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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145S0 

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6^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/JCMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  chang« 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 
D 
D 
D 

D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


D 


Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  retttoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whemwer  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
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mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


r~n   Coloured  pages/ 


m 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur6es  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe< 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtach^es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  maiterii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  6dition  disponible 


I — I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

I      I  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

nn  Includes  supplementary  maiterial/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


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This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

\^ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  o^narosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibSa  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibiiity 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacifications. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  origirtal  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  ending  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  recordad  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  -^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArositA  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archiwoi  of  British  Columbia 

Les  imagas  suivantas  ont  AtA  raproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattetA  de  l'exemplaire  fi!mA.  et  en 
conformitA  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmAs  en  comment  ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  paga  qui  comporta  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  las  autras  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commandant  par  !a 
premiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ".  le 
symbole  V  signifie  'FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  de  rAduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  dipgrammas  suivants 
illustrant  la  mAthode. 


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Till    SrAi  I-  oi^  OKI  GON 


the  Present 

and 


t  I 


BY  RtiiV    H    K    HINLa.,  !  )•  u 


I 


Orthy  I.)  lie 

1 


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Cont; 


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K 


AN 


ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY 


:  :  OF 


The^^ate  of  Oregon 


Containinii;  a  History  of  Ore<fon  from  the  F.arlicst  Period  of  its  Discovery  to  the  I'resent 

Time.  toj>ether  with  Glimpses  of  its  Auspicious  Future ;    Illustrations  and 

rull-pa»e  Portraits  of  some  of  its  Lminent  Men  and  Bio- 

Sfaphical  Mention  of  many  of  its  Pioneers 

and  Prominent  Citizens  of  to-day. 


BY  REV-  H-  K-  HINES.  D.  D- 


**A  people  Uial  lake  no  priile  in  the  nonlc  achievements  of  rcm*ilc  ancestors  will  never  achieve  anything  worthy  to  be 
remeuil)cre<l  with  pride  i>y  remote  descendants." — Afiunu/iiy. 


CHICAGO: 
TIIK  LKWIS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY. 

1893. 


vmmgmmm!imm»mmm^sss^s 


•   M 


PREFACE. 


romplele  and  clrcuniBtnnUal  liistory  of  Oregon  must  cover  more  tban  ii  liundrecl  years  of  time,  and  deal  with 
the  most  exciting  luculentH  of  tlie  discnvery  and  settlemenl  or  nearly  linlT  onr  Western  Continent.  It  must 
oonsliler  the  rival  and  conllicting  cluima  of  various  Kiiropean  nations  to  its  owneruhip,  a.s  wvll  as  its  long 
period  of  Indian  wars,  and  its  growth  from  a  small  American  missiimary  colony,  struggling  in  rivalry  with  great 
foreign  corporations,  representing  the  most  powerful  nation  of  the  world;  and  it  must  trace  the  development  of  ita 
civlliy.ation  from  these  unpropilious  l)eginnings  to  their  result  in  a  great  and  powerful  Stale.  To  do  this,  circumstan 
tially  treating  of  different  localities,  and  dwelling  on  the  incidents  most  interesting  lo  each,  would  require  a  number 
of  volumes  each  larger  than  this.  The  limits  necessarily  set  to  this  work,  and  thejcope  intended  to  be  covered  by  it, 
seemed  to  render  It  best  to  compend  its  historical  part  in  a  series  of  chapters  in  which  that  history  should  be  carefully 
treated  by  subjects  arranged  in  a  logical  order,  rather  than  in  a  chronological  succession  of  miscellaneous  events- 
This  course,  it  is  confidently  believed,  will  give  the  best  aud  the  most  satisfactory  results  lo  the  minds  of  the  readers  of 
this  book. 

This  is  especially  true  as  so  much  of  personal  and  incidental  history  necessarily  appears  in  its  extended  biograph- 
ical deparlmenl.  No  reader,  we  are  persuaded,  will  arise  from  the  study  of  these  pages  without  a  good  impression 
of  the  leading  fads  of  Oregon  histiuy  in  his  mind,  lie  will  better  understand  the  causes,  near  and  remote,  that  have 
olierated  on  the  field  covered  by  this  history  to  bring  to  its  present  condition  of  prosperity  and  power  this  great 
TaciHc  commonwealth. 

Again,  the  restriction  of  our  purpose  confined  our  dlscuasloo  mainly  to  Oregon.  Up  to  18S3  that  included  all  the 
North  Tacitlc  coast,  but  subsequent  lo  that  time  it  is  restricted  to  the  country  south  of  the  Columbia  river.  In  that 
year  the  country  north  of  the  Columbia  was  erected  into  a  Territory  by  itself  and  given  the  name  of  Washington. 
In  a  few  instances,  as  in  the  case  of  "Indian  wars,"  historic  events  were  so  interwoven,  north  and  south  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, that  we  have  been  compelled  to  follow  some  threads  of  the  history  into  adjoining  territory,  but  we  have  done 
this  as  little  as  possible,  and  then  only  far  enough  to  show  the  sonnection  of  historic  events  with  the  story  of  our  own 
Stale. 

The  writer  has  avoided,  as  far  as  possible,  using  the  space  allotted  to  history  12  this  book  by  notes  and  quotations 
and  citations  of  autliorities.  He  has  consulted  so  many  and  so  voluminous  authors  that  it  would  be  impracticable  to 
name  them  all,  as  he  would  he  glad  to  do.  While  he  freely  acknowledges  his  great  obligation  to  them,  it  must,  there' 
fore,  be  c;i  jmkmc,  lest  he  should  subject  himself  to  the  just  imputation  of  undue  partiality  or  sinister  prejudice.  In 
every  work  of  this  kind  mistakes,  omissions,  misinterpretations  must  occur,  and  we  cannot  expect  that  this  escapes 
the  inevitable. 

It  may  be  proper  to  state  that  the  writer  of  these  pages  has  been  personally  a  close  observer  of,  and  an  active  par- 
ticipant in,  the  events  of  Oregon  history  for  forty  years.  His  opportunities  for  personal  ob8ervati(m  of  men  and 
events  in  every  part  of  the  Stale,  and  of  the  entire  Northwest,  have  been  equal  to  those  of  any  other  man.  The  historic 
authorities  within  his  reach  comprise  the  whole  round  of  publications  adapted  to  throw  any  light  on  the  history  of  the 
State.  His  effort  has  been  to  put  into  crystallized  form  the  conclusions  duduced  from  these  authorities  rather  than 
to  give  n  narration  of  the  daily  occurrences  that  gave  passing  expression  to  the  causes  that  finally  resulted  in  the 
Oregon  of  to-day.  He  has  tried  to  do  this  "  wifj  malice  toward  none,  with  charity  for  all,"  but  to  do  it  conscientiously 
and  honestly.  What  he  has  written,  or  forborne  to  write,  has  alike  been  In  deference  to  the  purpose  and  scope  of  this 
publication. 

With  the  hope  that,  to  the  extent  of  that  purpose  and  scope,  he  has  contributed  something  that  will  enable  the 
public  mind  better  to  understand  the  history  of  Oregon,  be  submits  his  work  to  the  people  of  the  State  in  which  he 
has  lived  so  long. 

Thr  AtiTHon- 

ro»Ti<ANi>,  OitBaoN,  January,  I8O3. 


29168 


CONTENTS. 


ClIAI'TER.  PAnl 

I. — Topography  iind  Oeology 13 

II.— Climate  and  Proiliiutinns IS 

Cllraiite i 18 

ProductloDB 20 

HoiU 20 

Sollg  of  Volcanic  Orlgiu .  23 

In  Southwestern  Oregon 83 

Western  Oregon 'i'i 

Kastern  Oregon 24 

Products ■ 84 

1 11. -Tbe  Indians  of  Oregon 26 

IV.— Earliest  Discoveries 88 

V. — Earliest  Discoveries,  continue'! 40 

VI. — Overland  Explorations 50 

VII.— Uival  Claims  and  Pretensions 61 

VIII. — Uival  Claims  and  Pretensions,  continued 70 

IX.~First  American  Settlement 78 

X. — Oregon's  Missionary  Occupancy H7 

XI. — The  Hudson's  Bay  Company 08 

Dr.  .lohn  Mc  Laugblin 102 

VII.— The  Missions  and  the  Americanizution  of  Ore- 
gon  108 

XIII.— Immigrations iia 

XIV. — Immigrations,  continued 180 

XV. — Provisional  Government. .   135 

XVI.— Territorial  Era 147 

XVII.— Territorial  Era,  continued 157 

XVIII.— Oregon  as  a  State 165 

XIX. — Oregon  as  a  State,  continued 174 

XX. — Oregon  as  a  Stale,  con'inued 181 

XXI. — Oregon  as  a  State,  continued 187 

XXII.— The  Indian  Wars  of  Oregon 193 

XXIII.— The  Indian  Wars  of  Oregon,  continued 202 

XXIV.— The  Indian  Wars  of  Oregon,  continued 20» 

XXV.— The  Indian  Wars  of  Oregon,  continued 213 

XXVI.— The  Indian  Wars  of  Oregon,  continued 217 

XXVII.— The  Indian  Wars  of  Oregon,  continued 235 

XXVIII.- Oregon  in  1893 2i9 

Portland 830 

Salem 231 

Oregon  City 283 

Alb»ny. . , , , 888 


XXIX.— Oregon  in  18U3,  continued... 83.1 

Corvallis 335 

Dallas,  Mc  Minnville,  Forest  Grove,  lliUs- 

boro,  Astoria 236 

Tbe  Dalles,  Pendleton,  Lu  Grande 237 

Maker  City 888 

Signillcance  of  County  Names 238 

ILLU8TUATION8. 

Castle  Uock,  Columbia  Ulver 84  ^  - 

Charlton,  Calla  B U73>, 

Corbetl,  H.  W... 1101 

Crater  L'lke  and  Cone 00  ^  - 

Dalles,  Pitsaage  of  the 133  j^  ^ 

Deady,  M.  P 849  „ 

Fisli- Wheel  on  the  Columbia  Hiver 164  j- 

Fort  Canby 820  v  - 

Giluian,  J.  M 1243 

Gilmin,  Mrs.  L.  F 1245  '  ^ 

Grove.,  L.F T. .    ...801- 

Hawtho.-ne,  J.  C '461,., 

Holman,  F.  V 1140  ^ 

Johnson,  A.  H 849  ,, 

Kellogg,  Joseph 1037  , 

Ladd,W.S 395' 

Logging  Camp 72     ■» 

Lotan,  James 1197^ 

Mason,  W-  8 589  ^ 

Mount  Hood..'. 73  - 

Nelson,  Abram 788  „ 

Portland 200  — 

Uooster  Rock 1^3 '>\. 

Shattuck,  ED 241  ,., 

Spaulding,  W.  W 525  , 

Terwilliger,  James 413  ^ 

The  Three  Sisters 200» 

Thielsen,  H 658  ^. 

Upper  Cascades  Wharf 220  y^ 

Willamette  Palls 48  ^- 

Williams,  George  H Frontispiece  .y 

Wood,  T.  A 909  ., 

Wright,  Z.T 717^ 


\y 


vl 


CitNTKSTS 


BIOGf^APHIGAL  SP^B^GHES. 


Aliiiiliaiii,  Jniiip> 070 

Aliniiim,  LhwIh f*Oil 

Aliriinis,  \V.  II   77« 

A.iuir,  .Ic.liii  (W7 

A.liiir,  \V   H 6.Vf 

A.liims,  (1.  A MO 

A.liiiim,  (».  It 441 

Ailams,  M.  I' 485 

AdimiB,  S.  ('  3M 

A(l»m»,  \V.  II 870 

Aiii>lii',  (IccrL'e 04» 

AlliriKJil,  (",  .tr .VJO 

Allen,  K  \V 4«8 

AlliMi.d.  M 818 

Allen,  N.  II   U4« 

Allen,  W   K 1(40 

Allen,  W.  <) a83 

Alnnll,.!.  W 410 

Allnian,  I,.  0 .'517 

AiKleis.in,  v..  I aSJI 

Ai.lrewM,  \..  11 243 

A.idrews,   I,.  M 789 

Appeigiin,  A.  .1 1K)1 

Apperson,  .1.  T .54.5 

Applewliile,  .1.  M 410 

ArdilioM,  A.  (' H31 

Arnold,  W.  I) <,I50 

Arnidd,  Wni.  S 1101 

Arrinylon,  V    I, 534 

Atkins li.  II 47t) 

Atkinson,  Win.  II 410    ! 

Atwood,  .1.  I' 534 

Avery,  .J.r 418 

It 

HHi)».r,r,.  II 007 

Iliuon,  CI' Oil 

Hailey,  V.  A 885 

Hakei,  .1.  «} 3;{5 

Haker,  I,.  II WW 

Haker,  .M.  A 908 

Ball,  Isaac .507 

Itiill,  Isaac 1808 

lUiclay,  Kiirbes 980 

l!arl)er,  Henry 008 

Ilarin,  L.  T  005 

Barker,  T.  0 707 

Harlow,  William (188 

llarne.^,  F.  (     740 

r.arnes,  U.  W 7.54 

liarrett,  ('.  A 781 

liarretl,   W.  N ,543 

liatchelor,  .lames 1)78 

liiiyer,  .1.  C 648 

Bean,  II.  . I 389 

Bean,  U.  S 703 

Beardsley,  LA) 7.55 

Beauclianip,  T 037 

Beebe,  ('.  K 1(110 

Bedwcll,  Klisha 939 

Belcher,  J.  M 640 


BelllnKer,  C.  B 1005 

llemiell,  J.  I) 708 

lle!::i.-M    .M.  K KHW 

Benson,  II.  ! O.VI 

Berry,  I    W 844 

Bewley,  .1.  K 884 

Uewley,  U.  L 800 

Bickol,  Kreil 513 

Biddlc,  Kdwurd 014 

Bllvpii,  \. 904 

r.ilyeu,  Wm.  U 904 

Bingliani,  (i.  0 004 

BlnswauK'T,  C>.  S  718 

Hird,J(.lin (136 

Bird,  |{.  I' 0.56 

Birdsey,  .1.  (i .184 

Bishop,  B.  B 18.58 

Blacklinrn,  1).  11.  N 741 

Blftin,  I,.  K 079 

Blair,  Cyruii  940 

Blakeslee,  ('   I,  !I80 

Bluuchard,  Dean 088 

Blanchit,  Alip 4H1 

Blank,  tttcphen 630 

liliiinHuer,  l.uuia 983 

Boellin)!,  Conrad 437 

Bohannon,  W.  K 314 

Boise,  a.  I' 738 

Boise,  U.  I'.,  Jr 739 

Bolander,   U.  N 983 

Holies,  J.  r 3(10 

Bonhttin,  H.  K .538 

Boos,  .1.0 1W5 

Booth,  J.  I< 9(10 

Biiolh.  HA 400 

Borman,  G.  W 078 

Borlhwick,  A.  K 878 

Buwdllch,  .IT 074 

Bowen  A:  Small 354 

Bower,.!.  I) 304 

Bowlby,  .1.  A 403 

Bowlhy,  W 408 

Bowmer,  H.  L 4."il 

Bover,  1.  D 074 

BoynlO!),  CO 800 

Brainard,  W.  E 1139 

Braley,  A 040 

Brannin,  W.  W 1801 

Branson,  B.  U 807 

Breck,.!,  M 397 

Briedwell,.!.  W  971 

Briatow,  Uarwln  505 

Brill,  I'eter 480 

Brown,  Adnra  870 

Brown,  A.  C 605 

Brown,  BenI 466 

Brown,  O.  11 084 

Brown,  J.  A 472 

Brown,  lllram 514 

Brown,  .Iiimes  II 9.58 

lir.iwn,  .James  II <»75 

Brown,  .John 041 

Brown,  Joseph  E .' 075 


Brown,  Michael 078 

Brown,  N,  A 070 

Brown,  S.  A.  &  E.  C 617 

Brown,  H.  K 077 

Brown,  W.  S 888 

lirusli,  .lohn  738 

BrulHcher,  .Sahantlan 830 

Bryan,  HE 337 

Bn.hlel,  J 308 

BnckniHU.  Oyrui 375 

Buell,  fyriiB fl«4 

Buirum,  W.  a 684 

BullcHrk,  S 383 

Bunnell,  N.  P 077 

Bnntinn,  !:i.  0  887 

Burlmnk,  A.  I« 607 

Biirdi,  11.  K 90 » 

Buren,  A.  IS 901 

Bnrs'Kraf,  ('.  II 001 

Burnett,  .lohu 416 

Burnhain,.! 003 

Burns,  .Icdin ONI 

Burton   Bros 983 

B.,shnell,J.A 4.57 

Busier,  .1.  W 1001 

Butler,  Ira  F.  M 678 

Butler,  l8BH(! 780 

Butler,.!.  B.  V 1008 

Butler,  ().  U 013 

BiuctoM,  Henry 774 

Hyars,  W.  II  010 

Byrd.  W.  II  888 

U 

Caldn  ell,  A.  C 4.58 

Caldwell,  H.  P 1004 

Caliir,  8.  H 731 

Cameron,  T 100ft 

Caiupliell,  Hamilton 684 

Campbell,  . I.  W 308 

Campbell,  P.  L 438 

Campbell,  Patrick 363 

(•ampbeU,  Wm 047 

'aples,   J.  F     087 

Caplinger,  .!.  C 344 

Cardwell,  B.  P 584 

Cardwell,.!.  U 604 

Curl,  Wilson 503 

(aril,  W.  E  088 

Carroll,  .!.  I, 1280 

Carson,  J.  C .« 957 

Carter,  H.  B 438 

Carter,.!.  T 888 

(;alliey,  B.  A 319 

Catlin,  John 580 

Catterlin,  F.  J 558 

Callron,  J 1007 

Caufleld,  Robert 788 

Caukin,  O.  E 440 

Cave,  Hiley  980 

(.'hadwick,  8.F 711 

Chaiuberlftin,  G.  E 68(1 


cnxTfCJfTs. 


Til 


(liiiiiiliKrlin,  K mi 

Clmmli^rlln,  It.  T iVi 

CliniKllfr,  (1  V 7»a 

(  lull  lion,  Ciilla  U 07:1 

Cliunimn,  K.  K 8(15 

Cliiiriimn,  K   It 8(13 

Cliitriiinii,  TlioH.             700 

CliriBiniiu,  (1.  U 080 

ClirlHiimn,  W.  M  C.       838 

ClirlHiimii.  W.S »8S 

ClirlKllBii,  llfiiry UHU 

('liiirKi'ii.  *' ""'J 

CliiiitfHi,  Wri.  1 20.') 

C'liirk,  Una,  ,,   11U1I 

Cliirk,  K.  0 047 

Clark,  ,1.  S 817 

Clfiiver,  0 000 

Cliir,  II.  U MO 

niirorci,  .M.n looo 

(line,  W.  M 1000 

Coail,  « "77 

C'oclimi.  J.  A Ofill 

Coe,  II.  W 007 

Cciiree,  A.  J  031 

C'.iirey.T.  M BOO 

Cofflii,  8 581 

Colbern,  l*.  E OO.'. 

('(ile,.l.  P 810 

Colemiiii,  1>  (' our. 

Collard,  K.  B 1013 

Collier,  O.  n 707 

Colllnn,  (Jeorge 01) J 

Colliim,  .1.  h 810 

Commercial  National  Bank...  288 

Conde,  1'.  A 302 

Cone,  (1.  A 030 

Cou.Ut,  K.  N 005 

Conley,  A.  B •OSl 

Conley,  K.  E a43 

Cimnaway,  \V.  P 005 

Conner,  Nathan 847 

Conner,!".  E O-'d 

Consliible,  E 1014 

Constable,  U. lOlC 

Coiiyers,  E.  W 1018 

Conyers,  W.  H 1271 

Cook,  Charles 000 

Cook,  Ebenezer 014 

Cook,.!.  F 043 

Cook,  .1.  W Oil) 

Cooke,  Horatio 900 

Cooke,  .I.J 701 

Cooley,  O.  C 883 

Coolidge,  C 800 

Cooper,  J.  H 1010 

Cooper,.!.  S 000 

Corbett,  Elijah 001 

Corbett,  H.  W 1101 

Comeliua,  C.  W 043 

Cornelius,  T.  H 028 

Cornoyer,  N.  A 724 

Coshow,  O.  P 043 

Cosper,  11.  B 930 

Cottle,  H.  W 730 

Cowan,  J.  L 1015 

Cowles,  J.  W 515 

Cox,  N.  K 018 

Cox,  Richard 1000 

Cox,  Thomas 587 

Cor.inn,  Samuel 800 

Crabill,   P 1003 

Crang,  Frederick 008 

Crawford,  A.  A 202 

Crawford,  J.  A 700 


Crawford,.!.  (1 730 

Criiwlord,  T.  II 300 

CrawfiiKl,  Thou.  H 050 

Cr.'lglii T.  J 331 

('rider,  A.  8 1011 

CriKliT,  A.J 434 

Crofult,  I.J 450 

(  looior,  II.  II 022 

Cnms,  K.  (; 703 

Cro»ii,  II.  E 1011 

Crosslin,  II.  A 1(H)8 

Crowley,  S.  K 1013 

I  lowson.O.  W 411 

Culver,  W.J 100<1 

CiimniiogH,  F>win 1100 

Cunniuglinm,  ('has 514 

Ciirrin,  (1.  J 1000 

Currin,  Hugh 027 

Curiy,  (J.  I- 420 

CurllH,  J.  L 300 

CurliH,  W.  L. 0.50 

CuHick,  J.  W 7:i5 

''utting,  Oren 1C07 

D 

Dalley,  M.  8 '. 083 

Dalgity,  .lames 433 

Dart,  A.  E 1030 

Dart,  James 780 

Davey,  Frank 013 

Davidson,  Andrew 1010 

Davidson,  II.  M 1021 

Davidson,  J.  O 1031 

Davidson,  T.  L  803 

Davidson,  Wm.  M 743 

Davies,  Alfred 028 

Davies,  Miles 6j7 

Davis,  Frank 1023 

Davis,  U.  Y 773 

Davis,  Hirama 1030 

Davis,  J.  H 1387 

Davis,  Nanoleim 848 

Davis,  .S.  i  Son 1053 

Davis,  T.  (■ 000 

Dawson,  Wm 840 

Day,  George  C 207 

Deady,  M.  P 340 

De  Force,  J.  II ia54 

Dekum,  Frank 1033 

Ue  Letts,  Jackson 020 

Denney,T.  II 1027 

Dennis,  P.  M 1023 

Denny,  (J.N 1051 

Denton,  E.  N     1038 

Derby.  J.  U 814 

Dosart,  George 1045 

Dickerson,  8.  W 1040 

Dickinson,  J.  P 400 

Dickinson,  Obed 820 

Dietrich,  II.  II 423 

Dilley,  M.  E 838 

Dlmick,  AlphlaL 315 

Doane,  Neheraiah 330 

Dodson,  O.  JI 355 

Dolph,  C.A 247 

Donnelly,  J.  T 335 

Donnerberg,  John 408 

Dornsife,  J 0ft5 

Dorris,  B.  F 7!tO 

Dorsey,  George 820 

Douglass,  Q.  W 1048 

Douglass,  J.  H 1078 

Douglass,  J.  L...: 1048 


Downing,  t).  8 lOUO 

Drake,   II.  B 384 

Driver,  I.  D 108-I 

DiiIhms,  llunry... 018 

Dull, . I    It 804 

Dunbar,  F.I 487 

Duniian.  C.  II 1W7 

Dunn.  Patrick 481 

Diirlium.  A.  A 480 

Durham.  G.  II BiUI 

Durham,  U.  I lOW 

Durham,  S.  A 4IK) 

Dwighl,  n.  W 481 

E 

Eakin,  U 861 

Eakin,  S  B 885 

Eastham,  E.  L 718 

Kaston,  P.  II  1080 

Eatcm,  A.  E 870 

Eaton,  F.  B 010 

Edwards,  D.  L 784 

Edwards,  K.  8 008 

Eileis,  O.  H..   887 

Eliot,  T.  L 480 

Elkins,  Mrs.  AM 453 

Elkins,  Joseph 1035 

Elliott,  Mrs.  E 810 

Elliott,  J.  S 303 

Elmore,  Samuel 1089 

Embree,  ('.  1) 1049 

England,  Wm 028 

Engle,  Samuel 1029 

K»\e».  Eevi 103(1 

Estes,  ().  B lOas* 

Everding,  Henry 1041 

Everest.  David (118 

Ewin,  W.  H 333 

Ewry,  .John 1041 

V 

Failing,  Henry 10.55 

Fauno,  Augustus 1282 

Fanno,  A.  J 934 

Farra,  G.  U 440 

Farrar,  L.  C 1030 

Faull.  Wm 070 

Fawk,  James 10.58 

Fee,  J.  A .570 

Feller,  Francis 510 

Fenton,  Elijah 10.58 

Ferchen,  J,  F 1007 

Fergueson,  J.  B 500 

Ferrin,  W.  N 1008 

Field,  .lohn 985 

Fields,  Hugh 081 

Finn,  C.  H 307 

FInnev,  A 1084 

First  ffat'al  Bank  8.  Oregon 400 

Fisher,  A.  (' 530 

Fisher,  J.  J 248 

Fletcher,  II.  C 1084 

Fletcher,  James. 1084 

Fllnn,  MA 015 

Flint,  B.  T 275 

Flippin,  J.  A 1031 

Flook,  ,T.  0 784 

Foley,  Francis. .    518 

Folsom,  F.  W .1013 

Foster,  C.  M 388 

Foster,  Phillip t043 

Foster,  8.  C ^047 


CONTENTS. 


Fouts,  J.  T 704 

Fox,  .John 1047 

Frame,  K.  A 49;i 

Fiaser,  K.  1> 51)0 

Frazei',  G.  N DIO 

Fryer,  J.  T 1070 

Fuller,  13.  F 1073 

Fuqua,  Wm 707 

G 

Galbreatb,  Joseph 1003 

GallowHy,  Wm (150 

Gaiiiard,  0.0 207 

Oanong,  J.  AV 245 

Gardner,  W.  U 1003 

Garland,  A.  J COfl 

Garnold,  John lO".") 

Garrison,  W.  J  09:i 

Gault,  Pembroke 282 

Giiy.UW 1073 

Gearhart,  J.  W 5C4 

Geer,  F.  W 473 

Geer,  J.  P 847 

Geiger,  C.  K 5.58 

George,  M.  C 345 

Gesner,  Alonzo 047 

Gibbs,  A.  C ;....   386 

Gibson,  H.  S 402 

Gibson,  S,  D 495 

Giesy,  A.  J 531 

Giesy,  Fredericli 2-ti 

Giesy,  Martin 429 

Gill)ert,  W.  B 493 

Gilbert,  W.  H 1059 

Oilman,  J.  M 1245 

Gitbens,  George 1035 

Glandon,  F.  S 828 

Glass,  Wm 440 

Golf,  S.  F ,5.V) 

Goldsmith,  H 1034 

Goltra,  W.  H 10(14 

Goodbrod,  A.  J 1056 

Goodman,  A.  J 682 

Goodrich,  T : 1068 

Goodrich,  W.  C 1014 

Goucher,  0.  W 704 

Graham,  J.  K  932 

Graham,Wm 1044 

Graham,  W.  W 252 

Grant,  David 6iwi 

Graves,  G.  W 1005 

Graves,  U.  T 823 

Graves,  T.  J 1065 

Graves,  T.  N 020 

Gray,  Caleb 463 

Gray,  J.  H.  0 753 

Green,  John 1074 

Grim,  J.  W 258 

Groner,  John 899 

Grooms,  Wn< 557 

Grout,  U.  A 381 

Grover,  L.  F HOI 

Groves,  J.  F 1074 

Grubbs,  Wm 1001 

Guthrie,  1).M 669 

II 

Ilackleman,  Abraham 1062 

Ilackleman,  C.  C 72S 

l.'adley,  H.  G 0,54 

Ha^-ony,  John 521 

Haile/,  T.  0  278 


Haines,  E.  W 1053 

llalnes,  W.  W 1058 

H8ley,P.  W 1067 

Hall,  B.  F 325 

Hall,  C.  H 734 

Hall,  J.C 900 

Hall,  J.  H 1066 

Hnllgarth,  C 1009 

Hammond,  A.  P 676 

Handley,  C 841 

Hansee,  Martha  L 1060 

Hansen,  G.W 347 

Hanson,  M 1070 

Hanson,  K.  M 584 

Hanswirth,  F 1080 

Hanthorn,  J.  0 1077 

Hardesty,  S.  W 1079 

Harding,  C.  V 342 

Harding,  G.  A 526 

Hare,  J.  W 1071 

Hare,  W.  D 859 

Ilarkins,  T.  G 623 

Harper,  Peter 867 

Harrington,  D.  F 1071 

Harrison,  W.  H 1087 

Hartman,  B.  F 805 

Ilartman,  J,  J 783 

Haseltine,  J.  E 1087 

Hathaway.  Worden 570 

Hawes,  E.  M 489 

Hawthorne,  J.C 461 

Hay,  Clark 621 

Hayes,  D.  J 323 

Hayes,  G.  E 745 

Heater,  BenJ 811 

Hedges,  D.  L 307 

Hefty,H.J 952 

Hegele.C 518 

Heilborn,  C 1080 

Heiple,  8 984 

Helslor,  John 299 

Hellenbrand,  C.  W 1078 

Helmick,  James 689 

Hembree.  F.  P.  1078 

Hemstock,  Wm 1083 

Hendee,  D.  H 328 

Henderson,  T.  B 308 

Henderson,  W.  B 534 

Hendrick,  M.  B 896 

Hendricks,  T.  G 591 

Henness,  B.  L Ue9 

Henrichsen.  L.  C 1082 

Henry,  J.  S 348 

Henton,  N.J 1093 

Herrall,  George 888 

Herren,  G 404 

Hess,  A.  J 1104 

Hey  wood  Bros.  &  Co 429 

Hibbs,  J.  S 1080 

Hickg,  Ernest  314 

Hicks,  T.  M 529 

Hill,  Almoran .509 

Hill,  Henry 839 

Hill,  J.  L 759 

Hill,  J.  W 376 

Hillibrand,  Paul 963 

Hime8,G.  H .1104 

Himpel.C.  A 1080 

Hiues,  H.  K 034 

nines,  T.  M 1081 

Hinkle,  Jesse 4,54 

Hinkle,  J.  T.   575 

Hlnman,  A 888 

HlnsUaw,  I,  8 1C81 


Hoberg,  C '.  293 

Hoberg,  Joseph 871 

Hobson,  John 757 

Hobson,  K 944 

Hocken,  W.  O 901 

Hodgkin,  F.  E 1099 

Hodson,  O.  0 786 

Hogan,  C.  L 686 

Hogue,  H.  A 907 

Holbrook,  F.  B 405 

Holbrook,  P 744 

Holman,  Amos 635 

Holman,  F.  V  1149 

Holman,  J.D 844 

Holman,  John 1095 

Holman,  N 1094 

Holman,  Thomas.  1115 

Holmes,  A.  M 931 

Holmes,  Gertrude 11 16 

Honeyman,  John 1094 

Hoover,  Jacob 053 

Horubuckle,  Q 1093 

Hosford,  CO  447 

Houck,  O.  W 265 

Hovey,  AG 541 

Howard,  C.  T 1085 

Howard,  D.  C 598 

Howe,  W.  A 1088 

Hoyt,  G.  W 779 

Hoyt,  H.  L 844 

Hubbard,  J.  E 1089 

Hughes,  E.  C 780 

Hughes,  Samuel 1096 

Huelat,  A.  B 389 

Huelat,  S 1093 

Hulin,  C.  8 432 

Hulin,  Lester 764 

Humphrey,  N.  B 1091 

Hunsaker,  A.  J 72« 

HunsBk»r,  H.  K 621 

Hunter.hmry 261 

Hnrd,  Jarvis 1151 

Hurley,  H 703 

HuBsey,  Nathan 946 

Hustler,  J.  G 514 

Huston,  8.  B 719 

Hyde,  C.  F 1150 

I 

Irwin,  W.  J 761 

Isaac,  f .  T 418 

Isom,  John 1098 

Israel, J.D 459 

J 

Jack,  Andrew 1108 

Jack,  Calvin 938 

Jackson,  J.  8 948 

Jacobs,  W.  E 261 

Jaeger,  J.  M 687 

James,  C.  W 1291 

Janney,  G,  B 1108 

Jensan,  M 1091 

Johnson,  A.  H 849 

Johnson.  F.  M 355 

Johnson,  George  W 1097 

Johnson,  O.  W 450 

Johnson,  H.  A nOO 

Johnson,  H.  H noo 

Johnson.  James 798 

Johnson,  J.  J 463 

Johnson,  J.  C 1128 

JobDOon,  J,  I) 408 


oontbnts. 


\x 


Johnson,  P 2B2 

Johnson,  W.  C 550 

Johnson,  W.  R 081 

Johnston,  T.  J 1124 

Jolly,  F.B nil 

Jones,  H.I 1110 

Jones,  J.  A 292 

Jonea,J.  W 1109 

Jonea,  W.  8 420 

Jones,  Wm 300 

Jones,  W.J 1109 

K 

Kane,  Wm 1113 

Kapus,Wm 464 

Kay,  Thomas flOO 

Keeley  Institute Oil 

Keene.J.  M 1107 

Keep,  CM 830 

Keinlen.E 1112 

Kellogg,  J.  B 016 

Kellogg,  Joseph 1037 

Kelly,  Clinton 1273 

Kelly,John 1111 

Kelly,  Mrs.  N.  C.  B 494 

Kelly,  Penumbra 1122 

Kelly,  Richmond 1275 

Kelsey,  F.  D 1122 

Kelso,  Lewis 1106 

Kennedy,  J.  W 055 

Kenworthy,  J 245 

Kern,  J.  W 955 

Keyt,  E.  0 1100 

Kiddle,  Ed 329 

Kightlinger,  A.  S 1130 

Kinin,T.B 1131 

Killingsworth,  W.  M 508 

Kincaid,  H.R 1118 

King,  A.  N 390 

Kindt,  Peter 748 

Kinney,  M.J 260 

Kirk,  D.  K 1119 

Kirts,  John ?69 

Kittridge,  Herbert 1127 

Knapp,  R.  B 1137 

Knight,  Wm 1120 

Knott,  A.J 240 

Knox,  0.  F 484 

Koehler,  Wm 1126 

Kopp,  John 537 

Kribs,  Harry 1124 

Krumbein,  J.  P 620 

Kruse,  John 659 

Kuykendall,  C.  V 699 

L 

Ladd.W.  S... 31(5 

Ladue,  W.  N 085 

Lady,J.  W 1125 

Laiulaw,  Jamea 619 

Lamb,  A.  L 1117 

Lamb,  L.J 242 

Lamberson,  J.  A 658 

Lambert,  J.  H 868 

Lamport,  E.  8 597 

Lancefleid,  R.  W 1117 

Large,  Francis 795 

LaRociiue,  A.  E 1129 

Laah,  O.  R 1180 

Latouretle,  D.  C 780 

Laiighlin,  D.  W 770 

Laughlin,  Lee 087 


Laughlln,  R,  R 705 

Leathers,  J.  P 1155 

Lee  H.  A 080 

Lee,  J.  B 439 

Lee,  N.  L 1155 

Lee,  T.J 798 

Lee,  W.  H 1112 

Leinweber,  C 755 

Lemont,  P.  A 7«'.i 

Levis,  W.W 1132 

Lewelling,  Setb 4»7 

Lewis,  B.  F 1132 

Lewis,  W.H 1130 

Lindsley,A.L 480 

Lines,  H.  M .551 

Linn,  B.  F 1136 

Lippincott,  B.  E COl 

Littlefic'.d,  H.  R 815 

Lockwood,  C.  E  247 

Lockwood,  O.  A 1128 

Loewenberg,  J 573 

Lombard,  J.  E 523 

Long,  Edward 791 

Lotan,  James 1197 

Lownsdale,  J.  P.  0 863 

Lucas,  A.  W. . . . , 928 

Luelling,  A 568 

Luelling,  M.  H 709 

Lynch,  John 968 

M 

Mack,  W.  O 1128 

MacKay,  A.E 471 

MacKay,  Donald 372 

Mackenzie,  K.  A.  J 200 

Macrum,  I.  A 270 

Magers,  J.  E 825 

MaUory,  Rufus 273 

Malone,  R.  D 834 

Manning,  Loui 881 

Mansfield,  P.  M 540 

Mark,  A.  K 817 

Markham,  8.  S 1120 

Markle.G.B 1276 

Marks,  8.  P 951 

Marrs,  Mrs.  L.  E 955 

Marshall,  A.  J 288 

Martin,  E 447 

Martin,  Mrs.  P.  B 1167 

Martin,  J.  M 1160 

Martin,  N 488 

Martyn,  W.  P 334 

Mason,  W.  8 689 

Masters,  J.  W  1107 

Mathew,  8 1121 

Matlhieu,  F.X 44i; 

Mattock,  J.  D 952 

Mauzey,  Wm 1147 

May,  Samuel 1151 

May,  W.  W 080 

Mays,  F.  P 289 

McAllster,  D.  A 1162 

McArthur,  L.  L 804 

McBride,  James 1152 

McCaw.W.  P 077 

McClane,  J.B 1141 

McClelland,  T 886 

McClung,  J.  H 592 

McComas,  E.  S 279 

McCord,  8.  B 783 

McCraken,  John 367 

McDaniel,  D.  P 1188 

McDanlel,  £,  P 858 


McDaniel,  Joshua 491 

McDonakl,  Hurley 1142 

McEIroy,  E.  B 020 

McGrath,  G.  T 1134 

McOuIre,  H.  I) 1135 

McKay,  Joseph 349 

McKay,  W.  C 1133 

McKenzie,  Emma  W 287 

McKern,  Luke 811 

McKinney,J.N II.'IO 

McLaughlin,  G.  W 295 

McLencb,  F.  0 1140 

McLeod,  W.  M 378 

McNally,  C.  8 1145 

McNary,  A.  W 1145 

McNutt,  R.  W 1161 

McPherson,  P.  J 1160 

McPhilllps.  James 1149 

Mead,  A.  P 310 

Medford  Dis.  &  Uef.  Co 1148 

Meek,  C.  W 874 

Meldrum,  John  W 720 

Merchant,  Warren 1110 

Merchant,  Wm 1144 

Meredith,  J.  W 806 

Merrick,  Ross 357 

Merrill,  Norman 1148 

Merritt,  J.  W 333 

Merwin,  A.  T 1147 

Messenger,  H.  (; 1 146 

MeUcham,  P 598 

Meyer,  Conrad 1 140 

Meyers,  Joseph 1 164 

Miller,  B.  F 409 

Miller,  F.  M 1153 

Miller,  Henry 572 

Miller,  J.  E  1101 

Miller,  N.  A 452 

Miller,  S.E  312 

Miller,  Wm 1162 

Miller,  W.  W 1158 

Milliorn,T.  A 450 

Mills,  W.  A 280 

Milne,  John 1158 

Minto,  J.  W 000 

Minto,  John 875 

Minto,  W.J 595 

Mitchell,  R.  W 277 

Mitchell,  W.  H 906 

Monnastes,  David 606 

Montanye,  L.  H 752 

Monteilh,  T 1159 

Monteith,  W 709 

Moore,  D.  M 1160 

Moore,  E.  W 1171 

Moore,  J.  C 1158 

Moore8,J.  H 033 

Moores,  A.  N 276 

Moores,  C.  B 633 

Jforand,  W.  E .' 1165 

Moreland,  J.  C 747 

Morey,  P.  F 854 

Morgan,  J.J 1163 

Morgan,  J.  W 1104 

Morris,  B.  W 481 

Morris,  E.  8 1017 

Morse,  M.J 1010 

Moss,  8.  W 1181 

Moti,  W.  8 308 

Moyer.J.  M 1170 

Mulkey,  P.  M 1104 

Mulkey,  Luke 1183 

Mull,  Mrs.  8.  J 937 

Muller,  Max 410 


CONTENTS. 


Muipliy,  H.  W 810 

Myers,  John 1183 

Myer8,W.  H.  II 790 

N 

Naclianil,  Henry 313 

Neep,  C.  T IISB 

Neer,  Deios  D 046 

Nelson,  Abrnhaiu 78S 

Nelson,  A.  J 1185 

Nelson,  J.  C 917 

Nelson,  Uasnius 1187 

Nesuiith,  W 11S7 

Neuburg,  P.J 485 

Newell,  C.  H 1179 

Newbury,  W.  S 784 

Newby,  \V.  T 11«0 

Newton,  G.G 457 

Newlon,  N.  E 292 

Newton,  N.  P 40« 

Nichols,  A.  P 899 

Nichols,  \..l\ 455 

Nicholson,  \W.  T.  U 384 

Nickerson,  Hugh 759 

Xicklin,  A.  1 1180 

Nickiun,  J.  M 1175 

Nicoliii  Hros.  Co 387 

Noble,  H.J  889 

Noble,  J.  W 723 

Nolanil,  George 203 

Noon,  \Vm.  C 857 

Nerval,  J.  \V 340 

O 

Oatman,  H.  B 315 

Olierer,  F.J 1200 

O'C'innor,  John 1175 

Odell,  W.  H 288 

O'Donald,  J 935 

Ot;ilvy,  David 008 

Oglesliy,  W.  W 1173 

Olds,  O.  W 894 

Olds,  J.  C 1174 

Olmsted,  M.  L 1170 

Osborn,  0.  A 1108 

Osborn,  K 628 

Osborn,  T.  P 924 

OtcUin,  Thomas 900 

Overlnrf,  laicrelia 1189 

Owen,  M.  M 012 


I'licific  Mutual  Life  Ins.  Co...  805 

Packard,  I(.  K 437 

I'ague,  U.  S 601 

Paine,  li.  I) 521 

I'aine,  I).  A 1297 

Palethorpe,  G,  H 418 

Palmer,  Charles 1177 

Pnlmer,  (;.  L 428 

I'ai|uel,  Joseph 078 

Paciuet,  Peter 850 

Parker,  W.  W 501 

Parrish,  J.  I. .537 

Parrish,  L.  M   470 

Parrotl,   V.  II 301 

Parson,  J.  8 1177 

Partlow,J.  M 9f)9 

Partlow,  W.  B 401) 

Parvin,  Z.  M 751 

PatUTson,  A.  W 766 


Patterson,  F.  A 813 

Patterson,  John 274 

Patterson,  W.  J 310 

Patterson,  W.  M 399 

Patton,  T.  McF 552 

Patty,  G.M 1178 

Paulsen,  Thomas 474 

Payne,  N.  P 747 

I'earce,  Ashbcy 771 

Pearl,  Joseph 1179 

Pease,  G.  A 415 

Peck,C.  W 1004 

Peebles,  G.  A 75B 

Peirce,  G.  M 446 

Pennington,  S.  M 000 

Pennoyer,  Sylvester 1172 

Perkins,  0.  W 1097 

Perkins,  N.  H 675 

Perkins,  U.  8 1059 

Perry,  F.  C 915 

Perry,  T.  \V U93 

Perry,  W.  8 030 

Pfau,  Jacob 029 

Pfunder,  L,  G 509 

Pfunder,  Wm 710 

Philbrick,  A    378 

Phillips,  ».  T 1190 

Phillips,  John 848 

Pickel,  E.  B 431 

Pickett,  W.  0 445 

Pierce  Bros 1293 

Piggott,  C.  H 625 

PiIsl)ury,J.  G 547 

Place,  L,  W  801 

Plummer,  O.  P.  S 1205 

Pointer,  Wm 787 

Pollock,  Hobert, 290 

Pope,  Seth 300 

Pope,SelhL 301 

Pope,  W.  II 412 

Portland  University 339 

Prrter,  J.  A 1182 

Porter,,!.  H 619 

Porter,  K.  M ,530 

Porterfield,  J.  E 073 

Posson,  F.  L 275 

Potter,  Sylvester 1192 

Powell,  F.  S 887 

Powell,  John 383 

Powell,  J.  W 287 

Powell,  \V.  S 501 

Powers,  A.  \V 705 

Powers,  B.  F 325 

Powers,  I.  F 912 

Powers,  li.  M 1184 

Prather,  J.  M 758 

Prentice,  F.  W 505 

Prellyman,  H.  \V 900 

Purser,  David  834 

Pulman,  D.  B 715 

Putnam,  J.  B.  1199 

Q 

Quick,  K.  E 1195 

Quick,  U.  0 891 

|{ 

Hallety,  Dav  k  C.  11 1210 

Kall'ety,  8,  B 1210 

Ralston,  C.  H 1195 

Kalslon,  Oliver 859 

Kalslon,  W.  M 831 


Hampy,  U.  A 1201 

Bamsey,  W.  M 814 

Handall,  N.  W 320 

Handall,  T.  P 366 

Hands,  E.  M 1193 

Rast,  jQhn 701 

Raymond  Bros.  &  Co 460 

Read,  W.  F H94 

Reed,  F.  C 1191 

Reed,  G 1191 

Rees,  W.  H 1198 

Reid.Wm 310 

Kenick,  A.  B 417 

Reynolds,  John 703 

RUoOes,  Jasper 506 

Rice,  W.J 1203 

Richards,  8 013 

Richardson,  8.  T 740 

Richmond,  T.  G 1198 

Rickard,  Casper 1204 

Rider,  G.  C 926 

Rigler,  Frank 289 

Rifey,  D.  J 1803 

Risdon,  1).  M 644 

Hitter,  J.  D 668 

Robhins,  Levi  915 

Robbins,  Martin 1800 

Hol.bins,  Oliver 1281 

Robert,  C.  A 1239 

Roberts,  C.  B 884 

Roberts,  Wm 479 

Robinson,  F.  M 1200 

Robinson,  B.  M 879 

Robinson,  J.  W 462 

Robinson,  R.  F .579 

Robinson,  W.J 728 

Robison,  I.  C 880 

Roby,  C.  W 623 

Roby,  E.  P 944 

Rockfellow,  A.  D 544 

Rockwell,  C im 

Hoe,  Thomas 1203 

Rogers,  J.  W 1281 

Honey,  L.  N 584 

Hoop,  Jacob 1113 

Hoot,  Sidney 824 

Hoots,  J.  W 401 

Hose,  Aaron 1217 

Ross,  J.  II  1217 

Ross,  J.  P 341 

Ross,  J.  W 510 

Hosseler,  F.  S 1209 

Hounds,  Kuth  E 284 

H(mrke,  T.  F 1877 

Howell,  J.  I) 791 

itowland,  G.  L 827 

Rowland,  J.  R 1248 

Rowland,  L.  L 1211 

Royal,  Osman 374 

Royal,  W.  W 356 

Russell,  (J.  F 716 

Russell,  L.  H 1297 

Rust,  Henry 348 

8 

Samson,  W.  W.  H 1848 

Sanders,  J.  H 1208 

Sandlord,  Hicliard 069 

Savage,  Erastus 954 

Savage,  John,  Jr 590 

Savage,  Wm 1207 

Sawtell,  A.  J 1858 

Schieffelin,  E 686 


CONTENTS. 


%{ 


ScUulmeiich,  C 12-13 

Schumann,  Otto 317 

Scoggin,  W.  A 006 

Scott,  C.G 1224 

Bcott,  H.  W 478 

Scott,  Rodney 1223 

Scriber,  C.  W 1238 

Scripture,  S.  F 202 

Scroggin,  P.  M 858 

Sears,  C.  W 127U 

Sears,  G.  C 574 

Selling,  Isaac 244 

Sewell,  J.H 935 

Sliarp,  Wm 1215 

SUattuck,  E.  D 241 

Slielby,  J.  11.  E 88! 

Shelley,  Uoswell 1210 

Shelton,  J.  W 772 

Sherlock,  Wm 1292 

Sherman,  D.  F 320 

Shipley,  M.  II 002 

Shively,  C.  W 838 

Short,  a.  V 770 

Shortridge,  T.  M 945 

8hreve,Asa 930 

Shultz,  Asbury 1231 

Silver,  C.  S 428 

Simmons,  Wheelock 1157 

Simon,  Joseph 209 

SimoDton,  James 250 

'Simpson,  I.M 903 

Simnaon,  J.  T 804 

Simpson,  U.  L 720 

Sites,  J.  K 818 

Sitton,  N.  K 1232 

Skiff,  M.  8 707 

Slavin,  J.A 424 

Sloan,  Mrs.  S.  A 1219 

Smith  &  Steiner 1213 

Smith,  A.  C 1220 

Smith,  A.  M 1235 

Smith,  A.  T 128'.l 

Smith,  B.  F 903 

Smith,  tj.  E 800 

Smith,  Clark 700 

Smith,  Oyrus 808 

Smilh,  David 770 

Smith,  F.  K 770 

Smith,  H.  A 570 

Smilh,  H.  J 1223 

Srr.itb,  Irvin  L 1228 

umilh,  Isaac  W 1200 

Smith,  J.  N 531 

Smith,  M.P 587 

Smith,  M.  W Olf) 

Smith,  P.T 1229 

Smith,  Stephen 1218 

Smith,  Thomas 1218 

Smilh,  T.  C 714 

Smitli,  Wm 910 

Smilh,  Wm.  K 873 

Snow,  T.  N 338 

Snyder,  Charles 1214 

Honger,  S.  T 411 

South'n  Ore.  Lum.  &  Mfg.  Co..l050 

Soverns,  George 033 

Spalding,  Miss  II.  F 835 

Spaulding,  M.  M 1215 

Spaulding,  Wm.  W 525 

Spink,  Perry  W 740 

Sporry,  A.  J. 1205 

SlRBls,  Henry 800 

Staats,  J.  0 883 

Staals.  Stephen  1813 


Btaggs,  G.  W 133(i 

Stanley,  H.  B 1237 

Stanton,  II.  C 581 

Stanton,  J.  A 1221 

Starr,  Isaac 1221 

Starr,  8.  A 1285 

State  Ins.  Co 730 

Staver,  G.  W 1225 

Stearns,  L.  B 721 

Stebinger,  Eugene 377 

Steel,  George  A 870 

Steel,  James 861 

Steel,  Wm.  G 588 

Steeples,  Perren 840 

Steffen,  John  F 1220 

Steffen,  Michael 1220 

Steiner,  David 881 

Stephens,  J.  B 400 

Stephens,  Phoibe  A 1212 

Stevens,  D.W.  &  Co 1378 

Stevens,  J.  H 301 

Steward,  J.  L 709 

Stewart,  Charles 454 

Stewart,  D.  C 805 

Stewart,  M.  W 290 

Stone,  Jerry 1220 

8touffer,Jon ■. 671 

Stout,  David 1206 

Stout,  Francis 803 

Stout,  Lansing 017 

Slowell,  A.  W 1204 

Strahan,  U.  S 549 

Straight,  H.  A 435 

Stratlon,  C.  C 340 

Strong,  C.  C 1227 

Sirowbridge,  J.  A 801) 

Stump,  Duvid 942 

Stump,  J.  B 007 

Sturges,  Ira  B 503 

Sullivan,  T.  W 394 

Summers,  Owen 1230 

SwalTord,  E.  W 385 

Swilzer,  D.  J 500 

8ymons,T.  W 0U9 

T 

Talbert,  J.  A 419 

Talbot,  Sarah  A 249 

Tanner,  A.  H 594 

Tate,  J.  P 042 

Taylor,  D.W 720 

Taylor,  P.  L Oil 

Taylor,  G.  W 317 

Taylor,  James 550 

Taylor,  Peter 425 

Taylor,  Robert 324 

Terwilliger,  H 471 

Terwilliger,  James 413 

Thayer,  J.  A 391 

Thayer,  W.  W 1234 

Tbielsen,  H 053 

Thing,  George 037 

Thompson,  I).  P 253 

Thompson,  J.  1 727 

Thompson,  John 810 

Thompson,  Lewis  C 941 

Thompson,  U.  Q 507 

Thompson,  U..N m 

Thompson,  T 1234 

Thorns,  Miss  II.  0 1270 

Thornton,  Jamei 501 

Thornton,  H.  H 548 

Thorp,  T.  C 486 


Thorson,  J.  B 1371 

Thurmau,  Wm 8l2 

Thurston,  George  H 1272 

Thurston,  S.  K 476 

Tigard,  \V.  M 570 

Todd,  Jon 1273 

Tonur,  J.  G 863 

Toney,  W.  L 852 

Tongue,  T.  H 403 

Tooze,  W.  L 444 

Torbet,  David 750 

Towiiaend,  I.  S 1290 

Tracy,  G.  II 1393 

Tracy,  J.  M 674 

Train,  S.  8 743 

Travelers'  Ins.  Co 440 

Trenchard,  C.J 537 

Trullinger,  O.  J 1305 

Truliinger,  J.  C 1206 

Tucker,  Thomas 700 

Tucker,  Wm 286 

Turner,  T.  I. 1241 

Tustin,  C.  S 1340 

Tutthill,  H.J 331 

Tweedale,  W.  C 809 

V 

Vanduyn,  J.  M 480 

Van  Scoy,  Thos 487 

Van  Slyck,  E.  M 354 

Van  Vranken,  E 530 

Varwig,  T.  P 1341 

Vaughan,  W.  H 1343 

Vaughan.J.S 443 

Vawter,  W.  1 504 

Veatch,  H.  C 1338 

Vernon,  John 1303 

W 

Waddel,  A.  M 1379 

Wade,  W.  L 1357 

Wadhams,  Wm 577 

Wadsworth,  F.  M 406 

Waggener,  W 1258 

Wait,  A.E 651 

Wail,  T.  B 708 

Walden,  N.  O 1394 

Walker,  C.  C 833 

Walker,  Mary  K 898 

Walker,  J.  P 12IM 

Walker,  N.  ,T :....  571 

Walker,  U.  II 074 

Walker,  W.  M 679 

Wallace,  h.  M 931 

Wallace,  W.  G 744 

Walter,  Clark 545 

Walter,  George 1340 

Walton,  .1.  J 703 

Ward,  J.  P 307 

Ward,  T.  A 569 

Ware,  Joel 1246 

Warner,  Arthur 1247 

Warren,  M.  S 343 

Warren,  Wm.  E 1398 

Warren,  W.  L 1399 

Washburne,  C.  W 535 

Wassom,  Jon 708 

Waters,  J.  M 1251 

Watson,  C.  B 1251 

Watson,  E.  B 1337 

Watson,  J.  F 1238 

Watts,  M.  M 333 

Weinhard,  Henry 844 


CONTENTS. 


Welch,  J.  W 4C5 

Welch,  Jobu 1244 

Wells,  W.r. 12U 

Welty,  E.  J 571 

West,  P.  H 921 

West,  N.  K 375 

Westncolt,  W.  G 1283 

Weizell,  W.  A 1284 

Wheeler,  ,Iason 1236 

Whitaker,  G (i02 

White,  E.  D 1249 

White,  Henry 1249 

White,  S.  8 1295 

White,  W.  L 407 

Whiteaker,  B.  F 878 

Whiteaker,  D.J 880 

Whiteaker,  G.  W 1299 

Whillock,  W.  T 2i)r) 

Whitlock,  Wm 1250 

Whitman,  J.  1) 1298 

Whitman,  Mrs.  E 318 

Whitman,  S.  S 3l8 

Whitney,  C.  H 872 

Whitney,  .T.  ,T 1269 

Whitney,  Kobt 12C9 

Wiberg,  C.  M 1281 

Wigg,  George 370 

Wilbern,  Henry 007 

Wiley,  H.  E 071 

Wilkins,  Charles 421 


Williams,  C.  C 281 

Williams,  George 1255 

Williams,  G.  II 781 

Williams,  L.  L 737 

Williams,  Ulchard 843 

Williams,  Samuel 892 

Williams,  S.  H 253 

Williams,  W.  W 1288 

Williams,  W.  E 802 

Willis,  O.  L 1288 

AVilloughby,  M.  E 1259 

Wilmot,  M.  L 511 

Wilmol,  a  P 927 

Wilson,  G 604 

Wilson,  John 853 

AVilson,  H.  D 898 

Wilson,  Wm 593 

Wineset,  C.  P 208 

Winsor,  Benj 838 

Wing,  C.  E 294 

Wingate,  G 555 

Wisdom,  J.  T 907 

Wisdom,  J.  W 250 

Wise,  A.  J 038 

Wisecarver,  J 823 

Wolverton,  John 690 

Wood,  Frank 1254 

Wood,  L.  S 254 

Wood,  T.  A 909 

Wood,Z.  W 1286 


Woods,  L.  N 836 

Woodward,  Q 683 

Woodward,  T 850 

Wortman,  C.  F 1223 

Wortman,  Jacob 1253 

Wren,  Michael  430 

Wrenn,  S.  E 1040 

Wright,  D 400 

Wright,  E.  J 715 

Wright,  Elsia 1017 

Wright,  J.  A 1285 

Wright,  Z.  T 717 

Writsman,  .1.  0 713 

Wyalt,  J.  B 332 

Wygant,  Theo 380 

Y 

Young,  Benj 487 

Young,  F.  G 748 

Y'oung,  J.  C 283 

Young,  J.  CJ.  A 959 

Young,  8.  A 1287 

Y'oung,  8.  E 884 

Z 

Zimmerman,  David 033 

Zumwalt,  C.  P 825 


\ 


STOI^Y  OF  OPGON, 


CHAPTER  I. 

TOPOGRAPHY  AND  GEOLOGY. 

General  Desceiition — Oiast  Region — Oascade  Range — Willamette  Valley — Blue  Moun- 
tains—Great Interior  Valley — Klamath  Plateau — Volcanic  Upheavals— Volcanic 
Rocks — Glacial  Action— Volcanoes — Lava  Beds — Formation  In  Blue  Mountains — Lava 
Plains  of  Snake  Rivkk — Scip^ntific  Statement — The  Region  ok  The  Columbia — Fos!»il 
Beds. 


'  0  present  such  a  picture  of  tbe  region 
of  Oregon  as  will  make  it  possible  for  the 
general  reader  to  understand  the  country, 
it  will  be  necessary  first  to  give  a  brief  de- 
scription of  its  topography. 

Oregon,  in  general,  topographically,  is  a 
series  of  deep  valleys  and  lofty  mountain  ranges, 
extending  northward  and  southward  through 
the  entire  State,  The  exceptions  to  this  state- 
ment are  some  lateral  spurs  of  mountains  that 
at  a  point  or  two  project  almost  perpendicularly 
to  the  course  of  the  main  ranges,  constituting 
the  water-sheds  between  the  streams  that  flow 
northward  into  the  Columbia,  or  southward  into 
the  Sacramento,  and  the  lakes  of  the,  great  in- 
terior basin.  From  an  elevated  volcanic  plain 
lying  along  and  near  the  43°  of  latitude,  and 
cutting  the  entire  State  from  east  to  west,  the 
drift  of  the  valleys  is  northward  to  the  great 
drain  of  the  Columbia  river,  which  is  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  State.  This  portion 
may  be  iirst  considered,  as  it  is  much  the  larger 
and  more  valuable  part  of  the  State. 

Fixing  our  initial  stake  at  tbe  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  river,  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
State,  we  find  first,  closely  pressing  the  Pacific 


coast,  the  Coast  Range  of  mountaiiii*.  This 
range  has  a  width  east  and  west  generally  of 
about  thirty  miles,  and  extends  coastwise  the 
entire  width  of  the  State,  crowding  its  rocky 
feet  everywhere  into  the  spray  of  the  ocean.  It 
is  densely  timbered,  hardly  any  pinnacle  ri.?ing 
too  high  to  produce  the  grandest  tirs,  cedars 
and  larch,  with  some  higher  summits.  The 
average  altitude  of  this  range  may  be  put  at 
about  four  or  five  thousand  feet.  It  breaks 
gradually  down  eastward  from  its  summit 
ridge  into  long  slopes,  separated  by  clear 
mountain  streams,  then  into  rounded  foot-hills, 
crowned  with  oaks  and  firs,  until  the  hills  melt 
away  into  the  verdure  of  the  Willamette  valley. 
From  the  summit  of  this  range  eastward, 
as  the  crow  flies,  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  miles,  that  of  the  great  Cascade  range  is 
reached.  Like  the  others  this  range  cuts  the 
State  from  north  to  south.  It  is  much  the 
higher,  broader,  and  grander  range.  Its  aver- 
age width  is  not  less  than  eighty  miles,  and  its 
average  altitude  not  below  nine  thousand  feet. 
Crowning  this  mighty  ridge,  at  intervals  of 
fifty  or  more  miles,  great  snowy  summits, 
rising   from   three  to  five  thousand  feet  above 


11 


HisTonr  OF  onKiuiN. 


% 


tile  line  "f  perpetual  ^in()\v,  dome  the  dark  uvor- 
greeii  t'orestf*  lli:it  eover  tlie   niii^'e. 

Jietweeii  tliese  two  iiioiiiitain  rfiiif^^es  lies  tlie 
^roat  \alley  of  the  Willainelte,  a  liundred  and 
Ht'ty  miles  loii^f  and  fifty  miles  widii.  -tlie  gem 
and  ghny  "I'  tlie  I'aeitic  coast.  The  eharacter 
and  value  of  this  valley  agriculturally  and  iii- 
dut'trially  is  discussed  elsewhere,  and  we  speak 
of  it  here  only  in  its  topographical  relations  to 
the  dominating  geological  conditions  of  the 
i'(>i,'ion  in  which  it  is  such  an  interesting  ele- 
ment. 

Taking  our  stand  once  more  on  the  summit 
ot  the  Cascade  range  we  look  still  eastward 
over  a  vast,  thouijh  hroken  and  seared  valley, 
150  miles  wide,  against  the  slopes  and  pinna- 
cles of  the  Blue  mountains.  This  range  has 
the  same  north  and  south  trend  as  the  others, 
though  as  its  sunthward  extension  ap])roache6 
the  southern  line  of  Orcjion  it  breaks  down 
into  spurs  and  isolated  huttes,  and  finally  ter- 
minates in  the  great  volcanic  plateau  along  the 
43'  parallel  of  latitude.  Through  this  great 
depression  hetwceii  the  Cascade  and  Bine 
Mountains,  two  rivers,  the  Des  Chutes  on  its 
western  and  the  .lohn  Day  on  its  eastern  side, 
run  northward  into  the  Columhia. 

Still  eastward,  for  100  miles  from  the  main 
ridge  of  the  iilue  mountains  to  the  eastern  line 
of  the  State,  stretches  a  (country  quite  unlike 
that  west  of  that  I'ange.  It  is  a  region  of  val- 
leys separated  liy  detrached  mountain  ridges 
and  traced  by  small  rivers,  vhich,  while  Iniving 
the  same  northward  flow  as  those  before  men- 
tioned, enter  Snake  river  far  above  its  junction 
with  the  ('olumbia,  and  within  its  great  volcanic 
valley  that  extends  from  the  Blue  mountains  to 
the  Bocky  mountains  a  distance  of  nearly  1,000 
miles.  These  valleys  and  mountain  ranges 
have  topogra])hically  or  geologically  little  in 
common  with  those  of  tl.^  western  and  middle 
portions  of  the  State. 

It  is  needful  that  we  now  go  southward  and 
take  our  observations  from  the  great  Klamath 
plateau,  that  constitutes  the  separation  between 
the  ncjrth  flowing  and  south  and  west  Howing 


waters  of  Oregon.  This  sweeps  eastward  from 
the  east  fojt  of  the  Cascade  range,  on  a  width 
of  a  degree  of  latitude,  at  least  200  miles.  It 
is  a  vast  region  of  lakes,  many  of  t'nem  without 
outlet,  yet  absorbing  tiie  constant  inflow  of  con- 
siderable rivers;  of  great  marshes  once  them- 
selves greater  lakes;  of  seamed  and  bent  and 
broken  lava  ])lainH,  and  all  elevated  5,000  or 
(5,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Out  of  its  western 
rim  flow  Kogue  and  Klamath  rivers,  which 
make  their  way  directly  through  all  in,;erveiMng 
mountain  barriers  to  tlie  Pacific  ocean  200 
miles  away.  Here  are  also  the  springs  of  the 
Sacramento,  which  courses  tiie  greatest  valley 
of  (California  and  finds  its  way  to  the  sea 
through  the  Golden  Gate,  500  miles  to  the 
south. 

This  brief  description  of  the  topography  of 
the  State  will,  perhaps,  prepare  the  reader's 
mind  to  understarid  the  peculiar  geological  con- 
ditions and  changes  that  have  marked  the  dif- 
ferent portions  of  the  State  better  than  he  oth- 
erwise could.  lie  will  also  see  why  a  descrij)- 
tion  of  our  part  of  Oregon  is  not  a  description 
of  another  part  either  as  to  soil,  climate,  or 
protluction. 

In  general  it  may  be  said  that  the  monntaiu 
ranges  of  (h'egon  are  volcanic  upheavals;  the 
mighty  bending  upward  of  the  crust  of  the 
earth's  surface  when  its  inborn  fire.s  were  lashed 
to  unwanted  fury  in  some  stormy  age  of  old 
eternity.  The  western  valleys,  and  especially 
Willamette,  were  doubtless  formed  by  this  up- 
heaval of  its  enclosing  ranges,  leaving  the  floor 
of  the  surface  here  comparatively  undisturbed. 
This  really  rests  on  a  foundation  of  a(|Ueou8 
rock  of  nnmeasnrod  thickness,  on  which  the 
alluvial  matter  which  forms  its  soils  has  been 
deposited.  With  this  there  are,  in  many  places, 
deep  deposits  of  water-worn  pebbles  and  strati- 
fled  sand,  which  were  made  at  an  era  much 
more  modern  than  that  of  the  underlying  sand- 
stone. These  water-marked  deposits  are  clearly 
traced  in  the  eroded  l)anks  of  the  rivers,  and  in 
the  cloven  face  of  some  of  the  mountains  of  the 
(-oast  Range,  and  on  the  western  slopes  of  the 


K 


HISTORY    OF    (iltEnON. 


Vt 


Cascade  range,  where  tlin  ancient  crii8t  was 
broken  Uy  the  upheaving  forces  that  lifted  the 
ranges  out  of  their  ancient  levels.  These  de- 
posits of  sand  and  pebhles  and  water-worn  rocks 
register  an  era  when  an  older  sea  covered  all 
westward  of  the  Cascaile  range:  certainly,  if, 
indeed,  wliere  it  is  now  that  range,  was  not,  in 
common  with  the  Coast  liange,  deep  beneath  the 
waters.  It  is  useless  to  endeavor  to  identify 
these  changes  chronologically,  as  creation  in  its 
being  and  in  its  mutations  writes  its  historic 
days  in  millennials  of  age,  and  thns  puts  our 
conception  of  time,  drawn  as  it  is  from  human 
experience  and  human  history  entirely  at  fault. 

The  volcHnic  rocks  on  the  western  slope  of  the 
Cascade  mountains,  in  the  Willamette  valley 
and  ia  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains,  appear 
only  occassionally,  and  can  scarcely  be  called 
characteristic.  When  they  do  appear  they  seem 
to  be  an  overflow  westward  of  a  great  lava  out- 
put of  the  Cascade  range,  or  the  product  of  local 
volcanic  upheavals  which  pushed  up  the  isolated 
buttes  of  the  upper  portion  of  the  valley  at  a 
time  coeval  with  the  formation  of  the  moun- 
tain ranges.  They  exist  mainly  in  scattered 
scoriaceous  rooks,  or  in  ledges  and  peaks  of 
columnar  basalt,  superimposed  on  sandstone, 
trachyte,  or  resting  on  miocene  strata. 

Of  course,  in  indicating*  the  forces  that  formed 
this  now  verdant  valley,  glacial  action  must  not 
be  forgotten.  Far  extending  moraines  and  wide 
glaciated  surfaces  tell  the  story  of  the  far-away 
eras  when  these  mighty  ice-plows  furrowed 
and  planed  down  the  broken  face  of  the  earth's 
crust,  and  smoothed  it  into  its  now  beauteous 
vales.  The  story  of  their  old  movements  is 
recorded  very  plainly  on  these  surfaces,  and  the 
relics  of  their  wider  existence  are  yet  living  in 
the  moving  ice-fields  of  Monnt  Hood  and  the 
other  mighty  cones  of  the  Cascade  range. 

Enough  has  already  been  said  to  indicate  to 
the  careful  reader  that  the  Cascade  mountains 
are  of  volcanic  formation.  Tlie  great  snow 
peaks  are  all  volcanoes.  They  are  called  ex- 
tinct, though  some  of  them,  notably  Mount 
Hood  south  of  the  Columbia  and  St.   Helen's 


north  of  it,  are  yet  smoking,  and  on  the  south- 
ern slo|)e  of  the  former  are  great  masses  of 
heated  rocks,  and  an  ever  steaming  crater.  The 
great  snuuiut  intervals  between  these  peaks 
are  generally  granitic  rock,  covered  with  a  deep 
vegetable  soil,  intermixed  with  decayed  granite. 
IJut  from  these  peaks  vast  streams  of  molten 
lava  have  poured,  flowing  mainly  eastward,  and 
spreading  over  the  entire  country  between  the 
Cascade  and  Blue  mountains,  from  a  few  inches 
to  hundreds  of  feet  in  thickness.  In  fact,  there 
were  many  successive  overflows,  as  on  the  broken 
faces  of  the  clitfs  clearly  defined  lines  of  sirati- 
tication  are  prt'sented  inure  numerous  as  we  a|)- 
proach  the  great  summits  that  were  their  foun- 
tain. The  greatest  outflow  in  Oregon  was  in 
the  middle  of  the  range,  about  half-way  from 
the  Columbia  river  to  the  Klamath  plateau,  and 
thence  southward  and  eastward,  including  the 
great  Modoc  lava  beds,  forever  made  historic 
as  the  scene  of  the  Modoc  Indian  war.  Thence 
the  molton  iron  sea  rolled  eastward  and  north- 
ward, overlying  the  whole  country,  drinking 
up  the  rivers,  shearing  ofli'  the  forests,  and  seiz- 
ing a  nightly  holocaust  of  animal  life  in  its  de- 
vouring maw.  For  ages,  how  long  no  one  can 
know,  this  great  lava  plain,  first  red  and  hot 
and  simmering,  then  black  and  cold,  rending 
itself  into  deep  chasms  in  its  slow  cooling,  lay 
out  under  the  stars  without  vegetable  or  animal 
life,  almost  without  springlet  or  dewdrop,  to 
cool  or  soften  its  black  and  rugged  face.  The 
fires  of  the  volcanoes  at  length  burned  lo«'. 
The  mountain  summits  cooled.  A  few  stray 
clouds  floated  over  the  Cascade  range.  A  few 
drops  of  rain  touched  the  iron  surface  of  the 
earth  with  their  imprisoned  might.  Showers  fol- 
lowed. The  springs  that  fountain, rivers  began 
to  bubble  from  beneath  the  cloven  lava  beds,  and 
search  out  an  open  way  seaward  through  tlieir 
broken  chasms.  And  thus  th6  changes  of  the 
ages  went  on.  The  basalts  were  groimd  to  pow- 
der in  the  mills  of  the  streams.  The  old  sur- 
faces over  which  the  lava  had  once  spread,  were 
cut  into  valleys,  hundreds  of  feet  deep.  Fecund 
.soils  were  deposited.     Vegetation  sprang  forth 


I(i 


niSToliV    Oh'    ORKGON. 


ngain.  Aiiinitkl  life  found  food  and  drink  Hod 
shelter,  imd  Htill  the  clmnges  went  on.  Froct 
and  snow  and  riiindrop  and  stormy  winds  and 
burning  suns  wrought  the  miracK'  of  a  new 
genesis,  leaving  a  field  in  winch  Nature  has 
written  tlie  most  legiltle  and  astonishing  records 
of  her  procesBes  and  her  powers. 

{'roceedinji;  eastward  from  the  points  indi- 
cated in  the  ])rec'ediiig  paragraph,  the  Blue 
monntain  range  |)resent8  a  wonderful  conglom- 
eration ot  hasalts,  granite,  slate,  sandstone,  with 
vast  Ueds  of  stratified  sand  and  water-worn 
graxel.  In  places  one  forniation  predominates, 
in  other  places  some  other  formation,  and  then 
again  several  of  them  apjtcar  intermixed,  or 
overlying  one  another.  It  is  evident  that  the 
heat  attending  the  volcanic  action  that  lifted 
this  vast  riilge  to  its  present  position  was  great 
enough  to  cause  perfect  fusion  in  only  n  few 
places;  while  yet  tlie  forces  l)elow  were  mighty 
enough  to  cause  the  wonderful  and  weird  dis- 
placements of  the  primitive  rocks  so  often  ar- 
resting the  observant  eye  in  this  wonderful 
range.  One  hour  the  traveler  among  these 
mountains  will  he  passing  over  scoriated  basalt, 
or  along  cliifs  of  basaltic  columns,  the  ne.xt 
amo!ig  great  granite  boulders  or  over  gray 
granite  pinnacles,  then  over  miles  of  aqueous 
deposits  in  the  form  of  stratified  sandstone  or 
stratified  beds  of  sand  and  gravel  intermixed; 
or  ai'ain  slate  slopes  and  hillsides  will  arrest 
his  eye,  until  he  is  lost  in  the  wilderment  of 
his  strange  surroundings. 

The  Blue  mountains  margin  on  the  west  the 
great  lava  plains  of  Snake  river  valley.  Only 
a  small  part  of  that  valley  ia  in  the  State  of 
Oregon,  and  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  extend  ob- 
servations in  regard  to  it.  It  may  simply  be 
stated  that  the  volcanic  conditions,  so  plainly 
marked  in  the  Cascade  and  Blue  mountains, 
and  the  valley  intervening  between  them,  con- 
tinue and  are  intensified  as  we  enter  the  great 
upper  valley  of  Snake  river,  which  lies  mostly 
in  the  State  of  Idaho,  which  wad  once  the 
mightiest  scene  of  volcanic  action  on  the  Amer- 
ican continent,  if  not  in  the  world.     As  a  few_ 


miles  only  of  this  vast  lava  plain  fall  within  the 
limits  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  we  can  dismiss 
its  marvels    with  these  few  general  statements. 

Perhaps,  however,  we  should  not  dismiss  the 
whole  subject  of  the  geology  of  this  most  inter- 
esting region,  with  these  general  statements  for 
the  lay  reader,  without  some  more  distinctly 
scientific  d  for  the  benefit   of  the    more 

technical  er  and    student.     For    him  geol- 

ogy would  >\,-,te  about  the  following  liistory  of 
the  conditions  and  changes  of  untohl  ages  and 
marvelous  processes  through  which  this  won- 
derful Oregon  world  was  being  formed. 

For  an  immense  period  before  the  existence 
of  the  Coast  and  Cascade  Ranges  of  mountains, 
the  primeval  ocean  washed  the  western  shores 
of  the  great  Rock  monntain  chain,  and  through- 
out the  palaeozoic  era  and  the  whole  Triassic 
and  J  uras.sic  periods  of  the  Mesozoicerannmer- 
0U8  rivers  kept  bringing  down  debris  until  an 
enormously  thick  mass  of  off-shore  deposits 
had  accumulated.  This  marginal  sea-bottom 
became  the  scene  of  intense  aqueous-igneous 
action  in  its  deeply  buried  strata,  producing 
aline  of  wrackness,  which,  yielding  to  the  hori- 
zontal thrust  produced  by  the  secular  contrac- 
tion of  the  interior  of  the  earth,  was  crushed 
together  and  swollen  upward  into  the  Cascade 
and  Sierra  Nevada  range  at  the  close  of  tlie 
Jurassic  period.  The  range  thus  produced  was 
not  of  very  great  height.  It  existed  for  un- 
known centuries;  the  scene  of  erosion  and 
plant-growth,  roamed  over  by  the  now  extinct 
fauna  of  the  ('retaceous  and  Tertiary  periods. 
It  was  coml)ed  by  forests  of  conifers  and  oaks. 
Then  followed  the  great  lava-flow  and  uplift  of 
the  mountain  range  of  the  modern  Cascades. 
Beneath  the  overlying  lava,  where  the  Colum- 
bia breaks  through  the  barriers  of  this  great 
range  there  is  foun<l  along  the  waters  edge,  and 
for  nearly  twenty  feet  upward,  a  coarse  con- 
glomerate of  rounded  porphyritic  pebbles  and 
boulders  of  all  sizes  up  to  six  feet  in  diameter, 
held  together  by  an  imperfectly  lithified  earthly 
paste.  Above  the  conglomerate  is  a  very  dis- 
tinct, though  irregular  ground  surface  bed,  in 


UlSTOllY    OF    vitmoN. 


17 


wliiuli  arc  found  silicitiud  MtiiinpH  witli  routs  ox- 
tenditig  twenty  I'eet  and  penetrating  into  the 
huiilder  material  l>eiieatli  evidently  in  »itu.  llest- 
ing  directly  on  this  forest  groiind-rturface,  and 
tiierefore  inelusing  the  erect  stuniptt,  is  a  layer  of 
stratified  Handstune,  two  or  tlir«ie  feet  thick,  tilled 
with  beiiiitiliil  and  |)orfect  inipresdiouK  of  leaves 
of  several  kinds  of  forest  trees,  possibly  of  the 
very  trees  about  whoso  silicitied  bases  they  are 
found.  Above  this  leaf- bearing  stratum  rests 
a  coarse  conglomerate  similiar  to  that  be- 
neath at  the  water  level.  Scattered  about  in 
the  lower  part  of  this  upper  conglomerate,  and 
in  the  stratified  sandstoue,  and  sometimes  lying 
in  the  dirt  beneath  it,  fragments  of  silicitied 
driftwood  are  found.  Above  this  last  co.i- 
glomerate,  and  resting  upon  it,  rise  the  layers 
of  lava,  mostly  columnar  basalt,  one  above  an- 
other to  a  height  of  3,000  feet.  From  these 
facts  the  following  order  of  oveuts  are  deduced: 
The  region  of  the  Columbia  river  was  a  forest, 
probably  a  valley,  overgrown  by  coniters  and 
oaks.  The  subsoil  was  a  coarse  boulder  drift 
produced  by  erosion  of  some  older  rocks.  An 
excess  of  water  came  on,  either  by  floods  or 
changes  of  level,  and  tile  trees  were  killed,  their 
leaves  shed  and  buried  in  mud,  and  their  trunks 
rotted  to  stumps.  Then  came  on  a  tumultuous 
and  rapid  deposit  of  coarse  drift,  containing 
driftwood,  which  covered  up  the  ground  and  the 
still  remaining  stumps  to  a  depth  of  several 
iinndred  feet.  The  surface  thus  formed  was 
eroded  into  hills  and  dales,  and  then  followed 
the  outburst  of  lava  in  successive  Hows,  and  tnc 
silification  of  the  wood  and  fermentation  of  the 
drift  by  the  percolation  of  the  hot  alkaline 
waters  containing  silica.  Finally  followed  the 
process. of  erosion  by  which  the  present  streams, 
channels  and  valleys,  whetherniain  or  tributary, 
are  cut  to  their  enormous  depth.  The  great 
masses  of  sediment  sent  down  to  the  sea  by  the 
erosion  of  the  primary  Cascade  range,  forming 
a  thick  offshore  deposit,  gave  rise  in  turn  at  the 
end  of  the  Miocene  to  the  upheaval  of  the  Coast 
Range,  the  Cascade  mountains  being  at  the  same 
time  rent  along  the  axis  into  enormous  fissures 


from  which  out  poured  the  grand  lava  Hoods, 
building  the  mountains  iiigiicr  and  t'overln<^ 
the  country  fur  great  dlKtanccs.  This  is  proli- 
ably  the  grandest  lava  flow  known  to  geology, 
covering  as  it  does  an  area  of  not  less  than  200,- 
000  square  miles.  It  covers  the  greati-T  portion 
of  north  n  California  and  northwcslurn  Nev»da, 
nearly  tho  whole  of  Oregon.  Washington  and 
Idaho,  and  runs  far  into  IVitisii  Columbia  on 
the  north.  Its  average  thickness  is  2,000  feet 
and  the  greatest  (shown  where  the  Columbia, 
Des  Chutes,  Snake  and  other  rive^^  cut  through 
it)  4,000  feet.  To  produce  this,  many  successive 
flows  took  place,  and  great  periods  of  time 
ela]>sed  during  wiiicli  this  volcanic  action  con- 
tinued. During  the  period  of  these  Cascade 
eruptions,  the  Coast  range  was  being  slowly  ele- 
vated, and  became  in  turn  the  scene  of  local 
volcanic  action,  though  not  very  severe. 

At  last  the  great  fissure  eruptions  drew  to  a 
close.  Tho  ttssures  became  blocked  up.  The 
volcanic  action  became  confine<!  to  a  few  local- 
ities. The  period  of  crater  eruptions  followed. 
This  continued  for  a  long  time — almost  to  our 
own  day.  These  crater  eruptions  built  up  the 
great  snowy  peaks. 

By  the  formation  of  the  Cascade  a  great  in- 
terior basin  was  made,  the  waters  of  which  col- 
lected into  secondary  reservoirs,  some  of  very 
large  extent,  and  which  were  at  length  carried 
ofT  by.  the  rivers  which  have  cut  their  way  from 
the  interior  to  the  sea.  The  Columbia  and  its 
tributaries  drained  the  northern  part  of  this  im- 
mense basin,  and  at  this  period  doubtless  the 
great  Salt  Lake  of  Utah  found  its  outlet  to  the 
sea  by  the  Snake  and  Columbia  rivers.  Thence 
came  the  lava  floods,  whose  great  Hows  have 
since  been  worn  av  -y  in  places,  exposing  the 
tertiary  and  cretacious  beds,  and  revealing  the 
former  conditions  of  the  region  by  the  fossils 
found  therein.  At  the  end  of  the  Miocene  the 
lava  flows  from  the  Cascade  fissures  commenced, 
but  it  was  long  before  they  reached  the  entire 
extent  of  the  basins  of  Oregon,  which  continued 
to  exist  and  be  endowed  with  life  well  into  the 
Pliocene, 


18 


niSTORV    OF    OIlKdOS. 


The  ])riiici|ml    forest  beds    of    tlie  State  are  liave  left  inarkeil   evidences  of  tlieir  existence. 

tboBe   of  .lohn    |)ay,   I>es    (JIuitew  and  (irande  Such  in  the  otory  of  tlie  geologic  agei*  tliroii^li 

Konde  coiiiitrics  and  Uhristnias  Lake  in  Hoiillicrn  wiiieii  and  out  of  whidi  ^row,  out  of  the  fonn- 

()rei;on.      Tiie   (Hacial,  Ghani|)lain   and  Sierra  lettd  and  tiie  vutil  tiiiii  wonderful  Oregon. 

epocitH  are  well  illuHtrated  in  aeveral  places,  and  j 


■      ■■•  "*(!,'  I*  •!  •  >*^  "*" 


ciiAPTEit  ir. 

CLIMATE  AND  raoUUCTIONS. 

I.vtr.i'K.NCK  OK  TiiK  ToiMiiKAi'itY — Wkst  OK  Casoades — East  ok  tiik  Casoadeb — Oceav  OuKKjrNTs — 
Tke.no  ok  the  Vai,i.e\'8 — Pretailino  Winds — Modikyino  Facth-  Ei.hVATioN  of  Intekiok — • 
IlEAi.riiKti.NKss —  PKonuiTioNs—  IIow  Detkbminek — Soii-8— -  IJASAr/rir  Pkkvaii.ino —  Inex- 
iiAisfriui.K.NESs — Son,  ok  Wim.ametie  Vallev — I'ai'kk  ok  State  CiiEMis'r — Pwjoutniutjs 
Grains — Fruits — Meats^— Fish — (ioi.o  Mineh — Iron — Timiikb. 


CI.niATE. 

5N  writinj;  of  the  climate  of  Oregon,  if  we  can 
persuade  the  reader  to  keep  in  mind  the  fact 
that  what  is  said  of  one  division  of  tlie  State 
will  not  apply  to  any  other  division  any  more 
than  it  woiilil  to  Greenland  or  Alabama,  we 
ghall  have  gone  a  long  way  toward  making  our- 
iielves  understood.  Its  topographical  divisions 
mark  and  differentiate  its  climatic  conditions. 

The  climate  of  that  part  of  Oregon  extending 
from  the  western  slope  of  the  Cascade  mountains 
to  the  Pacific  ocean  is  equable,  the  thermome- 
ter seldom  rising  above  90"  in  the  hottest  days 
of  the  summer,  nor  falling  below  20°  in  the 
winter.  It  would  be  called  moist,  and  yet  a 
registry  of  twenty  years  would  not  show  more 
than  oiie-tliird  of  the  days  in  which  any  moist- 
ure fell,  nor  a  greater  average  yearly  rainfall 
than  Philadelphia;  or  from  forty-four  to  fifty- 
four  inches,  and  that  in  the  extreme  northwest- 
ern part  of  the  State,  which  is  the  most  humid 
of  all.  Such  are  the  equable  climatic  conditions 
of  this  portion  of  the  State  that  thunder-storins, 
cyclones   and    tornadoes   are  unknown.     Wlmt 


makes  the  climato  seem  more  humid  than  tha 
of  Piiiladelphia,  or  even  of  Iowa,  is.  the  most 
of  the  rainfall  of  its  western  valleys- -the  Willa- 
mette, Umpqua  and  Uogne  river — occurs  in  the 
four  months  from  November  to  March,  while 
three  or  four  months,  from  Jnne  to  (^ctol)€r, 
arc  almost  entirely  rainless. 

Middle  and  eastern  Oregon  are  much  dryer, 
hotter  in  summer  and  colder  in  winter,  than  the 
western  section.  Probably  from  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Cascade  mountains  to  the  eastern 
line  of  the  State,  in  not  one  day  in  ten  for  the 
year  around  is  there  any  moisture-fall.  Excep- 
tions to  this  statement  must  be  made  in  regard 
to  some  of  the  valleys  locked  within  the  sum- 
mits of  the  monntain  ranges,  where  local  causes 
operate,  especially  during  the  spring  and  early 
summer  months,  to  produce  a  greater  rainfall. 
This  region  of  deep  valleys,  and  high,  treeless 
hills,  intervaled  with  long,  rolling  slopes. covered 
with  grass,  has  spread  out  over  it  for  days,  and 
even  months  together,  a  sky  of  clearest  bine, 
without  a  cloud  to  shade  it,  through  which  the 
great  sun  rolls  his  ciiariot  of  fire  by  day,  and  in 
whicli  the  stars  of  night  glitter  and  Hash  witli 


llhtroKY    iiF    OHHdOS. 


IV 


u  brilliancy  and  lieiiuty  iinriviilcd  in  any  other 
land.  Tliu  excuedin^  dryness  and  raret'actiuii 
of  I  he  atm(jH|)lmn'  rertiiUinif  tVoiii  the  j^reat  aver- 
u^i!  elevation  of  the  eonntry,  niaktt  therniomot- 
rical  changes  a?  nioBtunnotiuuahlu;  and  thoiiKhthu 
mercury  may  mark  90'',  or  even  100".  or  may 
fall  to  0",  or  even  to  IH'  bohjw,  one  little  feels 
the  chango,  and  soon  coroea  to  realize  that  to 
htiman  life  these  decrrees  on  the  glass  tube  do 
not  indicate  his  own  personal  comforts  or  dis- 
comforts at  all. 

Though  the  climatic  conditiotis  of  these  two 
portions  of  the  State  are  so  diverse  on  the 
meteorological  record,  each  has  its  own  '^pecific 
elements  of  excellence,  and  the  peorld  who  re- 
side in  each  are  loud  in  their  jiraise  of  their 
own.  Hence  wo  conclude  that  bpth  are  alike 
good,  although  their  goodness  is  not  alike. 

A  study  of  the  climatology  of  Oregon  will, 
we  think,  disclose  two  predominant  causes  modi- 
fying climatic  conditions  and  giving  the  climate 
in  different  sections  its  interesting  and  excellent 
individuality.  The  first  is  the  course  and 
strength  of  the  warm  oceanic  current  that 
sweeps  across  the  Pacific  fro  ,,  die  coasts  of 
Japan,  and  striking  the  American  coai-t  well  up 
toward  the  Arctic  seas,  sweeps  southward,  a 
mighty  ocean  river,  clear  down  the  Oregon 
coast,  touching  and  roftening  the  air  with  its 
warm  and  gentle  breath.  Not  only  does  it 
warm  the  atmospiiere  above  it,  but  it  sends  into 
the  welcoming  skies  an  increased  volume  of 
evaporation,  which  is  borne  eastward  by  the 
warm  southwestern  winds,  until  these  winds 
touch  the  colder  summits  of  the  mountain 
ranges,  where  their  burden  of  moisture  is  con- 
densed into  raindrops  which  come  down  in 
showers  on  tlie  thirsty  fields  and  plains.  These 
causes  are  perpetual,  not  accidental.  They  have 
operated  since  che  ocean  rolled.  While  the  con- 
tinents stand  above  the  floods  of  the  seas  they 
must  continue;  and  continuing,  this  must  re- 
main the  most  favored  of  landt:. 

The  other  very  obvious  cause  of  this  condi- 
tion of  climate  is  ihe  trend  of  the  valleys  and 
iiKuiiitain  range."       This,  as  our  readers  have 


seen,  is  north  antl  south.  This  gives  direction 
to  the  land-winds,  or  rather  to  the  sca-wimls 
after  they  strike  the  land.  Cniniiig  rroiii  the 
South  I'ucitic  in  the  winter  they  lirst  strike  the 
Oregon  coast  at  an  angle,  pass  over  tlu*  sum- 
mits of  the  Coast  Ilange  and  then  iire  lietlected 
northward  by  the  higher  suniiuits  of  llie  C!iis. 
cade  range  and  flow  northward  down  the  valley 
oftho  Willamette  parallel  to  the  coast,  ('om- 
ing  from  the  west  and  nortliwesi  in  the  i-ummer, 
the  very  same  physical  obstnictioiis  exactly  re- 
verse their  flow  and  the  siiinmcr  currents  are 
from  the  north.  I'revailing  from  each  (luarter, 
months  at  a  time,  from  the  north,  the  cool,  dry 
winds  of  the  North  Pacific,  from  the  south,  the 
warm,  humid  winds  of  the  South  Pucific.  iiud 
thus  deflected  in  exactly  contrary  courses  at  dif- 
ferent seasons  by  her  mountain  ranges,  wi-st- 
ern  Oregon  is  given  her  warm,  humid  winters 
and  her  cool  and  comparatively  dry  summers  by 
causes  easy  to  comprehend. 

Eastward  of  the  (liseade  mountains  the  cli- 
mate is  modified  mainly  by  two  facts.  First, 
the  winds  that  come  over  the  tops  of  the  Cas- 
cade mountains  in  the  winter  have  yiehled 
nearly  all  their  humidity  in  their  contact  with 
these  cold  summits  and  thus  fallen  in  rain  on 
their  western  slopes  or  in  snow  on  their  pinna- 
cles. There  is  in  thein  no  more  humidity  to 
cotidense  until  they  have  taken  it  up  again  from 
the  comparatively  slight  evaporation  from  tiie 
small  rivers,  like  Des  Chutes  and  John  Day, 
that  are  found  eastward  of  that  range.  That  is 
very  little,  and  it  is  easily  carried  by  these 
winds  over  the  warm  plane-surfaces  until  they 
strike  the  cooler  sides  of  the  Blue  moimtsins, 
where  condensation  again  occurs,  and  nearly  the 
last  vestige  of  hnmidity  the.se  wind-currents 
hold  falls  in  snow  upon  the  mountain  tops. 
While  the  mountain  ranges  trend  in  the  same 
direction  as  those  farther  west,  and  the  general 
direction  of  the  atmospheric  currents  is  the  same 
as  there,  they  deal  with  an  atmosphere  already 
unloaded  of  its  moisture. 

The  second  ol)vious  fact  is  the  greater  eleva- 
tion of  the  whole   face  of  this   interior   region 


IlISTOKY    OF    OltKUoS. 


\\} 


and  litMicu  tlu>  ^ifiittfr  mrity  of  tlio  ntri)uH|)licro 
and  its  ^roiitur  uunHe(|Ueiit  alMnrlxint  power. 
Till*  iivfi'ii^c  idtituilf  ot'  the  interior  plains  of 
Oregon  in  iiUdit  'J.otM)  tWtt.  Tlio  touch  of  i(« 
riiru  mill  thirHty  iituioaphere  to  tho  Hkin  sceinx 
even  to  snck  uwiiy  tho  lliiidrt  of  the  lK>ily.  It 
eould  eiirtily  drink  np  tlie  lift- drops  of  h  tlioii- 
sand  rivers  and  then  not  lH>ar  tho  weightot'  va- 
por thiit  the  l)<>nnin  of  the  Paeitie  yicidn  to  thene 
name  windu  Itoforo  they  tonuh  the  ( )rcg(>ii  tdiore 
and  are  lightened  of  their  iturdenof  tlocnl  hy  the 
hard  wrench  of  the  Cascade  nioniitain  tops. 
Here,  a*  in  western  Oregon,  eliniatii;  caiiBes 
are  pertnanent  as  the  continent,  and  tiiis  will 
he  the  dry,  an  that  will  be  the  wet  portion  of  tho 
Slate  forever. 

Art  to  healthfidnorts,  the  Stati*  inis  all  thecoii- 
(litionA  of  it  tiri)t-clat)H  sanitarium.  Its  atnios- 
pliere  west  of  tiie  Cascaile  mountains  has 
everywhere  tho  tein|)ered  coolness  that  v\'ould 
naturally  come  from  proximity  to  the  ocean.  It 
bears  still  tho  fragrance  of  the  ileop,  untainted 
hy  any  exhalations  from  fetid  swamp  or  reeking 
morass.  It  has  taken  halm  front  tho  pine  and 
tho  fir  of  tiie  mountains  and  hills,  and  ho  touches 
the  spriiifis  of  human  life  with  a  freshening 
and  invigorating  force.  The  mountain  ranges 
of  the  State,  with  their  groat  snowy  cones,  are 
almost  in  touch  with  the  tides  of  tho  sea,  so 
that  tho  denser  air  of  the  sea  level,  or  the  rarer 
atmosphere  of  tho  mountain  lieights  are  always 
accessible  as  the  needs  or  pleasure  of  the  peo- 
ple require.  East  of  the  Cascade  mountains 
the  apparent  conditions  aro  somewhat  ditt'erent, 
while  at  the  same  time  the  same  general  liealth- 
fulnes.-  is  found;  with  no  local  causes  for  fevers 
or  agues  these  are  almost  unknown  there.  Its 
dry,  light  atmosphere  is  a  panacea  for  pulmon- 
ary taint.  Without  burdening  our  readers  with 
health  statistics  we  give  il  as  the  observation  of 
many  years,  and  extending  over  tho  whole 
country  from  seashore  to  most  distant  mount- 
ain crest,  that,  on  the  whole,  no  more  healthful 
land  lies  under  the  stars  than  this. 


I'lloDUOTIOMH. 

What  a  State  is  or  what  it  is  capable  of  In- 
coming depends  altogether  upon  on  what  it  is 
capable  of  producing  to  meet  the  wants  of  its 
own  people,  and  supply  the  markets  of  the 
world.  A  desert  nniy  have,  and  generally  does 
have,  sunn)  skitts,  hut  it  is  none  the  less  a 
desert  for  these. 

The  |>ro<luctiotis  of  a  (country  are  determined 
by  three  things:  Its  latitu<le,  its  soil  and  its 
climate.  Tho  latter  we  have  already  so  treated 
that  it  is  not  necossary  to  do  more  in  this  i)lace, 
than    to    refer    the    reader    to    that    treatment. 

Oregon  lies  lietwecn  the  42d  and  4(lth  degrees 
of  north  latitude.  This,  geographically,  places 
it  exactly  west  of  Mew  York,  Michigan,  tho 
northern  half  of  Iowa  and  the  southern  half  of 
Minnesota.  While  this  is  true  geographically, 
its  isothermal  lines  arc  coincident  with  those  of 
the  southern  part  of  tiie  Virginia  coast  al)out 
the  month  of  (Jliesapeake  Bay.  This  high  lati- 
tude, and  these  low  isothermal  lines  ought  to 
give  Oregon  a  very  wide  range  of  production; 
and,  if  its  soil  is  as  good  as  its  isothermal  and 
geographical  positions  are  favorable,  it  ought  to 
lie  one  of  the  most  productive  regions  of  the 
earth  in  those  things  that  are  most  needed  and 
most  used  in  the  marts  of  the  world.  Let  us 
see  how  this  is. 


To  give  our  readers  a  fair  understanding  of 
the  soils  of  Oregon  it  will  only  be  necessary  to 
speak  of  them  under  two  heads:  The  Iwsaltic 
soils,  and  the  alluvial  soils. 

The  basaltic  are  the  prevalent  and  character- 
istic soils  of  Oregon.  They  may  be  said  to  be  al- 
most exclusively  the  soils  of  all  that  portion  of 
tho  State  lying  east  of  the  Cascade  mountains. 
In  addition,  they  are  the  soils  of  the  mountain 
tops  and  slopes,  especially  on  the  oast  side  of 
Willamette  river.  These  soils  are  formed  by  the 
decomposition  of  vast  masses  of  lava;  by  the 
action  of  atmospheric  influences  or  by  chemical 


UIHTOHY    Oh'    OKKtlO.W 


•t 


torccH,  until,  over  the  yut  timlorlying  ItaMiilt,  aru 
(le|M>«itcil  il(5t<p  liiytM'K  of  L'lirtli  ruHultin^r  Huhtly 
from  tlio  (lt>ot)iii|Ki8iti(>n  of  tli(!>*e  nieks  iu  /titit. 
TIiIh  Hoil  coiitaiim  all  tlit<  cluiiietitH  of  fertility. 
Evury  niialygiH  iiiiulu  of  it — and  tiieie  have  been 
liiunli'tMls  --sh(»WM  the  pronmico  of  liini",  iiia^nu- 
ttia,  silica  iiikI  otiii^r  U<8r«  iinpurtiiiit  inirivralH, 
Hiul  thet*e  made  up  the  soil  ax  it  exitttfl  Inifore 
vt'^i'tatloii  hu^aii  to  ^row  ipon  it.  The  natural 
coiirw'  (if  thin  vi'f^i'tatior,  from  lifn  to  death, 
from  coheHiun  to  decompi'Hiton,  r<<Hiilted  in  the 
addition  of  or^^anic  matte;  to  thin  original  noil, 
thiiH  greatly  incriMsing  itn  adaptability  to  new 
and  vastly  (greater  ;|rowtli«.  The  decay  of  the 
roc  kg  was  hastened  by  the  presence  of  this  de- 
posit of  docomposed  vegetation,  and  thus  tiio 
formation  of  soil  went  the  more  rapidly  un. 
Such  soil,  as  we  may  conclude  from  the  cir- 
cumstances and  manner  of  its  formation,  is  in- 
exhaustible in  its  fertility,  inaBinuch  as  tiie 
materials  exist  beneath  it  in  the  underlying 
base,  and  about  it  in  the  great  basaltic  hills 
for  its  reproduction.  From  beneath,  the  prog- 
ress of  removal  is  constantly  quickened  by 
the  process  of  tillage.  From  about  it  the  ele- 
ments are  constantly  doitig  their  work.  The 
forces  that  are  stronger  than  the  basaltic  column 
that  are  shut  up  in  the  rain  and  the  dew,  in  the 
frost  ami  the  snow,  in  the  sunbeam  and  fn  the 
shadow  are  constantly  cleaving  down  and  grind- 
ing into  tinoJt  powder  the  billslopes  and 
the  mountain  precipices.  The  streamlets  bore 
it  down  over  the  slopes,  and  the  winds  floated  it 
in  refined  and  impalpable  dust  tu  the  leaf-lungs 
of  every  tree,  to  the  petals  of  every  rose,  to  the 
roots  of  every  vine,  and  everywhere  it  became 
the  vital  food  of  the  richest  vegetable  life. 

The  soil  of  thelevel  portions  of  the  Willamette 
valley,  as  well  as  that  of  a  few  other  valleys  of 
smaller  extent,  is  alluvial,  being  brought  to  its 
present  position  by  the  agency  of  water.  It 
varies  greatly  in  depth,  being  from  a  few  inches 
to  many  feet.  Its  quality  is  generally  excellent. 
It  is  made  up  of  the  washings  from  the  hills, 
aided  by  decomposed  organic  matter.  These 
washings  from  the  hills  are,  of  course,  of  the 


saii.e  composition  a*  the  soil  of  the  hill«,  that  is, 
basaltic  Hn<l  sandstotie.  The«e  alluvial  soils  are 
usually  described  as  loam;  a  term  of  very  wide 
range,  but  generally  conveying  the  meaning  of 
a  soft,  friable,  easily  wrought  mixture  of  sand 
and  clay.  I^oam  here  is  deriveil  from  a  mixture 
of  basaltic  soils,  washed  tlown  from  the  mount- 
ains, furnishing  the  clayey  basis  and  decom- 
posed granite,  gneiss  or  sandstone  furnishing  the 
sand,  'i'his  soil  is  often  found  to  rest  on  a  clay 
or  marl  oubsoil,  and  can  be  de|)ended  upon  to 
respond  to  the  culture  and  seed  of  the  husband- 
man with  a  bountiful  harvest. 

The  views  of  the  writer  in  regard  to  the  origii)> 
and  character  of  the  soils  of  ( >rcgon,  as  ex  pressed 
in  this  chapter,  are  confirmed  liy  Chemist  (J.  W. 
Shaw  of  the  Oregon  Agricultural  Kxperiinent 
Station,  who,  in  Noveml)er,  1802,  in  setting 
forth  the  results  of  experiments  made  after 
tracing  tiie  origin  of  soils,  and  quoting  some 
tables  to  give  an  idea  of  their  composition,  says 
of  the  Oregon  soils: 

The  State,  comprising  an  area  of  90,000  square 
miles,  lies  between  117  degrees  and  125  degrees 
west  longitnile  and  42  degrees  and  46  degrees 
north  latitude.  It  is  naturally  divided  into  east- 
ern and  western  Oregon  by  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains. The  eastern  portion  is  about  3,000  feet 
atx)ve  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  embraces  about 
two-thirds  of  the  State.  That  part  of  the  State, 
together  with  a  part  of  Washington,  often  goes 
by  the  name  of  the  ''  Inland  Empire, ''  since  it 
is  so  surrounded  by  various  mountain  systems. 
The  west'jrn  portion  may  well  be  divided  into  a 
northern  and  southern  portion,  the  first  of  which 
comprises  the  great  Willamette  valley  and  a  por- 
tion of  the  Coast  mountains.  Throughout  the 
entire  western  portion  of  the  State  there  is  a 
multitude  of  small  streams  furnishing  an  ample 
flow  of  water  during  the  entire  season.  Tlie 
Willamette  valley,  embracing  about  5,000,000 
acres,  is  by  far  the  largest  valley  in  the  State. 
It  is  about  130  milee  in  length  by  sixty  in  width, 
and  extends  from  a  low  range  of  hills  on  the 
south  (Calapooias)  to  Portland  on  the  north. 
To  show  how  well  watered  is  this  valley,  it  may' 


UlSTOliY    OF    OHKdON. 


Iti 


be  stated  tliat  over  forty  streams  feed  tlie  Willam- 
ette in  its  course,  and  the  stream  is  navigalile 
for  at)oiit  100  miles  from  itsmoiitli. 

The  soils  of  this  valley  may  be  classified  un- 
der two  general  heads,  viz.:  Thoki  of  the  foot- 
hills and  those  of  tlie  bottom  lands  extending 
on  each  bank  of  the  river.  The  former  com- 
prise a  belt  of  rolling  land  extending  nearly 
around  the  prairie  and  merging  into  the 
mountains.  The  prevailing  soils  are  of"  basaltic 
origin  mixed  with  more  or  less  sandstone  soil  on 
the  west  side.  The  purely  basaltic  soils  are 
mostly  confined  to  the  hilltops  where  they  are 
generated.  All  the  "  bottom  land  "  is  of  alluvii.l 
nature  and  varies  greatly  in  depth,  from  a  few 
inches  to  many  feet.  It  is  made  up  of  the  wash- 
ings from  the  hills  and  consists,  as  one  would 
infer  from  the  above,  of  a  decomposed  volcanic 
substance,  somewhat  basaltic  in  nature,  mixed 
with  sind  and  a  large  amount  of  alluvial  deposit 
and  vegetable  mold  or  "humus,"  the  last- 
named  substance  being  the  more  abundant  in 
this  portion  of  the  State  because  of  the  larger 
rainfall. 

SOir.S    OF    VOLCANIC    OKIOIN. 

It  is  a  fact  noticed  in  Italy  long  ago.  and  borne 
out  by  the  experience  in  this  northwest,  that  the 
soils  of  volcanic  origin  are  of  an  unsurpassed 
fertility.  The  basalt  from  which  much  of  the 
soil  in  Oregon  is  derived  is  not  like  most  rocks 
in  respect  to  its  makeup  for  it  contains,  from 
the  very  nature  of  the  case,  the  fertilizing  in- 
gredients of  a  combination  of  rocks.  Hasalt  is 
u  complex  mineral  and  a  type  of  basic  rocks.  It 
is  a  very  dark,  almost  black,  rock,  exceedingly 
hard  and  quite  heavy;  mineralogically  it  is  made 
up  of  plagioclase  (a  soda-lime  feldspar)  augite, 
and  olivine;  it  also  nearly  always  contains  more 
or  less  magnetic  iron  ore  and  other  minerals. 
The  coarser  grained  basalts  are  known  as  dol- 
erytes  and  the  tine  grained  anamesyte.  Chemi- 
cally the  rock  contains  silica,  lime,  potash,  soda, 
magnesia,  oxides  of  iron  and  manganese,  and 
alumina.  There  is  one  quite  notable  feature  as 
to  one  of  the  mineral  ingredients  of  basalt  —an - 


gite — that  it  not  infrequently  contains  consid- 
erable phosplnric  anhydride  (P2()5'),  occurring 
ill  a  crystalline  form  as  apatite.  Of  such  an  oc- 
currence one  writer  has  said: 

"While  such  crystals  scattered  in  the  soil  may 
be  somewhat  refractory  in  dissolution,  yet  the 
mechanical  and  chemical  process  of  soil  forma- 
tion n.ust  have  supplied  an  abundance  of  finely 
pulverized  mineral  ('floats')  available  for  the  use 
of  vegetation." 

The  chemical  composition  of  this  rock  from 
which  has  been  derived  the  greater  portion  of 
our  soils  explains  why  the  apparently  barren 
soils  ol  the  eastern  portion  of  the  State,  when 
8  ijiplied  with  tlie  necessary  moisture,  are  so 
very  productive.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  some 
of  the  books  published  state  that  basalt  forms 
soil  very  slowly,  ye'i  the  rocks  are  really  fragile 
and  short-lived.  They  appear  to  be  dense  and 
lasting,  but  being  complex  in  structure  and  con- 
taining a  considerable  amount  of  protoxide  of 
iron,  which  is  capable  of  further  oxidation,  and 
this  quite  rapidly,  forming  a  sesquioxide,  the 
bonds  of  the  minerals  are  loosened  and  the  rocks 
break  up.  At  the  foot  of  every  basaltic  cliff  is 
found  •■.  pile  of  debris  and  all  over  the  basalt 
country  this  crumbling  proceeds  regularly  and 
comparatively  rapid.  These  rocks  are  of  recent 
geological  origin  and  doubtless  represent  the 
same  tii-ie  as  tlioee  forming  the  Sierra  Nevadas, 
the  material  being  deposited  in  the  Jura- Trias 
and  elevated  as  mountains  in  the  middle  of  the 
Mesozoic,  while  the  formation  of  the  Coast  Kange 
did  not  occur  till  about  the  end  of  the  Middle 
Tertiary  or  Miocene,  the  place  of  the  range  hav- 
ing a  marginal  sea  bottom  and  received  sedi- 
ment from  the  beginning  of  the  Cretaceous. 
At  the  end  of  the  Miocene  this  mii.riginal  sea 
bottom  yielded  to  pressure  and  swellr-d  up  into 
the  Coast  Range  of  t.-  day.  This  inclosed  between 
it  and  the  Cascade  range  an  immense  body  of 
water,  which  after  a  time  became  fresh,  giving 
fresh-water  sediment.  These  alluvisd  deposits 
were  elevated  and  drained  off,  tlie  Willamette 
valle}  being  the  latest  to  become  land.  These 
changes  just  mentioned,  however,  were  not  the 


l^? 


uisToitr  ov  oHEaoN. 


28 


ones  wliicli  primarily  gave  us  tiio  iininense 
quantities  of  Ijaaalt,  but  ratiier  tiie  great  lav<il 
overflow,  and  the  lesser  and  subsequent  ones, 
wliicli  covered  tiie  whole  of  northern  California, 
a  great  part  of  Oreijan,  Washington  and  Idaho, 
and  extending  into  Nevada,  the  violence  of  this 
volcanic  tire  and  molten  lava  destroying  and 
blotting  out  all  forms  of  vegetable  and  animal 
life.  The  entire  northwest  being  covered  from 
twenty-five  to  100  feet  deep  in  volcanic  ashes. 
The  lava  beds  where  the  great  Columbia  river 
has  made  its  cut  show  a  depth  of  about  3,000 
feet.  Over  this  entire  Held  are  found  numerous 
extinct  volcanoes,  which  for  some  time  con- 
tinued to  belch  forth  their  molten  contents,  those 
of  the  more  recent  activity  being  Mounts  Hood, 
St.  Helens,  Pitts,  Adams,  Jefferson  and  Cow- 
horn  Peak. 

The  above  all  represent  marine  deposits,  while 
in  both  the  southern  and  eastern  portions  of  the 
State  there  are  numerous  localities  showing  fresh 
water  lake  deposits.  During  the  laying  down 
of  much  of  this  alluvial  soil  the  ocean  extended 
up  the  Columbia  river,  forming  an  immense 
sound,  which  is  shown,  not  only  by  numerous 
beach  marks,  but  also  frou;  the  successive  ter- 
races. An  extensive  bay,  the  deposits  of  which 
formed  the  present  subsoils  of  the  region  of  For- 
est (trove,  Hillsboro,  etc.,  covered  these  places 
to  a  considerable  depth. 

IN    SOUTHWESTERN    OBEOON. 

As  we  pass  into  the  southern  division  of  west- 
ern Oregon,  Mesozoic  strata  are  prominent,  and 
during  this  time  nearly  all  of  southern  Oregon 
was  probably  under  water,  and  not  less  than 
3,000  feet  of  sediment  was  deposited,  covering 
nearly  all  the  entire  region  of  the  Rogue,  Co- 
quille  and  the  U'upqua  rivers,  the  water  being 
drained  off  probably  early  in  the  Miocene,  if  not 
before.  Between  the  Umpqua  and  Rogue  rivers, 
toward  the  south,  the  formation  is  chiefly  meta- 
inorphic  slate  and  quartzite,  while  to  the  north 
there  is  much  conglomerate  and  slate  with  more 
or  less  serpentine;  the  latter  is  very    abundant 


on  the  South  I'tnpqua.  To  show  the  depth  of 
the.se  strata,  a  well  bored  175  feet,  near  Jackson- 
ville, failed  to  reach  beyond  the  sediment  of  the 
tertiary.  As  the  rocks,  so  the  soils  here  are 
quite  varied,  and  it  is  not  uncommon  to  And  a 
half  dozen  different  soils  on  160  acres.  The 
predominating  soil  of  this  portion  seems  to  be 
a  red  clay,  which  terminates  in  the  high  plateaus. 
Rlack  loams,  with  vegetable  debris,  are  found 
along  the  principal  valleys,  where  granite  soil 
is  not  uncommon, 
miss  sadie 

WESTERN  OREOON. 

The  soils  of  Benton  county  in  general  resem- 
ble those  of  the  other  portions  of  the  Willam- 
ette valley,  especially  those  of  Polk  county. 
The  prairie  bottoms  are  of  a  rich  dark  loam  for' 
the  most  part.  There  is  (juite  a  body  of  what 
is  called  "white  land,"  which  is  found  in  vari- 
ous lowlands  of  the  valley.  It  is  a  heavy 
whitish  clay,  destitute  of  natural  drainage.  The 
great  trouble  with  the  land  is  excessive  mois- 
ture, but  where  well  drained  it  seems  to  give 
fairly  good  results.  The  hill  lands  are  of  a 
reddish  soil  of  excellent  physical  condition  for 
working  and  offer  most  excellent  soils  for  fruit. 
The  bottom  soils  are  made  up  of  tlie  washings 
from  the  nills  added  to  the  clays  and  loams 
from  the  former  sedimentary  deposits. 

Lane  county  has  an  area  of  about  7,000 
square  miles,  with  an  average  breadth  of  about 
fifty  miles,  and  being  about  three  times  this 
distance  in  length.  About  three- fourths  of  this 
county  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  The  table  or 
hill  lands  bordering  the  valleys  seem  to  be  quite 
fertile,  and  produce  well  when  brought  under 
cultivation.  A  satnple  of  this  soil  is  the  only 
one  yet  examined  from  this  county,  and  whether 
il  will  show  as  low  percentage  in  potash  as  this 
is  somewhat  doubtful.  The  soil  is  a  sandy 
loam,  and  covers  several  sections  in  the  foot- 
hills south  of  Eugene.  Farther  up  the  hills  the 
soil  becomes  coarser,  and  is  underlaid  with  soft 
sandstone,  which  crumbles  on  short  exposure- 
The  vege'.ition   is  oak  and  wild  grasses.     Tiie 


!1 

■   M 


i 


2t 


IIISroHY    oil-    OREGON. 


soil  evidently  1ms  a,  good  natural  drainage,  and 
is  easily  worked.  The  dry  lumps  crush  easily 
between  the  fingers,  and  the  soil  does  not  he- 
come  very  sticky  when  wet.  It  is  a  soil  that 
has  been  planted  to  t'r  it  considerably  of  late. 
The  physical  condition  of  the  soil  would  seem 
to  warrant  this,  but  the  low  percentage  of  pot- 
ash would  indicate  that  for  the  best  results  this 
ingredient  will  be  needed  in  a  few  years.  The 
county  is  abundantly  supplied  with  streams  and 
springs.  Considerable  swale  land  is  found  in 
some  parts  of  the  county,  mainly  white  land, 
but  with  good  drainage  can  be  made  produc- 
tive. Taking  Eugene  as  a  starting  point, 
then  going  west  about  six  miles,  is  a  low 
range  of  hills.  From  here  we  can  look  north 
for  about  twenty-four  miles  over  a  rich  prairie, 
through  which  llows  the  Willamette  river,  the 
course  of  which  is  rendered  more  visible  by  the 
groves  of  palm,  maple  and  shrubs.  The  hill 
land  of  the  principal  portion  begins  about 
twenty  miles  west  from  Eugene,  and  is  largely 
covered  with  tir  timber — in  fact  the  whole  re- 
gion abounds  in  forests  of  lir,  hemlock  and 
cedar. 

In  Linn  county  there  are  only  about  1,300 
square  miles  that  is  suitable  for  agricultural 
purposes.  "  The  arable  portion  of  tlie  county 
is  about  evenly  divided  into  prairie  and  rolling 
land.  The  prairie  is  not  a  dead  level,  but 
slightly  undulating,  affording  plenty  of  slope 
for  good  drainage  to  the  Willamette  river,  which 
bounds  the  county  on  the  west  along  the  wliole 
length.  The  soil  of  the  prairie  lands  is  a  rich, 
dark,  clayey  loam,  of  the  general  character  of 
that  of  the  whole  Willamette  valley."  For 
the  mosi  part  the  soils  are  sandstone  and  basal- 
tic. About  the  Santiam  country  the  formations 
are  porphyiitic  and  granitic,  which  are  a  con- 
tinuation of  similar  rocks  to  the  noith  and 
south — a  part  of  the  same  that  outcrops,  on  the 
west  of  the  Cascades. 

KA8TEBN    OKKOON. 

Only  two  soils  have  been  as  yet  analyze<I  from 
eaetern  Oregon.      The  soil  is  of  a  very   tine 


texture.  It  is  a  light  gray  soil,  which  darkens 
slightly  on  moistening.  It  is  abundantly  sup- 
plied with  potash,  but  phosphoric  acid  is  defi- 
cient. Tlie  main  growth  is  bunchgrass  and 
sagebrush,  and  to  one  unacquainted  with  its 
peculiarities,  the  soil  would  not  be  considered 
favorably,  although  experience  shows  that  the 
soils  of  this  same  character  produce  well,  pro- 
vided they  are  given  moisture. 


PKODUOTS. 


The  agricultural  productions  of  Oregon  may 
be  considered  as  including  all  the  grains,  vege- 
tables and  fruits  of  the  temperate  latitudes,  ex- 
tending, in  some  places,  into  the  semi-tropical 
productions.  Wheat  has  been  considered  the 
staple  cereal,  not  because  it  grows  more  luxu- 
riantly than  oats  or  barley,  but  because  it  bears 
transportation  to  foreign  ports.  Its  average 
yield  per  acre,  with  good  cultivation,  may  be 
set  down  as  not  far  from  twenty-five  bushels; 
many  fields  reaching  as  high  as  fifty.  Its  qual- 
ity is  very  superior;  and  such  is  the  hospitality 
of  the  climate  to  this  cereal  that,  in  the  fifty 
years  in  which  it  has  been  cultivated  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  there  has  never  been  re- 
corded a  failure  of  a  fair  crop.  Oats  and  bar- 
ley are  also  certain  to  return  a  good  yield  to 
the  husbandman,  reaching  often  fifty  to  seventy- 
five  bushels  to  the  acre,  and  probably  averaging 
thirty.  Corn  thrives  fairly  well,  but  has  never 
been  a  favorite  grain  with  the  Oregon  farmer, 
as  wheat  and  barley  are  much  more  easily  pro- 
duced. I'eas  and  beans  yield  abundant  crops. 
Of  the  grasses,  timothy  is  the  favorite  on  the 
alluvial  soils  and  clover  on  the  basaltic.  Hotli 
yield  largely;  clover  especially  giving  large  re- 
turns, as  it  will  always  offer  two  cuttings  in  a 
season. 

In  regard  to  fruit,  Oregon  is  the  home  of  the 
apple,  pear,  plum,  prune,  v,;ierry,  currant,  and 
all  kinds  of  berries;  there  probably  being  no 
spot  on  earth  where  they  grow  to  greater  per- 
fection, or  yield  more  abundantly.  In  many 
places  also,   notably   in  southern  Oregon,  and 


M 


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glig!)/'!  l|ji»i|^<)|»ii  '■ 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


2S 


also  in  eastern  Orej^oii,  along  the  iin mediate 
shores  of  the  CoUunbia,  and  other  streams,  as 
well  as  in  favored  localities  in  any  part  of  the 
country,  this  may  also  be  said  of  the  peach  and 
the  grape. 

Wl)at  has  been  said  of  the  grains  and  grasses, 
and  fruits  is  equally  true  of  all  kinds  of  vegeta- 
bles. It  would  be  a  waste  of  space  to  specify 
their  kinds,  and  it  is  enough  to  say  that  in  all 
these  are  produced  from  the  soil  for  the  support 
of  man  or  beast,  if  Oregon  does  nof  lead  the 
States  of  the  American  Union  in  variety,  in 
average  quantity  per  acre,  and  in  the  quality  of 
the  product,  we  have  failed  to  read  the  record 
of  the  agricultural  industry  of  the  country 
aright. 

In  the  food  productions  of  the  State  must  be 
counted  meats — domestic  and  game — and  fish. 
Of  game,  there  are  deer  and  elk,  which  inhabit 
the  mountainous  portions  of  the  State  in  con- 
siderable numbers,  and  during  the  open  season 
are  found  in  the  markets  of  Portland  and  other 
cities  in  considerable  abundance.  Wild  geese, 
brant,  duck,  pheasants,  grouse, and  quail  are  very 
abundant.  The  bays  and  rivers  are  abundantly 
supplied  with  all  varieties  of  fish;  the  lordly  sal- 
mon being  taken  in  uncounted  numbers.  The 
mountain  streams  are  all  supplied  with  the 
finest  of  trout,  while  the  deep  sea  gives  up  to 
the  tables  of  the  people  almost  a  surfeit  of  its 
tinny  tribes.  It  would  be  easy  to  give  our 
readers  tabulated  statements  of  the  astonishing 
yield  of  the  variety  of  human  food,  but  we 
judge  this  general  statement  will  better  serve 
the  purposes  of  this  work. 

It  would  take  a  volume  to  give  a  description 
of  the  vast  mineral  resources  of  the  State, 
whereas  we  can  give  them  little  more  than  a 
paragraph  as  evidence  that  we  have  not  foigot- 
ten  nor  overlooked  them. 

Extensive  gold  min6s  have  been  worked  in 
southern  Oregon  since  1849.  The  placer  mines 
of  liogne  river  have  yielded  tens  of  millions  of 
dollars  of  the  precious  metals,  and  many  of 
them  are  yet  profitably  worked.  Eastern  Ore- 
gon, since  1862,  has  closely  followed,  if,  indeed, 


it  has  not  exceeded  southern  Oregon  in  gold 
productions.  Tiie  mines  of  Grant  and  Bake* 
counties  have  ranked  amoi>g  the  best  of  the 
Pacific  coast  for  thirty  years.  Though  the  old 
placers  have  been  considered  practically  ex- 
hausted, yet  new  ones  are  from  time  to  time 
discovered,  and  a  very  large  ami^^nt  of  gold  is 
yet  annually  produced  from  them.  In  addition 
to  the  placer  mines,  quartz  gold  mines  and  sil- 
ver mines  are  worked,  and  there  is  a  large  out- 
put of  gold  and  silver  from  them. 

The  iron  mines  of  the  State  are  of  great  ex- 
tent, and  yield  ore  of  a  very  high  quality,  ranked 
among  the  best  of  the  United  States.  The 
market  for  their  product  has  been  so  limited, 
as  yet,  that  but  comparatively  little  smelting 
has  been  done;  but  the  quality  of  the  iron  pro- 
duced has  been  so  superior,  and  the  quantity 
that  might  bo  produced  is  so  nearly  unlimited, 
that  it  is  obviovs  this  is  very  soon  to  be  one  of 
the  greatest  productive  industries  of  Oregon. 
Coal  of  a  fair,  even  good,  quality,  underlies 
great  extents  of  country  in  southwestern  Ore- 
gon, and  indications  of  it  appear  in  many  other 
place?,  but  as  yet  it  has  not  been  extensively 
mined. 

In  the  productions  of  Oregon,  timber  takes  a 
staple  place.  With  the  exception  of  Washing- 
ton, there  is  no  State -of  the  Union  that  can 
rival  Oregon  in  the  excellence  and  abundance 
of  its  building  material.  Washington  being 
exactly  like  Oregon  in  location  and  climate 
is  just  its  equal  in  the  character  and  abundance 
of  its  timber  growths.  The  very  king  of  lum- 
ber trees  is  the  fir  of  the  mountains  and  foot- 
hills, and  river  and  bay  margins  of  Oregon  and 
Washington.  Whole  forests  of  these  magnifi- 
cent trees  frequently  average  250  feet  in  height, 
and  from  four  to  six  feet  in  diameter;  while 
trees  350  feet  high  and  from  eight  to  ten  feet 
in  diameter  are  not  unfreqnently  found.  The 
trees  grow  almost  perfectly  straight,  and  it  is 
no  unusual  thing  to  see  them  seventy-five  or  a 
hundred  feet  from  the  ground  to  the  first  limb. 
The  timber  is  sawed  into  any  length  the  archi- 
tect may  desire  for  any  use  of  the  builder's  art. 


20 


innTOItY    OF    OltmioN. 


The  luinbor  is  straight,  strontj,  ekstic;  better 
suited  to  the  solid  friime-worli  of  Uifty  editicus, 
and  lonir  spans  of  liridujus  and  trestle-work, 
than  any  other.  The  lumber  produced  from 
the  yellow  lir  is  incomparably  (ine. 

Cedar,  very  large  in  growth  and  excellent  in 
quality  for  linisliinir  material,  also  abonnds.  It 
cli>sely  follows  the  tir  in  size,  and  though  not  at 
all  suitable  for  frame- work,  it  takes  a  beautiful 
polish,  and  either  when  done  in  natural  colors 
or  painted  there  is  nothing  superior  to  it  for 
the  inner  finishing  of  houses.  Oak.  ash,  niajde, 
alder — which  is  here  quite  a  large  tree;  spruce, 
tamarack,  laurel,  and  other  woods,  make  up  a 
tine  variety  for  all  the  njes  of  service  or  orna- 
ment to  wdiich  it  needs  to    be  applied.     In  its 


timber  alone.  Oregon  has  an  untold  hoard  of 
wealth  for  future  generations.  It  is  likely  that 
the  growth  of  the  standing  forests  of  Oregon 
has  exceeded  the  consumption  of  lumber,  if,  in- 
deed it  lias  not  exceeded  the  distinction  of  tim- 
l)er  from  all  causes,  during  tlie  fifty  years  since 
settlements  were  begun  by  the  whites. 

With  this  generalized  stateuient  of  the 
topography,  geology,  climate  and  productions 
of  Oregon,  we  bring  this  section  to  a  close,  as- 
suring the  reader  that,  if  we  have  not  dealt  in 
figures  iii  making  this  showing,  it  is  not  because 
they  were  not  easily  obtained,  but  Iwcause  we 
judge  these  general  facts  will  better  serve  the 
pur])08es  for  which  the.  ordinary  reader  will 
peruse  this  volume. 


-^■%(ii:iii->^- 


CHAI'TER  III. 

THE  INDIANS  OF  OREGON. 

Data  TuAorridNAr, — Fiusr  Ilici.rAiii.E  Accounts — Live  Facts — Ueasons^Ixdians  ok  thk 
Coast — Indians  of  tue  Inieriok— Want  ok  Pkoouess — Lewis  and  Clakke's  Account- 
Few  Divisions — Indians  of  the  Willamette  Valley — Of  Kooue  River — Ok  Pi-qet 
SorsD — The  Klamath.!  —  Klikitats — Cavises  --Nez  Pek(^e8  -Siioshones — Comparison — 
TuK  Walla  Wallas — Theik  (Jukat  Ciiiek — Yei.leit — I'uupumoxmox. 


lO^IE  notice  of  the  original  inhabitants  of 
Oregon  is  due  the  reader  of  this  book; 
even  though  that  notice  must  necessarily 
be  short  and  its  data  largely  traditional.  With- 
out a  written  language  of  any  kind,  unless  it 
was  the  use  of  the  rudest  and  most  barbarous 
symbols,  they  have  passed  away  and  left  no  re- 
corded history:  without  architecture,  except 
that  which  exhausts  its  genius  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  skin  wigwam  or  a  bark  lodge,  they 
have  died  and  left  no  monuments.  Traditions 
concerning  them  are  too  confused,  contradictory 
and  uncertain  to  satisfy  any  wlio  desire  reliable 
history. 


Any  real  information  at  all  reliable  concern- 
ing them  began  with  the  publication  of  the 
journal  of  the  exploring  expedition  of  Lewis 
and  tMark  in  1804  and  1805;  and  then  observa- 
tions, especially  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains 
were  so  limited  that  they  could  not  have  come 
into  personal  contact  with  any  of  the  tribes  of 
the  Willamette  valley,  nor  with  the  tribes  that 
inhabited  the  region  about  Puget  sound.  Those 
east  of  the  Cascades,  inhabiting  on  the  Columbia 
and  J-ower  Snake  rivers,  and  thence  inland  to 
the  liocky  mountains,  they  saw  and  learned 
more  about.  Incidental  notices  of  various  tribos 
have  been  given  to  the  world  by  other  explorers 


HIHWRY    OF   OliEQON. 


27 


1111(1  travelers,  but  not  very  iiiucli  that  liave  been 
written  concerning  tluMn  was  not  the  ascertain- 
ings  of  ])atient  and  continued  personal  investi- 
gation, nor  yet  the  impressions  of  any  exten<led 
personal  contact,  but  the  chance  and  hasty 
gatherings  of  unreliable  traditions,  or,  what 
was  even  less  to  be  ilepended  on  than  this,  the  e.\- 
aj^gi'i'ated  recitals  of  some  wild  camp-tire  stories. 
All  these,  of  course,  have  a  value  as  literature, 
and  occupy  an  interesting  place  in  romantic 
story,  but  their  ratm  as  history  is  not  great; 
and  it  is  this  that  we  are  endeavoring  to  give 
our  readers. 

When  these  people  were  first  brought  under 
the  study  of  civilized  men,  two  facts  distinctly 
marked  them:  One  was  that  the  tribes  east  oi 
the  Cascade  mountains  had  very  dittereut  men- 
tal and  physical  qualities  from  those  residing 
west  of  that  range.  The  other  was,  that  there 
was  no  form  or  semblance  of  civilization  of 
any  ciiaracter  among  them;  tliev  were  ae  en- 
tirely savage  and  barbarous  as  the  tribes  of 
"  darkest  Africa."' 

For  this  first  fact  the  marked  difference  in 
the  climate,  productions  and  consequent  modes 
of  living  necessary  for  them,  furnish  a  reason, 
if  not  the  reason. 

West  of  the  Cascade  mountains  the  climate 
was  soft,  moist;  and  its  indigejious  productions 
were  those  that  a  rich  soil  would  send  forth 
in  such  a  climate.  It  was  a  region  of  large, 
deep  rivers;  of  numerous  bays  and  inlets  from 
the  ocean  extending  far  inland,  all  filled  with 
fish  of  the  finest  and  richest  quality,  easily 
taken,  and  hence  inviting  to  a  life  of  effortless 
indolence  and  ease.  It  was  a  lowland  region, 
largely  covered  with  a  forest  of  firs  and  pines, 
and  cedars  and  spruce,  with  an  undergrowth  of 
maple  and  alder  and  dogwood  and  laurel;  with 
vines  and  shrubs  innumerable  and  thorny; 
making  the  forests  almost  impenetrable.  This 
character  of  forests  pushed  up  to,  and  in  places 
into,  the  prairies  of  the  Willamette  valley,  com- 
pelling anrong  the  aborigines  a  life  in  the 
canoe  instead  of  on  horseback,  and  a  living  of 
fat,  oily  fish  instead  of  alert  and  sinewy  game. 


Hence  they  were  short  of  stature;  heavy  and 
broad  and  fat  of  body;  indolent  and  sluggish 
in  movement;  without  alertness  or  perception 
of  mind;  indolent  and  inaet'ive  in  all  their 
habits;  sleeping  away  nearly  all  but  the  little 
time  that  was  reqisite  for  them  to  throw  their 
barbed  harpoon  into  the  shining  side  of  the 
salmon  that  swam  on  the  shoals  and  sands  of 
the  rivers  and  bays  along  which  they  thus 
droned  away  their  meaningless  life,  and  the 
few  additional  moments  required  to  boil  or 
roast  it  sutticient  to  gratify  their  uncultured 
appetite. 

East  of  the  Cascade  mountains  the  country 
was  a  high,  rolling,  mountain  prairie,  averaging 
from  one  to  six  thousand  feet  above  the  tides 
of  the  ocean.  The  streams  are  rapid,  boiling 
torrents.  The  climate  was  dry  and  the  natural 
ve<retable  i)roduction8  were  minimized:  it  was 
almost  a  desert.  It  furnished  abundance  of  grass 
for  grazing,  and  its  vast  distances  of  hill  and 
plain  required  their  use  for  locomotion.  Hence 
these  tribes  were  equestrian,  rather  than  semi- 
aquatic  like  the  tribes  of  the  lower  rivers  and 
sea  inlets.  The  mountains  were  covered  with 
open  and  scattering  forests  of  pine,  with  occa- 
sional groves  of  fir  and  tamarack,  almost  with- 
out undergrowth,  through  and  over  which  the 
horseman  could  ride  almost  unhindered  in  any 
direction.  The  game,  such  as  elk,  deer,  ante- 
lope, bear,  buffalo,  mountain  sheep  and  goats, 
ranged  both  plain  and  mountain;  furnishing 
the  chief  food  of  the  tribes  that  inhabited  this 
region.  To  take  it,  however,  required  activity, 
cunning,  courage,  and  hence  developed  a  tall, 
stalwart,  erect,  active  race  of  men;  lithe  and 
springy  as  a  panther;  which  animal  indeed, 
many  of  the  cay  use  and  Nez  Perces  would  re- 
mind the  observant  traveler  of  by  the  quick 
stealthiness  of  their  movement,  the  restless, 
penetrating  glance  of  their  eye  that  caught 
every  quivering  motion  of  leaf  or  feature;  the 
sensitiveness  of  their  ear,  that  missed  no  snap  of 
twisr,  or  tread  of  foot;  and  their  ever-tensioned 
sinews  ready  for  the  spring  of  attack  or  the 
speed  of  the  flight. 


2S 


nisToiir  OF  oHEnoN. 


A 


Tliese  facts  murk  the  iliffereiu'es,  pliysii'iil 
ami  inuiital.  betwti'ii  the  interior  and  cuast,  or 
liijjliland  and  lowland  tribes. 

As  to  the  other  fact,  the  utter  absence  of  any 
form  of  civilization,  and  the  complete  barbarism 
of  these  tribes,  little  more  can  be  said  than  to 
state  it. 

Civilization  means  proifress.  In  all  places  on 
the  earth  the  dej;rec  of  civilization,  if  any,  that 
has  marked  the  history  of  a  people,  has  been 
determined  by  writinifs  or  montnnontal  re 
mains.  Not  a  vestige  of  either  exists  here. 
How  long  these  Indian  tribes  have  existed, 
whence'  they  came,  what  is  the  story  of  their 
life,  can  only  be  answered  by  conjecture. 
When  that  is  done  other  conjecture  answers 
that,  and  so  our  in(juirie8  close  where  they  be- 
gan, not  in  uncertainty  only,  but  in  entire 
ignorance.  It  cannot  be  said  that  these*  have 
no  capability  of  progress,  only  that  tliey  had 
made  none.  They  had  evolved  no  civilization 
out  of  themselves,  ind,  if  their  ancestors,  here 
or  elsewhere,  ever  had  any  they  had  loVt  it  out 
of  life  and  out  of  the  tendencies  of  their  life. 
So  far  as  we  know  the  Indian  of  1800,  on  the 
Pacitic  coast,  was  the  living  petrifaction  of  his 
remotest  father.  He  slept  in  the  same  smoky 
Avigwara.  He  hunted  with  the  same  sinewed 
iiow.  There  was  literally  no  progress,  and  be- 
ing no  progress  he  had  no  civilization.  The 
ages  of  God  had  been  thrown  away  upon  liiui. 
He  was  here,  not  an  animal  merely,  but  so  far 
as  the  betterment  of  his  race,  or  the  world  in 
which  that  race  lived,  was  concerned,  an  animal 
only.  Such  he  was  when  he  came  to  the  ob- 
servation of  civilized  man;  of  the  man  of 
progress;  of  conquering  and  subduing  power, 
who  had  not,  like  thesy  tribes,  thrown  away  the 
ages  that  God  had  given  him.  With  these  gen- 
eral observations  in  regard  to  the  Indians  of 
Oregon,  we  give  some  more  particulijr  account 
of  them. 

The  first  account  of  the  Indians  of  western 
Oregon  was  given  in  the  journal  of  the  expedi- 
tion of  Lewis  and  Glarke,  we  give  an  extract, 
using  the  orthography  of  the  journal,  and  put- 


ting the  more  modern  orthography  of  the  names 
of  tribes  and  jilaces  in  brackets,  so  that  the 
reader  may  better  identify  them. 

Of  the  Willamette  valley  and  its  tribes  the 
journal  says: 

"The  natives  who  inhabit  this  fertile  region 
are  very  numerous.  The  Wapatoo  inlet  extends 
three  hundred  yards  wide  for  ten  or  twelve 
miles,  where  it  receives  the  waters  of  a  small 
creek,  whose  sources  are  not  far  from  those  of 
the  Killimuck  [Tillatnook]  river.  On  that  creek 
reside  the  Clackstar  nation,  a  people  of  twelve 
hundred  souls,  who  subsist  on  tish  and  wapatoo, 
and  who  trade  by  means  of  the  Ivilliniuek  river 
with  that  nation  on  the  coast.  Lower  down  tlie 
inlet,  toward  the  Columbia,  is  the  tribe  called 
the  Cathlocamup.  On  the  sluice,  which  connects 
the  inlet  with  the  Multnomah  [  Willamette |,  are 
the  tribes  Cathlanahquah  and  Cathlacomatup; 
and  on  Wapatoo  [Sauries]  Island,  Clannainina- 
mun  and  ('lahnai|uah.  Immediately  opposite, 
on  the  iiortlr  side  of  the  Columbia,  are  the 
Quathlapotles  and  the  Shotos.  All  these  tribes, 
as  vvci;  as  the  Cathlahaws,  who  live  lower  on  the 
river  and  have  an  old  village  on  Deer  Island, 
may  be  considered  parts  of  the  great  Multnomah 
nation,  which  has  its  principal  residence  on 
Wapatoo  island,  near  the  mouth  of  the  large 
river  to  which  they  give  their  name  [Multnomah 
or  now  Willamette].  Forty  miles  above  its 
junction  with  the  Columbia  it  receives  the  waters 
of  the  Clackamas,  a  river  which  may  be  traced 
through  a  wooded  and  fertile  country  to  its 
source  in  Mount  Jefferson,  almost  to  the  foot 
of  which  it  is  navigable  for  canoes.  A  nation 
of  the  same  name  resides  in  eleven  villages  on 
the  borders;  they  live  chieHy  on  grass  and  roots, 
which  abound  in  the  (!lackamas  and  along  its 
banks,  though  they  sometimes  descend  to  the 
Columbia  to  gather  wapatoo,  where  tiiey  cannot 
be  distinguished  by  dress,  or  nninners,  or  lan- 
guage from  the  tribes  of  the  Multnomahs.  Two 
days  journey  from  the  Columbia,  or  about  twenty 
miles  beyond  the  entrance  to  the  Clackamas,  are 
the  fails  of  the  Multnomah.  At  this  place  are 
the  permanent  residences  of  the  Cushooks  and 


HISTORY    OF    OBEQON. 


20 


("Imlieowalis.  two  tribes  who  are  iittractiMl  to 
timt  Ity  tlio  tisl),  rikI  liy  the  coiiveiiiemM- of  trad- 
in>r  across  the  inoiuitiariH  hikI  <h)Wii  the  Killi- 
iiMick  river,  and  with  the  nation  of  Killorniicks, 
from  whom  tliey  ](rociire  train  oil.  These  falls 
are  oc('asione<l  by  the  passage  of  a  high  range 
of  nionntains,  Iteyoiid  which  the  country 
Btretches  into  a  high  level  ])lain,  wholly  dcBti- 
tnte  of  timber.  Ab  far  as  the  Indians,  with 
whom  we  conversed,  had  ever  penetrated  that 
country,  it  was  inhal)itcd  by  a  nation  called  (Jal- 
lejioewah,  a  very  numerous  people,  whose  vil- 
lages, nearly  forty  in  number,  are  scattered 
along  each  side  of  the  Multnomah,  which  furn- 
ishes them  their  chief  subsistence — fisli  and  the 
roots  along  its  banks." 

This  quotation,  taken  from  the  journal  of  an 
expedition,  especially  charged  by  the  (iovern- 
inent  with  the  work  of  obtaining  correct  and 
reliable  information  about  the  regioii  of  the 
Columbia,  and  tlie  tribes  inhabiting  its  vi- 
cinty  shows  clearly  how  little  dependence  can 
be  placed  on  what  i.s  learned  by  a  mere  cursory 
passage  through  a  country,  or  from  the  stories 
of  a  savage  people.  Lewis  atid  Clarke  saw  noth- 
ing of  the  Willainette  valley,  and  did  not  even 
discover  the  entrance  of  the  river,  half  a  mile 
wide,  into  the  Columbia  until  their  return  voy- 
age, and  then  they  passed  without  entering  it. 
The  Indian  nations  of  whicli  they  speak  were 
only  clans — hardly  tribes.  How  little  the  In- 
dians themselves  knew  of  the  country,  and  how 
unable  they  were  to  communicate  that  little, 
are  nhown  by  the  great  inaccuracy  of  the  geog- 
raphy and  topography  of  the  Willamette  valley 
given  in  tiie  foregoing  extract.  The  mouth  of  the 
Clackamas  river  is  twenty,  instead  of  forty,  miles 
from  the  Columbia,  and  the  falls  are  three  in- 
stead of  twenty  miles  above  that.  The  "high 
range  of  mountains"  which  are  said  to  "occa- 
sion" the  falls  are  but  a  low  basaltic  ridge, 
which  here  formed  across  tiie  valley  when  in  a 
fiis(>(l  state,  aljout  a  mile  wide  and  two  or  three 
hundred  feet  high.  Through  this  the  river  has 
cut  its  way,  draining  the  basin  of  a  great  lake, 
which  once  occupied  a  considerable  part  of  the 


Willam(!ttc  valley.  We  mention  these  things 
simply  to  show  why  we  do  not  follow  and 
transcribe  upon  these  pages  the  recitals  of 
those  who  wrote  as  history  so  much  that  was 
purely  imagiinition. 

'I'liere  w<'re  really  but  a  few  divisions  of  the 
Indian  people  in  lower  Oregon  !U)rth  of  the 
Calla|)0oia  mountains,  including  the  valley  of  the 
Columbia  on  both  sides  of  the  stream,  and  the 
valley  of  the  Willamette  river.  These  were 
the  Cliinooks,  whose  territory  extended  from 
the  Cascades  of  the  Columbia  to  the  ocean  on 
both  sides  of  that  stream,  and  extended  up  the 
Willamette  to,  and  including  the  falls.  Then, 
inhabiting  the  Willamette  valley  to  the  sununit 
of  the  Callapooia  range,  and  from  the  Coast 
Kange  to  the  foothills  of  the  Ciscades  were  the 
Callapooias.  The  Molalla  tribe  held  a  terri- 
tory on  the  western  slope  of  the  (Cascade  range 
along  the  heads  of  all  the  streams  that  How  into 
the  Willamette  from  the  east,  an<l  extending  on 
the  crests  of  the  (cascades  to  lieail  waters  of  the 
streams  that  flow  into  the  Des  Chutes  river 
On  the  coast  west  of  the  Willamette  valley 
were  the  Tillamooks,  hardly  to  be  distinguished 
from  the  Cliinooks,  whose  country  bounded  theirs 
on  the  north.  South  of  the  Callapooia  mount- 
ains and  inhabiting  the  Um|i<jua  valley  from 
its  head  to  the  sea  were  the  Umpqiias.  South 
of  these,  in  the  Rogue  river  valley,  and  continu- 
ing into  California  were  the  Shastiis.  North  of  the 
Columbia  and  west  of  the  Cascades  tribal  bound- 
aries and  distinctions  were  less  marked.  The 
Cowlitz  band  occupied  the  valli'y  of  the  river  of 
that  name  and  were  closely  allied  to  the  Clii- 
halis  band,  who  occupied  that  river  and  the  coun- 
try about  Gray's  Harbor.  The  Nisqually  tribes 
held  the  country  about  the  head  of  Admiralty 
inlet.  West  of  Admiralty  inlet  and  south  of 
the  straits  of  Fuca  were  the  Clallams,  besides 
which  a  band  known  by  several  appellations  oc-. 
cupied  the  remainder  of  the  coast  southward  to 
the  country  of  the  Chinool.s.  All  these  tribes 
in  varying  degree  had  the  peculiarities  we 
have  already  described  as  belonging  to  the  In- 
dians of  the  "  lowlands." 


80 


HISTORY    OF    OREaoN. 


i 


If 


Kii-t  of  tlic  Ca.-caile  iiioiiiitniiM  liegiiiniiii^  in 
tlie  tiiHitli  were  tin'  Klairiatlis,  wliii'li.  us  ii  im- 
tiiiii,  may  liu  iMiisiiliTt'il  iis  iiiuliidiiii^  the  Modocs. 
They  iiiliiihit  ii  iHi-f^e  iv^iidi  aroiiixl  the  Ivluiii- 
ntli  lakos,  tlieir  (•(Uiiitry  fXtiMidiiii;  northward 
to  ilie  lieadwatei*  of  tlie  Def  Chutes  river  and 
the  territory  of  the  Wiiseopninti,  wliose  country 
hiy  iiloiiif  till-  cnstrrn  sIo|h"  of  tiie  (Jaseadefi  and 
extended  to  the  Columbia  river.  North  ol 
this  \VH^  the  Iviikitnt  nation  of  wiiiuh  tho  Ya- 
kima Indians  were  a  part;  the  Yakima  8[)eefli 
being  Imt  a  dialect  of  the  Klikitat  hin>;iiu<je. 
East  of  the  Klikitats  lay  the  territory  of  tiie 
"Walla  \Vallas,  occM|iyini^  the  conntry  on  both 
sides  of  the  Columbia,  about  the  junetiun  of 
that  stream  with  Snake  river.  Kast  and  soutii- 
east  of  these,  extending  across  the  i'lue  mount- 
ains and  includiii;;  the  valley  of  the  (Jraiid 
Uonde  were  the  (Jayuses.  Nortlieast  of  tlie 
country  of  the  ('aynses,  embracini;  Miltowa  val- 
ley on  the  south  of  Snake  rivers,  Columbia 
and  Salmon  river  valleys  on  its  north,  and 
s.vcepinji  to  the  very  summit  range  of  the 
Kocky  mountains,  was  the  vast  region  known  as 
the  Nez  Perces.  The  Shosiiones  were  in  the 
valley  of  Snake  river  about  the  mouth  of  the 
IBorsey  and  I'ayette,  and  east  of  them  were  the 
Bannech.s.  North,  and  yet  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountain  rani,ff  were  the  Flatbeads.  Of  course 
thi^  tnunieration  does  not  include  all  the  classes 
or  sid)divi8ion8  of  tribes,  which  were  almost 
without  number,  and  each  of  which  had  a 
dialect  of  its  own,  but  is  propably  as  accurate 
a  division  of  the  tribes  as  can  well  be  made. 
Indeed  it  was  made  as  early  as  1840,  by  one  as 
well  (jualitied  to  make  it  as  any  man  could  be, 
after  the  country  had  been  long  enough  known 
anil  tiiorongldy  enough  explored  to  ascertain 
the  facts,  and  while  the  tribes  were  yet  in  their 
vigorous   life. 

The  tribes  named  as  east  of  the  Cascade 
mountains  were  what  we  have  named  the  "liigli- 
land"  tribes. 

Of  all  that  we  have  named  the  Nez  Perces 
liad  the  highest  degree  of  intelligence,  and  prob- 
ably of  social  morality  also.     The  men  were  tall. 


large,  upright  in  bearing,  generally  of  open 
countenance  and  intelligent  expression.  The 
women  were  rather  fairer  in  color,  and  much  fairer 
in  form  or  feature,  with  easier  and  more  grace- 
ful carriage  thai,  the  women  of  other  tribes. 
They  were  also  much  neater  in  person.  With 
this  statement  made  on  the  antlior's  own  obser- 
vatiotm  amoni;  all  the  trib(!s  named,  the  state- 
nient  of  all  trav(<lers,  traders  and  missionaries 
agree.  Though  they  were  brave  in  war,  yet  it 
was  long  before  a  Nez  I'erces  took  up  arms 
against  the  white  man;  but  when  he  did,  as  onr 
readers  will  see  in  the  "Indian  wars,"  ho  proved 
hiint^elf  the  ecpial  in  generalship  and  in  valor  to 
his  whitefaced  brother.  The  Xez  I'eices  have 
withstood  contact  with  civilization  better  than 
any  other  tribe  of  the  Northwest,  and  they  have 
taken  on  not  a  little  of  the  spirit  of  its  progress. 
They  have  many  farms,  with  improved  imple- 
ments of  husbandry;  many  homes  with  organs, 
sewing  machines,  carpets  and  other  comforts 
of  civilized  life.  What  Lewis  and  Clarke  found 
them  when  they  reached  their  country  in  the 
autumn  of  1805,  and  what  Bonneville  described 
them  as  he  found  them  twonty-tive  years  later, 
they  have  been  found  up  to  the  present  time. 

The  Nez  Perces  have  had  some  chiijftains 
worthy  in  all  respects  to  take  rank  with  Brandt. 
Tecnniseh.  Keokuk,  or  any  of  the  chieftains 
of  the  Eastern  States.  Ishholhoatshoats,  or  Law- 
yer, as  he  was  named  by  the  whites,  was  both  a 
statesnnm  and  a  w.irrior.  Bold  yet  cautious, 
he  knew  when  and  how  to  strike  the  most 
effective  blows.  Timothy,  the  first  man  ad- 
mitted to  membership  in  the  church  under  Mr. 
II.  II.  Spaulding,  for  so  many  years  the  teacher 
of  this  people,  had  a  commanding  manhood,  and 
was  the  brave  and  steadfast  friend  of  the  whites. 
Joseph  the  younger,  who  never  forgot  that  he 
was  an  Indian,  and  as  such  cleaved  to  his  people 
to  the  last,  was  a  consummate  soldier;  and, 
though  his  forces  were  much  smaller  than  those 
of  General  Howard  in  the  great  Nez  Perces 
war  he  proved  that  on  the  battlefield  or  in  the 
inarch  ho  was  as  brave  and  resourceful  as  that 
able   and    indefatigable    general,  and   that    he 


■S^r' 


HISTORY    OV   ORBOON. 


St 


conld  liolil  lii)>  warriorit  to  tliu  lille's  front  rh 
steadily  niid  loiif;  im  he  could  lii»  iraiiicil 
rtoidiurti. 

Tliu  (!i»yut<e«  were  nearly  related  to  the  Nez 
I'orceh.  Their  eoiiiitry  Ijinif  coiitifjiioii.i,  and 
beinj^  of  ttiiich  the  same  character,  with  iio  ditH- 
chU  natural  harrier  hctweefi  them,  the  trihen 
had  intermarried  ton  considerable  extent.  Still 
the  character  ot"  the  Cayuses  was  not  kh  nohle 
and  truthful  as  was  that  of  their  relatives. 
They  were  more  treacheroun  and  warlike,  and 
less  susceptible  to  improvement.  It  was  among 
tliefe  people,  on  the  northern  margin  of  their 
territory,  that  Dr.  Marcus  Whitman  established 
his  missionary  station  in  1836,  and,  after  he 
had  given  them  eleven  years  of  the  most  de- 
voted instructions  in  the  arts  of  peace  and  in 
the  j)rincipleH  of  ('hristiaiiity,  it  was  they  who 
t)arl)ari>nsly  murdered  him  and  his  devoted  and 
cultivated  wife  in  a  moment  of  savage  frenzy, 
as  related  elsewhere.  In  all  the  wars  with  the 
whites  occurring  in  eastern  Oregon  the  Cayuses 
were  deeply  and  criminally  involved.  Lacking 
in  intelligence  and  ntibleness  of  the  Nez  I'er- 
ces,  they  also  lacked  their  real  bravery.  Still 
they  were  cunning,  crafty,  full  of  alertness  and 
energy,  and  by  no  means  a  foe  to    be    despised. 

The  Walla  Wallas,  with  their  associated  bands, 
were  at  one  time  the  most  renowned  of  the 
tribes  of  the  Columbia  valley.  At  the  time  of 
the  visit  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  their  great  Chief- 
tain, Yellept,  exerted  an  influence  over  tlie 
Indians  of  that  valley  like  that  which  Tecumsoh 
exercised  over  those  of  the  valley  of  the  Ohio. 
Tradition  makes  liim  a  man  of  real  greatness; 
one  of  those  rare  human  productions  that  oc- 
casionally appear  among  all  peoples  and  all  races 
that  seem  to  set  the  high-water  mark  of  human 
capability  and  po\ver  for  the  generation;  or,  to 
use  a  better  figure,  in  which  human  greatness 
sweeps  to  the  aphelion  of  its  orbit,  and  from 
which  there  are  generations  and  ages  of  reces- 
sion. Such  men  do  appear,  and  among  the 
Indians  such  were  Philip,  Tecumseh,  Black 
Hawk,  Joseph,  Yellept;  and  they  make  the  up- 
permost  sweep  of    the  power  and    life  of   the 


Indian  race.  Yellept  was  known  in  hirt  life, 
and  is  known  now  in  tra<lition,  as  probably 
uniting  in  himself  more  (d'  what  to  such  u  race 
symliolizcd  greatness  than  any  other  Indian  of 
the  I'acitic  slopf.  The  stories  that  tin;  traditions 
of  the  Walla  Walla  tribe  rehearse  of  his  |)rowess 
on  the  l)attlc-Held,  as  well  as  of  his  ability  and 
8tatesmanshi|)  in  the  councils  of  the  mition, 
stamp  him  as  a  man  who,  had  he  lived  under 
better  auspices,  with  the  culture  of  generations 
of  civilization  terminating  in  him  as  in  them, 
he  woulil  have  ranked  with  the  Ciesars  and 
llannibals  of  the  olden  ages,  or  the  Wellingtons 
and  (irants  and  Jacksons  of  the  later  days.  Nor 
are  these  traditions  only  those  of  the  Indians, 
fo"-  Vellept's  career  did  not  terminate  until  some 
years  after  the  founiliiig  of  Astoria  and  the 
establishment  of  Foit  Walla  WalLi  by  the 
English  fur  companies,  and  from  the  whites 
who  knew  him  the  same  memories  of  his  i)ravery 
and  statesmanship  arc  handed  down  to  us. 

His  death  was  as  remarkable  for  its  pathos 
and  tragedy  as  any  on  record,  as  one  final  illus- 
tration of  these  elements  in  Indian  character, 
which  best  define  and  inteipret  greatness  to 
them,  is  worthy  a  j)hu'e  on  this  page.  A  few 
sentences  regarding  his  life  may  prelude  the 
record  of  the  scene  of  his  death. 

lie  was  the  father  of  tive  sons,  all  inheritors 
of  their  father's  cjreatness  and  bravery.  Of  them 
bo  was  proud, and  he  looked  to  them  to  perpetuate 
the  story  of  his  own  reign  over  his  beloved  {)eo- 
ple.  They  were  all  proud  of  their  great  father, 
and  most  ardently  attached  to  each  other.  The 
eldest  son,  heir  to  the  chieftainship,  was  slain 
in  battle  while  boldly  and  bravely  leading  his 
people  in  the  charge.  The  old  man's  grief  for 
bis  first-born  was  bitter  indeed.  Hefore  even  its 
bitterness  had  been  at  all  assuaged  the  second 
was  also  cut  down,  and  then  the  third  and  the 
fourth  in  battle  or  by  disease.  But  one  remained, 
and  in  him  w€re  centered  all  the  hopes  and 
afFectiou  of  his  heart.  But  disease  breathed  its 
withering  pestilence  over  him,  and  the  last  son 
expired  before  the  chieftain's  eyes.  He  left  his 
shadowed     wigwam     where     lay    his    bitterly 


89 


niMToiir   uF  oiiKiios. 


iiKiiiriit'il  ilcdil.  went  to  Kurt  \Viillii  Wiillii,  wliicli 
was  iiiiiiM'il  \t\  I'jpylihliiiu'ii,  mill  told  thi'iii  of 
tlit>  (Icatli  of  \m  litxt  8oti,  1111(1  linked  tliiit  lie  ii)ii;lit 
lie  Ipiii'icil  ii('('c(nliii;j;  tn  llii'  Kliglisll  cnntnlii.  Ilin 
ivUMCHt  vvMtt  j.'iiiiite(l.  Tilt:  fiiiKTiii  Hurvie'c  watt 
reiwl  ovt'i-  his  ruiiiitiim,  nnil  thecottiii  \vui»  lowertnl 
iiitii  the  frnivo  aiiiitl  tlic  wailing  of  liis  pi'o|ile. 
Witii  a  coiintciiaiici'  iiidicatiiii'  the  iitiiioHt  do- 
tt-riiiiimtioii  anil  siiiciTity,  lu<  stujipMl  to  the  hoad 
of  the  ilet'[i(liii^  j;ravi'.  and  rcijiiested  IiIh  jieople 
to  lie  sili'iit.  lie  then  rehearf*ed  to  tlieiii  the 
Btory  of  his  life,  wliieh  hud  lieen  ho  Ion;;  tlm 
j^lory  and  the  c^reatnesH  of  the  Walla  Walla  na- 
tion. With  a  i'ather's  tendernexs  and  a  cliief- 
tain'it  pride,  he  relienrrted  the  Ktory  of  tlie  deeds 
of  IiIk  five  Kons,  the  hint  of  whom  now  lyinj;  in 
the  eotKii  nnder  his  feet,  dead;  and  he  wan  now 
Ktandini^  like  a  tree  whose  branches  had  been 
broken  otl',  whose  trunk  had  Ix-en  riven  and 
blasted  by  the  thunderbolts.  He  then  an- 
nounced to  them  the  8tartlin<;  fact  that  he  had 
resolved  not  to  survive  the  burial  of  his  youu)^- 
est  son,  and  nishinj^  into  the  grave  he  stretched 
himself  iipo!i  the  cofHn  of  hie  son  and  com- 
manded his  people  to  bury  him  with  his  beloved 
boy.  A  mighty  burst  of  lainentatiju  ii'e  upon 
the  breeze;  but  this  lastcommund.of  tiic  mighty 


chieftain  whs  us  rciulily  olHtyeil  as  any  he  had 
ever  issued  in  the  butth<  or  the  camp.  And 
tliiiH,  in  this  voluntary  Hulf-iminolution  on  the 
altai  of  his  love  and  sorrow  for  his  faiiiilv  and 
nation,  |>erisheil  the  greatest,  as  well  as  the  best 
ehieftaiii  of  the  Walla  Wiilla  mition. 

In  later  years  something  of  the  renown  of 
thi«  days  of  Vellept  returned  under  the  intlueneu 
of  Pou-|Kjn-mox-iTiox,  called  by  the  Kni^lish, 
yellow  serpent.  lie  was  so  near  us,  indeed 
contemporary  with  some  of  us,  that  the  halo  of 
tradition  is  not  s|>r(ikd  over  his  [lamu;  but  had 
he  lived  when  his  nation  was  at  its  xenitli  of 
power,  liet'ore  its  enervating  contact  with  the 
vices  of  the  whites,  his  would  have  rivaled  the 
luunes  wo  have  before  (juoted  in  barbaric 
splendor.  Hut  with  his  last,  greit  effort  to  save 
his  people,  the  glory  of  the  Walla  Walla  tribe 
expired,  and  since  he  tell  they  have  been  but 
a  feeble  and  fallen  remnant  of  decayed  barbar- 
ism. 

We  have  dwelt  somowhr.t  at  length  on  the 
story  of  these  tribes  l>eeau8e  they  were  the  best 
representatives  of  Indian  life  in  the  interior  of 
Oregon,  when  that  lifi<  was  best  of  anywhere  on 
the  northwest  coast;  but  it  is  not  necessary  to 
follow  it  further. 


-^^^m^m^^ — 


\\  I 


UIHTOHV    Oh'    iiHKiloy. 


03 


CIIAITEK  IV. 

EAKLIKHT  UIHCOVKHIE8. 
Si'AI.N      I'lIK    PloNKKK    OK    DiSroVKItV — SkAKCII  KOK    A    NoKTIlWKST    PaWA((K  — SlMltl  r     OK     CoNyL'KsT 

— CoKTKZ-  Mkndoza's  Voyaok — Fkukm.o  Fikst  Discovekki)  Okkoon- -Rivals  to  Si-ain  — 
SiK  Kkancis  Dkakk— His  (Ji.aims  ok  Disiovkky — Cavkndisii — Skiiasiian  Viscaino  Stim- 
SKAKi'HiNa    Koit    TiiK    Stbaits    OK    Aman — Hiiosdn's    Hav  Comi'any  Chaktkrkm — Risk    ok 

RutisiA — Pktek    tmk    (}kkat^|{i:iiiun()'m    Votacikh — Caitain    Jamk»    ('ook  and    his    Dis- 

0OVKBIK8  —  IllH      DkaTII — ()kE(10N      StILI,      LlTTMi      IvNOWN — Si'ANIAKDS      AuAIN      E.NTKK      THK 

L18T8 — QiiiMi'KK — Straits  of  Fuca. 


fllK  earlie«t  discoverieH  011  the  American 
continent  nmdo  i)y  any  portion  of  the 
civilized  world,  if  we  do  not  count  the 
soincwiiiit  inytiiiciil  ones  attrilmtcd  to  North- 
men on  the  count  of  Groeiiland,  were  made  in 
1492,  under  the  aiinpicesof  Spain:  at  that  time 
one  of  tiie  most  powerful  and  agj^ressive  nations 
of  Europe.  This  discovery  of  a  New  World  he- 
iiind  the  western  seas  kindled  an  aj^e  already 
tired  with  a  8|)irit  of  romantic  adventure  and 
religious  zeal  to  a  much  greater  enthusiasm  of 
conquest  and  siilijugation.  As  Spain  had  leu 
in  the  discoveries  that  had  thus  opened  the  new 
continent  to  the  mnltitioiis  of  the  enterprising 
and  adventurous,  it  was  only  natural  ihat  her 
sailors  should  haste  to  follow  the  path  that  the 
galleys  of  Columbus  had  marked  for  them  over 
the  seas,  and  her  soldier-adveiilurers  should  en- 
ter on  a  courso  of  conquest  in  the  countries  dis- 
covered. The  stories  of  the  sailors  who  hud 
returned  to  the  ports  of  Spain  invested  the  new 
lands  visited  by  them  with  a  glory  of  fabulous 
wealth  that  could  easily  be  gfithered  from  the 
semi-civilized  savage  tribes  found  there  by  the 
stronger  arms  of  the  men  of  Castile. 

Inspired  by  the  numerous  stories,  three  years 
had  not  passed  before  they  had  began  the  con- 
quest of  the  islands  off  the  southeastern  coast  of 
the  American  mainland,  by  the  subjugation  of 
Hayti.  In  1511  the  island  of  Cuba  was  invaded 
and  conquered  in  the  name  of  the  king  of  Spain. 


Three  years  afterward  Vasco  Nunez  de  Balboa 
crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Darieii  and  discovered 
the  great  south  sea,  of  which  such  knowledge 
had  already  been  communicated  liy  the  natives 
that  it  had  already  l)een  designated  on  the  maps 
of  European  geographies.  Seven  years  later 
Magellan  entered  it  by  the  straits  that  bear  his 
name  and  gave  it  the  name  of  the  "Facitic." 
In  1519Cortez  landed  in  Mexico  at  the  head  of 
an  army  of  950  men,  and  inva<led  tlie  ancient 
i.'ugdom  of  the  Montezutnas.  Two  years  suf- 
ficed for  its  subjugation.  In  1537,  C-ortez,  seek- 
ing further  conquests  to  the  westward  of  Mex- 
ico, landed  at  Santa  Cruz,  near  the  low  -r 
extremity  of  il"!  peninsula  of  California.  Find- 
ing nothing  to  tempt  his  cupidity  or  his  chiv- 
alry, he  soon  abandoned  the  country  an<i  re- 
turned to  Mexico.  This  was  the  beginning  of 
discovery  by  the  nations  of  Europe  on  the 
Pacific  coast  ol^  the  American  continent.  P>ut 
such  had  been  the  unpropitious  results  of  the 
attempts  of  Cortez  to  find  tempting  food  for 
adventure  west  and  north  of  Mexico,  that  it  is 
Ijiicly  discovery  would  have  stayed  its  progress 
in  that  direction,  had  not  other  motives  prompted 
its  advance  from  another  quarter.  Tliese  were 
the  hopes  and  efforts  of  ?]uropean  discoverers  to 
find  a  Northwest  passage  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  through  the  American  continent  to  the 
Indian  seas. 

Before  1500  one  of  the  adventurous  navigat- 


34 


aiSTOUY    OF    OREQON. 


% 


ors  of  Portugal,  Vascia  de  (THiiia,  had  reached 
the  Indian  Ocean  l>y  sailinij  eiv^tward  from  Lis- 
bon around  tiie  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  (Caspar  (Jor- 
tereai,  aiiotb.or  eminent  Portngnese  discoverer, 
explored  tiio  Atlantic  coast  of  North  America 
in  15(K),  and  sailinir  around  Labrador  entered 
the  straits  wiiich  opened  westward  under  the 
00°  of  iioitii  latitude.  Through  these  lie  pa.«8ed 
into  what  is  now  known  as  Hudson's  Bay,  and 
believed  tiiat  he  had  entered  waters  which  led 
into  the  Indian  ocean,  and  had  accomplished, 
by  sailing  westward  from  tlie  west  coast  of 
Knrojie,  what  Vasca  de  Gama  had  by  sailing 
eastward, — the  discovery  of  a  passage  to  the 
wealth  of  Asia,  so  little  was  then  known  of  the 
geography  of  the  world.  To  the  straits  through 
which  lit,  bad  passed  be  gave  the  name  of  Anian, 
and  the  land  south  of  them  he  called  Labrador. 
When  Magellan,  in  lo'^O,  sailed  into  the  Pa- 
cific, through  the  straits  to  which  liis  own  name 
was  given,  and  continued  his  voyage  westwanl 
until  the  whole  world  was  circumnavigated,  the 
belief  of  navigators  in  the  existence  of  the 
straits  of  Anian  was  greatly  strengthened.  This 
arose  from  their  belief  tiiat  the  straits  of  Ma- 
gellan were  only  a  narrow  passage  piercing  the 
heart  of  the  continent,  where  it  was  much  nar- 
rower than  elsewhere;  and  they  suppjsed  the 
same  thing  would  exist  to  the  north,  especially 
since  (Vrtereal  had  reporteil  its  discovery.  For 
Miiiny  years  tlie  chief  efforts  of  explorers  were 
put  forth  for  its  real  discovery.  The  efforts  of 
Si)ain  were  mainly  directed  from  the  Pacific 
side  of  the  continent,  while  England  France, 
I'ortugal  and  Holiund  iiuide  theirs  from  the 
eastern.  It  is  not  necessary  to  our  history  to 
follow  the  course  and  story  of  these  expensive 
and  continued  efforts,  as  they  had  but  a  remote 
bearing  on  the  history  of  Oregon;  but  this 
fal)le  of  tne  noithwest  i)a8Bage  kept  up  the  spirit 
of  discovery  for  many  years,  and  the  search  for 
it  was  p^rticijjated  in  by  all  tlie  leading  niara- 
tiine  nations  of  the  world.  The  first  knowledge 
of  the  countries  on  the  Pacific  coast  was  not  to 
come,  however,  from  any  passage  of  the  straits 
of  Anian,  but  from  the  spirit  of  conquest  that 


the  conquest   of    Mexico   had    kindled    in    the 
south. 

After  the  snbjugation  of  Mexiex),  Cortez  be- 
gan the  construction  of  vessels  on  tlie  coast  of- 
Central  America  for  use  on  the  Pacific.  After 
these  vessels  had  been  employed  for  some  time 
on  the  lower  coasts,  they  were  sent  directly 
across  the  Pacific,  but  he  constructed  others  in 
which  he  directed  expeditions  along  the  Mexi- 
can coasts  and  in  Lower  ('alifornia.  He  dis- 
covered the  gulf  of  California  and  the  Colorado 
river.  He  made  an  attempt  at  colonization  at 
Sant."*  Cruz,  in  Lower  California  The  first  at- 
tempt to  pass  around  the  peninsula  of  Califor- 
nia was  made  in  1539,  by  Francisco  de  Ul'oa, 
the  energetic  and  can..ole  assistant  of  Cortez  in 
all  his  ojjerations  on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico. 
He  succeeded  in  reachin>r  the  twenty-eighth  de- 
gree of  latitude,  but  as  so  baftied  by  head 
winds  and  sickness  among  his  men,  that  he  was 
compelled  to  return  to  Mexico. 

Don  Antonio  de  Mendoza,  a  Spanish  noble- 
man of  high  rank,  succeeded  Cortez  as  viceroy 
of  New  Sprtiii.  He  dispatched  an  expeilition  of 
two  small  vessels,  commanded  by  Juan  Rodri- 
guez Cabrillo,  and  dispatched  it  in  1542  to 
search  for  the  straits  of  Anian,  and  incidentally 
to  discover  any  of  those  civilized  nations  that 
the  traditions  of  the  Indians  or  the  imagination 
of  the  Ciucassiaus  located  in  the  northwest. 
He  followed  the  coast  as  far  north  as  88",  but 
encountered  a  violent  storm,  which  drove  him 
several  degrees  backward.  He  found  shelter  in 
a  small  harbor  on  the  island  of  San  iiarnardino, 
lying  near  the  coast  in  latitude  34°,  which  he 
called  "  Port  Possession,"  and  which  was  the 
first  point  on  the  California  coast  of  which  the 
Spaniards  took  possession.  Here  Cabrillo  died, 
in  .lanuary,  1543,  and  the  command  ilevolved 
on  Hartolome  Ferrelo.  who  again  headed  the 
vessels  to  the  northward  and  voyaged  np  the 
coast.  He  reached,  on  the  1st  of  March,  a 
point  as  high  as  44°,  as  given  by  some  antli'  ri- 
ties,  and  withoi't  doubt  should  be  credited  with 
having  first  discovered  the  coast  of  Oregon, 
though    he   made  no  chart  of    its  outline,  and 


niSTOBY    OF    OliEOON. 


made  no  landing  upon  it.  The  results  of  the 
voyage,  and  of  some  expeditions  sent  inland 
under  Alearou  and  Coronado,  satisfied  the  vice- 
roy that  the  wealthy  nations  of  tlie  coast  and 
country  north  of  Mexico  existed  only  in  Indian 
fables,  and  that  if  any  straits  of  Aiiian  existed 
they  must  be  far  north  of  the  fortieth  parallel 
of  latitude,  and  all  effort  to  explore  the  country 
to  the  northward  was  abandoned.  IJut  Spain 
was  complete  mistress  of  the  Pacific.  Her  flag 
<loiniiiated  that  mighty  ocean,  and  her  enemies 
were  unable  to  attack  her  in  that  vital  source  of 
her  wfealtli  and  power.  But  this  could  not  long 
continue  when  the  rivals  and  enemies  of  Spain 
were  such  powers  as  En;jfland  and  France.  And, 
besides,  this  was  the  era  of  tlie  "  buccaneers," 
who  roved  the  seas,  even  in  times  of  peace, 
under  the  privity  and  encouragement  of  their 
sovereigns,  and  they  wnre  not  less  interested 
than  the  naval  forces  of  the  government  of 
western  Europe  to  find  a  way  to  reaflli  and  caj)- 
ture  the  richly  laden  galleons  of  Spain,  on  their 
way  from  the  mines  of  Mexico  to  the  treasuries 
of  Lisbon  and  Madrid.  These  alio  sought  the 
straits  of  Anian,  but  despairing  at  last  of  find- 
ing them,  invaded  the  Pacific  by  the  dreaded 
way  of  Magellan.  With  their  appearance  on 
the  Pacific  the  security  of  Spanish  shipping  on 
the  southern  seas  ceased  forever. 

The  num  who  led  this  crusade  of  freebooters 
against  the  ships  and  wealth  of  Spain  on  the 
Pacific,  was  Sir  Francis  Drake.  He  was  an 
English  seaman  of  much  fame,  a  daring  adven- 
turer and  an  expert  mariner.  With  three  ves- 
sels he  entered  the  Pacific  through  the  straits 
of  Magellan.  One  was  soon  wrecked,  another 
returned  to  England,  but  with  the  third  he  con- 
tinued up  the  coast,  scattering  terror  among  the 
Spanish  shipping  and  levying  heavy  contribu- 
tions oTi  the  defenseless  j)orts.  Loaded  with  plun- 
der, he  continued  northward  on  the  same  boot- 
less search  for  the  straits  of  Anian  that  had  be- 
guiled all  the  navigators  of  England  and  Spain 
80  long,  and  which,  of  course,  returned  to  him 
only  their  disappointment.  How  far  he  sailed 
northward  it  is  hurd  to  determine,  some  authori- 


ties placing  his  highest  latitmle  iit  4ii°,  and 
some  at  48".  Tiie  English  writers  claim  the 
latter,  and  the  American  the  former.  Doubt- 
less the  question  of  title  to  Oregon,  on  the 
ground  of  discovery,  as  between  Spain  and 
England,  in  which  the  United  States  was  in- 
volved by  her  purchase  of  the  rights  of  Sjtaiti, 
account  for  that  disagreement.  If  lie  reached 
only  the  forty-third  degree,  his  discoveries  were 
anticipated  by  the  Sj)aniard,  Ferrelo,  by  thirty- 
five  years.  If  he  reached  the  forty-eighth  de- 
gre(\  then  England's  right,  by  discovery  of  the 
coast  far  north  of  tiie  mouth  of  the  Columbia 
river,  was  undeniable.  The  accounts  published 
of  this  voyage  of  Drake  bore  so  little  evidence 
of  ri-liability  that  the  fair-minded  historian 
finds  it  difilcult  to  reach  a  satisfactory  conclu- 
sion as  to  the  fact  in  tlie  case.  There  is  little 
difference  which  was  the  fact,  since  it  wi,l  Ijc 
forever  impossible  to  adjudicate  the  di^pute,  and 
hence  the  honor  of  the  discovery  of  the  Oregon 
coast  will  remain  divided  between  the  Spaniard, 
Ferrelo,  and  the  Englishman,  Sir  Francis  Drake. 

In  the  month  of  June,  Drake  lay  in  a  harbor 
of  efuge,  probably  in  the  small  bay  north  of 
the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  now  known  as  Drake's 
bay.  Following  the  example  of  the  Spanish 
navigators,  he  landed  and  took  possession  of  the 
country  in  the  name  of  Great  Hritain,  giving  it 
the  title  of  "  Xew  Albion,"  as  the  Spaniards  had 
called  the  southern  point  of  the  coast  "  New 
Spain." 

Following  Drake,  and  encouraged  by  his  suc- 
cess came  Thomas  Cavendish,  and  other  English 
adventurers,  having  the  same  purposes  in  view 
as  Drake  himself,  namely,  the  capture  of  the 
richly  loaded  galleons  of  Spaiti,  and  the  discov- 
ery of  the  straits  of  Anian.  Without  any  reason- 
able com|»en8atioti  it  wouhl  greatly  lengthen  a 
narrative,  only  slightly  collateral  to  our  main 
design,  to  follow  the  story  of  their  depredations 
or  discoveries.  Besides,  there  was  so  much 
that  subsequent  information  has  p'-oven  to  be 
fiction  in  the  published  narratives  of  these  ex- 
]Hdition8  that  the  historian  is  sometimes  led  to 
wonder    if  any  part   of  them,   as  recorded,   i« 


m 


HISTORY    OF    ORKGON. 


crwlible.  In  some  of  them  places  and  water 
piissiiges  are  minutely  depiTibed  that  liave  loiifj; 
ago  been  proved  to  have  had  no  existence. 
Iliatory  cannot  siiford  space  even  to  catalofjne 
these  romances.  Sueli  stories  as  those  of  Mal- 
donado  and  of  .1  nan  de  Fuca  ninst  he  classed 
with  these,  and  thns  passed  by. 

There  is  really  nothiiij;  of  anthenticated  dis- 
covery on  tlie  Oregon  coast  to  relate  until  1602, 
when  Sebastian  Viscaino,  under  peremptory 
orders  from  Philip  III,  sailed  north  from  Aca- 
piilco,  entering  the  ports  of  San  Qnintin,  San 
Diego  and  Monterey,  Nothinjif  of  importance 
having  been  added  by  him  to  geographical  sci- 
ence, he  soon  after  returned  to  Acapuleo.  In 
January,  KiOB,  he  again  sailed  northward.  On 
this  voyage  he  reached  and  named  "  Cape 
Blanco,"  about  the  43"  of  latitude.  The  histo- 
rian of  the  voyage  of  the  little  craft  on  which 
he  sailed  says:  "  From  that  point  the  coast 
begins  to  turn  to  the  northwest,  and  near  it  was 
discovered  a  ra|)id  and  abundHnt  river,  with  ash 
trees,  willows,  brambles,  and  ether  trees  of 
Castile  on  its  banks."  An  unsuccessful  attempt 
to  enter  this  river,  which  was  probably  tlie 
Uinpqiia,  and  a  large  number  of  the  crew  was 
sick  with  the  scurvy,  the  commander  deterinined 
to  return  to  Acapuleo.  He  arid  his  pilot,  An- 
tonio Klores,  both  died  of  scurvy  on  the  way, 
and  were  buried  in  the  deep. 

S'ill  the  straits  of  Anian  remained  the  fable 
for  the  solution  of  which  the  navigators  of 
Eur()[)e  continued  to  search  on  both  coasts  of 
America,  (rradually,  but  generally,  the  i)elief 
came  to  be  entertained  that  these  straits  could 
be  fonnil  only  in  a  search  in  Hudson  hay.  To 
aid  in  their  discovery,  in  1(509,  Charles  II,  then 
king  of  England,  granted  to  a  coir.nany  of  his 
subjects  a  charter  guaranteeing  most  royal  priv- 
ileges in  consideration  of  their  agreement  to 
search  for  the  straits  of  Anian.  This  charter 
created  "The  Company  of  Adventurers  of  Eng- 
land Trading  into  Hudson's  Hay."  Tho  object 
expressed  in  the  charter  was,  '•  For  the  dis- 
covery of  a  new  passage  into  the  south  sea,  and 
for  the  finding  of  some  trade  in  furs  and  other 


considerable  comi^iodities."  This  is  the  organ- 
ization knowr.  in  history  as  "The  Hudson's  Day 
Company."  A6  its  history,  as  well  as  its  rela- 
tions to  the  ftorv  of  'Oregon,  will  be  continued 
later  in  this  book,  we  make  only  this  brief  ref- 
erence lo  It  liere,  simply  to  identify  it  as  one 
of  the  links  in  the  chaiti  of  div Mvery  on  the 
Oiegcn  coast. 

It  seems  strange  that  /■■■.i;;  i;.  >ue  of  the 
return  of  the  little  vessel  •  Agitilar  from  Cape 
liUnco  back  to  Mexico  in  161)3,  a  (entury  and 
more  elapsed  before  the  prow  of  anotlier  vessel 
cleft  the  waters  of  the  North  racific.  *  Hut 
suddenly  interest  in  tliese  regions  revived  again. 
In  the  north  of  Europe,  Russia  rose,  by  the 
genius  of  her  enlightened  monarch,  Peter  the 
Great,  from  an  almost  unknown  condition  to  a 
liijjh  rank  amonj;  the  nations  of  the  world.  He 
extended  the  powers  of  iiis  empire  eastward 
across  Silieria,  until  they  reached  the  liorean 
peninsula  of  Kaintchatka.  Then  he  songlit  to 
carry  them  still  farther  eastvrard  until  th«-y 
touched  the  western  confines  of  the  provi',  ,..? 
of  England,  Spain  and  France,  on  the  Am'  miuo 
continent.  How  far  that  might  be  It  nr  tv 
ni)t,  but  his  was  a  mind  not  to  be  dn  '!?■  1  h\ 
ditliculties  nor  distracted  by  doubts.  He  ordered 
vessels  to  Ik;  built  at  Ai'changel,  on  th«>  V/iil, 
sea,  for  the  puriKise  of  cruisinj?  :rii,tward,  and 
endeavoring  to  pass  into  the  Pacific  through 
the  Arctic  ocean.  Hefore  his  plans  were  com- 
pleted Peter  died,  and  was  succeeded  on  tho 
throne  by  the  Empress  Catharine. 

Tiiough  there  was  some  delay  in  prosecuting 
^Ile  designs  of  Peter  tho  Great,  as  soon  us  pos- 
sible, Catharine,  v,  liose  ability  was  eo  ,  to  that 
of  her  great  husband,  began  to  pusi  ■,'■■.:  i  for- 
ward. In  1728,  in  accordance  wit'!  ':■■■■:■  ui- 
structioiis,  vessels  were  built  on  the  cvw  t  of 
Kaintchatka,  and  dispatche*!  in  search  of  the 
passag'^  siipji)  ;  I  t>  exist  between  the  Arctic 
and  1  iv.'iuc  oceiiu^  Vitus  Beliring,  a  Danish 
navi;' tto!  of  '.sp'  it;.,'e  and  skill,  had  been  des- 
ignated by  Pet-^r  to  command  the  expeditii)n, 
and  his  selection  was  contirmed  by  Catliarine. 
He  sailed  in  .luly,  and  followed  the  coast  north- 


m 


U I  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


•i1 


westerly  until  he  found  it  bending  steadily  to 
the  west.  He  beciiine  convinced  that  he  had 
ulroady  entere<]  the  Arctic,  and  whh  sailing 
along  the  northern  coast  of  Asia,  having 
reached  the  07^  of  latitude.  Neither  going  nor 
returning  through  the  straits  did  he  discern  the 
east  lines  of  America,  as  the  prevalent  cloudy 
and  foggy  weather  obscured  it.  Being  unpre- 
pared to  winter  in  the  ice,  or  to  make  a  long 
and  t'.vposeil  voyage  in  the  open  sea,  he  returned 
to  the  port  of  his  embarkation. 

The  next  year  he  made  another  voyage,  in 
which  he  endeavored  to  lind  the  coast  of  America 
by  sailing  directly  eastward,  but  batHed  by  con- 
trary winds  was  obliged  to  take  refuge  in  the 
bay  of  Okotsk,  antl  abandoneil  the  effort  and  re- 
turned to  St.  Petersburg.  Other  Russian  expe- 
ditions followed,  but  without  decisive  result 
until  in  1732,'one  of  the  vessels  employed  was 
driven  by  the  winds  and  currents  on  the  Alaaka 
coast,  when  it  was  discovered  that  but  a  narrow 
strait  separated  North  America  from  Asia. 
Upon -this  was  bestowed  the  name  of  Bering. 

Other  expeditions  from  Russia  there  were,  but 
with  little  result  to  geographical  knowledge.  One 
in  1741,  under  Bering,  commanding  the  St.  Peter, 
and  Tcliirkoif,  commanding  the  St.  Paul,  came 
to  a  most  disastrous  end;  Tcliirkoif  himself 
tinally  ret\irning  with  but  a  few  of  his  men,  the 
remainder  having  been  bntchere<I  by  the  savages 
or  hung,  and  from  the  scurvy;  and  Bering's 
vessel  being  wrecked  on  a  little  granite  island 
between  the  Aleutian  Archipelago  an<l  Kain- 
tschatka,  and  where  Bering  and  many  of  his 
men  died  and  were  buried.  The  island  is  known 
as  "Boring's  Isle"  to  this  day. 

These  fugitive  efforts  of  Russia  to  make  dis- 
coveries on  the  American  continent  came  to  very 
little,  and,  as  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury was  reached,  the  geography  of  the  American 
coast  from  Bering's  straits  to  the  Spanish  pos- 
sessions in  the  south  consisted  of  mere  imagina- 
tive lines  drawn  on  the  charts  which  navigators 
had  made  of  seas  over  which  they  had  never 
sailed,  and  of  lands  they  had  never  visited.  The 
fact  was  that   Russia  was  not  a  maritime  na- 


tion, and  she  had  no  seamen  of  sufficient  scien- 
tific attainments  to  lead  the  discoverers  which 
she  was  in  a  most  *'Hvorab!e  situation  to  jjrose- 
cute.  Hence,  after  four  official  expeditions  had 
been  made  into  these  northern  seas,  and  private 
individuals  had  been  engaged  in  the  fur- trade 
for  a  third  of  a  century,  the  Russian  idea  of  the 
seas  between  northern  America  and  Asia  was 
that  they  were  large  seas  of  islands,  of  which 
the  largest  was  Alaska.  It  was  reserved  for 
Captain  Cook,  an  Englishman,  and  a  skillful  and 
scientific  navigator,  to  reveal  their  error. 

Captain  James  Cook  commanded  the  first 
English  vessel  to  visit  the  north  Pacific  seas.  He 
was  already  the  most  renowned  navigator  of 
England,' if  not  of  the  world.  He  had  achieved 
his  great  distinction  in  recent  voyages  of  dis- 
covery in  the  South  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean. 
The  desire  and  purpose  of  England  to  plant 
colonies  on  the  Pacific  coast  naturally  turned 
the  eyes  of  the  Lord  of  Admiralty,  to  him  as 
the  one  man  whose  past  success  guaranteed 
brilliant  results  in  the  new  expedition  contem- 
plated by  the  British  government.  Cook  did 
not  wait  to  be  invited,  but  volunteered  at  once 
to  command  the  expedition.  It  consisted  of 
two  vessels,  the  Resolution,  in  which  Cook  had 
already  passed  round  the  world,  and  the  Dis- 
covery, commanded  by  Captain  Charles  Clarke. 
These  vessels  were  well  suited  to  their  intended 
use,  and  were  furnished  for  it  as  perfectly  as 
science  and  experience  could  provide.  Cook's 
charts,  though  very  erroneous  in  the  light  of  his 
own  subsecjuent  discoveries,  were  the  most  per- 
fect that  geographical  knowledge  at  that  day 
could  devise.  There  was  on  them  a  compara- 
tive l)lank  between  latitude  -13"  and  56",  or  be- 
tween the  point  reached  by  the  Spanish  explora- 
tions in  the  south  and  those  of  Russia  in  the 
north.  Conjecture  had  placed  somewhere  witli- 
in  these  limits  the  great  river,  the  straits  of  Fuca 
and  the  river  of  Kings.  Cook  was  instructed 
very  particularly  to  prosecute  ins  research  on 
the  Pacific  coast  of  America  within  these  limits, 
and  especially  to  do  t\othitig  that  could  be  con- 
strued into  any  trespass  on  the  assumed  rights 


:■! 


33 


msTour  OF  ohkoon. 


\'<  ) 


of  Spain  or  Russia.  lie  was  directed  to  reacjii 
tile  coast  of  New  All)ion,  as  the  Enirlisii  called 
California,  and  not  to  touch  upon  atiy  part  ot' 
the  Spanisl;  dominions  unless  driven  to  it  by 
necessity,  \  tli'^n  to  treat  the  people  with 
"  civility    an  hip."      Fie    was    to    thor- 

,oughly  exaniii.t.  vast,  and  with  the  consent 

of  the  natives,  to  \...  .6  possession  in  the  name  of 
the  kinir  of  Great  Britain,  of  convenient  sta- 
tion in  such  countries  as  he  niijfht  discover  that 
had  not  alrea<ly  been  discovered  or  visited  by 
any  other  European  power,  and  to  distribute 
among  the  inhabitants  such  things  as  would  re- 
main as  traces  of  his  having  been  there,  but  if 
he  should  find  the  coniitries  mo  discovered  to  be 
uninhabited,  he  was  to  take  possession  of  them 
for  his  sovereign,  by  setting  up  proper  marks 
and  descriptions,  as  first  discoverers  and  pos- 
sessors. Thus  prepared  and  commissioned  Cap- 
tain Cook  set  sail  from  Plymouth,  England,  on 
the  twelfth  day  of  July,  1776. 

Eight  days  before,  an  event  had  occurred  in 
Philadelphia  on  the  eastern  coast  of  America, 
that  had  more  to  do  with  wresting  from  Great 
IJritain  the  ultimate  results  of  Cook's  explora- 
tions and  those  of  all  otiier  Englishman  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  than  all  others  in  history.  It  was 
the  Declaration  of  American  Independence,  by 
which  the  new  nation,  destined  to  dominate  the 
American  continent,  was  born  into  history. 

Cook  sailed  for  the  east,  rounded  the  cape  of 
Good  Hope,  explored  the  coasts  of  Van  Die- 
men's  Land  and  New  Zealand,  and  the  Society 
and  Friendly  islands.  Continuing  his  eastern 
course  on  the  18tli  of  January,  1778,  he  dis- 
covered the  Hawaiian  group,  which  he  named 
ill  honor  of  Lord  Sandwich,  the  "Sandwich 
islands."  Remaining  here  but  a  short  time,  he 
still  sailed  eastward,  and  on  the  7tli  of  March, 
1778,  sighted  the  coast  of  New  Albion,  near 
the  forty-fourth  parallel,  or,  in  what  is  now 
(Oregon,  near  the  mouth  of  the  (Tmpqua  river. 
Head  winds  forced  him  south,  but  as  soon  as 
possible  he  turned  to  the  north,  but  sailed  so 
far  off  shorts  that  he  did  not  again  see  land  un- 
til he  had  reached  the  48 '  of  latitinie,  when  he 


saw  a  bold  headland,  which  lie  named  "Cape 
Flattery,"  because  of  the  encouraging  prospects 
of  his  expedition.  He  was  directly  olf  the 
mouth  of  the  straits  of  Fuca,  but  his  charts 
misguided  him  by  placing  that  opening  south 
of  the  forty-eighth  parallel,  and  he  turned  south 
to  find  it.  Disappointed  here,  he  turned  again 
northward,  but  they  lay  too  far  off  and  passed 
the  straits  without  observing  them,  and  tinally 
cast  anchor  in  Nootka  sound.  From  this  port 
he  still  kept  his  northward  course,  and  on  the 
4th  of  May  sighted  Mount  St.  Elias,  where  he  be- 
gan a  most  thorough  search  for  the  straits  of 
Anian.  His  explorations  about  the  extreme 
northern  portion  of  the  American  coast,  in 
Bering  straits,  i-iid  the  Asiatic  coast  on  the 
Arctic  side  as  far  as  cape  North,  were  full  of 
painstaking  fidelity,  and  he  so  charted  those  re- 
gions that  many  of  the  fables  of  the  Russian  ex- 
plorers were  entirely  disproved.  On  the  9th  of 
August  he  reached  the  extreme  northwestern  cor- 
ner of  America,  and  named  the  point  "Cape 
Prince  of  Wales."  Without  attempting  any 
further  explorations  on  the  coast  of  America, 
he  sailed  directly  to  the  Sandwich  islands  for 
the  winter.  Here,  on  the  16th  of  February, 
177S),  in  an  encounter  with  the  natives,  he  was 
slain.  This  for  a  time  terminated  British  dis- 
coveries on  the  North- Pacific  coast.  When  the 
Resolution  and  Discovery  reached  England,  in 
October,  1780,  she  was  in  the  midst  ot  her 
strife  with  her  American  colonies  and  her  two 
immemorial  antagonists  and  rivals  across  the 
channel,  and  had  neither  time  nor  inclination 
to  engage  in  further  geographical  or  colonial 
enterprises. 

It  has  been  seen  by  those  who  have  carefully 
followed  the  line  of  our  record,  that  as  yet 
little  or  nothing  was  known  ot  the  Oregon 
coast.  The  sweep  of  discovery  and  explora- 
tions by  the  maritime  powers  of  England  had 
been  far  to  the  north  and  far  to  the  south.  The 
golden  dreams  that  the  vivid  imaginations  of 
the  Spaniards  had  woven  about  New  Spain, 
and  the  hope  of  England  to  lind  a  direct  pass- 
age from  western  ports  to  the  Pacific  through 


I 


UISTORT    OF    OKEOON. 


80 


the  fabled  straits  of  Anian,  easily  aw^oimt  for 
that  t'ftct.  The  prow  of  the  Kngliohixian's  vessel 
turned  toward  that  fabled  passage;  the  Spaniard's 
toward  the  land  of  gold.  Oregon  lay  between 
these  objective  points,  and  thus  remained 
unknown.  Hut  the  time  was  at  hand  when  the 
land  of  verdure  between  the  ice-land  of  the 
north  and  the  sun-seared  plains  of  the  south 
should  become  the  object  of  the  explorer's 
search,  as  well  as  the  subject  of  the  ruler's 
covet. 

In  1790,  ten  years  after  the  return  of  the 
Resolution  and  Discovery  from  their  eventful 
voyage,  tlie  Spaniards  again,  under  the  directioq 
of  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico,  dispatched  a  fleet  of 
their  vessels  to  the  north,  under  the  command 
of  Lieutenant  Francisco  Elisa,  with  directions 
to  take  possession  of  ^'ootka  sound,  fortify  and 
defend  it,  and  use  it  as  a  base  of  explorations. 
This  was  done,  and  a  series  of  explorations 
were  at  once  entered  upon.  Lieutenant  Alferez 
Manuel  Quimper,  in  the  Princesa  lieal,  in  the 
summer  of  1790,  left  Nootka  and  entered  the 
straits  of  Fuca,  examining  both  shores  for  a 
distance  of  one  hundred  miles.  He  turned 
southward  into  what  was  afterward  called  Puget 
sound.  Mistaking  it  for  an  inlet,  he  called  it 
Enconada  de  Caainafio.  He  gave  Spanish  names 
to  various  points  in  that  region,  all  of  which 
now  bear  names  afterward  given  by  Vancouver 
and  others,  except  the  main  channel  leading 
north,  which  he  named  "Canal  de  Lopez  de 
[laro;"  which  retains  its  Spanish  cognomen,  a 
monument  of  this  lirst  visit  of  a  civilized  keel 
in  the  waters  of  this  great  Mediterranean  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  On  the  first  of  August,  1790, 
Lieutenant  Elisa  took  formal  possession  of  that 
region  in  the  name  of  the  Spanish  sovereign  at 
port  "Nuftez  G-uona,"  now  known  as  Neah 
bay. 

In  1791,  Elisa  again  entered  the  Straits  of 
Fuca,  in  the  San  Carlos,  and  made  more  exten- 
sive and  particular  explorations  of  the  gulf  of 
Georgia,  as  far  north  as  latitude  50'^.  Observ- 
ing many  passagei.  extending  inland,  Elisa  con- 
cluded "that   the  oceanic  passage  so  zealously 


sought  by  foreigners,  if  there  is  one,  can  not  be 
elsewiiere  than  by  this  great  channel." 

The  most  satisfactory  explorations  ever  made 
by  the  Spanish  in  the  Northwest  were  those 
made  during  1791.  But  they  had  no  longer  a 
monopoly  of  discovery  or  trade  on  the  coast. 
Other  and  more  energetic  nations  had  entered 
the  lists  of  adventure  in  these  seas.  The  new 
flag  which  the  successful  revolt  of  the  iiritisii 
colonies  of  the  Atlantic  coast  had  nailed  to  the 
mast  of  empire — "  the  stars  and  stripes  " — was 
floating  from  the  masts  of  a  large  number  of 
vessels  which  were  hoverinjr  alonii  the  coast  and 
looking  into  every  bay  and  inlet  of  their  waters. 
Great  Britain,  too,  having  lost  her  colonial  pos- 
sessions on  the  Atlantic  south  of  the  St.  Law  ■ 
rence,was  more  anxious  than  ever  to  secure  others 
on  the  Pacific  seaboard,  and  nine  of  her  vessels, 
under  the  command  of  her  boldest  and  most  en- 
terprising seamen,  were  guarding  her  interests 
and  prosecuting  her  purposes  all  along  the  coast. 
With  the  nine  English  and  seven  American  and 
one  Spanish  vessels,  vigilant  and  keen-eyed,  and 
filled  with  a  spirit  of  national  competition  for 
new  empire,  added  to  the  vigorous  explorations 
of  the  Spanish  ships,  there  could  certainly  little 
remain  unknown  along  the  coast  line  of  the 
Northwest  for  many  months  longer.  So  when 
the  year  1791  had  gone  and  1792  had  come  the 
time  for  the  fulfillment  of  the  |)rophecy  of  these 
preparations  for  djicisive  discovery  had  come. 
We  shall  follow  only  the  story  of  these  vessels 
which,  during  this  year,  made  important  dis- 
coveries, and  established,  or  attemped  to  estab- 
lish, national  rights  that  influenced  the  course 
of  after  history.  By  the  vessels  representing 
them  the  Governments  of  the  United  States, 
Great  Britain,  Spain,  France  and  Portugal  were 
all  on  this,  coast.  Their  conflict,  however,  was 
not  that  of  guns,  but  of  enterprise  and  dis- 
covery; one  greater  than  that  of  broadsides,  and 
determining  the  future  of  a  vast  empire. 

The  movements  of  the  Spanish   vessels  were 

'\ainly    limited  to  a  repetition   of  the    already 

oft     repeated  effort    to    discover    a    northwest 

passage.    Spain  reasoned,  and  correctly  enough, 


'«  i 


40 


HI8T0BY    OF    OltKQON. 


V    > 


that  if  lier  vessels  were  compelled  to  double 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  then  sail  around 
Asia  to  reach  the  northwest  coast  of  America; 
or,  oil  the  othei*  hand,  to  pass  around  Capo 
Horn  to  reach  the  same  point,  it  was  not  worth 
her  while  to  seek  for  possessions  in  northwest 
America.  Henco,  if  the  straits  of  Anian  were 
a  myth  she  was  ready  to  gire  up  her  attempts 
at  northwest  colonization.  True,  the  ^[exican 
viceroy,  representing  the  Spanish  throne,  di- 
rected bis  vessels  in  these  waters  to  thoroughly 
exj)lore  the  straits  of  I'uca  and  the  connecting 
waters,  and  to  ascertain  if  there  were  not  con- 
venient points  south  of  the  entrance  of  those 
straits  for  the  establishment  of  Spanish  settle- 
ments, but  those  objects  were  subsidiary  to    the 


main  purpose  of  finding  the  connecting  passage 
between  the  Atlantic  and  the  I'acific.  Lieutenant 
Salvador  Fidalgo,  comman<ling  the  Princoi-a, 
in  pursuance  of  this  subsiiliary  purpose  landed 
at  Port  Nunez  Guona — now  Neah  bay — just 
within  the  entrance  of  the  straits  of  Fnca  and 
on  its  south  side,  where  he  erected  buildings 
and  fortilications;  but  the  main  purpose  failing, 
he  received  orders  to  abandon  the  post,  and  he 
removed  everything  to  Nootka.  With  tlie  sur- 
render of  this  purpose  Spanish  efforts  at  dis- 
covery and  colonization  on  the  northwest  coast 
practically  ended,  leaving  only  Great  Britain 
and  the  United  States  as  rivals  and  contestants 
in  these  fields  between  the  fifty-second  and  tifty- 
iiftli  degrees  of  north  latitude. 


1 


•^^:m^^ — 


CHAPTER  V.  '  . 

EAULIEST  DISCOVKKIKS,  CONTINUED. 

TiiK  Unitko  Statks  Bkoin  Exi'lokations — 1791-'92 — The  Nortmwkst  Skas  Filt.ed  With  Ex- 
PLORKRs — Spain  Stii.l  Seekino  for  the  Straits  of  Anian — She  Rktiues  From  the  Contest — 
Great  Britain  and  the  Uniti;!)  Staiks  Sole  IIivai-s — VAxcorvKR — ^His  Carefil  Examina, 

TioN  OF  THE  Coast — Passss  the  Mocth  ok  the   Culumiua — Hi.s  Journai Caitain  Grav 

Meets  Vancouver  —  Vancouver's  Voyaoe  Northward  into  Puoet  Sound  —  Ueturns 
Sditiiwakd — Lieutexant  Broi-oiiton  Enters  the  Coi.umuia — Discovery  ok  the  Coi.imbia 
BY  Cai-tain  Gray  —  Antecedent  Motives  -Boston  Association  for  Disooverv — The 
Columhia  and  Washington  JJispatched — Their  Voyage — The  Columbia  Returns  to  Bos- 
ton— Her  Second  Voyaoe — Reaches  the  Northwest  Coast—  Meets  Vancouver — They 
Part  Company — Gray  Di.sc<jvers  Bulfinch  Hakdor — ArrACKEO  »v  Indians — Enters  the 
Columbia  River — His  Journal — First  Real  Knowledge  of  tiik  Existence  ok  the  Great 
River — The  Ship  Columiha. 


fHESE  two  rival  powers  were  in  the  field: 
England  with  her  stored  and  storied  vigor 
of  her  Saxon  thirst  for  empire;  the 
United  States  with  the  Hush  and  fervor  of  youth- 
ful nationality  firing  her  to  action,  each  eager, 
contident,  determined;  and  each  realizing  the 
immense  value  of  the  stake  for  which  this  game 


of  discovery  was  being  played  on  these  northern 
and  western  seas.  First  let  ns  read  the  story  of 
l?ritain's  cruisers  and  captains  in  1792. 

The  two  vessels  that  represented  especially 
the  interests  of  Great  Britain  in  the  Northwest 
were  the  Discovery,  ''omnianded  by  Captain 
George    Vancouver,  and    the    Chatham,    com- 


niSTOHT    OF    ORBaON. 


41 


iiianded  by  LieiiteiiBiit  W.  K.  Brongliton.  Cap- 
tain Vancouver  was  already  auqnaintcd  with  the 
Ndrthwi'ht  coawt,  liuving  served  as  a  niidship- 
niaii  with  (Jajitain  ('ook  in  liis  voyages  of  dis- 
covery, to  wliicli  reference  has  already  been 
made.  His  cervicee  had  been  eo  eminent  that 
he  had  reached  the  post  of  captain  in  the  royal 
navy,  ,iiid  siicli  was  the  confidence  his  govern- 
ment reposed  in  him  that  he  was  made  com- 
inirsioner  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the 
Nootka  treaty  between  Ei^hlnd  and  S[)ain. 
Korthi*  purpose  he  was  on  the  coast;  but  Eng- 
land, ever  awake  to  ulterior  advantages,  di- 
rected him  to  connect  discovery  with  diplo- 
macy, and  especially  to  examine  the  "  supposed 
strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  said  to  be  situated  be- 
tween the  forty-eighth  and  forty-ninth  degrees 
of  north  latitude."  He  had  arrived  off  the 
coast  of  California,  near  Cape  Mendocino,  in 
April,  1792.  He  lost  no  time  in  entering  on  a 
very  careful  examination  of  the  coast  from  the 
point  of  his  arrival  northward;  and,  as  so  much 
of  the  subsequent  history  of  Oregon  turned  on 
the  discoveries  of  the  English  captain,  George 
Vancouver,  and  the  American  captain,  Robert 
Gray.  We  shall  follow  the  story  of  their  voy- 
ages more  minutely  than  we  have  those  of  any 
other  navigators. 

Captain  Vancouver  with  his  lieutenant, 
Broughton,  sailed  slowly  northward.  Their  ex- 
aminations of  the  shore-line,  were  minute.  Near 
the  forty-third  degree  of  latitude  they  sought 
carefully  for  the  river  which  the  Spanish  navi- 
gators had  represented  on  their  charts  as  enter- 
ing the  Pacific  at  that  point,  but  could  not  find 
it.  On  his  way  up  the  coast,  Vancouver- 
observed  very  carefully  the  "  Deception  bay " 
of  Means,  which  tlie  Spanish  charts  represented 
as  the  mouth  of  a  river.  That  our  readers  may 
see  just  the  conclusion  reached  by  this  really 
great  English  navigator  as  he  passed  up  the 
Oregon  coast,  and  by  the  mouth  of  the  great 
rivei"  of  the  West,  wo  give  quotations  from 
carefully  and  ably  written  journals.  He  writes 
under  date  of 

April    27:     Noon    brought    us    up   into    a 


conspicuous  point  of  land,  comprised  of  a  cIuk- 
ter  of  hummocks,  moderately  high,  and  project- 
ing into  the  sea.  On  the  south  side  of  this 
promontory  was  the  appearance  of  an  iidet,  or 
small  river,  tiie  land  not  indicating  it  to  bo  of 
any  great  extent;  nor  did  it  seem  to  be  accessi- 
ble for  vessels  of  our  burden,  as  tiie  breakers 
extended  from  the  above  point,  two  or  three 
miles  into  the  ocean,  until  they  joined  these  on 
the  beach,  nearly  four  leagues  further  south. 
On  reference  to  Mr.  Means'  description  of  the 
coast  south  of  this  promontory,  1  was  first  in- 
duced to  believe  it  was  Ca».'-  Shoalwater;  but, 
on  ascertaining  its  latitu<le.  1  i;."esumed  it  to  be 
that  which  he  calls  Cape  DisHppointnient,  and 
the  opening  south  of  it  Deception  bay.  This 
cape  we  found  to  be  in  latitude  of  46°  19', 
longitude  236°  6'  [east.]  The  sea  had  now 
changed  from  its  natural  to  river-colored  water, 
the  probable  consequence  of  some  streams  fall- 
ing into  the  bay,  or  into  the  opening  north  of 
it,  through  the  low  land.  Not  considering  this 
opening  worthy  of  more  attention,  I  continued 
our  pursuit  to  the  northwest,  being  desirious  to 
embrace  the  advantages  of  the  now  prevailing 
breezes  and  pleasant  weather,  so  favorable  to  an 
examination  of  the  coasts. 

Thus  Captain  George  Vancouver  swept  by 
the  mouth  of  the  great  river  only  two  weeks 
before  Captain  Robert  Gray  turned  the  prow  of 
the  Columbia  into  its  crystal  waters,  having,  as 
he  believed,  ascertained  that  "  the  several  large 
rivers  and  capacious  inlets,  that  have  been  do- 
scribed  as  discharging  their  contents  into  the 
Pacific,  between  the  fortieth  and  forty-eighth 
degrees  of  north  latitude,  were  reduced  to 
brooks  insuflicient  for  our  vessels  to  navigate, 
or  to  bays  inaccessible  as  harbors  for  refitting." 
As  justifying  this  couclusion,  on  the  29th  of 
Ap  il  he  gave  the  following  somewhat  elaborate 
statement  of  his  reasons  for  making  it: 

"  Considering  ourselves  now  on  the  point  of 
commencing  an  examination  of  an  entirely  new 
region,  I  cannot  take  leave  of  the  coast  already 
known,  without  obtruding  a  short  remark  on 
that    part  of  the  continent,   ccmprehending  a 


43 


n/STORY    OP    OREOON. 


space  of  Hourly  '215  leiigiies,  on  which  our 
iiujiiii'ies  liiivc  been  hitoly  oiiiployed,  uinier  tliu 
most  t'ortunatc  iiiiil  f'livorahlo  ciiciiiiistaiiccs  of 
wind  atui  wuutlier.  So  ininiitely  lias  this  ex- 
tensive coast  heen  inspected  that  the  surf  has 
been  constantly  seen  to  break  on  its  shores  from 
the  inast-liead;  and  it  was  but  a  few  small  inter- 
vals only  our  distance  precluded  its  beinj^ 
visible  from  the  deck.  Whenever  the  weather 
prevented  our  making  free  with  the  shore,  or  on 
our  lieadiiiir  ,itf  for  the  nii;lit,  the  return  of  tine 
weather  and  of  daylight  uniformly  brought  us, 
it'  not,  to  the  identical  spot  we  bad  departed 
from,  at  least  within  a  few  miles  of  it,  and 
never  beyond  the  northern  limits  of  the  coast 
we  had  previously  seen.  An  e.vamination  so 
directed,  and  circumstances  so  concurring  to 
permit  its  being  so  executed,  afforded  the  most 
complete  opportunity  of  determining  its  various 
turnings  and  windings,  as  also  the  position  of 
all  its  conspicuous  points,  ascertained  by  Tnerid- 
ional  altitudes  for  the  latitude,  and  observa- 
tions for  the  chronometer,  which  we  bad  the 
good  fortune  to  make  constantly  once,  and  in 
general  twice,  every  day,  the  preceding  one  only 
excepted.  It  must  be  considered  a  very  singu- 
lar circumstance  that,  in  so  great  an  extent  of 
Bea-coast,  we  should  not  until  now  iiave  seen 
the  appearance  of  any  opening  in  its  shore  which 
presented  any  prospect  of  affording  a  shelter, 
the  whole  coast  forming  one  compact  and  nearly 
straight  barrier  against  the  sea." 

Tiie  day  on  which  Vancouver  had  written 
these  statements  had  not  passed  before  a  sail 
was  discoved  to  the  westward,  standing  in  shore; 
she  soon  hoisted  the  stars  and  stripes  and  tired  a 
gun  to  leeward.  At  six  she  was  within  hail, 
and  proved  to  be  the  ship  Columbia,  Captain 
Ilol)ert  (rray,  nineteen  months  from  Boston. 
Captain  Vancouver  requested  him  to  "bring 
to."  and  sent  Mr.  Puget  and  Mr.  Mejizies  on 
board  the  Columtiia  to  obtain  such  information 
as  might  be  serviceable  to  tiie  Knglish  captain 
in  his  future  <jperatioiis.  This  mainly  relating 
to  tile  straits  of  Fuca  and  the  waters  connect- 
ing therewith,  was  very  courteously  communi- 


cated by  ('aptain  (iray.  He  also  communicated 
another  piece  of  information  to  which  Van- 
couver gave  little  or  no  credit,  and  to  which  he 
makes  the  following  reference: 

"He  likewise  informed  them — Mr.  Puget  and 
Mr.  Menzie — of  his  having  been  off  the  mouth 
of  a  river,  in  the  latitude  of  46"  10',  where  the 
outset  or  reflux  was  so  strong  as  to  prevent  his 
entering  for  nine  days.  This  was  probably  the 
opening  passed  by  us  on  the  furenoon  of  the 
27th,  and  was  apparently  inaccessible,  not  from 
the  current,  but  from  the  breakers  that  extended 
across  it." 

Hut  the  English  Captain's  mind  was  not  at 
rest,  and  it  is  plain  to  be  seen  from  the  tone  of 
his  journal  that  lie  was  both  asking  himself, 
"What  if  I  have  made  a  mistake?"  and  at  the 
same  time  trying  to  justify  his  conchisionfi  by 
arguments  that  would  palliate  bis  doubts.  So 
he  recurs  to  the  snlyect  again  on  the  day  after 
his  meeting  with  the  Columbia,  as  follows: 

"The  river  mentioned  by  Mr.  Gray  should, 
from  the  latitude  he  assigned  to  it,  have  existence 
in  the  bay  south  of  cape  Disappointment.  Tliis 
we  found  in  the  forenoon  of  the  27th,  and,  as  I 
then  observed,  if  any  inlet  or  river  should  be 
found,  it  would  be  a  very  intricate  one,  and  in- 
accessible to  vessels  of  great  burden,  owing  to 
the  reefs  and  broken  water,  which  then  ap- 
{wared  in  its  neighborhood.  Mr.  Gray  stated 
that  he  had  been  several  days  attempting  to  en- 
ter it,  which,  at  len<Tth,  he  was  unable  to  effect, 
in  consequence  of  a  very  strong  outset.  This  is 
a  phenomenon  difficult  to  account  for,  as,  in 
most  cases,  where  there  are  outsets  of  such 
strength  on  a  seacoast,  there  are  corresponding 
tides  setting  in.  Be  that,  liowever,a8  it  may,  I  was 
thoroughly  convinced,  as  were  most  persons  of 
observation  on  board,  that  we  could  not  possibly 
have  passed  any  safe,  navigable  opening,  harbor, 
or  j)lace  of  security  for  shipping,  on  this  coast 
from  wipe  Mendocino  to  the  promontory  of 
Classet  [cape  Tlattery],  nor  had  we  any  reason 
to  alter  our  ojiinion,  notwithstanding  that 
theoretical  geographers  have  thought  proper  to 
assert  in  that  sjiace  the  existence  of  arms  of  the 


•<lMMi 


nisrORY    OF    OREOON. 


43 


oceftii  comniiinicating  with  a  N[tHliterraneiin  sea, 
and  extensive  rivers  with  sate  and  coiivt'nieiit 
ports. " 

Haviiii^  thu;*  apparently  argiu'd  himeelf  into 
tile  aH8iirancu  timt  lie  wan  ritflit  and  the  Anieri- 
oaii  captain  wronj^  in  regard  to  the  existence  of 
an  important  river  on  that  portion  of  the  coast, 
the  Uritish  navi<rator  proceeded  to  hit;  survey  of 
the  straits  of  Fiica,  and  the  Anieriean  captain 
horo  toward   the  opening  of  "Deception  l)ay." 

Before  taking  np  the  story  of  Gray's  voyage, 
we  need  to  follow  Vancouver  and  Uronghton  in 
their  snrvey  of  the  straits  of  Fuca  and  the  adja- 
-cent  and  connecting  waters,  as  their  survey  of 
these  fall  within  the  limits  of  country  and  time 
to  which  our  history  is  intended  to  lie  con- 
fined. 

On  the  first  of  M.iy  they  sailed  from  cape 
Flattery  eastward,  along  the  coast,  following 
the  track  of  the  Spanish  navigators.  Vancouver 
named  the  Port  Quadra  of  Quiniper  Port  Dis- 
covery, after  the  name  of  his  vessel.  Just  east- 
ward of  this  port  he  entered  the  month  of  the 
Canal  do  Caamano,  as  it  was  called  by  the  same 
Spaniard,  which  he  called  Admiralty  inlet.  This 
he  explored  to  its  head,  more  than  a  hundred 
miles  from  the  straits,  and  the  southernmost  e.\- 
teneion  of  it  he  named  Puget's  sound,  while  its 
western  branch  he  called  Hood's  canal,  and  its 
eastern  Possession  sound.  On  the  shore  of  Pos- 
session sound  the  English  landed  on  the  4th  of 
June,  and  celebrated  the  birthday  of  their 
sovereign  by  taking  possession  in  his  name,  and 
"with  the  usual  formalities  of  all  that  part  of 
New  Albion,  from  the  latitude  of  39  degrees  20 
minutes  north,  and  longitude  236  degrees  26 
minutes  east,  to  the  entrance  of  the  inlet  of  the 
sea,  said  to  be  the  supposed  strait  of  Juan  de 
Fuca.  as  also  all  the  coasts,  islands,  etc.,  within 
the  said  strait,  and  both  its  shores."  So  this 
region  thus  claimed  they  gave  the  appellation 
of  New  (ieorgia. 

After  completing  his  survey  of  these  waters, 
Vancouver  sailed  toNootkato  attend  to  his  duty 
as  royal  commissioner,  as  before  explained. 
This  attended  to   he   again    turned    hib    vessel 


southward,  for  the  story  of  Captain  (iray  about 
the  mouth  of  a  great  river  was  still  exciting,  if 
not  troubling  him.  On  the  20th  of  October  ho 
was  again  off  Deception  bay.  Lieutenant  Hrongh- 
ton  in  the  Chatham  entered  the  month  of  the 
river  on  that  day,  but  Vancouver  was  unable  to 
take  in  the  Discovery,  and  being  still  of  the 
opinion  that  the  stream  was  inaccessible  to  large 
ships  sailed  for  the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  which 
lie  had  appointed  as  the  rendezvous  for  his  ves- 
sels in  case  of  separation. 

This  was  the  close  of  Captain  Vancouver's 
work  on  the  north  Pacific  coast.  Lieutenant 
Brougliton  s|>ent  some  time  in  the  river,  reach- 
ing in  a  row-boat  a  point  of  land  he  named 
Point  Vancouver,  in  honor  of  his  captain,  a  place 
which  has  retained  the  name  of  the  English 
navigator  through  all  the  changes  of  discovery 
and  history. 

We  are  now  ready  to  turn  to  the  story  of  the 
discovery  of  the  great  Kiverof  the  West  by  Cap- 
tain Robert  Gray.  As  the  expedition  which 
resulted  in  this  most  important  event  was  dis- 
tinctively American,  and  was  undertaken  so  soon 
after  the  United  States  had  achieved  independ- 
ence and  became  a  recognized  force  among  the 
world's  great  powers,  it  seems  proper  that  we 
give  it  a  somewhat  particular  setting  forth.  Be- 
sides it  was  that  one  venture  that  thus  early 
gave  the  United  States  high  place  in  the  his- 
tory of  maritime  adventure  and  discovery,  and, 
so  far  as  claims  from  discovery  and  prior  oceu- 
pancy  of  any  region  can,  under  international 
reasons,  give  any  conntry  a  right  to  the  posses- 
sion and  ownership  of  newly  discovered  uncivil- 
ized lands,  furnished  the  decisive  ground  for 
America's  claim  to  Oregon.  It  will  be  well, 
therefore,  if  we,  as  Americans,  pause  long 
enough  here  to  get  both  the  antecedent  motives 
and  the  real  story  of  this  expedition  clearly  set 
in  our  minds. 

For  the  unknown  ages  "The  Oregon''  had 
rolled  unseen  "tiirough  the  continuous  woods"  to 
the  sea.  From  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury  the  discoverers  and  adventurers  of  FVanco 
and  Spain  and  Portugal  and  England,  as  well  as 


44 


HISTOKY    OF    OHEOON, 


the  "FreebociterA"  of  all  clinies,  liiid  Iuhmi  siiiliiij; 
nil  ocoiins  tiiid  ''Iiyiiif;  nil  shores  in  keen  (jucst 
of  iiuw  IhiiiIs  to  iiihi  to  olil  (loininioMs,  or  of 
treasiirt'B  of  gold  ami  silvur  iintl  precious  stones 
to  iiiitke  more  plethoric  their  !iiitioiml  treiisiires, 
or  adil  new  luster  to  their  jew<»led  crowns.  Tiie 
independent  rovers  sonj^ht  forany  prizeon  sliipor 
shore  that  could  add  to  their  accnmnlated  spoils, 
either  of  "heaiity  or  hooty."'  The  I'acilic  ocean 
was  the  great  field  of  their  unrestrained  roam. 
From  the  capitals  of  Kiirope  it  was  across  the 
Atlantic  ocean  and  the  American  continent  on 
the  one  side,  and  on  the  other  behind  the  Indian 
seas  and  Asia;  the  largest  continent  of  the 
globe.  There  they  were  secure  from  the  direct 
interference  of  courts  or  kings,  and  limited 
only  by  their  iron  wills  or  streni^th  came  and 
went  at  their  pleasure.  From  island  to  main- 
land they  coursed  the  ocean.  From  the  Bering 
seas  to  Pata<;onia  they  traced  the  shorelines  of 
America.  They  discovered  capes  and  head- 
lands, bays  and  straits  until  they  supposed  they 
had  charted  all  the  coast.  Thus  tiieir  work 
went  on  until  1780,  and  evc'i  later,  and  still 
"The  Orejjon''  rolled  unseen  to  the  sea. 

A  story  that  had  come  at  last  to  seem  a  myth 
of  some  great  "River  of  the  West''  that  went 
down  from  the  mountains  toward  the  west,  had 
floated,  in  some  mysterious  way,  into  the  thoughts 
of  geographers  and  explorers,  and  even  a  name, 
— Oregon,  had  been  given  to  it;  but  no  eye  save 
that  of  whatever  barbarous  hordes  might  dwell 
in  its  primeval  solitudes,  had  ever  seen  its 
springs  or  traced  its  course  or  noted  its  issue 
into  the  ocean.  Faith  in  its  existence  was  well 
nigh  lost.  How  could  it  have  been  otherwise? 
It  had  l)een  one  great  object  of  the  quest  of  the 
navigators  along  the  western  coast.  Means  and 
Cook  and  Van<!0uver,  and  all  the  navigators  of 
the  Pacific  coast  had  sought  for  its  mouth  every- 
where from  San  Diego  to  where  the  Russian 
J'ear  guarded  the  l)leak  headlands  of  Muscovian 
America,  and  it  could  not  be  found.  For  them 
it  did  not  exist.  Still,  in  another  quarter  and 
among  another  people,  events  were  drawing 
toward  a  conclusion  that  would  greatly  change 


international  relations  on  the  western  <'()ast,  and 
instate  a  speciKcally  American  })owi!r  among  the 
iMirojiean  claimant>  of  its  soil  and  sovereignty. 
I.,et  lis  !»ee  what  they  were. 

The  publication  in  1784  of  (^iptain  ('ook's 
journal  of  his  third  voyage  awakened,  not  in 
Kngland  only,  but  New  England  as  well,  a  pro- 
found interest  in  the  possibility  of  an  important 
and  profitable  trade  on  the  Northwest  coast.  In 
Moston  a  number  of  gentlemen  took  up  the 
matter  serious  y,  and  dct(!rmined  ')  embark  in 
the  enterprise  on  their  own  account.  The  lead 
ing  spirit  aii.ong  them  was  Joseph  Harrell,  a 
gentleman  of  cultivated  tastes,  wide  knowledge 
of  affairs,  hi ;^h  tocial  standing,  and  acknowl- 
edged influence.  Associated  with  him  in  close 
relationship  was  Charles  Itultinch,  a  recent 
graduate  from  Harvard,  and  who  had  just  re- 
turned from  pursuing  special  studies  in  Europe. 
The  other  patrons  of  the  enterprise  conceived 
by  these  gentlemen  were  Samuel  Brown,  a  pros- 
jierous  merchant;  John  Derby,  a  shipmaster  of 
Sali'in;  Captain  Crowel  Hatch,  a  resident  of 
Cambridge;  and  .John  Martin  Pintard  of  the 
New  Y'ork  house  of  Lewis,  Pintard  «fe  (Jo. 
These  six  gentlemen  subscribed  over  ^50,000, 
and  purchased  the  ship  Columbia,  or,  as  it  was 
afterward  often  called,  Columbia  Rediviva. 

The  Columbia  was  a  full-rigged  ship,  eighty- 
three  feet  long  and  of  ■  212  tons'  burden.  A 
consort  was  provided  for  her  in  the  Washington, 
a  sloop  of  ninety  tons,'  designed  for  cruising 
among  the  islands  and  in  the  inlets  of  the  coast 
in  the  expected  trade  with  the  Indians.  Small 
as  these  vessels  seem  to  us  in  this  day  of  pon- 
derous steamships,  they  were  stanchly  built, 
and  manned  by  skillful  navigators.  As  captain 
of  the  Columbia  the  company  selected  Captain 
John  Kendrick,  an  experienced  officer,  forty-five 
years  of  age,  who  had  done  considerable  priva- 
teering in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  had  since 
commanded  several  vessels  in  the  merchant 
service.  For  the  charge  of  the  Washington 
Captain  Robert  Gray,  an  able  seaman,  who  had 
been  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  navy,  and 
a    personal   friend   of  Captain    Kendrick,     was 


n  I  STORY    OF    OliKOON. 


41) 


lioson.  Tliene  iiith.  Btid  experienced  loaders 
had  e<iiially  alilt'  snlKirdiiiates.  These  were 
Simeon  Woodrutl,  aIio  hii<l  i)eeii  one  of  Cap- 
tain Cooic'g  otKoerri  i'l  hJM  lant  voyaj^o  to  the 
Pacific,  Joseph  liijfr'.iiani,  deHtined  to  lie  a  con- 
spicuous tigure  ill  the  trade  tliey  were  to  in- 
augurate; and  Uol)ert  IlaHwell,  son  of  a  lien- 
tenant  in  tiie  Uritisii  navy. 

On  tlie  30tii  day  of  Soptenil)er,  17H7,  tlie 
two  vesHsls  in  company  saih^d  out  of  HoHton 
liarhor  on  tiieir  lonif  voyajjie.  [t  is  not  neces- 
sary to  our  iiistory  to  trace  that  voyaj^e  hy  tlie 
Oape  Verde  and  Faulliland  islands,  around  Gape 
Morn  and  up  the  I'acific  sea.  On  the  way,  on 
tlie  inornin;^  of  April  1,  17SS,  the  vessels  were 
separated  in  a  storm,  and  each  pursued  the  voy- 
age on  its  owii  account.  The  \V"ashinfi;ton  witli 
(/a|)taiii  Gray  first  saw  the  coast  of  New  Alhion, 
in  latitude  41  degrees,  near  Cape  Mendocino, 
on  the  2d  day  of  August.  Sailing  up  the  coast, 
in  latitude  44"  20',  they  entered  a  harbor,  which 
they  took  to  be  "the  entrance  of  a  large  river, 
where  great  commercial  advantages  might  be 
reaped."  Still  farther  up  the  coast  they  "made 
a  tolerably  coinmodions  harbor"  and  anchored 
half  a  mile  off  shore.  Here  they  were  assailed 
by  the  Indians  and  the  vessel  very  narrowly  es- 
caped capture.  They  gave  the  place  the  appro- 
priate name  of  ''Murderers'  Harbor."  It  was 
probably  Tillamook  bay.  liaswell,  who  kept 
a  very  circumstantial  journal  of  th  i  \r  'dition, 
thought  it  "must  be  the  entrance  ^  ..o  River 
of  the  West,"  though  he  considered  it  "by  no 
means  a  safe  place  for  any  but  very  small  ves- 
sels to  enter."  Captain  Gray  was  glad  to  get 
safely  rid  of  "Murderers  Harbor"  and  pursue 
his  northward  voyage.  He  had  so  good  a 
breeze  that  he  "passed  a  considerable  length  of 
coast  without  standing  in,  thus  sweeping  di- 
rectly by  the  month  of  the  great  river,  of  the 
existence  of  which  his  maps  and  charts  had 
only  some  vague  and  entirely  suppositious  sug- 
gestions. The  chronicler  of  his  voyage  made 
no  allusions  to  any  circumstance  that  would 
indicate  that  they  had  the  slightest  idea  that 
any  such  river  really  entered  the  ocean  in    this 


"length  of  coast."  Farther  north,  on  .\iigust 
21,  they  saw  '•excct'diiigly  high  iiKiniitiiiiis  cov- 
ered with  snow."  They  puss  the  straits  of 
Fuca  without  noting  them,  although  their 
journalist  says:  "I  am  of  the  oiilninii  that  the 
straits  of  Juan  ilc  Fuca  do  exist,  though  Cap- 
tain Cook  positively  asserts  they  do  not."  On 
thelflthilay  of  August  the  Wiishington  ri.'achod 
its  destined  harbor  in  Nootka  sound;  finding 
two  English  vessels  under  I'ortugueHe  colors  at 
anchor  there,  th(!  Felices  under  Captain  Means 
and  the  Iphegenia  under  Captain  Douglas,  both 
of  whom  received  the  little  sloop  with  hospita- 
ble friciidliiiesB. 

Three  days  later  the  Knglishiiien  launchi'd  a 
small  schooner,  which  they  named  North  West 
America.  This  was  the  first  vessel  ever  built 
on  the  coast.  It  was  a  gala  day,  iMiglishmeii 
and  Americans  cordially  joining  in  its  .'■■aintos 
and  festivities. 

On  the  23d  cif  August  the  Columliia,  which 
had  been  separated  from  the  Washington  for 
nearly  live  months,  apjieared  in  the  offing;  and 
thus  after  nearly  eleven  months  from 
their  clearance  from  Hoston  these  historic 
vessels  were  reunited  again  on  the  other  side 
of  the  continent,  and  (.'aj)fain  Kendrick  again 
assumed  charge  of  the  expedition. 

Although,  in  this  expedition,  the  mouth  of 
the  mythioal  great  river  was  not  discovered, 
yet  the  knowledge  gained  of  the  coast  by  Cap- 
tain Gray  stood  him  in  good  stead,  when 
four  years  later,  in  command  of  the  Colum- 
bia, he  was  again  U])on  the  northwest  coast. 

When  the  vessels  had  fulfilled  their  intended 
stay  on  the  coast.  Captain  Kendrick,  as  com- 
mander of  the  expedition,  decided  to  put  the 
ship's  property  on  board  the  sloop  and  go  on  a 
cruise  with  her  himself,  while  Ca|)tain  (iray 
shonld  take  the  Columbia  to  Boston  by  the  way 
of  the  Sandwich  islands  and  China.  The  in- 
cidents of  her  voyage  are  interesting,  but  thoy 
are  not  in  the  course  of  our  narrative.  It 
suffices  to  say  that  she  left  the  harbor  of  Clay- 
oquot  July  30,  1789,  and  reached   her  destina- 


49 


jitMioitr   (ly  (iiiiiuo.y. 


I 

I 


lion  on  tlu-  K^tli  of  Aii^unt,  179l),  liuviiig  Hiiiled 
\>y  liui'  log,  oO.OOO  iiiilco. 

Tliis  voyiifTc  III'  tile  ('(iluiiiliia  gave  tlio  ves- 
Hfl,  licr  ollicfi'tt  iiiiil  ((Wiiors  grunt  ccliit.  (lov- 
ciiior  .liilni  Iliitii.Mck  gave  an  eiitiTtHiiiment  in 
tlifir  lioimi'.  ThiMigli  tlio  pi\)tit8  of  the  M>yage 
were  small,  it  was  an  acliievenient  to  l)u  |)ronil 
of,  and  liH(l  pre|mre(l  tlio  way  lor  niorti  prolit- 
(il)le  traije  in  snlisecjiient  yearti.  Tiie  owners  of 
tiie  slii|)  llierefore  iinnu'diately  projected  a  sec- 
and  voyage  tor  lior.  Slie  was  pnt  in  [wrfect 
iM'der,  with  new  masts  and  8|mr.-f  and  a  com- 
ph'te  onttit,  ami  again  li'ft  lioston  on  tiie  28tli 
of  Septenilwr,  ITIM),  witli  Captain  Gray  in  eom- 
iiiand  and  a  weil-teleeted  corps  of  oHicers  and 
coinpeteiit  crew.  Stopping  only  at  tiie  l''anlk- 
iand  islands  for  a  few  days,  Captain  Gray 
sailed  directly  to  ('layo(jnot,  arriving  there  on 
tlie  4tli  day  of  .June,  171)1. 

The  in8t''nction8  to  Captain  Gray  contem- 
plated a  season's  trailo  witli  tiie  natives  on  the 
wast,  then  a  visit  to  China  for  flie  sale  of  the 
furs  he  might  obtain.  lie  was  charged  not  to 
/isit  any  Spani.sh  port,  not  to  trade  with  any 
of  the  subjects  of  his  Catholic  majesty  "for  a 
single  farthing.''  Gray  found  the  natives  very 
treaclierous  and  cruel.  Three  of  his  men  were 
mass.tcred.  In  .Inly  Captain  Kendrick  in  the 
Washington  arrived  from  (Jhina,  and  the  two 
vessels  and  commanders  were  rennited  near 
wliere  they  se|)arated  two  years  before,  one,  the 
Coluinl)ia    having    made    the    circuit   of    the 

WuVlll. 

In  February,  1792,  a  plot  was  laid  by  the  In- 
dians for  the  capture  of  the  ship.  The  crafty 
cliiefs  had  endeavored  to  bribe  Attoo  -a  Ha- 
waiian lad,  who  had  been  taken  by  Captain  Gray 
from  the  Sandwich  islands  when  on  his  way  to 
China,  and  who  had  remained  with  him  until 
now — to  wet  tiie  ship's  lirearms  and  give  them 
a  lot  of  musket  balls;  promising  to  make  him 
a  great  chief.  He  informed  the  Captain  of  the 
plot.  Gray  was  greatly  e.xcited.  His  heavy 
guns  were  all  on  shore,  but  he  ordered  the 
swivels  loaded,  the  ship's  people  to  come  on 
board,  and  the  ship  to  be  unmoored  from   the 


shore  and  moved  out  from  the  bank.  At  mid- 
night tlio  warwiioop  of  the  Indians  rei<<Mindt>d 
through  the  forests.  Hunlreds  of  the  savages 
had  asseiiibliMl,  but  on  linding  their  plans  frus- 
trated by  Gray's  precautions  tliuy  instantly  dis- 
persed. 

On  the  2;}d  of  February,  a  sloop,  which  wan 
built  by  the  men  of  the  Columbia,  and  named 
the  Ailventurer  was  launched.  This  was  the 
second  vessel  that  was  built  (^n  the  coast.  She 
was  fitted  up,  secured  hor  stores,  and  wi^nt 
northward  on  a  cruis(<  under  the  command  i>f 
llaswell.  ,\nd  by  this  course  of  events  we  art; 
brought  up  to  a  date  and  icident   that  took 

the    name    of  the   Colui  md    of    ('aptaiii 

(rray,  her  commander,  o..>  lOe  list  of  onlin- 
ary  shifw  and  ot-dinary  commanders  and  fixed 
them  in  a  place  of  transcendent  and  enduring 
fame.  To  this  incident  let  us  now  carefully 
attend. 

Captain  (iray  now  started  on  a  cruise  south- 
ward. On  theSythof  April,  1792,  he  fell  in 
with  Vancouver,  who  had  l>een  sent  from  En- 
gland with  three  vessels  of  the  royal  navy  ati 
commissioner  to  execute  the  provisions  of  the 
Nootka  treaty,  and  to  explore  the  coast.  Van- 
couver said  he  h  id  made  no  discoveries  as  yet, 
and  in<}uired  if  (Tray  had  made  any.  Gray  re- 
plied that  he  had:  that  in  latitude  46°  and  W 
he  had  recently  iH'en  otf  the  mouth  of  a  river, 
which  for  nine  days  he  had  tried  to  enter,  but 
the  outset  was  so  strong  as  to  prevent  it,  but 
he  was  going  to  try  it  again.  Vancouver  said 
this  must  be  the  small  opening  lie  had  passed 
two  days  before,  which  he  thought  might  be  a 
small  river,  inaccessible  because  of  the  break- 
ers extending  across  it.  Of  it  Vancouver  wrote 
in  his  journal:  "  Not  <!onsidering  this  opening 
worthy  of  mention,  I  continued  our  pursuit  to 
the  northwest." 

What  a  turn  was  tli's  in  the  affairs  of  men 
and  the  ilestiny  of  the  world.  Had  the  British 
navigator  rmWy  aeon  the  river  it  would  certainly 
have  iiad  another  name,  and  the  Pacific  coast 
another  history. 

The  two  uuvigators,  the  Briton  and  the  Ainer- 


HISTOID'    OF    OHKUOy. 


4t 


loan,  parMd  hire,  Vuncouvor  cuntiniiiiig  Inn 
"  piirHiiit  to  tlie  iiortliwimt,"  and  (}ray  sailinir 
Boiitliwiird  ill  the  tract  of  destiny  and  >{iory. 

On  the  7tli  of  May  lio  saw  an  ontrance  into 
H  bay,  in  latitude  W  58',  ••  wliicii  liad  a  very 
good  appoaraiicx'  of  a  liarbor,"  and  l)ort!  away 
anil  ran  in.  TIhh  he  called  liulfincli  harlior, 
but  was  Boon  after  deHJgnated  an  (rrayV  Imrbor 
B8  a  desorvod  compliment  to  (tray,  by  which 
nainu  it  is  still  ami  will  ahv.iy:*  bit  known.  Here 
on  a  moonlight  night  he  was  attacked  by 
tile  natives  and  w;i  obliged  to  fire  upon  them 
iti  self-defense.  <  >u  the  lOtli  of  May  he  re- 
sumed his  course  to  the  south,  and  at  daybreak, 
on  the  11th,  saw  the  entrance  of  his  desired 
port.  As  ho  drew  near,  abuut  eight  o'clock,  he 
bore  away  with  all  sails  sol,  ran  directly  in  be- 
tween the  breakers,  and  to  his  great  delight 
found  his  ship  in  a  large  river  of  fresh  water 
up  which  he  steered  ten  miles.  Here,  rather 
than  change  the  phraseology  of  Captain  (iray, 
we  give  the  e.vact  laii>;tnage  of  Columbia's  log 
from  May  7tli  to  May  21,  1792,  at  which  date 
the  Columbia  was  again  on  her  way  to  the 
north,  and  sailing  away  from  the  bold  headland 
of  "cape  Hancock:" 

May  7,  1792,  a.  m,:  Being  within  six  miles 
of  the  land,  saw  an  entrance  in  do.,  which  had 
a  very  good  appearance  of  a  harbor;  lowered 
away  the  jolly-boat  and  went  in  search  of  an 
anchoring  |)lace,  the  ship  standing  to  and  fro, 
with  a  very  strong  weather  current:  at  1  P.  m. 
the  boat  returned,  having  found  no  place  where 
the  ship  could  anchor  with  safety;  made  sail  on 
the  ship — stood  in  for  the  shore;  we  soon  saw, 
from  our  masthead,  a  passage  in  between  the 
sand  bars;  at  3:30  bore  away  and  run  in  north- 
east by  east,  having  from  four  to  eight  fathoms, 
sandy  bottom;  and,  as  we  drew  in  nearer  be 
tween  the  bars,  had  from  ten  to  thirteen  fath- 
oms, having  a  very  strong  tide  of  ebb  to  stem; 
many  canoes  alongside.  At  5  p.  m.  came  to  in 
five  fathoms  of  water,  sandy  bottom,  in  a  safe 
harbor,  well  sheltered  from  the  sea  by  long 
sand-bars  and  spits;  our  latitude  observed  this 
day  was  4G°  58'  north. 


May  10:  Fresh  breu/.OH  and  pleasant  wt^athur. 
Many  luitives  alongcside;  at  noon  all  the  canoes 
left  us;  at  1  t:  M.  began  to  unmoor;  took  up 
till*  best  bower  anidior  and  hovu  short  on  the 
small  do.;  at  Kultinch's  harbor,  now cilled  Whit- 
by's bay,  4-:3()  being  high  water,  hove  up  the 
anchor  and  came  to  sail  and  a  beating  down  the 
liarbor. 

May  11,7:30:  Wo  wor^^out  clear  of  the  bai-s, 
and  directed  our  course  to  the  southward,  alon;; 
shore.  At  S  r.  >!.•  the  entrance  of  Hultinch's 
liarbor  bore  north,  distance  four  miles;  the 
Bonthorii  extremity  of  thelanil  bore  south  south- 
east ime-lialf  east,  and  the  north  do.  north  norili- 
west;  sent  up  the  main  topgallant  yard  and  set  all 
sail;  ut  4  a.  m.  saw  the  entraniie  of  our  difsired 
|)ort,  bearing  east  southeast,  ilistance  six  leagues 
in  steering  sails,  and  liauleil  our  wind  in  shori':  at 
8  A.  M.,  being  a  little  to  windward  of  tlw  en- 
trance of  the  harbor,  bore  away,  and  in  ea<t 
northeast  between  the  breakers,  having  from  five 
to  seven  fathoms  of  water.  When  we  were 
over  the  bur  we  found  this  to  be  a  large  river  of 
fresh  water,  up  which  we  steered;  many  canoes 
came  alongside.  At  1  v.  M.caine  to,  with  small 
bower,  in  ten  fathoms;  l)lack  and  white  sand; 
the  entrance  between  the  bars  bore  west  south- 
west, distance  ten  miles;  the  north  side  of  the 
river  half  a  mile  distant  from  the  ship,  the 
south  side  do.,  two  and  a  half  miles  distant; 
a  village  on  thenorth  side  of  the  river,  west  bi 
north,  distant  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  Vast 
numbers  of  natives  came  alongside;  |)eople 
employed  in  pumping  the  salt  water  out  of  our 
water-casks  in  order  to  till  with  fresh  while  the 
ship  iioated  in.     So  ends. 

May  14:  Fresh  gales  and  cloudy;  many  na- 
tives alongside.  At  noon  weighed  and  came  to 
sail,  standing  up  the  river  northeast  by  east. 
We  found  the  channel  very  narrow.  At  4  p.  m. 
we  had  sailed  upward  of  twelve  or  fifteen  miles, 
when  the  channel  was  so  very  narrow  that  it 
was  almost  impossible  to  keep  in  it;  having 
from  three  to  eighteen  fathoms  of  water,  sandy 
bottom;  at  4:40  the  ship  took  ground,  but  she 
did  not  stay  long  before  she  came  oft  without 


Bl  .  Hi 


48 


iiisTdiiv  i)F  o/t/-:ao.\. 


any  ansistntiee;  wc  l)Hcked  her  off  stem  fore- 
most,  into  tliri'o  fiitiimns.  iiiul  let  go  the  small 
liower,  and  mooriMl  bIiiji  with  kcdije  anil  Jiawber; 
the  jolly  hoat  was  s^eiit  to  Miiind  tiio  channel 
out,  but  it  was  not  navitrahle  any  farther;  to, 
of  course,  we  must  have  taken  the  wrons;  chan- 
nel. So  ends,  with  rainy  weatiier;  many  na 
lives  alongside. 

Tuesday,  Afay  liJ:  Light  and  pleasant 
weather;  many  natives  from  (lif}(Ment  tribes 
came  alongside.  At  10  a.  n.m.  unmoored  c  id 
dropped  down  with  the  tide  to  a  better  anchor- 
inir  pliice.  Smiths  and  otiiertradesiuen  constantly 
em])loye(l.  In  the  afternoon  Captain  Gray  and 
Mr.  lloskins,  in  the  jolly-boat,  went  on  shore  to 
tf^ko  a  short  view  of  the  country. 

May  1():  Liglit  airs  and  cloudy-  At  4  a. 
M.,  hove  up  the  anchor  and  towed  down  about 
three  miles  with  the  last  of  tlie  ebl)-ti(le;  came 
into  si.\  fathoms,  saiuly  bottom,  the  jolly-boat 
sounding  the  channel.  At  10  a.  m.  a  fresh 
breeze  came  up  the  I'iver.  With  the  first  of  the 
ebb-tide  we  jjot  under  way  and  beat  down  tiie 
river.  At  1,  from  its  be'-  ,j;  very  equally,  we 
came  to,  about  two  miles  from  the  village  of 
Cliinook,  which  bore  west-northwest.  Many 
natives  alongside;  fresh  gales  and  squally. 

May  18 — I'leasimt  weather;  at  4  in  the  morn 
ing,  began  to  heave  ahead;  at  4:30,  came  to  sail 
standing  down  the  river  with  the  ebb-tide;  at  7, 
being  slack  water  and  the  wind  flattering,  we 
came  to  in  five  fathoms,  sandy  bottom;  the 
entrance  between  the  barN  bore  .southwest  by  west, 
distance  three  miles,  the  north  point  of  the  iiar- 
borbore  northwest. distance  two  miles;  the  south 
bore  southeast. distance  two  miles;  the  south  bore 
southeast,  distance  three  and  a  half  miles;  at  9  a 
breeze  sprung  uj)  from  the  eastward;  took  up 
the  anchor  and  came  to  sail,  but  the  wind  soon 
came  flattering  again;  came  to  with  the  kedge 
and  hawser;  veere<l  out  fifty  fathoms.  Noon, 
pleasant;  latitude  observed,  4()°17  iicirth.  At  1 
came  to  sail  with  the  first  ebb-tide,  and  drifted 
down  broadside,  with  light  airs  and  strong  tide; 
at  three-quarters  jinst,  a  fresh  wind  came  from 
the  northward;  wore  ship   and  stood   into  the 


river  again.  At  4  came  to  in  six  fathoms;  good 
holding  ground,  about  six  or  seven  miles  up; 
many  canoes  alongside. 

May  19;  Kresh  winds  and  clear  weather. 
Early  a  number  of  canoes  came  alongside;  .sea- 
men and  tradesmen  employed  in  tlieir  various 
departments,  ('aptain  (xray  gave  this  river  the 
name  of  Columbia  river,  and  the  north  side  of 
entrance  cape  Hancock,  the  south  side  Adams' 
Point. 

May  20:  (tentlo  breeze  and  pleasant  weather. 
At  1  p.  M..  being  full  sea,  took  up  the  anchor 
and  made  sail,  standing  down  river;  at  2  the 
wind  left  us,  we  being  on  the  bar  with  very 
strong  tide,  which  sot  on  the  breakers;  it  was 
not  possible  to  got  out  without  a  breeze  to  shoot 
her  across  the  tide,  so  we  were  obliged  to  bring 
U|)  in  three  and  a  half  fathoms,  the  tide  rcmning 
five  knots;  at  2:45  a  fresh  wind  came  in  from 
the  seaboard,  we  immediately  came  to  sail  and 
beat  over  the  bar,  having  from  five  to  seven 
fathoms  of  water;  a  breeze  came  fi-om  the  south- 
ward; we  bore  aw.ty  to  the  norttiward,  set  all 
sail  to  the  best  advantage.  At  8  cape  Hancock 
hove  southeast,  distant  three  leagues;  the  north 
extreme  of  the  land  in  sight  l>ore  north  by 
west.  At  y,  in  steering  an('  topgallant  sails  . 
Alidnight,  light  airs. 

•May  21:  At  0  a.  m.  the  nearest  land  in  sight 
bore  east  south  east,  distant  eight  leagues.  At  7, 
set  topgallant  sails  and  light  stay-sails.  .\t  11,  set 
steering  sails  fore  and  aft.  Noon,  jdeasant, 
agreeable  weather;  the  entraco  of  Hultinch's 
harbor  bore  southeast  by  east  half  east,  distant 
live  leagues. 

This  departure  of  the  ship  (Columbia,  with 
her  gallant  ^,,t|)tain  aiul  crew,  from  the  mouth  of 
the  great  river  henceforth  to  bear  the  name  of 
the  vessel,  whose  keel  tirst  cleft  its  bosom,  closes 
the  most  eventful  and  thrilling  chapter  of 
American  discovery  and  adventure  on  the  north- 
wist  coast.  Fp  to  this  time  the  "(treat  River  of 
tie  West'"  had  been  but  a  dream,  a  vague  and 
UKcertitied  conjecture.  Henceforth  it  is  an 
ascertained  aiul  certitied  reality;  and  after  all 
the  efforts  of  jealous  rivals  for  the  fame  of  the 


r 


CTl 


2 


lUSTOHY    OF    OREOO.y. 


49 


important  discovery,  it  must  forever  reiunin 
true  that  on  tlie  lltli  day  of  May,  1792,  the  first 
real  knowledge  of  the  existence  of  this  mighty 
stream  was  gained  by  a  civilized  man,  and  tlie 
name  it  hears  forever  monuments  the  day  and 
deed. 

Undoubtedly  Carver,  to  whom  the  word  Ore- 
gon is  traced,  may  have  heard  of  the  river  in 
1707  from  the  Indians  of  the  Rocky  mountains; 
ami  Ileceta  in  1775  was  near  enough  to  its 
mouth  to  believe  in  its  existence;  and  Means 
in  1788,  named  caj)e  Disappointment  and  De- 
ception bay;  hut  none  of  these  saw  the  river, 
nor  really  knew  it  existed.  Means,  whose  claim 
as  its  discoverer  England  maintained  so  long 
and  strenuously,  showed  by  the  very  names  he 
gave  the  cape  and  tin  ny  that  he  was  deceived 
about  it.  And,  to  conclude  the  argument 
against  himself,  he  gave  not  the  slightest  sug- 
gestion of  t'  \ cr  on  his  map.  The  honor  of 
discovery   nn.  ver  rest  with  Gray.     His 

was  the  lirst  shiji  !■■  'rleave  it-  waters;  his  the 
tirst  chart  ever  made  of  i^s  iiores;  his  the  first 
landing  ever  effected  there  bv  civilized  men. 
and  the  name  he  gave  it  has  ncen  universally 
accepted.  The  flag  he  there  threw  to  the  breez( 
was  the  first  ensign  of  any  nation  that  ever  waved 
over  these  unexplored  banks,  and  tin  cere- 
mony of  occupation  that  he  perfor  ■  d  was 
something  more  than  a  meaningless  pastime.  It 
was  a  serious  act  performed  of  national  sig- 
nificance, and  was  by  liim  reported  to  t!ie  wor' 
as  soon  as  possible.  And  when  we  rery  r 
that  as  a  result  of  this  came  the  expodiiuni  of 
Lewis  and  Clarke  in  1804  and  1805,  and  the 
American  settlement  of  Astoria  in  1811 — to  say 
nothing  of  the  diplomatic  acquisitions  of  the 
old  Spanish  riglits  by  the  United  States — we 
may  safely  say  that  the  title  of  the  United  States 
to  the  Columbia  river  and  thu  country  drained 


by  its  waters  became  incontestable.  And  hence 
the  outcome  of  the  Oregon  (question  in  1846. 

Though  with  their  departure  from  the  river 
the  Columbia  and  her  officers  and  crew  ceased 
to  have  any  active  association  with  the  liistory 
and  development  of  the  region  for  which  tbey 
had  done  so  mucli,  yet  patriotism  as  an  Ameri- 
can, and  gratitude  as  an  Oregonian,  require  that 
in  a  few  sentences  we  trace  their  liistory  to  its 
end. 

The  Columbia  remained  u])on  the  northwest 
coast  during  the  summer  of  !  792,  and  Captain 
(iray  ]inrsued  an  industrious  trade  with  the  In- 
dians in  furs  under  many  disadvantages  ;ind 
attended  liy  many  dangers.  In  the  autnnu  he 
hoisted  sail  for  home,  by  the  way  of  the  Sand- 
wich islands  and  China,  amidst  the  cheers  of 
bis  crew,  who  sang  a  joyous  "  homeward  bound" 
as  they  spread  the  canvas  to  the  breeze.  At 
last,  after  all  her  rovings,  the  good  ship  reached 
Boston  July  20,  1793,  having  immortalized,  if 
n<  t  enriched,  her  owners,  officers  anii  crew; 
wlilch  is,  after  all,  tlu;  greatest  possible  enrioh- 
•  ment. 

In  a  few  years  the  ship  was  worn  out  and 
ili^mautled,  and  soon  iier  chief  officers  all  passed 
,  tay  Kendrick  never  returned  to  America. 
Gray  commanded  several  vessels  after  this  and 
died  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1806. 
Ingrahaui  became  an  officer  in  the  navy,  and 
went  down  with  the  ill-fated   brig  Pickering  in 

1800.  Davidson  was  lost  on  the  Rover  in  the 
Pacific,  and  Haswell  sailed  for  the  last  time  in 

1801.  and  was  also  lost  on  the  return  voyage. 
Their  names,  however,  will  always  be  associated 
with  the  ships  they  sailed  and  served  so  well, 
and  as  long  as  the  "  Great  River  of  the  '"'•^st" 
flows  to  the  sea  so  long  will  the  Coluni  ;.  ,'e 
gratefully  and  proudly  remembered  by  the 
American  people.  ■ 


60 


UlSrOHY    OF    OREOON. 


ili 


CIIAPTEU  VI. 


SI  ! 


■i  ,11 


OVEULAND   EXPLOKATIONS. 

SrAiN  Lki)  Makitime  Discovkkiks — France  Led  Land  Explokations — New  Conditions  and  Com- 
binations— England's  I'osrnoN — McKknzie's  Joukneys — Imtortant  Coincidence — Jeffer- 
son's Piioi'osrnoN— Lewis  and  Clarke's  Instuuctionsto  Tiikm — Louisiana  Ceded — Lewis  and 
Clarke  Set  Out — Tuir  over  the  '•  Stony  Mointains'' — Voyage  down  Snake  Rivek — Rea(;ii 
the  Ocean — Winter  Quarters— Start  Homeward — Discovery  of  the  Willamette   River 

-  Yei.lei't's  Tkavei.  up  the  Nez  Perces  Trail — Reach  the  United  States — Mr.  Jefferson's 
Statement — I-kwis  made  Governor,  and  Clahke  General  and  Indian  Agent — Captain 
Jonathan  Carver — First  Uses  the  Name  "Oregon  '"— Caitain  J.  C.  Fremont's  Expeditions 

—  RoLTK  OF  Travel — Visits  Salt  Lake — Reache.s  the  Dalles — Visits  Vancouver — Win- 
ter Journey  to  California.  ^ 


\\  I, 


fll  E  coiirst'  of  oiir  narrative,  during  the  long 
period  ot  •'iine  in  wliich  the  Pacific  coast 
of  North  America  wa3  being  slowl}' 
brought  to  the  knowledge  of  civilized  man, 
shows  tliat  the  Frenciiinan  and  the  Spaniard 
were  the  pioneers  of  exploration  in  that  region, 
l)oth  by  sea  and  land.  Spain  led  the  maritime 
nations  in  distant  and  successfiil  voyages.  The 
Voyage  of  Colnmbus  nnder  the  anspiees  of  Fer- 
dinand, his  noble  qneeii  Isabella,  whose  reign 
over  the  united  kingdoms  of  Castile  and  Aragon 
gave  Spain  so  imicli  glnry  in  that  iidveiitmons 
and  chivalrous  age,  had  kindled  every  maratitne 
Si)aniard  into  a  very  knight  of  the  seas,  and 
inspired  the  whole  nation  with  a  burning  zeal 
for  discovery  and  ooncjuest  of  distant  lands. 
For  Spain  the  times  were  propitious.  Her 
rulers  were  among  the  greatest  and  most  re- 
nowned of  all  ages  of  the  world.  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella  were  succeeded  byCJliarles  the  Fifth, 
one  of  the  most  enlightened  and  ]iowerful  mon- 
archs  that  ever  sat  an  any  throne.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son  Philip,  who,  though  haughty 
and  imperious,  so  carried  forward  the  ideas  and 
purposes  of  his  great  father  that  his  kingdom 
reached  the  very  zenith  of  power  and  influence 
in  the  councils  of  the  European  inonarchs.  Tlie 
woe  pronounceil  iijioii  a  "  land  whose  king  is   a 


child  "  could  not  fall  upon  Spain  during  this 
period.  Weak  and  iusterless  as  may  now  bo 
the  condition  of  the  S])anish  nation,  <tnd  little  as 
her  power  is  felt  or  feared  in  the  world  today, 
then  soon  the  Saxon  uskcd  privileges  of  the 
Castilian,  and  measured  his  own  power  by  tlie 
standard  of  the  other's  greatness.  Under  the 
impulse  thus  pervading  the  Spanish  nation,  her 
banner  was  pushed  into  every  sea,  and  her 
cavaliers  led  all  armies  of  distant  conc^uest,  es- 
pecially in  the  new  world.  Other  portions  of 
our  history  illustrate  wliat  here  we  need  only 
announce. 

While  Spain  led  maritime  discoveries,  the 
facile  and  plast.c  Frenchman  led  the  land  ex- 
plorations into  the  interior  of  the  western  con- 
tinent. Fraii,;e  had  a  strong  holding  on  the 
eastern  shore  of  America  north  of  the  St.  Law- 
renc  —a  point  of  great  advantage  in  intro-con- 
tinental  explorations.  In  addition  to  this  she 
had  planted  her  colonies  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  stretched  a  cordon  of  posts 
southeastward  from  Quebec  to  the  (Jhio,  thus 
lieinniing  the  English  into  a  comparatively 
narrow  belt  of  ei)untry  on  the  Atlantic  sea- 
board, and  leaving  free  to  her  adventurous 
roamers  the  vast,  and  as  yet  unknown  regions 
that  stretched  westward  and  northward,  no  one 


l<    , 


lIlsrORY    OF    OHFMON. 


51 


conld  tell  how  far  or  how  wide.  The  French 
pnslieU  their  advantages  by  land,  as  did  Spain 
hers  by  sea,  and  as  early  as  1743  their  explora- 
tions had  reached  the  heart  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  From  Canada  and  from  Louisi- 
ana, >ip  the  lakes  and  up  the  Mississippi 
and  Missouri  rivers,  the  BVenchman's  piro- 
gue kt'pt  movement  with  the  voyageurs' 
.songs  as  these  care-free  men  of  France 
pushed  tl'fiir  trade  and  travel  into  the  middle  of 
the  continent.  The  French  and  English  war  of 
1756,  however,  by  giving  England  the  oppor- 
tunity to  wrest  Canadafrom  the  weakened  grasp 
of  France,  put  a  sudden  stop  to  her  movements 
in  the  line  of  explorations  from  tliat  province, 
and  opened  the  same  opportunity  to  England 
that  France  had  previously  enjoye<l.  Bnt,  though 
the  opportunity  was  before  her.  Great  Britain 
was  so  fully  occupied  with  her  European  difK- 
culties,  and  the  care  of  her  American  colonies, 
already  growing  restive  under  the  grievances  of 
her  misrule,  demanded  so  much  of  the  attention 
of  her  parliament  and  rulers,  that  she  could  at- 
tempt nothing  further  than  to  hold  her -'reign  of 
vantage"  securely  for  at  least  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury. 

During  the  progress  of  this  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury new  conditions  and  combinations  had 
arisen.  England  lost  all  her  coloi\ies  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  France 
liad  sold  Louisiana  to  Spain.  Thus  England's 
opportunities  were  contracted,  those  of  France 
were  destroyed,  and  the  new  republic  of  America 
was  as  yet  unable  to  enter  the  field  of  explora- 
tion and  colonization.  At  this  period  the  con- 
tinental position  was  this:  Spain,  after  her 
purchase  of  Louisiana  from  France,  had  pro- 
prietary claim  to  all  the  country  west  of  the 
Mis.-iiseippi  river  to  the  Pacific  ocean,  with  no 
very  clearly  defined  northern  limit  to  her  claims. 
England  held  the  country  northward  of  the  great 
lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  extending  in- 
definitely westward,  above  the  forty-ninth  parallel 
of  latitude.  The  United  States  held  actually 
the  country  east  of  the  summits  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains,  including  the  six  Now    Eng- 


land States  and  New  York,  and  had  ownership 
of  all  the  country  westward  of  the  Alleghanies 
which  England  had  conquered  from  France  in 
the  war  of  1750.  These  were  the  powers  that, 
after  the  American  Revolution,  stood  looking 
to  the  yet  unknown  West  as  the  place  for  the 
future  aggrandizement  of  their  respect!  ve  for- 
tunes, and  this  was  the  condition  in  which 
they  looked  to  the  future  and  prepared  for  its 
issues. 

The  advantages  of  the  condition  were  with 
Great  Britain.  She  had  grown  to  be  the  lead- 
ing power  of  Europe.  Already  the  swing  of 
conquest  was  in  the  movement  of  her  legislation 
and  her  peoples.  While  the  wars  of  the  past 
twenty  years  had  taxed,  they  had  not  paupered 
her.  She  was  strong,  consoli<late(i,  ambitious, 
courageous;  and  slie  was  Saxon, — the  blood  of 
endurance  and  conquest. 

Spain  held  her  position  in  the  south  and  west 
by  a  precarious  tenure,  and  she  so  felt  the 
feebleness  of  that  tenure,  that  she  neither  made 
nor  cared  to  make  any  vigorous  movements  to 
extend  her  possessions  or  to  strengthen  her 
holdings  in  America.  The  United  States,  geo- 
graphically, held  the  center  of  opportunity,  but 
the  almost  chaos  of  the  era  that  followed  the 
close  of  the  Revolutionary  war  was  over  the  face 
of  her  political  history,  and  she  needed  time  in 
which  to  gird  herself  for  the  strain  of  the  future. 
But  she  had  the  strength  to  wait,  for  she,  t<jo, 
was  Saxon.  And  so,  with  the  parties  in  direct 
interest  in  the  movements  that  were  so  surely 
to  follow  preparing  for  the  race  of  empire  west- 
ward, we  come  to  the  real  opening  of  the  era 
of  discovery  by  land  westward  of  the  great 
monntaius. 

These  were  begun  solely  by  private  enter- 
prise for  individual  gain.  They  early  reached 
the  Athabasca  and  Saskatchow.in.  But  the 
field  was  too  great  for  individual  resources,  and 
besides  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  entered  the 
field  with  a  competition  which  could  only  be 
met  by  combination.  So  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany of  Montreal  was  formed  in  1784  for  the 
express  purpose  of  meeting  and  overcoming  the 


HISTORY    OF    ORKOON. 


I! 


comp(>tifiuii  of  tli(!  Iliitlson's  Hay  Cinnpiiuy, 
which  liiid  proved  so  niiiioiis  to  the  individual 
traders  wlio  iiad  ventured  into  tiie  country  hu- 
I'ore.  In  a  very  few  years  tiiis  became  a  most 
prosperous  and  ])o\verful  organization,  and  its 
traders  and  explorers  tilled  all  tiio  country  cast 
of  the  liocky  mountains  as  far  north  us  the 
Arctic  and  as  far  south  as  the  Missouri. 

The  irreat  headquarters  of  this  ("onipany  was 
at  "Fort  Chippewyan  "  oti  Lake  Athabasca,  and 
were  under  the  charge  on  Alexander  Mackenzie, 
a  very  resolute  and  able  man,  whose  enterprise 
in  explorations  stamped  his  name  of  the  geog- 
raphy of  all  the  west  and  nortli.  In  1791  he 
organized  a  small  party  for  a  western  exploration, 
intending  to  prosecute  his  journey  until  he 
reached  the  Pacific  ocean.  He  had,  two  years 
before,  discovered  the  river  tiiat  bears  his  own 
name,  and  followed  it  from  its  source  in  Great 
Slave  lake  to  where  it  <lischarges  its  waters  into 
the  Arctic  ocean.  U.aing  thus  a8certaine<l  the 
character  and  extent  of  the  country  to  the  north- 
west, he  was  determined  to  develop  the  charac- 
ter of  riiat  to  the  west  by  the  expedition  on 
which  he  was  now  enterinif.  Ilo  left  Fort 
C;hipewyan  on  the  lOth  of  October,  1791, 
and  with  much  ditHculty  ascended  tiie  Peace 
river  from  Lake  Athabasca  to  the  foot  of  the 
Uocky  itioiiiitains.  where  the  party  encamjjed 
for  the  winter.  In  June  of  the  following  year 
he  resumed  his  journey,  slill  following  up  the 
same  streai  i.  which  he  traceu  fo  its  source  near 
the  lifty-rourth  parallel  of  latitude  and  distant 
a'lout  1.000  miles  from  its  iiouth.  Only  a 
thort  distance  from  the  spring  s  of  the  I'eaee 
river  he  came  upon  those  o'i  another  stream 
flov.  lug  westward,  called  by  che  natives  Taoou- 
tche^  Tesaee,  down  which  he  floated  in  canoes 
about  250  miles.  Leaving  tiic  river,  he  then 
proceeded  westward  overland,  and  on  the  22d 
of  duly,  1792,  rcMched  the  Pacific  ocean,  at  the 
moutl)  of  an  inlet  in  latitude  52°  10'.  This 
inlet  had,  only  a  few  weeks  previously,  been 
surveyed  by  the  fleet  of  Vancouver;  and  thus 
Mackenzie  had   connected   the   laud  and  water 


explorations   of  Great    Britain    on  the    Pacific 
coast. 

Mackenzie  reached  tlie  coast  far  north  of  the 
mouth  of  the  river  on  which  he  had  sailed  in  his 
canoes  so  tar  to  the  southwest.  On  his  return 
to  Fort  Chipptwyan,  late  in  August,  1792,  he 
learned  of  the  discovery  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  by  Gaptain  Gray,  when  he  at  once 
concluded  that  the  stream  he  had  followed  so 
far  W!'s  the  upper  part  of  that  river,  and  it  was 
.-'0  considered  by  geographers  until  1812,  or 
twenty  years  after  Mackenzie's  jonrney,  when 
Simon  Fraser,  of  the  same  company  as  Macken- 
zie, traced  it  to  its  mouth  in  the  gulf  of 
(Georgia,  a  little  north  of  the  49"  of  latitude. 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  known  as  P'raser's 
river.  To  Alexander  Mackenzie  doubtless  bo. 
longs  the  honor  of  making  the  flrst  journey 
down  the  western  slope  of  the  great  Uocky 
mountain  chain  to  the  Pacific  ocean;  though  it 
was  made  wholly  north  of  the  parallel  that  was 
subsequently  fixed  as  the  boundary  line  between 
the  British  possessions  on  the  American  conti- 
nent and  the  United  States. 

It  is  somewhat  a  striking  coincidence  that  the 
flrst  iinport.iiit  .Vmerican  movement  for  an  ex- 
ploration by  land  of  the  country  lying  on  the 
nortli  Paciflc  coast  was  made  the  same  year  that 
Mackenzie  accomplished  his  journey  to  the  Pa- 
ciflc and  that  Captain  Gray  sailed  into  tlie 
month  of  the  Columbia  river.  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son, at  that  time  the  representative  of  the 
United  States  Government  at  the  court  of  Ver- 
sailles, became  deeply  interested  as  an  Ameri- 
can in  this  great  western  region.  lie  proposed 
to  the  American  Philosojihical  Society  that  a 
subscription  be  raised  for  the  purpose  of  defray- 
ing the  expenses  of  an  exploration,  and  a  person 
be  employed  competent  to  conduct  it.  lie 
wished  it  to  "ascend  the  Misuouri  river,  cross 
the  Stony  mountains,  and  descend  the  nearest 
river  to  the  Pacific."  His  suggestion  was  act- 
ed upon  by  the  society,  and  Captain  Meri- 
wether Lewis,  on  the  recoininendation  of  Jef- 
ferson, was  selected  to  lead  the  expedition; 
and    Andre  Micheaux,  a  distinguished  French 


HIHTOHY    OF    OltEOON. 


S8 


botiinifct,  wns  chosen  to  iiccoinpany  liini.  Tliey 
proceeded  as  far  as  Kentucky,  when  Mr.  Mich- 
eanx  was  recalled  hy  the  French  minister  at 
Washington  and    the  expedition  was  given   up. 

The  ne-xt  inovonient  for  the  accomplishment 
of  the  same  purpose  was  while  the  treaty  was 
peiidinj;  between  Mr.  Jefferson,  then  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  Napoleon,  then  ruler 
of  France  for  the  transfer  of  the  claims  of 
France,  to  the  whole  Northwest  to  the  United 
States.  On  the  18th  of  January,  1803,  the 
president  transmitted  a  special  niessaj^e  to  Con- 
gress in  which  he  incorporated  a  recommendation 
that  an  official  expedition  be  dispatched  on  the 
same  errand  contemplated  in  the  one  that  had 
been  abandoned.  An  ample  appropriation  was 
made,  and  again  Captain  Lewis,  then  private 
secretary  to  the  president,  was  chosen  to  con- 
duct it.  He  solicited  William  Clarke  as  his 
associate. 

The  instructions  issued  to  these  gentlemen, 
by  Ml'.  Jefferson,  while  specilic  as  to  purpose, 
were  broad  as  to  geograj)hical  extent.  In  them 
he  says; 

"  The  object  of  your  mission  is  to  explore  the 
Missouri  river  and  such  principal  streams  of  it 
as,  by  its  course  and  communication  with  the 
waters  of  the  Pacific  ocean,  whether  the  Colum- 
bia, Oregon,  Colorado,  or  any  other  river,  may 
offer  the  most  direct  and  practicable  water  com- 
munication across  the  continent  for  the  pur- 
poses of  commerce." 

They  were  directed  to  thoroughly  inform 
themselves  of  the  extent  and  number  of  the  In- 
dian tribes,  their  customs  and  degrees  of  civil- 
ization, and  to  report  fully  upon  the  topography 
of  the  regions  through  which  they  passed,  to- 
gether with  the  character  of  the  soil,  natural 
])r(iduct8,  animal  life,  mineral  resources,  climate, 
and  to  inquire  particularly  into  the  fur  trade 
and  the  needs  of  commerce.  When  these  in- 
structions were  given,  Louisiana  had  not  been 
ceded  to  the  United  dtates,  and  hence  Mr. 
Jefferson  continued: 

"  ^'our  mission  has  been  communicated  to  the 
ministers  here   from  France,  Spain  and  Great 


Britain,  and  through  them  to  their  govern- 
ments; and  such  assurances  given  them  as  to 
its  objects  as  we  trust  will  satisfy  them.  The 
country  of  Louisiana  having  been  ceded  by 
Spain  to  F'rance,  the  [)assport  you  have  from  the 
minister  of  France,  the  representative  of  the 
present  sovereign  of  that  country,  will  be  a  pro- 
tection with  all  its  subjects;  and  that  from  the 
minister  of  England  will  entitle  you  to  the 
friendly  aid  of  any  traders  of  that  allegiance 
with  wh.itr:  y  .;,i  may  happen  to  meet." 

A  few  days  before  the  expedition  was  ready 
to  start,  the  joyful  intelligence  was  received 
that  France  had  formally  ceded  Louisiana  to  the 
United  States;  lien^^e  the  passport  of  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  I'^rench  government  at  Wash- 
ington was  not  needed. 

Captain  Lewis  left  Washington  on  the  5th 
day  of  July,  1803,  and  on  arriving  at  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  was  joined  by  Clarke.  They 
selected  their  party,  went  as  far  as  St.  Louis, 
near  which  they  went  into  camp,  and  remained 
until  the  final  start  was  made,  on  the  14th  day 
of  May,  1804.  The  party  now  consisted  of 
Captains  Lewis  and  Clarke,  nine  young  men 
from  Kentucky,  fourteen  soldiers,  two  F'rench 
C'anadian  voyageurs,  an  interpreter  and  hunter, 
and  a  negro  servant  of  Captain  Clarke,  The 
party  ascended  the  Missouri  river  as  far  as 
the  country  of  the  Mandan  Indians,  with  which 
tribe  they  remained  all  winter. 

Their  westward  journey  was  resumed  in  the 
spring  of  1805.  They  followed  up  the  Mis- 
souri, of  whose  course  and  tributaries  and 
characteristics  they  had  obtained  very  accurate 
information  from  the  Mandans.  Passing  the 
mouth  of  the  Yellowstone,  or  Roche  Jaune  of 
the  French  Canadian  trappers  and  voyageurs 
who  had  already  visited  it,  they  continued  up 
the  Missouri,  passing  its  great  falls  and  cas- 
cades, and  ascending  through  its  mighty  caflon, 
crossed  the  Koeky  mountain  divide  and  de- 
scended its  western  side  to  the  stream  now 
known  at  different  points  on  its  course  as 
"  Deer  Lodge,"  "  Hellgate."  "  Bitter  Root," 
"  Clarke's  F'ork,"  and  "  Pend  d'  Oreille."    Upon 


54 


HIHTOHY    OF    OlUidOX. 


ill  \i 

Is 


this  stream  they  liestowed  the  nainoof  "  Clarke's 
river."  From  this  river  tlie  advance  party, 
micler  Clarke,  crossed  the  Hitter  Hoot  inoiuitaiiis 
by  the  Lolo  trail.  On  tiiese  rugged  heijflits 
they  suft'ered  intensely  from  cold  and  hunger. 
On  the  2()th  day  of  September  they  came  to  a 
village  of  Nez  Perces  Indians,  situated  on  a 
plain  about  fifteen  miles  from  the  south  fork  of 
(Jlearwater  river,  where  tiiey  were  received  witli 
great  hospitality. 

Wlieu  they  reached  the  Nez  Perces  village 
the  party  was  nearly  famished,  and  they  partook 
of  such  (quantities  of  the  food  so  liberally  pro- 
vided by  their  Indian  hosts  that  many  of  them 
became  too  ill  to  proceed  until  the  second  day, 
and  among  that  number  was  (Marke  himself. 
As  soon  as  tiiey  were  able  to  proceed,  they  went 
to  the  village  of  the  chief,  Twisted  Hair,  situated 
on  an  island  in  the  stream.  To  tliis  river 
Clarke  gave  the  name  "  Koos-koos-kee,"  doubt- 
less slightly  misunderstanding  the  woi'ds  used 
by  the  Nez  Perces  in  distinguishing  it  from  the 
Snake  river,  into  which  it  enters, — ''Koots- 
koots-liee," — which  those  acquainted  with  the 
Nez  Perces  tongue  say  is  a  descriptive  term, 
and  means  "This  is  the  smaller.'' 

Here  the  two  parties  were  united,  and  after 
resting,  a  few  days,  journeyed  on  down  the 
Clearwater.  The  company  was  now  utterly  ex- 
hausted. Many  found  it  ditficult  to  sit  upon 
their  horses.  Captain  Lewis  was  very  ill  The 
weather  was  hot  and  oppressive.  They  felt  that 
they  could  j)roceed  no  farther  in  their  former 
manner  of  traveling,  and  the  commanders  re- 
solved to  prepare  canoes,  and  prosecute  the 
remainder  of  their  journey  in  them.  With 
Twisted  llair  as  guide,  Clarke  proceeded  about 
five  miles,  where  suitable  timber  was  found, 
and  encamped  on  the  low  ground  opposite  the 
forks  of  the  river. 

When  their  canoes  were  constructed,  leaving 
their  horses  and  equipage  with  Twisted  Hair, 
they  embarked  on  the  Clearwater  on  their  jour- 
ney toward  the  Pacific. 

They  were  not  long  in  reaching  Snake  river, 
which,  in  honor  of  Captain  Lewis   they   called 


"Lewis  river."  Down  that  stream  to  the  Co- 
lumbia was  a  qnick  and  rapid  passage.  Down 
the  Columbia  was  not  less  rapid,  and  they 
reached  the  cascades  of  that  stream  on  the  21st 
(lay  of  October.  Making  the  portage  of  the 
cascades  they  embarked  again,  passed  the  mouth 
of  the  Willamette  without  observing  it,  and  oti 
the  15th  day  of  November  reached  cape  Disap- 
pointment and  looked  out  on  the  great  ocean, 
which  had  been  the  goal  of  their  journoyiug 
for  u)ore  than  a  year. 

They  remained  near  the  ocean,  wintering  in  a 
log  dwelling  which  they  erected  on  the  south 
side  of  the  C'olumbia,  which  they  called  "Fort 
(Matsop,"  in  honor  of  the  Indians  which  inhab- 
ited that  region.  Hoping  that  some  trading 
vessel  from  which  they  could  replenish  their 
stores  would  visit  the  river  tliey  delayed  their 
departure  houicward  until  the  23d  of  March, 
1800.  Uefore  leaving  they  gave  the  chiefs  of 
the  Clatsops,  and  also  of  the  Chinooks,  who  re- 
sided on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  certificates 
of  hospitable  treatment,  aud  posted  a  writing  on 
the  wall  of  their  cabin  in  tiiese  words: 

"The  objec't  of  this  last  is,  that  through  tho 
medium  of  some  civilized  person,  who  may  see 
the  same,  it  may  be  made  known  to  the  world 
that  the  party,  consisting  of  the  persons  whose 
names  are  hereunto  annexed,  and  who  were  sent 
out  by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of 
.\merica  to  explore  the  interior  of  the  continent 
of  North  America,  did  penetrate  the  same  by 
the  way  of  the  Missouri  and  (Jolumbia  rivers  to 
the  discharge  of  the  latter  into  the  Pacific  ocean, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  14th  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1805,  and  departed  tho  23d  day  of  March, 
1806,  on  their  return  to  the  United  States  by 
the  same  route  by  which  they  had  come  out." 

To  this  paper  were  appended  the  names  of 
the  members  of  the  expedition.  Several  co])ies 
of  the  paper  were  left  among  the  Indians  and 
the  following  year  one  of  them  was  handed  by  an 
Indian  to  Captain  Hall,  an  American  trader, 
whose  vessel,  the  Lydia,  had  entered  the  Colum- 
bia river.  By  him  it  was  taken  to  China  and 
thence  to  the    United    States.     Therefore    had 


niHTOHY    OV    OIIKOON. 


m 


tlio  jxtrty  perislied  on  tlieir  return,  evidence  of 
tlie  completion  of  their  purpose  would  have  been 
left  behind  thenfi. 

Their  journey  out  had  been  ro  long  and  its 
expense  so  great  that,  on  taking  an  invoice  of 
tlieir  possessions  on  starting  on  the  return  jour- 
ney they  found  that  they  had  available  for  tratKc 
with  the  Indians  only  six  blue  robes,  one  scarlet 
robe,  one  United  States  artillery  hat  and  coat, 
five  robes  made  from  the  national  ensign,  and 
a  few  old  clothes  trimmed  with  ribbons.  Upon 
this  scant  store  must  they  depend  for  purchas- 
ing provisions  and  horses,  and  paying  tribute 
to  stubborn  chieftains,  through  whose  domin- 
ions they  might  pass  on  their  long  homeward 
journey. 

Oti  their  return  they  proceeded  np  the  south 
side  of  the  Columbia,  coming  unexpectedly 
upon  a  large  river  flowing  into  it  from  the 
south.  On  an  island  at  its  mouth  was  a 
large  Indian  village  called  "Multnomah," 
which  name  they  understood  to  ajiply  to  the 
river  they  had  discovered,  of  the  course  of 
which  tliey  made  careful  inquiry.  The  result 
of  these  inquiries  was  noted  in  the  map  of  the 
expedition,  making  the  river  to  flow  from  Cali- 
fornia to  the  north  and  west,  and  the  Indian 
tribes  that  actually  resided  on  the  waters  of 
Snake  river  to  reside  upon  its  banks.  Tlvir 
journey  np  stream  was  far  more  tedious  with 
their  canoes  than  had  been  their  passage  down, 
away  to  the  numerous  rapids  and  cascades;  and 
at  the  mouth  what  they  called  Lapage  river — 
now  "John  Day"— they  abandoned  their  canoes 
and  packing  their  baggage  on  the  back  of  a  few 
horses  that  they  had  purchased  from  the  In- 
dians proceeded  up  the  southern  bank  of  the 
Columbia  on  foot.  Crossing  the  Umatilla  river, 
called  by  them  the  You-ma-lo-law,  they  arrived 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Walla  Walla  on  the  27th 
day  of  April. 

The  greatest  Indian  chief  of  the  Pacific  coast, 
at  that  time,  if  not  indeed  of  all  tradition,  was 
then  at  the  head  of  the  Walla  nation.  His 
name  was  Vellept.  The  story  of  his  life  and 
death,  as  handetl  down  by  the  traditions  of  his 


people,  is  of  the  niofet  thrilling  and  romantic 
character,  but  belongs  rather  to  such  writitigs 
as  Cooper's  than  to  the  soberchronicles  of  history. 
This  powerful  chieftain  received  the  company 
with  most  generous  hospitality,  which  ciiarmed 
the  travelers  into  some  lingering  before  they 
ventured  farther  into  the  wild  gorges  of  the 
mountains.  The  journal  of  the  expeditioti  re- 
cords tlie  kindness  of  these  Indians  with  many 
appreciative  words  and  closes  its  notice  of  them 
by  saying:  "We  may  indeeil,  justly  affirm  that 
of  all  the  Indians  thai  we  have  seen  since  leav- 
ing the  United  States  the  Walla  Wallas  were 
the  most  hospitable,  honest  and  sincere." 

Leaving  these  hospitable  people  on  the  29th 
of  A))ril  the  party  passed  eastward  on  the  great 
"  Nez  Perces  trail."  This  trail  was  the  great 
highway  of  the  Walla  Wallas,  Cayuses  and  Nez 
Perces  eastward  to  the  buffalo  ranges,  to  which 
they  aimunlly  resorted  for  game  8\ipj)lies.  It 
passed  np  the  valley  of  the  Touchet,  called  by 
Lewis  and  Clarke  the  "  White  Stallion  " — thence 
over  the  high  prairie  ridges,  and  down  the 
Alpona  to  the  crossing  of  Snake  river,  then  up 
the  north  bank  of  Clearwater  to  the  village  of 
j  Twisted  Hair,  where  tlie  exploring  party  had  left 
their  horses  on  their  way  down  the  previous 
autumn.  It  was  worn  deep  and  broad,  and  in 
many  stretches  on  the  open  j)lains  and  over  tlie 
smooth  hills  twenty  horsemen  conld  ride  abreast 
in  the  parallel  paths  worn  by  the  constant  rush 
of  the  Indian  generations  from  time  immemo- 
rial. The  writer  has  often  passed  over  it  when 
it  lay  exactly  as  it  did  when  the  tribes  of 
Yellept  and  Twisted  Hair  traced  its  sinuous 
courses,  or  where  Lewis  and  Clarke  and  their 
companions  lirst  marketl  it  with  the  heel  of 
civilization.  But  the  plow  has  long  .lincc  oblit- 
erated it,  and  where  the  monotonous  song  of 
the  Indian's  inarch  was  droningly  chanted  for 
80  many  barbaric  ages,  tlie  song  of  the  reaper 
thrills  the  clear  air  as  he  comes  to  his  garner 
bringing  in  the  sheaves.  A  more  delightful 
ride  of  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  than  this  tliat 
the  company  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  made  over 
the  swelling  prairie  upland  and  along  the  crys- 


B« 


lllsroHY    OF    (iltEaoN. 


till  sticuiiis  lii'tweuii  Wiillii  Wiilla  and  llic  villajfo 
of  Twibtt'il  Hair,  in  tiiu  Bot't  May  du^^  of  lSO(i, 
can  scarct-'ly  he  foiiiMi  aiiywiicre  on  earth. 

For  tiiu  piirposuB  of  tiiis  narrativo  it  is  not 
necessary  to  truce  tiiu  explorations  of  tiiuse  trav- 
elers fartlier.  interestinir  as  they  would  lie,  for 
they  scarcely  helong  directly  toOreiron  history. 
With  the  usnal  adventures  of  explorers  in  the 
nnfrequented  reffions  which  thoy  traversed  they 
followed  homeward  the  jiath  of  their  outward 
advance,  and  reached  St.  Louis  on  the  25th  of 
Septenilier,  1800,  having;  heen  ahsent  nearly  two 
years  and  a  half. 

Their  safe  return  lo  the  United  States  sent  a 
thrill  of  rejoicing  through  the  country.  Mr. 
Jeiferson.  the  irreat  patron  and  iiispirerof  the 
expedition,  says  of  it: 

■•  Never  did  a  similar  event  excite  more  joy 
throuiihont  the  l'nite<l  States.  Tiie  humblest 
of  its  citizens  had  taken  a  lively  interest  in  tiie 
issue  of  this  journey,  and  looked  forward  with 
impatience  to  the  information  it  would  furnish. 
Their  anxieties,  too,  for  the  safety  of  the  corps 
had  been  kept  in  a  state  of  excitement  by  lugu- 
brious rumors,  circulated  from  time  to  time  on 
uncertain  authorities,  and  uncontradicted  by 
letters,  or  other  direct  information,  from  the 
time  they  had  left  the  Mandan  towns  on  their 
ascent  np  the  river  in  April  of  the  preceding 
year,  1805,  until  their  actual  return  to  St. 
LouiB. 

Captain  Lewis,  soon  after  his  return,  was 
apjiointed  governor  of  Louisiana,  and  Captain 
Clarke  was  made  general  of  militia  of  the  same 
territory  and  Indian  agent  for  the  vast  region 
he  had  so  successfully  explored.  Both  had  per- 
formed inestimable  services  for  tlieircountry,aiid 
were  well  worthy  of  generous  reward.  For 
themselves  they  had  achieved  a  lasting  fame. 
Their  names  will  be  remembered  as  long  as  the 
crystal  waters  of  "  Clarke's  fork  "  or  deep  How 
of  "  Lewis  river  "  roll   to  the  Pacific  sea. 

Tliere  is  another  incident  of  exploration 
wliich.  perha]>s,  should  have  a  place  in  our  narra- 
tive, and  which  may  appear  here,  parenthet- 
ically, as  suitably  as  elsewhere. 


The  name  of  Captain  Jomitlian  Carver,  of 
Connecticut,  who,  t(!ii  years  before  the  Ameri- 
can revolution,  visited  the  region."  of  the  upper 
Mississippi,  has  l)ecoine  connected  with  the  his- 
tory of  Oregon,  not  so  much  from  what  he  really 
ilid  in  the  way  of  exploration  and  discovery  as 
for  what  luulesired  or  intended  to  do.  Captain 
Carver  had  won  some  credit  in  the  war  against 
the  French  in  which  jMigland  hsd  wresteii  from 
I' ranee  her  American  ])ossessions.  and  was  in- 
spired with  zeal  to  establish  Knglish  ascendency 
over  the  entire  northern  part  of  the  American 
continent.  From  all  that  appears  Carver's  act- 
ual travels  were  limited  to  a  visit  to  the  regions 
of  the  upper  Mississippi,  which  he  reached  by 
the  way  of  Detroit  and  Michilinuickinae.  His 
object,  as  stated  in  the  introduction  to  his  book, 
which  was  published  in  London,  in  1778,  was: 
"After  gaining  a  knowledge  of  the  manners,  cus- 
toms, languages,  soil,  and  natural  productions  of 
the  different  nations  that  inhabit  the  back  of  the 
Mississippi,  to  ascertain  the  breadtii  of  the  vast 
continent  which  extends  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  I'acitic  oceans,  in  its  broadest  part,  between 
the  forty-thinl  and  forty-sixth  degrees  of  north- 
ern latitude.  Had  1  been  ab"'^  to  accomplish 
this,  I  intendedto  have  proposed  to  the  Govern- 
ment  to  establish  a  post  in  some  of  these  parts, 
about  the  strait  of  Anian,  which,  having  been 
discovered  by  Sir  Francis  Drake,  of  course  be- 
longs to  the  Knglish.  This,  I  am  convinced, 
would  greatly  facilitate  the  discovery  of  a  north- 
west passage,  or  a  communication  between 
Hudson's  bay  and  the  Facitic  ocean.''  Being 
unable  to  prosecute  his  purp'"'  ,  to  proceed  "lo 
the  headwaters  of  the  Great  Kiver  of  the  West, 
which  falls  into  the  strait  of  Anian."  he 
gathered  what  little  information  he  could  from 
the  tribes  with  whom  ho  came  in  contact;  made 
somewhat  large  extracts  from  French  journals 
and  histories,  and  gave  all  to  the  world  under 
the  title  of  I^ands  Throughout  the  Interior  Farts 
of  North  America  in  1706-'08.''  A  notice  of 
his  work  belongs  to  these  pages  only  because 
of  a  iirief  reference  to  tlie  "Great  Kiver  of  the 
West,"  and  the  fact  that  he,  so   far   as  can   i>e 


MimmmmimM^ 


mm 


HISTORY    Oh'    OIlKaON. 


A7 


nsctTtaiiied,  first  uses  tlie  wonl  Orcj^nn  as  tlip 
name  of  the  soinewliat  niytliical  "(irent  River." 

It  is  due  to  lijistory,  ]icrimp8,  tliat  we  tran- 
scrilie  tiie  Uricf  paseai^e  in  wliicli  lu;  Hi)eal<»  of 
the  groat  etreain  wiiieh  he  thuit  desi  'iiaten.  It 
ig  IIS  roiiowa: 

"From  thjse  nations  [called  i>y  liim  Xaiido- 
wessies,  the  Assinopoils,  and  the  KilliMlionor»l, 
together  with  my  own  ol)Hervation8,  I  have 
learned  that  the  fonr  most  capital  rivers  of 
Nortli  Amerien,-  -the  8t.  Lawrence,  the  Miesis- 
slpj)i,  the  river  I'onrhon,  and  the  Ore<jon,  or 
River  of  tlie  West,  have  their  sourceH  in  the 
fame  neighhorhooil.  The  wafer>  of  the  three 
former  are  within  thirty  miles  of  eacli  other; 
the  latter,  known  as  lather  farther  west.  This 
sliowe  that  these  parts  are  the  highest  in  North 
America:  and  it  is  an  instance  not  to  be  paral- 
leled in  the  other  tliree-(iiiarters  of  the  world, 
that  fonr  rivers  of  such  magnitude  should  take 
their  rise  together,  and  each,  after  running  sep- 
arate eonrses,  discharge  their  waters  into  differ- 
ent oceans,  at  a  distance  of  2,0(K)  miles  from 
their  sources;  for  in  their  passage  from  this 
Bjiot  to  the  bay  of  St.  I/iwrence,  east,  to  the 
bay  of  Mexico,  south,  to  Hudson's  bay,  north, 
anil  to  the  bay  at  the  straits  of  Anian,  west, 
each  («f  these  traverse  upward  of  2,000  miles." 

It  would  hardly  seem  to  the  historian  of  the 
present,  that  there  was  enough  in  this  |)ara- 
graph,  which  embraces  all  Tarver  says  respect- 
ing the  Oregon,  or  the  "Great  River  of  the 
West,"  to  associate  his  name  in  any  way  with 
Oregon  liistory,  and  there  is  really  not,  except 
for  his  first  using  the  name  "  Oregon."  Though 
his  use  of  that  name  was  not  such  as  clearly  to 
iijentify  it  with  the  river  whose  mouth  was  dis- 
covered by  Captain  Gray  in  1792,  and  which 
he  appropriately  called  the  (!olnmbia,  it  really 
did  furnish  the  name  for  this  vast  region  west- 
ward of  the  liocky  nmiintains,  lying  between  the 
42ii  degree  of  latitude  and  54"  40' ,  and  includ- 
ing the  present  three  great  northwestern  States 
of  the  American  Union.  Carver  gives  no  ac- 
count of  tlie  origin  of  the  name  Oregon,  and  no 
authority  for  its  use,  and  up  to  this   time  no 


research  has  been  able  to  discover  them.  There 
is  little  doubt  but  that  it  was  invented  by  Car- 
ver, and  that  it  has  no  liisforii-  or  scientitic  ^ig- 
nifieanee  whatever,  except  as  it  is  assoi'iated 
with  the  mythical  (treat  River  of  the  West,  and 
I  from  thai  passed  to  represent  the  vast  country 
through  which  it  was  believed  to  flow.  At 
length  Hryant  made  it  classic  in  his  Thamitop- 
sis  when  ho  sang  of 

"TliB  I'onliniious  wooil  where  lolU  the  Dregon, 
Anil  lieara  no  aoumi  Hiive  Us  own  dashing." 

So  we  trust  to  be  |)ardoned  for  not  pursnitig  a 
wearying  investigation  into  the  derivation  or 
meaning  of  the  name  Oregon,  since  all  the 
studies  of  antiquarians  have  failed  to  do  more 
than  reach  the  conclusion  we  have  aniumnced 
in  a  single  sentence. 

These  two  early  expeditions,  that  by  Macken- 
zie in  1702,  under  the  auspices  of  a  eomjiany 
wholly  British,  and  that  of  Lewis  &  Clarke  in 
lS05-'06  under  the  direction  of  the  (lovernment 
of  the  United  States,  are,  perhaps,  the  only  ex- 
peditions across  the  American  continent  entitled 
to  be  classed  as  exploring.  Those  that  followed 
these  entered  more  into  the  fabric  of  the  history 
of  the  regions  by  them  brought  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  civilized  world:  and  they  will,  as 
far  as  necessary,  be  treated  of  as  such  in  their 
proper  places.  If  any  exception  to  this  is  al- 
lowed it  should  refer  to  the  expeditions  of  Capt- 
ain Fremont,  to  whi<di,  as  they  were  under  he 
auspices  and  at  the  expense  of  the  L'nited  States 
Government,  it  seems  j)roper  that  a  brief  refer- 
ence shall  be  made.  They  had  for  their  object 
geographical  and  topographical  information  in 
relation  to  Oregon. 

John  C.  PVemont  was  a  member  of  the  Corps 
of  Topographical  Engineers  of  the  United  States, 
appointed  from  civil  life,  and  hence  not  enter- 
ing that  service  through  the  door  of  West  Point. 
He  was  restlessly  ambitions,  in  love  with  adven- 
ture and  anxious  to  distingnish  himself.  For 
his  fame  he  fell  on  auspicious  times.  Public 
attention  was  strongly  directed  toward  (Oregon. 
lie  Eolicited  an  apjiointment  to  the  command 
of  an  expedition,  which  he  had  desired  himself 


M 


iirsronr  oh'  oiikuon. 


:'  11 


to  exploit'  1111(1  map  out  tlm  coiiiitry  went  of  Mi«- 
Houi'i  iiK  far  118  tin;  South  I'lms  in  tliii  Kocky 
niountiiitis.  Ill  ftcconlniii'C!  willi  IiIh  rocjiiuHt 
(Joloiioj  ,1.  .1.  Al>ut,  cliiel'  of  the  Corps  of  the 
Topoj;;riipliical  EnjfiiieerB,  oi'derwi  the  expedition 
ftiid  gave  its  cuiiimaiid  to  Captain  I'reiiiont.  Ab 
this  expedition  of  1S42  had  littlt;  more  to  do 
with  Oregon  than  to  prepare  the  way  for  the  one 
of  the  followiiii;  vt'i"'  which  was  continued  in 
foree  to  the  dalles  of  the  (Joluniliia  and  \>y  ('apt- 
aiii  Fremont  himself  to  Fort  \^iiiconver  we  can 
dismiss  it  with  this  hricf  reference. 

The  second  expedition,  that  of  1843,  like  tliat 
of  the  preceding  yenr,  was  orj^anized  at  Captain 
Fremont's  own  solicitation.  He  dictated  its 
ohject,  marked  out  its  route  and  selected  its  per- 
sonnel. Its  oliject  was  to  connect  hi.s  own  sur- 
vey of  the  previous  year,  which  reached  as  far 
west  as  the  South  Pass,  with  that  of  ( 'ommander 
Wilkes  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  He 
selected  a  company  of  thirty-three  men,  princi- 
pally of  Creole  and  (Canadian  French,  with  a 
few  Americans,  and  leaving  Kansas  landing  on 
the  ^[issoiiri  river  on  the  2yth  of  ^^ay,  reached 
the  teriiiination  of  his  former  recoiinoissance  in 
the  South  Pass,  by  the  way  of  the  Kansas,  Ar- 
kansas and  upper  Platte  rivers,  passinir  r)ver  the 
spot  where  Denver  now  is,  on  tlui  liJth  of  Au- 
gust. Here  he  entered  Oregon,  makiiiir  tliisj 
frank  record  that  "  the  hroad.  smooth  hij^hway 
where  the  numerous  heavy  waj^o  ns  of  the  emi- 
grants had  entirely  heaten  and  crushed  the  ar- 
temisia.  was  a  happy  exchange  to  our  poor 
animals  for  the  sharp  rocks  and  tough  shrubs 
among  which  they  had  been  toiling  so  long.  " 
This,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  the  great  emi- 
gration of  184B,  and  Captain  Fremont  makes 
no  claim  in  his  reports  to  have  had  anything  to 
do  with  pioneering  its  way  or  contributing  to  its 
safe  condu(!t,  as  his  was  a  purely  scientific  and 
topographical  expedition,  and,  in  t)ur8Uaiice  of 
these  juirposes  often  led  him  far  aside  from 
the  road  of  the  emigrants.  We  speak  of  this  in 
simple  justice,  as  some  writers  have  ridiculed 
him  as  claiming  to  be  the  '•  pathfinder"  to  Ore- 
gon,—aclaiin  which  he  nowhere  makes, but  which 


was  only  a  [lolitical  catch-wonl  of  his  friends 
when  he  was  the  tlri.t  candidate  of  the  Uupubli- 
can  jiarty  for  president  of  tlui  (Inited  States.  It 
was  like  ••  Fifty  four  forty  or  fight  "  of  the  can- 
didacy of  Mr.  Polk  in  1M44,  although  it  did  not 
serve  so  successfully  its  purpose  as  tha' 

From  the  South  Pass  (japtain  l'"remont  con- 
tinued his  course  along  the  well-beaten  emigrant 
road  to  (ireen  river  and  then  to  Hear  river, 
imiking  c.  .ef'iil  annotatious  of  the  topography 
and  ge(dogy  of  the  croiintry  ovc  ,■  which  he 
passed.  His  exhaustive  description  of  the 
locality  and  character  of  Soda  or  Heer  springs 
has  been  the  authority  of  all  writors  on  the 
topography  and  mineralogy  of  that  r  fioii 
from  that  day  to  this.  It  is  worth  ■  bserving 
that  his  astromonical  observations  heiL  lace 
Soda  springs  in  latitude  42'  39'  57",  or  less 
than  fifty  miles  north  of  what  was  then  Mexico 
and  consequently  the  same  distance  in  Oregon. 
These  are  the  "Soda  springs'"  now  on  thi;  line 
of  the  Union   Pacific  railroad   in  eastern    Idaho. 

The  intention  of  (Japtain  Fremont  being  to 
explore  the  Great  Salt  lake,  which,  up  to  this 
time  had  been  almost  a  myth  so  far  as  science 
was  concerned,  about  five  miles  west  of  Soda 
springs  ho  turned  to  the  left,  while  the  emi- 
grant road  bore  away  over  the  hills  to  the  right, 
and,  after  ten  days'  travel,  mainly  down  the  Mear 
Iliver  valley,  on  the  afternoon  of  September  5th 
encamped  on  the  shore  of  a  great  salt  marsh  which 
he  correctly  concluded  must  be  the  margin  of 
the  lake.  He  reached  the  bed  of  the  lake  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Hear  river,  but  skirted  along 
it  to  the  south  until  he  reacdied  the  mouth  of 
Weber  river,  near  which  the  party  encamped 
and  made  [)reparation8  for  an  exploration  of 
some  portions  of  the  lake  in  an  inflated  india- 
rubber  boat.  Finally  on  the  morning  of  Sep- 
tember y,  the  party  launched  out  on  the  then 
calm  surface  of  this  ocean-like  sea,  and  about 
noon  reached  the  shore  of  an  island  where  they 
remained  that  ami  the  following  day. 

The  account  given  by  Fremont  of  Salt  lake 
and  its  surrounding  is  exceedingly  particular  and 
interesting,    but   of  too  great  length   for  these 


ft  iiifiiilifiii        fi 


UIHTOItV    OF    ONEHON. 


pa^('!4.  Ur  nMiiiiiiiud  ii|>oii  tlut  Inko  until  the 
I2tli  of  Jit'|)t('ml)cr,  wlii'ii  liu  ruBiiint'd  lii«  jour- 
ney towHrd  the  CJohiiiihia,  returning  along  the 
line  of  liis  previous  travel.  Ilin  roinpany  •.vas 
entirely  out  of  food,  tuakinj^  oim  itujiper  out  of 
fiea-gullr>,  wliieli  Kit  Carttoii  had  killed  near  the 
lake.  Another  evoninff  Captain  Fremont  re- 
cords the  fact  tliHt  iiun^^er  uiado  iiio  people  very 
quiet  and  peaceaMe,  aiul  there  wan  rarely  an  oath 
to  lie  heard  in  the  catnp.  (Certainly  those  ae- 
((Uiiinted  with  the  habits  of  the  men  of  the 
mountaitiH  and  plains  in  thoHe  days  will  believe 
these  must  have  been  very  hunc^ry.  lie  restored 
them  to  j^ayety,  and  probably  profanity  too,  by 
permitting  them  "to  kill  a  fat  youni;  iiorse" 
which  he  had  purchased  of  the  Smike  Indians. 
Their  course  led  northward,  thronj^h  the  ranf^e 
of  mountains  that  divide  the  (treat  Hiisin  of 
Salt  Lake  frtim  the  waters  that  flow  to  the  Pa- 
cific through  the  Snake  and  (!olumbia  rivers. 
From  these  moutitains  they  emerged  into  the 
valley  of  what  he  calls  the  Pannack  river,  other- 
wise known  as  the  Raft  river,  down  which  they 
followed  until  they  emerged  on  the  plains  of 
Snake  river  in  view  of  the  "Three  Huttes,"  the 
most  |)rominent  landmarks  of  these  great  plains, 
and  reached  Snake  river  on  the  evening  of  Sep- 
tember 22d,  a  few  miles  above  the  American 
Falls. 

From  this  point  the  reconnoissance  of  Captain 
Fremont  was  down  tiie  valley  of  Snake  river, 
along  the  course  afterward  so  familiar  to  the 
emigrants,  sweeping  to  the  south  along  the  foot 
of  the  Goose  Creek  mountains  several  miles 
distant  from  Snake  river,  for  all  the  distance  in 
which  it  runs  through  the  deeply  cut  basaltic 
gorge,  in  which  are  situated  its  greatest  curiosi- 
ties, the  Twin  falls  and  the  great  Slu>>-hone  Falls, 
the  existence  of  both  of  which  was  unknown  to 
white  men  until  ten  years  later  tlian  Captain 
Fremont's  explorations.  He  crossed  the  river 
to  the  north  side  some  miles  below  "  Fish- 
ing" or  Salmon  falls,  thence  to  the  Boise 
river  striking  that  stream  near  the  present  site 
site  of  Boise  City,  and  via  old  Fort  Hoise,  where 
he  recrossed  the  Snake  river  to  the  south,  and  so 


westward  through  I'owiler  river  valley  and 
(irande  Konde  valley  to  the  Columbia  river, 
whicii  he  reached  at  Walla  Walla,  now  Wallala, 
on  the  2oth  day  of  October.  In  this  etitire  dis- 
tance nutny  cartd'ul  and  freijuent  astronomical  oh- 
eervatioiis  were  taken,  latitudes  and  longtitudes 
were  fixed,  and  the  country  very  accurately  do- 
scribed  topograpliically.  The  only  part  of  this 
stage  of  his  journey,  on  which  Captain  Fremont, 
did  not  follow  the  usual  route  of  the  emigrants, 
was  from  near  where  La  (irande  now  stands,  in 
Grande  lioiidc  valley  over  the  Blue  mountains,  to 
where  Milton  is  now  located  on  the  Walla 
Walla  river  just  below  wliere  it  issues  from  the 
mountains.  Here  he  sought  a  new  route,  pass- 
ing the  head  of  the  Umatilla  river  to  the  east 
and  north;  but  though  he  succeeded  in  forcing 
his  way  through  the  Blue  range  there,  it  has 
not  been  adopted  as  a  feasible  line  of  general 
travel. 

PVeiiiont  continueil  hif  journey  down  the 
banks  of  the  '  'olnmbia,  and  on  the  4th  of  No- 
vember reached  the  Dalles.  Leaving  most  of  his 
party  nt  this  point.  Captain  Fremont  himself 
continued  his  journey  down  the  river,  and  in  a 
few  days  reached  Vancouver,  where  his  westward 
journey  terminated. 

The  reception  ^Ir.  Fremont  met  at  the  hands 
of  Dr.  McLaughlin,  at  that  time  governor  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  CoTnpany,  was  such  as  that 
eminently  hospitable  and  courteous  gentlcnan 
always  extended  to  those  who  visited  that  place. 
The  record  made  by  Captain  Fremont  fully 
evinces  this,  and  is  like  the  common  record  of 
visitors  there.  He  says:  "I  immediately  waited 
on  Dr.  McLaughlin,  the  executive  ofKcer  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  who  received  me  with  the  courtesy 
and  hospitality  for  which  he  has  been  eminently 
distinguished,  and  which  makes  a  forcible  and 
delightful  impression  on  a  traveler  from  the 
long  wilderness  from  which  we  had  issued.  I 
was  immedi.iiely  supplied  by  him  with  the 
necessary  stores  and  provisions  to  refit  and  sup- 
port my  party  inour(!ontemplated  winter  journey 
to  the  States."     Dr.  McLaughlin  also  furnished 


I 


1^1 


NJ 


1 


60 


fflSTOnr    OF    OREGON. 


Captain  Fremont  with  a  letter  of  vecoiniiiendii- 
tion  ami  credit  for  any  otHcers  of  tlu»  lliidsonV 
Hay  Company,  into  whose  posts  lie  miijht  he 
driven  hy  unexpected  niiafortiine. 

As  an  item  of  history  re(!orded  liy  Captain 
Fremont  at  this  time  the  t'ollowinjr  is  worth  the 
quoting,  as  it  reveals  Dr.  ^rcLiiiiirhlin's  treat- 
raeiit  of  the  emitrraiit?!  in  a  somewhat  different 
and  more  honorable  light  than  that  in  which 
Kome  writers  have  presented  it.  Mr.  Fremont 
says:  "I  found  many  emigrants  at  the  Fort, 
others  had  already  crossed  over  into  tiicir  land 
of  promise — the  Willamette  valley-  Others 
were  dail"  arriving,  and  all  of  them  had  been 
furnished  with  shelter  so  far  as  it  could  he  af- 
forded by  the  buildiiijjs  of  the  estal)liehinent. 
Necessary  clothing  and  provisions  (the  latter  to 
be  afterward  returned  in  kind  from  the  prodnce 
of  their  lai)or)  were  also  furnished.  This  friendly 
assistance  was  of  very  great  value  to  the  emi- 
grants, whose  families  were  otherwise  e.^posed  to 
much  Butfering  in  the  winter  rains  whicli  had 
now  commenced,  at  the  same  time  that  they 
were  in  want  of  all  the  common  necessaries  of 
life."  This  record  is  honorable  both  to  the  man 
who  made  it  and  the  man  ol  whom  it  was  made, 
especially  when  we  consider  that  the  relations 
of  the  two  governments  of  whmh  they  were 
severally  representative  citizei'--.  and  in  some 
sense  otHcial  representatives,  were  then  in  the 
stress  of  urgent  and  somewhat  strained  di]ilo- 
matic  controversy  over  the  very  country  in  which 
they  had  met. 

Completing  the  outtit  for  his  jiruposed  winter 
journey  toward  the  States.  Captain  Fi'einont  re- 
turned up  the  Columbia,  the  dalles,  arriving  at 
that  place  on  the  afternoon  of  the  18th  of  No- 
vember. I  roin  this  point  he  proposed  to  be- 
gin his  retrrn  exjKMlition.  The  route  selected 
would  lead  L'm  southward,  east  eif  the  Cascade 
range,  clear  through  the  territory  if  the  United 
States,  and  then,  by  a  ^outli  and  eiwtwHrd  wheel, 
through  the  Mexican  territory,  includinsir  a  con- 
tinued survey  of  the  valley  of  the  (treat  Salt 
lake,  back  again  to  the  frontiers  of  Missouri. 
Those  acrpiainted   with   the  region  he  expected 


to  travel  need  not  be  told  that  few  explorers 
ever  venture<l  on  a  more  perilous  expedition 
than  was  this  at  the  season  of  the  year  in  which 
he  undertook  it.  The  country  was  unknown, 
except  that  it  was  a  vast  region  of  bleak  and 
open  deserts,  of  vastand  rocky  ranges  of  mount- 
ains; that  its  inhabitants  were  among  the  low- 
est and  most  savage  of  human  beings,  and  that 
there  was  in  it  little  that  could  bo  used  for  the 
support  of  life.  It  was  a  bold,  brave  venture 
these  men  made. 

It  was  on  the  25th  day  of  November  before 
they  were  ready  to  set  out  from  the  dalle;;.  Up 
to  this  point,  besides  a  mountain  howitzer, 
some  wheeled  vehicles,  the  last,  except  the  Ikjw- 
itzer.  were  here  abandoned,  ami  in  flurries  of 
snow  they  took  leave  of  the  (Jolumbia  river  and 
turned  away  into  the  great  southern  wilderness. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  follow  this  expedi- 
tion, only  so  far  as  it  pioceeded  througli  Oregon. 
The  route  lay  high  up  on  the  eastern  slope  of 
the  Cascade  mountaiiic.  at  times  touching  the 
points  of  timljer  tliat  project  eastward  along 
the  rocky  cliffs,  or  in  the  gorges  of  the  streams. 
Proceeding  southward  they  passed  between  tlie 
Des  Chutes  river  aud  the  mountain  range, 
across  the  Tigli  river  and  over  the  Tigli  prairie, 
finding  that  high  and  sandy  plain  covered  with 
snow,  with  the  thermometer  on  the  ii7th  ;ii  2'  5 ' 
below  zero.  On  the  29th  they  pa6se<l  th(<  Hot 
Springs,  near  wiiicli  are  now  the  buildings  of  the 
Warm  Springs  Indian  Agency.  From  the 
elevated  plain  to  the  south  of  Warm  Springs 
river,  Fremont  records  the  view  of  six  of  the 
great  snowy  peaks  of  the  mountains  at  one 
time,  ile  makes  the  mistake  tliat  nearly  all 
the  travelers  of  that  day  made  of  recording  St. 
Helens  as  one  of  the  j)eak8  visible  from  the 
various  points  east  of  the  main  range,  whereas 
there  ia  no  place  on  the  eastern  plains  from 
whicli  it  can  bo  seen.  Doubtless  the  summit 
of  Mount  Adams,  whicli  can  be  seen  from  many 
points,  was  mistaken  for  the  former.  On  the 
3th  of  December  their  route  lei  them  some- 
what down  from  the  mountain  slope  to  the  main 
branch  of  the  Des  Chutes  river,  crossing  it  the 


wkimmmmftf^ 


HISTORY    OF    OHEGON. 


61 


next  day;  and  after  a  day  or  two  more  crossed 
it  and  entered  on  the  high  plateau  which  sepa- 
rates tlie  waters  of  the  Colunfibia  from  those 
whicli  flow  westward  and  southward,  and  en- 
camped on  Klamath  lake,  on  the  evening  of 
December  12.  They  were  now  nearly  on  the 
line  between  the  territory  of  the  United  States 
and  that  of  Mexico,  and  consequently  we  shall 
!iot  follow  this  exploration  farther.  Yet  it  is 
proper  that  we  remark  that  Captain  Fremont 
continued  on  to  the  southward  amidst  ever  in- 
creasing difhculties  of  travel  on  account  of  the 
roughness  of  the  mountains  and  the  depth  of 
accumulating  snows,  until  he  was  forced  to  at- 
tempt the  ]>aseage  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  mount- 
ains into  the  valley  of  the  Sacramento.  lie 
began   this  effort  on  the  3d  day  of  February, 


and  after  a  cliapter  of  hardships  which  have 
few  parallels  in  the  history  of  explorations, 
reached  Sutter's  Fort,  in  California,  on  the  8th 
(lay  of  March,  1844. 

The  publication  of  the  journal  of  these  ex- 
peditions of  Captain  Fremont,  in  1845, 
awakened  a  much  deeper  interest  in  Oregon 
than  ever  before  existed,  and  his  descriptions 
of  the  route  from  the  Missouri  river  to  Fort 
Vancouver,  in  the  very  heart  of  Oregon,  was  of 
great  value  to  the  great  emigrations  that 
crossed  the  plains  from  1843  onward.  His 
descriptions  were  remarkably  accurate,  and  his 
maps  of  the  routes  traveled  most  scientifically 
correct,  and  these  considerations  entitle  his 
explorations  to  this  brief  reference  in  a  history 
of  Oregon. 


— ^^lil:*-)^ 


CIlAFTEli     VII. 

RIVAL  CLAIMS  AND   PUETEN8I0NS. 

Claims  ok  Eihoi'ean  Na  iions — (^i.aims  ok  Si-ain — Rlssian  Entkhi'ijisk — Eiuct  c)f   Poi-k  Alex- 

ANDKR — MaZV   JJoL'MIAlilKS — ExTKNF  OF  lUK  Ol.n  SrAMSIl   Cl.AlM — Ok    TUK    KkkNCU  Ci.AIM 

I'artiks  To  thk  Stuugc.I/E  CiiANOEi) — Fra.vce  axi)  (tkkat  BurrAiN — liKsur/rs  of  tuk  Wau  ok 
1759  TO   FuANCK — State  OF  tuk  Cask — What  thk  Unitkd  Statks   I'uKcnASKU — Claims  of 

(irKEAr  I'UIIAIN — t'OSTEU  ON  TEhlOl'S    DllM.OMACV Two  TliEATIIOS    AT  OnCE  — N  E<iOTI  ATIONS    (IK 

1807 — Ok  1813 — ".Ioi.nt  Occipanoy''  TREATV--BmTAiN  the  Aii\  antacje  —  Infelence  ok  Siu 
Ai.EXAXDKii  McKenzie — Session  ok  (^onckess  in  1820-'21 — Fiu^t  I'koi'osition  kok  tue 
Settlement  ok  Okegon — "Orkoon  Question"— Senator  Hentdns  Bill — PiforosmoNs  ok 
l828---JoiNT  Occui'ANcv  Ke.vewbd — Webstek-Asiiiiurton  Treatv — TuE  Uoundarv  Question 
AnjoiRNEi)  -  -Treapv  IIatifiei)  anh  Pkd'Laimei) — Taken  rr  »v  tue  People — Two  Views — 
Views  of  Ulkus  Choate — Senator  Benton's  Speech — Henton's  Bill  Passes  the  Senate. 


fllE  clKims  of  the  European  nations  to  j 
owneisliip  of  the  lands  and  resources  of 
America  rested  on  a  somewhat  flimsy 
basis  in  right.  Its  morality  was  that  of  ndght. 
There  was  a  (juasi  yielding  to  these  claims  as 
against  each  other  on  grounds  of  discovery  and 
formal  occupancy.  At  the  same  time  not  one 
of  these  powei's  stopped  tor  a   moment  to  con- 


sider what  rights  of  these  people  that  were 
found  there  when  they  came  would  be  violated 
by  their  assumptions.  Barbaric  nations  never 
hail  any  rights  that  nations  calling  tliemselves 
civilized  have  felt  bound  to  resjiect.  England, 
France,  and  Spain  were,  as  relates  to  what  were 
termed  barbaric  nations,  the  freebooters  of  the 
world.     America  was  a  field  for  civilized  rapine 


lllSTOItV    "/••    (lliKOOX. 


wortliy  <>l    the  strii<fu;le  of  tlieso  racial   giants. 
Unilcr  !H)iiu'  t'oi'iiis  nf  tiviitv,  ticsiaiied  mostly  by 
eitluM'    piii'ty     to  limit  the  pretensions  of     tlie 
otlier,   Imt  as  far  as  possilile  leaving  itself  free 
to    enlari,'e  its  own  claims   as     it    might  have 
power  to  enforce  tlicni,  tliese  powers  moveil  for- 
wani  first,  in   the  agrecMl  ilivision  of  the  area  of 
North  America  ainoni^  themselves,  anil   then  in 
using  tlie  illotled  areas  as  the  small  change  tliat 
setlleii  the  halances  of  peace  and  war  in   eonti- 
nental   Knrope.     Plenipotentiaries  sat  in  Euro- 
pean capitals,  5,000  miles  away   from   the   re- 
.^ioiis  most  interested,  and  arbitrated  American 
Ji!8tinies.      In   tliis   way     America   became    the 
real,  though  passive,  arbiter  of  the  world's  new 
era.     It  was  what  Providencio  had  thrown    into 
the  balances  of  history  to  poiso  ultimately   its 
beam  for  the  eijuitiesand  liberties  of  humanity. 
Let  us    see    how  the  question    stood  200   years 
after  the  Spanish  navigatcir  had    lifted  the    \eil 
of  the  sea  from  the  fair    face  of  this  new  land. 
When    the  treaty  of    Uyswick,   in  l(i!)7,  gave 
.some  definition    to  the  claims    of  France    and 
Spain    and    Russia  in   the  New    World,  Spain 
daimed  as  her  share  of   North  America  all  the 
Pacific  coast   from    Panama  to    Nootka  sound, 
or    Vancouver    island.      Iler    jiretensions    cov- 
ered the  coasts,  bays,  islands,  iisheries.  and  ex- 
tended iidand   indefinitely.      Part  of   this  claim 
was  alleged  on  the  ground  of   discovery  by  the 
heroic   De   Soto  and  others;   and    ail  of   them 
.vere  based  on    iliscovery  under   the  papal   bull 
if  Ale.\ander  VI,  in  1493.     This  ludl  or  decree, 
gave  to  the    di»coverer    all     newly  discovered 
lands  and  waters.     In  1530   Balboa,  the   Span- 
iard, discovered  the    Pacific  ocean  as  he    canie 
iver   the  Isthmus   of   Panama,  and   so   in   liar- 
fnony  with  the  pretentious  decree  of  Alexander 
VI     Spaiti    assumed    rights  of    proprietorship 
over  it.      France  held  advantageous  positions  in 
AnuM'ica  for   the  mastery  of  tlie  continent;   but 
as  they  were  outside  of  the  limits  of  what  was 
afterward  known  as  "Oregoti"  they  med  not  be 
disuussed.     Russia  at  this  time   held  ii)  posses- 
sions in  Xorth  America.      Hut   I'eter  the  Great 
W}i8  her  emperor,  and  his   plans    were  already 


matured  for  entering  the  list  of  contestants  for 
empire  in  the  New  World.  Before  his  plans 
could  be  fully  consiimraated  Peter  the  Great 
bad  died,  ami  bis  widow,  Catherine,  was  on  the 
throne  of  Muscovy.  With  an  enterprise  not 
less  aggressive  than  his,  she  pushed  forward  his 
plans  of  commercial  and  territorial  aggrandize- 
ment until  northern  Asia  as  well  as  northern 
Europe  had  been  made  commercially  tributary 
to  the  designs  of  Russia.  It  was  'Mit  a  step 
from  the  Asiatic  shores  of  the  northern  Pa- 
(iiic  to  those  of  the  American  u)ainland  of 
Alaska,  and  Russia  was  in  a  position  to  take 
that  one  step.  The  fur  trade  furnished  the  oc- 
casion. Prominent,  if  not  indeed  chief,  among 
the  agents  of  Russian  aggression  it)  this  direc- 
tion was  Behring  the  Dane,  who  made  three 
voyages  through  the  straits  that  now  bear  his 
name,  and  on  the  third  gave  up  his  life  on  a 
desolate  little  granite  island  that  still  monu- 
ments his  memory.  But  lie,  and  those  asso 
ciuted  with  him,  had  given,  by  visitation  and 
trade,  a  color  of  title  to  Russia  to  this  North- 
western A  merica. 

At  this  time  England  made  absolutely  no 
pretense  to  territorial  or  even  commercial  rights 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  none  on  the  American 
continent  anywhere  except  on  the  Atlantic 
slope  from  Charlestown  to  Penobscot  north- 
ward, and  inland  to  the  watershed  of  the  AUe- 
ghanies. 

Thus  stood  the  pretended  foreign  ownership 
of  the  New  World  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
treaty  of  liyswick  in  lt)i)7.  The  intelligent 
reader  cannot  but  have  observed  how  shadowy 
were  these  pretentions,  and  how  vague  in  terii- 
torial  limits,  but  they  were  the  basis  of  claims 
that  afterward  became  more  tangible  and  real, 
and  in  their  ultimate  settlement  cost  long  con- 
tinued struggles  of  the  ablest  diplomats  of  the 
world,  and  were  no  mean  elements  in  setting 
nations  in  array  of  ai-ms  against  each  other. 

Though  it  would  be  deeply  interesting  to  trace 
the  movenienls  of  the  struggling  forces  that 
sought  for  mastery  on  this  "Armageddon''  of 
the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  our 


HISTOnr    OF    OREQOy. 


c:! 


limits  preclude  much  more  than  the  merest  out- 
line, and  this  confined  to  what  relates  to  the 
suhjeet  of  our  liistory,  Otx'ivoii.  In  doinir  this 
we  must  refer  oticc  more  to  the  edict  of  Pope 
Alexander  VI,  who,  on  the  4-  of  May,  1493, 
immediately  after  the  return  of  Coliimhns  from 
his  voyaife  of  discovery,  p'.-.'oiisiied  a  liiill  in 
which  ho  drew  an  imaginary  line  from  the 
nortli  pole  to  the  sopln,  a  hundred  leagues  west 
of  the  Azores,  assigning  to  the  Spanish  all  tiiat 
lay  west  of  that  houndary,  nnd  confirming  to 
Portugal  all  that  lay  east  of  it.  One  can 
scarcely  fail  to  recall  an  incident  that  occurred 
on -4  mountain  of  Galilee  about  fourteen  cen- 
t'lries  earlier,  when  a  landless  pretender  drew 
the  vision  of  the  (.'hrist  to  all  the  kingdoms  of 
the  world,  and  all  the  glory  of  them,  and  said, 
"All  these  things  will  I  give  thee,  if  thou  will 
fall  down  and  worship  me." 

While  the  act  of  Alexander  VI  had  as 
little  authority  as  the  other,  it  did  have  a 
greater  influence  on  those  to  whom  it  was  made, 
and  Spain  and  Portng'il,  in  the  glory  of  dis- 
covery and  in  the  pompous  "gift"  of  the  Pope, 
ruled  the  splendid  hour.  In  the  train  of  the 
spirit  of  that  earlier  hour  when  St.  Augustine, 
Florida,  was  founded,  and  the  higoted  Philip 
II  was  proclaimed  monarch  of  all  North 
America,  this  edict  was  made.  Such,  also,  was 
the  superstitious  awe  with  which  the  pretensions 
of  the  Pope  were  then  regarded  in  Europe  that 
this  edict  did  very  much  to  control  the  actions 
of  all  the  powers  of  that  continent  in  regard  to 
the  New  World.  Of  course  very  little  was 
known  of  tiie  geography  of  America  at  this 
time,  and  there  could  really  have  been  no  pro- 
science  of  the  great  part  it  was  io  play  in  the 
future  history  of  the  world.  Something,  there- 
fore, of  tile  indifference  with  which  these  pre- 
tences were  viewed  must  be  set  down  to  this 
fact. 

Through  the  maxe  of  boundary  lines,  fixed  on 
iuiaginary  nnips  by  the  negotiations  of  con- 
tending parties,  rather  than  run  by  the  compass 
on  the  solid  earth,  and  wbicli  involved  to  a 
greater   or   less    extent  the    ultimate    title  to 


Oregon,  we  shall  notnttompt  to  lead  our  read- 
ers. It  is  sufficient  to  .^^ay  that  Fraiice  and 
Eni'land  boi'iin  tu  crowd  .'^nuin  southwiirdlv  and 

•no  [ 

westwardly  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  conti- 
nent. 

France  liad  esti'.blislusJ  some  mythical  ri<;lit 
to  "the  western  part  of  Louisiamu"'  which  she 
secretly  conveyed  to  Spain  in  1 7t33.  Thirty- 
eight  years  thereaftei'  Spain  recoiiveyed  the 
same  to  France.  In  1803  France  sold  the  same 
territory  to  the  United  States,  and  practically 
disa[)peared  from  the  list  of  contestants  for  the 
possession  of  the  empire  on  the  western  conti- 
nent. Spain,  however,  still  held  Florida,  but 
when  in  181U  the  United  States  purchased  that, 
she  also  disappeared  from  the  same  list,  the 
rights  and  claims  of  both  having  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  Unitetl  States, 

It  is  important  that  we  now  restate  the  fact 
that  the  old  Spanish  claim,  which  had  been  ac- 
corded some  international  authority,  extended 
on  the  Pacific  from  Panama  to  Prince  William 
sound,  and  this  entirely  iiovered,  not  only  the 
Oregon  of  to-day,  but  the  Oregon,  Washington, 
Idaho,  and  British  (.Columbia  of  to-day  nji  to 
54'40".  Presumptuous  as  it  was,  tbi.-  claim 
became  one  of  the  most  determining  elements 
in  tiie  final  settlement  of  wdiat  is  historically 
known  as  the  "Oregon  question."  '" 

The  claims  of  France  to  American  territory 
were  hardly  less  ambitions  and  rulentious  than 
those  of  Spain.  They  covered  more  than  the 
size  of  all  Europe.  The  treaty  of  Kyswick 
conceded  these  claims.  Hut  ihe  |)eace  of  Kys- 
wick was  brief.  War  soon  followed,  and  the 
titles  to  empire  were  written  again  by  the  |ioint 
of  the  sword. 

Though  the  parties  to  the  struggle  for  the 
jtossession  of  the  country  i(f  the  Pacific  North- 
west had  changed,  yet  the  struggle  went  on. 
Little  of  it  was  in  the  territory  in  question.  It 
was  in  the  plots  and  counterplots  of  Euro]>ean 
capitals:  in  Paris  and  London  .".nd  St.  Peters- 
burg. It  was  about  the  tables  of  diplomats. 
Within  sixteen  years  of  Kyswick  came  Utrecht, 
when    the  issues   of    war  between    France  and 


04 


HISTORY    OF    OREGOy. 


i 


ill 


England,  wajreil  cliietly  in  Xorth  Aniecica, 
brouglit  A  line  of  Eiiglaiiii  aiui  Louis  XIV  of 
P' ranee  face  to  face  in  tlio  person  of  tlioir  ein- 
Ijaseadors.  Tlie  aged  and  luunliied  Louis  XIV 
gave  up  to  (Tre:it  Hritaiu  the  possessions  of 
France  on  the  Atlantic  slope,  and  thus  yielded 
the  morale  of  position  to  the  S:i.\on.  Thus 
yreat  Uritain  became  reinstated  in  place  of 
Franco  over  tlie  Hudson's  Bay  basin.  Nova 
Scotia  and  Newfoundland.  I}\it  France  still 
held  the  Canadas,  though  they  were  sandwiched 
between  the  northern  and  southern  possessions 
of  Great  Britain.  The  grain  between  the  upper 
and  nether  millstones  could  remain  unbroken 
when  the  stones  were  whirring  as  easily  as  these 
French  provinces  could  remain  in  peace  in  such 
a  position.  In  the  struggles  that  followed  the 
execution  of  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  the  old 
world  and  in  the  new,  more  and  more  the  tide  of 
battle  turned  against  France,  in  favor  of  Eng- 
land. At  last  the  culmination  of  events  came. 
In  Montcalm  and  Wolf  the  hopes,  and  even  a 
large  measure  the  destinies  of  France  and 
England,  were  impersonated.  When  they  looked 
into  each  other's  faces  at  Quebec,  standing  at 
the  head  of  their  armies  on  that  great  Septem- 
ber morn  in  1759,  each  felt  that  was  the  morn 
of  duty — the  morn  of  destiny  for  themselves 
ana  for  their  country.  The  issue  of  that  day 
on  the  Plains  of  Abraham  gave  each  general 
to  immortal  fame,  but  it  gave  to  England  all 
the  territorial  treasures  of  P'ran^.e  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  except  three  small  islands  off  the 
coast  of  Xewfoundland.  Had  France  not 
already,  by  secret  treaty  with  Spain,  executed 
about  one  hundred  days  before  the  great  trans- 
fer to  Great  J>ritain,  alienated  her  J'acific  coast 
possessions,  Great  Britain  would  have  taken  all, 
and  thisw(,uld  so  have  changed  the  relatiotis  of 
things  that  the  atlas  of  the  world  would  have 
had  an  entirely  different  lining.  Either  the 
whole  must  have  gone  without  controversy  to 
t'.e  United  States  of  America  at  the  close  of  the 
Kevolution,  or  the  title  of  Great  Britain  would 
have  been  conceded  and  unquestionable  to  all 
tlic  territorv  between  CHliforninaiid  the  Russian 


possession.  Jn  either  event  the  story  of  the 
history  of  this  cua>t  would  have  been  (juito 
another  book. 

With  the  transfer  of  all  the  claims  of  France 
and  Spain  to  the  territory  on  tiie  I'acilic  coast 
to  the  United  States,  which  was  concluded  in 
1803,  it  would  8een\  tlmt  there  was  no  rightful 
contestant  with  the  United  States  for  any  por- 
tion of  that  territory;  certaiidy  not  as  far  north 
as  the  49th  degice  of  latitude.  None  had  ap- 
peared in  the  negotiations  through  which  this 
transfer  was  made.  The  state  of  the  cas(>  seems 
to  have  been  this:  In  the  treaty  of  Utrecht  in 
1713,  between  the  English  and  the  French,  the 
boundary  between  Louisiana  and  the  [British 
territory  north  of  it  was  ti.ved  by  commissioners, 
appointed  under  il  to  run  from  the  lake  of  the 
Woods  westward  on  latitude  forty-nine  indefi- 
nitely. When  France  conveyed  the  territory  of 
Louisiana,  whose  line  had  been  thus  fixed,  to 
Spain  in  17f>2,  she  also  conveyed  up  to  and 
along  this  same  line  westward,  iniietinitely,  on 
to  the  Pacific  cosst.  If  she  did  not  convey  to 
the  coast,  it  was  because  Spain  already  had  a 
more  ancient  claim  along  the  coast.  When 
Spain,  in  1800,  reconveyed  the  sa'no  to  France, 
it  was,  in  the  lanijuage  of  the  thinl  article  of  the 
treaty:  "  The  colony  or  provinces  of  Louisiana, 
with  the  same  extent  which  it  luw  has  in  the 
hands  of  Spain  anil  which  it  had  when  France 
possessed  it.''  As  Spain  had  not  alienated  any 
of  the  territory  she  had  received  from  France, 
of  course  she  rctroceiled  to  that  power  all  that 
she  had  receiveil  from  her.  When,  therefore, 
the  United  States  made  the  purchase  of  Louisi- 
ana she  purchased  clear  through  to  the  Pacific 
on  the  line  of  the  lUtli  parallel  if  that  was  a 
part  of  the  original  cession  of  France  to  Spain, 
or,  if  not,  as  Spain  had  never  cinled  it  to  another 
power  than  to  the  Spanish  possessions  on  the 
Pacific.  It  was  then  either  American  territory, 
inad(<  such  by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  in  180;}, 
or  it  was  still  Spanish  territory.  From  1800  to 
1819  Spain  maileno  changes  of  ownership,  sov- 
ereignty or  JMrisiliction  tduching  Oregon.  In 
the  "Florida  Treaty""  td'  1819,  Spain    ceded  to 


il 


I'^'^Troiii'i^^''''"'  '==='='= 


HISTORY    Oh'    OHFJIoy. 


66 


the  Ciiitcil  Stiitt'siill  lier  pu.sscusioiis  iiurtli  of  ii 
line  beginning  at  the  tnoutli  of  tlie  Sabine  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  running  variously  north 
and  west  until  it  reached  the  Paciiie  latitude 
t'orty-two,  or  the  Bonthero  boundary  of  Oregon. 
The  third  article  of  the  treaty  said :  "  His  Catho- 
lic Majesty  codes  to  the  I'nitcd  States  all  his 
rights,  claims  and  jjreteiisions  to  any  territory 
east  and  north  of  said  line,  and  for  himself,  his 
heirs  and  suecossors  renounces  all  claims  to  the 
said  territory  forever."'  Therefore,  by  the  pur- 
chase of  1803  from  France  and  by  the  purchase 
of  1819  from  Spain,  the  [Jnited  States  gained  all 
pretended  titles  to  sovereignty  on  the  I^icilic 
coast  l)etwoen  the  forty-second  and  the  forty- 
ninth  parallels  of  north  latitude;  the  exact  Pa- 
cific limits  of  the  earlier  Oregon.  England  at 
this  time  advanced  no  claim  to  sovereignty.  As 
late  as  1826  and  '27  her  plenipotentiaries  for- 
mally said:  "Great  Britain  claims  no  exclu- 
sive sovereignty  over  any  portion  of  that  territory, 
The  present  claim,  not  in  respect  to  any  part 
but  to  the  whole, is  limited  to  a  right  of  joint  oc- 
cupancy in  common  with  the  other  States  having 
the  right  of  exclusive  d oinitiion  in  abeyance.  " 
This,  with  the  history  already  recounted,  leaves 
the  title  of  the  United  States  to  Oregon  beyond 
any  question  of  power.  And  with  this  statement 
our  reader  will  he  willing  to  follow  us  through 
the  story  of  diplomatic  negotiations  b^jtween  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  inrejard  to  the 

o 

"Oregon  Question  "  as  well  as  the  actions  of  the 
National  Legislature  through  the  quarter  tlie 
century  during  which  Great  Britain  succeeding 
in  some  way,  in  so  beclouding  thy  title  of  the 
United  Stales  to  the  territory  in  question  and 
in  bewildering  our  diplomats  as  to  well  nigh 
secure  this  vast  Pacific  enijjire  to  the  crown. 
We  shall  make  this  story  r.s  brief  as  we  reason- 
ably can,  and  he  faithful  tothP  facts  of  history 
concerning  it.  The  di])l()niacy  was  tedious  and 
intricate,  and  the  action,  tentative  or  completed, 
of  the  American  Congress,  often  doubtful  and 
inconsequent;  yet  a  careful  rcsunioot'  both  is  a 
need  of  Oregon  history. 

Negotiations  by  tlie  United  States  with  Spain 


or  Fi'ancu  in  regard  to  Oregon  are  now  at  an 
end.  Henceforth  they  will  be  with  Great  Brit- 
ain. 

At  the  precise  moment  the  Unite<l  States 
was  negotiating  the  treaty  with  France,  in  Paris, 
for  the  acquisition  of  Louisiana,  her  commis- 
sioners were  also  negotiating  one  in  London 
for  the  definition  of  the  boundary  line  between 
the  possessions  of  the  two  tounLries  in  the 
Northwest.  The  negotir.tois  of  the  two  treaties 
were  ignorant  of  the  action  of  the  others.  When 
the  two  treaties  were  remitted  to  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States  for  ratification,  that  for  the 
purchase  of  Louisiana  from  France  was  ratified 
without  restriction.  That  defining  the  north- 
west boundary  was  ratified  with  the  exception 
of  the  fifth  article,  which  fixed  the  boundary 
between  the  lake  of  the  Woods  to  the  head  of 
the  Mississippi.  The  treaty  was  sent  back  to 
London,  the  article  expunged,  and  then  the 
British  Government  refused  to  ratify  it. 

In  the  year  1807,  another  effort  was  made  at 
negotiation  between  the  two  countries.  A 
treaty  was  agreed  upon  by  the  commissioners, 
fixing  the  line  of  the  forty-ninth  parallel  as  the 
boundary  between  the  toriKory  of  the  two 
countries  as  far  as  their  possessions  might  ex- 
tend, but  with  a  proviso  making  this  provision 
inapplicable  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains. 
This  treaty  was  never  ratified,  Mr.  Jefferson  re- 
jecting it  without  reference  to  the  Senate.    , 

In  thr  treaty  signed  at  Ghent,  in  1814.  the 
British  jjlenipotentiaries  offered  the  same  arti- 
cles in  relation  to  the  boundaries  in  question  as 
were  oft'ered  in  1808  and  1807,  but  nothing 
could  be  agreed  upon;  and  lience  no  provision 
on  the  subject  was  inserted  in  that  treaty. 

In  1818  negotiations  upon  this  su'iject  were 
renewed  in  London.  The  plenipotentiaries  of 
Great  Britian,  Mr.  Goulborne  and  Mr.  Robin- 
son, for  the  first  time  in  all  the  negotiations, 
gave  the  grounds  of  the  pretensions  of  (treat 
Britain  to  the  country  in  controversy.  They 
aMsorted  "  That  former  voyages,  and  principally 
that  of  Captain  Cook,  gave  to  Great  Britain 
the    rigiits  derived  from  discovery;  and  they  al- 


'  i  1 
I  I  i 


60 


i  1 


II 


nrsTORV  OF  oheqon, 


lulled  to  purclmses  from  tliu  natives  south  of  the 
Cohimbiii,  wliifh  thoy  alk';;i(l  to  have  heun  made 
prior  to  thf  Aiiiorican  liovoliitioii.  Thuy  made 
no  forn\al  proiweition  for  a  homulary,  but  inti- 
mated that  the  (^olnmbia  river  itself  was  the 
most  convenient  that  could  he  adupted,  and  de- 
clared that  they  would  not  agree  upon  any 
boundary  that  did  not  j;ive  Eiif^land  the  harbor 
at  the  mouth  of  that  river  in  common  with  tlie 
Uidted  States.  Messrs.  (iallatin  and  Unsh,  the 
Auiericiiii  p]tnii)otentiarie8  made  a  Tnoderate,  if 
not  a  timid,  reply  to  the  intimatiotis  of  Great 
Britain.  The  final  conclusions  reached  on  this 
sn!)ject  were  announced  in  these  words:  'That 
any  country  claimed  by  either  on  the  northwest 
coast  of  America,  toj^ether  with  its  harbors, 
bays,  and  creeks,  and  the  navigation  of  all  riv- 
ers within  th(!  same,  be  free  and  open,  for  the 
term  of  ten  years,  to  the  subjects,  citizens  and 
vessels  of  the  two  powers,  without  prejudice  to 
any  claim  which  either  party  miifht  have  to  any 
part  of  the  country."  This  was  the  celebrated 
".Joint  Occupancy"'  treaty. 

It  must  be  confessed  that  the  adoption  of  this 
article  of  "joint  occupancy"  gave  Great  Brit- 
aid  a  decided  advantage  in  the  Oregon  contro- 
versy. First,  it  conceded  that  she  had  some 
sort  of  a  claim  to  the  country,  a  claim  that 
stood  for  no  less,  even  if  it  stood  for  no  more, 
than  that  of  the  United  States.  Secondly,  she 
was  on  the  ground  in  much  greater  fcirce  in  her 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  her  Northwest  Com- 
pany, united  into  one  of  the  strongest  commer- 
cial corporations  in  the  world,  and  having  all 
the  elements  in  itself  of  political  proi)agandi8ni. 
With  her  advantages  in  trade,  her  strong  semi- 
political  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  Flud- 
son's  Bay  Company,  Messrs.  Gallatin  and  Uush 
should  have  known  that  she  would  be  at)le  to 
drive  all  American  enterprises  from  the  country 
before  the  ten  years  were  gone.  Great  Britain 
knew  this;  intended  to  do  so,  and  did  it.  One 
of  the  wonders  of  the  historian  is  that  such  a 
treaty  could  ever  have  been  approved  by  an 
American  jjresident,  or  ratified  by  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States, 


In  the  historyam!  results  of  this  negotiation, 
it  is  easy  to  detect  the  influence  of  the  ailvico 
of  Sir  Ale.vandor  Mackenzie — whose  journey 
across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific  north  of  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  we  have  already  recorded — 
over  the  minds  of  the  I'ritish  negotiators,  lie 
proposed  the  forty-fifth  jiarallel  of  latitude  as 
the  boii'idary  between  the  possessions  of  Great 
J'iitain  ami  the  United  States  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. His  words  were:  "  Let  the  line  begin 
wher>;  it  niay  on  the  Mississippi,  it  must  con- 
tinue west  until  it  terminates  in  the  Pacific 
ocean  to  the  si  nth  of  the  (^olumbia  river,''  It 
was  this  purpose  which  plairdy  dominated  tlie 
British  plenipotentiaries  in  tlie  propositions 
they  made  to  tlie  United  States. 

The  session  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  for  1>(2()-'21  was  made  remarkable,  es- 
pecially in  the  light  of  sul)sequent  events,  aa 
the  first  at  which  any  proposition  was  made  for 
the  occupation  and  settlement  of  the  country 
acquired  from  France  and  Spain  on  the  Colum- 
bia river.  It  was  made  by  John  Floyd,  a 
representative  from  Virginia,  an  ardent  and 
very  able  man,  and  strongly  imbued  with  west- 
ern feelings.  His  attention  was  specially  called 
to  the  subject  by  some  essays  of  Thomas  II. 
Benton,  just  then  appearing  in  the  field  of 
national  politics,  as  senatoi'-elect  from  Missouri, 
and  he  resolved  to  bring  the  matter  to  the  at- 
tention of  Congress,  He  moved  for  the  ap- 
pointmetit  of  a  committee  of  three  to  consider 
and  report  on  the  subject.  The  committee  was 
granted,  more  out  of  courtesy  to  an  intiiiential 
member  of  the  House  than  with  any  expectation 
of  favorable  results.  General  Floyd  was  made 
chairinan,  with  Thomas  Metcalf,  of  Kentucky, 
and  Thomas  V.  Swearingen,  of  Virginia,  asso- 
ciated with  him.  In  six  days  a  bill  was  re- 
ported, "To  authorize  the  occupation  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  and  to  regulate  trade  and  inter- 
course with  the  Indian  trilxis  thereon.  '  They 
accompinied  the  bill  with  an  elaborate  and  able 
report  in  support  of  the  measure.  The  bill  was 
treated  with  parliiimentary  courtesy,  read  twice, 
but  no  decisive  action  was  taken.     But  the  sub- 


IIISTOKY    OF    OliEOON. 


67 


Jeet  was  before  Congress  and  tlie  nation,  and 
that  was  much  gained. 

In  8tudyin<i;  the  reasons  assigned  at  that  time, 
hy  tiie  committee,  and  hy  sucii  men  as  Henton 
and  Linn,  why  the  proposed  action  should  be 
taken,  one  is  impressed  witli  the  clear  foresight 
of  tiudr  propiietic  minds  as  to  the  future  liistory 
of  this  great  Northwest.  To  the  great  part  of 
tlieir  conteinporaries  tlieir  views  were  wild 
vagaries  and  tlieir  propositions  e.xtravagant  and 
chimerical;  to  us  they  are  a  fulfilling  and  ful- 
filled history. 

The  Oregon  question  sluuibered  in  Congress 
until  182"),  when  Senator*  Benton  introduced  a 
bill  into  the  Senate  to  enable  the  President,  Mr. 
Monroe,  to  possess  and  retain  the  country.  The 
bill  proposed  an  appropriation  to  enable  the 
president  to  act  efficiently,  with  army  and  navy. 
In  the  discui-sion  of  this  bill  the  whole  question 
of  title  to  Oregon  came  up,  and,  in  reply  to  Mr. 
Dickiuaon,  of  New  York,  who  opposed  the  bill, 
Mr.  Henton  made  a  8])eech  which  entirely  met 
all  objections  against  the  proposed  action,  and 
thoroughly  answered  all  the  pretensions  of 
(jreat  liritain  in  relation  to  the  country.  The 
bill  did  not  pass,  but  fourteen  Senators  voted 
for  it,  namely:  Barbonr,  Benton,  Boligny,  Cobb, 
Haync,  Jackson  (the  general)  Johnson  of  Ken- 
tucky, Johnson  of  Louisiatia,  Lloyd  of  Massa- 
cluisetts.  Mills,  Noble,  Ruggles,  Talbot  and 
Thomas.  These  names  deserve  an  honorable 
record  on  the  pages  of  the  history  of  Oregoi\. 

The  action  of  Senator  Benton  on  the  bill 
showed  very  clearly  that  the  sentiment  in  favor 
of  asserting  the  rights  of  the  United  States  to 
Oregon  was  rai)idly  increasing.  The  ten  years 
of  joint  occupancy,  provided  for  in  the  treaty 
of  1818,  were  drawing  toward  a  close,  and  a 
strong  and  intelligent  part  of  our  national  leg- 
islators, under  the  lead  of  Senator  Benton,  was 
opposed  to  renewing  that  provision.  The  rea- 
sons on  which  these  views  were  based  were 
never  invalidated,  but  were  the  final  grounds  on 
wliich  the  United  States  won  her  case  and  se- 
cured Oregon.     They  were  these: 

The   title    to    Oregon   on    the    part   of    the 


United  States  rests  on  an  irrefrairivble  basis. 
P'irst;  The  discovery  of  the  Cohinibia  river  by 
Captain  (iray  in  1792.  Second:  The  j)urcliase 
of  its  territory  of  Louisiana,  which  included 
Oregon,  from  France  in  1803.  Thii-(1:  The 
discovery  of  the  Columbia  river  from  its  li(>a<l 
to  its  mouth  by  Lewis  and  Clarke  in  1806. 
Fourth:  The  settlement  of  Astoria  in  1811. 
Fifth:  The  treaty  with  Spain  in  1819.  Sixth: 
Contiguity  of  settlement  and  possession. 

The  next  step  in  the  negotiations  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  was  tlie 
proposition,  in  1828,  at  the  end  of  the  ten 
years  of  joint  occupancy,  to  renew  the  terms  of 
the  convention  for  an  indefinite  period,  dete**- 
minidile  on  one  year's  notice  from  either  party 
to  the  other.  Mr.  tlal latin  was  the  sole  nego- 
tiator of  this  renewed  treaty  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States,  and  his  work  was  sustained  by 
the  administration  then  in  power, — that  of 
John  Quincy  Adams.  The  treaty  met  strong 
oppositioti  in  the  Senate,  le<l  by  that  steadfast 
and  intelligent  friend  of  Oregon,  Thomas  II. 
Benton,  but  it  was  ratified;  and  thus  England 
was  indefinitely  continued  in  her  position  of 
advantage  over  the  Un.ted  States  in  the  terri- 
tory in  question. 

P'rom  1828  to  1842,  "joint  occupation"  was 
the  law  of  the  land  so  far  as  Oregon  was  con- 
cerned, while  "British  occupation''  was  the  fact 
so  far  as  Oregon  was  concerned.  As  we  have 
seen  elsewhere,  every  attempt  of  the  citizens  of 
the  United  States  to  establish  commercial  en- 
terprises in  the  valley  of  the  Columbia  had 
been  frustrated  and  defeated  by  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  the  potent  representatives  of 
British  interests  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Astor's 
great  plans,  conceived  in  a  broad  intelligence 
prosecuted  at  enormous  expense,  and  represent- 
ing American  interests  in  Oregon,  had  failed. 
Wyoth  had  sunk  a  fortune  between  the  Rocky 
mountains  and  the  Pacific,  and  all  other  Ameri- 
cans who  had  adventured  kindred  enterprises 
had  been  equally  unfortunate,  and  after  a 
quarter  of  a  century  of  "joint  occupancy"  En- 
gland had  almost  exclusive  possession  of  Oregon. 


! 


m 


lusTORY  OF  (mmaoN. 


'    f 


Wliut  is  known  aa  tlie  •'A8lit)iirtoii-Wct)ster 
Treat)'"  was  iiegotiati'tl  at  ^Va8llill<^toll,  in  184:3, 
said  ABhlmi'toii  being  tiie  sole  negotiator  on 
the  part  of  England,  and  Mr.  Webster,  tlien 
secretary  of  State  under  President  Tyler,  on 
the  part  of  the  United  States.  Said  Ashburton 
was  Mr.  Ale.xander  Haring,  iioad  of  the  great 
bankincr  house  of  Harini:  &  Brothers,  and  was 
a  very  astute  and  able  man,  and  a  Hnished 
diplomat.  Ilia  mission  was  special,  and  tiiough 
J[r.  Fox  was  then  the  resident  J'ritish  minister 
at  Washington,  so  thoroughly  did  the  Govern- 
ment trust  Lord  Asburton  that  even  Mr.  Fox 
was  not  joined  in  tlie  misBiou.  Neither  did 
the  |)resideut  associate  any  one  with  Mr.  Web- 
ster. The  English  plenipotentiary  came,  profess- 
edly, to  settle  all  questions  between  the  United 
States  and  England,  a  chief  one  of  which  was 
the  "Oregon  Question."  The  United  States 
wished  it  settled.  England  wished  it  adjourned; 
and  the  wishes  of  England  prevailed.  What 
conferences,  if  any,  were  held  between  Mr. 
Webster  and  Lord  Asburton  about  anything 
further  than  the  adjournment  of  this  question, 
does  not  appear  in  any  record,  and  about  the 
only  reference  to  it  made  of  record  is  the  state- 
ment of  the  president  that  there  were  some 
"informal  conferences"  in  relation  to  it,  and  in 
his  message  communicating  the  treaty  to  the 
Senate,  that  "there  is  no  probability  of  coining 
to  any  agreement  at  present." 

The  treaty  was  ratified  by  the  Senate  on  the 
2Gth  day  of  August,  1842.  After  its  ratifica- 
tion l>y  the  Queen  of  England,  and  its  proclama- 
tion as  the  supreme  law  of  the  land  on  the  10th 
day  of  November,  England  was  more  tirmly  in- 
trenched, so  far  as  law  was  concerned,  in  her 
claims  and  jiretensions  to  Oregon  than  ever  be- 
fore. l>ut  while  plenipotentiaries  temporized 
and  compromised,  and  executives  and  sc  ates 
moved  at  a  laggard  pace  on  such  great  questions, 
events  hastened.  The  people  took  up  the 
question  and  went  b'-fore  the  Government. 
What  they  determined,  the  Government  must 
soon  atlirm.  So  fully  did  the  question  which 
tiie  late  treaty  had  postpimed  ooc-ipy  the  public 


mind,  even  during  the  iietidency  of  the  negotia- 
tion of  that  treaty,  that,  had  the  ear  of  Mr. 
Webster  been  nearer  the  heart  of  the  people,  he 
would  surely  have  understood  that  adjournment 
of  the  question  by  himself  and  Lord  Ashburton 
meant  anything  rather  than  a  suppression,  x>r 
even  a  postponement,  of  it  from  public  debate. 
The  uews])aper8  took  it  up,  and  it  was  thus 
brought  to  the  boys  and  girls,  father*  and 
nUithera  on  the  hearthstones  of  the  million 
homes  of  the  country.  The  8ei..iment8  of  the 
leaders  of  political  action  in  our  Natioiuii  Legis- 
lature, as  those  aentiments  appeared  in  the  de- 
bates of  the  Senate  on  the  question  of  the  rat- 
ilicatiou  of  the  Webster- Ashburton  treaty  were 
criticised,  approved  or  condemned  by  the  people 
in  all  the  land.  One  sentiment  was  for  the  ratifi- 
cation, with  postponement  of  the  Oregon  ques- 
tion and  its  easy  forbearance  with  the  crafty  and 
insidious  policy  of  England;  the  other  was  for 
the  rejection  of  the  treaty,  a  withdrawal  of  the 
United  States  from  joint  occupancy,  and  an  act 
of  colonization  which  would  assume  the  full 
sovereignty  of  the  United  States  over  the  terri- 
tory in  question  by  granting  lands  to  emigrants, 
and  otherwise  encouraging  their  settlement  in 
Oregon,  Jiepresenting  die  first  class,  and  speak- 
ing forit,a8  well  as  for  Mr.  Webster  the  negotia- 
tor of  the  treaty,  was  Mr.  Ilnfus  Choate,  senator 
from  MassachusettB,  who  spoke  in  his  place  in 
the  Senate  as  followa:  "Oregon,  which  a  growing 
and  noiseless  current  of  agricultural  iirimigra- 
tiou  was  filling  with  hands  and  hearts  the 
fittest  to  defend  it — the  noiselesa,  innumerous 
movement  of  our  nation  westward.  *  *  We 
have  spread  to  the  Alleghaniea,  wo  have  topped 
them,  we  have  diffmscd  ouraelveB  over  the  im- 
perial valley  beyond;  we  have  crossed  the 
father  of  rivers;  the  granite  and  ponderous  gates 
of  the  Ilocky  mountains  liave  opened,  and  we 
stand  in  sight  of  the  great  sea.  *  *  Go  on 
with  your  negotiations  and  emigration.  Are 
not  the  rifles  and  the  wheat  growing  together, 
side  by  side?  Will  it  not  be  easy,  when  the  in- 
evitable hour  comos,  to  beat  back  ploughshares 
and   prnning-hooks  into  their    original    tbriiis 


UIBTORY    OF    OnMODN. 


69 


of  iiiMtriiiiientH  of  deatli?     Alas,  tliitt  tliat  trade 
is  80  easy  to  learn  and  bo  hard  to  forget!" 

This  was  heaiitifidly  said,  and  it  had  a  cer- 
tain amiahiiity  al)ont  it  that  commended  it  to 
the  favorable  tlioiight  of  many.  Still  it  was  far 
from  rejjresenting  the  views  of  those  wlio,  from 
the  beginning  of  the  diplomatic  strnggle  with 
(treat  ]5ritain,  had  been  the  steadfast  and  radi- 
cal advocates  of  the  right  of  the  United  States 
to  the  possession  of  Oregon.  Their  views  were 
better  expressed  by  Senator  Honton,  who  on 
the  "Oregon  (Colonization  Act"  closed  a  speech 
of  great  vigor  and  power  by  saying: 

"Time  is  invoked  as  the  agent  that  is  to  help 
us.  Gentlemen  object  to  the  present  time,  refer 
us  to  future  time,  and  beg  us  to  wait,  and  rely 
upon  TIME  and  neootiations  to  accomplish  all 
our  wishes.  Alas!  Time  and  Nesotiations  have 
been  fatal  agents  against  us  in  all  our  dis- 
cussions with  Great  Britain.  Time  has  been 
constantly  working  for  her  and  against  us.  She 
now  lias  the  exclusive  possession  of  the  Colum- 
bia, and  all  she  wants  is  time  to  ripen  her  pos- 
session into  a  title.  For  above  twenty  years 
*  *  the  present  time  for  vindicating  our 
rights  on  the  Columbia  has  been  constantly  ob- 
jected to,  and  we  were  bidden  to  wait.  Well, 
we  have  waited,  and  what  have  wo  got  by  it? 
Insult  and  defiance! — a  declaration  from  this 
British  mini.-itry  that  large  British  interests 
have  grown  up  on  the  Columbia  during  this 
time,  which  they  will  protect,  and  a  flat  refusal 
from  the  olive-branch  minister  [Lord  Ashbur- 


tonj  to  include  this  (piestion  among  tlxjse  which 
his  peaceful  mission  was  to  settle!  No,  sir; 
time  and  negotiations  have  been  bad  agents  for 
us  in  our  controversies  with  (treat  Britain. 
They  have  just  lost  us  the  military  frontiers  of 
Maine,  which  we  had  held  for  sixty  years,  and 
the  trading  frontier  of  the  Northwest,  which  we 
had  held  for  the  same  time.  Sixty  years'  pos- 
session and  eiijht  treaties  secured  these  ancient 
and  valuable  boiindarisB;  one  negotiation  and  a 
few  days  of  time  have  taken  them  from  us! 
And  so  it  may  be  again.  The  Webster  treaty 
of  184:2  has  obliterated  the  great  boundaries  of 
1783 — placed  the  British,  their  fur  company 
and  their  Indians  within  our  ancient  limits; 
and  I,  for  one,  want  no  more  treaties  from  the 
hand  which  is  always  seen  on  the  side  of  the 
British,  I  now  go  for  vindicating  our  rights 
on  the  Columbia,  and,  as  the  first  step  toward 
it,  passing  this  bill,  and  making  these  grants  of 
land,  which  will  soon  place  the  thirty  or  forty 
thousand  rifles  beyond  the  Rocky  mountains, 
which  will  be  our  effective  negotiators." 

The  bill  of  Mr.  Benton  passed  the  Senate  by 
a  vote  of  twenty-four  to  twenty-two.  It  went 
to  the  House,  where  it  remained  unacted  upon 
during  the  session.  Hut  its  moral  efiect  was  to 
assure  the  enterprising  people  of  the  West  that 
the  period  of  national  procrastination  and  timid- 
ity was  well-nigh  over,  and  that  it  would  be 
but  a  very  short  time  before  such  decisive  action 
would  bo  taken  as  would  compel  a  settlement 
of  the  controversy  with  England. 


11 


"-■'&it^"ie)iP"^»*    ' 


70 


niSTORY    or    UIIKOON. 


ll 


(^iiArTF:R  VIII. 

UIVAI,  CLAIMS  ANU  PHETEN8ION8,  CONTINUED. 
Pbe8ii)knti.\'    I'.i.kction  ok  1844 — Watch wokhs  ok  tiik  Campaion — Nkootiatidns  aoain     Why 

NOT  SkITLKI)  in  1844 — NkooTIATIoNS  IIKTWKKN  SkcKKTAKY  ntlCIIA.NAN  AND  Mu.  PacKKNIIAM  — 
AlTION   OK   CoNdUKSS        FoKTY-MNTII     l*AKAr.l,KI.     AdUICKn    ri'ON  —  An    A^NNOVINo      KkhiiK — TnK 

CoDKisH   Stoky — Dii.  Wmitmax   ani>    iiiK  TuKATY   <iK   1842 — \Vkiister'«  Statement  -  Con- 

TI.MIOIl    DlSAIHiKKMKNI'   AllOLT  TIIK    LiNK    Al.OMi    TIIK    StUAITS    OK       FuCA- — I)aN(1KK    OK     WaK 

TllK    I'acIKIO  FioNKKRS  take    up    TIIK    QlIKSTloN AcTIoN    OK    THE    OltEOON     IiK<ll.'<LATIIKE — SaN 

Juan  Island  Hei.h  in  tiik  Mii.itaky — Genehal  Scott  on  the  Field — Agreement  between 
Scorr  and  Doi'oi.as — Akihtkation  I'koI'osed — Dkci.inkd  iiy  the  United  States — Fmi'kkok 
William  Finally  Selkuikd  as  Akiuikr  in  1871 — llis  Dkcision. 


If! 

'V; 


ll 


fOl.LOWINd  iiniiiediatt'ly  in  tlie  tniin  ot" 
the  eveiitti  just,  reliiteil,  came  tlie  prt'si- 
deiitiiil  I'lectioii  of  1S44.  The  Oretfon 
(jiK'i-tion  was  too  availalile  a  ijui'stiun  for  tlie 
uses  of  a  political  cainpaij^n  to  be  kept  out  of 
the  preliminary  canvass.  liesides,  there  were 
too  many  Americans,  ami  they  were  too  intelli- 
ffent  ami  patriotic,  already  settled  in  the  valley 
of  the  Willamette,  whose  letters  to  their  friends 
at  home  and  to  the  pnhlic  through  the  periodi- 
cal jiress  extolled  the  heaiity  and  salulirity  of 
the  country,  not  to  thoroughly  awaken  the 
pnhlic  mind  on  tlie  entire  issue  involved. 
"  America  for  Americans,"  "The  Monroe  Doc- 
trine," "  Fifty-four  Forty  or  Fight,"  became 
the  catch- words,  it'  not  the  watchwords  of  the 
hour.  The  politicians  of  one  party  took  their 
cue  from  the  obvious  tendency  of  this  popular 
cry.  The  annexation  of  Texas  and  the  imme- 
diate occupation  of  Oregon  were  very  skillfully 
united  together  in  the  platform  of  the  conven- 
tion that  nominated  James  K.  Polk  for  presi- 
dent. On  the  Oregon  question  it  declared  that 
our  title  to  the  whole  of  Oregon  up  to  54°  40' 
north  latitude  was  "clear  and  indisputable," 
thus  denying  and  defying  the  pretensions  of 
Great  iBritain  to  any  territory  bordering  on  the 
Pacific.  The  nominee  of  the  Democratic  party 
for  jiresident,   Mr.  James  K.  Polk,  indorsed  the 


platform,  and  the  canvass  for  him  proceedeil  on 
that  issue.  Mr.  Polk  was  idected  over  Henry 
Clay,  who,  although  the  idol  of  his  party  and 
one  of  the  most  popular  of  Anierican  states- 
men, could  not  overcome  the  excited  state  of 
the  public  mind  on  these  questions.  Thus  the 
verdict  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  at 
the  election  was  unquestionably  in  favor  of 
Oregon,  even  up  to  54'  40'  north  latitude.  It 
WHS  well  known,  however,  that  the  leading 
statesmen  of  the  Democratic  party  believed  the 
forty-ninth  degree  to  be  the  line  of  our  rightful 
claim.  Mr.  Henton  had  already  demoiietrated  it 
on  the  tloor  of  the  Senate.  Mr.  ('alhoun,  as 
Democratic  secretary  of  State  for  Mr.  Tyler, 
at  the  very  moment  when  the  Democratic  con- 
vention was  making  its  platform  and  nomi- 
nating Mr.  Polk  upon  it,  was  engaged  in  a 
negotiation  with  the  British  minister  in  Wash- 
ington, and  offering  to  him  a  settlement  of  the 
entire  question  on  the  line  of  the  forty-ninth 
parallel.  Only  some  item  in  regard  to  the  right 
of  (ireat  Britain  to  navigate  the  (Columbia  river 
prevented  the  acceptance  of  this  proposition  by 
the  British  minister,  and  the  settlement  of  the 
whole  question  at  that  time. 

While,  doubtless,  Mr.  Calhoun  himself  would 
have  been  glad  to  have  concluded  the  Oregon 
question  as   secretary  of  State,  and  as  ho  evj. 


IIISTOUY    OF    (iHKOitN. 


71 


tlcntly  iiiijflit  Imve  done,  politipnlly  he  did  nnt 
dare  to  do  so.  The  imnexiil"  n  ot'Texiis  whh  « 
Soutliern  question,  and  tlie  8uitth  couhl  ho  car- 
rit'd  for  iMr.  I'ulk  on  tlmt  insne.  Oregonwaa  a 
Northei'ii  qneHtioii,  and  tlic  North  could  be  car- 
ried in  tlie  same  way  by  keeping  up  the  cry  of 
"  Kifty-four  Forty  or  Fight."  To  settle  on  49" 
would  be  to  vu'ld  the  (question,  and  with  it  the 
election  lo  tlie  VVhig«,  and  make  Mr.  Clay 
presideiil.  So  the  Orfiffon  (jncHtion  was  not 
settled,  as  it  niijjht  have  been  before  the  elec- 
tion of  184-1,  and  exactly  the  same  line  as  was 
adopted  two  years  later,  after  it  had  achieved 
the  political  results  for  which  it  was  kept  in 
the  air  during  the  political  canvass  of  1844, 
namely,  electing  Mr.  Poll  president,  and 
finally  defeating  the  aspirations  >if  Mr.  Olay  fir 
that  eminent  position. 

With  this  result  achieved,  and  on  thi-* 
ground,  this  ijiiestion  could  not  ;iluniber.  Mi. 
I'olk  brought  it  promptly  forward  in  his 
in:iii;;uriil  address,  reiitHrming  the  jiosition  of 
the  platform  on  which  he  was  elected.  The 
position  of  the  inaugural  threw  the  public 
mindof  (ireat  Britain  into  a  ferment,  and  the 
Engli>li  nation  thundered  back  the  cry  of  war. 
For  a  year  the  two  nations  stood  face  to  face 
like  gladiators,  with  uplifted  swords  waitiufj 
for  a  word  that  would  send  them  breast  to 
breast  in  the  fierce  grapple  of  war.  History 
must  recnrd  that  the  United  States  must  re- 
treat, in  her  diplomiicy  and  in  her  legislation, 
from  the  political  decision  of  her  people,  or  the 
inevitable  war  must  come.  It  was  an  embarrass- 
ing and  mortifying  position  for  the  new  Gov- 
ernment, but  it  had  to  be  endured  and  met  as 
best  it  could  bo. 

James  Buchanan  was  now  secretary  of  State. 
He  waited  for  some  time  for  a  proposition  from 
the  British  minister  at  Washington  to  renew 
the  negotiations  on  the  Oregon  question,  but 
none  came.  ( )n  the  22d  of  J  iily,  1845,  he  there- 
fore addressed  a  note  to  Mr.  Paekenham,  the  Brit- 
ish minister  at  Washington,  resuming  ne- 
gotiations wh(ire  Mr.  Calhoun  had  suspendeil 
them,  .iiid  again   proposed  the  line  of  forty-nine 


to  the  ocean.  This  the  l'>ritish  minister  re 
fused,  but  invited  a  "  fairer  "  proposition.  The 
knowledge  of  this  proposition  on  the  part  of 
the  secretary  of  State  raised  a  politic^al  storm 
in  his  party  before  which  the  administra- 
tion ooworiid,  and,  as  Mr.  Paekenham  had  not  ac- 
cepted it,  it  was  withdrawn.  The  president 
recoiM mended  strong  nic  iires  to  assert  and  se- 
cure our  title,  and  the  political  storm  was 
measurably  apjjeased.  Meantitne,  the  with- 
drawal of  the  proposition  of  .Mr.  Buchanan, 
coupled  with  the  recommendation  of  the  presi- 
dent, somewhat  alarmed  the  British  pe<iple,  and 
it  began  to  be  rumored  that  fc)nglanil  wouhl 
propose  the  line  she  had  before  rejected.  The 
position  of  the  dominant  party  absolutely  re- 
quired that  it  should  make  a  demonstration  ac- 
cording to  its  iterated  and  reiterated  promises 
to  the  ])eople.  Accordingly,  a  resolution  de- 
termining the  treaty  of  joint  occupancy,  aiul 
looking  to  the  maintenance  of  that  position, 
was  introduced  into  the  House  of  Ropresenta 
tives,  most  ably  debated  -John  Quincy  Ailams 
taking  strong  grounds  in  its  favor — and,  on  the 
9th  of  P'ebruary,  1846.  adopted,  by  the  de- 
cisive vote  of  163  to  54. 

The  resolution  thus  passed  in  the  House 
went  to  the  Senate.  Here,  in  the  form  in  which 
it  passed  the  House,  it  encountered  violent  op- 
position, a  strong  contingent  of  the  Democratic 
party  taking  position  against  it.  Among  these, 
if  not  their  leader,  was  Senator  Benton.  Gen- 
eral Cuss,  E.  \.  Hanuigan  and  William  Allen 
led  the  debate  in  its  favor.  Besides.  Benton, 
AVebster,  Crittenden  and  Berrien  made  exhaus- 
tive arguments  against  it.  It  was  well  under- 
stood in  the  Senate  that  President  Polk  thought 
it  necessary  to  recede  from  the  position  of  his 
party — the  position  on  which  he  had  fought  the 
campaign  in  which  lie  was  elected  to  the  presi- 
dency— and  accept  of  the  line  of  49^  wiihout  a 
"  fight."  So  the  resolution  of  the  House  was 
defeated  in  the  Senate.  But  the  Senate  adopted 
another  resolution,  authorizing  the  president 
"  at  his  discretion  ''  to  give  notice  to  Great 
Britain  for  the  termination  of  the  treaty.     The 


79 


insmitY  OF  iiiiKiiox. 


I 


Semite  reHuliitioii  wha  eonciliiiturvi  ilt*  |)i'L'aiiil>li 
decliirin;?  tlint  it  wns  ntily  to  sL-ciire  "ii  spcetly 
ami  imiiriiblc  ad jiistmeiit  ot'tlic  ditrfrcncex  ami 
(lis|mtes  in  regard  to  said  territorv." 

Whfii  this  ri'soliitioii  went  to  the  llonsc  tiiat 
liodv  rcoeded  from  its  former  |io8ition,  hikI, 
mIiIi  I'ViMi  a  jjreator  unaminity  than  iiad  fhar- 
acturi/.ed  their  action  on  that  which  tiie  Semite 
iiad  rejected,  aiiopted  it;  oidy  forty-six.  and 
tiiey  almost  entirely  Northern  Democrats,  vot- 
i'lfZ  afjainst  it. 

With  this  action  tlie  danj^er  of  tiie  war  with 
(ireat  iiritain  was  dispelled.  It  was  immedi- 
ately followed  hy  a  treaty  lietween  Mr.  Miich- 
anan.  secretary  of  State,  nnder  the  direction  ot 
the  president  and  l^ritish  minis-ter  at  Washing- 
ton, adopting  the  tbrty-niiith  parallel  as  the 
lioimdary  between  the  two  countries,  with  cer- 
tain concessions  touching  the  line  westward  of 
where  that  parallel  strikes  tlie  {;nlf  of  (Jeorgia. 
and,  for  a  definite  period,  the  rights  of  the 
Hudson's  Hay  Company  and  the  navigation  of 
the  (^olnmliia  river  by  the  British.  Thus 
closed  a  controversy  witii  Great  Hritain  that 
came  very  near  involving  the  two  nations  in  a 
conflict  of  arms.  In  a  war  England  could  have 
possessed,  and,  it  may  not  be  too  much  to  su])- 
pose,  would  have  possessed  Oregon,  but.  per- 
haps, at  the  cost  of  the  Canadas.  Had  the  set- 
tlement been  postponed  a  few  years  longer,  it 
is  not  improbable  that  American  emigrants 
would  have  so  filled  the  country  even  up  to  54' 
40'  and  all  the  country  would  have  been  one. 
In  the  discussion  botii  sides  were  partly  right 
and  partly  wrong,  as  history  clearly  demon- 
strates. The  "30,000  rifles"  theory  of  Senator 
Henton,  in  the  hands  of  emigrants,  was  correct. 
The  "time  and  patience"  theory  of  Mr.  Web- 
ster and  Mr.  Caliioiin  was  also  correct.  These 
acting  together,  solved  the  "Oregon  question," 
and  on  the  whole,  as  matters  stood  in  1840, 
solved  it  honorably  and  justly  to  both  the  high 
contracting  parties. 

It  is  probably  due  to  the  justice  of  history 
that  we  shoulil  not  dismiss  finally  the  subject 
of  the  rival   claims  and  claimants  to  Oregon. 


and  of  the  iliplomatic  negotiation-  through 
which,  those  claims  were  led  to  a  final  settle- 
ment, without  some  notice  of  a  curious  and  an- 
noying error  into  which  the  people  of  Oregon 
were  led  in  regard  to  what  was  contained  in  the 
Webster-Ashburton  treaty.  It  was  not  only 
annoying  to  the  leelings  of  the  people  of  Ore- 
gon, but  it  led  to  the  writing  of  a  great  deal  of 
fictitious  history,  the  writers  not  stopping  to 
ascertain  the  truth  or  falsity  of  the  rumors 
which  tlmy  ado|»ted  as  fact.  The  error  was 
this:  That,  in  the  negotiations  between  Mr. 
Webster  for  the  United  States  and  Lord  Ash- 
burton  for  Kngland  a  [troposition  was  discussed 
and  well  nigh  adopted  for  the  United  States  to 
cede  to  (treat  Hritain  her  claim  to  Oregon  for 
e.xtended  fishing  privileges  on  the  banks  of 
Newfoundland,  and  some  other  privileges  con- 
trolled by  the  English  on  the  northeast  coast. 
This  statement  was  brought  to  Oregon  by  the 
emigrants  of  lS-12  am)  raised  a  great  excite- 
ment ainmig  the  people.  It  was  widely 
claimed  that  it  was  this  that  prompted,  or 
rather  impelled  Dr.  Whitman  to  make  his 
perilous  winter  journey  to  the  Eastern  States 
in  order  that  the  Government  should  be 
prevented  from  making  that  fatal  trade.  Dram- 
atic incidents  have  been  recited  as  veritable 
history  connected  with  these  sui)posed  facts, 
which  hav((  had  no  being  but  in  the  excited 
imaginations  of  careless  writers,  or  the  partial 
and  overwrought  eulogies  of  admiration  and 
friendship. 

The  truth  of  the  matter  is  clea/ly  ascertained 
to  be  that  the  subject  of  the  Oregon  boundary 
formed  no  part  of  the  formal  negotiations  of 
that  occasion.  There  is  no  reference  to  it  in 
the  treaty,  or  in  the  documents  accompanying 
it  when  it  was  transmitted  t^o  the  Senate  for 
ratification. 

The  statement  so  often  made  that  Mr.  Web- 
stei  and  I'rejidcnt  Tyler  were  prevented  from 
comni'tting  this  Idunder  by  the  timely  arrival 
of  Dr.  V\'hitman  in  Washington,  just  before  the 
treaty  whs  to  be  signed,  has  not  a  shadow  of 
fonndatif  ii.      As    lief'ore  shown   the    treaty   wa 


'*-- 


MOUNT  HOOD. 


A   l.OGCilNG  CAMl' 


HiaTORY    OF  oRsaox. 


78 


fiigiied  AiiffUbt  y,  ISA'J,  two  moiitlis  before  Dr. 
Wliitiiiaii  startcii  from  his  lioine  in  Oregon.  On 
tlio  lull  't  \v(i8  .•'ubniitted  to  tlio  Seiiato.  On 
tlie  2(5tl;  '!  waa  approved,  and  Lord  Asldjiirton 
started  witli  it  the  same  day  for  England,  where 
it  was  ratitied,  returned  (o  the  United  States, 
and  proclaimed  on  the  lOtli  of  NovtMnl)er.  IJr. 
Whitman  arrived  in  Washington  in  March  fol- 
lowing. 

So  plain  a  statement  of  fact  renders  it  un- 
necessary to  balance  probabilities  or  weigh  ar- 
guments; the  factri  are  more  convincing  than 
either.  As  the  United  States  had  never  offered 
to  yield  any  territory  to  England  sonth  of  the 
4'Jth  parallel,  and  had  always  peremjitorily  re- 
jected any  offer  from  Great  Hritian  to  com- 
promise on  a  lower  line,  or  the  line  of  the  Co- 
liinibia  river,  so  now  Mr.  Webster  and  Mr. 
Tyler  conld  not  and  did  not  depart  from  the  oft- 
repeated  position  of  the  United  States  on  that 
question,  and  Mr.  Webster's  own  statement  that 
"  the  United  States  had  never  offered  any  line 
south  of  forty-nine,  and  it  never  will,"  conclude.* 
it. 

Although  the  Oregon  treaty  was  made,  and 
had  been  proclaimed  as  the  law  of  •^lie  land,  one 
thing  remained  to  be  done  which  became  a  mat- 
ter of  intiiiite  disagreement,  and  came  very  near 
involving  the  two  countries  in  war  before  its 
final  conclusion.  The  line  was  agreed  upon, 
but  it  was  not  run.  The  trouble  arose  from  a 
loni;-<'ontinued  permission,  on  the  part  of  (ireat 
Britian,  of  tlie  application  of  the  description  of 
the  line  from  wliere  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of 
latitude  strikes  the  gulf  of  Georgia.  Thence, 
as  it  was  wordud  in  the  treaty,  it  was  to  follow 
"  the  middle  of  the  channel  which  separates  the 
continent  from  V  ancx)uver\s  island,"  and  follow  it 
I'lrough  the  straits  of  Fuca  to  the  ocean.  No 
m.;p  6r  chart  was  attached  to  the  treaty  on 
which  the  line  could  be  traced;  so  little  was 
really  known  of  the  gfography  of  the  gulf  of 
(Tcorgia  that  it  would  have  been  difficult  for  the 
commissioners  to  have  traced  the  middle  of  the 
clmiinel  had  one  bei'U  present.  This  left  open  a 
ground    for   dispute   and     diplomatic    finance. 


between  the  continent  and  the  island  of  Van- 
couver lies  an  archipelago,  a  stretch  of  sea  lifty 
or  more  miles  from  east  to  west,  and  sixty  or 
more  from  north  to  south,  in  which  are  thirty- 
nitie  islands  that  have  come  uiulcr  description 
and  name.  These  ranges  from  sixteen  miles  to 
cue- fourth  of  a  mile  in  length  and  from  fifty- 
four  to  one-half  a  scpiare  mile  In  area.  Through 
these  islands  there  run  ten  cliannels  southward, 
but  combine  in  three  as  they  enter  into  the 
straits  of  l''u(!a.  The  one  to  the  eastward  is  the 
Kosario,  the  one  to  the  west  is  the  Canal  de 
Ilaro.  Great  Britian  insisted  on  the  line  tak- 
ing tlie  eastward,  or  Rosario  channel;  the  rniled 
States  claimed  that  the  real  channel  was  the 
Canal  de  Ilaro,  or  westward  channel.  What 
was  between  these  channels  was  the  real  object 
of  desire  on  the  jiart  of  both  the  contending 
parties.  This  was  an  area  of  about  400  square 
milep,  in  which  area  a  numl)Br  of  i)rominent 
islands,  and  some  small  ones,  all  comprising  in 
land  area  about  170  squaie  miles.  The  owner- 
ship and  sovereignty  of  these  were  what  was  in- 
volved in  the  settlement  of  the  channel  question. 
The  most  valuable  of  these  was  San  Juan,  con- 
taining fifty-five  square  miles,  mostly  good 
grazing  laud,  which  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
whose  center  of  trade  was  now  Victoria  on 
Vancouver  island,  had  been  accustomed  to  use 
as  a  pasture  for  their  sheep.  The  ditl'erence 
between  the  two  channels  was  about  this;  Ko- 
sario had  about  four  miles  wi<ltli  of  channel  and 
sixty  favhoms  of  water  in  its  greatest  depth, 
while  the  Canal  do  Ilaro  had  about  si.x  and  a 
half  miles  of  miiximum  width  of  channel,  au<l 
its  greatest  depth  in  183  fathoms. 

The  debate  over  this  question  was  hardly  less 
tedious  and  perplexing  than  that  which  ti.xod 
the  terms  of  the  line  at  tirst.  That  de  Ilaro 
was  the  channel  intended  as  the  line,  was  too 
plain  for  rational  dispute,  as  no  other  was 
known  at  the  time  the  treaty  was  iiogotiated. 
It  was  expressly  mentioned,  more  than  once,  at 
the  very  time  and  by  the  very  persons  that  con- 
ducted the  negotiations. 

When    the  CGitimissioners,  a()pointed  by  the 


^1 


'M 


m 


JIJsroHY     OF    OA'AV/O.V. 


|H 


two  govei'iiineiits  to  run  the  line  Hgroed  npon 
ill  tlii^  treaty,  met  to  iiccomplish  tiieir  task,  Ciip- 
tiiiii  I'revost,  for  the  Uritieli  (idvermiient,  de- 
ciiired  RoKjirio  to  lie  tlio  •' channel  "  of  that 
iiiHtniiiient.  Of  course  this  claim  was  met  by 
Mr.  (,'aiii|iliel!  on  the  part  of  the  irnitod  States 
with  rejuction.  Then  I^ord  KtiHsell  proposed  as 
a  conipromise  the  middle,  or  president's  chan- 
nel. Tliis  was  suifijested  because,  while  it 
yielded  a  little  in  area  of  water,  it  still  retained 
Kan. I  nan  island  on  tiie  liritish  side  of  tiie  line. 
l.,ord  Itiissell  instructed  Lord  Lyons,  the  British 
envoy  to  the  United  States,  that  no  line  would 
be  airreed  upon  that  did  not  leave  that  island  on 
the  British  side  of  it.  Mr.  Lewis  Cass,  our 
secretary  of  Stare,  met  thifi  menace — for  such 
it  really  was — with  words  equally  decisive. 
This  ended  the  effort  to  fix  the  line  geographi- 
cidly  through  this  archipelago.  Then  the  I'a- 
citic  pioneers  again  took  it  up.  Twelve  years  iiad 
passed  since  the  treaty,  and  ministers  of  State 
had  invited  ditliculties  and  postponed  decisions. 
These  pioneers  were  as  clear  of  head  as  tliey 
were  resolute  of  heart.  They  knew  how  to  set- 
tle it;  and  they  tried  their  knowledge  on. 

if  the  line  was  not  determined  they  had  as 
good  a  right  on  San  Juan  island  as  had  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company.  They  would  go  there. 
Twenty-tive  Americans  and  "heir  families  were 
there, — for  when  was  there  ever  a  pioneer  man 
so  bold  and  brave  that  he  could  not  find  a 
woman  as  bold  and  brave  as  lie,  to  accompany 
him,  and  brace  his  armor  to  his  breast?  The 
arrogant  Hudson's  Bay  people  were  all  about 
them.  Collisions  were  imminent.  Of  this 
condition  Sir  Robert  J'eel  declared  in  the  Brit- 
ish i'arliament  it  "  must  probably  involve  both 
countries  in  an  appeal  to  arins  unless  speedily 
terminated." 

The  Oregon  Territorial  leijislatnre,  in  the 
session  of  1852 -"53,  included  San  Juan  and  all 
the  islands  in  the  archipelago  in  a  county.  Soon 
after  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  took  formal  pos- 
session of  the  island  Oregon  levied  ta.xes  on  the 
property  of  the  company,  and  when  payment  was 
refused,  the  sheritl'  sold   sheep  enough   to    pay 


them.  This  was  the  ready  method  of  the  pio- 
neer;  ojien  the  conflict  on  the  ground  for  which 
the  battle  is  to  be  fought.  Of  coiirse  recrimi- 
nations and  reprisals  followed.  This  was  ex- 
pected. The  local  excitement  increased,  (ien- 
eral  Harney,  comniandei' of  the  l)epartmeiit  of 
Oregon,  in  ISoit,  landed  4(51  troops  on  the  is- 
land, and  iiistructeil  Captain  Pickett — lie  of  tic 
charge  of  Gettysburg — to  protect  Americans 
there,  English  naval  forces,  to  the  number  of 
five  ships  of  war,  conveyiii"'  107  guns  and  1,940 
men  gathered  near  tiie  litt  e  island.  The 
Americans  threatened  to  resis:  by  for-  .jv  nt- 
tempted  landing  of  English  roops.  Tin;  Kig- 
lish  commander  proposed  against  military  oc- 
cupation of  San  Juan,  bit  to  this  Captain 
Pickett  res[ionded:  "  I,  being  here  under  orders 
from  my  government,  cannot  allow  any  joint 
occupation  until  so  ordered  by  my  commanding 
general,  in  this  he  had  the  approval  of  his 
commander.  But  (leneral  Harney  had  acted 
without  instructions  from  Washington,  and  the 
president  withheld  his  official  apjM'oval  of  the 
act  of  taking  possession  of  the  island  in  this 
manner,  and  expressed  the  hope  that  (General 
Harney  had  done  so  for  the  protection  of  Ameri- 
can citizens  and  interest  alone,  and  with  no 
reference  to  territorial  acquisitions.  Still  it  was 
obvious  that  the  Government  at  Washington 
was  not  unwilling  that  an  issue  should  be  forced, 
so  that  the  question  would  be  settled.  Certainly 
the  pioneers  of  the  Northwest  approved  it. 

In  the  emergency  General  Scott  was  sent  to 
the  field  of  action,  arriving  late  in  185t).  On 
his  way  he  called  at  Portland,  and  conferred 
with  leading  citizens  and  Territorial  officers. 
The  writer  remembers  him  well  as  he  appeared 
as  he  walked  the  deck  of  the  Massachusetts,  as 
she  lay  at  the  Portland  wharf,  on  his  way  to  the 
north.  He  had  iiiet  him  once  before,  on  the 
hill  at  the  head  of  "  Lundy's  Lane,"  but  six 
years  before.  General  Scott  went  out  under 
Pacific  instructions,  directed  to  bring  atiout 
"joint  occupation"  of  San  Juan  until  the 
boundary  line  was  settled.  General  Harney 
was    withdrawn   from    command  in  the  North- 


iiisrouy   (IF  ouKciiN. 


west.  It  was  ugrecil  lietween  Gi'iicral  Scott 
and  (lovernor  I)(>iif^la>  of  Vmu'oiivur,  tlmt  100 
armed  nioii  of  oacli  party  slioiild  occupy  tlu-  is- 
land; and  tini.s  a;;aiii  tlie  case  was  rcinandcd  to 
diplomacy.  I?iit  the  act  of  (iencrai  Harney 
had  forced  a  speedy  ailjustnietit. 

The  next  resort  was  a  proposal  on  the  part  of 
Great  Itritain  to  sulimit  the  question  at  igtsiie 
hetweeii  the  two  yovertnents  to  arbitration,  and 
he  mimed  the  king  of  the  Netherlands,  or  of 
Sweden  and  Norway  or  the  president  of  the 
Federal  Council  of  Switzerland,  as  the  arldter. 
This  propt/sition  was  declined  hy  the  I'nitcd 
States,  and  for  ten  years  tiie  question  linj^ered. 
At  length,  on  the  8tii  of  May,  1871,  the  ques- 
tion was  given  for  final  arbitration,  without  ap- 
peal to  Emperor  William  of  Germany. 

For  twenty-five  years,  nnder  the  finesse  of 
J'ritish  diplomacy,  the  treaty  of  June  15,  1846, 
had  waited  for  its  execution.  Its  interpretation 
wae  the  last  question  of  territorial  right  between 
Great  Hritain  and  the  United  States.  It  was 
eminently  fitting  that  George  Bancroft,  who  was 
secretary  of  the  navy  when  the  treaty  was  ne- 
gotiated, and  was  now  the  only  remaining  mem- 
ber of  the  administration  that  negotiated  it, 
should  he  choeen  to  expound  the  treaty  to  the 
OJerman  Emperor  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States.  His  memorial  of  120  octavo  pages  is 
one  of    the  most  finished  and  unanswerable  di- 


plomatic arguments  ever  produced.  Each  party 
pre.-ented  a  inemorial  setting  forth  its  case. 
These  memoriids  were  then  interchanged  and  re- 
plies were  presented  from  each.  Tlle^efour  papers 
the  Emperor  had  before  three  eminent  jurists, 
besides  giving  them  his  personal  attention. 
After  a  full  and  faithful  examination  of  the 
submitted  case  the  Emperor  decreed  this 
awar<l ; 

'•  Must  in  accordance  with  the  true  interpre 
tations  of  the  treaty  concluded  on  the  loth  of 
June,  1850,  between  the  Government  of  her 
Britannic  Majesty  and  of  the  United  States  of 
America  is  the  claitii  of  the  (Jovornment  of  the 
United  Slates,  that  the  boundary  line  between 
the  territories  of  her  Britannic  Majesty  and  the 
United  States  shoidd  be  drawn  through  the 
Ilaro  channel.  Authenticated  by  our  auto- 
graph signature,  and  the  impression  of  the  Im- 
perial Great  Seal.  Given  at  Berlin  October 
the  21st,  1872."  Thus  the  end  of  the  long  con- 
troversy came. 

For  over  ninety-two  years,  the  two  great 
English-speaking  nations  of  the  world  had 
been  trying  to  decide  upon  a  line  that 
should  decide  lietween  them  from  sea  to  sea, 
and  at  Berlin,  and  by  the  Emperor  William, 
the  last  and  definite  word  was  spoken,  and  the 
controversy  was  ended. 


^^■%(il"!e)lr*^' 


m 


78 


nr/iJ'ORV    OF    OREGOX. 


1 


CIlAl'TER  IX. 


FIIIST  AMEUICAN  SETTI.KMENT. 


AsTiilJIA  —  ClIAKAl  TKK     UK    IvAUr.V    TifAliK — .JollN    JacOH    AsTOK— JkKFEKSOn's    LeTTKU  TO  AstOR 

Tin;   I'aciik^  Fuk  (Jompanv — Its  Membkks — Tiik  Siiir  Tonquin — Arrival  at   the  Coldm- 

llIA — OVKIM.ANII  CoMI'ANV — WllXIN  PkK  K  IIuNT — IJp  THE  MisSOURI — OvEK  TIIE  MOUNTAINS — ■ 

Wrecked  on  Snake  River— In  Snake  Riveu  Dexeri' — Ai'pallino  Obstacles — Company 
Reach  Astoria — The  Shu-  Tonquin  Again — Landing  at  Astoria — Toncjuin  Sails  North 
— Ti{ADiN(i  "NVriMi  iiiE  Natives — Destruction  ok  the  Tonqi'in — Irvinci's  Account — Alexan- 
der McKay — Akkairs  at  Astoria — The  Nokthwestern  Company  and  McDouoai Arri- 
val OF  Siiii'  Heaver — Mackenzie  and  the  Nothwestern  Company — Gatherino  ok  the 
I'art.n'ers  at  Astoria — Bkiiish  War  Ship  Expected — Expedition  for  the  Relief  ok  As- 
toria AllANDONEI) NeoOITATIONS    WITH      NoRTHWESTEKN     CoMPANY— AsTORI  A     SlRRKNDERED 

TO  THAT    Company— -Arrival  ok   A[r.  Hunt — Astoria    Returned  to  the    United    States 

AKTKR   THE  Cl.OSE  OK     THE     WaR. 


M 


iT  will  be  hard  to  put  into  a  brief  chapter  a  liis- 
tory  that  the  genius  of  an  Irving  has  woven 
,  into  a  volume  tliat  has  l)ecoine  a  classic  of 
romance  and  adventure:  but  the  integrity  of 
our  purpose  demands  that  the  trial  be  made. 
Other  chapters  of  this  book  have  related  the 
events  that  led  up  to  the  inaj^niticent  enterprise 
of  John  Jacob  Astor  in  his  attempt  .0  found  a 
colony  and  establish  u  great  coninieree  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  hence  it  is  not  needful  even  to 
recapitulate.  It  may,  however,  be  ]noper  to 
etate,  in  an  introductory  paragrapii,  that  the 
trade  of  the  Pacific  coast,  including  that  on  the 
Columbia  river,  durinji;  the  first  decade  of  the 
present  century,  was  largely  of  a  fugitive  char- 
acter, or  in  other  words,  was  the  commerce  of 
individual  adventure  rather  tlian  of  <jrijanized 
companies  recognized  by  national  law  and  sus- 
tained by  national  authority.  The  individuals  that 
conducteil  it,  might,  and  indeed  often  did,  repre- 
sent wealthy  and  long-established  houses  in  cities 
on  the  other  side  of  the  world,  but  their  field  of 
operations  were  so  distant  and  their  trade  was 
encompassed  l>y  so  many  contingencies  incident 
to  the  character  of  the  people  with  wiiom  they 
dealt,  that  they  might  well  be  considered  '•ad- 
venturers,"    France,  hiivinjj  tiansferred  all  lier 


interests  of  territory  and  trade  to  the  United 
States,  was  out  of  the  line  of  competition,  either 
for  place  or  profit,  England,  with  her  usual 
greed,  gasped  eagerly  at  both.  The  United 
States  had  legitimately  inherited  the  loftier 
part  of  English  ambition  for  greatness  and  gain, 
and  of  course  she  claimed,  as  of  right,  freedom 
for  trade  and  the  occupancy  of  her  citizens  in  all 
the  westward  regions  to  the  sea.  Her  technical 
claim  was,  as  we  have  seen  elsewhere,  founded 
on  the  discovery  of  the  Columbia  river  by  (!ap- 
tain  Gray  in  1793,  on  the  explorations  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke,  continued  from  the  springs  in  the 
mountains  to  the  discharge  between  the  capes 
into  the  ocean  of  the  mighty  Columbia  in  1805, 
and  by  later  purchase,  from  the  Government  of 
France,  in  1804, of  all  her  rights  of  territory.and 
every  other  right  she  hold,  of  the  vast  Louisiana 
country,  stretching  from  the  Missouri  to  the 
Pacific.  Engianil's  technical  rights  wore  based 
on  allege<l  discoveries  by  Ciiptain  Sir  Francis 
Drake.  Captain  Cook.  Captain  Vancouver,  aiul 
the  explorations  of  Alexander  Mackenzie.  Thus, 
in  tlie  assertion  of  these  technical  claims  to 
Oregon,  and  in'  the  effort  of  each  to  validate 
tiiese  claims  as  ag.iinst  tiie  otiier,  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain  stood  face  to    face  in 


Ik 


MTi-Ii'iiiritMtl 


insroHy  or  ojie<>on. 


tlie  opoiiiiij;  of  tlie  long  and  final  strii^jj^le  that 
wonid  fill-ever  (leterinine  wlietlit-r  ()i'Ci;iMi  slionld 
je  Ainerieiin  or  l>riti.sli  -tlie  stniui'lo  for  act ii ill 
possession,  during  the  first  decade  of  the  cen- 
tury. 

The  influence  of  Mr.  Jefferson,  as  our  readers 
know,  was  then  potent  in  American  afl'airs,  and 
he  earnestly  sougiit  American  Bn])reinacy  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  John  .Jacob  Astor  was  then  a  cen- 
tral fiifure  in  American  commercial  enterprises, 
and  had  alreaily  extended  his  ventures  beyond 
the  fi;reat  lalcos  and  the  headwaters  of  the  Mis- 
sissisippi.  His  attention  was  attracted  to  the 
vast  region  westwanl  of  the  Rocky  mountains, 
and  he  resolved  to  carry  into  thein  tlio  commer- 
cial force  of  an  organized  com j)any  to  supplant  the 
fngit've  trade  of  tl^o  independent  rivers  of  the 
wilde  Miess  aixf  tiiesoa.  Witli  the  prescience  of 
a  statesman,  as  well  as  with  the  gt^nius  of  tiie 
merchant,  he  resolved  to  establish  a  great  cen- 
tral post  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  where 
the  drainage  of  almost  half  a  continent  meets 
the  waters  of  the  mightiest  ocean  of  the  globe, 
and  forms  a  port  for  the  world's  greatest  flow  of 
trade.  Mr.  -JefTerson  and  the  most  intelligent 
and  far-seeing  statesman  of  the  country  gave 
liini  encouragement  and  counsel.  They  foresaw, 
Rsin  the  vision  of  a  clear  prophecy,  what  we 
read  now  as  a  marvekms  history.  Later,  Mr. 
Jefferson,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Astor,  thus  ex- 
pressed his  own  views,  of  the  enterprise  the 
latter  had  undertaken,  in  (hese  words: 

"  I  considered  it,  as  a  great  public  acquisition, 
the  commencement  of  a  sertlement  in  that  part 
of  the  western  coast  of  America,  and  looked  for 
ward  with  gratification  to  the  time  when  its  de- 
scendants had  spread  themselves  through  the 
whole  length  of  the  coast,  covering  it  with  free 
and  independent  Americans,  unconnected  with 
ns  but  by  the  ties  of  blood  and  interest,  and 
enjoying  like  us  the  rights  of  self-governmont," 

Tho  pen  is  moved  to  draiv  the  contrast  between 
this  fowcast  of  this  great  American  statesman 
ami  the  fulfilments  of  history,  but  must  forbear. 
In  these  intlnunces  and  under  such  inspirations 
wiw  the  inception  of  Astoria. 


\'v.  .Vstor"-  plan  for  liic  (irgmiizul  ion  nl  the 
vstoria  ("ompiiny  -or,  as  it  was  called,  the  i'a- 
cilic  l'"ur  Company  -was  broad  and  comprelieii- 
sivo.  It  contemplated  both  a  luiid  expedilinti 
to  cross  the  continent,  and  llu'  dis|iateb  of  a 
vessel  around  cape  Horn,  and  the  two  were  to 
meet  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia.  Every  con- 
tingency that  money  could  provide  for  was  an- 
ticipated. There  was,  however,  an  element  of 
weakness  introduced  in  tin'  organization  that, 
from  an  (!arly  date,  seriously  interfered  with  its 
work,  and  we  tliiuk  linally  proved  its  overthrow. 
It  was  this; 

Though  this  was  an  .\merican  enttM'prise  Mr. 
Astor  did  not  sutHcieiitly  apprecial<;  the  neces- 
sity of  making  the  personnel  of  his  company 
American.  lie  himself  was  a  (ierman  by  birth, 
and  though  he  had  achieved  his  great  commei'- 
cial  success  under  the  fostering  freedom  ot 
American  institutions,  and  was  perseniilly  an 
American  in  the  purpose  and  spirit  of  his  life, 
hardly  realized  that  all  of  foreign  birth  who  are 
in  Amcri(;a  are  n<it  of  America.  Hence,  in  se- 
lecting his  partners,  though  he  chose  men  of 
great  experience  and  ability  in  the  kind  of  trade 
upon  which  he  was  adventuring,  he  selected  for 
leading  partnerships  several  who  had  belonged 
to  the  Northwest  Company,  which  was  always 
distinctively  British  in  purpose  as  well  as  in 
relation.  While  for  trade  alone  they  were  ade- 
quaiii  to  any  patriotic  American  purposes  they 
were  alien  in  thought  and  sympathy.  They 
were  in  the  company  ot  Mr.  Astor  for  pi'oHt, 
not  American  patriotism.  These  '>ion  were 
Alexander  McKay,  who  had  accompunied  Mac- 
kenzie on  both  his  j^reat  journeys,  Diincnn 
McDougal,  David  Stuart,  Jlobert  Stuart  and 
Donald  McKenzie.  As  a  providence  against 
future  difficulties  between  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain,  in  the  regions  whither  they  were 
bound,  these  gentlemen  ])rovided  themselves 
with  proofs  of  their  British  citizenship,  while 
while  they  trusted  to  their  association  with  an 
American  enterprise  to  shelter  them  under  tho 
eagle's  wings  Only  one  American,  Wilson 
Price  Hunt,  of   New   Jersey,  was  an  interested 


lA 


IlIsrOUY    OF    OIlKdON. 


liiirtiii'r  fniiii  tin;  lirst;  Idit  ti  liiui  wii.s  iiilru.-tLtl 
tlio  iiiaiiaifeiiuMit  of  till'  enterprise.  So  t'tir  tliese 
details  ul'  tlie  iiri,'iinizuti(iii  are  necessary  if  we 
would  iiniierstan<l  tiie  caiisus  tliat  prodiieeiJ  ru- 
Bultfi  to  wliieli  we  siiaii   presently  I'onie. 

In  earryinj;  forward  his  plans  Mr.  Astor  pur- 
chased and  ecjuippeil  the  ship  Toii'iuiii,  com- 
inanded  liy  Captain  .louatliau  Thorn,  ii  lieuten- 
ant of  tile  .Vnu'rican  navy  on  i'nrlotiijh.  She 
mounted  ten  f^uns,  had  a  crew  of  twenty  men, 
and  was  freighted  with  a  lari^e  cargo  of  supplies 
for  the  company  and  of  merchandise  for  trade 
with  the  people  of  the  coast.  She  carried  also 
the  frame  of  a  small  schooner  for  use  in  the 
coastwise  trade.  As  passengers  she  had  Jlelvay, 
McI)ougal,  tlu!  two  Stuarts,  twelve  clerks, 
several  citizens  and  thirteen  Canadian  voya- 
gours.  The  Tor.iniin  sailed  from  Now  York 
for  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river,  ou  the  2d 
day  of  August,  1810.  Nothing  in  her  vciyage 
is  to  bo  specially  noted,  except  it  may  he  some 
conilict  of  authority  between  Captain  Thorn,  a 
thorough  American,  and  the  Scotch  Mc'e  and 
Stuarts  on  board,  whom  he  persisted  in  treating 
as  mere  passengers,  while  they  claimed  the  con- 
sideration of  owners  and  employers.  In  this 
there  was  a  slight  omen  if  the  trouble  that  was 
to  follow. 

The  Tonquin  arrived  otf  the  bar  of  the  Co- 
lumbia on  the  -^'^d  day  of  March,  1811,  Tlie 
bar  was  rough  and  the  breakei's  rolled  high. 
Captain  Thorn  ordered  Mr.  Fox,  the  first  mate 
of  the  ship,  to  take  a  boat's  crew  of  one  seaman 
and  three  Canadian  voyagours  and  explore  the 
channel.  The  boat  was  launched  and  put  forth, 
but  soon  disappeared  and  all  on  board  were  lost. 
The  next  day  another  boat  was  sent  out  on  the 
same  errand,  but  was  swept  out  to  sea  and  only 
one  of  its  crow  reached  the  shore.  Just  as  the 
second  night  of  gloom  was  settling  down  on  the 
dreaded  bar  the  Tonquin  succeeded  in  crossing, 
and  anchoring  just  within.  But  the  night  was 
an  anxious  and  fearful  ou".  The  wind  threatened 
every  moment  to  sweep  the  vessel  on  the  sands 
among  the  rolling  breakers.  Hut  the  night 
passed   with   the  anchors  of  the  ship  still  safely 


holding,  and  in  the  morning  she  passed  safely 
in  and  again  cast  her  anchors  in  a  good  harbor. 
With  the  Tonquin  safely  moored  in  the  Colum- 
bia river,  we  turn  to  trace  the  course  of  that  part 
of  the  great  ex|)edition  that  had  directed  its 
course  over  the  lloijky  mountains  for  the  same 
point. 

This  party  was  entrusted  to  Wilson  I'rice 
Hunt.  It  was  composed  of  McKen^iic,  and 
thr(«  new  partners  in  the  conijiany, —  ilumsay 
Crooks,  Robert  McClellan  and  Joseph  Miller. 
Besides  were  .Fohn  Day,  a  noted  Kentucky  hun- 
ter; rit-rro  Dorion,  a  French  half-breed,  who 
was  taken  as  interpreter;  and  enough  trappers 
and  vcyageurs  to  make  up  a  complement  of  sixty 
men.  They  left  the  frontier  settlements  west 
of  the  Missouri  in  the  spring  of  1811,  and  pur- 
sued the  usual  course  of  travel  up  the  Missouri 
river  in  canoes  and  barges  to  the  Mandan  coun- 
try, thence  with  horses  across  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains to  the  waters  that  tlow  toward  the  Pacific. 
To  accomplish  this  required  all  the  summer  and 
part  of  the  autumn,  and  the  ])arty  reached  Fort 
Henry,  on  Snake  river,  on  the  8th  of  October, 
1811.  After  detaching  some  small  parties  of 
hunters  and  trappers,  who  were  to  use  Fort 
Henry  as  their  base  of  supplies,  the  main  part, 
under  Mr.  Hunt,  embarked  in  canoes,  which 
they  had  constructed  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
and  continued  their  journey  down  that  treac.h- 
erous  and  turbulent  stream.  Without  much 
trouble,  and  cheered  by  the  wild  notes  of  their 
Canadian  boatmen's  song,  they  swept  swiftly 
down  the  river  between  the  willowed  banks  that 
channel  its  tlow,  for  a  few  days,  when  these 
frail  canoes  were  suddenly  swept  into  the  roar- 
ing rapids  of  what  is  now  known  as  "  American 
falls,"  and  their  voyaging  came  to  a  quick  and 
disastrous  eiul.  dust  below  them  the  river 
dropped  into  a  great,  black  chasm,  through 
which  it  roared  and  foamed  for  many  miles, 
making  leap  after  leap  over  the  e<lgo  of  basaltic 
precipices  into  the  deeper  depths  that  seemed 
evei'  opening  below.  In  this  one  moment  the 
expedition  seemed  to  be  hopelessly  defeated, 
and  all  sat  (lown  for   the   time   gloomy  and  dis 


msTOHY  OF  on  Knox 


71) 


piiitt'il.  OiiL' (if  tlieir  best  iikmi  hail  ln'Oii  lost 
in  tlic  roiu'inif  i'ii|)i(ls,  ami  soino  of  tlicir  oaiioes 
liuiii;  hmki'ii  wi'ccks  ii|K)ii  till'  rocks  in  tlio  iiiiJsi 
of  the  falls,  lint  with  such  men  in  such  enter- 
prises, ilesprtir  soon  i^ives  place  to  new  resolu- 
tion, ami  so  Mr.  limit  was  soon  rallying  his 
men  for  new  and  more  desperate  effort. 

They  were  now  in  a  most  inhospita!)le  coun- 
try; a  dreary  desert  without  tree  or  fruit  or 
game,  and  winter  was  settling  rapidly  down 
upon  them.  Nothinif  retrained  for  them  hut 
to  cache  their  baifgage  and  mccliandise,  and 
Beparating  into  smaller  parties,  the  better  to 
obtain  food  in  their  joiiriu^yings,  each  make  the 
best  of  its  way  toward  tlu^  coast  on  foot.  How 
far  they  wore  from  the  goal  of  their  journey 
they  did  not  know.  It  was  a  dark  and  desperate 
venture  that  they  looked  in  the  fai'C,  but  it  were 
better  than  to  lie  (juiet,  where  they  were,  for 
that  were  sure  and  speedy  death  by  starvation. 
One  party  under  McKen,5ie  struck  ofi'  toward 
the  north,  hoping  to  reach  the  Columbia,  which 
they  bcilieved  must  lay  in  that  direction;  one 
under  Crooks  pursued  its  way  down  the  south 
bank  of  Snake  river,  and  one  mider  Hunt  down 
its  northern  shore.  The  company  of  Mclvenzie 
disa|)[K^areil  under  the  dim  horizon  of  the  great 
and  terrible  desert  to  the  north  and  west  of  the 
dread  "(Cauldron  lyinn,"  as  the  shipwrecked 
party  called  the  place  where  their  canoe  voyage 
Bo  fatally  ended.  The  mountain  ranges  crowded 
them  to  the  west  of  their  intended  course,  but 
put  them  on  the  are  of  a  circle  described  by 
Snake  river,  and  thus  brought  them  to  that 
stream  again  about  250  miles  from  their  start- 
ing ])oint.  The  other  parties,  by  following  the 
stream,  described  the  oircks  and  hence  Mo- 
Kenzie's  party  came  out  ahead,  and  after  reach- 
ing the  river  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Blue  mount- 
ains, followed  it  down  until  they  readied  the 
Columbia.  The  parties  of  Hunt  and  Crooks 
toiled  wearily  down  over  the  Beamtul  and  cinere- 
ous lava  plains  that  border  8nake  river,  in  a 
great  vent  of  which  the  river  itself  flows  a  thou- 
sand feet  below  the  general  surface  of  the  plains, 
famishing    for    watei-   and    almost  starving  for 


food.  The  most  of  the  way  only  this  imp.issa- 
blc  gorge  was  between  them.  Soiuetinies  they 
were  in  sight  of  each  other,  and  when  lln^y 
reached  the  point  where  the  rJM'r  enters  its 
iron  gorge  through  the  Blue  mountains  they 
uiu;am]UMl  with  only  its  turbulent  current  be- 
tween them,  licith  parties  were  in  a  starving 
condition,  but  that  of  Mr.  Hunt  had  that  day 
captured  a  horse  that  belonged  to  a  small  camp 
of  Indians,  wdio  fled  at  thoir  approach,  and  had 
killed  and  was  cooking  it  for  supper.  After  a 
canoe  had  been  eonstructeil  out  of  skins,  S(une 
of  the  meat  was  taken  across  to  the  other  party. 
On  its  second  voyage  a  man,  rendcrerl  dtdirious 
by  famiiu!,  upset  t'l?  canoe,  was  swept  away  and 
drowned.  This  was  on  the  ".iOth  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1811.  On  the  23d  day  Mr.  Hunt's  party 
crossed  to  the  west  side  of  the  river,  ami  th(> 
two  parties,  numbering  thirty-six  men  in  all, 
'were  again  united,  not  far  from  where  the  Union 
I'acitic  railroad  now  crosses  Smike  river,  near 
the  town  of  Huntington.  Appalled  by  the  ap- 
parently insuperable  obstacles  before  them,  three 
of  the  men  wished  to  remain  whore  Ihey  were 
rather  then  venture  the  snowy  passes  of  tlu! 
mountain  ranges  that  stood  like  liatlhunents  of 
ice  before  them.  The  remainder  struggleil 
wearily  on,  reaching  the  valley  of  Grande  Uonde 
on  the  last  day  of  1811.  In  a  forlorn  way  the 
company  celebrated  the  festival  of  the  new  year 
in  the  beautiful  valley  of  Grande  Konde — a 
paradise  of  green  in  the  midst  of  a  wilderness 
desert  of  ice  and  snow.  With  great  dilKculty 
and  suffering  the  Blue  mountains  were  passed, 
and  on  the  8th  day  of  January  they  came  down 
U])on  the  rmatilla  river,  and  found  food  and 
hospitable  entertainment  at  an  Inilian  village 
on  its  banks.  The  mountain  barriers  wei'e  now 
passed,  and  their  route  was  now  down  the  o|)en 
way  of  the  Umatilla  and  Columbia  rivers  to  the 
ocean.  They  arrived  at  Astoria  on  the  loth  day 
of  February,  1812,  The  party  of  Mclvenzie 
having  gained  some  ilays  on  those  of  Hunt  an(i 
Crooks  by  its  shorter  route  and  easier  travelling, 
had  passed  ilouii  the  Snake  river  to  the  tJolum- 
bia,  and  down    tliat   to  the  ocean ;  and.  having 


iiisiiiin    Oh'  titiKdvS. 


I 


Mi5 

Hi 


n^iK'lhMl  Antniiii  11  month  licfoiH^  tliosc  ot  II nut 
Hr-  1  Crookr*,  ^tdoil  nii  tin-  Imiiks  ot'  (lie  river  as 
tliu  latter  hiiiili'il.  llif  lirst  to  welcoinc!  tlicir  olil 
poiii[iimi(ni.-i  til  tin;  rcf^t  iiml   iHiiinty   of  Astoria. 

Wlit'ii  svf  lii'^aii  to  traci;  tiii'  joiirnc}'  of  tlie 
iaml  poitioii  ol'  Mr.  Aslor's  f/reat  expedition,  wo 
kl't  tiie  i.'o<ii|  siiip  '|\iri(jiiin  at  aiiclior  in  tile  bay 
at  tlie  rnoiilli  'li'  the  ( 'oliiiiiliia.  It  is  snitaUlo 
tliat  \\■^'  rt'tiiiii  now  and  tal<e  \\\)  lier  tiirilling 
Htory: 

Karl\  in  .\|iril.  ISll,  the  partners,  wlio  had 
I'liine  out  in  llie  'i'oM(|niii,  liegan  tin;  erection  of 
a  fort  on  tlic  Bonth  side  of  tlie  river.  Lieu- 
tenant r«roii}^lit(in,  of  Van<',onvei''s  e.\pe(lition, 
s.ich  tliu  usual  iiritisii  partiality  to  royal  recoin- 
inendati.in,  had  i^^iven  it  the  name  of  "Point 
tieorjje,"  hut  this  party,  ostensibly  representiiii^f 
the  American  spirit  and  ptirjjose,  called  it 
".Astoria,"  in  honm-  of  the  founder  and  chief 
pi'onioter  (d'  tlie  enterprise.  This  was  the  lirst 
r(id  step  in  the  actual  possession  of  Orej^on  by 
the  Aincrican  people.  Thouo;li  there  was  much 
disajj;reeinent  among  the  partners  of  the  com- 
pany in  regard  to  points  of  authority  and  eti- 
quette, as  well  as  between  them  and  Captain 
Thorn,  by  the  first  of  June  a  storehouse  was 
built  and  the  supplies  landed.  Captain  Thorn 
was  iiii|)atient  to  proceed  up  the  nortliW(^st  coast 
to  open  comuiunication  with  the  Russian  settle- 
ments and  engage  in  trade  with  the  Indians,  and 
accordiimly,  as  soon  as  his  vessel  was  cleared  of 
her  load,  on  the  uth  day  of  June,  even  before 
the  fort  was  completed,  he  got  under  way,  sailed 
out  of  the  month  of  the  rivei',  and  turned  the 
prow  of  the  Tonquin  to  the  north.  With  him 
was  Mr.  .McKay,  one  of  Mr.  Astor's  partners, 
jirobably  the  most  considerate  and  thoughtful  of 
all  tlio,,e  thus  intimately  and  prominently  as- 
sociated with  Mr.  Aster  in  this  great  venture. 
The  vessel  ])roceedcd  on  her  voyage,  and  in  a 
few  days  came  to  anchor  in  one  of  the  numerous 
harbors  on  the  west  shore  of  Vancouver  island. 
Mr.  McKay  went  on  shore.  During  his  absence 
the  vessel  was  surrounded  by  a  vast  number  of 
the  savages.  Soon  the  deck  of  the  vessel  was 
covered  by  the  swarthy  multitude.     They  were 


eager  to  trade,  but  demanded  a  higher  jirice  for 
their  furs  than  Captain  Thorn  was  willing  to 
pay.  Tiieir  stubbornness  ])rovoked  the  irascible 
ca])tain  to  augi-r.  and  he  refused  to  deal  with 
them  at  all.  Seizing  the  (-hief  of  the  band  who 
had  been  tbllowing  the  captain  about  the  deck 
and  taunting  him  with  his  stinginess,  he  lubbed 
an  otter  skin  in  his  face,  and  somewhat  then 
violently  ordered  the  whole  band  to  leave  the 
vessel,  (Miforcing  his  command  by  blows.  Dur- 
ing this  uiisadventnre  Mr.  McKay  was  on  shore 
— an  ill-starred  fact  for  the  vessel  and  exptidi- 
tii^n.  What  followed  is  related  with  such  cir- 
cninstantial  fidelity  by  .Mr.  Irving  in  his  "  As- 
toria," and  it  bears  such  an  iinportatit,  if  not 
decisive,  relation  t(j  the  ultimate  result  of  the 
whole  enterprise,  that  we  transcribe  it  for  these 
pages.      Mr.  Irving  says: 

"When  Mr.  McKay  came  on  board,  the  inter- 
])reter  related  what  had  jiassed,  and  bogged  him 
to  prevail  on  the  captain  to  make  sail,  as,  from 
his  knowledge  of  the  temper  and  pride  of  the 
people  of  that  place,  he  was  sure  that  they 
would  resent  the  indignity  ofTered  to  one  of 
their  chiefs.  Mr.  McKay,  who  himself  possessed 
some  experience  of  Indian  character,  went  to  the 
captain,  who  was  still  pacing  the  deck  in  moody 
humor,  represented  the  danger  to  which  his 
hasty  act  had  exposed  the  vessel,  and  urged 
upon  him  to  weigh  anchor.  The  captain  made 
light  of  his  counsels,  and  pointed  to  his  cannon 
and  firearms  as  a  sutticient  protection  against 
naked  savages.  Further  remonstrances  only  pro- 
voked taunting  replies  and  sharp  altercations. 
The  day  passed  away  without  any  signs  of  hos- 
tility, and  at  night  the  captain  retired,  as  usual, 
to  his  cabin,  taking  no  more  than  usual  jirecau- 
lions.  (blithe  following  morning,  at  daybreak, 
while  the  captain  and  Mr.  McKay  wore  yet 
asleep,  a  anoe  came  along  side  in  which  were 
twenty  Indians,  commanded  by  young  Shewish. 
They  were  unarmed,  their  aspect  and  demeanor 
friendly,  and  they  held  up  otter  skins,  and  made 
signs  indicative  of  a  desire  to  trade.  The  cau- 
tion of  Mr.  Astor,  in  regard  to  admitting  Indians 
on  board  the  ship,  had  been  neglected  for  some 


'V,,,^v, 


iiisToii)    or  (i/iKd'iy. 


SI 


time  past,  mid  tlie  otHwr  of  tlio  watcli,  porceiv- 

iiig  tliuM!  ill  tlie  (Niiiue  to  lie  witlimit  \vcii|ioMrt, 
ami  iiaviiiii;  ivceivcMJ  no  onkins  to  tii«  c(jMtniry, 
reiiiiily  pui'iiiitteii  tlioiii  to  mount  tiie  liect;.  An- 
otlior  uttiioe  800II  siieceuded,  tliu  crew  of  wiiicli 
wuri  also  admitted.  In  a  littlo  while  other  canoes 
caine  olf,  and  Indians  were  soon  damherinj^  into 
the  vessel  on  all  sides. 

The  ofHcer  of  the  watcii  now  felt  alarmed,  and 
called  to  (!aptain  'I'liorn  and  Mr.  McKay.  J^y 
the  time  they  came  on  deck  it  was  thronged 
with  Indians.  The  interpreter  remarked  to 
Mr,  Molvay  that  many  of  the  Indians  wore  sliort 
mantles  of  skins,  and  intimated  a  suspicion  that 
they  were  secretly  armed.  Mr.  McKay  urged 
the  captain  to  clear  the  siiip  and  ^et  under 
weigh.  He  again  made  lii^ht  of  the  advice,  hut 
the  augmented  swarms  of  canoes  alioiit  the  ship, 
and  tlie  numher.s  still  i)uttingoif  from  the  shore, 
at  length  awakened  his  distrust,  and  he  ordered 
some  of  the  crew  to  weigh  anchor,  while  some 
were  sent  aloft  'o  make  sail.  The  Indiana  now 
offered  to  trade  with  the  captain  on  his  own 
terms,  prompted  ap[)arently  by  the  approaching 
departure  of  the  ship:  accordingly  a  hurried 
trade  was  commenced.  The  main  article  sought 
hy  the  Indians  in  barter  were  knives;  as  fast  as 
some  are  supplied  they  moved  off,  and  others 
.su;'.o(«ded.  Hy  degrees  they  were  thus  dis- 
tributed about  the  deck,  and  all  with  weapons. 
The  anchor  was  now  nearly  up,  the  sails  were 
loose,  and  the  eaptain  in  a  loud  and  peremptory 
voice  ordered  the  ship  to  be  cleared.  In  an  in- 
stant a  signal  yell  was  given;  it  was  echoed  on 
every  side,  knives  and  war  clubs  were  brand- 
ished in  every  direction,  and  the  savages  rushed 
upon  their  marked  victims. 

The  tirst  that  fell  was  Mr.  Lewis,  the  .ship's 
clerk.  He  was  leaning  with  folded  arms  on  a 
bale  of  blankets,  engaged  in  bargaining,  when 
he  received  a  deadly  stab  in  the  back,  and  fell 
down  the  coinpai. Ion-way.  Mr.  McKay,  who 
was  seated  on  the  taffrail,  sprang  to  his  feet, 
but  was  instantly  knocked  down  with  a  war 
club  and  flung  backward  into  the  sea,  when  he 
was  dispatched    by  the  women  in  the  canoes. 


In  the  meantime  (^ipi.iin  Tln'in  imuh'  a  despi'r- 
ate  light  against  fi'iirfni  (nM>.  lie  \v:is  a  |iow- 
ert'iil  as  well  as  a  resolute  man,  luil  In^  cime  on 
deck  withiiut  weapons.  Sliewish,  the  young 
chief,  singled  him  out  as  his  peculiar  piey,  and 
rushed  u|)on  him  at  the  Hrst  outbreak.  The 
captain  had  hardly  time  to  draw  a  clasp-knife, 
with  one  blow  of  which  he  laid  the  young  sav- 
age dead  at  his  feet.  Several  of  the  stoutest 
followers  of  young  Shewish  now  set  upon  him. 
He  defended  himself  vigorously,  dealing  crip- 
pling blows  right  and  left,  strewing  the(|uarter- 
<leck  with  slain  and  wounded.  1 1  is  object  was 
to  tight  his  way  to  the  cabin,  where  there  were 
lirearins,  but  he  was  hemmed  in  with  foes,  cov- 
ered with  wounds  and  faint  with  loss  of  blood. 
For  an  instant  ln^  leaned  u|)ou  the  tiller  wlnu^l, 
when  a  blow  from  behind  with  a  war  club  felled 
him  to  the  deck,  when  ho  was  dispatched  with 
knives  and  thrown  ()verbt)ard. 

While  this  was  transacting  upon  the  quarter- 
deck, a  chance  medley  was  going  on  throughout 
the  ship.  The  crew  fought  desperately  with 
knives,  handspikes,  and  whatever  weapons  they 
could  seize  upon  in  the  moment  of  surprise. 
They  were  soon,  however,  overpowered  by  num- 
bers an<l  mercilessly  butchered.  As  to  the  seven 
who  had  been  sent  aloft  to  make  sail,  they  con- 
templated with  horror  the  carnage  that  was 
going  on  below.  Ueiiig  destitute  of  weapons 
they  let  themselves  down  by  the  running  rig- 
ging, in  hopes  of  getting  between  ducks.  One 
fell  in  the  attempt  and  was  ininiediatelv  <!!«- 
patched;  another  received  a  death-blow  in  the 
back  as  he  was  descending;  a  third,  Stephen 
Weeks,  the  armorer,  was  mortally  wounded  as 
he  was  getting  down  the  hatchway.  The  re- 
mainins;  few  made  trood  their  retreat  into  the 
cabin,  where  they  found  Mr.  Lewis  still  alive, 
though  mortally  wounded.  Barricading  the 
cabin  door,  they  broke  holes  through  the  cdm- 
panion-way,  and,  with  muskets  and  ammunition 
which  were  at  hand,  opened  a  brisk  fire  that 
soon  cleared  the  deck.  Thus  far  the  Indian 
interpreter,  from  whom  these  particulars  are 
derived,  bad  been  an  eye-witness  of  the  deadly 


H'J 


IllHfOltY    Oh'   oiiKnox. 


i 


(UDillict.  ill;  liad  tiikcii  im  jiMit  in  it  uiiil  lia<l 
lietiii  ttjiiircM]  h^  till!  iiiitivi's  i\6  huirig  ol  tliuir  nice. 
Ill  tliu  coiiriihioii  ill"  tlie  inoini'iit  lie  took  rut'iigo 
witli  tile  I'l'nt  ill  tliu  ciiiioes.  Till'  survivors  of 
tliu  eviMit  MOW  siillioil  forth  and  (li8('lmr<^t'il  eoinu 
of  fill'  iluck  gnus,  wliiidi  (lid  ^M'cat  oxccution 
iiiuouj^  till)  raiiDi's  and  drove  ail  the  savages  to 
the  shore. 

I'or  the  rciiiaiiKlur  of  the  day  no  one  veuturiHl 
to  put  olT  to  the  ship,  deterred  l>y  the  eifcets  of 
the  iirearins.  The  night  oassod  away  withont 
any  further  atteui|)t  ou  the  part  of  the  natives. 
When  day  dawned  the  Tonquin  still  lay  at  an- 
chor in  the  hay.  her  sails  all  loose  and  Happiiii^ 
ill  the  wind,  and  no  one  a]i[iarently  on  board  of 
her.  After  a  time,  some  of  the  savages  ven- 
tured to  reconnoitre,  taking  with  them  the  in- 
terpreter. They  luKklled  about  her,  keeping 
cautiously  at  a  distance,  hut  growing  more  and 
more  emboldened  at  seeing  her  (juiet  and  life- 
less. One  man  at  length  made  his  apjiearanco 
on  the  deck  and  was  recognized  by  the  inter- 
pifter  as  Nfr.  Lewis,  lie  made  friendly  signs 
and  invited  them  on  board.  It  was  long  before 
they  ventured  to  coin])ly.  Those  who  mounted 
the  deck  were  met  with  no  opposition,  for  Mr. 
],ewis,  after  iiniting  them,  had  diaajipeared. 
( )tlier  canoes  now  passed  forward  to  board  the 
prize;  the  decks  were  soon  crowded  and  the  sides 
coveicd  with  clambering  savages,  iill  intent  on 
]ilnniler.  In  the  midst  of  their  eagerness  and  ex- 
ultation, the  .ship  blew  up  with  a  tremendous 
explosion.  Arms,  legs  and  mutilated  bodies 
were  blown  into  the  air,  and  dreadful  havoc 
was  made  in  the  surrounding  canoes.  The  iii- 
teriiivter  was  in  the  main  chains  at  the  time 
of  the  exjilosion,  ami  was  thrown  unhurt  into  the 
water,  when  he  succeeded  in  getting  into  one  of 
the  canues.  According  to  his  statement  the  bay 
]pr('senled  an  awful  spectacle  after  the  catastrophe. 
The  shiphaildisapjieared,  but  the  hay  was  covered 
with  fi'iignients  of  the  wreck,  with  shattered  ca- 
noes and  Indians  swimming  for  their  lives  and 
struggling  in  the  agonies  of  death,  while  those 
who  had  escaped  the  danger  remained  aghast  and 
etupetied,  or  made   with    frantic   panic    for  the 


shore.  I'pwaril  of  a  hundred  savages  were 
destroyed  by  the  explosion,  many  more  were 
shockingly  mutilated,  anil  for  days  afterward 
the  limbs  and  bodies  of  the  slain  were  thrown 
upon  the  hcach. 

The  inhabitants  of  JS'cwectec  wi<re  over- 
wlielmed  with  consternation  at  the  astounding 
calamity  which  had  burst  upon  them  at  the 
very  moment  of  triumph.  The  warriors  sat 
mute  and  mournful,  while  the  women  lilled 
the  air  with  loud  lamentations.  Their  weep- 
ing and  wailing,  however,  were  suddenly 
changed  into  yells  of  fury  at  the  sight  of  four 
unfortunate  white  men  brought  captive  into 
the  village.  They  had  been  driven  ashore  in 
one  of  the  ship's  boats,  and  taken  at  soino  dis- 
tance along  the  coast.  The  interpreter  was  jjcr- 
mitted  to  converse  with  them.  They  proved 
to  be  the  four  brave  fellows  who  had  made  such 
a  desjierate  defense  from  the  cabin.  •  The  in- 
terpreter gathered  from  them  some  of  the  par- 
ticulars .uready  related.  They  told  him  further, 
that,  after  they  had  beaten  off  the  enemy  and 
cleared  the  ship,  Lewis  advibcd  that  they  should 
slip  the  cable  and  endeavor  to  go  to  sea.  They 
declined  to  take  his  advice,  alleging  that  the 
wind  set  too  strongly  into  the  iiay  and  would 
drive  them  on  shore.  They  resolved,  as  soon  as 
it  was  dark,  to  put  off  quietly  in  the  ship's 
boat,  which  they  would  he  able  to  do  iinper- 
ceived,  and  to  coast  along  back  to  Astoria. 
They  put  their  resolutions  into  effect,  but  Lewis 
refused  to  acconi|)any  them,  being  disabled  by 
his  wound,  hopeless  of  escape,  and  determined  on 
a  terrible  revenge.  On  the  voyage  he  had  fre- 
quently expressed  a  presentiment  that  he  should 
die  by  his  own  hands,  thinking  it  highly  prob- 
able that  he  should  be  engaged  in  some  con- 
test with  the  natives,  and  being  resolveil  in 
case  of  extremity  to  commit  suicide  rather  than 
be  made  a  prisoner.  He  now  declared  his  in- 
tention to  remain  on  the  ship  until  daylight,  to 
decoy  us  many  of  the  savages  on  board  the  ship 
as  possible,  then  set  (ire  to  the  jiowder  maga- 
zine and  terminate  his  life  by  a  simple  act  of 
venurpance.      How  well  he    succeeded  has   been 


insToiir  'IF  (iiiFiuts. 


m 


i 


sliown.  Mis  i'(iiii|iaiiii>Ms  \\m\v  liiiii  \\.  iiicliiii 
('.holy  itilitMi  iiiui  set  olf  on  tlieir  |)ri'c'ui'i(iUH  ex- 
pedition. Tliey  Htrovn  with  inif{lit  iiiiil  iiiniii 
to  get  out  uf  tlic  Itay,  l)ut  rouiiil  it  iinpoHriililu 
to  woatiicr  a  point  of  land,  and  were  at  lengtli 
eoinpi'lled  to  tnk(^  siielter  in  a  small  cove,  where 
they  hoped  to  remain  concealed  nnti!  the  wind 
shotilil  III!  moi'e  favtirahle.  Kxhaiisted  hy  fa- 
tigneand  waftrhinjx.  they  fell  into  a  sound  sleep, 
and  in  that  state  were  surprised  hy  the  savaffes. 
liutter  had  it  hecn  for  these  unfortunate  men 
if  they  had  remained  with  Lewis  and  shared  his 
lieroic  death;  as  it  was  they  pi>rished  in  a  more 
painl'iil  and  protracted  manner,  hcinif  sacrificed 
l)y  the  natives  to  tiie  manes  of  their  friends, 
with  all  the  lingering  tortures  of  savage  cruelty. 
Some  time  after  their  death,  the  interpreter, 
wiio  liad  remained  a  kind  of  prisoner-at-large. 
effected  his  escape  and  hronglit  the  tragical  tid- 
ings to  Astoria. 

Thus  ended  tlie  career  of  tlie  Tonquin  and 
her  able  hut  obstinate  and  liot-headod  Captain 
Thorn,  and  here  too  closed  the  career  of  Alex- 
ander ^[cKay,  a  man  to  whom  ^^r.  Aster  luid 
just'.y  looked  as  one  most  able  to  direct  the 
vast  interests  that  he  had  committed  to  this 
commercial  venture  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Mr. 
Mclvay,  however,  left  a  representative  in  Ore- 
gon in  the  person  of  his  son,  who  became  cele- 
brated in  the  annals  of  adventure  on  the  trails 
of  the  fur  trader  and  in  the  campaigns  of  tlie 
Indian  wars  of  Oregon.  At  a  later  period  his 
descendants,  in  the  persons  of  Dr.  W.  C.  Mc 
Kay,  of  Pendleton,  Oregon,  and  Donald  Mc- 
Kay, the  celebrated  scout  in  al'  the  Indian  wars 
of  forty  years,  have  won  for  his  name  continued 
distinction,  and  been  of  great  service  to  the  re- 
gion in  the  interests  of  whose  foundations  their 
forefathers  died. 

Affairs  at  Astoria  were,  meantime,  progress- 
ing slowly  toward  a  settled  condition.  The 
fort  was  completed,  and  everything  put  in  readi- 
ness for  the  large  tracJe  which  was  reasonably 
anticipated  witli  the  surroundincr  tribes.  Dur- 
ing the  suinnu'r  only   one    event   occurred    to 


I'ullle  till'  smooth  li  'W  <ir   tlic  >oiiK'wli;it  iiinnol 
onous  life  of  the  p,i>t.      It  was  this: 

On  the  15th  of  Jidy  a  canoe,  nninned  by 
nine  white  men,  was  seen  deseen<lii;<»  the  river, 
aiul  in  a  short  time  they  lanih-il  on  the  beach. 
They  proved  to  be  a  party  sent  by  the  power 
fnl  Northwest  Company,  a  llritish  corjioration. 
conunandeil  by  David  Thomiison,  a  |)artuer  in 
the  company,  lie  had  been  dis|iat(du'd  from 
Montreal  the  year  before  to  anticipate  the  ar- 
rival of  the  Astor  party,  and  take  possession  of 
the  montii  of  the  Columbia  before  that  party 
should  arrive.  His  journey  had  been  greatly 
hindered,  many  of  his  men  had  deserted,  and 
now  with  the  few  who  rcnuiined  faithful,  lie 
had  arrived  too  late  for  the  purpose  Cor  which 
he  had  made  the  long  and  perilous  jouriujy. 
The  flight  of  the  eagle  had  been  too  ra})id  for 
the  crawl  of  the  lion,  and  America  had  first 
possession  in  Oregon.  Still  there  was  that  in 
the  reception  that  McDougal,  who  had  charge 
at  Astoria,  tendered  to  Thompson,  the  agent  of 
an  opposing  and  foreign  corporation,  that,  if  it 
could  have  been  understood,  boded  no  good  to 
the  interests  of  Astoria.  McDougal  had  him- 
self been  formerly  connected  with  the  North- 
west Company,  and  still  cherished  the  warmest 
sympathy  with  it,  and  a  still  wanner  symjiathy 
with  the  principles  and  purposes  of  the  IJritish 
Covernment.  Hence  Thompson's  welcome  was 
cordial;  his  wants  were  bountifully  supplied; 
and,  notwithstaiuling  the  fact  that  the  very 
pnrpose  of  his  presence  was  to  thwart  the  very 
designs  for  which  McDougal  and  his  companj' 
were  there,  he  was  sent  on  his  return  journey, 
eight  days  later,  with  the  benefaction.-*,  if  not 
the  benedictions  of  McDougal  thick  upon  him. 
This  visit  of  Thompson's  was  a  most  sinister 
one,  and  he  is  a  blind  reader  of  history  who 
cannot  connect  it,  and  tlio  information  and  im- 
pressions he  obtained  in  it,  with  events  toward 
which  our  story  hastens,  and  which  will  not  be 
long  to  appear. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  for  us  to  trace  the 
story  of  the  various  efforts  of  the  comjiany  to 
extend  its  trade  and  establish   outposts  during 


,.*^.. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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2.0 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14S80 

(716)  873-4903 


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nr STORY    Ot     OKEnoN. 


' 


the  ^mlllller  and  iiiitunm  of  1812.  Tliey  were 
Imt  piirts  of  tliis  jreiieral  liibtoric  enterprise 
wliicli  liuil  its  heart  and  pivot  at  Astoria,  an  d, 
however  interesting  as  individual  inci<ient8  of 
adventure  they  iniglit  be,  they  did  little  to  affect 
or  change  the  current  of  events  that  was  eo 
rapidly  flowing  toward  a  liiutoric  point  of  great 
importance. 

On  the  9th  of  May,  1812,  the  ship  Beaver, 
Kent  hy  Mr.  Astor  with  re-enforceinents  and 
supplies,  arrived  at  Astoria.  Her  arrival  pnt 
the  I'acitic  Fur  Company  in  liie  liest  condition 
fur  vigorous  and  protitahle  service.  After  the 
discliar<re  of  her  cargo,  Mr.  Hunt,  w^lio  it  will 
ho  reineinbered  was  Mrs.  Aator's  immediate  re|)- 
resentative  in  the  charge  of  the  company,  set 
out  in  her  for  .Vlaska,  to  fulfill  the  mission  on 
which  the  ill-fated  Tontjnin  had  sailed;  leaving 
Mr.  Duncan  McDougal  in  "harge  at  Astoria. 
Tli(,>  llcaver  sailed  on  her  voyage  up  the  coast 
in  tne  month  of  August.  As  the  closing 
months  of  the  year  passed  by,  and  the  first 
of  the  next  was  following  them,  and  she  did 
not  return,  gloomy  apprehensions  of  her  fate  set- 
fled  down  on  Astoria.  McDougal,  especially, 
gave  way  to  the  most  unmaidy  despondency. 
He  had  nothini:  l)ut  evil  forebodings  and 
prophecies  for  the  whole  enterprise.  At  this 
juncture  he  was  surprised  on  the  lOth  of  .Jan- 
uary by  the  appearance  of  McKenzie,  way  worn 
and  weather-lmaten  from  a  long  winter  jonrney, 
from  liis  p(jit  on  Snake  Run,  with  intelligence 
which  brought  to  McDougal  confusion  of  mind, 
if  not  dismay  of  lieart.  It  had  l)een  brought 
to  the  post  of  McKenzie  by  Mr.  ,Iohn  George 
McTavish,  a  partner  of  the  North w^bt  Company, 
and  coininanding  a  |K)Bt  of  that  company  in  the 
vicinity  of  that  commanded  by  McKenzie. 
While  McTavish  was  delighted  by  it  McKen- 
zie was  as  much  alarmed,  and  lodt  no  time  in 
breaking  up  his  establishment  and  hastening 
with  all  his  people  to  Astoria.  T!ie  sub- 
stance of  the  news  that  thus  delighted  McTav- 
ish and  dismayed  McKenzie,  was  that  war  had 
been  declared  between  England  and  the  United 
States;  that  as  the  representative  of  the  English 


company  he  was  prepared  for  tlie  vigorous  op- 
position to  the  American,  and  he  clapped  the 
climax  of  this,  to  hear  very  pleasing  intelligence, 
or,  by  saying  that  the  armed  ship,  Isaac  Todd, 
was  to  be  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ct)lumbia  river 
about  the  beginning  of  March,  to  get  possession 
of  the  trade  of  the  river,  and  that  he  was  di- 
rected to  join  her  there  at  that  time. 

The  intelligence  brought  by  McKenzie  com- 
j)leted  the  dismay  of  McDugal.  All  hope  of 
nuiintaining  Astoria  was  abandoned,  and  the 
partners  resolved  to  give  up  the  post  in  the 
following  spring,  and  return  across  the  Uocky 
mountains.  Meantime  all  trade  was  given  up, 
and  alter  a  short  stay  at  Astoria,  McKenzie  set 
off  for  his  ])08t  on  Snake  river,  to  prepare  for 
its  ititended  abandonment,  and  also  for  the 
contemplated  journey  to  the  States.  When  the 
party  was  some  distance  above  the  Dalles  of 
the  Colutnbia,  they  met  Mr.  J.  G.  McTavish 
with  two  canoe- loads  of  white  men,  in  the  em- 
ployment of  the  Northwest  Company,  on  their 
way  down  the  Colninbia  to  meet  the  Isaac  Todd. 
Thtr  parties  encamped  together  for  the  night, 
like  comrades  rather  than  rivals,  the  two  lead- 
ers holding  very  friendly  consultations,  and  in 
the  morning  each  proci-eded  on  his  way.  With 
the  exception  of  McKenzie  the  partners  in  com- 
mand of  posts  in  the  interior  did  not  agree  with 
McDougal's  determination  to  abandon  the  coun- 
try. They  had  been  very  successfnl  in  their 
trade  with  the  Indians,  and  considered  it  un- 
manly to  break  up  an  enterprise  of  such 
magnitude  and  promise  on  the  first  difflculty. 
In  this  they  were  mci-e  faithful  and  courageous 
than  their  chief  at,  Astoria. 

The  time  for  the  annual  gathering  of  part- 
ners, with  the  pro<lucts  of  the  year's  trade,  at  As- 
toria, was  in  .lu.ie.  Accordingly,  on  the  12tli 
of  that  month,  Mr.  McKenzie,  Mr.  Clark,  and 
Mr.  David  Sti'art,  arrived  from  the  posts  on 
the  upper  Columbia  and  Snake  rivers,  bringing 
a  very  vttinable  stock  of  peltries.  They  found  Mc- 
Dougal, representing  the  Pacific  Fur  Conjpany, 
aiid  McTavish,  representing  the  Northwest  Com- 
pany, rivals  both   in   trade  and   nationality,  in 


\ 


IIlsrOliY    OF    OREGON. 


85 


closest  t'clloWHhi[>.  McDougal'sliospitality  toMc-- 
Tavisli,  was  altogether  uncalled  tbr,aml  the  more 
especially  when  the  nation  whicli  he,  as  aniomher 
of  the  Northwest  Company,  really  represented, 
was  at  war  with  the  United  States,  and  McJ)ongal 
well  knew  thitt  he  was  there  for  a  hostile  pur- 
pose. He  treated  McTavish  and  hie  party  as 
allies  rather  than  enemies  and  rivals.  McUon- 
ijal  had  but  to  leave  them  to  their  own  re- 
sources and  they  must  have  abandoned  the  coun- 
try immediately.  The  moral  evidence  of  Mc- 
Dougal'rt  treason  to  his  coin|)any  is  conclusive, 
and  the  results  soon  justified  the  belief. 

The  ship  Isaac  Todd,  which  McTavisli  expected 
to  meet  at  the  month  of  the  river,  not  arriving, 
that  gentleman  applied  to  McDougal  for  a  sup- 
ply of  goods  with  which  to  trade  his  way  back. 
They  were  furnished,  and  on  the  proposition  of 
McDougal  the  posts  of  the  Pacitic  Fur  Company 
on  the  Spokane  was  conveyed  to  the  Northwest 
Company.  This  established  that  company  in 
the  very  garden  of  the  trade  of  the  Pacific  Com- 
pany. 

McUoiigal  and  McKenzie,  who  were  at  one  in 
their  sinister  purpose,  at  length  succeeded  in 
intiuencing  the  minds  of  Clarke  and  Stuart,  and 
the  two  other  parties  present, and  the  four  signed 
a  manifesto  to  Mr.  Astor  setting  forth  the  most 
desponding  representations  of  the  condition  of 
affairs  at  Astoria  and  formally  announcing  their 
determination  to  dissolve  the  concern  on  the  lut 
of  the  following  June.  This  instrument  was 
delivered  to  McTavish,  who  departed  from  As- 
toria on  the  5th  of  July,  to  be  forwarded  to  Mr. 
Astor  at  New  York  by  tlie  Northwest  Company. 

While  these  events  were  occurring  on  the 
Pacific,  others  of  not  less  moment  to  Astoria 
were  transpiring  on  the  Atlantic.  On  the  6th 
of  March,  1813,  Mr.  Astor  dispatched  the  ship 
Lark  with  supplies  for  Astoria.  She  had  scarcely 
sailed  before  it  became  known  to  him  that  the 
Northwest  Company  liad  for  the  second  time 
memorialized  the  British  Government,  represent- 
ing Astoria  as  an  American  establishment  of 
great  strength,  with  a  vast  scope  of  purpose,  and 
urging  that  ii  be  destroyed.     In  answer  to  the 


memorial,  that  government  ordered  the  frigate 
Phft^be  to  convoy  the  armed  shij),  Isaac  Todd, 
of  the  Northwest  Com[)any,  which  was  ready  to 
sail  with  men  and  supplies  for  a  new  establish- 
ment at  the  moutii  of  the  Columbia.  They  were 
to  proceed  together  to  the  mouth  of  that  river, 
capture  or  destroy  whatever  American  fortress 
they  should  find  there  and  plant  the  Hritish  Hag 
upon  its  ruins. 

To  meet  this  new  and  alarming  cotidition  of 
affairs,  Mr.  Astor  appealed  to  the  Government 
and  the  frigate  Adams,  with  Captain  Crane  com- 
manding, was  ordered  to  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, and  ?Ir.  Astor  immediately  proceeded  to 
fit  out  the  ship  Enterprise,  with  supplies  and 
re-enforcements  to  sail  in  her  company  for  As- 
toria. Just  as  the  two  ships  were  ready  for  sea 
the  exigencies  of  the  American  naval  service  on 
lake  Ontario  called  for  more  seamen,  and  those 
of  the  Adams  were  transferred  to  the  squad- 
ron of  Commodore  Chauncey,  and  the  expedi- 
tion was  abandoned. 

It  would  needlessly  lengthen  our  work  to  at- 
tempt to  trace  the  complicated  movements  of 
the  different  parties  in  one  way  or  another  con- 
nected with  the  various  expeditions,  by  both  sea 
and  land,  that  in  some  way  affected  the  history 
of  the  great  enterprise  of  Mr.  Astor.  On  the 
whole,  taking  into  account  the  fact  that  the  un- 
dertaking had  such  vast  and  wide  ramifications, 
touching  all  the  possibilities  of  Indian  trade  in 
half  a  continent  of  trade  with  China  and  Russia 
and  other  parts  of  the  world,  and  that  purchases, 
sales  and  returns  over  the  world-wide  sweep  of 
Mr.  Astor'a  plans  would  needs  require,  at  least, 
two  years  before  any  intelligent  estimate  of  suc- 
cess or  loss  could  be  made,  the  conclusions  of 
McDougal  and  McKenzie  at  Astoria,  with  wliich 
even  Mr.  Il.uit  had  at  last,  with  much  difficulty, 
been  persuaded  to  agree,  appear  to  have  been 
childishly  hasty,  or  else  wickedly  disloyal  to 
their  patron  and  chief.  Whichever  it  was,  the 
result  to  the  enterprise  was  the  same,  and  its 
record  can  soon  be  made. 

On  the  7th  of  October  a  squadron  of  ten 
boats   under  the  command  of  J.  G.  McTavish, 


80 


IllsroilV    t)F    otlh'f.dS. 


who  lm<t  with  him  Mr.  J.  Stiiiirt,  auotliur  piirt- 
ner  of  the  Nortliwest  Company,  witii  some 
('lt'i'l<s  iiiid  sixty-oif^ht  tiieii  swept  arouiui  'roiij^iie 
I'diiit,  ami  sipon  after  Uuided  and  eiieainpofl  un- 
der the  irniis  of  tlie  fort,  displaying  tlie  Uritisli 
colors.  Tliere  were  some  young  men  in  the 
fort,  native  Americans,  who  desired  to  run  up 
the  "stars  and  stripes,"  hut  McDou^'al  forl)a<le 
tliein.  They  were  astonished  and  incensed,  as 
they  would  gladly  have  nailed  the  national  en- 
si<fn  to  the  stafl' even  at  the  cost  of  a  hattle,  but 
their  protest  had  no  iiiHuence  with  McDougal. 
He  liad  determined  on  a  surrender  of  Astoria, 
and  to  prepare  the  way  for  it  read  to  the  young 
men  of  the  fort  a  letter  from  his  uncle,  Mr. 
Angus  iShaw,  one  of  the  principal  partners  of 
the  Northwest  ComjjJiny,  announcing  the  com- 
ing of  the  Pluelie  a-ul  Isaac  Todd  "  to  take  and 
destroy  everything  American  on  the  northwest 
coast."  This  did  not  dismay  nor  convince  the 
patriotic  American  youth,  l)ut  they  were  power- 
less. McDougal  and  McTavish  hastened  nego- 
tiations.  On  the  same  day  thfe  former  agreed 
to  transfer  Astoria  and  all  it  contained.  It  was 
to  he  transferred  to  the  Northwest  Company  on 
terms  that  were  entirely  satisfactory  to  the 
latter.  I'efore  the  stipulations  were  signed, 
however,  Mr.  Stuart  and  the  reserve  party  of 
the  Northwest  Company  arrived  and  encamped 
•with  tlie  party  of  Mr.  McTavish.  He  insisted 
on  a  reduction  of  prices  and  McDougal  obse- 
(|uiou8ly  complied,  and  on  the  16th  of  October, 
181.'J,  an  agreement  was  executed  by  wliich  the 
furs  and  merchandi.se  of  all  kinds  in  the  entire 
country  belonging  to  the  Pacific  Fur  Company 
passed  into  the  possession  of  the  Northwest 
Company  at  about  one-third  of  their  real  value. 
Soon  after  the  British  sloopof-war,  Uaccoon, 
arrived  in  the  river,  having  come  with  high 
hopes  that  in  the  capture  of  Astoria  her  officers 
and  men  would  be  enriched  by  tlie  trophies  the 
Americans  had  gathered.  They  found  instead  that 
already  the  establishment  had  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  Hritish  subjects,  and  were  sorely 
disappointed.  On  the  12th  of  December  the 
|tjrmal  raising  of  the  Hritish  tlag  over  the  fort 


took  place,  and  in  the  name  of  her  Hritannic 
Majesty  its  mime  was  changed  from  Astoria  to 
l''ort  (Jeorge. 

About  two  months  after  this  transaction,  Mr. 
Hunt,  in  the  brig  Pedlar,  arrived  at  Astoria, 
finding  McDougal  a  |)artner  of  the  Nortliwest 
instead  of  the  Pacific  Fur  Company,  and  acting 
under  the  British  instead  of  the  American  flag. 
It  was  too  late  to  remedy  the  grievous  error 
and  wrong,  and  it  remained  for  him  only  to 
gather  up  the  fragments  that  remained  of  tlie 
interests  of  Mr.  Astor  and  his  great  company; 
and  on  the  13th  of  April,  1814.  he  sailed  away 
from  the  Columbia,  sadly  leaving  the  flag  of 
Oreat  Britain  floating  where  should  have 
streamed  the  ensiijn  of  America. 

In  concluding  this  ciiapter  of  Oregon-Amer- 
ican history  the  writer  can  hardly  help  adding 
the  reflection  that  the  key  to  the  failure  of  Mr. 
Aster's  grand  enterprise  is  found  in  the  fact 
that  the  most  of  its  leaders  were  so  largely  for- 
eigners. Their  very  names  had  a  foreign  accent 
and  orthography,  and  they  loved  the  cross  of 
St.  George  inore  than  the  stars  and  stripes  of 
(yolumbia.  They  were  not  great  enough  to  be 
true  to  principle  and  obligation  against  appeals 
to  feeling  and  profit.  And  so  the  American 
establishment  of  Astoria  became  the  Britist  oost 
of  Fort  (4eorge. 

Matters  at  Astoria — now  for  a  time  to  be  called 
Fort  George-  remained  the  same  until  the  war 
between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain  was 
terminated  by  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  in  1815. 
This  treaty  stipulated  that  "all  territory,  placfes 
and  possessions,  whatsoever,  taken  by  either 
])arty  from  the  other  during  the  war,  or  wliicii 
may  be  taken  after  the  signing  of  this  treaty, 
shall  be  restored  without  delay."  The  com- 
missioners, however,  could  not  agree  upon  a 
line  of  division  between  the  jiossessions  of 
England  and  the  United  States  west  of  the 
Rocky  mountains,  and  no  action  was  taken  in 
regard  to  Fort  George.  In  July,  1815,  in  ac- 
cordance with  its  understanding  of  the  terms  of 
the  treaty,  the  United  States  (Jovernnient  noti- 
fied the  British  ministei'  at  Washington  that  it 


V'- 


ai STORY   OF   ouKaoy. 


8t 


would  iiiiiiicdintcly  rcoccupy  tlic  captured  fort 
at  the  mouth  of  tlio  (■oluinbin  river,  (-treat 
Britain  mado  no  otticial  respouKC  to  this  notice, 
and  for  two  years  no  further  action  vns  taken. 
At  last,  in  Supteiuber,  1817,  the  American 
sioop-of-war  Ontario,  commanded  liy  Captain  J. 
Hiddle,  was  despatched  to  the  Columbia,  and 
the  eaptaiti  and  Mr.  J.  15.  I'revost  were  consti- 
tuted a  commission  instructed  to  assert  the 
claim  of  the  United  States  to  sovereignty  over 
the  region  of  the  Columbia.  This  decisive  act 
conipelle(i  a  decision  also  on  the  part  of  Great 
Hritaiii,  and  resulted  in  negotiations,  which 
finally  terminated  in  a  formal  transfer,  in  1818, 


of  Fort  George  t(j  Mr.  I'revost  as  representative 
of  the  United  States,  thus  putting  that  power 
again,  at  least  nominally  and  formally,  in  the 
possession  of  Oregon.  Still  the  Northwest 
Company  remained  in  actual  possession  of  the 
property  of  Fort  (ieorge  by  virtue  of  its  pur- 
ehase  of  the  same  from  the  agents  of  Mr.  Astor, 
as  heretofore  recorded.  It  was  now  a  strongly 
built  and  thoroujrhly  armed  fortress,  and  re- 
mained j)ractically  as  much  a  British  post  as 
before,  )intil  the  final  adjustment  of  the  boundary 
question,  in  1840.  Hut  it  had  no  history  of  its 
own  separate  from  the  general  history  of 
Oregon. 


^■^■^ 


CHAPTER   X. 

OREGON'S  MISSIONARY  OCCUPANCY. 

Ikdians  IN  Sk.^rch  fob  •'  Liout" — Embassy  to  St.  Louis— Indian's  Si'Kkih— Mu.  Cati.in'.s  Testi- 
mony—Amkiucan  Chueciies  Awakknkd— Jason  Lee — His  Missionary  Work — The  Field 
Unknown — Journey  to  it — Lee  and  McLauoiilin — Mission  Estmii-ished — Cai-tain  Si.o. 
cr.M — Others  Aurive — Ll.i;  Returns  to  the  States — Lar(je  Re-enkorcement — Indians 
Decaying:— Presbyterian  Missions — Dr.  Whitman  and  Mr.  Parker — First  Journey  ok 
White  AVomen — Indians  of  the  Interior — Roman  Catholic  Missions — Arrival  of  Two 
Priests — Element  of  Disi'ord — Basis  of  the  Controversy — Error  of  the  PisoTi-aTANTS — 
Policy  of  the  Catholics — Statement  of  Blanchet — Success  of  the  Catholics — Their 
Strenoth  in  1847. 


[E  have  traced  the  history  of  Oregon 
through  the  traditions  of  its  ante-civil- 
ized state.  It  is  now  time  that  we  turn 
to  its  initial  occupancy  for  civilized  purposes 
and  life,  without,  at  this  point,  discussing  mo- 
tives or  philosophies  of  civilization,  but  giving  a 
plain  narration  of  facts. 

In  the  year  of  1832  the  attention  of  the 
churches  of  the  United  States  was  called,  in  a 
somewhat  romantic  and  startling  manner,  to 
tlie  country  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  as  a 


promising  field  for  missionary  work  air    ig  the 
native  tribes.     It  occurred  on  this  wise: 

In  some  manner  the  Indians  of  the  far  north- 
west had  become  impressed  with  the  great  su- 
periority of  the  white  man.  With  the  natural 
superstition  of  nncivilized  races,  or,  it  may  be, 
with  the  true  instinei  of  universal  humanity, 
they  assigned  that  superiority  to  the  marvelous 
power  of  the  white  man's  God.  To  find  that 
God  and  avail  themselves  of  the  ad  vantages 
that  a  knowledge  of  Ilim  would  give  them,  l)o- 
came  the  subject  of  earnest  and  repeated  con 


88 


lIlsroKY    UF    OliKOON. 


iiltatioii  uiiioni^  tliein.  They  lm<l  also  ln-urd 
that  tlic  white  man  had  a  huok  tliat  oiiuiiiiiirii- 
cated  that  knowledge,  and  tliuy  earnestly  desired 
its  possession.  How  these  gliinnierini;s  of  I'aet 
liad  come  to  their  mindi*  we  cannot  tell,  though 
it  was  doiihtless  throufjli  some  stray  American 
trappers,  or  some  wandering  Iro<[Uois  who  had 
come  into  contact  with  Christian  teachings  in 
Canada  or  New  York.  They  were  crude  at 
best,  invested  witli  the  charm  of  snpernatural- 
ism,  always  exciting  and  attractive  to  an  In- 
dian's mind,  and  of  course  stirred  their  imagin- 
ations to  the  very  deepest.  In  the  councils  of 
the  Flathead  nation  it  was  at  last  determined 
th'U  an  embassy  should  be  sent  on  the  long 
trail — they  knew  not  how  long —  if  haply  they 
might  find  the  hook  and  bring  back  the  cov- 
eted light. 

An  old  chief,  celebrated  among  his  people  for 
bravery  and  judgment,  and  an  old  brave  skilled 
in  war,  were  selected,  and  with  them  were  asso- 
ciated two  young  braves  for  daring  and  jterilous 
feats  during  the  long  journey,  as  the  chosen 
embassadors  of  the  waiting  and  expectant  tribe. 

The  route  they  took  was  never  recorded. 
They  disappeared  in  the  defiles  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  stole  their  way  through  hostile 
tribes,  traversed  the  wide,  treeless  plains  that 
stretch  between  the  mountains  and  the  Missouri 
river,  and  finally  appeared  before  General  Will- 
iam Clarke,  who  had  led  the  exploring  expedition 
over  the  Uocky  mountains  to  the  sea  seventeen 
years  before,  with  the  story  of  their  people's  de- 
sire and  of  their  own  journey  for  its  gratification, 
in  St.  Louis,  then  a  hamlet  on  the  uttermost  bor- 
ders of  civilization,  (ieneral  Clarke  was  then  su- 
perintendent of  the  Indian  affairs  in  the  great 
west,  and  the  man  to  whom  they  would  natur- 
ally aj)ply  for  information  they  sought. 

Without  following  the  romantic  speculations 
of  many  writers  as  to  what  was  done  aii'l  said  by 
these  Indians,  itis  necessary  to  add  but  little  more 
than  that  their  mission  to  them  was  a  sad  fail- 
ure. The  old  Indian  chief  and  his  comj)anion 
brave  died  in  St.  Louis,  and  after  long  and  sad 
inquiry  tiie  two   young  men  |)repared  to  depart 


for  tiieir  distant  home.  Hefore  their  ilepartur  > 
they  took  a  ceremonious  leave  of  Oetieral  (JIarke 
and  one  of  them  delivered  to  him  a  speech  that 
for  sad  pathos  and  wild  eloquence  may  safely 
be  quoted  as  the  equal  of  Logan's  plaintive 
Words.  One  who  was  present  and  listened  to  it, 
thus  puts  into  English  its  words: 

"  I  come  to  you  over  a  trail  of  many  moons 
from  the  setting  sun.  You  were  tiie  friend  of 
my  fathers,  wlio  have  all  gone  the  long  wa^  I 
came  with  one  eye  partly  opened  for  mere  light 
for  my  people,  who  sit  in  darkness.  I  go  back 
with  both  eyes  closed.  How  can  I  go  back 
blind  to  my  peoj)le?  I  made  my  way  to  you  with 
strong  arms,  through  many  enemies  and  strange 
lands,  that  1  might  carry  back  muck  to  tliein. 
I  go  back  with  botii  arms  broken  and  empty. 
The  two  fathei's  who  came  with  us — tlie  braves 
of  many  winters  and  wars — we  leave  asleep 
here  by  your  great  water  and  wigwam.  They 
were  tired  in  many  moons  of  journey,  and  their 
moccasins  wore  out.  ily  people  sent  ine  to  get 
the  wiiite  man's  Hook  of  Heaven.  You  took 
me  where  they  worship  the  Great  Spirit  with 
candles,  but  tlie  Hook  was  not  there.  You 
showed  nie  the  images  of  good  spirits,  and  pict- 
ures of  the  good  land  beyond,  but  the  Hook 
was  not  among  them  to  tell  us  the  way.  I  am 
going  back  the  long,  sad  trail  to  my  people  in 
their  tlark  land.  You  make  my  feet  heavy  with 
your  burdens  of  gifts,  and  my  moccasins  will 
grow  old  in  carrying  them,  but  the  Hook  is  not 
among  them.  When  I  tell  my  poor  blind  peo- 
ple, after  one  more  snow,  that  I  did  not  bring 
the  Book,  no  word  will  be  spoken  by  our  old 
men  or  by  our  young  braves.  One  by  one  they 
will  nse  up  and  go  out  in  silence.  My  people 
will  die  in  darkness,  and  they  go  out  on  the 
long  path  to  the  other  hunting  grounds.  No 
wiiite  man  will  go  with  them,  and  no  white 
man's  Book  to  make  the  way  plain.  I  have  no 
more  words." 

The  interview  ended,  the  two  remaining  In- 
dian messengers  turned  their  faces  homeward. 
One  died  on  the  way,  and  the  other  returning 
to  iiis  people,  disappeared  from  historic  record. 


"m 


nrsToar  of  oiimaoN. 


80 


Tlie  fact  of  tlie  coiiiinif  of  tliis  einlmssy,  and 
its  disappointed  return  to  the  distant  regions 
wiicnco  it  came,  waH  soon  noised  abroad  oa 
H  very  romance  of  religion.  A  yoting  clerk 
in  the  ottice  of  General  Clarke,  having  wit- 
nessed tiie  interview,  and  noted  its  sad  and  dis- 
appointing end,  detailed  an  account  of  it  to 
friends  in  Pittsburg.  Oeorge  Catlin  was  then 
pursuing  his  studies  and  investigations  in  In- 
dian lore,  atid  enriching  his  gallery  with  Indian 
portraits  and  |)ainting8.  To  liini  the  letter  was 
shown.  He  had  met  the  two  returning  braves, 
traveled  with  them  on  the  Yellowstone,  and 
even  taken  their  portraits  for  his  gallery,  and 
they  had  said  nothing  to  him  of  the  object  of 
their  visit  to  St.  Louis  and  its  failure.  He 
therefore  asked  that  the  letter  be  not  published 
until  he  had  written  to  General  Clarke  and  as- 
certained the  tacts  in  the  case.  The  reply  from 
the  general  cume  at  length,  saying:  "It  is 
true;  that  was  the  only  object  of  their  visit, 
and  it  failed."  On  Catlin's  advice  the  letter 
was  given  to  the  world.  In  his  "Indian  Let- 
ters," Mr.  Catlin  speaks  of  the  matter  thus: 
"  When  I  first  heard  the  report  of  this  extraor- 
dinary mission  across  the  mountains,  I  could 
scarcely  believe  it;  but  on  consulting  with  Gen- 
eral Clarke  I  wae  fully  convinced   of  the  fact. 

*  *  They  had  been  told  that  our  religion 
was  better  than  theirs,  and  that  they  would  be 
lost  if  they  did  not  embrace  it." 

The  publication  of  the  letter  detailing  these 
events  stirred  the  heart  of  the  Christian  people 
of  America  as  a  call  from  God, — as  who  shall 
say  it  was  not?  bor,  though  the  one  lone  sur- 
vivor of  this  embassy  returned  sad  and  disap- 
pointed to  his  more  disappointed  people,  hie 
mission  was  far  from  being  a  failure,  and,  as  we 
read  history  backward  from  to-day,  this  event 
seems  a  divine  pivot  on  which  turned  not  only 
some  of  the  most  thrilling  chapters  of  individ- 
ual history  ever  recorded,  but  mnch  of  the 
('esriny  of  the  Indian  people,  and  probably  all 
of  that  of  Oregon. 

It  was  forever  contrary  to  the  genius  and 
spirit  of  Christianity  to  leave  a  call  so   clearly 


within  the  limits  of  the  Christiati's  idt-ii  of 
i'rovidence  unanswered.  So,  while  all  the 
churches  of  the  land  felt  the  "thrill  of  this  provi- 
dential call,  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
was  the  tirst  to  respond.  She  did  not  stop  to- 
experiment  and  explore,  but  through  her  con- 
stituted authorities  sought  for  a  man  to  lead 
the  van  I'uard  of  the  forces  of  civilization  and 
Christianity  over  the  Uocky  mountains  and 
down  toward  the  western  sea  a  full  2,000  miles 
beyond  the  westernmost  fringe  of  American  set- 
tlement. In  a  church  whose  typical  legend  was 
a  man  on  horseback  bearing  a  banner  inscribed, 
"The  world  is  my  parish."  it  could  not  bo  far 
nor  difficult  to  find  such  a  man,  and,  having 
found  the  leader,  to  find  coadjutor.^  jind  helpers 
in  the  work  he  adventured. 

After  due  and  diligent  search  the  authorities 
of  the  church  decided  that  Jason  Lee,  a  young 
man  of  thirty-one  yearh,  who  resided  in  Stan- 
stead,  Lower  Canada,  only  just  across  the  lino 
of  the  United  States,  born  of  New  England  par- 
ents, educated  in  Wilbrahain  Academy,  Massa- 
chusetts, under  Wilbur  Fisk,  the  most  re- 
nowned educator  of  early  Methodist  history, 
was  the  man  for  the  hour  that  had  thus  struck. 
The  reasons  for  this  conclusion  were  decisive. 
Mr.  Lee  was  of  unusual  physical  dignity  and 
prowess.  He  was  six  feet  three  inches  in  height, 
and  of  most  stalwart  and  manly  mold.  Erect, 
with  open  and  manly  and  frank  countenance,  a 
clear  blue  eye,  light  complexion  and  hair,  he 
was  the  impersonation  of  Saxon  vigor  and  will. 
Upon  him  the  seal  that  gave  the  world  assur- 
ance of  a  man  was  set.  Without,  his  own  heart 
was  moved  in  the  direction  of  the  work  to  which 
the  church,  through  her  constituted  authorities, 
was  thus  calling  him.  When,  therefore  his 
former  tutor  at  Wilbraham,  Dr.  Fisk,  put  the 
question  before  him  in  behalf  of  the  church, 
and  also  in  behalf  of  the  waiting  Indian  tribes 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  "  immediately  he 
conferred  not  with  flesh  and  blood  "  but  stepped 
resolutely  through  the  open  door  thus  unex- 
pectedly opened  before  him,  and  gave  himself  to 
history  as  the  pioneer  of  civilization  and  Christ- 


M 


/nsroiiy  of  oiiKnoy. 


iiiiiitv  wost  of  till-  Uocky  iiiuuiituiiii*.  Otlioru, 
kinili'cil  \\\  |)nri>uso,  and  of  siinilni'  lieroii'  i|iiitl- 
ity,  wcro  soon  iissociiitcd  witli  liiiii.  Tlicsi'  were 
Ills  own  iiepln^w,  Ri'v.  Daniel  l.i'i'.  iiml  Mr. 
■Cyrus  Slio|)ard,  of  MiiaBiicliiisetts.  who  wim'imiUo, 
mult'r  tlie  appointment  of  tlic  Mctliodist  Epis- 
co]>!il  Clnircii,  (Itsi^fnated  to  share  the  lionor  as 
well  as  the  ]ii'rii  of  a  niissionary  expatriation 
anionj^  the  wt'st(!rn  tribes. 

It  does  not  enter  into  tiie  ])ni'pose  of  this 
liistory  to  give  a  detailed  aceonnt  of  the  per- 
Honiiel  and  work  of  the  varions  missionary  <'oni- 
panies  that  pioneered  the  work  of  American 
civilization  in  Oroijon,  further  than  is  necessary 
to  show  tlio  relations  tliey  sustained  to  the  his- 
tory of  tlie  country  into  whicli  they  entered. 
It  would  helonir  rather  to  ecclesiastical  than  tien- 
era]  history  to  dfi  that.  Still  that  personnel 
was  so  great  ami  heroic,  and  that  work  so  fun- 
damental, tiiat  neither  can  he  disniissi'd  witii  a 
paragrapl).  Ilonco  wo  take  up  tiie  liistory  of 
these  missionary  companies  in  the  chronoloj^ical 
order  of  their  occu|)ancy  of  this  field;  preniis- 
intf  tlie  remark  that  the  essence  of  the  im- 
portance of  their  work  in  every  respect  that 
l)()re  upon  the  settlement  of  questions  of  na- 
tional and  international  rights  was  in  the  time, 
as  well  as  in  the  fact,  of  their  cominir.  With 
this  explanatory  remark,  and  within  this  limita- 
tion, we  rcsiimo  the  story  of  tiie  missionary 
work  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  under 
the  direction  of  Jason  Lee 

Mr.  Lee  received  his  appointment  as  "missio- 
nary to  the  Flathead  Indians"  in  1833,  from 
the  New  England  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  Leaving  his  homo  in  Canada 
on  tlie  nineteenth  day  of  August  of  that  year, 
he  spent  the  following  autumn  and  winter  in 
traveling  through  the  cities  and  villages  of  the 
North  from  Portland,  Maine,  to  Baltimore, 
stirring  up  the  hearts  of  the  chnrcli  everywhere 
hy  his  fervent  appeals  for  the  Indians  of  Oregon, 
and  inspiring  the  confidence  of  the  people  liy 
his  evident  sincerity  as  well  as  his  commanding 
aliility.  I'nder  the  iiiHuence  of  his  speeches 
Oregon  liogaii  to  rise  out  of  a  mytiiiciil  into  an 


actual  exietence  in  llie  thoughts  of  the  people. 
To  Americans  even,  up  to  this  time,  it  was  as 
unknown  as  Ilindoostan,  -a  name  standing  only 
for  unexplored  regions  hetween  the  summits  of 
the  Ilocky  mountains  and  the  western  ocean,  of 
unsiirveyod  limits  and  unknown  conditions.  Al- 
though it  had  served,  in  Congress  and  in  Parlia- 
ment, as  H  text  for  vaporing  political  discourse, 
yet  so  little  did  Briton  or  American  know  of  it 
that  one  sought  it  only  as  a  preserve  for  the  fur 
hunter,  and  the  other  believed  it  to  be  but  a 
barren  and  inhospitable  waste  fit  only  to  appear 
on  his  maps  as  the  "(4reat  Americ^an  desert." 
The  appointment  of  Jason  Leo  to  evangelistic 
work  within  it,  and  the  evident  intention  of  tho 
great  church  whose  commission  labored  to  sus- 
tain him  in  the  field  to  which  she  had  assigned 
him,  meant  the  lifting  of  a  veil  that  for  tiio  ages 
had  hidden  that  vast  region  from  human  sight. 
In  the  spring  of  1834  the  company  of  mis- 
sionaries for  Oregon,  headed  by  Jason  Lee, 
joined  the  company  of  Mr.  Nathaniel  Wycth, 
of  whose  trading  adventures  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains  we  liave  elsewhere  written,  at  Indo- 
pendence,  Missouri,  prepared  to  accompany 
them  on  their  journey  over  the  mountains.  His 
associates  were  his  neph'jw,  Rev.  Daniel  Lee; 
Mr.  Cyrus  Shepard,  an  experienced  andeminont 
teacher  of  Salem, ^[assachusetts;  and  at  Indepen- 
dence ho  secured  the  services  of  Mr.  P.  L.  Ed- 
wards, a  young  man  of  tine  abilities  and  excellent 
character,  afterward  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Sacra- 
mento, (California,  all  men  well  adapted  to  sustain 
their  chief  in  his  arduous  undertaking.  Notwith- 
standing there  was  so  much  of  the  liistory 
of  Oregon  wrapped  under  the  coats  of  these 
four  men,  it  would  occupy  too  much  of  the  space 
that  is  needed  for  other  events  to  record  the  in- 
cidents of  their  journey'  of  two  thousand  miles 
on  horseback  to  their  field  of  selected  toil. 
Suffice  it  here  to  say  that,  through  all  the  inci- 
dents and  perils  of  the  journey  among  such 
Indian  tribes  as  the  Pawnees,  the  Sioux,  the 
Shoshones,  the  Blackfeet,  the  Bannacks,  the 
Nez  Perces  and  the  (3ayii.se.s,  wild  freebooters  of 
tho  plains,  they  bore  tiieuiselves  like  brave  men, 


»    * 


r 


nrbi'duy  of  oitKaoN. 


9t 


ready  to  ilo  all  tlicir  part  in  every  uiiierffeiicy  of 
travel  or  ilanger.  Mr.  Lett,  in  a  very  s|ieciiil 
tiiaiiiicr,  won  tlio  confidenc-o  and  reH|itic'.t  of  such 
inuiintain  leaders  as  Siililutte,  Wyotli,  Fit/.- 
I'atrick,  Walker  and  others.  I'rof.  Townsliend, 
a  naturalist  who  aecouipunicd  the  party  tor 
Bcientitie  purposes,  speaks  of  liini  in  his  journal 
in  most  flattering  terms. 

Mr.  Leo  and  his  company  reaehed  Vancouver, 
the  headquarters  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company, 
and  the  residence  of  Dr.  McLaughlin,  its  gover- 
nor, on  the  15tli  day  of  Se|)tember,  ISBi.  He 
was  received  with  great  respect  by  Dr.  Mc- 
Laughlin. The  moral  and  political  casuist  will 
readily  sco  that  in  the  meeting  of  these  two  men 
on  that  day,  there  stood  face  to  face  causes  and 
destinies  of  wonderful  import  to  Oregon,  and 
even  to  civilization  itself  the  world  over.  They 
were  both  typical  and  represer)tative  men.  They 
were  both  ('anadian  born.  One  was  a  Scotcli- 
Knglishman  with  all  the  stalwart  grip  and  force 
of  that  splendid  blood.  The  other  was  of  pure 
New  England  parentage.  They  were  both  over 
six  feet  in  height  and  looked  level  into  each 
others  eyes.  Seldom  indeed  have  two  such 
representatives  of  ojiposing  forces  and  antago- 
nistic purposes  stood  face  to  face  with  each 
other,  and  met  so  calmly,  and  so  entered  at  once 
into  each  other's  personal  friendships,  as  in  the 
case  of  these  two  men.  One  is  tempted  to  stand 
long  and  gaze  upon  this  strange  moral  and  in- 
tellectual tableau  thrown  against  the  foreground 
of  an  opening  and  against  the  background  of  a 
departing  era;  for  when  their  two  hands 
clasped  it  was  the  old  greeting,  perhaps  un- 
consciously, the  better  new,  and  the  new,  per- 
haps as  unconsciously,  bidding  the  old  depart. 

Dr.  McLaughlin,  as  the  representative  of  the 
Hudson's  liay  Company,  and  hence  of  the  poivti- 
and  purpose  of  Great  Britain  in  Oregon,  could 
not  meet  Mr.  Lee  as  he  could  and  did  meet  Mr. 
Nathaniel  Wyeth.  The  cases  and  the  causes 
were  entirely  dissimilar.  Mr.  Wyeth  came  with 
merchandise  as  a  trader,  came  to  set  up  a  rival 
establishment  within  hearing  of  the  morning 
gun  of  Fort  Vancouver.     Mr.    Lee  came  as  a 


missionary  of  help  and  moral  uplift  to  the  de- 
gradcil  trilies  that  swarmed  in  tiie  valU^yt*  and 
roamed  over  the  hills.  Mr.  Wyeth  had  arms 
in  his  hands;  .Mr.  L(!e  had  ideas  aixl  moral  pur 
iioses  in  his  mind  and  heart.  The  lirst  could 
bo  met  with  stronger  and  older  conimcrcial 
|)ower  or  with  more  numerous  arms  if  necessary  ; 
the  other  could  be  met  only  with  ideas  and  moral 
purposes  better  than  his  own.  Therefore,  the 
first  was  hemmed  in,  circumscribed,  thwarted, 
linally  defeated,  and  within  a  year  coinp(dl('(l  to 
leave  the  country  a  broken  and  ruined  man. 
Hut  Mr.  Lee  and  his  ideas  had  come  to  stay, 
One  cannot  shoot  an  idea  to  death.  He  cannot 
kill  amoral  impulse  with  gun])owdcr.  Hesides, 
those  who  knew  Dr.  McLaughlin  in  his  lifetime 
knew  very  well  that  his  moral  nature  was  far 
superior  to  the  purposes  and  wo.'k  of  the  soul- 
less corporation  of  which  he,  by  a  providence 
very  gracious  to  the  v^ork,  Mr.  Lee  came  to 
Oregon  to  perforin,  was  there  the  executive 
head.  In  the  case  of  Mr.  Lee,  therefore,  his 
heart  became^  the  guide  of  his  actions,  and  hence 
he  not  only  did  not  attempt  to  hinder,  Imt 
really  extended  efKoient  help  in  the  establish- 
ment of  his  mission  and  the  opening  of  his  work 
in  Oregon.  Still  justice  requires  us  to  say  that 
it  is  not  probable  that  Dr.  McLaughlin  was 
enough  skilled  in  moral  casuistry,  or  well 
enough  acquainted  with  the  history  of  the  re- 
sults of  missionary  enterprises  in  other  parts  of 
the  world,  to  fully  comprehend  the  meaning  of 
the  future  history  of  this  coast  that  was  wrapped 
up  rt'ithin  the  white  folds  of  Mr.  Lee's  commis- 
sion. So  he  helped  where  otherwise  he  niight 
have  hindered;  he  counseled  whore  he  other- 
wise might  have  opposed  and  defeated. 

It  was  under  the  advice  of  Dr.  McLaughlin 
that  Mr.  Lee  finally  decided  to  establish  his 
missionary  station  in  the  heart  of  the  Willam- 
ette valley.  Two  motives  seemed  to  prompt 
that  advice.  First,  the  putting  of  the  American 
establishment  south  of  the  Columbia  river,  which 
the  Hudson's  Hay  people  expecteil  would  be- 
come the  boundary  between  Great  Iiritain  an<l 
the   Tnited   States  on  this  coast,  and  secondly 


lllsTdltV    OF    oliKllitS. 


liiiviiijr  it  niM\r  eiiriuirli  to  Vniicinivir  to  hp  under 
its  wiitdiliil  t've.  Mr.  l-ce,  Imviii;,' I'iU'i'fiiliy  i;\- 
Hiiiineil  every  point  tliiit  voiikl  Hii^^jTect  itHollnH 
H  Hwitiilile  one  tor  Inn  work,  tiniilly  on  Monday, 
tlie  nixtli  (lay  of  Octtilier.  ISIi-t.  willi  Daniel 
Lee  and  V.  L.  KdwardH.  pitclieil  Ills  tent  on  the 
banks  of  tlic  Willamette  I'iver.  aliout  ten  miles 
Ijelow  the  present  city  of  Salem,  where  he  had 
deterniined  to  e.ttrthlish  his  mission.  On  Sun- 
day, the  lOtli  of  October,  he  delivered  the  first 
formal  sermon  ever  ])rua('hed  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  at  the  n.'sidence  of  Mr.  Joseph  (iervais, 
near    where  the  town  of  (ti-rvaie    now  stands. 

Ilia  nn|ml)lished  journal  says;  "From  these 
words,  'Turn  ye  from  your  evil  ways,'  to  a  mixed 
assembly,  few  of  whom  understood  what  I  said, 
but  (iod  is  able  to  speak  to  their  hearts.'' 

From  this  time  forward,  ever  increasing,  be- 
coming more  atid  more  a  moldinj;  foree  in  the 
intellectual  and  moral  life  of  the  country,  his 
work  went  forward.  It  is  not  the  province  of 
this  history  to  follow  it  in  detail,  oidy  far 
enough  to  show  how  potentially  this  and  suc- 
cee<iing  missionary  establishments  beeante  the 
nucleus  around  which  accreted  whatever  there 
was  of  American  thonirlit  and  purpose  and  life 
in  Oregon  for  nearly  ten  years  following  this 
date.  For  this  reason  the  men,  and  the  work 
they  performed,  as  makers  and  moldors  of 
history,  are  of  first  importance  in  estimating 
the  conditions  out  of  which  history  is  made. 

Though  Christians.  Mr.  Lee  and  the  three 
men  who  wrought  with  him  were  plain,  practi- 
cal, solid  men.  All  the  pictures  of  the  writers 
who  paint  them  as  pietistic  recluses,  or  even 
religious  zealots,  expecting  to  save  the  heathen 
and  renew  a  j)eople  by  exhortations  and  prayers 
and  moral  incantations,  are  sheer  rhetorical  cari- 
catures, to  say  the  least  of  them,  instead  of  real 
descri])tions,  and  pIiow  either  the  ignorance  or 
perversity  of  those  wdio  painted  them.  These 
men  knew  well  that  their  work,  to  be  ultimately 
productive  of  the  results  for  which  they  were 
here,  must  lay  its  fouiulations  in  the  very  ele- 
ments of  intellectual  and  physical  culture.  They 
had  placed  but   half  a  shelter    over  their    lone 


heads  before  they  proceeib'd  t<i  the  establisii- 
ment  of  an  hnlian  manual-hibor  school,  into 
which  Indians  l)oth  youth  and  adults,  were 
gathered,  and  where  they  were  taught  husbandry 
ami  mechanics,  as  wcOl  as  the  song  anil  prayer. 
As  showing  the  result  of  this  teaching  in  these 
earlier  years  of  their  work,  the  testimony  of 
Captain  W.  A.  Slocuin,  of  the  United  Stati-s 
Navy,  conunanding  the  brig  Loriot,  who  visited 
Mr.  Lee's  mission  about  two  years  after  its  e>- 
tablishment,  may  properly  be  quoted.  He  says: 
"  I  have  seen  children  who  two  years  ago  were 
roaming  over  their  own  native  wihis,  in  a  state 
of  savage  barbarism,  now  being  i)ri(Ught  within 
the  knowledge  of  moral  and  religious  instruc- 
tion, becoming  useful  members  of  society,  by 
being  taught  the  most  useful  of  all  arts  agri 
culture — and  all  this  without  the  least  compul- 
sion." So  favorably  did  the  work  of  this  mis- 
sion impress  him  that  he  made  to  it  the  con- 
siderable donation  of  l|50,  as  a  testimony  of  his 
appreciation. 

After  two  years  of  successful  work  by  these 
four  men  in  the  missionary  field,  so  promising 
did  the  future  appear  that  six  others,  three  men 
and  three  women,  were  added  to  their  number 
by  the  missiomiry  authorities  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  arriving  in  Oregon  in  Nfay, 
1S37,  and  these  were  succeeded  in  September  of 
the  same  year  by  four  others,  two  men  and  two 
Women.  One  of  the  last  named  gentlemen, 
Itev.  David  Leslie,  was  attended  by  his  wife 
and  several  children — a  thorough  New  England 
family,  having  some  of  the  best  blood  of  old 
Massachusetts  Howing  in  their  veins;  the  first 
real  family  transplanted  from  the  New  England 
of  the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  better  New  England 
of  the  Pacific  coast;  the  real  beginning  of 
American  home  life  in  the  valley  of  the  Willa- 
mette. Does  not  this  mean  something  for 
American  civilization  in  Oregon. 

It  should  be  noted  that  up  to  this  time  the 
Indian  tribes  were  maintaining  their  old  nu- 
merical strength.  They  were  amply  impressed 
with  the  superiority  of  that  form  of  civilized 
life  that  they  saw  in    the   missionary  homes  of 


m 


tfi 


UlsroUY    i>F    UKKUUy. 


»a 


OiTgoii,  Tlicy  could  not  Imt  si'i-  tlio  ililTeroricc 
Ixttwuen  tlictii  and  tlie  tn)|>|)ur8  nnd  triiil-inun  of 
tlio  fur  coinpitnicM.  Tlitty  wuro  citlliiig  for  inis- 
bioniii'y  cstablisliincnts  el  sow  lie  re.  Hunt  u\'  the 
Citfciidc  niuniitiiinK,  lit  (Jlutsop,  in  the  Unip(|un, 
Hrnoiif^  tlu!  (Jiiynso!!  and  Nez  Perces.  An  enmr- 
ffcnc'v  of  civiliziition  and  cliristinnity  wiin  upon 
the  land.  Jason  Lee,  the  Corypheiin  o'  this 
hand  of  Christian  civiiizerR,  returned  to  the 
Kast,  by  the  trail  by  which  he  came  out,  to  se- 
cure help  adequate  to  the  great  emergency. 
His  appeals  from  BoKton  to  Charleston,  from 
St.  F^ouis  to  New  York,  on  the  rostrum  and 
through  the  press,  in  the  winter  of  1838  and  the 
summer  of  18!}9,  awakened  profound  and  wide- 
spread interest,  not  only  in  his  special  work  liut 
in  Oregon  itself.  lie  asked  for  four  or  live 
missionary  helpers.  The  j^reat  church  to  which 
ho  n])pealed,  judged  that  the  demands  were 
greater.  Kivo  clerical  missionaries,  one  physi- 
cian, 8i.v  mechanics,  four  farmers,  one  steward 
or  business-manager,  four  female  teachers; 
thirty-six  adults  in  all,  together  with  seventeen 
children,  constituted  the  reinforcement  of  the 
church,  in-whose  employ  Mr.  Lee  was  laboring, 
judged  not  too  large  to  meet  the  emergency  of 
the  hour.  It  was  a  missionary  company,  but  it 
was  not  that  only.  It  was  an  American  colony ; 
an  educated,  refined,  patriotic  colony  of  Ameri- 
can citizens.  When  in  the  early  summer  of 
1840,  these  fifty-three  people  united  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  with  the  sixteen  who  had 
preceded  them,  there  was  a  truly  American 
colony,  west  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  of  nearly 
four-score  souls, — n  neuclus  of  civilization 
around  which  the  elements  of  a  great  history 
might  gather  and  enlarge  and  crystallize  until  a 
great  and  prosperous  State  should  l>e  the  result. 
"  Man  projioses;  God  disposes."  '  So  it  was 
here.  A  single  year  while  Mr.  Lee  was  absent 
from  the  country,  had  touched  the  Indian  tribes 
as  with  a  pestilence.  They  were  wasting  out  of 
being.  The  beautiful  Willamette  was  to  be  dedi- 
cated to  something  greater  and  grander  than  even 
Indian  missionary  establishments.  A  stronger 
race,  with  a  purpose  ajid  apower  that  could  carry 


the  country  to  the  highest  fornis  of  civilizeil  so. 
ciety  and  life  was  to  have  and  to  hold  it.  Their 
vanguard  of  chosen  men  and  women,  chdscn  for 
their  pcrsmud  power  ami  purpose,  was  here  to 
fix  and  drive  the  initial  stake  from  which  should 
bo  traced  tho  foundation  measurements  of  the 
history  of  a  thousand  years.  Nor  was  this  alto- 
gether an  unexpected  condition.  This  great  en- 
ter|)rise  had  tho  countenance  of  the  national 
authorities  with  some  reference  to  it.'*  political 
as  well  as  its  moral  and  religious  significance.  Of 
course  it  was  known  that,  so  >ner  or  later,  the 
Indian  trilK>s  here,  as  everywhere  (dse,  would 
disappear.  The  men  in  authority  at  Washing- 
ton did  not  knowthis  better  than  did  tho  mon 
who  constituted  this  missionary  company.  In 
deed  they  did  not  know  it  as  well.  Itut  it 
came  sooner  than  was  anticipated,  though  not 
too  soon  for  the  safety  of  American  interests; 
as  the  pressure  of  events  in  AVashington  and  in 
Loudon  were  hurrying  the  two  nations  toward 
a  final  issue  of  their  struggles  for  Oregon,  with 
the  coming  of  this  f,'ite--sad,  it  would  seem,  to 
the  Indian  tribes — there  was  a  necessary  failure 
comparatively,  of  these  Indian  missions.  Itnt 
that  failure  was  one  of  the  conditions  of  the  in- 
coming of  that  after  civilzation  the  germ  of  which 
was  in  that  c(dony  of  American  men  and  women 
that  had  thus  strangely  Iwen  set  d'lwn  here 
Justin  time  to  give  it  most  potent  relation  to 
what  was  to  be.  Still,  for  three  ye.>rs,  the 
work  of  this  company  of  people  was,  as  I'.ir  as 
those  immediately  about  them  were  concerned, 
endeavoring  to  do  good  to  the  decaying  rem- 
nants of  the  Indian  tribes.  iJosides  the  mis- 
sionaries and  those  immediately  connected  with 
them,  the  Indians,  few  and  feeble  as  they  were, 
were  all  upon  whom  they  could  bcotow  labor  or 
sympathy.  As  to  themselves  they  were  wait, 
ing,  becoming  acquainted  with  the  geography 
and  resources  of  the  country.  They  were  young 
people.  Hardly  a  person  forty  years  of  age  among 
them.  They  could  afford  to  wait  and  be  ready 
for  what  was  ready  for  them. 

Our  readers  will  see  when  they  reach  and 
study  tlie  history  of  "  Immigration  "  as  treated 


M 


HIHToltr    oh'    (HtKUON 


licri-aflor  in  tliiH  hook,  tliiit  tint  luitiiiitti  of  1K43 
ilitti'h  H  clmii;;!!  ill  tlin  |i()|i<liiitiori  of  tlic  colllltry 
of  siK'li  II  ciirtnu'tiT  (IS  lu'ci'.xsarilv  to  rlose,  in 
iiiri,'!'  iiiciisiir.',  tlie  lth  of  IimIImii  inissioiiH  in 
Ornijon.  It  ii<  \,r\w  tiiern  were  lociil  iiit(?rlii|)- 
[liii^s  anii  ovci'la|i{>iii<rM,  lint  aftci'  tlial  ilat(>  tin* 
M'iiitc  mid  tiu^  Aiiit^rican  iirolonilnatt'H  in  tiiu 
country  over  the  Ked  and  tiic  lIii(i»*on'n  Imy. 
lli'iict!  \vf  do  not  triK'c  tlic  iiistorv  of  this  first 
i'stal>lisin!d  and  stron^cKl  iniswion  liirtlier  than 
timt  |H5i'i(Ml;  lint  eoni*i<lor  itn  personnel  as  after- 
ward aliforliod  into  tin;  lari;or  life  of  n  coininon- 
wi'iiltii  of  wliicli  itsi'lf  had  lii>un  a  inoHt  potiMit 
creator.  As  we  eoiiclnde  our  diftinetive  refer- 
ence to  tliis  individiiiil  inifsion,  tlie  tairne!>s  of 
iiistory  reipiires  ns  \u  ^\\v.  tlie  iiiiniea  of  the  j^en- 
tlenicn  then  constituting  it,  or  had  been  prom- 
inently coniua'tcd  with  it.  'I'hey  were  Jason  Lee, 
Daniel  I,ee,  ("vrns  Slie|)ard.  who  ha<l  died,  I'. 
L.  Edwards,  who  had  retnrned  to  the  States, 
David  Leslie,  IL  K.  \V.  I'erkina,  Hlijali  White, 
who  had  also  returned  to  the  Stale.^,  A.  Heers, 
W.  II.  Wilson,  Alvin  F.  Waller,  Gnstavns 
llines,  (ieor^^e  Aheriiethy,  Hamilton  Campbell. 
The  same  incidents  that  at  the  heoimiinffawak- 
ened  sneli  an  intense  interest  in  the  Mi^thodist 
P'.piseopal  Clinndi  in  America  for  the  Indians  of 
the  liocky  mountains  and  beyond  thrillc<l  with 
the  same  intensity  tiie  </ther  chnrcheH  of  the  land. 
They  began  to  project  missionary  work  in  that 
region  at  the  same  time.  The  American  Hoard- 
of  ('oniinissioners  tor  Foreign  Missions,  then 
represcntinj;  tile  Presbyterian,  Congregational 
and  Dnt'.'h  Hefonncd  chnrches,  was  not  back- 
ward in  its  purposes.  Karly  in  1834  initial 
steps  were  taken.  A  commission  to  explore  tiie 
country  preparatory  to  the  establishment  of  a 
mission  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Rev. 
Samuel  I'arker,  Rev.  J.  Dunbar,  and  Air.  S. 
Ellis.  They  left  Ithaca,  New  York,  in  May, 
but  reached  St.  Louis  too  late  to  join  the  cara- 
vans of  fur  traders  for  the  Rocky  mountains, 
and  were  obliged  to  defer  the  contemplated  ex- 
ploration until  another  year.  Mr.  Parker  re- 
turned to  New  York,  and  Messrs.  Dunbar  and 
Ellis  eDgaged  in  missionary  labors  among  the 


PawntHtK.     Ill  the  tpriflK  of  1A8B  Mr.  Parker 
WH8  joined  by   Dr.  MarciiH  Whitman,  and  they 

rimcheil  St.  Louis  in  April.  In  i-oinpany  with 
the  annual  caravan  ol  the  Ameiican  Fur  (/i>m- 
pany  they  proceeded  westward  as  far  as  (Ireen 
river,  about  fifty  miles  west  of  ihe  summit  of 
the  Riicky  mountains,  the  rendovous  of  that 
company.  Here  they  met  a  large  number  of 
the  Inilians  of  the  ('nlumbia,  and  the  infoniia 
tion  they  rcfeiv;;ti  rr;.'iii  them,  together  with  that 
froiii  trappers,  tradoi.'  and  travelers  whom  tlu^y 
met  her",  vvas  such  is  decided  them  to  estaiilish 
a  inissieii  on  or  near  the  middle  Columbia.  In 
furtherance  of  that  decisio.i  Dr.  Wliitirian  re- 
turned to  the  East,  and  Mr  i'arker  eoiitinueil 
his  journey  to  the  ColnmbiH..  lie  visited  Walla 
Walla,  Vanc(>uver,  the  mission  of  Mr.  Xmm  in 
the  Willamette,  and  after  completing  his 
observations  retnrned  to  New  York  by  (he  way 
of  the  Sandwich  islande  and  cape  Horn  in 
1837. 

Two  Ncz  Perces  Indians  accompanied  Dr. 
Whitman  on  liis  retutn  to  New  York,  where 
their  ap|>earance  as  H()epiinenH  of  the  tribe 
among  which  it  was  proposed  to  establish  a  iiiis- 
sion  exeite<l  the  greatest  curiosity    and  interest. 

In  the  spring  of  1830  Dr.  Whitman  and  his 
wife,  to  whom  he  was  but  recently  married,  with 
Rev.  H.  H.  Spaniding  and  his  young  wife,  and 
Mr.  W.  H.  (Jray  as  secular  agent  of  the  mis- 
sion proceeded  to  the  frontier  of  Missouri,  and 
uniting  them.-elves  to  the  Aineric^an  Fur  (Com- 
pany's convoy  procee<led  across  the  continent  to 
the  place  fixed  upon  for  their  missionary  work 
among  the  Cayuses  at  Wailetpu  and  among  the 
Nez  Perces  at  Lapwai. 

This  journey  is  justly  celebrated  in  history 
as  the  first  ever  made  by  white  women  across 
the  Rocky  mountains.  That  alone  was  snfHcient 
to  make  the  names  of  Mrs.  Whitman  and  Mrs. 
Spaniding  historic.  It  writes  them  on  the  pnge 
of  history  as  heroines.  They  were  the  first 
white  women  whose  blue  eyes  over  looked  into 
the  black  orbs  of  the  aboriginal  daughters  of  the 
Columbia.  That  makes  their  arrival  date  an 
epoch    in  Oregon    history.     While   they    were 


ilisToiir  OF  itHtyios. 


iin 


c(iiMiii;r  liy  liiiid,  nthem  w«r«  on  the  way  by  aea, 
l)iit  tlmMc  woru  tirBt  by  a  few  inonthH,  hixI  no 
t'liir  liiiml  liiiH  cviT  lii'c!)  riiiscil,  or  vwy  will  \<v 
riii^t'cl,  til  pliii'k  tli<>  (Town  iif  tills  jfrciit  ilistiiic- 
ti(Mi  from  flit<ii-  briiws.  'I'lujy  w«irt;  |K!rr<ciimlly 
wordiy  i>r  it,  mill  we  im-  j;IhcI  to  Ktiuly  tlu  in  in 
tlioir  iiniquu  iintl  niii^iiitict'nt  ieolHtion  in  liistorif. 
story.  Fnll  mm  whb  thin  journey  with  thrilling 
incident,  wo  pan  do  no  more  tlmn,  witli  tlieite 
vew  BenteiicuH,  uuiidiict  tlieHC  tnindionArie."  to 
til  <ir  pJHcu  where,  two  years  alter  .lason  Lue 
h«d  e!<tiilili:4hi-d  the  M<>tlindint  nisnion  in  flie 
Willrtmette,  they  liegim  thnu  in  interior  Oiegori. 

The  game  general  course  of  incident  mnrke«l 
the  work  (d' t bene  mi>-riion8  lis  did  timt  alreHdy 
diserilie<l  in  the  Williimetto  valley.  There  wan, 
liowever,  a  difference  in  one  ini|x)rtaiit  respeet. 
The  [ndians  of  the  interior  were  very  HUj)erior 
phyBically  and  intellectually  to  thune  nearer  the 
coast.  Hence,  while  the  tri!>eH  of  tiie  Willam- 
ette wert'  smitten  with  decay  thene  were  yet 
vigorous  and  comparatively  nunieroUH.  Seven 
years,  therefore,  after  the  Indian  mission  work 
was  almoHt  or  entirely  abandoned  in  tlie  Willam- 
ette, that  in  thin  region  wan  CTijoyin)^  its 
greatest  prosperity.  But  it  was  only  to  meet 
the  same  fate  at  last,  excejit  as  the  Indians 
themselves  have  proved  capable  of  so  far  re- 
sisting the  enfeebling  and  destructive  contact 
with  a  miscellaneous  white  popiilatinn,  and  have 
maintained  an  existence  as  a  people  even  until 
this  day;  while  those  of  the  Willamette  as  tril)e8 
and  nations,  have  long  since  disappeared. 

From  time  to  time  these  missions  of  the 
American  Board  of  Church  and  Foreign  Mis- 
sions were  re-enforced  by  the  addifon  of  a  class 
of  men  and  women  worthy  to  be  what  tiieir 
position  made  them,  founders  of  a  civilization. 
Some  of  the  gentlemen  com|)o8ing  the  mission 
became  most  important  and  honored  instru- 
ments in  the  settlement  of  great  questions  of 
State,  and  iu  the  final  establishment  of  the  in- 
stitutions of  civil  society  here.  Notably  this 
was  true  of  Dr.  Whitman,  the  record  of  whose 
heroic  efforts  to  benefit  Oregon,  as  well  as  of  his 
tragic  death  as  a  martyr  to  his  steadfast  purpose 


of  life,  is  given  elsewhere,  and  need  not  In;  re. 
|H>at<!<l  here.  Like  tiinsi*  wliose  work  in  the 
Willnmetfe  we  have  partially  recoided,  tliiMe 
wen*  among  the  best  of  men.  We  make  no  at 
tempt  to  enshrine  them,  nor  even  to  exalt  them 
ab.  ..■  ifiier  men  who  came  after  them.  Tbev 
h.'id  \  (:  •  .nesses  and  defects,  but  they  are  tint 
weai.ni'wes  of  strong  natures,  tlie  defects  com- 
'  >n  to  iiumanitV'  Without  a  ijnt'stion  any 
iipartial  history  of  the  tim(*s  from  i8;iti  to 
1847,  V'ill  write  tiic  names  of  Whitman,  Spaiild- 
inr  Kl'l  ,  Walker,  Oray,  anil  their  companions 
and  poliiborers  aiiion^  the  few  dozens  ot'  names 
that  were  foremost  in  layini'deep  and  broad  the 
foiindatiini  of  the  great  commonwealth  that  is 
now  what  it  Is,  be  iwti  the  men  whose  lives 
and  work  proje<',ted  it,  were  what  thoy  were. 

The  history  of  the  insiitiition  and  work  of 
the  missions  of  the  Koinan  ('atliolic  Church  in 
Oregon  is  more  difficult  to  trace  than  is  that  of 
the  Methoili.>t  Kpiscopal  Chundi,  or  of  the 
American  Board.  The  reasons  are  obvious  to 
those  who  have  made  the  methods  of  that 
church  at  all  a  study.  Their  work  is  more  dis- 
tinctly  a  church  work  than  is  that  of  any  other 
Ujdy  of  Christian  people.  It  consists  more  ex- 
clusively of  catechetical  instruction,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  certain  forms  of  ritual  observances, 
than  any  other.  There  is  less  publicity  to  it. 
They  do  not  organize  cominunities  with  a  public 
life  outside  of  the  ecclesiastical  and  church  life 
they  inculcate.  Their  missionaries  come  and 
go  unheralded  and  unannounced.  Without  a 
family  life  themselves,  they  appear  for  a  day  or 
a  year,  then  move  forward  and  another  takes  the 
vacated  place.  What  has  been  done  or  has  not 
been  done  is  not  proclaimed,  t^ilent,  self- 
contained,  with  the  air  and  aspect  of  men  who 
are  moved,  instead  of  moving  with  a  self- 
porpose,  except  it  be  a  purpose  to  obey  what  is 
commanded,  they  do  their  work  with  a  patience, 
a  devotion,  a  self-forgetfulness  that  is  worthy 
of  all  praise  as  a  method  of  ecclesiatical  prosely  t- 
ism.  These  methods  and  pecularities  are  not 
mentioned  as  derogatory  to  them,  liiit  only  to 
account  for  the   ditliculty  a  writer  experiences 


06 


II I  STORY    III-    OltKCON. 


i  i;:i 


ill  t'ollowin<;  tlic  lilies  of  their  liistory.  And  it' 
tlicso  pcciiliiritics  rt'iiiier  it  dillicuit  to  do  this 
in  ('>tal)li>lL('il  coiidif ioiiiJ  ol'  society,  tlicy  rt'iider 
it  iiiiicli  more  dillicuit  when  the  lielil  is  siieh  as 
Oref^oii  was  when  tlicy  tMitered  into  it. 

The  Koiiian  ('atholics  were  the  third  to  enter 
the  missionary  field  in  Oregon.  Their  first 
|)iie>t.-,  Kev.  Francis  N.  I!laneiiet  and  Kev. 
Modest  Demiise.  ciiiiie  overland  from  ^rontreal 
wilh  the  re^'tihir  ilndsoirs  liay  E.\|iresSi  reacli- 
inij  Vancouver  on  the  2-l:tli  of  November,  1838. 
They  came  at  the  instance  of  the  Hudson's  Buy 
C(Mn|)any.  Tlii-y  were  I'ritish  sni)jett8,  althoii<;!i 
I'Veiieh  themselves,  and  the  servants  of  the 
lIu<lson's  r.ay  CNMi'piiny  were  mostly  French 
Canadians,  anil  lioiiian  Catholic  in  their  re- 
ligious helief  and  sympathies.  Many  of  these, 
at  first,  received  the  I'rotestaiit  missionaries 
irladly,  am!  attended  upon  their  ministry,  hut 
the  very  presence  of  these  sugfrested  and 
awakened  a  desire  in  their  hearts  for  teachers 
of  their  own  faith.  This  was  hut  natural.  The 
influence  of  these  French  Canadian  subjects  of 
(ireat  I'ritain  over  the  Indians  was  very  fi;reat, 
and  it  was  soon  felt  ajfuinst  the  I'rotestnnt 
missions.  As  we  have  sliown  in  our  chapter  on 
"The  Hudson's  Hay  Company  and  the  Protest- 
ant Missioiif,  "  the  leadinif  men  of  that  com- 
pany did  all  they  could  to  encourage  their 
coming  and  facilitate  their  work  when  here, 
because  they  were  British  subj(>cts,  and  because 
they  were  Roman  Catholics,  and  therefore  most 
against  the  only  .Vmerican  influence  then  in  the 
country— the  I'rotestaiit  missions.  This  they 
had  a  right  to  do,  and  our  duty  is  only  to 
record  it. 

JSut  the  coming  of  the  Iloinan  Catholic  priests 
introduced  an  element  of  discord  and  trouble 
into  th(!  country  that  bore  very  bitter  fruit  in 
after  years,  and  this  seems  the  only  proper  place 
to  fairly  consider  it.  This  we  shall  try  to  do 
both  judiciou-ly  and  judicially,  "with  malice 
toward  none,  with  charity  for  all." 

It  is  necessary  to  ol)serve  that  there  had  been 
no  controversies  between,  nor  because  of,  the 
missions  of  the  A.  15.  C.  i''.  M.  and  those  of  the 


Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  There  were  two 
reasons  for  this.  First,  the  religious  ends  before 
both  were  the  same;  they  were  not  aiming  to 
make  sectaries  vf  the  Indians,  but  to  make 
(Jhristians  of  them.  Second,  they  were  all 
Americans,  aiul  therefore  there  was  no  divisitm 
of  ]>ulitical  or  national  grounds.  The  priests  of 
the  Roman  Church  differed  at  both  these  points, 
ami  that  difference  was  at  the  basis  of  all  the 
bitter  controversies  of  that  period  of  Oregon 
history,  and  of  those  that  have  been  continued 
from  it  down  to  the  jiresent  by  some  writers  on 
both  sides,  a  controversy  into  which  we  shall 
not  enter  further  than  to  state  it  historically. 

It  is  exceeding  diflicult  to  discuss  religious 
differences  so  that  the  discussion  itself  does  not 
become  a  special  plea  on  the  side  of  the  writer 
himself.  It  is  ecpially  difH'iiilt  to  make  such 
discussion  reasonably  intelligent  to  the  un- 
churched reader.     But  we  will  try  to  do  both. 

Of  course  the  original  basis  of  tlio  contro 
versy  wis  tiieological-churchly, — Romanism  vs. 
Protestantism, — wliicli  is  true  and  which  is 
false.  This  we  do  not  debate,  but  it  was  the 
core  of  the  trouble.  Out  of  the  convictions  of 
either  party  and  both  parties  on  this  snliject 
came  their  intense  zeal  and  bitterness  against 
each  other. 

The  Protestant  missions  ami  missionaries 
took  too  much  counsel  of  tl.'eir  prejiulices  and 
desires.  They  did  not  snHicieiitly  consider  that 
the  Romish  priests  had  the  same  rights  in 
the  country,  either  religiously  or  politically,  as 
they  had.  Their  being  first  gave  them  no  pre- 
emptive right  to  control  the  religion  of  the  peo- 
ple. To  a  very  great  degree  they  forgot  or 
ignored  this  very  obvious  and  fundameiital 
principle  of  human  freedom:  consequently  they 
met  the  priests  with  protests  against  their 
presence,  and  probably  a  somewhat  acrimonious 
denunciation  of  their  teachings  and  themselves. 
It  is  very  clear  to  any  candid  reader  of  the  his- 
torical literature  of  this  jieriod  that  such  was 
especially  the  spirit  of  the  missionaries  of  the 
American  Hoard,  as  it  wa.s,  to  a  less  extent,  of 
those  of  the  Methodist  Hoard.    Instances  might 


*f 


"i 


>• 


7C 

r 
> 


> 

n 

5 


r 

< 
> 
H 

O 
X 


> 


C 

^, 
O 
O 


\.i 


It 


I  I 


nisToKT  OF  onuaoN. 


!)T 


be  friven  and  langiiuge  quoted  to  evidence  tliit:, 
but  its  concesBion  by  a  Protestant  writer  is 
sutHcient. 

On  tlie  other  band,  tlie  priests  tnade  i  t  a  special 
pnrpose  to  break  down  and  destroy  the  Protest- 
ant missions.  Instead  of  opening  new  fields  to 
any  considerable  extent,  they  established  their 
missions  almost  by  the  very  doors  of  the  Protest- 
ant missions.  They  declared  it  to  be  their  pnr- 
pose to  antagonize  and  destroy  them.  This  was 
in  entire  consistency  with  their  beliefs  as  church- 
men, and  we  do  not  write  of  it  as  a  crime,  but 
simply  as  a  fact,  leaving  the  reader  to  his  own 
conclusions.  Rev.  F.  N.  IJlancbet,  afterward 
archbiehop  of  Oregon  City,  with  whom  the 
writer  had  a  personal  acquaintance,  wrote  his- 
torically, at  a  later  day,  of  the  work  of  their 
priests  at  that  time,  thus: 

"They  were  to  warn  their  flocks  against  the 
danger  of  seduction,  to  destroy  the  false  im- 
pression already  received,  to  enlighten  and  con- 
firm the  faith  of  the  wavering  and  deceived 
consciences,         *  *  *  a^^j  jt  y^(,g 

enough  for  them  to  hear  that  some  fabe  prophet 
[meaning  Protestant  missionary]  had  penetrated 
into  a  place,  or  intended  visiting  some  locality, 
to  induce  the  missionaries  to  go  there  immedi- 
ately, to  defend  the.  faith  and  keep  error  from 
propagating  itself." 

In  another  place,  and  in  reference  to  the  par- 
ticular mission  of  the  Methodist  Church  at 
Ncsqually,  north  of  the  Columbia  river,  the 
same  eminent  ecclesiastic  wrote: 

"The  first  mission  to  Nesqually  was  made  by 
Father  Demns,  who  celebrated  the  first  mass  in 
the  fort  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  on  April 
22  (183'J),  tiie  day  after  he  arrived.  His  visit 
at  such  a  time  was  forced  \ipon  him  by  the 
establishment  of  a  Methodist  mission  for  the 
Indians.  »  »  *  After  having  given  orders 
to  biiild  a  chapel,  and  said  mass  outside  the 
fort,  he  parted  with  them,  blessing  the  Lord  for 
the  success  of  his  mission  among  the  whites 
and  Indians,  and  reached  Cowlitz  on  Monday, 
the  30th,  with  the  conviction  "that  his  mission 


at  Nesqually  luid  left  a  very  feeble  chance  for  a 
Methodist  mission  there." 

This  statement  of  this  most  influential  and 
controlling  man,  in  regard  to  the  modes  and 
purposes  of  the  work  of  the  Iloman  Catholic 
missions,  certainly  justifies  the  statement  wo 
have  made  in  regard  to  them,  historically. 

y\mong  the  Indians  the  Catholic  missionaries 
were  more  successful  than  the  Protestant,  in  the 
sense  of  gaining  more  adherents.  Their  meth- 
ods and  principles  made  this  inevitable.  AVith 
them  Christians  were  constituted  by  sacraments; 
with  the  Protestants,  by  life.  With  them  bap- 
tism opened  the  door  of  the  kingdom  of  hea- 
ven; with  the  Protestants,  a  renewed  nature. 
The  difference  was  radical,  and  with  uninstruct- 
ed  and  unreasoning  Indians,  altogether  in  favor 
of  Romanists.  The  symbols  and  ceremonies  of 
that  church  were  far  more  alluring  to  the  In- 
dian, easily  approivchable  through  his  sensuous 
organs,  but  harder  to  reach  through  reason  and 
conscience,  than  were  thp  high  idealism  and 
lofty  spirituality  of  Protestant  teaching.  Mr. 
Hlanchet  was  right  when  lie  said:  "The  siglitof 
the  altar  vestments,  sacred  vessels  and  great  cere- 
monies were  drawing  their  attention  a  great 
deal  more  than  the  cold,  unavailable,  long  lay 
services  of  Rrother  Waller;"  and  this  fully  ac- 
counts for  the  greater  influence  of  the  priests 
over  the  Indian  mind.  There  was,  however, 
another  reason  that  should  be  noted,  namely, 
the  influence  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
over  the  Indians,  which  was  very  great  and 
always  favorable  to  the  Romanists,  wiiile  the 
Protestants  were  in  close  affiliation  with  the 
Americans,  indeed,  at  tliis  time  constituted  the 
American  element  of  the  country.  It  can 
hardly  bo  necessary  to  draw  this. parallel  and 
contrast  further. 

From  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  Messrs. 
Biatichet  and  Demus,  in  1838,  priests  continued 
to  arrive  and  scatter  over  the  country.  In 
1847,  nine  years  after  the  first  arrival,  the  Ro- 
man Catholic  Church  had  so  increased  that  Ore- 
gon City  was  constituted  an  Episcopal  k^ee, 
with    Rev.    F.    N.  Illnnohet  as  its  bishop.     The 


I)S 


IIISTOliV    OF    (tREOON. 


total     iimiil.ei'    of    cliTfiyinoii    employed     wag  I  dilferent   parts   of  tlie  uoimtry.      It  can  liardly 

twftity-six,  witli  live  cliurclu's   in    t!ie   Willain-  l)e  needful  to   follow  the  liistory  of  these   inis- 

ette  valley,  three  north  of   the  Coliinihia  river,  \  sions,  as  separate  departments  of  the  life  of  the 

with    quite  a  number  of    Indian    missions   in  I  common  Oregon,  farther. 


-^^M^^'^-  - 


CHAPTER   XI. 
THE  UUDSON'S  BAY  COMPANY.  ,  -^ 

How    CoNSTlTlTKD—  SlK    A  I.KX  ANDER    MaCKKNZIE ATTITUDE    TOWAKP    TIIK    CoU^TRY — ExTKNT    OF 

ITS      Ol'KKATIONS-   -TnK        NoUTII WKSTKUN       CoMl'ANY — UnION      OF       THK      ('oMPANIES — STAKEft 

I'l.AYEi)  FoK — Mk.  .John  MoLalghlin— GuowTn  of  he  Comi-any — Captain  Bonneville 
AND  THE  Hudson's  Bay  Comfanv — Caitain  Wyktii  and  the  Hcdson's  Bay  Company-  — 
Ekkctton  of  Foist  Hall — Ukaoiies  Va.vcouver — Fort  William  Biilt — Sale  to  IIid- 
son's  Bay  Co.mpany — All  Kivalky  Crushed — Rulino  Policy  of  the  Company — State- 
ment OF  A  Chaplain — The  Hudson's  Bay  Company  Socially. 


nilK  Hudson's  Bay  (Company  was  consti- 
tntetl  by  royal  charter,  given  by  Charles 
II  on  the  16th  day  of  May,  1670.  It 
gave  tlie  "  government  and  company  and  their 
Buccessors  the  exclusive  right  to  trade,  fish  and 
hunt  in  the  waters,  bays,  rivers,  lakes  and  creeks 
entering  into  Hudson's  straits,  together  with  all 
the  lands  and  territories  not  already  occupied  or 
granted  to  any  of  the  king's  subjects  or 
possessed  by  the  subjects  of  any  other 
Ciiristiaii  prince  or  state."  The  company 
bad  eighteen  original  incorporators,  at  the  hend 
of  whom  was  Prince  Rupert;  hence  tlie  name 
Rupert's  land  was  once  given  to  that  region. 
The  first  object  of  the  company,  as  named  in  its 
charter,  was  '•  the  discovery  of  a  new  passage 
into  the  South  sen,"  as  the  Pacific  ocean  was 
then  generally  called. 

Some  curious  and  interesting  facts  touching 
the  pretended  ownership  of  the  region  in  which 
these  •'  exclusive  rights"  were  thus  presumptu- 
ously ceded,  appear  both  before  and  after  this 
time.  In  1632,Cliarles  I  of  England  had  resigned 
to  Louis  XIII  of  France  the  sovereignty  of  the 


country,  and  the  French  king  gave  a  charter  to 
a  French  company  who  occupied  it,  and  it  was 
called  Acadia,  or  New  France.  Notwithstand- 
ing Great  Britain,  by  this  act  of  Charles  I,  had 
thus  given  up  its  right  to  the  somewhat  mythi- 
cal region  iiuiiciited,  the  second  Charles  reas- 
serted that  right  in  the  giving  of  t  is  charter 
to  the  Hudson's  'Bay  Company.  Still,  in  the 
terms  of  the  treaty  of  Ryswick,  in  1(597,  twenty- 
seven  years  after  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
received  its  charter,  tlie  whole  country  was  con- 
firmed to  France  by  Great  Britain,  and  no  reser- 
vation of  British  rights,  or  of  the  rights  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  was  made.  This,  at 
the  present  time,  since  all  questions  of  riglits, 
real  or  pretended,  have  l)een  definitely  settled, 
is  of  interest  only  as  showing  upon  what  fJimsy 
pretexts  the  sovereigns  of  western  Europe  as- 
serted ownership  of  vast  regions  of  country  on 
the  American  continent,  and  how  they  used 
these  "  rights  "  as  the  small  change  that  settled 
balances  in  their  accounts  with  each  otiier,  not 
more  than  200  years  ago. 

For  100  years  little  comparatively  of  interest 


BISTOUY    OF    OHKOOy. 


00 


attached  to  the  company,  and  few  i-esnlts  of 
public  iiiiportance  are  recorded.  Something 
\v;i:i  done  in  the  line  of  ge()^rH])hiciil  discovei'les 
in  the  northwestern  parts  of  America,  and  the 
loaders  of  the  company  were  growing  hopeless 
of  the  discovery  of  an  inland  cimniiel  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  About  1778,  Frobislier 
established  a  trading  post  on  lake  Athabasca, 
about  1,200  miles  from  lake  Superior.  Ten 
years  later  it  was  abandoned  and  Fort  Chippe- 
wyan  was  built  on  the  southwest  shore  of  the 
same  water.  From  tliis  post  Sir  Alexander 
Mackenzie  made  an  expedition  down  the  river 
that  bears  his  name,  to  the  Arctic,  and  returned 
in  102  days.  In  the  autumn  of  1791,  he  started 
to  e.vplore  a  route  to  the  South  sea, — the  Pacific 
ocean.  He  ascended  Peace  river  to  its  head  in 
the  Rocky  mountains,  and  in  that  dreary  solitude 
made  his  winter  quarters  with  his  ten  men. 
They  were  snowbound  until  May,  when  they 
resumed  their  jourriey,  and  in  June  came  to  the 
divide,  and  saw  for  the  first  time  the  waters 
tliat  flowed  toward  the  Pacific, — a  sight  that  no 
white  man  had  ever  tefore  beheld.  In  July, 
they  came  in  sight  of  the  sea  and  were  soon 
upon  its  shores.  There,  on  a  bold  rock,  facing 
Asia,  this  great  explorer  painted  in  vermilion 
these  words:  "  Alexander  Mackenzie,  from 
Canada  by  land,  the  twenty-second  of  July,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ninety-three." 
This  was  the  first  expedition  of  white  men 
across  the  coniinent  to  the  Pacific  ocean.  It 
was  a  great  feat,  and  had  in  it  the  presage  of 
great  events,  to  which  our  history  will  soon 
come.  So  valuable  were  his  discoveries  con- 
sidered to  Great  Britain,  that  he  was  rewarded 
for  thorn  by  the  honor  of  knighthood  in  1801. 

Mackenzie  was  a  man  of  far  more  than  or- 
dinary ability.  He  had  a  statesmanlike  grasp 
of  mind,  unconquerable  determination,  clear 
and  penetrating  foresight,  and  by  his  personal 
explanations  and  recommendations  laid  a  foun- 
dation for  much  of  the  subsequent  claims  of 
Great  Britain  to  the  regions  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  to  more  of  the  future  progress 
and  prosperity  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Conipa?iy  on 


that  field.  The  point  ho  reached  on  the  Pacific 
coast  was  within  the  present  limit.-*  of  IJiitish 
Columbia  (latitude  53'  21'),  and  clearly 
within  the  limits  of  the  claim  made  by  the 
United  States,  which  afterward  became  the 
slogan  i)f  a  great  national  party  in  one  of 
the  most  exciting  presidential  contests  in  our 
history,  when  "The  whole  of  Oregon  or  none." 
"  Fifty-Four,  Forty  or  Fight."  streamed  on 
banners  and  vere  shouted  by  the  people  all  over 
the  land.  He  was  the  first  and  ablest  represent- 
atives of  Great  Britain  in  her  quest  for  other 
empire  on  the  American  contiiietit  as  a  compen- 
sation for  that  which  had  been  snatched  fr  <\n 
her  grasp  by  the  American  Revolution,  that  had 
closi'd  but  ton  years  before. 

The  attitude  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Coin|)any 
toward  the  vast  region  over  which  its  charter 
assumed  to  give  authority  was  actually  that  of 
sovereignty.  They  legislated  for  it,  governed 
it,  made  war  and  peace  within  it,  and  all  other 
people  were  I'orbidden  to  "  visit,  haunt,  frequent, 
trade,  traffic,  or  adventure  "  within  it!  There 
was,  of  course,  a  confession  of  allegiance  to  the 
crown  of  Great  Britain,  in  fact  that  their  char- 
ter was  from  it,  but  the  power  of  the  company 
was  practically  absolute.  For  all  these  rights  and 
prerogatives  the  company  was  to  pay  an  an- 
nual revenue  of  "two  elks  and  two  black  beavers," 
to  be  collected  on  the  grounds  of  the  company. 

With  such  uidimited  prerogatives,  in  such  a 
vast  and  productive  field  of  trade,  the  company 
conld  not  but  rapidly  increase  in  wealth  and 
power.  With  these  came  a  gras])ing  avarice 
and  a  bold  and  inexoral)le  spirit.  The  company 
stretched  out  its  arms  like  a  huge  commercial 
octopus,  and  drew  into  itself  all  opposing  and 
rival  interests  from  the  Yukon  to  the  Sacra- 
mento", from  the  Arctic  to  Salt  Lake,  and  from 
the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  mouth  of  the  Colum- 
bia. What  came  in  and  what  went  out  of  the 
country  was  at  its  dictation.  The  Indian  and 
the  European  alike  did  the  bidding  of  the  giant 
monopoly.  Not  to  do  it  was  to  perish.  This 
power  was  reaching  out  and   preparing  to  on- 


I'  I 


100 


niSTOHY    OF    OllKdON. 


fold  in  its  graup  nil  of  tlio   Pacific  coast  from 
American    llussia   to  S[)aiiis]i  California. 

The  original  stock  of  tills  company  was  only 
850,820.  In  tifty  years  it  had  made  ita  stock- 
lioldcre  rich,  hesides  trebling  its  stock  twice  by 
profits  aloni'.  In  1821,  ita  capital  stock  had 
gone  up  to  .S457,380,  and  in  that  year  it  ab- 
sorbed the  Northwest  CompR  .^  of  Montreal, 
with  a  capital  equal  to  its  own. 

The  Northwest  Company  was  the  Canadian 
Britisii  rival  and  competition  of  the  Hudson's 
May  Company.  It  was  organized  by  the  prin- 
cipal increhants  of  ^lontreal  in  1787,  especially 
to  control  and  monopolize  the  fur  trade  over  the 
boundless  forests  of  the  Caiunlas,  and  stretch- 
ing westward  and  northward  along  lakes  Huron 
and  Superior  to  the  chain  of  great  and  small 
lakes,  to  lakes  Winnipeg  and  Athabasca,  and 
along  the  Saskatchewan  and  the  Red  Iliver  of 
the  North,  following  up  the  game  and  the  In- 
dians wherever  they  could  be  fouinl.  Though 
these  were  both  British  companie.'',  yet  the  riv- 
alry and  hostility  between  them  was  as  radical 
as  they  could  have  been  between  either  of  them 
and  any  rival  American  company. 

There  were  many  reasons  for  that  hostility. 
The  Hudson's  IJay  Company  was  the  older  and 
more  powerful,  and  held  letters  patent  from  the 
British  crown,  and  its  organization  and  personnel 
were  more  distinctively  English  than  the  other, 
which  was  largely  of  the  French  Canadian  type. 
I'esides.  the  great  profitableness  of  the  fur 
trade  at  that  time  made  it  a  prize  for  commer- 
cial adventure  cigerly  to  contend  for.  Hence, 
as  th(!  Northwest  Company  was  reaping  a  rich 
harvest  from  its  trade  in  these  retjions.  and  was 
pushing  that  trade  farther  and  farther  west- 
ward and  soutiuvard  and  northward,  tlie  Hud- 
son's I'ay  Com|)any  l)egan  to  set  up  rival  estab- 
lishments and  |)lace  I'lval  trades  by  the  side  of 
theirs.  Personal  friendship  could  not  long 
continue  when  fonimereial  interei-.s  came  into 
such  sii!ir|)  competition.  The  result  was  open 
war  between  the  two  companies.  Forts  were 
ca])tnre(l,  prisoners  taken  and  held  in  ca|itivity, 
nations  of  the  same  country  and  snly'ects  of  the 


same  king.  Earl  Selkirk,  of  the  Hudson's  Hay 
Company,  resolved  to  establish  a  colony  of 
Scotch  and  Irish  Hudson's  hay  people  on  the 
lied  river,  where  was  the  great  depot  of  the 
Northwest  Company,  and  which  that  company 
considered  its  own  ground.  His  first  attempt 
was  a  partial  failure,  but  he  was  skillful  and  de- 
termined enough  to  detach  some  of  the  most 
important  partisans  of  the  Northwest  Company 
from  its  service,  and  to  unite  them  to  that  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  Among  them 
was  Colin  Robertson,  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful traders  and  astute  administrators  of  the 
company,  to  whom  lie  committed  the  control  of 
the  interests  of  the  Hu<lson's  Bay  Company  in 
all  that  region.  He  pursued  a  most  vigorous 
policy  against  the  company  with  which  he  was 
so  lately  identified.  The  colony  at  Red  river 
was  re-established.  This  only  intensified  the 
strife,  and  finally  led  to  several  severe  battles, 
in  one  of  which  Governor  Seniple  of  tlie  Red 
river  colony  and  five  other  officers  of  the  colony 
and  fifteen  men  were  killed.  The  resnlt  of 
these  conflicts,  on  the  whole,  was  favorable  to 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  but  they  left  the 
companies  exhausted,  and  in  1821,  to  save  any- 
thing from  the  wreck  of  the  conflict,  the  com- 
panies amalgamated,  and  the  name  of  the 
Northwest  Company  was  lost,  all  becoming  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

The  strongest  play  of  this  now  twice-grown 
giant  for  the  heaviest  stakes  was  yet  to  be  cast. 
While  in  London  and  in  Washington  diplomats 
were  debating,  and  governments  trying  to  foil 
each  other  by  a  play  of  technicalities,  this  giant 
corporation  was  nurturing  all  its  powers  and 
gathering  up  all  its  resources  ready  to  cast  them 
into  the  scale,  when  at  last  the  contending  na- 
tions should  poise  the  beam  for  a  last  decision. 
Its  play  was  first  for  itself,  after  that  for  Great 
Britain,  but  always  against  America. 

What  this  company  first  desired  was  to  hold 
the  country  over  which  it  ruled  with  such  abso- 
lute sway  in  its  old  condition  of  barbarism.  It 
had  no  instinct  of  civilization  in  it.  It  cared 
nothing  for  humanity — for  man —only  as  man 


HISTORY    OF    OliEdON. 


lol 


could  lio  iiiado  a  inaehiiie  for  tlm  jisd  of  its 
inoiioy-inaking  fffced.  For  its  purposes  a  stolid 
and  unreasoning  Indian,  with  bow  and  steel- 
trap,  roaniin<;  the  hills  or  trapping  the  water 
courses  for  bear  or  beaver,  was  worth  far  more 
than  the  scholar  in  the  schoolroom,  or  the  plow- 
man in  the  field.  The  Indian's  wigwam  was 
better  than  marble  palaces.  The  silent  prow 
of  the  birchen  canoe  was  far  more  to  be  desired 
than  tlie  rush  and  roar  of  the  wheels  of  the 
steamer.  The  sharp  crack  of  the  hnntsman's 
rille  in  the  dark  forest  was  far  more  musical  to 
their  ears  than  the  roar  of  the  paved  streets  of 
the  metropolis.  All  these,  and  everything  kin- 
dred to  these,  were  what  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany thus  songht  for  itself. 

Let  the  reader  pause  a  little  here  and  remem- 
ber that  the  region  tliis  company  was  thus  en- 
deavoring, by  the  unscrupulous  use  of  all  its 
power,  to  save  to  itself,  and  for  that  end  to  keep 
in  its  old  barbaric  state,  was  all  that  wonderful 
land  in  which  now  the  four  great  States  of  the 
American  Union — -Oregon,  Washington,  Mon- 
tana and  Idaho — then  all  called  Oregon — now 
hold  a  population,  a  wealth  and  a  culture  greater 
than  the  entire  thirteen  States  at  the  close  of  the 
Itevolution.  Let  him  add  to  this  all  of  British 
Columbia,  itself  a  very  empire  of  prosperous  and 
cultivated  civilization,  and  he  will  see  for  what 
enormous  stakes  this  powerful  company  was 
playing  its  desperate  game  from  the  time  of  its 
union  with  the  Northwest  Company  for  at  least 
a  quarter  of  a  century.  Surely  the  prize  for 
which  it  struggled  was  well  worth  all  its  ven- 
tures. 

Next  to  the  keeping  of  the  country  for  its 
own  purposes  of  trade,  it  was  the  wish  of  this 
company  to  put  enough  vested  interests  in  it  to 
swing  the  scale  of  ultimate  ownership  in  favor 
of  Great  Britain.  Indeed  it  early  became  ap- 
parent to  the  company  that  this  was  the  only 
means  of  saving  it  to  itself.  Of  disinterested 
patriotism — country  for  country's  sake — it  had 
none.  Notwithstanding  many  of  its  leaders  and 
managers  were  eminent  in  abilities,  and  even 
high    in   the  confidence  of  the  English  govern- 


ment, they  lived  and  wrought  and  wrote  with 
this  ultimate  end  forever  in  view,- -sui)ordinat- 
ing  country  to  company  and  patriotism  to  pelf. 

We  do  not  mean  to  say  that  in  this  these 
men  were  worse  than  other  men.  They  were 
like  other  men;  and  in  their  vui'y  t'aithfulni'ss 
to  the  ends  for  which  their  company  existed 
there  was  much  that  the  historian  must  admire, 
though  he  may  not  commend  the  end  for  which 
thoy  so  strongly  strove.  No  company's  affairs 
were  ever  more  ably  administered,  nor  were 
means  ever  more  wisely  adapted  to  ends,  than 
here.  The  agents  of  the  company  were  every- 
where, watchful,  vigilant;  friends,  if  friendtliip 
woidd  serve  their  purposes  best,  but  enemies  us 
readily  as  friends,  if  enmity  better  secured  the 
bject  for  which  the  company  existed.  Such 
was  the  Hudson's  Bay  CompaTiy  wiien  history 
brings  us  to  the  verge  of  the  decisive  conflict  of 
diplomacy,  almost  of  arms  for  the  ultimate 
ownership  of  Oregon. 

With  the  union  of  the  Hudson's  May  Com- 
pany  with  the  Northwest  Company  in  1821, 
there  came  into  the  consolidated  and  greatly  en- 
larged Hudson's  Bay  Company  a  gentleman 
destined  to  a  larger  place  and  greater  influence 
in  its  history,  and  the  history  of  the  country  for 
a  full  quarter  of  a  century,  than  any  other  man. 
It  was  Dr.  John  McLaughlin.  The  position  lie 
occupied  and  the  influence  he  exerted  in  the 
country  fully  justifies  us  in  pausing  in  the  midst 
of  our  story  to  give  some  brief  characterization 
of  this  historic  personage. 

Ur.  John  McLaughlin  was  by  birth  a  Cana- 
dian, by  blood  a  Scotch-Englishman.  He  was 
an  educated  pliysician,  and  early  entered  the 
service  of  the  Northwest  Fur  Company  as 
such,  and  served  in  that  capacity  at  Winni- 
peg. Such  wiis  his  zeal  and  intelligence,  how- 
ever, that  he  exercised  a  very  commanding  in- 
fluence over  the  counsels  of  the  company,  and 
at  length  when  his  company  was  merged  into  the 
Hudson's  Bay,  he  became  a  factor  in  that  com- 
pany, in  which  his  abilities  received  their  legiti- 
mate appreciation,  and  he  was  made  gjjvernor 
of  all  its  territory    and    business    west    of   the 


102 


in  STORY    OF    OHEaON. 


Rocky  mountains.  Tin's  iniido  him  practically 
ii  (lictiitiii'  in  u  country  twelve  liiindrcd  miles 
ii)nif  and  a  thonsimd  miles  hrnad. 

In  ])erson  Dr.  McLiiuf^hlin  wii.s  oC  most  iiTi- 
posini^  mien.  lie  stood  six  feet  and  three 
inches  in  his  >'  moccasins,"  for  he  wore  the  In- 
dian moccasin  j^enerally  to  the  end  of  his  life  — 
was  erect  as  a  fir  tree,  and  moved  with  a  stately 
and  even  nnijestic  tread.  Ilis  face  was  full  and 
florid  and  cleanly  shaven,  and  his  eye  a  clear  blue. 
Whei  the  writer's  personal  acquaintance  with 
him  hejcan,  in  185.'?,  his  full  hair  was  like  a  silver 


DR.  .lOllN   .McL.VrciUI.lN. 

crown,  and  worn  full  and  flowing,  reaching 
nearly  to  his  shoulders,  and  iiis  eye  had  yet  a 
quick  and  diuting  Are.  Ilis  movements  were 
ilecisive.  il'  not  quick.  His  voice  in  ordinary 
conveisalion  was  low,  and  his  speech  somewhat 
slow,  hut  when  excited  it  rang  sharply  and  de- 
cisively out,  like  that  of  a  man,  who  was  accus- 
tomed to  his  own  way  in  all  that  he  cared  to  do 
at  all.  The  writer  was  then  a  young  man,  jnst 
entering  upon  his  life-work  in  Oregon,  while 
Dr.  McLauj^rhlin  had  then,  for  some  years,  been 
a  private  citizen;  lint  his  appearance  was  so  ven- 
erable and  august,  his  position  in    the  country 


had  been  so  commanding  and  his  history  so 
remarkable,  that  he  seemed  to  my  imagination 
the  nuist  impressing  personality  1  hail  ever  he- 
held.  To  this  day  I  doubt  whether  a  more  im- 
posing physical  presence  ever  walked  the  streets 
of  this  great  Northwest  than  that  of  Dr.  John 
Mcl^aughlin. 

Iiis  character  was  .t-  marked  (m  his  presonc 
lie  had  a  very  higli  sense  of  personal  hon' 
and  his  integrity  was  beyond  question.  Hew,  s 
generous  and  humane  to  an  unusual  degree. 
Quite  a  number,  now  among  the  wealthy  and 
distinguished  citizens  of  Oregon,  owe  their  flrst 
commercial  positions  in  the  trade  of  this  coast 
to  his  helpful  hand.  And,  after  the  acrimonies 
arising  from  the  position  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  of  which  he  was  governor,  as  the 
overweening  inono|)oly  of  the  coast  have  passed 
largely  out  of  the  personal  remembrance  of 
the  people,  and  Dr.  McLaughlin  is  remembered 
only  as  the  man  and  the  citizen  that  he  ap- 
peared after  he  closed  his  connection  with  that 
gigantic  corporation.  There  is  no  name  held  in 
higher  veneration  by  the  citizens  of  Oregon 
than  his. 

With  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  the  period 
from  1821  to  1833  was  an  era  of  growth,  and 
yet  of  consolidation.  Nothing  occurred  to  dis- 
turb the  equanimity  of  its  rule.  Its  power 
touched  every  center  and  circumference  of  the 
vast  territory  of  its  operations.  True,  some 
American  fur  companies,  like  that  of  Sublette, 
Smith  and  Bridger,  or  some  independent  traders 
and  trappers  like  Bonneville  and  Wyeth,  now 
and  then  ventured  over  the  line  of  its  assumed 
rights  along  the  gorges  of  the  Rocky  nioiiutains, 
but  it  had  only  to  speak  and  they  disappeared. 
Even  before  this  era  it  had  absorbed  Astor's 
company,  as  we  have  before  noticed.  It  would 
extend  this  portion  of  our  work  unduly  were  we 
to  follow  in  detail  the  adventures  of  the  gentle- 
men and  servants  of  this  company  through  this 
decade  of  its  greatest  power  and  prosperity. 
During  this  time  the  Mplomatic  debate  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  as  to  the 
ownershij)    of    Oregon    |)assed    through    many 


HTSTOIIY    OF    Olih'OON. 


\m 


cliaiigeH,  but  soemfil  not  to  Hilviinc«  towiird  any 
settlement.  IJoth  pftrties  were  claiinHnts  of  tlie 
country,  1>nt  Irotli  were  wary,  procrastinatiiif^, 
and  tearful  of  a  final  tender  of  terinw.  Grciit 
Britain  swined  to  have  justest  reaaon  to  post- 
pone decision.  The  Hudson's  Iky  (!oiiipany 
was  Hritish.  It  held  the  situation  with  a  grasp 
it  seemod  nothing  could  unloose.  Its  brigades 
of  hoats  were  on  every  stream  and  its  hunters 
and  trappers  on  every  trail.  There  were  liter- 
ally none  to  oppose  them.  Their  small  but  won- 
derful circle  of  leaders  like  Simpson,  McLangh- 
li/i  and  Douglas,  were  planning  with  marvelous 
foresight  and  ability  to  retain  for  England  wliat 
their  former  enterprise  and  courage  had  apj)ar- 
ently  gained, — all  the  Pacific  coast  from  Cali- 
foi'uir.  to  the  Russian  possessions, — a  region  they 
wtdl  knew  to  be  among  the  fairest  and  most 
fruitful  on  the  globe.  They  held  a  first  mort- 
gage— that  of  possession  upon  it.  But  give 
them  time  and  they  would  do  the  rest.  So  dip- 
lomacy waited  upon  possession,  trusting  that 
might  would  make  right,  and  the  young  repub- 
lic on  the  Atlantic  shore  would,  in  some  criti- 
cal and  nervous  hour,  surrender  to  power  what 
was  clearly  her  right  in  law.  But  both  Britain 
and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  left  out  of 
their  account  the  most  decisive  element— deter- 
mination of  history,  aa  we  shall  subsequently 
see.  Meanwhile  the  relations  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  with  competitors  in  its  field, 
whether  associated  or  individual,  require  some 
consideration. 

Subsequent  to  the  defeat  of  the  grand  project 
of  .Fohn  Jacob  Astor,  as  already  related,  the  ex- 
pedition of  Captain  Bonneville  was  the  first  that 
held  within  itself  any  real  threat  to  the  suprem- 
acy of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  in  the  region 
now  known  as  Oregon.  As  it  seems  needful 
to  maintain  the  continuity  of  history,  and  en- 
able our  readers  to  understand  the  latent,  as  well 
as  the  obvious,  causes  that  finally  wrought  out 
the  history  of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  to  give 
some  brief  account  of  that  expedition,  a  few 
sentences  regarding  Captain  Bonneville  here 
will  be  acceptable  to  tiie  reader: 


He  was  of  P'rench  parentage,  born  in  the  city 
of  New  York  about  the  close  of  the  Amuricau 
Revolution.  He  inherited  all  the  Krencli  vola- 
tility and  fervor  of  imagination,  though  it  was 
disciplined  in  his  cai'ly  years  by  mathematical 
studies.  He  was  educated  in  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  from  wliicli 
lie  entered  the  army,  and  was  for  a  num..er  of 
years  stationed  on  the  far  western  frontier.  The 
inactive  and  uneventful  life  of  a  soldier  in  time 
of  peace  ill  suited  his  active  and  adventurous 
temperament,  and  naturally  his  eyes  turned  to- 
ward the  unexplored  regions  of  the  Rocky 
mountains  as  the  field  offering  incident  and  ex- 
citement enough  to  gratify  his  ambition.  He 
obtained  leave  of  absence  from  the  army,  and 
secured  from  the  major-general  commanding  it, 
from  the  secretary  of  war  and  from  the  presi- 
dent more  than  a  quasi-indorsement  of  his 
j)lans.  He  succeeded  in  interesting  with  him- 
self Alfred  Seaton,  of  New  York,  a  gentleman 
of  high  respectability  and  influence,  and  formed 
an  association  with  adequate  means  for  the 
prosecution  of  his  expensive  project.  Mr.  Sea- 
ton  was  the  more  ready  to  aid  Captain  Bonne- 
ville from  having  been  associated  with  Mr. 
Astor's  enterprise,  and  was  one  of  the  patriotic 
American  youths  who  were  at  Astr)ria  at  the 
timeof  its  surrender  to  the  British.  He  hoped 
to  contribute  to  the  raising  again  of  the  flag  of 
his  own  country  on  the  shores  of  the  Columbia. 
Captain  Bonneville  was  also  on  close  terms 
with  Mr.  Astor  himself. 

Prepared  for  his  adventurous  expedition, 
Captain  Bonneville  found  himself  in  the  early 
spring  of  1832  on  the  western  frontier  at  Fort 
Osage,  Missouri,  when  he  enlisted  a  force  of 
110  men,  mostly  experienced  in  the  craft  of  the 
plains  and  mountains,  and  ready  for  any  enter- 
prise of  profit  or  danger.  On  the  Ist  of  May  of 
that  year  he  began  his  march  westward. 

To  Captain  Bonneville  belongs  the  historic 
distinction  of  first  conducting  wagons  to  and 
over  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  This 
was  a  distinct  gain  for  civilization,  as  it  intro- 
duced civilized   methods  of  locomotion    in  the 


lOl 


ri/srony  oh'  ouKOoti. 


nhu'c  ot'tlidSuof  tlic  l)!irliiii'i)UH  Imliaii  or  tlii'uliiti' 
iiiiuiuidiM'.  Tlicsu  tii'st  iiii'iiiit  (!very  siicL't'ciliii)^ 
wlici'l  of  trader  or  ciiiigrniit  or  locomotive;  and, 
tlioiij^h  till'  world  did  not  sec  it.  tliey  meant 
Oref^on  for  the  Americans  instead  ot"  the 
Knglish. 

The  excitiiipj  adventures  of  his  journey  west- 
ward cannot  he  followcil  here.  II is  route  was 
across  the  then  unjiathcd  solitudes  where  now 
are  the  wonderful  States  of  Kansas  and  Ne- 
braska, and  he  opened  for  wajjons  the  identical 
road  traveled  hy  emigrants  from  western  Mis- 
sonri  to  Oregon  until  the  rail-car  displaced  the 
ox-wairon.  nearly  forty  years  after  he  had  pio- 
neered the  way.  From  the  1st  of  May  to  the 
24th  of  Julyjiis  long  cavalcade  of  wagons  and 
horsemen  moved  slowly  westward  and  upward. 
At  nofjii  of  that  day  he  was  beyond  the  divide 
of  the  Kocky  mountains  and  encamped  on  a 
branch  of  (ireen  river,  then  called  Sceds-Keo 
Agio,  or  Sai^o  lien  river.  On  the  27tli  of  July 
lie  reached  Green  river — the  "rendezvous"  of 
the  trappers  and  traders  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
foi' tliat  year, — at  least  a  liundred  miles  within 
the  limits  of  Oregon  as  the  maps  then  described 
it. 

lie  had  now  entered  a  region  of  indescribably 
wild  and  broken  mountain  ranges,  and  henco 
he  determined  here  to  abandon  his  wagons — 
the  tii'st,  we  repeat,  even  to  pass  the  gates  of  the 
ftocky  mountains — and  on  the  22d  of  August 
j)aeked  his  horses  and  began  his  nnirch  still 
wostsvard,  having  selected  the  valley  of  Salmon 
river,  near  where  Salmon  City,  in  Idaho,  is  now 
situated,  as  the  place  for  his  winter's  canton- 
ment. 

A  full  year  was  spent  in  the  region  contiguous 
to  this  |)hu'e,  and  the  following  December  he 
established  his  winter  quarters  on  rhe  Portneuf 
river.  I'nt  his  main  purpose  in  coniing  to  the 
mountains  was  yet  unfulfilled.  When  all  was 
settled  for  his  people  in  tlieir  winter  encamp- 
ment, with  three  trusted  and  hearty  mountain- 
eers, he  mounted  his  horse  on  Christmas  morn- 
ing of  1833,  for  an  expedition  of  great  peril,  as 
well   as   of  great  historic   importance,  namely, 


to  penetrate  the  lilue  moiintiiins,  visit  the 
establishments  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  ('ompany 
on  the  Columbia  river,  an<i  gain  such  informa- 
tion as  he  could  of  the  country  itself  and  of  the 
great  company  thiit  controlled  it. 

There  is  a  temj)tation  to  the  pen  of  the  writer 
to  follow  this  wonderful  midwinter  journey  of  tiiis 
wonderfully  resolute  ex|)lorer  down  the  storm- 
swept  plains  of  the  Snake  river,  amid  the  snow- 
clad  summits  of  the  Blue  mountains,  across  the 
alway  interesting  "(irande  Ilonde"  valley,  then 
along  a  devious  way  aiiiong  the  heiglits  of 
"  Iinmaho,"  as  IJonneville  writes  it,  and  finally, 
having  scaled  these  icy  pinnacles  into  the  valley 
of  the  Columbia  and  to  Fort  Walla  Walla,  the 
chief  post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  on  the 
Columbia  river  east  of  the  Cascade  mountains; 
but  sp.ice  forbids  the  thrilling  recount. 

Captain  Bonneville  reached  Fort  Walla  AValla 
on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1834.  Though  re- 
ceived politely,  as  a  man,  by  Mr.  I'ambrun,  in 
charge  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  when 
he  sought  to  purchase  some  supplies  for  his  re- 
turn journey  to  the  Portneuf,  he  was  plainly 
told  lie  could  have  nothing.  The  policy  of  that 
company  was  to  discourage  all  trade  and  all 
traders  but  its  own.  While  Captain  Bonneville 
was  a  guest  he  could  have  food  and  polite  at- 
tention as  such,  but  when  Captain  Bonneville 
was  on  the  trail,  a  trader  representing  an  Amer- 
ican interest,  he  was  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany a  foe,  and  it  were  better  to  that  great 
British  corporation  if  he  perished  than  if  he 
lived.  He  could  therefore  have  nothing.  Piqued 
and  irritated,  and  disdaining  to  receive  courtesies 
as  a  man  that  were  forbidden  him  asan  American, 
on  the  (5th  day  of  March,  having  received  the 
hospitality  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  only 
two  days,  lie  set  out  on  his  return  to  his  people 
in  the  valley  of  Snake  river.  After  many  vicis- 
situdes among  the  snows  of  the  Blue  mountains 
he  reached  the  place  of  their  encampment  on 
the  Ist  of  June. 

The  result  of  this  exploration  of  Captain  Bon- 
neville was  to  satisfy  him  of  two  thing.-:  First, 
that   an   American  trade   could     ]-rofitat)ly     be 


U/HTOHr    OF    oliKllltN. 


10.-) 


tl 


opened  in  tlio  vnlloy  of  tlio  Coliiinliin;  and,  bo(!- 
uikI,  ^llml  any  hiiuIi  attempt  wouUl  meet  tlie 
dutcrinined  anil  niiscriipnlons  up|)(itiition  of  tlio 
Jlmlaon's  May  ('onipaiiy.  Future  events  denion- 
Btratud  that  in  tlut  first  judgnuMit  lie  was  mis- 
taken, wliile  in  the  second  lie  was  iinliuppily 
correct.  Still  such  was  the  convietion  of  his 
own  mind  that,  one  year  later,  he  prepared  to 
put  his  oiiinioiis  to  the  test  by  u  second  visit  to 
the  Ooluinhia  at  the  head  of  a  tradinj^  company 
of  twenty-three  men.  lie  left  his  encampment 
on  Hear  river  on  the  Sid  day  of  -Fuly,  1834.  ai^aiii 
traversed  the  dreary  plains  of  Snake  river,  jieiio- 
trated  the  IJlue  mountains  near  the  line  of  the 
old  "oinif^rant  road"  and  reached  the  Umatil- 
la river  (called  "  Ottolais  "'  by  him)  al)out  the 
middle  of  September.  I5eing  now  within  thirty 
miles  of  Fort  Walla  Walla,  he  sent  forward  a 
detachment  of  his  company  to  jirocure  food,  as 
lie  was  in  danger  of  famine.  They  met  with  a 
peremptory  refusal  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany, who  added  to  the  inhospitality  of  refusing 
food  for  the  almost  famishing  camp,an  attempt  to 
seduce  the  men  from  tlio  service  of  Captain  Hon- 
nevillo  by  most  tempting  offers  of  employment  if 
they  would  abandon  his  employ.  They  refused, 
anil  returned  to  the  camp  of  the  Captain  empty- 
haiuled.  lie  instantly  broke  up  his  camp,  fol- 
lowed down  the  Umatilla  river  to  the  Columbia, 
and  endeavored  to  open  a  trade  with  the  Indians 
for  fish  and  other  food,  but  the  lludeon's  Bay 
Company  had  forbidden  them  to  hold  any  com- 
munication with  the  Americans,  and  they  kept 
almost  entirely  out  of  his  sight.  He  endeavored 
to  force  his  way  down  the  Columbia  river  to  the 
Willamette,  where  he  intended  to  establish  his 
winter  (juarters,  but  it  was  everywhere  the  same; 
not  a.i  article  of  provisions  could  be  obtained. 
To  keep  his  men  from  starvation  two  of  his' 
horses  were  killed  for  food.  Hut  to  unhorse  his 
company  even  to  sustain  life  here  was  certainly 
to  lose  all  their  lives.  An  enemy  he  could  not 
see  confronted  him  everywhere,  and  inhospitable 
Nature  seemed  in  league  with  that  enemy  to  de- 
stroy him.  The  reader  need  not  be  told  that 
that  unseen   enemy  was  the  dread   and  deadly 


influence  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  poJBon- 
ingtlie  siiripicions  and  timiil  minds  of  the  In- 
dians against  all  that  was  American.  The  way 
before  him  to  the  Willamette  was  unknown. 
That  valley  itself  was  only  a  fable  to  his  iiieii 
lovely  and  rich  indeed  as  a  fable,  but  they  (lare<l 
not  venture  farther.  Nothing  seemed  to  remain 
to  him  but  a  hasty  return  to  the  Hliie  mouMtains, 
whore  deer  and  elk  could  bo  found  for  food,  or 
deailiby  starvation  on  thedriving  Columbia  sand. 
The  alternative  of  return  and  life  was  chosen,  and 
reluctantly  he  faced  his  com|)aiiy  i<astward  for 
the  mountains.  Thus  Uonneville's  struggle  to 
establish  an  American  traffic  on  the  Columbia  in 
opposition  to  the  llui'.>on's  I'ay  Company  ended 
in  utter  failure.  i'"ew  among  the  men  of  the 
mountains  and  plains  at  that  time  had  the  cour- 
age and  caution  and  will  of  Bonneville,  and 
where  he  failed  none  need  liojie  to  succeed. 

In  subsequent  years  Bonneville,  then  a  major 
in  the  United  States  Army,  was  put  in  coiii- 
niand  of  the  troops  of  the  United  States  stationed 
at  the  old  Hudson's  Bay  post  of  Vancouver,  and 
there  the  writer  met  and  conversed  with  him  in 
the  autumn  X853.  Suave,  intelligent  and 
filled  with  pioneer  memories,  and  delighting  to 
recount  the  incidents  of  his  three  years  in  the 
mountains  of  eastern  Oregon  from  1832  to  1835, 
where,  though  ostensibly  a  mere  trader,  he  was 
tliere  really  under  the  sanction  of  the  president 
of  the  United  States  as  an  observer  of  the  atti- 
tudes and  power  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company, 
the  rejiresentative  and  embodiment  of  the  Brit- 
ish Government  in  Oregon. 

After  the  power  of  the  Hudson's  J3ay  Com- 
pany had  com|)as8ed  the  defeat  of  Bonneville's 
well-laid  schemes,  the  next  to  try  his  prow- 
ess against  it  was  Mr.  Nathaniel  J.  Wyeth,  ot 
Cambridge,  Mat^sachusetts.  Indeed,  Mr.  Wy- 
eth's  adventure  was  partly  contemporaneous 
with  Captain  Bonneville's,  though  its  disastrous 
culmination  was  somewhat  later.  Like  all  men 
who  assay  such  gigantic  undertakings,  Mr. 
Wyeth  was  ardent,  enthusiastic,  determined  and 
capable  of  inspiring  others  with  his  own  spirit.' 
In    1832   he  organiiied  an  emigrating  company 


IM 


lllSTOltY    I  IF    (illKUOS. 


of  twiMity  two  perHorm  in  Mn8r>nc)ineotts,  tor  the 
|)iir|i(»fio  of  pi'ouetMlin^  to  Orcf^on,  nnd,  toj^etluM' 
with  tli.'U  of  L'stiilili>liiiij{  It  tnidi'  with  tiie  In- 
ilinii)«,  occupy  portioiiH  of  tliu  country  m  set- 
tlers. 

Willi  thin  company  hn  Httirlcil  wciitwiird. 
Knowing  little  of  the  prncticul  life  on  the 
frontier,  it  wnH  not  until  thoy  rcaiihod  St.  Louin 
nnii  licf^an  to  come  into  contact  with  nucli  inen 
ns  the  Suhlettes  that  the  true  <'liaracter  and 
great  ditHculty  of  the  undertaking  hegan  to 
dawn  upon  their  mimlM.  Some  of  liiri  party 
turned  hack,  hut  Mr.  VVyeth  was  made  of  hardy 
HtufV',  and  with  others  he  punhed  forward,  and 
linally  reached  the  Coliimhia  river  and  Vancou- 
ver; and,  having;  made  nsoniuwliat  cursory  oxam- 
ination  of  the  country,  and  being  greatly  im- 
pressed with  its  beauty  and  resources,  returned 
to  I'oston  and  imniediat(>ly  entered  on  prepara- 
tions to  forward  a  ship  load  of  suitable  mer- 
chandise the  followiiii^  year  for  the  (3olunil)ia, 
while  he,  with  an  associated  company  of  men, 
should  return  to  Oregon  by  land  and  enter  the 
list  of  competition  with  the  Hudson's  Ray 
Company  in  the  very  center  of  its  power. 

In  coniiection  with  this  journey  of  Mr.  Wy- 
eth  occurred  an  event  that  inci<lentally  illus- 
trated the  ability  and  disposition  of  the  Hud- 
son's I'ay  Company  to  do  anything  at  any  cost 
necessary  to  control  the  trade  of  all  the  West. 
It  was  this: 

On  his  return  eastward  the  year  before,  Mr. 
Wyetli  had  entered  into  a  contract  with  one  of 
the  Sublettes  in  the  Itocky  monntains  for  the 
delivery  of  a  large  invoice  of  inerchandiae  at  the 
rendezvous  of  the  following  year,  Mr.  Wyeth, 
true  to  his  part  of  the  contract,  brought  forward 
the  goods  and  had  them  at  the  rtndezvous  on 
Green  river  the  latter  part  of  June.  Mr.  Sub- 
lette is  said  to  have  violated  his  part  of  tl:e  con- 
tract under  the  urgent  advice  of  others,  and  Mr. 
Wyeth  found  himself  in  the  middle  of  the  con- 
tinent with  a  large  invoice  of  merchandise,  for 
which  he  had  no  market.  He  was  highly  and 
justly  indignant,  and  told  Mr.  Sublette  and  his 
associates,  who  were  trying  to  monopolize  the 


American  trade  with  tlie  Indians,  that  he  "  woidd 
roll  a  stone  into  their  garden  that  thoy  would 
not  lu^  aiile  to  get  rid  of."  lie  ininuMliately 
packed  his  goods,  went  on  westward  a  few  days' 
journey  afid  erected  Fort  Hall,  where  he  do- 
posite(l  his  goods  and  opent^d  a  trade  with  the 
Indians  and  mountain  uumi.  The  Hudson's 
Hay  Company  immedintely  estdblished  Fort 
hoise,  farther  down  Smike  river,  as  a  rival  to 
Fort  Hall.  Unable  to  cope  with  that  company, 
Mr.  Wyeth  accepted  an  otl'er  from  it  for  the 
purchase  of  Fort  Hall, and  thus  in  a  few  months 
fulfilled  his  justifiable  threat  to  Mr.  Sublette  and 
his  associates  by  installing  the  Hudson's  Hay 
Company  several  hundred  miles  farther  east 
on  Snake  river  than  it  had  ever  established  a 
post  before.  No  rival  could  stand  before  that 
company  west  of  the  summits  of  the  Rocky 
mountains. 

This  done,  Mr.  Wyeth  proceeded  westward  to 
Vancouver  to  await  the  arrival  of  his  vessel,  the 
brig  May  Dacre,  that  was  expected  in  Septem- 
ber. In  due  time  she  arrived,  anchored  in  the 
lowest  mouth  of  the  Wiilanietto  river,  and  be- 
gan discharging  her  cargo  on  Wapatoo,  now 
Sauvies,  island,  where  Mr.  Wyeth  erected  a 
trading  post  called  Fort  William,  in  which  he 
deposited  his  goods,  and  where  he  assayed  to 
open  up  a  traffic.  His  position  was  both  well 
and  poorly  chosen.  It  was  central  to  the 
lower  Columbia  and  to  the  tribes  that  dwelt  up- 
on its  banks,  who  traveled  mostly  in  canoes.  It 
was  easy  of  access  from  the  tribes  of  the 
Willamette.  It  was  where  seagoing  craft 
could  easily  reach  it.  But  it  was  within  fifteen 
miles  of  Vancouver,  the  headquarters  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  in  immediate 
rivalry  with  its  most  astute  and  accomplished 
leaders.  In  this  respect  his  location  was  poorly 
chosen,  and  a  very  short  time  made  it  necessary 
for  him  here,  as  at  Fort  Hall,  to  accfept  the  best 
terms  he  could  obtain  of  that  company  and 
abandon  his  enterprise,  and  even  the  country 
itself.  Mr.  Wyeth,  in  a  memorial  to  Goiigresj 
on  the  Oregon  question  in  1839,  says  of  that 
company:     "  Experience  has  satislied   lue  that 


m 


llltiTOUr    (>/■■    liHKdOX. 


vn 


l!;o  entire  weif;li»  of  timt  conipniiy  will  Im  iim<l« 
til  l)UHi'  on  Hny  triulci'  wlio  hIiiiII  iitteiiipt  to 
jji'dscciito  iii«  luifinesrt  witiiiii  itH  rfncii.  *  * 
*  No  dooiior  (loot*  nn  Anu'iiciiii  concern  utiirt 
in  tliii>  n'^ion  than  one  of  itrt  triulin^  |iiirticK  \» 
put  in  motion.  A  few  ytmrn  will  make  the 
country  wt>st  of  tii«  inonntitiim  a«  completely 
lMi).'liHli  iiH  timy  Clin  duHire." 

With   tliis  complete  failnn:  of  Mr.  WyethV   ' 
eiiterpriHc  turmitiateil  tlu<  iHHt  orjjuni/.ed   effort    j 
of  American    (raders  to  cetaliliitli  ii  BncceHsfnl   [ 
rival  to  the  IIuflMon's  May  ('om|iany  in  ()rei;on. 
either  for  triwic  or  the  protection  of   Ainuricrtn 
interenlH,    and  the    advanc<«inent    of   American    ! 
claims  to  the  country   itself;  and    IS34   closed    i 
and  IHiio  was  ushered  in  with    Uritisli  suprem- 
ncy  represented  hy  the  lIn<lson's  iJay  Company 
apparently    assured    in  all   the   country  of  tiie 
('olumhia. 

At  tiiis  time,  1834,  the  Hudson's  Hay  Com- 
patiy  had  more  than  twenty  j)osts  in  Oregon, 
and  over  2,000  men  in  the  various  hranches  of 
their  employ.  There  were  probahly  not  a  litin- 
dred  Americans  in  the  same  territory,  and  they 
were  hunters  and  trappers,  isolated  and  wander- 
ing over  a  vast  region  of  country,  too  few  to  lie 
formidable,  and  too  dependent  on  the  hospi- 
tality of  that  company  to  be  dreaded  as  rivals. 
This  showed  Mr.  Wyeth's  statement  to  be  true, 
that  "  the  United  States  as  a  nation  are  un- 
known west  of  the  mountains."  The  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  ruled  supreme,  and  there 
seemed  no  probability  to  those  on  the  ground 
that  its  supremacy  would  soon,  if  over,  \>e 
shaken.  It  is  well,  therefore,  that  we  pause 
here  and  take  a  brief  survey  of  what  Oregon 
was  in  this  supreme  hoiir  of  Hudson's  Hay 
domination. 

It  will  be  remembered  tliat  we  are  now  writ- 
ing of  Oregon  as  it  was  understood  in  1834, 
extending  fronn  the  42°  to  54°  40'  of  north 
latitude,  and  from  the  Pacific  ocean  to  the 
Rocky  mountains,.  It  was  the  distinct  and  j 
avowed  policy  of  the  ruling  company  to  keep 
back  all  tettlemont  and  hold  the  country  only 
for    the   production    of    game.       White    men, 


thrreforc.    were    unwelcome    intruders,     unless 
they  were   of  thone   races   ready  to   internnirry 
with  Indian  wonn'ti,  and  thus  render  themselves 
fit  for  the  barliaric  purposes   of  that   company. 
They  would  liav(!  no  civilization,  as  we    iinder- 
(•tand  civili/alion.     The  gnafest  and  ablest  and 
U'st  men  among  them  were    intermarried    with 
the    native    wcnnen,     atid    half-breed     chililren 
swarmeil  aiound  their  l'al)itations.     These  con- 
ditions  were   a    necessity    of  their  policy,  and 
that  p<)li(;y  was  the  only  means  of  securing  thu 
ends  for  wiiich  the  Hudson's  l)ayCiimj)any  was 
organized,  and   for   which    it   e.Nisted.      We  aro 
spei^king  of  this  policy  of  the  company   as  we 
saw  it  in  the  last  days  of  its  existence   in  Ore- 
gon,   when    it    seemed    to    us    so   stningu  that 
intelligetit  and  eilucated    English,  Scotch,  and 
Canadian  gentlemen  could  ever  have   fallen  into 
such  barbaric  modes  of  domestic  living.      Hut 
we    were    then    comparing  tlieir  life  with   tlio 
ideals  of  our  own  New  York  training,  and  were 
ignorantof  the  history  and    avowed  pnrjjusc  of 
tlie  company  whoso  best  social  products  we  saw. 
When  these  were   studied   we  plainly  saw  tliat 
this  was  not  perverse  criminality  in   the  people 
we  saw  around  us,  but  a  commercial  necessity 
in  their  relations  of  life.     Anything  that  meant 
or  typed   the  civilization  of  an   American  vil- 
lage would  of  necessity  liave  been  the  germ  of 
its   destruction    to   the  end    for  which  all  this 
system  lived  and  wrought.      Illustrating  this,  a 
statement  of  a  chaplain  at  Moose  Factory  may 
be  quoted,     lie  said;   "  A   plan    1    had  devised 
fcr  educating  and  training  to  some  acquaint- 
ance with  agriculture  native  children,  was  dis- 
allowed. *  *  *  A  proposal   for  forming  a  small 
Indian    village   near    Moose    Factory  was  not 
acceded  to,  and,  instead,  permission  only  given 
to  attempt  the  location  of  one  or  two  old  men 
no  longer  fit  forengaing  in  the  chase,    it  being 
carefully   and  distinctly   stated  by  Sir  (ieorgo 
Simpson  that  the  company  would  not  give  them 
even  a  spade  to  commence    their  new  mode  of 
life!" 

Coming  to  understand  that  this   policy  was 
the  wisest,  indeed,  tiie  only  means  of  perpetuat- 


if      r 


:;  ;li 


108 


nrsronr  of  oukoon. 


inj^  the  company  itself,  we  soon  toiiiul  that  the 
••  iriMitli'incti  ot  the  coinpiiiiy,"  as  tliey  were 
(•iillt'(l,  personally  were  in<leed  jfentleiuen,  while 
as  othcers  of  the  comiiiuiy  they  were  necessa- 
rily opposed  to  all  that  made  for  eivilization. 
Hence  wean*  able  to  write  of  Dr.  McLanj^hlin 
as  a  man,  as  we  have  truly  written.  Let  the  reader 
liiinself  apply  these  reflections  to  the  Oregon  of 
1831:,  am!  he  will  understand  what,  socially  and 
comniereially,  the  Ilndfon's  ]5ay  Company,  at 
its  very  hest  estate,  and  in  the  day  of  its  supreni- 
cst  power,  had  made  of  one  of  the  finest  lands 
upon  which  shines  the  \iniversal  sun;  and  in 
this  knowledge  he  will  understand  just  what 
the  Hudson's  I'ay  (^ompany  meant  to  do  for 
Iniuianity.  Almost  necessarily  its  life  was  en- 
tirely hid  beh'iid  the  lids  of  Its  own  ledger,  and  to 


quote  the  language  of  Hazlit,  it  "  Had  no  ideas 
hut  these  of  custom  and  interest,  and  that  on  the 
narrowest  scale."' 

We  iiave  said  that  the  supremacy  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  on  the  Columbia,  and 
through  that  comjjany  the  ultimate  ownership 
of  Oregon  by  Great  Britain,  was  "apparently 
assured  "  in  1834.  But  the  genius  aufi  prophet 
of  the  downfall  of  the  great  com])any,  and  the 
de'eat  of  British  plans  for  the  possession  of  the 
country,  were  then  surveying  Oregon,  looking 
through  the  blue  eyes  of  a  pioneer  missionary, 
who  landed  at  Vancouver  within  a  few  days  of 
the  arrival  ot  Mr.  Wyeth,  of  whose  coming  and 
going  we  have  previously  spoken.  Our  ne.vt 
chapter  will  toll  something  of  influences  that 
proved  too  mighty  for  that  power.  v 


CHAPTER   Xir.  ■  ■ 

THE  MISSIONS  AND  THE  AMEIUCANI2A.TI0N  OF  OREGON. 

Tfik  (tricat  ItivAi.s — Eakly  Fokm  01'  THK  CoNTKST — A  New  Et.KMKNT  Intuodi'cki) — Thk  Nkwly 
Ma  nni:i)  Contest  ANTS — Hudson  Bay'sComtany  at  the  Zenith  ok  its  Power — Oueoon's  only 
Occri'A.NTs — Arrival  of  Four  Men  -Tiikik  Supi'ort  and  Patronage — Their  Amuri;a:<ism 
— The  Growth  ok  the  Missionary  Power — Two  Classes — The  Methodist  Missio.vs — Mis- 
sions oi-  the  American  Board— Independent  Missions — Facts — What  the  Hudson's  Bay 
CoMi'ANY  IS  DoiNii — The  People  uk  the  Hidson's  Bay  Company — -The  American  People — 
.fAsoN  Lee,  the  Corvi-heus  ok  American  Skntimknt — Hrs  Visit  to  the  East  and  Return  — 
Missions,  the  Centers  ok  American  Sentimemts  and  People^Contest  Morally  Closed. 


fROM  the  time  that  the  claims  of  France 
and  Spain  to  the  Oregon  country  were 
^  finally  transferred  to  the  United  States  in 
18(13,  there  was  as  our  readers  have  seen,  no 
claimant  contesting  with  the  United  States,  and 
the  ownership  of  the  country  but  England.  Its 
final  possession  by  one  or  the  other  of  these 
great  powers  was  evidently  in  the  way  of  the 
destiny  of  ,'mpire.  They  were  nations  of  one 
blood,  e.xcept  that  in  the  United  States  there 


was  a  deeper  tinge  of  the  cavalier  in  the  veins 
of  the  people  than  in  England.  Their  very 
relationship  and  similarity  of  origin  and  of 
character,  made  them  essentially  rivals,  jealous 
of  each  others  ])ower,  and  anxious  to  place  bar- 
riers in  the  way  of  each  other's  adviinciemeiit. 
Besides  the  United  States  were  not  far  enough 
removed  from  the  close  of  a  successful  rebellion 
against  the  mis-government  of  England,  in 
which  rebellion  this  country   had   snatched  the 


niSTOllY    OF    OliKOOX. 


103 


guerdon  of  lier  nationality  from  the  disiiinm- 
burod  empire  of  (ireat  I'l'itaiii  for  either  to 
have  (!oiiie  to  an  ei'a  of  real  fVieiidliiiess  and 
natural  fraleriiity.  Tlie  very  acforH  in  the 
events  of  1776  and  1784,  both  in  En<rlan(i  and 
America,  were  yet  in  plaees  of  power  in  the 
two  conntrieii.  They  lia(i  not  forgotten,  and 
they  had  not  forgiven.  The  Americans  were 
till!  most  t'orgivina,  f(ir  they  had  won  the  most, 
and  hence  could  most  easily  iorgivo.  The  I'rit- 
ish  had  lost  the  most,  and  hence  were  the  sorest 
find  most  nnrelenting.  It  was  to  be  expected, 
therefore,  that  the  struggle  for  what  both  so 
greatly  desired,  and  each  believed  it  owned, 
would  be  long  and  tenacious,  Hiid  that  it  would 
be  led  through  every  possible  cliance  and  change 
before  it  would  oe  finally  decided. 

We  have  seen  how,  in  commerce  by  sea  and 
rivdr,  and  in  the  rivalries  of  the  trail  and  the 
niountains,  the  fur  companies  that  represented 
severally  these  two  nationalities  had  met  each 
other,  and  had  in  evei'y  contest  of  that  charHcter 
t'le  representatives  of  England  had  defeated, 
thwarted  and  driven  away  the  representatives  of 
the  United  States,  until,  though  there  was  a 
legal  joint  occupancy  there  was  no  real  occu- 
pancy but  that  of  Great  Hritain.  From  1813, 
when  the  Hritish  flag  was  raised  over  Astoria, 
for  a  full  score  of  years  the  stars  and  stripes 
waved  in  the  skies  of  Oregon  only  as  a  transient 
visitor,  while  the  cross  of  St.  George  symholed 
the  real  ruling  power  over  the  country  from  the 
mountains  to  the  sea.  The  Hudson's  Bay  (Com- 
pany, wholly  representative  of  the  designs  and 
spirit  of  the  British  crown,  and  intensely  loyal 
to  them,  held  supreme  dominion  over  the  whole 
country.  It  seemed  a  foregone  conclusion,  that 
this  powerful  organization,  with  its  great  wealth, 
and  its  unrivaled  facilities  for  transplanting  its 
own  numerous  people  into  the  fruitful  soil  of 
these  Pacific  valleys,  would  win  for  England  the 
"nine  ])oints  of  law," — possession  of  the  coun- 
try. So  the  issue  and  the  probability  stood  up 
to  183-t. 

In  1834  the  contest  was  re-opened  in  another 
form.     Another  wholly  American  element  was 


introduced.  It  came  noiselessly,  unheraMed, 
without  <lisplay  of  march  or  ihiiint  of  ensign. 
It  was  so  small  in  numbers,  and  so  bnnible  in 
pretense,  that  it  scarcely  arrested  the  attention 
of  the  powerful  men  who  were  then  at  the  head 
of  .no  British  jniwer  on  the  liaiilcs  of  the  (Joliim- 
bia.  Its  professed  and  real  purpose  so  com- 
mended itself  to  every  gracious  sentiment  nl 
the  human  heart,  that  men  so  really  humaM(!  as 
were  they  could  not  but  give  it  encouragement 
and  blessing.  This  element,  thus  introduced, 
was  what,  technically,  in  the  early  history  of 
Oregon  was  known  as  the  ••  missionary  element." 
It  came  in  the  persons  of  four  men  whose 
names  have  been  elsewhere  mentioned  in  this 
book,  but  which  will  bear  repeating  here,  luiine- 
ly:  Jason  Lee,  Daniel  Lee,  (3yrus  Shepard  and 
P.  L.  Edwards,  and  they  were  the  types  and 
forerunners  of  all  the  missionaries,  who,  for  the 
following  decade,  practically  alone  embodied 
anil  expressed  the  American  se?itinient  and  the 
American  citizenship,  in  contrast  with  the  Brit- 
ish spirit  and  the  British  citizenship  embodied 
and  expressed  by  the  Hudson's  Bay  (!ompany 
in  Oregon. 

The  one  thing  that  distinguished  these  men 
in  the  relation  in  which  we  are  now  writing  of 
them,  and  the  missions  established  by  them  and 
by  those  who  came  subspijnentiy,  was  their 
Americanism.  They  not  only  came  to  Oregon 
by  the  direction  of  the  most  intensely  American 
church  in  the  country,  but  they  came  under  the 
passport  and  ])frmit,  and  hence  nnder  the  pro- 
tection of  the  government  of  the  United  States, 
certified  to  Mr.  Lee  and  his  coadjutors  by  Gen- 
eral John  II.  Eaton,  the  honorable  secretary  of 
war  under  Andrew  Jackson,  president  of  the 
United  States  at  that  time.  This,  with  their 
own  personal  citizenship,  gave  them  a  character 
not  less  distinctively  American  than  it  was 
missionary.  The  same  statement,  in  substance, 
would  be  true  of  all  the  Protestant  missions 
established  in  Oregon,  whether  by  the  great  de- 
nominational or  interdenominational  societies, 
or  l)y  individual  citizens  of  the   United    States. 


:| 


110 


HISTOIIY    OF    OREGON. 


ll' 


|i! 


\  Si    /. 


1     : 


They  wero  all  Aiiici'iwin  -iiitfiisely,  nulii'iiHv 
and  Idjiiliy  Aincrii-iiii. 

We  lire  luit  ii,'ii()riiiy  llie  fact  that  the  iiiis- 
sicjnaries  who  cMiiie  to  ()icji;oii,  from  18;{4:  up  to 
IMO,  eume  jiriiiiai'lly  for  the  imrpo.se  of  evan- 
ffeliziiiif  the  pai;aii  trilies  of  this  {xreat  North- 
west. "We  arc  only  l)rino;ing  to  view  the  other 
faet  that  in  tloinij;  or  atteni])ting  tiiis  they  never 
forgot  ami  never  slighted  or  temporized  with 
theii'  national  relationship.  Patriotism,  in  its 
trne  sense  of  love  of  the  country  that  fostered 
and  encoiiraged  their  works,  aTid  spread  the 
hroad  iegis  of  its  protection  over  themselves 
personally,  was  a  part  of  their  religion.  Their 
feelings  were  never  isolated  from  the  country 
that  thns  protected  and  cherished  them,  bnt 
they  "lovtd  its  rocks  and  rills,  its  woods  and 
templed  hills,'"  with  a  great  venerating,  patri- 
otic love.  They  miglit  not  have  done  this  the 
.  more  becanse  they  were  inissicinaries,  in  a  land 
where  at  that  time  an  American  citizen  could 
liave  hut  a  doubtful  and  precarious  sojourn; 
but  they  certainly  did  not  do  this  the  less  for 
tliat  reason.  Here,  tlien,  were  the  matched 
contestants  for  the  possession  and  consequent 
owner.-hip  of  Oregon, — the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany on  the  one  side,  witii  the  confidence  of  its 
past  successes  and  its  present  power  upon*  it; 
the  Tnissionary  stations  and  missionaries,  with 
their  liigh  moral  purpose  and  their  American 
sentiment,  on  the  other.  Providence  had  thus 
hiUided  over  the  conflict  of  empire  on  the  north- 
west coast  to  these  contesting  elements,  and 
then  iwaited  the  issue. 

At  this  time  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
was  at  the  very  zenith  of  its  power.  Its  leaderf 
were  kings  of  men.  Its  cavalcades  were  on 
every  inter-nionutain  trail  over  half  a  continent. 
Its  fleets  of  batteaiix  and  canoes  were  on  every 
river,  and  its  voyagenrs  sung  to  the  music  of 
every  cascade  from  Winnipeg  to  California,  and 
from  the  mountains  to  the  sea.  A  contest  of 
force,  of  brawn,  or  even  of  trade  and  commerce 
with  it  at  that  time,  would  have  been  simple 
madness.  Indeed  the  latter  was  adventured  at 
this  very  time  by  at  least  two  of  the  ablest  and 


most  determined  leaders  that  the  history  of 
such  Commercial  parti/.aiiship  among  Ameri- 
cans ever  produced, — Wyetli  jnd  Bonneville, — 
and  both  were  compelled  to  hastily  retire  from 
the  fleld,  Wyetli  beijiu'athing  his  fortune,  with 
Forts  Hall  and  William,  to  the  P>ritain,  and 
Bonneville  com])elled  to  lly  from  starvation  on 
the  baidvs  of  the  Columbia  because  the  very  tish 
of  the  rivers  and  game  on  the  hills  were  denied 
him  by  the  lordly  barons  who  ruled  at  Vancou- 
ver for  themselves  and  Britain  only.  So  in- 
trenched was  this  British  power  behind  the 
great  mountain  ranges  of  the  mid-continent, 
that  armies  could  not  march  against  it  if  they 
would;  and  on  the  thither  side  3,000  leagues  of 
ocean,  roamed  by  the  prowling  crnisers  of  the 
British  navy,  kept  eternal  watch  and  ward  over 
them.  Thus  they  stood,  and  thus  Britantiia 
rnled,  not  the  wave  only,  bnt  the  land  as  well, 
when  these  avaunt  couriers  of  the  mighty  host 
of  Americans  that  ten  years  later  began  to  fol- 
low in  their  footsteps,  sat  calmly  down  before 
this  mountain  power  of  commercial  snpremacyj 
and  that  other  mountain  power  of  paganism  in- 
trenched in  the  superstitions  legends  of  a  hun- 
dred generations  of  jjctrifled  intellectual  and 
moral  darkness,  and  began,  in  their  thoughts,  if 
not  in  their  speech,  to  prophesy  to  them:  "(), 
thou  great  mountain,  be  thuu  plucked  up  and 
be  thou  cast  into  the  midst  of  the  sea." 

These  men  were  nut  a  power  in  themselves  to 
outer  this  vast  contention  for  the  possession  of 
a  mighty  empire,  for  there  were  but  four  of 
them;  but  they  were  the  seed  of  a  power,  the 
germ  of  a  force,  that  was  to  win  that  empire  to 
American  civilization,  and  plant  it  as  the  thirty- 
fourth  star  in  the  blue  fleld  of  our  country's 
banner. 

h  is  now  time  that  wj  i)egin  to  note  and 
measure  the  growth  of  that  new  force  that  thus 
confronted  the  old.  The  task  is  difficidt,  for 
who  can  weigh  or  measure  such  forces? — but  we 
must  attempt  it. 

We  have  before  remarked  the  fact  that  these 
mission  establishments  wore  of  two  classes:  First, 
those  organized  and  sustained  by  great  mission- 


iirsroiir  of  ottEooN. 


Ill 


ary  societies,  like  tlie  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missione; 
and,  second,  personal  and  independent  missions, 
established  and  sustained  by  the  men  who 
themselves  wrought  it  in  them.  l?ut  they  '.ere 
all  Americans,  and  nearly  all  of  New  England 
blood,  if  not  of  New  England  birth.  That  onr 
readers  may  the  better  understand  the  relations, 
both  of  men  an<l  events,  to  resultant  history, 
we  shall  consider  these  classes  separately;  and 
it  is  the  logical  order  to  consider  first  the  class 
that  itself  was  the  first  in  the  order  of  time. 
This  was  the  missions  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church. 

In  1834  the  four  nw.\  already  named — .lason 
Lee,  Daniel  Lee,  Cyrus  Shepard  and  P.  L.  Ed- 
wards— under  the  direction  of  that  society, 
established  tiieinselves  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
Willamette  valley,  the  great  agricultural  para- 
dise of  Oregon.  These  were  followed,  in  1830, 
by  Dr.  Elijah  White  and  wife,  with  two  chil- 
dren; Mr.  Alanson  Beers  and  wife,  with  three 
children;  with  Mr.  William  II.  Willson  and 
Misses  Anna  M.  Bittinan.  Susan  Downing  and 
Elvira  Johnson.  When  these  arrived,  in  May, 
1837,  the  first  American  home  was  planted  in 
the  Willamette  valley.  There  had  scarcely  been 
even  the  semblance  of  a  home,  as  we  understand 
that  word,  in  Oregon  previous  to  that  time. 
Even  the  able  and  cultivated  leaders  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  consorted  with  the 
Indian  women,  and  their  abodes  had  the  odor  of 
the  wigwam,  and  their  progeny  the  taint  of  In- 
dian blood.  But  iiere  were  educated  and  cul- 
tured white  wonuMi,  accustomed  to  the  refine- 
ments of  the  parlors  of  Boston  and  Lynn,  of 
Newark  .md  New  York,  able  to  grace  any  social 
life,  as  well  as  to  aid  in  lifting  up  a  fallen  and 
degraded  race.  i5et'ore,  only  nioneer  American 
manhood  had  been  here;  now  pioneer  woman- 
hood and  childhood,  and  with  them  pioneer 
home  life,  wore  added,  and  an  American  com- 
munity, with  all  the  elements  of  perpetuity  and 
increase  in  itself,  was  established  in  the  very 
heart  of  (Oregon.     Nor  should  the  stateimpn^  'w 


o?nitted  here  that,  with  these  luen  and  women 
and  children,  the  Missionary  Board  had  for- 
warded a  large  amount  of  stores  of  various 
kinds  to  render  its  community  practically  inde- 
pendent of  all  others.  Within  six  months  of 
the  arrival  of  this  company  the  community  was 
further  strengthened,  Ijoth  in  its  numbers  and 
its  character,  by  the  arrival  of  Rev.  David  Les- 
lie and  wife  with  three  children.  Miss  Margaret 
Smith  and  Kev.  II.  K.  W.  Perkins.  Thus,  be- 
fore three  years  from  the  'irrival  of  the  first 
company  of  four  men,  tlv.,  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  had  planted 
an  American  community  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  consisting  of  men,  women  and  children, 
with  homes  and  schools  and  worship,  with  flocks 
and  herds  and  plows  and  harvests,  peaceably, 
but  mightily  cot)fronting  the  rule  of  the  Hud- 
son's Hay  Company  over  the  fair  realm  which 
it  so  long  had  governed.  In  less  than  three 
years  more  fifty-one  more  persons  were  ailded 
to  this  American  community  by  the  same  mis- 
sionary authority.  These  consisted  of  Uevs. 
J.  P.  Tiichmond,  Gustavus  Ilines,  W.  W.  Kone, 
A.  F.  Waller  and  J.  II.  Frost,  Dr.  I.  L.  Bab- 
cock  and  Messrs.  George  Abernethy,  11.  B. ' 
Brew.M',  W.  W.  Raymond,  L.  II.  Judson,  II. 
Campbell,  Josiali  L.  Parrish  and  James  Olley, 
all  of  whom  had  families,  and  Misses  M.  T. 
Ware,  C.  A.  Clark,  E.  Phillips,  A.  Phelps  and 
O.  Lankton.  So,  in  less  than  si.x  years  after  its 
first  small  contingents  had  reached  Oregon,  the 
Methodist  Ej)iscopal  Missionary  Society  had  not 
only  planted  an  American  community  in  Ore- 
gon, but  had  made  it  so  strong,  ami  so  estab- 
lished it  on  strategetic  grounds  all  over  the 
Northwest,  as  to  make  it  inei-adicable, — doing 
what  the  United  States  Government  and  fur- 
traders  and  commercial  adventurers  had  failed 
to  do  in  fifty  years  of  effort. 

We  turn  now  to  the  work  of  the  American 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions 
in  the  same  general  field  and  with  a  like  result. 
Its  first  mission  in  Oregon  was  established  in 
1830,  two  years  later  than  that  of  the  Metho- 
dist society;  though  the  country  had  been  quit«j 


U'J 


UlsroUY    OF    OREOON. 


!3 


P  } 

r 


tlioronglily  explored  tlic  preceding  year  by 
Hev.  Samuel  I'urker,  of  Ne.v  Vurk,  a  very  iii- 
telliireiit  and  cartrnl  ()l>-('rvcr.  The  persons 
will)  for  this  society  cntalilisheij  this  mission 
were  Dr.  Marcus  Wliitinan  and  wife,  liev.  11. 
II.  Spaidditifi;  and  wife,  and  Mr.  \V.  !I.  (Iray, 
all  from  the  State  of  New  York,  and  all,  like 
tluise connected  with  the  Methodist  coniiniinily, 
intensely  American  in  training  and  sentiment. 
This  company  of  live  persons,  includiiiif  the  two 
ladies,  cros^eij  the  continent  from  the  Missouri 
river  on  liorseback,  a  distance  of  nearly  2,000 
miles.  Mrs.  Wiiitmnn  and  Mrs.  Spanlding  were 
the  first  white  women  of  any  nation  who  ever 
made  a  home  in  Oregon,  and  are  forever  monu- 
mented  as  such  in  the  history  of  civilization  of 
the  Northwest.  The  American  heart  lini^ersover 
tlieir  deeds  and  their  memory  with  a  fjreat  love  and 
a  great  reverence,  and  is  glacl  to  give  thein  the 
crownini^  place,  of  'vliich  personally  they  were  so 
worthy,  and  which  with  such  bravery  they  won 
that  of  the  first  American  home-makers  between 
the  Ivocky  mountains  and  the  eastern  sea.  The 
missions  of  those  peo])lo  were  established  in  the 
very  lieart  of  what  has  since  become  known  as 
the  great  '•  Inland  Empire,"  at  Waulitpu,  on 
the  Walla  Walla  river,  and  at  Lapwai  on  the 
Cl-^arwater,  among  the  Cayuses  and  Nez 
I'erces,  the  two  strongest  and  most  promising 
trihes  of  the  entire  coast.  In  183S  Messrs  Eels, 
AValker  and  Smith,  with  tlieir  wives,  joined 
them,  and  they  enlarged  tlieir  work  and 
broadened  their  field.  So,  at  the  close  of  1S3S 
the  American  Hoard  had  six  American  families, 
representing  the  best  forms  of  American  life 
and  sentiment,  firmly  fixed  in  the  soil  of  the 
Oregon  of  that  period;  its  coiitribntit)n  to  tlio 
double  result  of  that  evangelization  of  a  pagan 
peojile  and  the  Americanization  of  Oregon. 

In  addition  to  these  there  were  what  we  have 
called  independent  missions,  established  on  the 
individual  responsibility  of  those  conducting 
them,  that  (•ontribiited  no  slight  influence  to 
the  great  aggregate  of  American  sentiment 
and  life  that  was  now  beginning  to  repress  and 
neutralize  the  sway  of  the    Hudson's  I'.ay  Com- 


jiany.  In  1838  Kov.  Ilarvcy  (Marke,  .Mr.  Little- 
john  and  Mr.  Smith,  I'resbyterian  self-snppurt- 
iiig  iiiissonaries,  with  their  wives  came  over 
the  mountains,  and  in  1839  Moses  GritHn  and 
ifuiiger  and  their  wives  entered  the  country 
with  similar  intentions.  What  we  have  said 
of  the  gentlemen  and  ladies  of  the  missions  of 
the  two  great  boards  would  bo  true  in  character 
of  all  these.  They  were  of  the  same  type  of 
representative  America. is,  stood  on  the  same  re- 
lation to  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  and  were 
as  thoroughly  at  one  with  tlie  plans  and  hopes 
of  the  United  States  in  regard  to  Oregon,  as 
were  the  others.  In  a  sense,  indeed,  tlieir  in- 
dejiendence  gave  them  a  vantiige  ground  not 
possessed  by  the  others,  of  which  they  were 
prompt  and  faithful  to  use  for  the  cause  of  the 
country  they  lovt^d  so  tenderly. 

Having  thus  summarily  noted  the  beginniiif; 
and  traced  the  development  of  this  entirely 
American  force  in  Oregon  up  to  the  autumn  of 
1840,  a  period  of  but  six  years,  wo  are  in  posses- 
sion of  the  following  facts: 

The  entire  number  of  adult  men  and    women 

that  these    Missionary  I'>oards  had  transplanted 

from  the  best  life  of  the  old  States  into  Oregon, 

together  with  those  of    the     independent  mis- 

\   sions  was  sixty-one;  constituting  not    far    from 

;   thirty  American  homes.      Probably  these  homes 

j   held  at  that  time   not  far    from    100  children, 

I   born  to  an  inheritance  of  American  patriotism 

I   which  certainly  would  not  diminish   when  they 

contrasted  their  own    with  the  homes  of   those 

I   who  disputed  with  them  the    dominion  of  Ore- 

fe'O"- 

But  it  was  not  numbers  only,  nor  indeed  was 
it  numbers  chiefly,  that  gave  these  American 
peo]ile  the  ])restige  of  conquest.  The  names  of 
Lee  and  LeRlie,of  Whitman  and  Waller,  of  Hitios 
and  Parrish.of  Abernethy  and  (iray,  of  Spaiild- 
ing  and  AValker,  of  Clarke  and  Griffin,  of  l?ab- 
cock  and  (Campbell,  of  Eels  and  Hall  sufficiently 
attest  that,  for  no  writer  of  early  Oregon  history 
can  fail  to  give  them  hororable  mention,  or  to 
recognize  their  great  intluence  in  molding  that 
history. 


^ 


HinTony  OF  ojiKwhW 


Hi 


Two  other  facts,  of  a  soitiewlmt  material  char- 
acter, illustrate  the  eminent  service  of  the  mis- 
sions in  iiiiikiiig  civiliziifion  a]lo^sil)ility  in  Ore- 
gon. One  was  the  establishment  of  mills,  both 
for  the  prodnctiou  of  lumber  and  the  grinding? 
of  grain  fur  bread,  by  the  missions  of  both 
boards;  the  other  was  the  introduction  of  a 
printing,'  pres  •  'S3!),  by  Mr.  E.  O.  Hall,  who 
set  up  his  press  at  Laj)\viii,  in  the  mission  of 
Mr.  Spauldingand  published  elementary  books, 
both  in  the  Nez  Perces  and  Spokane  tongues. 
And  so  we  are  brought   to  the  close  of  1840. 

Meantime  we  should  know  what  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  as  representing  British 
pretensions  to  Oregon,  has  been  doin}:f  during 
the  six  years  that  the  x^merican  missions  have 
been  developinii;  into  this  formidable  and  o|>- 
pofing  force.  Surely  such  astute  leaders  as  Mc 
I^aughlii)  and  Douglas  couhl  not  fail  to  com- 
j)rehend  the  threat  against  the  position  and 
power  of  their  company  tluit  was  in  the  very 
presence  of  these  missionary  establishments 
near  them.  Two  things  were  done,  both  in 
themselves  well  chosen  for  the  end  contetn- 
phited.  First,  they  introduced  in  1838  two 
French  (Canadian  Roman  Catholic  priests. 
These  were  British  subjects,  and  it  was  expected, 
of  course,  that  the  inlluenco  their  profession 
and  character  gave  them  would  be  exerted 
against  the  American  and  in  favor  of  the  Brit- 
ish rule  in  Oregon.  This  the  company  had  a 
perfect  right  to  do;  and  this  also  Messrs.  Blan- 
chet  and  Demus,  the  two  priests,  had  a  perfect 
right  to  do.  They  placed  these  priests  at  most 
important  strategetic  points;  one  in  the  Wil- 
lamette valley,  very  near  the  Methodist  mis- 
sions, and  the  other  was  a  faithful  itinerant, 
visiting  the  different  posts  of  the  company  al- 
ternately. Also  in  1840  the  company  brought 
an  emigration  of  12ii  persons,  men,  women  and 
children,  from  Winnipeg  to  settle  in  Oregon. 
Thus,  at  the  two  points  where  the  leaders  of 
that  great  comjjany  feared  the  inlluence  of  the 
American  missions  the  most,  they  made  the 
most  stren\ious  effort  to  countervail  that  influ- 
ence.    They  knew  the  greatness  of  the  prize  at 


issue,  and  they  were  not  th(^  men  lo  neglect  any 
fair  means  they  could  use  to  win  that  prize  for 
the  government  of  the  country  tley  rejire- 
sented. 

We  do  not  blame  them  for  this.  On  the 
contrary  there  is  a  measure  of  honor  that  we 
accord  them.  They  were  faithful  to  the  trust 
their  country  reposed  in  them.  They  did 
what  they  could,  aiul  in  the  best  way  they 
could,  to  counteract  the  inlluenco  that,  they 
could  not  but  see  left  unchecked  must  give  the 
long  disputed  Oregon,  coveted  ccjnally  by  both 
England  ami  the  United  States,  to  the  Ameri- 
can tuition.  And  here  it  is  |)roper  to  say  that, 
though  the  men  whose  acts  we  an;  lure  record- 
ing were  both  British  and  Romanist,  and  this 
writer  is  both  American  and  I'rotestaut.  there 
is  no  record,  certainly  not  up  to  this  date,  of 
any  action  on  the  jjart  of  either  the  British  or 
American  party  that  was  discolored  by  criminal 
unfriendliness.  On  the  contrary,  while  d<iing 
their  duty  for  the  cause  they  represented, 
neither  forgot  that  broader  duty  they  owed  to 
universal  humanity.  Still  the  results  on  the 
one  side  were  much  more  eifectivc  and  deter- 
mining than  on  the  other.  Can  we  tell  why? 
Let  us  see,  although  the  observant  reader  has 
already  caught  the  drift  of  tiie  reason  in  what 
we  have  previously  said. 

The  claims  and  ititerests  of  Great  Britain  in 
Oregon  were  sustained  on  the  whole,  by  a  con- 
glomerate mass  of  people,  of  various  colors  and 
cultures,  and  with  very  little  of  moral  and  so- 
cial ailhesiveness.  The  Uriton  and  the  Scotch- 
man, it  is  true,  were  at  their  head,  but  the 
French  Canadians  constituted  the  larger  por- 
tion of  their  followers.  What  they  had  of 
home  life,  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest,  was 
an  admixture  of  these  with  the  fenntles  of  the 
various  Indian  tribes,  and  seemed  to  weaken, 
rather  than  to  strengthen,  the  moral  and  intel- 
lectual fiber  of  the  best  men  among  them.  The 
traders,  the  chief  factors,  and  even  the  gover- 
nor himself,  were  as  the  voyageurs  and  trail- 
men  in  this  regard.  Their  children  were,  as  a 
body,  without  any   large  and  worthy   a?nbitior, 


1 


114 


insTQllY    OF    OHEOnN. 


f   1 


i 


too  hiiili  to  1m'  Indians  Hiul  too  low  to  ho  wliito 
men.  A  lioiiie  and  social  life  tliua  tainted 
never  was  and  never  can  be  a  strong  political 
life,  and  no  men  could  know  this  lietter  than 
the  really  able  men  whose  lives  had  fallen  into 
these  evil  coils.  One  need,  tiierefore,  not  look 
l)cyonil  this  fact  for  an  explanation  of  the  his- 
toric aiKMiialy  so  patent  here,  namely,  that  the 
Htronger  in  numbers  and  positions  and  oppor- 
tunity should  piove  the  weaker  in  a  conflict  of 
intellectual  and  moral,  or  even  political  poten- 
cies. 

On  the  other  side, — the  side  of  the  American 
community,  as  embodied,  up  to  this  time,  in 
missions  and  missionaries — there  was  a  homo- 
geneity of  moral  and  intellectual  and  national 
idea  that  gave  it  the  strength  of  welded  steel, 
while  it  had  the  elasticity  of  a  three-fold  cord. 
They  were  picked  men  and  women;  chosen 
from  among  the  hardiest  and  most  aspiring 
people  of  the  new  world.  They  had  I'cen 
trained  on  the  farms  and  in  the  shoj)s  and  at 
the  forges  where  human  frames  are  annealed 
into  endurance  and  tempered  into  elasticity. 
They  were  educated,  in  the  best  sense  of  that 
word.  There  was  neither  illiteracy  nor  ignor- 
ance among  them.  They  were  isolated  from 
contaminating  and  degenerating  contacts,  ^[any 
of  them,  both  men  and  women,  had  high  liter- 
ary ability  and  culture.  They  had  ambition, — 
that  supreme  prop\ilson  that  forever  lifts  great 
souls  from  the  victories  of  to-day  into  the  wider 
triumphs  of  to-morrow.  They  comprehended 
their  responsibility  and  accurately  measured 
1 'sir  opportunity.  It  may  be  doubted  if  the 
■  lytlower    landed  on    I'lymoutb  Itock  as  nni- 

' 'sally  endowed  and  thoroughly  e(juipped  body 
l!  •.npire-iuiilders  as  the  missionary  board  of 
liie  I'nited  States  placeil  in  Oregon  from  183-1 
to  ISIO.  Ami  this  was  the  body  of  men  who 
8to(><l  alone  for  American  interests  and  suprem- 
acy in  Oregon,  over  against  the  Hudson's 
Hay  Company,  representing  English  interests 
and  supremacy.  Can  we  not  now  see  the  phil- 
osophical reasons  for  the  final  issue  of  the 
struggle? 


We  are  not  to  be  understood  as  saying  that 
there  were  absolutely  no  Americans  in  Oregon 
in  1840  but  the  missionai'ies  and  their  families. 
There  were  a  few,  possibly  twenty-tive  in  all, 
but  they  were  mostly  of  that  floating  class  that 
linger  on  the  fringes  of  society,  or  that  wander 
over  the  world  without  a  ii.\ed  and  definite  aim. 
Some  of  them,  it  is  true,  remained  in  Oregon, 
and,  under  the  influence  of  the  stronger  power 
of  the  missionary  organizations,  became  highly 
useful  members  of  society,  and  left  an  honor- 
able record  in  the  early  history  of  the  country. 
Not  strong  enough  in  numbers  to  constitute  a 
community,  it  was  beyond  the  possibilities  of 
their  e,on<lition  that  they  should  uphold,  and 
make  nltinmtely  successful,  the  American  cause 
in  Oreijon. 

We  have  carried  this  parallel  and  contrast 
between  the  Hudson's  ]?ay  ('()mi)any  and  the 
American  missions  only  down  to  the  close  of 
the  summer  of  1840,  because  after  that  date 
comparatively  few  persons  were  added  to  the 
missionary  force  in  Oregon;  and  hence  it  was 
that  for  two  or  three  years  following  that  date 
the  "missionary  influence,"  as  it  was  called, 
was  at  its  zentli.  Hut  the  relative  power  of  the 
Hu<ison's  Hay  Company  grew  less,  and  its 
strong  grip  upon  the  destiny  of  Oregon  was  for- 
ever unloosed. 

The  writer  would  not  detract  from  the  credit 
or  fame  due  any  man.  or  any  class  of  men,  from 
their  work  for,  and  in  our  early  Oregon;  nor 
would  he  add  to  the  laurels  of  any  one  more 
than  is  due.  I'ut  up  to  this  date  the  American 
interest  in  Oregon  oweil  more  to  the  influence 
and  work  of  Jason  Lee,  than  to  those  of  any 
other  one  man,  if  not  indeed  of  all  the  men  in 
the  country  combined.  He  was  as  fully  the 
Coryphens  of  the  American  community  as  was 
Dr.  ^fcLaughlin  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Hritish 
influence.  Ho  was  a  man  strong  in  purpose, 
vigorous  in  execution,  reticent  and  self-con- 
tained. I'eing  first  in  the  field,  he  very  early 
made  himself  well  acquained  with  the  country 
from  the  Ump(pia  to  Piiget  souml,  and  from 
the  ocean  to  the  Rocky  riKniiitains.      His  manii- 


jaaa 


nisrouY  OF  on  egos. 


115 


script  joii mill,  mow  (ipcii  liut'ore  tlio  writer,  fliow^ 
tliat  lie  ])laci;d  a  wry  iiigli  etitiiiiatu  on  the  a;?ri- 
cultiiral  oapabilities  of  tliecoiintry,and  espucially 
of  tlie  Willamette  valley,  and  us  early  as  1835 
believed  that  it  would  Boon  he  occupied  hy  a 
civilized  people.  Ilis  correspondence  with  the 
Board  of  Missions,  in  whose  service  he  was  em- 
ployed, which  was  published  in  New  York  in 
1835-'36-'37  and  '38,  showed  the  same  thing. 
Following  up  his  belief  on  this  point,  in  1838 
he  returned  overland  to  the  States,  and  before 
the  missionary  board  in  New  York,  in  the  pub- 
lic prints,  and  in  the  presence  of  great  audiences 
in  every  great  city  from  Maine  to  South  Caro- 
lina, and  from  New  York  to  St.  Louis,  he  set 
fortii  the  character,  needs  and  advantages  of 
Oregon.  He  spent  a  full  year  in  this  einploy- 
ment,  visiting  Washington  and  conferring  with 
the  secretary  of  State  and  the  secretary  of  war, 
and  receiving  substantial  help  from  the  otHcers 
of  the  general  (lovernment  for  the  furtherance 
of  the  purpose  for  which  be  was  in  the  East, — 
the  orgaTiization  and  equipment  of  a  strong  re- 
enforcement  for  his  missionary  work  in  Oregon. 
His  purpose  was  completely  successful,  and  in 
October  of  1839  he  sailed  from  New  York  in  a 
sliip  chartered  by  the  missionary  board,  with 
what  was  really  an  American  colony ;  ministers, 
mechanics,  farmers,  teachers,  and  with  8up])lie8 
for  the  work  in  which  they  had  engaged,  to  the 
value  of  825,000.  It  was  the  largest  and  best 
furnished  company  that,  on  such  a  purpose,  bail 
ever  sailed  from  any  port;  and  when  it  reached 
Oregon  in  1840,  with  Mr.  Lee  at  its  head,  it 
morally  fixed  the  luitional  status  of  Oregon,  be- 
cause it  put  the  American  intluence  far  in  ad- 
vance of  the  iiritish.  The  inception,  organiza- 
tion and  cultivation  of  that  influence  was  more 
directly  the  result  of  the  work  of  Jason  Lee 
tlvu  that  of  any  other  one  man. 

A  single  other  point  in  our  view  of  the  rela- 
tions of  these  missionary  stations  to  the  Ameri- 
canization of  Oregon  it  is  necessary  to  notice. 
Itisthis:  The  stations  became  the  centersaround 


wliiili  aii-i-clL'd  \vhiitu\t'r  there,  wu.s  of  American 
sentiment  or  Ameiican  people  in  tlie  country. 
This  was  esjjecially  true  of  the  Willamette  sta- 
tion. True  to  its  purjmse,  and  the  nation  under 
whose  charter  it  pursued  liat  i)urpo.sc,  tlie  Hud- 
son's J3ay  Company  would  do  .lothing  to  induce 
or  foster  American  ."ettlenieni.  While  it  would 
.sell  its  goods  to  Americans  ic  would  buy  noth- 
ing from  tliem.  This  was  the  surest  system  of 
antagonism  it  could  ixjseiiily  have  adopted.  It 
had  forced  the  Americans  out  of  the  country  be- 
fore the  missionary  stations  Were  established, 
and,  until  an  organizatioTi  able  to  cope  with  it.s- 
self  in  mercantile  o))erations  could  'take  up  the 
work  of  colonizing  the  country,  it  could  keep 
them  out.  Rivalry  in  trade  it  did  not  fear,  for 
that  it  could  easily  destroy.  JJut  the  mission- 
ary establishments,  while  independent  and  self- 
supporting,  were  not  trading  posts.  Even  their 
object  in  the  country  commended  itself  to  the 
better  feelings  of  the  gentlemen  of  that  company, 
and,  without  turning  ai)solute  barbarians,  they 
could  not  mole.st  them.  This  they  would  not, 
perhaps  could  not  do.  Hence  they  could  not 
prevent  the  ministry  of  hospitality,  which  the 
missionaries  were  always  ready  to  exercise 
towards  their  countrymen,  and  all  others  indeed, 
,who  came  to  their  doors  or  pitched  their  tent 
under  the  shadows  of  their  sanctuary.  And  so, 
though  the  missionaries  were  not  traders,  nor 
their  stations  depots  of  commerce,  they  were,  in 
the  oidy  way  in  which  rivalry  could  have  been 
successful  against  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company, 
tliH  rivals  of  that  vast  and  mighty  niono])olv; 
and,  by  the  time  any  considerable  number  of 
American  citizens  were  prepared  to  follow  the 
])ath  they  bad  blazed  out  into  the  valleys  of 
Oregon  in  18-1-3,  they  had  prepared  an  asylum 
for  them,  and  broken  the  right  arm  of  the  power 
of  the  Hudson's  Ray  (Yimpany,  and  never  after- 
ward did  it,  or  the  British  nation,  which  it  had 
so  ably  represented,  recover  supremacy  in  Ore- 
gon. Morally  the  contest  was  ended,  and  Oregon 
was  Americanized. 


■^■m-i^ 


118 


utsronr  of  oREmm. 


GIIAPTEU  XIII. 


IMMIOUATIONS. 

GkKMS  (IF  (  •l.'W.ON    lIlSIOKY — (jl'KSIION     UK    ImMIiUJATION     L)|.S('I'HSKI> — ^HaM.    J.    IvFCLI.KV — -IIiaMK. 
MillilAI.    TO  CdNORESS SocIETY  ORGANIZED  —  li'S    J'l.AN  (  )uTr.lNEl>— K  KLLEV's  EfFOBTS  TO  Ol'KN 

TuAiiK — Ilia  Failure — [''kom  1835  to  1841 — Immiguatidn  of  1841    -Americans — EIudwin's 

BaV EMUiRATION  OK  1842 — lis  Im  I'ORTANI'E  -  -  Du.  K.  WuiTE— ^-UtIIER   ImI'oUTANT  (,'i1  ARACTEUS 

— iMii.  CiJAWKouii's  Story- -Immigration  m'  1843— -Its  iMi-oKtANT  Place  in  History — Causes 
THAT  hu'Ki.i.Ei)  It — Genekai.   Direction  of   Negotiations — Imitlse  of  Emkiuation. 


il   ■] 


1  r  1 


JjFN  tln' story  of  etiiigration  to  the  I'licitic  coast 
^1    from   tlie  Atlantic  seaport  and  the  valleys  of 
^   the  Oliio,    Alisfcissippi  and    Missouri    rivers, 
Mie   fouiHl    tiie    real    geriiia  of    Oregon  history. 
Thi're  is  in  this  story  a  romance  of   entiMprise, 
patriotism,  adventure  and  amhition,  linely  illus- 
trating tlie  geniuB  of  the  American  people  a^^  it 
hasexhihited  itself  si'u-e  Jamestown  in  the  South 
and    I'lymuuth    Uock  in  the  Ncjrth  hecame    the 
early  altars  of  its  consecration   to  tlie  service  of 
suhdiiiiiu;    a   wild    continent,    and    building  u|) 
within  it  a  s|)lendid   empire  of  liberty.      It  was 
only  a  continuation  of  the  activity  of  that  genius 
of  free  coiKiuest  that  first    sent  the  hard}'    sons 
and  dau<i;hters  of  I'lymouth  out  over  the   Hud- 
son and  Genesee,  and  over  the  plains  of  western 
New   York   and    Ohio,  and   the  not   less    hardy 
and  more  volatile  sons  and  daughters  of , lames- 
town  over  the  Alleghanies  and  down  across   the 
lilue  and  green  hills  and    vales  of  Ketituckv  and 
Tennessee  to  the  shores  of  the  Mississiiipi  even 
before  the  Uevolutionary  war  had  ceased  to  echo 
on  the  hills  of  the  Cai'olinas.   It  is  not  necessary 
to  claim  that  these  who  passed,  in  the  '30s  and 
'40s,   the  gates  of  the    Rocky   tnoiintains  were 
greater  and   nobler    than  thos(i  who,    before  the 
beginning  of  the  century,  had   forced    those  of 
the   Alleghanies  to  give  these  a  title  to  all  the 
honor  that   bravery  and  hardihood  and  patrio't- 
ism  can  possibly  confer  upon  mortals.      It  were 
honor  enough  that  these  sons  were   worthy  of 
their  sires,  and  that  the  daughters,  whoso  pres- 


ence graced  and  illmiiinated  the  mountain  biv- 
ouacs of  a  two  or  three  thousand  miles  emi- 
urant's  trail  to  Orejjon.and  were  the  lone  settler's 
cabin's  chief  charm  and  glory  on  the  |)rairie 
shores  of  the  Willamette  during  the  decade  of 
1840  and  1850,  were  worthy  of  the  mothers 
whose  company  was  alike  the  joys  and  inspira- 
tion of  the  two  or  three  hundred  mile's  trail  to 
the  ;  Hiio  and  the  Tennessee  in  the  decades  of 
1790  and  1800.  There  was,  indeed,  -jre  of 
danger  and  more  of  deprivation  in  tlii^  earlier  than 
in  the  later  hegira,  but  both  fully  paralleled  any 
great  conquering  movement  of  luimrtiiity  in  any 
jKMMod  of  the  world's  history.  It'  there  was  in 
these  less  of  the  noise  of  battles,  and  less  (jf  the 
bannered  heraldry  of  war,  there  was  not  neces- 
sarily less  of  real  victory,  but  rather  the  moro, 
for  the  victories  of  peace  arc  always  nobler  than 
those  of  war.  An  American  must  needs  dwell 
with  jieculiar  pride  on  the  fact  that  this  great 
resistless  on-sweeping  How  westward  of  the  most 
strongly  impulsed  of  the  great  mass  of  the  "  com- 
mon people"  of  this  continent,  was  what  tinall)' 
settled  the  most  vexing  and  troublesome  (jues- 
tions  of  international  dispute  that  tliis  country 
ever  encountered.  Diplomacy  must  needs  wait 
on  emigration,  and  a  nation's  claim  must  wait 
on  the  people's  poBSbsaion.  Nothing  can  bo 
settled  with  the  people.  The  grants  of  kings, 
long  since  discrowned  the  edicts  of  parliaments 
in  capitals  far  beyond  the  seas,  the  charters  of 
corporatiiins  and  companies  given   by   assumed 


H.W. 


uisronv  or  dukoon- 


117 


owners  (iro  nothiiiji;.  It  is  tlie  people  tlmt  aspiire 
iiltimrttely  all  (jliiiiiiB  and  pretenccH  by  tlieirouii 
presence  anil  will  and  work.  So  it  was  in  On!- 
gon;  anil  in  trailing  the  history  of  Orej^on  im- 
migration we  trace  the  movement  of  the  people 
that  Hnally  and  potentially  settled  all  "Oref^on 
<(ne!'ticnis, ''  and  yave  the  United  States  her  most 
miignitieent  seaboard  and  her  fairest  and  Tiiost 
fruitful  realm. 

The  (jnc-tion  of  the  posBibility  of  peoplinjj; 
Oregon  by  emigration  was  settled  by  a  move- 
ment that  was  somtiwhat  beyond  thecalcnlations 
of  the  mere  jiolitical  economist.  It  was  the 
religions,  the  missioiiftry,  the  faith  element  that 
opened  the  way,  not  as  an  end,  bat  as  a  result  of 
its  adventure.  The  subject  of  emigration  to  tiie 
I'acific  coast  had  been  long  debated  in  the  East- 
ern States,  but  until  these  avant  couriers  had 
actually,  in  a  single  summer,  passed  to  the 
western  shores,  it  was  deemed  impracticable, 
impossible.  In  ISOA-lhOS-lSOO  Lewis  and 
Clarke  and  their  company  of  men,  schooled  in 
the  hardest  discipline  of  wood-craft,  had  needed 
three  or  fonr  years  to  make  the  journey  and  re- 
turn. In  1810  and  1811  Nelson  Price  Hunt, 
with  the  lainl  portion  of  John  Jacob  Astor's 
great  mercantile  association,  b.ad  suffered  famine, 
starvation,  almost  death  in  the  wild  mountains 
and  amid  the  thirsty  deserts  of  Snake  river,  and 
hail  finally  reached  the  month  of  the  Columbia, 
more  dead  than  alive,  after  two  seasons  of  the 
most  desperate  efl'ort.  To  carry  women  and 
children  and  household  goods  and  gods  over  such 
inountuins  and  across  such  deserts  was  felt  to  be 
the  scheme  of  enthusiasts.  Still  the  enthusiasts 
were  right,  and  their  enthusiasm,  as  is  often 
the  case,  was  the  hiijhest  and  most  foresiithted 
reason. 

The  first  effort,  of  which  we  can  find  any 
record,  to  indtice  emigration  to  Oregon  was 
maile  in  1817,  and  was  made  liy  Hall  J.  Kelley, 
of  Boston.  The  question  of  the  restoration  of 
Astoria  to  the  United  States,  under  the  provi- 
sions of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  was  then  pendinjr 
between  the  United  States  and  (treat  Britain, 
and  Mr.  Kelley,  with  the  instinct  of  true  states- 


mnnship,  nrged  the  immediate  occupation  of  the 
country  in  dispute  by  American  settlers.  There 
was  no  reponse,  and  yet,  nnilismayed,  he  con- 
tinued his  a|)peals  and  elfort!*  until,  in  1829,  he 
organizeil  a  company  called  "The  American 
Society  for  tl.e  Settlement  of  the  Oregon  Terri- 
tory." which  was  incorjiorateil  by  the  Legislature 
of  Massachusetts.  In  1S31  the  soci(!ty  presenteil 
a  menmriid  to  Congress,  ably  setting  forth  its 
designs,  dcrscribing  the  beauty  and  value  of  the 
country,  showing  the  evident  designs  of  (-ireat 
Hritain  upon  it,  and  closing  with  this  rather 
rennu'kable  and  impressive  appeal: 

"  Now  therefore  your  nieniorialists,  in  behalf 
of  a  large  nnmber  of  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  would  respectfully  ask  Congress  to  assist 
them  in  carrying  into  operation  the  great  pur- 
pose of  their  institution;  to  grant  tlunn  troo|)s, 
artillery,  military  arms  and  nninitiims  of  war, 
for  the  security  of  the  contemplated  settlement; 
to  incorporate  their  society  with  the  power  to 
extinguish  the  Indian  title  to  such  tracks  and 
extent  of  territory,  at  the  month  of  the  Colum- 
bia and  the  junction  of  the  Mnltnomah  with  the 
Columbia,  as  may  be  adequate  to  the  laudable 
aim  and  pursuits  of  the  settlors,  and  with  sindi 
other  rights,  powers,  rights  and  immunities  as 
may  be  at  least  equal  and  concurrent  to  those  given 
by  Parliament  to  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company; 
and  such  as  are  not  repugnant  tc  the  stipula- 
tions of  the  convention  made  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States,  when  it  was 
agreed  that  any  country  on  the  Northwest  coast 
of  America  to  be  westward  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  should  bo  free  and  open  to  the  citi- 
zens and  subjects  of  the  two  powers  for  a  term 
of  years ;  and  to  grant  them  such  other  rights 
and  ])rivilege8  as  may  contribute  to  the  means 
of  estai)lishing  a  respectable  and  prosperons 
community." 

Congress  gave  no  heed  to  this  j)rayer;  whether 
wisely  or  unwisely  may  bo  subject  of  debate. 
Whether  its  non-action  deferred  or  changed  the 
ultimate  decision  of  the  "  Oregon  question  "  can- 
not be  told.  The  writer  is  inclined  to  the  opinion 
that  the  time  had  not  come  for  decisive  measures. 


IIM 


IIISlOllY     ilF    illtKdDN. 


f 


TIlRt  lit  tllid  jllllCtlll'O  till!  lulviuitii^us  of  tliu 
Bitimtinn  wero  witli  Eiijj;liiii(l  iiistoiul  ol  the 
IJniteJ  Stiitf-,  mill  Imii^IiuhI  whs  liutter  |ii'ejmi't'iJ 
to  assert  iiiid  iniiintiiin  Ikm'  niitlioi'ify  uvor  Oru- 
^oii  then  thiiii  Wiis  thu  Initiil  IStiites.  While, 
tiiiM'ut'iii'o,  Mr.  KcUey's  theory  was  wise  anil 
stiiti'siniinlikc,  ami  the  unly  uiif  that  ccuhl  iilti- 
iimti'ly  win,  the  tiiiu'  luui  nut  yet  euiiie  for  the 
derisive  action  l>y  (Jon;;ress  that  was  asked  in 
till!  petition.  'I'he  ••  Society,"  however  was  not 
discotiraj^ed.  Mr.  Kelley  was  appointed  ita 
f/eneral  ai^eiit,  mid  continued  his  enthusiHStie 
etl'orts  and  ajipeals.  In  1881,  Mr.  Kelley,  for 
the  society  iesiied  a  ••  circular '"  to  pertoiia  de- 
siring to  unite  in  an  •'  Orej^on  settlement  to  be 
coiiiiiieiiced  in  the  sjirinj;  of  1832,  on  the  de- 
lightful and  fertile  banks  of  the  Colllliibia 
river."  The  circular  stated  that;  ••  It  has  been 
coiiteniplated  for  iiiiiny  years  to  settle  with  the 
free  and  enlightened  but  redundant  |)Opulntion 
from  the  American  Republic,  that  portion  of 
her  territory  called  Oregon,  bounded  on  tlie 
I'acitic  ocean  and  lying  between  the  forty-sec- 
ond and  forty-nintii  jiarallols  of  north  latitude." 

The  plan  of  the  company  thus  outlined  was  to 
have  been  carried  into  effect  in  1832,  iiut  the 
failure  of  Cungress  to  provide  for  any  assistance 
for  the  enterprise  caused  it  to  be  abandoned  for 
that  year.  One  of  its  agents  however,  Mr.  Na- 
thaniel .1.  Wyetli,  of  whose  history  and  work 
mention  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  history,  did 
cross  the  continent  with  a  small  body  of  lioston 
men  in  1833  and  returned  the  following  year 
to  prepare  for  a  lar^e  personal  venture  in  the 
line  of  eiiiiirration  ami  trade.  So  clearly  diil 
,Mr.  Kelley  coinpieiiend  the  geograpldcal  and 
commercial  relations  of  Oregon  at  that  time 
that  be  had  laid  out  upon  paper,  splendid  city 
plats  at  the  month  of  the  Columbia,  where  As- 
toria now  is,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Midt- 
noinali — or  Willamette — and  the  Columbia 
river  where  I'ortland  tiiiw  is,  and  in  these  cities 
yet  to  be,  each  emigrant  was  to  have  a  "town 
lot,"  and  Bomewliere  else  a  farm. 

Mr.  Ivelley's  personal  connection  with  Oregon 
was  but  slight  and  short,  attempting  to   freight 


a  vessel  and  fuiiing,  he  sought  to  open  avcniioH 
of  overland  trade  through  Mexico  whose 
revenue  otlicers  conliscated  the  greater  jiart  of 
his  goods.  He  finally  readied  Vancouver  Oc- 
tober 15,  1834.  His  health  soon  failed  and  in 
March,  1830,  he  departed  for  liis  home  having, 
lost  $'](),()!)()  in  his  elforts  to  eoloni/.e  Oregon. 
Ijiit  while  losing  this  he  gained  a  place  in  IiIb- 
tory,  and  his  name  is  gratefully  mentioned  as 
the  earliest  and  one  of  the  truest  friends  of  the 
"Americanization  of  Oregon."  No  history  of 
Oregon  can  be  written  that  does  not  thus  record 
the  name  of  Hall. I.  Kelley.  Many  nion  have 
found  a  much  lower  place  in  history  at  much 
greater  cost  and  effort,  so  that,  to  him,  his  Hnan- 
cial  loss  for  Oregon  was  moral  and  historic  gain 
for  himself. 

Kroin  1830  to  1841  there  was  little  that 
might  be  called  immigration  into  Oregon.  True 
various  missionary  comjianies  arrived  in  the 
conntry,  as  noted  elsewhere,  but  few  of  these 
contemplated  at  tirst  a  permanent  residence,  al- 
though many  of  the  persons  comprising  these 
companies  did  finally  remain  anil  took  place 
among  the  most  intelligent,  jiatriotic  and  enter- 
prising citizens.  Also  quite  a  number  of  per- 
sons, who  had  formerly  been  connected  with  the 
various  trapping  and  trading  companies  in  the 
Itocky  mountain  regions  had  grown  tired  of 
their  percarions  and  dangerous  employment,  and 
came  down  into  the  Willamette  valley  and  set- 
tled upon  land  claims.  Some  of  these,  too,  held 
honorable  and  useful  places  in  the  subsefjiient 
history  of  the  country,  and  did  much  to  help  for- 
ward the  cause  of  the  Americanization  of  Oregon. 
The  records  of  both  these  classes  will  appear  in 
there  jtroju'r  places  in  this  history. 

in  the  autumn  of  1841  the  iirst  regular  emi- 
gration to  the  Willamette  valley,  consisting  of 
111  persoi.s  came  through  the  fastnesses  of  the 
mountains,  thus  nearly  doubling  the  white  pop- 
ulation of  the  country  at  once.  Pndiably  at  the 
end  of  1841,  in  all  the  region  that  now  consti- 
tntes  the  States  of  Oregon,  Washington  and 
Idaho,  there  were  not  over  300  wdiites,  not 
counting    those  connected    with    the    Hudsoirs 


du;== 


ffisfonr  OF  oRKonN. 


IIH 


liiiy  ('oiiipiinv.  Tlic  uinignttidii  of  tliis  yeur. 
bclieviiic^  it  iiii|)()Hsil)l('  to  ('rot's  the  iiiouiitiiinn 
with  wiii^oiiB,  iiimh-  no  iitti;iiipt  todoso.  hut  per- 
formed the  JaborioUB  journey  "f  2,()U()  miles 
from  the  Missoiiri  frontic^r  on  horsehiiek.  Ilow 
tiicy  ('Diild  inive  lieun  so  misled  in  rei^ard  to  the 
difficulties  of  the  way  wppeiirs  a  mystery,  since 
nonnevillo  eijjht  years  het'iire,  and  Dr.  Whit- 
man six  years  before,  had  each  taken  wagons 
far  beyond  tiie  ereete  of  tiie  liockies,  and 
the  American  I''iir  (Company  had  freiiuently 
taken  them  as  far  as  Mink  river,  but  a  little 
eastward  of  the  crest,  lint  as  they  were  misled,  so 
determined  was  their  purpose  of  emiirration  that 
they  cheerfully  performed  thi;  herculean  task  of 
packing  all  their  goods  on  horses  and  mules, 
loading  and  unloadinir  them  morning  and  eve- 
ning, for  the  entire  2,000  miles. 

Meantime  while  the  first  spray  of  the  rolling 
sea  of  American  emigrants  that  was  soon  to 
follow  was  touching  the  shores  of  Oregon,  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  seeinjr  the  danger  to 
their  own  j)urpo8Cs  of  permitting  the  people  of 
the  United  States  to  gain  a  preponderance  in  Ore- 
gon, organized  a  scheme  of  emigration  from 
thrdr  own  Red  river  colonies.  Sir  George  Simp- 
son,governorof  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  who 
crossed  the  country  from  Montreal  to  Vancouver 
during  tho  summer  of  IS-tl,  described  thisemi- 
gi'ation  as  consisting  of  twenty-three  families, 
the  heads  being  generally  young  and  active." 
They  reached  Vancouver  in  September,  and 
were  located  by  the  company  near  their  ('owlitz 
farm,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  head  of  Puget  .•jound. 
Quite  a  number  of  them,  being  dissatisfied  with 
their  location,  moved  the  next  year  to  the  Wil- 
lamette valley,  notwithstanding  the  desire  bf  the 
company  to  strengthen  the  pretensions  of  Great 
Britain  to  the  country  north  of  the  Columbia 
river  by  retaining  them  there. 

The  emigration  of  1842,fbr  various  reasons, 
took  a  very  important  place  in  the  early  history 
of  Oregon.  It  consisted  of  only  109  persons 
in  all,  but  nearly  half  of  them  were  adult.s,  and 
many  of  these  were  men  who  sut)se(piently  at- 
tained considerable   prominence  in  the  country 


and  coiitriluiled  not  a  lilth;  to  ils  prohperity. 
With  this  compar.y  came  l)r.  Klijah  White, 
who  bore  a  commission  as  »ub  Imlian  agent  l'<>r 
till'  region  west  of  the  iiocky  mountains,  ami 
has  the  historical  distinction  ul  being  the  lirst 
commissioned  representative  of  the  ( iovcrnnierit 
of  the  United  States  resident  in  <  )rcgon.  |)r. 
White's  place  in  Oregon  history  is  smnewhat 
nnicjue.  He  came  to  the  country  tir.-t  a*  a 
physician  to  the  Nfethodist  mission,  but  on  ac- 
count of  a  disagreement  witli  its  superintendent, 
Ilev.  .lason  Lee,  and  with  other  memiicrs  of  the 
mission,  returned  to  the  Eastern  States.  His 
residence  of  some  years  in  Oregon  and  his  giMi- 
eral  intelligence  in  regaril  to  the  country  itself, 
nmde  it  easy  for  him  to  secure  the  attention  of 
the  (iovernment,  and,  though  his  mental  and 
moral  characteristics  did  not  commend  him  to 
the  people  of  Oregon,  he  now  returns  commis- 
sioned to  the  most  important  place  in  the  col- 
ony. While  Ur.  White  jiersonallv  was  obnox- 
ious to  many  of  the  people  whose  relations  to 
the  Indian  tribes  ho  was  to  arbitrate,  yet  the 
fact  that  ho  returned  bearing  a  Government 
commission  went  far  tf(  reconcile  the  people 
toward  him,  as  it  was  a  proof  that  the  Govern- 
ment was  not  entirely  forgetful  of  the  feeble 
Pacific  colony,  however  slow  it  seemed  to  be  in 
asserting  its  interest  in  them.  He  had  also 
been  one  of  the  main  promoters  of  the  emigra- 
tion, using  his  prominence  as  an  appointee  of 
the  Government  to  gain  recruits  to  the  standard 
of  emigration,  and  the  people  wore  gratefully 
glad  for  any  influence  that  added  white  faces  to 
the  dark  visage  of  humanity  on  the  western 
coast.  So,  much  of  the  antipathy  of  the  people 
to  Dr.  White  as  a  man  and  a  missionary,  was 
allowed  to  slumber,  or  was  ke[»t  out  of  sight, 
and  the  good  he  could  do  them  as  an  officer  of 
the  (Tovernment  the  rather  .thought  of.  Tho 
justice  of  liistory,  which  neither  criticises  with 
prejudice  nor  praises  with  partiality,  compels 
the  statement  that  his  work  was  often  nseful  to 
the  rising  commonwealth,  although  on  the 
whole  he  sadly  disap])ointed  the  hopes,  if  not 
the  expectations,  of  the  people  of  Oregon. 


I 


I       < 


L»     I 


I.M) 


JllSTOlO      ('A     (lUh:iH).\. 


With  thin  etnigration  e»tn«  L.  \V.  IIii8tiMg« 
iiml  A.  L.  I.ovfjov,  two  111. 'II  \vli<i  liiMMiiu:  [iroiii- 
iiii'iit  ill  till-  history  of  the  IVnilory,  Hinl  iiltto 
!•'.  X.  MattliiiMi  iind  iMimIdi'iiid  Cnivvt'onl,  inoii 
wiio  for  liiilf  11  century  in  tiic  political  iiini  I'ivii 
lilt'  of  Orc^joii  nxi'i'cisi'il  ii  iiiojclin^  ami  suliitary  | 
iiilliiunci'.  I 

As  tliirt  was  thp  first  iMiiiffiation  lliat  attcin|itiMl  I 
tlic  entire  journey  to  ()rt'o;on  witli  \v«j.'ons,  it  is 
proper  tlmt  we  let  one  of  its  niiiiiher,  lion,  Me- 
(loriiiii  Cj'rawfonl,  tell  a  part  of  tlie  story  of  the 
journey  in  \\\6  own  way,  |)reiiiisiiii^  tiiat  at 
(treuii  river  it  was  deuniuil  hest  to  diRinantle 
half  tlie  wa^'oiiH  and  resort  to  tlie  iiior(<  prim- 
itive iiietiiod  of  paefiiiij;  for  tlie  remainder  of 
the  journey.  Of  the  journey  froih  Oreon  river 
Mr.  ('rawford  says: 

•■  Horses,  inuleo  and  oxen  were  pac.iied  witii 
such  clothiiijr,  utensils  and  provisions  as  were 
iiidispeiisai)ie  for  our  daily  wants,  and  with 
heavy  iiearts  many  artioles  of  coinfort  and  con- 
venience wiiich  had  h  jeii  carefully  carried  and 
eared  for  duriii;;  the  loni^  journey  were  left  Ik;- 
hind.  About  the  Miiddle  id'  Angnst  we  arrived 
at  Fort  Hall,  then  an  iinportant  tradinj^  post 
helongiii^  to  ilie  lliidsoirs  l>ay  <  /oiiipuny.  From 
Captain  (rrant,  his  otlicers  and  employes  we 
received  such  favors  and  assistance  as  can  only 
he  apjireeiated  hy  worn-out  and  destitute  emi- 
grants. Here  the  remaining  wagons  were  left, 
and  our  coMi]iany,  no  longer  attempting  to  keep 
up  an  organization,  divideil  into  small  parties, 
each  traveling  as  fast  as  their  cireumstances 
would  permit,  following  the  well-beaten  trail  of 
the  Hudson's  Hay  t'ompany  from  Fort  Hall  to 
Walla  Walla,  now  Wallula.  The  small  party 
to  which  I  was  attached  was  one  month  travel- 
ing from  Fort  Hall  to  Dr.  Whitman's,  where 
we  were  most  hospitaiily  reccive<i,  and  stipplied 
with  tlour  and  vegetable.s  in  abundance,  a  very 
acceptable  chanrfe  after  subsisting  almost  en- 
tirely on  butl'alo  meat  from  Fort  Laramie  to 
Fort  Hall,  and  on  salmon  from  !''ort  Hall  to 
Whitman's.  In  fact  there  had  not  been  in  any 
mess  a  mouthful  of  bread  since  leaving  Laramie. 

••  From   Walla  Walla   Dr.   White  and    some 


others  took  passage  down  the  Coliiiiibia  river 
on  the  Hudson's  I'liv  Coiiipaiiy's  lioats  or  ca- 
noes, and  still  others,  and  the  larger  portion  of 
the  emigriiiits,  (grossed  the  ('useuile  inountaiiiA 
oil  tilt!  <ild  liidiup  trail.  I''rom  Foi t  Hall  to  tlio 
Willamette  no  precaution  was  taken  against, 
nor  slightest  apprehension  felt  of,  Indian  hostil- 
ity; nor  were  we  in  any  instance  molested  by 
them;  on  the  contrary  they  fiirnishud  us  with 
salmon  and  game,  hikI  rendered  us  valuable  as- 
sistance for  very  trilling  rewards.  From  Walla 
Walla  to  the  Willamette  falls  occupied  about 
twenty  days,  and,  all  things  considered,  was  thu 
hanlest  part  of  the  entire  jouriu^y  what  with 
the  drifting  sands,  rocky  dill's  and  rapid  slrea  lis 
along  the  (.'oliimbia  river,  and  the  gorges,  tor- 
rents and  thickets  of  the  Cascade  ni  luntaiiis,  it 
seems  incredilile  how,  with  our  worn-out  and 
emaciated  animals,  we  over  reachod  our  des- 
tination. '' 

Those  who  in  later  ye.ars  and  under  more 
favorable  conditions  traversed  the  same  road, 
when  they  read  this  description  of  the  disor- 
ganized and  careless  journey  of  the  eniigratioii 
of  1842  Wonder  how  a  single  one  of  that  com- 
pany survived  t'u  pi.'rils  of  that  1,000  miles 
journey  from  Fort  Ii'  II  to  the  Willamette  set- 
tlements arising  froiii  Indian  hostilities,  la(d<  of 
food,  and  the  ii.'t'jiital  dangers  of  wilderness 
travel.  Thai  Huy  did  seems  little  less  than  a 
miracle. 

When  this  immigrant  company  had  become 
blended  with  the  former  wdiite  jiopulatioii,  the 
entire  census  of  Oregon  showed  less  than  oOO 
souls. 

In  the  history  of  iiiimigration  into  Oregon 
we  come  now  to  the  one  that,  historically,  has 
had  greater  prominence  and  wider  consideration 
than  any  other,  namely,  that  of  iS-tiJ.  It  will 
require  a  somewhat  broader  treatment  than  any 
other,  because  so  many  j)ersonal  elements  have 
entered  into  its  consideration,  and  because  some 
names,  dear  to  the  people  of  Oregon  and  of  the 
whole  country,  were  identified  with  it, — There 
has  been  much  controvertiy  about  the  part 
played  in  its  history  by  Dr.  Whitman,  and  many 


nisruHY  Oh'  oimnoN. 


I '.'I 


of  the  iilili'Ht  wi'itcri*  of  tlio  cimnt  Imvi-  vontiiriMl 
liistdi-y  mid  ci'iticMr.:!!  iiiiil  i)|iiiiiiiii  ii|)iiii  it,  -per- 
liii[m  all  tiii;_'i'il,  Mioic  or  Ic-is,  willi  tii-  lilies  of 
roiiiiinci',  wliicii  tlio  ii(!tn  ol'  bo  ciiivMlroiin  and 
(letfriiiintMl  a  leiuli'i'  ««  Dr.  Wliilmim  wen'  well 
ciilciiliitt'd  to  throw  ovc:  it.  It  cuiiu'.  too.  in 
the  urihiK  of  our  initi(.nal  e<)ntro\-erny  >vitli  (ireut 
Jtritain  in  rugaril  to  the  ovvnernliip  and  lioiiml- 
niv  of  Oregon,  ami  neeiiicd,  at  least,  to  a  riiper- 
ficial  ohservati'  i,  the  decisive  factor  in  its  de- 
toriniiiRtiriTi  in  I'uvor  of  the  United  Htates.  For 
these  reasons  it  hecoines  necessary  to  discnss 
both  tile  motives  atid  the  facts  that  dL-tinyiiished 
this  above  all  other  iinniignitioim.  In  doing  ho 
wi!  shall  endeavor  to  leave  out  of  slight  claims 
made,  for  the  first  time,  liy  writers  a  ([iiarter  of 
II  century  after  the  events  recoriled  tranHpiretl, 
eonct'ived,  it  may  i)e,  under  the  influeiK'c  ot'  very 
jiartial  rrienilslii|)  ami  coni|iaiiionshi|i:  or  if  not 
that  then  in  the  prejudice  of  opposition  and  por- 
Honal  rivalry,  either  of  which  cannot  assist  care- 
ful and  judicial  historic  conclusions.  Only  as 
wu  carefully  mark  the  trend  of  events  and  dis- 
ffufsions  relatini;  to  Oregon,  both  in  Orejjon  it- 
self and  the  Kastern  States,  around  the  firesides 
of  the  people  and  in  the  halls  of  ConijresR,  and 
study  them  in  relation  to  the  philosophy  of 
iiiimau  action  as  we  understand  it,  can  we  arrive 
nt  a  just  and  satisfactory  conclusion.  And,  in 
writing  the  history  of  the  inimiifration  of  1843, 
if  we  cannot  write  thus  it  will  ho  iin|ios8ible  to 
give  any  adequate  and  proper  understanding  of 
it.  First  of  all,  then,  the  causes  that  impelled  it. 
With  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty  between 
Great  I'ritain  and  the  United  States,  which  ter- 
minated in  an  agreement  of  "joint  oi'cupancv" 
of  th.o  country  by  the  citizens  of  tlu'  two  powers 
with  equal  rights  and  privileges,  the  public 
luind  in  the  United  States  settled  into  the  con- 
clusion that  the  ultimate  ownership  of  Oregon 
Would  be  determined  by  real  occupancy.  It  was 
tolerably  evi<leiit  that  the  peojile,  whether  Eng- 
lish or  American,  would  decide  the  question 
that  negotiation  could  not  settle,  and  that  neither 
party  felt  willing  to  sulimit  to  the  decision  of 
arms,  on  the  soil  of  Oregon   itself   that  homes 


ami  herds,  plows  and  faetoriiis,  schoidhoiiHes  and 
cliiirclies,  woulil  become  the  dotormiiiing  factors 
ill  the  coiitliel.  In  the  light  of  this  coiicjusioii 
the  imniiiifiation  of  IM.?.  far  more  than  those 
preceding  them,  must  bestudie<l. 

The  people  of  the  western  fro-itier  had  be- 
come  familiar  with  Oregon.  The  praises  of  its 
mild  climate  ami  the  stories  of  its  wonderful 
productiveness  had  been  recited  in  their  oars  by 
returning  travelers  and  adventurers,  and  many 
of  their  own  kinsnien  hail  already  settled  in  if 
and  written  back  tlu^  same  wonderful  recitals. 
In  coii>equence  the  fronticsmen  who  arejilways 
trtiinbling  with  the  excitement  and  l(i\eofad 
venture,  felt  the  thrill  of  desire  to  try  the  en- 
ticing journey — enticing  to  them  because  of 
its  very  perils — to  the  better  land  and  brighter 
clime  lieyond  the  wesiern  mountains.  I'esides 
the  "Oregon  Bills,"  which  lii'.d  been  introduceil 
into  Congress  by  Senator  Liiiii.  of  Missouri,  in 
the  fail  of  184:2,  makiiii;  provision  for  the  e>tab. 
lir-hitient  of  a  line  of -'stockaded  forts  from  some 
point  on  the  Missouri  and  Arkansas  rivers  into 
the  best  pass  for  entering  the  valley  of  the  Ore 
gon;  and,  also  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
luml)ia  river;"  and  also  to  "secui;^  the  grant  of 
640  acres  of  land  to  every  white  male  inhabitant 
of  the  Territorv  of  Oreifoii,  of  the  aw  of  eii'ht- 

.  f^  s^  D 

een  years  and  upward,"  besides  other  provisions 
highly  advantageous  io  the  settlers,  had  given 
assurances  to  the  people  that  their  action  in  re- 
moving to  and  settling  in  Oregon  would  cer- 
tainly recei\'-'  the  strong  support  of  theGovern- 
ment. 

The  course  of  negotiation  on  the  part  of  the 
Government  relating  to  Oregon  had  been  such 
before  this  time?  that  this  proposed  movenient 
by  Congress  cftme  not  too  soon,  nor  was  it  too 
favorable  for  the  end  desired.  L;'*^  us  glance  at 
that  course  for  a  moment: 

The  general  direction  of  the  treaty  stipula- 
tions into  which  our  Government  had  entered 
with  that  of  Great  Britain  in  regard  to  Oregon 
was  plainly,  in  its  result,  inimici!  lo  the  inter- 
ests of  the  United  States.  The  first  great  false 
step  was  tJie  "  treaty  of  joint  occupancy,"   as   it 


ih  i 


122 


nrsTOHY  OF  nuEnoN. 


>i  ,■ 


Wiis  uallcil,  ill  l.Sl">,  iiiulor  tlu' adiiiiiiistratioiiof 
Ml',  ^[■)lll•ll(^  liy  \.liicli,  ill  clKfC't.  our  Govern- 
iiu'iit  put  into  the  liaiids  of  the  Ilinlson's  Jjiiy 
Coiiipiuiy,  whieii  aliviicly  lliiiii<('ii  the  country, 
the  ])o\ver  and  right  by  treaty  to  enter  into  it 
with  their  driUcil  and  armed  •' servants,"  and 
took  from  itselt  tlie  riirjit  to  enter  any  protest 
against  tliat  really  ai'inecl  invnsion.  That  treaty 
was  for  ten  years,  and  expired  by  limitation  in 
iS'iS,  and  in  that  year  by  another  treaty  tlie 
provisions  of  tin;  former  were  extended  tintil 
one  oi'  the  other  i)arty  should  give  notice  for  its 
teriiiiniftion.  This  was,  if  |)Ossible.  a  greater 
blunder  than  the  former,  for  it  perpetuated 
what  else  were  dead  by  limitation,  and  made  all 
>ubse(juent  action  ninch  more  ditlicult  and  for- 
midable. Then  the  Ashburton  ne<:;otiiition. 
whieii  delined  the  boundary  lietw"en  the 
I  Hi  ted  State:-  and  Canada  as  far  west  ais  the 
siinimit  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  should,  and 
iinijiiestionably  niii^ht,  have  been  pressed  to  a 
Settlement  of  that  boundary  to  the  Pacitie  ocoan 
on  the  same  degree  of  latitude,  namely,  the 
forty- ninth.  Then,  most  unphilosoplii'  and 
unreasonable  of  all,  came  President  Tyler's  rec- 
ommendation to  discountenance  emigration  to 
Ori'non,  by  withholding  land  from  the  emiiirants 
until  the  two  Governments  had  settled  the  title 
— a  contingency  too  distant  and  doubtful  to  be 
counted  on.  and  wliich  could  only  inure  to  the 
adval'taJ^e  of  the  Iluilson's  Day  Comj)any,  re- 
presenting, and  in  that  sense  personating,  (rreat 
iiritaiii.  Tin's,  by  a  course  of  vacillation  and 
timidity,  if  not  incompetency,  the  Goverrmient 
put  in  iinii;inent  peril  its  title  to  Oregon,  and 
nearly  lost  the  stars  of  our  great  Northwestern 
States  from  the  banner  of  our   National  Union. 

jiut  in  America  the  people  are  always  greater 
than  the  (Government,  and  they  took  U|)  the 
work  of  saving  what  the  (io\ernment  had  so 
nearly  lost,  and  they  sueeee<led  where  it  had 
failed. 

All  these  facts  and  influences  converRcd  at 
once  on  the  minds  of  the  people  in  the  autumn 
of  1S42.  The  newspapers  of  the  land  heralded 
them    everywhere.      Oregon,    the    title    of    the 


United  States  to  it  and  the  purpose  of  Mnmigra- 
tion  into  it,  both  as  a  personal  and  j)atriatic  im- 
pidse,  was  the  theme  of  conversation  in  the 
cabins  of  the  frontiersmen  of  the  West  and  in 
the  homes  of  the  East.  The  writer  heard  it, 
talked  it,  felt  it  in  his  home  in  central  New 
York.  It  was  everywhere;  an  impulse,  an  iti- 
spiration,  a  movement  of  the  great  heart  of  the 
American  people.  By  and  by  we  shall  sec  its 
o\itcome. 

Coincident  with  this  impulse  toward  Oregon, 
which  was  moving  tlie  heart  of  the  East,  Ore- 
gon itself  was  thrilling  with  the  same  interest 
for  her  own  destiny.  Tiio  emigrants  of  fornior 
years  were  writing  flaming  and  exciting  letters 
to  their  friends  in  the  East.  The  missionaries, 
both  of  the  Methodist  and  American  Boanls,  as 
well  as  the  independent  missionaries,  filled 
column  after  column  of  the  great  church  papers 
in  the  Eastern  citie<>  with  religious  and  patriotic 
appeals.  Eor  the  number  of  its  jieople  at  that 
time,  no  new  country,  if  ever  any  old  country, 
had  a  larger  number  of  men  of  marked  ai)ility 
and  high  character  than  Oregon.  Among  tlie 
immigrant  civilians  were  those  already  iiaiued 
in  this  chapter  witli  others,  with  such  laynion 
in  the  mission  work  as  Whitman.  Abernethy, 
Gray,  Cam])b(>ll;  and  in  the  ministerial  field  such 
men  as  Lee,  Leslie,  Walker,  (iritfin,  Ilines, 
Waller,  Eels,' and  others,  all  of  whom  were  men 
before  they  wore  missionaries,  and  Americans 
before  they  were  churchmen.  These  were  all 
employed  from  within  Oregon  itself  in  awakcm- 
ing.  by  ttieir  private  correspondence  and  their 
published  letters,  a  widespread  public  interest 
in  all  the  nation  on  the  "Oregon  (juestion," 
and  thus  it  became  the  question  of  the  hour. 
These  reasons  alone  are  sufficient  to  account 
for  the  large  emigration  that  stood  on  the  banks 
of  the  Missouri  river  in  the  early  spring  of  1843 
with  their  faces  looking  toward  Oregon. 

Still  tliei'e  was  one  personal  i'lcidorit.  and  one 
person  having  such  a  romantic,  if  not  su'jli  a 
vital,  ctmnection  with  (his  emigrarion  as  to  re- 
ipiire  a  candid  and  somewhat  extended  discus- 
sion  befero  we  consitler  the  emigration  itself, 


BISTORT    OF    OREOON. 


123 


Tlmt  povBoii  WU8  Dr.  Marcus  Wliitiimn,and  tlie  in- 
ciileiit  was  of  his  perilous  winter's  ride  over  tlie 
frozen  deserts  and  tliroiigii  tlic  snow-  blocked 
mountain  passes,  from  his  mission  station  near 
Fort  Walla  Walla  to  St.  Louis,  with  tlie  purpose 
of  awaking  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
to  some  just  idea  of  the  value  of  Oregon,  and  of 
the  danger  of  its  alienation,  as  well  as  to  organize 
and  lead  back  an  emigration  to  take  possession  of 
tiie  country  as  settlers  in  tlie  interest  of  its 
Americanization.  While  something  of  romance 
has  been  thrown  about  this  "ride,"' — and  it  may 
have  been  invested  by  sorne  writers  with  greater 
results  than  it  really  accomplished, — -it  was  cer- 
tainly a  bold  and  romantic  venture,  and  its  re- 
sults entitle  Dr.  Whitman  to  a  unique  place  in 
the  histoiy  of  Oregon.  Narrated  as  briefly  as 
possible,  the  facts  of  his  journey  seem  to  be 
about  these: 

His  work  among  the  Indians,  like  all  the  In- 
dian missionary  work  in  Oregon,  had  proved  a 
comparative  failure.  The  board  under  whose 
direction  he  wrought  having  become  dissatisfied 
with  the  meager  rRsiilts  of  that  work,  had  de- 
cided to  abandon  that  station  and  had  given  di- 
rections accordingly.  Dr.  Whitman  tlisagroed 
with  the  jiulgmcTit  if  the  board,  and  sought 
the  approval  of  bis  fellow-missionaries  in  the- 
field  of  his  desire  to  return  to  the  States,  and 
represent  boforo  the  board  the  importance  of 
continuing  it.  At'ier  some  delay,  and  the  ex- 
hibition of  a  determination  on  his  part  to  go 
with  or  without  their  approval,  their  consent 
was  given,  liUd  October  3,  1842,  fixed  as  the 
time  for  his  departure. 

.Meanwhile  the  subject  of  the  struggle  be- 
tween the  Unitetl  States  and  Great  Britain  for 
the  actual  possession  of  Oregon  was  at  its 
height.  Dr.  Whitman  was  an  ii\ten8e  Ameri- 
can, and  must  have  felt  keenly  the  need  of 
early  and  eai-nest  action  in  behalf  of  his  own 
country.  lie  couhi  be  of  great  value  to  Ore- 
gon, coming  first  from  the  field,  and  possibly 
put  the  Government  into  trtier  relations  to  the 
ijuestions  pending  than  any  mini  then  in  Wash- 
ington,    besides,  at  this  juncture  the  emigra- 


tion of  1842  was  arriving,  and  the  tenor  of  the 
news  they  brought  was  that  negotiations  look- 
ing to  the  surrender  of  a  part  or  the  wholes  of 
Oregon  to  Great  Britain,  in  consideration  of 
certain  privileges  and  rights  on  the  fishing 
banks  of  Newfoundland,  were  pending  in  Wash- 
ington. This  added  new  force  to  Dr.  Whit- 
man's resolution,  and  unquestionably  broadened 
the  purpose  of  his  own  inind  in  his  journey. 
l5i:t,  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that,  before  this 
intelligence  from  the  emigrants  had  reached 
him,  his  plans  were  formed  and  the  date  cf  his 
departure  fixed.  Circumstances  enabled  him  to 
anticipate  that  date  by  a  couple  of  days, — an  im- 
portant consideration  to  his  journey,  as  winter 
was  already  near  at  hand.  While,  therefore, 
the  intelligence  brought  i)y  the  emigration 
served  to  confirm  Dr.  Whitman  in  the  '.fisdom 
of  the  resolution  ho  had  taken,  it  could  not 
have  been  the  reason  of  that  resolution,  as  some 
writers  have  endeavored  to  make  it  appear. 
Nor  does  this  in  aiiy  manner  depreciate  the 
value  of  the  services  of  Dr.  Whitman  to  Ore- 
gon, nor  detract  from  his  true  fame  as  one  of 
the  most  devoted  of  missionaries  the  most 
patriotic  of  citizens,  and  the  most  noble  and 
chivalric  of  men. 

Sj)ace  cannot  be  given  to  the  details  of  Dr. 
Whitman's  winter  journey  over  the  Rocky 
mountains  to  St.  Louis;  yot  as  it  has  a  connec- 
tion with  the  history  of  the  emigration  of  1843, 
and  incidentally  with  Oregon  history  in  a  broader 
sense,  some  notice  of  it  must  be  given. 

On  the  3d  of  October,  with  a  single  com- 
panion, he  left  his  mission  station  at  Waulitpii, 
on  the  Walla  Walla  river,  about,  twenty-five 
miles  from  the  Hudson  Bay  fort,  and  began 
his  [)erilou8  ride.  His  companion  was  Mr. 
Abbot  Lawrence  Lovejoy,  a  Massachusetts  man, 
as  his  name  snfKciently  indicates,  who  was  a 
member  of  the  immigration  of  that  season,  and 
had  only  reached  Waulitpu  about  a  week  be- 
fore. Ho  was  young  and  vigorous,  of  compact 
and  sinewy  form  and  well  adapted  to  brave  the 
liardshijis  that  were  before  him.  The  writer 
had  a  somewhat  intimate  acquaintance  with  Mr, 


\M\ 

i 

\     H'  1 

1  'Hi' 

■■ 

1  :m- 

I 

i 

IS 

i 

1  m 

i  ^9  1 

f  *" 

1 

( 

i 

; 

1 

li^ 

h 

3  I;  ,| 


i  I 


134 


iiisronr  of  ouegon. 


Lovejoy  siilibL'iiHuntly,  tor  at  least  twenty-five 
yeiii's,  and  oituii  con  versed  witli  him  in  roi^anl 
to  IJr.  Whitman's  mission  to  the  East  at  that 
time,  and  tlie  cireiimstances  attending  tlieir 
journey.  Dr.  Whit^man  himself  left  no  record  of 
it,  80  that  Mr.  Lovejoy's  is  its  authentic  story. 
According  to  that  account,  after  leaving  Wau- 
litpn  they  traveled  rapidly  through  tiie  J31iie 
mountains  and  n|(  the  valley  of  the  Snake  river, 
reachinj;  Fort  Ilall,  a  distance  of  400  miles,  in 
ehnen  days,  or  on  the  14th  of  October.  Here 
tlie.  direct  line  of  travel,  as  ])ursuei]  by  the 
emigrants  who  had  made  a  plain  waj^on  road 
to  tiie  NEissonri  river,  which  led  over  compara- 
tively low  mountain  spin's  until  it  reached  the 
hij;li  mountain  plain  that  borders  Green  river, 
and  then  throuij;li  the  wide  depression  in  the 
itoclcy  mountains  known  as  the  "South  Pass," 
thence  directly  down  the  waters  of  I'iatte  river 
to  the  Missouri.  For  some  reason  the  Doctor, 
instead  of  following  the  beaten  road,  which 
would  have  taken  him  at  his  rate  of  travel  be- 
yoiul  the  South  I'ass  in  two  weeks  from  Fort 
Hall,  took  a  more  southern  route,  via  Salt'Lake, 
Taos  and  Santa  Fe,  and  thence  to  St.  Louis, 
'i'his  t  '  him  out  of  the  open  way  into  the 
•■■'.' ■•v-K  !,!•  i  ost  snowy  of  the  Rocky  mouut- 
;.c'-.  ar.i!  ■■  least  doubled  the  necessary  travel. 
To  .vi'  the  difficulty  and  danger  of  the  way 
selected,  the  winter  storms  came  on  unusually 
early.  While  they  were  yet  involved  in  the 
mountains  between  Fort  Ilall  aiu!  Fort  Uinta, 
the  snows  lay  deep  around  thein,  and  between 
Fort  Finta  and  Fort  I'ncfdiipahgre,  on  the  waters 
of  Granile  river,  the  main  eastern  branch  of  the 
Colorado,  Ih  the  Sjianish  territory  and  yet 
wci-t  of  the  mountain  summits,  it  was  hardly 
possible  for  them  to  make  headway.  At  this 
tort  they  recruited  their  su))plies,  and  procuring 
a  guide  starteil  I'oi'  Taos  across  the  jnain  divide 
of  the  Rocky  niouu tains,  and  nearly  a  thousand 
miles  by  the  way  of  their  travel  from  Fort 
Hall.  Four  or  five  days  from  Fort  Uncompahgre 
they  encountered  a  terrific  storm,  when  tlieir 
guide  became  confused  and  Dr.  Whitman  was 
compelled    to   return   to  Fort  Uncompahgrc  to 


procure  a  new  one,  Mr.  Lovejoy  reniaininj< 
alone  in  thii  mountain  camp  with  the  animi'ls 
for  seven  days  ijcfore  his  return.  Recovering 
their  way,  it  was  yet  thirty  days  before  they 
reached  Taos,  antl  they  suffered  greatly  on  the 
way  from  cold  and  scarcity  of  food,  bein^  com- 
pelled to  use  mule  meat,  ilogs,  -inu  such  other 
animals  as  came  in  their  way.  After  remain- 
ing at  Taos  a  few  days  they  siarted  for  LJent's 
Foil,  on  the  headwaters  of  the  Arkansas  river. 
Still  misfortunes  attended  the.r  way.  Desir- 
ing to  reach  IJent's  Fort  more  speedily  than  his 
loaded  pack  animals  could  make  the  journey, 
tl;e  Doctor  selected  the  best  horse,  and  with 
blankets  and  a  little  food  rode  forward  alone. 
Ill  four  days  Mr.  Lovejoy  and  the  guide  ar- 
rived but  the  Doctor  had  not  been  seen  nor 
heard  of.  Mr.  liOvejoy  returned  a  hundred 
miles  on  the  trail,  but  could  only  hear  from  the 
Indians  that  a  lost  white  man  had  been  iinjuir- 
ing  the  way  to  Rent's  Fort.  About  the  eii,hth 
day  from  the  time  he  left  his  companions  he 
reached  the  fort,  worn,  we:iry,  and  desponding, 
as  he  believed  God  had  bewildered  him  for 
travelinj;  on  the  Sabbath — a  thinif  tiiat  he  had 
always  conscientiously  avoided. 

Leaving  Air.  Lovejoy  at  Rent's  Fort,  he  im- 
mediately pushed  forward  with  a  company  of 
mountaineers,  and  reached  St.  Louis  in  Febru- 
ary. He  had  been  over  four  months  on  the 
road.  Why  he  should  have  left  the  plain  rcjad 
leading  through  a  comparatively  open  country, 
fn^e  from  precipitous  mountain  ranges,  .iver 
which  he  himself  had  traveled  most  of  it  three 
times,  and  taken  one  so  much  longer,  leading 
through  the  most  rugged  portion  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  with  which  he  was  entirely  un- 
acijiiainted,  lias  never  been  decided. 

On  reaching  St.  Louis  Dr.  Whitman  found 
that  the  occasion  for  his  perilous  winter's  jour- 
ney, so  far  as  it  related  to  the  matter  of  ne- 
gotiations between  (treat  Britr.iii  and  the  Fiiico'S 
States  for  the  sale  of  Oregon  to  t!  ■  'orrner  ir; 
any  way,  did  not  exist.  Tlietreat>  hetweeii  (hu 
two  powers  known  as  the  Webster-A8lii)urton 
treaty  had  been  signed   on  the  'Jlh  of    August, 


YJf, 


I, 


HISTORY    OF    ORBGON. 


125 


mi-' 

ii;«Is 
ri.ijr 
HiL.y 
iie 
;o;ii- 

lior 
aiii- 
•11 1 's 
vor. 

-ir- 

h\i 

'7., 
nth 


precediuif,  iieiirly  two  tnoiitliB  before  his  jour- 
ney. The  Oregon  l)oiindary  had  not  heen  in- 
cluded in  tile  treaty,  nor  even  discussed  liy  Mr. 
Webster  and  Mr.  Ashburton,  representing  the 
two  governments.  Consequently  the  danger  of 
the  loss  of  Oregon  by  the  United  States  had 
not  l)een  so  itnniinent  as  he  had  supposed.  His 
purpose  however  was  none  the  less  patriotic,  nor 
his  bravery  in  endeavoring  to  carry  it  out  the 
less  admirable,  but  this  fact  certainly  demon- 
strates that  all  attempts  to  claim  for  him  the 
lionor  of  saving  Oregon  to  the  United  States 
must  prove  failures.  The  danger  of  losing 
Oregon  was  fully  averted  by  the  postponement 
of  the  boundary  question.  Ilis  presence  in 
Washington,  beginning  six  months  after  the 
treaty  was  signed,  and  nearly  '  as  long  after  its 
ratification  by  the  Senate,  could  not  have  in- 
fluenced the  decision  of  the  question  in  the  re- 
motest degree.  Nor  is  there  any  evidence  that 
he  personally  ever  made  such  a  claim.  Indeed 
it  is  clear  that  he  did  not,  but  that  it  was  made 
many  years  after  the  occurrences  narrated,  and 
lonu;  after  his  tragic  death  at  the  hands  of  the 
Indians  had  invested  his  name  with  the  halo  of 
martyrdom,  by  those  who  had  been  associated 
with  him  in  his  missionary  work,  and  grew  out 
of  their  admiration  of  his  character  and  their 
memory  of  the  purpose  that  largely  actuated 
him,  as  they  understood  it,  in  projecting  and 
performing  his  celebrated  journey.  It  is  not 
needful  to  attempt   further  explanation  of  the 


claim  that  was,  for  a  time,  strongly  current, 
tliat  Dr.  Whitman  "  alone  saved  Oregon  to 
the  United  States."  lie  did  his  part,  others 
did  theirs,  but  if  Dr.  Wiiitinan  had  not  lived, 
Oregon  would  have  been,  as  it  now  is,  a  great 
State  of  our  glorious  Union. 

On  Dr.  Whitman's  arrival  on  the  frontier  he 
found  that  great  preparations  were  being  made 
for  an  emigration  to  Oregon  in  the  opening 
spring.  The  desire  and  purpose  to  find  a  home 
in  the  Willamette  valley,  the  fame  of  whose 
climate  and  productiveness  had  already  spread 
far  and  wide,  was  becoming  a  contagion.  Re- 
sponding to  that  sentiment  Dr.  Whitman  wrote 
a  small  pamphlet  describing  the  country  and 
the  route  thither,  urging  people  to  emigrate 
and  aesuring  them  that  they  could  take  wagons 
through  to  the  Columbia,  and  promising  to 
join  the  emigration  and  act  as  its  pilot  on  his 
return  from  the  Eastern  States.  His  pamphlet, 
added  to  his  personal  appeals,  added  somewhat 
to  the  numbers,  and  largely  to  the  courage  and 
confidence  of  the  emigrants,  but  he  was  too 
late  to  initiate  the  great  public  movement  that 
resulted  in  the  large  emigration  of  that  year, — 
hiatorically  the  most  important  that  ever  en- 
tered Oregon,  as  it  put  such  a  preponderance 
of  American  people  and  American  sentiment 
into  Ore'Jon  as  to  assuredly  settle  the  jtositiou 
Oregon  itself  would  take  in  the  pending  in- 
ternational controversy. 


-^^€(i:ii)i^-^ 


TJfeV' 


I-.'C. 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


CHAPTEH  XIV. 


S    ■ 


IMMI0UAT10N8,  CONTINUED. 
Dk.  Marcus   Whitman — IIis    I{ki,atio..  -  Emiukation  <>k  184-3 — His  Winter   Jouknky — 

GrKAT   PuKrAKATIONS    KOK   EmIGUATIuIv  (I)ENTS  UK    EmKMJATION Mk.   NkSMITh'8     AcCOCNT 

— .\  Ni:\v  Era — Lieutkxant  Ficemont's  L.^'iiDiTioN — Emigration  of  1844— Divided  into  Com- 
panies—Sktti.ement  Nuuth  of  tiie  Columbia — Emigration  of  1845 — Prominent  Memiiers 
—  A  Nkw  ituT  DisASiKout*  Road— Emigration  of  1840 — Party  Taking  a  New  Route — 
Ml'cii  Suffi;rin(i — Tiie  Donner  Party — WA(ioN  Road  Across  the  Cascade  Mountains — 
Caught  in  the  Snows — Winter  in  the  Mountains — -Bari.ow  and  Rector — -Emigration  of 
1847 — Vamaui.e  Auditions— "Traveling  Nursery."  ' 


fHE  relation  of  Dr.  ^larcus  Wliitnian's 
visit  to  tiie  capital  of  the  nation,  and  iiis 
interview  witli  Mr.  Webster,  then  secre- 
tary of  State,  President  Tyler  and  other  public 
men,  to  the  emigration  of  1843,  was  not  so 
direct  and  powerful  as  it  was  to  the  final  cause 
of  diplomacy  on  the  still  pending  discussion. 
The  information  he  t;ave  from  his  own  per- 
sotiMJ  knowledge  of  the  country,  and  his  strong 
asjiurnnce  that  Oregon  could  be  settled  by  emi- 
gration from  the  Eastern  States  passing  over 
the  Rocky  mountains  on  wagons,  had  a  power- 
ful effect  on  the  sentiments  of  onr  public  men, 
and  gave  new  vigor  to  the  action  of  the  friends 
of  Oregon  in  Congress.  In  this  way  the  jonr- 
ney  of  Dr.  Whitman,  and  his  presence  for  a 
few  mouths  in  Washington  and  Hoston,  and  in 
other  leading  cities  of  the  East,  was  of  great 
benefit  to  the  young  commonwealth  on  the 
Pacific,  and  entitle  him  to  the  honorable  recog- 
nition of  history. 

It  is  as  well,  once  for  all,  that  we  give  some 
account  of  the  circiiinstaiiees  attending  the 
gathering,  de|)arture,  and  journey  of  an  emi- 
gration over  the  mountains  to  Oregon,  and  as 
the  emigration  of  1843  was  so  ])rominent  in 
Oregon's  early  history,  we  have  chosen  this  as 
the  place  in  which  to  do  §o.  As  to  the  gather 
ing  of  this  emigration  on  the  western  frontier 
of  Missouri  we  shall  permit  Hon.  J.  W.  Nes- 
mith,  a  young  member  of  the  emigration,  after- 


ward, for  many  years,  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent public  men  in  the  Territory  and  State,  and 
for  si.s  years  senator  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  for  Oregon,  to  tell  the  story  in 
his  own  well-cho.sen  words,      lie  says: 

"  Without  orders  from  any  quarter,  and  with- 
out preconcert,  promptly  as  the  grass  began  to 
start,  the  emigrants  began  to  assemble  near  In- 
dependence, at  a  place  called  Fitzhiie's  Mill. 
On  the  seventeentli  day  of  May,  1848,  notices 
were  circulated  through  tlie  different  encamp- 
ments that  on  the  succeeding  day  those  who 
contemplated  emigrating  to  Oregon  would  meet 
at  a  designated  point  to  organize.  Promptly  at 
the  appointed  hour  the  motley  groups  assembled. 
They  consisted  of  people  from  all  the  States 
and  Territories,  and  nearly  all  nationalities, 
the  most,  however,  from  Arkansas,  Illinois, 
Missouri  anil  Iowa,  an<i  all  .strangers  to  one 
anotlier.  but  impressed  with  some  crude  idea 
that  there  existed  ?ome  imperative  necessity 
for  some  kind  of  an  organization  for  mu- 
tual protection  against  the  hostile  Indians  in- 
habiting the  great  unknown  wilderness  stretch- 
ing away  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific,  and  which 
they  were  about  to  traverse  with  their  wives 
and  children,  household  goods  and  all  their 
earthly  possessions. 

"Many  of  the  emigrants  were  from  the  west- 
ern tier  of  counties  of  Missouri,  known  as  the 
Platte  Purchase,  and  among  them  was  Peter  H. 


oBmmam 


I 


UIHTOUY    OF    OliEGON. 


137 


Burnett,  a  former  merchant,  who  had  abaiiduned 
the  yardstick  and  become  a  lawyer  of  some 
celel)rity  for  his  ability  as  a  sinooth-tonj^ued 
advocate.  lie  suitseqiietitly  emij^ratud  to  Cali- 
t'ornia,  and  was  elected  the  tii-st  governor  of  the 
Ooldeii  State.  Mr.  Bnrnett,  or  as  he  was  fa- 
miliarly designated,  'I'^te,-*  was  called  upon 
for  a  spei'-'h.  Mounting  a  log  the  glibtongued 
orator  delivered  a  glowing,  florid  address.  He 
commenced  by  showing  his  audience  that  the 
tiien  western  tier  of  States  and  Territories  was 
overcrowded  by  a  redundant  population,  who  had 
not  sufficient  elbow  room  for  the  expansion  of 
their  enterprite  and  genius,  and  it  was  a  duty  they 
owed  to  themselves  and  posterity  to  strike  out 
in  search  of  a  more  extended  Held  and  a  more 
genial  climate,  where  the  soil  yielded  the  rich- 
est return  for  the  slightest  amount  of  cultiva- 
tion, where  the  trees  were  loaded  with  perennial 
fruit,  and  where  a  good  substitute  for  bread, 
called  La  Camash,  grew  in  the  ground,  Salmon 
and  other  fish  crowded  the  streams,  and  where 
the  principal  labor  of  the  settlers  would  be  con- 
lined  to  keeping  their  gardens  free  from  the  in- 
roads of  buffalo,  elk,  deer,  and  wild  turkeys. 
lie  appealed  to  our  patriotism  by  picturing 
forth  the  glorious  empire  we  would  establish  on 
the  shores  of  the  Pacific;  how,  with  our  trusty 
rifles,  we  would  drive  out  the  British  usurpers 
who  claimed  the  soil,  and  defend  the  country 
from  the  advance  and  pretensions  of  the  Britisli 
Lion,  and  how  posterity  would  honor  us  for 
placing  the  finest  portion  of  our  country  under 
tlie  dominion  of  the  stars  and  stripes.  He  con- 
cluded by  a  slight  allusion  to  the  hardships  and 
trials  incident  to  the  trip,  and  dangers  to  be 
encountered  from  hostile  Indians  on  the  route, 
and  those  inhabiting  the  country  whither  we 
were  bound.  He  furthermore  intimated  a 
desire  to  look  upon  the  tribe  of  'noble  red  men,' 
that  the  valiant  and  well-armed  crowd  around 
him  could  not  vanquish  in  a  single  encounter. 
"Other  speeches  were  made,  full  of  glowing 
description  of  the  fair  land  of  promise  in  the 
far-away  Oregon,  which  no  one  in  the  assem- 
blage had  ever  seen,  and  of  which  not  more  than 


half  a  dozen  had  ever  read  any  account.  After 
the  election  of  Mr.  Burnett  as  captain  and 
other  necessary  otHcers,  the  meeting,  as  motley 
and  primitive  a  one  as  ever  a-jsembled,  adjourned 
with  three  cheers  for  Captain  Buinett  and  Ore- 
gon. On  the  20th  of  May,  1843,  after  a  pretty 
thorough  military  organization,  wo  took  up  our 
line  of^  march,  with  Cajitain  John  Gantt,  an  old 
army  officer  who  combined  the  character  of 
trapper  and  mountaineer  as  our  guide.  Gantt 
had,  in  his  wanderings  been  as  far  as  Green 
river,  and  assured  us  of  the  pr.icticability  of  a 
wagon  road  thus  far;  Green  river,  the  extent  of 
our  guide's  knowledge  in  tiiat  direction,  was 
not  half-way  to  the  Willamette  valley,  the 
then  only  i:ihabited  portion  of  Oregon.  Beyori'l 
that  we  had  not  the  slightest  conjecture  of  the 
condition  of  the  country.  We  went  forth 
trusting  to  the  future,  and  would  doul)tless 
have  encountered  more  difficulties  than  we  ex- 
perienced had  not  Dr.  Whitman  overtaken  us 
before  we  reached  the  terminus  of  our  guide's 
knowledge.  He  was  familiar  with  t!ie  whole 
route,  and  was  conttdent  that  wagons  could 
pass  through  the  canons  and  gorges  of  Snake 
river  and  over  the  Blue  mountains,  which  the 
mountaineers  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Hall  de- 
clared to  bo  a  physical  impossibility. 

"Captain  Grant,  then  in  charge  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  at  Fort  Hall,  endeavored  to 
dissuade  us  from  proceeding  farther  with  our 
wagons,  and  showed  us  the  wagons  that  the 
emigrants  of  the  preceding  year  had  abandoned 
as  an  evidence  of  the  impracticability  of  our  de- 
termination. Dr.-  Whitman  was  persistent  in  his 
assertion  that  wagons  could  proceed  as  far  as 
the  grand  dalles  of  the  Columbia  river,  from 
which  point  he  asserted  they  could  be  taken 
down  by  rafts  or  batteaux  to  the  Willamette 
valley,  while  our  stock  could  be  driven  by  an 
Indian  trail  over  the  Cascade  mountains  near 
Mount  Ilood.  Happily  Whitman's  advice  pre- 
vailed and  a  large  number  of  the  wagons  with  a 
portion  of  the  stock  did  reach  Walla  Walla  and 
the  dalles,  from  which  points  they  'ere  taken  lo 
Willamette  the    following  year.     Had   we  fol- 


13a 


IirsroilY    OF    ORKdON. 


R  'I  '   . ! 


I    .        i 


\ 


»       I 


lowed  (iraiit's  advice  and  iil)imd()iied  the  cattlo 
and  wagons  nt  Fort  Hall,  niiicli  siitferiiig  inii«t 
hsve  eiisiit'il,  ns  a  sulHcifiit  ihimiIk-T  of  tiorses  to 
CHiry  tile  women  and  idiildren  of  tlie  party 
could  not  have  Ueeii  obtained:  besides  wagons 
and  cattle  were  indisj^ensahle  to  men  expecting 
to  live  by  farininfj;  a  country  destitute  of  such 
articles. 

"At  Fort  Hall  we  fell  in  ivitli  some  Cayuse 
and  Nez  I'erces  Indians  returnincr  from  tlio 
butlalo  country,  and  as  it  was  necessary  for  Dr. 
Whitinriii  to  precede  ns  to  Walla  Walla,  lie 
recoinniende<l  to  ns  a  guide  in  the  person  of  an 
old  Cayuso  Indian  called  '  Sticciis.'  He  was  a 
faithful  old  fellow,  perfectly  familiar  with  all 
the  trails  and  to[)0f!;rapliy  of  the  country  from 
Fort  Hall  to  the  dalles,  and  although  not  speak- 
ing a  word  of  English,  and  no  one  in  our  party 
a  word  of  Cayuse,  he  succeeded  l>y  pantomime 
in  taking  us  over  the  roughest  wagon  route  I 
ever  saw.'" 

This  quotation  from  Mr.  Nesmith  must  give 
our  readers  a  fair  idea  of  the  courage  and  deter- 
mination necL'ssary  in  this  early  day  to  face  the 
dangers  and  endure  the  discomforts  of  a  half 
year's  journey,  with  oxen  and  wagons  as  the 
iinaiis  of  travel,  over  the  desolate  plains  and 
through  the  rugged  mountains  that  lay  wide 
and  dark  between  the  Missouri  and  Willamette 
rivers,  a  distance  of  a  round  two  thousand  miles, 
[jiit  the  daily  march  over  the  dusty  and  sun- 
browned  leagues,  the  night's  weird  bivouac  un- 
der the  stars,  the  fording  of  rushing  rivers,  the 
ascent  and  descent  of  precipitous  mountains,  the 
lone  camp-guard,  the  thundering  stampede  of 
horses  and  oxen,  the  warning  and  warding  off  of 
Indian  attacks,  amid  the  crouching  of  frightened 
children,  or  the  suppressed  sobbing  of  timid 
women,  these  must  have  been  seen  and  experi 
eiiced  to  be  understood  as  they  existed  in  reality 
from  1S41,  when  emigration  began,  to  1860, 
about  which  lime  the  pioneer  emigrant  era  of 
Oregon  may  he  considered  to  have  closed. 

In  the  emigration  of  this  year  were  many 
men  whose  names  became  very  prominently 
connected    with    the    history    of    the   country. 


Among  these  may  be  mentioned    the    Apple- 
gates,  Burnett,  Cason,  Chapintui,  Dement,   the 
Fords,  the  Garrisons,  the  Hunters,  the  Ilowells, 
the    Mathcneys,    McC^arver,    Nesmith,    Parker,_ 
and   the  Waldos.     When  the  company  reached 
Oregon,  bi-sides  the  gentlemen  connected   with 
the    various    missionary    stations,  and    fifty  or 
more   of   the    former   Hudson's  Bay  Company  ■ 
employes,  settled  on  French  prairie,  there  were 
resident  in  Oregon  about  eight  American  men, 
making  in  the  autumn  of  1843,  with  the  newly 
arrived  emigrants,  a  total    male  population  of  ■ 
about  four  hundred,  and  a  total  white  popula- 
tion of  not  far  from  two  thonsand  souls. 

The  introduction  of  this  number  of  American 
people,  many  of  whom  were  educated  and  re- 
lined  and  all  of  whom  were  strong  in  purpose, 
and  had  wealth,  both  of  brain  and  brawn,  lifted 
Oregon  at  once  from  a  camping-ground  for  fur 
hunters  and  mountain  men;  and  even  from  a 
Held  of  mere  missionary  occMipaticy,  to  the  con- 
dition of  a  civil  community — a  commonwealth 
— -with  the  needs  of  a  community,  and  with 
ability  and  dispositions  to  supply  those  wants. 
So  the  aiitiiinn  and  emigration  of  1843  brought 
a  new  era  to  Oregon,  the  era  of  government, 
which  will  be  cj>nsidered  in  its  proper  place  in 
this  work. 

An  incident  somewhat  connected  with  the 
emigration  of  this  year  was  the  (Tovernment  ex- 
ploring ex|)edition  under  the  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant John  C.  Fremont.  Mr.  Fremont  had, 
the  year  before,  won  some  laurels  as  an  explorer 
in  a  tour  as  far  westward  as  the  summit  of  the 
Rocky  mountains,  and  his  reports  to  the  Govern- 
ment had  contributed  to  the  interest  in  the 
farthest  west  beginning  to  be  felt  all  over  the 
United  States.  This  year  he  was  ordered  to 
connect  his  explorations  with  the  topographical 
surveys  of  Lieutenant  Wilkes,  of  the  navy,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Columbia  river.  His  route 
gonefally  lay  on  the  same  line  of  travel  as  the 
rotul  of  the  emigrants,  although  he  made  some 
detours  from  it.  Scientifically  and  topograph- 
ically he  added  something  by  his  reports  to  pub- 
lic knowledge  in   relation  to  the  country  over 


ma^ 


aibKlHY    OK    OllKQON. 


I'JO 


\pple- 

it,   the 
>wx'lls, 
'arker,_ 
'Hclied 
with 
fty  or 
npaiiy 
were 
in  en, 
newly 
ion  of  • 
)pnla- 


whicli  lie  traveled,  though  pra'!ti''ally  as  a 
"pKthfin<ler,"  under  which  title  lie  and  his 
fiionde  elaimed  much  for  him,  be  siin])ly  fol- 
lowed the  plain  way  marked  out  for  him  liy  the 
mountaineers  first,  and  by  the  inisHionai'ies  and 
eniif^rants  afterward.  lie  traveled  behind  the 
emigration  of  the  year,  and  thus  in  exploration, 
as  well  a^•  in  actual  occupation  of  the  coun- 
try, the  Government  was  behind  the  jjeople. 
From  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Hall  his  company 
moved  directly  down  the  emigrant  road  to  the 
dalles  of  the  Columbia,  wliere  he  left  liis  com- 
mand, visited  Vancouver  himself,  and  after  re- 
maining a  few  days  in  company  with  the  gentle- 
men of  the  Hudson's  Ray  Company,  returned 
to  that  place.  With  his  company  he  then  turned 
southward  along  the  eastern  base  of  the  Cascade 
mountains,  and  in  January,  1844,  crossed  Che 
sununit  of  the  Sierras,  about  where  the 
Central  I'acificnow  passes,  to  Sutter's  Fort,  in 
Sacramento  valley.  This  was  all  that  Mr.  Fre- 
mont did  as  a  "  pathfinder  "  in  and  for  Oregon. 
The  honor  of  finding  and  making  the  way  for 
the  wagons  of  the  emigrants  belongs  not  to  him, 
nor  indeed  to  any  one  man  who  can  be  named, 
but  to  the  known  and  unknown  "  people," 
whose  impulses  of  conquest  pushed  them  west- 
ward with  the  "  course  of  the  empire,"  until 
the  sea  stayed  their  conquering  advance..  If 
history  thus  discrowns  buckram  heroes,  it 
laurels  the  brow  of  humanity,  which  is  always 
greater  tlian  any  man. 

The  impulse  of  emigration  to  Oregon  did  not 
exhaust  itself  in  1843.  The  last  emigrant  wagon 
of  that  year  had  hardly  disappeared  westward  of 
Missouri  befoiv  the  frontier  was  astir  again  with 
moving  preparations  for  the  emigration  of  1844. 
This  was  nearly  as  great  as  that  of  the  preceding 
year.  It  added  about  800  to  the  American 
population  of  Oregon,  234  of  them  strong,  able- 
bodied  men.  The  emigration  of  1848  came  in 
a  single  column,  under  one  captain,  and  with  a 
semi-military  organization.  That  of  1844  started 
from  various  points,  under  different  leaders,  and 
divided  up  more  a'nd  more  as  it  jjrogressed  on 
he  journey.     This   greatly    added    to  the  ease 


and  facility  of  travel,  and  the  various  companies 
had  comparatively  little  difficulty  in  their  long 
journey.  Hesides,  the  several  linridrc^l  wagons 
of  the  preceding  year  had  broken  down  the  sage 
of  the  plains,  and  made  a  clearly  marked  road  as 
far  as  the  dalles.  The  lonjxer  divisions  of  the  emi- 
gration  started,  one  from  Independence, one  from 
near  the  mouth  of  Platte  river,  and  one  from 
near  St.  Joseph,  and  Cornelius  Gilliain,  Nathan 
Ford  and  Meyer  Thorp  commanded  these  diyis- 
ions,  respectively.  In  this  emigration  were 
many  names  that  have  become  honored  in  v.iri- 
ous  departments  of  Oregon  history  and  that 
are  worthy  of  notable  record.  Without  any  iti- 
vidious  selections  we  name  the  Eadscs,  the  Fords, 
the  Gilliams,  Ilolman,  Minto,  Rees,  Simmons, 
the  Shaws,  the  Thorps,  J,  S.  Smith,  and  many 
others  whose  industry  made  Oregon  to  blootn 
like  a  rose  tree,  and  who  in  many  ways  con- 
tributed to  the  material  growth  and  moral  and 
intellectual  progress  of  the  country. 

Up  to  1844  no  American  settlement  had  been 
made  north  of  the  Columbia  river.  So  indus- 
triously and  thoroughly  had  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  represented  what  tliey  considered  the 
undoubted  claim  of  Great  Britain  to  that  Terri- 
tory that  no  American  immigrant  had  ventured 
to  enter  it.  It  was  reserved  for  a  few  persons 
of  the  immigration  of  1844,  headed  by  M.  T. 
Simmons,  to  add  to  the  diplomatic  argument  of 
the'  United  States  for  ownership, — the  argu- 
ment of  occupation  by  American  citizens.  They 
passed  northward  and  located  at  the  head  of 
I'uget  sound,  resolved  that  they  would  insist 
on  all  the  rights  guaranteed  them  in  the  treaty 
of  joint  occupancy,  at  least  until  the  ultimate 
decision  of  the  conflicting  pretensions  of  the 
two  nations.  It  will  be  remembered  that  this 
emigration  left  the  frontiers  of  the  United  States 
during  the  height  of  the  discussion  •  jnding  the 
presidential  election  of  that  year,  and  while  the 
Democratic  party  was  preparing  to  take  the 
field  with  "The  whole  of  Oregon  or  none," 
"  I'"'ifty-fou.>*,  Forty  or  Fight  "  emblazoned  on  its 
banners  as  its  war-cry  in  its  contest  for  posses- 
sion of  the  Government.    They  had  come  to  the 


180 


uisroiir  OF  ohkoon. 


const  exjM'Ctinf^  tlisit  tlie.-ic  principles  would  hc- 
come  the  policy  of  the  Goveriiment,  hikI  lienee 
they  resolved  to  push  American  settlement  up 
toward  the  dead  line  of  "  Fifty-four,  Forty  or 
Fight"  Bt  once  if  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  re- 
BiBted  their  northward  advance.  This  that  coni- 
pany  was  to  astute  to  do  except  l>y  moral  in- 
timidation, which  was  practiced  to  its  fullest 
extent.  Hut  such  men  as  those  who  had  braved 
111?  pt  rils  of  the  trail  and  camp  from  the  Mis- 
souri to  the  (lolnmhia  could  not  he  intimidated, 
and  the  company  dared  not  violate  the  stipula- 
tions of  the  treaty  under  which  (ireat  Britain 
had  laid  it.  And  so  American  history  fairly 
began  on  Buget  sound,  in  the  present  State  of 
Washington,  just  a  decade  after  it  began  in  the 
Willamette  valley   in  the  present  State  of  Ore- 

Of  the  imniitfration  of  1845  comparatively 
little  record  has  been  prebervcd,  although  it  was 
larger  than  that  of  either  of  the  two  preceding 
years.  The  population  of  the  Territory  was 
now  beconiiuji  so  large  that  a  thousand  or  two 
of  people  could  melt  away  into  the  former  ag- 
gregate without  such  manifest  expansion  of  the 
population  as  before.  And  besides,  when  so 
many  had  preceded,  it  was  not  considered  so 
strange  that  many  others  shonld  follow.  Hence 
the  2,000  people  constituting  the  immigration 
of  1845  arrived,  dispersed  over  the  country 
from  the  ('alifornia  mountains  to  Puget  sound, 
and  became  integral  parts  of  the  body  politic, 
without  having  taken  pains  to  make  a  roster 
for  the  benefit  of  the  history,  or  the  jjerpetuity 
of  their  own  deeds.  Still  a  few  can  be  mentioned, 
culled  here  and  there  from  fugitive  archives, 
whose  names  must  ever  stand  connected  with 
some  departments  of  the  deeds  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  coast.  Wo  instance  T.  Vault,  the  Way- 
mires,  the  Iliggses,  Gen.  Joel  Palmer  and 
Wilcox. 

The  road  from  the  Missouri  to  the  Columbia 
had  now  become  a  broad  and  beaten  track. 
Tiiere  was  no  difficulty  and  little  danger  in 
traveling  it  except  such  as  arose  from  deficient 
preparation   before    starting  or  poor  judgment 


in  traveling.  All  that  was  to  bo  done  was  to 
travel  steadily  onward,  day  after  day,  (juietly 
ami  persistently  moving  forward  as  the  patient 
ox  swings  slowly  onward,  and  in  due  tiine  the 
goal  would  surely  be  reached.  But  such  pa- 
tience and  endnrauce  of  effort  are  not  common 
virtues.  To  face  a  horizon  that  never  comes 
nearer;  to  push  into  space  that  never  seems  to  get 
shorter;  to  lift  at  a  burden  that  never  grows 
lighter,  are  the  severest  tests  of  the  strongest 
natures.  So  it  was  not  wonderful  that  many  of 
the  weary  and  foot-sore  immigrants  became  rest- 
less of  their  seemingly  endless  travel,  and  felt 
inclined  to  listen  to  any  one  who  came  with 
the  promise  of  a  shorter  road  and  speedier  ar- 
rival at  the  goal  of  their  desires,  the  green  Wil- 
lamette valley. 

This  year  this  was  painfully,  a!;:;Gst  tragicjilly 
illustrated.  When  the  immigrants  reached 
Fort  Iioise  Stephen  11.  Meek,  a  man  who  had 
been  a  "fur-tra])per''  in  the  mountains,  and  for 
some  years  employed  by  the  Hudson's  Bay 
("oiiipany  as  such,  and  who  had  served  as  a  guide 
to  some  small  companies  in  1842,  offered  to 
show  them  a  shorter  and  more  eligible  route 
over  the  mountains,'  and  one  by  whiirh  wagons 
could  he  taken  into  the  Willamette  valley 
without  the  costly  and  troublesome  transporta- 
tion' by  water  from  the  dalles.  The  ronte  he 
propt)sed  to  travel,  leading  through  southeastern 
Oregon,  and  into  the  Uinpqua  valley  far  south 
of  the  head  of  the  Willamette  river,  he  had 
never  traveled  himself,  but  the  country  through 
which  it  passed  was  known  to  !«  open  and  far 
less  mountainous  than  the  country  farther  to 
the  north.  Quite  a  number  were  pursuaded  to 
follow  his  lead.  These  left  the  old  and  traveled 
road  at  the  mouth  of  the  Malheur  river,  near 
Fort  Boise,  and  turned  southward  up  the  valley 
of  that  stream,  while  the  larger  portion  kept 
steadily  onward  in  the  beaten  road,  and  in  good 
time  reached  the  end  of  their  journey.  The 
company  that  followed  Mr.  Meek  soon  became 
convinced  that  he  hicnself  .was  traveling  by 
guess  instead  of  knowledge.  <Jf  course  they 
were  in  a   panic  at   once.      Mr.    Meek    bf'  'ne 


lllSTUJii'    Oh'    OUEiJON. 


lai 


alarmed  and  deserted  the  people  he  hail  led 
astray  and  fled  to  i*ave  his  lite,  as  many  had 
threatened  to  kll!  l'i,.i  on  oight.  The  company 
undertook  to  return  to  the  old  road  hy  tiirniiiff 
to  the  north  and  traveling  down  the  valleyn  of 
John  Day  and  Des  Chutes  rivers,  and  at  last, 
after  the  most  exhanstinj^  efforts,  and  the  }/reat- 
est  snfferiiigrt  from  hunger  and  thi.'St,  reached 
the  Columbia  at  the  dalles,  and  were  thns  res- 
cued from  their  very  perilous  condition. 

This  diversion  of  a  portion  of  the  immigrants 
from  the  old  line  of  travel,  and  the  sufferings 
they  endured  in  consequence,  has  caused  con- 
tiiderable  very  acrimonious  discussion,  seriously 
involving  the  motives  of  those  who  persuaded 
them  into  what  proved  such  disastrous  action. 
Still  such  discussion  has  failed  to  demonstrate 
tliat  there  was  any  specially  wrong  motive  in 
them,  but  that  they  acted  without  any  very  ac- 
cnrute  knowledge  of  the  country  to  be  traversed 
and  consequently  not  with  good  judgment,  and 
thus  betrayed  those  who  trusted  their  advice  into 
a  very  costly  and  dangerous  experiment.  Many 
thrilling  accounts  of  cases  of  individual  suffer- 
ing and  hardship  and  loss  on  the  treeless  and 
waterless  wastes  of  the  Klamath  and  Humboldt 
regions  have  been  pnblisheil,  but  it  would  serve 
no  important  purpose  to  transfer  them  to  these 
pages.  Certainly  we  cannot  subscribe  to  the 
charge  made  by  some  writers  that  these  parties 
were  led  astray  uiuler  the  inspiration  and  advice 
of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  destroying  them.  Had  such  ever  been 
the  methods  of  the  heads  of  that  company  in 
their  dealings  with  the  American  immigrants, 
certainly  they  could  not  but  see  that  the  de- 
struction of  a  comparatively  small  portion  of  an 
immigration  would  have  no  other  effect  on  the 
linal  eettlement  of  the  "Oregon  question"  than 
to  hasten  and  make  it  more  absolute  against 
themselves,  \^\\t  such  never  was  their  tnethods, 
as  impartial  history  must  determine. 

Like  the  emigration  of  1845,  that  of  1846 
was  dividetl  into  small  companies,  which  reached 
Oregon  at  various  times  and  by  different  routes, 
80  that  no  record  of  names  was  kej)t.     When  it 


left  the  Missouri  river  it  consisted  of  two  thou- 
sand souls.  However,  by  this  time  Ciilifoniiii 
was  beginning  to  divide  with  ()reg<in  tlu;  at- 
tention of  intending  emigraiits,  and  on  rench- 
inif  Fort  Hall  about  one  iialf  took  the  south- 
em  route  down  the  Humboldt  river  and 
across  the  Sierra  Nevadas  into  the  Sacramento 
valley.  The  greater  portion  of  those  destined 
for  the  Willamette  valley  pursued  the  old 
route  down  Snake  river,  and  reached  Oregon 
City,  then  the  goal  of  the  juiirnoy,  in  gu(jd 
time,  and  without  unusual  incidents.  How- 
ever, about  o)ie  hundred  and  fifty  people,  with 
forty-two  wagons,  were  induced,  at  Fort  Hall, 
to  undertake  a  new  route  in  the  same  general 
direction  as  the  disastrous  one  selected  by  Meek 
the  year  before,  and  despite  the  unfortunate  out- 
come of  that  venture.  The  misadventure  this 
year  was  induced  by  the  presence  at  Fort  Hall, 
on  the  arrival  of  the  trains,  of  a  number  of  men 
from  among  the  most  reputable  and  influential 
citizens  of  Oregon,  mainly  residing  toward  the 
southern  end  of  the  Willamette  valley,  who 
claimed  to  have  looked  out  a  road  from  the  jtoint 
where  they  met  the  emigrants  to  that  valley  by 
the  way  of  the  Uumbohlt,  Klatnath  lake,  lloguo 
river  and  Umpqua  valleys,  much  more  feasible 
than  the  old  one  by  the  valley  of  Snake  river. 
These  men  had  actually  passed  over  the  route 
they  outlined  to  the  emigrants  on  their  way 
out;  but,  being  on  horseback,  and  traveling 
without  any  incumbrances,  it  probably  seemed 
much.*liortor  to  them  than  it  really  was,  and 
certainly  much  shorter  than  it  proved  to  the 
worn  and  weary  emigrants,  impeded  in  their 
travels  by  wagons  and  all  the  incumbrances  of 
camp  life.  It  certainly  cannot  be  supposed  that 
such  men  as  those  who  led  the  party  that  sur- 
veyed the  new  route  could  have  had  any  sinister 
or  selfish  motives  in  leading  whole  families  into 
the  terrible  straits  through  which  these  people 
were  compelled  to  pass.  Still  it  cannot  be  pos- 
sible for  the  historian  to  relievo  these  gentle- 
men from  all  blame,  as  they  were  all  acquainted 
with  the  peculiar  difficulties  of  emigrant  travel, 
having  themselves  crossed  the  continent  but  a 


V.Vi 


iijuronr  of  oheoon. 


!'  1 


yi'ur  or  two  liet'ore  ll^■.  I'liiignints,  iiiul  kmiw  tlml 
Wiifur  mill  lii'iiKs  wi'ie  priiiio  coiuJitioiis  of  safety 
witli  ox  tuimm,  iiiid  wliere  these  coiilil  not  Ins 
found  in  abuiidimue  there  uoiild  l)e  no  exeiise  for 
Vfnlnrin^.  unless  the  necessity  was  al>>olnte. 
l'"r(ini  lifteeu  to  twenty  miles  was  an  uverage 
lull  (lay's  journey  with  oxen  on  the  emigrant 
roads,  and  there  were  stretches  of  j^rassless  and 
waterless  desert  of  from  twenty  to  lit'ty  miles  in 
width,  over  wliicli  they  attempted  to  lead  the 
l'orh)rn  party  that  had  intrusted  itself  to  their 
gui.lanee.  Of  course  there  was  much  sufferin<^. 
Many  teams  perished.  Men,  women  and  chil- 
dren were  compelled  to  go  on  foot  over  Inirning 
sands  ami  cinereous  rocks,  tt>  climb  timbered 
summits  and  lord  the  roaring  torrents  of  the 
mountains.  The  consuminfj  thirst  of  the  deserts 
of  the  sterile  interior  was  at  last  relieved,  it  is 
true,  by  the  springs  and  streams  of  the  Sierras, 
but  thtMi  gaunt  hunj^er  paralleled  their  earlier 
thirst.  At  last,  however,  man  by  man,  or  fam- 
ily by  family,  the  worn  and  strengthless  emi- 
grants strai»i;led  down  from  the  Siskuas  into  the 
liogue  river  valley,  or  emerged  from  the  Ump- 
qua  canon  into  Unipijua  valley,  almost  without 
cattle,  or  wagon,  or  clothing,  welcomed  to  the 
end  of  their  sad  pilgrimage  only  by  the  chill 
rains  of  an  Oregon  midwinter.  Taken  all  in  all 
this  was  the  most  deeply  shadowed  page  in  the 
history  of  Oregon  immigration,  and  has  left  a 
heritage  of  more  acrimonious  and  bitter  discus- 
sions and  heart  burnings  to  the  historian  of 
Oregon. 

But,  sad  as  is  this  record,  it  is  a  bright  one 
compared  witii  the  fate  of  a  largo  party  known 
as  the  -'iJonner  party,"  that  separated  from  the 
Oregon  immigrants  on  Ilumboldt  rivei',  and  at- 
tempted to  scale  the  winter-clad  Sierras  into  the 
Sacramento  valley.  These  became  entangled  in 
the  labyrinths  of  the  mountains,  were  overtaken 
and  overwhelmed  by  snow  storms,  and,  unable 
to  proceed  or  return,  many  jjerished  miserably 
by  starvation,  and  the  remainder  were  rescued 
more  dead  than  alive  by  the  courage  and  energy 
of  a  party  from  Sacramento  valley.  The  place 
of  the  occurrence  of   this   sad  events  bears  the 


name  of  "Donner  lake,"  which  will  forever 
monument  this  tragic  climax  in  the  history  of 
the  emigration  of  VHXG  to  the  I'acitic  coast. 

The  immigrants  of  this  year  also  signalized 
tln-ir  courage  an<l  detormimuion  by  an  attempt 
tooj)en  the  first  wagon  road  into  the  Willamette 
valley  across  the  (Jaseade  mountains.  Very 
seldom,  indei^d,  in  the  history  of  exploration  or 
adventure  has  a  braver  and  more  resolute  deed 
been  done.  We  hazard  nothing  in  sayinj;  that 
in  all  the  distance  between  the  Missonr'  river 
and  the  Cascade  there  is  no  stretch  of  100 
miles  that  presented  to  the  primitive  engineer- 
ing of  the  emigrants  anything  like  the  dilKcul- 
ties  of  the  1(X)  miles  between  the  open  country 
east  and  the  Willamette  valley  west  of  the  Cas- 
cade monntains. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  rugged  and  lofty 
ranges  of  the  continent,  and,  unlike  the  liocky 
mountains,  it  is  everywhere  most  densely  tim- 
bered. It  is  cut  and  gashed  by  fearful  chasms 
worn  down  by  the  waters  that  break  from  be- 
neath the  glaciers  of  Mount  Hood  and  kindred 
peaks  tbousaixls  of  feet  into  the  volcanic  debris 
of  untold  ajjes.  The  averaije  altitude  of  the 
wide  swampy  summit  of  the  range,  is  not  far 
from  ten  thousand  feet.  From  foot  to  sum- 
mit and  from  summit  to  foot  again,  the  whole 
surface  of  the  earth  is  covered  with  the  largest 
and  loftiest  firs,  cedars,  pines,  tamarack  and 
larch,  and  its  undergrowth  is  an  impenetrable 
forest  of  alder,  vine  ma|)le,  laurel,  dogwood, 
hemlock,  and  unnaineJ  varieties  of  rougli  and 
gnarled  and  interlaced  shrubs  and  ferns  and 
brush.  The  ax,  wielded  by  a  strong  arm,  must 
cut  away  into,  through,  and  out  of  this  inde- 
scribable wilderness  or  it  cannot  be  passed. 

Up  to  the  autumn  of  1840,  all  the  wagons 
taken  to  western  Oregon  were  conveyed  not  far 
from  100  miles  down  the  Columbia  from  the 
dalles  into  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  and  up 
that  stream  a  few  miles  on  rafts  or  in  Hudson's 
Bay  batteaux.  To  add  to  the  difficulty  a  port- 
age of  three  miles  had  to  Ixi  made  at  the  Cas- 
cades, and  the  wagons  wore  taken  piece  by 
piece  across  it,  and  reshipped  again  below.  This 


TllK  I'ASSAC.H  Ol'    IIIK  DAI.Ll'S,  COLUMBIA   RIVKR 


ROOSTKR    ROCK. 


9 


I  I! 


I  % 


IlIisTuur    OF    OUKdOX. 


ma 


100  niilcK  wiiH  tliu  most  |H>ril(iim  nml  dlfliciilt 
part  of  tli(3  jipiiriioy  to  the  W^illiiiiiotti!  valley, 
null  came  to  the  tMiii{;;nitit8  when  tiiey  were 
wearied  ami  eiifeehled  liy  iiio'iths  of  eoiietant 
toil  and  care. 

To  relievo  8iil)8cqiieiit  eiiii^rHntB  of  tliii*  dittl- 
culty  a  few  f;eiitleiiieii  of  this  Hiittiiner'ti  coin- 
pariy  resolved  to  attempt  uroSHin^  the  iiiomitairiri 
with  their  tenuis  uiul  wa^uim.  At  the  heail  of 
this  eoinpauy  were  Mr.  SainiiBl  Iv.  i?urlow  and 
Mr.  W.  II.  liector.  Turiiiiij^  soiitliwurd  from 
the  dalles  along  the  oastorn  ba«e  of  the  range, 
they  noiiffht  a  promisiiif^  |)lacu  to  enter  it  to  the 
south  of  Mount  Hood.  After  ahout  forty  mileri 
travel  over  a  very  roiiffh  and  hilly,  though  uti- 
tiinixM'ed  rejrion,  they  tnrned  westward  up  a 
gentle  slope  that  appeared  to  lead  south  of  the 
great  snowy  cone  of  Mount  Hood,  and  l)egan  to 
rut  their  way  into  the  dense  forest.  Some  ex- 
plored the  route  in  advance  and  blazed  their 
way,  others  cut  out  ohstrnctions  and  worked 
grades  down  and  up  the  impassable  precipices, 
and  others  drove  the  teams  and  cared  for  the 
families.  Progress  was  very  slow.  It  was  late 
in  autumn.  The  rains  and  snows  beat  upon 
tiiem  in  the  deep  ravines  and  on  the  stormy 
heights.  But  they  were  resolute  men,  and  re- 
solved to  push  onward  at  every  peril.  After 
much  effort  they  conducted  their  wagons  about 
twenty  miles  into  the  wilderness,  when  the  snow 
became  so  deep  that  to  go  forward  or  to  go 
back  was  alike  impossible.  And  besides  they 
were  not  the  men  to  go  back  even  if  they  could. 
Nothing  remained  for  them  but  to  build  cabins 
in  which  to  house  their  families  for  the  long 
winter,  which  was  fully  upon  them,  and  provide 
as  best  they  could  against  starvation.  This  they 
did  in  the  deep  gorge  of  White  river,  a  few 
miles  below  where  its  waters  tlow  from  beneath 
the  glaciers  of  Mount  Hood.  A  wilder  place 
can  hardly  be  imagined.  On  either  hand  the 
great  mountain  sides  were  covered  with  giant 
firs,  with  close  around  a  dense  black  pine  forest. 
The  Little  river,  whose  dashing  waters,  whitened 
by  the  volcanic  ashes  washed  down   from  the 


great  mountain  cone,  rushi.'d  stormily  liy.  Lone, 
desolate  winter  covered  all. 

The  (iidy  possible  supply  of  food  tiieso  win- 
ter-imprisoneil  men,  women  and  children  liad 
for  the  months  before  them  was  their  emi- 
grant o.xen,  worn  and  jwor  from  the  long  sum- 
mer's journey  from  the  Missouri  river.  These 
they  slaughtered  and  tlressed,  covered  their  car- 
casses with  the  snow  which  was  sure  to  remain 
until  May,  a?id  resigned  themselves  to  the  awful 
task  of  keeping  alive  for  the  long  winter.  To  live 
just  for  the  purpose  of  living  is  the  hardest 
tii^k  a  human  being  ever  performed.  This 
was  all  there  was  for  them  to  do.  So  they 
waited  and  ate  their  scant  rations  of  j)oor  beef, 
drank  water  froni  the  river  or  from  melted  snow, 
cut  tire-wood  from  the  pines  about  them,  anil 
wore  away  the  weary  months. 

When  the  winter  snows  were  ten  or  fifteen 
feet  deep  on  the  mountains,  two  or  three  of  the 
men  undertook  to  scale  them  on  snow-shoes 
and  reach  the  Willamette  valley,  and  there  pro- 
cure help  to  work  their  way  backward  with 
supplies  l)efore  those  left  behind  had  perished 
from  starvation.  The  distHUce  to  Oregon  city 
was  not  leiis  than  seventy-five  miles,  and  fifty 
of  that  was  uutracked  mountains.  With  a  lit- 
tle beef  wrapped  up  in  a  blanket  on  the  back  ot 
each  they  left  the  lone  cabins  and  their  lonelier 
inmates  and  started  on  their  journey,  hoping, 
yet  only  half  expecting,  to  succeed.  Rector  was 
a  remarkably  strong,  compact  and  sinewy  man. 
Barlow  was  of  slighter  and  sparer  bu'!.!.  and 
less  able  to  endure  fatigue;  and  the  stress  of 
the  long  journey  had  already  weakened  him. 
He  came  near  fainting,  and  one  day  when  he 
felt  he  must  succumb  to  his  struggles  and  die 
he  said  to  Kector,  "  What  would  you  do  with  me 
if  I  should  die  here?"  '' Roast  and  eat  you," 
growled  the  stronger  Rector.  Barlow  burst  into 
feeble  tears.  "  Come,  come,  said  the  really  kind- 
hearted  Rector,  you  are  not  going  to  die,  rouse 
up,  l)e  a  man  and  come  on."  He  cheered  and 
helped  him,  and  these  resohite  "  pathfii  ders  " 
toiled  on  over  the  snowy  waste  of  mountains  for 
weary   weeks  before  tliey  descended  from  those 


il 


V  ' 

1 

1 

li 


181 


Hf STORY    OF    OHEGON. 


western  slopes  and  entered  the  Willamette  viiUcy 
Such  men,  rather  than  those  who  trttveied  in 
their  wake  under  Govern inentcotnmissions,  and 
with  all  the  abundance  and  conifortH  of  tfovern- 
inent  equipments  were  the  true  pathfinders  of 
the  Uocky  mountains  and  the  l^acitic  coHst. 

On  reaching  Oreffon  City,  Iicftor  and  Barlow 
obtained  supplies  for  their  families  yet  impris- 
oned in  the  Miowy  gorge  of  White  river,  and  re- 
turned for  their  rescue.  After  the  wiiitc-  snows 
had  gone  they  yoked  up  the  oxen  which  they  had 
brought  back  with  them,  and  again  began  their 
slow  and  tiresome  movement  westward.  Their 
winter's  camp  was  some  miles  east  of  the  sum- 
mit of  the  range  and  up  thesteep ascent ;  through 
one  of  the  stateliest  and  darkest  orests  that 
stands  on  the  earth  they  cut  their  toilsome  way. 
TluMi  after  the  summit  was  passed  tliey  tlonn- 
dcred  through  a  terrible  cedar  morass  that 
covers  the  summit  plateau  for  miles,  when  they 
reacluid  a  western  crest  that  stood  sheer  above 
the  valley  of  a  mountain  river,  whose  uojier  wa- 
ters cleave  the  southwestern  glaciers  of  Mount 
Hood.  Into  the  ftarful  gorge  into  which  it  runs 
they  dropped,  rather  than  traveled,  over  the 
face  of  Laurel  Hill,  probably  the  most  trc- 
nioiidons  descent  down  which  wagons  ever 
rolled.  And  so  they  toiled  on,  day  after  day, 
wee^  after  week,  until  at  last  the  last  mountain 
was  crossed,  the  last  forest  passed,  and  the  brave 
remnant  of  the  emigration  of  1840  entered  Ore- 
gon at  full  midsummer  of  1847. 

Quite  a  number  of  gentlemen,  who  in  various 
departments  of  civil  life  became  prominently 
associated  with  the  progress  of  the  country,  at- 
teudeij  this  immigration.  Among  them  was  Mr. 
J.  Qninn  Thornton,  a  man  of  decided  ability 
and  tine  acquirements,  who  became  Chief 
.Justice  under  the  provisional  government.  Un- 
fortunately no  roster  of  this  immigration  was 
ever  kept,  and  hence  our  personal  notices  of 
those  in  it  must  be  oiTiitted. 

W^e  have  now  reached  a  period  in  the  history 
of  the  immigrations  into  Oregon  from  which  it 
becomes  more  and  more  ilifficult  to  trace  any 
one  of  them  in  anything  like   a  se])ariite  story. 


Still  a  few  sentences  must  be  given  to  that  of 
1847,  as  that  was  tlie  last  one  that  left  the  fron- 
tiers of  Missouri  for  the  farthest  West,  that 
serves  to  present  much  of  an  individual  history. 
Those  coming  subserjuently  started  on  their 
journey  over  the  now  well-worn  emigrant  road 
in  small  companies,  at  diti'erent  times,  traveled 
at  their  individual  convenience,  and  when  they 
rea(-hed  the  Willamette  valley,  molted  away 
into  the  mass  of  the  people  almost  impen^ep- 
tibly,  as  streamlets  from  the  hills  blend  into  the 
currents  of  widening  rivers  toward  the  sea. 

The  immigration  of  1847  coming  into  Ore- 
gon was  about  four  thousand.  California  had 
begun  to  allure  many  toward  her  newly  opened 
j  and  sunny  plains,  and  probably  nearly  as  many 
of  those  who  started  from  the  Missouri  river 
I  for  the  West  turned  thitherward  into  the  valley 
I  of  Snake  river,  as  crossed  the  I'lue  and  tlascade 
j  mountains  into  Oregon,  liut,  in  many  respects, 
]  both  as  to  men  and  things,  it  was  one  of  the 
most  marked  and  important  of  all  the  emigra- 
tions. Its  members  brought  more  property, 
more  of  those  things  necessary  to  make  a  home- 
like civilization  than  any  that  had  preceded  it. 
liands  of  fine  cattle,  including  pure  Durham 
stock,  and  of  the  beat  breeds  of  horses,  as  well 
as  tine  bands  of  sheep,  were  driven  from  the 
Western  States.  A  stock  of  merchandise  was 
brought  by  Thomas  and  William  Cox,  and  a 
store  opened  by  them  at  Salem,  the  now  capi- 
tal of  the  State.  Apple  seeds,  peach  seeds  and 
many  other  seeds  of  plants,  of  which  the 
country  had  been  destitute  before,  were  brought. 
But  that  which  attracted  most  attention,  and 
was  really  of  most  importance,  was  what  ",,:s 
called  the  '-Traveling  Xursery"  brought  by  Mr. 
Henderson  Lueling.  He  constructed  boxes 
about  one  foot  deep  and  just  long  enough  to  lill 
his  wagon  bed,  filling  them  with  a  compost  of 
eartii  and  charcoal,  in  which  he  plant'jd  about 
seven  hundred  trees  and  shrubs,  of  the  best  im- 
proved varieties,  from  twenty  inches  to  four 
feet  hif;h.  This  wonderful  "nursery"  thus 
transplanted  two  thousand  miles  was  the  |)arent 
stock   of   that    magnificent    variety    of  apples, 


rffi'Ba^miil 


IIlSrOHY    OF    OUEGON. 


135 


pears,  plums,  cherries,  peaclics,  utui  other 
fruits  that  has  ^iveu  (.iregoii  ii  imiue  and  fiiiiie 
as  the  finest  i'ruit  country  on  the  continent. 

Tlie  immigration  of  1847  contained  quite  a 
number  oCgentlemeii,  who  became  quite  promi- 
nent in  the  industrial  and  political  history  of 
Oregon.     Among  these  was   the    Hon.    Samuel 


Ii.  Thurston,  who  became  the  first  delefjate 
frou!  the  Territory  of  Oregon  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  of  whom  we  shall  speak 
more  at  length  in  the  appropriate  place. 

With  this  notice  of  the  immigniHon  of  1847 
we  close  our  notices  of  immigrations  as  separate 
from  the  general  course  of  Oregon  history. 


-^'M 


CHArTEIt  XV. 

PROVISIONAL  GOVERNMENT. 

A  Nkw  Era — Summary  of  Arrivals  for  Five  Veaks — Politicai.  Tendencies  or  the  Peoit.e 
— The  Questions  of  Government — "  Inai.ienahi.e  Uioiits"  versus  Foreion  Control — 
Petition  to  Congress —Meeting  at  Ciiami-oeo  in  1841 — Death  of  Ewino  Young— 
Another  Meeting — -Incidental  Circumstances — Dr.  Eli.iah  White,  Indian  Aoknt — Ab- 
Eiv  iL  OF  THE  Immigration   of    1842 — -Artifical   Antaoonisms — Proposition   for    an    In- 

DEI'KNnENT    GOVERNMENT — MeETINO    AT  WlLLAMElTE   FalI.S  —  RESOLUTION  OK  Mr.  AhEUNETIIY 

— The  "Wolf  Meeting"^ Plots  and  Counterplots — Canadian  Citizens'  Addrkss — 
Meeting  in  May — A  Close  Division — Canadians  Withdraw — Provisions  fob  Govern- 
ment— Fourth  of  July  Celebration — Report  of  Lkoislativk  Committee — •"  Orhanio 
Laws" — Officers  Chosen — First  Election — George  Abernethv  Elected  Govebnob  — 
Form  of  Oath  of  Office — First  Legislature— Documents  to  Congress — Dr.  White  — 
Kesult  of  the  Memorials; — Characteristics  of  Governor  AnERNHTiiy — Second  Election — 
Auernethy  re-elected— Territorial  Government  Organized. 


[E  have  now  reached  a  period  in  our  his- 
tory when  Oregon  began  to  assume  th 
form  of  apolitical  commonwealth.  Here- 
tofore its  history  was  mainly  that  of  the  abo- 
riginal tribes,  the  various  fur  companies  that 
operated  within  its  boundary,  of  the  missionary 
esttdjlishments  that  bad  been  founded  among 
the  Indian  tribes,  and  of  individual  action  and 
adventure.  Tiiat  part  of  tlie  story  that  relates 
to  the  presence  and  action  of  white  men  who 
haii  any  civilized  o»'  civilizing  object,  in  their 
presence  in  tho  country,  covers  but  a  singio 
decade.  This  was  the  era  of  the  missionary  or- 
ganizations, and  the  period  when  the  results  of 
their  presence  were  crystallizing  into  social  coii- 


'  clitions  that  called  for  civil  and  political  order. 
1   The  dreamy  story  of  the   Indian   tribes   simply 
j  changed  into  the  story  of   fur  tratlic,  scarcely 
I  less  dreamy,  and   hardly  more  a  civilization  than 
the  other.     How  little   there  was    of  anything 
that   had  the   fragrance  of   civilization    rather 
than  that  of  the  wigwam  about  it  up  to  the  close 
of  1840,  will  be  seen  by  the  following  summary 
of  the  arrivals  in  the  country  up  to  that  time. 
In  1834,  the  four  gentlemen  of  the   Methodist 
mission  and  six  other  men.    In  1830,  there  were 
none.     In  183(5,  Dr.  Marcus  Whi:   'an  and  four 
other  missionaries  of  the  American  Board.     In 
1837,  sixteen  additional  members  of  the     Meth- 
odist mission  and  three  settlers.     In  1838,  cii^ht 


9}  li   1     ii     I 


.'•ii 


136 


HISTORY    OF    OUKOON. 


persons  ri'-OTifurced  the  missions  of  the  American 
Board  iiiicJ  tliree  white  men  from  the  Koeky 
mountains  came  into  the  country.  This  year 
also  two  Jesuit  ])riest8.  F.  N.  Hiimchet  and 
A.  IJeinus  arrived.  In  1839,  four  independent 
Protestant  missionaries  and  eight  settlers.  In 
1840  a  reeiiforceTnent  of  thirty-one  adults  and 
liftoen  children  came  to  the  Methodist  mission 
and  four  inde])endent  Protestant  missionaries) 
P.  G.  De  Sinet,  Jesuit  missionary  and  thirteen 
or  fourteen  settlers,  mostly  llonky  mountain 
men  with  Indian  wives  arrived, — making  in  all 
eiirhty-tive  connected  with  the  three  mission 
establishments,  and  twenty-eigiit  settlers;  a  total 
of  113.  Besides  these  were  a  small  numbei;  of 
the  siiperanuated  employes  of  the  Hudson's  Hay 
Company  located  at  various  points,  and  yet 
holding  legal  as  well  as  social  relation  to  that 
lioily.  In  the  classification  of  population  thus 
])reseuted  it  will  be  seen  that  the  one  predomin- 
ating intiuence  in  the  country  up  to  the  close  of 
1840  was  necessarily  that  of  the  Protestant  mis- 
sionaries. Civilly  and  politically  there  were 
two  sentiments;  One  American  aii<l  the  other 
British.  The  Protestant  missionaries  uniform- 
ly represented  the  American  sentiment  in  the 
country,  and  the  servants  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  and  the  members  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic missions  could  always  be  relied  upon  to  fur- 
ther the  cause  of  British  possession  of  Oregon. 
So  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  trace  the  lities  of 
inriuetice  and  action  in  connection  with  these 
different  missionary  establishments,  there  was 
not  even  an  individnal  exception  to  this  state- 
ment. If  at  this  time  the  claim  of  the  United 
States  to  Oregon  was  receiving  any  lielp  at  all, 
it  was  by  the  unanimous  action  of  the  I'rotest- 
ant  missionaries,  while  the  jnst  as  unanimous 
action  of  the  Roman  Catholic  missions  aided 
and  abetted  the  pretensions  of  (ireat  Britain. 
By  the  relations  of  missionaries  to  patronizing 
Bocietios,  as  well  as  the  individual  nativity  and 
training  of  the  men  constituting  them,  this  was 
inevitable,  The  Protestant  missionaries  were 
mainly  from  New  England  and  New  York,  all 
Americans  by  birtli,  l)y  education,  and  V.y  civic 


and  political  affiliations.  The  Runan  Catholicj 
missionaries  were  all  of  foreign  birth,  educated 
aTid  trained  under  governments  opposed  to  re- 
publicanism and  under  an  ecclesiastical  system 
that  cultured  all  their  convictions  away  from  it. 
Their  social  relations  were  with  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  and  they  gave  that  company  and 
its  pretensions  the  most  thorough  support. 
Thus,  at  the  close  of  1840,  it  happened  that  the 
forces  in  array  against  each  other  for  tli<*  ulti- 
mate possession  of  the  country  were,  on  the  one 
side  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  the  Roman 
Catholic  missions,  on  the  other  side,  the  Pro- 
testant missions  and  the  small  number  of 
Americans  who  had  rolled  down  from  the  mount- 

*  ains  or  floated  up  from  the  sea  and  made  Ore- 
gon at  least  a  temporary  home. 

j  The  first  question  that  fairly  and  clearly  drew 
the  lines  of  demarkation  between  these  forces 
was  tiiat  of  government.  The  British  party, 
consisting  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  people  and  the 
Catholic  missionaries,  naturally  desired  to  re- 
main as  they  were,  since  all  pretended  authority 
of  law  was  that  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
which  had  been,  in  pretense  at  least,  extended 
over  all  the  country  west  of  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains. Just  as  naturally  the  American  party, 
consisting  of  the  Protestant  missionaries  and 
American  settlers,  desired  some  forms  of  law 
according  to  the  American  idea  of  self-govern- 
ment. They  hail  no  idea  of  submitting  them- 
selves to  the  authority  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  or  the  Canadian  Parliament.  An 
American  always  carries  his  "  inalienable 
rights'"  with  him,  anil  on  all  proper,  and  per- 
haps on  some  improper,  occasions,  is  prepared 
to  assert  and  defend  them.  ],aw8  or  conslitn- 
tions  enacted  for  him  in  a  foreign  parliament, 
or  by  a  foreign  corporation,  are  not  sacred  in  his 
eyes,  e8])ecially  when  it  is  attempted  to  enforce 
them  over  what  he  believes  to  be  American 
soil.  It  was  so  here;  and  accordingly  in  March 
1838,  the  first  public  step  was  taken  looking 
toward  the  establishment  of  a  Territorial  gov- 
ernment over  the  country  claimed  by  the 
United  States  west  of  the    Rocky   mountains. 


niSTOHT    OF    OHKOON. 


TIlis  was  ill  the  t'oriii  of  a  inemorinl  to  Congress 
siifued  by  I.  L.  Whitcoinl)  and  thirty-five 
otiiers,  which  was  presented  to  that  body  liy 
Senator  Linn  January  28,  1839.  This  memo- 
rial was  read,  laid  on  the  table,  and  was  never 
taken  therefrom.  In  1839  the  subject  was 
again  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Govern- 
ment by  another  petition  to  Congreas,  ably  con- 
ceived and  forcibly  written,  and  signed  by  Rev. 
David  Leslie,  of  the  Methodist  mission,  and 
abonty  seventy  others.  The  petition  set  forth 
very  clearly  the  condition  and  needs  of  the 
country  as  seen  by  those  upon  the  ground,  and 
is  of  such  importance  historically,  and  exerted 
so  uiuch  influence  upon  the  action  of  Congress, 
and  also  upon  the  feelings  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  toward  the  Atnerican  settlers,  that 
ito  full   text  is  here  inserted.      It  is  as  follows: 

To  the  Honnrnhle,  the   Senate  and  House    of 
Representatives   of   the    United    Statev 
America  in  Congress  Assembled: 

Your  petitioners  represent  unto  your  honor- 
able bodies  that  they  are  residents  in  the  Ore- 
gon territory,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
or  persons  desirous  of  becoming  such. 

They  further  represent  to  your  honorable 
bodies  that  they  have  settled  themselves  in 
said  territory  under  the  belief  that  it  was  a  por- 
tion of  the  public  domain  of  said  State  and 
that  they  might  rely  upon  the  Government 
thereof  for  the  blessings  of  free  institutions, 
and  the  protection  of  its  arms. 

Hut  your  petitioners  further  represent,  that 
they  are  uninformed  of  any  acts  of  said  Govern- 
tnent  by  vvliich  its  institutions  and  protection 
are  extended  to  them;  in  consequence  whereof 
themselves  and  families  are  e.vjwsed  to  be  de- 
stroyed by  th  savages  around  them,  and  others 
that  woulfi  do  them  harm. 

And  your  petitioners  would  further  represent 
that  they  have  tio  means  of  protecting  their 
own  lives  and  the  i!ves  of  their  families,  other 
than  self-constituted  tribunals,  originated  and 
sustained    by    the    power   of    an  ill-instructed 


public    opinion,    and  the  resort  to  force    and 
arms. 

And  your  petitioners  represent  these  means  of 
safety  to  be  an  insntlieient  safe-guard  of  life 
and  property,  and  that  the  crimes  of  theft, 
murder,  infanticide,  etc.,  are  increasing  among 
them  to  an  alarming  extent,  and  your  petition- 
ers declare  themselves  unable  to  arrest  tiiis 
jirogress  of  crime  and  its  terrible  consequences 
without  the  aid  of  law,  and  tribunals  to  ad- 
minister it.  • 

Your  petitioners  therefore  pray  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States  of  America  to  establish,  as 
soon  as  may  be,  a  Territorial  government  in  tlie 
Oregon  territory. 

And  if  reasons  other  than  those  j)reeented  were 
neediM]  to  induce  your  honorable  bodies  to  grant 
the  jiiiiyer  of  the  undersigned,  your  petitioners, 
they  would  be  found  in  the  value  of  this  terri- 
tory to  the  nation,  and  the  alarming  circum- 
'-^tances  that  portend  its  loss. 

ur  petitioners,  in  view  of  \het-'  lat-t  eonsid- 
eratiims.  '■  idil  represent  that  tlic  iJngiish  Gov- 
ernmeni  lia.-;  had  a  snrveying  party  on  the  Ore- 
gon coast  fo;  iwo  years,  «  ployed  in  making 
accurate  surveys  of  all  its  rivers,  bays  and  iiar- 
bors,  and  that  recently  the  said  'overnment  is 
said  to  have  made  a  gr  int  to  the  Hudson's  Hay 
Company  of  all  land^  'ymg  between  the  Colum- 
bia river  and  Piiget  sound,  and  that  the  said 
company  is  actually  exercising  unequivocal  acts 
of  ownersiiip  over  said  land  '  bus  granted,  and 
opening  extensive  farint  ii    u  the  same. 

And  your  petitioii  .epresent  that  these 
circumstances,  connected  with  other  acts  of  said 
company  to  the  same  effect,  and  their  declara- 
tion that  the  EmjUshGoverninent  owns  and  will 
hold,  as  its  own  soil,  that  portion  of  Oregon 
territory  situated  north  of  the  Columbia  river, 
together  with  the  important  fact  that  the  said 
company  are  cutting  and  sawing  into  lumlier 
and  shipping  to  foreign  ports  vast  quantities  of 
the  finest  pine  trees  upon  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  Colnmbia,  have  led  your  petitioners  to  ap- 
prehend that  the  English  Government  do  intend, 


f 


iM 


fU  '  ' 


rw 


nrsToiir  of  oregon. 


at  ull  events,  to  hold  tliut  portion  of  tin's  terri- 
tory lyiiifr  nortli  of  the  C'olimiliia  river. 

And  your  petitioners  represmit  that  the  said 
territory,  north  of  the  ColniiiUiii,  is  an  invalua- 
ble jiossession  to  tiic  American  Union,  that  in 
and  about  Puget  sounii  are  the  only  harbors  of 
easy  access  u!id  commodious  and  safe  upon  the 
whole  coast  of  the  territory,  and  that  a  great 
part  of  this  said  iiortliern  part  of  the  Oregon 
territory  is  rich  in  timlier,  water  power  and  val- 
luible  minerals.  For  this  and  other  reasons  your 
petitioners  pray  tiiat  (\in^ress  will  establish  its 
sovereignty  over  .said  territory. 

Your  petitioners  woulil  further  represent  that 
the  country  south  of  the  Columbia  river  and 
north  of  the  Me.xican  line  and  extending  from 
the  Pacific  ocean  120  miles  into  the  interior  is 
of  unequaled  l^eauty.  Its  mountains,  covered 
with  perpetual  snow,  pouring  into  the  prairies 
around  their  bases  transparent  streams  of  pur- 
est water,  the  white  and  black  oak,  pine,  cedar, 
and  tir  forests  that  divide  the  prairies  into  sec- 
tions convenient  for  farming  purposes,  the  rich 
mines  of  coal  in  its  b'ls,  and  salt  springs  in  its 
valleys,  its  quarries  of  limestone,  sandstone, 
chalk  and  marble,  the  salmon  of  its  rivers,  and 
the  various  blessings  of  the  delightful  and 
healthy  climate,  are  known  to  ns  and  impress 
your  petitioners  with  the  belief  that  this  is  one 
of  the  most  favored  portions  of  the  globe. 

Indeed  the  deserts  of  the  interior  have  their 
wealth  of  pasturage,  and  their  lakes,  evaporat- 
ing in  summer,  leave  in  their  basins  hundreds 
of  bushels  of  the  purest  soda.  Many  other  cir- 
cumstances could  be  named  showing  the  im- 
portance of  this  territory  in  a  national,  com- 
mercial and  agricultural  point  of  view.  And 
altli(Migh  your  petitioners  would  not  undervaluo 
considerations  of  this  kind,  yet  they  beg  leave 
espt^cially  to  call  the  attention  of  Congress  to 
their  own  condition  as  an  infant  colony,  without 
milit(i>-y  force  or  civil  institutions  to  protect 
their  lives  and  property  and  children,  sanctu- 
aries and  tombs  from  the  hands  of  uncivilized  and 
merciless  savages  around  them.  We  respect- 
fully BBk  for  the  civil  institutions  of  the  Ameri- 


can Kepublic.  We  pray  for  the  high  privilege 
of  American  citizenship,  the  peaceful  enjo^-- 
ment  of  life,  the  right  of  acquiring,  possessing 
and  using  property,  and  the  unrestrained  pur- 
suit of  rational  happiness.  And  this  your  pe- 
titioners will  ever  pray.  David  Lkslik, 

and  about  seventy  others. 

It  is  difficult  to  fix  the  exait  personal  author- 
ship of  this  remarkable  document.  Its  hontn- 
appears  to  be  somewhat  divided  between  David 
Leslie,  at  that  time  pro  tern  superintendent  of 
the  Methodist  mission  in  the  absence  of  Jason 
Lee,  then  on  his  return  from  the  States  i)y  sea 
to  Oregon,  at  the  head  of  what  is  known  in  the 
liistory  of  the  mission  as  the  "great  re-enforce- 
ments," and  Mr.  Robert  Shortes,  an  immigrant 
of  the  same  year  in  which  the  petition  was 
written.  It  is  probable  that  both  had  to  do 
with  its  ])reparation.  At  all  events  it  reflects 
honor  upon  the  small  American  colon}',  not 
then  reaching  100  persons  in  all,  and  shows  how 
clearly  and  fully  from  the  beginnitig  ourpeoijle 
comj)rehended  the  issues  pending  between  their 
own  country  and  Great  liritain,  and  how 
tliurouohly  American  were  their  sympathies  and 
purposes. 

There  is  one  phrase  in  the  petition,  given  in 
Italics,  which  was  understood  by  all  to  refer  to 
the  Hudson's  Hay  Company, and  shows  with  what 
jealousy  that  company  was  watched  by  the 
American.  Doubtless  the  phrase  had  its  justi- 
fication, and  was  not  intended  to  convey  the 
sense  of  extreme  enmity  by  that  company 
against  the  Americans  that  some  writers  have 
supposed.  At  all  events,  while  the  company 
was  faithful  to  itself,  there  is  no  evidence  that 
it  did  ii'tentionally  incite  its  own  pc  pie,  or  the 
Indian  tribes,  who  were  thoroughly  under  its 
control,  to  any  acts  of  violence  against  the 
Americans.  And  besides  the  humane  Dr.  Mc- 
Laughlin was  then  at  the  head  ol  the  company, 
and  no  unprejudiced  man  who  over  knew  him 
could  believe  him  capable  of  any  such  sinister 
action. 

The    above   quoted  petition    had  gone  on  to 


UISTOliY    OF    itliBOON. 


lau 


CJongress.  A  year  or  two  must  certainly  pass 
before  any  relief  could  come  from  it,  even  if  any 
ever  came.  Meantime  the  necessities  of  the 
peopla  in  Oregon,  or,  more  accurately,  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  where  all  the  American  set- 
tlers and  most  of  the  I'rotestaiit  mis8io\iaries 
resided,  were  growing  more  and  more  urgent. 
To  meet  tliem  a  meeting  of  some  of  the  inhab- 
itants Was  held  at  Champoeg,  not  far  from  the 
Afethodist  mission  on  the  7th  of  February, 
1841,  for  consultation  on  the  steps  necessary  to 
be  taken  for  the  "formation  of  laws,  and  the 
election  of  officers  to  execute  them.  Kev. 
Jason  Lee  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  asked  to 
express  his  opinion  of  the  step  required.  He 
advised  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to 
draft  a  constitution  and  by-laws  for  the  govern- 
ment of  that  portion  of  the  country  south  of 
the  Columbia  river.  Nothing  of  moment  was 
done  further  at  this  meeting. 

A  few  days  later  an  event  occurred  which 
served  to  revive  the  matter  in  a  new  and  more 
imperative  form.  Mr.  Kwing  V"oung,  a  gentle- 
inan  of  prominence  in  the  country,  and  pos- 
sessing a  considerable  estate,  suddenly  died. 
He  left  no  heirs  in  the  country,  and  no  one  had 
any  authority  to  care  for,  or  administer  upon, 
his  estate.  His  funeral  was  held  on  the  17th 
of  February,  at  which  most  of  the  people  of 
the  valley  were  present.  At  the  close  of  the 
funeral  services  a  meeting  was  held,  over  which 
Rev.  Jason  "Lee  presided,  when  it  was  resolved 
to  hold  another  the  next  day  at  the  Methodist 
mission.  Nearly  all  the  people  of  the  settle- 
ment were  present.  Kev.  David  Leslie  was 
chosen  to  preside,  and  Kev.  Gustavus  Hines  and 
Air.  Sidney  Smith  were  secretaries.  A  com- 
mittee was  chosen  to  draft  a  constitution  and 
code  of  laws,  of  which  F.  N.  Blanchet,  after- 
ward Roman  Catholic  archbishop,  was  chair- 
innn.  After  much  discussion  it  was  finally 
decided  to  elect  a  person  to  serve  as  judge  with 
probate  powers,  and  Dr.  Ira  L.  Babcock  was 
chosen.  The  meeting  adjourned  to  meet  again 
on  Thursday,  June  11th,  at  the  Catholic  mis- 
sion.    At  that  meeting  it  was  found   that  the 


chairniun  of  the  committee  appointed  at  tha 
previous  meeting  to  draft  a  constitution  and 
laws  had  not  called  the  committee  together,  and 
so  this  iTieeting  adjourned  to  meet  on  the  first 
Thursday  in  October.  I'efore  that  time  arrived 
the  feeling  had  become  somewhat  prevalent 
among  the  people  that  it  would  be  unwise  to 
establish  any  permanent  form  of  governmetit  so 
long  as  the  peace  of  the  community  coidd  be 
preserved  without  it,  and  consequently  the 
meeting  was  never  held.  Thus  ended  the  first 
attempt  to  establish  a  government  west  of  the 
Rocky  mountains. 

Incidental  to,  atid  having  no  little  intluence 
upon,  the  final  action  of  the  people  in  the  es- 
tablishn)ent  of  the  provisional  government,  it 
must  be  mentioned  that  in  1842  Dr.  Elijah 
White,  who  had  formerly  held  the  position  of 
physician  to  the  Methodist  mission,  and  who 
had  returned  to  the  States  after  some  disagree- 
ment with  its  superintendent,  Kev.  Jason  Lee,  ap- 
peared suddenly  in  the  country  holding  a  govern- 
ment commission  as  sub-agent  for  the  Indians 
in  the  region  west  of  the  Kocky  mountains. 
He  claimed  plenary  power  over  all  questions  be- 
tween the  settlers  and  the  Indians,  as  well  as 
all  civil  and  criminal  cases  that  might  arise  in 
the  country.  He  appointed  temporary  magis- 
trates to  try  cases  that  might  occur  in  his  ab- 
sence. The  people  received  him  joyfully,  their 
thankfulness  at  any  proof  that  the  Government 
had  not  entirely  forgotten  their  necessities 
probably  disposing  them  to  a  too  generous  cre- 
dence of  his  pretentions.  At  a  meeting  called 
to  receive  him  a  series  of  highly  complimen- 
tary resolutions  were  passed,  and  ordered  trans- 
mitted to  the  Government  of  the  United  States, 
in  order  that  the  views  and  wishes  of  the  peo- 
ple in  relation  to  this  country  might  be  made 
known. 

The  course  of  Dr.  White  in  the  relation 
which  he  claimed  as  de  facto  governor  of  the 
colony,  provoked  violent  criticism,  as  well  as  re- 
ceived emphatic  defense.  While  it  would  an- 
swer no  valuable  purpose  to  trace  the  one  or 
the   other,  it    seems   needful    to   say    that    Dr. 


%■ 


u 


:it 


ill 


'\  i' 


' 


140 


HISTORY    OF    OREOON. 


White  doubtless  claimed  miicii  more  authority 
than  the  Government  ever  designed  he  should 
exercise.  At  the  same  time  he  was  zealous 
and  active  in  the  discharge  ol'  iiis  duties,  visit- 
ing every  yart  of  the  country  whenever  liis 
presence  seemed  to  he  required,  and  contributed 
in  many  ways  to  the  quiet  of  the  Indian  tribes. 
Still  the  infirmities  of  his  disposition  and 
temper  were  such  that  lie  could  not  retain  the 
confidence  of  masses  of  the  people  however  de- 
sirous he  might  he  of  doing  so.  His  letters 
to  the  Government  earnestly  urge  that  the 
country  might  be  taken  possession  of  by  the 
United  States,  and  the  laws  extended  over  it. 
A  far  more  fortunate  selection  tor  Indian  agent 
in  Oregon  might  have  been  made,  at  the  same 
time  impartial  history  must  record  that  the 
presence  of  Dr.  White  as  such,  albeit  neither 
the  man  nor  his  work  waa  ideal,  did  something 
to  prepare  the  country  for  the  rule  of  law 
which  was  now  soon  to  be  instated. 

The  arrival  of  the  immigration  of  1842, 
bringing  as  it  did  a  great  increase  of  American 
settlers,  decidedly  intluenced  the  sentiment  of 
the  country  in  favor  of  the  immediate  organiza- 
tion of  a  government.  What  form  it  should 
tiike,  whether  it  should  be  entirely  independent 
of  both  nations  claiming  jurisdiction  over  the 
country,  or  provisional,  looking  to  an  ultimate 
supersedence,  by  the  extension  of  the  laws  of 
the  United  States  or  Great  Britain  over  Oreijon, 
became  subjects  of  warm  and  often  acrimo- 
nious debates.  That  this  should  be  sj  was  but 
natural,  as  it  was  not  easy  to  harmonize  the 
sentiments  of  those  who  yet  expected  the  su- 
premacy of  England  on  the  Pacific  coast  with 
those  who  confidently  believed  that  the  United 
States  rightfully  owned  the  country.  An<l 
besides  there  were  those  who  fostered  an  arti- 
ficial antagonism  between  the  Protestant  mis- 
sionary settlements  and  the  distinctively  Ameri- 
i3an  population.  We  have  called  this  antagonism 
♦•  artificial '"  i)ecau6e  there  was  no  ground  for 
it  in  reality,  sinije  all  these  missionary  estab- 
lishments were  intensely  American,  and  their 
real   views  could   not  but  be  in  harmony  with 


the  interests  of  Oregon's  Americanization.  Prob- 
ably a  careful  analysis  of  the  causes  lying  back 
of  this  particular  phase  of  the  (juestions  at  issue 
would  discover  that  they  were  largely  of  a  so- 
cial nature,  and  came  out  of  the  fact  that  a 
great  preponderance  of  capacity  and  training 
for  j)ublic  affairs  then  in  the  colony  was  found 
among  the  gentlemen  connected  with  these  mis- 
sions, and  it  was  hut  natural  that,  in  emergen- 
cies like  the  present,  they  should  appear  more 
conspicuously  than  others.  Of  course,  in  ad- 
dition to  these  divisions  of  sentiment,  there  was 
the  Roman  Catholic  element,  always  n)ost 
anxious  for  that  which  would  most  subserve 
the  plans  and  purposes  of  the  hierarchy  of 
Rome.  It  were  no  small  feat  to  so  far  har- 
monize these  variant  elements  as  to  secure  an 
organization  at  all;  for  there  would  needs  be 
plots  and  counterplots,  and  no  one  knew  where 
the  majority  would  stand  when  the  final  count 
should  come. 

Dr.  John  McLaughlin  gave  the  great  weight 
of  his  tiame  to  the  plan  of  an  independent  gov- 
ernment; one  entirely  .separated  from  either  the 
United  States  or  Great  Britain.  With  him,  as 
a  matter  of  course,  went  the  men  of  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  now  settlers  south  of  the 
Columbia,  and  almost  as  much  a  matter  of 
course  the  Roman  Catholics.  This  presented  a 
formidable  combination;  one  that  it  proved  not 
easy  to  overcome. 

The  first  public  indication  of  the  result  oc- 
curred at  Willamette  P\alls  (now  Oregon  City), 
then  the  chief  town  of  the  colony,  in  the  dis- 
cussion, in  a  public  lyceum,  of  a  resolution  in- 
troduced by  L.  W.  Hastings,  as  attorney  for 
Dr.  McLaughlin,  in  the  following  words: 

'•liesolved,  That  it  is  expedient  for  the  set- 
tlers of  the  coast  to  organize  an  indepondei!*'- 
government." 

At  the  close  of  the  discussion  the  vote  was 
taken,  and  the  resolution  was  adopted.  At  this 
point  Mr.  George  Abernethy,  afterward  gov- 
ernor under  the  provisional  government,  led  the 
opposition  to  this  proposition,  and  toward  the 
close  of  the  debate  introduced  another  resolu- 


n I  STORY    OF    OliBCON. 


14J 


tion  for  discussion  the  following  week,  in  the 
following  words: 

'■'■  Rcsohed,  That  if  the  United  States  extends 
its  jurisdiction  over  this  conntry  during  the 
next  four  years,  it  will  not  be  expedient  to  form 
an  independent  government." 

This  resolution  was  very  skillfully  drawn. 
Its  passage  would  do  two  things:  First,  tenta- 
tively pledge  the  people  against  an  "independ- 
ent" government;  and,  second,  clearly  express 
their  faith  in  the  ultimate  extension  of  the  laws 
of  the  American  Union  over  the  Pacific  coast. 
It  was  not  against  any  government  at  the  pi'esent 
tijne,  but  against  what  was  then  understood  as 
the  scheme  of  an  "independent  government"; 
that  is,  one  looking  to  its  own  perpetuation  as 
an  independent  power  among  the  governments 
of  the  world. 

At  the  close  of  an  earnest  debate  the  resolu- 
tion of  Mr.  Abernetliy  was  adopted.  This  set 
at  rest  the  scheme  of  an  "independent  govern- 
ment," but  it  left  the  question  of  the  formation 
of  a  provisional  government,  looking  to  its  own 
supersession  by  the  authority  of  the  United 
States  at  some  future  date  still  an  open  one. 
In  regard  to  this  the  discussion  went  on  with 
undiminished  interest. 

Meanwhile  some  of  the  leading  men  of  the 
settlement  had  called  a  public  meeting  to  be 
held  at  the  house  of  Joseph  Gcrvais,  where 
the  town  of  Gervais  now  is,  on  the  first  Mon- 
day in  March,  to  consider  measures  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  herds  of  the  settlers  from  the 
depredations  of  wild  beasts.  This  was  a  sub- 
ject that  appealed  to  all  strongly,  for  savage 
beasts  were  numerous  and  destructive.  The 
attendance  was  large,  for  it  had  become  bruited 
about  that  some  other  matter  of  importance 
would  be  brought  forward  at  the  meeting. 
This  gathering  was  known  among  the  settlers 
as  the  "wolf  meeting." 

The  result  of  thit..  gathering,  over  which 
James  O'Neil  presided,  was  the  adoption  of  a 
series  of  resolutions  providing  for  the  payment 
of  bounties  for  the  destruction  of  predatory 
animals.     After  this  was  done,  a   motion  Wf^s 


made  by  W.  II.  Gray  that  a  committee  of  twelve 
persons  be  appointed  to  take  into  consideration 
the  propriety  of  taking  measures  for  the  civil 
and  military  protection  of  this  colony.  This 
was  unanimously  adopted,  the  committee  was 
elected,  and  the  "wolf  meeting"  had  gone  into 
history. 

iJetween  the  time  of  the  adjournment  of  this 
meeting  and  the  assembling  of  another  at  Cliam- 
poeg  on  the  2d  day  of  May,  1843,  those  opposed 
to  the  organization  of  any  form  of  government 
were  not  idle.  These  were  notably  the  people 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  those  who 
called  themselves  "the  Canadian  citizens  of  Ore 
gon."  They  held  public  meetings  at  Vancou- 
ver, at  Willamette  F"all8,  and  at  the  Catholic 
Church  on  the  French  prairie.  An  "Address  of 
the  Canadian  citizens  of  Oregon  to  the  meeting 
at  Champoeg,"  prepared  by  the  Romish  priest, 
F.  N.  Blanchet,  was  circulated,  and  every  in- 
fluence possible  from  these  quarters  was  exerted 
to  prevent  affirmative  action  at  the  meeting  of 
May  2. 

The  address  of  the  Canadian  citizens  of  Ore- 
gon, written  as  it  was  by  a  man  who,  though  a 
master  of  dialectics  in  our  tongue,  the  French, 
was  unable  to  intelligently  Anglicise  his  speech, 
which  is  a  unique  specimen  of  literary  work. 
Still  it  discovers  the  entire  un-American  senti- 
ments of  those  for  whom  it  was  penned  at  that 
time,  and  their  great  wish  to  hold  the  country 
uncommitted  on  all  questions  that  might  have 
an  influence  in  finally  settling  the  dispute  for 
possession  of  Oregon  between  England  and  the 
United  States.  A  quotation  of  paragraphs  11 
and  12  of  the  "Address"  will  disclose  those 
facts.     They  are  as  follows: 

"  11.  That  we  consider  the  country  free,  at 
present,  to  all  nations,  till  government  shall 
have  decided;  open  to  every  individual  wishing 
to  settle,  without  any  distinction  of  origin,  and 
without  asking  him  anything,  either  to  become 
an  English,  Spanish  or  American  citizen. 

"12.  So  we,  English  subjects,  proclaim  to 
be  free,  as  well  as  those  who  came  from  France, 
California.  United  States,  or  even  natives  of  this 


HISTOHY    Oh'    OltHUdiW 


ciiiintry;  and  \V(i  desire  unison  with  all  tlio  re- 
s|)i'L't;il)k;  I'iti/.cns  wIkj  wish  to  sottlo  in  tliis 
coiiiitn  ;  oi'  \vi!  Jirtk  to  be  reco;^ni/.oil  iis  froo 
iiiiKjiij.'  oiii-sL'hos  to  inako  sucli  i-t'i;iilHtion»  as  ' 
appear  snitalilo  to  oiii'  wants,  savi-  the  general 
interest  of  liavina  justice  from  all  strangers 
wiio  might  injure  lis.  and  that  our  reasonable 
iMistonis  and  pretensions  he  respected."' 

This  shows,  as  well  as  such  phrases  can  show, 
that  the  real  conflict  was  the  old  one  of  rival 
claims  to  Oregon,  now  assuminjj,  so  far  as  the 
people  (»''  Oregon  themselves  were  concerned, 
only  another  form  of  expression. 

According  to  cull,  the  settlers  gathered  at 
Cliampoeg  on  the  ^l^\  of  May.  Dr.  I.  L.  I'ah- 
cock  was  chairman,  and  G.  W.  Le  Breton  was 
secretary.  The  committee  of  twelve  appointed 
at  the  previons  meeting  unxde  its  report.  A 
motion  to  accept  it  was  lost;  the  IliidsonV  Bay 
men  and  the  (-atholics,  nnder  the  lead  of  Ilev. 
I'".  N.  Blanchet.  voting  "No"  on  the  motion  to 
accept.  There  was  mnch  confnsion,  if  not  some 
consternation,  at  this  result,  for  it  seemed  that 
all  the  hopes  of  those  who  desired  the  estahlish- 
inent  of  some  order  of  government  were  to  be 
blasted.  A  motion  made  by  Mr.  Le  Breton, 
iiowever,  rescued  the  meeting  from  its  unhappy 
dilemma.  It  was  that  the  meeting  divide:  those 
in  favor  of  an  organization  taking  the  right, 
and  those  opposed  to  it  taking  the  loft.  This 
motion  prevailed  witho\;t  opposition.  "Joe 
Meek,"  an  old  Rocky  mountain  man,  of  tall, 
erect  ami  commanding  form,  tine  visatfe,  with 
a  L'oal-black  eye,  and  the  voice  of  Stentor,  a 
thorough  .'Vnierican,  stepped  out  and  shouted; 
"All  in  favor  of  the  report  of  the  committee 
and  an  organization,  follow  me."  The  Ameri- 
cans were  immediately  in  line  by  his  side. 
More  slowly  the  opposition,  Blanchet,  "to  the 
left."  The  lines  were  carefully  counted.  P'ifty- 
two  stood  with  Meek;  fifty  with  Blanchet, — ^so 
narrow  was  the  margin  of  sentiment  in  favor  of 
the  organization  of  any  form  of  government. 
Promptly  the  chairman  called  the  meeting  to 
order  again;  but  the  defeated  party  withdrew, 


leaving  only  those  who  voted  in  the  aiHrmativo 
to  conclude  the  proceedings  of  the  day. 

This  was  easily  done  for  now  the  cause  was 
in  the  hands  of  its  friends.  The  report  of  the 
eonnnittee  of  twelve  was  taken  up,  discussed, 
amended  and  adopted.  It  provided  for  the 
election  of  a  supreme  judge,  with  probate  power, 
a  clerk  of  the  court,  a  sheriff,  three  magistrates, 
three  constables,  a  treasurer,  a  major  and  three 
captains.  N.  E.  Wilson  was  chosen  to  act  as 
supreme  judge,  G.  W.  Iaj  Breton  a.s  clerk  of  the 
court,  >J.  L.  Meek  as  sheriff  and  W.  II.  Willson 
as  treasurer.  The  other  offices  wore  tilled  and 
a  "legislative  committee"  of  nine  was  ao- 
pointed,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Hill,  Robert 
Shortess,  Robert  Newell,  A.  Beers,  Ilnbbard, 
W.  II.  Gray,  J.  O'Neil.  R.  Moore  and  I)out;h- 
erty.  The  session  of  the  "  legislative  com- 
mittee" was  limited  to  six  days  and  their  per 
diem  fixed  at  §1.25,  which  they  immediately 
contributed  themselves.  This  committee  as- 
sembled at  the  Falls  on  the  10th  of  May  and 
was  furnished  a  room  gratuitously  by  the  Meth- 
odist mission  at  that  place,  which,  though  the 
best  that  could  be  had,  was  certainly  humble 
enough  to  suit  even  frontier  views  of  economy 
in  the  work  of  State  building.  It  was  a  build- 
ing 10  X  30  and  divided  into  two  rooms,  one  of 
which  accommodated  the  first  Legislature  of 
Oregon.  As  the  discussions  of  this  Legislature 
were  tentative,  and  to  be  reported  to  a  meeting 
of  the  citizens  to  be  held  at  Cliampoeg  on  the 
5th  of  .luly,  it  is  not  necessary  to  record  them 
in  extenso  hero.  The  session  continued  but 
three  d.iys. 

The  meeting  to  consider  the  report  of  the 
legislative  committee  was  to  be  on  the  5th  day 
of  July.  Showing  the  thorough  American  senti- 
ment that  pervaded  the  entire  movement  a  cel- 
ebration of  "  Independence  Day  "  had  been  ar- 
ranged for  at  the  same  place  on  the  ith,  and 
an  oration  in  honor  of  that  day  .so  dear  to  every 
true  American  was  delivered  by  Rev.  Gustavus 
Ilines.  On  the  5th  the  meeting  of  the  citizens 
was  held  and  the  orator  of  the  previous  day  was 
chosen  to  preside  over  it.     Quite  a  number  of 


L_L 


iiisroHY  i>F  .onKfiox. 


M8 


tliose  wlio  had  opposed  ori^aiiiziitioii  lit  the  pru- 
vioiis  mcetiiiir  were  present  iit  tliis  unil  an- 
iioiincod  as  fuvoral)li!  t.)  the  olijocts  suught  to 
lie  attained  by  the  American!*.  Otlieris,  how- 
ever, including  the  (Jatliolio  missionaries  and 
the  Ilndsuii's  Bay  Company,  not  only  did  not 
attend,  i)nt  pnbliely  asserted  that  tliey  wonld 
notsui)init  to  the  authority  of  any  government 
that  might  be  organized.  Tiio  representatives 
of  tlic  [ludson's  Hay  Company  addressed  a 
communication  to  the  leaders  of  tiie  movement, 
stating  that  they  felt  abundantly  able  to  defend 
i)oth  tiiemselves  and  their  political  rights. 
With  ati'airs  in  this  attitude  Mr.  Ilines  an- 
nounced that  the  report  of  the  legislative  com- 
mittee was  in  order.  The  report  wa?  accord- 
ingly reail  by  Mr.  Le  Briton.  It  consisted  of  a 
body  of  what  was  styled  by  the  committee  "or- 
ganic laws,"  prefaced  by  the  following  pre- 
amble: 

"  We,  the  people  of  Oregon  Territory,  for  the 
purpose  of  mutual  protection,  and  to  secure 
peace  and  prosperity  among  ourselves,  agree  to 
adopt  the  following  laws  and  regulations  until 
such  time  as  the  United  States  of  America  ex- 
tend their  jurisdiction  over  iis."  Then  follows 
the  usual  form  of  a  constitution,  with  the  usual 
definitions  and  restrictions  of  the  powers  of 
the  government.  It  provided  for  an  executive 
committee  of  three  instead  of  a  governor,  and  a 
legislative  committee  of  nine,  and  in  the  main 
followed  the  order  adopted  by  the  preliminary 
meeting  in  March.  It  i)rovided  that  the  laws 
of  Iowa  should  be  the  laws  of  Oregon  Territory 
in  cases  not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  made 
definite  provision  on  the  subject  of  land  claims. 
The  portion  of  the  report  that  elicited  the  most 
controversy  was  that  constituting  an  executive 
committee  of  three,  some  desiring  a  single  ex- 
ecutive and  some  wishing  to  leave  the  govern- 
ment— if  government  it  could  then  have  been 
ctlled — without  an  executive  head.  On  the  vote 
being  taken  the  body  of  "  organic  laws  "  reported 
by  the  committee  was  adopted,  with  only  slight 
amendments  by  the  meeting.  It  was  resolved 
that  the  persons  chosen  to  officiate  in  the  sev- 


eral offices  at  the  meeting  held  in  May  should 
continue  in  office  until  the  r(^llowlng  .May. 
This  left  only  tlu;  executive  committee  to  be 
elected,  and  on  a  ballot  beinti  taken  Ahinsun 
Biers,  David  Hill  ami  doseph  dale  wore  clioscn, 
and  these  throe  constituted  the  Kr.-^t  executive 
of  the  Territory  of  Oregon.  In  tliis  manner 
Oregon  passed  from  a  condition  where  every 
man  was  a  law  unto  himself  into  the  condition 
of  an  organized  political  commonwedth,  and  a 
new  era  liad  dawned  upon  her. 

The  first  election  under  the  jirovision  of "  the 
organic  law  adopted  l)y  the  people  at  Chainpneg, 
July  5,  1843,  was  held  on  the  lith  of  May, 
1844:.  At  this  election  P.  G.  Stewart,  Osborn 
liussell  and  W.  J.  Bailey  were  elected  members 
of  the  executive  committee:  Ira  L,  I'>abeock, 
Supreme  Judge,  John  K.  Long,  clerk  and  re- 
corder, Philip  Foster,  treasurer,  and  Jo.-epli  L. 
Meek,  sheritt".  Three  legislative  districts  had 
been  organized,  covering  all  of  what  now  con- 
stitutes the  States  of  Oreiron,  Washington  and 
Idaho,  and  a  part  of  the  State  of  Moiitumi.  That 
was  the  Oregon  Territory  of  the  days  of  the 
provisional  government  and  uj)  to  IS.");},  when 
Washington  Territory  was  organized  by  act  of 
Congress. 

The  ])lan  of  government  proved  so  defective, 
that  at  their  meeting  a*',  Oregon  City  in  Decem- 
ber, 1844,  the  legislative  committee  passed 
several  acts  amendatory  of  it,  providing  for  their 
submission  to  the  people,  among  which  was  a 
change  from  an  executive  committee  of  three 
to  a  governor  aii<l  from  a  legislative  commit- 
tee elected  by  the  people  ea  iiidsse  to  a  legis- 
lature representing  legislative  districts.  These 
amendments  were  adopted  by  the  people,  and  at 
the  first  annual  election  held  under  the  amended 
organic  law  on  the  3d  of  June,  1845.  C4eorge  Ab- 
ernethy  was  elected  the  first  governor  of  Ore- 
gon; John  E.  Long  was  elected  secretary;  Francis 
Ermatriger,  treasurer;  J.  W.  Nestnith,  district 
attorney;  S.  W.  Moss,  assessor;  and  Joseph  L. 
Meek  was  continued  as  sherifl".  The  total  vote 
cast  for  governor  was  504.  The  question  of 
holding  a   convention   to   frame  a    constitution 


If 


l\  I 


144 


IIlSTiHn     OF    OlIKOON. 


« 


hail  also  lu'cii  fiiit)inittetJ  to  tlio  pt'iiple,  l)iit  tliu 
plan  was  (Ift'eatotl  by  a  vote  of  28;5  against  to 
11)0  in   favor  of  it. 

At  the  time  of  his  uluction  as  governor,  Mr. 
Abornctliy  was  absent  from  tliu  country  on  a 
visit  to  the  Sandwich  ishuiils,  and  until  his  ni- 
turn  tiio  old  executive  committee  otliciatud  as 
the  executive  of   the   Territory. 

When  the  Leifislature  met  at  Oregon  City  on 
the  24th  of  June,  Mr.  Jesse*  Applej^ate  prepared  a 
Jorni  of  oath  to  be  administered  to  the  members 
elect,  the  terms  of  which  indicate  the  peculiar 
condition  of  society  existing  in  the  country  at 
that  time.     The  oath   was  as  follows; 

OATir  OK  Okkick — I  do  solemnly  swear  tiiat 
I  will  support  the  organic  laws  of  the  provis- 
sional  govermrient  of  Oregon,  so  far  as  the  said 
organic  laws  are  consistent  with  tny  duties  as  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  a  subject  of 
Great  Uritain,  and  faithftdly  demean  myself  in 
otHce.     So  help  me  God. 

This  form  of  oath,  it  will  be  seen,  left  niudi 
to  the  judgment  of  the  individual  legislator  as 
to  what  was  or  was  not  "consistent '"  with  his 
duties  '> as  a  citizen  of  the  I'nited  States,  or  a 
subject  ot"  Great  Britain."'  Still  it  is  worthy 
of  remark  that,  so  far  as  we  have  been  able  to 
ascertain  there  was  no  case  of  even  alleged  con- 
flict between  such  duties  and  obedience  to  the 
organic  law  of  the  Territory.  Indicd  there  was 
no  danger  of  this  so  tar  as  tiiose  who  were  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  were  concerned,  as  the 
organic  law  was  entirely  the  product  of  the 
spirit  of  American  citizenship,  and  was  the  act 
of  American  citizens.  Tills  form  of  oath  was 
doubtless  ilesigned  to  disarm,  as  far  as  jjossible, 
opposition  to  ]>rovi8ional  government  on  the 
part  of  those  who,  from  their  relations  to  the 
liritish  Governnii'nt  and  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  yet  persisted  in  opposing  it.  Prac- 
tically so  far  as  tiie  members  of  the  Legislature 
were  concerned,  it  had  no  afiplication,  as  they 
were  all  members  of  the  United  States,  and 
liearty  supporters  of  the  organic    law. 

As  this  was  the  first  legislature  elected  in 
the  usual  manner  by  the  ballots  of  the  electors 


iti  Oregon,  it  seems  jiropei'  that  their  names  be 
given  here,  even  though  the  limits  of  our  work 
will  not  permit  a  continuance  of  this  hereafter. 
They  were:  t 

('lackamas  District:  11.  A.  J.  Lee,  Hiram 
Straight,  W.  U.  Gray. 

Tualatin  District:  M.  M.  McUarver,  D.  Hill, 
J.  W.  Smith. 

Chainpoeg  District:  J.  }>l.  Ciarrison,  M.  G. 
Foisy,  ISarton  Lee,  Robert  ^l'ewell. 

Clatsop  District:  John  McClure. 

Yam  Hill  District:  Jesse  A pplegate,  A.  Hen- 
dricks. 

To  those  acquainted  with  the  geography  of  the 
country  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  they 
were  all  residents  south  of  the  Columbia  river, 
for,  though  there  had  been  a  district  called 
Vancouver  district,  desigmited  the  year  before, 
including  the  country  north  of  the  Columbia,  it 
had  elected  no  representative,  and  really  there 
was  hardly  any  settlement  in  it  except  by  the 
Hudson's  Bay  people,  and  these  could  hardly  be 
called  settlements  in  tlie  understandinif  of  that 
term  by  an  American. 

The  new  legislature  met  at  Oregon  City  on 
the  24tli  of  June,  and  elected  M.  M.  McCarver 
speaker.  The  first  and  most  important  business 
of  the  session  was  the  pissing  of  a  memorial  to 
Congress,  asking  for  a  Territorial  government 
according  to  the  usual  forms  of  Congressional 
action.  On  the  28th  of  June  this  memorial  was 
signed  by  the  acting  executive,  in  the  absence 
of  Governor-elect  Aberucthy,  namely,  Messrs. 
Ilussell  and  Stewart  of  the  old  executive  com- 
mittee. Supreme  Judge  Xesmfth,  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  legislature  and  Dr.  Elijah  White  was 
delegated  to  convey  it  to  Washington.  This 
being  done  the  legislature  took  a  recess  until 
August  5th,  awaiting  the  vote  of  the  people  on 
the  adoption  of  a  revised  and  amended  organic 
law  which  had  been  duly  subinitteil  to  them. 
The  vote  being  strongly  in  favc^r  of  the  new 
law,  the  Legislature  began  its  action  under  it  at 
the  appointed  time.  After  some  disagreeable 
wrangling  the  action  of  the  body  at  its  first  ses- 
sion electing  M.  M.  McCarver  speaker,  was  re- 


illSTOHY    Oh'   nithons. 


MB 


(iuiiHidoi'L'd,  unti  Koliiirl  Newull  was  clectetl  in 
liis  place.  A  spirit  of  perBonal  pHrtisatisliip  is 
diffclosed  liy  the  records  of  t!ii>  session,  pcrliaps 
not  irreiitly  to  be  wondertHl  at,  and  still  not  coni- 
Miandiiig  the  body  to  any  special  eulogy.  The 
previous  a])poiiitmeiit  of  Dr.  White  as  iiK^ssen- 
ger  to  convey  the  memorial  asking  the  organi- 
zation of  a  Territorial  government  for  Oregon 
to  C'ongress,  became  a  great  cai'isc  of  eontetilion. 
The  methods  and  spirit  of  Dr.  Wiiite,  as  wc 
liave  previously  stated,  were  such  thud  he  did 
not  command  general  public  confidence,  though 
he  did  not  fail  to  secure  a  warm  personal  and 
partisan  support.  Whether  the  action  of  the 
Legislature  in  first  appointing  him  its  messen- 
ger and  placing  its  memorial  in  his  hands,  and 
afterward,  by  a  unanimous  vote,  committing  to 
him  also  a  copy  of  the  amended  organic  law  to 
be  conveyed  with  the  memorial  to  (Joiigress, 
and  then,  in  a  few  days,  demanding  their  re- 
turn, acted  with  becoming  dignity  and  intelli- 
gence, is  a  question  wo  will  not  discuss.  Certain 
it  is,  however,  tliat  at  this  pojnt  in  the  legisla- 
tive history  of  Oregon  there  was  an  amount  of 
personal  politics  intermingled  with  all  pul)lic 
politics  not  coiiservable  of  the  best  interests  of 
the  new  commonwealth.  Further  than  this  we 
need  not  here  draw  aside  the  veil. 

The  ostensil)le  reason  for  the  action  of  the 
legislature  demanding  of  Dr.  White  the  return 
of  the  documents  entrusted  to  him,  was  that 
they  had  not  been  "attested  and  dispatched  ac- 
cording to  the  directions  of  this  house;''  or,  in 
other  words,  that  Mr.  McCarver  had  signed  the 
memorial  as  speaker  of  the  House,  which,  it 
seems,  was  not  what  that  body  desired.  If  one 
at  this  day  can  truly  read  between  '■'le  lines  of 
the  recorded  action  of  tlio  Legislature  concern- 
ing these  matters,  a  belief  that  the  prominence 
that  body  had  given  Dr.  White  as  bearer  of 
tlteso  documents  to  Washington,  and  its  conse-. 
quont  quasi  indorsement  of  him  after  his  service 
us  sub-agent  of  Indian  affairs  in  Oregon,  would 
give  him  a  strong  moral  claim  for  anv  office  of 
lionor  or  profit  he  might  desire  in  tlie  hopeil-for 
Territorial  organization.  The  meniliers  believed. 


too,  that  lit*  Would  use  his  position  for  that  eml, 
which  is  not  only  likely,  Imt  what,  probably, 
most  of  them  wouM  have  doTie  under  the  same 
circumstances 

Dr.  Wliile.  in  a  singularly  characteristic  note, 
refused  to  comply  with  flio  demand  of  the  Legis- 
lature to  return  the  documents,  and  proceeiled 
on  his  way  to  Washington.  iNot  to  be  foiled 
in  its  purjiose,  the  Legislature  caused  to  be 
forwarded  to  Congress  through  the  American 
Consul  at  the  Sandwich  islands,  a  copy  of  the 
organic  law  of  the  provisional  governmeut 
signed  by  the  governor  and  attested  by  the 
secretary,  and  also  of  all  resolutions  a(lo[)ted  by 
that  body  relating  to  the  sending  of  the  same 
to  Congress  by  the  hand  of  Dr.  White,  and  also 
a  copy  of  the  lett(!r  of  Dr.  White  declining  to 
return  the  same  to  it.  On  the  arrival  of  the 
documents  thus  forwarded  in  Washington  Dr. 
White,  who  had  reached  that  city  betore  them, 
was  confronted  by  them,  and  they  effectually  de- 
stroyed all  his  chances  for  politi(!al  preferment 
in  Oregon. 

The  result  of  these  memorials  and  petitions 
to  Congress,  in  the  then  present  attitude  nf  the 
international  dispute  regarding  the  ownership  of 
Oregon,  could  only  be  to  keep  the  question  con- 
stantly and  intluentially  before  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  and  impress  it  with  the 
vast  importance  of  the  great  country  in  dispute. 
This  they  effectually  did.  But  of  course  no 
Territorial  government  could  be  erected  over  it, 
until  all  the  antecedent  questions  of  sovereignty 
were  settled.  F^or  this  the  people  of  Oregon 
waited  impatiently.  The  (Tovernment  seemed 
much  too  tardy  and  indifferent  in  ))ressing 
these  questions  to  a  settlement,  and  the  people 
of  Oregon  were  long  left  in  suspense  as  to 
whether  they  were  really  regarded  as  American 
citizens  or  not.  Meanwliilo  the  alfiiirs  of  the 
sul  (jcneris  commonwealth  were  managed  by  the 
provisional  government  as  best  they  could  be 
in  tlie  condition  of  the  country,  and  the  hiS; 
torian,  after  making  duo  allowances  for  the  in- 
experience of  those  to  whom  wa.*-  intrusted  this 


p 


ill 


\ 


Uii 


nrsroii)    oa   (niKaox. 


hfiiililiuK f   :iiitliurity,   iiiusl    say    tlicy    were 

Well  iimimircil. 

It  WHS  rortuiiHte  timt  at  this  criticiil  JMiu'tiiro 
ill  tile  iilViiirs  of  ()re;;oii  a  iiian  of  i-alin,  self- 
|)oi8eit,  cuiiHurvHtivo  mold  was  its  oliicf  execu- 
tive otficer.  The  only  authority  of  tlie  ^overii- 
ineiit  was  a  moral  one.  Its  only  power  to 
tnilorce  its  decreew  Was  in  tlie  will  of  the  people 
to  ohey  them.  To  the  iiiiniortal  honor  of  the 
pioneeis  it  inav  he  wiitten  that  no  eoiiiitry  ever 
hail  a  lar;.i:er  inonoition  of  [leople  who  governed 
tlicMifelvus  hy  the  j^eiieral  rule  of  rij;ht-doing 
than  had  Orej^on.  To  that  elass  of  people  (tov- 
errior  Ahernethy's  ijiiiet,  undenionstnitive,  eon- 
scieniioiis  conr.se  as  an  otlicer  and  a  man  eoin- 
iiiended  itself,  and  in  eoniinendin;;  itself  also 
commended  the  aovermnent  of  which  he  was 
the  e.xecMitive  head.  Oregon  had  many  abler, 
more  hrilliant,  more  aggressive  men,  many 
id'  these  undervalued  hini,  and  depreciated 
his  conservatism,  hut  it  was  hest  for  Ore- 
1,'on.  A  Hotspur  in  the  executive  ehair  at  that 
time  Would  almost  certainly  have  so  emhroiled 
the  .\inerican  and  Uritisli  elements  then  in  tlu; 
country,  li}'  the  eijiial  rights  of  treaty  stipula- 
tions, as  greatly  to  endanger  our  national  pence, 
if  not,  indeed,  to  make  prohalile  a  conclusion  of 
our  international  controversy  less  t'avorahle  to  the 
United  States.  lie  was  strong  enotifjh  to  wait, 
wise  enough  to  lie  prudent.  This  is  said  for 
Mr.  Ahernethy  without  any  depreciation  of  the 
character  or  work  of  other  men,  coailjutors  with 
him  ill  the  tlirillingly  important  events  of  their 
era,  hut  in  just  ap|)reciation  of  the  iiiHnence 
and  work  of  this  man  in  molding  and  conserv- 
ing the  early  character  of  Oregon  history,  and 
in  liringing  Oregon  through  the  really  most 
dangerous  period  of  his  civil  political  construc- 
tion. Xo  American  at  that  time  in  Oregon,  who 
ought  to  have  heeii  thought  of  in  connection 
with  the  office  of  governor,  had  more  of  the  re- 
spect and  confidence  of  those  who  were  not 
Americans  than  he,  and  it  was  greatly  this  re- 
spect and  confidence  in  hira  that  prevented  a 
more  open  and  violent  opposition  to  the  provi- 
sional govei'iiiiient  on   the  part  of  these  people. 


Thin,  hy  some  writers,  lm«  been  set  down  as  a 
discniint  on  his  ipialitieatioiis  for  the  office 
which  he  lieM,  hut  to  lis  it  heenis  one  of  the 
prime  factors  in  the  real  influence  of  the  gov- 
ernment he  ilirected. 

While  many  very  inipiu-tant  events  in  the 
general  history  of  Oregon  occurred  during  the 
existence  of  tl'ie  |irovisioiml  government,  they 
will  Ix'  found  recorded  elsewhere  in  '  '•<  hook, 
under  the  special  departments  of  history  to 
which  tliey  helong:  what  relates  particularly  to 
the  history  of  that  government  itself  can  soon 
be  tolil.  Though  in  1846  the  "Oregon  (jiies- 
tion"  between  (-rreat  I'ritnin  and  the  United 
States  was  settled,  contirming  to  the  Uniteil 
States  all  the  country  west  of  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains up  to  the  4!)°  of  latitude,  yet  no  decisive 
niovemeiit  was  made  by  Congress  toward  the 
organization  of  a  Territorial  government  over 
it.  Therefore  on  the  3d  of  June,  1847,  another 
election  for  governor  and  other  officers,  and 
memliers  of  the  provisional  legislature  was 
held.  The  number  of  votes  polled  for  governor 
was  1,074,  (ieorge  AU^rnethy  receiving  a  plu- 
rality of  the  votes  and  iteiiig  elected.  The 
Legislature  had  then  increased  to  twenty-two 
members,  five  coming  from  the  region  north  of 
Columbia  ri\er,  and  the  names  of  several  who 
had  been,  in  some  relation,  connected  with  the 
interests  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  appear- 
ing for  the  first  time  upon  the  list  of  members. 
This  indicated  a  gradual  melting  down  of  the 
old  barriers  of  caste  and  nationality,  and  gave 
some  pledge  of  a  future  harmonioiisness  of  teel- 
jng  and  action  on  the  part  of  all  the  people  of 
t,lie  country.  The  ipiestion  of  title  to  the 
country  having  been  settled,  the  old  causes  of 
disagreement  had  passed  away,  except  the  lin- 
gering reninantH  of  personal  enmities  begotten 
of  adverse  national  predilections  and  interest. 
Many  of  these  disappeared  only  in  the  graves  of 
those  who  w'ere  prejudiced  or  fanatical  enongli 
to  entertain  them. 

The  bill  for  the  organization  of  a  Territorial 
government  for  Oregon  was  placed  on  its  final 
passage  in   Congress  on    the   12th  of  August, 


■■■^ fi—.^ — i-^- 


lllHTtmy    OF    i>HKUON. 


147 


184S.  Tlic  incitliMits  Icinlit'.!;  up  to  mid  iiftcml- 
iii^  this  t!V(int  will  1)0  toiiinl  elHowlinre  and  iiueil 
not  1)0  rofernul  to  here.  Wiieii  tlio  "ayeH"  and 
'•nays"  were  eiilleil  ii  irmjority  voted  in  the 
(itHriimtivo.  I'l-esident  I'olk  iitHxed  hi«  hIj^iiii- 
tiire  to  it  a  few  hoiir8  afterward,  utid  itt  once 


appointed  (ii'iicral  .lnse|ili  Lane,  u[  Indiana, 
j(overnor  of  the  Territory  of  ()i'ej;on.  On  IiIh 
arrival  at  Oregon  City,  on  the  3d  of  Mandi, 
184!t,  \w  icsiied  his  proclamation,  and  assumed 
the  duties  of  his  ofHcc,  and  the  provisional 
govoriitneiit  of  Oregon  hail  cuased  to  exist. 


■-^^^ 


CIIAI'TEK     XVI. 


TKRKITOKIAI.  KUA. 


Oroanization    Dbi.aved — IJknton'8    LiiiTKit — Me.  Tuoknton's    Mission  T"   WAsniNoroN    -Hii.i. 

HKKOUK  CoNORKSS — il .  L.  MkKK  ISkNT  Ti  )  WASniNC  ION — Hl.S  JoUBNKV — Ills  lllSToKV  — 
(yONrKASTS-l'uKSIDKNT  I'ol.K  AlM'OISTS  TerKITOKIAI,  OfFIOKRs— TiIK  (rOVEItNMKNr  PuorLAIMKO  - 

Census  Taken — (toi.k  Disiovekku  in  California — -Emioration  Turned  Tiiiimikr — Money 
(loiNKii — Anomalous  Condition  of  the  Country — ^Eleotion  of  Delegate  ro  Concjkehs — 
First  Territorial  Leoislatiire — Pro.misino  Condition  of  the  Territory — (Governor 
Lane  — Sui'erseded  »y  Governor  (taines — The  Keijiment  of  Mounted  Uifle.men — tJiiANiiE 
of   Territorial  Offu'kks — First  Newspapers — Steamer  Built — Death  of  Mr.  Tiior.nton. 


jLTHOUGII  the  "Oregon  question"  as  an 
international  one  was  eoiu^liuled  in  the 
euiniiier  of  ISKi,  the  country  itself  was 
left  practieally  to  its  own  resouryes  for  two 
years  longer.  It  was  coiiKdently  expected  by 
the  people  of  Oregon,  and  of  the  Eastern  States 
as  well,  that  the  organization  of  a  Territorial 
government  would  soon  follow  the  settlenient 
of  the  boundary  controversy.  Ihider  this  ex- 
pectation a  large  emigration  from  the  ohler 
States  crossed  the  plains  in  1847.  But  C!on- 
gress  delayed.  Reasons  of  politics  were  more 
potent  in  the  councils  of  the  nation  than  rea- 
sons of  statesmanship.  The  Mexican  war  was 
in  progress.  The  administration  had  all  and 
more  than  it  could  do  to  maintain  itself  before 
the  people.  Its  abdication  of  the  politics  of 
the  convention  and  the  stump  on  the  Oregon 
question  for  those  of  statesmanship  and  reason, 
had  angered  a  large  element  of  its  former  sup- 
porters,   and    the   progress    of  the    war,   while 


lifting  generals  into  higli  reputations,  was  add- 
ing nothing  to  the  honor  of  those  politicians 
who  anticipated  preferment  as  the  result  of  the 
war.  So  Oregon  must  wait.  And  another 
question  was  in  the  slumbering  Oregon  (jues- 
tion.  That  was  the  shivery  question!  and  all 
knew  that  when  the  matter  of  the  organiza- 
tiu'i  of  the  Territorial  government  for  Oregon 
came  before  Con2;res8,  this  "  Satan"  of  our 
politics  for  so  many  years  would  "  come  also.'' 
And  for  this  reason,  too,  the  question  must  wait. 
The  disappointinent  in  Oregon  over  this  de- 
lay was  intense.  To  allay  it  as  far  as  possible 
Mr.  Buchanan,  secretary  of  State  under  I'resi- 
dent  I'olk,  and  Thomas  II.  Benton,  wrote  letters 
to  the  people  of  Oregon,  giving  the  strongest 
assurances  that  they  would  be  cared  for,  and  the 
interests  of  the  rising  commonwealth  on  the 
Pacific  protected.  Mr.  Buchanan  expressed  the 
deep  regret  of  President  Polk  that  Congress  had 
neglected  Oregon,  and  promising  the   presence 


I  1 


\ 


1 

\ 

1 

.1 

; 

i 

* 

.1 


14S 


It  I  STORY    OF    OliKOON. 


of  ii  regiirient  uf  dnij^ooiis.  iiiid  tlie  occiisional 
visits  of  vessels  of  war  to  protect  the  people. 
That  of  Senator  Benton  gave  so  clear  a  view 
oi"  the  political  situation  in  which  appears  so 
much  that  is  vital  to  the  brave  frontiersmen 
of  Oregon,  that  our  readers  will  be  glad  to  see 
some  extracts  from  it.     He  says: 

"  WASinNiiniN,  March,  1847. 

"il/y  Friends  (for  such  I  may  call  many  of 
yon  from  personal  acquaintance,  and  all  of  yon 
from  my  thirty  years  of  devotion  to  the  inter- 
ests of  your  country),  I  think  it  right  to  make 
this  coinmunication  to  you  at  the  present  mo- 
ment wiic;'.  tliO  aujoiirnment  of  Congress,  with- 
out passing  tiie  bill  for  your  iroverninent  and 
protection,  seems  to  have  left  you  in  a  state  of 
abandonment  by  your  mother  country.  Vou 
are  not  abandoned.  Nor  will  you  be  denied 
])rotcction  unices  yon  agree  to  admit  slavery.  I, 
a  man  of  the  South,  and  a  slaveholder,  tell  yon 
this.  Tiie  House  of  Uepresentatives,  as  early 
as  the  middle  of  January,  had  passed  the  bill 
to  give  you  a  Territorial  government;  and  in 
that  bill  had  sanctioned  and  legalized  your  provi- 
sional organic  act,  one  of  the  clauses  of  which 
forever  prohibited  the  e.xistence  of  slavery  in 
( )regon. 

"An  amendment  from  the  Senate's  committee, 
to  which  this  bill  was  referred,  proposed  to  ab- 
rogate that  prohibition,  and  in  the  <lelays  and 
vexatiO'is  to  which  that  amendment  gave  rise, 
the  whole  bill  was  laid  upon  the  table  and  lost 
for  the  session.  This  will  be  a  great  disappoint- 
ment  to  you  and  a  real  ciilamity,  already  five 
years  without  law  or  legal  institutions  for  the 
()rotectii)n  of  life,  liberty  and  property,  and  now 
doomi  to  wait  a  year  hiiiger.  This  is  i  strange 
and  auomalouB  condition,  almost  incredible  to 
contemplate  and  critical  to  endure!  A  cv  lony 
of  free  men,  almost  four  tliousan<l  miles  from 
the  metropolitan  government  to  preserve  them! 
Hut  do  not  be  alarmed  or  desperate.  Vou  will 
not  be  outlawed  for  not  admitting  slavery. 

"Voiir  iiindamental  act  against  that  institu- 
tion, copied  from  the  ordinance  of  1787  (tlm 
wink  of  the  great  men  of  (lie  South  in  the  great 


(i:iy  of  the  South,  prohibiting  shivery  in  a  terri- 
tory far  less  northern  than  yours),  will  not  be 
abrogated.  Mor  is  that  the  intention  of  the  prime 
mover  of  the  amendment.  Upon  the  record  the 
judiciary  committee  of  the  Senate  is  the  author 
of  that  amendment,  but  not  so  the  fact.  It  is 
only  tiie  midwife  to  it.  Its  an'hor  is  the  same 
mind  that  ijenerated  the  '  Fire  Brand  llesolu- 
tions,'  of  which  1  send  you  a  copy,  and  of  which 
the  amendment  is  the  legtimatc-  derivation. 
Oregon  is  not  the  object.  The  most  rabid  prop- 
agandist of  slavery  cannot  expect  to  plant  it  on 
the  shores  of  the  I'acific  in  tiie  latitude  of  Wis- 
consin and  of  the  lake  of  the  Woods.  A  home 
agitation  for  election  and  disunion  purposes, 
is  all  that  is  intended  by  thrusting  this  fire- 
brand (jue.stion  into  your  hill  as  it  ijught  to  be. 
1  promise  you  this  in  the  name  of  the  South,  as 
well  as  of  tlie  North,  and  the  event  will  not  de- 
ceive me.  In  the  meantime  the  president  will 
give  you  all  the  protection  whicli  existing  laws 
will  enable  him  to  extend  to  yon,  and  until  Con- 
gress has  time  to  act  your  friends  must  rely 
upon  you  to  continue  to  govern  yourselves  as 
yon  I'live  heretofore  done  under  the  provisions 
of  your  own  voluntary  compact,  and  with  the 
justicO:  haniiiiny  and  moderation  which  is  due 
to  your  own  character  and  to  the  honor  of  the 
American  name.  «       *       *       *       » 

"In  conclusion.  I  have  to  assure  you  that  the 
same  spirit,  whicii  has  made  me  the  friend  of 
Oregon  for  thirty  years,  which  led  me  to  de- 
nounce the  joint-occupation  treaty  the  day  it 
was  made,  and  to  oppose  its  renewal  in  1828, 
and  to  Inbor  for  its  abrogation  until  it  was  ter- 
minated; the  .same  spirit  wiiich  led  me  to  reveal 
the  grand  destiny  of  Oregon  in  articles  written 
in  1818,  and  to  BU|)port  every  measure  for  her 
benefit  since, — the  same  spirit  -till  animates 
me  and  wiilil  continue  to  do  so  while  I  live — 
wliicli  I  hope  will  be  long  enough  to  see  an  em- 
porium of  Asiatic  commerce  at  tlie  mouth  of 
your  river,  and  a  stream  of  Asiatic  trade  pouring 
into  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  through  the 
cliannol  of  Oregon." 

Those  letrers  fully  explained  to  the  people  of 


:';t*J 


riiot 


aiflTORY    Of   OltKOON. 


I4!l 


Oregon  tlie  politii-iil  coiiciitioii  of  the  (iiiestions 
relating  to  their  interests,  as  well  as  conmnini- 
cated  to  them  the  courage  of  ussiired  expecta- 
tion. Their  provisional  government  was  meet- 
ing, in  a  reasonable  way,  tlie  necessities  of 
internal  order,  anc',  except  for  a  feeling  of 
national  ()r])hanage  that  must  have  oppressed 
the  ten  or  twelve  thousand  Americans  in  the 
country,  there  was  not  much  real  detriment  to 
the  country  in  the  delay.  That  feeling,  how- 
ever, made  the  disappointmeiit  hitter  indeed. 

To  stimulate,  as  far  as  possible,  the  action  of 
Congress,  (iovertior  Al)ernethy,  and  many  of  the 
leading  gentlemen  of  the  Territory,  requested 
Hon.  J.  Quinn  Thornton,  supreme  judge  under 
the  provisional  government,  to  proceed  to 
Wiishington  and  laiwr  with  Congress  in  behalf 
of  Oregon.  Acceding  to  their  request  Mr. 
Thornton  left  Oregon  the  latter  part  of  October 
and  arrived  in  Washington  about  the  middle  of 
May,  1848.  lie  was  received  in  a  very  cordial 
manner  by  the  friends  of  Oregon  in  Congress, 
and  by  the  president,  and.  acting  under  their 
advice,  prepared  a  memorial  .setting  forth  the 
needs  and  coiuUtions  of  the  people  of  Oregon, 
and  it  was  presented  to  both  Houses  of  Congress.' 

In  addition  to  the  memorial,  Mr.  Thornton 
drafted  a  bill  for  the  organization  of  a  Terri- 
torial government,  which  was  introduced  and 
placed  upon  its  passage.  Containing  a  clause 
prohibiting  slavery,  this  bill  was  as  objection- 
able to  the  pro-slavery  force  in  Congress  as  was 
that  which  had  been  defeated  two  years  before. 
I,ed  Ity  Jefferson  Davis  and  John  {).  Calhoun, 
tiuit  party  resisted,  witli  a  desperate  determina- 
tion, every  step  of  the  progress  of  the  bill.  By 
all  tlie  tactics  known  to  legislative  bodies  it  was 
opposed  and  resisted.  It  was  approaching  the 
time  fixed  upon  for  the  final  adjournment  of 
Congress,  August  14,  and  every  effort  was 
made  to  prevent  the  vote  being  taken.  Hut 
tlie  friends  of  the  bill  had  made  their  argiiments, 
and  resolved  to  remain  in  session  until  its  ene- 
mies yielded  to  a  vote.  \  violent  altercation, 
which  came  near  restdling  in  a  duel,  occurred 
between  Senators  Heiitcjii  of   Missouri  and  Hiit- 


ler  of  South  Carolina,  luit  after  every  expedient 
of  filibuster  and  delay  had  been  resorted  to  by 
the  enemies  of  the  bill,  the  vote  was  taken  on 
the  l>ill  at  about  8  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
August  13, 1848,  the  Senate  having  been  in  ses- 
sion all  night,  and  the  bill  was  passed.  Within  a 
few  hours  after  its  passage  Presi<lent  I'olk 
affixed  his  signature  to  it,  and  "the  Territory  of 
Oregon'"  t)ecame  a  legal  fact. 

Connecteil  with  the  influences  that  hastened 
this  reeult,  and  contributing  no  little  to  it, 
were  the  occurrence  of  the  "Whitman  massa- 
cre,"" which  is  elsewhere  in  this  book  sej)arateiy 
treated  of,  and  the  sending  of  Joseph  Meek 
as  a  special  messenger,  overland  to  Washington, 
to  convey  the  intelligence  of  the  terrible  affair, 
and  contribute  what  he  could  to  the  purj)ose 
for  which  Mr.  Thornton  had  already  gone. 
The  massacre  occurred  on  the  2yth  day  of 
November,  1847,  about  six  weeks  after  Mr. 
Thornton's  departure.  The  country  was 
plunged  into  a  state  of  grief  and  alarm.  How 
far  the  murderous  purposes  and  combinations 
of  the  Indians  extended  no  one  could  lell.  The 
provisional  Legislature  was  then  in  sess"ion  at 
V)regoH  City.  That  body,  on  the  lOth  of  Decem- 
ber, on  motion  of  .1.  W.  Nesniith,  resolved  to 
dispatch  a  special  messenger  to  Wasliington  at 
once  "for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  immedi- 
ate influence  and  protection  of  the  United 
States  (Tovernment  in  our  internal  ali'airs."'  On 
the  lOtli  of  December,  Joseph  L.  Meek  was 
chosen  as  such  messenger,  and  ^1,000  appro- 
priated for  ids  exptMises.  Mr.  Mei>k  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  but  im- 
mediately resigned  his  seat  for  the  purpose  of 
t'iiin])lying  with  the  desires  of  that  body,  as,  in- 
ilecd,of  all  the  people  of  O.'-egon. 

The  selection  of  Mr.  Meek  as  messenger  to 
carry  dispatches*  to  Washington  was,  in  most 
respects,  a  very  suitable  one.  The  mission  was 
one  of  great  peril  and  hardship.  It  was  win- 
ter, and  the  route  lay  over  nearly  !i,()00  miles 
of  entirely  unsettled  deserts  and  iiiountains,  on 
which  the  winter  storms  and  snows  held  a  ter- 
rible tyranny.      A  journey  over   them  by  sum- 


II?  ■: 


i^r.:i    i 


i 


f 


ino 


niSTORY    OF    OliEOON. 


rner  was  difficult  and  danffcrons  ennnsrh,  and 
one  by  winter  had  seidoni  lieeii  attemptuii,  and 
more  seldom  acconiplielK^d. 

Mr.  Meek  was  a  "  mountain  man."  lie  had 
spent  many  years  as  a  linnter  and  trapfier,  rang- 
ing the  valleys  of  the  upper  Missouri,  Golum- 
l)ia  and  Snake  rivers,  C'olorado  and  Salt  lakes, 
and  all  the  mountain  regfioiis  from  Missouri 
to  California  and  Oregon.  His  familiarity  with 
the  region  to  he  traversed,  his  unusual  courage, 
quick  wit,  and  great  powers  of  physical  endur- 
ance pre-eminently  qualihed  him  to  undertake 
the  hazardous  mission.  His  credentials  from 
the  J.egislature  and  governor,  and  a  memorial 
and  other  docuTiients  to  be  presentei!  to  the 
Government  at  AVashington,  were  prepared  and 
furnished  liiin,  and  on  the  4th  of  -January  he 
set  out  on  his  mission,  no  less  perilous  than 
important. 

Tile  incidents  of  this  winter  jo\irney  of  Mr. 
Meek  belong  to  the  romance  of  an  era  long 
since  departed,  the  chronicle  of  which  lives 
only  in  the  memories  of  the  few  remaining 
gray-!iaired  men  whose  early  manhood  belonged 
toit.  •  Our  space  permits  only  the  most  gei:- 
eral  reference  to  them. 

On  reaching  the  dalles  of  the  Columbia,  such 
was  the  excited  condition  of  the  Indians  between 
the  Cascade  anJ  Hlue  mountains,  that  tlie  mes- 
senger and  his  small  purty,  consisting  of  John 
Owen  and  (ieorge  Eljl)ert8,  were  corni)elled  to 
remain  at  that  place  several  weeks,  as  it  would 
then  have  been  impossible  to  have  made  their 
way  through  the  hostile  tribe. 

When  the  troops  of  the  provisional  goverti- 
inent  arrived  on  their  way  to  the  scene  of  the 
Whitman  massacre,  Mr.  Meek  accompanied 
them  as  far  as  Waulitpu,  the  scene  of  that  dire- 
ful tragedy.  One  of  Mr.  Meek's  own  children, 
who  was  in  the  care  of  Dr.  Wiiitman  and  his 
wife,  had  1)een  a  victim  of  Cayuse  treachery  at 
that  time.  The  place  and  scene  of  the  murder 
was  most  full  of  sad  and  impressive  recollections 
and  impressions,  as  the  troops  and  the  party  of 
Meek  committed  the  remains  of  the  victims  of 
that  terril)ie   day  to   the    earth,  before  he   con- 


tinued on  his  journey.  This  done,  a  company 
of  the  troops  escorted  his  small  party,  now  con- 
sisting of  seven  men,  as  far  as  the  base  of  the 
Blue  mountains,  where  the  lone  travelers  were 
cast  loose  on  the  vast  wintry  world  that  lay  cold 
and  white  for  more  than  a  thousand  miles  l)e- 
fore  them. 

Their  route  lay  over  the  Blue  mountains  into 
Grande  llonde  valley,  thence  to  Powder  river 
and  down  liurnt  river  to  Snake,  then  up  the 
great  valley  of  that  stream  to  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains, and  thence  down  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
continent  to  St.  Joseph,  on  the  Missouri  river, 
which  they  reached  in  a  little  over  two  months 
from  the  Willamette  valley.  It  is  hardly  prob- 
able that  there  was  another  man  in  Oregon  who 
could  have  accomplished  this  journey  with  the 
celerity  with  which  it  was  accomplished  by  J. 
h.  Meek.  What  remained  to  be  dotm  was  for 
him  more  difficult.  Ii  v-e  give  a  page  to  the 
consideration  of  the  unique  place,  Mr.  Meek, 
and  others  like  him,  held  in  early  Oregon  his- 
tory, this  will  be  better  appreciated,  and  one 
chajiter  of  our  story  will  be  more  clearly  read. 
I  To  do  this  we  take  him  as  the  most  prominent,  if 
not  the  best,  type  of  that  element  in  the  social 
and  civil  life  of  early  pioneer  times  in  Oregon: 

Joseph  L.  Meek  was  a  Virginian  by  birth.  In 
his  early  youth  he  found  his  way  to  St.  Louis, 
where,  in  1828,  he  engaged  himself  to  5'".  Will- 
iam Sublette,  then  and  for  years  thereafter  one 
of  the  ablest  leaders  of  the  fur  trade  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  with  his  company  went  into  the 
work  of  hunting  and  trapping  in  the  great 
mountain  regions  of  the  interior  of  the  conti- 
nent. In  various  relations  connected  with 
such  iTien  as  Sublette,  Rridger,  Fontenelle, 
Smith,  I'onneville  and  others,  he  spent  iiis  life 
until  18-K),  when  the  fur  trade,  having  almost 
entirely  failed  in  the  moimtains,  he  resolved  to 
seek  a  home  in  the  Willamette  valley.  Taking 
his  wife,  an  Indian  woman,  and  family  of 
half-breed  childrew,  he  abandoned  the  mountains 
and  took  up  his  residence  on  a  beautiful  land 
claim  about  twenty  miles  west  of  wiiere  the  city 
of  Portland  imw  stands,  on  what  was  then  known 


jm. 


mmtm 


mSTORY' Oh'    OHKGQN. 


161 


as  "  Tiinlatiti  plaiiip.  "  when  he  tlins  anil  tliere 
entered  upon  a  life  associated  with  the  jjurposos 
and  work  of  civilization.  He  wae  jnst  in  the  ma- 
turity of  his  piiysical  powers,  and  a  man  physi- 
cally of  a  fine  and  engaging  presence.  Tall, 
lithe,  well-rounded,  erect,  with  black  hair  and 
sparkling  black  eyes,  a  face  radiant  with  self- 
satistied  good  humor,  and  having  a  smooth  and 
easy  utterance,  he  could  always  secure  the  atten- 
tion of  men. 

Technically  he  was  uneducated.  Really  he 
was  educated  though  unlettered.  His  educr.tion 
was  that  of  experience  and  adventure  p.nd  dan- 
ger; a,i  education  that  goes  further  ii'  the  inak- 
inirof  a  man  than  mere  letters.  It  gave  to  him 
an  induration  of  physical  force  that  was  admira- 
ble. It  did  nc  elevate  his  ni'.ral  nature  com- 
inensurately.  It  imparted  a  keenness  of  per- 
ception to  his  intellectual  fatuities,  while  it  did 
not  broaden  and  elevate  his  rsason.  It  quickened 
his  instinctive  sagacity  into  adroitness,  while  it 
did  not  furnish  it  a  strong  basis  of  conscientious- 
ness.  Conscious,  physical  power  and  a  long 
period  of  wild  and  rapid  adventure,  gave  to  his 
naturally  independent  nature  an  abandon  that 
verged  on  recklessness.  The  wild  stories  of  the 
camps  in  which  he  spent  his  youth  and  early 
manhood,  with  their  frequent  excesses  and 
carousals,  colored  his  form  of  thought  and 
speech  with  a  spirit  of  exaggeration,  which  often 
went  beyond  the  limits  of  facts  or  truth.  Thus 
his  education, — the  education  of  the  camp  and 
the  trail  and  the  wigwam  crystallized  him  into 
that  unique  personality  that  is  known  in  early 
Oregon  history  as  "Jo  Meek  ";  a  personality  that 
was  not  without  its  importance  in  place  and 
power  in  the  early  pioneer  days  in  which  these 
latter  days  of  a  more  specious  civilized  pretense 
were  conceived  and  born,  and  that  helped  in  no 
inconsiderable  degree  to  make  these  later  and 
bettor  days  a  possibility  and  afact.  Withouthim 
and  such  as  he  thoi\  was,  these  could  not  have 
been  now.  So  we  honor  these  men  of  the  olden 
times. 

It  is  scarcely  possible  for  a  man  of  to  day,  as 
he  steps  out  of  a  gilded  palace  car,  on  the  banks 


of  the  Missouri  after  a  three-days  run  from 
Portland  to  Omaha,  to  imagine  the  appearance 
of  "Jo  Meek"  as  he  stepped  down  from  the 
back  of  his  mule  after  his  two  months'  ride  from 
Oregon,  on  that  Alarch  evening  in  1848.  He 
was  dressed  in  buckskin  pants,  with  a  blanket 
capote  and  •noii'-skin  cap,  with  moccasins  on 
his  feet.  His  hair  and  beard  was  long  and  un- 
kempt. He  had  neither  money  nor  friends,  and 
his  only  source  of  hope  to  reach  Washington 
was  in  his  mission  and  himself,  and  these  proved 
an  open  sesame  wherever  he  went.  When  he 
reached  Washington,  only  a  couple  of  weeks 
after  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Thornton,  the  documents 
he  brought,  and  his  personal  intelligence  and 
influence,  aided  no  little  in  hastening  the  action 
of  Congress  for  the  relief  of  Oregon  in  the 
adoption  of  the  bill  for  the  organization  of  a 
Territorial  government. 

After  Mr.  Polk  had  signed  the  bill  on  the 
13th  of  August  he  made  haste  to  complete  his 
part  of  the  work  of  organizing  the  Territory  by 
the  appointment  of  its  officers.  His  own  term 
of  office  as  president  was  approaching  its  limit, 
and  he  was  naturally  desirous  that  the  new 
government  of  Oregon  should  be  fully  installed 
before  its  expiration.  He  chose  General  Joseph 
Lane,  of  Indiana,  governor  of  the  Territory,  and 
appointed  Joseph  L.  Meek,  United  States  mar- 
shal, and  delegated  him  to  convey  his  commis- 
sion to  the  newly  appointed  governor,  who  was 
at  his  home  in  Indiana,  and  who  was  entirely 
unaware  of  the  duty  about  to  be  imposed  upon 
him.  (ieneral  Lane  accepted  the  commission 
thus  honorably  tendered  him,  and,  three  days 
after  he  I'cceived  it  had  closed  up  his  affairs  in 
Indiana  and  in  company  with  Mr.  Meek,  was 
on  his  way  toward  Oregon. 

After  the  most  strenuous  effort  Governor 
Lane  reached  Oregon  City,  the  then  capital,  on 
the  second  day  of  March.  1849.  On  the  third 
day  of  March  he  issued  a  proclamation  and 
assumed  the  duties  of  his  otiice.  thus  anticipat- 
ing by  but  a  single  day  the  expiration  of  the 
term  of  Mr.  Polk  as  president  of  the  (Tulfed 
States.     Thus  the  ambition  of   the  president  to 


iw'  -  < 
IS 


■1 


1 


152 


irrsToit  r  of  -  oitKaoA. 


I 


sij^'iuilizc  liis  tei'iLi  ill  tlie  u\\k\'  of  [jriwiili'iit  (if 
tlie  United  States,  into  wliicli  he  was  undonbt- 
edly  lifted  by  tlie  position  of  his  party  and  him- 
self on  the  Oregon  question,  by  the  organization 
of  the  Territorial  government  in  Oregon,  was 
gratified,  and  Oregon  passed  out  of  its  form  of 
8elf-ini])osed  jjrovisional  government,  and  was 
fully  under  the  protection  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States, 

Though  Oovernor  Lane  and  Marshal  Meek 
were  in  Oregon,  they  were  the  only  official  rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  Government 
in  tiie  Territory  for  a  number  of  months.  The 
other  Territorial  ollicers.  namely.  Kintzing  Prit- 
chell,  secretary,  Wiliiam  C.  P>ryant,  chief  jus- 
tice, and  O.  C.  J'ratt  and  Peter  11.  Burnett, 
associate  justices,  were  in  due  time  aj)pointed 
and  took  the  respective  places  assigned  them, 
and  the  Oregon  Territory  was   fully  organized. 

Immediately  on  assuming  the  duties  of  liis 
oflice,  (iovernor  Lane  appointed  marshals  to 
take  the  census,  as  provided  in  the  organic  act. 
The  ])opulation  was  then  ascertained  to  1)6 
U,0S3,  of  whom  all  but  208  were  Americans. 

When  the  bill  for  the  organization  of  the 
Territory  of  Oregon  became  a  law.  containing 
liberal  promises  for  the  donation  of  lands  to 
actual  settlers,  it  was  anticip.it^d  that  the 
country  would  immediately  be  tilled  with  those 
who  were  an.xions  to  avail  themselves  of  this 
provision.  The  drift  of  emigration  was  almost 
entirely  toward  Oregon.  California  was  little 
known,  and  few  cared  to  venture  among  tlie 
Mexico-Spanish  people  of  that  region.  Almost 
simultaneously  with  the  passage  of  the  bill, 
liowever.  there  occurred  an  event  in  that  Terri- 
tory that  turned  the  tide  of  emigration  from  the 
Eastern  States  thitherward,  and  even  drew  very 
heavily  on  the  po]mlation  of  Oregon  itself.  This 
was  the  discovery  of  gold  at  ('oloina,  on  the 
south  fork  of  tiie  Amei'ican  river,  by  .lames 
W.  Marshall,  who  was  among  the  arrivals  iii 
Oregon  in  the  autumn  of  1844:,  but  went  to 
('alifornia  in  1^45,  and  entered  the  employ- 
ment of  Captain  John  A.  Sutter  at  that  place. 
In  a  few  mouths  intelligcuice  of  this  event  had 


reached  the  F^astern  States.  It  awakened  a 
great  excitement,  and  intending  emigrants  to 
Oi'egon  l>y  the  thousand  turned  to  California. 
The  emigration  on  the  plains  in  the  summer  of 
1848  met  the  intelligence  on  the  way  and 
largely  turned  toward  the  fiekis  of  gold.  In 
August,  about  seven  months  from  the  date  of 
the  discovery,  tlie  news  reached  Oregon  by  a 
vessel  which  entered  the  Columbia  river  for  a 
cargo  of  supplies  for  rhe  mines.  The  effect 
upon  the  people  of  Oregon  was  even  more 
marked  than  that  on  any  other  part  of  the 
country.  Nearly  the  entire  adult  male  popu- 
lation of  the  territory  rushed  to  California! 
Farms  were  left  untilled  and  harvests  un- 
roaped.  It  looked  as  though  Oregon  would  be 
dej)opiilated.  For  two  or  three  years  this  ex- 
odus had  a  great  effect  on  the  prosperity  and 
improvement  of  the  country.  Hut  the  pro- 
ductiveness of  the  lands  of  Oregon,  and  the 
average  salubrity  of  its  climate  had  become  so 
well  known  that  gradually  most  of  those  who 
had  left  returned,  and  again  emigration  resumed 
its  old  flow  into  the  valley  of  the  Willamette, 
besides,  the  mines  of  California  oi)ened  the  first 
market  for  the  abundant  products  of  Oregon; 
prices  rose  to  almost  fabulous  figures;  and  for 
a  few  years  the  gold-diggers  of  the  plains  of 
California  poured  a  stream  of  the  yellow  dust 
into  the  pockets  of  the  farmers  and  lierdsmen 
of  Oregon.  Prospectors  pushed  their  discover- 
ies northward  of  the  Sacramento,  until  in  1851 
rich  mines  were  discovered  in  Southern  Oregon. 
So,  while  the  first  effect  of  the  discovery  of 
gold  in  California  \vas  detrimental  to  the  pros- 
perity of  Oregon,  its  ultimate  result  was  the 
opening  of  an  er..  of  unexampled  advancement. 
l'{)  to  this  time  there  had  been  but  little  coin, 
or  money  of  any  kind,  in  the  country.  So 
straitened  were  the  people  for  a  circulating 
medium  that  the  provisional  Legislature  made 
wheat  a  legal  tender  at  one  dollar  per  bushel. 
Orders  on  the  Hudson's  Hay  ('ompany,  and  on 
some  mercantile  establishments,  and  upon 
the  Methodist  mission,  though  not  legal  tend- 
ers, passed  current  among  the  people  the  best 


I 


it 


1 


HISTORY    Oh'    OliEOOy. 


Vi3 


mt'diiitn  of  exchange  timt  ooiilil  be  had.  But 
with  the  coining  of  gold  dust  into  the  country 
ill  tlie  winter  of  1848  and  '49,  tliis  was  passed 
cun'ciit  as  money,  thuugh  at  a  great  loss  to 
tliose  wlio  were  comjieUed  to  dispose  of  it  as 
such,  as  an  ounce  of  gold  dust  intriii- 
sieally  worth  from  16  to  18  dollars  could 
lie  sold  for  only  11.  To  remedy  this  evil 
the  provisional  Legislature  passed  an  act  for 
the  "  assaying,  melting  and  coining  of  gold." 
Heforc  anything  was  done  under  this  act,  how- 
ever, the  functions  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment were  terminated  hy  the  arrival  of  Gover- 
nor Lane  and  the  organization  of  the  Territorial 
government.  Still  private  enterprise  came  for- 
ward and  supplied  the  want  by  issuing  what  is 
known  as  "beaver  money,"  in  coins  of  Hve  and 
ten  dollars  in  value.  Tiiese  coins  bore  on  the 
obverse  side  the  figure  of  a  beaver — whence 
their  name — above  which  were  the  letters '-K., 
M.,  T.,  A.,  W.,  11,  C,  S.,"  and  beneath  >'0.  T. 
1819."  On  the  reverse  side  was  "Oregon  E.\- 
cliango  Company,  130  Grains  Xative  (iold,  5 
D"  or  "10  pwts.  20  grains,  10  D."  The  letters 
were  the  initials  of  the  gentlemen  composing 
the  company,  namely:  Messrs.  Kilbourne,  i[a- 
gruder,  Taylor,  Abernethy,  Willson,  Rector, 
Campbell  and  Smith.  The  dies  were  made  by 
Mr.  Hamilton  Campbell,  and  the  press  and 
rolling  machine  iiy  W.  11.  Hector.  This  was 
not  claimed  by  the  company  as  money,  but 
simply  that  so  much  value  in  gold  was  put  into 
this  convenient  form  for  uce  as  a  medium  of  ex- 
change. In  a  few  years,  however,  the  "coin  of 
the  roalm"  became  [ilentiful,  and  these  found 
tiicir  way  to  the  United  States  mint  for  rc- 
cuinage. 

Though  (Tdieral  Lane  had  assumed  the  duties 
of  liis  office  on  the  3(1  day  of  March,  1849, 
there  could  scarcely  be  said  to  be  any  govern- 
ment ill  the  country  for  some  months  subse- 
(inently.  Tiiere  was  an  executive  but  no  laws 
to  execute,  and  no  courts  for  processes  and 
trials.  The  condition  was  anomalous,  and  far 
from  satisfactory.  The  seat  of  government  at 
Washington   was  so  distant,  and  so  much  time 


was  required  to  commiinicate  with  it,  and  the 
appointed  Territorial  oHicers  were  so  tardy  in 
arriving  anil  entering  on  their  duties,  that  the 
people  became  anxious  and  discontented.  So 
much  time  was  required  to  complete  the  census, 
and  in  other  needful  preparations  that  Governor 
Lane  could  not  call  an  election  for  delegate  to 
Congress  and  members  of  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature before  the  6th  of  June,  1849.  The  total 
vote  cast  for  ilelegate  to  Congress  was  but  943, — 
a  very  small  vote  for  the  population  of  over 
9,000  as  ascertained  by  the  census  only  just 
coinpletdl.  This  was  owing  to  the  absence  of 
such  a  i;reat  number  of  the  adult  males  in  the 
California  gold  mines.  Of  this  vote  Samuel  K. 
Thurston  secured  47(t,  Columbia  Lancaster,  331, 
James  AV.  Nesmith,  104,  Joseph  L.  ^[eek,  40, 
and  tF.  S.  Gritfin,  8. 

Governor  Lane,  in  his  pripclaination  calling 
an  election,  had  made  an  appointment  of  mem- 
bers  of  the  Legislature  to  the  several  counties 
or  districts  as  they  had  i)C(!ii  formed  by  the 
provisional  Legislature, ami  the  I'ollowiiig-named 
gentlemen  were  elected  to  the  lirst  Territorial 
Legislature: 

Coimcil:  W.  Ulain, Tualatin;  W.  W.  Buck, 
Clackamas;  S.  Parker,  Clackamas  and  Cliaiii- 
poeg;  W.  Shannon.  Champoeg;  S.  K.  McKeon, 
(Matsop,  Lewis  and  Vancouver;  J.  B.  Graves, 
Yam  Hill;  W.  Maley,  Linn;  N.  Fonl,  Polk;  L. 
A.  Humphrey.  BentOii. 

/iej)reiient(it'V'.'.s:  1).  Hill  and  W.  M.  King, 
Tualatin;  .\.  T.  LoMvjoy.  .L  i).  Holinan  and 
Gabriel  Walling.  ClHcknmas;  .1.  W.  Green,  W. 
W.  (■hii.pinan  and  W.  T.  Matlock,  (Miam|)oeg; 
N.  .r.  Hunbree.  R.  C.  Kinney  and  J.  I!.  Walling, 
Yam  Hill;  J.  Diiiilap  and  J.  Carser,  Linn;  11. 
N.  V.  Holmes  and  S.  Barch.  Polk:  M.  T. 
Simmons,  Lewis,  Vancouver  and  Clatsop;  J.  L. 
Mulkey  and  G.  B.  Smith.   Benton. 

The  Ijcgislatiire  assembled  at  Oregon  ('ity, 
July  16,  1849,  and  held  a  brief  session,  in 
which  they  apportioned  their  future  member- 
ship; changed  the  names  of  Champoeg,  Tual- 
atin and  Vancouver  conntics  to  Marioti,  Wash- 
ington and  Clarke,  respectively;  .decided   wiiat 


1.^ 


tn4 


msronr  of  oreoon. 


orticer?  the  viirious  counties  should  have,  and 
provided  tor  their  election  the  tbllowiiif;-  Octo- 
ber, and  divided  the  Territoiy  into  three  jiidici'U 
districts.  In  Octobc  tiieconnty  elections  were 
held,  and  the  officers  who  were  chosen  (jualitied 
immediately,  and  the  Territorial  (iovernment  of 
Oregon  thus  completed  its  organization. 

The  condition  of  Oregon  at  this  date  was 
most  promising.  The  doubt  and  hesitation  and 
distrust  of  the  period  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment had  passed  away.  The  end  of  Hudson's 
Hay  domination  had  come.  Henceforth  that 
great  corporation  was  here  only  for  a  limited 
time,  and  while  here  could  exercise  no  power 
over  public  affairs, only  as  its  individual  members 
chose  to  become  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  take  their  place  in  the  body  politic  as  such. 
iNo  longer  did  the  power  of  British  ships  of 
war  in  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers 
alarm,  or  their  threats  annoy.  Courts  were  or- 
ganized for  the  redress  of  wrong  and  the  sup- 
port of  right.  The  stars  and  stripes  truly  em- 
blemed the  sovereignty  of  the  land,  and  was  the 
y)ledge  of  the  protection  of  a  great  nation. 
And  ill  a  climate  as  genial  as  man  could  desire, 
on  a  soil  as  fruitful  as  an  Eden,  amidst  scenery 
that  was  forever  an  icipiratio!)  of  great 
thoughts  and  high  ambitions,  and  a  j)eo|)le 
whose  energy  and  patriotism  and  intelligence 
had  marked  them  as  leaders  and  builders  of 
society  even  before  they  had  come  into  this 
sunset  land,  there  seemed  little  before  the  in- 
fant commonwealth  to  interfere  witli  or  prevent 
its  rapid  growth  into  a  great  and  prosperous 
State.  And  really  there  was  not;  as  our  history 
will  show. 

The  time  of  General  liane  as  governor  was 
short.  James  K.  Polk  was  succeeded  by  General 
Taylor  as  presfdent  of  the  United  States,  .March 
4,  1849,  one  day  after  General  Lane  assumed 
the  duties  of  his  office.  In  April,  1850,  he  se- 
cured notice  that  President  Taylor  had  removed 
him  from  office  and  appointed  ^layor  John  P. 
Gaines  in  his  stead  on  the  second  day  of  the 
previous  October. 

An  interesting  incident  connected   with    this 


ap])ointinent  was  that  General  Taylor  first  of- 
fered the  governorship  of  the  Territory  to 
.Vbrnham  Lincoln,  who  was  an  applicant  lor  the 
post  of  commissioner  of  the  general  land  otlice. 
That  place  being  filled.  President  Taylor  ofi'ered 
him  the  place  of  governor  of  Oregon.  Mr.  Lin- 
coln declined  it,  doubtless  believing  that  better 
opportunities  for  his  future  advancement  would 
exist  in  the  East  than  in  the  narrower  associa- 
tions of  the  J'acitic  coast.  It  is  interesting  to 
speculate  on  the  changes  and  modifications  in 
State  and  national  history  which  wouhl  have  oc- 
curred had  Mr, Lincoln  become  governor  of  this 
then   must  obscure  Territory. 

Of  course  iluring  this  brief  time  little  occur- 
red iu  the  Territory  that  made  much  impression 
on  the  history  of  the  country.  A  regiment  of 
mounted  rifles  was  sent  across  the  ])iaitis  in  the 
summer  of  1848,  and  were  stationed  at  various 
posts,  as  Oregon  City,  which  was  its  head  (piar- 
ters,  Vancouver,  Astoria  and  on  Puget  sound. 
This  regiment  was  commanded  by  Colonel  Lor- 
ing,  afterward  general,  who  achieve*!  notori- 
ety, if  not  reputation  in  Egypt  as  Luring  Pasha. 
The  regiment  was  greatly  weakened  by  deser- 
tions, 400  deserting  at  once  and  leaving  for  the 
gold  mines  of  California.  General  Lane,  being 
appealed  to  by  the  colonel,  collected  a  body  of 
volunteers  and  pursued  them  as  far  as  Rogue 
river,  where  260  surrendered  to  him  and  were 
brought  back,  but  the  remainder  succeeded  in 
reaching  the(/alifornia,  and  were  never  returned 
to  their  servic(!. 

In  May,  Governoi'  Lane  made  a  journey  to 
southern  Oregon  to  conclude  a  treaty  with  the 
Indians  of  that  region,  who  had  always  been 
turbulent,  and  after  completing  it  satisfactorily, 
he  passed  on  into  California.  He  had  fixed  on 
the  ISth  of  June  as  the  time  in  which  he  would 
vacate  the  office  of  governor  and  so,  like  so  many 
others  at  that  time,  he  kept  on  into  the  gold 
mines  seeking  for  better  fortune.  Governor 
Gaines  reached  Oregon  City  and  assumed  the 
duties  to  which  he  had  been  ap|)ointe(l  by  Presi- 
[  dent  Taylor  on  the  l!Hh  of  September,  nearly  a 
I   year  after  his  appointment.     Tliore  was  also  an 


msTOIiY    OF    UHEilON. 


lis 


entire  change  in  Territorial  offices,  consecjiient 
on  tiie  incoming  of  the  Whig  nationiil  iidrninis- 
tralion.  Kdward  Hatniltoii  was  made  secretary; 
Jolir  McKain  and  William  Story,  judges; 
Amo:7  llolhrook,  United  States  attorney;  Joiin 
Adair,  collector  of  ciiBtoms;  and  Ilonry  II. 
Spauldinj;,  Indian  agent.  Joseph  L.  Meek  re- 
tained to  the  position  of  United  States  marshal. 
The  Legislature  Assembly,  whose  members  had 
been  elected  in  June,  iriet  in  December.  This 
body  being  Democratic,  was  not  in  political  har- 
mony with  the  Territorial  officers  who  were  Wiiigs 
and  the  session  was  not  as  productive  of  good 
to  the  Territory  as  it  should  have  been.  The 
Legislature  was  an  able  body  of  men,  including 
some  who  liave  done  as  much  to  mold  the 
character  of  Oregon  socially  and  politically  as 
any  men  ever  in  the  State,  among  whom,  for 
the  length  and  eminence  of  his  service  may  be 
mentioned  the  name  of  M.  P.  Deady,  long 
one  of  the  most  eminent  jurists  of  the  nation. 

It  devolved  on  this  body  togive  the  Territory 
a  code  of  laws,  and  to  adjust  all  legislation  to 
to  the  new  conditions  introduced  by  the  new  form 
of  government,  and  the  great  increase  of  popu- 
lation and  enlarged  commercial  and  social  de- 
mands. The  members  of  the  body  ably  and 
patriotically  met  their  obligations,  and  tlie 
result  of  their  generally  wise  action  was  in- 
creased and  permanent  prosperity  in  the  Terri- 
tory. 

Two  events  occurred  in  the  Autumn  of  1850 
and  the  early  part  of  1851.  that  were  both  the 
product  of  the  new  era  and  an  omen  of  its  en- 
larging life.  These  were  the  establisiiineut  of 
three  newspapers,  and  the  building  of  a  steam- 
boat to  ply  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia 
rivers.  For  some  years  a  newspaper  called  the 
Oregon  Spectator  had  been  published  at  Ore- 
gon City  by  an  association  of  gentlemen  of 
which  George  Abernethy  was  president,  which 
had  contributed  much  to  the  social  attraction 
and  general  advancement  of  the  people.  Hut 
with  the  inauguration  of  the  territorial  era  there 
was  a  large  influx  of  ambitious  and  talented 
men,  anxious  for  place,  and  as  anxious  for  or- 


gans by  which  they  could  reach  and  influence 
the  public  mind.  Also,  rival  towns,  with  views 
of  metropolitan  importance  and  greatness  before 
the  eyes  of  their  founders,  were  established, 
and  they  too  must  needs  have  inciliums  by 
which  their  advantages  and  the  disadvantages 
of  their  rivals  might  be  made  known  to  the 
world.  Accordingly  on  the  2'Jtli  of  November, 
1830,  the  Western  Star  rose  on  the  horizon  of 
Milwaukee,  then  a  vigorous  and  formidable  • 
rival  of  Portland  and  all  other  places  for  metro- 
politan honors.  Lot  Whitcomb,  a  name  very 
widely  and  honorably  known  in  Oregon  in  these 
early  days,  was  its  publisher,  and  John  Orvis 
Waterman  its  editor.  On  the  4th  of  December, 
Mr.  Thomas  J.  Dryns  issued  the  flrst  number  of 
the  Oregonian  in  Portland.  In  the  following 
March  the  first  number  of  the  Oregon  States- 
man was  issued  by  Mr.  Asahel  Bush  at  Oreoft)n 
City.  From  the  first  the  Oregonian  and  States- 
man became  the  organs  of  the  two  great  |)oliti- 
cal  parties  of  the  country, — tlie  Whig  and  Dem- 
ocratic. They  were  both  of  the  most  pronounced 
ty))e  of  party  journalism.  Theireditors  were  men 
of  talent,  full  of  zeal  for  their  parties  and 
fearless  in  their  advocacy  of  their  principles 
and  candidates.  While  it  is  ])roper  to  concede 
to  both  of  the  able  editors  of  these  papers  a  sin- 
cere desire  to  advance  the  interest  of  the  Terri- 
tory, it  is  necessary  to  the  trutii  of  history  to 
say  that  the  style  of  their  work  was  far  more 
that  of  the  bitter  partisan  rather  than  of  the 
broad  statesman.  But,  in  the  disjointed  and 
conglomerate  state  of  social  life,  then  prevalent 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  where,  more  than  any 
where  else  in  the  world,  every  man  did 
what  he  pleased,  and  said  what  he  pleased, 
perhaps  it  would  have  been  too  much  to  exf)ect 
that  newspapers  would  be  specially  distinguis-hed 
by  their  suaviter  in  modo  rather  than  by  their 
fortiter  in  re.  Certainly  these  were  not,  and 
they  won  an  unenviable  notoriety  for  the  style 
of  their  journalism;  but  at  the  same  time  they 
did  much  in  these  early  and  not  very  (juiet  days 
for  the  progress  and  development  of  the  new 
Territory. 


1S6 


BISTORT    OF    OREGON. 


Tliu  Wupturii  Still'  dill  Mot  loiiji  ii'iimiii  iiliuvo 
tlui  horizon.  Tlio  Statesiniiii  iiiiJ*  iiiid  a  soino- 
wliat  clioc'kered  career,  imt  still  exists,  and  is 
MOW  piitjlislied  at  Salem,  the  capital  of  the  State. 

The  Oregoniaii  has  held  on  its  steady  course 
of  piihlication  in  the  city  in  which  it  was  estab- 
lished; i,'rowing  with  the  growth  and  strength- 
enitii^r  with  the  strength  of  the  city  and  the 
eonntry,  nntil  its  scope  and  |)0wer  as  a  daily 
and  weekly  Jonrnal  it  is  the  fully  equal,  if  not 
indeed  the  real  sujierior  of  any  newspa[)(M-  ])ul)- 
lishcd  on  the  Pacific  coast;  and  there  are  few 
in  the  nation  that  can  stand  as  its  rival. 

The  steamer  hnilt  in  the  antyinn  of  ISoO,  was 
construeted  at  Milwaukee  and  called  in  honor 
of  is  owner  the  "  I..ot  Whitcomh  "  of  Oregon. 
She  was  launched  on  Christinas  day,  a  great 
crowd  of  peoj)le  attending,  amid  peals  of  cannon 
and  the  cheers  of  the  multitude,  Governor  (iaines 
formally  christening  her  as  she  moved  from 
her  ways  into  the  waters  of  the  Willamette.  As 
we  give  elsewhere  an  extended  account  of  the 
irrowth  and  extent  of  the  inivigation  interests 
of  this  State,  it  is  not  ncccessary  to  pursue  the 


theme  further  at  this  point  than  to  announco 
the  appearance  of  this  pioneer  of  the  magnificent 
fleet  of  steam lioats  that  have  since  plied  upon 
the  waters  of  Oregon. 

Early  in  1851  Samuel  \l.  Thurston,  delegate 
to  (Jongress  from  the  Territory,  died.  Ho  was 
on  his  way  home  from  Washington,  and  while 
at  sea  between  I'anama  and  Acapulco,  closed 
his  life,  and  was  burled  at  Acapulco.  Wlien 
the  news  reached  Oregon  a  few  weeks  later  it 
caused  a  general  expression  of  sorrow.  lie  was 
a  brilliant  young  man,  full  of  fiery  ambition, 
and  it  was  expected  that  he  would  not  only  se- 
onrc  fame  for  himself  but  would  accomplish 
much  for  his  adopted  Territory.  lie  had  made 
a  tine  reputation  during  the  sliort  time  he  was 
in  Congress  for  ability  and  efttciency,  and  it 
was  thought  that  he  would  be  returned,  as  he 
belonged  to  the  party  that  was  strongly  domi- 
nant in  the  politics  of  the  Territory.  At  its 
next  session  the  Legislature  honored  him  by  be- 
stowing his  name  u[)on  a  county  organized 
north  of  the  Columbia  river,  and  now  including 
the  capital  of  the  State  of  Washington. 


^^Bf 


S^-^- 


!     ! 


HISTORY    OK    OUKQON. 


Vu 


rilAPTKU  XVll. 
TEKKITOKIAI.  KKA,  CONTINUED. 
Gknkuai.    Latkik   Elkctki)  I)p;i.E(JArK — Gout     Disi-uvkkkd   in    Solthkkn    Okwion — Indians    (i>- 

SoUTUKKN     ()rK(»(IN A    YkAK  OK    DiSASTKK — ImMIII  liAliON   (IK     1852  —  DlVI81l).N    OK  TlIK    '1'kKKI- 

TORY — SizkoktiikTerkitobv — I'lOKT  Sound  Rkgion — -Movkmknt  kou  a  Tkkrikiiiv  North  ok 
TiiK  Columbia    -Gknkkai,  Lane  aciain  (ioveknor — Talented  Okkickhs — Lane  Elected  Dele- 

<tATE    TO     C(>N(JKKSS — -JoilN     W.    DaVIS     GOVERNOR — QlIKSTION     OF     StATE    GoVKRNMENT    Sill- 

MiTTED — Is  Succeeded  hy  Secretary  Curry — Lkoislaturk  again  Suiimits  the  Question  ok 
State  Government — It  Secures  a  Lakoe  Majority — State  Convkmion — Its  Personnel — 
Questions  1'kndino— Constitution  Adoi'tkd  iiy  tiih  Pkoi'le— The  Slavery  (Question — Elec- 
tion OF  Representatives  v.  Congress  and  Senators — AuMiasioN  Retarded — Oregon  Ad- 
MirrED  A8  a  State. 


HIE  act  ill    Mr.   Tluirstoir.s  CongrcRsional 
course  tliiit  lirouglit  liiiii   most  credit  was 
^    what     was    called    the    "  <)rogon     Land 
Law." 

Ill  Oregon,  e8j)ecially  during  the  active  life 
ot"  those  who  more  or  less  prominently  were  as- 
sociated with  the  events  of  this  period,  the  au- 
thorship of  this  law  was  a  subject  of  very 
acrimonious  claim  and  counter-claim.  That  is 
a  discussion  into  which  we  see  no  reason  to  en- 
ter. It  seems  to  us  most  probable  tliat  no  one 
man  can  olaiin  to  have  originated  and  perfected 
that  measure.  In  the  very  earliest  propositions 
in  Congress  looking  toward  the  settlement  of 
Oregon  by  emigration  from  the  Eastern  States 
there  appears  something  relating  to  some  propo- 
sitions for  the  donation  of  lands  to  actual  set- 
tlers. In  the  measures  of  Senators  Linn  and 
Benton  such  a  ])urpo8e  i.s  clearly  outlined. 
When  Mr.  J.  Quiiin  Thornton  was  in  Wash- 
ington as  a  messenger  from  the  provisional 
governor  and  other  leading  citizens  of  the 
State  in  1848,  he  prepared  a  bill  with  the  same 
general  provisions  and  purpose.  The  bill  finally 
urged  to  its  passage  by  Mr.  Thornton  was  of  the 
same  tenor.  After  all  that  had  been  done  by 
others  in  the  long  course  of  time,  during  which 
Oregon  settlement  was  before  Congress  in  var- 
ious   ways,  Mr.  Thornton's  bill  could  not  have 

10 


been  wholly  original  in  conception  nor  even  in 
form.  Still  substantially  the  bill  was  his,  as 
the  only  man  authorized  to  speak  on  the  floor 
of  Congress  for  the  people  of  t)regon,  while,  at 
the  same  time,  its  general  purpose  was  a  growth 
in  the  minds  of  many  men  for  a  series  of  years. 
It  was  Mr.  Thornton's  duty,  as  delegate,  to  put 
into  concrete  form  the  abstraci,  and  multifarious 
suggestions  that  ho  had  caught  up  from  many 
sources,  and  mold  them  into  an  act  of  legisla- 
tion.    This  duty  he  did. 

This  law  provided,  in  general,  for  the  dona- 
tion of  a  section,  or  640  acres,  of  land  to  a  mar- 
ried man  and  his  wife  wlio  should  settle  on 
and  cultivate  the  same  before  a  given  time,  in 
accordance  to  the  provisions  of  the  law;  uiid 
320  acres,  or  half  a  section,  to  a  single  man.  The 
provisions  were  liberal,  and  yet  without  the  set- 
tlement and  cultivation  of  the  land,  so  distant 
was  it  from  the  older  States,  the  land  was  valut- 
lesj  to  the  Government. 

The  effect  of  the  passage  of  the  land  law  was 
very  marked  in  two  respects:  First,  it  stirred 
the  fever  of  emigration  from  fhe  Western  States, 
and  sent  thousands  across  the  plains  when,  but 
for  it,  then  would  not  have  i)een  scores. 
Secondly,  it  alienated  the  old  servants  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  who  had  settled  on 
some  of  best  lands  in  the  Territory,  from  their 


tM 


lITsriUir    i)F    OltFJlON. 


loyiilty  til  llmt  ('(uniiiiny,  which  tlicy  \\m\  liithurto 
tiiTved  so  fHitlifiilly,  iiiid  tiiriicd  their  tliouj;;hts 
lit  (iiii,'('  ti)  Aiiiericiiii  citi/ciishiii  as  tliat  to 
whieli  they  must  foe  thu  irieaiis  oi'  iic(jiiiiiiiif  an 
easy  iiiile|ien(lt'iici'.  V.ww  the  active  iiieinbers 
aiid  (itliccis  of  that  coin|)aMy  licj^aii  to  feel  that 
it  liml  (lone  for  tlieiii  all  it  could  do,  a'nl  'ta 
work  liec^aii  to  rest,  like  a  gulling  yoke,  upon 
their  t*hoiihlor>.  In  jiroportioii  as  tlic  United 
Stati'S  could  hold  out  promises  of  help,  that 
company  lu'canie  less  capable  of  helping  any 
l)ody.  and  its  own  iieople  could  not  hut  see  it. 
So  as  the  new  iK^pe  rose  to  them  the  old  hope 
eef,  and  Oregon  as  an  American  Territory  be- 
gan at  once  to  feel  the  pulse  of  a  new  and 
vigorous  life. 

The  news  of  his  death  reached  Oregon  a  few 
weeks  before  the  general  ele<'tion  at  which  his 
successor  was  to  be  elected,  and  (ieiieral  Joseph 
Lane,  who  had  returned  from  California,  became 
the  Democratic  candiilate  in  bis  stead,  lie  was 
elected  over  W.  II.  Willson,  his  Whig  opj)onent, 
by  a  vote  of  2,093  against  548. 

I'eyond  the  events  hei'e  rt'corded  there  was 
little  during  the  years  1851  and  1852  of  8])e<'ial 
historic  interest.  AVliat  awakended  the  most 
interest,  and  contributed  most  to  the  general 
prosperity  .of  the  country,  was  the  discovery  of 
rich  and  e.xtensive  mines  of  gold  in  Southern 
Oregon  early  in  18.^1.  Several  thousand  miners 
in  a  few  months  tilled  the  hills  and  gulches 
tributary  to  Rogue  river  valley.  The  town  of 
Jacksoiiville  was  founded,  and  the  inininj^  camps 
and  agricultural  settlements  spread  up  aiul 
down  the  valleys  and  tlirough  the  hills  from 
the  California  line  to  the  (.allapooia  mount 
ains.  Several  towns  were  laid  out,  the  one 
proving  the  most  important  and  prosperous  be- 
ing Scottsburg  on  the  Tnijiqua  river.  Such 
an  impetus  was  given  to  the  settlement  of  the 
country  by  the  discovery  of  the  mines  that  in 
1852  two  counties.  iJrjuglas  and  .lackson,  were 
organized  by  the  Legislature.  From  those,  in 
later  times,  (^oos,  Curry  and  Josephine  have 
been  taken. 

The    Indians   of    southern    Oregon    were   a  i 


strong  and  warlike  people.  They  liad  always 
l)cen  hostile  in  spirit,  and  of[en  in  fact,  since 
the  whites  began  t(i  pa>s  through  their  country. 
Tiie  early  hunters  and  fur  traders  were  put 
upon  their  utmost  vigilance,  and  often  their 
greatest  bravery,  while  pursuing  their  vocta- 
lions  among  them.  Kveu  the  Hudson's  liay 
Company  was  compelled  to  deal  with  them 
with  a  strong  and  relentless  hand,  to  secure  the 
safety  of  their  parties  when  passing  through  the 
country.  In  1811  two  missionaries,  Messrs. 
.lason  I>ee  and  (iustavus  llines,  made  an  ex- 
ploration of  the  Umpqua  valley,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  establishing  a  mission  at  the  mouth  of 
tliat  stream,  but  found  them  so  untractable  and 
giving  so  little  promise  of  improvement,  and 
were  in  such  peril  of  their  own  lives  during  the 
short  time  they  were  encamped  among  them, 
that  the  design  was  ubandone(L  .Numerous 
collisions  occurred  between  the  Indians  and 
comj)anie8  of  whites  traveling  on  the  highways 
and  trails,  or  engaged  in  mining,  so  that  a 
spirit  of  mutual  distrust,  not  to  say  hatred, 
grew  up  between  the  whites  and  the  Indians, 
and  much  violence  was  perpetrated  on  both 
sides,  culminating  at  last  in  an  Indian  war,  the 
story  of  which  is  told  elsewhere. 

Eighteen  hundred  and  (ifty-two  was  a  year  of 
much  disaster,  as  well  as  of  some  prosperity  in 
Oregon.  A  very  large  immigration  reached 
the  country,  but  it  came  mostly  impoverished 
and  forlorn.  Probably  not  less  than  10,000 
"crossed  the  plains,"  as  the  journey  was  then 
familiarly  called,  that  year.  The  season  was 
dry.  The  great  bands  of  cattle  and  horses  soon 
consumed  the  scant  pasturage  of  the  plains. 
Thousands  of  stock,  coming  late  in  the  season, 
died  in  consequence.  For  hundreds  of  miles 
the  atmosphere  was  heavy  with  the  fetid  and 
sickening  stench  of  decaying  animals.  The 
slow  progress,  the  poor  food,  the  tainted  atmos- 
phere combined  to  induce  disease,  and  a  great 
number  of  people  <lied  on  the  way,  and  prob- 
ably as  many  after  arrival  from  the  effects  of  the 
journey.  Notwithstanding,  after  their  arrival 
in  the  country  the  immigrants  soon  melted  into 


BTsroar  of  orkoon. 


180 


;" 


1 1  ways 

I    KJIICU 

II II  try. 

•     IMlt 

tlii'ii- 
vui'a- 

lliciii 
lliu 
tlie 


the  great  iiia««  of  the  population,  anil  tiie  sad- 
ness of  their  lot  difl  not  seem  to  he  bo  appalling. 
There  was  a  8nilneen  inexpretisilih'  that  liiig(«reil 
long  on  the  facer  of  liiinilredB  of  men  and 
women  and  children  who  roinemlierod  the 
lonely  griives  wliere  the  earth  pressed  the  uii- 
cottinod  hosoms  of  hnsband  or  wife,  children  or 
])areiit8,  on  the  I'latte,  among  the  mountiiin 
lu'ij^hts,  in  the  deserts  of  Snake  river,  or  jier- 
chance,  wliat  was  even  sadder,  the  iingraved 
rest  of  a  loved  one  under  the  waters  of  the  deep 
iiiid  glodiny  rivers  of  the  plains. 

While  this  sad  procession  of  sorrow  was 
winding  their  weary  and  halting  way  down  from 
the  mountains,  the  intellij^eiice  of  tiieir  wants 
had  sped  more  rapi<lly  than  they,  and  aronsed 
the  deepest  commiseration  in  Oregon,  where 
people  knew  so  well  the  terrors  and  trials  of  the 
way  they  were  pursuing.  Pnhlic  meetings  were 
held,  donations  of  money  and  fi)od  were  lavishly 
made,  men  offered  their  services  without  <'oni- 
pensation,  commissioners  were  appointed  to 
disburse  the  relief,  and  in  a  very  sliort  time 
caravans  of  supply  were  moving  eastward  to 
meet  and  relieve  the  famishing  multitudes. 
They  were  met  as  far  east  as  Grande  Itonde 
valley,  and  their  wants  were  supj)lie<l  as  far  as 
it  was  possible  for  this  unstinted  liberality  and 
unselfish  services  to  6up])ly  them.  At  length, 
late  in  the  autumn,  after  the  deep  snows  were 
on  the  mountains,  the  last  of  the  suffering  im- 
migration arrived  in  the  Willamette  valley,  and 
took  up  their  part  of  building  n  f'acific  empire. 

It  is  impossible  for  any  but  those  who  them- 
selves "crossed  the  plains"  in  these  early  days 
to  realize  the  indescribable  horror  of  such  a 
situation  as  we  have  endeavored  to  describe,  in 
the  midst  of  the  then  desolate  loneliness  of  that 
wild  and  weird  journey.  The  writer  speaks  of 
it  thus  because  he  knows  what  it  was.  He  saw 
it,  felt  it,  endured  it.  In  his  six  months'  jour- 
ney over  all  this  way,  many  nights  he  spent  a 
sleepless  bivouac  under  the  open  hea'-ens,  look- 
ing into  the  unroofed  heights  for  some  sight  of 
life,  listening  nnto  the  infinite  silences  for  some 
voice  that  might  bear  a  word  of  com|)aiiion8hip 


to  the  soul,  but  could  see  only  the  far  swing  of 
the  rolling  \v  ivens,  iiear  oidy  the  footsteps  uf 
God  in  the  inarch  of  the  stars.  He  can  realize, 
ther(<fore,  that  it  is  impossible  to  state  in  too 
pathetic  ;■  rms  the  sadness  of  the  eoiidition  of  a 
large  number  of  the  famishing  immigrant--  of 
1852,  for  at  least  half  of  the  2,000  miles  of 
their  journey. 

Two  subjects  of  a  political  character  largely 
engaged  pulilic.  attention  in  the  autumn  and 
winter  of  1852.  One  was  the  division  of  the 
Territory  by  the  line  of  the  Columbia  river  and 
the  organization  of  a  new  one  north  of  that 
stream,  and  the  other  the  formation  of  a  consti- 
tution for  a  St.i'i' government.  These  subjects 
liad  been  <juiti  |irominently  discussed  in  tlie 
public  prints  as  well  ;is  in  pri  jite  circles  before 
the  Legislature  met  for  its  session  in  December. 
Wiien  that  body  met  they  recel'  od  its  early  at- 
tention. During  the  session  a  bill  providing 
for  the  holding  of  a  convention  to  frame  a  State 
constitution  passed  the  House  of  Hepresenta- 
tives,  but  failed  to  pass  the  Council.  The  ele- 
ments against  the  jiroposed  action  consisted 
mainly  of  the  Whig  jiarty,  which  was  the  mi- 
nority jiarty  in  the  .'^tate,  and  the  representatives 
of  that  portion  of  the  Territory  lying  north  of 
the  Columbia,  where  already  a  sti  nig  movement 
hail  been  inBUffurated  for  the  oriranizatiou  of  a 
new  Territory.  With  the  failure  to  call  a  con- 
stitutional convention  the  movement  for  the 
organization  of  a  new  Territory  came  at  "uee 
prominently  to  the  front  and  secured  the  con- 
sideration of  the  Legislature. 

The  Territory  of  Oregon  at  that  time  con- 
tained an  area  of  341,000  square  miles.  It  was 
more  than  eight  times  as  large  as  the  State  of 
New  York,  evidently  by  far  too  large  for  ad- 
mission into  the  Union  as  a  single  State.  It 
was  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
Columbia  river  from  the  sea  eastward  to  old 
Fort  Walla  Walla,  where  the  river  made  a  great 
northward  sweep,  its  upper  waters  reaching 
even  north  of  the  forty-ninth  parallel.  The 
great  center  of  population  was  the  Willamette 
valley,  projecting  southward  from  the  CoUimbij^ 


t!  ! 


i  . 


\   ■    li 


I 


i 
i    ' 

i; 

niii 


tiisroRy   Oh'  oHKauN. 


iilxiiit  l"()  mill's  I'list  of  its  iiioiitli,  it  lining 
iiliuiii  litty  iiiilfrt  wiile  l)y  iiiii' IiiukIi'imI  uml  titty 
ill  li'ii^tli.  South  of  the  laiii^i!  of  iiioiintaiiirt  in 
wliicli  the  Williiiin'ttf  river  rlst's  i»  lJin|)(jim 
valley,  and  ^-till  .-oiith  of  that  K(.^'iii'  rivor  val 
ley.  tncli  holding;  a  ('oiiiiiclcralilc  popiiliitioii.  All 
ot  thesf  vhlleys  wcro  i.'a[ial)U'  of  biintaining 
tii(Misaii(ls  (pt  j)i'o|ili'  where  tiicy  tlieii  had  linn 
(Irt'do.  'I'hc  ief;ion  north  of  tin;  C'olilinhiii  and 
west  cif  the  Caseado  mountains  was  also  beconi- 
in:r  i|iiite  iPO|iiil()iis.  Til  is  was  the  j^reat  Imsiii 
of  I'licet  souihI,  extending  fi'oni  the  straits  of 
iliian  de  Fiiea  |iiactieally  dear  to  the  ('ohiiiil)ia, 
a  distRiice  id'  over  llOO  miles,  and  from  the 
Olympia  to  the  ('aseade  raiifje,  and  on  its  south- 
ern side,  where  the  Olymjiia  range  lireaks  down 
and  disaiiiieiirs,  from  the  I'acitic  ueean  to  the 
Cascade  range.  Around  and  along  I'liget  soiind 
i'oin]ianie8  of  pioneers  had  chosen  tiie  most  fa- 
voraUle  points  for  shipping  and  were  already 
he;;iiining  to  prophesy  tlie  future  coinniereial 
greatness  of  the  eoiintry.  Olyiiijiia,  Tumwatur, 
Steilacooiii,  I'ort  Townshelid,  Wliidliy  iHlaiu), 
Seattle  and  other  points  had  their  settlers. 
Aloiii;  the  north  shore  of  the  C'olumliia  were 
Vancouver,  ('uwlitz  valley  and  scattered  eettlers 
wen;  all  along  its  borders.  The  country  was 
separated  from  the  Soutiicrn  hy  a  natural 
geogruiihical  hoiindai'v.  and  the  interests  of  tlie 
two  sections  were  often  diverse  and  cutiHicting. 
The  region  south  of  the  Coliiiiihia  was  an  agri- 
cultiival  country,  that  north,  a  lumhering  and 
coal-ininiiig  territory.  Politically,  the  north 
was  ill  a  hopeless  minority  and  could  secure  no 
legislation  for  itself.  For  these  reasons  the. 
iiardy  pioneers  of  I'uget  sound  greatly  desired 
a  separate  territorial  organization  and  the  peo- 
ple south  of  the  Columbia  river  were  ready  to 
concede  the  propriety  and  justness  of  their 
wish. 

Tlie  first  |)nl)lic  movement  in  this  direction 
had  been  made  on  the  4th  day  of  July,  1851, 
when  a  piildio  meeting  was  iield  in  Olympia  to 
consider  the  subject.  Others  were  held  at  Cow- 
litz and  Steilacooiii  soon  after.  In  Sejitember, 
1855i,  tlie  Columi)ian    newspaper  was   founded 


at  Olympia,  lor  tiie  advocacy  of  this  plan,  by 
T.  K.  McKlroy  and  .1.  N.  Wilev.  In  Novem- 
ber a  convention  of  delegates  assembled  at 
Monticello  on  tlio  Cowlitz  river  and  prepared 
u  memorial,  which  was  forwarded  to  Delegate 
Lain',  and  by  biin  presented  to  Congress.  Ho 
had  previously  procured  the  introdueiion  of  a 
bill  from  the  committee  on  Territories  to  cre- 
ate the  Territory  of  Columbia.  On  its  |iaBsage 
through  the  House  of  iiepresentatives  this  was 
amended  by  changing  the  name  to  "  Washing- 
ton,"  and  in  this  form  it  |iiissed  both  Houses  of 
('oiigress  and  secured  tlie  president's  signature 
on  tiie  3d  day  of  March,  1853.  The  Legisla- 
ture of  Oregon  approved  this  action  and  passe<l 
a  memorial  recommending  it,  but  it  did  not 
reach  \Vasiiington  before  the  liill  bad  become 
a  law. 

The  wti'K  Territory  embraced  all  of  Oregon 
north  of  the  Columbia  river  and  the  forty-si.xth 
parallel  of  latitude,  anil  Olympia  was  made  its 
capital.  President  I'ierce  immediately  appoint- 
ed the  Territorial  otKcers,  consisting  of  Major 
Isaac  I.  Stevens,  of  the  United  States  engineers, 
as  governor;  Charles  H,  Mason,  secretary;  J. 
S.  Chadwick,  attorney;  J.  Pattoii  Anderson, 
marshal;  Edward  Lauder,  Victor  Monroe  and 
O.  U.  McFaddeii.  jii'dijes.  Governor  Stevens' 
proclamation  assuming  the  duties  of  his  office 
was  issued  while  he  was  crossing  the  liocky 
inoniitains,  in  what  is  now  tlie  State  of  Mon- 
tana, on  Sc|)teiri!ier  29,  1853  The  boundaries 
of  the  Territor"  of  Washington  included  those 
portions  of  the  States  of  Montana  and  Idaho 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains  and  north  of  the 
forty-si.xth  parallel,  and  all  of  the  present  State 
of  Washington.  Its  population  at  this  time 
was  3,y05. 

Up  to  this  time  our  history  has  covered  all 
that  became  Washington  Territory  by  this  Con- 
gressional action.  Still,  it  had  been  settled  so 
recently,  and  was  still  so  sparsely  po^iiilated, 
that  but  little  of  historic  interest  Imi'  occurred 
ill  it  except  what  related  to  the  voyages  of  dis- 
covery, the  transactions  of  the  Hudson's  i'ay 
Company,  and  the  settlement  of  the  bound  ry 


I 


ItlhTOHY    Ofi'    OUKOON- 


161 


vuin- 

Ht 

>Mreil 

I'lrille 

JIo 

•r  a 

ITl'- 

wart 

K   of 

turn 
[isla- 

lSSf<l 
Hot 

oino 


line  Iwtween  the  Uiiitcil  Httitos  »w\  KiiglHiid, 
itiiil  tin'  liiiliaii  wai'rt  iti  which  Ori'jfim  niul 
\VH«iiingt<)ii  weri!  iilii<f  hiuI  fogetliur  itivolveil. 
These  niilvjecls  are  trented  of  under  their  appro- 
priiite  hi'«(ln.  With  this  nxjihinatioii  we  pni- 
ceed  witii  tiio  history  ot' <  )i'i'jroii  unilor  tiie  Ter- 
ritorial regime. 

Oref^oti,  lilto  all  other  Territories  under  the 
vicious  system  of  Territorial  (ioverninent 
adopted  by  our  National  Legislature,  for  all  the 
time  of  her  exifiteiiee  as  a  Territory  was  made 
the  prey  of  party  s|)oii8ineii.  I'olitically,  noth- 
ing could  settle  (low:,  into  a  nominal  and  healthy 
state.  With  every  change  of  national  adminis- 
tration the  exeeutive  and  judicial  officers  were 
changed.  The  people  of  the  Territory  had  no 
voice  in  the  s«'leetion  of  these  officers.  This  often 
tlirew  tlie  executive  into  conflict  with  tlic  legis- 
lative hranch,  and  was  a  fruitful  source  of  dis- 
gatisfnction  and  unrest. 

On  the  4th  of  March,  1863,  Franklin  Pierce 
was  inaugurated  president  of  the  United  States. 
On  the  15th  day  of  the  same  month  he  changed 
the  entire  personnel  of  the  Territorial  (xovern- 
nient,  removing  the  former  Whig  incumhents 
and  ap])ointing  Demociats  in  their  stead,  as 
follows:  Governor,  (ieneral  Jo8ej)ii  Lane;  secre- 
tary, George  L.  Curry;  chief-justice,  George 
II.  Williams;  associate  justices  Matthew  P. 
Deady  and  Cyrus  Olney;  marshal,  James  AV. 
Nesmith;  collector  of  customs,  John  Adair; 
superintendent  of  Indian  aflairs,  Joel  L.  Palmer; 
attorney,  Benjamin  V.  Harding. 

It  must  be  conceded  that  thes>e  selections  of 
President  Pierce  were  not  only  pei.ionally  unob- 
jectionable, but  the  list  j)resente  an  array  of  gen- 
eral talent,  executive  ability,  legal  acumen,  and 
personal  character  altogether  w  orthy  of  notice. 
Four  of  the  men  named  abov.:  reached  the  posi- 
tion of  United  States  senator  from  Oregon, 
namely:  Joseph  Lane,  George  Tl.  Williams, 
James  W.  Nesmith  and  Henjamin  F.  Harding. 
One,  Jo8e|)h  Lane,  was  a  candidate  for  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States.  One,  George 
H.  Williams,  was  attorney-general  of  the  United 
States,  and  was  norainated  by  President  Grant 


for  rhi(!f  justice  of  the  (Inited  States.  One, 
Matthew  P.  Deady,  reached  the  high  position 
of  justice  of  the  United  Stat<'s  district  court, 
anil  is  concededly  one  of  tlw  alilest  jurists  in 
the  United  States.  It  is  iloulited  if  any  Terri- 
torial adniinistnition  in  the  history  of  the 
country  ever  lichl  at  one  time  hu<'h  a  num- 
ber of  men  at  one  t  ne,  who  liecitnu'  so  greatly 
and  so  justly  celebrated  in  the  history  of 
their  State  and  of  the  mition  at  large,  as  this 
ruie.  Another  fact  must  be  noticed  altogetlier 
to  their  credit,  namely,  ail  tho^io  wiio  were  aji- 
pointed  to  ottlce  from  the  Eastern  States  bocaino 
permanent  citizens  of  Oregon,  and  thoroughly 
and  most  usefully  identilied  thenit-eives  with 
every  phase  of  its  progress  tiirough  all  itsTer 
ritorial  history,  and  afterwanl  becntne  the  chit;' 
promoters   of  its  welfare  as  a  State. 

General  Lane  reached  Oregon  in  May.  He 
was  almost  immediately  nominated  to  sneceeil 
himself  as  delefjjate  in  ('ongress,  and  at  tlie 
election  which  soon  followed,  was  chosen  over 
A.  A.  Skinner,  called  "the  people's  candi<late" 
by  a  vote  of  4,5 1()  against '-',951  for  Mr.  Skinner. 
He  soon  departed  for  Washington,  leaving  the 
governorship  in  the  hands  of  the  Territorial 
secretary,  Mr.  George  L.  ('urry.  In  November 
following  John  W.  Davis,  of  Indiana,  was  ap- 
pointed governor.  Mr.  Davis  had  served  with 
distinction  in  (!ongress,  and  for  one  term  had 
been  speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

At  the  session  of  the  Legislature  which  met 
in  Deceml)er,  1853,  the  question  of  the  State 
government  was  again  brought  forward,  and 
under  mncli  more  favorable  aus|)ices  than  be- 
fore. The  Government  was  strongly  Demo- 
cratic in  all  its  branches.  A  bill  was  framed  to 
submit  the  question  to  a  vote  of  the  j)eople; 
and,  as  it  was  a  favorite  measure  with  the  lead- 
ers of  the  dominant  party,  it  was  at  first  sup- 
posed it  would  be  sure  to  prevail.  The  Whig 
party,  the  party  of  the  minority,  opposed 
it,  and  a  local  intrigue  between  soutliern  Oregon 
and  northern  California  for  the  formation  of  a 
new  Territory  and  ultimate  State  out  of  these 
two  sections,  united  the  vote  of  Jackson  county, 


1«2 


nisrouY  OF  mtKaoN. 


one  ut'  tlio  wtrun^^ur-t  Dcmoui'iitic  coiiiitios  of  the 
Territory,  with  tiie  Whiffs  against  it,  and  it  was 
ilefeated;  iJ,21()  voting  tor  and  4,079  aj^iiinst  it. 

In  the  sntnnier  of  1854,  (Jovernor  Davis  re- 
signed, and  the  duties  of  governor  devolved 
again  when  Secretary  Curry,  who  was  afterward 
appointed  f>overiior  hy  President  I'ierce. 
Wlien  tlie  Tx'gishiture  mot  again  in  Deceniher, 
1S.j4,  the  oil!  subject  of  the  constitutional  con- 
vention was  the  most  prominent  one  before  it 
for  consideration.  After  much  discussion  the 
question  was  again  sent  down  to  the  people  for 
decision  at  the  .loxt  general  election,  (ieneral 
[jane  in  Congress  eiuleavored  to  procure  the 
passage  of  a  bill  authorizing  the  people  south 
of  the  Columbia  and  west  of  the  C!a8cade  mount- 
ains to  friuno  a  State  constitution,  but  witiiout 
success.  When  the  question,  as  submitted  by 
the  Leifislature,  was  voted  on  it  was  again  de- 
feated;  slunving  that  the  proposition  was  one 
of  the  politicians  and  not  of  the  people,  .lack- 
son  county  again  gave  the  deciding  vote  against 
it,  and  for  the  same  reason  as  before,  (rcneral 
Lane  was  again  elected  delegate  to  Conferees 
over  John  I*,  (-raines,  the  candidate  of  the  Amer- 
ican or  Know  >fothing  party,  by  a  large  major- 
ity. 

A  very  bitter  contontion  arose  between  tiie 
different  as])iriiig  cities  of  the  Territory  in  re- 
gard til  the  location  of  the  capital.  It  had  been 
removed  from  Oregon  City  to  Salem,  then  to 
Corvallis.  and  tinally  under  instructions  of  the 
secretary  of  tlie  treasury,  wdio  authorized  the 
expenditure  of  money  for  capitol  buildings  ex- 
cept at  Salc'i  until  the  validity  of  the  legis- 
lative act  removing  it  had  been  passed  upon  by 
Congress,  (toveriior  Carry  removed  the  execu- 
tive offices  again  to  Salem.  The  contest  pa.- sod 
through  two  legislative  sessions,  and  two  or 
three  general  and  special  elections,  ami  fin  illy 
ended  in  the  capital  remaining  where  Congress 
had  located  il.  at  Salem. 

AgaiTi  the  question  of  forming  a  State  con- 
stitution wont  to  the  per  pie  at  the  . I  une  elec- 
tion ill  18o7.  A  great  change  had  coiue  over  the 
feelings  of  the  jicople.    The  (Tovernment  as  ad- 


ministttred  by  the  territorial  Leirislature  and 
otHces  was  far  from  satisfactory.  Hesides  the 
people  of  the  Territory  had  claims  against  the 
(irovornir,-  ut  to  the  amount  of  several  mil- 
lions of  dollars  for  cxpensis  incurred  in  the  In- 
ilian  wars,  an  account  of  which  is  given  else- 
where, and  it  was  evident  that  two  senators  and 
a  representative  in  ('ongress,  entitled  to  vote, 
as  well  as  talk,  would  be  much  more  likely  to 
secure  th(ur  payment  than  a  delegate  who  could 
only  talk  without  a  vote.  The  result  of  this 
revolution  was  a  very  large  majority  for  a  con- 
vention, the  vote  standing  7,209  lor,  to  1,616 
against  it.  At  the  same  election  delegates  to 
the  cinstitntional  eleetion  were  chosen;  and  on 
the  17th  day  of  August,  1857,  they  met  at  the 
capital  city  for  the  formation  of  a  constitution 
for  the  State  of  Oregon. 

The  convention  to  form  a  constitution  for  the 
intended  State  was  composed  of  the  following 
gentlemen: 

Benton:  John  Keksay,  II.  C.  Lewis,  II.  U. 
Nichols,  II.  H>.  Matzger.  Clatrop;  (Jyrus  Olney. 
Columbia:  John  W.  Watts.  Clackamas:  J.  K. 
Kelley,  A.  L.  Lovejoy,  W.  A.  Starkweather,  II. 
Campbell,  Nathaniel  Robins.  Coos:  V.  13. 
Marple.  Curry:  William  II.  Packwood.  Dong- 
las:  M.  P.  Deady,  Solomon  Fitzhugh,  Stephen 
S.  Cliadwick,  Thomas  Witted.  Josephine:  S. 
H.  Ilendershott.  W.  U.  Watkins.  Jackson:  L. 
J.  C.  Duncan,  J.  II.  Reed,  Daniel  Newcoinl),  P. 
P.  Prim.  Linn:  Delazon  Smith,  Luther  KI- 
kins,  John  T.  Crooks,  J.  II.  Jirattaim,  James 
Shields,  R  S.  Coyle.  Lane:  Enoch  Hoult,  AV. 
W.  Uristow,  Jesse  Cox,  Paul  Hrattaim,  A.  J, 
Campbell.  Isaac  R.  Moores.  Marion;  (teorge 
II.  Williams,  L.  F.  (irover.  J.  C.  Peebles,  Jo- 
seph  Cox,  Nicholas  Shrmn,  Davis  Shannon, 
Richard  Miller.  Multiiomali:  S.  J.  McCor- 
mick,  William  II.  Farrar,  David  Logan.  Mult- 
nomah a;id  Washington:  Thomas  J.  Dyer. 
Washington:  K.  D.  Sliattuck,  Jolui  S.  White, 
Levi  Anderson.  Polk:  Reuben  P.  Boise, 
1''.  Waymire,  Benjamin  F.  Burch.  Polk  and 
I  Tillamook:  A.  D.  Babcock.  trm]V|ua;  Levi 
I   .Scott.  Jesse  Ap[ili\gafc.      Wasco:  C.  ',.  Me'gs. 


>Vlj.kWSM^.'.3.d. 


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ni STORY    Oh'    URKaoN. 


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Vain  Hill;  M.  ( )M>.  li.  \'.  Sliuil.  K.  C.  Kiiiiu'y. 
Join,  K.  MdlriJe. 

'I'lie  iiortiomiol  of  this  coiiveiitidH  wiis  '•<!- 
spectalili',  if  imt,  on  the  wliole.ciiiiiii'iit.  \\  \t\'c 
the  coil  veil  tion  coiitiiinuil  several  of  tiie  alilc^t 
anil  most  intliiential  iiieii  of  the  State,  it  (.-oii- 
tained  a  large  nninber  of  men,  rt'ho,  (hough  of 
good  personal  character  and  intellioence,  were 
not  specially  fitted  iiy  education  or  wide  contact 
with  affairs  for  duties  of  such  grave  character 
as  laying  the  constitutional  foundations  of  a 
great  cominoiuvealth.  Still,  on  the  whole,  with 
exc.e])tioii8  that  were  taken  at  the  time  to  some 
of  the  limitations  of  the  constitution  formu- 
lated, that  seemed  to  contemplate  nt  no  future 
time  a  state  of  greater  demands  and  wider  in- 
llnence  than  characterized  this  pioneer  State, 
the  ilociunent  formulated  by  the  body  was  a  fair 
form  of  fundamental  law. 

One  question  before  the  convention,  and  be- 
fore the  people,  subsequently  pending  the  vote 
upon  it,  excited  a  great  deal  of  interest.  That  was 
the  then  ever-present  and  ever-vexing  ijueation 
of  slavery.  The  co:ivention  avoided  a  decision 
upon  it  by  engrafting  it  upon  the  schedule  as  a 
special  article  to  be  voted  upon  separately  by 
the  |)eopio.  This  brought  the  discussion  of 
the  (luestion  before  the  people.  The  poli- 
ticians, as  a  whole,  ignored  it  in  discussion.  Ex- 
tremists on  both  sides  opposed  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution,  one  side  because  i',  clid  not 
establish  slavery  directly,  and  on  the  other  be- 
cause it  did  not  ])rohibit  it.  Connected  with 
this  general  subject  was  also  a  separate  arti.jle 
prohibiting  free  negroes  coming  into  the  State. 

A  special  election  to  vote  upon  the  (juestion 
of  adoption  was  held  on  the  second  of  the  fol- 
lowing November,  and  resulted  as  follows:  For 
the  eoii^titiilion,  T.l'Jo;  against  the  constitu- 
tion, 3,215.  For  slavery,  2,645 ;  against  slav 
ery,  7,727.  For  free  negroes,  1,081;  against 
free  negroes,  8,040.  Thus  Oregon  declared 
herself  in  favor  of  assuming  all  the  responsi- 
bilities as  Well  as  jirivileges  of  a  State  of  the 
Federal  Union;  and  also  declared  in  favor  of 
taking  her  place   with    the    column  of   Freedom 


iiisUad  of  (111  the  tide  ol  t-hiveiy.  The  great 
majority  by  which  the  separate  article  forbid- 
ding slavery  was  adoptecl  was  rather  a  surprise 
to  many,  liotli  in  Oregon  and  in  the  Eastern 
States.  The  (|uestion  came  before  the  |)eopl(^  at 
a  time  when  all  over  the  I  nited  States  the  slav- 
ery question  was  lu:  all  absorbing  topic.  The 
struggle  of  atgiimenf,  both  in  (,'ongress  and 
among  all  the  people  of  the  c(uiiitry,  that  pre- 
ceded and  prtpared  for  the  war  of  armies  that 
so  soon  followed,  was  at  its  highest  ami  hottest. 
A  very  large  proportion  of  the  iio|iulation  of 
Oregon  was  from  the  slave  States;  ami  conse- 
quently many  conlidently  believed  that  slavery 
Would  bo  adojiti'd  by  the  peojile  of  the  State. 
The  dominant  party  in  Oregon  was  the  Demo- 
cratic. This  [larty  was  divided  in  sentiment  on 
the  slavery  questioii  as  it  was  everywhere  in  the 
.Xortli.  Some  of  it;,  leaders  were  on  one  side 
and  some  on  the  other.  It  was  this  division 
that  caused  the  submission  of  the  oejiarate 
schedule  on  that  subject  to  the  people  by  the 
Constitutional  Convention.  The  free-soil  (de- 
ment of  the  Democratic  party  quietly  voted  with 
the  great  body  of  the  old  Whig  jiarty  against 
slavery,  and  thus  gave  freedom  its  large  majority. 
It  should  properly  be  said  that  probably  the 
majority  of  tlij  people  then  in  Oregon  from  the 
Southern  States  voted  against  slavery.  TlufV 
had  seen  and  felt  its  witl'ering  jiower  in  the 
States  whence  they  came,  and  felt  no  dispo- 
sition to  engraft  the  same  blight  on  the  new 
State  they  '"^le  so  bravely  aiding  to  build. 

The  Territarin.  Legislature  met  at  its  usual 
time  in  Decpmb;r,  1857,  but  attempted  but 
little  legislation. 

For  the  next  general  election,  in  .June,  1848, 
a  full  State  ticket  was  nominated  by  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  The  Whig  party  was  <iead.  and 
the  Republican  party  was  not  yet  organised  in 
Oregon,  but  a  fusion  opiiosition  ticket  was  nom- 
inated, with  candidates  taken  out  of  the  old 
Whig  party  and  one  wing  of  the  Democratic 
party,  and  a  very  spirited  canvas  of  the  State 
was  made  by  the  respective  candidates.  For 
representatives  in  (jongress    L.   V.  drover  and 


I',  / 


!  W 


184 


UISrOHV    Oh'    OHKQON. 


Jiiiiius  K.  Ki'lley,  liotli  Ut'iiKiciati^,  were  tlie 
(•niicli<iati's.  For  governor,  Jitlin  Wliiteaker  and 
Iv  M.  I'.arimiii,  also  DeiuocratB.  For  sec- 
retaiy  of  State.  I<iiciei>  lleatli  and  K.  A.  Uice. 
For  treapiirer.  .lolui  I).  l>ooii,  .1.  S  liroinley, 
and  K.  I..  A|i|ile;i;ate.  For  State  printer,  A. 
Hu«li  and  J.  O'Meary,  who  were  also  members 
of  tlie  Deniociatie  party.  M.  P.  Deady,  li.  P. 
Hoise,  11.  E.  Stratton,  and  A.  li.  Wait  wore  elect- 
ed judges  of  tlie  Supreme  Court.  Tiie  regular 
DciMoeratic  nouiineert,  namely,  L.  F.  Grover, 
.iolm  Wliiteaker.  Liicien  lleatli  and  John  D. 
lioon  wert<  eleeted  hy  considcralik'  majorities. 
.V  State  lefjislature  was  also  eleeted  at  this  lime, 
(•oMsisting  of  tliirty-cight  Democrats  ami  eleven 
opposition.  The  "opposition"  was  now  begin- 
ning  to  be  ealled  liepublieans,  altlionifli  it  was 
ill  reality  a  fusion  of  several  eleinetits  not  yet 
coftlem-od  into  a  distinctive  party  organization. 
The  newly  elected  J.egislatnre  met  at  Salem  on 
the  (late  ti.\ed  by  the  eon.stitiition,  the  5tli  of 
July,  for  the  purpose  of  electing  two  United 
States  senators.  On  the  8th  the  governor-elect 
look  the  oath  of  otHce.  The  Legislature  eleeted 
.losepli  Lane  liiid  Delazoii  Smith  to  represent 
the  new  State  in  the  United  Sta  es  Senate,  and 
adjourned  after  a  session  of  four  days. 

Although  the  State  constitution  had  been 
adoj^ted,  and  senators  and  a  representative  in 
Oongress  chosen  under  it,  and  the  general  State 
ottieers  had  taken  the  oath  of  office,  with  the  ex- 
pectation that  a  State  government  was  in  full 
operation,  the  wheels  of  the  (Government  sud- 
denly stopped.  IntclliL'ence  was  received  that 
C  ingress  had  adjourned  without  the  House  ])as8- 
ing  the  enabling  net,  which  hail  ])asKe(l  the  Sen- 
ate in  May,  and  therefore  Oregon  could  not  be 
admitted  into  tiie  Union  as  a  State  until  the 
next  session  of  that  bmly.  Here  was  a  dilemma. 
There  were  two  forms  of  government  and  two 
full  sets  of  officers.  Nothing  was  to  be  done, 
however,  but  for  things  to  remain  in  stntu  quo 
until  (Joiiifress  should  put  the  oil  of  leiiislation 
on  the  axles  of  the  State  government.  So  the 
constitutional  time  for  the  nueting  of  the  State 
lA^gislutun!  was  allowed    to    pass    without  the 


meeting  of  that  body;  but  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature met  at  the  time  of  its  annual  session  in 
December,  and  held  its  regular  session.  Very 
little  business  of  importance  was  transacte<l. 
i^oon  after  its  adjournment  news  was  received 
that  Oreifon  had  been  admitted  into  the  Union 
as  a  State.  Senators- elect  Lane  and  Smith,  and 
Representative  Grover  were  all  in  Washington 
during  the  winter,  urging  the  passage  of  the  bill 
admitting  it,  but  though  it  early  passed  the  Senate 
it  met  a  bitter  and  protracted  opposition  in  the 
House,  and  did  not  pass  that  iiody  until  the  12th 
day  of  February,  1859.  The  opp>o.sition  to  the 
admission  of  the  State  was  mainly  on  grounds 
of  party  politics,  the  Democrats  -favoring  and 
the  Republicans  opposing  it  because  Oregon 
was  a  strongly  Democratic  State.  Its  tinal  pass- 
age was  on  a  strict  party  decision. 

Thus  Oregon  closed  her  long  period  of  Terri- 
torial vai-salago.  Reckoning  from  its  first  settle- 
ment by  Americans,  when  the  missionary  com- 
pany of  Jason  Lee  arrived  in  the  valley  of  the 
Willamette,  in  the  autinun  of  1834,  it  was  a 
period  of  fifteen  years;  or,  what  is  more  histori- 
cally accurate,  counting  from  the  emigration  of 
1842,  the  first  real  innnigration  of  any  consid- 
erable number  id'  Americans  for  the  purpose  of 
establishing  an  American  settlement,  a  |)eri()d  of 
seven  years.  Considering  the  distance  of  Ore- 
gon from  the  centers  of  population  east  of  the 
Rocky  mountains,  and  the  great  difficulty  of 
reaching  it  eitlier  by  land  or  water,  the  change 
of  the  Oregon  wilderness  into  a  State  of  this  Re- 
public by  the  means  of  emigration  in  that  length 
of  time  is  one  of  the  most  marvelous  movements 
of  history,  and  demonstrates  the  unparalleled 
capability  and  power  of  the  Saxon  race,  of  which 
the  Americo-Saxon  is  the  I)right,  consummate 
flower.  The  star  of  empire  had  swept  its  shining 
way  to  where  the  West  and  the  Fjast  met  together, 
and  stayed  its  way  on  the  shores  of  the  I'aciiic 
sea. 

It  is  fitting  that  we  close  the  record  of  the 
Territorial  history  of  Oregon  by  subjoining  the 
signatures  of  the  delegates  to  the  convention  that 
framed   tlie  constitution   tinder   which    Oregon 


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'*Hf>-9'-.  nV'i.'JJi  Z^'*,-^"*"  ■■■■e--'-i 


HlSroHY     (IF    OHKGON. 


inri 


was   iidmittLMl    iiifd  the   Union,  held   in  SHlein, 
Oregon,  ScptcMuiier  IH,  1857: 

M.  1'.  Dcady,  president;  Chef  or  N.  Terry, 
secretary;  M.  C.  Backwell,  assistant  secretary; 
Solomon  Fitzlingh.  Nathaniel  liolihins,  S.  .1. 
McCorniick,  Paul  Hrattaiti,  Isaac  U.  Moores. 
Keiiben  S.  Coyle,  Enoch  Iloult,  William  Matz- 
ger,  William  A.  Starkweather,  Jesse  Cox,  ,1.  II. 
Hrattuin,  L.  J.  C.  Duncan,  I.  II.  lieed,  1'.  I'. 
Prim,  A.  L.  Lovejoy,  James  K.  Kelley,  David 
Logan,  Heiijamiii  F.  Burch,  Thomas  Whitted, 
&.  V.  Short,  Daniel  Newcomb,  (-Jiltin  Elkins,  La 
Fayetttj  Grove,  Davis  Shannon,  Sitlney  n.,IIen- 


dershott,  John  W.  Watts,  P.  H.  Mayii.'C,  A.  D. 
I'abcoek,  Uielmrd  Miller,  V.  Wayiiire,  Josepli 
Cox,  Delazon  Smith,  Thomas  I.  Dryer,  John  T. 
Crooks,  William  II.  Packwood,  Levi  Anderson, 
John  Ivelsav,  liohert  C.  Kinney.  Jame.s  Shields^ 
John  S.  White,  (ieorge  II.  Williams,  William 
11.  Farrar,  Stephen  F.  Chadwick,  John  li.  Mc- 
Bride,  W.  W.  Hri.^^tow,  N.  Shrnm,  II.  B. 
><i('h(>ls.  J.  C.  Peebles,  A,  .1.  Claniijbell,  Itenlien 
P.  Boise,  Cyrus  Olney,  W.  II.  Watkins,  Ilaman 
(J.  Lewis,  Jesse  AppU>j;ate,  Levi  Seott,  F.  D. 
Shattnck,  (3.  II.  Meigs,  W.  Olds. 


^if (pi:!i)^^.^-  - 


ciiAPTKii  xvin. 

OUEGON  A8  A  STATE. 

SKNATotjs  AND  Reprksentat:vi;r  Ai)Mittei> — PoMTicAi,  Statis  oftiikCountuv — Or.i)  Inpi.uknoes 
Kkmain — Rbview  ok  the  Conditions  Prkoedent — Qukstionb  Involvkd  in  Okeoon's  Admission 

A8     a      SrATE--JrDIOIAI,      SvSTEM — Ji:DllK8     Al'POINTKl)       LKOrsl.ATUliK     CONVENED  — PoMTICAL 

Changes — Dei.azon  Smith — June  Election — Politicai,  Conflict  ok  18()0--Oki;oon  I'oit  Lin. 
roLN — Leoislatubk  Meets  in  SErrEMiiEB-— Baker  and  Nesmith  Elected  Senators- -Political 
State — Intelligence  of  the  Beginning  of  the  Wak — Bheaking  Down  ok  Pakty  Lines — ■ 
Lewis  Ketukns  to  Oregon — Army  Okfioeus  -Death  of  Se.naior  Bakkk — Oregon  Tkob- 
ouohlv  Loyal — Stark  Appointed  Senator — Congressional  Election — Union  Party  Vio- 
T0IU01T8 — Legislature  Meets  and  Elects  Ben  Harding  Senator — Goveknor  (iini;>i'  Mes- 
sage—  Passage  of  Constitutional  Amendment — Attitude  ok  the  State  To waiui  hie  Gen- 
eral Government — Legal  Tender  Question— Governor  Gihds'  Administration. 


^ONGIiESS,  as  we  have  seen,  passed  the 
bill  admitting  Oregon  as  a  State  of  the 
Federal  Union,  on  the  12tli  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1859,  and  the  president  approved  the  act 
oil  the  1-tth.  on  which  day  Senators  Delazon 
Smith  and  .roseph  Lai'.e  and  Kepresentative  La 
Fayette  (irover  presented  their  certitieates  ot 
election  and  took  the  oath  of  otiice  in  tlieir  re- 
spective houses.  In  drawing  lots  for  senatorial 
terms  Senator  Smith  drew  the  term  ending  the 
4th  of  March,  following  the  adniiseion,  and  Sen- 


ator Lane  that  ending  Alarcli  4,  1801.  Repre- 
sentative Grover's  term  wonld  al8oexi)ire  March 
4,  1859.  Although  this  is  not  a  political  his- 
tory, and  does  not  design  to  deal  circumstantial- 
ly with  the  political  questions,  yet  it  seems 
proper  to  jiause  at  tliis  point  long  enough  to 
give  our  readers  some  knowledge  of  the  politi- 
cal status  of  the  country  up  to  the  present  time. 
This  is  the  more  necessary  because  political  af- 
filiations determined  more  of  the  relative  promi- 
nence of  individual  characters  in  the  historv  of 


m 


IHO 


Jll.ilOUy    I  IF    DitKGON. 


It  B 


Uii 


':•   ll 


i.     i< 


tliii  'IVri'itoi'v  I'liil  nf  the  State  tlmn  any  etibuiitiHl 
and  iiitriii.sic  Mipi-riiii'ity  of  tlie  men  tliciiiselvos 
(ivcr  other  men.  Tliis  often  j^ave  men  an  ajipar- 
ent  elevation  to  wliicli  notliinj^f  that  they  liml 
really  liiiii'  for  the  coiintiy  entitled  them,  and 
relejrated  otliers  whose  real  service  to  ( )refi;on 
fully  entilied  tiieni  to  t'eeocrnition  to  historical 
olis<Mirity.  'I'he  gilded  tiiiselry  of  ofliee  j^littcrs 
niiich  more  brightly  and  ean  he  seen  nnicii 
fiirthei-,  than  the  solid  old  o.dd  cd'  character  and 
woith.  If  one  were  to  jndge  from  place  and  of- 
fice ho  migiit  suppose  that  all  the  i-eally  ahle 
me  I  and  jiatrinric  and  usefnl  men  of  Oregon  be- 
lon,'(Ml  to  oni^  ]ioliticul  party  from  the  time  its 
Territorial  ii;overnnient  was  constituted  up  to  the 
time  it  became  a  State  in   1859. 

I'olitically,  so  far  as  politics  entered  into  the 
elections,  from  the  time  tile  provisional  govcrn- 
ine!>. I  ceased  to  e\ist,  Orej^on  wa.  strongly  Dem- 
ocratic. The  first  election  of  dekv'tes  to  (Jon- 
gress  was  not  made  on  a  strictly  party  basis, 
although  the  gentleman  elected,  Honorable 
Samuel  !!.  Thurston,  was  a  Democrat.  The  is- 
bues  at  that  time  were  more  personal  and  lucal 
than  political.  The  country  had  not  yet  gotten  far 
i-nongh  away  from  the  intliicnco  of  the  (dd  con- 
troversy between  the  Hudson's  l!ay  Company 
and  the  American  citizens,  to  cease  to  feel  that 
injioiitics.  in  social  life  everywhere,  indeed,  op- 
position to  that  company,  extending  even  to  the 
j;entlemen  who  had  separateil  themselves  from 
it,  was  the  touchstone  of  political  and  personal 
merit.  Hudson's  Iky  and  anti-Hudson's  Bay 
were  the  vital  distinctions.  Heyond  this,  per- 
sona] friendships,  church  atiinities,  intellectual 
abiliti.«»8,  entered  into  and  went  far  toward  de- 
cidinir  the  canvass  for  the  homn-able  ])ost  of  first 
dclej^ate  to  Congress  from  Oregon. 

Another  (dement  entered  into  it;  namely, 
what  was  then  known  as  the  "missionarv  influ- 
ence." No  writer  of  Oregon  history  can  iixnore 
the  fact  tlmt.  as  Oregon  tilled  up  with  immi- 
grants, theri'  grew  up  a  jealousy  agains,  the 
missionary  establishments  and  the  missionaries 
tlwmselve.s,  Iiecause  of  the  almost  controlling 
inlluence  they    had   so  long    exertt^d    over   the 


counti'v.  I'ndiably,  too,  the  inisBionuricii  them- 
S(dve8  felt  a  like  jealousy  of  the  growing  power 
of  the  immigrants,  smd  were  not  a  little  re- 
luctant to  have  the  power  they  had  hehl  so  long 
slij)  out  of  their  grasp.  These  were  natural  and 
inevitable  results,  and  it  is  not  necessary,  as 
some  writers  have  done,  to  charge,  on  the  one 
han<l,  overweening  religious  and  clerical  ambi- 
tion, and  criminal  desires  for  church  aggran- 
dizement; nor  on  the  other  a  total  indifference 
to,  or  disregard  of,  the  claims  of  religion  and 
morality  on  the  part  of  those  who  were  opposed 
to  tho  longer  dominance  of  tlie  "missionary  in- 
fluence'' in  the  affairs  of  the  Territority.  Such 
charges,  on  either  side,  lack  judicial  discrimi- 
nation, and  show  tlnit  those  who  make  them 
are  neophytes  in  moral  casuistry,  and  totally 
inconipetent  to  analyze  the  motives  or  weigh 
the  philosophy  of  history. 

In  the  canvass  that  resulted  in  the  election 
of  Mr.  Thurston  as  delegate  to  Congress,  these 
mutual  jealousies  and  })rejudices  played  a  not 
entirely  insignificant  part,  especially  in  the  aj)- 
peals  of  candidates  from  the  stump,  although 
they,  not  uidikely,  countervailed  each  other  to  a 
considerable  degree  in  tlie  electoral  result. 
Mr.  Thurston,  as  we  have  said,  was  himself  a 
Democrat.  At  the  same  time  lie  was  anti- 
Hudson's  Bay  and  jiro-missionary;  that  is,  he 
favored  such  Congressional  action  as  would  give 
Americans  first  rights,  if  not  exclusive  rights, 
in  land-claims,  and  would  not  recoynize  the 
right  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  people  to  the  privi- 
leges of  the  land-law,  anil  other  privileges  that 
belonged  to  established  citizenshi|i;  and  in  re- 
gard to  the  missions  he  favored  their  preten- 
siims  to  land  claims  as  missions, and  was, without 
doubt,  in  general  sympathy  with  their  purposes 
and    work. 

Mr.  Thurston's  chief  competitors  for  the  po. 
sition  of  delegate  werfi  Mr.  (.'oluinbia  liancaster. 
also  a  Democrat,  and  ,\[r.  .1.  X.  Nesmiih.  at 
that  time  ranking  politically,  rather  as  an  inde- 
pendent Whig,  though  afterward  a  Democrat, 
anil  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  that  party  in 
the   State.      Mr,   Thurston's   election,  however. 


nrsTonr  of  onRnn^. 


iflt 


Wilts  siitli(M(Mitly  <ieeiMivc  to  justify  liiin  in  feul- 
iiii^  timt  he  liiul  tlio  contiileiice  of  iiid  coiitstit- 
iieiicy,  iit'i'soimlly,  iiiitl  that  tlio  vicwn  ho  en- 
tertiiincil  in  regani  to  the  questions  referred  to 
iihove,  and  hU  the  (juestiuns  thiit  wei'i;  involved 
in  tlie  cunvass,  had  tlie  support  of  tlie  peojjlo  of 
the  Territory,  not  as  poiitieal,  hut  as  practical 
Buhjec.ts  rehitinir  to  the  prosperity  of  Orejron. 

During  tiie  two  years  of  Mr.  'I'iiurston's  iii- 
cinnljency  the  politics  of  the  Territory  retained 
the  status  on  whieli  his  election  was  decided. 
Still,  on  any  question  into  which  jjarty  con- 
trollingly  entered  the  Democrats  far  ontnuni- 
herud  the  ojjposition,  so  that  it  was  clear  that, 
as  soon  as  the  people  should  swing  away  from 
those  local  issues  that  so  vitally  affected  them, 
theTei'ritory  would  take  its  place  as  Democratic. 
The  death  of  Mr.  Thurston,  of  which  we  have 
hefore  spoken,  while  on  his  way  to  give  a  re- 
port of  his  political  stewardship  to  his  constit- 
utents,  and  to  ask  again  for  their  suffrages  for 
the  office  of  delegate,  hy  removing  the  most 
prominent  pcr.sonality  from  the  political  arena, 
no  douht  hastened  tiie  party  issues.  Still  it 
was  hardly  Democrat  vs.  Whig,  hut  Democrat 
and  a  conglomerate  opposition,  becanse  the 
Whig  party  was  already  fa.st  becoming  a  rem- 
iniscence, while  the  Democratic  was  in  the 
Hush  of  its  greatest  power.  Rut  even  with  this 
tendency  the  next  election  for  delegate  was  not 
altogether  on  party  grounds,  for  many  of  tlie 
sairio  elements  that  had  entered  into  the  former 
entered  into  this.  General  Lane  was  loth  a 
candidate  for  himself,  and  the  inheritor  of  the 
prestige  and  sentiineiits  of  Mr.  Thurston,  and 
withal,  a  decided  Democrat.  In  fact  he  had 
no  organized  opposition,  Mr.  William  II. 
Willson,  without  lieing  a  candidate,  either  by 
his  own  announcement  or  by  the  nomination  of 
any  party,  being  voted  for  by  548  voters,  while 
General  Lane  received  2,098  votes. 

From  this  time  onward,  however,  party  lines 
were  drawn,  and  the  Democrats  were  found  to 
be  in  a  decided  majority,  and  they  held  a  com- 
[ilete  ascendency  over  the  politics  of  Oregon 
during  all  the  remainder  of  her  territorial    vas- 


salage. Kvery  delegate  eledcil  l.i  (Jongress 
from  Oiegon  was  a  Democrat,  and  she  came 
into  the  I'nion  as  a  State  with  two  Deniiierafic 
seiuitors  and  a  Democratic  representali\i'  in 
C'oiigress,  and  every  ollice  of  tht^  new  Statu 
goV(!rnment  tilled  liy  a  Democrat,  and  all  put 
there  by  overwhelming  innjorities. 

Oregon  came  into  'he  I'nion  with  the  friend- 
ship of  the  country.  Iler  history  had  been  such 
as  ^to  challenge  till)  admiration  of  tlie(diival- 
rous  of  a'.l  parts  of  the  land,  and  the  story  tif 
her  settle  nent  had  over  it  the  hue  of  romance. 
The  East  and  the  West,  the  Mortli  and  the 
South,  liiid  liDuds  (jf  cctnsaniniinil  V  that  stretclieil 
from  plain  and  mountain  and  jirairie  to  the 
humble  homes  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Willam- 
ette and  the  Umpqua  and  I'uget  sound.  There 
was  but  a  single  embarrassing  consideration  that 
seemed  at  all  to  (lualify  tliat  friendship,  and 
that  was  purely  political  and  arose  out  of  the 
political  relations  of  the  question  of  the  admis- 
sion of  Oregon  with  that  of  the  admission  of 
Kansas,  whicli  was  pending  before  Congress  at 
the  same  time.  J>ut  this  coinj>licatioii  did  not 
prove  sufficient  to  induce  Congress  to  withhold 
the  privilege  of  Statehood  from  the  distant  ter- 
ritory that  her  people  Inul  so  fairly  won  from 
rugged  Nature  and  an  opposing  nation.  And 
80  with  the  good  wishes  of  all  and  the  enmity 
of  none  Oregon  began  her  career  as  a  State,  and 
to  her  history  as  such  We  now  turn. 

In  organized  States  the  lirst  history  is  politi- 
cal. So  it  must  needs  be  here.  In  extending 
the  laws  and  judicial  systein  of  the  United  Slates 
over  Oregon,  Congress  had  provided  for  one 
United  States  judge,  and  to  this  highest  judi- 
cial place  in  the  State,  Hon.  Matthew  i'.  Deady, 
who  ha<l  bi^en  elected  at  the  State  ehn'.tioii  one 
of  the  circuit  and  supreme  judges,  was  ap- 
pointed, Hon.  P.  P.  Prim  lieing  appointed  to 
the  place  thus  vacated  by  the  elevation  of  Mr. 
Deady.  So  the  judiciary  of  Oregon  when  llie 
State  government  began  to  exercise  its  power 
consisted  of  lion.  M.  P.  Deady,  United  States 
judge.  N.  K.  Wait.  M.  P.  Hoise  and  Stratt.m. 
district    and    supreme    judges;   J.    K.    Kelley, 


I  OS 


iiisroiiY  OF  oHKiiojy. 


M 


!         ^   it 


Uiiitiid  Statiis    uttiiriicy  iiiiil    Waltfi'    I''iii\viiril, 
UiiitiMl    Statt'M    iiiiirMliiil.      Soiin    ('liiiMij;t'!*    woro   i 
Hoim   iiiinlii  in   minor  olHcus    not    necessary    to  i 
ni(Mitioii. 

(iovfi'Mor  Wliitciikor  convdncil  tiic  l-ci^islii- 
tiirc  on  tlio  Kilii  of  May,  and  tiiat  Ixuly  pi'o-  . 
(•(M'di'cl  1(1  put  tin;  .Sta'e  into  liai-moriy  witll  tlie 
jirovisions  ol'  tiiu  laws  of  Con^ri'HS  ami  the  act 
aiiniittiiig  hi!i'  into  tiio  Union.  lint  little  olso 
wax  ilone.  and,  after  inakinif  provisions  for  a 
B|)e('ial  election  in  June  for  representative  to 
(Jongress  in  place  of  L.  F.  (trover,  whose  term 
had  expired.  Senator  Smith's  tei'm  had  also 
expired,  hut  the  liej^islature  o'  'tted  to  elect  his 
Buccessoi',  altluiiii^h  that  hody  was  very  Htrono;ly 
Democratic.  This  omission  was  an  omen  of  a 
con\in<^  political  npheaval,  whose  premonitory 
tremors  were  already  shaking  the  land. 

Willi  the  adjournment  of  the  Legislature  all 
political  (jnestions  were  also  adjourned  to  the 
arbitrament  of  conventions  and  the  ballot-box. 
In  the  Democratic  convention  of  the  State  Rep- 
resentative (Jrover  hail  failed  to  secure  a  re- 
nomination,  and  Landing  Stout  was  nominated. 
Mr.  (irover  had  been  a  .'avorit(!of  his  partj'  and 
])ersonally  he  was  a  very  and  desorvedly  ])opular 
man.  An  extended  notice  of  him  elsewhere  in 
this  volume  precludes  the  need  of  one  here,  but 
it  is  due  that  wo  should  say  here  that  he  had  as 
many  (|ualities  that  would  render  him  influen- 
tial, in  an  intellectual  and  social  way,  as  often 
falls  to  the  possessions  of  men.  His  personal 
character  and  conduct  were  admirable.  There 
was  nothing  in  these  that  set  him  aside;  it  was 
only  because  a  new  iiiHuence,  adverse  to  the 
Lane-Smith-Grover  inrtuenco,  'had  risen  to 
the  control  of  the  party  that  had  elected  him, 
that  both  he  and  Smith  were  set  aside  and  other 
men  took  their  crowns.  As,  at  this  time,  Mr. 
Dela/.on  Smith  retires  permanently  from  official 
place  in  (Jrej^on,  it  is  projjer  that  a  few  sentences 
should  i)e  (^iven  to  identify  his  place  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  country. 

Mr.  Smith  bei^an  his  puiilic  career  in  New 
York  as  a  Democratic  speaker  and  editor.  Sub- 
sequently   he  went  to   Iowa,  where    ho    distin- 


f^uisheil  himself  asa  "  stump  orator.  "  Hecame 
to  Oregon  as  an  emigr.mt  in  IS.I'i,  and  here 
immediately  entercnl  the  jiolitical  (ield,  still  as 
a  Democrat,  and  soon  became  noted  as  the  most 
elTective,  if  not  the  most  aide,  political  spuaker 
in  the  State.  Though  a  small  man,  not  over  live 
feet  four,  he  had  a  lofty  and  digniKed  bearing, 
a  voice  of  wonderful  compass  and  power,  and 
the  strong  and  impassioned  delivery  of  a  natural 
orator.  Ho  was  bold  and  aggressive,  full  of  self- 
confidence  and  with  a  kind  of  contomjjt  of  op- 
position and  opponents  that  showed  somethiui; 
of  an  overweening  egotism.  He  was,  for  years, 
the  orator  of  his  party  on  fi;reat  and  exigent  oc- 
casions, and  thouiih  he  lacked  the  culture  or  the 
fineness  of  many  of  the  great  leaders  of  that 
party  in  those  days,  yet  none  could  rouse  the 
enthusiasm  of  political  iTiasses  like  him,  or  from 
the  popular  arena  bear  away  as  many  laurels. 
iit..gely  he  had  borne  his  party  onward  to  its 
position  of  power  in  the  State  in  the  feelings  of 
the  masses.  He  occupied  his  place  in  the  Son- 
ate  of  the  United  States  so  short  a  time  that  he 
ha<l  no  opportunity  to  show  how  he  could  have 
coped  with  the  men  of  might  in  that  body,  but 
as  a  ])opnlar  orator  there  have  been  few  on  the 
I'acitic  coast  who  were  the  eijual  of  Delazon 
Smith.  He  will  corae  before  us  onoe  more  v^ien 
we  may  give  a  tinal  estimate  of  him. 

The  time  had  now  come  in  Oregon  when  the 
elements  that  had,  in  some  confused  way,  an- 
tagonized the  Democratic  party  could  coalesce 
as  a  part  of  the  groat  national  party  called  the 
lieptiblican,  and  at  a  convention  of  that  party 
held  in  April,  David  Logan  was  nominated  for 
Congress  and  delegates  were  elected  to  the  com- 
ing national  convention  of  that  party,  and  in- 
structed to  vote  for  William  H.- Seward  as  a 
candidate  for  the  presidency.  The  election  oc- 
curred in  June,  and  such  had  been  the  change 
in  the  relations  of  parties  consequent  on  the 
former  conflicts  that  agitated  the  country  pre- 
liminary to  the  Ilebcllion,  that  the  Democratic 
candidate  was  elected  by  only  the  scant  margin 
of  sixteen  votes. 

We  are  now  in  a  period  of  political  disinte- 


Hi 


^^^m^ 


HISTORY    Oh'    Ollh'dOX. 


lim 


■ini' 
as 

■•if 

l\o 


^iiitidii  Mini  r('('c)iir.frin'tioii ;  tlic  lio^inning  of  u 
iit'w  urn  ill  iiutioiiiil  iilt'uii's.  In  ()rcKim  tlu' 
ciiiist's  tliiit  w'fi'c  fcarinii  awu}'  ulil  party  laiiil- 
iiiarks  were  wurkiiii;  as  .■itroii;;!^  as  elsfwliurt'. 
Still  in  till,'  ]n'nilinn;  cli'dioii  for  rcprcHcntativc 
ill  L'onjjjress  tin;  Di'iiiotratie  camliilatf,  (t.  K. 
Sliiel,  was  elected  over  Uavid  Loj^aii,  who  was 
ai;ain  the  U('[)ulilicaii  wiiiilidatc  liy  a  niaJDrity  of 
104  votes.  Muaiitiinc  the  national  conventions 
(d'  the  two  great  parties  had  hcen  held  The 
Deniucratic  ('(invention  had  lieen  disrii]ited; 
two  had  heen  iield:  One  at  (Uiarleston,  and  one 
at  Baltimore,  and  dohn  C.  Hreekenridgo  and 
Josepii  Lane  had  heen  nominated  in  the  one, 
and  Stephen  A.  Douglas  and  Ilerschel  V. 
Johnson  in  tlie  otiier.  The  liepiihlican  conven- 
tion at  Chieajjo  had  nominated  Ahraham  I>in- 
eoiii  ami  Ilannihal  ilainlin,  and  the  hattle  of 
the  i^iants  was  thus  joined. 

The  political  conflict  of  ISfiO  was  by  fur  th(! 
most  remarkttlile  ever  known  in  ()re;,'on.  With 
a  multitude  of  lesser  liahts,  the  great  lights  tf 
the  political  tirinainent  were  E.  D.  Haker 
on  the  side  of  tiie  Uepiitjlicans,  Delazon  Sinitli 
on  that  of  the  Hrecken ridge  Democrats,  and 
George  II.  Williams  on  tiiat  of  the  Douglas 
Democrats.  Tlie  canvass  of  tiie  State  by  Baker 
and  Smith  constituted  an  oratorical  and  loffical 
tonrnainent  scarcely  excelled  by  that  of  Doug- 
las and  Lincoln  in  Illinois,  in  1858.  Mr. 
Williams'  canvass  was  equally  able,  but  being 
made  alone  did  not  attract  that  intense  inter- 
est that  the  debates  of  Baker  and  Smith  did. 
Smith's  oratory  was  a  torrent,  foaming,  roaring, 
tearing,  and  at  times  apparently  bearing  down 
all  before  it.  Baker's  was  clear,  clean,  classic, 
finished,  with  a  rhetoric  that  was  faultless,  a 
logic  that  left  few  joints  for  any  spear  to  pierce, 
and  a  grace  of  action  and  melody  of  voice  that 
WHS  unrivaled.  The  themes  were  equal  to  the 
orators,  indeed  beyond  them,  or  any  other  o.  ■- 
tors.  Vast  aiudiences  gathered  everywhere. 
There  was  not  much  of  the  thoughtless  effer- 
vescence of  ward  politics  in  the  audiences,  but 
the  strong-faced  thinker,  and   the  deep-hearted 


lover  of  his  eiiiintr\  eaine   In    listen,    learn,   mid 
gii  away  and  act. 

The  rei-iilt  of  the  caiiviiss  was  decrliired  on  the 
<!th  of  November,  wlieii  Oregon  cast  her  vnte  l'<ir 
.MirahiiMi  Lincoln  for  president  of  the  (!iiile(l 
States,  by  a  |ilurality  of  '270  votes,  the  divi- 
sion of  the  Democratic  party  alone  making  it 
[lossible. 

When  the  Legislature  met  in  Se]iteiiilier 
tl.'ere  were  two  United  States  senators  to  eli'ct. 
Lane's  term  having  espireil.  The  same  |iolili. 
cal  divisions  that  were  entering  into  the  presi- 
dential canvass,  then  pending,  entered  into  this, 
and  for  a  long  time  it  seemed  that  no  election 
of  senators  coiilil  be  had.  It  would  be  tedious 
and  profitless  to  trace  the  tergiversations  of 
politics  and  politicians  through  this  chaotic 
period.  At  length,  as  no  one  |iarty  was  strong 
enough  alone  to  elect,  the  Kepnblicans  and  the 
Douglas  Democrats  united  and  elected  K.  D 
Bukerand  J.  N.  Nesiiiith,— the  first  for  the  short 
and  the  second  for  the  long  term,  and  thus  the 
contest  was  ended.  At  a  special  (longressidual 
election  held  at  the  same  time  as  the  presidential 
election  in  November,  Hon.  -\.  J.  Thayre,  a 
Douglas  Democrat,  was  elected  representative 
by  an  overwhelming  majority  over  (J.  Iv.  Sliiel, 
the  Breckenridge  Democratic  candidate — the 
liepublicans  making  no  nomination. 

These  changes  were  but  a  part  of  that  great 
political  upheaval  which  was  occurring  all  over 
the  Union.  Hence  this  seems  the  jiroper  place 
to  interrupt  the  thread  of  chronological  story, 
and  use  a  little  space  in  stating  the  attitude  of 
Oregon  toward  that  upheaval,  as  well  as  its 
relations  to  the  war  of  secession  and  rebellion; 
for  it  was  this  attitude  and  these  relations  that 
made  it  possible  for  E.  D.  Baker  and  J.  W. 
Nesniith  to  be  elected  at  that  time  to  the  S(^nato 
of  the  United  States  by  the  l^iCgislature  of 
Oregon. 

The  Slate  had  always  been  overwhelmingly 
Democratic.  In  the  presidential  election  Lin- 
coln had  led  Breckenridge  by  only  270  votes, 
and  he  led  Douglas  by  1*38,  the  two  polling 
9,120  votes,  or  3,866  votes  more  than  Lincoln. 


170 


nrsTniii'  of  tnii:<i(i\ 


I " 


'l'lli~    Wllrt    I  111'  lllCMMin'  111'    Ifliilivc   .■■lleM^lll  III'    till! 

I  )i'Miiii'i'iilit'  iiml   lii'|iiilili('iiii  |iai'lii's  ii|>  III  1S(1(I. 
lint,  in   nTiiitlicr  ii-iuct,   iIk'   rrliitimiM   of  HUiiti 
liirni  ui'ic  i|iiili'  II  ilillVrriit    lliin;;   fniin  timt  of 
liiirty.     'I'lii!  voir  1^;  lIiTckfiH'iil^r,  "i.llT-t,  inciis- 
iired   tlic   iiuiiiliiT  icmlj' fii  liilldW  tlii' Snuth  into 

S(H!t'SBilHI    Mini    ll'lici  I  inn,  III',    lit    ll'lisl,    wlin    wei'o 

i-cmly  III  o;iv«'  tniiral  Mini  Ii';;m1  fM|i|iiii-t  to  tlimn. 
Till'  iiililcil  vdIi'k  of  i.incolii  MMcl  I  )iiiii,'la!i,  11,180, 
iiicMt  iircil  tlic  |iro|iiirtii)n  of  vulers  wlio  were  in 
I'mvoi-  of  till'  riiiisc  of  the  Union,  It  wax  the 
sluuiow  of  sL'cci'sion,  |ir(ijec;te(l  forwnnl  a  few 
niontlis  on  tlic  ilial  of  time,  y«t  cU'Mi'ly  ilisccriK-il 
liy  all,  tliMl  iiiiliicfd  tlic  coalition  resulting  in 
tlic  election  of  I!Ml<cr  anil  I)oii^'l»s.  After  this 
result  Miiil  tliMt  of  tlic  presidential  election  the 
cliMnicter  of  events  iniist  naturally  iletemiine 
the  political  c.)inple\i(m  of  the  State,  while  yet 
it  \VM>  clear  that,  in  any  event,  the  large  niiijor- 
ily  of  the  jieople  were  on  the  .side  of  an  indis- 
eoUilile  Lnioii.  In  an  attitude  of  hesitating  ex- 
pectancy Oregon  stood  and  waited  through  the 
winter  of  18(10  and  "01. 

There  was  no  railroad  nor  telegraph  th(^n 
connecting  tlie  State  witii  the  Atlantic  seahoard. 
The  fastest  transit  was  the  "  pony  express  ''  from 
the  Missouri  I'iver  to  San  Frareisco.  and  thence  j 
by  steamer  to  Portland.  The  bonil)ardnicnt  of 
Fort  Sumter  oc(Mirred  on  the  13th  of  April, 
and  the  intelligence  of  that  event  did  not  reach 
I'lirtland  until  the  30th  of  April.  It  startled 
the  peo|)le  like  a  thousand  thunder  peals.  I'arty 
walls  criiinlilcd  before  it.  It  was  no  lon<'er 
Democrat  and  Republican;  it  w.as  union  or  dis- 
union. The  Douglas  Democrats  and  tiie  Re- 
y)ulilicaiis  declared  almost  unanimously  for  the 
rnioii,  and  some  of  those  who  had  sustained 
Hi'cckcnridge  and  Lane  joined  them.  Dolazon 
Smith,  the  great  oratorical  leader  of  the  Breck- 
enridge  party,  was  dead.  Ili.s  herculean  efforts 
in  the  prccceding  jioliticMl  campaign,  joined  to 
his  bitter  disapiiointmeut  at  the  result  of  it, 
proved  too  much  for  him,  and  his  speeches  had 
hardly  ceased  to  ring  in  the  ears  of  his  auditors 
when  he  was  borne  to  the  tomb.  Lane,  who 
had  been  the   idol    of    the   I'ajik   and  lilc  of  the 


I  )eiiioiu'Htic  party,  and  by  wlio.-c  perMUial  popular 
ity  it  was  expecti^d  Oregon  would  bi^  held  to  her 
ancient  and  continued  fealty  to  that  |)arty,  re 
turned  to  his  State  in  the  same  steamer  that 
brought  the  news  of  the  bombardment  of  Sum- 
ter. Ho  came  to  tiiid  it  hi-i  .State  no  longer. 
The  taint  of  socessiun  was  u|ioii  him.  Defeated 
politically  in  his  candidature  with  I'reckenridge 
for  the  vice-presidency,  and  having  deeply 
involved  himself  in  treasonable  alliances  with 
those  who  were  in  arms  against  the  integrity 
of  the  Union,  the  State  that  had  so  l.'onored  and 
exalted  him  offered  him  no  welcome  and  hardly 
an  asylum  on  his  return.  His  home  (doming 
was  indeed  pitiful.  Neglected  and  turned  tVoMi 
by  those  who  had  been  his  friends  and  earnest 
supporters,  he  was  comjjclled  to  find  almost  a 
culprit's  way  through  the  country  to  his  own 
home  in  southern  Oregon.  It  was  known  that 
he  came  j)rcpared,  if  not  commissioned  to  head 
a  movement  tor  the  [)Uttiug  of  Oregon  on  the 
side  of  the  southern  Confederacy.  He  brought 
some  bo.xes  of  guns,  with  which  to  arm  those 
whose  co-operation  he  expected  in  plunging  the 
State  into  rebellion.  Hut  he  found  that  even 
the  men  who  had  spoken  for  him  and  voted  for 
him  for  vice-president  could  not  be  led  into  any 
measures  of  open  hostility  against  the  Govern- 
nient,  however  secretly  they  might  sympathize 
with  his  sentiments  or  with  the  side  of  the 
south  in  the  contiict  of  arms  just  beginning  to 
shake  the  land.  So  there  was  nothing  for  him 
to  do  but  quietly  to  bury  himself  in  the  seclu- 
sion of  his  retired  home  in  a  mountain  valley 
of  southern  Oregon,  and,  practically  out  of  sight, 
and  largely  out  of  the  thought  of  the  great  body 
of  the  Oregon  people,  spend  the  remnant  of  his 
years,  lie  never  again  appeared  in  public  life. 
A  Very  l.irge  number  of  tho.se  who  afterward 
became  famous  in  the  great  war  were  serving  in 
Oregon  when  the  Rebellion  began,  or  had  served 
previously,  and  were  well  known  to  great  multi- 
tudes of  the  people.  Among  'them  may  be 
named  Urant.  Sheridan.  Rus.-.cll,  Reynolds,  Al- 
vord,  .Vugiir.  Wright,  Ord,  Casey,  Smith, 
Ilazen  and    Ingalls.     Hooker  was   a  citizen  of 


ifisToiir 


nllKOfiy. 


m 


liar 

ro 

liiit 

iiiii- 

lU'il 

itv 


!, 


Ori'i^Dii,  Imviiijj  rt'lirod  from  tlic  nritiy,  Me 
l.flliiii  iiiid  StovuiiH  liHil  both  e<irniMittiilo<l  coiii- 
|)!iiiii'H  ot"  to|)oifni|ilii(;iil  uiifi^iiii'erH  on  siM'vico  in 
Oicf^iiii  uikI  Wiitiliiiij^toii.  ( 'iiiii|)iinitivc'ly  few 
only  (if  the  ollii'urs  wlio  had  served  in  Oregon 
went  witli  tlic  South,  nnd  none  of  thene  iittiiined 
^rcat  (liHtini'tioii.  The  Oreffoniiin.-i  haveuiwnyH 
taken  >;reat  pride  in  the  fact  tlnit  such  men  as 
tliese  we  have  named  had  resided  among  tlicm, 
and  tiiat  the  State  liad  tiieir  fiiendshiji  and  eon- 
fidciu'e. 

Tiiouf^h  so  tar  removed  from  the  aeene  of 
actual  war,  <  >regoti  did  not  pass  throu<;ii  the 
conflict  witliont  sore  bereavement.  Jler  elo- 
(Hient  and  gallant  senator,  K.  I).  I'aker,  who 
had  risen  to  great  distinction  in  the  Mexican 
war,  as  well  as  in  the  forensic  tield,  had,  with  liis 
siMiatorship,  taken  the  field  as  a  volunteer,  and 
lieen  conimisBioned  Urigadicr  gonc^ra!  of  volun- 
teers by  President  Lincoln.  Always  at  the 
front,  ho  eonld  not  be  at  the  rear  now.  Nor  in 
the  Held  was  his  uniform  for  dignity,  but  for 
service.  Jiut  a  few  months  of  the  war  had 
passed  before,  at  the  disastrous  Hall's  I'd ntt",  on 
the  'ilst  of  ()ctoi)er,  he  fell  at  the  head  of  his 
troops.  There  were  few  like  him  in  the  nation. 
It  were  not  presumptuous  to  apply  to  him  tiie 
splendid  eulogy  that  Napier  gave  to  Uidge: 
"  None  fell  on  the  field  with  more  glory  than 
he,  yet  many  fell,  and  there  was  much  glory." 
Oregon  mourned  him,  the  nation  mourned  him, 
and  Lincoln,  long  his  warm  jjersonal  friend, 
wept  for  his  loss.  These  were  tributes  enough 
to  canonize  any  name  in  the  calendar  of 
])atriots.  And  there  forever  stands  the  name  of 
Haker. 

Throughout  the  war,  Oregon  remained  stern- 
ly and  uncompromisingly  loyal.  True,  there 
seemed,  at  some  points  to  be  some  slight  suspi- 
cion that  she  held  her  loyalty  by  a  feeble  tenure, 
but  the  occasions  were  connected  with  the  politi- 
cal adjustments  of  antebellum  days,  which 
where  perpetuated  a  year  or  two  into  the  era  of 
the  war.  One  incident  was  the  appointment  of 
Mr.  Benjamin  Stark,  as  senator  for  the  unex- 
pired   term  of  Baker.     This   appointment  was 


made  by  Gdvenior  Whileaker,  ii  thorough  syiii- 
'  patlii%(>r  with  the  attitude  of  the  Southern 
States,  who  had  been  I'leeled  governor  before 
the  di>rnption  of  the  Democratic  party.  Mr. 
I  Stark  was  of  the  same  |)olitical  sentiments  of 
1  (iovernor  Wliiteak(<r,  and  throw  over  tliem  even 
less  disguisti  than  he.  The  Senate  hesitated 
I  for  two  months  to  admit  Mr.  Stark  to  his  seat, 
on  account  of  his  disloyal  sentiments,  i>ut 
finally  did  so.  Mr.  (i.  K.  Shiel,  who  had  been 
elected  to  Congress  at  the  same  election  that 
put  Mr.  Whiteaker  in  the  governorship,  eon- 
tested  the  right  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Thayre  to  hisst'at 
in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  finally 
obtained  it,  was  of  tb(!  same  political  sentiments 
as  the  others.  So  that,  through  that  complica- 
tion, Oregon's  repros(<ntation  in  ('ongress,  after 
the  death  of  Baker,  was  largely  out  of  harmony 
with  the  political  faith  of  her  people,  Senator 
Nesmith  being  the  only  exception  to  this  state- 
ment, and  his  was  but  a  partial  one.  lie  so  far 
sym]iathi/.ed  with  the  others  named  that  he 
voted  for  the  admission  of  Mr.  Stark  to  his  seat 
against  the  desire  of  a  large  nnijority  of  the 
people  of  the  State,  who  only  waited  the  legal 
opportunity  to  put  her  (^^jngressional  repre- 
sentatives in  harmonj'  with  herself  and  the  na- 
tional caus(!. 

This  opportunity  soon  came.  On  the  iJth  of 
April  the  Union,  or  Kepul)licaii,  party  met  in 
convention  and  adopted  a  short  hut  compre- 
hensively I'nion  platform,  ])rocoeded  to  the 
nomination  of  a  candidate  for  re|)resentative  in 
Congress,  and  for  State  officers.  For  the  first 
place  John  R.  McBi'ide  was.  named.  For  gov- 
ernor, Addison  C.  Gibljs;  for  secretary  of 
State,  S.  E.  May.  and  for  treasurer,  E.  N. 
Cook,  with  Harvey  Gordon  for  State  printer. 
On  the  part  of  the  Democrats,  who  took  the 
position  of  anti-adininistration,  A.  E.  Wait 
was  nominated  for  Congress;  J.  V.  Miller  for 
governor;  G.  T.  Vining  for  secretary  of  State; 
J.  B.  (rreer  for  treasurer,  with  A.  Nottrus  for 
State  printer. 

As  this  was  the  first  election  held  since  the 
opening  of  the  war,  and   consequently  the  first 


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since  parties  liad  accreted  explicitly  and  avow- 
edly around  the  isaucs  evolved  Ijy  tlie  pretended 
secession  of  the  Southern  States  and  their '.var  to 
make  that  protended  secession  real  and  actual, 
it  was  attended  hy  great  popular  interest,  even 
excitement.  The  leading  candidates  themselves 
took  the  tield,  and  were  ably  sustained  on  both 
sides  by  the  strongest  men  of  their  respective 
parties.  It  would  hardly  be  true  to  history  to 
say  that  this  was  a  canvass  iietween  the  Re- 
publican party  as  such  and  the  Democratic 
party  as  such,  as  it  was  rather  a  contest  between 
loyalty  to  the  cause  of  the  (rovernment  of  the 
United  States,  as  then  administered  for  the 
purpose  of  putting  down  the  Ileljellion  and  main- 
taining tiie  integrity  of  the  Union,  and  loyalty 
to  the  cause  of  the  revolted  States  in  their  atti- 
tude of  secession  and  conse(iuent  rebellion.  Old 
party  questions  were  oUi  of  sight.  Old  party 
associations  were  broken  up.  Old  party  com- 
radships  were  dissolved.  On  this  one  issue  was 
the  battle  fought  to  the  finish  of  the  election 
day. 

All  jiiililic  as8oint)lie8  were  touched  with  ex- 
citement of  the  hour.  Conferences,  synods, 
convocations  of  every  sort  were  drawn  into  the 
whirl  01  debate.  It  was  not  only  accounted 
poor  politics  but  bad  religion  to  be  indifi'erent 
where  such  a  momentous  issue  was  pending. 
The  churches,  almost  unanimously,  were  on 
tb.b  side  of  the  Union.  Many  of  the  ablest 
B|)eakers  on  the  stump  were  ministers.  Many 
of  the  ablest  documents  published  were  the  re- 
ports and  resolutions  of  the  conferences,  synods, 
or  associations.  When  the  election  occurred 
>t  was  found  that  the  Union  party  liad  triumphed 
ty  about  3,0<)0  majority  over  thi  opposition. 

When  the  newly  elected  Legislature  asaera- 
bli^d  on  the  second  Monday  in  September,  1863, 
out  of  its  'jarliest  duties  was  tlij  election  of  a 
Uni.'ed  S'ates  senator  in  the  place  of  Benjamin 
Stark,  Lo  fill  out  ♦lie  ypt  unexpired  term  of 
Senator  Baker.  There  was  a  decided  Union 
miijority  ill  the  body,  and  of  course  some  man 
in  thorough  sympathy  with  the  Union  cause 
would  be  elected.     Quite   a   number  of  those 


who  had  been  prominently  identified  with  the 
canvass  were  nominated,  but  the  choice  fell  on 
Benjamin  F.  Harding,  of  Marion  county. 

Mr.  Harding  was  a  <juiet,  unostentatious 
man,  of  solid  but  not  showy  talents.  Beforo 
1860  he  had  been  a  moderate  Democrat,  al- 
though never  quite  able  to  rid  himself  of  the 
flavor  of  his  former  Whig  training,  if  indeed  lie 
desired  to  do  so.  He  had  been  very  inrtuential 
in  forming  the  combination  in  the  Legislature 
that  resulted  in  the  election  of  Baker  and  Nes- 
mith,  and  lience  had  the  support  of  the  friends 
of  liotli  of  those  gentlemen  at  this  time  for  the 
vacant  place.  Although  some  of  his  competit- 
ors were  among  the  very  foremost  men  of  the 
State  and  the  party  in  power,  at  least  two  of 
whom  afterward  attained  to  the  dignity  of  the 
toga,  his  relation  to  that  event,  coupled  with  the 
fact  that  he  was  a  man  of  excellent  habits  and 
general  good  repute,  gave  him  the  honorable 
distinction  of  taking  the  place  of  the  lamented 
Baker  in  the  councils  of  the  nation. 

Governor  G-ibbs  was  inaugurated  on  the  10th 
of  September,  1802.  His  administration  chanced 
on  most  stirring  times,  and  had  to  deal  with 
the  most  important  political  and  economic 
questions.  It  received  strong  support  as  well 
as  encountered  violent  opposition.  This  was  to 
ho  exjiected.  It  was  a  period  when  radical 
principles  came  to  the  fore,  and  radical  pissions 
swayed  political  action.  Many  matters  of  in- 
ternal State  policy,  affecting  more  or  less  the 
business  relations  of  the  country,  must  needs  be 
adjusted.  A  code  of  civil  procedure,  which 
had  been  prepared  by  a  commission  consisting 
of  M.  P.  Deady.  A.  C.  Oibbs  and  J  K.  Kelley, 
was  to  be  considered.  Of  wider  interest  still 
the  tliirteenth  and  fourteenth  amendments  to 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States  was  beforo 
the  nation  for  adoption  or  rejection.  When  the 
first — that  of  abolishing  slavery  in  the  United 
States- -was  ponding.  Governor  Gibbs,  in  re- 
sponse to  a  request  from  the  secretary  of  State 
of  the  United  States,  William  H.  Seward,  con- 
vened the  Legislature  in  extra  session  on  the 
5tli  day  ot  December,  1865,  and  presented  the 


uisTonr  OF  oreqon. 


\n 


siihjeet  before  that  body  in  a  dignitied  and 
able  mosHage  recominundiiig  its  adoptioTi.  Witli 
only  seven  dissenting  votes,  this  was  done  on 
tbe  lltii  of  Deceinl)er,  and  the  result  telegraphed 
to  Mr.  Seward.  When  the  fourteenth  amend- 
ment was  presented  to  the  Legislature  at  its  reg- 
ular session  tlie  following  year,  it  was  adopted 
with  even  less  opposition  than  the  former.  In 
these  actions  Oregon  had  placed  herself  in 
harmony  with  the  administration  of  Mr.  Lin- 
coln and  the  general  political  principles  of  the 
Republican  party. 

If  there  was  any  marked  exception  to  this 
statement  it  was  in  relation  to  what  'vas  called 
the  "legal-tender  question":  that  is,  making  the 
notes  of  the  United  States  Government  the  ac- 
tual currency  of  current  exchange  in  the  State, 
or  making  gold  the  actual  currency  and  govern- 
ment notes  that  which  should  be  subject  to  the 
fluctuations  of  discount.  Practically  there  was 
little  difference  whether  gold  should  bear  a  pre- 
mium and  legal  tender  notes  pass  current  at  par, 
or  gold  pacs  at  par  and  the  legal  tender  notes  at 
a  discount.  But  still,  to  many  minds,  it  seemed 
that  the  act  of  the  national  legislature  should 
determine  the  character  of  the  currency  for  tiie 
entire  country.  It  seemed  difficult  to  adjust 
the  question  to  the  satisfaction  of  all,  or  even  so 
as  to  do  exact  justice  to  all.  Indeed  it  never 
was  done:  as  it  is  never  possible  to  reach  ideal 
conditions  in  any  kind  of  legislation.     The   re- 


sult of  the  discussion,  and  of  legislative  action 
on  tiiis  question,  was,  that  gold  was  practically 
the  standard  in  Oregon,  aa  it  was  on  all  the 
Pacitic  coast,  and  currency  the  commodity  of 
fluctuation  and  barter.  At  the  same  time  legal- 
tender  notes  were  freely  circulated  at  discount 
rates,  and  for  all  private  debts  the  creditor  was 
comjielliHl  to  receive  them  at  par  of  their  de- 
nomination, if  the  debtor  so  chose  to  offer  them. 
This,  however,  was  seldom  done,  unless  the 
creditor  was  enforcing  collection  by  legal  pro- 
cess. Hence  gold  freely  circulated  in  Oregon 
through  all  the  period  of  the  war.  Notes  were 
drawn  "j)ayHble  in  gold  coin,"  bills  of  goods 
were  sold  under  the  same  terms,  and  in  conse- 
quence there  was  never  the  inflation  on  the  one 
hand  nor  the  contraction  on  the  other  in  Ore- 
gon, nor  elsewhere  on  the  coast,  that  there  was 
in  the  Eastern  States. 

Our  space  does  not  permit  us  to  amplify  fur- 
ther the  political  history  of  the  administration 
of  Governor  Gibbs.  Coming  at  the  time  it  did, 
it  dealt  with  more  questions  of  great  public  in- 
terest than  any  administration  preceding,  or  any 
that  followed  it;  and  it  is  but  impartial  history 
to  say  that  the  dominant  party,  with  the  execu- 
tive head  of  the  State,  conducted  it  through  this 
trying  and  important  period  with  credit  to  them- 
selves on  the  whole,  and  so  as  to  secure  a  good 
degree  of  public  prosperity. 


^€@:;si)P-^ 


11 


174 


IIISrOItY    OF    nilEdON. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 


OUEGON  AS  A  STATE,  CONTINUED. 


Skat  ok  (iovkhnmiont  Qikstion  -I'kksidkntiai.  Ei.kctkin  ok  1S44 — Mk.  I.incoi.n  Carries  the 
Statk — C4i:oii(JK  11.  Williams  Elkcted  ISenator- -Character  ok  Mr.  Williams— State 
Elkctio.v — Uki'iiilk  ans  iSrciKssKiji, — Lkoislatl'ke  Meets— II.  W.  Corheit  Elected  Sena- 
tor— His  Ciiara<tek — Senator  Nesmitii  —  Mr.  Malloky — J.  S.  Smith  Elected  to  Con - 
(jKKss — L.  F.  Grover, Governor — Ceiarscter  ok  His  Administration — State  University 
Oroanizkd  — Elkction  ok  1872  —  Lkisislature  Elkoi'.s  J.  H.  Mitchel  Senator- Po- 
litical  FHOTIATIONS— OrEOOx's    ELECTORAL    VoTE  IN  1876 — GOVERNOR   GrOVER    ElECTED  TO 

the  Senate — Chadwick  Governor-. I.  II.  Slater  Rei-re8Ent\tive — J.  G.  Wilson — George 
EaDow — Mr.  Nesmitii — Richard  Williams  Elected  Rei-rksentative — John  Whiteaker 
Succeeds  Him— M.  C.  Georoe  Two  Terms — 15inokr  Herman— J  .  N.  Doli-h  Elected  Sena- 
-roE — J.  H.  Mitchel  Elected  the  Second  Time  -Both  Still  in  Office — Presidential 
Elections  in  Oregon. 


•1" 

'I 


fllE  qtiestion  of  the  seat  of  government  for 
tlie  State  had  been  one  that  tlie  people  had 
found  it  exceedingly  difHcult  to  settle.  Sev- 
eral votes  had  been  taken  upon  it  during  Territo- 
rial times,  and  the  results  had  been  so  variant  that 
the  capital  had  moved  from  place  to  place  np 
and  down  the  Willaraetto  valley,  until  it  became 
a  proverb  that  it  was  "on  wheels."  The  con- 
stitution of  the  State  required  that  the  first  reg- 
ular session  of  the  legislature  should  submit  the 
matter  of  the  location  to  the  voters  of  the  State, 
and  provided  that  only  a  majority  of  the  votes 
should  elect.  At  the  election  of  1862  no  place 
had  a  majority.  In  that  of  1864  Salem  re- 
ceived a  majority  of  seventy-nine  over  all  other 
places  voted  for,  and  was  chosen.  As  we  make 
some  reference  to  this  city  in  the  chapter  on 
"Cities  and  Towns"  of  Oregon,  we  omit  any 
further  notice  of  it  in  this  place. 

With  1864  came  the  presidential  election. 
The  war  was  evidently  nearing  its  termination, 
and  it  was  certain  that  it  would  close  with  the 
cause  of  tlie  Union  triumphant.  Naturally  old 
political  afHliations  began  again  to  exert  an  in- 
fluence on  many  minds,  and  no  small  nuinher 
who   had   Bto<3d    tirmly   for   tlie  Union  and  the 


war — "  war  Democrats '' — began  to  consider 
whether,  now  that  they  felt  the  Union  was 
saved,  they  should  remain  in  affiliation  wich  Re- 
publicans or  return  to  the  Democratic  fold.  The 
result  of  this  feeling  was  obvious  when,  on 
counting  the  votes  for  president  in  November, 
it  was  found  that  Mr.  Lincoln  had  carried  Ore- 
gon by  only  fourteen  hundred  votes, — less  than 
half  of  the  majority  of  the  "Union  party"  in 
1862.  The  State  officers  being  elected  quad- 
rennially, there  was  no  election  for  Governor 
this  year.  The  Republican  candidate  for  Con- 
gress was  J.  II.  D.  Henderson,  and  the  Demo- 
cratic J.  K.  Kelley.  Mr.  Henderson  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
order.  Mr.  Kelley  was  a  leading  lawyer,  and 
personally  a  man  of  considerable  popularity, 
and  had  the  advantage  of  a  thorough  political 
trniuing.  Their  canvas  was  active,  both  men 
winning  the  approval  of  their  respective  parties, 
but  Mr.  llenderoon  was  elected,  and  served  his 
term  with  fidelity  to  his  constituency  and  profit 
to  his  State.  When  the  new  Legislature  as- 
sembled it  elected  Hon.  (Jeorge  II.  Williams 
United  States  Senator  for  the  term  of  six  years. 
His  chief  opponent  in  the  Republiyau  party  be 


niSTOBV    OF    UliEaON. 


m 


fore  the  Lesiislatnre  was  Rev.  Thomas  II  Peame, 
wlio  at  first  diviiled  the  voteB  of  that  party 
nearly  equally  with  Mr.  Williams. 

Tliit*  election  jjavo  great  satisfaction  to  the 
people  of  (Jregon.  Mr.  Williams  was  every- 
where conceded  to  be  u  very  able  and  a 
thorough,  upright  man.  As  a  jurist  he  had  tiio 
confidence  of  all.  His  mind  was  not  of  that 
facile  type  that  can  accept  error  as  well  and  as 
readily  as  truth,  and  cares  neitiier  for  one  nor 
the  other  only  so  pers-inal  and  political  ends  are 
served.  Of  such  men  politicians  are  made. 
Hut  his  mind  was  of  that  sturdy,  hard-grained 
texture  that  did  not  receive  impression  easily, 
but  having  once  received  them  held  them  firmly 
and  solidly  because  they  represented  truth  to  his 
consciousness.  Of  such  men  statesmen  are 
made.  Mr.  Williams  was  not  a  politician — he 
was  a  statesman.  •  During  his  term  of  six  years 
in  the  Senate  he  made  the  infiueiice  of  his 
statesmanship  felt  oi.  the  widest  questions  of 
national  and  international  policy.  At  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  be  was  selected  by  Presi- 
dent Grant  for  attorney-ijeneral  of  the  United 
States,  and  as  such  was  a  member  of  his  cabi- 
net, and  was  also  honored  with  a  nomination  by 
the  president  as  chief  justice  of  the  United 
States;  a  place  for  which  bis  judicial  mind  and 
eminent  legal  accquirements  well  fitted  him; 
bnt,  for  reasons  satisfactory  to  himself  Mr. 
Williams  withdrew  his  name  as  a  candidate  for 
this  office.  As  his  cliaracter  and  life  are  treated 
more  at  length  in  the  biographical  <lopartment 
of  this  book,  it  is  not  necessary  lo  add  more  of 
this  eminent  man  liere,  and  the  justice  of 
history  requires  that  we  should  not  say  lees. 

In  1806,  the  term  of  Governor  Gibbs  having 
expired,  it  was  necessary  to  elect  a  new  State 
government,  together  with  a  legislature  which 
would  have  the  selection  of  a  successor  of  Hon. 
J.  W.  Nesmith  in  the  United  States  Senate  and 
also  a  representative  in  Congress  to  succeed  Mr. 
Henderson.  George  L.  Woods  was  nominated 
for  governor  by  tlio  Republicans  and  J.  K.  Kelley 
by  the  Democrats.  For  representative  in  Con- 
gress tlie  Republicans  nominated  Rufus  Mallory 


and  the  Democrats  James  D.  Fay.  TIic  parties, 
by  this  time,  had  nearly  resumed  their  ante- 
bellum relations,  and  the  contest  was  a  very 
close  and  exciting  one.  Its  result,  however, 
was  the  election  of  the  Republican  ticket  by  a 
majority  of  six  hundred;  not  half  of  what  it 
had  been  two  years  before.  The  Legislature 
being  also  Republican  there  was  a  very  spirited 
contest  before  that  body,  between  the  leaders  of 
the  dominant  party  for  the  vacant  seriatorship. 
Tile  most  prominent  candidate's  were  A.  C. 
Gibbs  and  J.  II.  Mitchell,  on  the  part  i-f  the 
republicans.  Gibbs  receiving  the  caucus  nomi- 
nation; and  J.  S.  Smith  the  candidate  of  the 
democrats.  The  contest  before  the  Legislature 
was  long  and  somewhat  bitter,  a  few  Republi- 
cans refusing  to  vote  for  the  caucus  nominee, 
but,  on  tiie  sixteenth  ballot,  tlie  liepublicans 
took  up  the  name  of  H.  W.  Corln'tt,  a  wealthy 
merchant  of  Portland  and  electe<l  him. 

Mr.  Corbett  had  never  l)een  in  piildic  life. 
In  his  business  vocation  he  iiad  always  main- 
tained an  exceptionally  excellent  reputation, 
and  had  succeeded  in  amassing  a  large  fortune. 
His  bearing  was  that  of  the  cultured  New-Kng- 
land  gentleman  that  he  was.  Politically  he  was 
an  ardent  Unionist  at  the  beginning  of  the  war 
and  at  its  close  took  his  place  in  the  liepnblican 
party,  while  he  was  in  no  sanse  a  ra'lical  par- 
tisan. From  his  business  abilities  and  training 
the  people  of  the  State  were  le<l  to  expect  a 
careful  and  scrupulous  care  of  the  interest  of 
the  State,  nor  were  they  disappointed  in  that 
expectation;  for  he  made  a  good,  prudent,  con- 
scientious and  i       ential  senator. 

He  took  the  place  of  Senator  Nesmith.  whose 
name  has  appeared  several  times  already  in  the 
course  of  this  history,  cgpecially  in  connection 
with  the  combination  of  1860,  which  put  Col- 
onel E.  D.  Baker  and  himself  into  the  United 
States  Senate.  It  would  not  Ije  right,  histori- 
cally, to  dismiss  his  name  wiiii  the  casual  no- 
tice? already  given  him,  for  his  part  in  the  his- 
tory of  Oregon  was  by  no  means  an  insignifi- 
cant one. 

He  was  an  immigrant  of  1843,  and  the  orderly 


17(1 


uisrouY  oh'  tiuh'dd.y. 


U 


'  ., 


i| 


I':- 


sergciiiit  of  its  seini-iiiilitBry  Drijanization.  A 
mail  of  110  iiic'oiisiderabli'  force  of  cliiii'iicter,  lie 
was  not  long  in  iniprcssinf;  iiinisclt'  on  tiie 
tlioii>;litg  of  tiie  puople  of  Oreiron,  especiiiliy  in 
the  t-arly  day  wiiun  ii  soniewlmt  conglomerate 
population  was  ponrint;  into  tlie  country 
tlirongii  the  channel  of  immigration  from  every 
part  of  the  Union,  lie  was  not  a  man  of  cul- 
ture, hilt  had  a  masculine  intellect  and  a  strong 
and  somewhat  pungent  wit.  lie  was  a  typi- 
cal |)ioneer,  and  as  such  was  easily  at  the  head 
of  the  noMe.  even  if  somewhat  rough,  army  of 
pioneers  that  peopled  and  siihdued  Oregon. 
Naturally  he  was  a  leader;  not  of  all  men  but 
a  large  majority  of  the  [H'ople,  and  when  vigor  of 
mind  and  body  and  determination  of  spirit  were 
especially  requisite  he  naturally  stepped  to  the 
front.  Those  who  were  near  him  were  strongly 
attached  to  him,  but  those  who  were  in  anyway 
in  opposition  to  him  dreafled  his  sarcastic  on- 
slaughts. During  the  civil  war  he  stood  in 
the  Senate  for  loyalty  and  won  his  noblest  fame 
then  and  there.  Like  many  men  of  his  strong 
personality  and  vitality,  up  tomid<lle  life  or  be- 
yond it,  he  seemed  to  care  little  for  many  of 
those  things  that  are  dearest  to  the  most  refined 
and  conscientious  people,  and  hencethe.se,  how- 
ever much  they  might  admire  his  ability  and 
strength  of  character,  were  not  counted  among 
his  friends.  Tli is  measurably  changed  however, 
towarti  tlie  close  of  his  life,  and  years  tendered 
his  feelings  and  tempered  his  speech,  and  he 
closed  his  career,  having  won  the  regards  of 
the  people  of  the  State  as  one  of  the  most 
wortiiily  famous  and  useful  of  the  citizens  of 
Oregon. 

Mr.  Ma' lory,  representative  to  (Congress,  was 
a  lawyer  of  good  standing  and  rcjiutation.  He 
had  not  been  much  in  public  life  in  Oregon, 
but  the  character  of  his  canvass  was  such  as  to 
awaken  high  hopes  of  his  success  in  the  place  to 
which  the  people  had  elected  him  over  the 
brilliant  though  erratic  Fay,  nor  did  his  Con- 
gressional history  of  a  single  term  disappoint 
their  expectations.  Tiie  governor-elect,  Mr. 
George  L.  Woods,  won  great  eclat  as  a  debater 


in  the  canvas'.  His  administration  of  the  af- 
fairs of  the  State  was  marked  more  by  political 
einliroilments  than  was  the  former  one,  and  for 
various  reasons  failed  to  give  satisfaction  even 
to  his  own  party.  Probably  the  fact  tiiat  his 
administration  had  fallen  on  a  time  of  such 
high  political  excitement,  when  one  party  was 
making  every  effort  to  retain  the  power  that 
seemed  slipping  out  of  their  grasp,  and  the 
other  was  lesorting  to  every  expedient  to  gain 
power,  had  something  to  do  with  its  misfortunes. 
Whatever  was  the  occassion,  it  is  certain  that 
there  was  a  failure  to  meet  the  just  hopes  of 
either  the  party  in  pdwer  or  the  people  at  large. 

The  contest  for  the  place  of  representative  in 
Congress,  in  1868,  was  between  Uavid  Logan, 
Republican,  and  J.  S.  Smith,  Democrat.  They 
were  both  well  known  in  the  State,  and  had 
been  leaders  in  their  respectivij  parties  for  many 
years.  They  were  also  both  able  men,  and 
made  a  canvass  before  the  people  that  has 
hardly  been  excelled  for  real  ability  by  any 
ever  made  in  the  State  for  this  position.  Mr. 
Logan,  however,  had  twice  been  a  candidate  be- 
fore, and  for  some  reasons  did  not  eotnmand  the 
confidence  of  a  large  element  in  the  party  to 
which  he  belonged.  Mr.  Smith,  while  a  strong 
partisan,  was  cautious  and  moderate  in  the  ex- 
pression of  his  sentiments,  and  had  a  very  wide 
personal  friendship  among  the  liepublicans. 
Unquestionably  he  was,  at  that  juncture,  the 
strongest  candidate  that  his  piirty  could  have 
nominated.  Besides,  the  tendency  for  two  elec- 
tions had  been  toward  the  return  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  to  |K)wer  in  Oregon,  and  the  time 
seemed  to  have  come  for  that  result.  So  Mr. 
Smith  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  1,2()0  over 
Mr.  Logan. 

Joseph  S.  Smith  was  an  immigrant  of  1847. 
His  whole  course  of  life  in  Oregon  was  such  as 
to  win  the  confidence  if  the  people  in  rather  an 
uiiUBiial  degree.  He  spent  a  few  years  as  a 
Methodist  preacher,  but  his  health  was  too 
frail  to  endure  the  trying  conditions  of  that  life, 
and  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice   in  the  courts,  where  he  was  considered  a 


IMHi 


niSTOUy    OF    OUKOON. 


m 


clear  and  logical  nilvouate.  lie  wii«  an  al)le  and 
BiicceHafiil  l)m«in(«88  man,  and  accninnhtted  acon- 
sideraltlc  fortnnn.  Hi«  service  in  Coiij^resB  was 
not  marked  by  anytliing  of  special  interest  or 
importance,  though  it  was  creditable  to  him- 
self and  serviceable  to  his  State.  lie  served  but 
a  single  term, — not  long  enough  for  any  man  to 
accom])lish  much  for  the  benetit  of  his  con- 
stituents or  his  own  reputation.  liut  Mr. 
Smith  is  entitled  to  an  honorable  record  on  the 
list  of  those  who  built  this  Western  comnion- 
wealth. 

At  the  presidential  election  in  Noveml)er, 
Oregon  was  carried  by  the  Democrats  for  the 
first  time  in  such  an  election,  though  by  the 
small  majority  of  160  votes  out  of  22,000  votes 
cast. 

Governor  Wood's  administration  closed  in 
1870.  To  succeed  him  lion.  La  Fayette  F. 
Grover,  who  had  been  a  leader  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  since  long  before  Oregon  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union,  and  who  was  the  tirst 
representative  from  the  State  in  Congress,  was 
elected  governor,  and  Stephen  F.  Ohadwick, 
also  a  Democrat,  was  made  secretary  of  State. 
Both  of  these  gentlemen  enjoyed  a  well  deserved 
personal  popularity,  and  had  been  identified 
with  many  of  the  leading  enterprises  that  had 
been  \indertaken  for  the  benefit  of  the  country. 
Their  nomination  for  them  was  opportune,  as 
it  came  at  the  close  of  an  administration  that 
had  not  won  the  favorable  consideration  of  the 
people,  and  henc«  a  change  both  of  the  personnel 
and  politics  of  the  State  government  was  easily 
eifectod.  Still  it  is  but  historic  fairness  to  say 
that  nothing  could  he  alleged  against  the  candi- 
date opposed  to  Mr.  Grover,  Hon.  Joel  Pal- 
mer. He  was  a  man  of  probity  and  honor,  an 
emigrant  of  1846,  and  had  held  important 
office  before,  and  always  with  personal  credit. 
Indeed,  he  was  conceded  to  have  been  among 
the  more  useful  of  the  pioneers  of  the  State. 
At  the  time  of  the  election  he  was  already  be- 
coming an  old  man,  and  lacked  something  of 
that  physical  and  intellectual  vigor  requisite 
for  difficult  and  aggressive  administration,  es- 


pecially in  times  (»f  political  unrest  like  these. 
This  his  own  party  felt,  while  they  all  person- 
ally resj)ected  the  candidate,  inuiiy  of  tliciii  sup- 
])<irted  the  younger,  more  c\iltivatetl  and  ag- 
gressive candidate  of  the  opposition. 

The  administration  of  (ioveruor  (irover,  as 
was  to  be  expected,  was  strongly  partisan.  He- 
ing sustained  by  a  Democratic  legislature,  very 
strong  measures  were  taken  against  the  acts  of 
Congress  amending  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  which  had  been  adopted  by  the 
Oregon  Legislature.  Resolutions  rescinding 
the  action  of  the  Legislature  that  adopted  the 
fifteenth  amendment  were  passed,  amounting, 
of  course,  to  nothing  but  an  expression  ot  oppo- 
sition on  the  part  of  those  who,  for  the  time, 
happened  to  be  in  power,  against  the  course  of 
action  adopted  by  tho  Republican  party,  through 
the  action  of  the  National  Legislature  and  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  after  the  close  of  the 
war,  to  secure  and  perpetuate  its  results  in  the 
nation.  It  is  hardly  likely  that  those  ailvisiiig, 
or  those  perpetrating  this  act,  expected  it  to  do 
more  than  this;  certainly  if  they  did  their  fore- 
sight proved  to  be  a  very  shortsight.  as  the 
"  comet "  swept  on  notwithstanding  this  •'  bull  " 
against  it. 

In  other  respects  the  administration  of  Gov- 
ernor Grover  found  no  paucity  of  matters  of 
excitement  and  interest.  Invcstigntions  by  a 
commission  of  the  Legislature  were  made  into 
the  official  conduct  of  the  previous  administra- 
tion. With  the  exception  of  discovering  a  de- 
falcation of  several  thousand  dollars  in  the  office 
of  the  secretary  of  State,  the  commission  found 
nothing  that  even  instense  partisan  rivalry  could 
construe  into  official  malfeasance.  This  defal- 
cation made  it  necessary  for  the  bondsmen  of 
the  secretary  to  reimburse  the  State  very  much 
to  their  own  financial  injury,  and,  in  a  case  or 
two,  to  their  ruin. 

Quite  a  number  of  measures  important  to  the 
welfare  of  the  State,  as  well  as  showing  its  prog- 
ress, was  inaugurated  during  this  administration. 
Tbe  treasury  was  in  ample  funds  when  it  be- 
gan, nearly  enough  money  being  there  to  defray 


1^8 


HISTORY    OF    OHKOON. 


i\w  expenses  of  the  (lovermiu-iit  for  tlie  next 
two  years,  l-p  to  this  time  the  liegishitiire  had 
not  seen  it  jioexible  to  enter  upo!i  tiie  construc- 
tion of  a  Capitol,  or  the  estalilishinent  of  State 
institutions,  i)nt  tiie  way  seeineil  open  now,  and 
Mr.  Grover  and  tlie  Lefiislatiire  were  not  slow 
in  tiikin<^  a<lvantape  of  the  condition  in  which 
they  fonnd  the  treasury,  to  make  their  rule 
illustrious  for  interest  in  the  real  welfare  and 
progress  of  the  commonwealth.  In  this  tliey 
were  right;  nor  does  this  statement  imply  that 
there  was  anything  sinister  in  their  motives  or 
action  in  these  regards.  An  act  fti)propriating 
^lOOjOOO  as  a  capitol  building-fund  was  passed. 
A  State  I'niversity  was  locati'd  at  Ku^ene  City, 
conditioned  that  the  site  and  buildings  should 
be  provided  free  of  cost  to  the  State.  An  agri- 
cultural college  was  established  in  connection 
witli  an  already  established  academy  or  college  at 
Corvallis,  l)y  providing  for  the  payment  of  the 
tuition  of  students  by  the  State.  And.  in  addi- 
tion to  these  things,  in  this  period  occurred  the 
"Modoc  war,'"  elsewhere  treated  of  in  this  vol- 
ume. These  things  made  the  administration  of 
Mr.  Grover  one  of  the  most  active  and  aggressive 
of  all  in  the  history  of  the  State,  if  we  except 
that  of  (lovernor  Gibbs,  which  covered  the 
period  of  the  civil  war. 

The  election  of  1872  for  members  of  the  Leg- 
islature was  important  for  two  reasons;  First, 
a  United  States  senator  was  to  be  elected  to  suc- 
ceed Senator  Corbitt,  and  the  acts  of  the  former 
Jx'gislature  were  to  pass  in  review  before  the 
people — the  ultimate  and  right  power  in  politics 
and  government.  The  result  of  the  election  was 
to  give  the  majority  of  the  Legislature  to  the 
J{e|)ublicans,  which,  of  course,  gave  to  that 
party  the  senator.  Wiien  the  Legislature  met 
Hon.  J.  IL  Mitchell  was  chosen  to  tliat  eminent 
jilace. 

Mr.  Mitchell  came  to  Oregon  in  1860  from 
rennsylvania.  where  he  had  practiced  law  for 
for  .several  years.  lie  was  young,  brilliant,  loyal 
to  the  Union  cause,  and  was  not  long  in  gaining 
pojiularity  and  securing  influence  in  liis  party 
aiid  among  the  jjcople.      In  18(5-1  he  was  elected 


State  senator  from  Mtiltnomah  county,  made 
president  of  that  body,  and  from  that  time  was 
a  leader  in  politics  in  the  State.  His  service  in 
the  Senate  was  marked  by  devotion  to  his  con- 
stituency, retnarkable  energy  and  activity,  and 
he  sliowed  ability  to  handle  the  most  ditlicult 
(juestions  of  State  or  national  politics.  It  is 
slight  praise  to  say  that  he  served  his  State  ably 
and  faithfidly;  but  this  is  all  that  is  necessary 
to  say  now,  and  all  that  can  well  be  said  witii- 
out  antici|)ating  tlie  course  of  events  whoso  rec- 
ord is  to  follow. 

An  era  of  |)olitical  tinctuation  had  now  set  in. 
The  two  parties  were  so  evenly  divided  that  for- 
tuitous or  personal  causes  easily  swung  the  deli- 
cately poised  beam  to  the  one  or  to  the  other 
side.  So  when  another  United  States  senator 
was  to  be  elected,  in  1876,  the  Democrats  were 
again  in  the  majority  in  the  Legislature.  After 
(juite  a  contest  between  the  friends  of  Mr. 
Grover  and  J.  N.  Nv;..mith  of  that  party,  and 
Jesse  Applegate  for  the  Republicans,  Mr. 
Grover  was  elected,  and  in  February,  1877,  he 
re8igi\ed  the  office  of  governor,  and  Mr.  S.  F. 
Chadwick,  the  secretary  of  State,  succeeded  to 
tlie  duties  of  governor. 

We  cannot  properly  dismiss  the  period  covered 
by  the  administration  of  Governor  Grover  with 
out  some  reference  to  one  of  the  most  exciting 
political  events  that  ever  occurred  it:  Oregon,  in 
connection  with  the  election  of  President  Hayes 
in  1876.  As  ours  is  not  designed  to  be  a  ])olitical 
history  further  than  to  give  the  continuity  and 
import  of  political  events  in  a  general  way,  we 
cannot  treat  of  it  in  its  legal  relations,  and 
hence  give  only  a  condensed  statement  of  facts. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  result  of  the  presi- 
dential election  of  1870  Ijetween  Mr.  Tilden  and 
Mr.  Hayes  was  long  in  disptite,  and,  for  a  time, 
seemed  likely  to  again  plunge  the  nation  again 
into  civil  war.  Congress  found  an  anomalous 
way  to  compose  the  stringent  difficulty  by  the 
appointnuiut  of  an  "electoral  commission,"  con- 
sisting of  senators,  representatives,  and  Judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  by 
which  the  various  questions    that   involved   the 


iirsToin   OF  o/ifcaoN. 


m 


c.luctioii  sliuiild  U)  (lutci'iiiined.  Tliu  IStiite  uf 
Oregon  becaiiio  involved  in  tiie  dispute  in  tliia 
wiBe: 

Tiio  State  cast  itb  vote,  by  a  cunsiderui)ln 
majority,  for  the  Kopublicaii  candidates  for 
electors.  One  of  these,  .1.  W.  Watts,  chanced 
to  hold  the  office  of  iiostinostcr  in  the  little 
country  town  in  which  ho  resided.  Legally  a 
man  holding  a  United  States  office  cannot  be 
made  an  elector  of  president  and  vice-president. 
This  fact,  and  the  fact  that  Mr.  Watts  held  such 
an  office,  escaped  all  mention  until  after  the 
election  had  been  held,  when  it  was  discovered 
that  he  was  ineligible.  On  making  this  dis- 
covery Mr.  Watts  resigned  his  office  of  post- 
master, and  when  the  electors  met  to  cast  their 
vote  for  president  and  vice-president,  in  the 
manner  provided  by  law,  they  first  proceeded  to 
elect  a  presidential  elector  in  the  place  of  the 
ineligible  postmaster.  Mr.  Watts,  having  re- 
signed his  office  of  postmaster,  was  now  eligible 
and  was  chosen  to  the  place  for  which  the  people 
had  designated  him  at  the  election.  The  Demo- 
cratic governor  and  secretary  of  State  refused  to 
certify  to  the  election  of  Mr.  Watts,  but  gave 
their  certiiicate  of  election  to  Mr.  Cronin, 
the  Democratic  candidate  for  elector  who  had 
the  highest  number  of  votes.  One  electoral 
vote  either  way  would  tnrn  the  presidential 
election.  If  Mr.  Watts'  vote  was  counted,  Mr. 
Hayes  was  elected.  If  Mr.  Cronin's,  then  Mr. 
Tilden  was  elected.  The  prize  was  a  great  one, 
and  the  feeling  and  excitement  in  Oregon,  and 
indeed  throughout  the  Union,  were  intense,  a 
it  can  easily  be  seen  on  the  barest  outline  of 
the  facts,  they  wonld  be.  Criminations  and  re- 
criminations that  bore  most  bitter  fruits  of 
personal  enmities,  that  years  did  not  heal,  were 
freely  made. 

The  question  went,  with  otliers,  befor-i  tlie 
electoral  commission,  which  decided  that  the 
three  electoral  votes  of  Oregon  should  be  counted 
for  II.  B.  Hayes,  and  this  decision  made  him 
president  of  the  United  States  by  a  majority  of 
one    vote.     It   is    not    necessary    to  enter  into 


further  detail  uf  this  strange  and  exciting 
chapter  of  the  political  history  of  Oregon. 

Mr.  (trover's  election  to  the  Senate  left  S.  F. 
(Jhadwick  acting  governor  for  the  remainder  of 
the  term.  He  was  a  careful  and  prudent  man, 
and  gave  the  people  on  the  whole  a  sa\ififactory 
administration.  During  his  administration  the 
eastern  part  of  the  State  was  severely  afflicted 
by  Indian  depredations,  of  which  an  account 
will  be  found  in  the  chapters  on  •>  Indian  wars," 
and  hence  need  not  be  further  referred  to  here. 

The  close  of  the  term  of  Mr.  Chadwick  left 
the  conditions  of  parties  and  politics  in  tiie 
State  so  far  removed  from  the  intense  excite- 
ments that  attended  and  followed  the  period  of 
the  civil  war,  that  but  little  remains  to  note  of 
their  history  further  than  a  succession  of  alter- 
nate successes  and  defeats  of  both  the  great 
political  parties,  that  practically  meant  little 
more  than  exchange  of  offices  and  emoluments. 
In  1870,  Mr.  J.  U.  Slater,  Democrat,  of  eastern 
Oregon,  succeeded  J.  S.  Smith  as  representative 
in  Congress;  and  in  1872  Joseph  G.  Wilson 
was  elected  to  succeed  Mr.  Slater.  Mr.  Wilson 
went  East  some  time  before  the  date  of  the 
meeting  of  Congress,  the  better  to  prepare  him- 
self for  the  duties  of  his  plsce  and  meet  the  ex- 
pectations of  the  State,  i)ut  sickened  and  died 
before  Congress  convened,  in  December,  deeply 
and  sincerely  mourned  by  the  people  of  his 
State.  He  was  well  adapted  to  the  ])lace  to 
which  the  people  had  elected  him,  and  would 
no  doubt  have  had  an  honorable,  if  not,  indeed, 
a  brilliant  career.  The  vacancy  thus  caused  was 
filled  by  the  election  of  J.  W.  Neamith,  at  a 
special  election.  Mr.  Nesmith  was  succeeded 
by  George  La  Dow,  who  also  died,  leaving  a 
vacancy,  which  was  filled  by  the  election  of 
Lafayette  Lane,  in  October,  1875.  The  last 
three  named  were  all  Democrats.  At  the  regu- 
lar election  in  1870,  Richard  Williams,  Repub- 
lican, was  elected  and  served  out  his  term  with 
credit  to  himself  ar.d  his  State. 

Mr.  Williams  was  the  first  man  who  had 
grown  up  in  Oregon,  received  his  education 
here,  anil  here  entered  active  life,  who  received 


I 


f 


IHO 


muTOIlY    OF    onmiON. 


I  :|i 


i    ■ 

Hi! 


i:i 


till'  ImiHir  of  an  elt'otiuii  to  unuli  lii^li  olliciHl 
p(ii«iti(.>ii  liy  tliu  ]ie(i|ilu  uf  Oregon.  In  xoino 
HtMist',  tlu'ii'fiirt',  his  I'lc'ction  iimrks  iin  oni,  and 
it  wu»  no  ftiimil  (listinction  to  be  tlie  first  wlui 
iiail  spent  liin  ho.yluxxl  and  joiitii  in  this  fiir- 
thett  Wost.  wiio  inid  bo  impressed  iiiniself  on 
those  Hnioiiif  wiioin  lie  was  reared  ik8  siiitahle  and 
((iiiilitied  to  represent  liis  State  in  a  Iwjdy  "f  sncli 
eniineiKM!  as  tliu  C'ongrees  of  the  Tnitinl  States. 

Mr.  Williams  was  BiieceecU'd  by  John  White- 
aker,a  Demoeraf,  wiiose  phiee  in  ( (rejron  history 
was  seenred  by  beiiijr  elected  the  lirst  governor 
(if  the  State,  lie  was  succeeded  by  Hon.  M. 
('.  (ieor>;e,  elected  in  1880,  and  re-elected  in 
1882. 

Mr.  (ieor^e,  like  Mr.  AVillianiR,  grew  up  and 
was  educated  in  Oregon.  A  lawyer  by  profes- 
sion, and  a  man  of  excellent  character,  he  was 
well  qualified  to  fill  the  place  to  which  he  was 
chosen,  and  the  fact  that  lie  was  returned  as  his 
own  successor — a  thinif  that  had  never  occurred 
in  (Jregon  before — shows  that  he  did  so.  If 
this  were  the  place  to  speak  extendedly  of  men 
yet  comparatively  young,  much  niif^ht  be  said 
of  him,  as  well  as  others,  who  are  here  spoken 
of  with  only  a  few  sentences. 

In  1878  Hon.  W.  \V.  Thayre,  Democrat,  was 
elected  governor.  In  1882  he  was  followed  by 
Hon.  Z.  V.  Moody,  a  Ue|)ublican.  The  adujin- 
istrations  of  both  of  these  men  were  creditable. 
There  was  nothing  of  special  interest,  either  |X)- 
liticai  or  economic,  to  distinguish  them,  or  to  lift 
the  times  in  which  they  served  out  of  the  aver- 
ai;e  level  of  routine  service.  Probably,  for  this 
reason,  they  really  served  their  State  better  than 
some  of  those  wliose  names,  owing  to  the  times 
on  which  their  administrations  fell,  were  oftener 
on  the  tongue  of  the  orator  or  the  pen  of  the 
writer.  In  188(5  Sylvester  Pennoyer,  a  Demo- 
crat, was  elected  governor,  and  he  was  re-elected 
in  18'J0,  hut,  as  he  is  at  this  writinjj;  in  Decern 
her,  1892,  still  ii»  office  we  make  no  further 
reference  either  to  himself  personally  or  to  his 
administration. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  Hon.  Binder 
lleruiann,    Republican,    succeeded   Mj*.   M.  C. 


(ieorge.  His  services  iiave  so  commended  him 
to  bis  party,  as  well  as  the  |H!ople  of  his  State, 
that  he  has  been  re-elected  at  every  Congrea- 
sional  election  sini^e  1882,  and  is  still  represent- 
ing his  State  in  Congress. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature  in  1882 
there  was  a  long  and  somewhat  bitter  contest 
for  the  scnatorship.  The  Legislature  was  Re- 
publican, but  a  portion  of  tliat  party  refused 
to  support  Hon.  J.  II.  Mitchell  for  the  place. 
At  almost  the  last  moments  of  the  session  of 
the  Legislature  Mr.  Mitchell  withdrew,  it  being 
clear  that  there  would  be  tio  election  if  he  did 
not,  and  his  fortuer  law  partner,  lion.  J.  H, 
Dolph,  was  elected.  Mr.  Dolpli,  six  years 
later,  was  electeil  for  his  second  term.  In  1885, 
however,  Mr.  Mitchell  was  also  elected  senator, 
and  in  18*J1  he  was  also  elected  as  his  own  suc- 
cessor. 

Having  given  some  notice  of  Mr.  Mitchell 
on  a  previous  page,  it  would  hardly  be  right  to 
close  this  page  without  some  more  extended  note 
of  Mr.  Dolph,  his  colleague  in  the  Senate;  and 
the  more  because  he  has  had  the  indorsemetit  of 
his  State  for  two  successive  terms  in  the  highest 
legislative  l)ody  in  the  nation. 

Mr.  Dolph  is  a  lawyer,  having  l)een  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  western  New  York,  whore  lie  was 
educated  in  Genesee  College.  He  came  to 
Oregon  in  1862  and  settled  in  Portland,  where 
he  soon  acquired  protninence  in  his  profession, 
and  accumulated  quite  a  fortune.  He  had  oc- 
cupied many  public  positions,  before  his  elec- 
tion to  the  Senate,  and  at  the  the  time  of  his  elec- 
tion was  attorney  for  and  vice-president  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  He  re- 
signed these  places,  however,  at  once,  and  had 
directed  his  abilities  with  great  earnestness  to 
the  service  of  his  State  and  the  country  at  large 
since  that  time.  In  the  Senate  he  has  acquired 
great  influence  from  his  general  ability,  his 
thorough  attention  to  business,  and  the  excel- 
lence of  his  personal  character. 

But  one  thing  remains  to  be  noted  in  this 
sketch  of  the   political  history  of  the  State  of 


wmmmmiumtmim 


nisTouY  OF  ousaoy. 


181 


Oregon,   nnrl   that  i«  tlie  ponrsoof  its  nction  to- 
WHrd  imtioiml  |M)litic8. 

Its  first  votu  ill  ii  presiijeiitirtl  election  '"as  in 
1S6(I,  when  tlio  voice  of  the  State  was  in  favor 
of  Aliraiiain  Lincoln,  and  it  re[wnteU  that  choice, 
with  added  enipliaais,  in  18f)4.  In  \6\\H  and  in 
1872   it  east  its  vote  for  General  Grant,    and 


in  187«  for  K.  B.  Ilnyes.  At  the  election  of 
1880  (ieneral  (4arfield  received  its  vote,  sh  <lid 
Mr.  I'laine  in  18*S4,  and  (Joiieral  Harrison  in 
1888.  In  181)2  three  eloctors  were  chosen  for 
Mr.  Harrison,  and  otie,  by  a  coniliination  of  tlio 
Democrats  and  Fopidists,  for  Mr.  Weaver. 


-^■^^ 


CHAPTER  XX. 

OKEGON  AS  A  STATE,  CONTINUED. 

CoURflK  OP  National  Pbookess — Gknerai,  Condition  of  tiik  State — Limits  of  Sktti.emknts  vv 
TO  1861 — -Gold  Disooveuiks — Gkeat  Piulic  E.xcitkme.vt— Gkeat  Ki.ood  of  1861 — Exoi>i:s 
TO  the  Mines — Eastern  Oukcjon — Powder  Rivkk  Valley — Grande  Uonde  Valley — First 
lIoME-BuiLUKR — Names  of  Counties — Counrty  hetween  the  Cascades  and  Hlue  Mount- 
ains— The  Klamath  Lake  Country. 


IIIILE  these  political  events  had  been 
transpiring,  Oregon  had  been  changing 
and  improving  materially  in  a  very 
marked  degree.  When  she  laid  off  the  garb  of 
Territorial  dependence  and  assumed  the  author 
ity  of  independent  Statehood,  her  population 
hardly  exceeded  50,000.  Her  largest  cities 
were  but  provincial  villages.  She  was  isolated, 
without  any  means  of  rapid  communication 
with  the  great  Eastern  cities.  Weeks  and  some- 
times months  must  pass  before  the  happenings 
'of  the  great  world  could  find  a  place  in  the 
columns  of  her  local  press.  There  was  little 
enterprise,  for  there  was  really  little  call  for 
enterprise.  With  one  of  the  most  productive 
countries  on  the  globe,  the  paople  were  so  far 
from  the  world's  markets,  and  it  was  so  impos 
sible  to  reach  them,  that  there  was  no  incite- 
ment to  enterprising  production.  The  home 
market  was  limited:  a  few  small  towns,  an 
occasional  sea-going  vessel,  or  a  small  demand 
for  some  of  the  products  of  the  State  in  Cali- 
fornia,  were   all.     Indeed,   this    remained    the 


condition  of  things  for  some  years  after  Oregon 
became  a  State.  Population  increased  but 
slowly.  Contiguous  Territories  made  consider- 
able drafts  on  the  population  of  tlie  State,  and 
from  the  time  the  great  emigrations  of  1852 
and  1853  rirrived  in  the  country,  for  ten  years 
at  least  the  future  of  the  State  was  a  problem 
that  vexed  the  wisest  and  most  far-seeing 
among  us.  All  Telt  that  some  new  impul.^e  of 
immigration  must  be  felt,  bringing  people  and 
capital  and  enterprise  into  the  country,  or  those 
who  were  here  would  have  to  wait  through  the 
slow  years  of  natural  increase  of  population  for 
the  materials  out  of  which  to  build  a  real  State. 
A  political  one  could  be  made  by  acts  of  Con- 
gress, but  a  real  one  could  only  grow  into  being 
and  power.  It  must  be  confessed  the  prospects 
of  tlie  future  were  not  flattering  as  the  early 
'608  dawned  upon  Oregon. 

Up  to  1861  the  settlements  of  Oregon  were 
mainly  confined  to  the  region  west  of  the  Cas- 
cade mountains,  including  the  Willamette,  Urnp- 
qua  and   Rogue  river  valleys.     A  few  families 


iHa 


ntSTOHV    OF    OHKnnN. 


■ 


i!|i 
i|i: 


ro6i(lu*l  III  tilt'  l>all<-''.  wlit'n' WM  H  Diniill  villii^u, 
ilcpfiuliiif;  mostly  on  the  fiipport  of  a  iiiilitHi-y 
pout  which  liml  Ufii  i-»talili«iie<l  there,  and  ii 
little  fringe  of  "raiu'he*"  on  the  Binall  creek* 
that  flow  out  of  the  ('a»cad«'  raiif^i-  south  of  the 
Dalles,  constituted  nearly  all  of  the  jxjpiilation 
of  castorn  Oregon,  or  in  much  over  half  of  the 
area  of  the  State.  Much  of  this  region  had  not 
lieen  cmisidercd  siiitaMc  for  agricultnral  piir- 
suitx,  and  valiialile  only  »tt  extensive  cattle 
rii'iges,  where  iiniienlol  hands  co;ii<l  roam  iit 
Will  over  ureat  extents  of  territory.  For  this 
reason  tiie  immigrants  had  nu>stly  passed  it  by 
iitid  Imstened  onward  to  the  greener  vales  west 
III'  the  mountains,  leaving  its  vast  and  rolling 
upland  prairies  in  their  unoccupied  solitudes. 
This  was  not  only  true  of  eastern  Oregon,  hr.t 
of  eastern  Washini^ton  ai-  well,  and  these  then 
included  the  present  State  of  Idaiio.  Dut  the 
time  Imd  come  when  the  instincts  of  enterprise 
and  advtMitiire  which  had  im|>elled  tlie  pioneers 
of  th'3  Northwest  on  their  search  for  a  better 
couiitrv  across  the  continent  at  the  first,  would 
turn  the  tide  of  einii^ration  back  again  eastward, 
and  its  retluent  spray  would  touch  and  fertilixe 
and  fructify  the  vales  and  hills  of  eastern  Ore- 
fjon.  When  tliis  instinct  l>egan  to  impel,  the 
occasion  for  its  gratification  soon  offered. 

In  the  siunmer  of  1860  a  number  of  com- 
panies of  what,  in  coa-st  parlance,  are  called 
"  prospectors,"  were  tracing  and  intertracing  all 
the  mountain  ranges  and  gorges  of  the  country 
cast  of  the  Cascade  mountains,  from  Fraser's 
river  in  liritish  Columbia  to  Klamath  lake.  In 
many  places  gold  w.is  iliscovered.  and  in  some 
localities  the  discoveries  were  of  startling, 
almost  fabulous,  richness.  This  was  particu- 
larly the  case  on  some  brandies  of  the  Clear- 
water river,  in  what  is  now  northern  Idaho. 
The  announcement  of  these  discoveries  in  the 
Willamette  valley  awakeneil  the  greatest  inter- 
est, and  hundreds  of  men  soon  joined  the  pros- 
pectoi's  in  the  mountains.  l>ut  it  remained  for 
the  summer  of  1861  to  set  the  country  in  a 
fever  of  excitement  over  the  golden  dream. 
The  mines  of  Salmon  river,  or  what  were  soon 


calletl  >'  Florence  mines,"  were  discovereil,  and 
the  stories  told  of  their  wiialth  made  them  rival 
the  most  wonderful  productions  of  California 
•luring  the  golden  era  o'  lS4it-'60.  Thousandn 
of  dollars  could  be  gathered  in  a  day.  Nor 
were  these  stories  all  untrue.  Ueally  an  almost 
fabiiljus  amount  of  gold  was  taken  from  tiie 
gulches  of  Florence,  in  the  very  tops  of  the 
Salmon  river  mountains,  in  a  few  weeks.  Of 
course  while  ten  found  golden  wealth,  thousands 
found  only  sandy  poverty  in  the  mines,  lint 
only  the  story  of  the  ten  was  published,  and  it 
stirred  the  people  of  the  Willamette  into  a 
phrensy  of  adventure.  (Jold!  gold!  was  the 
note  ringing  in  everybody's  ear,  and  from 
everybody's  tongue.  All  over  western  Oregon 
the  farmers,  the  niechanies,  the  lawyers,  the 
doctors,  the  ministers,  were  soon  in  preparation 
for  "  Florence,"  a  name  synonymous  with  gold, 
at  that  time,  over  the  Northwest.  However, 
as  it  was  now  growing  toward  autumn,  and  the 
people  well  knew  the  rigors  of  the  winters  in 
the  snowy  height-  of  the  interior,  only  a 
comparative  few  ventured  the  winter  journey 
thitherward. 

The  winter  of  1861-'02  in  Oregon  was,  in 
some  respects,  the  hardest  and  most  ilisastrous 
of  record  in  Oregon.  It  began  with  heavy  rains 
in  the  valleys  in  November,  which  were  deep 
snows  in  the  surrounding  mountain  ranges. 
About  the  last  of  November,  though  the  rains 
continued  unabated  in  violence,  the  weather  be- 
came very  warm,  so  that  the  snows  on  the  mount- 
ains melted  away  almost  in  a  night  and  poured  , 
their  floods  down  into  the  valleys  through  every 
creek  and  gorge  and  hollow  in  roaring  rivers. 
The  result  was  the  great  valleys  were  inundate<l. 
The  Willamette  became  like  the  Columbia  and 
the  Columbia  like  the  sea.  Many  mills  and 
manufactories  wore  washed  away.  Farms  on 
the  bottom  lands  were  cleared  of  buildings, 
fences,  stock,  everything.  To  add  to  the  ca- 
lamity of  the  winter,  about  Christmas,  an  un- 
precedented snow  came  down,  covering  the 
country  from  one  to  two  feet  deep.  This  re- 
mained on  the  ground  for  one  or   two  months. 


lllsrottY    OF    oltKUON. 


IMJt 


In  B  euuntry  wliuru  tlio  t'urincr  had  made  little 
provision  for  the  ftttsd  of  hi*  ttock  this  whb  bh 
bad  UB  liiid  hi'i'ti  tho  |ir(>cf(liti^  Itoud.  When 
Mui'(;h  ciiiiiu  in  liiitidreilN  were  in  povui'ty  who  a 
({imrtor  uf  a  year  liofore  wure  in  comfort  and 
oven  in  urtliienco.  Nt.ii  np  to  tlmt  time, — 
ntwLT  since  that  time  iiattMic  i  n  winter  fiillen  in 
Oregon. 

Wiien  sprinfj  en  ■  the  hnndreds  who  had 
siid'ered  Iohhi'm  d  .g  the  winter  joined  tlie 
other  liundredii  or  thouMiii  Is  wiio  iiad  already 
plnnned  to  go,  and  the  H|iM.sf^  of  18(!2  naw  a 
literal  lu>gira  from  the  VVillamotto  valley  nnd 
from  HOiithern  Oregon  to  the  Salmon  river 
mines.  Nor  were  those  who  went  only  the 
reckless  adventurers  who  float  everywhcii  like 
the  light  foam  of  the  waves,  but  the  solid,  sub- 
stantial business  men  of  the  State  as  well. 
Among  them  were  hundreds  of  the  staid  farmers, 
who  liad  plowed  the  prairies  of  Illinois  or  Iowa, 
or  Missouri,  before  they  turned  the  sod  of  the 
Willamette  valley.  The  went  both  for  the  gold 
of  the  mines  and  to  examine  the  country,  if, 
perchance,  they  might  not  find  some  favored 
spot,  where  they  might  set  up  anew  their  broken 
and  devastated  hoii^e-altars,  and  recover  what 
they  had  lost.  It  was  not  only  a  gold-seeker's 
crusade,  but  an  eastward  movement  of  families 
and  communities  into  a  new  land. 

At  first  the  trend  of  this  emigration  was 
northward  into  the  eastern  part  of  Washington 
Territory.  The  new  mines  were  there;  both  the 
gold  for  the  miner  and  the  market  for  the  farm- 
er. Hence,  there  they  went.  During  the  sum- 
mer, however,  parties  rummaging  the  hills, 
discc  .'ered  equally  valuable  mines  in  eastern 
Oregoii,  on  Powder  river  and  John  Day's  river, 
and  in  the  contiguous  Blue  mountain  range,  as 
well  as  in  what  is  noW  Idaho,  on  the  Snake  river 
slopes  of  the  Salmon  river  mountains  in  Boise 
basin.  These  discoveries  turned  the  flow  of 
this  human  movement  through  the  valleys  of 
Grande  Ronde,  Powder  river,  Payette,  Boise  and 
John  Day's,  largely  along  the  very  roads  so 
many  of  the  people  had  traveled  when  they  had 
entered   Oregon  as   immigrants  in  the  '408  and 


'uOh.  .So  the  summer  and  autumn  of  IMtl'i  saw 
eastern  Oregon  alive  with  white-faced  nomads, 
trailiiigover  every  valley,  climliing  every  mount- 
ain, pt^netrating  every  jungle.  camjM'd  by  every 
water-course,  ringing  their  jiicks  against  evtiry 
rock,  seeking  for  gold, — that  siiiew  of  war  and 
conservator  of  peace. 

Oradually  these  reamers  liegan  to  concentrate 
about  more  fav4ired  "cmnpH."  Auluirn.  on 
Powder  river,  grew  infoacityof  thousamls  in  a 
few  weeks.  Caflon  t-ity,  on  John  Day's  river, 
nearly  equaled  it.  Idaho  City,  in  Boitie  biisiii, 
exceeded  it.  These  were  the  chief  mining 
camps  of  that  great  interior  Oregon;  and  it  is 
probable  their  supt^riors  as  placer  diggings  have 
not  existed  on  the  Pacifle*coa8t.  In  addition, 
there  were  hundreds  of  tinaller  camps  in  nearly 
every  valley  of  the  Blue  and  Snr.ke  rivnr  mount- 
ains. 

It  will  Ik.'  impossible  for  us  to  trace  statisti- 
cally and  circumstantially  the  history  of  the 
mining  o{)erationsof  this  vast  region.  It  would 
require  onr  volume  entire  to  do  so.  But  that 
history  was  so  connected  with  tho  permanent 
settlement  of  the  greater  Oregon  that  it  must 
needs  have  had  thip  general  (itatoinent. 

Although  a  large  proportion  of  the  men  who 
were  now  the- gold -seekers  in  the  mountains  of 
eastern  Oregon  had  passed  through  the  same 
region  as  immigrants  yet  these  found,  as  they 
now  revisited  it  under  different  circumstances, 
that  their  former  estimate  of  the  country  was 
an  erroneous  one.  Then  they  were  worn  with 
months  of  weary  travel  over  the  interior  des- 
erts, where  the  nightly  bivouac  and  the  sleep- 
less guard-mounts  had  kept  their  nerve.s  on  a 
wearying  tension  and  ever  anxious  for  the 
safety  of  their  wives  and  children  to  get  through 
the  country  into  the  fancy-pictured  vales  of  the 
farther  West  as  speedily  as  possible.  Nothing 
held  beauty  for  their  eyes  nor  hope  for  their 
hearts  but  those.  For  them  this  was  a  region 
to  be  gotten  through  and  gotten  out  as  of 
quickly  as  possible.  Now  they  came  at  leisure. 
Their  wives  and  children  were  safely  houei-d  in 
the  valleys  to  which,  before,  they  so  impatiently 


184 


iiisrouY  OF  (jHnaoN. 


liRstened.  The  jtaradise  of  tlieir  dreams  "  on 
the  plains  "  was  not  yet  found.  Hence  tliey 
Were  prepared  the  better  to  appreciate  what 
there  was  of  beauty  and  of  promise  in  this 
very  region  which  their  feet  had  spurned  so 
impatiently  before.  It  yet,  in  the  summer  of 
1802,  lay  with  its  virjfin  bosom  bare  toward  the 
skies.  As  these  seekers  after  gold,  and,  if  this 
were  not  found,  any  kind  of  material  better- 
ment, pa.ssed  over  the  green  hills  of  I'mHtilla, 
or  through  the  ])iny  glades  of  the  Blue  mount- 
ains, or  across  the  waving  meadows  of  Grande 
Konde,  or  up  the  swinging  wilhiwy  valley  of 
Powder  river,  thoughts  of  a  bcatitiful  home- 
making  tonclied  them,  for  with  all  his  adventur- 
ousness,  your  true  jftoiieer  is  an  intense  lover  of 
home  and  wife  and  children.  What  might  be, 
entered  his  mind  and  a  new  and  enlarged  home- 
life  rose  to  his  vision. 

There  was  yet  another  cause  operating  to 
hasten  the  speedy  occupancy  of  these  eastern 
Oregon  regions  this  year.  The  stories  of  great 
wealth  in  the  mines  had  readied  the  Eastern 
States  and  a  large  emigration  entered  Oregon 
from  beyond  the  Uocky  mountains.  Then  the 
war,  with  its  devastations  and  bitterness,  led 
thousands  to  leave  some  parts  of  the  Western 
and  Southwestern  States,  not  always  from  pa- 
triotic motives.  Missouri  especially,  sent  hun- 
dreds of  men  who  had  been  in  the  armies  of 
I'rico  and  Van  Dorn  and  McCullough,  and  were 
glad  to  get  away  from  the  perils  of  the  conflict; 
at  best  they  did  not  leave  their  rebel  principles 
behind  them  wlien  they  left.  As  this  array  of 
j)eople  came  into  eastern  Oregon,  they  scattered 
over  Powder  river  and  Grande  Ronde  valleys,  and 
sprayed  somewhat  through  the  Blue  mountains 
and  along  tlie  Tmatilla  and  John  Day's,  so  that, 
between  the  gold-seekers  from  the  West  and  the 
emigrants  from  the  East,  when  the  winter  of 
18t)2-'()3  settled  down  there  was  quite  a  popu- 
lation east  of  the  Hhu)  mountains  and  within 
the  State  of  Oregon. 

The  region  of  country  into  which  these  peo- 
ple had  entered  as  settlers  and  home-makers  has 
been  somewhat  noticed  in  our  chapter  on   the 


topography  of  the  State,  but  a  few  special  ob- 
servations concerning  it  ought  to  be  made  here. 
The  two  valleys  that  earliest  drew  the  favorable 
attention  of  those  who  traveled  through  the 
country  were  Powder  river  and  Grande  lionde. 
The  immigrants  reached  Powder  river  soon  after 
leaving  the  gray  sage  deserts  of  Snake  river, 
and  to  them  it  seemed  as  an  oasis  in  a  Sahara, 
as  it  really  was.  As  they  drove  their  weary 
oxen  up  the  eastern  slope  of  a  dry  and  rocky 
hill  to  its  summit,  and  saw  before  them  the 
green  and  beautiful  plain  through  whose  center 
the  willowed  thread  of  Powder  river  was  glanc- 
ing away  northward  for  thirty  miles,  they  could 
but  stop  and  gaze  and  wonder  and  admire.  The 
valley,  ten  miles  in  width  and  nearly  thirty  in 
length,  was  all  within  the  range  of  vision.  Just 
across  it,  springing  abruptly  from  its  western 
margin,  the  granite  pinnacles  of  the  Blue  mount- 
ains shot  sharply  up  in  alpine  abruptness  and 
roughnes.  from  5,000  to  8,000  feet  above  its 
emerald  bosom,  their  sides  blue  with  pines, 
through  which,  in  places,  avalanches  of  rock 
and  snow  had  plowed  deep  and  wide  furrows  to 
their  very  base.  In  the  soft  haze  of  an  early 
September  afternoon,  in  1853,  when  the  writer 
tirst  looked  upon  it,  this  Si, 'med  an  enchanted 
vale  in  its  gracefulness  of  outline  and  its  strong 
enframement  by  its  mountain  bordering.  The 
valley  has  higli  altitude,  being  something  over 
3,000  feet  above  the  tide,  but  the  sunshine 
kisses  its  bosom  with  fruitful  warmth  through 
an  atmosphere  of  amber  purity. 

Grande  Ronde  valley  lies  north  of  Powder 
river,  and  is  separated  from  it  by  a  range  of  un- 
timbered  hills — spurs  of  the  Blue  mountains — 
which  are  on  either  side  of  both.  Its  altitude 
is  about  500  feet  lower  than  ti.'-t  of  Powder 
river,  itssizesomewhatgreater,  and  the  timbered 
mountair\8  crowd  it  a  little  closer  on  the  east. 
It  has  a  length  of  thirty-five  miles  and  a  breadth 
of  sixteen.  Through  it,  in  every  form  of  grace- 
ful curve  and  careless  meander,  runs  the  Grande 
Ronde  river  and  its  many  and  beautiful  bratiches 
away  toward  the  north.  At  the  time  of  wliich 
we    write,  half  of   its   surface    was  a  swaying 


m 
f  ■ 


Hiyroiiy  of  ohkgon. 


188 


luoadow  of  native  red-to|)  (and  clovi-r,  and  tlip 
other  half  a  gently  rolling  prairie  of  grassy  up- 
land. It  would  be  inipofsiblo  to  coin  phrases 
to  paint  its  beauty  to  the  imagination  of  one 
wiiose  eye  has  never  reveled  in  such  scenic  lov- 
liness.  And  it  was  not  only  indescribably  lovely, 
but  for  the  reaper  and  the  mower  it  seemed  the 
ideal  land.  In  its  native  condition  there  was  a 
restful  home-likenesB  in  its  aspect  that  made  it 
the  most  loved  resort  of  the  noblest  Indian  tribe 
of  the  Northwest — the  brave  and  intelligent 
Nez  Perces.  Here  under  the  pines  and  the 
lindens  they  pitched  their  cleanliest  lodges,  and 
in  their  rude  festivities  whiled  away  the  glorious 
summers. 

The  first  home-builder  of  this  valley  was  Mr. 
Daniel  Chaplin,  who  made  a  location  in  the 
autumn  of  18(51,  and  took  up  his  residence  upon 
it  in  the  spring  of  1862,  and  where  he  laid  out 
the  city  of  La  Grande.  So  rapidly  did  popnla- 
lation  pour  into  these  valleys  from  both  east  and 
west  that,  at  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature 
of  Oregon,  Baker  connty,  iiicluding  them,  was 
organized,  which  was  soon  followed  by  a  division, 
that  covering  Grande  Ronde  valley  being  named 
Union.  The  upper  valley  of  John  Day's  river 
was  also  soon  made  Grant  county.  Though  all 
these  counties  were  strongly  Democratic,  as  a 
large  proportion  of  their  voters  were  said  to 
have  seen  service  in  the  Confederate  army,  yet 
the  Legislature  was  strongly  Union,  and  hence 
gave  the  signiticant  names  of  Grant,  Baker  and 
Union  to  them. 

Somewhat  singularly  in  the  settling  of  eastern 
Oregon  the  vast  region  between  the  Cascade  and 
Blue  mountains,  a  territory  of  over  100  miles 
in  width  and  250  miles  long  from  north  to  south 
remained  almost  untouched  for  u  number  of 
years.  Gradually,  however,  Lhe  pioiieers  began 
to  push  into  and  over  it.  Its  wide  plains  and 
rolling  hills  began  to  feel  the  sharp  cut  of  the 
plow,  and  the  wheat  fields  begai\  to  make  the 
autumn  yellow  and  mellow  with  golden  harvests. 
Still  settlement  was  greatly  retarded  by  the  fre- 
quent recurrence  of  Indian  hostilities,  of  which 
some  account  will  be  found  in  our  chapters  on 


the  Indian  wars  of  Oregon.  These  at  length 
ceased  by  the  removal  or  extermination  of  the 
Indians,  and  for  some  years  past  the  five 
counties  lying  north  of  the  divide  between  the 
waters  of  the  Columbia  and  those  that  How 
southward  and  westward  into  the  Sacramento 
or  the  Pacific,  namely,  Crook,  Gilliam,  Sher- 
man, Morrow  and  Wasco,  have  been  ranked 
among  the  desirable  agricultural  and  pastoral 
counties  of  the  State.  Two  more  counties  be- 
sides those  already  named,  Wallowa  in  the  ex- 
treme northeastern  corner  of  the  State,  and  Mal- 
heur in  the  eastern,  belong  to  this  department 
of  eastern  Oregon.  There  is  nothing  in  them, 
either  in  history  or  in  character,  that  so  differ- 
entiates them  from  the  others  as  to  require  any 
separate  notice.  Wallowa  was  the  home  of 
Chief  Joseph,  and  as  such  is  also  Mentioned  in 
the  chapter  on  Indian    wars. 

Lung  after  the  settlement  of  those  portions 
of  eastern  Oregon  mentioned  above  in  this 
chapter,  there  remained  a  vast  region  of  uimc- 
cupied  territory  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
State  that  was  almost  unknown.  It  extended 
from  the  northern  line  of  the  State  of  Nevada 
northward  well  up  to  the  southern  slopes  of  the 
Blue  mountains,  and  from  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains on  the  west  to  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
State,  and  included  not  far  from  half  of  its  area. 
It  is  the  great  lake  country  of  Oregon.  In  it 
are  Harney  lake,  Malheur  lake.  Silver  lake,  the 
Klamath  lake,  and  a  score  of  others,  scattered 
over  that  wonderful  and  lofty  basin  that  is 
without  visible  outlet  to  the  sea  except  ■'  the 
southwestern  corner,  where  Klamath  lake  sends 
out  the  Klamath  river  through  northern  Cali- 
fornia to  the  Pacific,  and  Goose  lake  supplies 
the  Sacramento  river  with  a  part  of  its  waters. 
This  region  was  so  remote  from  nsual  lines 
of  travel,  and  withal,  had  such  a  bad  fame  for 
its  barrenness  of  soil  and  inhospitality  of  cli- 
mate, together  with  the  treacherous  and  blood- 
thirsty reputation  of  the  Indians  that  roamed 
over  it,  that  few  ever  turned  their  thoughts 
toward  it  as  n  region  offering  any  inducements 
for  the  home-builder.     A  few  Government  ex- 


,i! 


180 


nrSTORY    OF    OREGON. 


plorers,  like  Fremont,  hud  ptissuil  over  ii  tew  of 
its  trails,  or  some  stooii  raisers,  looking  out  for 
new  and  wider  pastures  for  their  herds,  had 
ventured  within  its  borders,  hut  to  the  people 
of  Oregon  as  a  liody  it  was  a  terra  incognita, 
the  dangers  and  rngiredness  of  which  they  did 
not  care  to  hazard  for  any  promise  of  good  it 
offered  them. 

At  last  that  happened,  which  so  often  has 
liajipened  in  the  history  of  the  world:  war  made 
its  exploration  a  necessity  by  numbers  of  men, 
who  thus  became  acquainted  with  it  and  spread 
the  knowledge  they  haJ  xquired  in  the  march 
and  the  bivouac  and  battle  abroad,  so  that  a 
public  interest  was  awakened  in  it,  and  a  move- 
ment of  imn)iffrants  into  it  occurred.  They 
did  not  go  in  masses,  like  the  great  cavalcades 
that  entered  Oregon  and  California  from  184!) 
to  1853.  but  singly,  by  families,  by  neighbor- 
hoods, until  scattered  settlement  stretched  over 
its  broad  meadows  and  fringed  its  flowing 
streams.  Still  there  were  only  a  few  people  in 
all  its  borders  as  late  as  1876,  and  they  princi- 
pally confined  to  the  basin  of  Klamath  lake. 


In  the  closing  years  of  ^that  decade  and 
through  all  the  next,  there  was  a^slow  but  con- 
stant increase  of  population.  As  its  value  as  a 
grazing  country,  and  its  prospective  value  as  a 
grain  country,  when  it  shall  be  penetrated  by 
railroads,  has  become  better  known,  its  growth 
has  been  more  rapid.  Three  counties  have 
been  organized  in  it,  with  all  the  adjuncts 
and  paraphernalia  of  mimicipal  government. 
Schools  and  churches  are  established  where,  but 
a  decade  ago,  stood  the  smoky  wigwams  of  the 
Klamaths,  the  Modocs  and  the  Snakes.  The 
ubiquitous  "itinerant"  and  the  "schoolmaster" 
are  both  "abroad"  within  its  wide  borders,  and 
the  country  waits  only  the  fiery  dash  of  the  en- 
gine to  thrill  with  a  life  kindred  to  that  of  the 
most  active  and  prosperous  portions  of  the 
State.  With  the  opening  of  this  vast  region  to 
settlement  the  last  great  department  of  the 
State  was  occupied.  Still  within  its  boundaries 
the  population  is  but  sparsely  scattered,  and  it 
will  be  many  a  decade  before  the  homes  of  the 
people  will  crowd  each  other  in  this  great 
State. 


n I  STORY    OF    OJiEOO.X. 


187 


CIIAPTEK  XXI. 


OREGON  AH  A  STATE,  CONTINUKI). 

Era  OK  Railroads — DatkofUai'id  Imi'rovkmkni' — EImiobvnts — Government  Sub vkvino  Routks — 
1.  1.  Stkvens — Ct.  B.   M(^Cr,ENNAN — Local  Movements — Two  Companies  Organized — Work 

Commenced — Embarrassments — Ben  Holladay  Secures (3ontroi Work  I'DsiiEDwrriiCtKEAT 

ViooR — Holladay's  F'ailure — Henry  ViLLARi) — Opening  of  a  Transcontinental  Link  — 
Great  Kkioicino — Failure  of  Mr.  Villard — Progki:ss  in  Willamette  Valley — Eastern 
Oregon  Still  without  Railroads — Another  Line  Needed — Efforts  to  Secure  It — W.  W. 
Chapman — Mr.  Thielson— D.  P.  Thompson — Progress  of  Twenty  Years. 


fHE  date  from  which  the  rapid  improve- 
ment of  Oregon  began  may  properly  be 
called  the  era  of  railroads.  The  subject 
was  always  before  the  minds  of  the  Oregon  set- 
tler, especially  those  who  had  crossed  the  con- 
tinent with  ox  teams,  consuming  a  half  year  on 
the  wearying  journey.  All  along  the  way  the 
question  of  a  trans-continental  road  was  discussed, 
and  that  too  as  intelligently,  and  more  practi- 
cally, ae  it  ever  was  in  the  halls  of  Congress. 
Plain,  but  sensible  and  practical  men  were  these 
old  ox-drivers,  many  of  them  graduates  of  col- 
leges, artisans,  surveyors,  acquainted  with  every 
branch  of  science  and  able  to  put  their  funded 
wisdom  to  the  most  practical  uses.  The  possi- 
bility of  such  a  railroad  being  constructed,  its 
cost,  how  it  could  be  done,  its  influence  on  the 
destiny  c'  the  coast,  and  every  other  possiblephase 
of  the  question  was  discussed  around  the  camp- 
fires  and  along  the  trails  of  the  mountain  side 
by  the  very  men  who  afterward  built  the  Pacific 
empire  by  their  courage  ptid  genius.  They  came 
into  Oregon  full  of  the  idea,  and  very  early  be- 
gan to  plan  for  the  consummation  of  their 
hopes.  In  1853  the  Territorial  Legislature  passed 
a  memorial  to  Congress  in  relation  to  the  cou- 
Btruction  of  a  railroad  from  the  Mississippi  river 
tosomepointon  the  Pacific  coast.  Muchemphasis 
was  given  to  the  hone  that  such  a  work  would 
soon  be  undertaken  by  the  Government  surveys 
that  were  pushed  into  and  beyond  the  Rocky 


mountains,  all  having  in  view  possible  railroad 
lines.  The  surveying  explorations  of  I.  I.  Stev- 
ens over  what  is  now  practically  the  Northern 
Pacific  route,  in  1853,  awakened  a  deep  interest, 
and  led  to  the  confident  hope  that  the  work 
would  soon  be  undertaken.  Captain  McLennan 
was  also  here  at  the  head  of  a  party  of  topo- 
graphical engineers  on  the  same  errand  and 
Lieutenant  Mullan's  name  became  famous  for 
his  explorations.  All  kept  alive  the  enthusiasm 
of  the  people  on  the  subject  of  an  overland 
road.  Put  beyond  these  surveys,  and  the  publi- 
cation of  the  reports  of  the  officers  making 
them,  nothing  was  attempted  in  this  direction 
until  after  the  beginning  of  the  great  civil  war. 
Meantime  various  local  movements  looking 
to  the  construction  of  lines  and  branches  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  and  also  connecting  that  val- 
ley with  California  took  place,  but  being  with- 
out any  practical  result  it  seems  unnecessary  to 
write  their  history.  One  great  benefit,  however, 
resulted  from  these  movements,  and  the  organi- 
zation of  companies  attending  them,  namely: 
through  the  statements  and  appeals  and  me- 
morials circulated  by  these  companies,  wide  at- 
tention was  drawn  to  the  character  and  resources 
of  the  State.  Thus  passed  the  years  until  1868, 
Oregon  having  no  railroad,  except  it  might  be 
a  short  portage  road  as  a  part  of  the  Oregon 
Steam  Navigation  Company's  line  on  the  Co- 
lumbia river. 


188 


IIlaTORY    OF    OREGON. 


But  the  time  Imtl  come  for  more  active  meas- 
ures. Two  railroad  companies  were  orj^anized, 
one  to  construct  a  road  on  the  east  side  and  the 
otlier  on  tlie  west  side  of  tlie  AV^iliamette  river 
extendinif  sontiiwanl  from  I'orthvnd  toward  Cali- 
fornia. Tiiese  two  companies  were  rivals  and 
opponents,  and  their  rivalry  and  opposition  ma- 
terially injured  the  prospects  for  railroad  con- 
struction in  the  State.  Still,  with  due  solem- 
nities and  ceremonies,  ground  was  broken  on 
the  west  side  of  the  river  at  the  city  of  Portland 
on  the  l-tth  day  of  j*pril,  and  on  the  east  side 
on  the  16th  day  of  April,  18fi8. 

Actual  railroad  building  was  now  bejiun  on 
both  sides  of  the  river.  Various  circumstances 
embarrassed  and  delayed  their  work.  It  was 
exceedingly  difticult  for  coiupanies  in  a  country 
80  new  and  so  distant  from  the  great  marts  of 
commerce,  to  raise  the  money  with  which  to 
prosecute  their  work.  At  this  time  the  west 
side  company,  under  the  energetic  adiniiiistra- 
tion  of  Mr.  Joseph  Gaston,  seemed  to  have  the 
advantage  of  the  east  side  under  the  direction, 
first,  of  G.  L.  Woods  and  then  of  I.  R.  Moores 
as  president.  The  contention  between  the  two 
companies  was  very  bitter  and  long-continued, 
but  its  history  only  illustrates  how  able  and 
energetic  and  good  men  can  be  made  to  disagree 
when  prompted  by  an  apparent  self-interest,  and 
would  be  too  tedions  and  useless  to  enter  upon 
here.  It  should  be  stated,  however,  that  this 
struggle  between  the  two  companies  was  to  gain 
possession  of  certain  rights  and  privileges  granted 
by  the  Oregon  Legislature  to  the  railroad  com- 
pany first  filing  articles  of  inuorj)oration  with 
the  secretary  of  State,  and  a  land  grant  made  by 
the  United  States  to  the  company  which  should 
be  designated  by  the  Oregon  Legislature  under 
certain  conditions  to  receive  it. 

At  this  juncture  Mr.  Ben  Ilolladay  arrived 
in  Oregon  and  soon  the  east  side  company  trans- 
ferred all  its  rights  and  properties  to  him  and  he 
took  possession  of  its  appertainings.  lie  was 
supposed  to  have,  and  without  doubt  had,  great 
wealth,  and  was  certainly  a  man  of  much  deter- 
mination and  force  of  purpose.  The  controversy 


became  even  more  embittered,  and  reached  the 
courts,  the  Legislature,  and  even  the  Congress 
at  Washington.  The  result  of  all  the  controversy 
was  finally  to  consolidate  the  interests  of  both 
roads  in  the  hands  of  Ilolladay.  After  this  they 
were  pushed  rapitUy  forward,  that  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river  reaching  Eugene  city,  at  the 
head  of  the  Willamette  valley  in  1872,  and  that 
on  the  west  side  reaching  a  point  about  fifty 
miles  from  Portland  the  same  year.  This  may 
fairly  be  considered  the  beginning  of  the  era  of 
railroads  in  Oregon. 

But  these  roads  were  only  local.  They  did 
not  connect  Oregon  with  the  great  outside  world. 
True,  they  looked  to  that  ultimately,  but  it  was 
yet  hundreds  of  miles  from  their  nearest  point 
to  any  connection  that  would  open  Oregon  to 
the  free  access  of  business  and  jiopulation.  Still 
they  greatly  stimulated  business  and  drew  the 
attention  of  capitalists  abroad  to  this  State  as  a 
hopeful  field  for  investments  and  profit.  They 
were  a  prophecy  rather  than  a  fulfillment  of 
what  was  to  be  in  a  tiiu<?  now  so  near  that  clear 
eyes  could  easily  see  its  dawning. 

Mr.  Ilolladay  pushed  his  work  with  an  energy 
entitling  him  to  the  grateful  appreciation  of  the 
people  of  Oregon,  notwithstanding,  by  the  time 
the  .  jad  reached  Roseburg,  200  miles  from 
Portland,  his  management  had  become  so  un- 
satisfactory to  the  bondholders  of  the  road  that 
the  work  was  taken  out  of  his  hands.  It  is  easy 
for  anybody,  of  course,  to  criticise  such  little 
matters  as  the  building  and  management  of 
railroads,  yet  this  writer  does  not  design  to  en- 
ter that  field  of  criticism,  and  contents  himself 
with  saying  that  Mr.  Ilolladay  did  an  incalcula- 
ble good  to  Oregon  in  the  energy  and  success 
with  which  he  pushed  forward  her  first  real  rail- 
road enterprise. 

It  would  not  be  just  to  leave  this  period  in 
the  story  of  railroad  construction  in  the  State 
without  some  further  reference  to  Mr.  Joseph 
Gaston,  to  whom  may  almost  be  assigned  the 
jilace  of  the  pioneer  in  these  great  enterprises. 
He  labored  most  earnestly  and  intelligently  in 


HI8T0HY    OF    OliKOO}< 


189 


the 
ress 


thuiri  and  left  a  deep  impress  for  good  on  tliis 
department  of  Oregon  history. 

Oregon  was  yet  in  isolation.  Slie  had  neither 
coinninnication  with  Oaliforiiia  nor  with  tliel'^ast- 
ern  States,  iler  broadest-visioned  men  clearly 
saw  that  these  eonnections  were  vital  to  her 
progress.  Indeed  they  had  long  seen  this,  and 
many  eiforts  were  made  to  arrange  the  combi- 
nations which  would  result  in  this  consumma- 
tion. This,  however,  was  not  achieved  until 
1879,  when  Mr.  Henry  Villard  succeeded  in 
forming  a  syndicate  of  European  and  American 
capitalists,  with  himself  at  their  head,  to  secure 
a  joint  management  of  the  Oregon  roads,  and 
facilitate  and  hasten  the  construction  of  the 
Northern  Pacitic  to  Portland.  His  measures  were 
most  vigorous  and  effective.  Not  only  was  the 
Northern  Pacitic  pushed  forward  with  amazing 
rapidity,  but  a  vast  system  ramifying  all  eastern 
Oregon  and  Washington,  and  extending  south- 
ward to  San  Francisco,  was  devised  and  pushed 
forward  with  great  energy.  The  Oregon  Kail- 
way  and  Navigation  Company  was  organized 
and  became  the  owner  of  all  the  interests  of  the 
Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  including 
the  Ocean  Steamship  Company  and  the  trans- 
continental lines,  and  urged  rapidly  forward.  Of 
this  great  company,  that  had  thus  laid  its  ener- 
getic hand  on  the  railroad  and  navigation  inter- 
ests, Henry  Villard  was  the  president  and  J. 
N.  Dolph  vice-president,  with  a  directorate  con- 
sisting of  A.  H.  Holmes,  W.  H.  Steinbuck,  J. 
B.  Fry  and  Henry  Villard,  of  New  York,  and 
G.  W.  Wiedler,  J.  C.  Arnsworth,  S.  G.  Reed, 
Paul  Schultz,  II.  W.  Corbett,  C.  H.  Lewis  and 
J.  N.  Dolpli,  of  Portland. 

In  1884  the  Northern  Pacitic  road  was  com- 
pleted to  Portland,  and  Oregon  had  direct  rail 
communication  with  the  Eastern  States. 

With  the  opening  of  a  direct  trans-continental 
railroad  Oregon  had  entered  upon  a  new  era. 
Her  isolation  seemed  ended.  The  heart-tlirob 
of  a  new  life  sounded  along  the  iron  rails  that 
connected  her  with  the  great  marts  of  East- 
ern commerce  and  the  great  seats  of  Eastern 
learning  and  culture.  The  pioneers  who  had 
la 


tramped  on  foot  a  weary  2,000  miles  through  a 
still  more  weary  six  month's  pilgrimage  were 
brought  within  as  many  day*  of  their  old  homes 
as  they  had  been  months  in  reat;hing  their  new. 
Probably  no  portion  of  the  population  of  Ore- 
gon rejoiced  more  at  the  change.  The  day  that 
celebrated  the  arrival  of  the  first  tran.'^-continental 
train  in  Portland  was  one  of  the  brightest  gala 
days  that  the  city  ever  beheld.  The  beauty  and 
the  chivalry,  the  old  and  the  young,  the  grave 
and  the  gay,  the  learned  and  the  unlearned,  the 
day  laborer  and  the  capitalist,  all  met  in  the 
streets  of  the  metropolis  on  a  common  level  of 
rejoicing.  Guns  pealed,  orators  grew  el(j(|nent, 
poets  sung,  batiners  streamed,  processions 
marched,  all  was  commotion  and  all  the  com- 
motion of  joy.  And  well  it  might  lie.  The 
great  work  was  done.  From  tide  to  tiiJe,  clear 
across  the  continent,  touch  atid  binl  together 
the  opposite  seas.  Maine  is  united  to  Oregon, 
and  the  Pacific  is  now  almost  one  witli  the  At- 
lantic. One  could  not  but  feel  that  the  most 
improbable  fancies  of  the  world's  greatest  dream- 
ers have  become  realizations.  When  in  1S3S 
Lewis  Gaylord  Clarke  said,  "  The  man  is  now  liv- 
ing who  will  make  a  railroa<l  trip  across  the 
continent,"  how  few  considered  it  other  than  an 
idle  vision  !  From  1838  to  1809,  only  thirty 
short  years,  and  it  is  a  dream  no  longer.  One 
cannot  but  feel  proud  of  his  America,  proud  ot 
the  noble,  if  untitled,  blood,  that  shoots  through 
his  veins  as  he  stands  amidst  such  triumphs  of 
genius  and  philanthrophy  as  those  which  have 
glorified  the  last  three  decades.  She  has  girdled 
a  vast  continent  with  bands  of  law  and  bands  of 
steel  into  one  great  brotherhood  of  freedom, 
equality  and  peace. 

When  the  Northern  Pacific  had  spanned  the 
continent,  Henry  Villard,  as  the  mighty  organ- 
izer and  builder,  was  the  hero  of  Oregon's  hour. 
Scarcely,  however,  had  the  train  that  bore  him 
and  his  august  company  away  from  Portland 
disappeared  behind  the  Cascade  mountains  l)e- 
fore  it  was  announced  that  the  work  he  had 
done  had  more  than  exhauste<l  hie  resources, 
and  that  he  was  compelled  to  retire  in  the  very 


100 


nrSTdHV    OF    OliEOOK. 


iiioiiiunt  of  Ills  liigliCAt  triiiiii])li.  Ilia  wurk 
liowever  reiiiniiietl,  and  iiotwitlistandiii^  his 
iiiisfortiiiies  he  eontiiiiied  to  lioUl  ii  very  warm 
idaee  in  the  liearts  of  the  people  of  Oreirun,  he- 
cause  he  liatl  ifiven  tlieiii  what  othci-sliad  failed 
to  lio.  direct  coniniiuileation  witii  tlic  Eastern 
8fat('s. 

From  tliis  time  onward  the  proii;re!-8  of  Ore- 
gon, es|)eciall3'  in  the  Wilhiinette  valley,  was 
ra[)id  and  snbstantial.  Still  a  lar^e  part  of  the 
State  was  so  remote  from  the  line  of  the  com- 
pleted road  as  to  derive  comparatively  little  ad 
vantage  from  it.  That  conld  he  ohviated  only 
by  the  eoiiBtrnetion  of  a  line  practically  follow- 
ing the  old  emigrant  road  through  the  series  of 
ftlniost  connecting  valleys  of  eastern  Oregon  and 
the  valley  of  Snake  river  into  the  Salt  Lake  val- 
ley to  a  junction  with  the  Union  Pacific  at 
Ogden.  This  most  direct  possible  route  from 
Chicago,  the  great  commercial  center  of  the  eld 
Northwest,  to  Portland,  the  commercial  center  of 
the  new  Northwest,  was  held  in  high  favor  by 
the  people  of  Oregon.  There  were  reasons  for 
this  feeling.  They  had  largely  traveled  it.  It 
was  shorter  than  any  other.  Some  of  the  most 
energetic  and  sagacious  of  the  people  of  the 
State  had  completed  an  organization  to  locate, 
survey  and  l)uild  ndiat  was  called  the  "Portland, 
Dallas  &  Salt  Lake  railroad,'"  and  were  urging 
their  plans  forward  with  great  zeal.  Hesides. 
year  by  year,  the  iron  rails  were  pushing  farther 
that  way,  and  begun  already  to  touch  the  feet 
of  tlie  Blue  mountains  and  rise  up  their  piny 
slopes.  The  Union  Pacific  began  to  push  its 
lines  .seaward,  right  down  the  old  line  of  emi- 
grant travel;  its  very  stations  hearing  the  names 
of  the  old  camping-places  of  the  emigrants  in 
the  days  of  the  ox-cart,  the  mule  and  the 
mustang.  And  then  this  road,  when  completed, 
Would  run  nearly  five  hundred  miles  in  Oregon 
itself.  So,  to  the  Oregoniatis,  this  was  a  favor- 
ite ro.itc.  and  as  the  hope  of  its  completion 
seemt^d  near  its  fultillment  they  felt  a  corre- 
sponding satisfaction.  And  when  at  last  it  was 
done,  and  Oregon  had  two  distinct  lines  of  road 
connecting  tlie  harbors  of  tiie  Pacific  with  those 


(jf  the  Atlantic,  there  was  again  great  rejoicing 
among  tlui  people  of  the  State. 

Perhaps  the  man  who,  in  early  times,  did 
most  to  draw  general  attention  to  this  route  as 
the  one  that  would  contribute  most  to  the  wel- 
fare of  Oregon  in  every  way  was  Mr.  W.  W. 
Chapman  of  the  city  of  Portland.  Mr.  Chap- 
man was  an  early  immigrant  to  Oregon.  lie 
had  been  a  prominent  figure  in  the  early  history 
of  Iowa,  from  which,  in  its  Territorial  condition, 
he  was  delegate  in  Congress.  On  reaching 
Oregon  ho  became  a  citizen  of  Portland  and 
joint  owner  of  its  site,  when  the  city  was  little 
more  than  a  hamlet  in  the  woods.  His  energy 
and  enterprise  was  a  proverb.  He  made  ex- 
tensive surveys  on  the  lino- chosen,  atterded 
several  sessions  of  Congress  for  the  purpose  of 
securing  aid,  and  sent  an  agent  to  London  to  se- 
cure help  in  his  vast  designs,  bearing  an  expense 
that  made  him  poor.  The  opposition  he  en- 
countered, in  Congress  and  elsewhere,  from  the 
Central  Pacific  railroad,  then  holding  a  monop- 
oly of  railroad  connection  coastward,  was  too 
strong  for  him,  and  he  failed  in  his  plans.  But 
Mr.  ('hapman's  energy  and  persistency  did 
much  to  attract  attention  to  the  route  which  he 
advocated.  lie  lived  to  see  others  reap  the 
benefit  of  his  labors;  and  to  see  the  city  in 
which  he  cast  his  lot  in  early  manhood  grow 
from  a  frontier  village  to  be  the  great  comtner- 
cial  mart  of  the  Northwest,  with  a  population 
touching  the  hnndred-thoudand  line,  and  an 
average  wealth  as  great  as  any  city  in  America, 
and  in  November,  1892,  he  closed  his  long 
career  within  it,  honored  for  what  he  had  done, 
and  perhaps  still  more  for  what  he  had  tried  to 
do  for  Oregon. 

Connected  with  the  great  railroad  enterprises 
of  Oregon,  in  a  very' responsible  and  controlling 
position,  was  Mr.  Thielson,  whose  whole  life 
has  been  devoted  to  the  study  of  the  principles 
of  railroading,  and  the  skillful  and  scientific 
application  of  them.  lie  was  cliief  engineer 
in  the  construction  of  the  groat  Michigan  cen- 
tral lines,  and  other  lines  in  the  Hlastern  States, 
and  so  eauie  to  Oregon   a   veteran    in   railroad 


niaroiiY  of  orkgon. 


11)1 


work.  lie  entered  the  service  of  tlie  Oregon 
Kiiilrond  &  Navigation  Company  as  chief  en- 
gineer of  its  vast  system  of  linos;  a  system 
cutting  the  great  mountain  ranges  in  twain,  and 
threa'linif  a  region  among  tiie  most  difiicult  in 
America  for  railroad  construction.  With  con- 
summate skill  and  indomitable  energy  he 
pushed  forward  the  wonderful  line  up  the  Co- 
lumbia river  through  the  Cascade  mountains, 
and  the  scarcely  less  difficult  passage  of  the 
Blue  monntains,  toward  its  connection  with  the 
Union  Pacific, — otherwise  called  the  Oregon 
short  line, — and  so  with  the  East.  Quietly,  in- 
telligently, scientifically.  Air.  Thielson  carried 
forward  the  vast  enterprises  of  which  he  had 
almost  sole  control,  and,  as  much  to  his  careful 
and  yet  enterprising  work,  the  people  of  Oregon 
are  indebted  for  the  early  and  substantial  com- 
pletion of  this  stai)endou8  nndertaking.  Mr. 
Thielson,  having  reached  tlie  splendid  limit  of 
three  score  and  ten  years,  yet  apparently  in  full- 
orbed,  mental  vigor,  is  resting  through  the 
beautiful  eventide  of  a  most  honorable  and  suc- 
cessful life  in  the  city  for  which  he  has  done  so 
much,  beloved  and  honored  as  a  Christian  and  a 
man. 

It  would  be  very  pleasant  for  tliis  writer  to 
continue  the  character-sketches  of  men  prom- 
inent and  useful  in  the  work  of  this  era  in 
Oregon  history,  but  we  can  namebut  one  more, — 
lion.  David  1'.  Thompson.  His  prominent  re- 
lation to  nearly  all  classes  of  puldic  improve- 
ment in  Oregon  for  the  long  term  of  forty 
years,  and  especially  to  the  work  of  railroad 
construction  during  the  special  period  of  which 
we  are  writing,  entitles  him,  more  than  those 
who  ciune  to  the  Northwest  later,  to  a  distinct- 
ive place  in  this  record. 

Mr.  Thompson  came  into  Oregon  in  1852, 
hardly  more  than  boy,  without  powerful  friend- 
ships or  patronage,  practically  penniless  and 
alone.  There  was  little  to  indicate  the  great 
success  of  hi»  after  life,  unless  it  was  an  intense- 
ness  of  purpose  and  steadiness  of  will  that 
bore  him  right  on  in  whatever  he  undertook. 
His  enterprise  had  no   limit.     As   the  country 


advanced  he  grew  with  it,  nnfil  he  became 
wealthy.  He  has  occupie<l  many  of  the  most 
prominent  public  positions  in  the  State  for 
which  he  had  done  so  much;  been  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  may^rof  the  city  of  Port- 
land, and  is  now,  by  the  appointment  of  Presi- 
dent Harrison,  United  States  minister  to  Tur- 
key. In  every  publi(^  position  in  which  he  has 
been  placed,  he  has  shown  himself  entirely 
eqnal  to  its  demands. 

Mr.  Thompson's  relation  to  the  railroads  of 
Oregon  was  practical — that  of  constructor. 
Some  of  the  most  difHcult  sections  of  those 
roa<l8,  like  that  through  the  I'lue  mountains, 
were  constructed  by  him.  Uis  practical  sagacity, 
great  energy  and  am])le  resources  enal)le  him  to 
achieve  with  ease  what  would  have  been  difficult 
or  impossible  to  most  men.  For  these  reasons 
Mr.  Thompson  may  be  set  down  as  an  important 
factor  in  bringing  in  and  making  illustrious  the 
railroad  era  in  (Jregon. 

It  would  hardly  be  worth  the  reader's  while  to 
trace  circumstantially  an  account  of  the  con- 
struction of  all  the  local  or  branch  lines  of  rail- 
road that  have  been  constructed  in  Oregon  in 
the  lust  twenry  years.  The  result  of  their  con- 
struction, however,  cannot  be  passed  by  un- 
noticed. 

In  1872,  now  only  twenty  years  ago,  Oregon 
was  but  an  outlying  province  of  the  American 
Union  in  fact,  though  politically  it  was  a  State 
of  that  Union.  All  its  tov.'ns  were  hamlets. 
Its  pu|)ulation  was  sparsely  spread  over  the 
plains  whose  sod  lay  largely  uncut  by  the  plow. 
Its  people  were  provincial  in  habits  and  in 
speech.  There  was  more  than  a  suggestion  of 
indolence  in  their  movements  and  mien.  These 
things  were  not  against  them  particularly:  they 
were  incident  to  their  isolation.  But  the  roar 
of  the  wheels  of  the  first  engine  that  rolled  up 
the  Willamette  valley  did  more  than  wake  the 
echoes  from  the  hills:  it  woke  a  new  life  in  the 
thoughts  and  hearts  of  the  people.  To  them 
it  was  not  a  voice  out  of  the  past,  but  a  voice 
out  of  the  future.  As  they  saw  that  engine 
roll  out  of  sight  southward  tliey  knew  it  would 


103 


niHTORY    OF   oimooN. 


i.  ; 


81  : 


i 


1^- 


never  ceiiso  its  further  roll  until  it  had  rencluHi 
tiio  "  (iolden  (tntc,  "  Or  as  they  saw  it  turn  its 
course  eastward  up  the  slopes,  whoso.  Buniinits 
were  more  than  a  thuueand  miles  away,  they 
knew  it  would  not  stop  its  j^oing  until  it  had 
reached  the  eastern  shore.  Tiiese  meant  a  new 
ai^e  droppiiif^  suddenly  and  mysteriously  into 
lap  of  the  depart! iijjr  era  almost  before  the  people 
were  ready  for  its  coming.  Then  came  theceaee- 
lers  rush  of  moving  trains,  hitlierward,  thither- 
ward, everyward,  with  the  magnetism  of  their 
dash,  and  tlie  force  of  their  momentum  starting 
into  activity  and  hurry  sinews  that  had  been  set 
to  the  slow  movements  of  tlieo.x  in  weary  ir\onth6 
of  travel  by  his  side.  Then  came  new  people, 
yiviiDg  people,  coming  by  scores,  by  hundreds, 
by  thousands,  with  metro])olitan  bearing  and 
cosmopolitan  sympathies  and  life,  who  had 
made  in  less  than  a  week  the  former  journey  of 
half  a  year.     It  was  startling,  thrilling,  a  new 


and  regenerating  social  and  material  life.  It 
was  felt  everywhere.  The  cities  began  to  doff 
the  old  garb  of  provincial  rusticity  and  don  the 
new  vestments  of  metropolitan  culture.  The 
ct'usiiry  felt  the  spring  of  new  industries.  The 
sails  of  commerce  began  to  wiiiten  our  harbors. 
China  and  Japa'i  ""igan  the  fulfillment  of  the 
predictions  of  e  old  prophets  of  the  time  to 
bo  as  Floyd,  ai  iinn,  and  lienton,  and  sent 
tlicir  teas  and  silks  and  spices  to  the  East  by 
way  of  the  West.  Life  "  where  rolls  the  Ore- 
gon" was  no  more  the  wild  and  weird  adven- 
ture of  a  fur  hunter,  nor  even  the  slow  and 
waiting  existence  of  the  en)igrant  of  the  '40s 
and  the  '50s-,  it  was  the  rapid  business  life  of 
a  man  who  had  something  to  do.  So,  through 
the  two  decades,  from  1872  to  1892,  Oregon  was 
stirred  with  all  the  energy  and  enthusiasm  of 
business  and  social  life  that  makes  the  great 
cosmopolitan  communities  of  the  Eastern  States. 


^*Si(iS^je)#*:^ — 


CIIArTER  XXII. 
THE  INDIAN    WAHS  OF  OREGON. 
CACSKs—DisciUiCTDnic   Among  the  Cayises— Wak  Rumous— Indian  Agent  Visits  the  Caybsks 

ANIl  THE  NkZ  PeRCES — CoCNCIl,    WITH    BoTH  TuiBES CoDE  OF   LaWS  AdOPTED — CauSE  OF  Du. 

McLauohun's  Opposition— Incident  AT  Obeoon  City  -Klockstock — Threatening  War  Be- 
(ii'N — Dr.  Whitman's  Position  and  WoitK— Establishment  of  a  Roman  Catholic  Mission 
— Tom  lIii.L  AND  Joe  Lewis — -(irATnERiNo  Omens — Sickne8.s  among  Indians — False  State- 
ments—Priests,  Statement — Dk.  Whitman's  Murder — Who  is  Responsible — Express  to 
Vancouver — Mu.  Ogden — Cajtives  Ransomed. 


SNSTEAD  of  weaving  the  story  of  the  In- 
dian wars  of  Oregon  as  a  crimson  thread 
into  all  the  fabric  of  our  history,  we  have 
thought  it  better  to  give  that  story  its  own 
separate  place.  This  is  done  partly  b«!cauBe 
they  mostly  occurred  in  a  comparatively  brief 
period  of  time,  although  they  were  prec«ded 
for  several  years  by  small   and  somewhat  iso- 


lated agitations  leading  gradually  but  surely 
up  to  them.  These,  however,  can  he  passed 
over  with  but  a  casual  treatment,  as  they  were 
so  local  and  individual  that  they  would  add 
little  to  the  interest  of  our  historjf. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the  Indian  tribes 
of  the  Pacific  coast  have  not  proved,  as  a  rule, 
as  warlike  in    disposition,   nor  as  strong  and 


innTour  OF  oreuon. 


109 


energetic  in  purpoHe  and  ar.tion,  as  were  tho8e 
of  tiie  Atlantic  coast,  if  we  are  to  give  full 
credit  to  the  stories  of  tiieir  liistorinnH.  It  was 
about  thirteen  years  after  the  Americans  began 
to  settle  in  Oregon  before  there  occurred  any- 
thing that  ougiit  really  to  be  called  an  Indian 
war.  Still,  after  the  years  in  which  all  Ameri- 
can settlements  were  confined  to  two  or  three 
missionary  stations,  it  became  oiivious  to  the 
more  discerning  and  experienced  among  the 
missionaries,  as  well  as  among  the  settlers  not 
missionaries,  that  causes  were  operating  that 
would  result  iu  a  conflict,  more  or  less  severe 
and  protracted  between  the  whites  and  the  In- 
dians. A  very  brief  reference  to  some  of  these 
ought  to  introduce  this  chapter. 

The  causes  and  influences  productive  of  the 
Indian  wars  of  Oregon  were  not  all  indigenous. 
Many  of  them  dated  far  back  and  far  away. 
They  grew  out  of  the  fact  that  many  Indians  of 
the  eastern  tribes  like  the  Shawnees,  the  Dela- 
wares,  and  several  from  Canadian  tribes  follow- 
ing in  the  company  of  the  fur  tra<lers  and  trap- 
pers, first  to  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  then 
clear  down  to  the  sea,  had  filled  the  minds  of 
the  Indiaus  here  with  exaggerated  tales  of  in- 
justice and  cruelty  experienced  by  their  own 
people  at  the  hands  of  the  whites  in  the  East. 
Tiiey  repeated  these  stories  everywhere;  told 
how  their  lands  had  been  taken  from  them, 
their  peo[  .e  murdered  and  scattered,  and  as- 
sured these  Indians  that  the  whites  intended 
the  same  thing  here,  and  would  be  peaceable 
and  kind  only  until  enough  of  their  own  color 
had  come,  when  they  would  resort  to  the  same 
measures  that  had  resulted  almost  in  the  anni- 
hilation of  the  Indians  east  of  the  Missouri. 
Of  course  such  stories  found  ready  listeners 
hera  Once  the  thought  was  lodged  in  the  In- 
dian's mind,  he  would  brood  over  it  with  his 
gloomy  taciturnity  until  he  could  see  the  sad 
tragedy  of  his  people's  downfall  enacted  before 
his  eyes. 

There   was  something  of  truth  in  the    story 

•of    these  renegades,    but  both  they  and  those 

wlio  heard  their    story   were  entirely   without 


any  true  understanding  of  the  real  causes  of  the 
decay  and  disappearance  of  their  people.  Up 
to  the  time  these  renegades  began  to  come  into 
contact  with  the  Indians  of  the  interior,  after 
the  missionaries  began  tn  arrive  iu  the  country, 
those  in  Orego.i  were  disposed  to  peace;  and, 
indeed,  unt^'l  emigrants,  not  missionaries,  began 
to  come  by  tens  and  fifties  and  hundreds  and  take 
possessions  of  tlie  finest  lands,  there  was  no  dis- 
position on  their  part  to  molest  the  whites. 
But  when  these  began  to  arrive  it  looked  to  the 
Indians  as  though  the  statements  that  Inid 
alarmed  them  were  to  be  immediately  veritied, 
and  rumors  of  intended  war  began  to  circnlate 
through  the  country.  They  were  most  preva- 
lent and  portentous  among  the  Oayuses  in  the 
vicinity  of  Waulitpu,  and  occasional  acts  of 
violence  were  perpetrated  by  some  of  these 
people,  though  not  extending  to  actual  war. 
Still  even  Dr.  Whitman  was  personally  abused, 
his  wife  insulted,  his  mill  was  burned,  and  so 
threatening  was  the  disposition  of  the  savages 
that  Mrs.  Whitman  spent  some  months  at  the 
Dalles  and  in  the  lower  country  during  the 
summer  of  1843,  the  Doetor  being  absent  on 
a  journey  to  the  eastern  States.  The  disijuiet 
extended  to  the  contiguous  tribes,  and  it 
seemed  for  a  considerable  time  that  war  would 
certainly  break  out. 

To  allay  the  agitation  among  these  strong 
tribes,  Dr.  Elijah  White,  then  sub-Indian  agent 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  visited  the  coun- 
try of  the  Oayuses  in  the  autumn  of  1842,  and 
succeeded  in  composing  the  minds  of  the  most 
of  the  Indians,  at  least  so  far  as  to  prevent  an 
outbreak  at  that  time.  He  then  made  an  ap- 
pointment to  meet  them  again  in  the  following 
May  at  Waulitpu  for  further  conference  and  re- 
turned to  the  Willamette. 

It  was  soon  found  that  the  troubles  were  only 
temporarily  composed;  not  permanently  healed. 
War  rumors  became  more  rife.  Even  the  leaders 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  believed  there 
would  be  war.  The  people  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  then  comparatively  few,  were  greatly 
alarmed.     They  knew  that  it  was  entirely  within 


I 


1111 


ir/sroiir  of  tinxnoN. 


h: 


F- 


tlie  jMiwer  of  the  liitliiiiii*  to  dunlroy  tin;  iiiiKhioiiH, 
niul  blot  tlie  fccblo  BcttliMiient  from  tin'  face  of 
tlifenitli,  tiiul  tlii'y  itiore tliiiii  Imlf  cxpcctcil  they 
would  exercise  tlmt  power.  They  ilreadfti  the 
siiiiiiner  of  18-tiJ,  when  the  trails  would  lib 
pHssaiile  throiit:;li  the  iiiountainH,  fearinif  that 
the  Cayuses  and  Kyin|)athi/.iiii;  ti'ihcs  east  of  tlie 
mountains  would  then  come  through  on  an  errand 
of  death.  Dr.  White  purposed  to  fulfill  his 
promise  to  meet  the  Cuyuses  at  Waulitpu  in 
May,  engaging  several  men  who  had  been  con- 
nected with  the  service  of  the  Hudson's  l?ay 
Company  to  accompany  him.  When  the  time 
came  to  start,  so  alarmed  did  these  men  become 
at  the  evident  danger  of  the  j(<urtiey  that  they 
declined  to  fultill  their  engagement.  Uev. 
(lustftvus  nines,  of  the  Methodist  mission  in  the 
Willamette,  volunteered  to  accompany  liim,  and 
with  one  other  man,  and  some  Indians  to  paddle 
tiieir  canocH  as  far  as  the  Dalles,  they  set  out  on 
a  mission  that  meant  death  to  them  or  peace  to 
the  settlements. 

Arriving  at  Vancouver  Dr.  Mcl-anghlin  en- 
deavored to  dissuade  them  from  the  journey. 
lie  had  better  reasons  for  this,  as  afterward 
appeared,  than  he  disclosed  to  them.  His  posi- 
tion trave  him  a  better  knowledge  of  the  feel- 
ings  of  the  Indians  than  any  other  man  pos- 
sessed, or  coidd  possess,  and  he  understood 
the  peril  involved  in  tlieir  journey,  lie  even 
hesitated  to  furnish  them  an  outfit  for  the  jour- 
ney, without  which  they  could  hardly  havejjone 
at  all.  I?ut  these  were  men  not  to  be  turned 
aside  from  a  pnrpo.se  once  carefully  formed,  as 
this  had  been,  and  they  refolved  to  proceed,  and 
did. 

On  reaching  AVanlitpu  they  found  the  trou- 
bles had  not  been  exaggerated.  The  Indians 
were  sullen,  ke]jt  aloof,  postponed,  and  tiie  pros- 
pects of  any  success  in  their  mis8,ion  were  small 
indeed.  I'ntting  the  purpose  of  their  coming 
bef'oie  the  Indians  as  well  as  they  could,  they 
>  resolved  to  go  a  hundred  miles  farther  into  the 
country  and  visit  the  Nez  Perces,  at  Lapwai, 
the  seat  of  the  mission  of  Mr.  Spaulding.  The 
object   was  to    influence  the  Cayuses    by   first 


securinj;  the  attention  and  confidence  of  the  Nez 
I'erces,  who  had  considerable  influence  with  the 
Cayuses.  This  did  not  please  the  Cayuses,  but 
they  did  not  attempt  to  prevent  it  by  force. 
They  found  the  Nez  I'erces  more  jwaceably 
inclined  than  the  Cayuses,  and,  after  a  confer- 
ence of  a  few  days  with  them,  accumpanied  by 
several  hundred  of  the  Nez  I'erces,  they  returned 
to  Waulitpu  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
negotiations  with  the  Cayuses. 

They  found  the  Cayuses  in  bad  humor, — so 
bad  that  when  they  met  the  five  or  six  hundred 
Nez  I'erces,  who  had  come  down  to  participate 
in  tl'e  expected  council,  Ellis,  the  head  chief, 
declared  that  he  thought  the  Cayuses  intended 
to  fight  his  people  then  and  there.  I'ut  after 
con8iderat)le  effort  tiie  storm  liiat  was  so  near 
bursting  theti  around  and  upon  the  agent  and 
his  companions  was  allayed,  and  a  council  was 
opened. 

A  number  of  speeciies  were  made  by  the 
chiefs  of  the  Cayuses  and  Xez  I'erces,  and,  after 
quite  a  delay  a  code  of  simple  laws  or  rules -for 
the  government  of  the  Cayuse  people  were 
adopted,  and  Mr.  White  and  his  companions  re- 
turned to  the  Willamette  settlement.  Yet  such 
was  the  unsettled  and  uncertain  State  of  these 
tribes,  even  after  the  atrreement  was  made, 
Mrs.  Whitman  resolved  to  accompany  the  party 
to  the  lower  country. 

We  have  said  above  that  when  Dr.  White 
and  Mr.  Ilines  were  on  their  way  to  the  Cayuse 
country  Dr.  McLaughlin  advised  them  against 
proceeding,  and  that  he  had  stronger  reasons 
for  that  advice  than  ho  chose  at  tlmt  time  to 
communicate.  What  he  understood  and  what 
they  did  not  understand  at  that  time,  was  the 
efforts  so  constantly  and  persistently  made  by 
the  renegade  epstern  Indians  to  stir  up  the  ani- 
mosities of  the  Indians  of  the  coast  against  the 
whites,  and  he  also  knew  that  at  that  very  time 
those  efforts  were  in  danger  of  immediate  suc- 
cess. He  did  not  believe,  from  the  knowledge 
he  had  of  Indian  character,  that  this  small  party 
of  men  could  go  among  the  Cayuses  and  escape 
with  their  lives.      He  fiirtlier  knew  that    their 


nrsra/iy  or  oittcnoN.. 


iM 


iniiittiHci'u  wiiiild  li(!  iiiiiiutdiiituly  foliowod  liy  iiii 
iiidig(;i'iiniimt()  biitclierin^  of  the  ciitiro  white 
|)opiil»tion.  IJiit  siicli  will*  the  (K'lipiicy  of  liis 
|ioHitioii  118  th(*  heuil  otticci'  of  the  ilmlsoirH  liny 
Coinpiiny,  mid  8(,  iiiiiriy  were  the  prejudices 
ntfiiingt  liiiii  hy  tiie  American  popiiliition  ^encr- 
erally,  as  Huch,  thiit  he  coiiid  (.nly  jrive  these 
gentlemen  liis  conclusioim  witiioiit  commiiiii- 
CHtinj^  in  full  his  roKSons  for  them. 

Hilt  Dr.  Wliitmim  wat*  aware  of  all  tliis  he- 
fore  he  left  for  his  winter  journey  to  the  States 
in  1842.  In  an  interview  with  IJr.  Mcl,aiijrhlin 
lifter  his  return  from  that  journey,  r)r.  Mc- 
Laughlin communicated  to  him  his  own  l)eUef, 
when  Dr.  Whitman  replied.  "  C),  I  ki>;>w  all 
about  this,  and  I  have  known  it  for  twu  years!  "' 
lie  then  referred  to  one  man,  who  perhaps 
more  than  all  others  was  responsible  for  thus 
inspiring  those  Indians  with  hatred  of  the 
whites  and  a  purpose  to  destroy  them,  namely, 
"Tom  Hill,  the  Shawnee."  To  quote  the  lan- 
guage of  Dr.  McLaughlin  himself:  "This  In- 
dian had  been  educated  at  Darinoiith  College 
in  the  States,  and  had  told  the  Indians  that  a 
few  Americans  had  come  to  settit  v^..  the  lands 
of  the  Shawnees;  that  the  Shawnees  allowed 
them,  but  when  the  Americans  were  strong 
enough  they  drove  the  Shawnees  off,  and  now 
the  Shawnees  had  no  land,  and  had  advised 
the  Indians  to  allow  no  Americans  to  settle  on 
their  lands;  which  acivice  the  Indians  are  in- 
clined to  follow  by  killing  the  immigrants  who 
first  came."  Dr.  McLaughlin'  believed,  and 
wrote,  that  the  Iniliaus  would  have  done  so  had 
it  not  been  for  the  cautious  and  decided  manner 
in  which  he  himself  acted  in  this  critical  emer- 
gency. However  this  may  be,  it  is  certain  that 
Dr.  McLaughlin  was  in  a  position,  by  simple 
silence,  to  let  the  Indians  understand  that  his 
company  would  not  be  displeased  if  the  Amer- 
ican settlements  were  destroyed.  I3ut  he  did 
not  keep  silent,  and  it  was  the  fear  the  Indians 
had  of  Dr.  MoLanghlin  and  the  company  he 
controlled,  in  our  opinion,  that  saved  Oregon  in 
1842-'43  from  an  Indian  war  that  would  have 
annihilated  the  small    American  population,  in- 


cluding the  Miii'.-^ioniuy  utiilions,  which  were  all 
American,  if  we  accept  the  Koman  Catholic 
missions,  which  wim'c  all  iinilur  foreign  and 
un-American  auspices. 

With  these  remarks  in  regard  to  the  influence 
and  causes  operating  to  make  certain  and  even 
to  hasten  a  conllict,  we  may  take  up  the  thread 
of  our  story. 

An  incident  that  illustrated  the  s|)irit  that 
was  moving  deep  and  wide,  and  which  resulted 
first  in  fatal  personal  differences  between  the 
Whites  and  Indians  occurred  at  Oregon  City. 
This  was  then  the  chief  town  of  the  Territory.  On 
this  'occasion  it  was  thrown  into  great  alarm 
by  the  vi'^lent  conduct  of  Klockstock,  a  sub- 
chief  of  the  Molalla  tribe,  anil  a  man  of  very 
cruel  and  treacherous  temper,  and  a  small  band 
of  his  followers.  This  band,  led  by  Klockstock, 
were  generally,  responsible  for  the  many  small 
acts  of  hostility,  which  had  annoyed  and  alarmed 
all  the  people  of  the  Willamette  valley.  They 
had  not  proceeded  as  far  as  actual  murder  in 
any  case,  but  were  occasionally  so  violent  as  to 
spread  terror  among  the  settlements,  aiul  make 
the  name  of  Klockstock  and  his  band  a  constant 
dread  in  the  cabins,  of  the  settlers. 

As  stated  before,  Dr.  Elijah  White,  as  sub- 
Indian  agent  west  of  tlie  Itocky  mountains, 
had  prepared  a  code  of  laws  which  had  been  ac- 
cepted by  several  tribes,  for  the  government 
of  the  Indians.  In  accordance  with  this  code 
an  Indian  of  the  Wasco  tribe,  and  a  relative  of 
Klockstock,  having  mistreated  Mr.  Perkins  of 
the  Methodist  mission  at  the  Dalles,  was  pun- 
ished. Klockstock,  with  the  usual  unreason  of 
an  Indian,  held  lh\  White  responsible  for  the 
indignity  thus  offered  his  guilty  kinsman,  and 
determing  to  revenge  the  insult,  visited  Dr. 
White's  home  in  his  absence  and  broke  every 
window  pane  in  the  house.  He  was  pursued, 
but  not  caught;  but  became  an  object  of  terror 
to  the  Doctor,  who  offered  a  reward  of  a  hun- 
dred dollars  for  his  capture.  Learning  this, 
Klockstock  with  four  of  his  band  visited  Oregon 
City  on  the  4th  of  March,  1S44.  for  the  avowed 
purpose   ot   Ijaving   a   -talk"   with  the  whites 


IM 


uisrunr  of  hueoos. 


t(i  vinilicatf  liiiii>flt'  IVuiii  tlic  t-liiirgcH  tliiit  lind 
liccii  iiiitdi-  a^HJiixt  liiiii.  He  rode  i>|i('nl}'  intii 
till'  tnwii,  aii'l  after  rciimiiiing  abuiit  hii  hour 
eroi'sftl  \\\v  river  to  an  Indian  village  on  the 
i)()|i«i."it('  Mv  to  procure  nn  interpreter.  II ii* 
pre.scnce  wne  known,  and  on  hi»  return  tu  the 
city  several  men  atteniptcd  to  arrest  liini,  when 
n  (lexiierate  Hgiit  ensued.  Kiooketock  whh  killed, 
but  hirt  four  followerit  niude  good  their  escape. 
I'lit  Klocki-tock  had  kille<i  (teorjre  W.  Le  Hriton, 
a  jironiinent  citizen,  and  Mr.  liogere,  who  was 
not  participating  in  the  tight,  waa  wounded  in 
the  arm  l>y  a  poisoned  arrow,  which  caused  hi» 
death  in  a  tew  days.  It  does  not  ap])ear  that 
there  was  any  intention  on  the  pari  of  the  In- 
dians at  this  time  to  make  any  attack  upon  the 
wliites,  lint  that  the  ditliculty  was  caused  hy 
the  inconsiderate  action  of  a  few  who  were 
eager  to  iiUtain  tlie  reward  oftered  by  the  Indian 
agent.  Still  the  alarm  was  great,  and  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment issued  a  proclamation  fur  the  organization 
of  a  inititary  company.  This  was  done  on  the 
Kith  of  March  by  the  enrollment  of  nineteen 
names,  and  the  election  of  T.  D.  Keizer  as  cap- 
tain; .1.  L.  Morrison  and  F.  ('.  Carson,  lieuten- 
ants; l)iit  their  >erv ices  were  not  required. 

It  was  not  possible,  however,  that  Oregon 
should  escape  real  Indian  wars.  The  same 
causes  that  liave  always  operated  when  the 
white  and  Indians  races  have  come  into  contact 
to  produce  them  were  operating  here.  That 
they  were  postponetl  so  long  was  largely  owing 
to  the  fact  that  the  early  white  settlers  of  the 
country  were  almo.*t  entirely  missionaries,  and 
that  the  Indians  liad  received  them  as  such,  and 
coi.ld  not  apjireciate  the  fact,  that  the  mission- 
arie>  themselves  well  understood  that  tlioy  were 
but  til?  advanced  guard  of  an  army  of  occupa- 
tion of  the  whites  which  would  soon  spread  over 
the  j)lains  of  Oregon.  Hence  they  were  treated 
with  forbearance,  if  not  veneration,  by  thelndians 
for  at  least  a  decade,  until  the  inflow  of  whites 
had  become  so  great  as  to  both  awaken  the 
gravest  fears  in  the  minds  of  the  Indiana  and 
at  the  same  time  meai^urably  to  overawe  them. 


Still,  the  Indiaiih  grew  more  and  more  suspicion*, 
and  the  leading  men  among  them  more  ami  more 
Kullen  and  threatening.  Nor  did  the  Indians 
fail  to  connect  the  missionaries  with  the  great 
host  of  incoming  wliites  in  the  relation  of  cause 
to  effect,  and  so  hold  them  largely  responsible 
for  the  evil  that  had  come  to  their  tribes  from  the 
presence  of  the  powerful  and  intelligent  white 
race.  When,  therefore,  the  pent-up  imseionsof 
the  Indians  broke  forth  into  murder,  it  was  but 
the  natural  sequence  that  the  blow  that  intro- 
duced the  era  of  Indian  wars,  that  lasted  a 
decade  and  a  half,  should  fall  upon  the  mission- 
aries themselves.  It  fell  like  a  thunderbolt,  on 
the  2»tli  day  of  November,  1847,  on  Dr.  Mar- 
cus Whitman  ami  his  wife,  Narcissa  I'rentisB 
Whitman,  and  their  missionary  station  at 
Waulitpu,  and  with  one  re<l  blow  annihilated 
that  mission  from  the  face  of  the  earth. 

This  most  tragic  event  in  the  history  of  Ore- 
gon must  have  a  double  treatment,  one  in  its 
facts,  and  one  dealing  with  its  causes  and  re- 
sults. The  two  will  necessarily  blend  some- 
what, but  the  intelligent  reader  will  not  fail  to 
distinguish  l)etween  them  as  the  story  pro- 
gresses. 

Waulitpu  was  the  Indian  name  of  the  place 
where  Dr.  Whitman,  in  the  late  autumn  of  1836, 
established  his  mission  station  among  the  Cay- 
use  people.  It  was  situated  on  the  Walla  Walla 
river,  about  twenty  five  miles  from  the  old 
Hudson's  Bay  Company's  fort  of  that  name, 
which  stood  on  the  south  bank  of  the  ('oluinbin, 
and  just  above  tlie  mouth  of  the  Walla  Walla. 
He  had  selected  this  place  because  it  lay  very 
near  the  center  of  the  country  claimed  by  the 
Caynse  tribe,  and  was  easy  of  access,  both  to  the 
Indians  and  the  whites.  His  mission  for  a  time 
seemed  to  be  among  the  n»08t  prosperous  and 
promising  of  all  the  Indian  missions  in  Oregon. 
The  Cayuses  were  intelligent,  active,  though  not 
considered  as  tractable  and  trustworthy  as  their 
relatives,  the  Nez  Perces,  whose  territory  joined 
theirs  on  the  northeast.  Quite  a  number  of  the 
tribe  had  made  a  profession  of  Christianity  un- 
der his  labors,  and   Dr.  Whitman  and  his  co 


niHTOUY    OF    OUKUUS. 


1U7 


Ifthorcrs  liiul  lii^li  \wYc*  tliiit  tilt'  fiitire  trilie 
would  paBH  iitulfr  tliu  iiitliiuiicu  ot  tlie  Ciiriktiuii 
gyhtuiii  (iml  lmli(<f. 

Ti)  liU  work  R»  n  (!liri«tiHn  tenclifi-  Dr.  Wliit- 
miiii  Imd  Hildt'd  tliat  of  ii  int'dicnl  pructitioner, 
BO  tlmt,  to  tlie  HuperstitiouH  Indinii  mind  he 
rhhiiiiumI  II  iiiiu'li  wider  rcHponsiliility  tlmn  lit! 
would  litivo  iiBaiiinud  ns  ii  inerr  tcnclier  of  ro- 
lii^ions  tnitlm.  A«  »  piiyHicieii  lie,  like  their 
own  "  iiu'diciue  iiu'ii,"  wan  Biipposed  to  have 
power  to  heal  or  to  kill  at  pleasure,  aud  however 
iiiiich  he  might  endeavor  to  disftbiise  their 
miiiilH  of  that  belief,  ii  could  never  quite  he 
done,  for  tlu  Indian  mind  is  remarkably  tena- 
cious of  its  superstitions,  and  they  never  quite 
lose  thoirdoiiiinion  over  an  Indian's  action.  As 
useful  as  the  profession  and  practice  of  a  doctor 
mi^^ht  really  he,  they  added  an  element  of  dan- 
ger as  well  as  an  element  ot  strength  to  the 
position  of  Dr.  Whitman. 

The  Doctor  was  a  man  to  draw  about  him  a 
somewhat  large  following  of  assistants  and  de- 
pendents, for  he  was  naturally  a  leader  of  men, 
with  a  strong  personality  and  a  broad  and 
grasping'mind.  IJe  planned  more  brwidly  than 
any  of  his  associates  in  the  missions  of  the 
American  Board,  and  had  more  of  the  strong 
grip  of  executive  power  than  they.  He  had 
opened  quite  an  extensive  farm  and  erected  a 
sawmill  and  flouring-mill.  The  buildings  for 
dwelling,  school,  church  and  other  purposes 
wore  of  quite  a  pretentious  character  for  the 
country,  and  formed  quite  a  hamlet  in  the  midst 
of  the  wide  unhomed  solitudes  of  these  interior 
valleys  and  mountains.  The  dwelling-house 
was  a  large  adobe,  or  sun-dried  brick,  build- 
ing, well  finished  and  furnished,  with  a  large 
library,  and  an  extensive  cabinet.  Connected 
with  it  was  a  large  "  Indian  room,''  as  it  was 
called,  built  for  the  accommodation  and  use  of 
the  Indians  who  were  constantly  or  occasionally 
about-  the  mission,  either  as  employes  in  any 
department  or  on  business,  or  as  mere  loungers. 
It  had  also  an  addition,  seventy  feet  in  length, 
consisting  of  kitchen,  sleeping-room,  school- 
room   and    church.      One   hundred    yards  east 


Htood  H  jar^c  adobe  building,  and  at  anuther 
point  about  the  aame  distance  stood  the  mill, 
granary  kiuI  shops.  Connected  with  the  mis- 
sion was  a  sawmill  situated  on  Mill  creek  on  tlii< 
edge  of  the  Blue  mountains,  about  tifleen  miles 
from  the  station  itself.  Thus  the  mission  was 
situated  at  the  end  of  ten  years  from  its  estab- 
lisiiment  in  183t). 

The  special  work  and  the  general  relations  of 
the  various  mi^iiionary  establishments  of  the 
country  having  been  clrtewhere  considered  it  is 
not  needful  to  recur  to  them  here  further  than 
to  connect  them  with  the  events  that  0|»ene(l 
the  tirnt  Indian  war  of  Oregon.  This  we  do  in 
a  simple  statement  of  historic  facts  with  only  a 
very  brief  discussion  of  the  natural,  and  per- 
haps inevitable,  results  of  those  facts. 

The  establishment  of  Uoinan  Catholic'mis- 
sioiis  in  the  inime<Iiate  vicinity  of  those  of  the 
Protestant  boards  inevitably  confused  the  minds 
of  the  Indians,  aud  led  them  to  look  very  sus- 
piciously upon  the  Protestants.  This  was  the 
more  certainly  and  fatally  the  result  as  they 
fully  understood  that  the  people  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  had  joyfully  welcomed  the  com- 
ing of  the  Ilomish  priests,  and  extended  to  them, 
rather  than  to  the  Protestants,  their  sympathy 
and  support.  Though  not  gifted  with  any  great 
capability  of  ratiocination,  the  Indian  has  quick 
perception  from  obvious  and  occult  facts,  and 
they  could  not  but  comprehend  this,  vliile  they 
Would  entirely  fail  to  comprehend  the  rationale 
of  the  historic  and  theological  differences  and 
argreements  between  the  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  systems.  Hence  they  would  act  from 
whst  they  saw — not  from  the  reason  that  was 
behind  it. 

The  missionaries  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church  had  entered  Oregon  in  1838,  as  noted 
elsewhere.  As  they  count  success,  their  mis- 
sions had  been  very  successful.  They  had 
baptized  many  Indians;  some  authorities  say 
not  less  than  5,000  \>j  the  autnmn  of  1847, 
and  the  priests  were  everywhere,  and  their  zeal 
was  admirable  as  they  went  on  their  mission  of 
proselytisra  from  California  to  British  Colum- 


IDS 


J/lsTOIir    OF    OllKOOK. 


■i  ;;  ! 


I'  i  I 


l)iu.  Tliuir  luiiJui's  wui'c  iistuto  ami  able  men. 
Such  iiiitnes  as  Blanciief,  Oceolti,  DeSiiiot,  .ioset, 
llavalli,  Saiullois,  Dennis,  Brotiillet  and  Halduc 
were  reconled  airong  tlieir  twenty-six  clergy- 
men employed  in  this  field.  As  tlie.ie  names 
indicate,  there  was  not  an  American  among 
them,  liardly  one  who  conld  .-^peak  or  write 
the  Enirlisli  lanjruaffe  with  respectable  accuracy, 
but  they  were  disciplined  and  resolute  and 
self-ilenyinif  men.  Thjy  liroufflit  with  them 
no  families.  They  established  no  communities. 
Tney  lived  with  and  as  the  Indians.  They 
found  them  Indians,  baptizeil  them  into  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  left  them  Indians 
as  they  found  them.  Their  presence,  therefore 
boded  no  change  to  awaken  tlie  apprehensions 
of  the  Indians,  and  hence  they  could  go  and 
eoine,  teach  and  catechise,  baptize  and  confirn; 
at  will,  and  their  imposing  ceremonies  and  eas> 
moral  exactions  completely  captured  the  minds 
of  the  most  of  the  Indians. 

The  more  this  was  true  the  less  could  the 
Protestant  missions  succeed.  Dr.  Whitman's 
mission  in  ])arlicular  was  in  a  position  to  feel 
the  blight  of  their  influence  the  soonest  and 
most  fatally.  From  its  beginning  some  of  the 
Cayuses  were  iiostile  to  the  mission,  more  were 
indifferent,  and  a  small  number  were  favorable. 
Tam-su-ky.  an  iiiHuential  chief,  who  rt^sided  not 
far  from  Waulitpu,  was  the  leader  of  the  opposers 
of  the  mission,  'i'lieir  opposition  became  more 
bitter  after  the  Romish  pi'iests  entered  the 
country,  and  was  still  more  intensified  after  Dr. 
Whitman  returned  from  the  Kast  with  the 
great  train  of  etnigrantsof  1843.  To  add  to  the 
impulse  which  was  moving  the  Cayiiso  |)eople 
toward  munler  and  war.  in  1S45,  -'Tom  Hill," 
a  Delaware  Indian,  lived  among  the  Nez  For- 
ces and  told  them  that  the  missonaries  first 
visited  his  people.  Iiut  were  soon  followed  by 
other  Americans,  who  took  away  their  lands. 
He  visited  Waulitpu  and  repeated  the  same 
story  to  the  Cayuse.  Of  course  the  Indians 
were  still  more  alarmed. 

In  another  year  ancither  Indian,  or  half-iireed, 
came   among    them,    wheiica   and   from   whom 


history  has  failed  to  certify.  His  name  was 
Joe  Lewis.  IIj  reaffirmed  the  statements 
of  Tom  Hill.  Under  these  infineuces  com- 
bined with  a  desire  on  the  part  of  many  if  not 
most  of  the  tribe  to  secure  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic relitfion.  Dr.  Whitman's  work  withered 
away  under  them.  His  most  trustworthy  friends 
among  the  Indians,  Um-howl-isli  and  Stick-ns, 
warned  him  of  liis  danger,  and  advised  him  to 
ai)andon  his  work.  Archibald  McKinley,  then 
in  charge  of  Fort  Walla  Walla,  emphasized*  the 
warning  and  repeated  the  advice.  Thomas  Mc- 
Kayre  repeated  it.  Dr.  Whitman  knew  the  dan- 
ger, understood  the  influences  that  were  destroy- 
ing his  work  and  im  periling  his  life,  but,  brave 
man  that  he  was,  he  faced  them  all.  How  could 
he  have  done  otherwise? 

Still,  in  the  fall  of  1847,  Dr.  Whitman  decided 
to  remove  to  the  Dalles  as  soon  as  arrangements 
could  be  completed.  He  went  there  himself  and 
received  from  the  Methodist  mission,  which  had 
decided  to  abandon  that  field,  the  premises  it 
held  at  that  place  as  a  gift  to  the  American 
Hoard.  On  arriving  at  Wal)a  Walla,  about  the 
10th  of  September,  he  found  four  Romish  priests 
at  the  place,  arranging  to  establish  a  mission 
under  the  very  shadow  of  Waulitpu.  At  their 
head  was  Father  A.  ^[.  A.  HIanchet,  a  smooth, 
yet  resolute  and  able  man,  self-poised  to  a  re- 
markable o..,gree,  and  unrelenting  in  his  pur- 
poses and  aims.  With  him  was  Hrouillet,  per- 
haps fully  the  e<jual  of  Blaiichet  in  ability  of 
every  kind,  though  not  his  equal  in  rank.  Com- 
ing just  at  this  crisis  in  the  work  of  Dr.  Whit- 
man, they  found  it  easy  to  win  over  to  their 
cause  much  the  larger  part  of  the  Indians.  The 
fact  that  thoy  came  to  supplant  Dr.  AV^hitman 
on  the  ve.'v  field  of  his  eleven  years"  toil  coiihl 
not  but  have  the  effect  of  making  the  Indians 
believe  that  these  new  religious  teacliers  would 
be  only  too  glad  to  see  Dr.  Whitman's  misBion 
destroyc<l,  even  if  they  did  not  desire  hie  own 
death.  It  was  not  necessary  that  they  should 
suggest  or  advise  this  course;  the  suggestion 
was  in  their  very  presence  and  in  the  nature  of 
their   work,  and   it    is   not  probable   that    they 


itrsTOHY  Oh'  oiiKnoN. 


199 


iimde  iiiiy  other.  Certainly  this  writer  has  never 
fouiid  any  coiivincitig  evideiiee  that  tlioy  did. 
Still  itseern.s  tolerably  certain  tliat  with  murder 
and  destruction  palpitating  in  the  very  air,  they 
spoke  no  word  and  did  no  deed  against  it. 

Hoping  that  the  storni  of  wratii  that  he  i*nw 
plainly  impending  would  not  burst  upon  him 
before  another  year  Dr.  Whitman,  after  his  re- 
turn from  the  Dalles,  settled  down  to  the  calm 
pursuit  of  his  missionary  work.  Meantime  the 
large  immigration  of  1847  came  pouring  down 
from  tlie  Hiue  mountains  upon  the  plains  of 
Columbia.  Tliere  was  much  sickness  among 
the  emigrants,  the  measles  and  dysentery  pre- 
V  .iling  to  an  alarming  e.\tent.  These  soon  be- 
came epidemic  among  the  Indians,  many  of 
wliom,  despite  the  remedies  administered  by  Dr. 
Whitman  and  the  most  careful  attention  of  Mrs. 
Whitman,  died  of  these  diseases.  Joe  J^ewis 
took  a  horrible  advantage  of  this  sitnation  to 
further  prejudice  tlie  Indians'  minds  against 
the  mission.  He  told  them  that  the  Doctor 
was  administering  poison  to  tliem,  and  that  he 
intended  to  kill  them  all  oft' that  the  Americans 
miiflit  take  their  lands.  We  detailed  conversa- 
tions  that  he  professed  to  have  overheard  be-' 
tween  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Whitman,  in  which  the 
Doctor  complained  hecause  tiie  Indians  were 
not  dying  fast  enough.  He  also  asserted  tliat 
IJrouillet,  the  Roman  Catliolic  priest,  had  told 
him  that  the  Doctor  was  giving  the  Indians 
poison.  Falling  upon  the  e.vcited  minds  of  the 
Indians  those  statesments  were  like  fire  in 
powder.  The  explosion  was  sure  to  come,  and 
it  meant  destruction  when  it  came. 

Of  course  it  is  not  necessary  to  say  to  tlit,  in- 
telligent rea<ler  that  there  was  no  foundation  for 
these  statements.  They  were  the  sheer  in- 
ventions of  a  murderous  villain,  who,  after  hav- 
ing shared  the  hospitality  and  care  of  Dr.  Wiiit- 
man  and  Mrs.  Wliitman,  was  hase  enough  to 
plot  their  destruction.  The  presence  of  the 
priest  at  this  time,  and  his  active  proselytism 
of  the  Indians  to  Romanism,  was  indeed  an  in- 
cendiary influence  suflicient  to  set  tlie  Indians 
into  an   unreHsoning  and   fatal  excitement,  but 


it  cannot  he  considereu  lik(dy  that  ho  made  to 
liCwis  the  statement  averred,  or  even  that  he 
i  fully  anticipated  the  terrible  tragedy  that  so 
soon  followed.  The  justice  of  history  requires 
this  statement,  but  it  requires  also  the  additional 
one  that  he  did  state  to  the  Indians  tliat  Dr. 
Whitman  was  a  bad  man,  and  that  what  he  was 
teaching  Uiem  was  a  false  religion,  and  if  they 
believed  it  they  would  certainly  go  to  hell.  In 
the  blindness  and  prejudice  of  his  sectarian  zeal 
he  might  have  believed  all  this,  and  even  have 
justified  tohis  own  conscience,  on  the  well-known 
principles  of  Jesuitism,  the  making  of -the  state- 
luent,  hut  it  would  be  too  severe  a  shock  to  our 
faith  in  hnraanity  to  believe  that  he  counseled 
or  sought  the  murder  of  these  noble  missiona- 
ries. The  writer  of  this  history  has  been  for 
many  years  acquainted  with  quite  a  number  of 
the  Indians  associated  with  Dr.  Whitman  before 
and  at  the  time  of  the  massacre,  also  with  several 
of  the  suft'erers  in  the  terrible  tragedy,  and  the 
sum  of  all  the  evidence  he  could  gather  from 
these,  as  well  as  the  residiwim  of  the  testimony 
of  all  who  have  written  on  the  subject,  confirms 
him  in  this  judgment.  To  array  the  evidences, 
which  have  thus  satisled  his  own  mind,  would 
be  unnecessarily  to  weary  the  reader  of  this 
work. 

As  the  autum..  wore  on  Dr.  Whitman  fully 
recognized  the  impending  danger.  To  avert  it 
he  endeavored  to  secure  the  presence  of  Thomas 
McKay,  one  of  tlie  most  influential  and  sensible 
of  the  early  mountaineers,  during  the  winter, 
but  could  not  succeed.  Meanwhile  the  story  of 
Joe  Lewis  was  working  its  direful  way  in  the 
minds  of  the  Indians.  The  wife  of  Tam-su-ky, 
the  leader  of  those  who  were  determined  to  drive 
off  Dr.  Whitman,  was  sick.  He  resolved  to 
put  the  poison  theory  to  a  practical  test  liy  ob- 
taining some  medicine  of  the  Doctor  and  ad- 
ministering it  to  her.  If  she  recovered  lie  would 
not  helieve  the  story;  if  she  died  the  mission- 
aries must  also  die.  The  test  was  made.  The 
woman  died,  thus  the  fate  of  the  missionaries 
was  decided. 

Sabbath  at  tlo  mission   was  a  day  when  large 


;**^ 


300 


lIIsroltY    OF    OKEGON. 


t!  !t    i 


11 


!..; 


^\ 


i 


ntiinbei-8  of  the  Indians  gathered,  some  for  wor- 
shi]),  and  some  lor  the  excitement  of  a  crowd. 
The  t'rienils  of  tho  mission  were  sure  to  Ije  tliere 
on  that  day.  The  28tli  of  Noveini)er,  that  year, 
was  Sunday,  and  as  usual  religious  services  were 
hold,  a  considerahle  number  of  the  Indians  par- 
ticipatinir  in  them.  Tam-su-ky  and  his  followers 
had  fixed  on  Monday  for  their  murderous  deed, 
as  tliev  knew  but  few  if  any  of  the  Indian  friends 
of  Dr.  Whitman  would  be  present.  On  that  day, 
Novctnl)er  29,  1847,  about  fifty  of  the  followers 
of  Tain-su-ky  gathered  at  the  inission.  Their 
gathering  awakened  the  apprehensions  of  the 
whites,  as  it  was  so  unusual  to  see  such  numbers 
present  except  on  Sunday.  Still  the  wor!:  of 
the  establishment,  indoors  and  out,  went  on  as 
usual.  Dr.  Whitman  was  in  his  office,  sittinix 
in  a  chair  and  preparing  a  prescription  for  an 
Indian.  Mrs.  Whitman  was  in  an  upper  room 
busied  in  her  duties.  The  Indians  were  scat- 
tered aiout  the  yard,  a  few  l)eii:g  in  the  Doctor's 
oflice.  Suddenly  the  murderous  attack  began. 
Dr.  Whitman  was  cloven  down  by  the  blow  of 
a  tomahawk  wielded  by  Tarn  a- has,  an  Indian  of 
such  a  cruel  nature  as  to  be  known  among  his 
own  people  as  "  the  murderer."  Mrs.  Whit- 
man was  shot  in  the  breast  while  standing  at  a 
window  to  which  she  had  stepped  on  hearing 
the  noise  of  the  sudden  outburst,  liut  a  few 
Indians  were  actively  engaged  in  tiie  murder- 
ous onslaught,  the  rest  looked  stolidly  on.  Only 
one  or  two  of  the  Whitman  Indians  were  pres- 
ent and  they  were  not  permitted  to  interfere. 

It  would  serve  no  good  purpose  to  relate  the 
actual  details  of  tiie  horrible  tragedy.  Indeed 
most  that  has  been  written  of  them  \t  so  tinged 
with  the  i'  lagination  of  the  writers  that  it 
would  lie  impossible  to  give  them  as  they  oc- 
curred, even  were  it  desirable  to  do  so.  The  vic- 
tims of  the  murderous  fury  of  the  Indiana  were 
Dr.  Marcus  Whitman,  Mrs.  Xarcissa  Prentiss 
Whitman,  ilohn  Sager,  Frances  Sager,  Crocket 
Hewly,  Mr.  liogers.  Air.  Kimball,  Mr.  Sales, 
Mr.  Marsh,  Mr.  Saunders,  Mr.  Young,  Mr. 
Iloffnum,  and  Isaac,  Gillen. 

With  the  personal  and  sectarian  criminations 


and  recriminations  that  have  arisen  out  of  this 
most  tragic  event  in  Oregon  history,  we  think 
it  not  wise  to  blur  these  pages.  While  the  at- 
titude of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  toward 
the  American  settlers  and  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic Church  toward  the  Protestant  missions  was 
such" as  to  place  such  events  as  this  as  natural, 
and  almost  inevitable  I'esults  of  that  attitude, 
tio  satisfactory  evidence  has  appeared  that  they 
were  planned  or  intended.  Hence  we  are  ready 
to  leave  their  discussion  with  this  statement, 
feeling  sure  that,  while  a  large  moral  responsi- 
bility for  the  destruction  of  the  mission  of  Wau- 
litpu  and  the  murder  of  those  who  had  labored 
so  earnestly  and  long  for  the  welfare  of  Indians, 
must  rest  upon  the  unseemly  zeal  of  these  tierce 
sectaries  of  Komanism.  as  well  as  upon  the  well- 
known  opposition  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany to  everything  American,  tlie  Indians  were 
carried  by  their  ignorance  and  j)assion  far  be- 
yond the  intentions  of  either  the  priest.'^,  wliose 
teachings  inflamed  them,  or  the  company  whose 
desire,  as  they  understood  it,  had  been  so  long 
a  law  unto  them.  If,  during  the  frenzy  of 
that  day  of  blood,  neither  party  interfered  to 
avert  or  soften  the  blow,  or  if,  immediately  fol- 
lowing it,  either  or  both  declined  assistance  to 
the  fugitive  sufferers  who  had  escaped  massa- 
cre, we  set  it  down  more  to  the  weakness  of  the 
individuals  who,  for  the  time,  stood  as  repre- 
sentatives of  the  eoinps.ny  and  the  church,  than 
to  these  bodies  themselves.  Ila<l  McKinley  or 
Ogden,  or  Douglas  been  in  charge  of  Fort  Walla 
Walla  instead  of  McBean  when  the  fugitives 
from  Waulitpu  lay  at  its  gate  asking  for  succor, 
the  suffering  i'amily  of  Osborn,  hiding  in  the 
willows  near  Waulitpu  during  those  freezing 
nights,  would  have  been  at  onje  sought  out  and 
cared  for.  The  fugitive  and  frightened  Hall 
woidd  not  have  been  put  over  the  Columbia 
river  and  left  in  the  wintry  desert  among  the 
savages  to  starve  or  be  killed,  -^ne  of  which  must 
needs  occur,  as  he  was  by  the  heartless  coward- 
ice of  McBean.  So  much  history  must  fairly 
record,  but  in  the  recording  this  it  must  not  for- 
get that  such  men  do  not  fitly  represent  all  men, 


t  of  this 
fe   think 
e  the  at- 
y  toward 
n  Catho- 
ions  was 
natural, 
attitude, 
hat  tliey 
ru  ready 
iteinent, 
espouHi- 
of  Wan- 
labored 
Indians, 
«•'  fieree 
tlie  well- 

ay  Com- 

ins  were 
far  he- 

•<  whose 

y  whose 
80  long  . 

^enzy  of 

•fered  to 

tely  fol- 


THI':  TIIRKE  SISTERS 


|v 


M 


A  VIEW  OF  PORTLAND,  OREGON 


L 


1 

^BI^K' 

■  I'.i 

1 

mm 

■i«iiiiii<PiiMMgii 


HISTORY    OF    ORBOON. 


SOI 


nor  even    most  men,  but    stand  for   themselves 
alone. 

An  exprei?w  was  sent  at  once  from  P'ort  Walla 
Walla  to  Mr.  James  Uonglas,  chief  factor  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  at  Vancouver,  with 
intelligence  of  the  massacre.  In  iiarmony  with 
his  past  want  of  comprehension  and  spirit,  Mr. 
McBean  instructed  the  courier  carrying  the 
message  not  to  communicate  the  fact  of  the 
massacre  to  the  whites  at  the  Dalles  as  he 
passed,  thus  leaving  them  exposed,  without 
warning,  to  the  fate  that  had  befallen  AVaulitpu. 
On  the  arrival  of  the  courier  at  Vancouver,  the 
action  of  Mr.  Douglas  was  proin]>t  and  eflFect- 
ive,  entirely  sufficient  to  set  at  rest  all  question 
as  to  the  complicity  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany in  any  way  with  the  sad  events  that  had 
just  occurred.  He  immediately  sent  a  courier 
express  with  a  message  notifying  Governor 
Abernethy,  at  Oregon  City,  of  what  had  taken 
place.  Without  waiting  for  any  action  by  the 
governor  or  the  American  settlers,  he  immedi- 
ately dispatched  Mr.  Peter  Skeen  Ogden,  one  of 
the  most  influential  and  able  factors  of  the  com- 
pany, with  an  armed  force  to  the  scene  of  the 


tragedy.  Mr.  Ogden  held  a  council  with  the 
Cay  uses  at  Fort  Walla  Walla.  He  declared  the 
great  displeasure  of  the  company  at  their  con- 
duct. He  proposed  to  ransom  the  forty-seven 
prisoners,  chiefly  women  and  children,  that  they 
held  in  captivity.  Hin  prompt  and  decisive 
action  resulted  in  the  delivery  of  these  jwor 
people  from  their  captivity.  On  J(»,ii>.ary  1, 
1848,  iifty  Nez  Perces  from  Lapwai  arrived 
with  Mr.  Spaulding  and  ten  others,  who  had 
also  been  in  great  peril  from  the  contagion  of 
murder  which  had  spread  through  all  the 
neighboring  tribes  by  the  action  of  Cayu.-ie8,and 
who  were  also  held  as  prisoners  by  the  Nez 
Perces.  These  were  also  ransomed  by  Mr. 
Ogden,  and  thus  all  the  whites  in  the  infected 
district  were  delivered  oat  of  the  hands  of  the 
savages  by  the  resolute  action  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  Wore  the  Americans  had  time 
to  act.  On  January  10  the  rescued  prisoners 
were  delivered  over  to  Governor  Abeniefhy  by 
tlie  nndson's  Bay  Company's  people,  at  Oregon 
City.  Thus  closed  the  opening  and  bloody 
chapter  of  the  Indian  wars  of  Oregon. 


-^mm^^^^^--- 


nrsTOUY    OF    OREOON. 


riIAl'TP:K    XXIII.  , 

INDIAN  WAHS,  CONTINUED. 

(iliKAT  Af.AKMS — Cam.  KOIJ  VoI.UNTKKKS — AcTION-OF   Li;(iISI,ATDUK KeGIMKNT  ()R(iANI/,i;i) RoSTKK 

UK  COMI'ANIKS TkoOI'8  MoVK  To   TIIK    DaM.ES MaUCII  TOWAKl)  Wauliti'ii- -JJatti.k  (iF    SaNI) 

IIoi.i.DW — Indians  Vwa.  Hack  towai!!)  Snakk  Uivku — Dkath  ok  Colonkl  Giixiam — NEdo- 
TiATioNs — Mr.  ()(;i)i;.\ — Dia'UTAiioN  ok  Indians  to  Oregon  Citv — Indians  Taken  and  Exe- 

CITED. 


U'i:! 


fii' 


'IIKX  tlie  iiitelliVeiice  of  tlio  murder  of 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wliitinaii  and  tlieii'  asso- 
ciates reached  Governor  Aberiiethy  at 
Oregon  City,  the  Leirjslature  of  the  ])rovisi()nal 
governineiit  was  in  session.  A  call  for  volun- 
teers, to  proceed  at  once  to  the  Dalles  and  take 
possession  of  tliat  place,  was  at  once  issued. 
Great  tears  were  entertained  that  the  Indians  of 
the  interior  might  assail  the  settlements  of  the 
Willanu'tte  valley  by  the  way  of  the  Columbia 
rivei'.  the  only  way  that  valley  could  be  reached 
by  them  in  the  winter.  The  e.Ktent  of  the  de- 
fection of  the  Indians  was  not  known  at  the 
capital;  hence  provision  must  be  made  for  any 
contingency  at  once.  On  the  night  of  the  8th 
(jf  December,  the  very  day  the  news  of  the 
massacre  reached  Oregon  City,  a  public  meet- 
ing was  held  in  that  place,  and  a  company  was 
organized,  under  the  name  of  the  "Oregon 
Kities,"  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  Dalles  and 
take  possession  of  that  strategic  point.  Henry 
A.  (t.  Lee  was  made  captain,  and  Joseph  Ma- 
i;one  and  John  K.  Ross,  lieutenants  of  it.  The 
Legislature  pledged  the  credit  of  the  provisional 
government  to  secure  equipments  for  the  com- 
pany, but  the  Hudson's  BayComj)any  preferred 
the  individual  responsibility  of  the  committee 
of  the  Legislature  who  applied  for  the  ecjuip- 
ments.  This  was  given,  and  erms  and  ammu- 
nitions were  issueil  to  the  company,  which 
arrived  at  Vancouver  on  the  10th,  only  two 
days  after  its  organization,  to  receive  them.  On 
tile  Slst  they  reached  the   Dalles,  and  the  dan- 


ger of  an  Indian  invasion  of  the  AV^illamette  was 
over  for  the  winter.  But  this  did  not  end:  it 
only  began  the  war.  The  scattered  people  of 
Oregon  could  not  rest,  indeed  they  dared  not 
rest,  with  the  murders  of  Waulitpu  unavenged 
and  the  murderers  still  at  large.  To  have  done 
80  would  have  been  to  invite  a  bloody  Indian 
war  from  end  to  end  of  the  country. 

The  action  of  the  Legislature  and  of  Gov- 
ernor .Xbernethy  was  jirompt  and  effective.  On 
December  9  an  act  was  passed  and  approved  for 
the  organization  of  a  regiment  of  fourteen  com- 
panies, and  their  e(juipment  for  service.  The 
brave  pioneers  of  Oregon  resjionded  with  patri- 
otic devotion  to  the  call,  furnishing  their  own 
arms,  equipments  and  horses.  The  men  who 
led  were  the  men  of  mark  then  and  subse- 
quently in  Oregon  history,  an<l  it  seems  only  a 
proper  recognition  of  their  patriotism  and 
bravery  to  place  their  names  on  the  pages  of 
every  history  of  those  thrilling  times  in  the 
story  of  the  Northwest.  Here  is  a  roster  of  the 
otHcers: 

KlliLD    AND    STAKK. 

Colonel,  Cornelius  Gilliam;  Lieutenant-Coio- 
nel,  James  Waters;  Major,  II.  A.  G.  Leo;  Adju- 
tant, I).  F.  Burch;  Surgeon,  W.  M.  Carpenter; 
Assistant  Surgeons,  F.  Sneiderand  Il.Safarans; 
Commissary,  .Fuel  Palmer;  (Quartermaster,  B. 
Jennings;  Paymaster,  L.  1>.  Knox;  Juclge  Ad- 
vocate, J.  S.  Uinearson. 


IITSTORT    OF    OliEGOX. 


SOS 


LINK     0FKICEK8. 

Conipany  A,  fifty-live  men.  Captain,  Lun- 
rencc  IJall;  First  l.ieuteiiant,  11.  D.  O'Hiyant; 
Second  Lieutenant,  John  Engent. 

Company  11,  forty-three  men.  Captain,  J. 
W.  Owens;  First  Lieutenant,  A.  T.  Rogers; 
Second  Lieutenant,  T.  C.  Sliaw. 

Company  C,  eighty-four  men.  Captain,  II. 
J.  G.  Maxon;  First  Lieutenant,  I.  N.  Gilbert; 
Second  Lieutenant,  W.  1'.  Pugh. 

Company  D,  thirty-six  men.  Captain,  Tliomas 
McKay ;  First  Lieutenant,  Charles  McKay ;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  Alexander  McKay. 

Company  D,  fifty-two  men.  Captain,  Phil. 
F.  Thompson;  P^irst  Lieutenant,  James  Brown; 
Second  Lieutenant,  J.  M.  Garrison. 

Company  E,  forty- four  men.  Captain,  L.  N. 
English;  First  Lieutenant,  William  Shaw;  Sec- 
ond Lieutenant,  M.  F.  Nnnkers. 

Company  E,  tiiirtysix  men.  Ca|)tain,  Will- 
iam Martin;  First  Lieutenant,  A.  E.  Garrison; 
Second  Lieutenant,  David  Waters. 

Company  E,  sixty-three  men.  Captain,  Will- 
iam P.  Pugh;  First  Lieutenant,  N.  R.  Doty; 
Second  Lieutenant,  M.  Ranisley. 

Company  G,  sixty-six  men.  Captain,  J.  W. 
Xesmith;  First  Lieutenant,  J.  S.  Snook;  Second 
Lieutenant,  M.  Gilliam. 

Company  II,  forty-nine  men.  Captain,  G. 
W^.  Hennett;  First  Lieutenant,  J.  R.  Bevin; 
Second  Lieutenant.  J .  li.  Payne. 

Company  I,  thirty-six  men.  Captain.  W. 
Shaw;  First  Lieutenant.  D.  Crawford;  Second 
Lieutenant,  15.  Davis. 

Company  No.  7,  twenty  seven  men.  Cap- 
tain, J.  M.  Garrison;  First  Lieutenant,  A.  E. 
Garrison;  Second  Lieutenant,  John  llerron. 

F.  S.  Waters'  Guard,  tifty-sevon  men.  Cap- 
tain, William  Martin;  First  Lieutenant,  D. 
We.ston;  Second  Lieutenant,  B.  Taylor. 

Reorganized  Company.  Captain,  John  E. 
Ross;  First  Lieutenant,  D.  P.  Barnes;  Second 
Lieutenant,  W.  W.  Porter. 

This  roster  shows  a  force  of  about  600  enlist- 
ments besides  field  and  staff  otiicers,  and  with 


this  force  Colonel  (William  proceeded  to  the 
Dalles  the  last  of  February,  1848.  On  the  27th, 
with  a  hundred  and  thirty  men  he  inov(>d  for- 
wa^'I  and  crossed  the  Dcs  Chutes  river,  wliere 
he  was  fn'rly  within  the  enemy's  oountry.  A  ' 
reconnoisnanco  led  by  Major  Lee  up  that  river, 
al)out  twenty  miles,  discovered  a  hostile  camp, 
engaged  it,  when  the  party  returned  and  re- 
ported to  the  colonel.  On  the  following  day 
colonel  Gilliam  moved  up  to  the  same  place, 
and  the  next  morning  had  a  skirmisii  with  the 
Indians  of  the  Des  Clintes  tribe,  which  resulted 
in  a  defeat  of  their  forces,  and  was  followed  by 
a  treaty  of  peace  which  witlidrew  this  band 
from  the  hostiles  for  the  remainder  of  the  war. 
Though  attended  with  little  fatality  the  result 
of  this  movement  was  very  important,  as  it 
would  have  been  entirely  unsafe  for  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  Gilliam  to  have  moved  forward 
leaving  this  hostile  band  in  its  rear,  and  between 
it  and  the  Willamette  valley,  which  would 
iiave  been  thus  opened  to  depredation. 

Colonel  Gilliam  immediately  pushed  forward 
toward  Waulitpu.  about  a  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  distant.  His  route  was  over  an  open, 
treeless  country  of  great  rolling  liills,  poorly 
watered,  full  of  ravines  and  gulches  that  aftorded 
many  opportunities  for  the  peculiar  tactics  of 
Indian  warfare.  At  Sand  Hollow,  about  half 
way  from  the  Des  Chutes  to  Waulit])n,  the 
Indians  were  encountered  in  force.  Their  field 
was  well  chosen.  It  was  a  deep  depression 
among  the  sandy  hills,  full  of  cuts  and  wa.^hos, 
affording  excellent  hiding  places  for  the  Indians, 
and  extended  across  the  emigrant  roaJ,  on  which 
the  column  was^advancing.  Up  to  this  time  it 
was  uncertain  whether  the  entire  Cayuse  nation 
would  enter  the  war  to  protect  the  murderers 
or  not,  many  believing  that  a  large  number  of 
them  would  not.  But  here  all  were  undeceived. 
The  great  body  of  Cayuse  warriors,  under  the 
command  of  their  head  chief,  Five  Crowe, 
and  a  chief  named  "  War  Eagle,''  ottered  to  the 
volunteer  force  the  gauge  of  battle,  whi.'!.  was 
promptly  accepted.  Upon  the  company  r  Cap- 
tain McKay  the  first  asssiu'i  ••as  made.     Five 


204 


UlSTOHV    OF    Olth'OON. 


III:'! 


Kl 


CrowB  and  War  Kaglo  l)otli  made  iireteiisions  to 
the  possession  of  wizard  powi-rs  and  to  demon- 
strate tlieir  powers  to  their  own  people  daslied 
out  of  tlieir  ooncealnients,  rode  down  close  to 
the  volunteers  and  shot  a  little  dog  that  came 
out  of  the  ranks  to  hark  at  ilieni.  Tiie  orders 
were  not  to  lire,  but  Ca[)tHiM  Melva}''8  Scotch 
hlood  was  up,  and  bringing  liis  rifle  to  his  face 
he  took  deliberate  aim  at  War  Kafj;le  and  drove 
a  bullet  through  his  head,  killing  him  instantly. 
Lieutenant  McKay  tired  his  s-hotgnn  at  Kive 
Crows  without  aim,  and  wounded  him  so  badly 
that  he  was  compelle<l  to  give  up  the  command 
of  his  warriors.  Disheartening  as  was  this  open- 
ing of  the  battle  to  the  Indians,  they  continued 
it  until  late  in  the  afternoon.  During  the  buttle 
Captain  Maxon's  compaiiy  followed  a  party  of 
retreating  Indians  so  far  that  they  found  them- 
selves surrounded,  and  in  the  sharp  engagement 
that  followed  eight  of  his  men  were  disabled. 
Before  nightfall  the  Indians  drew  off  the  field. 
The  regiment  camped  upon  it  without  water, 
while  the  Indians,  who  had  retired  but  a  short 
distance,  built  their  fires  on  a  circle  of  hills 
aliout  two  miles  in  advance.  The  next  day  Col- 
onel Gilliam  moved  forward,  the  Indians  retir- 
ing before  him,  and  reached  Waulitpu  the  third 
day  after  the  battle. 

The  main  body  of  Indians  fell  back  toward 
Sjiake  river.  The  volunteers  followed,  making 
fruitless  attempts  to  induce  the  surrender  of  the 
murderers  of  Waulitpu.  Colonel  Gilliam  re- 
solved on  a  raid  into  the  country  north  of  the 
river.  On  his  way  he  surprised  a  camp  of  Cay- 
uses  near  that  stream,  among  whom  were  some 
of  the  murderers.  The  crafty  Indians  deceived 
the  colonel  with  professions  of  friendship,  and 
pointed  out  some  horses  on  the  hills  that  they 
said  belonged  to  those  he  was  anxious  to  kill  or 
capture,  while  the  parties  themselves  were  far 
out  of  reach  beyond  Snake  river.  The  column 
started  to  return  toward  Walla  Walla,  but  all 
the  wariors  of  the  camp  were  soon  mounted  on 
war  horses  and  assailed  the  column  on  all  sides, 
forcing  the  volunteers  to  ttght  their  way  as  they 
fell  back.     All  day  and  into  the  night  the  run- 


ning fight  continued,  and  when  Colonel  Gilliam 
reached  Touchet  river,  he  ordered  the  captured 
horses  turned  loose.  When  the  Indians  regained 
possession  of  them  they  returned  again  toward 
Snake  river,  and  the  volunteers  continued  their 
retrograde  movement  to  the  nussion. 

Soon  after  reaching  the  mission  station  at 
Waulitpu,  Colonel  Gilliam  started  to  return  to 
the  Dalles,  designing  also  to  visit  Oregon  ('ity 
and  report  to  the  governor.  While  camped  at 
Will  Springs,  not  far  from  the  battle-ground  of 
Sand  Hollow,  he  was  killed  by  tlie  accidental 
discharge  of  a  gun,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Waters  was  elected  by  the  regiment  to  its  com- 
mand. 

A  board  of  commissioners  had  been  sent  by 
the  Legislature  with  the  volunteers  to  negotiate 
for  the  peaceful  settlement  of  the  difticnlties, 
but  all  their  attempts  to  bring  the  Indians  to 
terms  failed.  They  demanded  the  surrender  of 
those  who  committed  the  murders  at  Waulitpu, 
and  that  the  Indians  should  pay  all  damages  to 
emigrants  who  had  been  robbed  or  attacked 
while  p;v  ".lug  through  the  country  of  the  Cay- 
uses.  The  Indians  refused  to  do  either.  Tliey 
wished  only  to  be  let  alone,  and  the  Americans 
to  call  the  account  balanced.  As  the  Ameri- 
cans would  not  do  this,  the  Cayuses  abandoned 
their  country  and  crossed  the  Rocky  mountains 
to  hunt  for  Buffalo.  The  volunteers  could  only 
leave  the  country  and  return  to  the  Willamette 
valley.  This  practically  ended  the  Cayuso  war 
so  far  as  active  operations  in  tiie  field  were  con- 
cerned. In  a  few  months  the  Indians  desired 
to  return,  but  they  were  made  to  understand 
that  peace  could  never  exist  between  tlieni  and 
the  Americans  unless  the  murderers  were  given 
up  for  punishment.  Finally,  they  sent  a  deputa- 
tion of  five  chiefs  to  Oregon  City  to  have  a 
talk  with  Governor  Lane,  who  had  succeeded 
Mr.  Abernethy  as  chief  executive.  They 
were  thrown  into  prison,  tried,  condemned, 
and  executed  on  the  3d  day  of  June,  1850. 
Many  doubted  their  guilt.  The  chiefs  them- 
selves declared  their  innocence  of  the  mur- 
ders.    They  declared   that   there  were  but  ten 


IIIHTORY    OF    OHKOON. 


•jor, 


IiiiiiaiiH  concerned  in  the  iniinlers,  and  aitirnicd 
that  they  were  bU  dead  already.  It  ucoins  proh- 
ablo  tliat  tlieir  story  was  correct  in  tlie  main, 
and  that  the  men  wiio  were  executed  were  not 
those  who  perpetrated  the  iiorrid  deed.  Such, 
the  writer  knows  to  have  been  the  judgment  of 
Mr.  Spaulding,  who  was  well  acquainted  with 
tiiem  all,  and  with  the  real  perpetrators  of  the 
murders.  Such,  too,  is  the  statement  made  to 
the  writer  a  few  years  ago  by  Um-Ilowl-Ish,  and 


others  of  tlie  Cayuees,  who  were  friends  of  Dr. 
Whitman  and  retained  a  very  aifectionate  ro- 
mernljrance  of  liim  as  long  as  they  lived. 

Witli  tills  execution,  however,  the  whiter  in 
the  main  were  satisfied,  as  the  Indians  were 
overawed  by  it  and  fears  of  further  hostilities 
were  allayed.  Still  it  may  be  considered  a 
case  in  which,  at  least,  the  comparatively  inno- 
cent suffered  for  the  really  guilty. 


-^^m!^^'^ 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

INDIAN   WARS,  CONTINUED. 

Ctenekai.  Disquiet — War  Opened — Table  Rock — Gknekai.  Lane — Battle — Treaty — TiiK 
Peace  Talk — An  Inoian  Chief  Killed— Pkack — All  Still  Restless — Chanoe  of  Scene — 
BoisK  RivKR  Massacre — War  of  lR55-'5f)  — Extknt  of  the  Uprisino — Outbreak  in 
Illinois  Valley — Attack  on  Indians  at  Table  Rook — Results — Heroisji  of  Mrs. 
Harris — Great  Alarm— Number  of  Indians — Number  of  Forces — Prompt  Action — 
Governor  Curry — Grand  Creek— Battle — Fenlun  op  Ciiampoeq — Indians  Retire. 


fROM  the  close  of  the  "Cayuse  war,''  re- 
sulting from  the  death  of  Dr.  Whitman 
and  his  associates,  there  was  peace  between 
the  Indians  and  the  whites  until  the  autumn  of 
1853,  when  war  again  broke  out  in  southern 
Oregon.  This,  like  all  the  Indian  wars  of 
Oregon,  began  suddenly  by  the  perpetration  of 
several  murders  committed  by  members  of  sev- 
eral bands  of  Indians,  whose  usual  habitat  was 
on  Rogue  river,  and  in  the  raountains  contiguous 
to  its  valley.  There  is  little  evidence  to  show 
that  this  war  was  premeditated  by  any  consider- 
able numi)er  of  Indians,  but  it  appears  rather  to 
have  been  precipitated  by  the  wicked  action.s  of 
a  few.  A  small  band  of  Indians  was  encamped 
near  the  white  settlements,  and  soon  after  the 
murders  were  committed  this  band  was  attacked 
by  the  whites,  one  Indian  was  killed  and  several 
wounded,  and  the  women  and  children  taken  to 

IS 


a  stockade,  which  liad  been  erected  for  the  secur- 
ity of  the  white  families  gathered  in  it,  where 
they  were  held  as  hostages.  Soon  the  warriors 
of  this  band  surrendered,  and  were  also  kept 
with  tlieir  families  for  the  same  purpose.  In  a 
few  days  they  rebelled,  killed  four  of  the  men 
and  wounded  three  others,  and  made  their  es- 
cape. This  brought  an  open  war.  The  people 
of  Rogue  river  valley  collected  at  central  j)oint8, 
built  forts  and  stockades,  into  wliich  they 
gathered.  The  Indians  roamed  through  the 
valley  destroying  the  abandoned  homes.  Dis- 
patches were  sent  to  the  commander  of  Fort 
Jones,  in  northern  California,  and  Captain 
Alden  responded  with  twenty  soldiers,  all  that 
could  be  spared  from  that  post.  The  citizens 
of  Yreka,  California,  also  organized  two  com- 
panies of  volunteers,  under  Captains  Goodall  and 
Rhoads,  who  hastened  to  the  relief  of  the  Ore- 


h„  ,! 


308 


nisrOHY    OF    OliROON. 


iron    SOttlei'B.       Six      (■iMII|iMlliu»     Wt'l'l!     niinuil     ill 

.-oiitlicrii  Ori^goii,  (Kniiiiiiiiitlecl  liy  Ciijitiiinn  K 
1,.  WilliiiiMs,  .1.  K.  LiiiiuM'ick.  .Idliii  F.  iMillori 
v..  A.  Owuii  mill  W.  W.  FowltT.  Tliesu  t-om- 
imiiit's,  exccjitiii;,'  that  of  Cajitiiiii  Fowler,  were 
orjiiiiiizL'il  into  ii  liiittiilioii,  wliicli  was  eoiii- 
luamlcil  by  Captain  Alik-n.  The  liuttalioii  liad 
little  of  tlio  8('emiii^  of  military  display.  I'ut  it 
was  ii  Imdy  of  stroiii;  and  sturdy  jiioni'ers,  cn- 
imlilf  of  the  most  effective  work  in  any  field. 

While  this  was  tieinir  done  liy  the  whites,  tlio 
Indiiuis  hud  i-oUected  (juite  a  large  force  and 
taken  up  a  strong  position  on  Tnlde  Rock, 
which  tiiev  liad  fortified  with  considerable 
skill.  I'ut  even  such  a  position  was  not  suited 
to  tlio  Indian  mode  of  warfare,  and  it  was  soon 
abandoned,  and  they  retired  into  the  niountain 
gorges,  better  suited  to  their  methods  of  war- 
fare. 

(icneral  Lane,  who  bad  been  8U])erseded  as 
governor  of  the  Territory,  was  at  his  home  on 
Deer  creek,  in  Douglas  county,  bearing  of  the 
ditliculty,  iininediately  gathered  about  fifty 
volunteers  and  joined  the  liattalion  under  (^i|)- 
tain  Alden,  at  Camp  Stewart.  IJis  e.xperience 
on  the  field  during  the  Mexican  war  stood  tlie 
cause  of  the  wbite.s  in  good  stead  now,  and 
Captain  Alden  recognized  the  fact  by  tendering 
him  tlie  command  of  the  battalion,  which  he 
accepted. 

.Meanwhile  some  collisions  had  occurred  bo- 
tweiMi  detached  parties  of  whites  and  Indians, 
in  most  of  wliicli  the  Indians  had  rather  the 
advantage.  One  of  these  was  serious  enough 
to  be  called  a  battle.  On  the  10th  of  August 
a  party  of  twenty-two  men  from  Captain  Good- 
all's  company  was  sent  out  under  Lieutenant 
Ely  to  recoiiiioiter.  The  next  day,  wlien  about 
two  miles  south  of  Table  Rock,  the  party 
))icketed  tlieir  horses  in  a  tlat  and  prepared 
their  dinner.  Though  sentries  were  stationed 
they  soon  left  their  jiosts  and  joined  their 
comrades  about  the  smoking  viands.  At  this 
moment  there  came  a  shower  of  bullets  from  a 
fringe  of  willows  near  by  tliat  killed  and 
wounded   ten  of  their  number.     Tliey   ruslie<l 


lo  eo\er,  and  gaining  a  ^tr^llg  position  among 
the  fallen  timlier  and  brii.-h  succeeded  in  ke(>p- 
ing  tlie  savages  at  bay.  liefore  the  Indians 
had  conii)letely  surrounded  the  party,  tv,-o  pri- 
vates got  away  »nd  hastened  to  camp  Stewart, 
seventeen  miles  away,  and  apj)rised  Captain 
(Joodall  of  the  affair.  At  the  head  of  his 
coMiinand  ho  set  out  at  once  ami  reached  the 
scene  of  the  eotiHict  in  the  shortest  possible 
time.  On  their  arrival  tlie  Indians  left,  taking 
away  the  horses,  blankets  ami  sup{)lies  of  the 
party.  It  was  found  that  seven  of  the  volun- 
teers were  killed  outright,  and  three  wounded. 
During  the  night  the  main  force  under  Captain 
Alden  came  up,  and  the  Indians  retired  a  long 
way  into  the  mountains,  setting  firo  to  the  for- 
est behind  them,  and  thus  almost  obliterating 
their  trail.  The  eoniniand  returned  to  (!ainp 
Stewart  for  supplies.  At  this  juncture  General 
Lane  arrived  at  headquarters  aiul  assumed  com- 
mand, as  previously  stated. 

General  Lane  directed  the  companies  of  Lani- 
crick  and  Miller  to  advance  down  Kvans  creek 
to  the  supposed  vicinity  of  the  eneuiy.  The 
regubir  soldiers  and  the  volunteer  companies  of 
Goodall  and  Rhoades,  all  under  Cajitain  Alden, 
were  ordered  to  the  battle-ground  of  Lieutenant 
Fly.  With  this  division  was  General  Lano 
himself.  Scouts  reported  that  the  Indians  inid 
gone  into  the  mountains  west  and  north  of 
Evans  creek.  Into  this  dirticiilt  an<l  danserous 
region  the  battalion  followed  them  the  following 
day,  August  23.  On  \\w  morning  of  the  24rth 
the  enemy  was  found  encamped  in  a  thick  forest 
apparently  impenetrable  to  horses.  General 
Lane  attacked  instantly.  The  very  first  intima- 
tion tliat  the  savages  had  of  the  presence  of  the 
troops  was  a  volley  of  bullets.  Surprised,  yet 
not  stampeded,  by  (his  rough  salutation,  the  In- 
dians snatched  up  their  guns  and  returned  the 
tire  with  animation.  The  scjuaws  and  material 
of  their  camp  were  sent  at  once  out  of  harm's 
way.  The  Indians  fired  with  fatal  precision. 
Captain  Alden  was  badly  wounded  early  in  the 
tight  and  was  saved  from  falling  into  the  hands 
of  the  Indians  only  by  the  determined  bravery 


IIISTOUY     (IF    (lUKditS. 


•Ml 


of  Kuiiiu  of  Ills  rc^nlai's.  Ploamuit  AriiiBtrong, 
H  proiniiiitnt  aii<l  iniiuli  rcHpucted  gontluiiiaii  uf 
Yum  Ilill  county,  who  lia<l  voliiukM^reil  with 
(k'lii'ral  l,aiie,  was  titriick  l)y  a  hiillct  in  the 
hrcastand  fell  exclaim iiij^,  "A  dead  center  shot!" 
(TiMieral  Lane  received  a  severe  Imllct  wound 
tlirotigli  liirt  right  arm.  Keckiessly  continuing 
to  expose  liiinrtolf  he  was  drtii^ged  hy  his  men 
l)ehind  a  tree.  I'Veling  the  loss  of  hlood  he 
was  compelled  to  retire  temporarily  to  have  his 
wound  dressed.  Finding  that  General  Lane 
was  ill  cumman<l  of  the  whites  the  Indians  hc- 
<:;an  callin^f^o  him  and  to  the  soldiers  professing 
their  willingness  to  treat  for  peace,  (teneral 
Lane,  having  returned  to  the  front,  he  threw  a 
heavy  coat  over  iiis  siioulders  to  conceal  tiie 
fact  that  he  was  wounded  from  tiic  Indians,  and 
himself  and  llohert  Metciilf,  Indian  agent,  went 
into  the  Indians'  camp  and  entered  into  neiroti- 
ations  with  them.  An  armistice  of  seven  days 
was  aj^ree  1  upon,  at  tiie  close  of  which  a  final 
peace  talk  was  to  lie  held  at  Tahle  li(jck  for  the 
arrangement  of  the  terms  of  a  treaty  of  peace. 
In  this  combat  the  Inilians"  loss  was  twelv(>. 
Of  the   whites   I'leasant  Armstroiiir    and   John 

o 

Scarhorough  were  killed  and  Captain  Aldcn  and 
Ciuirles  Abbe  died  of  their  wounds  soon  after 
the  buttle,  (ioneral  Lane  never  (|uite  recovered 
from  his  wonnd. 

Alxiut  the  time  the  treaty  was  concluded  re- 
en  I'orceini-nts  bei^an  to  arrive  from  various  quar- 
ters. One  from  Vancouver  was  under  the  com- 
man<l  of  Lieutenant  Kant/,  since  General.  Act- 
ing (iovernor  I'urry  issued  a  proclamation  for 
an  armed  guard  to  accompany  the  lieutenant,  and 
forty-one  men  responded.  They  were  commanded 
i)y  J.  W.  XcHinith,  with  L.  F.  (iroveras  lieuten- 
ant, both  afterward  United  States  senators.  This 
company  was  joined  on  the  way  by  Matthew  P. 
Deady,  since  so  eminent  as  a  jurist.  Joel 
Palmer,  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  and 
Samuel  If.  (Culver,  Indian  agent,  came  later, 
and  on  the  10th  of  September  the  "  peace  talk  " 
was  held. 

In  this  "  peace  talk  "  there   were  elements  fo 
wild  and  yet  so  groat,  and  personages  then  (md 


subsequently  so  famous  that  it  would  bo  unjust 
to  the  readers  of  this  history  if  we  did  not  tran- 
scribe the  account  of  it  given  by  one  of  the 
foremost  writei's  of  thtujoast,  J  udge  Matthew  I'. 
Deady,  himself  a  participant  in  the  "  talk." 
He  says: 

"  The  scene  of  this  famous  'peace  talk'  be- 
tween Joseph  Lane  and  Indian  iJoseph,  two  men 
who  had  so  lattdy  met  in  mortal  combat,  was 
worthy  of  the  pen  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  tlie 
pencil  of  Salvator  lioss.  It  was  on  a  narrow 
bench  of  a  long,  gently  sloping  hill  lying  over 
against  the  iu)ted  bluff  called  Table  Rock.  The 
ground  was  thickly  covered  with  majestic  old 
])ines  ami  ruggeil  oaks,  with  here  and  there  a 
clump  of  green  oak  bushes.  Ab(jut  half  a  mile 
abov  e  the  bright  mountain  stream  that  threaded 
the  narrow  valley  below,  sat  the  two  chiefs  in 
council.  Lane  was  in  fatigue  dress,  the  arm 
winch  was  wounded  at  Huena  Vista  in  a  slintr 
from  a  fresh  Imllet  received  at  I'.attle  creek. 
Indian  Joseph,  tall,  grand  and  self-possessed, 
wore  a  long  black  robe  over  his  ordinary  dress. 
By  his  side  sat  Mary,  his  favorite  child  and 
faithful  companion,  then  a  comparatively  hand- 
some young  woman  unstained  witli  the  vices  of 
civilization.  Among  these  sat  on  the  grass 
Captain  A.  J.  Smith,  now  (teneral  Smith,  of 
St.  Louis,  who  had  just  arrived  from  Port  Or- 
ford  with  his  company  of  the  First  Dragoons; 
Captain  Alvord,  then  engaged  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  military  road  through  the  Umpcjua 
canon  and  since  paymaster  of  the  United  States 
Army;  Colonel  liill  Martin,  of  llmpqua.  Colonel 
John  E.  Ross,  of  Jacksonville,  and  a  few  others. 
A  short  distance  above  us  on  the  hillside  were 
some  hundreds  of  dusky  warriors  in  fighting 
gear,  reclining  quietly  on  the  ground.  The  day 
was  beautiful.  To  the  cast  of  us  rose  abruptly 
Table  Rock  and  at  its  iiase  stood  Smith's  dra- 
goons waiting  an.viously,  with  hand  on  horse, 
the  issue  of  this  attempt  to  make  peace  without 
their  aid.  After  a  proposition  was  discussed 
and  settled  between  the  two  chiefs  the  Indian 
would  rise  up  and  communicate  the  matter  to  a 
huge  warrior  who  reclined  at  the  foot  of  a  tree 


sm 


nisroiiY  OF  oiiKdox. 


Vt 


I 


t! 

.iii 


i      ; 


(|uito  near  n».  Then  tlie  latter  rott«  np  and 
('(inirniiMicHtiMi  thu  niatti-r  to  the  next  alxivu 
liitn  ami  tlicy  U'lHliori-il  it  buck  iiml  forth  with 
inanv  voit-ei*.  Thi-n  tin'  warrior  coiniiinnicati'd 
lilt'  tliKii^ht  of  the  iiiiiltitii<lt>  on  thi>«  «ui>ject 
liacii  to  till'  fhii'f,  anil  k<>  the  matter  went  on 
until  an  iinderstaiiilin^  Wiio  tinallv  reachiMl. 
Then  we  rieiiarated,  the  Indian>i  {joing  hack  to 
tlit'ii-  iMonntain  rctrfat.  anil  tin-  whiten  to  the 
camp." 

During  tlic  progress  of  this  "talk,"  thns 
t;ra|ilii('iillvile:-iTil)e<l  l>y -nnlge  Deady.an  Indian 
runniT  arrivt'd  at  the  eonncil  liringini»  the  iii- 
ti'liigonce  of  tlio  nuirder  i)t'  a  young  Indian 
chief,  called  ".Mm  Taylor,'"  that  morninj;on  Ap- 
plei^ate  creek,  where  a  company  of  whiten  had 
tied  him  to  a  tree  and  lihotiiini  to  death.  This 
greatly  excittd  the  Indians,  and  it  hcemed  for  a 
time  that  they  would  attack  the  party  of 
tienernl  Lane,  hut  I^ne  addpessed  them  with 
great  skill,  assuring  them  tiiat  the  killing;  of 
Taylor  was  not  approved  by  the  soldiers,  and 
tiiudly  the  trouble  alx>ut  his  death  was  placated 
by  an  agreement  to  pay  damages  therefor  in 
shirts  ami  blankets. 

This  closed  the  war  so  far  as  the  jMJtliorities 
were  concerned,  and  the  volunteer-'  f.t  iir  ■!  dis- 
l)anded  and  returned  to  their  homes.  I'ut  many 
of  the  people  of  that  region  refiiwA  to  be  at 
peace  with  the  Indians.  Many  iiulrages  were 
committed  upon  them.  The  same  writer  qiioteil 
above,  Hon.  M.  P.  Deady,  gives  a  circumstan- 
tial account  of  the  treacherous  murder  of  a 
small  p:irty  of  IndiaiLS  who  had  not  evon  par- 
ticipated in  the  hostilities  at  the  "Bates  House" 
at  (irand  ("reek,  who,  while  pirtakiiig  of  the 
pretended  hospitality  of  Bates  and  others  in 
celebration  of  the  treaty  of  peace  were  deliber- 
ately shot  down  by  their  treacherous  hosts. 

Though  "peace"  was  declared,  both  Indians 
and  whites  were  restless.  There  was  as  much 
individual  danger  on  l)oth  sides  as  before.  Of 
course  this  condition  of  things  grew  worse  and 
worse,  many  Indians  and  nnany  whites  becom 
ing  victims  of  "  revenge,"  and  it  finally  resulted 
in  a  long  and  bloody  war  two  years  later. 


While  it  iloes  not  enter  within  tlie  »cop  of 
this  work  to  trace  the  history  of  the  Indian 
wars  beyond  the  boundaries  of  fh»!  Territory 
and  State  of  Oregon,  it  is  necessary,  to  preserve 
the  continuity  of  our  narrativt',  to  rejer  to  the 
fact  that  the  lu'lians  of  Washington  Territory, 
and  those  residing  in  what  is  now  the  State  of 
Mahu,  fully  shared  thi?  unrest  of  those  of  Ore- 
gon. These  tribes  were  more  numerous,  and 
their  loaders  more  celebrated  than  those  of  Ore- 
gon. In  1854  the  Snake  river  Indians  com- 
mitted many  atrocnons  murders,  attacking 
mainly  the  emigrant  trains  moving  through 
their  country,  and  military  expeditions  were 
sent  out  for  their  chastisenjcnt.  What  is  known 
as  till*  "Ward  Massacre"  created  the  greatest 
excitement  and  indignation  all  over  the  coast, 
in  which  Oregon  fully  shared.  This  occurred 
near  the  |)resent  town  i>f  ("aldwell,  Idaho.  A 
train  consisting  of  Mr.  Alexander  Ward  and 
wife,  with  a  fsimily  of  ten  children,  Mrs.  Will- 
iam White,  Or.  (Charles  Adams,  Samuel  Mulli- 
gan. William  Babcock  and  a  German  whose 
name  is  unknown,  was  attacked  by  the  Snake 
Indians,  and,  with  atrocities  that  woulil  chill 
the  heart  to  record,  all  but  Armour  Ward,  a 
lM)y  of  thirtetMi,  who  was  wounded,  but  hid  in  the 
brush  and  thus  escaped,  were  murdered.  An 
expedition  under  Major  llaller  of  the  United 
States  Army  the  next  summer  undertook  to 
punish  the  Inilians,  but  with  the  exception  of 
killing  four  of  the  Winnass  Imliana,  a  part  of 
the  band  that  committed  the  crime,  who  came 
into  Major  llaller's  camp  to  "talk,"  and  putting 
his  soldiers  in  camp  on  Big  Camas  Prairie,  on 
the  u|>|ier  ^lalade  river,  for  the  protection  of  the 
incoming  etnigration,  nothing  was  done.  The 
command  of  Major  Ilallcr  returned  to  the  Dalles 
after  the  emigration  had  all  passed  through  the 
country. 

The  smaller  and  more  local  conflicts  that  we 
have  recorded,  and  which  resulted  in  as  great 
loss  of  life  and  a  much  greater  loss  in  property 
by  the  whites  than  by  the  Indians,  instead  of 
serving  to  quiet  the  Indian  tribes  rather  served 
to  excite  and  exasperate  them.     Their  story  was 


UlsrOHY    OF    OKKUVN- 


■OM 


re('ite<l  in  every  Indian  oatnp  and  aronnd  every 
coiuic.il  tire,  witli  uv»(ry  ii|)|H!ri(lHj(o  ot  Indian 
t'xagffenitioii  and  fear.  Tiioir  ••  dreainerrt  "  and 
nitMliuiiiu  men  wruiiglit  their  wild  and  weird  in- 
cantationH  at  inidni^iit.  Old  eiiniities  and 
wronj^B  were  told  over  again,  niitii  the  Hpirit  of 
war  wuB  atlanie  in  the  hearts  of  the  Indians 
from  British  Columbia  to  Calit'ornia  and  from 
the  monntainb  fo  the  sea.  Indian  emissaries 
came  and  went  on  every  inonntain  trail,-  -silent, 
gloomy,  specter-like.  The  sunrise  of  trouhle 
liroodod  over  the  cabins  of  the  far  frontier  aM<l 
sinidowe<l  the  homes  of  the  Willamette  valley. 
Evidently  the  animosities  that  a  score  of  years 
of  contact  with  all  classes  of  whites  had  engen- 
dered in  the  hearts  of  the  Indians  had  inilaincd 
their  suspicions  and  revengeful  natures  until  it 
needed  but  the  controling  mind  and  directing 
hand  of  s(>ine  master  man  to  let  loose  a  storm  of 
war  that  would  sweep  the  frontier,  if  not,  indeed, 
the  larger  settlements,  with  the  besom  of  de- 
struction. This,  however,  the  Indians  lacked, 
and  hence  they  were  not  able  to  use  the  power 
they  undoul)tedly  had  most  effectively  for  their 
designs.  Still  they  did  use  that  power  so  that 
all  around  the  circle  of  settlements,  which  ex- 
tended little  less  than  1,000  miles,  east,  north, 
west  and  south,  war  broke  out  simultaneously, 
if  not,  indeed,  concietedly,  in  the  autumn  of 
1855,  in  southern  Oregon,  in  eastern  Oregon 
and  Washington,  and  along  the  shores  of  I'uget 
sound.  It  will  be  our  duty  Krst  to  describe  the 
conflict  in  southern  Oregon. 

Our  readers  have  seen  that  while  there  was 
nominal  "  peace  "  in  this  region,  there  was  still 
such  a  condition  of  enmity  between  the  whites 
and  the  Indians  that  open  hostilities  were  sure 
to  follow.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  recount  the 
series  of  ln<lian  murders  committed,  or  the  acts 
of  revenge  upon  them  perpetrated  by  the  whites, 
during  the  period  between  the  "  peace  talk  "  be- 
tween General  Lane  and  Chief  Joseph  already 
recx)rded,  and  the  overt  acts  of  hostility  on  the 
part  of  the  Indians  that  opened  the  war  of 
1855-'56.  These  occurred  with  the  nsnal  inci- 
dents of  Indian  heartlessnese  and  atrocity. 


On  the  8th  of  May  a  party  of  what  was 
known  as  "  Illinois  Indians,"  from  residing  in 
Illinois  valli-y,  crossed  the  mountains  t'l  Klamath 
river,  where  they  robbed  several  caliins  and 
killed  several  men,  and  retreated  to  the  head  of 
Slate  creek.  Soon  after  on  Deercreek  and  on  .\p- 
plegate  creek,  several  other  men  were  murdered. 
This  party  of  linlians  was  pursued,  captured, 
taken  to  Fort  Lane  and  placed  under  close  guard. 
About  the  sauie  time  trouble  arose  in  California, 
not  far  from  the  Oregon  line,  in  which  eleven 
miners  were  killed,  which  was  "revenged"  by 
the  indiscriminate  killing  of  a  large  numl)er  of 
the  Indians  of  that  region  who  had  nothing  to 
do  with  the  killing  of  the  whites.  These  had 
tied  to  Fort  Lane,  and  were  pursued  l)y  several 
companies  of  volunteers,  who  made  a  demand 
on  ('aptain  Smith  in  command  to  d(diver  up  the 
fugitives.  This  he  declined  to  do.  and  the  vol- 
unteers returned  to  ('alifornia. 

IJut  the  event  which  piecipitatou,  ami  really 
gave  character  to,  the  war  in  southern  Oregon, 
was  an  attack  upon  a  small  camp  or  band  of  In- 
dians on  the  north  side  of  llogue  river,  a  few 
miles  above  Table  liock,  by  a  party  of  about 
forty  men,  led  by  Major  Lupton  and  Captain 
Hays.  Lupton  was  a  representative  elect  to  the 
Territorial  Legislature,  rash  and  headstrong, 
and  of  no  experience  in  Indian  fighting.  There 
appears  to  have  been  no  particular  crime  that 
this  band  of  Indians  had  been  guilty  of — ex- 
cept the  crime  of  being  Indians — that  called  for 
attack  at  this  time.  Lupton  and  his  men  ar- 
rived near  the  camp  in  the  evening,  and  con- 
cealed themselves  until  daylight,  when  the  at- 
tack was  made.  A  volley  was  tired  into  the 
crowded  camp,  and  this  was  followed  up  by  a 
close  encounter  with  pistols  and  knives,  and 
the  Indians  slaughtered  or  driven  away  without 
being  able  to  offer  much  resistance.  Decrepit 
old  men,  squaws  and  children  met  the  same  com- 
mon fate  of  the  able-bodied  men.  How  many 
Indians  were  killed  is  not  known,  but  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  attack  and  butchery  were 
such  that  the  Indians  and  even  the  most  of  the 
white    population  saw    no  justification    for   il^ 


210 


ItlSTORY    i>h'    OliEGON. 


\ii    ( 


1 


Tiiipton    was    mortally  woiiikIcmI   liy    im    arrow 
which  eiitereil  his  luni£H. 

The  results  of  this  affair  were  dire  and  far 
rcacliiii<r.  The  storm  of  barbaric;  veii";eaiice 
gathered  tiuickly  and  darkly,  and  burst  in  fire 
and  blood  over  southern  Orei^on.  Only  two 
days  affoi'thif^ocpurrencethe  more  warlike  of  the 
Indian  bands  gathered  at  Table  Rock,  and  with 
their  families,  arms  and  other  j)roperty,  started 
down  the  river  determined  on  war.  Their  path 
was  crimsoned  with  blood,  and  lighted  by  the 
fires  of  burning  habitations.  They  did  not  wait 
to  meet  iirnu'd  foes,  but  whoever  they  met  felt 
the  terribleness  of  Indian  ven<renace.  As  they 
moved  forwan.  they  were  re-enforced  by  other 
bands.  Added  Jtrongth  broiiijlii  added  boldness. 
At  aljout  '.';0()  a.  m.,  October  9th,  the  savages 
approftcheil  the  house  of  Mr.  Harris,  when  oc- 
curred one  of  t  lose  luM'oic  acts  which,  in  every 
part  of  America,  have  tlashed  into  the  blackness 
of  barbaric  wari'are  as  a  jiroof  that  the  male  sex 
has  no  monopoly  of  bravery  and  coolness  in 
times  of  deadliest  peril.  Mr.  Harris'  family 
(consisted  of  his  wife  and  two  children:  Mary, 
ajjed  twelve  anil  David  aged  ten  years,  while 
with  them  resided  a  ^[r.  Reed.  Reed  was  some 
distance  from  the  house  and  was  killed  there. 
j\[r.  Harris  was  surprised  by  the  Indians,  and 
was  shot  in  the  breast  just  as  he  reached  the 
door.  Mrs.  Harris  closed  and  barred  the  door, 
brought  down  the  firearms  which  the  house 
coiitaini'd.  consisting  of  a  rifle,  a  double-barrel 
shotgiin.  a  six  shooting  revolver  and  a  single- 
barrelled  pistdl.  and  commenced  firing  at  the 
Indians  to  keep  them  at  ba}'  and  prevent  the 
liurningof  the  liou>e.  A  shot  from  the  Indians 
had  wounded  the  little  daughter  who  climbed 
to  the  attic  for  greater  security.  Mr.  Harris 
dii'il  in  about  an  Imur  after  he  was  shot.  During 
all  this  liiiic  Mrs.  Harris,  this  heroic  woman, 
kept  the  Indian>  at  bay,  firing  through  the 
crevices  between  the  logs  of  the  dwelling,  r.nd 
attended  to  b'le  wants  of  lier  dying  husbanil. 
The  Indians  dared  not  approach  near  enough  to 
set  fire  to  th(!  dwelling,  although  they  burned 
the  outbuildinir-.      i.ater  in  the  afternooTi,  dis 


comfited  by  the  bravery  of  this  noble  heroine  of 
Rogue  river,  the  Indians  drew  off.  She  had 
saved  her  own  and  her  daughter's  life.  David, 
the  son,  was  without  doubt  taken  into  the  woods 
and  slain  by  the  Indians,  as  he  was  never  heard 
of  afterward.  Never  was  a  braver  deed  done 
by  woman,  which  is  the  same  as  saying  none  was 
ever  done.  After  the  savages  had  departed 
i  the  heroine,  with  her  daughter,  left  the  house, 
!  and  found  refuge  in  a  thicket  of  willows  ^lear 
the  road  and  remained  there  all  night.  Indians 
passed  and  repassed  but  did  not  discover  them. 
Tlie  next  day  they  were  discovered  by  a  com- 
pany of  volunteers  from  Jacksonville,  who  had 
come  out  as  soon  as  intelligence  of  the  massacre 
had  reached  that  place,  .'hI  removed  them  to  the 
town.  With  two  or  three  exception'^  every  house 
along  the  Indian's  route  had  been  roblietl  and 
burned. 

It  is  hard  'o  picture  the  state  of  alarm  that 
followed  the  news  of  this  massai're  not  only  in 
the  Rogue  river  valley  hut  all  over  Oregon. 
People  withdrew  from  their  ordinary  occupa- 
tions and  went  ii>to  camps  and  forts  and  stock- 
ades. Klines  were  abandoned.  Fields  and  farms 
were  left  unwatched,  all  through  so\ithern  Ore- 
gon. Nor  was  the  alarm  confined  to  that  re- 
gion. As  far  north  as  Salem  aiul  Oregon  City 
and  Portland,  and  especially  along  the  foothills 
of  the  mountains  east  and  west  of  the  Willam- 
ette valley,  guards  and  sentinels  patroled  the 
trails  of  both  town  and  country.  The  contagion 
of  fear  raged  everywhere,  and  not  without  cause, 
for  no  one  knew  the  extent  of  the  hostile  com- 
bination, nor  when  nor  where  the  next  blow 
might  fall. 

At  this  time  there  were  several  thousand  In- 
dians in  southern  Oregon;  descendants  of  a 
fierce  and  bloodthirsty  race,  full  of  tliat  spirit  of 
war  and  murder  which  had  made  the  name  of 
the  Klamatlis  and  Moilocs  and  Umpquas  a  syn- 
onym of  all  that  is  cruel  and  treacherous  in 
war.  How  many  of  them  were  in  the  hostile 
coml)ination  no  one  knew.  They  were  all  well 
I  supplied  with  arms  and  ammunition,  lu  ttcr.  In- 
I    deed,  than  their  whit(>  neighbors,      ilisioiy  now 


;V^ 


IIIstOIlY    OF    OUEGON. 


•i\\ 


records  that  to  the  fact  that  they  did  nut  all 
eotii  hi  lie,  the  people  of  southern  Oregon  owes 
the  fact  that  tiie  eetlleinents  of  that  region  were 
not  annihilated.  I5iit  enough  did  so  to  tax  the 
strongest  efforts  of  Government  and  people  to 
withstand  them. 

The  forces  of  the  regular  army  stationed 
within  reach  of  these  disturhances  were  few,  nor 
were  they  well  adapted  to  the  exigencies  of  tiie 
service  demanded  of  them.  Tiie  young  farmers, 
meciianios,  miners  and  traders  of  the  vicinity 
could  better  cope  with  Indian  tactics.  These 
entered  the  volunteer  service  with  the  greatest 
alacrity.  By  the  12tli  of  October  a  regiiiu'ntof 
nine  coiiii)anie8  called  the  Ninth  Regiment  of 
Oregon  militia  was  organized  under  the  com- 
mand of  Colonel  John  E.  liosa.  liy  the  first  of 
Noveiriber  it  was  increased  to  fifteen  companies, 
aggregating  750  men.  Such  prompt  and  vigor- 
ous action  overawed  the  Indians,  and  had  the  ef- 
fect of  keeping  other  bauds  from  joining  the 
hoBtiles.  and  of  restoring  calmness  and  couti- 
deiice  to  the  whites.  It  also  changed  the  char- 
acter of  the  conflict  from  one  of  the  massacre 
of  women  and  children  and  defenseless  and  un- 
suspecting men  to  one  of  war,  of  armed  forces. 

Parenthetically  it  is  proper  to  say  here  that, 
simultaneously  with  this  outbreak  in  southern 
Oregon,  another  even  more  extensive  and  for- 
midable occurred  on  the  northern  frontier  among 
the  most  warlike  and  dangerous  tribes  of  the 
coast.  TJiis  will  be  treated  of  subsequently,  so 
far  as  it  affected  Oregon  history,  and  is  spoken 
of  now  to  indicate  how  inuch  more  ditlicult  it 
was  for  the  forces  of  the  feeble  Territory  to 
meet  the  exigencies  of  the  southern  field  than  it 
would  have  been  had  these  tribes  been  alone  in 
the  conflict.  With  this  remark  we  continue 
our  Btory  of  the  war  in  the  south. 

When  this  great  Indian  outbreak  occurred 
George  \..  Oiirry  w.is  governor  of  the  Territory, 
and  Corvallis  was  the  temporary  seat  of  govern- 
ment, (lovernor  Curry,  who  had  just  issued 
his  proclamation  for  troops  to  tight  the  Indians 
in  the  north,  immediately  issued  one  for  volun- 
teei's  to  quell  the  disturbances  in  the  sunth.    lie 


called  fur  two  battalions  and  one  from  Douglas, 
Linn  and  I'mpqua  counties  to  rendezvous  at 
Roseburg,  to  be  called  the  Northern  battalion, 
and  otie  from  Jackson  county  to  be  culled  the 
Southern  battalion,  and  rendezvous  at  Jackson- 
ville. Hisproniptand  patriotic  action  was  highly 
commended  by  the  people  of  the  State. 

The  Indians  retired  to  the  neighi)orliood  of 
Grand  creek,  Coos  creek  and  Galice  creek,  on  all 
of  which  wer';  important  settlements.  The  head- 
quarters of  the  volunteers  were  on  (ialice  crock. 
On  the  morning  of  the  17th  of  (Jctober  several 
of  the  united  bauds  made  an  attack  upon  them. 
They  had  surrouniled  the  defenses  of  the  volun- 
teers and  made  their  attack  from  all  directions. 
Several  of  the  volunteers  were  killed  or  mortally 
wounded,  and  the  men  were  all  driven  from  the 
ditch  and  took  refni;e  in  the  houses  near  at  hand. 
The  Indians  under  the  lead  of  (!hief  (ieorge, 
who  was  particularly  daring  in  his  eiTcrts, 
attempted  to  burn  the  houses  in  which  the 
whites  iiad  taken  refuge.  At  nightfall  tlit* 
Indiana  retired.  During  the  night  tiie  whites 
Btrengthened  thoir  defenses,  so  that  when  the 
IndiaiiL  a|)peared  in  the  morning,  seeing  that 
the  volunteers  were  ready  to  receive  them,  they 
retreated  and  were  not  seen  again  on  Galice 
creek. 

After  their  retirement  from  Galice  creek  the 
whereabouts  of  the  Indians  was  for  some  days 
unknown.  ]?y  a  fortunate  circumstance,  how- 
ever, they  were  discovered  by  Lieutenant  A.  V. 
KhiUz,  now  general  of  the  regular  army,  set  out 
from  Port  Orford  with  a  guard  of  tcMi  soldiers  to 
explore  the  country  lying  between  that  place 
and  Fort  Lane.  In  doing  this  he  came  upon  a 
large  body  of  Indians,  who  fired  upon  his  jiarty, 
killing  one  man.  As  soon  as  arrangements 
could  be  made  Colonel  Ross  of  the  volunteers, 
with  290  men  and  Captain  Smith  of  the  regular 
army,  with  eighty-five  men,  combined  their 
forces,  and  iiioved  on  October  30th  against  the 
Indian  camp.  They  attonipted  a  surpise  but 
failed.  The  battle  began  about  sunrise  and  con- 
tinued all  day.  Hravery  and  determination  were 
displiiyed  by  b.)tli   regiilai's   and   volunteers,  but 


S13 


HISTORY    OF    OHEOON. 


-M 


tlie  Iiidiann  were  as  brave  as  they,  and  much 
better  armed,  and  successfully  resisted  every  aa- 
sault.  About  sunset  the  whites  retired  from  the 
field  and  encamped  for  the  night  at  "  Bloody 
Spring,"  some  distance  from  the  gronud  of  the 
battle.  The  next  morning  the  Indians  came 
down  and  attacked  the  camp  in  force,  but  after 
a  time  were  driven  off.  No  further  movements 
8ji;ainst  the  Indians  were  made  here,  but  the 
troops  were  removed  from  tlie  vicinity,  having 
sustained  a  loss  of  thirty-one,  nine  killed  and 
twenty-two  wounded,  one  of  whom  died  a  few 
days  later.  This  battle  was  a  defeat  for  the 
whites. 

The  failure  of  this  campaign  caused,  or  was 
followed,  by  a  complete  organization  of  the  vol- 
unteer forces.  John  K.  Lamerick  was  made 
acting  adjutant-general  for  the  Southern  bat- 
talion ;  and  James  Bruce  major  of  the  Northern 
battalion:  William  J.  Martin  was  elected 
major.  His  force  consisted  of  550  men. 
Jll.  M.  McCarver,  who  had  been  appointed 
commissary-general  established  his  headquar- 
ters at  lioseburg.  As  the  inclement  season  had 
now  come  on,  little  more  could  be  done  than  to 
station  detachments  of  the  troops  in  such  posi- 
tions as  to  protect  the  settlements  from  the  for- 
ays of  the  Indians.  Cow  creek  valley,  Camas 
valley,  the  Canon,  North  ITinpqua  and  Scotts- 
burg  were  occupied  by  detachments  from  the 
Northern  battalion;  and    Evan's    Ferry,   Bow- 


den's,    Grace  creek   .ind  other  points  by    the 
Southern. 

Finding  that  the  whites  had  so  disposed  of 
their  forces  as  to  effectually  head  off  their  in- 
cursions, the  Iudi';n8  returned  down  Rogue  river, 
and  took  mfnge  in  a  region  of  8it?D  mountains, 
deep  gorges  and  dense  forests.  Tho  different 
commands  prepared  to  foil  w  fi'.-n:  tluMigh 
from  'be  fact  that  there  wa  ;.■>  '  ••  .  :t  ■  !er-in- 
chief,  their  co-operation  was  .i'  jr.>iii  perfect. 
Aboui  the  twenty-second  Oi  Nov-eraler  they 
found  the  Indians  in  strong  force  in  the  woods 
bordering  the  river  below  the  mouth  of  Whisky 
creek.  Though  an  attack  was  madt,  yit  such 
was  the  want  of  discipline  among  the  volunteers 
that  the  Indians  easily  repulsed  them.  While 
these  events  were  occurring  with  that  portion  of 
the  forces  in  the  intinediate  front  of  the 
position  of  the  Indians,  the  commands  of  Martin 
and  Juday  lay  on  a  hill  several  miles  distant 
and  employed  their  time  in  firing  a  mountain 
howitzer  in  the  direction  of  the  Indiana.  Then 
the  command  marched  back  to  the  camps  they 
had  left  some  days  before,  and  thus  ended  t)' 
campaign. 

It  was  now  Decern  l>er,  and  with  thee.xc-t'  io  • 
of  one  or  two  trilling  skirmishes,  and  a  descwi! 
or  two  of  parties  of  Indians  on  outlying  settl" 
ments,  where  they  burned  some  hf>'.„e8  and 
stole  some  stock,  there  was  no  campaigning 
again  until  spring. 


'^ms^'m^ — 


HISTOBY    OF    OBEGON. 


218 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

■  : INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED.  .  ^ 

From  1861  to  1865 — Charaotkr  of  the  War — Inpluknce  of  the  War  of  Rebkli.ion  on 
It — Attempt  to  Enlist  a  Cavalry  Keoiment — Failed — T.  li.  Cornelius  Commis- 
BioNEi) — Ordered  to  Protect  Emigrants — Theater  of  the  War — J.  B.  Scott  Mur- 
dered— "  Biofoot" — Misunderstandings — Colonbl  Crook — He  Takes  the  Field — Bat- 
tle ON  Owyhee — The  Snake  Indians — The  Reservation  System — Crook's  Move  South- 
ward— Final    Submission    of    the    Indians. 


SROM  1861  to  1865,  during  the  entire  sea- 
son of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  most 
of  the  Indians  of  eastern  and  south- 
eastern Oregon  were  waging  continual  warfare 
against  the  few  whites,  miners  and  stockmen 
who  were  settled  in  that  region,  as  well  as  way- 
laying the  emigrants  that  were  entering  t)regon 
by  the  valley  of  Snake  river.  It  was  largely  a 
preparatory  and  fugitive  warfare,  pursued  by 
small  bauds,  and  yet  was  very  destructive  of 
life  throughout  all  the  region  south  of  the' 
Columbia  river  from  near  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains eastward  as  far  as  the  American  falls  on 
Snake  river,  and  from  the  Columbia  to  the 
Nevada  line  on  the  south.  Its  fugitive  and 
scattering  character  precludes  any  very  circum- 
stantial account  of  it,  yet  for  incidents  of 
atrocious  cruelty  on  the  part  of  the  Indians, 
and  of  patient  and  wearying  marches  and  brave 
endurance  on  the  part  of  the  troops  and  volun- 
teers called  to  suppress  it,  it  was  really  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  of  all  our  Indian  wars. 

The  Indians  were  well  advised  of  the  great 
war  that  was  going  on  in  the  East,  and  they 
seemed  to  feel  that  the  favorable  time  had  come 
for  them  to  inflict  injury  on  the  whites  about 
them  out  of  revenge  for  supposed  or  real 
wrongs,  and  as  a  surety  of  future  good  treat- 
ment. It  appeared  clear,  too,  that  it  was  the 
inspiration  of  the  spirit  of  rebellion  and  seces- 
ion,  that  was  by  no  means  wanting  or  idle  in 


Oregon,  that  prompted  them  to  this  course. 
The  reason  for  this  belief  was  clear. 

Oregon,  with  the  other  States,  had  been  called 
upon  for  troops  to  aid  in  suppressing  the  Rebel- 
lion. If  they  could  be  detained  at  home,  and 
engaged  in  campaigns  against  the  Indians,  so 
much  would  be  withdrawn  from  the  forces 
available  in  the  East  for  putting  down  the  Re- 
bellion. Whether  this  belief  was  well  founded 
or  not  it  is  difficult  to  determine,  but  at  all  events 
it  prevailed  quite  extensively  among  the  loyal 
people  of  Oregon,  and  certainly  these  Indian 
hostilities  had  this  effect. 

To  meet  the  danger  which  threatened  some 
attempt  was  made  to  enlist  a  cavalry  company 
in  the  spring  of  1861,  under  a  requisition  made 
by  Colonel  George  Wright,  at  that  time  in 
charge  of  the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  upon 
Governor  Whiteaker,  but  it  was  not  successful. 
The  loyal  people  of  the  State,  believing  the 
governor  to  be  in  sympathy  with  the  Rebellion, 
would  not  enlist,  and  the  attempt  was  aban- 
doned. This  effort  to  raise  men  through  the 
State  officers  having  failed,  the  war  department 
issued  a  colonel's  commission  to  Thomas  R. 
Cornelius,  and  directed  him  to  raise  ten  com- 
panies of  cavalry  for  the  service  of  the  United 
States  for  three  years,  as  a  part  of  the  500,000 
men  whose  enlistment  had  been  authorized  by 
the  last  Congress.  Six  companies  were  soon 
enlisted,  and  the  regiment  was  organized,  with 


f 

5''' 

■ 

r 
( 
i 

■I' 

{ 

1 

i 
> 

i 

M 


mSTORY    OF    OURanN. 


the  full  expectation  that  it  woulil  he  ordered 
east  for  actual  service  in  the  field.  This,  how- 
ever, proving  not  to  he  the  ease,  Colonel  Cor- 
neliufi  resigned,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  ^^anny, 
with  three  con\panies,  was  ordered  out  upon 
the  emigrant  .  \\)  o  protect  tiie  emigrants 
from  the   Indian  .    that    were  annoying 

and  waylaying  theih  .us  these  Oregon  vol- 

unteers entered  on  the  uiost  ditticult,  tiresome, 
and  thankless  service  upon  which  a  soldier  ever 
entered,  on  the  wild  and  yet  almost  unknown 
plains  of  southeastern  Oregon.  The  liistory  of 
the  first  regiment  of  Oregon  volunteers  was 
therefore  written  in  these  sandy  wastes,  where 
it  is  Impossible  to  gather  them  U|)  au<l  preaent 
them  to  the  reader  without  the  use  of  a  volume. 
A  lew  incidents  must  suiiice  as  giving  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  character  of  this  Indian  war, 
which  extended  over  a  period  of  ahout  seven 
years,  and  over  a  range  of  country  as  large  us 
the  State  of  New  York. 

There  was  little  of  the  circumstance  of  real 
war. — force  against  force,  army  against  army. 
It  was  rather  a  continued  hunt  through  the 
forests,  and  canons  and  rocks  for  the  Indians 
on  the  part  of  the  whites,  and  of  waylay  and 
murder  of  whites  on  the  part  of  the  Iiulians. 
In  Oregon  the  most  tragic  scenes  were  in  lia- 
ker.  Grant  and  Wasco  counties.  They  He 
among  the  rough,  rocky  and  timbered  spires  of 
the  niue  mountains,  on  the  great  treeless,  but 
rent  and  riven  plains  of  Snake  river,  in  the  high 
and  rugged  hills  that  sweep  200  miles  south  of 
the  (/olumbia.  All  was  a  fit  theater  for  the 
stealthy  and  treaclu'rous  and  murderous  war- 
fare of  such  tribes  as  the  Snakes  and  the  Mo- 
docs.  Their  most  destructive  raids  wt-re  in  and 
near  the  Owyhee  river,  just  along  the  eastern 
line  of  Oregon,  on  I'urnt  river,  and  near  it,  not 
far  south  of  Maker  City,  and  on  the  Canon 
City  road  between  the  Dalles  ami  that  place,  a 
distance  of  nearly  200  miles.  Often  a  time  of 
quiet,  with  the  Indians  all  out  of  sight,  would 
occur,  and  the  people  would  begin  to  feel  safe 
and  go  about  their  vocations  in  the  fields,  on 
the  roads,  or  in  the  mines.     But  an    Indian   is 


never  su  dangerous  as  when  one  cannot  see  him. 
Just  at  such  hours  his  sinewed  bow  may  speed 
his  fli!ited  arrow  to  an  unsuspecting  heart,  or 
his  surer  rifle  send  the  scorching  bullet  through 
the  brain.  This  is  his  idea  of  war,  of  bravery. 
To  illustrate:  On  September  28,  1807,  Mr.  J. 
B.  Scott,  with  his  wife  and  children,  was  driving 
quietly  along  the  road  from  the  little  mining 
camp  of  Kye  valley  to  his  home  on  Burnt  river, 
in  Baker  county.  There  had  been  no  Indian 
alarms  for  some  time.  Suddenly  rifles  rang 
out  from  rooks  near  the  road,  and  Mr.  Scott  fell 
dead  in  his  wagon,  with  two  balls  through  his 
body.  His  wife,  though  herself  severely 
wounded,  seized  the  reins,  and  urging  the  horses 
to  a  run,  escaped  with  her  children  and  her 
husband's  body  to  her  home,  herself  dying  the 
next  day  from  the  effects  of  her  wounds. 

Among  the  Indian  murderers  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Scott  was  an  Indian  chief  of  the  Snake  tribe, 
known  among  his  own  people  as  Oulux,  and 
among  the  whites  as  "  Big  Foot!"  lie  was  a 
giant,  nearly  seven  feet  in  height,  with  a  foot 
over  fourteen  inches  in  length.  Ills  enormous 
track  always  betrayed  his  presence,  as  it  did  in 
this  instance.  He  was  the  leader  in  most  of 
the  raiils  of  1866  and  1867.  His  marvelous 
strength  and  activity  gave  him  great  influence 
over  the  Indians  and  made  him  the  terror  of 
the  whites.  To-day  he  would  be  on  the  Owy- 
hee robbing  a  stage  and  murdering  its  passen- 
gers, to-morrow  fifty  miles  away  murdering  a 
family  in  some  secluded  valley,  or  waylaying  a 
pack  train  on  some  mountain  trail.  lie  always 
traveled  on  foot,  and  few  were  the  horses  that 
could  make  more  miles  in  a  day  than  he.  He 
was  finally  killed,  some  writers  say  by  an  assas- 
sin, but  really  by  a  slight  and  quiet  white  man, 
who  had  deliberately  taken  the  trail  to  hunt  him 
alone,  the  only  way  in  which  it  seemed  possible 
to  rid  the  world  of  such  an  inhuman  monster. 
When  he  was  killed  he  was  in  the  very  act  of 
assailing  a  stage,  loaded  with  men  and  women, 
on  Reynold's  creek,  on  the  road  between  Silver 
('ity  and  I'oise  City  in  Idaho. 

Unfortunately   for  the  peace  and  security  of 


•  •-'iR~"r'mTyi 


Ht STORY    OF    OREGON. 


ii 


the  people  on  tliis  eastern  frontier  of  ()refi;on, 
(litfieiilty  anil  niisnnilerstanding  arose  between 
General  Ilalleck,  who  then  had  coitimandof  the 
Department  of  the  Pacific,  and  Governor  Woods, 
then  at  the  head  of  the  State  Government,  in 
reference  to  the  employment  of  friendly  Indians 
as  sconta  against  the  hostiles.  The  Governor 
desired  to  organize  two  comiianies,  Imt  General 
llalleek  refused  his  perniission.  Tiie  Governor 
then  appealed  to  the  war  department,  an<l  Ilal- 
leck was  instructed  to  facilitate  his  purposes. 
Two  companies  of  Warm  Spring  Indians  were 
then  organized,  and  Dr.  W.  C.  McKay  and 
a  Mr.  iviiapp  were  appointed  captains.  They 
were  hoth  well  acquainted  with  the  Indians 
and  their  language,  and  weree.xceptionally  fitted 
for  the  place  to  wliicli  they  were  appointed. 
Tiiese  companies  gave  most  excellent  service  in 
the  campaigns  which  followed,  and  until  the 
hostile  hands  were  glad  to  sue  for  peace.  We 
shall  see  them  further  on  in  our  narrative. 

.Inst  at  this  crisis  a  change  in  the  command- 
ers of  l?oise  district  took  place,  which  gave  great 
satisfaction  to  all  the  pcoj)le  of  the  Northwest. 
This  district  included  that  part  of  eastern  Ore- 
gon where  hostilities  prevailed  to  the  most 
alarming  extent.  Colonel  George  Crook,  of 
the  Twenty-third  Infantry,  took  command  of 
the  district.  Colonel  Crook  was  not  a  man  of 
many  words,  but  was  quiet  and  unassuming  in 
demeanor,  hut  full  of  determination,  and  had 
already  won  great  distinction  in  the  peculiar 
warfare  of  the  Indian  frontiers.  No  selection 
more  satisfactory  to  the  region  exposed  and 
often  raided  could  have  been  made,  and  the 
event  justified  the  expectations  of  the  people. 

It  did  not  seem  a  great  army — forty  soldiers 
and  less  than  a  score  of  Warm  Springs  Indian 
scouts — but  it  will  be  remembered  there  were 
no  Antictain's  or  Gettysbnrgs  to  be  lought  on 
these  wild  plains, — only  the  pursuit  and  defeat 
of  come  bands  of  predatory  Indians  lacking  the 
discipline  of  Lee's  veteran  soldiers,  but  yet  a 
greater  terror  to  the  homes  of  this  region  than 
were  the  former  to  fanners  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  liegan    his  canipaign  about  the   middle  of 


December.  He  soon  found  a  band  of  eighty 
Indians  on  the  Owyhee  ready  for  battle,  and 
immediately  attacked  them.  After  a  fight  of 
several  honrs  the  Indians  retreated,  leaving 
about  twenty  five  killed,  and  some  women  and 
thirty  horses  on  his  hands.  Crook  lost  one  man, 
Sergeant  O'Toole,  who,  after  passing  tfirough 
the  fire  of  twenty  battles  in  the  war  of  the  He- 
bellion,  laid  down  his  life  on  the  sands  of  the 
Owyhee.  In  January  two  more  battles  were 
fought  on  the  Owyhee,  and  tlien  Crook  pro- 
ceeded toward  Malheur  lake,  not  far  from 
whieh  Panina,  a  noted  Snake  eliief,  had  forti- 
fied himself  and  his  trains  on  a  rongli  mountain, 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  which  the  Warm  Springs 
scouts  under  Captain  McKay  had  beeti  operat- 
ing. The  entire  spring  and  sntnmer  were  passed 
in  this  scouting  and  marching  in  search  of  small 
parties  of  the  Snakes,  who  yet  managed  often  to 
elude  the  vigilance  of  Crook  and  even  the  keen 
eyes  of  his  Indian  allies,  and  wjmmit  many 
depredations  and  murders.  In  July  the  whites 
discovered  a  large  band  of  Indians  concealed  in 
a  canon  in  the  mountains.  Crook  sent  the 
Warm  Springs  Indians  to  attack  them.  These 
two  tribes  were  ancient  and  hereditary  enemies, 
and  the  Warm  Springs  were  b'lt  too  anxious 
to  avenge  them  themselves  on  tiieir  hated  foes. 
A  short  time  later  another  Indian  camp  was 
surrounded  and  nearly  exterminated  by  the 
same  party. 

The  Snake  Indians  liad  always  Itecn  con- 
sidered the  lowest  and  most  degraded  of  the 
tnonntain  tribes,  and  indeed  they  were  so.  They 
lacked  all  noble  qualities,  were  treacherous, 
sly,  murderous  and  brutal  beyond  conception. 
Occupying  a  country  that,  in  its  natural  condi- 
tion, was  one  of  the  poorest  on  tlie  continent, 
they  could  only  scavenger  a  half-starving  sub- 
sistence out  of  it.  But  witli  tlie  introduction 
of  firearms,  however,  there  wa«  an  obvious 
change  with  them,  at  least  so  far  tu  their  power 
to  do  harm  was  concerned.  They  managed  to 
secuu  an  abundant  supply  of  rifles  and  ammu- 
nition, and  many  became  adepts  in  their  use. 
With  their  slyness  and  cunning,  tlierefo're.  they 


wmmm 


218 


UISTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


ii:      ;il 


were  not  now  a  foe  to  be  despised.  The  oppor- 
tunity to  acquire  arms  and  ammunition  came 
to  them  very  largely  through  the  system 
adopted  by  the  Government  of  settling  them  on 
reservations  and  paying  them  annuities.  The 
Indian  is  tlie  same  in  nature  and  in  purpose 
after  he  goes  on  a  reservation  as  before,  and  he 
is  sure  to  use  all  he  can  that  the  Government 
lias  paid  him  in  annuities  according  to  his  own 
views  of  what  an  Indian  life  should  be.  That 
is  not,  by  any  means,  a  white  man's  idea.  He 
wants  a  rifle,  then  freedom  to  go  and  come  at  his 
will,  to  do  as  he  pleases,  and  hates  the  restraints 
of  rule  and  the  touch  of  civilization.  While  in- 
dividual exceptions  to  this  statement  could  be 
easily  made — and  by  none  easier  than  by  the 
writer — this  is  the  rule.  Hence  it  is  clear  to 
most  who  have  studied  the  Indian  question 
from  the  standpoint  of  years  of  personal  con- 
tact with  them,  that  t.ie  Indian  service  of  the 
Government,  as  organized  and  administered  on 
the  Western  coast,  has  multiplied  and  per- 
petrated Indian  wars  much  beyond  what  they 
would  have  been  had  the  Indian  been  left,  like 
the  white  man,  simply  responsible  to  the  law 
of  right,  without  the  attempted  paternal  care  of 
the  Government.  And  this  writer  is  not  sure 
but  that  there  would  have  been  a  better  and  more 
numerous  remnant  of  these  tribes  to-day  had 
this  been  the  case  than  there  is  under  the  course 
adopted  toward  them.  But  this  is  a  paren- 
thesis aside,  and  the  question  thus  suggested 
cannot  be  hero  pursued.  It  was  through  their 
association  with  the  Indians  upon  the  reserva- 
tions, and  even  their  own  residence  upon  them, 
that  the  Snakes  had  been  able  to  procure  the 
arms  and  ammunition  that  made  them  so 
formidable  to  the  eastern  frontiers  of  Oregon 
at  this  time. 

The  months  of  the  autumn  were  occupied  by 
the  forces  of  Crook  in  ranging  the  broken  re- 
gions of  southeastern  Oregon,  extending  from 
the  Malheur  to  the  Des  Chutes,  and  southward 
to  Pitt  river,  into  the  great  lava  beds  so  wonder- 
fully adapted  to  defense  and  so  difficult  for 
aggressive  warfare.     Hero  the  Indians  were  en- 


abled to  "  put  up  "  in  the  rocks,  and  when  at- 
tacked inflict  severe  punishment  on  their  assail- 
ants, and  then  steal  away  throngii  clefts  and 
cafions  or  some  other  stronghold,  in  readiness 
for  a  repetition  of  the  same  tactics.  The  caverns 
and  fissures  of  the  rock  rendered  futile  any 
effort  id  drive  them  out  by  fire  or  powder.  After 
many  efforts  to  do  so.  Crook  could  do  nothing 
but  to  retire  to  Camp  Warren. 

While  the  campaign  was  not  marked  by  any 
special  victory  over  the  Indians,  yet  its  result 
was  disastrous  to  them.  Most  of  the  lighting 
chiefs  had  been  killed,  and  the  body  of  Snake 
warriors  was  rapidly  wasting  away.  Still  there 
seemed  little  prospect  of  peace  while  any  of 
them  were  left.  But  in  May  the  troops  from 
Camp  Harney  surprised  an  encampment  of  ten 
lodges  on  the  Malheur,  capturing  a  number  of 
the  warriors,  among  whom  was  a  sub-chief,  called 
Egan,  who  professed  a  desire  for  peace  and 
offered  to  send  couriers  to  bring  in  his  war- 
riors and  also  the  head  chief  Weawewa,  who 
he  declared  was  also  tired  of  war.  Accord- 
ingly the  chiefs  were  assembled  at  Camp 
Harney,  and  on  the  30tli  of  June  a  council  was 
held.  Crook  was  plain  and  explicit  with  them, 
and  told  them  he  intended  to  continue  his  pur- 
suit of  them  until  they  were  all  killed  unless 
they  laid  down  their  arms.  They  sued  earnestly 
for  peace.  He  simply  told  them  that  he 
recognized  Weawewa  as  their  chief,  and  that 
they  might  establish  their  headquarters  on  the 
Malheur,  and  as  long  as  they  l)ehaved  themselves 
peaceably  they  would  not  bo  molested.  They 
eagerly  accepted  this  proposition,  and  delivered 
up  the  property  of  their  victims  still  in  their 
possession. 

There  still  remained  a  few  bands  which  had 
not  entered  into  this  treaty  with  Crook,  which 
included  only  the  Malheur  and  Warren  lakeSho- 
shones  only.  But  with  this  submission  of  Wea- 
wewa and  his  followers,  comparative  security 
came  to  the  region  of  country  then  included  in 
Baker,  Grant  and  Wasco  counties.  Later,  even 
as  late  as  1878,  some  i  '  those  same  Indians 
went  on  a  wild  and  murderous  raid  as  far  west 


6    ! 


UISTOHY    OF    OREOON. 


aw 


SB  tlie  Umutilla  river,  waylaying  and  killing 
some  frei^iiters  and  travelers,  and  creating  great 
alarm  over  hundreds  of  miles  of  country,  but 
the  countrv  by  '''is  time  had  become  so  settled, 


and  the  Inilians  so  few,  that  they  were  soon 
overcome.  Since  that  time  there  has  been  little 
Indian  trouble  in  Oregon. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED. 

Monoc  Wak — The  Moikios — Captain  Jack's  Band — Ben  Wuioiit — Tre.\ty  with  •vuh.  Modocs — 
Go  ON  Kksp;i{vation — Council — Government  Acts  Slowly— Indian  Si'I-esintendents — 
Movement  under  Captain  Jackson — Scarf  ace  Charley — Caitain  Jack's  People  Keiire 
TO  THE  Lava  Beds— Gathering  of  Soldiers — Scare  in  the  Modoc  Camp — Battle — The 
Soldiers  Defeated — ^Peack  Commission  Appointed — Communications  Opened — Conferences 
with  THE  MoDocs — MoDocs  Propose  to  Surrender— No  Surrender  Made — Arrangements 
FOR  A  Meeting  at  the  Council  Tent — ^Negotiations  Lingered — Oai-tain  Jack's  Si-eech — 
Another  Scene  in  the  Modoc  Camp — Engagement  of  Co.mmission  to  Meet  the  Indians 
at  Peace  Tent —  Stormy  Council — Commissioners  Assassinated — General  Canby  and  Db. 
Thomas — Army  Moves  Forward — War  Continued — Donald  McK.^Y  and  Warm  Springs 
Indians — Modocs  out  of  Lava  Beds — Modocs  Surrendered — Captain  Jack  and  three 
Others  Hung. 


[HE   most  thrilling  and  tragic  chapter  in 
the  history  of  the  Indian  wars  of  Oregon 
is  that    which  covers  what  is  called  the 
Modoc  war. 

The  Modocs  are  the  remnants  of  one  of  the 
most  powerful  and  warlike  tribes  that  ever  in- 
habited the  Pacific  coast.  They  were  known  as 
the  La-la-cas.  They  inhabited  the  country 
drained  by  Klamath  river  and  lakes,  in  the 
sontheastern  portion  of  Oregon,  and  all  the 
country  between  that  and  tiie  coast,  and  extend- 
ing soutliward  into  California.  Their  traditions 
tell  of  great  battles  with  other  tribes,  as  well  as 
of  rebellions  among  their  own  people,  until 
finally  the  once  powerful  tribe  was  broken  into 
fragments  and  clans,  all  of  which  however  re- 
tained the  warlike  spirit  of  thtir  ancestors. 
More  tlian  among  most  Indian  tribes  the  office 
of  chief    among  them  was   hereditary,  and  it 


remained  so  after  their  division  into  smaller 
clans.  In  the  Modoc  branch  the  Indian  known 
as  "  Captain  Jack  "  was  the  hereditary  chief  at 
the  time  our  story  of  the  Modoc  war  commences. 
The  band  of  which  "  Captain  Jack,"  or  Ki- 
en-te-poos,  which  was  his  Indian  name,  was 
chief,  was  called  the  "  Lost  River  Modocs,"  be- 
cause their  residence  wa?  on  Lost  river.  Here 
Captain  Jack  was  born,  his  father  and  mother 
being  both  pure  Indians,  and  of  royal  blood. 
In  the  days  of  the  early  immigrations  into 
Oregon,  fror  1846  downward,  frequent  diffi- 
culties arosi  between  the  Modocs  and  the  immi- 
grants who  passed  through  their  country  on 
what  was  known  as  the  southern  route,  and 
many  of  each  party  were  killed,  and  much  bit- 
ter blood  was  engendered.  Tliese  finally  cul- 
minated in  a  horrible  massacre  of  an  emigrant 
train  of  sixty-live  men,  women  and  children,  at 


^ 


018 


msTOKY    Oh-    ORRGOS. 


what  U  known  us  ••  IJIooily  i'oint"  ut  the  8j)ur 
of  Tnli'  lake,  in  Si'iitcnihor,  1852,  atteiided  with 
sneli  acts  of  atrocity  as  ai'u  sulrloin  recorded  in 
the  annals  of  even  liarliarian  warfiire.  One 
man  escaped,  and  tivo  yoniig  girls  were  taken 
prisoners.  Tills  ticiiilisli  act  was  avenged  l)y  a 
coinpanv  of  wiiitcs  under  the  coninianil  of 
"  IJen  Wright,"  a  citizen  of  Yreka,  California, 
a  man  of  consideralile  intliienco  in  that  region, 
wlio  led  a  company  of  volunteers  into  the  Mo- 
doe  country  for  this  declari'(l  purpose.  Tiie 
manner  of  his  execution  of  this  purpose  lias 
uwidioncd  much  criticism,  and  found  many  to 
lilame  and  also  many  to  defend  it;  some  con- 
sidering it  to  iiave  heen  an  entirely  unprovoked 
and  treacherous  massacre  of  Indians,  who  had  no 
]prtrt  in  or  sym])athy  with  the  l>utchery  of  the 
immigrauts.  and  others  wlio  con.->idered  all  the 
trilie  guilty  of  either  active  participation  in,  or 
warm  sympathy  in  that  bloody  deed,  fully  jus- 
tifying his  action.  Which  are  nearest  cor- 
rect it  is  very  difficult  to  determine,  and  for  our 
purpose  tiio  record  of  the  facts  is  all  tiuit  is  re- 
(juired. 

These  conflicts  left  a  feeliny:  of  stronir  hos- 
tility  between  the  Modocs  and  the  whites,  sure 
at  some  time,  to  result  in  a  general  war  between 
them.  Hut  for  a  number  of  years  their  ani- 
nnjsities  found  expression  in  occasional  and 
limited  outbreaks,  not  involving  more  tluiu  a 
few  individuals,  but  in  which  many  lives  were 
lost  on  both  sides.  This  state  ot  things  con- 
tinued until  the  number  of  white  settlers  in  and 
about  the  Modoc  country  made  it  necessary  for 
their  interests  and  safety,  that  the  Indians  should, 
in  accordance  with'  the  policy  of  the  I'nited 
States  Government,  be  removed  from  the  lands 
they  called  their  own,  and  put  upon  a  "  reserva- 
tion."' To  effect  this  purpose  a  council  was 
held  with  the  Moiloc  and  Klatnath  chiefs  in  the 
autumn  of  1804,  in  which  the  chiefs,  inclmling 
Captain  Jack,  agreed  to  go  with  their  people 
into  the  Klamath  reservation,  and  ceded  all  the 
rest  of  their  conntry  to  the  [Jnited  States  under 
the  tisnal  ciinditious  of  such  treaties.  This  it 
was  believed,  had  composed  the   long  standing 


ditiieulties  between  the  Indians  and  the  whites; 
but  Captain  .lack  and  his  peojde  soon  became 
dissatisfied  and  refused  to  abide  by  the  treaty 
he  ha<l  made.  Several  successive  .superintend- 
eiitsof  Indian  Affairs  in  Oregon,  endeavored  to 
persuade  them  to  go  U|)on  the  reservation,  but 
without  avail,  up  to  18()!j.  The  Indians  became 
more  and  more  defiant,  and  it  began  to  he  evi- 
dent that  the  military  force  woidd  have  to  bo 
employed  to  compel  them  to  fnllill  the  terms  of 
their  own  agreement.  Still  not  only  the  otHcers 
of  the  Indian  Department,  but  those  of  the 
army  as  well,  added  to  the  "  I'eace  Commis- 
sioners "  who  had  been  ap[)oiuted  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  assist  in  the  settlement  of  the 
difKculty,  used  every  possible  argument  and  ex- 
pedient to  avert  bloodshed,  a  thing  that  evi- 
dently could  not  be  done  unless  the  Modocs 
yielded  and  went  upon  the  reservation.  At  last 
an  agreement  was  reached,  and  the  Modocs 
!  started  and  arrived  at  Modoc  I'oint  on  the 
reservation,  on  the  28tli  day  of  December, 
1809. 

Here  a  council  was  held  between  the -Modocs, 
under  Captain  Jack,  and  the  Klamaths,  under 
Allen  David,  the  Klamath  chief,  with  Superin- 
tendent Meacham,  on  the  part  of  the   Govern- 
ment, which  resulted,  so  far  as  any  coidd  see,  in 
an  amicable  allotment  of  the  Modocs  to  a  chosen 
part  of  the   reservation  for   their  home.      The 
"annuities"  were  distributed  to  all,  and  satis- 
faction and  peace   sat  on   every   man's  counte- 
nance.     Thus  1809  passed  out  and  1870  began. 
The  Modocs  were  placed    under  the  care  of 
i  Captain   Knapp,  an  army  otKcer,  who  had  been 
I   assigned  to  duty  as  an  Indian  agent.        He  a."d 
!   all  he  could    to   satisfy    the   demands   of  Cap- 
(   tain  Jack  and  his  people,  but  they  were  restlcsH 
I   and  discontented,  and    quarrels   had    arisen   be- 
i   tween    them   and   the  Klamaths,  and  it  was  not 
I   long    before   they    had  made  up  their  minds  to 
j   leave  the  reservation  and    return    to    their   old 
haunts  on  i>ost  river.      After  only  eleven  weeks 
'  of  life  on  the  reservation   they   were  all  home 

Hgrfin. 
;       The  Governu'i  <i  continued  its  ett'orts  to  per- 


nrsTonr  of  o/ieoon 


21!) 


Himilu  Jack  to  return,  hut,  while  lie  wuuld  not 
CoiiBtMit  to  do  BO,  nothing  of  a  speeially  hostile 
cimracter  occurred  for  sonio  months.  The  (iov- 
crunient  had  resolved  to  employ  coercive  meuH- 
urc8  if  the  ModocH  still  persisted  in  their  refusal, 
lint  under  the  iiiHtience  of  lion.  Jesse  Apple- 
gate,  whose  influence  over  hoth  Indians  and 
whites  was  very  great,  and  Hon.  A.  H.  Meachani, 
superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  for  Oregon, 
General  Canhy,  who  had  command  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  Colnml)ia,  adopted  a  concilia- 
tory course  with  them.  A  commission  to  treat 
with  them  was  appointed.  Another  council  was 
held,  in  a  wild,  desolate  country,  many  miles 
from  any  white  iuhabitant,  at  which  Captain 
Jack  appeared  with  nearly  all  his  men,  and  all 
thoroughly  armed.  A  conditional  ngroement 
was  reached  to  give  the  Modocs  a  small  reserva- 
tion at  the  u)outh  of  Lost  river,  and  again  hos- 
tilities were  averted. 

Hut  the  (Tovernment  acted  hut  slowly,  and 
the  Modocs  grew  more  and  more  restless,  and 
made  more  encroachments  on  the  whites.  Gen- 
eral Canhy  was  appealed  to,  but  he  was  slow  to 
order  them  removed  by  force,  as  he  well  knew 
that  such  an  order  meant  war. 

While  matters  were  thus  lingering  a  change 
of  officers  in  the  Indian  service  in  Oregon  was 
made,  L.  U.  Odeneal  succeeding  Mr.  Meacham 
as  superintendent.  In  a  letter  from  the  Indian 
Department  at  Washington,  September,  1872, 
he  was  imperatively  ordered  to  remove  the 
Modocs  peaceably,  if  he  could,  forcibly  if  he 
mu.st. 

Captain  Jack  was  soon  informed  of  this  order, 
but  he  not  only  refused  to  go  but  insolently  re- 
fused to  meet  the  superintendent  in  a  council. 
Mr.  Odeneal  at  once  transferred  the  whole  matter 
to  the  military  officials,  and  Major  John  Green, 
commanding  at  Fort  Klamath,  immediately  dis- 
patched Captain  Jackson  with  thirty  men  with 
orders  to  bring  Captain  Jack  and  his  people  on 
to  the  reservation.  Twenty-five  white  men  from 
Linkvillo  proposed  to  accompany  Captain  Jack- 
son's expedition,  and  did  so. 

It  was  intended   that   all   these    raovements 


should  be  kept  from  the  knowledge  of  Captain 
Jack,  b\it  he  was  early  advised  of  them,  and,  of 
course,  prepared  for  them,  though  ho  did  not 
expect  so  expeditious  a  movement  as  Captain 
.lackson  made.  Captain  Jack's  company  of  war- 
riors with  him  in  his  cam[)  only  amounted  to 
twenty-seven  men.  Captain  .lackson  arrived  at 
the  camp  of  the  Modocs  at  daybreak,  on  the  30th 
of  November.  Their  coming  at  that  hour  took 
the  Indians  by  surprise,  and  before  they  knew 
the  soldiers  were  there  they  were  surrounded, 
and  Captain  Jackson  ordered  them  to  lay  down 
their  arms.  Jack  complied,  and  told  his  men 
to  do  the  same.  A  parley  of  half  an  hour  en- 
sued, and  it  again  appeared  that  the  Modocs 
would  now  go  without  bloodshed  to  the  reser- 
vation again.  But  "  Scarface  Charley  "  had 
not  laid  down  his  gun.  He  sulleidy  and  inso- 
lently refused.  Lieutenant  Boutellot  was  ordered 
to  disarm  him.  As  the  officer  advanced  "  Scar- 
face  "  drew  his  pistol,  and  both  officer  and  In- 
dian tired  at  each  other  simultaneously.  The 
soldiers  began  firing  into  the  Indian  camp.  The 
Indians  dashed  to  the  cover  of  the  sa^e  brush, 
and  for  three  hours  the  battle  was  kept  up,  four- 
teen Indians  against  thirty  white  men.  The 
Indians  lost  one;  Major  .lackson  lost  ten  killed 
and  live  wounded,  au  even  half  of  his  entire 
force,  lie  then  withdrew,  leaving  the  Modocs 
in  possession  of  the  Held.  Thus  the  Modoc  war 
was  begun. 

Captain  Jack  and  his  men  now  gathered  up 
his  women  an<l  hor.ses  and  retired  to  the  lava 
beds,  made  so  liistoric  by  the  results  of  the  next 
few  mouths.  But  a  small  party  of  the  Modoc 
braves  set  forth  on  a  mission  of  vengeance 
against  the  white  settlers,  and  did  not  stay  their 
cruel  hands  until  they  had  slain  thirteen  per- 
sons, with  all  of  whom  they  had,  up  to  the 
time  of  the  battle,  been  on  terms  of  frioudsliip. 
Loaded  with  plunder,  this  murderous  gang 
joined  Captain  Jack  in  the  lava  beds.  Jack 
hotly  disapproved  of  their  murders,  and  threat- 
ened to  give  them  up  to  the  whites  to  be 
punished,  but  while  this  matter  wa.5  under  dis- 
cussion another  band  of  fourteen   braves  joined 


w 


If  ti 


i 

i 

^: 

if 

n ' 

f:. 


aan 


iiisrour  OF  oiindON. 


liix  forces,  1111(1  wlieii  the  discussion  was  ended  a 
liii'i^o  majority  was  found  o[)|)oscd  to  their  sur- 
ruiider.  Tlie  whole  luiinbor  of  braves  at  tliis 
time  was  tifty-oni;,  inoliiditiiir  (Captain  Jack  liiin- 
Belf.  It  was  witii  this  niiinlier  tiiat  this  ro- 
(loiihtai)le  chieftain  fou)j;ht  the  ^lodoc  war. 

The  conilitioii  of  things  about  tlio  hiva  beds 
now  called  for  the  o;atheriiig  of  the  men  of 
war.  The  governor  of  Oreiron  promptly  sent 
forward  two  or  three  companies  of  volunteers. 
These,  with  the  rej^ular  soldiers  soon  gathered, 
made  an  army  of  ^OO  men,  arid  were  soon  approach- 
ing the  lava  beds,  ['reparations  for  an  advance 
were  soon  made.  The  force  was  divided,  the 
two  wings  to  approach  the  stronghold  of  the 
Modocs  from  opposite  directions,  and  on  the 
16tli  of  January,  1873,  tliey  were  within  a  few- 
miles  of  each  other  on  either  side. 

DuriniJ  the  nitiht  there  was  a  scene  of  excite- 
ment  and  even  contention  in  the  Modoc  camp 
that  beggars  description.  Captain  thick  be- 
lieved that  they  bad  made  a  great  mistake,  and 
that  they  should  make  the  best  terms  they 
could.  l>ut  the  majority  was  against  these 
views  of  the  chief,  and  when  the  vote  was  taken 
there  were  only  fourteen  men  who  voted  for 
peace,  and  the  remainder,  numbering  thirty- 
seven,  were  for  war.  The  Modocs  were  demo- 
cratic, and  the  majority  ruled.  Cajitain  .lack 
reluctantly  issued  his  orders  for  the  battle  that 
was  soon  to  come  on  the  morrow. 

Early  in  the  morning  the  soldiers  were 
ordered  to  "fall  in."  Tiie  ranks  close  up,  and 
the  line  of  march  toward  the  stronghold  is 
taken.  Major  Jackson  on  the  one  side,  and 
Colonel  Barnard  and  his  men  on  the  other. 
Their  position  was  on  a  bluff  somewhat  above 
that  of  the  Modocs,  and  a  gray,  icy  fog  con- 
cealed the  black  and  sinuous  face  of  the  lava 
beds  from  their  view  as  they  move  cautiously 
down  itito  the  obscuring  mists.  The  line  is 
formed  at  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  and  then  the 
bugle  sounds  "  Forward."  They  had  gone  but 
a  little  way  into  the  mist  and  silence  when  a 
red  gleam  shoots  out  through  the  gray  mist, 
level  at  their  breasts,  and  muu  after  man  stum- 


bles and  falls  on  the  reddening  rocks.  From 
point  to  point,  the  Indians  invisible  behind 
their  rocky  bidwarks,  u])on  which  the  soldiers 
were  compelltMl  openly  to  advance,  the  battle 
went  on,  when  the  retreat  was  sounded  an<l  the 
army  returned  to  its  camps.  When  tiie  rolls  of 
the  several  companies  were  called,  thirty-live 
men  failed  to  answer  to  their  names.  Not  an 
Indian  warrior  was  killed,  so  ett'ectively  were 
they  shie'dod  by  the  rocky  barriers  behind 
which  the^  were  concealed. 

On  the  retreat  of  the  troops  the  Modocs  re- 
turned U:  their  camp,  dee])er  in  the  lava  beds. 
The  nig'it  was  largely  spent  by  them  in  a  coun- 
cil among  themselves,  followed  by  a  great  war 
and  scalp  dance,  full  of  the  tragic  extravagances 
of  Indian  imagination  and  action.  In  the  latter 
Jack  did  not  join,  but  sat  apart,  ill  at  ease,  his 
thoughts  doubtless  busy  with  the  dark  jjroblems 
that  rtere  before  his  people.  In  the  council  he 
had  declared  his  belief  that,  no  matter  how 
many  of  the  soldiers  they  had  killed  or  might 
kill,  more  would  come,  and  more,  until  the 
Modocs  were  entirely  destroyed.  Still  he  de- 
clared he  would  do  as  the  Modoc  heart  said,  and 
echo  the  voice  of  his  peo|)le  to  the  end. 

A  few  days  after  this  battle.  Captain  .lack 
sent  a  message  to  Mr.  John  Fairchild  and  Mr. 
Dorris,  with  whom  he  was  well  ac(juainted, 
proposing  a  "talk"  with  them,  and  assuring 
them  of  personal  safety.  They  acceded,  and 
accompanied  by  one  white  man,  and  an  Indian 
as  interpreter  and  guide,  rode  fully  armed 
into  the  Indian  camp.  Though  Jack  still  [iro- 
tested  that  he  desired  ])eace,  the  conference  was 
without  result,  and  for  several  weeks  no  further 
war  measures  were  attempted. 

The  next  movement  was  the  a])pointment  of 
a  "Peace  Commission"  by  the  general  Govern- 
ment, consisting  of  Hon.  A.  B.  Meacham,  late 
superintendent  of  In<lian  Affairs  for  Oregon; 
Hon.  .lesse  Applegate,  and  Mr.  Samuel  Case, 
who  was  then  in  charge  of  the  Indian  Agency 
at  Alsea,  Oregon,  witii  (xeneral  Canby  to  a(!t 
as  counselor  to  the  commission.  General  Can- 
by  was  himself  in  the  field,  and  had  his  head- 


- 

fl 

^ 

■ 

^^^ 

H 

-  -,  .,., 

-^*':-'j—    - 

.>««,: 

■M#^ 

i^^"^ 

'  M 

W^ 

>-* 

% 

--*«•  ■'*^"   -^„jl 

■Hk 

^^^^L.'4^^H 

P  ;; 

'  \." 

./ 

r> 

' 

UPPER  CASCADKS  WilAKK,  COLUMHI A    RIV1;R 


A  VIKW  OF  FORT  CAN  BY 


I 


UI6T0HY    llh'    OHKOON. 


9S1 


qimrtorri  iitioiit  twciity-fivti  iiiilett  froin  tli(< 
Modui!  cuiMp  in  tliu  liivii  lii><lri. 

The  cominiHi^iuii  iininedintcly  reupeiiod  com- 
iiniMicHtioiitt  with  Ciiptiiin  Jack.  PropoHitiotiH 
wcru  iniidu  tor  tiie  coiiiiiiiBHiotuira  to  im<et  tlie 
leading  men  of  tliu  Modocs  on  Boine  ground 
inidwny  lietween  tiie  CKnipn,  and  it  was  stipii- 
Inteii  that  no  act  of  war  i^lioiiid  bo  coniniitted 
hy  dither  party  wliile  tlie  negotiatione  were 
[)eniiinj5;  but  Captain  Jack  wuw  not  wiiiinfr  to 
go  out  of  the  lava  bedH  Id  meet  tiie  coiniiiip- 
eionera,  though  he  was  wiiiiag  to  meet  tliein  at 
tlie  toot  of  the  bluffs,  near  where  the  last  battle 
was  fouglit. 

It  was  found  ditHcult  to  arrange  a  council 
witli  tlio  ModocH  on  any  equal  terms.  Tliey 
were  afraid  to  trust  tliemselvcH  in  tiie  power  of 
tlie  whites.  Still  ncgotiationtt  through  messen- 
gers were  kept  up.  Finally  Mr.  Steele  of 
Yreka,  California,  in  whom  the  Indians  had  coii- 
Kdeiice,  and  Mr.  Fairchild,  accompanied  by  Rid- 
dle, a  white  man,  and  his  Indian  wife,  as  inter- 
preter, went  to  the  Modoc  camp  and  held  a  con- 
ference with  them,  reporting  what  was  said  by  the 
Indians  to  the  commissioner.  The  ne.xt  day  an- 
other conference  was  held  in  the  Modoc  camp  by 
the  same  parties.  At  this  conference,  for  a  long 
time,  the  Modocs  seemed  determined  to  take 
the  life  of  Steele  and  his  companion,  and  they 
were  only  saved  by  the  interference  of  Captain 
Jack  and  Scarface  Charley.  As  the  only  way 
to  secure  their  safety  they  remained  in  Captain 
Jack's  camp  all  night,  himself  and  Scarface 
standing  guard  over  them  in  silence.  Mr. 
Steele  was  only  permitted  to  leave  in  the  morn- 
ing, when  he  proposed  to  bring  back  with  him 
the  entire  commission  unarmed.  It  was  evi- 
dent that  the  Modocs  meant  treachery  then, 
and  if  the  commissioners  had  thus  ventured  in- 
to Jack's  camp  not  one  of  them  would  have 
come  out  alive. 

At  length  the  Modocs  sent  a  proposition  to 
General  Canby,  by  Queen  Mary,  sister  of 
Captain  Jack,  that  they  would  come  out  and 
surrender  if  ho  would  send  wagons  and  teams 
to  meet  them.     This  General  Canby   agreed  to 

14 


do,  but  when  the  appointed  time  had  come  and 
the  teams  and  wagons  were  sent  they  rctiirni'd 
empty.  Impatient  at  the  vacillation,  il  not 
tn'aclicry.  of  the  Modocs,  (iciicral  Canby  iioti- 
lifd  tlieni  that  no  more  tritling  would  lie  toler- 
ated. He  moved  his  troops  nearer  to  the  lava 
Iwds.  At  this  juncture  two  of  the  Peace 
Commissionfrs  left,  and  Kev.  Dr.  Thom- 
as, of  California,  with  Mr.  L.  S.  Dyer,  In. 
dian  agent  at  Klamath,  were  appointed  in 
their  places  and  soon  arrived  in  the  camp  of 
General  Canby.  On  the  last  day  of  March 
1873,  the  army  was  put  in  motion  for  the 
lava  beds,  by  order  of  General  Canby,  and 
its  camp  was  pitched  at  the  top  of  a  ridge 
overlooking  them,  and  not  more  than  a  mile 
and  a  half  from  Captain  Jack's  camp.  A  dele- 
i  gation  of  the  Indians  visited  the  camp,  but  no 
meeting  of  the  commissioners  with  them  could 
j  be  secured.  The  Modoc  camp  was  within 
j  range  of  the  field  glasses  of  the  army,  which 
I  now  counted,  in  all,  not  far  from  500  men, — ten 
to  one  of  the  Indians. 

One  of  the  Indians,  called  "Boston  Charley," 
came  to  the  quarters  of  the  commissioners  to 
arrange  for  a  meeting  with  them,  and  it  was 
held  the  following  day;  General  Canby,  Gen- 
eral Gilliam,  Dr.  Thomas,  Mr.  Meacham  and 
Mr.  Dyer  being  present,  with  Kiddle  and  his 
Indian  wife  as  interpreter,  and  Captain  Jack  and 
his  principal  men  on  the  part  of  the  Indians.  The 
meeting  did  not  last  long  and  was  without 
definite  resnlt,  although  seve.'al  things  sug- 
gested treachery  on  the  part  of  the  Indians 
The  only  agreement  reached  was  that  a  "conn 
cil  tent"  should  be  erected  on  half-way  ground, 
where  future  meetings  could  be  held.  The 
next  day  this  was  done.  The  tent  stood  about 
a  mile  from  General  Canby's  camp  and  a  little 
more  from  Jack's  stronghold,  and  in  full  view 
of  the  army  signal  station  on  the  bluff. 

Negotiations  lingered.  The  Modocs  were 
permitted  to  visit  the  camp  and  mingle  fiecly 
v.'ith  the  men.  Captain  Jack  made  a  reciucst 
by  a  messenger  that  Mr.  Meacham  and  John 
Fairchild  should  ^'isit  him  alone.     They  did  so, 


S32 


UISTOHY    OF    OREGOX. 


!?i!ii.. 


jiiiil  liail  a  lim;!  ciiiifuit'iicc  witli  the  i-liiot'tiiin, 
wiiicli  canvassed  the  whole  grouml  of  the  ditli- 
eiilty  with  the  Modocs,  and  set  before  Captain 
Jack  tlie  only  ground  on  wiiich  ])c-mv.  i/onld  i)e 
had,  namely,  the  iModocs  surrendering,  acknowl- 
edging tlie  authority  of  the  Government,  and 
leaving  that  region  of   country  for   a  home  on 

some  reservation. 

Is  it  any  wonder  that  these  men,  who  were 
horn  on  this  ground  hallowed  to  rhein  by  the 
memories  and  traditions  of  their  ancestors,  shotild 
object  to  that?  The  Indian  lir.o  great  inhabitat- 
ivenoss.  He  loves  the  place  of  his  birth  more 
than  (loos  the  white  maii.  lie  reveres  his  ances- 
tors more  than  the  other.  These  feelings  predom- 
inated ovei  the  Indians,  and,  with  impassioned 
and  sententious  eloquence,  Captain  Jack  re- 
plied; 

."  I  am  but  one  man.  1  ai,i  the  voice  of  my 
people.  "Whatever  their  hearts  are,  that  I  talk. 
I  want  no  more  war.  You  deny  me  the  rights 
of  a  \vhite  man.  My  skin  is  red,  my  heart 
is  the  heart  of  a  white  man,  but  J  "m  a  Modoc. 
I  am  not  afraid  to  die.  1  will  not  fall  on  the 
rocks.  When  I  die  my  enemies  will  be  under 
me.  Your  soldiers  began  on  me  when  I  was 
asleep  on  Lost  river.  They  drove  us  to  these 
rocks  like  a  wounded  deer.  Tell  your  soldier, 
Captain,  that  I  am  over  there  now.  Tell  him 
not  to  hunt  for  me  on  I-ost  river  or  Shasta  bntte. 
Tell  him  I  am  over  there.  I  want  him  to  take 
his  soldiers  away.  I  do  not  want  to  fight.  I 
am  a  Modoc.  I  am  not  afraid  to  die.  1  can 
show  him  iiow  a  Modoc  can  die.  " 

This  conference  lasted  a  full  half-day.  It  im- 
pressed the  coiuinissioners  and  (teneral  (^anby 
with  the  l>elief  that  Captain  Jack  and  a  minority 
of  the  warriors  wanted  peace,  i)nt  that  the  ma- 
jority were  against  them.  Throtigh  the  Indian 
wife  of  Kiddle  they  were  warned  of  treachery 
on  the  part  of  the  Modocs,  and  she  urged  them 
not  to  go  to  the  counciil  tent  again,  assuring 
them  they  would  be  killed  if  they  did. 

On  the  10th  of  April  a  delegation  of  Modocs 
visited  the  camp  of  the  Cdininissionersand  j)ro- 
posed  another  meeting  of  the  Indians  with  them. 


An  agreement  was  niiulc  with  them  to  nie*!t 
nnarmed,  five  uimrnied  Indians  at  the  conncil 
tent  at  noon  on  the  iie.xt  day.  Mr.  Meachaiu, 
who  was  absent  when  the  agreement  was  made, 
demurred  at  it  on  his  return,  lielieving  that  the 
Indians  meant  treachery.  Still  it  was  decided 
to  meet  the  engagement. 

In  the  Modoc  camp  the  night  was  spent  in 
council.  Jack  was  still  for  peace.  The  war- 
riors who  were  for  war  and  inunler  taunted  him 
with  want  of  courage,  gathered  around  him, 
placed  a  woman's  hat  on  his  head  and  ridiculed 
his  jjretensions  t<j  manltood.  Wiser  men  than 
Captain  Jack  have  quailed  before  ridicule.  So 
did  he.  Dashing  off  the  hat  he  shouted  out  his 
determination  to  carry  out  the  voice  of  his  ])eo- 
ple.  That  voice  was  to  murder  the  commis- 
sioners and  General  (_!anby  at  the  coui"'ilof  next 
noon.  Once  he  had  yielded,  Jack  planned  for 
the  atrocious  butchery  with  coolness  and  cunning. 
The  places  of  each  of  the  five  who  were  to  be 
in  the  conr.cil  were  assigned  them.  Thougii 
agreeing  to  go  unarmed  they  were  to  carry  re- 
volvers concealed,  and  other  Indians  with  riHes 
were  to  be  concealed  in  the  rocks  near  at  hand. 
Now  all  was  ready  and  stoically  the  Indians 
waited  for  the  day. 

In  the  tent  of  the  commissioners  there  was 
delay,  discussion,  hesitation.  Kiddle  and  his 
wife  warned  them  of  the  peril  of  assassination  if 
they  went.  Two  Modoc  messengers  were  with 
them  urging  haste.  It  was  nearly  noon  and  still 
they  lingered  and  counseled.  Perjiaps  a  shadowy 
presentiment  of  what  was  so  near  fell  on  their 
j  hearts.  Hut  at  last  they  started,  {-iieiieral  Canby, 
Dr.  Thomas,  ("oio.'?l  Meacham,  Air.  Dyer,  and 
Frank  Kiddle  and  his  wife  as  interpreters.  It 
was  a  splendid  group  of  men  thus  deliberately  to 
march  into  the  jaws  of  death. 

On  reaching  the  tent  they  found  eight  In- 
dians instead  of  five,  and  saw  at  once  that  they 
all  had  revolvers  cticealed  under  their  clotliing. 
Tile  Indians  greeted  them  cordially,  too  cor- 
dially, saluting  the  party  with  hand-shakings  and 
other  friendly  demonstrations.  Those  in  the 
party  best  acquainted  with  Indian  character  saw 


ifisToRV  OF  uumioy 


523 


at  oiit'o  the  purpose  of  the  ]\[o(loc8,  but  there 
was  nothing  to  tlo  but  cautiously  to  go  on  with 
tho  council,  await  the  issue,  and  if  jwssible  arrest 
what  seemed  so  certain.  Both  parties  appeared 
careless,  because  each  desired  to  deceive  the 
other,  l)ut  really  neither  was  deceived.  At 
length  Geneviil  Canby  opens  the  •' talk. ''  lie 
asked  the  interpreter  to  give  them  messages  •)f 
kindness,  and  assuring  them  of  his  friend.-,  ip 
Then  Dr.  Thomas  speaks  in  a  kindred  veh.. 
Captain  Jack  seems  now  ill  at  ease,  and  tlici  In- 
dians are  watching  him  closely.  Chief  8chon- 
chin,  next  to  Captain  Jack  in  anthorit}',  began 
a  very  violent  talk.  Jack  rises,  walks  a  few 
steps,  turns  round  anti  gives  a  signal,  when  the 
Modoc  war  whoop  starts  every  one  to  his  feet. 
Captain  Jack  draws  a  revolver  from  under  the 
left  breast  of  his  coat  and  shouts,  "Ail  ready!  " 
In  a  moment  (Tcneral  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas 
are  slain.  Mr.  Meacham  and  Mr.  Dyer,  each  of 
whom  had  |)Ut  a  derringer  pistol  in  his  pocket 
lu'lore  coming  to  the  council,  drew  their  der- 
I'ingers,  ar.d  with  them  for  a  moment  keep  off 
their  assassins.  Dyer  escaped  by  his  rajjid 
llight.  Meaciiam  is  shot  four  times  and  left  for 
dead  upon  the  rocks.  Almost  in  a  moment  the 
horrid  conspiracy  has  reached  this  bloody  con- 
.'^nmmation ! 

On  the  otlier  side  of  the  Indian's  stronghold 
another  scene,  a  little  1p~«  bloody,  is  being  en- 
acted. There  was  Colon  ;!  Mason's  Camp.  Two 
of  the  Indians  had  g Me  toward  it  with  a  flag 
of  truce  to  decoy  tiie  colonel  away  from  the 
immediate  protection  of  his  soldiers.  Two  men. 
Major  I?iiyleanil  Lieutenant  Sherwood,  went  out 
to  meet  the  flag.  Sherwood  was  shot  at  tiie  very 
moment  the  terrible  scene  was  being  enacted  at 
the  council  tent,  lioth  scenes  were  observed 
at  the  signal  station,  and  immediately  the  sol- 
diers were  ordereil  forward  and  went  flying 
toward  the  council  tent.  Here  tliey  stopped, 
attended  to  the  dead,  and  placing  ^Ir.  Meacham, 
who  had  revived,  on  a  litter  returned  to  camp 
again. 

We  need  not  stop  to  detail  the  sad  incidents 
that  surround  the  untimely  deaths  of    (ieneral 


Canby  und  Dr.  Thomas.  They  were  both  men 
whose  characters  and  deeds  deserve  volumes  in- 
stead of  paragraphs,  (ieneral  Canby  was  otic 
of  the  noblest  of  men.  Ilis  appearance  was 
striking  in  the  extreme.  Tall,  stately,  with  a 
face  radiant  with  benevolence,  the  eye  of  a 
scholar,  as  well  as  of  a  soldier,  he  was  a  man  to 
be  gazed  upon  among  a  thousand.  Ilis  record 
•:-.  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  was  that  of  a  brave 
r»ud  able  general  and  a  noble  and  patriotic  man. 

Dr.  Eleazer  Thomas  was  one  of  the  most  in- 
fluential Methodist  ministers  of  the  coast,  which 
had  been  his  home  for  nearly  twenty  years. 
Like  General  Canby  he  was  a  man  of  nolde  and 
attractive  presence.  If  the  Modocs  could  have 
selected  the  two  men  on  the  coast  out  of  the 
professions  these  men  represented,  whose  loss 
would  be  most  felt  by  the  whites,  no  two  would 
have  been  more  likely  to  have  been  selected. 
Nor  did  the  Indians  themselves  have  any  truer 
and  more  generous  friends.  Indeed  it  was  this 
very  friendship  and  nobleness  that  placed  them 
in  the  power  of  the  conspirators  at  this  time; 
and  they  were  really  martyrs  to  their  faitli  in 
Indian  character  and  their  own  humane  and 
(Christian  dispositions. 

After  this  treachery  and  cold-blooiU^d  murder, 
all  sympathy  for  the  Modocs  was  gone;  there 
was  nothing  thought  of  but  to  pursue  them  to 
the  death.  Just  at  this  juncture  an  enlisted 
company  of  Warm  Springs  iTidians,  umler  Don- 
ald Mclvay,  a  famous  Indian  scout,  and  grand- 
son of  the'  Mclvay,  who  was  destroyed  in  the 
ship  Tonquin,  arrived  on  the  scene.  Donald 
McKay  was  of  mixed  blood,  a  man  of  more  than 
ordinary  natural  endowments,  and  as  a  leader 
and  scout  unequaled  in  the  Indian  wars  of  the 
Northwest.  He  had  great  influence  among  all 
the  tribes,  and,  with  his  company  of  scouts,  was 
a  great  accession  to  the  forces  that  were  en- 
veloping the  lava  beds. 

It  was  not  until  the  fourteenth  of  April  that 
the  army  of  one  thousand  men,  and  the  seventy 
Warm  Springs  Indians  moved  forward  to  the 
assault  of  the  lava  beds.  The  Modocs  were 
awaiting  theni,  hidden  behind  rocks  so  that  they 


p    lii 


284 


HlsrOUY    OF    ORKQON. 


were  entirely  invinible  to  the  approaching  .sol- 
diers. After  a  cannonading,  which  elicited  no 
re|ily  from  the  Modocs,  a  eliarge  was  ordered. 
The  t-ojdiers  were  met  hy  a  withering  tire  from 
the  chasms  and  crevices  of  the  rocks,  and  men 
\n"'An  to  fall  on  the  right  and  on  the  left.  The 
battle  went  on  throngh  the  day,  and  the  next 
day,  but  it  was  impossible  to  turn  the  Indians 
out  of  their  stronghold. 

It  will  not  be  possible  to  follow  the  army  and 
the  little  band  of  Modocs  through  the  chances 
and  changes  of  the  following  month  of  war.  As 
long  as  the  Indians  had  food  and  water  they 
held  the  lava  beds.  When  at  last  these  failed 
•md  Captain  Jack  was  compelled  to  draw  off  his 
men  into  the  now  open  country,  the  scouts  of 
Donald  McKay  soon  located  them  and  pursuit 
by  the  army  followed.  But  after  this  some  in- 
cidents most  fearfully  tragic  occurred.  One 
was  a  battle  between  seventy-six  soldiers  and 
twenty-four  Modocs,  when  all  but  twenty-three 
of  the  soldiers  were  left  upon  the  field,  while 
not  an  Indian  was  killed.  The  effect  of  this 
afl'air  upon  the  morale  of  the  command  was 
such  that  General  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  who  had  been 
placed  in  command  after  the  death  of  General 
Canby,  deemed  it  imprudent  to  order  aggres- 
sive movements. 


While  the  Modocs  kept  to  the  lava  beds  they 
were  able  to  maintain  unity  among  them- 
selves, but  after  they  left  their  stronghold  dis- 
sensions arose,  which  resulted  in  the  division  of 
the  band.  The  very  men  who  had  forced  Cap- 
tain .lack  into  the  war  against  his  own  views 
and  feelings,  offered  to  conduct  the  soldiers  to 
the  hiding  place  of  the  chieftain.  They  were 
soon  discovered,  and  nearly  all  that  remained  of 
the  band,  including  Captain  Jack,  surrendered. 
But  it  was  not  until  tlie  5th  of  June  that  this 
occurred,  nearly  two  months  after  the  murders 
of  General  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas.  A  military 
commission  was  ordered  for  tl>e  trial  of  a  part 
of  the  warriors  at  Fort  Klamath.  Six  were 
tried,  and  four,  including  the  redoubtable  Cap- 
tain Jack,  were  hung,  on  October  3,  1873. 
Thus  closed  the  career  of  tlie  Indian,  who  made 
himself  more  celebrated  for  the  good  and  bad 
traits  of  Indian  character,  than  any  other  Indian 
in  Oregon  history;  and  thus  closed  the  most  re- 
markable Indian  war  of  the  Northwest. 

The  remainder  of  the  Modocs,  only  a  small 
remnant,  were  sent  by  the  United  States  to 
Indian  Territory,  and  assigned  a  home  in  that 
place  so  far  away  from  the  land  for  which  they 
contended  so  long,  and  with  such  bitter  and 
unrelenting  cruelty. 


-^.^.. 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON . 


245 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

INDIAN  WARS,  CONTINUED. 

Joseph's  Wae — Joskpii  and  Ollicdt — Causes  of  the  Wak — Instructions  to  Indian  Agents 
— General  Howard — Councils  Held — Aokek  to  qo  on  the  Kksekvation— Lai'wai — 
Claims  in  Camas  Puaibie — Murders  Committed — Cavalrt  sent  from  Lapwai — Hattlk 
of  White  Hird — Soldiers  Defeated — Length  of  the  War — Joseph's  Wonderful  Re- 
treat— His  Final  Surrender. 


^IIE  last,  as  well  as  the  most  remnrkable  of 
tlie  Indian  wars  of  the  Northwest,  was 
what  is  popularly  known  as '"  .loseph's 
war."  It  occurred  in  the  summer  of  1877. 
Though  the  most  of  its  cam j. signing  took  place 
in  Idaho  and  Montana,  yet  Joseph  and  his 
tribe  had  their  hahitut  in  Oregon,  and  therefore 
some    reference    t  war    belongs    to    our 

history. 

Joseph  was  the  hereditary  chicftHiii  of  what 
was  known  as  the  "lower  Nez    ".  rces."     His 
t'jftlier,  also  named  Joseph,  was  a   vfv  promi- 
nent figure  in  early  Oregon  history.      He   was 
strongly  endowed,  both  physically  andjinentally, 
which  always  made  him  noticeable  in  the  coun- 
cils of  his  people,  as  well  as  with  the  HudsonV 
Bay  Company  and  the  Amei'icans.     lie  wa^   ,. 
far-seeing  man,  and  hence  never  looked  kindly 
on    the  coming  of  the  Americans,  who  began, 
about  1842,  to  follow  the  missionaries  into  tin- 
country  in  such  numliers  as  to  awaken  his  feai 
for  his  own  people.      He  marrieil  a  wife  out  ot 
the  Cayuse  nation,  as  our  readers  know  a  fierce 
and    treacherous    people.      The    fruit    of    old 
Josepli's  marriage  was  two  boys,  the  oldest,  the 
Joseph  of  this  sketch,  and  the  younger,  "  Olli- 
cut."     Joseph  being  the  lineal  successor  of  his 
father  in  the  chieftainship  of  his  tribe.    Though 
Joseph  was  the  lineal  chief,  OUicut  participated 
in  all  the  affairs  of  government.     In  many  re- 
spects the  brotliors  were  contrasts.     Both  were 
not  less  than  six  feet  in  height,  finely   formed, 
lithe  and  active.  Joseph's  face  wore  a  somber,  un- 
fathomable look,  while  Ollicut's  was  open,  frank. 


and  full  of  laughter.     The  writer  first  saw  thesf 
men  on  the  4th  day  of  July,  1874,  while  he  was 
delivering  an  oration   and    laying    the    corner- 
stone of  an  educational  institution  at  La  Grande, 
in  the  Grande  Ronde  valley,  in  eastern  Oregim. 
They  stood  side  by  side  through  all  the  services, 
within   ten   feet  of  him,  listened  to  every  word, 
and  marked  every  action,  and  when  the  exercises 
were    ov^r   wrapped    their    long    red     blankets 
closely  ..'lout   them   and  stalked  sil' iitly  awa\ 
The  country  they  claimed  fur  their  home  was  in 
ti  <•  Wallowa  valley,  about  fifty  miles  northeast 
ol    La  Grande,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  spots 
of  the  Northwest.     In  addition  to  the  Wallowa 
valley,  ihe  valley  of  Iminaha,  celebrated  in  the 
ad\  I'titurous   travels   of    Bonneville,   was  occu- 
pied by  their  tribe.     These  valleys  are  hummed 
away  from  all  others  by  a  very  high  and  rugged 
spur  of  the  Blue  mountains,  and   so   for  a  long 
'<■     ^'   escaped    the  invasion  of   white  settlers, 
A   Joseph's    Nez    Perces    were    permitted  to 
occupy  them  unmolested. 

There  had  been  some  treaty  stipulation  be- 
tween old  Joseph  and  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  in  regard  to  the  land  in  \\\Qf 
valleys,  but,  as  is  not  unusual  with  treaties 
with  the  Indians,  it  served  at  last  as  the  occasion 
of  greater  difficulties,  and  really  of  the  bloody 
and  protracted  war  of  1877, 

Our  space  will  not  permit  us    to   follow    up 
and   out  all  the   causes  that  finally  resulted  in 
this  war;  nor  would    it  pay   the  reader  to  take 
the  time    to  read  them.     They  grew  out  of  nui 
tual    misunderstandings  of  the  parties    to  the 


ii6 


iiisroHY  (IF  DiiEikm. 


i^: 


I      I  I! 


trpiitii'S  ineiitioned,  tlm  crowding  of  flii"  white 
settleiiu'iits  upon  tlie  territory  (exclusively 
claimed  by  the  Indians,  and  the  influence  of  the 
Modoc  war  in  southern  Oregon,  which  i,'rcatly 
excited  nearly  all  the  tribes  of  the  Morthwest, 
so  that  they  were  all  with  ditHeulty  restrained 
from  hostilities.  Add  to  this  the  intractable 
nature  of  this  particular  band  of  Ncz  Pei'ces, 
with  a  few  personal  contliets  with  white  men, 
■"ho  were  trespassing  on  what  the  Indians 
clai'ned  for  their  own,  and  the  causes  will  be 
(jiiite  accurately  defined. 

The  Ciove  'nnient  had  determiTied  that  all  the 
Indiiins  of  the  Northwest  should  take  up  their 
residences  on  the  reservations.  That  for  the 
Xez  Perces  was  on  the  Clearwater  river  in 
northern  Idaho,  and  consisted  of  one  of  the  fin- 
est tracts  of  land  in  the  Northwest.  Joseph  and 
his  band  claimed  not  to  have  been  pai'ties  to 
the  treaty  by  which  this  reiorviition  was  set 
apart  for  the  Nez  Perce  trife.  ami  declined  to 
go  ujinn  it.  The  contagion  of  their  opposition 
extended  to  other  bands  of  what  were  called 
'•  non-treaty"  Ncz  Perces,"  and  nearly  k^d  to  a 
war  in  187;5.  I'ut  troops  were  sent  into  the 
infected  region  by  Gericral  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  then  in 
charge  of  the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  and 
the  trouble  was  for  the  time  ap|)easeil.  Put  .lo- 
seph's  band  remained  sullen  and  determined. 
As  the  month  passed  on  their  attitude  became 
more  and  more  one  of  menace.  ihey  denied 
the  authority  of  the  Government  at  Washington 
over  thcni,  and  close  observers  foresaw  that 
serious  trouble  would  arise,  and  probably  blood 
be  shed,  before  these  imUcontents  would  sub- 
mit. 

The  Department  of  the  Interior  at  Washing- 
ton tin;illy  issued  instructions  to  the  Indian 
agent  of  the  Ne/  Peri-es  reservation  at  Lapwai 
to  put  .losepli  anil  his  band  upon  that  reserva- 
tion, and  (uMieral  O.  O.  Howard,  who  had  suc- 
ceeiled  (ieneral  Davis  as  commander  of  the  De- 
partment of  the  (Columbia,  was  ordered  to  oc- 
cupy the  Wallowa  valley  vvitli  troops,  an<l  assist 
the  agent  in  carrying  out  his  instructions.  All 
that  could  possilily  be  don(!  was  done  to  induce 


.loseph  to  comply  peaceably  with  the  ])nrposes 
of  the  Government.  A  council  was  appointed  to 
be  held  at  Fort  Walla  Walla  in  April,  when  Jo- 
seph and  (Jeneral  Howard  were  lo  meet  and 
confer  about  the  situation.  General  Howard 
was  there  but  Joseph  did  not  come,  but  sent 
his  brother  Ollicut,  an  abler  talker  than  Jo- 
seph, though  not  so  able  a  man.  The  council 
amounted  to  but  little,  nothing,  indeed,  but  to 
postpone,  perhaps,  for  a  very  short  time  the 
impending  conflict,  yet  another  council  was  ap- 
pointed to  be  held  at  Lapwai,  on  the  3d  of 
^[ay,  1877.  Joseph,  Ollicut,  and  about  fifty  of 
their  braves  were  present  at  this  council;  they 
came  dressed  in  their  bravest  array,  and  being 
statwart  young  fellows,  hardly  one  less  than  six 
feet  tall,  as  they  rode  slowly  around  the  walls 
of  Fort  Lapwai,  chanting  a  shrill  and  searching 
soni;.  General  Howard  said,  •'  It  makes  one  feel 
glad  that  there  are  but  fifty  of  them  and  not  five 
hundred."  The  council  was  continued  next 
day.  Other  non-ti'eaty  Indians  had  come  in, 
among  them  White  Bird  and  his  band,  whose 
country  lay  between  Lapwai  and  Wallowa,  or 
the  country  of  Joseph.  This  council  was  held 
j  under  a  tension  of  exitement,  and  evidently 
the  Indians  were  under  the  influence  of  the  war 
1  sentiment;  so  much  so  that  (ieneral  Howard 
!  felt  that  some  time  must  be  gained  to  put  the 
j  troops,  then  on  the  march  to  the  Wallowa 
I  country,  iuto  position  for  impending  emergen- 
cies. The  couticil  was  therefore  adjourned  un- 
til the  following  Monday. 

Before  that  day.  May  7,  arrived  there  were 
large  accessions  to  the  "  non-treaty  Indians." 
A  messenger  had  brought  Joseph  word  that  the 
soldiers  (ioiieral   Howard    were    already   in 

Wallowa.  Matters  looked  more  serious.  When 
the  council  met  the  Indians  put  forwanl  Too- 
hiilhul  sote,  one  of  the  most  implacable  of  the 
band  as  thespoaker  of  the  occasion  for  them.  He 
was  bold,  bitter,  defiant.  General  Howard  was 
calmly  positive,  but  was  at  last  compelled  to  lead 
defiant  Too-hul-hul-sote  from  the  council  room 
the  by  force.  The  tone  of  the  other  Indians  be- 
came more  placidilc,  but  probably  only  from  a 


It! 


niSTOUY    OF    <IHE(WN. 


temporary  policy.  Tlie  final  council  was  held  one 
week  later.  Apparently  its  issno  was  peace, 
anil  most  believeil  that  all  dantjer  of  war  was 
averted. 

It  was  now  the  middle  of  iMay,  Joseph  and 
his  men  returned  toward  his  own  country,  White 
Bird  and  his.  went  to  their  home  on  SalmoTi 
river,  General  Howard  returned  to  Vancouver. 
The  month  following  was  quiet,  but  a  month  of 
preparation  for  something  on  the  part  of  the 
Indians, — the  whites  supposed  it  was  prepara- 
tions for  removing  to  the  reservation.  Hut  with 
the  middle  of  .June  tiie  air  began  to  be  tremu- 
lous with  news  of  strange  and  apparently  hos- 
tile movements  on  the  part  of  these  two  bands 
on  Salmon  river  and  on  (Jamas  prairie.  General 
Howard  had  returned  to  Lapwai. 

r.apwai  is  a  most  beautiful  spot.  It  is  a  green 
valley,  around  which  smooth,  sloping  hills, 
covered  with  luxuriant  grass,  sweep  and  roll 
away  in  every  form  of  symmetrical  beauty,  until 
their  azure  tops  touch  the  green  sides  of  Crags 
piny  mountains,  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  to  the 
south  and  east.  The  Lapwai  creek,  clear  as 
crystal,  ripples  down  the  center  of  the  lovely 
vale,  with,  here  and  there,  swaying  clumps  of 
willow  and  water  beech,  and  an  occasional  cotton- 
wood,  taller  and  more  stately,  standing  like  a 
green  spire  in  tiieir  midst.  One  would  travel 
far  to  find  a  lovelier,  more  homelike  and  peace- 
ful scene. 

The  evening  (teneral  Howard  arrived  at  this 
sylvan  retreat,  a  courier  came  trooping  down 
the  steeps  of  Crags  inonntain  with  a  letter  from 
one  of  the  most  trustworthy  and  intelligent  citi- 
zens of  Camas  prairie,  Ml-.  L.  P.  IJrown,  that 
sent  a  thrill  of  dread  through  the  heart  of  every 
officer's  and  soldier's  wife  in  Lapwai,  and  made 
officers  and  soldiers  begin  to  think  of  the  old 
murders  and  battles  of  the  southern  plains  and 
mountains.  The  latter  told  of  ominous  move- 
ments and  dangerousexcitementsof  the  Indians. 
A  detachment  of  soldiers  was  started  the  next 
morning  for  "Mount  Idaho,"  sixty  miles  south- 
east of  Lapwai.  The  Indians  wo'p  oiio:itnped 
near  tiiis  place.     Tlie  detachment  of  soldiers  on 


their  way  to  Mount  Idaho  met  another  mebsen- 
ger  with  still  more  exciting  news  and  turned 
back  with  him  to  Lapwai. 

Now  it  was  war, — war  without  disguise  or 
subterfuge;  such  war  as  Indians  only  wage. 
The  outbreak  had  occurred  on  the  13th  day  of 
June.  On  that  day  three  white  men  were  killed. 
On  the  14th,  six  men,  one  woman  and  a  little 
girl  were  killed,  and  in  the  night  of  that  day  a 
scene  of  horror  was  enacted  on  the  lovely  Camas 
prairie  which  beggars  description.  Over  it  we 
draw  a  veil. 

Joseph,  White  Bird,  Ollicut  and  all  the  rest 
were  riding  through  the  camps  and  declaring 
for  war.     Thus  was  begun  "Jose|)irs''  war. 

A  strong  detachment  of  cavalry  under  Colonel 
Perry  was  immediately  sent  from  Fort  Lapwai 
to  the  scene  of  hostilities.  It  took  two  days  to 
make  the  inarch.  On  reaching  (jrangeville.  a 
night  march  was  ordered  to  White  Bird  Canon, 
a  distance  of  sixteen  miles,  over  the  open  Cam- 
as prairie.  White  Bird  canon  is  a  deep  gorge, 
with  sloping  sides  somewhat  overlayedby  huge 
piles  of  broken  basaltic  rock  dropping  down  from 
the  south  eastern  end  of  Camas  prairie  very  steep- 
ly toward  Salmon  river,  about  tliree  miles  from 
the  head  of  the  canon.  Down  this  cai'ion  rnns  a 
broad  and  much  traveled  In<lian  trail.  Joseph's 
camp  was  now  near  Salmon  river,  .somewhat  to 
the  right  of  where  this  trail  comes  near  to  it 
and  then  detiects  to  the  left  and  up  the  river 
along  the  face  of  the  precipitonB  mountains 
that  rise  sheerly  up  for  some  thousands  of  feet 
from  the  water's  edge.  With  Joseph  was  White 
Bird  and  his  band. 

Colonel  Perry  and  his  command  came  to  the 
top  of  the  canon  almost  one  honr  before  the 
dawn,  and  here  remaine<l  until  daylight.  Their 
position  was  just  on  the  ridge,  where  from 
Joseph's  camp,  they  would  be  clearly  outlined 
against  the  clear  morning  sky  as  soon  as  it  was 
light  enough  to  see.  He  could  not  discern  the 
det^p  valleys,  here  were  the  camps  of  Joseph  and 
White  Bird,  as  they  lay  in  deep  mountain  shad- 
ows. But  his  position  lifted  him  clear  against 
the  sky. 


as 


UI STORY    OF    OREOON. 


Tliu  Iiidiiiiis  were  early  astir.  Joseph  ;iiid 
OUicut  were  among  tlie  lirst.  Tliey  soon  dis- 
covereii  Colonel  I'erry  and  his  cavalry  standintr 
inutiunless  on  the  crest  of  the  mountain  ridge 
as  though  painted  against  the  sky.  Soon  they 
began  to  move  in  close  order,  over  the  crest  and 
down  the  trail  into  the  caTion  leading  toward 
Joseph's  camp;  Joseph  drew  out  his  warriors 
and  ^ave  instructions  tor  battle,  lie  said:  "Get 
the  people  all  ready, — •women,  children  and  the 
stuff  over  the  White  Bird  creek.  White  Bird, 
take  your  men  and  turn  the  Bostons  when  they 
get  to  that  ridge.  I  will  get  over  there  behind 
the  rocks  and  wait.  Mox  Mo.x  and  the  women 
must  take  care  of  the  herd,  and  give  us  iVesh 
horses  if  ours  are  shot  down,  Ollicut  must  stay 
with  me."  Everything  was  done  as  Joseph  had 
directed.  After  they  had  taken  their  positions 
as  ordered,  with  arms  and  ammunition  in  readi- 
ness, and  their  ponies  standing  ].>atiently  by 
their  side,  the  Indians  waited  the  attack  of  the 
cavalry. 

They  had  not  long  to  wait.  The  cavalry  soon 
approached  the  buttes,  behind  one  of  which 
White  Hird  was  stationed,  and  the  other  of  which 
C(mcealed  Joseph  and  Ollicut  and  their  warriors. 
The  cavalry  was  marching  in  columns  of  tour. 
Suddenly  the  Indians  appeared  in  open  skir- 
mish order  stretched  out  into  an  irregular  line. 
They  came  into  sight  everywhere.  From  be- 
hind stones,  bushes  and  every  other  cover  they 
took  deliberate  and  deadly  aim.  These  were 
Joseph's  men.  On  the  other  side  White  Bird 
and  his  flanking  party  were  galloping  well  to 
the  left.  Then  the  cavalry  endeavored  to  de- 
ploy and  get  into  such  dispositions  as  would  en- 
able them  to  meet  the  tierce  assaults  of  the  In- 
dians, but  they  were  too  hemmed  in,  and  the 
bugler,  who  sounds  the  calls,  and  makes  orders 
plain  amidst  noise  and  confusion,  was  dead. 
Their  retreat  was  ordered,  and  an  attempt  was 
made  to  take  a  position  on  high  ground,  and 
the  little  column  moved  rearward  and  leftward, 
but  the  Indians  were  too  quick  for  them    and 


girdled  them  with  fire.  The  men  became  panic- 
stricken,  and  in  a  moment  the  rout  became 
genei-al.  At  lengtli  Colonel  Perry  succeeded 
in  organizing  a  party  of  twenty-two  men,  by 
which  means  alone  a  single  otlicer  or  man  es- 
caped from  death.  One  hundred  whites  en- 
tered this  Indian  battle.  More  than  one-third 
of  them  were  slain  it  it. 

Joseph,  Ollicut  and  White  Bird  pushed  the 
pursuit  within  four  miles  of  (irangeville. 
Tliey  then  drew  off  and  slowly  rode  back  to 
White  Bird  canon,  a  wild,  jubilant,  triuniphant 
herd  of  savages,  thrilling  with  victory,  and 
thirsting  for  more  blood. 

This  battle  was  fought  just  north  of  Salmon 
river,  and  but  a  few  miles  across  the  Oregon 
line,  in  Idaho.  It  was  within  sight  of  the  high 
mountain  points  that  circle  the  Wallowa  and 
Immaha  valleys,  and  the  hero  of  it  was  Joseph, 
whose  home,  as  we  have  said,  was  Oregon. 
Hence  we  have  followed  its  history  thus  far, 
but,  except  in  a  few  general  statements,  can  fol- 
low it  no  farther. 

The  war  lasted  until  late  in  the  antnmn. 
Joseph  showed  himself,  not  only  a  warrior  to  be 
feared  on  the  field  of  battle,  but  a  master  of 
strategy  as  well.  When  the  forces  of  General 
Howard  had  become  too  strong  for  him  he 
turned  into  the  mountains  of  Idaho  and  Mon- 
taiia,  and  led  the  forces  of  the  United  States  a 
long  and  wearisome  chase  through  the  Jiational 
Park,  over  the  plains  of  the  Yellowstone  and 
the  Missouri.  The  remnant  of  his  men  sur- 
rendered in  early  October  to  General  Miles, 
who  had  come  in  with  forces  from  the  eastward, 
while  General  Howard's  men  were  following 
the  Indian's  trail  from  the  west.  From  the 
battle  of  White  Bird  canon  to  the  surrender 
of  Joseph,  Howard's  counnar.d  had  marched  in 
pursuit  of  the  redontable  chieftain  over  1,300 
miles.  This  magnanimous  general  himself  as- 
cribes to  Joseph  the  highest  qualities  of  a 
general. 


«g<f..^ 


S^-ig 


a(i«^ie)P  '^»*"   ~ 


HISTORY    OV    OUEOON. 


CIlAPTEli  XXVIII. 
OREGON  IN  1803— HEU  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  COUNTIES. 


Introductory  Note — Pokti-and — General  Descrittion — Her  Location — Centfr  of  Trade — 
Population — Salem — Hkb  Site  —  Characteristics —  Institutions —  Beautiful  Plat — 
Oreuon  City — Location — The  Willamette  Falls — Dr.  McLaughlin — Controversies — 
Historic  Distinction  —  Albany  —  Situation  —  General  Bkalty  —  College  -  -  liAiLKOAD 
Center — Eugene — Lane  County — Head  of  Valley — State  University. 


JE  have  traced  various  departments  of 
the  history  of  Oregon  from  the  time  of 
tlio  discovery  of  the  Columbia  river  by 
Captain  Robert  Gray,  in  1702,  through  a  full 
hundred  years.  In  doing  so  we  have  endeavored 
to  put  before  the  minds  of  our  readers  as  fair  a 
picture  of  its  progress  as  the  limits  under  which 
we  have  necessarily  written  would  permit.  Its 
history  has  been  so  various  and  so  thrilling 
that,  to  treat  it  circumstantially,  in  details  of 
personal  incident  and  adventure,  would  require 
many  volumes  instead  of  one.  We  have  writ- 
ten enough,  liowever,  to  show  how  varied  and 
unusual,  even  for  new  countries,  the  story  of 
its  settlement  was.  Our  readers  have  seen  too, 
i)y  what  a  splendid  race  of  men  and  women  the 
work  of  makingOregon  was  done.  Still  the  writer 
feels  tliat  only  a  small  number  of  those  whose 
record  entitled  them  to  grateful  enshrinenient 
on  the  fair  pages  have  been  put  there,  and  solely 
because  there  were  so  many  faces  in  the  gallery, 
from  whose  walls  look  down  the  serene  faces  of 
these  pioneers  of  civilization  and  education  and 
religion  that  the  pages  could  not  hold  them, 
and  it  is  with  a  sense  of  regret  that  he  closes 
his  work  without  giving  them  all  the  place  in 
public  to  which  his  heart  assigns  them.  But 
desire  must  here  wait  on  necessity,  and  in  a 
concluding  chapter  we  can  onlv  group  facts 
and  statements  that  will  give  our  readers  a  fair 
idea  of  the  Oregon  of  1893, — that  Oregon  to 
which    the    Oregon    of  the    hundred    years   of 


change  and  growth,  which  wo  have  studied,  have 
led. 

We  entered  Oregon,  in  our  history,  in  a  pe- 
riod long  anterior  to  the  time  when  Bryant  in 
his  "  Thanatopsis  "  sung  of 

•'  The  continuous  wood 
Where  rolls  the  Oregon,  and  hears  no  sound 
Save  its  own  dashing." 

So  little  did  even  the  poet  know  of  that 
whereof  he  sang  that  his  lines  are  now  set  down 
as  a  marked  instance  of  poetic  license  in  their 
verbal  expression,  while  yet  they  do  embody  a 
fact  of  the  time  when  he  wrote.  (Oregon  was 
then  a  solitude,  albeit  "  the  Oregon  "  rolled  for 
nearly  all  its  way  where  leaf  nor  bough  of 
"  wood "  reflected  in  its  mirroring  clearness. 
Only  one  who  had  himself  seen  the  progress  of 
the  change  out  of  that  old  into  this  new  can 
realize  the  change.  To  him  it  has  been  the 
greater  and  better  part  of  his  own  growth,  and 
it  is  now  the  best  portion  of  his  life,  and  hence 
he  sees  it  all,  realizes  it  all,  feels  it  all. 

In  considering  the  Oregon  of  1893,  we  desire 
to  place  before  the  mind  of  the  reader,  in  the 
first  place,  its  towns  and  cities,  for  they  are  what 
most  specially  give  character  of  a  civilization. 
Cities  are  but  the  thoughts,  and  impulses,  and 
ambitions  of  a  people,  hardened  into  substantial 
and  unwasting  forms. 

The  chief  city  of  Oregon,  as  it  is  of  all  the 
great  Northwest,  is 


•j;t() 


lUHroitr    Oh'    OHKOON. 


I'ORTI.ANIA 

It  would  take  a  book  to  describe  Portland: 
we  can  (five  it  but  part  of  a  (■liai)ti'r.  NLan^' 
reasons  make  it  too  ditticult  to  give  a  reader 
who  has  never  seen  the  city  even  an  ontline 
impression  of  it  in  this  way.  The  city  is  so 
new,  and  yet  so  old.  All  about  it  and  all  away 
I'rom  it  are  lif'te<l  timbered  heights,  or  stretch-out 
fir-covered  intervales.  Looking  at  them  from  a 
distance  one  can  hardly  discover  an  opening 
that  an  ax  has  made.  Approaching  it  by  the 
river  but  little  can  be  seen  of  it  but  a  long,  low 
range  of  docks  and  wharves  by  the  side  of  which 
are  lying  scores  of  steamers,  or  before  them  are 
anchored  many  ships  of  the  sea.  The  impres- 
sion is  disappointing.  The  steep  hills  to  the 
west  seem  almost  to  impend  over  the  city, 
which  appears  to  rest  on  a  narrow  shelf  of  land 
at  their  l)ase,  but  a  little  elevated  above  the  tide. 
As  one  steps  ashore  and  rises  into  the  streets, 
and  looks  up  and  down  and  out,  between  the 
long  rows  of  stores  and  hotels,  rising  for  si.x  or 
ten  stories,  of  massive  form  and  splendid  archi- 
tecture, and  sees  the  ceaseless  stream  of  comers 
and  goers,  the  flashing  by  of  hundred.^  of  elec- 
tric cars,  and  listens  to  the  ceaseless  roar  of 
business,  the  illusion  of  the  first  impression 
vanishes,  and  he  awakens  to  find  himself  in  the 
heart  of  a  great  commercial  emporium.  But 
even  yet  he  does  not  comprehend  it.  Nature 
about  him  is  so  great  and  broad  and  preponder- 
ant that  the  city  seems  small  and  slight  in  com- 
parison. So  it  is  everywhere  in  Oregon.  Na- 
ture is  8(1  vast  that  all  art  seems  circum.scribed. 
liesides  the  mighty  structures  of  the  hilU  that 
rise  five  hundred  or  a  thousand  feet  just  beyond 
and  so  far  above  our  hotel  windows,  the  eight 
or  ten  stories  of  our  hotels  seems  but  spare  in 
comparison.  Portland,  as  a  work  of  art,  suffers 
this  depreeiative  contrast  at  first  in  the  minds 
of  all  coiners.  Vet  they  scarcely  understood 
the  reasons  of  their  disappointed  feeling.  Per- 
haps they  cannot  until  they  have  ascended  to 
the  very  summits  of  the  heights  on  a  bright, 
sunny  day,  and  from  that  elevation  studied  over 


and  over,  uguin  and  again,  the  scene  that  lies 
spread  out  before  and  beneath  and  around  him. 
Let  the  reader  come  with  the  writer  to  this  green 
pinnacle  around  the  slopes  of  which  a  beautifully 
graded  roadway  winds  and  curves  for  some 
miles,  and  we  will  look  from  it  over  the  scene. 
My  friend,  you  will  not  talk  at  first:  your  eye, 
will  wander  eastward,  southward,  northward, 
along  the  stretching  slopes,  through  the  appar- 
ently endless  streets,  across  the  broad  river,  and 
over  the  city-covered  miles  beyond.  Then  you 
will  look  again  and  yet  again.  Vou  begin  imw 
to  see  Portland.  Lift  your  eyes  a  little  and 
look  farther  to  the  east.  Slowly  follow  the  long 
mountain  slopes,  forty  miles  away,  that  spring 
up  higher  and  highei  until  upon  their  green 
shoulders  they  lift  up  into  the  sky,  twelve  thou- 
sand feet,  the  shining  coronet  of  Mount  Hood, 
more  than  sixty  miles  from  where  yo\i  stand. 
And  yonder,  farther  to  the  north  and  '  rther 
from  your  feet,  are  Adams  and  St.  Helen's  and 
Rainier,  far  across  the  silver  sea  of  the  ColuiTibia. 
Your  eye  has  swept  an  arc  of  three  hundred 
miles  of  mountain  range,  not  dimly  outlined 
through  a  smoky  mist,  but  as  clearly  mapped 
against  the  amber  horizon  as  though  you  conlil 
touch  them  with  your  finger.  From  this  vast 
sweep  of  vision  you  again  drop  your  eye  upon 
the  city.  If  you  are  an  artist  you  will  see  at 
once  why  it  seeined  so  small  befoi'e.  It  is  alone 
the  predominance  of  Nature  on  a  scale  so  meas- 
ureless that  all  that  art  can  attempt  or  achieve 
is  little  in  comparison.  Still  now  the  city  seems 
emparadised.  '  The  great  vale  in  which  it  so 
sweetly  slumbers  is  mountain-hound.  The 
nearer  hills  are  orchard-crowned.  The  city 
itself  is  in  the  enfolding  embrace  of  a  rich,  soft 
foliage  of  maple  anil  elm  and  poplar.  Its  lofty 
towers  rise  white  or  gray  far  above  their  tossing 
branches.  The  gliiling  steamers  on  both  rivers, 
the  rushing  trains  that  wave  their  distant  ban- 
ners of  steam  against  the  landscape,  iiuieed  all 
that  we  behold  entrances  and  enslaves  our  fancy, 
and  we  begin  to  understand  Portland.  Between 
the  seas,  from  shore  to  shore,  tiiere  is  no  iither 


HISTORY    Oh'    OIIEUOX. 


m 


city  tliiit  eun  give  tlic  buhuldoi'  ku  vast,  so  sub- 
lime, 80  beautiful  a  scene. 

The  position  of  Portland  preordains  its  con- 
trolling greatness.  The  meeting  of  the  Willam- 
ette and  Columbia  rivers  in  the  very  heart  of 
the  empire  of  the  Northwest,  in  the  midst  of  the 
most  productive  region  of  the  Pacific  coast,  is  of 
itself  sufficient  to  fix  it  as  the  center  of  com- 
merce for  all  the  region  drained  by  these  waters. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  deep-sea  navigation,  where 
all  the  great  commercial  cities  of  the  world  are 
found.  London  is  at  the  head  of  deep-draugiit 
navigation  on  the  Thames.  Paris  is  not  on  the 
sea  but  on  the  Seine:  Canton,  (Calcutta,  Liver- 
pool, Antwerp,  are  the  same.  In  America  the 
same  fact  prevails.  Commerce  seeks  its  most 
inland  point  of  distribution.  Portland  meets 
the  condition,  has  the  same  history,  and  will 
always  illustrate  the  same  philosophy  of  trade. 

Portland  lias  a  population  that  touches  a 
hundred  thousand.  Its  people  are  cosmopoli- 
tan, and  its  customs  are  as  its  people.  Its  pub- 
lic buildings  are  tnodels  of  massiveness  and 
solidity.  Some  of  its  churches  rival  those  of 
the  largest  cities  of  the  East.  Its  schoolhonses 
are  of  excellent  quality.  Its  railroading  and 
steatnboating  are  so  immense  that  to  attempt 
to  catalogue  them  is  impossible.  Its  banks 
are  loaded  with  gold.  How  many  men  who 
count  their  tens  of  millions  of  wealth  there  are 
we  cannot  tell.  .\t  all  events  it  ranks  tho  third 
in  comparative  wealth  among  the  cities  of  the 
world. 

Without  entering  upon  any  specific  enumer- 
ation of  its  industries,  its  vastly  extended 
commercial  relations  by  land  or  by  sea,  or  at- 
tempting any  extended  statements  in  regard  to 
it,  only  in  this  general  way,  we  may  say  that,  as 
Portland  has  been  the  great  city  of  the  North- 
west, there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  its 
destiny  is  to  be  the  greatest  city  of  the  ultimate 
West. 

From  Portland  it  is  but  the  natural  step  for 
us  to  consider  next  in  order  the  capital  of  the 
State. 


8ALEM. 

The  site  of  Salem  is  fair  and  beautiful  beyond 
description.  Imugine  a  Ijroad  and  silvery  river, 
swinging  gracefully  through  the  ronnde<l  hill.s' 
and  then  the  undulating  jilains;  the  hills  tessel- 
lated with  spreading  oaks  ,and  the  plains  fringed 
with  lofty  pines,  gliding  as  quietly  as  the  air 
out  from  behind  a  projecting  jioint  of  one  of 
these  hills,  a  few  miles  away  to  the  south,  and 
then  as  noiselessly  glidingon  northward  tlirough 
a  long  stretch  of  sloping  upland  on  the  east  and 
low  willow-fringed  bottoms  on  the  west,  and 
then,  some  miles  below,  swaying  out  f)f  si^ht 
again  l)y  a  slight  turn  to  the  eastward.  On  this 
sloping  upland,  coming  sheer  against  the  river- 
side, and  sloping  toward  the  west  lies  Salem. 
Its  site  comes  to  the  river  in  a  vertical  wall  of 
gravel-drift  of  from  twenty  to  fifty  feet  in 
height,  then  extending  eastward,  nearly  on  a 
line,  for  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  begins  to  slope 
gently  up  and  continues  thus  for  anotliei'  quar- 
ter of  a  mile,  where  it  falls  again  on  a  level,  and 
then  continues  eastward  for  three  or  four  miles 
farther,  where  the  oaken  "  Wald  Hills"  begin 
their  gentle  and  beautiful  rolls.  Over  all  this 
reach  the  oaks  are  scattered,  like  some  great 
orchard  trees,  with  here  and  there  a  lofty  tir 
shooting  its  evergreen  spire  a  hundred  feet 
above  the  tallest  oak.  Down  through  the  cen- 
ter of  this  stretch  of  beauty,  from  the  east,  conies 
a  rivulet  of  twenty  feet  in  '.vidth,  hasting  onward 
over  rapidq  and  riffles  as  though  anxious  to  join 
its  note  to  the  silver  rhythm  of  the  river's  flow. 
Over  in  the  west,  beyond  the  river — the  beaati- 
ful  Willamette — rise  and  roll  away  the  hills  of 
Polk  county,  like,  but  only  higher,  than  those 
away  to  the  east.  This,  in  outline,  was  the  an- 
cient "  Chemeketa"  of  the  Indians,  is  the  mod- 
ern 'j'  Salem"  of  the  white  man. 

As  one  writes  these  names  he  is  inclined  to  re- 
grot  that  the  omnipresent  Yankee,  who  clings  so 
tenaciously  to  New  England  nomenclature,  had 
not  been  present  when  the  white  man's  city  was 
named,  or   else    that  he  had  let    the    musical 


MS 


aiSTOHY    Of    OHKQON. 


i    it 


"  Chemeketa"  remain  to  monument  the  now 
departed  race. 

Salem  was  platted  on  a  majifnaninions  scale. 
Its  streets  are  wide,  its  avenues  maf^nitieent, 
•and  its  lots,  whether  for  residence  or  business, 
very  large.  This  gives  it  a  semi-rural,  liome- 
lilce  ai)pearance,  and  renders  it  practicalde  to 
embower  the  residences  in  fruit  and  ornamental 
trees,  and  this  the  people  have  largely  done, 
liiinniny  east  and  west,  directly  through  the 
heart  of  the  city,  is  Capital  avenue,  nearly  half 
a  mile  in  lenj^th,  and  probably  800  feet  in  width, 
serving  the  purpose  of  a  beautiful  park.  At 
its  west  end  stand  the  Marion  county  court- 
house, a  finely  constructed  edifice  of  graceful 
architecture,  and  at  its  eastern  termination  the 
State  capital,  a  building  that  in  dimensions  and 
appearance  is  a  credit  to  the  State.  Just  on 
the  southern  side  are  the  grounds  and  buildings 
of  the  Willamette  University,  wliose  history  and 
work  are  elsewhere  spoken  of,  and  the  beautiful 
Methodist  church,  one  of  the  chastest  pieces  of 
church  architecture  on  the  coast.  On  the  north- 
ern side  are  a  large  number  of  beautiful,  even 
elegant,  dwellings,  whose  ornamented  and  well- 
kept  grounds  delight  the  eye  of  the  passer. 
Still  further  to  the  north  and  west  the  spires  of 
a  large  number  of  churches  rise  above  the 
dwellings.  Looking  westward,  down  Capital 
avenue  from  the  steps  of  the  capital  building, 
the  business  blocks  of  the  city,  on  State  and 
Commercial  streets,  are  in  plain  view.  Electric 
street  car  lines  are  running  in  every  direction. 
The  Catholics  have  very  large  school  interests 
here.  There  are  schools  for  the  blind,  and  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb  under  Slate  control.  Back 
of  the  city  a  mile  or  more  are  the  State  Peni- 
tentiary, the  Insane  Asylum,  and  a  distance 
further  soutii  is  the  State  lieform  School.  All 
these  are  extensive  and    magnificont  buildings. 

The  population  of  Salem  is  aiiout  li5',000, 
and  they  count  in  that  number  a  large  propor- 
tion of  wealthy  men.  Every  department  of 
business,  and  every  profession,  is  coinmandingly 
represented.  As  it  is  the  capital  city,  and  the 
seat  of  some  of  the  I)est  endowed    and    oldest 


schools  in  the  State,  its  society  is  not  only 
fashionable  but  intelligent.  Still  it  is  a  city  of 
churches,  and  tliere  are  few  towns  of  its  size  in 
the  United  States  that  supports  thoin  more 
generously. 

Salem  is  the  second  oldest  town  in  the  State, 
if,  indeed  any  one  can  fairly  be  said  to  i)e  ohler 
than  it.  There  are  few  cities  anywiiere  that 
for  i)eauty  of  situation,  spleiulid  sci-nery.  culti- 
vated society,  and  general  attractiveness  can 
rival  the  capital  of  Oregon. 

OBEOON     CITY. 

In  going  from  Portland  to  Salem,  a  distance 
of  forty-five  miles,  we  have  passed  by  what 
claims  to  be  the  oldest  city  of  the  Northwest, 
Oregon  City,  at  the  falls  of  the  Willamette, 
twelve  miles  above  Portland.  Perhaps  Oregon 
City  dates  its  real  settlement  a  trifle  before  the 
capital  city.  It  was  for  some  years  the  largest 
and  wealthiest  place  in  the  Northwest,  and 
served  as  the  capital  of  the  Territory  during  the 
existence  of  the  provisional  government.  Na- 
ture selected  its  site.  Just  here  a  range  of  ba- 
saltic hills,  several  hundred  feet  iii  '.'jight,  crosses 
the  Willamette  river,  or,  to  speak  more  sciontifi- 
cally  true,  the  Willamette  river  has  plowed  a 
channel  through  a  range  of  basaltic  hills  ami 
made  for  itself  a  way  deeply  locked  between 
escarpments  of  that  rock  rising  in  a  couple  of 
terraces  200  or  300  feet.  In  the  middle  of 
this  deeply  worn  channel  the  river  plunges  over 
a  precijiice,  some  thirty  feet  in  height,  falling 
into  a  rent  in  the  basalt,  from  ..nich  it  issues 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  below  the  falls  and 
flows  swiftly  away  down  the  (Hackamas  rapids, 
between  pebbled  shores,  toward  the  sea.  Just 
at  these  falls,  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  lies 
Oregon  City.  It  strolls  backward  and  upward 
on  the  successive  ascents  of  the  hills  for  a  mile 
or  more,  and  downward  along  the  rivers  flow 
for  an  equal  distance.  Its  business  is  mostly 
confined  to  that  part  of  tiie  city  lying  between 
the  first  escarpment  and  the  river,  which  consti- 
tutes a  bench  of  about  forty  rods  in  widtli,  and 


HISTORY    OF    OIIKOON. 


8;i:i 


id  neiirly  on  a  lovul  with  tlic  water  of  tlio  river 
ul)()ve  tiiu  falls.  On  the  hriiik  of  tlio  fulls  nro 
situated  the  maiiiifaeturiiig  ostabliHhnieiite  of 
the  place,  aiifl  here  aUo  is  inaiiiifactured  the 
electricity  that  driven  much  oi  the  machinery 
and  kindles  many  of  the  lights  of  Portland, 
twelve  miles  away.  Oregon  City  has  a  popula- 
tion ofahout  5,000,  and  among  its  citizens  are 
some  of  the  best  known  and  most  influential 
of  the  State.  Its  churches  and  schools  are  ex- 
cellent. 

Oregon  City  was  the  home  of  Dr.  Jolin  Mc- 
Laughlin after  he  left  the  Hudson's  Iky  (Com- 
pany.    He  selected  the  land  on  the  east  side  of 
the   Willamette,  river,   lying  against    the    falls 
as  his  "  claim  "  hefore  the  settlement  of  tlie  pos- 
sessory rights  so  long   in   dispute  between  the 
United  Status  and  England,  and  when  that  was 
finally  decided    became    himself  an    American 
citizen  that  he  might  hold    it   legally.      lie  he- 
came  involved  in  a  controversy  in  regard  to  it 
with    Kev.    A.    F.    Waller   of    the    Methodist 
mission,  the  merits  of  which  it  is  not  necessary 
to  discuss,  but  which  was  a  source  of  annoyance 
to  them  both  at  that  time   and   long  thereafter, 
and  has  been  the  fruitful  occasion  of  much  fruit- 
less discussion    by   many    writers.     It    was  eo 
adjusted    finally    that    substantial   justice    was 
probably  secured.    Doubtless  much  unjust  prej- 
udice against  Dr.  McLaughlin    was  felt  by  the 
missionaries  and  many  of  the  early  settlers  be- 
cause he  had  been  the  controlling  spirit  in  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Coinpany  during  the  time  when 
it  was  doing  the  most  to  make  Oregon  British 
instead  of  American.     We  have  given  our  esti- 
mation of  his  action  in   this   regard  elsewhere, 
and  need  not  repeat  it  here;  nor  would  it  serve 
any  good  purpose  to  detail  the  story  of  the  per- 
sonal controversies  in  which  even  good  men  be- 
caine  involved   by  these  facts.     The  asperities 
then  engendered  have  died   away,  and  the  men 
who  indulged  them   have  been  assigned  by  the 
just    consensus  of  public  opinion  their   equal 
place  side  by  side  among  those  to  whom  Oregon 
owes  an  ever  accumulating  debt  of  gratitude. 
Dr.  McLaughlin  died  and  was  buried  at  Oregon 


City.  In  after  years  the  lioinan  Catholic  Church 
canonized  him.  and  in  its  calendar  he  is  known 
as  St.  McLaughlin,  —a  title  to  which  he  was 
more  worthy  than  nuiiiy  more  conspicuous 
'•saints." 

Oregon  City  has  the  historic  distinction  of 
being  the  place  where  the  first  Protwitant  church 
ever  erected  on  the  entire  Pacific  was  built.  It 
was  under  the  administration  of  liev.  A.  F.  Wal- 
ler and  Kev.  Gustayus  Ilines  of  the  Methodist 
Ei)iscop8l  mission  that  this  was  done,  in  18-t2- 
'43.  It  was  a  plain  wooden  building,  and  though 
not  now  used  as  a  church,  is  still  standing,  a 
full  lifty  years  after  its  erection.  Oregon  City 
has  the  finest  water  power  in  Oregon,  and  be- 
fore steam  and  electricity  became  the  great 
motor  powers,  it  was  expected  that  it  would  l)e 
the  Lowell  or  Manchester  of  the  Pacific  coast. 
It  is  and  must  remain  an  important  and  inter- 
esting place. 

Proceeding  up  the  valley  of  the  Willamette 
river,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  stream,  the  next 
important  city  above  Salem  is 

ALBANY, 

about  twenty-five  miles  from  the  capital.  This 
city  is  the  county  seat  of  Linn  county,  generally 
considered  the  best  agricultural  county  in  the 
State.  This  county  extends  from  the  Cascade 
UKiuiitains  westward  to  the  Willamette  river 
and  has  a  variegated  surface,  largely  prairie, 
and  a  very  fruitful  soil.  The  city  is  situated  at 
tiie  junction  of  the  Callapooia  with  the  Willam- 
ette river,  where  a  rich  prairie  abuts  against 
the  river,  and  about  fifty  feet  above  it.  It  ie 
very  near  the  center  of  the  great  valley,  and  a 
vast  outlook  over  prairie,  and  along  the  great 
mountain  ranges  on  either  side  of  the  valley,  is 
enjoyed  by  its  people. 

Albany  is  a  very  handsomely  built  city.  Its 
churches  are  numerous  and  of  very  creditable 
architecture,  and  all  it«  public  buildings  show 
the  wealth  and  cult\)re  of  the  city.  Its  educa- 
tional facilties  are  of  the  best,  for,  in  addition 
to  its  excellent  public  schools,  it  has  the  Albany 
College,  the  leading  educational  institution  of 


984 


ir/sronr  or  oRKnoN. 


till'  ['rL'HWvteriuii  Cliurcli  in  (Jru^tiii.  Its  liu«i- 
w»»  is  large,  coiisistini;  of  hII  flie  ordinary 
l)riiiicliu8  of  tnnle,  :md  lM>8i(le8  if  lias  very  large 
iiiillini;  estHMishineiits,  it  lioiiig  in  the  center  of 
one  of  the  best  wlieat-growinfj;  sections  of  tlie 
State.  Its  water  power  is  exceptionally  good,  the 
enterprise  of  its  people  having  created  a  largo 
canal,  sonic  twenty  miles  long,  conveying  the 
waters  of  the  Santiam  river,  a  bold,  clear,  sweet 
i^ionntain  stream. down  throngii  the  wide  prairies 
into  the  very  heart  of  tiie  city, — a  thing  of 
bcanty  and  of  utility,  as  well. 

Albany  is  somethini;  of  a  railroad  center,  it 
being  one  of  the  mo>t  important  stations  on  the 
Southern  I'aeitic  road,  the  point  of  junction  of 
the  Lotianon  branch  with  the  main  line,  and  alto 
the  pliux'  where  the  Oregon  J'aeific  crosses  the 
AVillniiU'tte  river,  and  the  Southern  Pacific  in 
its  course  eastward  from  Newport  on  Vaquina 
liay  toward  IJuise  City,  and  whatever  may  be 
its  Atlantic  connection.  From  these  general 
statements  it  will  be  seen  that  Albany  is  not 
only  now,  but  will  always  be,  one  of  the  most 
important  cities  of  the  State.  Its  |)opulation  is 
about  8.000,  and  has  a  very  excellent  reputation 
for  all  that  is  sujierior  in  Iiiiman  life. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  Willamette,  as  we 
proceed  southward,  are  quite  a  number  of  iin- 
jiortant  towns  not  ranking  with  the  chief  cities 
of  the  State.  Iiut  all  centers  of  a  large  local 
tiiide,  and  certain  of  a  continuous  if  not  a  large 
and  rajiid  growth.  Near  the  head  of  tlie  main 
valley,  about  125  miles  from  Portland,  we  cross 
the  river  to  the  western  side  and  are  in 

KUIiKNE. 

This  is  the  chief  town  and  county  seat  of  Lane 
County.- — one  of  tlie  largest,  most  diversified  and 
important  counties  of  the  State.  It  extends 
from  the  summit  of  the  Cascade  rantre  on  the 
cast,  clear  across  the  Willamette  valley  and 
Coast  Ilani^e  to  the  ocean,  and  includes  a  large 
area  of  the  finest  jjrain  and  fruit  and  grass  lan(i 
on  the  coa»t.  For  variety  of  productions,  for 
cver-ciianging  eccnery,  for  clearness  and  abund- 


ance of  streams,  it  is  doubted  if  any  county 
of  the  Northwest  can  equal  Lane.  It  has 
mountains  and  valleys,  hills  and  jilains,  prai- 
ries and  woodlands,  everything  to  charm  the 
eye,  or  furnish  the  aliment  on  which  tbe 
('lesars  of  a  growing  civilization  need  to  feed. 
Snugly  embowered  in  the  tir  and  oak  foliage 
that  fringe  the  easternmost  point  of  "(trand 
Prairie,"' just  where  it  touches  the  river,  lies 
"  Eugene."  Around  it  on  the  east  f.iid  soutli 
swings  a  cordon  of  hills,  with  timbered  crests, 
swelling  upward  from  either  side,  until  they 
terminate  directly  south  of  the  city,  and  about 
four  miles  away,  in  "  Spencer's  i?utte,"  a  slun-p 
mountain  peak  that  rises  1,500  feet  ab"ve  the 
plain  on  which  the  city  stands.  In  appearaii.u  il 
is  the  •'  Lookout  mountain  "  of  Oregon,  and  the 
general  aspects  of  the  scene  always  remind  us 
of  the  older  "  Lookout  "  that  sentinels  Chat- 
tanooga, and  wo  feel  like  turning  our  ear  to  lin- 
ten  to  the  thunder  of  the  •'  battle  above  the 
clouds." 

Eugene  is  of  the  same  gradt'  of  cities  as 
Albany.  Much  that  was  said  of  that  place 
would  be  equally  well  said  of  this.  Perhaps, 
it  lies  farther  from  the  great  commercial  me- 
tropolis, it  has  a  more  distinct  business  and 
social  life  of  its  own  than  the  former  city.  Its 
business  blocks,  churches,  residences,  school- 
houses  are  about  the  same,  nor  do  their  popula- 
tions greatly  vary.  But  that  in  which  the  citi- 
zens of  Eugene  take  most  pride,  is  the  State 
University,  which  the  people  of  the  place  was 
enterprising  and  energetic  enough  to  secure. 
They  may  well  be  proud  of  it,  as  it  gives  tone 
and  (character  to  the  intellectual  life  of  their 
fine  and  growing  city.  The  buildings  of  the 
university  are  situated  on  a  gentle  hill,  fairly 
overlooking  the  city,  and  from  its  streets  present 
a  very  attractive  appearance.  The  addition  of 
its  corps  of  professors  and  teachers,  and  of  the 
three  '>r  four  hundred  young  people,  who  resort 
there  for  intellectual  training,  imparts  a  decid- 
edly intellectual  llavor  to  the  society  of  the 
place.     The  location   of  this  city  of  seven  or 


HfSTOHY   OF   oufcnoy. 


itm 


cij^lit   tlioiiniiinl   |iu()|ile,  iiuiir    llio   head    of    tlio  i   iliidivu  uuiiiitit*H  of  ( )roguii,  plud^eH  it    it    siii'U 
Willaiiiutte  viilli>y,  mid  in  oiio  of  tiio  inoMt  pro-   I   and  rapid  growth. 


-^^m^m^^ — 


CIIAlTKll  XXIX. 
DUEGON  IN  181t8,  (j(>NTINUED-C'ITlKS-TOWN8-(OUNTIE8.  ,       '    '■ 

COKVAI.MS  — It«  LoiATKiN — HkNTON    CoUNTY  —  A  I'l'KA  HAM  K  OK  TIIK  CiTV —  *  (ilUCUT.Tf  KAI.  CoM.KOK 

— Meaning  of  Name — Dalles— MoMiNNvii.t.K — Fokkst  Gko\  k  Hillshoro— Astokia  -His- 
•roKir  1'lack— Location  of  Cmv — I'opiilation  — Maoniucent  Scenekv — Tmk  Dallkh— 
Pendleton — La  Gkanke — Bakkk  Citv — Soitiikkn  Oueoon — RogKiiuito — Gkant's  I'abs — • 
AsnLAM) — Jaoksonvillk — CiiARACTERiHrrcs  OF  Names — Names  ok  Counties — Linn — Ben- 
ton— i'oLK  —  DoroLAH — Lane — Cukky  —  IIistokies  in  Names— Baker  Grant — Indian 
Names— Clackamas — Multnomah — Yam  Hill — Klamath  —  Umatilla — Wallowa — Mal- 
heur— Wasco — Ci-ATsor — Coos. 


hOVING  nortiiwai'd,  and  down  tiii>   VVil- 
lamettu  valley,  on  the  west  side,  the  first 
town    that    ranks    with    thoso    already 
named  in  importance  is 

COKVALI.IS 

in  iienton  county,  and  its  capital  town.  Lii«e 
all  thi>  others  yi't  mentioned,  this  city  is  situated 
on  the  Willainotte  river,  only  a  few  miles  ahove 
Albany.  Corvallis  lacked  something  of  the  ad- 
vaiituifes  of  the  cities  on  the  cast  side  of  the  river 
from  the  fact  that  it  did  not  lie  on  the  through 
line  of  tlic  Oregon  &  California  railroad, 
though  it  had  a  hranch  line  connecting  it  with 
I'ortlaml  on  the  west  side.  Still  this  isolation 
turned  aside  all  the  through  travel  and  strang- 
ers (lid  not  seo  the  real  heanty  and  attractiveness 
of  the  place.  This  is  the  fjoint  where  the  Ore' 
gon  Pacific  road  strikes  out  of  the  valley  west- 
ward through  the  Coast  Iliiige  toward  the  ocean. 
Still  it  has  no  through  connection,  and  hence  is 
yet  comparatively  isolated. 

Tin  county  of  which  this  is  tho  capital  is  not 
as  large  as  ijiin   or  Lane,  l)iit  lias  many   of  the 


characteristics  of  them  hoth.  The  Coast  Uange 
crowds  the  river  rather  more  closely  near  Cor- 
vallis  than  at  any  other  point,  but  the  foothills, 
as  they  gradually  swell  av  .ly  in  rounded  n])ward 
curves  toward  the  higher  range  heyond,  have 
many  features  of  ex(|uisite  grace  and  beauty  of 
their  own,  and  furnish  a  back  ground  of  allur- 
ing beauty  for  tho  scenic  setting  of  the  little 
city  before  them. 

Corvallis  is  a  repose.  It  is  quiet,  restful,  sat- 
isfied. Its  atmosphere  is  that  of  contentment. 
There  i-  little  to  stir  its  blood  in  the  fever  of 
struggle.  It  .-its  as  a  (jiieen  In  her  robe«  of 
state,  placidly  enjoying  the  homage  of  those  who 
pay  their  homage  at  her  feet.  Among  the  beau- 
tiful town-sites  of  Oregon  there  are  none  more 
simply  beautiful  than  this.  Its  streets  are  clean 
and  heavily  shaded  with  the  maple  of  the  Ore- 
gon woods,  one  of  the  most  cooling  and  subdu- 
ding  of  shades.  All  that  goes  to  make  up  a 
lovely  ensemble  in  a  city  of  3,000  or  i,000  peo- 
ple is  found  and  seen  here.  And  then  Corvallis, 
like  Eugene,  has  an  institution  in  which  it  takes 
rightful  delight,  in  the  State  Agricultumi  Col- 


238 


UISroHY    OF    OltfSOON. 


;ll     if 


yik 

i 

lege.  Reference  to  it  eUewlitn-e  precludeB  the 
necessity  of  speaking  of  it  iiere  t'urtiier  than 
that  it  is  the  special  pride  ami  oriuwneut  ofCor- 
valHs.  In  many  respects  this  city  is  worthy  of 
tlie  name  it  bears,  which,  though  it  may  smack 
somewhat  of  classic  pedantry,  is,  in  its  meaning 
— heart,  of  tiie  valley — not  altogetiier  inap- 
propriate to  tile  place  which  it  distingnislies. 

(^iir  journey  is  still  northward  down  tlie  val- 
ley, and  it  is  not  long  iintil  we  pass  out  of  Ben- 
ton and  into  Polk  county.     Of  this  county 

OALLEB 

is  the  county  town,  though  for  8iz6  and  business 
Independence  is  a  close  second,  if  it  is  not  first. 
Dalles  is  the  older,  and  heing  the  capital  of  the 
county  ever  since  its  organization  is  entitled  to 
the  special  notice  of  this  page.  Its  location  is 
twelve  miles  westward  from  Salem,  the  capital 
of  the  State,  and  several  miles  distant  froin  the 
Willamette  river.  It  lies  cktse  u])  to  the  Coast 
liange  of  mountains, which  gives  it  a  iiniqueness 
among  the  Oregon  cities  tiiat  is  not  unpleasing. 
Its  population  reaches  about  that  of  Corvallis, 
though  its  business  is  hardly  as  extensive.  Its 
resources  are  more  within  itaelf  than  are  those 
of  the  other  places  we  have  named  ■is  it  lias  no 
public  institutions  to  give  it  prominence  or  pat- 
ronage. But  as  the  capital  of  one  of  the  best 
and  most  beautiful  counties  of  the  State  it  is 
worthy  of  this  special  notice. 

Mc  miNnvii.le. 

The  city  of  McMinnville  is  the  chief  town  of 
Yam  Hill  c  ;mty,  one  of  the  specially  favored 
agricultural  ctuntiesof  the  State.  It  is  in  the 
midst  of  a  rollii  g  country,  hardly  hilly  and  yet 
not  level,  through  which  winds  tl)^'  Yam  Hill 
river,  the  largest  tributary  of  the  WilUmette 
on  the  west  side,  about  midway  between  the 
Willamette  and  the  foothills  of  the  ('oast  Range. 
It  is  fifty  miles  from  Portland.  The  west  side 
branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  passes 
through  the  place. 


It  is  the  seat  of  the  McMinnville  College,  the 
chief  educational  institution  of  the  Baptist 
Church  in  the  State.  While  this  is  one  of  the 
smaller,  it  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  of  cities 
of  the  State,  both  in  the  beauty  of  its  situation 
and  scenery,  and  its  social  and  educational  ad- 
vantages. 

In  Washington  county,  lying  next  to  Yam 
Hill,  as  we  pass  down  the  valley,  there  are  two 
towns  with  about  equal  claims  to  special  notice. 
One  is 

POBEST       (}ROVE, 

the  seat  of  Pacific  University,  one  of  the  best 
known  schools  of  the  State,  and  that  has  a  very 
honorable  and  successful  record.  The  school 
has  built  the  little  city,  and  hence  it  has  many 
attractions  in  its  society,  a»  well  as  in  its  beau- 
tiful situation.     The  othCi  town  is 

HILIi8B0P0, 

the  county  seat  and  a  bright  attractive,  and  de- 
sirable place  of  residence.  It  lies  but  about 
sixteen  miles  from  Portland,  in  the  midst  of 
one  of  the  earliest  settled  portions  of  Oregon, 
known  in  pioneer  times  as  "  Tualatin  Plains." 
While  neither  of  these  towns  ranks  among  the 
specially  favored  business  locations  of  the  Staie, 
they  are  rural  and  homelike,  and  are  so  contign- 
ons  to  the  commercial  metropolis  as  to  render 
them  very  desirable  for  quiet  and  retired 
homes. 

On  the  Columbia  river  west  of  the  Cascade 
mountains  there  is  but  one  place  in  Oregon  that 
belongs  to  the  list  of  places  we  are  considering, 
namely, 

ASTOKIA. 

Tills,  our  readers  know,  is  pre-eminently  the 
historic  place,  of  the  whole  Northwest,  hong 
Agi)  Astor's  great  mercantile  enterprise  and 
Irving's  immortal  genius  canonized  Astoria  on 
the  records  of  romance.  Its  location  is  about 
irBteen  miles  within  the  bar  of  the  Columbia. 
From  Tongue  Point,  a  few  miles  above  the  city 


niSTOlir    OF    OttEGON. 


287 


the  river  forms  a  bay,  from  five  to  ten  miles  in 
width,  teriiiiuHtiiig  on  tiie  west,  where  Cape 
Disiripointment  on  *hc  north  ami  Cape  Adams 
on  the  soiitli  guard  the  entrance  of  the  migiity 
river.  Tiie  city  stands  on  the  foot  of  a  hi<i;li 
and  abrupt  liill,  whicii  rapidly  swells  up  into 
mountains  on  tiie  sontli  and  east,  and  looks  di- 
rectly down  toward  the  month  of  th j  river  and 
the  open  Pacific.  Not  a  small  part  of  it  is  built 
on  pieis  and  piles,  extending  out  over  the  tide 
flats  and  the  margin  of  the  buy.  As  all  the 
seagoing  vessels  that  visit  Portland  enter  the 
month  of  the  Columbia,  the  city  has  tlie  ap- 
pearance of  a  great  commercial  seaport.  Un- 
fortunately the  city  has  no  railroad  onnec- 
tion,  but  a  road  has  been  projected,  and  much 
of  it  graded,  and  when  this  is  completed  it  will 
add  very  greatly  to  the  importance  of  the  place. 
It  has  a  population  of  about  10,000,  and  is  the 
third  largest  city  of  the  State.  It  is  the  center 
of  the  great  Columbia  river.  Salmon  trade, 
one  of  the  most  important  commercial  interests 
of  the  State.  The  scenery  of  Astoria  is  grand 
beyond  description.  The  mighty  river  spread- 
ing almost  like  a  sea  before  it,  the  vast  tim- 
bered ranges  that  limit  the  distant  vision,  tlie 
capes  that  sentinel  the  river's  exit  to  the  ocean, 
— all  combine  to  make  a  whole  of  unutterable 
magnificence.  Astoria  in  her  present  pros- 
perity and  power,  and  certainly  in  lier  future 
promise  and  prospect,  is  worthy  of  her  old  ro- 
mantic history. 

Ascending  the  Columbia  we  go  a  full  200 
miles,  passing  the  whole  width  of  the  ("oast 
Range,  the  Willamette  valley  and  the  Cascade 
range,  before  we  reach  a  city  in  Oregon  that 
takes  rank  among  coinmorcial  centers,  although 
we  pass  within  six  niilc-^  of  Portland.  We  are 
then  in  the  "  Inland  Empire"   and  at      .         , 

TlIK    n.VM.KS.  , 

If  the  Dalles  were  called  Phamix  the  name 
would  be  signiiicant.  Once  and  again  and  again 
the  devouring  fires-  iiave  swept  her  to  the 
ground,  hut  again  and  again  and  again  she  has 

16 


risen  from  her  ashes  into  greater  strength  and 
beauty  than  before.  The  Dalles  is  romantic- 
ally  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  (Columbia, 
and  rises  backward  from  the  river  up  several 
terraces  of  basaltic  hillside,  toward  the  south. 
It  has  many  fine  residences  and  large  blocks  of 
tine  business  houses.  Its  situation  controls  the 
trade  of  a  vast  country  stretching  to  the  south 
and  east,  and  makes  it  a  jdace  of  large  business. 
The  population  of  the  city  is  about  5,000,  and 
they  are  an  intelligent,  energetic,  and  prosper- 
ous people. 

In  eastern  Oregon  on  the  Umatilla  river, 
nestling  close  to  the  foot  of  the  IJlue  mount- 
ains is 

PKNDI.ETON, 

a  city  of  5,000  people,  and  the  county  seat  of 
Umatilla  county.  In  business,  in  social  charac- 
ter, and  in  all  those  elements  that  go  to  make 
an  inland  city,  Pendleton  is  like  the  others  in 
the  State  of  the  same  grade.  Its  location  is 
central  of  a  very  large  agricultural  and  grazing 
region.  Its  growth,  maiivly,  has  been  in  the 
last  few  yi^ars,  but  it  has  many  fine  public 
buildings,  and  very  tasteful  residences.  Nature, 
as  well  as  the  enterprise  of  its  people,  assure  its 
j  place  as  the  largest  city  in  Oregon  between  the 
Blue  mountains  and  the  Cascades.  It  is  to 
the  eastern  side  of  the  great  valley  between 
these  ranges  what  tiie  Dalles  is  to  the  western, 
and  these  two  can  have  no  future  rivals. 

Crossing  the  Blue  mountains  on  the  line  of 
the  Union  Pacific  railroad,  a  distance  of  fifty 
miles,  we  reach  (Jrande   Uonde  valley  and  are  at 

LA    (iRANOE.  ■      -. 

We  have  elsewhere  spoken  of  the  beanty  and 
excellence  of  this  valley,  and  need  not  repeat 
our  stateinentB  here.  The  city  is  beautifully 
located  just  after  entering  the  valley,  and  almost 
from  the  ends  of  its  avenues  the  piuy  slopes  of 
the  Blu(^  mountains  spring  away  toward  their 
blue  pinnacles.  The  jiluce  is  a  railroad  center, 
being  where  a  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  leaves 


sir    'i 

1*1     >! 


1 1  r 

ii  ^'  f 


|ij 


n 


838 


II f STORY    OF    OHEOON. 


till'  main  line  for  tlie  northward  toward  Snake 
river.  In  a  few  years  the  business  and  popu- 
lation of  La  Grande  have  greatly  increased.  It 
lias  reai;lied  a  population  of  liftween  tivt  :md  six 
thousand  and  gives  fair  tiroiniso  of  being  the 
largest  city  of  eastern  Orefjon.  Its  local  trade 
in  irraiii  and  stock  and  luinher  is  verv  larae  f.iid 
constantly  increasing.  It  is  a  beautiful  and 
ovosperous  city. 

Fifty  miles  still  eastward  on  the  railroad  line 
brings  us  to 

IIAKKK   crTY, 

the  capital  of  Baker  county,  which  is  also  a 
place  of  five  or  six  thousand  inhabitants.  This 
is  the  center  of  the  largest  inining  interests  of 
eastern  Oregon.  Indeed,  whilt>  Baker  county 
has  considerable  agricultural  and  jiastoral  in- 
terests, its  placer  and  quartz  mines  have  always 
lieen  its  pride  and  boast.  Undoubtedly  many 
of  the  richest  luining  properties  of  the  coast  are 
in  this  county,  and  l?aker  (^Ityis  the  center  of 
their  trade.  This  has  made  it  what  was  con- 
sidered the  best  business  point  in  eastern 
Oregon. 

The  city  is  on  a  level  plain,  on  both  sides  of 
Powder  river,  and  very  near  the  upper  end  of 
the  Powder  river  valley.  Kear  by  are  the 
mountains,  within  whose  rock  ribs  the  precious 
ores  are  hid.  It  is  a  well-built,  prosperous, 
and  energetic  city. 

The  character  of  the  country  is  such  in 
southern  Oregon  as  to  preclude  the  building  of 
many  large  cities,  certainly  until  its  great  fruit 
cpj>abilitie8  are  more  extensively  developed. 
Still  it  has  a  few  places  that  are  crowding  for- 
ward toward  the  rank  of  those  we  had  named  in 
this  chapter.  Koseburg,  the  county  seat  of 
Douglas  county,  is  a  beautiful  and  thriving 
town,  located  on  the  ['^mpqua  river  among  oak 
and  fir  covered  hills.  It  is  two  hundred  miles 
south  of  Portland,  on  the  line  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  railroad  Still  farther  south  is  (liant's 
Pass,  and  there  in  the  Rogue  river  valley  Ash- 
land and  Jacksonville,  all  of  which  rank  well  in 
the  large  class  of  places   that  rank  just  below 


the  chief  centers  that  we  have  named.  Towns 
of  this  rank  can  be  counted  by  the  hundred  in 
every  part  of  the  State,  but  our  limits  forbid 
even  a  catalogue  of  them.  In  closing  the 
chapter  it  may  be  truthfully  said  of  the  cities 
and  towns  of  Oregon  that  for  the  intelligence  of 
their  people,  the  range  of  their  business,  the 
excellence  of  their  institutions  of  learning,  and 
the  niimlier  of  their  benevolent  aasociations  and 
churches,  they  are  the  equal  of  those  of  any 
other  State  of  the  Union. 

The  observant  reader  has  discovered  a  history 
in  the  names  of  the  cities,  and  especially  of  the 
counties  of  which  we  have  written  in  this  chap- 
ter. The  cities  have  largely  personal  and  local 
names.  Some  of  them  were  given  to  honor, 
either  the  founders  of  the  towns,  or  some  promi- 
nent pioneer  whose  virtues  or  fame  his  admir- 
ers desired  to  monument  in  this  way.  Some 
of  them  were  given  to  celeebrate  the  former 
home  of  the  men  who,  chanced  to  have  the  privi- 
lege of  conferring  the  name.  Of  the  foriner 
class  is  Roseburg.  from  its  founder,  Mr.  John 
Rose;  Eugene,  from  its  founder,  Mr.  Eugene 
Skinner.  Of  the  latter  is  Salem,  Albany,  Salem, 
Portland,  those  who  named  them  chancing  to 
have  come  from  Albany,  New  York,  Salem, 
Massachussetts,  or  Portland,  Maine. 

In  the  names  of  the  counties  there  is  a  politi- 
cal and  patriotic  history  and  an  aboriginal  one 
as  well.  Among  the  older  counties  are  "  Linn  " 
and  "  PentoM  '"  and  •'  Polk  "  and  "  Douglas  "' 
and  "  Lane  "  and  "  Curry.  "  These  names  are 
redolent  of  the  times  when  the  "  Oregon  ques- 
rion  "  stirred  the  purpose  and  tired  the  heart 
of  the  entire  nation:  Linn,  th^i  sweet  and  pure 
and  manly  senator  from  Missouri,  who  led  the 
Senate  in  patriotic  vindication  of  the  claim  of 
the  United  States  to  Oregon,  and  is  the  advo- 
cacy of  measures  justice  and  encouragement,  to 
the  hardy  pioneers  of  this,  then  isolated  region. 
Linn  county  is  his  monument  in  Oregon;  and 
"Denton,"  the  stalwart,  indomitable,  lofty 
Benton,  whose  comprehension  of  the  great 
"question,"  and  whoso  priSvision  of  the  coming 
greatness  of   Oregon,  were   complete  and   pro- 


HlSrOK)'    OF    OHEOON. 


3,11 


photic.  Benton  county  is  tliu  proof  that  Ore- 
gon will  never  forget  him.  And  how  the 
"  Fifty- four  Forty  or  Fight '' rings  out  again 
in  Folk,  when  this  wur-cry  consigned  the  incoui- 
parable  "  ]I;.i  ry,  of  the  West "  to  the  retire- 
ments of  Ashland,  and  put  James  '»!.  I'oI'k 
in  the  presidential  chair.  And  •'  Douglas," 
erst  and  long  the  political  idol  of  half  a  nation; 
brilliant,  aggressive,  one  of  Oregon's  early  and 
Btaiichest  friends.  A.wd  '-Jackson" — there 
has  heen  but  one — vviiose  tiaine  was  early  given 
to  a  ti/unty  an  rugged  and  yet  as  true  as  was 
his  nature.  Then  "  Lane  "  repeats  the  story  of 
the  regard  Oregon  once  bore  for  the  man  whose 
name  alio  gave  to  one  of  her  most  beautiful  and 
populu'.  regions.  So  "Curry"  celebrates  a 
character  of  no  mean  lepute  through  a  long  and 
important  era  of  Oregon's  Territorial  history, — a 
mai  .  who  as  secretary  and  governor,  won  the  re- 
gards (if  his  party  and  of  the  State  in  no  ordin- 
ary degree.  These  were  all  Democratic  heroes, 
and  these  names  were  given  when  that  party 
nilel  the  hour  in  Oregon. 

Then  came  another  hour,  and  names  of  an- 
otl",er  gala.\_y  rose  above  the  horizon.  "  Haker,  " 
the  patriotic  citizen,  the  peerless  orator  and 
bravo  soldier,  the  martyr  to  liberty,  is  in  our 
thought,  and  Ball's  lilutf  throbs  again  with  the 
sheeted  tire  that  laid  him  low;  and  "  Union," 
the  wrench  and  tug,  of  war  to  break  the  bonds 
that  held  our  States  into  a  united  nationality  and 
felt  again  pulling  at  our  heartstrings.  Then  Ore 
gon's  voice  was  for  "  Union.  "  And  though  last 
named,  far  from  being  the  last  either  in  the  love 
which  it  testifies  or  the  greatness  it  enshrines, 
"  Grant," — Donelson  and  Vickshurg  and  Chatta- 
nooga and  Fetersburgand  Appomattox  are  wrap, 
ped  up  in  that  monosyllalile;  and  that  is  why  the 
name  lies  upon  this  county  of  rugged  and  storied 
grandeur.  These  are  all  great  names,  and  they 
have  in  them  a  history  that  will  grow  fresher 
as  the  ages  grow  older  over  the  "  rocks  and 
rills,  the  woods  and  templed  hills"   of  Oregon. 

Another  class  of  nomenclature  is  where  the 
Indian  names  of  localities  or  tribes  are  re- 
tained   and    now  designate  cou?ities    or  towns. 


There  are  not  many  of  them,  not  as  many  as 
we  could  wish.  In  the  Willamette  valley  there 
are  but  two  counties,  Clackamas  and  Multnomah, 
that  bear  unilisputed  Indian  names.  These  both 
designated  Indian  tribes  formerly  residing  there 
and  also  water-courses.  The  first  was  and  is  the 
name  of  a  very  beautiful  little  river  that  rises  in 
Mount  Jefferson,  une  of  the  great  snowy  peaks 
of  the  Cascade  range,  and  after  a  flow  of  over 
a  hundred  miles,  through  a  mountain  gorge  of 
great  wildness  and  yet  of  great  beauty  enters 
the  Willamette  about  ten  miles  above  the  city 
of  Portland.  Near  its  mouth  lived  the  (Jlacka- 
mas  tribe  of  Indians;  in  1834:  to  '40  a  numer- 
ous tribe,  but  of  which  now  not  one  remains 
upon  its  waters.  In  the  name  of  "  Clackamas  " 
county  their  memory  is  perpetuated. 

"  Multnomah  "  was  the  Indian  designation  of 
that  point  of  the  Willamette  river  that  flows 
west  of  the  old  Wapatoo,  now  Sauviera  island, 
which  is  just  at  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette, 
having  that  river  on  the  east  for  about  four 
miles,  the  Columbia  on  the  north  for  fifteen 
miles  and  the  "  Multnomah  ''  on  the  west  for 
eighteen  miles.  It  is  a  deep,  U'lvigable  chan- 
nel, 200  or  300  feet  wide.  Along  this  stream, 
on  both  sides,  resided  the  "  Multnomahs,"  and 
they  gave  name  to  Multnomah  county,  in  which 
is  situated  the  chief  city  of  the  Northwest. 

Whether  "  Yam  Hill  "  is  an  Indian  name 
purely  or  not,  seems  to  be  a  matter  of  doubt. 
If  it  is  what  was  its  specific  application  is  so 
much  a  myth  as  to  be  very  uncertain.  Tiie 
word  names  oiie  of  the  finest  counties  of  the 
State. 

In  southern  Oregon  there  is  one  county,  Ump- 
qua,  whose  name  is  distinctly  and  clearly  Indian, 
and  formerly  designated  both  a  river  and  a  tribe. 
The  Umpqua  river  is  a  bold,  rollicking  niount- 
ain  torrent,  flowing  from  the  weatorn  slopes  of 
the  Cascade  range  through  a  region  singularly 
and  beautifully  diversified  with  hills  and  val- 
leys and  mountain  ranges,  directly  to  the  sea. 
On  it  resided  the  "Umpqnas,"  their  habitats 
extending  from  its  mouth  to  its  source, 

Klamath  county  l)ears  the  name  of  what  was 


240 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


h  i 


formerly  a  large  and  tierce  ami  trenchert/us 
tribe,  iiiliai)itii)g  about  tlie  lake  of  tliat  name 
in  sontlieastern  Oregon.  In  the  Indian  ma- 
rauds and  murders  of  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
eeiitnry  the  name  of  a  Klamath  came  to  be  a 
»yiionyiii  of  what  wan  to  be  inoet  hated  and 
dreaded  in  Indian  character,  and  in  the  name 
as  applied  to  the  county  that  bears  it  this*  red 
and  bloody  history  it*  perpetual. 

In  the  northern  part  of  eastern  Oregon  ie 
Umatilla  tMuiity.  This  is  the  Indian  name  of 
a  small  river  that  rises  in  the  Hiue  mountains 
and  flowing  westerly  ior  nearlj'  a  hundred  n)iles 
through  one  of  the  most  charming  regions  of 
the  State,  enters  the  Columbia  al)out  thirty 
miles  below  old  Fort  Walla  W.illa,  at  tlie  mouth 
of  the  Walla  Walla  river.  There  was  no  In- 
dian tribe  of  that  name,  though,  in  a  general 
way,  the  Indians  residing  upon  tiiat  stream 
came  to  be  called  Umatillas  by  the  whites,  to 
designate  their  locality.  This  was  the  country 
of  the  •'  Cayuses,"  whose  favorite  residence  was 
on  this  stream,  near  where  the  city  of  Pendleton 
is  now  situated.  The  rhythm  of  the  name  is  em- 
ulated in  the  beauty  of  the  county  that  bears  it, 
which  is  in  many  parts  a  poem  written  in 
roniiue.l  hills  and  sparkling  waters,  overbent  by 
the  bluest  and  deepest  skies. 

Wallowa  county  is  called  after  the  Indian 
name  of  one  of  the  most  beautiful  valleys  em- 
bowered within  the  green  embraces  of  the  Blue 
mountains.  It  was  the  home  of  Joseph,  the 
wonderful  .Vez  I'erces  chieftain,  a  purl  of  whose 
story  is  told  in  our  chapters  on  Indian  wars. 
The  name  is  as  musical  as  the  soft  rippling  of 
the  beautiful  stream  that  sings  down  the  center 
of  the  forty  miles  of  jeweled  loveliness  called 
"  Wallowa  valley." 

Malheur  county,  the  easternmost  county  of 
the  State,  has  not  an  Indian,  but  a  French 
name.  Exactly  when  or  by  whom  the  stream 
from  which  the  county  is  named  received  its 
appellation  is  probably  not  now  known.  It 
signifies  "unfortunate,"  or  »'uiducky,''  and  was 
probably  named  by  some  party  of  Frciicii  Ca- 
uadian  voyageurs,  who   experienced  some    un- 


toward accident  at  its  month  on  Snake  river. 
The  clioice  that  gave  the  county  this  name, 
while  locally  appropriate  enough,  was  not 
a'Sthetieally  fortunate,  as  some  8uperstitio\is 
people  might  feel  that  the  misfortunes  that 
gave  the  stream  its  name  would  cling  as  well  to 
the  county  that  inherited  it. 

Wasco  county,  lying  along  the  eastern  base 
of  the  Casca<le  mo\i:itains,  south  of  "  La  Dalles," 
of  the  old  voyageurs,  was  named  from  a  local 
hand  of  the  fiercest  freelxioters  of  the  Columbia. 
They  resided  alwnt  the  mouth  of  the  little 
stream  calieil  Mill  creek,  one  of  a  hundred  Mill 
creeks  in  Oregon.  Their  village  on  this  stream, 
about  a  mile  above  its  month,  was  called  •'  Ka- 
clas-co,"  and  about  ten  miles  up  the  Columbia, 
at  '-La  Dalles''  proper,  were  the  villages  of 
"Tekin"  and  "Wiam."  Wasco,  though  a 
pleasant  name,  and  without  any  sinister  signifi- 
cance, seems  to  have  been  a  corruption  or  con- 
traction of  some  former  Indian  name,  and  to 
have  had  a  comparatively  local  application. 

C'atsop  county,  immediately  south  of  the 
Columbia  river,  bears  an  Indian  name,  about 
which  there  can  be  no  dispute.  Lev/is  and 
Clarke  spent  the  winter  of  1805-'()6  among  the 
"  Clatsops,"  a  few  miles  south  of  where  Astoria 
now  is.  From  time  beyond  civilized  record  the 
name  has  distinguished  lx)tli  a  locality  and  a 
people,  and  it  will,  with  eminent  propriety,  carry 
down  the  history  of  a  once  strong  tribe  of  the 
aboriginal  people  of  this  coast,  to  the  latest 
generations. 

Coos  county  had  its  name  from  the  Indians 
that  inhabited  it  on  the  bay  of  that  name,  if 
indeed  the  Indians  did  not  take  their  name 
from  the  bay.  It  lies  in  the  southwestern  cor- 
ner of  the  State,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific. 

In  the  names  of  these  counties  and  places  we 
trace  significant  intimations  of  history,  as  well 
as  political  and  social  predilections,  reminding 
us  that  as  the  ancient  peoples  of  the  older 
world  left  the  mouuments  of  their  existence 
and  changes  on  river  and  mountain,  on  altar 
and  battle-field,  so  these  people,  now  decayed 
and  soon  to  be  gone  hence,  left  the  monuments 


(!^.     :^  (^^c^^urJ. 


HISTORY    OF    OHEOON. 


241 


of  theirs  on  tlie  streams  and   hills,  and  even  on 
the  political  divisions  of  Oregon.   ,.       ," 

fUDGE  ElUSMUS  D.  SIIATTUCK,  one 
of  New  England's  most  honored  sons,  who, 
by  personal  effort  has  arisen  to  prominence 
and  distinction  in  his  adopted  State,  was  born 
in  BakersHeld,  Franklin  county,  Vermont,  JJe- 
cember  31, 1824.  Ilis  ancestry  emigrated  from 
l}elji;ium  to  New  England  early  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  locating  at  Pepperell,  Massachusetts, 
whence  the  different  branches  of  the  family 
diverged.  Uncle  Nathaniel  Sliattuck  was  a 
classmate  of  Daniel  Webster,  and  was  a  distin- 
guished mathematician,  and,  later,  was  a  compe- 
tent lawyer  and  reliable  adviser  of  New  Ilamp- 
ehire.  Oliver  Sliattuck,  father  of  our  subject, 
and  his  worthy  wife,  Sally  (Start)  Shattuck, 
located  in  Vermont,  where  his  father  followed 
an  agricultural  life,  and  also  was  Justice  of  the 
Peace  ami  Judge,  in  which  capacity  he  settled 
the  grievances  and  estalilished  principles  of  order 
and  justice  throughout  the  community. 

It  was  amidst  these  surroundings  that  our 
subjecit  passed  his  boyhood,  pursuing  his  pre- 
paratory course  of  study  at  the  common  school 
and  ISakerstield  Academy.  In  1844  he  entered 
Vermont  University,  at  Burlington,  pursuing 
the  full  classical  course,  and  graduating  in  1848. 
While  in  college,  he  was  dependent  on  his  own 
resources  for  means  to  pursue  his  studies,  and 
during  his  vacations  and  also  during  some  of 
the  school  session,  he  taught  school,  having 
either  private  classes  in  the  village,  or  teaching 
in  the  country.  Notwithstanding  these  addi- 
tional duties,  he  completed  his  college  course  in 
the  prescribed  time,  and  graduated  as  third  in 
his  class.  He  was  then  employed  tor  a  year  as 
teacher  of  Latin  and  mathematics  in  Hakersfield 
Academy.  In  1849  he  obtained  a  situation  in 
Georgia  in  the  Newman  Seminary,  located  about 
twenty-five  miles  from  Atlanta,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  was  likewise  engaged  at  Laurel,  Mary- 
land. He  devoted  all  his  leisure  hours  to  the 
study  of  law,  and  on  his  return  to  the  North,  in 
1851,  he  entered  the  law  ortie«  of  I'armelee  & 
Fitch,  of  Malone,  New  York.  In  the  spring  of 
1852  he  went  to  New  York  city,  where  he  en- 
tered the  oBice  of  Abner  Benedict,  where  he 
continued  his  preparatory  atudies,  and  was 
finally  adnntted  to  the  bar  in  October  of  the 
same  year. 


While  looking  about  for  a  place  of  settlement, 
lie  decided  upon  Oregon,  which  was,  Ht  that 
time,  almost  unknown.  Desiring  congenial 
companionship  in  the  new  country,  he  was  mar- 
ried, in   Fletcher,   Vermont,  on  December  27, 

1852,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Armstrong.     Together 
they    embarked    from    New   York,  January  5, 

1853,  via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  arrived 
at  Portland,  which  was  a  small  settlement  in  the 
woods,  on  the  fifteenth  of  February.  They  then 
proceeded  to  Oregon  City  on  a  little  river 
steamer,  paying  $3  each  for  fare,  and  $1  for 
each  trunk.  Air.  Shattuck  was  principally  en- 
gaged during  the  next  four  years  in  teaching  in 
Oregon  City,  and  also  as  Professor  of  Ancient 
languages  in  the  Pacific  University  at  I'\)rest 
Grove.  In  1855  he  was  elected  Supei'inteiident 
of  Schools  in  Washington  county,  and  in  1856, 
was  made  Probate  Judge  of  the  same  coiiiuy 
In  1857  he  was  elected  delegate  from  Washing- 
ton county  to  the  Constitutional  C^mvcntion, 
taking  an  active  part  in  framing  the  constiti 
tion  of  the  State.  In  the  fall  of  1857  he  re- 
moved to  Portland,  where  he  formed  a  p^irtner- 
ship  with  David  Logan,  a  brilliant  lawyer  and 
pioneer  of  1850,  commencing  here  the  active 
practice  of  law.  The  J  udge  entered  earnestly 
into  the  duties  of  his  profession,  and  was  very 
successful,  soon  acquiring  a  high  reputation  for 
legal  ai»ility  and  eloquence  in  debate.  As  a 
resultof  his  increasing  popularity,  he  was  elected, 
in  1858,  to  represent  Multnomah  and  Washing- 
ington  counties  at  the  Hual  session  of  the  Ore- 
gon Territorial  Legislature.  After  this,  his 
fame  was  established,  and  services  were  in  con- 
tinual deniand  by  his  county  and  his  State.  In 
18(51  he  was  appointed  United  States  District 
Attorney,  and,  in  1862,  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  and  Circuit  Courts  for  the  Fourth 
Judicial  District.  The  latter  office  he  held  un- 
til November,  1867,  when  he  resigned.  In 
1874  he  was  again  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
and  Circuit  Courts,  and  served  until  the  re- 
organization of  the  State  Judiciary  by  the  Legis 
lative  Act  of  1878.  In  1886,  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  for  Department  No. 
1,  in  the  Fourth  District,  a  position  he  still 
acceptably  fills.  Besides  these  offices,  Judge 
Shattuck  has  served,  at  different  times,  in  vari- 
ous minor  capacsities,  doing  able  work  in  all. 
He  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  Portland 
City  Council,  doing  much  to  advance  the  wel- 
fare of  the  city.  He  was  for  some  time  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board   of   Directors  of    the  Portland 


b  r 


949 


HISTORY    OF    OHEOON. 


!  t 


School  District,  his  exteiulod  mid  viiiied  experi- 
ence in  thiit  line,  amply  titling  jiini  to  serve  the 
best  intfrt'stis  of  the  conininnity.  Beinir  a  man 
ul'  I'llucation,  we  naturally  tind  him  as  one  of 
the  fonnders  and  trustees  of  the  Portland  Li- 
hrary,  which  has  many  thousand  valnahle  and 
some  rare  hooks,  on  all  snl)jects  of  possible 
interest  to  any  i>ne  of  its  many  sniisci'ihers. 

Owiii^  to  failing  health,  in  1881,  .1  udge  Sliat- 
tuck  took  a  brief  respite  from  the  arduous  duties 
of  his  profession,  seeking  in  rural  life  a  rest 
from  so  many  years  of  continuous  activity.  lie 
purchased  a  farm  of  i3()0  acres  near  the  metrop- 
olis, reclaimino;  KlO  acres  from  the  primeval 
forest,  for  which  this  State  is  so  t'ainoue,  all  of 
which  he  has  brought  to  a  high  state  of  cultiva- 
tion. He  has  since  sold  a  large  i)art  of  this 
property,  hut  still  retains  a  country  home,  to 
whose  welcome  retreat  he  frequently  withdraws 
to  tind  that  rela.xation  from  mental  ])nrsuits,  so 
necessary  to  all  thus  engaged,  if  a  long  life  is 
expected,  or  eminently  satisfactory  work  desired. 

J  udge  and  Mrs.  Sliattuck  have  four  intelligent 
and  clever  cluldren:  Ira,  Henry,  Lucy  and 
Dscar,  and  two  deceased. 

Politically,  the  Judge  was  originally  a  Whig, 
but,  upon  the  organization  of  the  Republican 
party,  became  an  ardent  advocate  of  its  prin- 
ciples, remaining  such  until  1872,  when  he 
favored  the  election  of  Greeley.  At  that  time 
he  rail  as  Elector  on  the  independent  ticket, 
since  when  he  has  been  independent  rather  than 
partisan,  acting    chiefly    with    the  Democratic 

In  the  distinctive  feature  of  his  life,  that  of 
public  service,  he  has  won  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  his  fellow-iuen,  always  subserving  the 
best  interests  of  the  communitv  to  the  extent 
of  his  ability.  As  a  studious  reader,  jirofound 
thinker  and  earnest,  losxical  talker,  lu!  is  dis- 
tinguislied.  His  mind  is  judicial  in  tone,  and 
the  harmony  between  mental  and  moral  forces 
is  complete.  Iti  civil  and  civil  life,  he  is  emi- 
nently esteemed  for  unswerving  fidelity  and  in- 
tegrity, and  for  supreme  justice  tempered  with 
beiievolenc'j.  No  man  has  contributed  more  to 
the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  the  high 
character  of  the  judicial  tribunals  than  he,  and 
no  one  has  done  more  to  advance  the  material 
and  moral  welfare  of  the  community  or  the 
State. 


tOlilM  .F.  LAMB,  one  of  the  most  energetic 
young  business  men  of  Baker  City,  Oregon, 
was  born  in  I''ranklin  county,  Vermont, 
August  1,  1852.  His  father,  (4eorge  \V.  Lamb, 
was  a  native  of  the  same  county  and  State,  horn 
l''ehrua''y  2,  1815,  and  married  Sarah  K.  Dur- 
key  of  the  same  county,  horn  February  17, 
1817.  They  removed  to  Ohio  in  1858,  wlien 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  but  six  years  of 
age,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated,  lie 
later  engag;'(l  himself  to  learti  the  trade  of  car- 
penter, llis  father  was  occupied  in  farming, 
having  bought  land  in  Wood  county,  and  there 
his  parents  are  living  in  the  enjoyment  of  good 
health. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lamb  were  parents  of  four  chil- 
dren, as  follows:  G.  O.  and  C!.  E.,  who  have  ad- 
joining farms  near  Minneapolis;  Caroline  niar- 
ried  Jacob  Stalil  and  now  lives  near  her  parents 
in  Wood  county;  O.  11.  is  a  farmer  and  holds 
the  office  of  County  Commissioner  of  Wood 
county.  When  Lorin  was  but  twenty-one 
years  of  age  he  had  learned  his  trade  and 
worked  in  a  sash  and  door  manufactory  in  Min- 
neapolis, and  lived  there  until  1887,  when  he 
came  West  and  settleil  in  Baker  City. 

At  this  place  ^Ir.  Lamb  engaged  in  contract- 
ing and  building  and  has  erected  ^ome  of  the 
finest  residences  in  this  city,  the  one  at  the  head 
of  Court  street  for  Dr.  Dodson,  at  a  cost  of  $5,- 
000,  is  a  sample  of  his  taste  and  skill.  In  Au- 
gust, 1889,  the  Consolidated  Lumber  Company 
of  Baker  City  was  organized  with  a  capital  of 
$75,000,  having  as  otticers,  W.  P.  Crabill  as 
president,  and  the  subject  of  tliis  sketcli  as  one 
of  the  directors.  The  company  owns  a  large 
manufactory  for  all  kinds  of  work  in  wooii,  and 
have  planing  mills,  also  sawmills,  taking  their 
lumber  right  from  the  growing  tree  on  until  it 
is  converted  into  doors,  sash,  blinds  or  anything 
made  of  wood.  The  company  owns  a  large 
tract  of  timber  land.  Our  subject  is  able  to 
himself  carry  a  tree  from  the  forest  through 
every  stage  until  it  tills  its  place  in  a  house  or 
building  of  any  kind.  About  150  men  are  em- 
ployed all  of  the  time  at  a  cost  of  some  $400 
ter  day.  The  company  has  now  connected 
with  their  business  that  of  woven  wire  fencing. 
Mr.  Lamb  has  charge  of  the  manufacturing  de- 
pot of  the  mill  as  he  is  a  skilled  workman  and 
thoroughly  understaiuls  the  business  in  all  its 
branches. 

Mr.  Lamb  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  E. 
(Hack,    of    Minneapolis.    November   15,    1885. 


IIIHTOHY    OF    OHHOON. 


948 


She  WHS  born  in  Port  Huron,  Michigun,  August 
20,  18t)(i,  and  sliu  and  lier  husband  liave  one 
little  girl,  Myrtle  B..  Iwrn  in  Minneajjolis,  Oe- 
tol)er  19,  1886. 

At  the  ago  of  fourteen  Mr.  Luinb  wont  out 
into  the  world  alone,  without  means.  All  that 
he  posBcsses  he  has  earned  by  his  own  persever- 
ance and  application  to  business,  and  in  this 
way  lie  is  an  example  to  others  who  may  jjrow 
up  under  the  same  circumstances.  lie  has 
made  of  himself  an  important  factor  in  the 
business  circles  of  Baker  City,  owns  other  prop- 
erty outside  of  his  interest  in  the  mills,  has  a 
beautiful  city  residence  and  is  interested  in  some 
very  line  mitief.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republi- 
can; socially  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pyth- 
ias a'id  is  V.  C.  of  that  order.  As  an  item  of 
historical  interest  in  this  connection  we  may 
mention  that  one  of  the  members  of  the  body 
guard  of  General  Washinj;ton  was  the  great- 
grai;dfatlier  of  our  subject. 


>.>>.{..i^»< 


ti^ORRlN  H.  ANDREWS,  one  of  the  repre- 
'it  sentative  fanners  of  Clackamas  county,  re- 
^  siding  on  a  tine  farm  one  and  a  half  miles 
south  of  Oregon  City,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Ohio,  born  March  31,  1837.  Ilis  father,  John 
Andrews,  was  born  in  tiie  State  of  Connecticut 
in  the  year  of  1801,  his  ancestors  being  early 
settlers  of  New  Kngland.  His  father  married 
Miss  Charlotte  Moore,  a  native  of  Massachuetts, 
born  in  18(.)2.  Twelve  children  were  born  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andrews,  eleven  of  whom  were 
reared  to  maturity,  and  all  but  four  are  now  liv- 
ing. The  father  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  edu- 
cated in  the  Western  Reserve  (college  of  Ohio, 
and  became  a  Presbyterian  minister  and  spent 
his  entire  life  in  [ireaching  the  gospel  of  the  liv- 
ing God.  This  good  man  died  in  his  seventy- 
seventh  year  in  Iowa,  and  his  wife  passed  away 
when  eighty-four  years  of  age  in  Florida,  at  the 
home  of  one  of  lier  sons.  They  left  their  cliil- 
dren  the  heritage  of  a  good  name. 

Our  subject  was  the  ninth  of  the  family,  and 
was  educated  at  the  Hudson  College,  after  which 
he  took  a  business  course,  graduating  from  the 
Bryant  &  Stratton  Commercial  College  in  Chi- 
cago. Since  that  time  iiis  life  has  been  devoted 
chiefly  to  farming.  His  first  farm  of  eighty 
acres  was  located  in  Mason  county,  Illinois,  in 
addition  to  which  ho  had  town  property  and  a 
home  in  Mason  City.    From  that  latter  place  he 


removed  to  Iowa,  iti  18(iS,  and  |)ur('hased  320 
acres  in  (!ass  county  wiiicii  be  iiriprovod.  resid- 
ing on  it  for  eight  years,  during  wliicdi  time  lie 
made  of  it  a  valuable  farm.  Owing  to  failure 
of  health  he  was  obligad  to  seM  his  property  and 
come  to  Oregon,  making  the  trip  in  1877.  Af- 
ter his  arrival  his  first  iioine  was  at  Woodbnrn, 
Marion  county,  where  he  resided  fur  live  years, 
endeavoring  to  recover  his  health.  He  then 
came  to  Oregon  City  and  purchased  145  acres 
of  land,  which  forms  a  portion  of  liis  present 
holdings.  It  was  a  portion  of  the  old  Vance 
donation  claim.  Since  this  time  he  has  added 
to  his  possessions  until  he  owns  382  acres  at 
this  place,  220  acres  near  Oswego.  Ai  one  time 
he  owned  the  100  acre  tract  that  is  now  the  town 
of  Tremont,  and  he  still  owns  100  lots  in  the 
town  of  Lorrinton,  joining  the  town  of  Wood- 
stock,— all  suburban  towns  of  Portland. 

In  1805  he  was  married  to  Miss  Maitha  \i. 
Phinney,  a  native  of  Massachu;etts,  bom  in 
1840,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  M.  C.  i'hinney,  of 
Maine.  To  this  union  three  children  have  been 
added:  Charles  P.,  at  home;  Lyman  B.  and 
Henry  A.,  at  college  in  Corvallis.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Andrews  and  children  are  members  of  the 
Congregational  Church  at  Oregon  (.'ity,  in  which 
he  is  one  of  the  Deacons.      He  has  been  a   Re- 

fjublican  since  the  organization  of  the  party,  but 
las  not  been  a  politician,  as  he  has  never  sought 
or  desired  office.  lie  and  his  family  are  very 
highly  regarded  by  all  their  neighbors,  while  he 
is  esteemed  for  his  integrity  and  is  entirely  de- 
serving of  his  prosperity,  which  has  been  brought 
about  by  his  own  efforts. 


[DWARD  E.  CONhEY,  a  jjrominent  resi- 
dent of  Island  (3ity,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
Jefferson,  Illinois,  August  15,  1803,  and 
came  West  with  his  father  when  but  a  small  boy 
(see  sketch  of  A.  B.  Conley).  Our  subject  at- 
tended the  public  school  in  Kansas  during  the 
two  years  that  his  father  resided  in  that  State 
and  after  coming  to  Oregon  he  entered  the  As- 
cension school  at  the  little  town  of  Cove,  later 
becoming  a  pu|)il  at  La  Grande  University.  He 
remained  with  his  father  on  the  farm  until  after 
he  became  of  age,  but  in  1887  returned  to  Illi- 
nois to  pay  a  visit  to  his  relatives  for  the  first 
time  since  he  left  there  a  small  boy.  During 
this  time  he   became  acquainted  with  a  charm- 


244 


niSTOHY    OF    OKKnoN. 


Ill 


I   :  P 


11 


iiij;  vonni^  l»'lj'>  Mi"*  Koce  Smith,  to  wliom 
111'  WHS  luan'ifd  April  12,  18S8.  She  wa*  liorn 
ill  lllituiic,  Novt'iiihcr  5,  IStlO,  u  ihiii^'hter  of 
WiUiiiiii  11.  i'.iiii  Dicey  Jane  (Arnold)  Smith. 
Mr.  Smith  was  born  in  Illinois  in  llSiiiJ.  His 
wife  was  born,  Ft'bniary  X.  18ii3,  anil  tlu'  latter 
died,  An^\i8t  IS,  1H8(\  luavinj;  a  fiiinily  of  six 
childrt'M,  Mrs.  (\)nli'y  boiny  the  seeond  eliild. 
Two  of  her  lirothers  are  now  in  Orefjon.  The 
namei*  of  the  Smith  children  are  as  fcdlows;  lien; 
Rose,  I'rior,  Lee,  (Iiirren,  Joliiiey,  an<l  Eva, 
wife  of  Uidiert  Katliiiifr. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  third  child  of 
A.J'),  and  .losiea  Conley.  He  now  owns  450 
acres,  100  of  wliicli  is  in  small  grain,  besides  a 
stock  of  seventy-five  head  of  horses,  amon;^ 
which  are  some  very  tine  imjiorted  Clydesdale 
horses.  He  also  has  some  fine  Durham  cattle. 
Jlr.  ('onley  is  a  very  fine  bnsiness  man,  although 
he  has  been  considerably  assisted  by  his  kind 
father.  Mr.  Conley,  Sr..  was  confident  of  his 
ability  to  manafje  his  own  affairs  before  he  en- 
trusted him  with  so  large  an  amount  of  property. 
The  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conley  has  re- 
sulted in  the  birth  of  his  two  little  boys:  Will- 
iam Tiich  Conley.  liorn  .lannary  25,  188t(;  and 
liurl  Lee,  born  October  24,  1890.  Mr.  Conley 
has  serv<-d  us  Director  <if  his  school  district  tor 
the  past  two  years.  In  jiolitics  he  is  a  Repub- 
lican and  is  in  a  fair  way  to  become  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  his  county. 

--^^m^m^ — 

JSAAC  SELL1N'(t.  deceased,  who  was  for 
many  years,  one  of  the  most  prominent  anil 
greatly  esteemed  merchants  of  Oregon  City, 
was  a  native  of  (Tormaiiy,  where  he  was  born 
November  11,  1830.  His  parents  were  (Tcrmans 
and  his  father  was  a  reputable  merchant  in  his 
native  land. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  when  a  boy,  as- 
sisted in  his  father's  store,  bnt  at  the  early  age 
of  si,\teen  years  came  to  the  L'liited  States.  He 
clerked  for  three  or  four  years  in  New  Orleans, 
coming,  in  1851,  to  Sonora,  California,  where 
he  eml)arked  in  the  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness. He  continued  successively  in  that  enter- 
prise for  twelve  years,  when  he  sold  out,  and 
came  to  Oregon  City,  where,  in  1807,  he  en- 
gajjed  in  the  same  business,  in  which  he  success- 
fully  continued  until  the  time  of  his  death,  on 
January  23.1890.  He  had  been  in  active  business 
for  thirty-nine  years,  and  his  success  was  due  to 


his  energy,  thorough  knowledge  of  his  business 
to  every  detail  of  which  he  gave  the  most  care- 
ful scrutiny,  and  to  his  honorable  methiiils,  which 
inspired  rontidence,  and  enabled  him  tu  build  up 
a  large  and  hicrative  trade. 

He  was  mairied,  in  1857,  to  ^[iBs  Hertha 
liarile,  an  estimable  lady  and  a  native  of  (ier- 
many.  They  had  six  children,  the  widow  and 
a  son  and  daughter,  Kimun  L.  and  Rose,  now 
surviving. 

The  business  is  still  continued  under  the  able 
management  of  his  son,  and.  out  of  honor  to  the 
father,  is  still  conducted  in  his  name.  The  son, 
Mr.  Samuel  L.  Selling,  is  a  native  son  of  Oregon, 
and  reflects  credit  on  the  land  of  his  birth,  be- 
ing strictly  honorable,  highly  ).rogres8ive  and 
IK)s8essing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  his  business, 
le  was  born  in  McMinnville,  .1  uly  Ifi,  18t)7, 
being  but  eight  months  of  age  when  his  parents 
removed  to  Oregon  City,  where  he  was  reared 
and  educated,  after  which  he  was  tborou;rhly 
taught  the  mercantile  business  in  his  father's 
store.  His  father  early  inculcated  iii  the  son  the 
strictest  rules  of  business  integrity,  by  the  con- 
tinued practice  or  which,  this  young  man  lias 
rapidly  risen   to  a  ])romiiient   position    among 

j   business  men  of  his  city. 

j  The  Fatherland  has  sent  to  America  many 
superior  men  and  women,  who  have  been  dis- 
tinguished by  intelligence,  honor  and  morality. 
All  of  these  qualities  met  in  a  happy  combina- 
tion in  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  died  be- 
niourned  by  all  as  a  truly  worthy  and  good  man. 


5SAAC  WILSOX  HERRY,  Warden  of  Ore- 
gon's State  i'enitentiary,  is  u  most  capable 
and  courteous  official,  and  is  eminently  fitted 
for  the  position  he  occupies.  He  is  a  native  of 
of  the  State  of  Indiana,  born  at  Delphi,  Carroll 
county,  March  IS,  1851.  Alexander  M,  Derry, 
his  father,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  of  Scotch 
ancestry.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Ann  Wilson, 
and  there  were  born  to  them  in  Indiana  two 
children.  In  1852  Mr.  I'erry  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon,  and  engaged  in  mining  in  Jackson 
county,  and  in  Del  Norte  county,  California. 
After  five  years  of  fair  success  in  this  industry, 
he  determined  to  make  his  iioine  on  the  I'acitic 
coast,  and  sent  for  his  wife  and  two  children, 
who  made  the  jonrney  by  way  of  Panama  in 
1857.  He  continued  mining  for  three  years, 
and  in  18(50,  removed  to  .Facksonville,  Oregon; 


UlarOHY    OF    illth'dOX. 


•an 


hcic  lie  piircl'iiHod  l(i()  acri-H  of  land  i"iil  tnniiMl 
liiM  litti'titi  jii  to  iifrriciiltiirn.  I'lii  •  I'liildruii 
were  uddtMi  to  tlif  I'liinily  itt'tt'l'  tlii-y  ciiiiio  to 
Oregcin.  li*aiic  Wilton  Hcrry  ih  the  uldt-st  ol' 
the  tivo  cliildi't'ii.  lie  was  f^ivcn  the  advantage 
of  II  good  e<hiuation  in  the  nchoolH  of  Corvallis. 
and  ill  187U  Htarted  out  in  life  to  meet  itn  re- 
sponsiliilities  on  Iuh  own  aecoiint.  lie  followed 
the  vocation  to  wliieli  lie  had  been  reared,  and 
was  a  Piiecessfiil  liuKbaiidiiian  until  1887,  when 
he  received  the  appointment  of  assistant  warden 
of  the  State  reiiitentiary;  ho  served  in  this  ca- 
pacity tour  years,  and  in  1891  was  promoted  to 
the  position  he  now  holds.  His  wide  experience 
gained  in  theolliceof  awsiitant  has  been  invahi- 
able  to  him;  there  he  became  llioronghly  fa- 
miliar with  every  detail  of  the  iiianagei.ient  of 
this  great  institution,  and  has  showi  -iiperior 
extentive  ability. 

Mr.  Kerry  was  nnited  in  marriage  Novembci 
I'J,  187U.  to  Miss  Dora  L.  Cardwell,  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Iowa,  and  of  this  union  two  iiiter- 
ebting  children  have  been  born. 


fAi'TAIN  J.  W.  GA\ON(t,  of  Company 
F,  Oregon  National  Guards,  an  e.steemed 
native  sc  of  Oregon,  and  an  active  l)ii.-.i- 
ness  man  of  Oregon  City,  was  born  in  Cort- 
land, October  1,  18fi2. 

Hit,  father.  (Jharles  W.  Oanoiig,  was  born  in 
Toronto,  Canada,  in  1837,  and  is  a  descendant 
of  a  French  gentleman  who  came  to  the  colonies 
with  General  La  Fayette,  and  who  fought  in 
the  Revolution.  Tlie  father  of  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  accotnpiiiiied  his  parents  to  Missouri 
in  1838,  being  then  one  year  old.  From  there 
they  moved  to  New  York,  afterward  reinoviiif; 
again  to  St.  Louis,  where  they  remained  until 
1852,  when  they  came  to  California,  thence  to 
Oregon  in  185!).  Here  their  son  (jliarles,  father 
of  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  married  Miss  F^liza- 
beth  B.  Allen,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  a 
dauj^hter  of  Dr.  William  Allen,  a  prominent 
pioneer  of  Oregon.  They  had  six  children,  four 
of  whom  survive,  all  living  in  Oregon  City, 
near  which  the  parents  also  reside. 

The  Captain  accompanied  his  parents  to 
(Jregon  City  when  he  was  two  years  of  age. 
He  was  educated  in  the  ])ul)lic  schools  of  that 
city,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  was  unusually 
lara;e  and  robust,  and  commenced  to  learn  the 
blacksmith's  trade,  at  which  he  worked   about 


six  years,  when  he  was  given  a  position  in  the 
I'ortland  I'loiirin^  Mill  as  warehouse  man. 
After  a  year's  faithful  service,  he  was  promoted 
to  the  position  of  salesman,  in  which  capacity 
lie  liH'!  charge  of  the  sale  of  the  tloiir  and  leed 
H(dd  at  the  mill.  After  atmther  year  spent  in 
this  Work,  he  became  bookkeeper  for  the  estab- 
lishment, in  which  position  lie  remained  for 
five  yars.  He  then  became  tin-  agent  of  the 
coni|)any,  which  position  he  now  holds,  enjoying 
the  entire  confidence  and  the  highest  esteem  of 
the  company  with  which  he  has  been  so  nintiy 
years. 

On  the  organization  of  Company  F  of  the 
( )regon  National  Guards,  he  was  one  of  the  first 
to  join,  and  June  20,  1881),  was  appointed  First 
■Sergeant,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until 
.\pril,  1891,  when  he  was  elected  First  Lieuten- 
ai]t,  which  position  he  held  until  February  22, 
18U2,  when  he  became  Captain.  This  company 
is  composed  of  sixty  of  the  most  vigorous  and 
bit-'  iorineil  young  men  of  (Oregon  City,  of  good 
record  and  reliability.  They  are  thoroughly 
equipp(;d  and  uniformed,  and  are  a  credit  to  the 
city.  The  Captain  possesses  t;reat  physical 
strength,  makes  a  tine  appearance,  and  can  be 
relied  upon  at  all  times  and  places. 

He  was  married  December  28,  1887,  to  Mies 
Martha  E.  Field,  a  highly  esteemed  lady,  a 
native  of  New  York,  and  of  English  parentage. 

The  Captain  is  an  attentive  anil  thoronghly 
experienced  business  man,  is  oiniiu  iitly  public- 
spirited,  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  advance- 
ment of  his  city  and  State,  of  both  of  which  he 
is  deservedly  proud,  and  is  very  popular  among 
his  fellow-men. 

?OHN  KENWOKTHY,  a  worthy  pioneer 
of  the  Pacific  coast,  is  a  native  of  Leeds, 
England,  born  in  1.S19.  His  parents  were 
.lames  and  Hannah  (Pallisir)  Kenworthy,  both 
Englisli,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in 
182(5,  settling  in  New  York,  where  they  brought 
up  their  six  children  to  years  of  maturity. 
Father  Kenworthy  was  a  spinner  and  weaver, 
and  a  manufacturer  of  woolen  cloths.  In  En- 
gland they  were  Episcopalians.  He  died  in 
Pouglikee|)sie,  and  his  wife  survived  him  two 
years. 

Mr.  Kenworthy,  our  subject,  was  reared  in 
I'oughkeepsie  and  attended  the  public  schools, 
learneil  the  trade  of  wood-turner  and   followed 


^ 


Ml 


34(1 


nisTOHY    OF   ORKHON. 


1:  L 


M 


it  !tio6t  of  tilt'  tiiiif  until  liis  tliirtv-fimrtii  yt'ni"- 
Tiiun  lie  ciiiiie  to  ('iiliforiiiii,  uml  at  81111  Fruii- 
oIhoo  lie  wiin  miiployiMl  at  his  trndo.  Liiter  he 
WHH  eiiffit^TLMl  ill  rimning  a  siiwiniil  iind  floiir- 
lliillt).  ill  Istio  lie  frtiiu*  to  Portland,  anil  was 
np|ioiiituil  Stcwanl  of  the  Asylum  for  the  In- 
Hane,  which  iniiiortant  ixisitioii  of  trust  he  held 
tor  niiK'teeii  year",  making  a  taithfiil  an<l  11 1>- 
rii^ht  record,  to  which  he  has  reason  to  look 
hack  with  just  pride. 

He  was  fortunate  enoiij;ii  to  foresee,  to  some 
extent,  the  ;ir()wth  and  iniportaiice  of  l'ortlan<l, 
and  made  judicious  investments,  which  have 
reunited  in  placing  him  in  a  position  of  inde- 
pendence; and  he  has  made  numerous  protitalile 
real-estate  transactions  in  I'ortlaii<l.  During 
Bome  of  his  early  purchases  he  hoiijrht  four 
blocks  in  Kast  I'orthind,  on  L  street,  and  from 
Ninth  to  Kleventh  streets,  for  81,000;  those 
blocks  he  afterward  sold,  and  they  are  now 
valued  at  >>20,()()<l  each,  lie  has  retained  con- 
sidcrahle  valuable  property,  erected  a  number 
of  buildini^s,  etc.,  and  in  this  way  has  con- 
triliiited  to  the  i;rowtli  and  development  of  the 
east  side  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Kenwortliy  was  married  in  1S75,  to  Miss 
Mary  L.  ra.\toii,  a  native  of  New  York,  and 
they  have  a  daughter.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenwortliy 
occupy  a  nice  residence  of  their  own,  on  the 
corner  of  Foiirteeiitli  and  East  I'ine  streets. 
Jlr.  Kenwortliy  is  a  member  of  the  Hoard  of 
Directors  of  the  I'ortland  Hospital,  and  he  has 
taken  great  interest  in  the  same.  For  two  years 
lie  served  as  its  superintendent,  gratuitously. 
He  is  a  memlier  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F.  in  all  its 
branches,  and  has  represented  the  lodge  at  the 
Grand  Lodj,'e  and  also  at  the  Sovereign  (irand 
Lodge,  and  he  has  also  been  Grand  .Master  of 
the  order  for  the  State  of  Oregon.  He  has 
long  been  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
(Church,  is  now  a  Trustee  in  that  religious  body, 
and  he  has  liberally  aided  in  the  construction  of 
their  beautiful  church  edifice, — to  the  extent  of 
$ti.()()0.  He  is  a  worthy  and  reliable  citizen,  a 
man  of  generous  impulses,  and  enjoys  the 
esteem  of  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 


ft-«+ 


r=|(>   ..H^i.  fl^C  § 


^NDREW  JA(MvS()N  KNOTT,  a  worthy 
and  successful  pioneer  of  Oregon,  came  to 
this  State  in  1850.     He  was  born  in  Ohio, 
November  25,  1834,  the  son  of  Joseph  Knott, 


who  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  born  in  1H09, 
of  ancestry  who  were  early  settlers  of  the  colo- 
nies. Josepli  Knott  emigrated  to  Ohio  in  ISiU), 
being  op'j  of  the  early  settlers  of  Dayton.  He 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  ().  Wilson,  a  native  of 
Moninoiitli,  .New  Jersey,  and  hail  six  (diildren, 
two  of  whom  are  living,  namely:  Mrs.  E.  J. 
Finnicati,  who  resides  in  San  Francisco,  and  the 
subject  of  this  sketch. 

Mr.  Knott  spent  the  first  fifteen  years  of  his 
lif(*  in  Ohio,  Illinois  ami  Iowa.  In  1S5(),  when 
tifteen  years  of  age,  he  came  v/ith  bis  father  and 
the  family  to  (Jregoii,  starting  from  Fairtielil, 
Iowa,  with  ox  teams,  one  of  which  .Mr.  Knott 
ilrovo  across  the  plains.  He  Hrst  saw  the  city 
of  Portland  in  the  fall  of  I8,j0.  This  family 
located  at  the  town  of  ('anonville,  in  Douglas 
county,  and  engaged  in  ii;iiiing  and  trading  in 
miners'  supplies.  At  length  tliey  removed  to 
Sc'ottsbiirg,  where  they  continued  their  trade, 
and  also  engaged  in  _)acking  supplies  to  the 
mines.  In  1854:  the  Knotts  purchased  l,(l()() 
acres  of  land  in  Douglas  county  and  engageil  in 
stock-raising  until  l^oS,  when  tliev  sold  the 
land  and  stock,  and  came  to  Portland  and  en- 
gaged in  the  butcher  business  in  Portland,  on 
the  corner  of  Ash  and  Front  streets,  which  he 
continued  until  18(!0.  Then  he  engaged  in 
mining  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  and  in 
stock  driving  to  the  mines,  following  tliis  for 
several  years.  He  still  retains  large  and  \alii- 
able  mining  interests.  In  18(il  they  purchased 
the  Stark  street  ferry,  the  lirst  that  was  perma- 
nently established  across  the  Willamette  river 
at  Portland,  and  tli's  he  has  continued  to  own 
and  conduct  ever  since,  in  partnevsbiti  witii  his 
brother.  Their  father  die<l  in  1884,  ami  their 
mother  died  in  1874. 

The  parents  always  treated  the  Indians  with 
kiiidiiesr,  and  as  long  retained  their  good  will. 
Much  of  the  trouble  with  the  Indians,  if  not  the 
most  of  it,  arose  from  the  bad  acts  of  white 
men.  Mr.  Knott,  our  subject,  knew  the  Indians 
well  andcould  speak  their  hinguage  fluently.  He 
often  took  an  active  part  in  suppressing  Indian 
outbreaks.  Atonetime  he  was  Indian  interpreter 
for  General  Lane,  and  his  services  as  a  soldier  in 
all  the  wars  with  the  Indians  was  of  great  jervice 
to  the  Territory  ai.d  State.  He  also  made  him- 
self of  much  value  'o  the  early  settlers  in  lo- 
cating them  on  lanJs  with  which  ho  waa 
familiar. 

He  is  now  largely  iiii  irostod  in  city  property, 
and  in  the  new  towns  on  the  sound,  where  he  has 


UIMTOJi)-    OF    UHKdoy. 


S4T 


fiiitli  tliiit  the  gidwfli  will  lie  rapid.  He  Iihh 
Wliilt  tor  liiiiiHelf  and  fuiiiily  a  tiiiu  residence, 
and  liaH  diiiie  \\\»  almre  in  hiiildiii;;  up  tho  lieati- 
tifiil  (Mty  ol'  I'drtland. 

He  wan  married  in  1853,  to  MinH  N[ary  K. 
TililiettH,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  has  iiad  ideveii 
ciiildrt'ii,  three  of  whom  are  doeeased,  all  liorn  in 
Oregon,  the  liviiijr  are  named  aH  IoMowh:  Annie, 
wiio  in  now  MrH.  Frccl  M.  Slu|)hens;  (iordon  II., 
married  and  a  burfiiie.-!8  man  in  Portland;  Wal- 
ter, married  and  living  here;  Mzzy,  who  in  the 
wife  of  I.nte  CJ.  MeCorniiek,  residinj;  in  I'ort- 
land;  Mollie,  who  married  .John  \V.  I'halon; 
Harry  II.,  (ieor^e  (i.  and  Saila. 

Mr.  Knott  is  a  man  of  f;enial  and  cordial  die- 
liofition,  liheral  and  enterprifiiif;,  eiijoyiiif^  the 
contidetice  and  e.steem  of  a  wiile  cirele  of  friencU 
in  the  State,  of  which  he  has  sy  long  been  a 
rof-ident.  ■  . 

-  ■^^€(§{:@^'^ — 

fIIAI!LKS  ]•;.  LOCK  WOOD,  assistant 
United  State.n  Attorney,  is  a  native  of  the 
State  of  IViinsylvania,  horn  at  I'itthtield, 
Warren  county,  June  14.  180(5.  Hi,'*  father, 
Olvin  A.  Lockwood,  was  a  prominent  husiness 
man  and  a  loading  merciiant  of  that  city.  His 
motiier,  liarbara  (I)alrymple)  Lockwood,  was 
descended  from  one  of  the  old  and  distinifuished 
families  of  tiie  Keystone  State.  Mrs.  Lockwood 
died  in  1871,  and  the  following  year  Mr.  Lock- 
wood  removed  to  Northtield,  liice  connty,  Min- 
l\eeota,  where  he  was  eniraijed  in  mercantile 
pursuits  for  two  y;^ars.  At  the  end  of  tiiat  time 
lie  removed  to  Oalifoi-nia  and  after  living  a  sliort 
time  in  that  State,  he  settled  in  Roseburg,  Oro- 
gan.  in  1876.  In  1878  he  located  at  Eugene, 
where  lie  still  resides. 

Charles  K.  Lockwood  is  the  youngest  of  three 
children,  he  having  two  sisters,  Minnie  L.  Wasli- 
burne  and  Mrs.  W.  T.  Eakin,  residing  at  Eu- 
gene. His  ])rin)aiy  education  was  recived  in 
the  district  schools  of  Minnesota,  and  later  he 
attended  the  common  schools  of  California  and 
Oregon;  he  graduated  from  the  public  schools 
at  Eugene  in  1881.  and  then  entered  the  (.)regon 
State  Lfniversity;  his  studies  were  carried  on 
there,  with  some  interruptions,  until  188(5,  when 
he  took  up  the  Btu<iy  of  law  in  the  office  of  his 
brother-in-law,  Judge  George  S.  Washbnrne,  a 
prominent  member  of  the  bar;  he  studied  law 
and   continued    the  studies    of    which    he   was 


making  a  speciality  at  the  university,  until 
,lamiary.  188D.  when  he  was  ap|pointed  Clerk  of 
the  I'ublic  Land  Committee  ol  the  Oregon 
Senate.  In  March,  1H><!),  he  resiiine<l  his  law 
studies  in  the  otHce  of  Dolph,  Bellinger,  Mal- 
lory  »fe  Simon,  at  Portland  and  witli  A.  C. 
Woodcock,  at  Eugeiu",  and  also  took  a  course  in 
tlie  law  department  of  the  Oregon  State  Uni- 
versity, and  later  was  graduated  therein.  Ho 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  October,  188H,  be- 
fore the  Supreme  (Jourt  at  Salem,  after  which 
he  located  at  Portland  and  engageil  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession. 

Up<jn  the  recommendation  of  tiie  United 
States  Attorney,  F.  I*.  Mays,  and  the  Oregon 
delegation  in  Congress,  in  September,  18U(), 
Mr.  !,ockwood  was  appointed  by  the  Attorney 
General  of  the  United  States,  Assistant  United 
States  Attorney,  for  the  District  of  Oregon,  an<l 
is  now  engaged  in  the  discharge  of  the  "luties 
of  that  office.  He  has  made  a  most  efficient 
officer,  and  is  rapi<lly  winning  a  position  among 
the  prominent  miMnbers  of  the  bar  of  the  State. 
He  belongs  to  Willamette  Lodge,  No.  2.  A.  V. 
&  A.  M.,  and  for  several  years  has  been  an  ac- 
tive member  of  the  Oregon  National  (inanl. 
He  is  a  young  man  of  superior  ability,  and  has 
every  pros|)ect  of  gaining  protninence  in  his 
profession. 


IVRUS  A.  DOLPH,  an  eminent  Jurist  and 
president  of  the  Oregon  State  Har  As- 
sociation, is  .a  native  of  the  State  of  New 
Vork,  where  he  was  born,  in  Ilavana,  Schuyler 
county,  on  September  27,  1840.  His  ancestors 
were  originally  from  France,  emigrating  to  the 
colonies  in  the  early  history  of  the  country,  to 
enjoy  that  liberty  of  conscience,  which  was 
denied  them  in  their  native  land.  His  great- 
grandfather, Abda  Dolph,  was  bom  in  Molten, 
Massachusetts,  in  1740,  serving  with  distinction 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  as  did  also  his  brother 
Charles  Dolph,  to  whom  Congress  voted  the 
thanks  of  the  country  for  military  serv'ce. 
Joseph  Dolph,  grandfather  of  our  subject,  set- 
tled at  White  Hall,  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
and  there  ('hester  V.  Dolph,  the  father  of  our 
subject,  was  born,  in  1812.  Afterwaid  the 
family  moved  to  a  place  called  Do  phsburg,  after 
the  family  name,  which  is  in  what  is  now  known 
as  Schuyler    county,  in    the   same  State.      His 


i 


mm 


!•  t 


a48 


HISTORY    OV    OUKGON. 


11; 


i: 


III 


fatluT  irinrrictl  Klizii  V^iiiilcrliilt,  a  native  of 
New  \'i)rk,  it  iltscumlaiit  (rf  tliu  VaiKliTMltH  of 
lliat  city. 

Our  Biihjfct  was  (•(lncatc<l  in  the  »  .kkjIb  of 
liirt  county,  which  lie  left  at  the  age  of  eiirhteeii, 
after  wiiieli  lie  taught  in  different  i-cii'jols  of  liis 
county  (inrinj;  185U,  l^^fiO  and  l.Htil.  In  tlic 
i-pring  of  18()'2,  he  enlisited  in  the  Union  army, 
from  which  he  was  (lisehari;ed  at  Walla  Wallu, 
in  Oftolicr.  lH(i2,  wiieriee  he  came  to  rortland, 
wiiere  he  has  (since  rei-ided.  While  teaching, 
he  ticf/an  the  study  of  law,  which  he  continued 
in  Portland,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  18t)6, 
after  which  he  practiced  his  profession  in  this, 
his  cluiscn  city.  In  June,  18(59.  without  solici- 
taliim  on  his  |)art,  he  was  nominated  on  the 
Repuhliean  titrket  for  City  Attorney,  being 
elected  by  a  large  majority,  lie  served  in  this 
capacity  for  t'iie  full  term  of  two  years,  his  ad- 
ministration )f  the  ottice  being  eminently  satis- 
factory to  his  constituents.  In  1874:,  during 
his  temjiorary  absence  from  the  city,  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Uepubli-.-an  Convention  for 
tli((  Lower  House  of  the  Legislature,  but  de- 
clined to  become  a  candidate.  Two  years  later 
he  was  tendered  the  nomination  for  Senator, 
which  he  also  declined.  In  1891,  he  was  so- 
licited to  accept  the  appointment  of  (Jircuit 
.ludge  of  the  North  Juilicial  Circuit,  and  not- 
withstanding he  was  unanimously  indorsed  by 
the  best  citizens  of  the  States  of  the  Northwest, 
lie  respectfully  declined  the  high  lionor,  feeling 
that  if  he  accepted,  it  would  be  a  life  work,  and 
would  interfere  with  the  plans  which  he  hail 
Muuked  out  for  the  future  of  himself  and 
lainily.  Since  his  residence  in  Portland,  he  has 
been  ideiititied  with  most  of  the  principal  cor- 
jiorations,  which  have  been  organized  for  the  I 
development  of  the  inetrojMilis  an<l  State.  He 
is  now  vice-president  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Terminal  Company  of  Oregon,  oi'  the  Oregon 
Improvement  Company,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Portland  Savino;s  ]>ank,  also  of 
the  Commercial  National  Hank  of  Portland,  be- 
ing for  several  years  a  director  in,  and  the  at- 
torney for  both  of  these  banks.  He  was  for  a 
nnmb(!r  of  years  a  director  in  the  Oregon  6i 
California  Kailroad  CJoinpany,  and  during  the 
years  of  188;i  and  1884  was  the  general  attorney 
for  that  com|>any.  He  was  also  a  director  in 
the  Oregon  Uailwav  it  Np.vigation  ('ompany, 
from  1883  to  188U' 

Since   1883,  he  has  been  the    senior  member 
<d'  the   firm    of  Dolph,    l!i?lling(M',    Mallory    & 


Simo!i,  all  lawyers  of  reputation  for  legal 
acumen  and  abilitv.  Mr.  liolph's  professional 
[iractice  has  been  lucrative,  anil  he  has  largely 
invested  in  the  desirable  property  of  the 
vicinity. 

He  was  married  on  June  24,  1874,  to  Miss 
Eliza  C!ardinell,  a  native  of  Canada,  daughter 
of  (Charles  (!ardinell,  of  Frencli-lliiguenot  an- 
cestry. They  have  three  children,  all  born  in 
Portland,  viz.:  .Joseph  N.,  Hazel  M.  and  Will- 
iam Vanderbilt. 

He  is  a  Kejiublican  in  politics,  but  being  de- 
void of  political  aspirations,  has  consistently 
refused  to  allow  himself  to  become  a  candidate 
for  office.  By  close  attention  to  business,  con- 
scientious and  persevering  work,  he  has  attained 
an  enviable  jicjsition  in  his  profession.  In  his 
relations  with  others  he  is  steadfast  in  friend- 
ship, considerate  of  their  feelings,  scrupulously 
careful  of  their  rights,  and  conscientious  in  all 
his  actions  and  relations,  and  has  earned  the  es- 
teem, which  he  enjoys,  of  the  community  and 
State  at  large. 


s|M>^®Mh 


S'^*|i=*" 


ili.  .1.  J.  FISHER,  the  pioneer  druggist  of 
icj  ^'"^  '^''y  "^  Albina,  now  a  portion  of  Port- 
and,  was  born  in  \Ann  county,  Missouri, 
in  1841.  His  parents,  Daniel  and  Mary  A. 
(Chapman)  Fisher,  were  natives  of  Indiana  and 
Virginia,  respectively.  They  emigrated  to 
Missouri  in  1837,  and  there  Mr.  Fislier  passed 
the  rest  of  his  life,  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  After  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
1843,  Mrs.  Fisher  returned  to  Tippecanoe 
county.  Indiana,  where  his  family  resided. 

In  Tippeciinoe  county  the  subject  of  our 
sketcli  ai  tended  school  and  at  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen began  teaching.  He  worked  his  way 
througli  the  Tippecanoe  Battle  Ground  Insti- 
tute, and  had  almost  completed  his  course  when 
the  war    of    the  Rebellion  came    on  in   18(51. 

The  following  September  he  enlisted  in  the 
First  Regiment  of  the  United  States  Mechanic 
Fusileers,  conunanded  by  Colonel  J.  W.  Wil- 
fon.  This  regimeiit  was  to  perforiii  mechan- 
ical work  in  building  bridges,  barracks,  etc., 
and  was  enlisted  for  three  years.  After  they 
had  spent  six  months  in  building  barracks  at 
Chicago,  the  (xoverninent  wished  to  send  them 
to  the  front,  a*  'vhich  discord  was  engeiulered 
in  the  regiin".'i  .mci   they  were  discharged.     In 


HISTORY    OF    iiliKddN. 


249 


thirty 'lay'*^  '''>*  eoinpiiiiy  ! 
mierrillii   wart'ari  Kentucky, 

liis  enlistiiii'iit   h.i- iiiif  expired.  Iiii 


lHfi2  Mr.  Kirtlier  iiifiiiii  eiiliiite<l.  this  time  for 
!)eiiii;  eiiiiiii^ed  iii;;ain8t 
"he  liuK'  of 
rt'tiiinecl  to 
IiKiiunapolis  and  was  iiiiistered  out.  lie  then 
went  liome  and,  finding  tiiat  two  of  iiii-  hrotii- 
tM-8  liad  enlisted  for  three  yearn,  remained  to 
take  care  of  his  mother  and  the  family,  and 
airain  engajjed  in  taacliing.  In  18li5  lie  en- 
tered tile  office  of  Dr.  ('.  Arifrol,  at  I'ittslmrg, 
Indiana,  and  engaged  in  the  study  of  medicine, 
continuing  with  iiis  preceptor  until  liStJit,  in 
the  meantinie  attendinif  lectures  at  the  Rush 
Medical  (College,  Cliicafro.  In  186!(  he  com- 
menced practice  at  lro<iiiois,  Illinois,  where  he 
remained  until  1871,  when  he  removed  to  Cen- 
tral CMty,  Nebraska,  and  there  continued  the 
practice  of  his  ])rofe8siou  until  1880.  While 
at  Central  City  he  served  as  (Joroiier  and  was 
also  an  active  memher  of  the  Scliool  Board. 

[n  1880  Dr.  Fisher  removed  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  and,  after  traveling  extensively  through 
Washington  and  (Oregon,  liecame  interested  in 
the  town  of  Albiua,  and  with  the  founding  of 
the  town  in  1883  he  purchased  his  present  de- 
siral>Ie  property  at  Nos.  84  and  8(5  liussell 
street.  Here  he  erected  a  two  story  frame 
building  and  opened  the  Pioneer  Drug  Store 
also  continuing  a  general  practice  of  medicine. 
In  18(51  he  built  his  present  brick  block,  50  x 
fiO  feet,  three  stories  and  basement,  the  two  up 
per  floors  being  arranged  for  living  rooms, 
while  below  are  two  handsome  stores,  one  of 
which  he  occupies  for  liis  drug  business.  With 
the  rapid  development  of  the  town  and  the  ad- 
vent of  till  electric  railroad,  his  property  has 
increased  ,n  value  many  fold.  He  has  also 
made  other  valual)le  investments. 

Dr.  Fisher  was  married  at  Pittsburg,  In- 
diana, in  18(59,  to  Miss  (ieorgiana- Williams. 
They  have  had  two  children  only  one  of  whom 
is  living,  Daisy  I}.,  wife  ot  Albert  llillier. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M., 
and  of  (^eorge  Wright  Post,  (t.  A.  R.  lie  is 
an  active  Republican,  and  in  1888  was  elected 
to  the  St.%te  Legislature,  where  he  served  with 
honor  to  himself  and  his  constituents. 


-<$-< 


'<^^pi«®i:¥!*=#> -?=>- 


jRS.  SARAH  A.TAI.HOT.-.-Abouttwo 
miles  southv.est  of  the  city  of  Portland, 
on    the   highest  point  of  land  in  that 
section,  1,  .00  feet  above  the  business  portion  of 


the  city,  nmy  be  enjoyed  one  of  the  most  sublime 
vi(iws  in  ()regon,  that  State  justly  celebratiMJ 
for  its  beautiful  sceinu-y.  In  tiMut  of  yon,  anil 
as  if  at  your  feet,  lit;-  the  beautiful  and  prosjier- 
oliB  city' with  its  80,1)00  inhabitants.  The  Wil 
lamette  river  sliimmer'*  like  silver  in  the  siui- 
light  as  it  gently  (lows  through  the  city,  in 
the  distance  to  the  east,  wnd  northeast  of  the 
liroad  vallev  with  its  two  magnilicer.t  rivers, 
the  Columbia  and  the  Willamette,  spreads  out 
before  you  those  lofty  mountains  with  I  heir 
caps  of  snow.  Mounts  Hood,  Adams,  St.  Helens 
and  Rainier  and  away  in  the  distance,  nearly 
sixty  miles,  are  the  Cascade  mountains.  Kvery 
where  you  turn  a  scene  meets  your  eyes,  sel- 
dom if  ever  equaleil. 

On  the  top  of  this  lovely  point  of  land  stands 
the  residence  of  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Talbot,  the  pio- 
neer, who  in  18r)0,  with  her  husband,  settlcci  for 
their  donation  claim,  one  square  mile  of  thesii 
beautif\il  heights,  where  the  has  resided  for  the 
past  forty-two  years,  and  the  heigiits  bear  her 
name.  Talbot  Heights.  Mrs.  Talbot  was  born 
in  Fairfax  county.  Virginia,  May  25,  1819, 
She  wis  the  daughter  of  Joseph  Plun)i>.  The 
ancertos's  of  the  family  came  over  to  .Vmerica 
from  Kngland,  settling  iti  Nisw  Milford,  Con- 
necticnt,  at  an  early  date,  and  her  grandfather 
was  a  minute  man  in  the  revolution.  Mrs.  Tal- 
bot's father  married  Kli/.abeth  Marll,  of  Alexan- 
dria, Virginia,  of  Scotch  ancestiT.  They  hail 
nine  children,  of  whom  Mrs.  Talbot  is  tlie  only 
survivor.  In  183(5  she  removed  to  Monmouth, 
Illinois,  and  there  met  her  husband,  John  Ik'al 
Talbot.  In  1840  they  were  married.  Mr.  15eal 
was  a  native  of  Dighton,  Massachusetts,  and 
was  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  1812,  also  a  jiioneer 
of  Illinois,  moving  there  with  his  mother  from 
Kentuckv  before  the  HIack  Hawk  war,  and  acteJ 
as  inierpreter  for  the  United  States  and  Inilians 
at  the  time  of  tlie  treaty  between  the  (iovern- 
ment  and  the  Indians,  at  the  close  of  the  war. 
During  all  the  war  he  lived  on  the  farm  he  was 
making  unmolested  and  in  perfect  friendship 
with  the  Indians,  plowing  bis  field,  with  his  gun 
(in  case  of  emergency)  stra])ped  to  his  ))ack. 
The  Indians  visited  him  every  day  and  shared 
their  veniso\i  with  him.  They  resided  on  a 
farm  in  Illinois,  six  miles  fi'om  Monmouth  until 
1849,  and  there  were  born  Vo  them  their  live 
children.  One  of  these  died,  imt  with  the 
others  they  started,  March  25,  lis4y,  with  two 
wagons,  five  yoke  of  oxen  and  two  horses  to 
cross  the  |)lain(-  to  Oregon.     On  the  journey  up 


2.10 


HlHTOnV    OF    OREOON. 


I*!: 


S.v 


i 
i 


tint  I'liittc  rivi'i'  lidtli  In-  and  Mrs.  Tiilhot  were 
Kii'k  witli  diolcra  iiiiil  liiircly  >iirvivt'<l.  The 
cliililreii  \v«rc  all  well;  hut  tliuy  liad  no  desiri^  to 
turn  liai'k,  with  tlieni  it  was  to  do  or  die  When 
they  arrived  at  the  Dalles,  the  |dace,  which  con- 
^^i^ted  ot  the  inirssioii  house  and  oiitlniildin<f, 
had  been  lpi\rnt  hy  the  Indians  and  was  deserted, 
only  a  mass  ol' charred  tiinher  reniainiiii^.  Tiioy 
were  alone,  lint  a  livini;  soul  or  lininan  habita- 
tion in  sirjht.  Th''y  made  camp  and  ))repared 
for  the  night  an  well  as  they  could.  The  ne.xt 
day  more  imniif^rants  came  in,  seven  men  in  all 
got  to  work  building  boats,  in  whiidi  to  float 
down  the  Columbia;  made  the  trcmes  (d'  the 
b(rats  ol'  the  runnini{-gear  of  the  wagons  and 
boarded  them  up  witl:  scraps  of  boards  from  the 
burned  mission  houses,  tore  up  all  the  old  cot- 
ton clothes  of  the  jiarty,  dipped  them  in  the 
pitch  tliey  gathered  ami  melted  from  the  fir 
tree,  and  corked  the  seams  with  it.  The  boats, 
three  in  all,  they  floated  on  the  (unknown  to 
them)  waters  of  the  Columbia:  their  little  effects 
put  on  board,  the  parting  with  companions 
made,  the  boats  and  seven  uumi  floated  away, 
dowti  to  V^ancouver,  where  all  arrived  safely, 
while  the  family  crossed  the  Cascade  mountains, 
amid  many  trials  and  tribulations  and  narrow 
escapes  from  burning  forests,  all  arrived  safely 
in  the  valley  October  7,  1849. 

There  were  a  few  families  in  the  town  and 
Mr.  Talbot  did  such  jobs  as  he  could  find  to  do. 
lie  loaded  vessels  with  piles  and  timber  for 
San  Francisco.  They  built  a  small  house  just 
across  the  street  from  the  Congregatioiuil 
Church,  on  Second  street,  between  Madison  and 
Jefl'erson  on  the  east  side  of  the  street.  They 
cut  a  large  cedar  tree  on  the  jiroperty  out  of 
which  they  made  weather  boarding.  The  lot 
was  sohl  to  raise  money  to  open  the  canon  I'oad 
and  Mrs.  Talbot  gave  .§100  for  the  |)urpose.  In 
1851  they  move<l  to  the  Talbot  Heights.  At 
that  time  there  was  plenty  of  land  everywhere, 
but  they  preferred  it  because  of  the  healthfulness 
of  the  locality.  Then;  was  not  a  wagon  road  near 
it  anywhere.  They  buit  a  log  hou.so  and  hail 
everthing  their  own  way  uj)  there  all  by  them- 
selves. Here  they  lived  and  farmed  the  laiul 
while  thd  young  city  was  growing  at  their  feet. 
From  time  to  time  for  the  sake  of  having 
lu'ighbors  they  have  sold  a  jKirtion  of  tlu^  latui, 
at  f.rst  for.>i;l(lan  acre 'in d  later  as  high  as  ^200 
an  acre,  but  now  it  is  valued  at  a  great  deal 
more.  A  cable  road  has  been  built  out  in  that 
direction     and     runs    iu   twenty    minutes    and 


it  is  to  be  carried  u[)  into  her  jjroperty.  Then 
a  resident  there  will  be  able  to  reach  tiie  city  in 
fifteen  minutes.  There  is  a  large  fortune  iu  the 
KiO  acres  which  she  still  owns. 

In  addition  to  the  five  children  born  in  Illi- 
nois they  hail  two  more,  boiu  in  Oregon.  The 
eldest  Son,  Charles  Heal,  is  now  an  architect  and 
draughtsman  in  the  employ  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
ciflc.  Ileis  alsoan  artist  ofability.  (Jeorge resides 
iu  Washington (Mty;  Alice  T.  married  Xathaniel 
II.  Hird,  and  they  reside  in  Portland;  Edwin 
M.  resides  at  Coos  Bay  and  is  a  boat-builder; 
Henry  P.  is  with  his  mother  on  her  farm;  <mi:) 
the  youngest,  Ella,  also  resides  with  her  nujtli.r. 

Mr.  Talbot  died  in  187-1:.  He  was  a  man  oi' 
high  integrity  of  character  and  enjoyed  the  re- 
respect  of  a  wide  circle  of  friends.  Mrs.  Talbot 
retaing  her  vitality  in  r  remarkable  degree  and 
is  strong  and  hearty.  She  has  the  respect  of 
the  pioueers  of  the  State  and  of  all  who  have  the 
hoiujr  of  knowino  her. 


fOIIN  W.  WISDOM,  a  prominent  farmer, 
horse-breeder  ami  druggist  of  this  county 
is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  was  born 
March  15,  1840,  in  Randolph  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  received  his  only  educationin  the  lit- 
tle log  schoolhouse  in  his  native  cminly.  He 
started  out  in  life  with  the  idea  of  making  of 
himself  a  good  fanner,  and  to  this  end  he  rented 
land,  began  to  put  into  practice  those  rules  of 
agriculture  which  his  boyhood  on  the  farm  had 
taught  liim  were  the  true  ones,  and  continued  in 
the  same  place  until  he  had  reached  his  twenty- 
second  bii'tl'ilay. 

Across  the  plains  to  Oregon  would  now  mean 
but  a  plejisant  journey  taken  with  luxurious 
ease,  but  in  the  day  that  he  made  the  journey 
it  was  a  very  different  matter.  When  he  de- 
cided to  make  the  tri[),  like  a  good  son  he 
visited  his  parents  fn  Trenton,  Missouri,  to  bid 
them  farewell,  after  which  he  and  his  com- 
panions started  on  the  long  journey,  landing 
(where  is  mjw  located)  Baker  City,  Oregon, 
September  f),  1802.  Here  our  subject  pitelied 
his  tetit,  deciding  that  he  had  moveil  far  enoui'h 
westward,  but  the  most  of  his  companions  de- 
cided to  move  farther  ou  iis  there  were  no  set- 
tlements made  in  the  valley  at  thai  \\nw.  Hero 
Mr.  Wisdom  remained  untd  the  spring  of  1803, 
when  lie  went  to  the  mines  iii  Idaho,  where  he 


iiisrniir  or  Diinooy 


SAI 


roiiiiiiiied  until  fjill.  At  tliis  time  liis  parents 
came  on  from  Misst.iiri  ami  .•'to|i])('(l  in  IJoise 
City-  From  this  city  they  went  into  the  mines 
and  scaiclied  tor  their  -on  until  they  t'oinid  him. 
lie  then  accompanied  his  father  hack  to  liaker 
county,  in  I'owder  river  valley,  and  t>ur  snhject 
located  his  parents  there  on  a  tine  tract  of 
land,  while  he  eniraged  in  teaininij;  from  Uma- 
tilla to  Hoise  Citv,  keeping  it  up  from  1804  to 
186(5. 

In  18(37  Mr.  Wisdom  went  into  the  drns; 
bu.siness  in  Maker  City,  in  wliich  callini^  he  has 
since  continued,  havinir  a  very  tine  stock  of 
drugs  and  a  very  extensive  trade.  When  Mr. 
Wisdom  oaine  to  Oroiron  he  possessed  jnst 
$6.75,  after  purchasing  winter  supples  at  the 
Dalles.  lie  bought  a  pair  of  hoots  for  SC)  and 
had  to  |)ay  a  ferry  cliarp;e  hack  to  Piaker  county, 
which  consumed  his  sc\enty  five  cents,  thus  he 
was  left  jjenniless,  and  as  may  he  innii;ineil,  lias 
worked  hard  to  accumulate  what  he  now  ])os- 
Ki'sses.  In  time  he  houj^ht  a  stock-farm,  tour 
miles  from  Baker  City,  which  place  he  slocked 
with  hlooded  liorses,  principally  trotters,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  largest  hlooded  stock-hreoders 
in  the  county.  At  the  head  of  liis  stud  is 
Chailenger  l,()fi4.  lie  has  a  mile  race-track, 
with  three  large  harns,  wliere  liealvvays  keeps  the 
finest  horses  in  the  county,  some  of  them  hav- 
ing a  fine  record.  Bellenger,  one  of  tiiose,  is  a 
full  brother  to  Procrastination  (2:29),  brother  in 
blood  to  Trumpeter,  time  2:30^.  Although 
Bellenger  has  not  l)een  worked  t'oi'  speed  he 
has  shown  a  full  mile  in  2:36.  He  also  bred 
fJhallenger  Chief,  2:21.  It  is  worth  anyone's 
time  to  visit  Mr.  Wisdom's  farm  and  see  what  lie 
has  accomplisheil  there  l)y  close  attention  to 
business.  lie  is  considered  a  very  useful  man 
in  Baker  county  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  all 
who  know  hitn.  His  fine  residence  cost  him 
lO.OtiO. 

The  father  of  our  ••■ubject,  Thomas  B.  Wis- 
dom, was  horn  June  26,  1814,  in  Kentucky, 
but  moved  to  Misaoeri  at  an  early  day.  In 
18()3  he  came  from  (i  undy  county,  four  miles 
north  of  Trenton,  MisLOuri,  to  Oregon,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  I.ucinda  Gess,  March  22,  1836.  She  was 
born  in  Kentukcy,  July  21,  1820,  and  died  in 
February.  1865.  "  They  had  been  the  pirents  of 
twelve  children,  seven  boys  and  five  girls,  of 
which  family  our  subject  was  the  sec  )nd  child. 
James  T.  is  living  in  Baker  City;  Georgf  W. 
is  a  farmer  in  I'owder  river  vallev;  M.  D.  is  in 


the  real-estate  .'ind  trotting  horse  breeding  busi 
ness  in  Portland;  W.  .M.  is  a  druggist   in    I'orl 

land,   while  J.    1).   is  a  bookkeeper  in  the  sii 

city;  Sarah  niftrried  M'\  Carscui  ami  lives  in 
Lane  county;  and  the  lather  at  the  a;,'e  of 
seventy-eight  is  living  with  his  son,  James,  in 
Baker  (.'ity. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  .Fune,  18()8,  to 
Miss  Mary  Sturgill,  who  was  born  in  Ivansas, 
in  1853.  lier  father.  John  iSturgill,  was  one 
of  the  pioneiM's  of  Kansas,  having  moved  there 
in  the  early  days  before  the  troubles  on  the 
border,  lit^  died  in  that  Slater  while  Mrs.  Wis- 
dom was  small.  She  has  one  sister  now  living 
in  Union  county,  t)regon.  The  family  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wisdom  consists  of  the  following  chil- 
dren; Fannie  K.,  Vesper  A.,  Loys  W.,  Mabi'l, 
Glen  A.,  J.  W.,  Jr.,  and  James  Merton,  the 
latter  the  son  of  his  lirother  whom  Mi'.  Wis- 
dom has  reared.  All  of  thesi-  children  are  liv- 
ing at  home. 

Mr.  Wisdom's  constituents  have  shown  their 
appreciation  of  his  worth  by  making  him  their 
Representative  at  various  times.  In  1874  ho 
was  elected  State  Senator  from  Baker  county, 
which  position  he  held  four  years.  In  1880,  he 
was  electetl  a  delegate  to  the  National  Demo- 
cratic Convention,  held  at  (!iiu'innati,  Ohio,  at 
which  convention  the  great  soldier,  Windeld 
Scott  Hancock,  was  nominated  standard  bearer 
of  the  ])arty.  Since  then  Mr.  Wisdom  has  re- 
tired from  further  aspiration  in  a  ptditical  way, 
confining  himself  to  his  business  and  tlie  pleas- 
ures of  home. 


: ALTER  E.  JACOBS,  junior  partner  of 
the  Ashland  Roller  Flouring  Mill,  was 
born  in  Maine,  April  7,  1852,  a  son  of 
Kl)un  1^.  and  Emily  P.  (McKinney)  Jacobs,  also 
native.-  of  Mi.ine.  They  are  of  English  extrac- 
tion, and  their  ancestors  were  early  settlers  of  that 
State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacobs  were  the  parents 
of  five  children,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the 
third  child.  The  family  removed  to  Hudson, 
Wisconsin,  in  1855,  where  young  W.ilter  was 
reareil  and  educated.  He  removed  to  i'liyallup, 
Washington,  in  1887,  purchased  property,  which 
he  still  owns,  and  was  engaged  in  hop  raising 
about  four  years.  His  parents  removed  to  that 
State  two  years  later,  where  they  still  reside. 
Mr.  Jacobs  came  to  Ashland  in  1891,  |)urcha9ed 


1       '*WV! 


Hf"  — 


'iryi 


IlIHTOliY    (IK    OBEQON. 


hi ' 


;i| 

h  ; 

M  r 

I 

III 

1  1 

1 

! 

!' 

i 

tl  (;  mill  |»ro])(!i'ty  hikI  Ix-iran  ojici-iitiuii.  'V\\\a 
old  liiiiilmark  was  crectcii  in  1S54,  by  A.  1). 
Ilelliiiaii  and  liiii  assoeiates,  at  a  i-ost  of  sl5,()00. 
'I'lie  |iro[)(!i-ty  has  cliaiioiMl  hands  several  times 
since,  anil  Nnveniher  1,  l"i«i:i,  became  the  estate 
(if  Messrs.  .lucoiis  it  Virf^in,  and  they  have 
made  si^veral  <diaM;/es  and  inijjPuvemeiits.  The 
mill  is  rnn  hy  water  power.  an<l  the  overshot 
wheel  has  lieen  chanifed  to  the  more  modern 
and  eeonomical  seveiiteen-incli  turbine,  with 
thirty  two  foot  |)ressiire,  also  annexing  a  large 
titorehiiuse  on  one  eiile  and  wareroom  on  the 
otlier.  The  various  changes  necessitated  an  out- 
lay of  some  ^2.S()0.  The  mill  has  a  large  trade, 
and  reaches  South  as  far  as  Uedding,  California, 
besides  su|)])lyini;  the  surroundinj;  counties  and 
mining  settlements. 

»\[r.  Jacobs  was  married  Iti  Wisconsin,  Octo- 
ber 28,  188'),  to  Miss  Ida  0.  Smith,  a  native  of 
that  >Stafe.  Thoy  have  an  interestiuij  family  ot 
tliree  children;  (-teorjiiana  M.,  Eva  M.  and 
Trixey  1'.  Politically,  our  subject  attiliates 
with  the  Republican  j)arty. 


ILLIAM  W.  G  R  (MI  A  M,  an  honored 
J  Oreifon  jiioneer  of  1847,and  an  esteemed 
i*"Si^  farmer  of  Washington  county,  is  horn 
in  Mc.Nary  county,  Tennessee,  Novemt)er  7, 
1821.  Ilis  father,  David  (iraliam.  was  a  native 
of  Xortli  Carolina,  who  married  Miss  Margaret 
Parks,  a  native  of  the  same  State.  The  ances- 
tors of  both  families  emigrated  from  Scotland  to 
Ireland,  and  from  there  to  the  colonies  in  Amer- 
ica. Six  children  were  born  to  them  in  Tennes- 
see, and  when  our  subject  was  six  years  old  the 
family  removed  to  Indiiiua.  where  they  resided 
two  years;  and  then  to  Illinois,  where  the  par- 
ents rermiined  until  death. 

In  1838  our  sr.oject  removed  to  southwest 
Missouri,  and  remained  there  five  years,  working 
by  the  month,  receiving  $10  wages  per  month, 
and  fifty  cents  |)er  day.  From  there  he  went  to 
Wisconsin,  but  in  1841  removed  to  low^a, 
where  he  took  uj)  160  acres  of  (Toveriiineut 
laud.  Me  was  married  .Viignst  26,  184(5,  to 
Miss  Catherine  Marion,  a  imtive  of  Tennessee, 
born  September  15,  1826,  daughter  of  Samuel 
Clarion.  The  April  following  the  marriage  they 
started  with  ox  tean>s  to  make  the  long  journey 
across  tlie  plains  to  Oregon,  a  single  brother  of 
Mr.  (Tr;\liani  cominy;  \vith  them.  They  experi- 
enced the  trials  and  privations   incident   to  the 


journey  with  ox  teams  across  the  plains.  Al- 
though they  started  on  the  2t!th  of  Aj)ril,  they 
did  not  arrive  at  Vancouver  until  the  7th  of 
November.  Mrs.  (rraham  came  down  the  river 
it)  the  bout,  while  Mr.  (iraham  drove  the  stock 
along  the  bank.  While  they  had  only  a  tent 
for  a  shelter,  winter  came  on  and  Mr.  Graham 
was  takiMi  down  with  the  measles  and  cam|) 
fever,  and  until  he  recovered  from  these  he  was 
not  able  to  build  even  the  little  shanty  he  after- 
ward put  up,  hence  their  lirst  winter  in  Oregon 
was  very  uncomfortable  and  they  sutt'ered  a 
great  deal.  In  the  spring,  Mr.  Graham  came 
out  to  where  IJeaverton  now  is  and  engaged  in 
work,  hut  in  the  same  spring,  1849,  our  subject 
left  his  wife  at  Oregon  City  and  went  to  the 
gold  diggings  in  California,  and  mined  on  the 
middle  fork  of  the  American  river.  He  ob- 
tained some  gold  here,  his  largest  day's  work 
being  wortli  ^83.  In  August  of  that  year  he 
returned  to  his  wife,  bringing  his  gold  dust  with 
him,  and  then  took  up  the  d(jnation  claim  on 
which  he  has  since  resided.  Here  he  built  a 
little  log  house  in  the  forest  and  began  the  life 
of  an  ()regon  farmer.  On  his  640  acres  he 
worked  hard  and  his  industry  was  rewarded 
with  prosperity.  As  the  years  went  by  he  be- 
came the  owner  of  a  very  valuable  farm.  Tiie 
date  of  his  location  on  the  place  was  November, 
1849,  and  here  Mr.  Graham  built  a  sawmill 
and  conducted  it  \n  connection  with  his  farm 
for  a  number  of  years,  running  it  until  181)8. 
The  log  house  had  given  away  in  the  meantime 
to  the  substantial  frame  house  of  the  well-to-do 
agriculturist.  Mr.  Graham  has  added  to  his 
income  by  buying  and  selling  land,  and  also  by 
loaning  Ins  surplus  money.  All  his  life  in 
lolitics  he  has  been  a  stanch  Democrat  and 
las  tak(Mi  a  great  deal  of  interest  in  county 
affairs,  his  ability  and  judgment  being  so  appre- 
ciated by  his  party  that  they  madc^  him  their 
candidate  for  County  Commissioner.  This  did 
not  result  in  his  election  as  his  party  was  in  the 
minority,  although  he  received  a  tiattering 
vote.  On  August  25,  1861,  their  only  child 
was  liorn  to  them,  wlnuri  they  named  William 
P.  To  this  son  they  have  given  good  educa- 
tional advantages  and  ho  has  always  resided 
with  his  parents,  although  in  1888  he  married. 
The  lady  of  his  choice  was  Mrs.  M.  Cox.  a  na- 
tive of  Iowa,  born  in  186,3,  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Calvin  Kaiser.  Mr.  (iraham  and  son  arc  carry- 
ing on  general  farming,  and  have  a  large  and 
paying  hop  yard.     The  subject  of   our  sketch 


m 


iiiaTORY  OF  uiiKdoy. 


3i» 


liiio  iimilf  it  ^(iip(l  icconl  ill  Ori'ifoii,  Imviiig  liouii 
one  of  tliu  firs';  S(^ttlers  in  tlm  suction,  in  vviiicli 
lie  iiHs  iiice  resided.  He  is  a  tlioroiif/hlj  well- 
inl'ornied  iimii,  and  kind  and  oi)lii{ing  to  his 
neighbors,  ninong  wlioin  he  lias  a  reputation  for 
sterling  honesty,  and  no  words  (jf  ours  could 
give  him  a  better  reputation. 


M.  WILLIAMS,  an  entprj)rising  resident 
of  Kugene,  was  born  iiiGreeiibriercounty, 
f»  AVest  Virginia,  September  1-t,  ]>i3<J. 
His  parents.  Klijah  and  Klizabetli  (Iledrick) 
Williams,  were  natives  of  the  same  county,  and 
there  their  ancestors  had  resided  since  the  early 
settlement  of  the  country.  Mr.  Williams  re- 
ceived his  earliest  iustrinttioii  in  Virginia,  and 
completed  his  education  in  Ohio,  where  he  took 
the  place  of  an  educator  at  the  age  df  eighteen 
years. 

He  enlisted  in  the  service  of  the  United  States 
at  llaym.irsvilie,  Ohio,  in  lanuary,  18t]2,  be- 
coming a  member  of  ('om))any  1,  Forty-eif^hth 
Ohio  \''  hintecr  Infantry.  (Jolonel  Sullivan  in 
command;  the  regiment  was  sent  tu  the  l)e|)art- 
ment  of  Tennessee,  and  the  first  engagement 
was  at  Shiloh;  after  this  battle  Mr.  Williams 
was  taken  seriously  ill,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  December,  after  which  he  returned 
to  his  home.  He  was  married  at  llaymorsville, 
Ohio,  October  8,  18(iU,  to  Miss  Sarah  \i.  Thomp- 
son, ami  with  the  pirlial  recovery  of  his  health 
he  resumed  school  teudiing;  he  followed  tiie 
profession  in  the  public  schools  of  Ohio,  Iowa 
and  Nebraska  until  the  spring  of  1880.  At  this 
period  he  took  up  agricultural  pursuits  in  Fre- 
mont county,  Iowa,  but  four  years  later  removed 
to  Dawson  county.  Nebraska,  where  ho  con- 
tinued the  same  occupation  until  1887.  lie 
next  embarked  in  the  mercantile  trade  at  Cozad. 
Nebraska,  and  operated  a  store  until  1880,  sell- 
ing out  in  that  year.  Soon  after  making  this 
cliange  he  came  to  Oregon,  and  surveying  the 
country  from  Fuget  sound  to  Sacramento,  he 
locatiul  at  Fiigeiic  where  he  l)uilt  a  factory  and 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  shingles;  after 
otio  year,  however,  he  sold  out,  and  began  to 
establish  a  real-estate  business,  handling  all 
elasse-  of  insurance,  loaning  money,  and  per- 
forming the  duties  of  a  Notary  Public,  having 
Iteeii  appointed  to  this  office  in  1890. 

Ml'  Williams  resides  at  the  corner  of  Twelfth 
and  QilliHrd  streets,  where  lie  [lurchased  a  home 

16 


in  1880.  lie  and  hir-  wife  have  reared  a  family 
of  four  children;  Carrie.  .John  K-.-Jaine-  A.  and 
Nellie  F. 

For  twenty-two  years  Mr.  William-  lia^  been 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  firet  joining 
Bethel  !,odge.  No.  01,  at  Hethel.  Ohio;  now  a 
member  of  Kugene  City  Lodge.  No.  11.  A.  F  ii 
A.  M.;  he  is  also  a  member  of  J.  W.  (tcarv 
Post,  No.  7,  (i.  A.  It.,  and  at  the  present  time 
fills  the  ofKce  of  Commander.  This  is  the  second 
Post  in  the  State  in  point  of  numbers  outside 
the  city  of  Portlan<l.  having  111  memlMTs  in 
good  standing.  i'oliti<-ally,  our  subject  is  iden- 
tified with  the  liepublican  party,  liaving  ca«t  his 
first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in  ISOO.  In 
his  religious  faith  he  has  JKjen  a  con.iinteiit 
Methodist  since  his  fourteenth  year. 


— -^••^^-^ 


11  E  CO  M  M  E  KC  I  A  L  NATIONAL 
HANK  of  P(jrtlan"l.  Oregon,  was  organ- 
ized on  .lanuary  1,  1880,  with  a  "-apital 
stock  of  ^100,000.  Two  years  later,  the  stock 
was  increased  to  !pl5(>.O00.'  In  May.  1^01.  the 
capitiil  stock  was  again  increased,  tin-  time  to 
§250,000  surplus  and  profits  *17.j,(K)0.  it*  de- 
posits being  >il,()82.'.ii8.70  and  itt>  total  re- 
sources being.  82,155,807.99. 

Such  figures  explain  themselves,  and  show  a 
wonderful  and  successful  l>usine«s  care«'r  of 
only  five  years,  and  also  shows  the  popularity 
of  the  bank,  and  the  estimate  that  itn  |>atruns 
have  of  it  and  its    management. 

The  officers  are:  D.  P.  Thoinpson.  president: 
Frank  Delnini,  vice-president;  U.  L.  Durham. 
cashier;   F    I].  Langford,  assistant  cashier. 

^t^-^ 

tON.  DAVID  P.  THOMPSON,  one  of  the 
representative  business  men  of  Portland,  is 
a  native  of  (3hio.  He  was  born  .Novem- 
ber 8,  18.S4,  and  nineteen  years  later,  in  1853, 
came  to  Oregon.  He  began  business  in  Ore- 
gon (Jity,  where  he  remained  for  twenty  years. 
being  engaged  in  surveying.  He  ma'le  most 
of  the  surveys  of  Oregon,  Washington  and 
Idaho.  He  was  Territorial  (rovernor  of  Maho 
ill  1870,  resigning  that  position  to  come  to 
Portland  to  engage  in  general  banking,  fie 
was  president  of  the  Oregon  Coiisf ruction  Co-.n- 
pany.  that  built  a  large  portion  of  tlie  line  of  the 
Oregon  Ilailroad   ^^^vig.'^tion  Company,    which 


ji-' 


r 


854 


nrsTORY    OF    OREGON. 


'    III 


i: 


l-l 

ii 


oHico     luf  lilli!il   fur    yciii's.      Iltv    scrvud    in  tlic 
Fii'isi   Uufjiirit'iit    of  Oruf^oii     Voliiiiteuib    fi'oiii 
1801  until  the  closi^  of  the  war,  sit  first  as  I.iuii- 
teiiaiit  of  C;()iii]iaiiy  K.  later  heinj,'  jiroinoted   to 
the  (.'aptaiiK^y  (if  tliu  ('(impatiy,  >erviiij,'   in  that 
(•nnai'itv  for  two  yuart-.      He  was    eliM'teil  prcsi- 
ilent  of   the     I'ortlaml    Havini^s   i'aiilv,   serving 
from    18S0   until  188(').   When  the  Coniinerciai 
National  IJank   was  oriranizeti,  lie    resigneil.  to 
take  the  pref>iilency  of  the  latter  institution,  and 
was  elected    \  i('e-|iresident  of  the  Sav'ini;s  Bank, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  lie  was  nominated 
liy  the  UcjiuliliciiM  party,  and  elected  to  the  State 
Senate.  .s(.'rvini,'  from  ISOS  until  1S72.     He  was 
a  niemher  of  the  House  in  1878  and    187!'  and 
also  in  1888  and    18flO.      In  the  latter  year,  he 
was  nominated  for  Oovernor  of  the    State,  but 
was    defeated.      He    has    twice    hcen     elected 
Mayor  of  the  city  of    I'ortland.      He  iuis  been 
enijaired  in    many    business   enter|)rise8    in  the 
city  and  State,  among  which  is  the  Willamette 
Falls  Electric     liight    (;oin])any.      lie  is    vice- 
president    of  the  Oregon   llailroad   Navigation 
i'ompany,  and  for  several  years  president  of  the 
Anderson  Stock    Company;    president   of    the 
Farmers'  and  Traders'  Hank  of  Pnllmaii,  Wash- 
ington,   and    liank    of  .lohnston,    Washington, 
and  a  director  in  various  other  banks  of  Oregon 
and  Washington.      He  has  been   a    member    of 
the  School  I'oard    of  the  city  for  the  past  eight 
years,  and  president  of   the  Portland   Husiness 
College.     He  was  one  of  the  Blaine  I'residental 
Electors  in  1884,  and   has  just  received    an  ap- 
pointment as  Minister    to    Turkey,    for  which 
position  his  accjuaintanccs  regard   liiin  as  well 
(pmlified. 

He  was  married  in  18151  to  Miss  Mary  R. 
Meldruni.  and  they  hav(^  threi.  children;  Ualpli, 
a  son,  and  two  daughters.  Beetle  M.  and  (xen- 
eviva. 

Mr.  Thompson  has  built  several  blocks  in  the 
city.  He  is  an  iiotive  business  man,  very  quick 
in  his  decisions,  accurate  in  judgment,  and  lib- 
ci'al  in  his  methods;  he  is  full  of  business  en- 
terprise and  push.  In  contemplating  the  busi- 
ness men  of  I'ortland,  the  source  of  its  impetus 
and  cause  of  its  phenouienal  prosperity  is  read- 
ily discernible. 

— '^■m-M^'^ — 

|[i  r  M  A  N  S.  woo  D.  a  citizen  of  Weston. 
9T^  I'matilhi  county,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
•jjp*  CHnton  eountv,  .New  S'ork,  August  17, 
1837,  being  the  son  of  Nathaniel   Wood,  a  na- 


tive of  Vermont.  Tin.'  latter  was  married  to 
Miss  Alametla  Cochrane,  also  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, living  at  (iraiid  Isle,  where  the  marriage 
occurred.  Nathaniel  removed  to  Xew  Vork  in 
183-1.  and  to  Iowa  in  IS-tfi,  when  that  State  was 
a  wild  country.  He  carried  on  farming  there 
until  1857,  when  he  removed  to  Minnesota, 
wluu-e  he  died  in  1875,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
eight,  his  wife  following  him  to  the  grave  the 
ne.xt  year,  at  the  age  of  seventy-three.  They 
wore  the  par(<nts  of  ten  children,  our  subject 
being  the  seventh,  who,  with  four  other.'',  are 
now  living. 

Our  subject  received  his  schooling  in  Iowa, 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Minnesota  and  re- 
nniined  with  them  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 
First  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Regiment,  Min- 
nesota Infantry,  in  which  lie  served  three  years 
and  was  discharged.  At  the  expiration  of  that 
enlistment  he  entered  the  First  Minnesota 
Heavy  Artillery,  serving  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  discharged  at  the  close  of  the 
war,  liaving  seen  four  years  of  service,  and  es- 
caped without  a  scratch  or  having  been  taken 
prisoner,  .something  unusual,  in  view  of  tho 
many  battles  in  which  he  was  engaged. 

Mr.  Wood  was  in  the  very  front  throughout, 
having  participated  in  eight  hard-fought  battles, 
besides  any  number  of  skirmishes  and  smaller 
battles,  the  most  notable  engagements  being 
Bull  Run,  Ball's  Bluff.  Siege  of  Yorktown,  An- 
tietam,  Fredericksburg.  Chancellorsville,  Gettys- 
burg and  Bristow.  During  the  first  three  years 
he  was  a  private,  but  at  the  time  of  his  second 
enlistment  was  made  First  Sergeant  and  was 
finally  honorably  discharged,  with  the  record  of 
an  earnest,  brave  and  true  soldier. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  May,  1867,  to 
Miss  Frances  (\  Lansdale,  a  native  of  Ohio, 
who,  as  has  been  said  of  all  the  gii'ls  of  the 
Buckeye  State,  had  a  warm  place  in  her  heart  for 
the  brave  defenders  of  her  country.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  A.  H.  and  Mary  C.  Lansdale, 
natives  of  Maryland  and  Ohio,  respectively, 
who  removed  to  Minnesota  before  the  war. 
Mr.  Wood  lived  in  Minnesota  until  1808,  when 
he  went  to  Iowa  and  farmed,  in  the  western 
part  of  that  State,  until  187~,  when  he  emi- 
grated to  AVeaton,  Umatilla  county,  Oregon, 
which  has  been  his  home  ever  since.  He  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Weston,  in  1878,  dur- 
ing the  administration  of  President  Hayes,  and 
has  hail  the  honor  of  Imlding  it  t^ver  since;  his 
service  being  so  .satisfactory  that  the  Democrats 


fci 


-■'.ti 


/Iisni/ty    OF    itiiKdoN. 


dill  not  wisli  for  a  cliango  iliiriiig  the  acliiiistra- 
tioii  of  I'ru.sideiit  Clcvelaiicl. 

In  connoetion  witli  tlif  ])ost  olHce  he  has  a 
stationery  ami  insiiraiicu  hiisiiicss,  and  the  three 
i^ive  liiin  anij)le  einploymeiit.  He  lia>  ten  acres 
of  very  valuable  land  near  Milton,  which  he  is 
preparini^  to  set  to  fruit,  besides  other  valuable 
town  property  at  Weston,  inchulini^  his  resi- 
dence. 

\rr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  arc  the  pai'ents  of  five 
children,  namely;  Kdith.  the  eldest,  a  bright 
and  lovinir  daughter,  who  died  in  1S88,  aged 
nineteen  years;  Clark,  employed  on  the  report- 
ial  staff  of  the  East  Oregonian,  at  Pendleton; 
Eva  \j.  and  H.  f^.  S.,  twins;  and  A.  L.  The  last 
three  live  at  home  with  their  parents. 

Mr.  Wood  is  a  mtiiiber  of  Neirley  Post,  No. 
4o,  of  Weston,  being  Past  Ooininander.  lie 
is  also  a  Worshipful  Masl^er  of  the  Masonic 
lodije.  No.  08,  of  Weston,  haviuij  held  that 
otKcc  for  five  years.  In  politics  he  is  a  ll(?pnb- 
lican  and  strong  in  his  allegiaii"e  to  that  party. 

iKOItUE  W.  ilOUCK,  a  jjrominent  farmer 
and  stock-grower  of  Henton  county,  has 
been  connected  with  the  best  interests  and 
development  of  this  section  of  the  Willamette 
valley  since  185().  In  all  his  business  relations 
he  has  been  very  successful,  engaging  in  stock- 
raising  since  1874,  makinga  speciality  of  sheep, 
goats  and  cattle.  His  son,  (ieorge,  is  associated 
with  him,  and  they  own  a  large  tract  of  laiul, 
located  near  Monroe,  Henton  county,  and  some 
1,800  acres  ailjacont  in  Lane  county.  Mr. 
llouck's  individual  property  consists  of  100 
acres  of  land,  near  Corvallis,  which  is  the  home 
property.  Si.\  acres  of  orchard  and  one  acre  of 
young  prune  trees  further  improve  the  place, 
which  is  one  of  the  fliu'st  in  that  section.  He 
also  owns  .500  acres  id'  land  near  Monroe,  100 
acres  of  which  is  devoted  to  grain-growing  and 
the  remainder  is  in  |)asture  and  timber.  On 
this  land  Mr.  llouck  has  an  undeveloped  quarry 
of  unlimited  (juantity.  The  ^tone  is  a  dark 
granite  in  hue  and  withstands  the  attacks  of 
heat,  cold  and  dampness,  witliout  oi'umbling, 
takes  a  high  palish,  and  for  monuments,  as  well 
as  for  building  purposes,  probably  is  not  snr 
passed  in  the  entire  United  States.  The  quarry 
is  located  some  twenty  miles  sontliwest  of  Cor- 
vallis. 


In  pastyears  Mr.  llouck  has  been  prominently 
identitied  with  the  business  circles  of  Corvallis. 
He  engagetl  in  the  liijuor  business  an<l  did  a 
heavy  business  from  1S71  to  1874,  and  he  ami 
his  son  carried  on  a  mercantile  business  until 
they  were  li!)rm;d  out  in   1884. 

I'ho  subject  of  this  sketch  w;is  born  in  Mana- 
yunk,  i'ennsylvania,  January  'I'l,  18)50,  but  was 
reared  in  Seneca  county,  Ohio.  His  parents, 
John  and  Margaret  (Kutz)  Ilouck.  W(U-e  natives 
of  0(!imany,  who  came  to  AuKM'ica  in  1828. 
Our  subject  was  the  tiftli  in  the  family  of  seven 
children  born  to  tlmse  parents.  When  a  young 
man  he  learned  the  shoemakers'  trade,  and  came 
to  California,  via  Panama,  in  1852,  by  steamers 
•'Ohio"  and  "Northerner,"  res])ci!tively.  Ho 
engaged  in  mining  in  Shasta  and  Trinity  coun- 
ties until  18")(),  l)eing  fairly  successful.  He  in- 
invested  his  earnings  in  farm  property  ami  stock 
upon  his  arrival  in  Oregon,  and  this  |)roperty 
has  bcfcn  added  to  until  be  is  one  of  the  largest 
land  owners  in  this  section  of  country.  In  1884 
Mr.  Ilouck  was  elected  County  Commissioner, 
serving  two  years. 

Mr.  Ilouck  was  married  in  BentoTi  county 
July  22,  1858,  to  Miss  Deliah  Young,  wlm 
crossed  the  plains  from  Missouri  with  her  j)ar- 
ents  in  1847.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilouck  are  the  par- 
ents of  si.x  children,  three  deceased,  namely: 
Margaret  K.,  who  died  in  1800;  John  F.,  in 
1871,  and  Agnes  A.,  in  1884.  Those  living 
are:  Jesse  J.,  George  A.  and  Linn   A. 

In  political  matters  iMr.  Ilouck  is  a  stanch 
Democrat,  and  lie  and  his  family  are  earnest 
members  of  the  Catholic  Church. 


>(J\.  F.  M.  JOHNSON,  a  widely  and  fav- 
orably known  public  man  and  an  esteemed 
citizen  of  Corvallis,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
Mra'lford  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  21,  1841. 
His  parents  wore  Charles  P.  and  Margaret  (Cole) 
Johnson,  natives  of  Massachuetts  and  Co?inccti- 
ciit,  respectively.  The  father  was  born  in  New 
Bedford,  and  bis  father.  Captain  Hoswell  John- 
son, was  a  native  of  Wales,  and  was  a  jti'ominent 
seafaring  man. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  eldest  of  four 
children,  of  whom  he  is  the  sole  survivor,  the 
others  having  died  when  young.  The  Hrst  ten 
years  of  his  life  were  passeil  in  his  native  coun- 
ty, when  he  removed  to  Potter  county,  where  ho 


350 


lllSTour    (IF    (lltKGOX. 


!'  !  ! 


iittumlcil  >c;l ')ij1,  CDiiijilt'tiiiM;  his  LMliii'iitioii  iit  the 
IMyssc.^  Aciuleiiiv  of  that  cipiiiity. 

His  lifi'  thus  |iii^H<;il  (jiiictly  iiiiil  hupjiily,  liii'l- 
inii  hiin  hiihh'il  with  coiicri'iiiii!  niusiiits,  wlien 
lie  wiiK  stui'tiiMl  hy  the  civil  coiitli(!t,  wiiich  shook 
our  conu'.ry  t'ruiii  center  to  circiiinfurence.  In 
18'il  ho  enlisted  us  a  private  in  Oonipariy  11  of 
th(^  Tliirii  Michif^'iin  (Rivalry,  shortly  al'terwanl 
beinji  pi'imioted  to  the  rank  of  a  non-coinniis- 
sioneil  iillicer,  ami,  on  account  of  (lisahility,  was 
(lischari;;e(l  iluriiijf  the  same  year. 

After  his  retirerniuit  from  the  army  he  en- 
f{ageil  in  teaching;  in  Madison,  Ohio,  where  he 
lemained  for  a  year,  lie  then  returned  to  Pot- 
ter eoun  ,  where  he  folhiwed  merchandisinjtr  for 
a  time;  later,  hecominir  principal  of  Ulysses 
Academy  of  that  county,  iti  which  capacity  he 
acted  for  two  years.  He  then  studied  law  under 
the  aide  pr(!ceptorsliipof  the  Hon.  Isaac  Henson, 
an  eminent  lawyer  and  noted  politician.  In  1870 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  the 
])ractice  of  his  profession.  Th;.  next  year  he  re- 
nujved  to  Tekatnah,  Hurt  county,  Nebraska, 
wheie  he  practiced  law  for  eight  years.  During 
this  time  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
in  which  lu'  served  one  term,  lie  acted  for  a 
couple  of  years  as  Chairman  of  itepublican  State 
"Central  Committee,  and  in  all  these  capacities 
displayed  sujierior  ability  and  the  highest  integ- 
rity of  charactcu'. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  first  married  in  I'otter  coun- 
ty, Penn.sylvauia,  on  August  13,  1865,  to  Miss 
Celia  A.  Burtis,  a  native  of  the  Keystone  State, 
andadaughterof  the  Hon.  Judge  Woolsey  Hurtis. 
They  had  two  children:  Burtis  W. ;  and  Rose  M., 
now  the  wife  of  Milton  Xelmes,  of  San  Francis- 
co, California.  This  happy  marriage,  however, 
was  destnied  to  be  of  short  duration,  and  the 
faitliful  wife  and  devoted  mother  died  Decem- 
ber 4,  1871,  leaving  her  family  and  many  friends 
to  mourn  her  untimely  taking  away.  She  was 
a  lady  (jf  superior  attainments  and  retinement, 
and  possessed  many  charn.s  of  person  and  char- 
acter, and  was  greatly  endeared  to  all  who  knew 
her. 

While  residing  in  Neliraska  Mr.  Johnson 
was  married,  on  November  13,  1873,  to  Miss 
Fannie  A.  Ray,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native 
of  Illinois.  By  this  marriage  there  are  three 
children:  Marian  R..  Lucy  M.  and  Fannie  M. 

Politically,  Mr.  .lohnson  is  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican, although  not  active  in  politics,  his  time 
and   attention  lieing  absorbed  bv  his  numerous 


private  att'airs.      lie.  naturally,  takes  a  deep  in 
terest  in  eiliutational  matters,  and  is  ati  etiicien' 
member  of  the   Board  of   Trustees  of  the  city 
schools. 

lie  is  socially  a  prominent  and  esteemed 
member  of  the  (i.  .A.  R.,  Ellsworth  Post,  No.  I'J. 

Of  superior  intelligence,  rare  executive  abil- 
ity ainl  unerring  judgment,  combined  with  ex- 
alted ])robity  of  character  and  a  genial,  cordial 
disposition,  he  is  eminently  fitted  to  oecu})y  a 
j  rominent  position  in  the  world.  With  such 
knight  errants  of  brain  and  brawn  to  champion 
her  fair  cause,  what  wonder  that  the  beautiful 
State  of  Oregon  has  in  so  short  a  time  reached 
the  foremost  rank  among  the  glorious  Sister- 
hood. 


^*x< 


i-^i^^^f^^^i 


«*- 


fAMKS  SlMONT()N,of  Vansycle,  I'matilla 
county,  Oregon,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
Coast  country,  was  born  in  I'erry  c.jiinty, 
Pennsylvania,  May  4,  1831,  the  third  of  seven 
children,  lie  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Thomas  and 
Klizabeth  (Baxter)  Simonton,  both  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  removed  to  tJoliet,  Illinois, 
where  the  Doctor  practiced  his  profession,  who 
went  there  in  1850  and  died  there  four  years 
later,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years.  Mr. 
Simonton  lived  until  1872,  wdien  he  died  in 
Minnesota,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three  years. 

Our  subject  attended  the  common  schools  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  when  j]old  j  enough,  studied 
medicine  under  his  father,  but  never  attended 
lectures  at  any  medical  college;  hence  has  not 
attempted  to  practice  the  profession,  although 
he  has  done  the  ])racticing  [in  his  own  family. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  father  our  subject  had 
the  entire  care  of  his  mother  and  the  younger 
children.  He  removed  with  them  to  Minnesota, 
remaining  there  until  1862,  when,  having  con- 
cluded to  tiy  his  fortune  in  the  great  Northwest, 
he,  in  compariy  with  other  jnen  rigged  up  an 
ox  cart,  and  started  across  the  plains.  After 
a  toilsome  jourrjy  of  six  months  they  arrived 
in  British  Columbia,  and  lived  there  four  years. 
In  1860  he  wejit  to  Baker  City  and  engaged  in 
mining,  in  which  he  was  very  successful  as  long 
as  he  worked  the  placer  mines;  but  fortune  not 
coming  fast  enough  to  suit  liim  he  went  to 
quartz  mining  and  built  a  mill.  The  ore  proved 
of  little  value  and  he  soon  lost  all  he  had  made. 
Undismayed,  ho  workeil   in    the  mines  four- 


m 


4 


nitiTdUY    Oh'    nliKcnS 


357 


S 


ttion  yciirs.  liicii  went  tn  Wiilhi  Wiillii  viillcy  iiml 
l)()Ui,'lit  II  t'ai-iii,  wliicli  lie  ('(MMliicti'd  until  \HS\, 
when  lie  came  to  Uiiintillii  coiiiity,  and  tocik  n|) 
a  lioiiR'Htead  of  Itid  ncrus,  to  wliicli  lie  has  Hiiicc 
added  160  more,  liesities  niiniiig  some  stock, 
Ilia  avcraj^e  amiiial  croj)  of  grain  is  alioiit  200 
acres. 

Wiion  ill  crossini;  the  |)lain,s  iMr.  Simonton 
reiiclied  White  Lake,  !;e  traded  liin  ox  and  cart 
for  pack  horscrt  and  went  over  the  mountains 
that  way.  rjion  arriving  at  the  cache  of  ]{iish 
Tate  ilones,  a  tra])per  then  widely  known,  he 
turned  loose  hiw  horses, .  built  him  a  canoe  and 
floated  down  the  l'"raser  river  to  the  head 
of  navigation  on  riiis  river,  having  very 
little  trouble;  iiuleed  he  never  had  any  trouble 
to  speak  of  with  tiie  Indians,  as  he  preferred  a 
com|)roniise  to  iii^hting.  In  pa.saing  down  the 
river  his  provisions  gave  out  and  he  was  brought 
down  to  one  meal  of  half  rations  per  day,  but  did 
not  fare  as  ill  as  a  company  of  iive,  which  were 
belated,  three  of  wiiom  froze  to  death,  and  the 
other  two  subsisted  on  the  tlesh  of  their  dead 
comrades.  There  were  loO  in  company  when 
they  started,  but  hud  to  divide  u|)  in  small  com- 
panies on  account  ,;i  food  and  wa'er  being 
scarce,  all  of  whom  got  tiirongh  safe,  oxcept  the 
party  above  mentioned  and  two  otlu^rs  wlio  were 
drowned. 

When  he  arrived  in  Umatilla  Mr.  Simonton 
was  "broken  up"  financially,  being  $1,500  in  debt. 
I?uf  he  8ucce(Mled  so  well  in  farmintr  that  be  is 
out  of  debt,  has  a  good  farm  and  is  able  to  live 
at  his  ease.  He  has  always  lived  a  single  life 
and  is  inclined  to  continue  so,  declaring  he  is 
getting  too  old  to  think  of  marrying. 


W.  COX  LEV,  a  prominent  farmer  and 
stock-raiser  of  I'liion  county,  Oregon, 
^^  was  liorn  in  Nashville,  TtMinessee,  Jan- 
uary 11,  18;37,  the  seventh  child  of  Archibahl 
and  Anna  Coidey.  natives  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Conley  was  a  tanner  by  trade,  which  occupation 
he  followed  all  his  life.  When  a  young  man  be 
married  Miss  Anna  Harper,  a  native  of  North 
Carolina,  after  whicl-,  'veiit  ho  removed  to  Ten- 
nessee, lived  there  until  1840,  then  removed  to 
.lefferson  county,  Illinois,  where  he  followed 
his  trade  until  his  death,  in  l!s7li,  at  the  age  of 
eighty  years.  ,\[rs.  (>onley  died  in  ISdo,  aged 
sixty-Hvc  years.  They  reared  a  family  of  ten 
children,  all  of  whom   l)ut  two  are  still  living, 


jirctty  well  -ciitteicd  over  the  country,  one  bo- 
iiiir  in  Idaho,  one  in  <'allfornla.  one  in  Kansas, 
the  rcf-t  in  Illinois,  wilh  the  e\ception  of  our 
subject  ill  ( )regon. 

Oiir  subject  was  married  in  Illinois  to  Miss 
.IoImi  IIup]ier,  born  i:i  .letl'erson  county,  Illinois, 
.lanuaiv  Itl,  1S41.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
.loshiia  llopper,a  native  of  Tennessee  and  I'olly 
(Smith)  I  lojiper,  of  the  same  State.  Mrs.  Hop- 
per died  in  IM-l;?,  when  Mis.  Conley  was  but 
two  years  old,  leaving  four  children.  The  father 
of  Mrs.  Conley  died  in  1H(U,  at  the  age  of  tifty 
years,  and  now  Mrs.  Conley  lias  but  mio  sister 
and  she  lives  in   Illinois. 

Mr.  Conley  moved  to  lCaiisa>  in  1872,  re- 
mained there  two  yeai's,  but  his  mind  and  at- 
tention were  attracted  by  the  West,  and  in  1874 
he  fitted  up  four  wagons,  cfjuipj)ed  them  with 
outfits  for  travel  and  started  on  the  long  and 
perilous  journey  to  the  coast.  The  trip  was 
made  in  three  months,  they  coming  through 
almost  alone,  having  as  comiiaiiions  but  one 
family.  They  experienced  no  ill  fortune  and 
arrived  safe  in  (Iraude  Uonde  valley.  Mr. 
Conley  had  enough  money  to  purchase  040 
acres  of  land,  for  which  he  paid  sJ^.oC)  an  acre. 
Since  that  time  he  has  added  to  his  farm  until 
he  now  has  in  one  body  8,000  acres,  making  in 
length  along  the  road  by  bis  house  a  distance 
of  seven  and  one  half  miles.  All  of  this  land 
he  has  fenced  and  crossed  fenced,  divided  into 
pasture.-;  and  fields,  with  the  old  fashioned  rail 
fencing  and  has  given  employment  to  hundreds 
of  men  splitting  rails  and  making  fence.  In 
1802  4,000  acres  were  planted  to  wheat,  oats 
and  barley,  he  using  5.000  bushels  of  grain  to 
seed  the  land.  He  farms  all  this  land  himself, 
giving  employment  to  from  fifteen  to  seventy- 
tive  men  all  the  year  round.  Ho  has  houses  on 
different  portions  of  his  jaiui  and  endeavors  to 
employ  men  with  families.  He  has  one  black- 
smith employed  by  the  year.  Mr.  Conley  raises 
on  an  average  about  100,000  bushels  of  grain 
per  year,  keejjs  from  000  to  700  head  of  horses 
and  cattle  all  the  time  and  works  from  four  to 
twenty-four  head  of  horses  in  a  team  at  a  time, 
has  all  liis  own  reapers,  bindei's  and    threshers. 

Mr.  Conley  and  his  sons  have  some  very  tine 
imported  Clydesdale  horses,  one  mare  weighing 
over  1,800  pounds.  Tht^  value  of  his  land  is 
about  §30  ]ier  acre,  all  aniunil.  Ho  has  been 
very  successful  in  lite.  When  he  married  he  had 
two  horses  and  an  old  wagon,  liiit  he  says  that 
it  seems  as   if  everything   he  handles  turns  to 


i-ss 


niHTony  of  hhkoon. 


iiiiiiioy,  Mr.  (^<iiil(*_y  Ih  a  very  iinufsiiiiiiiif^  iiiHti, 
taki'H  tlu'  worlil  ciirtily,  is  iieviT  in  a  imrry,  i» 
^iMiiiii  ami  ]iiciiMiiit  ill  lii^<  iiiaiiiici-s  iiml  Ih  vnry 
liL'iit'vcili'iit;  altlu)ii<^li  iKit  a  ('liill'(;li  iik'iiiIiim',  Im 
always  ready  to  lu'lji  ciiiircli  wort;,  <'c)iitril)iitiiig 
vviiciiovor  (Niiis  are  iiiaile  upon  liiiii.  Tlio  Iniiiiiy 
of  tour  cliilreii  are  as  t'ollowti:  Matiide  CJoiiley 
Miller,  .1.  .!..  K.  K..  an<i  I'.  The  latter  is  yet 
with  hir>  tatiier  uiid  lias  taken  much  of  the 
iiiaiia^eiiii'iit  of  the  lari^ct  farm  into  hin  own 
liandn.  The  daiijjiiter  is  married,  as  are  the 
two  ol(l(M'  soiib.  An  interestiiii!;  incident  oeeur- 
red  at  one  time  while  his  two  son  and  wives 
were  liviiij^  with  him.  both  sons  became  fathers 
within  only  an  hour's  diU'erence  i.i  the  ages  ot' 
their  heirs.  The  grandfather  proposed  to  tliein 
that  as  they  were  so  near  to  l)eing  twins  that  if 
he  were  jiermitteil  to  name  the  balties  he  would 
f^ive  each  of  the  sons  40*)  acres  of  land  and  di- 
vide the  stock  i'(|iiallv  into  three  parts.  The 
sons  took  up  with  the  proposition  and  he  naiiuvl 
the  two  boys  "Mip"  and  "Tuck."  They  then 
went  out  and  drove  in  all  the  stock  of  about 
801)  head  and  commenced  the  division.  The 
oldest  son  took  the  first  choice,  the  second  son 
tlie  second  and  the  father  the  third. 

Mr.  Conley  never  had  a  lawsuit  in  his  life 
and  if  he  evei'  had  any  difliculty  he  always  set- 
tled it  if  he  coiiki  and  if  they  could  not  agree, 
called  in  iiciighbors  to  arbitrate,  lie  was  never 
in  partne'ship  with  any  one  in  his  life;  has  al- 
ways given  his  boys  a  good  chance,  permitting 
them  to  raise  stock  and  tiade  it  it  they  wished. 
The  son,  Frank,  although  only  twenty-one  years 
of  age  is  worth  !?5(),0()()  he  has  made  iiiinsolf. 
Mr.  (yonley  is  a  liepublican  in  politics,  and  has 
always  eiuleavored  to  live  a  peaceable  life,  say- 
ing that  lit!  could  not  aH'ord  to  have  any  enemies. 


^^ 


^\- 


I^ON.JOIIX  W.  (iUIM,  an  honored  Ore- 
^^  gon  pioneer  of  1847.  now  deceased,  was 
^^  born  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  , I  line  l(i,  1820. 
lie  was  of  (ierman  ancestors,  who  were  early  set- 
tlers in  the  State  of  Virginia.  The  names  of 
his  parents  were  .lacob  and  Martha  (Walker) 
(irini,  liotli  natives  of  Virginia,  who  removed 
to  Ohio  and  later  to  Illinois.  They  had  a 
family  of  eleven  children,  four  born  in  Ohio  and 
seven  in  Illinois.  The  father  di(;d  in  hiseicrht- 
ieth  year. 

Our  subject,  .John,  was   the   eldest  child  and 


WH8  eleven  years  of  ii^c  \\'\w\\  they  removcti  to 
Knox  county,  Illinois,  where  he  was  reared  to 
manhood  in  his  home  and  attended  the  common 
schools  taught  in  the  little,  log  schoolhoiise  in 
Ohio  and  afterward  in  Illinois.  Aiigii.-t  Iti, 
\H\ii,  111!  was  married  to  Miss  Frances  Kmaline 
(leer,  a  native  of  ( )hio,  born  September  10.  1021, 
the  daughter  of  Joseph  (J.  (ieer.  Three  chil- 
dren were  born  to  this  marriage:  lx)is,  15yron 
and  N[artlia,  and  with  his  little  family  our  sub- 
ject started  to  cross  the  plains  to  Oregon,  April 
7,  1847.  There  was  (|uite  a  company,  as  all  of 
the  family  of  Mrs.  (iriiii  came  along  I'.xcept  the 
two  oldest  bons  of  Mr.  (ieer,  who  had  preceded 
them.  Of  ('oiirse  the  journey  was  beset  with 
groat  danger,  but  they  met  with  no  inisfortuiie 
on  the  way  and  ariiveil  safely  at  I'Vench  I'rairie 
in  Marion  county. 

At  this  place  he  purchased  a  donation  claim 
of  (i4()  acres,  of  land,  jiaying  for  it  ^iiOO  and 
upon  this  property  he  bi^gan  the  life  of  the 
(Oregon  pioneer  and  resided  up(jn  this  property 
forty-four  years.  Here  he  laliored,  planteil  a  tine 
orchard  and  in  1852,  he  built  a  good  and  sub- 
stantial mansion,  the  one  in  which  the  family 
now  resides,  and  it  was  one  of  the  best  in  the 
State  when  it  was  built.  He  had  been  one 
year  only  in  the  State  when  gold  was  discov- 
ered ill  California  and  with  others  of  his  neigh- 
bors he  made  the  overland  trip  to  the  gold-dig- 
ings  of  California.  The  journey  was  made  with 
pack  animals  and  they  wcri  a  month  reaching 
tlieir  destination. 

This  journey  to  the  gold  niir.es  was  one  beset 
with  great  danger,  as  every  printed  record  of 
those  days  tells,  so  numerous  that  it  would  not 
he  possible  within  the  compass  of  as  short  an 
article  as  this  history  can  give,  to  i)ublisli. 
When  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  Sutter'r- 
Fort  they  made  caiiij)  and  five  of  the  company 
were  sent  on  to  prospect  on  the  American  river, 
while  the  others  were  to  get  ready  for  the  win- 
ter's mining  and  (jur  subject  was  one  of  the  party 
which  went  prospecting.  A  few  days  after  they 
had  left,  the  boys  in  charge  of  the  cuiip  met 
with  .lames  AV.  Marshall  and  also  Cajjlain  Mer- 
rick and  they  both  ailvised  going  to  .Moniieluinnc 
river  for  winter  mining.  This  was  some  fifty 
miles  south  nf  Sutter's  Fort.  They  liroke  camp 
and  started  in  tlu!  direction  of  the  mining  desig- 
nated. After  traveling  for  a  day  they  went  into 
camp  and  concluded  to  remain  until  the  pros- 
pectors had  returned.  While  thus  waiting 
news  was  brought  to  them  that  the  little   party 


nisTiiliy    OF  nil  hums'. 


'm 


m 


(if  [ii'os|H'ct<ii'H  had  liccii  siir|ii'iHcil  l)y  ii  liirj^o 
iiiiiiibi'l' III'  IikIIhii^.  Tilt'  iiltiick  wa^  iiiailc  in  tlic 
iii;;lit  while  nil  wi'i't^  aslcej),  that  a  Mr.  Li'\vin 
wurt  killt'il,  a  Mr.  (iriiii  wati  liiully  wduiiiIimI;  (). 
S.  TliDiiia  and  II.  Ally  slightly  so,  while  A.  .1. 
\'aiif»liii  was  the  (inly  oni*  who  uscapcd  unhiir'. 
A  iialfdd/.cn  (iT  thu  hest  horscH  wcri!  at  once 
sucldlt'il  and  two  of  tho  iiiun  at  (Hice  net  oll'to  the 
relief  of  the  party  with  iiif(|ii'inu  and  liaiidiif^et-. 
They  found  that  Mr.  i.ewi.s  had  hecn  liuricd 
where  he  had  fallen;  Mr.  (Jrini  had  received 
three  wounds  I'min  liarbed  arrows  and  one  of 
these  had  pierced  the  cavity  helow  the  shoulder 
lilade,  but  l»y  slow,  short  marches  they  reached 
eotnfortalile  ([uarters  near  (iold  Hill  on  t\w.  Mo- 
quehiinnc  where  our  su'ijeet  remained  until  mid- 
winter. Of  course  ho  was  unable  to  work,  but 
an  e(jual  share  of  the  ^old  washed  out  by  the 
others  was  weijirhed  at  the  close  of  the  day's 
work  and  put  in  his  buckskin  bag. 

■■"iiially,  .Nfr.  (Jriin,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Will- 
iam VVhity,  returned  home  by  way  of  San 
[•"rancisco  and  it  was  after  this  that  he  was 
elected  to  the  first  Territorial  Leijislaturc.  and 
the  foUowinif  year  he  was  made  County  Coin- 
inissioner  and  ex  otHcio  County  Judj^e,  serving 
two  terms.  In  1H58  he  was  chosen  as  one  of 
the  Senators  from  Marion  county,  serving  in 
that  capacity  until  180^  and  aj^'ain  in  1878, 
serving  until  1882.  Mr.  Grim  was  well  and 
favorably  known  through  his  life  in  Oregon. 

Our  subject  during  life  was  a  man  who  took 
ft  deep  interest  in  the  public  affairs  of  liis  State, 
was  pre-eminently  a  worthy  citizen,  a  reliable 
friimd.  an  intelligent,  thoughtful  man,  a  leader 
among  his  people.  His  opinions  were  askdl 
and  relied  upon  and  his  fellow-citizens  placed 
the  utmost  confidence  in  him.  In  politics  he 
was  r.  Republican,  and  during  the  time  that  the 
Union  was  endangered  his  voice  and  intlueuce 
were  in  favor  of  the  (ioveruTiient.  lie  was  also 
a  member  ot  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  highly 
valued  in  the  brotherhood.  His  death  occurred 
.lanuary  18,  1892,  when  in  his  seventy-second 
year,  lamented  by  the  whole  county. 

lieside  his  two  children  mentioned  as  having 
been  born  in  Illinois,  eleven  more  were  born 
after  removing  to  Oregon,  and  they  are  as  fol- 
lows: William  T.,  a  farmer  residing  near,  and 
has  four  children;  Thurston  resides  at  Hutte- 
ville  and  has  three  children;  Isaiah,  residing  in 
Portland;  Kdwin  and  Edgar  were  twins,  the 
latter  married  and  resides  in  Portland;  while 
the  former  resides  at  home  and  is  the  manager 


of  the  farm;  .lohn  W.  is  also  on  the  farm; 
Mary  iiiarried  .Mi'.  Ileni'\  i!eebe  and  resides 
fieiir  by;  Ralph  (!.  resides  in  Clackamas  county 
and  has  mw  child;  Alice  is  luiw  Mrs.  Dr.  S.  W. 
Weaver  and  resides  near  home  and  has  two 
children.  Thert!  are  thirty  grandchildren  in 
the  family. 

Mi's,  (irim  is  iidw  in  her  seventy  second  year, 
a  liright  and  iileasant  lady,  enjoying  goinl 
health.  She  is  a  good  representative  of  the 
Oregon  pioneer  woman  of  18-17  and  she  jxis- 
Besses  the  love  and  respect  of  her  numerous 
family  as  well  as  of  hosts  of  warm   frieii(l8. 


fOIIN  KIIITS,  oncid'  the  reliable  citizens  of 
Washington  county,  Oregon,  and  an  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  185U,  was  born  in  .Mont- 
gomery county,  Indiana,  May  15,  1880.  The 
ancestors  of  the  family  wt're  early  Bettlcrs  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  where  his  father, 
Zaclmriah  Kirts,  was  born.  He  married  Miss 
Klizabetb  (iranrey  and  they  had  a  family  of 
fourteen  children,  seven  sons  and  seven  daugh 
ters,  but  Mr.  Kirts,  our  subject,  is  the  only  sur- 
vivor of  this  numerous  family  of  sous. 

In  1837  the  father  of  Mr.  Kirts  removed  to 
Iowa  and  was  a  pioneer  of  that  State  and  in 
1852  he  emigrated  to  Oregon,  bringing  with 
him  his  wife  and  eight  children.  They  started 
May  7,  and  were  seven  months  on  the  journey. 
At  that  time  Mr.  Kirts  was  in  his  twenty-tirst 
year  and  he  drove  one  of  the  teams  for  his 
father.  The  team  was  an  ox  team  and  our  sub- 
ject had  the  ])leasnrc  of  walking  most  of  the 
way.  His  brother  Levi,  a  young  man  ot' twenty- 
three,  died  on  the  plains  of  mountain  fever  and 
was  buried  at  the  foot  of  the  ISlue  mountains 
at  Leo's  encampment.  Two  f)f  the  sons-in-law 
stopped  at  Oregon  ('ity,  but  the  family  wintered 
in  Portland,  and  Mr.  Kirls  and  his  brother 
Christopher  came  to  Washington  county  and 
sto])ped  where  Greenville  is  now,  at  the  house 
of  Mr.  Arch.  Wilkes.  Here  they  worked  for 
Mr.  David  Monroe  at  rail  splitting  and  pastur- 
ing cattle,  and  thus  they  put  in  the  winter. 

The  father  of  Mr.  Kirts  settled  on  the  land 
in  Washington  county,  where  our  subject  now 
resides,  and  on  this  projierty  the  father  and 
mother  resided  until  the  time  of  their  death. 
They  were  Methodist  jieople  and  led  honest, 
honorftble  and  (jood   lives,  and   the  father    died 


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April  (i,  ISIil.  and  tlie  inotlier's  deiitli  occurred  | 
Aiif^ust  15.  187().     Mr.    Kirts   rutiiiiiiie<l    witli 
Ilia  piiriMitrt  until  the  time  of  theirdeatli.    When   1 
the  t'lithcr  bouijht  the  hind   he   went   into   deht   i 
s75U,  Imt  the  son  worked  and    iiiiju'oved    the 
t'ari7i  and  paid  the  deht.  payinj;  twenty  per  cent 
interest.      Wiien  the  family   reached   here  there 
was  hut  seventy-tive  cents  in  the  family   purse. 
Wheat  was  worth  >!iJ  per  liushel  and  Irisli  pota- 
toes were   thesaiue.  Tliose'were  days  of  scarcity,  j 
of  which    they   had    never   <lreaMied     in     their  | 
pjibtern    home,  hut  almost  all  their  neighbors   ! 
were  as  badly  oif.  ; 

Our  subject  was  married  November  7,  185!),  j 
to  Miss  Kunice  Marsh,  who  was  born  in  Michi- 
j;an,  March  21,  1838,  and  was  the  danirhter  of 
Joshua  W.  Marsh,  who  hail  come  to  Orej^on  in 
1858.  The  children  of  ^[r.  and  Mrs.  Kirts 
numbered  twelve,  as  follows:  Charh^s  W..  died 
in  his  second  year,  September  (5,  1801;  William 
A.  is  now.  now  a  merchant  and  resides  at  Cedar 
Mill;  Elii'ot  W.  was  born  July  12.  18t)3,  and 
died  December  0.  IH(]3;  Vidilla  A.,  married  Kl- 
bridge  11.  Dickius  and  resides  at  (tale's  Creek; 
Wilbur  S.,is  a  farmer  and  resides  on  (tale's 
Creek;  Lev  S.  was  born  Kebrnary  2'J.  18(58,  and 
ladied  July  2  181)9;  Kdith  V.  is  now  a  jonnir 
atdy  and  resdies  with  lier  jmrents;  Ezra  A.  is 
1*  home  also;  Elva  E.  is  tlie  wife  of  V.  15. 
momeroy  and  resides  one  mile  north  of  l.innton, 
engaj.^ed  in  the  dairy  business;  anil  lodel  I.., 
Ilnhla    E.,  and  Sarati  (i.  are  at  home. 

Mr.  Kirts  lias  been  enrraged  in  f^eneral  farm- 
iiifi;  and  has  ])rospered.  He  has  im])roveil  the 
old  liomestead  and  atlded  1(10  acres  more  land, 
(iri-cnville  stands  upon  land  wiiich  he  owned. 
Roth  Mr.  Kirts  ami  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
( 'Ongrcj;atioual  (Jhurcli  and  he  is  one  of  the 
Deacons.  Since  the  fbundinjf  of  the  party  our 
subject  has  been  a  Uepnblican,  and  for  thirty' 
years  l;e  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity.  It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  Mr. 
Kirts  is  also  an  Indian  war  veteran  as  ho  volun- 
teered in  thi^  war  of  18r>5  - '5<i.  [le  has  always 
been  a  hard  working  and  indutrious  nuiri,  up- 
rijrlit  in  his  character  and  commanding  the  es- 
teem of  all   who  knew  him. 

^ENNETII  A.  J.  MACKENZIE,  M.   D., 

one  of  the  most  widely  known  and   most 

able  prot'ossioiial  men  in  Oregon,  was  born 

Cumberland    House    a  trading  pist  of  the 


Hudson's  Hay  Coini)any,  in   Manitoi)a,   Canada, 
on  .lanuary  13,  186i(.      His  ancestors  were  from 
lloss  Shire,  Scotland,  wlu»re  they  had   lived   for 
generations    as    landed    ))roprii'tors.      Throngii 
the  influence   of  relatives,    connected    with  the 
Hudson's  Hay  Company,   Roderick  Mackenzie, 
father  of  our  subject,  was  induced    to  come  to 
Manitoba,  in  1845.      He  entered  the  emj)Ioy  of 
the  company  as  a  clerk,  but  his  sterling  char- 
acteristics   and    industrious    habits     were    soon 
apparent  to    the  company,  and    his  promotion 
was  rapid  and   continuous    until    he  became    a 
chief  factor  in  the  matiagement.      He  was  mar- 
ried   at    Ued    lliver    settleuient,    to  Alisi:  Jane 
MacKenzie,    who   is    remotely  descended  from 
the  same  ancestry,  a  woman  of  many  graces  and 
pleasing  ijualities  of  mind.     After  twenty-five 
years    of  diligent  service.   Mr.    Mackenzie  was 
placed  upon  the  retired  list,  and  iu)w  resides  at 
Melbourne,  in  Eastern  township,  Canada. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch,  in  company,  with 
an  elder  brother,  was  sint,  when  he  Was  seven 
years  of  age,  to  Jedimrgh,  itoxboroughshire, 
Scotland,  where  he  entered  the  .Vest  Academy, 
which  is  an  old  and  celebrated  preparatory 
school.  Here  he  remained  for  five  years,  when, 
on  account  of  the  death  of  his  brother,  and  his 
own  ill  health,  occasioning  much  solicitude  to 
his  parents,  he  was  recalled,  joining  his  parents 
at  Lacloche,  which  was  an  important  post  of 
the  Unison's  Hay  Company,  situated  on  the 
north  shiire  of  Lake  Huron.  After  recovering 
his  health,  his  education  was  continued  at  the 
High  Si;liool,  Montreal,  and  at  the  Upper 
Canada  College,  of  Toronto,  which  latter  school 
is  regarded  as  "  the  Eton"  of  Canada.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen,  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, at  McCtill  L'niversity,  Montreal,  where 
after  a  four  years'  course,  he  graduated  with 
honor,  as  valedictorian  of  his  das'-.,  with  the 
degrees  of  M.  I).,  (!.  M.  Desiiing  to  further 
prosecute  the  study  of  medicine,  l)efore  engag 
ing  in  practice,  he  went  to  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, where  he  attendtul  the  lioyal  College  of 
''hysicians  and  Surgeons,  receiving  there  the 
degrees  of  L.  li.  C.  1'.,  L.  It.  0.  S.  and  L.  M. 
After  t'.iis,  lie  continued  his  practical  studies 
in  the  /iondoi''  and  llniverpity  (College  Hospi- 
tals of  Ijondon.  Me  the:,  went  to  Paris,  Her- 
lin  and  Vienna,  seeking  by  study,  observation 
and  jiraotical  experience  to  still  more  add  to  his 
knowledge  of  thvse  two  great  and  noble  profes- 
sions, medicine  and  surgery.  Exhausting  thost; 
sources  of  learning,  he  Hnally  returned  to  his 


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hoiiie.     It   was    at    this   time  tlmt    through  a 
geiienil  corrcspoiidencn  lietwceii   liis  t'atlier  and 
Donald    Macleary,  of  I'orthmd,  lie  learned  of 
the  advantagea  ottered  by  tiiat  city   to  a  young 
man  of  ability  and  energy.      Without  delay,  he 
proceeded  to  Portland,  where  he  arrived  in  No- 
vember, 1882.      He   at  once  entered   upon  tlie 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  his  Huccens,  from 
the  beginning,  was  such  as  to  attract  tiie  atten- 
tion of  the  oldest  and  ablest  practitioners.     His 
success  in  surgery    has   been    equally    marked, 
and  there  have  been  few  cases  requiring  super- 
ior skill,  in  which  he  has  not  been  conspicuous. 
He  was  elected,  in  18S:{.   to   the  chair  of  Anat- 
omy, in  the  medical  department  of  the  Willam- 
ette University,  and   later  was  elected  to   the 
chair  of  Theory  and    Practice,   which   he    tilled 
for  several  years.     With  the  organization  nf  the 
medical  school  of  the  Oregon   State   University, 
he  was  elected  to  the  cliair  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice, of  which  institution  he  became  a   faithful 
and  zealous  supporter.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
Oregon  State  Medical  Association,  of  which  ho 
was  elected  president  in   1887,  an  honor  never 
before  accorded  to  one  of  his  years.      He  is  also 
a   meinl)er  of  the    Portland    Medical    Society, 
which  he  earnestly  and  actively  supports,  as  far 
as  his  professional  duties  will  permit.     He  has 
performed  many  operations   wliile  surgeon  for 
the  Northern.  Southern  and  Union  Pacific  rail- 
roads,   but  his  increasing  practice  rendered  it 
necessary  for  him  to  resign  from  their  employ, 
now  being  engaged  merely  as  consulting  sur- 
geon for  the  (Tnion  Pacific  Company,  at  Port- 
land.    He  is  on  the  staff  of  St.  ^^incent  Hospi- 
tal, which  was  the  starting-point  of  his  surgical 
work  in  Portland,  in  which  institution  he  takes 
a  deep  interest. 

He  was  married  in  I'ortland  on  January  'J, 
188G,  to  Cora  (Hardy)  Scott,  daughter  of  Pliny 
Hardy,  a  distinguished  lawyer,  who  <iuring  the 
war  was  Secretary  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 
They  have  had  three  children:  Ronald,  Jean, 
and  Parbara. 

He  has  just  completed  a  hamdsome  and  com- 
modious residence  on  the  corner  of  Nineteenth 
and  Hoyt  streets,  where  he  now  resides,  one  of 
the  most  substantial  and  attractive  residences  in 
the  city,  and  tiie  first  one  constructed  entirely 
of  stone  and  slate.  This  beautiful  place  is  sur- 
rounded by  tastefully  laid  out  and  attractive 
grounds,  altogether  making  a  suitable  home  for 
persons  of  refi.ioment  and  culture.  Few  in  the 
flush  of  youth  have  made  such  rapid  strides  to 


fame  and  the  road  to  fortune,  but,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  oak,  his  growth  and  success  is  due 
to  sturdy  (jualities,  inherent  and  acquired. 
Coming  of  a  family  of  intelligence,  he  was  en- 
dowed with  that  quality  as  a  i)irtliright,  whicii 
by  fostering  care  and  abundant  opjiurtunities 
for  culture  has  been  happily  brought  to  a  suc- 
cessful maturity. 


JPSENItV  HUNTEK,  one  of  the  buihlers  of 
aM)  the  beautiful  Sunnyside  of  Portland  is  a 
*^S/  native  of  N[assaclnisetts,  born  May  2o, 
1835.  He  is  a  son  of  James  (t.  Hunter,  of  the 
same  State,  whose  father,  Ja'iies  li  unter,  was 
born  in  Scotland,  and  came  lo  America  iiefore 
the  Revolution,  wa.-«  a  soldier  in  that  war,  and 
his  wife's  house  on  State  Street  in  Boston,  was 
the  last  of  the  old  houses  taken  down  to  make 
way  for  the  large  now  buildings.  She  lived  to 
be  103  years  old.  His  son  married  Sarah  Wood, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Wood  of  English  ances- 
try, who  came  to  America  at  an  early  date  and 
were  also  participants  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
James  Himter  had  ten  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  still  living. 

Henry  was  the  fifth  child  and  was  raised  and 
educated  in  his  native  State,  later  he  learned  the 
trade  of  carriage-maker.  In  1855  he  I'enioved 
to  Wisconsin  and  followed  his  trade,  speculating 
successfully  in  lands  and  stook.  When  the  great 
war  broke  out  he  enlisted,  April  1, 18(11,  in  Com- 
pany K,  Eighth  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry. 
In  August,  18()2,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  Twenty- 
Fifth  Volunteer  Infantry,  but  was  afterward 
transfered  to  the  Fifty-Tiiird  Regiment  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
mustered  out,  August  29,  1865,  and  retired  to 
his  home  and  engaged  at  his  trade  and  in  fur- 
nishing supplies  to  the  lumber  camps  on  the 
Chippewa  river,  Wis(!onsin,  and  continued  in 
this  business  until  1878.  when  he  came  to  the 
coast  and  settled  at  Dayton,  Washington.  Here 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising,  and 
invested  in  valuable  tracts  of  land  there.  He 
came  to  Portland,  in  1890,  bikI  invested  in 
property  at  Sunnyside,  where  he  is  now  doing 
a  general  real-estate  business  together  witli 
loaning  money.  Sunnyside  is  a  beautiful 
tract  on  the  east  side  of  the  Willamette  river, 
on  the  motor  line  that  conveys  you  in  ten 
minutes  from  the  center  of  the  city  to  this  de- 
lightful   spot.     The    moter   runs   every   flfteen 


V!  |1 


\-u 


tirsTOUY    OF    oitKdilS. 


iiiinn\;e.  Sunnysiile  is  150  feet  aliove  the 
lnii-ii;j»s  |iortiuii  of  tin-  city,  ami  »  line  view  is 
obtained  from  its  iieights  of  tlic  cit}-  iinii  fiie 
snrrouiuliiig  country. 

Mr.  Hunter  is  a  ineinbur  of  (it'orf^e  Wrigiit 
I'ost,  (i.  A.  M.  of   I'..rtlaM(l. 

lie  was  niarrietl  in  185-4.  to  Su.san  II.  Sentes. 
of  Dcrry,  \e\v  Ilainpsliirc.  Her  family  is  of 
Kn^lisli  ancestry.  Mr.  anil  Mrs.  Hunter  iiave 
iiad  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  living; 
The  eldest,  a  daughter,  Ida,  is  the  wife  of  C.  H. 
('risinger.  of  Chicago;  Anna,  married  .M.  A. 
Maker  of  ISeattle,  a  prominent  attorney  there; 
Frank  is  a  contractor  in  Portland;  Karl  is  in 
the  iifiice  with  his  fatlier.  and  the  two  youngest, 
i.cla  and  Matie  are  at  home. 

The  firm  of  which  Mr.  Hunter  is  a  member 
is  II.  Hunter  iVr  Co.  Mr.  Hunter  has  built  a 
fine  home  in  Siinnyside  where  ho  is  last  be- 
coming; surrounded  by  neighbors.  I'.e  is  now 
comiiletino;  a  block  for  stores  tikI  a  hall  to 
accommodate  the  secret  orders  of  the  town.  He 
is  a  IJepublican,  ami  was  ("oiinty  Assessor  of 
Columi)ia  county,  Washington,  two  terms.  He 
is  among  the  good,  solid  business  men  of  this 
great  city. 


[ILAS  F.  SCHIFTUHE,  an  intelligent  and 
progressive  resident  of  Oregon  City.  Ore- 
gon, and  fhejunior  member  of  the  flour- 
ishing firm  of  Wine.set  &  Scripture,  manufac- 
turers of  carriages  R.'id  wagons,  and  undertakers, 
of  which  firm  he  is  the  ])ractical  iron  worker, 
was  born  in  Iowa.  May  10,  18fil.  His  father, 
•lames  Scripture,  was  a  native  of  Canada,  where 
he  was  born  in  1830,  coming  to  the  IJniteil 
States  when  a  child,  since  which  time  he  has 
continued  to  reside  here.  He  married  Miss 
Catharine  Clark,  a  native  of  the  State  of  Indi- 
ana, and  they  had  four  chihlren,  .Mr.  Silas  Scrip- 
ture being  tlio  oidy  survivor.  The  mother  died 
A])ril  1^8.  I8t')().  leaving  her  family  and  many 
friends  to  mourn  her  loss,  to  whom  she  was  en- 
deared by  her  many  Christian  virtues  and 
generous  actions,  which  were  prompted  by  "a 
loving  heart.  The  father,  later,  married  an  es- 
timabh?  lady,  who  assisted  him  in  the  care  of 
his  young  family.     They  had  two  childi'en. 

The  suliject  of  our  sketch  was  raised  and 
educated  in  his  native  Slate,  where  he  early 
learned  the  blacksmiths'  trade,  at  which  he 
served  for  three  years.      He   then    worked  as  a 


journeyman  in  several  of  the  Western  States, 
and  in  ('alifornia.  from  which  place  he  came  to 
Oregon  (.'ity.  where  lie  worked  for  a  lime  for 
his  present  partner,  who  is  also  his  brother-in- 
law,  wluMi  he  fimilly  returned  to  the  Fast. 

In  1888,  however,  he  returned  to  this  city, 
and  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  ijusiness, 
in  which  he  has  since  remained,  meeting  with 
tlattering  success.  The  firm  enjoys  an  excel- 
lent reputation  fr>r  reliable  work  and  honest 
dealings,  and  has  a  large  and  growing  trade  of 
the  best  class  of  citizens. 

On  May  12,1889.  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Uachel  F.  Forrester,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a 
native  of  Clackamas  county,  who  is  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Forrester,  an  esteemed  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1850.  She  ami  Mrs.  Wineset  are 
sisters.  Mr.  and  Mrs,  Scripture  have  one  ciiiUi, 
Albert  M. 

Mr.  Scripiure  is  a  liepnblican  in  politics, and 
takes  a  commendable  interest  in  the  atl'airs  of 
his  State  and  country.  Socially,  he  belongs  to 
the  Knights  of  I'ythias,  of  which  he  is  a  re- 
spected niemlier. 

Thus  is  briefly  stateil  the  most  prominent 
events  of  an  eminently  busy  and  usefid  life, 
whose  intelligent  etforts  liave  been  rewarded 
with  prosperity  and  happiness. 

fAPTAIN  PHILIP  JOHNSON  was  the 
first  authorized  pilot  of  the  Columbia 
river,  and  was  boin  in  Newburyport,  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  1820,  and  was  of  the  fifth  gener- 
atioi\  born  in  the  old  homesteao  which  is  owned 
by  the  family  descendants.  His  father,  .lames 
.lohnson,  was  a  distimiuisbed  figure  in  the  war 
of  1812;  he  married  .Miss  Charlotte  Adams,  of 
revolutionary  fame.  Losing  his  father  in  child- 
hood, at  the  age  ol  twelve  years,  young  Philip 
struck  out  in  life,  first  as  assistant  in  mackeral 
fishing,  and  later  upon  the  bark  '•  Autumn," 
the  first  vessel  to  nnike  a  whaling  cruise  to  tin- 
Art  ic  seas. 

He  then  followed  the  sea  in  vessels,  trading 
with  the  West  Indies  and  Kuropcan  jKjrts.  At 
the  age  of  twenty  years  he  had  arisen  to  the 
|)o8ition  of  mate.  During  the  Mexican  war, 
we  find  him  upon  the  war  ship  "  North  Caro- 
lina," coi'imanded  by  (^a|>tain  Winslow.  later 
of  tlu^  '•  Ivearsarge."  Ucturniug  to  Hoston  in 
1848  the  brig  "  Forest  "  was  fitting  for  San 
Francisco,  and    Mr.  Johnson  engaged    for  the 


'! 


irt! 


;j'  ; 


-^iiwijijaas^^HC 


IIIHTORY    OF    OHEaoS. 


iWi 


voyage  as  mate,  carrying  out  a  gmiunil  i-arf^o 
for  trading.  Duly  arriving  off  Monterey  they  met 
tlie  MisHionary  boat,  a  topsail  Beliooner  called 
"  Honolulu,''  and  from  them  learned  of  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  C'alifornia.  Continuing  their 
voyage  they  entered  tiie  harbor  at  San  Francisco 
in  tlie  spring  of  1849,  the  city  then  being  com- 
posed of  a  few  adobe  houses  on  I'ortsmouth 
square. 

Our  subject  falling  in  with  Mr.  Sutter,  and 
little  anticipating  the  future  of  tiiat  city,  they 
him  a  little  scow  for  $2,500,  taking  pay  in 
pinches  of  gold  dust,  the  scow  having  cost  about 
twenty-five  dollars  in  the  East.  The  sale  proved 
to  their  disadvantage,  as  later  in  discharging 
their  cargo,  they  needed  the  service  of  this  boat, 
and  in  return  Sutter  ciiarged  them  §200  per 
day.  They  subsequently  erected  upon  Clarke's 
Point  the  frame  house  which  they  brought  out 
for  drying  of  hides  and  therin  stored  their 
cargo,  and  our  subject  then  took  the  crew  and 
went  to  the  mines,  but  he  soon  returned  to  San 
Francisco,  and  his  vessel,  which  was  subse- 
quently sold  to  a  com|)any  from  Oregon,  com- 
posed of  Governor  Abernetiiy,  Robert  Priest 
and  Mr.  Lee,  of  Oregon  City,  and  they  hired 
Captain  Johnson  to  sail  the  brig,  paying  him 
$500  per  month. 

They  came  to  Oregon  in  ballast  and  entered 
the  Columbia  river  without  a  pilot,  Astoria 
then  being  composed  of  the  old  log  house  occu- 
pied by  the  Hudson  Hay  Company.  In  ascend- 
ing the  river,  soundings  were  taken  as  they 
progressed  and  about  twenty  days  were  expended 
in  reaching  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  where  they 
lay  about  three  months,  awaiting  a  cargo  of 
lumber  and  potatoes,  which  were  taken  to  San 
Francisco  anti  sold  at  $350  per  thousand  feet 
and  potatoes  at  fifty  dollars  per  barrel. 

In  the  fall  of  1849  Captain  Johnson  en- 
gaged as  mate  with  Captain  George  U.  Flanders 
on  the  bark  "  Ann  Smith,"  carrying  mail  and 
passengers  to  California  and  continued  for  sev- 
eral trips.  Early  in  1850  he  engaged  as  pilot 
with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  the  Ore- 
gon Legislature  granted  him  the  first  pilot's 
"  brnnch  "  issued  by  the  State.  The  first  steam- 
boat he  piloted  to  Portland  was  the  "Colum- 
bia,' and  it  took  three  days  to  reach  the  city. 
Captain  Johnson  has  continued  in  the  discharge 
of  nis  duties,  an(l  although  upward  of  seventy, 
his  force  and  vigor  is  unabated.  For  years 
he  has  served  as  harbor  master  of  the 
Port   of   Astoria,    for   which   ho  is  eminently 


fitted.  He  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in 
1849,  to  Miss  Mary  .Vnn  Davis,  a  native  of  Eng- 
land, who  came  to  California  iii  the  same  year 
in  asailing  vessel.  In  the  early  ihiys  in  <  )regon. 
the  country  being  infested  wifh  liulian.s,  her 
strength  of  mind  and  heroism  stood  her  in  good 
stead  in  defending  iier  homo  and  children  from 
the  assaults  of  the  Indians  during  her  husliand's 
absence.  This  union  was  blessed  with  seven 
children,  all  beiiig  now  deceased.  Albert  served 
for  a  number  of  years  in  the  custom  house, 
and  Henjamin  wasa  captain  on  the  river.  These 
latter  are  represented  by  two  daughters,  Esther 
Francos  and  Mary  Melissa,  who  live  with  their 
grandparents  and  shed  joy  and  brightness  over 
the  bereaved  household. 

(Japtain  Johnson  is  a  member  of  the  i.  O.  (>. 
F.  He  has  large  property  interest  in  the  city 
of  Astoria  and  is  favorably  known  and  highly 
esteemed  by  his  town  people. 


EOKGE  NOLAN  D,  is  a  native  of  Oregon, 
born  upon  the  donation  land  claim,  ten 
miles,  south  of  Eugene,  October  U4,  1857. 
Ilisfather,  Captain  Pleasant  Calvin  Noland,  was 
a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  1830.  Ilis  ancestry 
extends  to  Ireland  and  Wales,  and  were  num-' 
bered  among  the  early  pioneers  of  Virginia  and 
afforded  stanch  support  of  the  little  colonies 
during  the  Revolutionary  war.  The  grand- 
f  Uher  of  our  subject  was  a  pioneer  of  Missouri, 
and  a  conspicions  figure  in  that  State's  develop- 
ment. In  1840,  P.  C.  Xoland,  entered  the 
army  for  the  Mexican  war.  He  was  sent  to  the 
Indian  Territory,  and  in  1849  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  mines  of  California.  Returning  East  in 
1851,  the  following  year,  he  drove  a  team  to 
Santa  Fe,  and  in  1853,  he  continued  his  journey 
to  Oregon.  The  last  stages  of  the  trip  were 
encompassed  with  dangers  and  difficulties,  as 
by  seeking  a  cut  across  the  (/asoades,  by  the 
middle  fork  of  the  Willamette  river,  to  save 
time  and  distance,  they  lost  the  trail  and 
through  lack  of  food  and  toilsome  travel,  they 
suffered  almost  to  starvation,  and  were  eus- 
t&ined  only  by  killing  and  eating  a  Cay  use  pony, 
and  later  with  salmon,  roasted  snails,  boiled 
thistles,  elderberries  and  deerskin,  which  they 
found  in  the  woods,  the  meat  having  been  de- 
voured by  wild  beasts.  Mr.  Noland  and  a  few 
companions  pressed  forward,  and  at  last,  after 
six  weeks  of  starvation  and   wandering,  arrived 


fl 


S(i4 


infiTOnV    OF    oRKdllN. 


li 


ut  Spriiigtield,  Oregon,  tVoiii  wliicli  point  a  res- 
cniii"^  P'ii"ty  were  nent  to  the  relief  of  tiie  stiirv- 
inj;  company.  In  tlie  sprinj;  of  lHr)4,  Mr. 
Nolnnii  l)oni;iit  liis  laml  clairn  near  ( 'resswell, 
where  lie  Btiil  continues  to  reside.  I)nriri;;tlie 
Indian  wars  of  ISoo  and  l>sr)(),  he  was  ainoni; 
the  lirst  to  er.list.  and  after  three  niontha  of 
serviee  In*  returned  home  and  raised  a  company, 
of  which  lie  was  commissioned  Captain,  and 
serveil  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  married 
in  1857,  to  Miss  Linna  Stewart  of  En^jene,  who 
died  in  1878,  Icavinir  two  sons,  (ieorge  and 
.lames  K.  The  Captain  married  Mrs.  Melissa 
Uavidson  in  187!)  and  they  have  a  daughter, 
Neva.  Jas.  E.  Noland  has  served  two  terms  as 
fiheritf  of  I,ane  county  and  is  one  of  Orej^ons 
most  popular  native  sons. 

(ieorge  Noland,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  re- 
ceived his  preliminary  education  at  a  little  lof^ 
schoolhouse,  and  was,  reared  upon  the  farm, 
actively  eni^aged  in  aj^ricultural  pursuits.  I'pon 
the  fonndiiii^  of  the  State  I'niversity  at  Eujjene, 
he  was  among  the  first  to  enter,  at  which  he 
graduated  in  1882,  with  the  degree  of  K.  H. 
Suhsecjuently  the  degree  of  A.  M.  was  con- 
ferred upon  iiim.  In  187'J.  he  enji;aged  in  the 
stock  business  in  Crook  county,  which  he  con- 
tinned  at  intervals  until  1882,  employing  his 
idle  moments  in  reading  law  under  the  guid- 
ance of  .ludge  C.  W.  Kitch,  of  Eugene,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1882,  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  In  June,  1882, 
lie  was  elected  Surveyor  of  Lane  county,  but  re- 
signed in  the  fall  to  go  to  Prineville,  where  he 
continued  the  practice  of  law.  In  .January. 
1884,  he  came  to  Astoria,  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  (ieorge  A.  Dorris.  an  old 
school-mate  of  his,  and  continued  in  general 
prncti(!e  till  18S7,  when  they  dissolved.  In  .June, 
1884,  Mr.  Noland  was  appointed  City  Attorney 
by  the  Cominon  Council  of  Astoria,  and  in  .June 
188.")  he  was  duly  elected  by  the  |ieo|>le  and  re- 
elected in  18S7,  holding  the  office  continiially 
for  live  years.  Jle  was  nominated  to  the  l.egiii- 
lature  in  1888,  by  the  Democratic  jiarty,  and 
was  among  the  first  in  the  field  to  take  u])  the 
Tariff  tight  and  went  down  with  the  party.  At 
the  Democratic  State  Convention  in  1892,  he 
was  nominated  as  Presidential  Elector,  and  is  an 
active  partisan  in  political  affairs.  He  is  a 
meinlicr  of  the  Rescue  Eire  Company,  No  2, 
,ind  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  company  drill, 
and  took  pai'tin  many  of  the  competitive  con- 
tests. 


He  was  married  in  1888,  to  Miss  l,,ottie 
(ioodell,  a  native  of  Forest  Grove  and  a 
daughter  of  N.  E.  aiwl  Catharine  (toodell, 
both  pioneers  of  Oregon,  the  former  linving 
come  to  the  State  in  1850  and  the  latter  in 
1847.  They  have  one  child.  Virgil  Ci.  ^[r. 
Noland  continues  a  general  law  practice.  He 
is  a  stockholder  of  tin-  Astoria  Subsidy  (irtar- 
antee  (jompany,  and  is  numbered  among  the 
enterprising  and  progressive  business  men  of 
the  city  of  Astoria.  . 


[ENEIIAL  .lOIlN  H.  STEVENS.— As 
our  subject  came  to  Oregon  in  1852,  he  is 
conntiMl  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  coast. 
He  was  born  in  .lamaica,  Windham  county. 
Vermont,  March  2t),  1800,  and  was  there  reannl 
and  went  to  school.  He  later  entered  the 
academy  at  Urattleboro,  and  then  of  Chester, 
until  he  was  prepared,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  to 
teach  school.  His  first  experience  was  in  a 
school  where  the  teacher  had  been  turned  out, 
as  not  being  able  to  control  the  pupils,  but  he 
undertook  to  finish  the  term  at  $10  a  month 
and  succeeded  in  biiiidiug  np  a  largo  school. 

.'Vs  he  had  succeeded  so  well  upon  his  first 
trial,  our  subject  felt  encouraged  to  start  out  in 
search  of  a  wider  field,  and  selected  the  city  of 
Boston  as  'i  good  place  to  begin.  Here  he  found 
a  friend  who  proved  the  truth  of  the  old  saying 
that  a  friend  in  need  is  a  friend  indeed,  for  as 
he  was  without  money  he  might  have  found  it 
ditlicnlt  to  find  boarding  accommodations  if  this 
gooil  friend  had  not  assisted  him  in  that  way. 
Finally  he  fonu<l  a  position  with  a  Mr.  Chandler 
fori?80  a  year,  and  he  faithfully  worked  out  his 
time  there,  at  the  end  of  which  he  bought  a 
grocery  store.  After  his  i)eginning  he  consoli- 
dated his  stock  with  Mr.  Chandler  and  went 
into  full  partnership  with  him  in  West  India 
goods,  continuing  fo''  two  years.  At  the  end  of 
that  time  he  sold  his  interest  to  his  partner  and 
returned  to  Vermont. 

Fro'ii  there  our  subject  went  to  l*enns\lvfl 
nia  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  am! 
rtMiiained  there  about  four  years,  shipping  his 
lumber  to  Pittsburg.  From  Pltlnbiirg  he  wcMit 
to  New  York  and  purchased  goods  and  returned 
to  Pennsylvania.  He  then  undertook  a  very 
perilous  trip.  His  grandfather  and  granilmother 
wished  to  make  a  tri|)  to  Vermont,  ami  lie 
started  with  fliem  in   the  depth  of  winter,  in  a 


"{ 


:^^ 


HISTORY    (IF   oitKnoy. 


m 


sleij^li,  to  croBs  tlm  iiHiiiiitiiii.s.  Tliis  provud  h 
(Iriwifiil  journey,  tlm  old  people  iilmoet  freezing 
to  (lentil,  (iiily  rciurliing  a  hotel  in  time  to  isHve 
their  lives,  as  tlu*y  were  tlien  nncronscious  from 
the  eoM. 

The  marriage  of  our  suhjeet  was  eelehrated 
witli  Miss  Mary  Adams  in  1830.  She  was  a 
native  of  the  State  of  I'eniisylvaiiia.  After  mar- 
riage o\ir  Buhjeut  and  his  young  wife  started  to 
.Michij>;un  and  bought  a  farm  near  Tecnmseh. 
Michigan,  wliere  they  happily  resided  until  his 
wife  died  in  1833,  leaving  two  small  children, 
whom  he  took  back  to  friends  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  then  returned  to  Michigan  and  sold  his 
farm.  He  started  for{Jhicago,  but  got  no  farther 
than  Coldwater,  Michigan,  where  he  rented  a 
hotel  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Taylor.  Here  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Harriet  M.  Pierce,  in  1835, 
a  native  of  Vermont,  burn  in  1817. 

About  this  time  the  State  militia  was  started 
and  our  sul>ject  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
regiment,  and  soon  after  he  received  a  commis- 
sion from  the  Govornor  as  Brigadier-General  of 
this  brigad.j.  He  then  received  the  appoint- 
ment under  the  SherilT  as  Under  Sheriff,  and  was 
afterward  elected  Sheriff,  serving  two  terms,  and 
after  this  served  under  Sheriff  Arnold  as 
Deputy.  At  this  time  our  subject  started  the 
stage  line  from  Cold.vater,  Michigan,  to  Mar- 
shall, carrying  the  United  States  mail,  and  in 
1852  he  crossed  tlw  plains  in  company  with 
Green  Arnold,  he  bringing  thirteen  men  and 
women  with  hi;n.  Mr.  Stevens  worked  in  the 
mines  in  southern  Oregon,  and  in  1854  he  re 
turned  by  water  to  Michigan,  for  his  family. 
The  second  time  he  crossed  the  plains  bringing 
his  family  and  that  of  Mr.  Arnold,  and  they  en- 
gaged in  the  hotel  business  in  Champoeg. 

Our  subject  was  a  member  of  the  last  Terri- 
torial I.egislature  in  Oregon.  In  18fi3  he  re- 
moved to  La  Grande,  and  was  made  Register  of 
the  land  office  under  President  Grant  and  con- 
tinued in  it  during  Grant's  admistration.  Later 
our  subject  went  into  farming  and  stock-raising, 
but  he  has  long  since  retired,  and  now  has  a 
pleasant  home  in  La  Grande,  owning  some  800 
acres  of  tine  land  in  Powder  ••i.'er  valley,  near 
La  Grande.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stevens  five  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  of  whom  three  are  yet 
living,  as  follows:  .)ohn.  who  is  farming  in 
Idaho;  Nettie,the  wife  of  U  V.  Kelley,  living 
in  LaGrande,  and  ./asper,  married  to  Miss  Anna 
M.  Webb,  a  daughter  of  the  late  State  Treasurer 
G.  W.  Webb.     The  General  and  his  wife  are 


living  in  eiijoynicnt  of  the  comforts  of  life,  iit 
the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-Bi.\  and  sevonty-fivo 
years,  and  can  tell  many  and  interesting  tales 
of  the  early  days  on  the  western  coast. 


•^■mm- 


p-#— 


:Tjjf.TILiJAM  D.  CLAGGETT,  a  prosperous 
"-uwJfB  agriculturist   of    Marion    county,    has 

F  ipo'i  Itcf"  "  resident  of  the  State  since  1852. 
He  was  born  in  Missouri,  November  28,  1840, 
and  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  crosseil  the  plains 
to  Oregon  with  his  father,  Charles  ('laggott, 
whose  history  will  be  found  on  another  |)age  of 
this  volume.  William  D.  was  sent  to  the  pub- 
lic school,  and  later  finished  his  education  at  the 
Willamette  Pniversity  under  Prof.  Hoyt,  who 
was  the  president  of  the  institution  at  that  tinio. 
He  left  college  in  1862,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing on  leased  land.  After  two  years,  however, 
he  purchased  100  acres  of  choice  land,  on  which 
he  Ituilt  a  home;  later  he  added  another  100 
acres,  and  devoteil  himself  industriously  to  its 
cultivation,  meeting  with  gratifying  results. 
In  1880  be  bought  500  acres  adjoining  'his 
ranch,  and  continued  the  inanagenient  of  the 
same  until  1880,  since  which  time  he  has  leased 
the  whole.  lie  now  occupies  a  pleasant  home 
which  he  bought  in  Salem. 

Mr.  Claggett  was  united  in  marriage  in  1865 
to  Miss  Pollen  llennis,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  a 
daughter  of  Thomas  llennis,  who  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1852.  Two  children  were  born  of  this 
union:  Aniiie,  wife  of  Charles  Casj)er,  and  Eva 
E;,  who  resides  in  Salem  with  her  grandfather 
(Raggett.  Mrs.  ('laggett  died  in  1870.  Two 
years  later  Mr.  Claggett  was  married  a  second 
time,  being  united  to  Miss  Eliza  E.  Parrish,  a 
daughter  of  George  W.  Parrish,  of  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon.  They  had  born  to  them  eight 
children:  George  died  at  the  age  of  six  years 
from  injuries  received  from  one  of  the  horses 
in  the  barn;  Amelia  is  the  wife  of  ('harles  Cook, 
who  is  in  the  postal  telegraph  service  in  Port- 
land; Charles  W.  is  farming  on  the  old  home- 
stead; Archie,  Thomas,  Mary  M.,  Dockie  C.and 
Hennie  I.,,  are  at  home. 

Politically,  Mr.  Claggett  adheres  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Republican  party.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  takes  an  active  in- 
terest in  the  fraternity.  He  has  led  a  life  of 
industry  and  devotion  to  one  purpose,  and  his 
efforts  have   been   rewarded  with  success,     He 


966 


iirsnitr  of  ohehun. 


has   iicvur  giiiiilili><l   iind  Iihi>  In'Kii  strictly  teiii-   ! 
pernti!   in   nil    liis  liahits.  llicivl)y   wiiiiiiiig  tiie 
ri'spi'ct  iiml  entire  I'oiitidciici'  of  the  i-oniiniinity.     I 

.1.  KINNKV.  resident  of  Astoria,  and 
|)ru|)riet()r  of  tiie  largest  Balinoii  oan- 
'^  nery  I'n  the  ('dliiinliia  river,  was  i)orn  at 
Miisi'iitine,  Iowa,  in  .lannary,  lS-t7.  His  father, 
Uuhert  C  Kinney,  was  a  native  of  Illinois,  and 
W!is  reare<l  ity  his  uncle.  Lientenant-Ciovenuir 
Kinney,  wlio  was  one  of  the  early  (toveriiors  of 
the  State.  In  1883  Mr.  Kinney  started  a  steam- 
boat line  from  St.  liOiiis  to  tlie  northern  water 
of  tho  Mississijipi  river,  and  locate<l  the  town  of 
Aluscatine  ujion  his  own  honiestead,  huildini;  a 
hotel  and  othc"  conveidences  to  accoinniodate 
cinii;rants  to  the  new  eonntry.  Mr.  Kinney 
was  married  in  Illinois  to  Miss  Kliza  K.  IJige- 
low,  a  native  of  Nova  Scolia.  Her  father  was 
interested  in  cod  fishing  and  tradini;  with  the 
West  Indies.  Locating  his  family  at  Muscatine, 
Mr.  Kinney  continued  trading  upon  the  river  and 
also  operated  tioui-  and  saw  mills,  besides  having 
otlier  interests  in  the  newly  formed  town,  con- 
tinning  until  1847.  .\t  tliis  time  he  sold  his 
interests,  and  with  ox  teams  removed  his  family 
to  Oregon,  foreseeing  the  profits  of  the  Eastern 
trade  from  the  Pacific  coast.  The  trip  was 
without  unns)ial  incident  and  was  safely  accom- 
plished, the  company  landing  in  the  fall  at 
Oregon  (3ity.  In  1848  Mr.  Kinney  visited  the 
California  mines,  hut  after  si.x  months  retnrned 
to  Oregon  and  located  his  donation  claim  in 
Yam  Hill  county,  near  l.aFayette.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  the  stock  business,  and  also 
im|)roved  one  of  the  finest  orchards  in  Oregon, 
shipping  Ids  fruits  to  San  Francisco  In  1857 
he  purchased  the  McMinnville  tiour  mills,  and 
in  1864  the  Brooklyn  mills,  both  of  which  he 
operated  nnt'l  18()8,  when  he  sold  aiid  bought 
an  interest  in  the  Willamette  flour  mills  anil 
woolen  manufacturing  mills  at  Salem.  Mr. 
Kinney  took  charge  of  the  Hour  mills  where 
was  carrie'l  on  an  enormous  business  with  agen- 
cies at  Portland,  San  Francisco  and  Liverpool. 
Subsequently  he  and  his  sons,  M.  il.ai'd  A.  W., 
purchased  the  entire  ndlliug  plant,  which  they 
operated  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Kinney,  in  187o. 
He  was  a  ineinher  of  the  first  Constitutiomd 
Convention  and  tir.-t  State  Legislature  of  Ore- 
gon, and  was  active  in  forn)ing  the  goverrnnent 
of  the  new  State.      He  wns  opposed  to  slavery  in 


Oregon,  and  was  iiibtrumentid  in  exeln<iing  the 
privilege  from  the  Constitution.  Another  tiling 
lie  advocated  was,  that  married  women  had  a 
right  to  hold  real  estate,  and  was  also  an  active 
promoter  of  ])ul)lic  schools. 

Our  sidiject,  M.  .1.  Kinney,  was  reared  upon 
the  farm  and  in  the  mill,  and  received  his  edu- 
cation in  McMinnville  College  under  the  in- 
struction of  I'rof.d.  W.dohnson,  now  president 
of  the  State  University.  After  completing  his 
education  Mr.  Kinney  entered  the  milling  busi- 
ness at  Salem:  later  going  to  San  Francisco,  he 
took  charge  of  the  office  established  at  that  city, 
and  there  continued  to  reside  \intil  the  death  of 
his  father,  in  187"),  when  the  property  was  sold. 
In  187(i  Mr.  Kinney  came  to  Astoria  and  en- 
gaged in  the  canning  of  salmon,  which  was  then 
conducted  by  Ilapgood,  Megler,  Cook,  Humes 
k,  Booth,  each  having  separate  canneries.  Mr. 
Kinney  bidlt  on  Water  stret.  at  the  foot  of 
Washington,  necessarily  beginning  in  a  small 
way,  as  he  had  everything  to  buy  and  the  busi- 
ness to  learn,  but  he  increased  his  plant  with 
experience  and  knowledge,  until  he  has  reached 
the  colossal  output  of  73,000  cases  of  fourdo/.en 
cans  each  jjer  annum,  ami  is  now  the  j)roprietor 
of  the  largest  canning  establishment  in  the 
Northwest.  In  1890  he  purchased  the  Devlin 
cannery,  which  he  also  operates,  both  canneries 
being  completely  equipped  with  labor-saving 
machinery.  All  cans  are  manufactured  in  his 
oivn  building,  with  the  most  highly  improved 
canning  machinery.  His  fishing  plant  embraces 
upward  of  150  boats,  each  with  nets  ranging  from 
1,500  to  1,800  feet  in  length,  besides  eighty  traps 
with  steamboat,  sailing  sloops  an<l  scows  in  at- 
tendance, giving  employment  during  the  fishing 
season  to  425  men,  while  forty-five  white  people 
and  190  Chinamen  are  employed  in  the  canner- 
ies. He  markets  throughout  the  city  and  the 
I'nited  States  and  Liverpool.  Mr.  Kinney  is 
also  one  of  the  chief  jiroprietors  of  the  Clatsop 
Mill  locate<l  at  Astoria,  which  was  built  in 
1884,  with  box  plant  adjoining.  The  daily  out- 
])nt  is  80,000  feet  of  lumber  and  5,000  boxes 
per  day,  giving  steady  employment  to  100  men. 
Mr.  Kinney  owns  1,00.0  acres  of  land  on  Clat- 
sop Heach,  and  is  laying  out  Gearhart  park, 
which  offers  attractions  as  a  summer  residence. 
The  hotel  (Tcarhart  numbers  150  rooms,  and  was 
opened  dnriiig  the  summer  of  1892. 

Mr.  Kinney  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in 
1876.  to  Miss  Margaretta  Morgan,  daughter  of 
David  Morgan,  a  California  pioneer.    She  died 


UIsroHY    OF    OREOON. 


S6t 


in  1H*^<1,  Iciiviiii^  one  cliiM,  Hin'rii'tta.  He  wim 
iiiiii-ric'l  ajfiiiii  in  Kuiish-*,  in  18S9,  to  Mins  N'lii'- 
c'isMi  K.  White,  ii  niitive  of  I'l'iiiisvlvHniii,  and  it 
laily  uf  retincnicnt  aiicl  cnltniv,  niie  who  takes 
Hii  active  intureiit  in  tcMiiperanw  work.  For 
years  slic  was  coiinecteii  witli  Mir-s  Willard  in 
orjjanizitif^  the  VV.  ('.  T.  U.  in  Wasliiiiirton.  and 
Was  inHtruinentai  in  seunrin^  the  jmssagu  of 
Ktraifflit  hiW8  (avorniile  to  temperance  interests 
in  tiiis  State.  .Mr.  Kinney  is  a  ineinher  of  tlie 
Masonic  order.  In  inisiness  he  is  (jiiict,  mc- 
fhodical,  always  master  of  the  situation.  Kar- 
sccing  in  jiidgiiicnt  and  for  inakiti<ront  his  own 
pathway  to  sncccss,  Mr.  Kinney  deserves  the 
esteem  so  generously  awarded  to  him. 


*^^f*^^ 


|5|SCAU  ().  GAMAIII).  a  capitalist  of  Ash- 
til//  land.  The  (laniard  family  trace  their 
genealogy  back  to  France.  Peter  (Jan iard, 
tile  i^reat-grandfather  of  onr  subject,  was  horn 
in  the  city  of  St.  Fleche,  .luly  22,  1734,  and  his 
wife,  Esther  (Marriett)  Gatiiard,  was  horn  at 
Killingsworth,  Connecticut,  September  22, 1740. 
Their  marriage  occurred  February  14,  1776,  and 
they  were  the  jmrents  of  ten  children.  From 
this  family  the  Ganiards  of  America  have  de- 
tceiided.  The  Marrietts  were  of  F^nglish  descent, 
and  t-ettled  in  Connecticut  early  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  Peter  Ganiard  and  his  elder 
brother,  James,  were  the  children  of  wealthy 
)iarents,  residents  of  La  Fleche,  France.  In 
1874  they  fitted  vessels  of  their  own  and  sailed 
to  the  West  Indies,  locating  on  tiie  island  of 
llispaniola.  They  soon  opened  a  thriving  trade 
with  the  colonies.  .lames,  the  eldest,  induced 
his  brother  to  go  to  New  London,  (Connecticut, 
and  learn  the  English  language,  in  order  that 
they  n)ight  butter  carry  on  commercial  relations 
between  the  American  colonies  and  the  West 
Indies.  Peter,  although  a  minor  at  that  time, 
was  a  tlioroiigli  French  scludar.  but  after  becom- 
ing acquainted  with  the  English  language  and 
customs,  he  neglected  the  business  between  him- 
self and  brother.  He  finally  spent  his  money, 
and  ceased  to  correspond  with  the  latter.  He 
lo'^ated  at  Killingsworth,  where  he  remained 
secluded  many  years.  After  a  time  James  be- 
came Governor  of  llispaniola,  but  he  never 
ceased  to  search  lor  his  truant  brother,  and  after 
a  lapse  of  fourteen  years  Peter's  identity  was 
discovered  by  a  captain  of  one  of  the  many  ves- 


sels l)elonging  to  >Fames,  and  thrinigh  him  was 
iiuluced  to  return  to  the  island^  with  his  family, 
consisting  of  a  wife  and  live  children,  i'eter 
was  kindly  received  by  his  brother,  and  all  mat- 
ters of  the  past  were  forgiven.  The  uidon  of 
the  brothers  was  of  slKu't  duration,  however,  as 
religious  views  soon  caused  their  separation, 
i'eter  and  family  leturned  to  the  colonies,  locat- 
ing again  at  Killingsworth.  ('onnecticut,  where 
hercnuiined  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  Uevo- 
lutionary  war,  and  he  then  learned  of  his  broth- 
er's demise,  and  also  that  a  portion  of  the  estate 
was  left  to  him.  On  visiting  IIis]>aniola  he 
found  matters  in  a  deplorable  condition,  but  was 
able  to  secure  about  i^3,0()0  in  gold,  and  the 
wearing  apj)arel  of  his  brother,  a  i)art  of  which 
is  still  supposed  to  be  in  possession  of  some  of 
the  descendants. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  O.scar  (Tuniard,  was 
born  in  Ontario  county,  Mew  York,  January 
28,  1882,  a  son  of  i'eter  (xaniard,  a  native  of 
the  same  State.  The  mother,  nee  Until  Peldon, 
was  a  native  of  Massaciiusetts,  and  of  English 
extraction.  The  parents  reared  a  family  of  ten 
children,  our  subject  being  the  third  child. 
They  removed  to  (Jliio  when  he  was  but  two 
years  of  age,  and  in  1838  located  at  .lonesville, 
Michigan,  where  young  Oscar  received  his  educa- 
tion. In  1852  lie  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
and  for  the  first  few  years  remained  in  tiie  Wil- 
lamette valley.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Jose- 
phine county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising and  farming;  in  1872  began  farming  and 
merchandising  in  Jackson  county,  and  in  1884 
took  up  ills  residence  in  Ashland.  Mr.  Ganiard 
owns  valuable  property  adjacent  to  the  city, 
which  is  devoted  largely  to  fruit  growing,  and 
consists  of  a  general  variety  of  delicious  fruits, 
peaches  predominating.  He  also  owns  some  of 
the  finest  business  and  residence  property  in 
Asliland,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
opera  house  and  White  Sulphur  Spring  Hotel. 
In  connection  with  the  liotel  building  is  located 
the  bathhouses  of  the  well-known  springs, 
which  contain  a  rare  combination  of  medicinal 
qualities,  '.ni!  this  renders  them  equal  if  not 
superior  to  any  sulphur  springs  in  the  State. 
The  baths  are  conveniently  arranged,  liaving 
separate  compartments  for  the  use  of  male  and 
female  putrons.  The  waters  of  these  springs  are 
liigidy  recommended  by  the  medical  fraternity, 
and  those  suffering  from  rheumatism,  blood  or 
malarial  diseases  find  these  springs  a  specific  for 
the  cure  of  their   c(>mplaints.     The  hotel  and 


968 


UISTOHY   OF  oR/cnoy. 


i  i 


butliK  Hi't)  iiuw  ()|)un  to  tilt'  ]iiililii.;.  and  iiiuit'r  tliu 
niiiiiii;i;i'ihi!iit  oi  Mr.  ( iaiiiiirtl.  Tliii  fiiiriily  nis- 
iilcMcc  iit'itr  liy.  ii  lit'iiiitiriil  t'i<.;litruipiii  cdttaj^o, 
was  ui-frlt'd  in  I'iSU,  at  a  cost  of  rS-liOOO,  and  is 
a  t^iiin  (if  iircliitL'CtiirL'. 

Tliu  Ashland  (>|ii'i'ii  IIouhb  is  a  siiltHtaritial 
tliree-story  hrick  huildiiii;  and  uoviirs  a  space  of 
tiOx  10I>  feet.  It  \va>  completed  in  ISSii,  at  a 
cost  of  ^20,000.  The  tirst  Hoors  arc  used  as 
l)UHin('ss  lionses,  and  tlie  secinid  and  tliird  coni- 
]iri>i's  tiie  tlieatcr.  The  Ir.iildini;  is  well  lighted 
and  ventilated,  and  has  a  ^eatiiifj;  capacity  of 
>S()((.  Thesta;;('  is  of  a  late  desii;n,  wellecinipped 
with  scenery  and  all  necessary  para|)lierindia. 
The  dressing  and  hagj^afje-rooins  are  all  that 
could  lie  desired  for  convenience  and  conifm-t. 
The  entire  hnil  linj^  is  lighted  hy  the  electric 
lif^ht  systiMii.  In  all,  the  o|)era  house  is  |)erhaps 
somewhat  in  advance  of  other  city  ilevelopinents, 
however,  it  may  he  said  of  Mr.  (ianiard,  that  he 
always  keeps  al)reaitof  the  times.  He  ha-  hceii 
prominently  ideiititied  with  the  f^rowth  and 
in'osperity  of  Ashland  ever  siiLce  he  loirated  in 
its  limits,  has  licen  closely  connected  with  school 
matters,  and  was  eleeteil  a  nn'mlu-r  of  the  City 
Council  in  18!)1. 

In  18."j8  Mr.  (ianiard  returned  to  Jonesville, 
jMichif^an,  and  was  there  joii  •.■<!  in  nnirriajje, 
Jnlv  5,  of  the  same  year,  with  Miss  Lucindn 
(ianiard,  a  nativt'  of  Uochester,  New  York. 
They  have  one  daiii^hter  living,  Lottie  L.,  now 
Mrs".  J.  K.  I'elton,  of  .Vshland.  '"'' "y  lost  two 
sons  by  diphtheria:  Oscar,  who  died  March  30, 
1882;  and  Frederick,  April  17,  same  year.  As 
a  citi/.on  Mr.  Ganiard  takes  an  active  interest  in 
political  matters.  Politically,  he  affiliates  with 
the  Uepulilican  party. 

-*- :i^-;-t>  ••'!;#>  ]^"«*- 

fP.  WINESKT,  one  of  the  most  prosperous 
and    highly   esteemed  husiness    men    of 
"5^*  Ores^on  ( 'ity,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Spring- 
field.  Illinois,  January  17.  IHiil. 

His  father,  Henry  W.  Wineset,  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  a  descendant  of  one  of  the  old 
Virginia  families,  the  ancestors  of  whom  emi- 
grated from  England  to  the  Old  Dominion 
early  in  the  settlement  of  the  colony.  Grand- 
father Henry  W.  Wineset,  was  a  brave  and  effi- 
cient soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  serving 
for  eight  years,  or  for  a  year  after  the  close  of 
that  struggli!  for  independence.  He  lived  to  be 
103   years    of   a^e.     The  father  of  the  subject 


of  our  sketch  married  Miss  Annie  •lennings,  a 
native  of  ids  connly,  and  a  descendant  of  another 
of  the  old  V^irginia  families.  They  had  thir- 
teen (ddldren,  only  two  of  whom  now  survive: 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  and  a  sister,  now  Mrs. 
Lydia  Ann  Allison,  who  resides  in  Silver  ('ity, 
Idaho. 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  raised  in  Ken- 
tucky until  his  seventeenth  year.  At  this  time 
war  was  declared  with  .Mexico,  and  he  enlisted 
in  the  army,  under  (ieneral  Scott.  He  was  a 
natural  musician,  and  had  become  an  e.vpert 
life  player,  and  as  a  fife  boy  he  played  all 
through  the  war  with  Me.\ico.  He  was  in  the 
battles  of  Molino,  Del  Iley.  Churnbnsco,  and 
was  at  the  storming  of  the  Castle  of  Chapulte|)ec, 
in  which  latter  engagement  he  was  wounded  in 
the  breast,  the  ball  strikinij  a  rib,  j'lanced  out- 
ward,  thus  saving  his  life.  He  was  for  two 
months  in  a  hos|iital,  when  he  rejoined  the 
ariuy  and  was  with  them  when  they  took  the 
city  of  Mexico,  where  they  were  stationed  until 
the  terms  of  peace  were  settled. 

He  afterward  returned  to  his  home,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  of  a  wagon  and  carriage  maker, 
in  which  business  he  was  tirst  engaged  in  Keii- 
tucky,  later  emigrating  to  Iowa,  in  184!),  en- 
gaging in  business  at  Hillsboro,  Henry  county. 

In  1851  he  married  Miss  Kmily  Frances 
Lindsey,  a  native  of  Illirois,  in  which  State  they 
remained  until  the  fall  of  that  year,  when  they 
removeil  to  Te.xas,  locating  in  the  town  of  Dallas, 
wdiere  he  continued  in  business  until  1854.  He 
then  sold  out,  and  crossed  the  plaitis  to  (Califor- 
nia, whore  he  was  for  a  year  engaged  in  mining 
in  Shasta  county.  He  met  with  but  moderate 
success  as  a  miner,  however,  his  largest  day's 
work  being  ^32.  He  finally  commenced  his 
business  of  wagon-maker  in  the  old  town  of 
Shasta,  where  he  remained  until  1863,  when  he 
sold  out  and  removed  to  Walla  Walla,  Wash- 
ington. He  followed  his  business  there  until 
1870,  meeting  with  very  great  succes,  manu- 
facturing stages,  and  everything  in  the  way  of 
wagons  and  carriages,  and  being  largely  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  burial  caskets,  ui  the 
midst  of  all  this  prosperity  his  business  was 
consumed  by  fire,  his  property  being  uninsured, 
and  in  an  hour  he  saw  swept  from  him  the 
accumulations  of  years  of  hard  labor.  He 
afterward  rebuilt  and  reopened  his  business,  l)ut 
later  came  to  Porland,  Oregon,  where  he  was  in 
business  until  1875,  when  he  came  to  Oregon 
City,  opening  business   here,   adiling  to  it  the 


-  if 

is 

\ 

i 

i 

J 

V 

1 

iili 

\ , 

HfBTORY    OF   ORKfloy. 


•<n<.> 


iiiidRrtHkitig  l)iiitim>hH.  Ilu  Iihh  Ujrniu  Imoii 
jtroMKoroil  t(i  hifi  ('ntirc  siitiKfiictioti.  Tlii'  firm 
is  MOW  Wint'Hi't  ifc  Scriptiiri",  iiuil  tlicy  iimiiii 
factiirc  ciirriiij^ns  iiml  wajjonn,  do  iitidcrfakiii;.' 
i\t)d  liliirkmnitliiii^.  'I'lii'V  liiivu  two  liciirnoH  lor 
tlioir  iiiidertiikiiiir  liiiHiiiusri,  one  of  wliicli  Ih  ii 
very  tine  (inc. 

Mr.  and  Mri*.  Winuset  Imd  cij^lit  cliildron, 
four  of  whom  are  now  living:  Allen  Kdgiir,  re- 
hidiii({  in  New  Vork  city;  .losepliine,  wife  of 
Ml-  Mc()oon,of  I'ortland;  l/iicien  H..  in  I'ort- 
iimd;  an<l  Frederick,  who  [»  with  his  father. 
He  was  lioreft  of  his  wife  en  Auffiist  4,  1874, 
his  faithful  companion,  who  for  twenty-three 
years  had  no  interest  hnt  that  of  her  husband 
and  children. 

In  I'ortland,  in  1878,  Mr.  Wineset  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Lydia  Jane  Forre!<tcr,  an  estimahlo 
lady  and  a  inttive  of  Oregon,  a  danghter  ol 
Thomas  Forrister.  who  came  to  the  Territory  in 
1850.  He  located  on  a  donation  claim  on 
Kagle  Creek,  where  he  was  engaged  in  fanning 
and  sawmilling  nntil  his  death,  and  was  mnuh 
respected  for  his  many  sterling;  (jnalities  of 
mind  and  heart. 

By  this  marriage  there  were  si.x  children,  five 
now  living:  George  C,  Thomas,  Myrtie  A., 
Israel  L.  and  Jerrold. 

Mr.  Wireset  is  a  [iepiihlican  in  politics,  and 
at  tiie  time  of  the  war  was  a  strong  Union  man. 
When  in  Portland  he  liehl  the  [losition  of  fifer 
ill  the  Washington  Guards,  and  was  in  his  ele- 
ment on  the  4tli  of  July,  when  he  played  the 
Boiil-stirring  music  of  the  National  airs.  He 
is  also  a  fine  clarionet  and  violin  player,  aiid 
above  all,  lias  a  wonderful  genius  for  innsic,  a 
correct  ear  and  a  natural  grace  of  execution, 
rarely  combined  in  one  person. 

Thus  with  true  American  perseverance  and 
ability,  Mr.  Winesent  has,  iinasciisted,  carved  out 
for  himself  a  successful  career.  While  giving 
him  all  credit,  the  fact  of  the  benefit  he  derived 
from  the  wonderful  resources  of  this  country, 
must  not  be  overlooked.  Roth  are  great,  the 
country  and  the  man,  and  fit  companions  for 
each   other. 


t ON.  JOSEPH   SIMON,  one  of  the   most 
widely  known  jurists  and   public  men  of 
the  State,  was  born  in  Germany,  on  Feb- 
ruary 7,  1851,  coming  with    his   fatiier,  David 
Simon  and  family,  to  Portlai.d  in    1857,  where 
n 


liin  father  for  many  years  was  successfully  en- 
gageil  as  a  merchant.  Tlicrt!  were  four  (diildrcn, 
the  ehlcst  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  having 
liceii  born  in  (icrmaiiv,  one  lioni  i  .  Califoniia, 
anil  the  two  youngest  in  Poitland,  where  all 
liav(>  lietMi  reared  and  ediicat.'d. 

Our  subject  was  sent  to  the  |iiiblic  schools  in 
Piirtliiiid,  and  is  reported  to  have  been  studious 
and  a  I'liod  scholar,  in  the  meantime  rc'civing, 
while  ssistiiig  his  father,  a  practical  knowledge 
of  business,  which  has  since  been  <if  much  value 
to  him  in  his  jirofession  of  law.  In  1870  he  en- 
tered the  otliee  of  .Mitchell  iV:  Doiph,  then  the 
leading  law  firm  of  the  city,  where  he  read  law 
for  two  years,  w1i''m  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
soon  after  becoming  a  memlier  of  tlu'  firm  with 
whicli  he  had  studied,  since  when,  his  career 
has  been  one  of  continued  success.  In  1877, 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  tlie('ity  (Jonncil 
from  the  second  ward,  wliich  position  he  held 
for  three  years,  declining  a  re  elecMon,  which 
was  tendered  to  him  without  opp.isition. 

In  1885  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  a 
member  of  the  Hoard  of  Police  (Jomniissioncvs, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  until  July.  18!(2. 
In  politics,  he  is  a  stanch  and  active  Itepubli- 
can.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Kepiiblicaii  State 
Central  Committee  in  1880,  1884  and  188fJ, 
rendering  his  party  and  the  State  valuable  ser- 
vice in  these  ycafu-  I"  1880  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  for  three  suc- 
cessive times,  viz.,  1880,  1884  and  1888,  he  has 
been  re-elected  to  that  ofKce.  In  the  sesc-ions 
of  1889  and  1801,  he  was  elected  President  of 
the  Senate,  and  presided  over  that  body,  there 
being  no  Lieutenant-Governor  in  this  Slate. 
While  Senator,  he  was  an  indefatigable  worker, 
and  served  on  various  committees.  As  suf- 
licent  evidence  of  the  general  satisfaction  experi- 
enced as  to  his  manner  of  executing  the  duties 
devolving  upon  him,  we  have  only  to  refer  to 
his  three  several  elections  to  the  Senate,  and  hie 
election  as  President  of  that  body  for  two  ses- 
sions, the  greatest  possible  compliment  to  his 
integrity  and  al>ility  as  a  parliamentarian.  Mr. 
Simon  was  a  delegate  to  th.o  National  Republican 
Convention  hold  at  Minneapolis  in  June,  1892, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the  liepnblican 
National  Committee  from  the  State  of  Oregon. 

In  fraternal  matters,  Mr.  Simon  is  a  Past 
Master  of  Portland  Lodge,  No.  55,  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.,  and  a  member  of  Portland  (Miajjter,  No.  3; 
he  has  received  the  thirty-second  degree  in 
the  Scottish  rite. 


mo 


tirsTiiin    i>h'  imKiioN. 


11  I 


lie  iiiiH  i<l('iititlL<(l  liiin«elf  witli  tliKoity,  being 

liirifflv  iiitrrcHtcil  jii  rciil  chtiitc,  mnl  coiitrilint' 
in;;  l»V  I'M'ry  iiit'iii;»  to  licf  iKlviimciin'iit.  An  ii 
iiiiiii  III'  I'lliiciitioii  iirnl  iiiorality.  iiiiil  up  ii  liiwyt-r 
of  iicimicM  mill  aliility,  ;(i<  a  [larliuiiii'Mtariiiii  of 
iMi|in'i*itivi'  ami  [ilcaMinj;  luiili'UMti,  he  ri'Hect* 
rrcilit  nil  liix  city  ami   State. 


!A.  MACICIIM  came  to  the  Stiito  of  Oicgon 
ill  lH7(t.  anil  an  an  oil  neat  or,  lawyer  and 
»  tinanciur  liau  Ih'imi  an  activt*  participant  in 
the  ilt'vi'lopincnt  of  the  State.  He  was  l)oni  in 
I'itt.sbnifi.  IVniisylvania.  in  1S42.  His  |iarciil8 
were  Scotcii  Kn^lisli,  ami  t'lnigrati'il  from  tliu 
Mortli  of  Ircltinil  in  ISiiO,  anil  coniiii^f  to  Ainor- 
ica,  sfttlfMl  near  l*itt.-'l)nr;;  an<l  enj/iioeil  in  fann- 
ing. Tlii«  was  contiiuici]  until  tlioileath  of  Mr. 
Macniiu  in  1882,  lii><  wife  fulluwiiig  liini  in 
1885. 

I.  A.  Macrnni  ri'ceiveil  n  tiioron;;h  education, 
.•K-adeinic,  tirst  al  tlie  lA'cclilinrg  IiKstitiitc  and 
then  at  the  State  normal  whcol,  presided  over 
l)v  i'rof.  Wirkersliiim.  a  noted  educator  of 
I'eiinsylvania.  (lompletini^  his  studies  Mr. 
.Macriim  then  l)e;;an  teacliiiij^  in  I'ittshiirfr  as 
principal  of  the  second  ward  school,  atid  after 
three  years  he  secured  an  interest  and  taught  in 
the  Newell  Institute,  a  private  school  for  fittimr 
young  men  tor  college  and  also  for  ;;radn- 
ating  the  women  in  classic  music  and  lanj^uages. 
The  school  tnunhercd  125  pupils,  and  eleven 
teachers  were  constantly  employed.  In  1870  Mr. 
Macriim  emigrated  to  Oregon  City,  where  for 
three  years  he  was  principal  of  the  ( )repjn  City 
Seminary.  During  tliis  time  he  read  law  under 
the  direction  of  Johnson  &  McCown,  and  in 
Deceiiiher,  1S74,  he  was  admitted  to  practice 
hy  the  Sn|)reme  Court  of  the  State.  The  law 
firm  of  .lohnsi'ii,  Mc('own  &  Maerum  was  then 
organized,  the  latter  removiiii^  to  Portland  to 
open  a  hranch  office,  which  was  continued  with 
marked  success  for  ei)i;ht  years,  when  the  firm 
was  dissolved. 

With  the  organization  of  the  Willamette 
Savings  liank  in  18S3,  Mr.  Maerum  was  chosen 
cashier  and  manager.  The  husinessof  the  hank 
grew  so  rajiidly  that  in  188()  it  was  converted 
into  the  Merchants'  National  Bank,  Mr.  Maerum 
continuing  as  cashier.  In  ()ct(d)er,  18i)0,  the 
capital  stock  was  increased  from  8100,000  to 
S1,000,000,  and  is  now  considered  among  one 


of  the  inoDt  solid  fluanoial  iiintitutiuiis  of  the 

city. 

Mr.  Maerum  was  married  in  WestinorelHiid 
county,  I'ennsylvaiiia.  to  Miss  Westanna  (inilihs, 
a  native  of  Allegany  City.  They  have  had  six 
children,  viz.:  Charles  .\..  |)raclicing  physicinii 
of  I'ortland;  Margaret  .1..  now  .Mrs.  l)r.  W.  II. 
liyrd,  of  Salem;  Newell.  Will  S,  .lidin  W.  and 
(Jarlield.  The  family  reside  near  Korest  ( Jrove. 
where,  surrounded  hy  spacious  grounds,  Mr. 
Maerum  has  built  a  large  and  handsome  resi- 
dence, preferiing  the  country  for  home  life,  after 
thecares  and  aii-xieties  of  the  i)U8y  di»ys  iii  the 
city. 

lie  is  n  I{e|Mil)IicRii  in  jxdilicB,  hut  not  nclive 
except  in  sustaining  honest  elections.  He  liiis 
always  heeii  interested  in  educational  work  and 
the  estalilishnu'.it  of  good  i-cliools.  From  1878 
to  1880  he  served  as  (loiinty  SufH-riiiteiident  of 
schools  for  Multnomah  county.  In  HiMiicial 
affairs  Mr.  .Macriim  has  proven  himself  a  man 
of  ahility  and  sterling  integrity,  and  has  won 
the  confidence  of  the  Inisiness  men  of  his  sec- 
tion. 

— '^^m^m^^^^-- 

DAM  '{KOWX,  one  of  Oregon's  oM  pio- 
neers of  1844,  was  horn  in  I'eiinsylvania, 
.May  27,  1817.  He  was  of  (lerman  ances- 
try, and  his  parents,  John  and  liegina  (Dinges) 
JJrown  were  hoth  natives  of  the  Keystone  State. 
Our  siiliject  was  the  lifth  of  nine  children  and 
was  reared  in  his  native  State,  lived  with  his 
parents  till  he  was  twenty-three  years  old, 
and  worked  for  wages  until  his  twenty-fifth 
year,  and  then  started  on  the  long  and  perilous 
journey  across  the  jilains  with  ox  teams,  to  Ore- 
gon. His  train  was  commanded  by  (leiieral 
Cornelius  (tilliaii.  At  the  tributary  of  Wolf 
river  the  Indians  stampeded  the  stock.  Twenty 
men  were  detached  from  the  company  to  follow 
the  Indians  and  force  them  to  replace  the  lost 
cattle,  which  they  did.  The  Indians  which  they 
captured  they  kept  under  guard  all  night.  A 
heavy  rain  storm  raised  the  river  and  the  place 
where  the  Indians  were  located  was  covered 
two  feet  deep  with  water  by  morning.  When 
they  were  liberated  they  were  very  glad  to  get 
away  as  soon  as  possible.  After  a  few  days 
this  company  stopped  at  the  Black  Vermillion 
rivi-r.  the  water  here  had  risen  so  high  that  it 
was  up  to  the  forks  of  the  trees  along  the  banks. 
For  fourteen  days  they  were  delayed,  which  dis- 


tllHTOItV     Oh'    OIIKOON. 


971 


ouiirii^ud  iiiHtiy  iind  in  tli«  i-aiiip  n  mmft  ^viia 
Htriii'k  III),  "Aiitl  t(i  Oregon  wcwill  j^o."  After 
(•roM-iii^  till'  rivt'i'  Imt  ii  I'tnv  diiVH  liittT.  iiiicitlicr 
torrent  ot  wiiler  lie^xn  tii  lull,  iiikI  nil  the  little 
utreiiiiiH  were  mi  KWolleii  timt  it  litokmluy  to  >{et 
acroHH  one.  Tlie  next  river  was  the  l.iiiig  Samly, 
ami  they  traveleil  up  it  seven  iliiyH  hikI  eiime  to 
tile  dividing  rid^e  hetween  tiie  SHiidy  and  I'latt 
rivers.  Here  they  8rw  a  great  many  InitraloeH. 
Tlie  river  Itottoni  landB  wuh  lilack  with  them  for 
iiiileH  and  the  eini^ranth  were  in^reut  ilari<^erof 
liuiii^  trani|ile<l  under  t'not,  tor  when  tiiey  ale  in 
motion  it  ie  'luarly  iinpoHHihie  to  turn  tlieiii 
aitidu,  iiH  the  )>p'^''l()e8  hehind  |iuhIi  the  other. 
Here  thoy  kilieu  a  niiniher  of  Hue  tat  liiitfalp 
COW'-  "lid  had  an  aliuii<lanoe  of  iieef.  Tlie  river 
watt  1lii>  yardH  wide  and  a  foot  and  a  half  deep, 
with  a  ijuieksaiid  hottom.  In  (■rot)>iiig  this 
they  dared  not  let  the  teams  stop  or  they  wouhl 
have  8Uiik  in  tlu*  qiiieksaiid  and  have  lieeii  loet. 
However,  they  all  crossed  Rafely  and  traveled  on 
to  the  Laramie  river,  and  this  also  they  eroHsed 
and  kept  on  ii|i  the  North  i'latte.  One  day  the 
train  stopped  for  the  women  to  do  the  wash- 
ing. Mr.  Urown  went  ii|i  the  I'latte  two  miles 
and  climlied  a  high  MiitT,  from  wliieli  he  coiiM 
see  the  country  for  many  miles.  A  deep  canon 
led  the  nearest  way  liacK  to  camp.  This  hail 
water  in  it  and  hedeeideil  to  go  down  it.  After 
be  got  half  way  down  he  saw  fresh  liiif  grizzly 
bear  tracks,  lie  eonldn't  go  hack  so  he  kept 
un,  although  he  did  not  see  the  hears  and  be 
gladly  welcomed  the  sight  of  camp  before  dark  had 
set  in.  (Jn  the  4th  of  .Inly  the  company  camped 
at  Independence  rock.  One- half  of  the  pro- 
visions ba(i  already  been  consumed  iiiul  two- 
thirds  of  the  journey  was  still  before  them. 
They  now  divided  into  smaller  companies  and 
traveled  faster.  They  arrived  in  the  South  Gap 
in  the  Uocky  mountains  and  tlien  came  down  a 
steep  road  to  the  Pacific  Sprin;^8.  South  of  the 
gap  Mr.  lirown  climbed  the  biitte  and  there  had 
a  magnificent  view.  A  deep  valley  stretched 
away  toward  the  Pacific  ocean.  He  was  filled 
with  astonishment  at  the  great  mountains  that 
divided  the  iStates  from  Oregon,  in  which  he  in- 
tended to  make  bis  future  home.  He  looked 
eastward  and  night  bail  set  in.  On  this  siiinmit 
be  knelt  down,  filled  with  awe  and  prayed  tbo 
great  Maker  of  the  earth,  to  have  pity  on  tbein 
and  bring  tliem  safely  through.  Then  be  arose 
and  took  another  look  to  the  west.  The  sun 
was  getting  low,  I  he  country  looked  like  a  vast 
level  plain,  no  high  mountains  to  be  seen.     The 


golden  rayi<  of  the  setting  sun  seemed  to  disperse 
his  gloom.  Soon  after  the  compiiny  nacdieit 
(iri't'ii  river,   so   called    because    tin'    lied    of   the 

river  is  green  alt! gli  the  water  is  clear.      The 

next  stream  they  reaidied  was  I'ridger  Here 
the  lludsoirs  Itay  (Company  had  a  trading  post, 
and  here  the  I'l'ii^  in  war-paint  displayed 
great  pomp,  but  wi".'p  they  saw  the  guns  of  the 
emigrants  they  soon  i  ft.  The  |ii'ovisioii>  hid 
become  so  short  tl  it  fliey  left  extra  wagons  and 
everything  t'  '  won'  I  impede  tl  uir  pnigress 
and  they  p  "d  on  siill  faster.  The  roiel  lay 
tbroiigh  the  sage  brii''i  ami  soon  if  was  hot  and 
dusty  and  the  dust  -tuck  to  them  until  they 
looked  like  blacl-,  jjeople,  thus  on  and  on  they 
travided.  day  'iftcr  diiy.  facing  all  danger,  slowly 
but  surely  tli"y  advanced.  They  reaibeii  !!car 
river,  a  tributary  of  Suit  l,ake.  Here  they  loiiinl 
hot  water  and  soda  water  springs.  Sume  ol  the 
springs  continually  sent  up  sjnirts  of  steam  and 
were  called  steamboat  springs.  Le.iving  Hour 
river  to  the  left  tlicy  reacli('<|  Snake  river  and 
followed  it  many  days,  finding  more  boiling  hot 
springs,  camped  out  iieside  them  ami  ma<le  cof- 
fee with  the  water  and  boiled  it  in  the  spring. 
When  they  arrived  at  Kort  Hall,  one  man  who 
bad  a  family  got  <Mit  of  Hour  and  gave  a  yoke  of 
oxen,  valued  at  !?I()()  for  100  pounds  of  fioiir, 
and  then  it  did  not  last  his  journey  tbroiigli. 
At  the  fording  place  in  the  river  the  water  was 
very  swift  and  "oelow  it  was  a  deep  eddy,  and  if 
the  teams  were  not  kept  up  in  the  right  place 
they  would  l>e  lost  with  the  load  that  was  so 
valuable  to  the  emigrants.  Kor  someilays  they 
tr.iveled  all  day  without  water  for  man  or  beast. 
By  September  they  only  had  bacon  and  bread  to 
eat,  but  at  Salmon  falls,  on  Snake  river  they  got 
fish  from  the  Indians.  Following  this  river 
they  came  to  Burnt  river,  followed  it  reveral 
days,  crossed  it  and  left  it  to  the  right.  Here 
they  came  to  high  bills,  which  seemetl  as  if  they 
could  not  be  climbed,  but  by  doubling  teams 
••liey  made  the  ascent  and  then  tbund  it  was  just 
a-  litHcult  to  get  down  safely,  and  in  this  elfort 
one  wagon  w;n  smashed.  They  next  came  to 
Powder  river,  vhicli  takes  its  name  Irom  the 
sand  which  is  black  and  like  jiowder.  From 
here  they  soon  reachod  Grass  valley,  then 
Grande  Ronde  valley  and,  in  two  days  after- 
ward crosseil  the  Blue  mountains  and  reached 
the  Umatilla  river.  Here  hoiuo  of  the  men 
went  to  Walla  Walla  for  supplies  from  Dr. 
Whitman.  They  got  from  him  some  unbolted 
flour  and  came  down  the  Umatilla  rivar  to  the 


273 


HISTORY    Oh'    OliKGON. 


J  a 


Colnml)ia  river,  then  down  its  steep  sides  and 
over  hills,  crossing  .lolin  Day's  near  the  (Jolimi- 
liia  at  the  Des  Chutes.  Tiiey  crossed  on  a  zi<f- 
zag  ford  and  enijayed  an  Indian  to  help  them. 
In  this  way  they  reached  tiie  Dalies,  where  they 
])iuchased  a  few  small  potatoes  and  some  heef, 
paying  a  lai<;e  price  for  theni.  Here  they 
camped  a  lew  days  and  then  crossed  the  Cas- 
cades; dro\e  the  caitle  on  r  trail  and  made 
them  swim  from  side  to  side  of  the  Columhia 
and  they  found  plenty  of  grass,  hut  not  much 
food.  The  journey  to  the  Willamette,  down 
the  mountains,  on  either  side  of  the  r!ver,  was 
ahout  100  miles.  The  wagons  and  the  women 
were  hrought  down  the  river  in  open  boats, 
which  were  e.vtreinely  dangerous.  It  was  lale 
in  tiie  fall  and  cold  and  the  jjoods  became 
damaged  by  the  rain  and  caused  mncli  .iiiffering. 
The  Hudson's  Hay  Company  t'urnishc<l  the  boats. 
They  were  twenty  feet  long,  by  eight  wide,  pro- 
pelle.l  bv  four  oars  and  steered  by  a  rudder. 
The  river  was  about  a  mile  wide  and  any  sudden 
gu-it  of  wind  made  the  water  rough,  and  it  was 
with  the  i;reatest  difficulty  that  the  boats  were 
propelled  through  it.  At  the  Cascade  falls  the 
wagons  had  to  be  put  together  to  make  a  port- 
age. At  this  time  it  was  raining  hard  and  seven 
miles  had  to  be  covered  to  the  lower  boat  land- 
ing. One  lioat  loaded  with  women  and  children 
came  very  near  going  down  the  Cascades  falls, 
but  were  finally  rescued  by  those  on  shore,  a 
rope  being  used  to  pull  them  in.  The  road 
around  the  falls  waa  deep  mu  1  and  slush  and 
it  took  a  day  to  load  and  make  one  trip.  After 
one  trip  they  stopped  at  the  lower  landing  and 
cut  wood  for  a  tire.  Mr.  Brown  went  to  a  tree 
that  had  slipped  down  the  mountain  side,  top 
foremost.  lie  began  to  chop  and  a  large  gap 
was  broken  into  the  edge  of  his  ax.  This  tree 
was  petrified.  lie  got  other  wood  and  made 
the  tire  and  the  women  prepared  supper  and 
they  retired,  although  the  rain  fell  all  night. 
The  water  ran  under  the  tent  and  \y  ;t  the  beds 
and  everything,  so  they  were  actually  lying  in 
the  water.  Tlie  next  day  the  wet  things  were 
loaded  in  a  boat  and  they  caine  down  to  Fort 
Vancouver.  There  they  obtained  more  pro- 
visions, but  it  took,  in  all. about  two  months  for 
all  to  come  from  the  Dalles  to  Lincoln  on  the 
Willamette  river,  where  they  crossed  the  Portland 
mountains.  In  crossing  the  river  a  rope  was 
put  about  the  neck  of  a  gentle  ox  ami  he  was 
led  into  the  river,  by  men  in  a  canoe  and  the 
other    stock    driven  in     followed    across    and 


thus  crossed  a  great  many  cattle  at  a  time, 
althou(rh  there  was  danger  of  drownintr  some  of 
them.  The  emigrants  catne  up  the  Willamette 
valley  and  that  (irst  winter  Mr.  Iirown  worked 
for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  for  tloiir,  tools 
and  seed  wheat.  There  was  a  tlouring-tnill  at 
the  Willamette  falls.  Mr.  Brown  says  that  the 
Government  could  Imvo,  and  should  have  fur- 
nished the  poor  emigrants  with  tools  and  seed 
and  wonlil  soon  have  reaped  enough  benefit 
from  the  taxes  to  pay  it  all  back. 

There  was  a  French  settlement  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river,  and  the  most  of  them  had  In- 
dian wives  and  they  furnished  the  mill  with 
wheat.  There  were  a  few  .\inerican  settlers, 
far  apart  and  a  few  missionaries  were  located 
at  the  spot  where  Salem  now  is.  Such  was  the 
Willamette  valley  when  Mr.  Brown  arrived. 
The  poor  emigrants  saw  hard  times,  lived  on 
pea  coffee  and  boiled  wheat.  The  houses  were 
little  and  poor,  many  of  them  without  doors  or 
windows  and  the  country  was  full  of  Indians. 
It  seemed  that  dangers  anil  privations  were  upon 
every  hand.  Mr.  Brown  says  that  they  under- 
went so  many  hardships  that  two  sections  of 
land  would  i.ot  have  paid  for  it.  However, 
there  was  nothing  for  them  to  do  but  make  the 
best  of  it  and  they  labored  under  immense  dis- 
advantages for  want  of  means  and  tools  tg  work 
with.  When  the  wheat  was  raised  it  was  win- 
nowed in  the  wind  to  take  out  t^se  chaH",  some 
throwing  it  up  and  others  taking  it  up  into  a 
scaffold  and  pouring  it  do  .n.  Very  slow  and  poor 
work  was  made  of  it.  1  .ere  was  nothing  to  pay 
debts  with  and  so  wheat  was  made  legal  tender. 
There  was  no  money  in  Oregon  until  after  the 
discovery  of  gold  in  California.  The  times  im- 
proved tlien  and  the  faithful  workers  succeeded. 

Mr.  Brown  took  his  claim  on  the  Liickamute, 
in  Polk  county,  a  mile  square  of  land  and  settled 
upon  it  in  the  spring  of  1845  and  has  since  re- 
sided upon  it  and  kept  it  clear  of  incumbrance. 
During  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1848  the  settlers 
of  the  Willamette  valley  volunteered  and  there 
were  few  men  left  in  the  valley  while  the  war 
continued.  One  day,  while  Mr.  Brown  was  at 
work  his  wife  sent  for  him  to  come  to  the  lionse 
quickly  as  there  was  an  Indian,  who  was  very 
angry  bocanse  he  could  not  induce  her  to  give 
him  a  tin  bucket  he  wanted.  Mr.  Brown  entered 
the  house,  and  taking  the  redskin  by  the  neck 
put  him  out  of  the  (loor,  not  knowing  that  he 
had  a  gun.  The  Indian  produced  his  gun, 
cocked  it  and  threatened  to  shoot,  but  Mr.  Brown 


njsToiir  OF  oitKooN. 


27:) 


reasoned  Iwm  out  of  it  by  telling  him  that  if  lie, 
Mr.  Brown,  had  (tome  to  his,  the  Infiiaii's,  honse 
and  frifflitened  his  wife  he  would  have  done  just 
riffht  to  have  kicked  him  oiit-of-doorti.  Tiie  In- 
dian saw  the  justice  of  the  remark  and  put  the 
gun  by  the  fence  and  Mr.  Urown  could  easily 
liave  obtained  possession  of  the  gun  and  shot 
the  Indian,  but  did  not  wish  to  do  so,  as  there 
wasanencainpmentof  some  200  near  by.  These 
Indians  could  have  killed  all  the  settlers  in  the 
valley  at  that  time,  if  they  had  wished  to  do  so. 
These  were  some  of  the  dangers  to  which  tiie 
early  settlers  were  exposed. 

December  19,  1847,  Mr.  iJrown  married  Miss 
Sarah  Nichols,  a  native  of  Clay  county,  Missouri 
born  in  1832.  She  w«a  a  daughter  of  John 
Nichols,  who  came  to  Oregon,  in  1844.  He 
settled  a  donation  claim  on  the  Luckainnte  and 
here  lived  an  honest,  upright  life,  dying  in  his 
eighty-second  year,  liis  wife  Ifaving  died  six 
years  before,  »gcd  seventy-tive. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  had  ten  children  and 
their  names  are:  Regina,  who  ditu  in  her 
twelfth  year;  Nancy  Catherine  died  in  her  ninth 
year;  John, lives  on  the  farm  near  by;  Elizabeth 
is  now  Mrs.  Harvey  Gage;  Joseiihine  is  Mrs. 
J.  C.  Prink;  William  is  a  farmer  near  his  father; 
Sarah  died  when  three  years  old;  Eliza,  Ruth, 
Christina  and  Henrietta,  are  at  home  with 
their  parents.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr. 
Brown  is  independent  in  politics,  never  wanted 
office  and  is  a  fine  representative  of  the  early 
Oregon  pioneer. 

§0  N  O  R  A  B  L  E  RUFIJS  MALLORV,  a 
member  of  th.  bar  of  Oregon,  was  an  early 
settler  of  this  vicinity,  having  come  here 
in  185y.  He  is  a  ;iative  of  New  York  State, 
where  he  was  born  in  Chenango  county,  June 
10,  1831.  His  father,  Samuel  Mallory,  was  a 
native  oT  Connecticut,  being  born  in  that  State  in 
1781.  The  family  is  of  English  ancestry,  com- 
ing to  America  in  the  early  history  of  its  settle- 
ment. His  grandfather,  David  Mallory,  was  a 
New  Englander,  and  a  participant  in  the  war 
for  indi_^iendence,  having  fouglit  in  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill,  and  for  his  services  in  that 
struggle,  he  received  froin  tht  United  States  a 
land  warrant  as  a  reward.  Mr.  Mallory's  father 
married  Miss  Lucretia  Davis,  a  native  of  Con- 
necticut, who  was  born  in  1788.     She  also  was  a 


descendant  of  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  .New 
E]nglaiul.  Her  father,  .lohii  l)avis,  lived  to  be 
ninety-six  years  of  age. 

Our  subject  was  tlio  youngest  of  nine  chil- 
dren, six  of  whom  survive.  He  was  reared  in 
his  native  State,  working  oil  hi^  father's  farm 
and  attending  the  district  school  in  Steuben 
county  and  later  attending  the  Alfred  Academy 
and  the  Teacher's  [Jniversitv.  doincr  farm  work 
and  teaching  alternately.  In  1848  ho  accepted 
a  clerkship  in  a  store  in  Allegiiany  county.  New 
York.  One  of  the  partners,  Jonathan  Everetts, 
and  old  New  Hampshire  man,  had  a  library  of 
law  books,  and  Mr.  Mallory,  while  there,  lie- 
came  interested  in  the  study  of  law.  In  1855, 
he  went  to  New  London,  iowa,.  where  he  taught 
a  district  school,  and  afterward  taught  a  select 
school,  in  the  meantime  keeping  up  the  study 
of  law.  In  1858,  he  came  to  Oregon,  coming 
by  water  to  San  Francisco,  and  fi'om  there  over- 
land to  this  State,  arriving  at  Jacksonville,  .Ian- 
nary  1,  1859.  From  .lacksouville  he  went  to 
Roseburg,  wliore  he  arrived  entirely  destitute 
of  means,  and  where  he  taught  school  until  the 
spring  of  18G0.  He  was  theti  admitted  to  the 
bar,  and  at  the  election  that  year  was  chosen 
District  Attorney  for  the  Southern  District, 
comprising  Douglas,  Jackson  and  Josephine 
counties,  which  otHce  he  continued  to  till  accept- 
ably for  two  years.  In  1862,  he  was  elected 
from  Douglas  county  to  the  Legislature,  and 
while  in  Salem,  attending  the  Session,  the  old- 
est law  firm  there  was  broken  up  by  the  elect- 
ion of  B.  F.  Harding  to  the  United  States'  Sen- 
ate, and  the  appointinent  of  Joseph  G.  Wilson, 
who  was  Disti'ict  Attorney,  to  a  Judgeship, 
newly  created  for  die  district  east  (»f  the  (Cas- 
cade mountains.  This  firm  offered  him  their 
liusiness,  and  Governor  Gibbs  proposed  to  ap- 
point him  District  Attorney  for  the  Third  Dis- 
trict. These  offers  he  accepted,  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  Salem.  In  18fi4,  lie  was  elected 
District  Attorney  to  succeed  himself.  In  1806, 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  jerving  two  years, 
after  which  he  returned  to  Salem  and  resumed 
his  law  practice.  In  1872,  he  represented 
Marion  county  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  by  that  boily  to  the  office  of  Speaker  of 
the  House.  In  the  fall  of  1874,  he  received 
from  President  Grant  the  appointment  of 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Oregon, 
serving  in  that  capacity  for  four  years,  when  he 
was  re-appointed,  his  second  term  expiring  in 
1882.     He  was  at  this    time   selected    by  the 


374 


HlsroiiV    OF    UUJiOON. 


\i    '■ 


III 


I'nited  States'  Treasurer  Department  to  go  to 
Sin;;a|)()re.  Inilia,  to  procure  evidence  in  certain 
important  (jnes-tions,  tlien  pendini;  in  tiie  United 
States*'  Court.  After  accoin])lisliing  his  inissioti 
lie  liept  on  jonrncYing,  tnalcing  the  tour  of  the 
world  in  five  months.  In  1883  lie  and  Judge 
Hoilinger  became  memhers  of  the  law  firm  of 
Dolph,  l!fllinger,  Mallory  &  Simon,  since 
which  time  he  lias  continued  in  the  practice  of 
law  ill  Portiund.  Kach  of  the  members  of  the 
til  .11  are  men  of  position  and  influence,  widely 
known  througiiont  the  State  and  the  Northwest, 
in  consequence  of  which  the  Hrni  enjoys  a  very 
large  ami  lucrative  practice. 

lie  was  married  .hine  24,  1860,  to  Miss  Lucy 
A.  liose,  a  native  of  Micliigan.  and  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  Aaron  liose,  a  pioneer  of  Oregon,  and 
tlie  founder  of  the  town  of  liosehurg.  They 
have  one  son.  F.hner  Ellsworth,  who  was  born 
in  Salem,  and  who  is  now  connected  with  the 
I'ostal  Telegraph  business. 

Mr.  Mallory  has  purchased  a  tract  of  land 
two  miles  from  the  city,  where  he  lias  built  his 
residence,  a  substantial  and  homelike  building, 
provided  with  all  modern  improvements;  and 
also  commodious  barns  for  his  stock  and  grain. 
Here,  lie  is  giving  .some  attention  to  horticul- 
ture, raising  small  fruits,  cherries  and  pears, 
which  occupation  affords  him  pleasure  and  tiie 
needed  relaxation  from  mental  pursuits.  He  is 
making  his  farm  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
places  in  the  vicinity  of  Portland. 

He  has  been  identified  with  the  liepublican 
party  since  its  organization,  having  rendered  it 
material  aid  on  various  occasions.  He  has  can- 
vassed the  State  several  times  in  the  interest  of 
its  |)olitical  doctrines,  and  has  made  his  weight 
felt  in  these  campaigns.  In  his  official  positions, 
he  has  been  the  soul  of  honor,  winning  and  re- 
taining the  confidence  of  the  people.  In  legal 
practice,  he  has  looked  carefully  after  the  in- 
terests intrusted  to  him,  serving  Ills  clients  in  an 
able  and  upright  manner.  In  private  and  do- 
mestic life,  he  is  a  whole-souled  gentleman,  of 
courteous  and  agreeable  conversation,  a  pleasant 
acquaintance  and  a  delightful  friend. 


fOHN  PA1TP:RS()N,  a  well-known  citizen 
of  Salem,  vas  born  at  iJeveriy,  Washington 
county,  Ohio,  in  1842.  His  father  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  learned  the  trade  of 
a  moulder.     He  continued   his   business  under 


the  firm  name  of  liobertson  &  Patterson,  at 
Beverly,  giving  especial  attention  to  the  manu- 
facture of  stoves.  Young  Patterson  grew  up  in 
the  business,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  be- 
gan systematically  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  moulder. 
This  lie  followed  until  April,  1861,  but  with  the 
firing  upon  Fort  Sumter  iie  threw  aside  his 
tools  and  enlisted  for  ninety  days  in  Company 
K.,  Eighteenth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  under 
Colonel  Stanley.  He  was  sent  to  Virginia,  and 
served  as  guard  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
r.iilroail,  also  doing  some  skirmishing.  After 
about  four  months  lie  was  discharged,  and  then 
re-enlisted  in  Company  K,  Seventy-seventh 
Ohio  Volunteer  I  ""antry  for  three  years.  He 
was  elected  Corporal  of  his  company,  under 
(Colonel  Hildebrand,  and  the  regiment  was 
assigned  to  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  under 
General  Sherman.  At  the  battle  of  Shiloh  Mr. 
Patterson  was  wounded,  and  was  afterward  dis- 
charge on  account  of  disability.  He  then  went 
home,  and  upon  his  recovery  re-enlisted  in  the 
Fourth  West  Virginia  Cavalry,  witii  the  appoint- 
ment of  Sergeant.  He  had  no  heavy  engage- 
ments and  was  discharged  at  the  e.xpi ration  of 
his  term  of  enlistment,  March  7,  186-4.  He 
then  went  to  Marietta,  Ohio,  and  later  to  Mc- 
Connellsville,  where  he  followed  his  vocation 
until  1872.  In  that  year  he  came  to  Oregon 
and  located  in  Portland.  The  manufacture  of 
stovts  in  Portland  had  jn'oven  a  failure  becaiwe 
of  incompetent  men,  but  it  was  left  to  Mr. 
Patterson  to  disprove  the  conviction  that  it 
could  not  be  done.  He  was  employed  eighteen 
months  with  John  Lake,  and  then  came  to  (ior- 
vais,  formed  a  small  company  and  purchased 
the  Gervais  foundry.  He  began  the  manufact- 
ure of  stoves  and  kettles,  and  did  a  general  job- 
bing business  for  three  years.  At  the  end  of 
that  time  he  sold  out  to  the  Pacific  Tliresliing- 
Macliine  Company,  and  followed  his  trade  until 
the  company  failed.  Ho  and  Mr.  Devoe  then 
bought  the  patterns,  and  at  the  penitentiary, 
with  convict  labor,  operated  the  foundry  for  two 
years;  they  were  burned  out,  and  after  this 
misfortune  started  a  foundry  in  town,  but  while 
was  again  destroyed  by  the  fire-spirit.  Mr.  Pat- 
terson then  engaged  as  general  foreman  with  the 
Northwest  Stove  Foundry,  located  at  the  peni- 
tentiary. He  held  this  position  until  1890,  when 
he  gave  up  the  business. 

In  May,  1891,  he  purchased  an  interest  in 
the  patent  of  the  Crabh  Iron  Fence  for  the 
State  of  Oregon,  ai.d   he  is   now  pushing  this 


t1 


insTOliY    OF    OHUdON. 


S75 


business  to  the  front.  He  has  secured  large 
contracts  from  tlie  State  for  fouciuij  tlie  State 
grounds.  In  Marcli,  1888,  he  Ijought  twelve 
acres  at  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  and  Ferry 
streets,  a  part  of  whiiih  he  has  divided  and  sold. 
[lis  residence  was  erected  on  the  corner,  and  he 
still  owns  a  valuable  frontage  and  has  other  im- 
proved property  in  the  town. 

Mr.  Patterson  was  married  at  New  Lexing- 
ton, Ohio,  September  8,  18G4,  to  Miss  Harriet 
White,  and  of  this  union  have  been  born  three 
children:  Annie  L.,  wife  of  C.  Krigbaum; 
Stella,  wife  of  Richard  Mason;  and  John  It. 
Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and 
is  richly  deserving  of  this  honor.  Ho  belongs 
to  the  A.  0.  IJ.  W.  and  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

fL.  P  O  S  S  ()  N,  one  of  the  active  business 
men  of  Portland,  was  born  in  Rockford, 
*  Illinois,  in  1839.  His  parents,  Jacob 
and  Mary  (Sherwood)  Posson,  were  natives  of 
New  York  State,  subsequently  emigrating  to 
Illinois,  where  Mr.  Posson  engaged  in  farming, 
and  also  carried  on  a  cooperage  establishment 
until  his  death,  in  1842. 

t)ur  subject  was  second  in  a  family  of  three 
children,  and  was  reared  and  educated  by  his 
mother,  in  Rockford.  In  the  spring  of  1856 
he  went  to  Loukport,  New  York,  to  learn  the 
trade  of  carriage  and  sign  painting,  and  served 
three  years'  apprenticeship,  fie  then  returned 
to  Rockford  and  opened  a  shop,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1861,  when,  with  the  outbreaking 
of  the  civil  war  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  re- 
spond to  the  call  for  ninety-day  mers,  and  en- 
listed in  Company  U,  Eleventh  Illinois  Infantry, 
serving  his  time  in  southern  Illinois  and  Mis- 
souri. Ho  was  then  mustered  out.  In  1864 
he  re-enlisted  for  one  year  in  Battery  A,  First 
Illinois  Artillery,  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged. 

After  his  return  from  the  war  he  continued 
his  profession  in  Rockford,  a  manufacturing 
city  of  about  27,000  inhabitants.  He  was  a 
charter  menibei'  of  Nevius  Post,  Ci.  A.  R.,  of 
Rockford,  Illinois,  and  was  also  very  active  in 
•temperance  and  church  work.  In  the  fall  of 
1882  ho  removed  to  Oregon  and  purchased  a 
home  on  East  Stark  and  Twenty-eighth  streets. 
East  Portland.  Mr.  Posson  continued  in  the 
painting  business  in  East  Portland  until  July, 
1890,  when,  with  h's  son  Ony,  the  firm  of  F. 


L.  Posson  &  Son  was  organized,  and  tln^y  pur- 
chased the  seed  business  of  Miller  Hi-others,  one 
of  the  oldest  seed  firms  of  the  city,  continuing 
their  office  at  309  Second  street  and  trial 
grounds  for  testing  seeds  on  the  ba-e-line-road, 
East  Portland.  They  are  extensive  growers  of 
the  larger  seeds,  such  as  peas,  beans,  corn, 
buckwheat  and  grass  seeds,  and  are  Pacilio 
coast  agents  of  1).  M.  Ferry  &  ('ompany,  of 
Detroit,  Michigan,  the  largest  vegetable  seed 
house  on  the  continent;  also  Paci lie  coast  agents 
of  A.  I.  Root,  of  Medina,  Ohio,  who  is  gener- 
ally conceded  to  be  the  largest  manufacturer  of 
apiary  supplies  in  the  world.  Posson  &  Son 
also  handle  Imperial  egg  food,  fertilizers  and  a 
general  assortment  cf  fruit  trees,  flowering 
plants  and  shrubs. 

Mr.  Posson  was  married  in  Rockford,  in  1863, 
to  Marietta  Nashold,  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  they  have  six  children,  namely:  Leora.  wife 
of  Edward  Schraeer;  Guy,  Lorena,  Olive  E.  and 
Wilbur  F.  The  oldest  'son,  Guy,  was  born  in 
Rockford,  Illinois,  in  1868,  and  educated  in  his 
native  city.  Upon  coming  to  Oregon  he  en- 
tered the  store  of  H.  Hanson,  the  pioneer  seed 
merchant,  and  subsequently  became  traveling 
salesman  for  E.  J.  Howen^  seed  tnerchant,  of 
San  Francisco,  remaining  iti  his  employ  for 
about  seven  years,  traveling  throughout  the 
Northwest  and  becoming  thoroughly  familiar 
with  the  trade  and  the  people,  thus  becoming 
eminently  fitted  to  engage  in  the  business. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1888,  to 
Miss  Lulu  McGowan,  and  they  have  one  child, 
Mabel.  The  family  reside  at  East  Park  and 
Twenty-sevenlh  streets,  where  they  have  a  com- 
fortable residence,  which  was  completed  in 
1888. 

T'iW  firm  has  made  rapid  progress  in  the  en- 
terprise,   and    has    already    become    a    leading , 
factor  in  the  seed  business  of  the  Northwest. 


PENJAMIN  T.  FLINT,  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  farmers  and  widely  known  and 
liighly  respected  citizens  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  residing  near  Scholl's  Ferry, 
was  born  near  Quincy,  Adams  county,  lUitiois, 
April  9,  1836.  His  parents,  Arial  and  Peces 
(Pinnoy)  Flint,  were  born,  reared  and  married 
in  Connectioui.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of 
Judge    Pinuey  of  that   State,  who  belonged  to 


If 


I!, 


n  I 

if. 


3;o 


UISTOUY    OF    OliEQON. 


ail  old  and  prominent  family  of  tiiat  eominon- 
wealtii.  After  iiiarria<;e,  this  yonnj;  couple  re- 
moved to  the  Western  frontier,  ns  Illinois  was 
then  called,  where  they  enija^ed  snceessfully  in 
fanning.  They  had  four  children:  Henry  P., 
a  resident  of  iSan  Hnonaventiira,  California; 
Aineliil,  wife  of  Iloyt  Foster,  a  railroad  man  of 
Albany,  New  York;  lilizabcth,  widow  of  A. 
W.  Allen,  residiiif^  in  Springtield,  Massaehn- 
Bctts;  and  the  subject  of  this  sketcdi,  who  was 
the  third  chiUl.  When  he  was  two  years  of  age, 
his  mother  died,  after  which  his  father  remar- 
ried and  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  resided  until 
his  death,  at  the  age  of  forty-nine  years.  By 
his  sccoikJ  marriage  he  had  four  children,  all  of 
whom  live  in  California. 

Mr.  Flint,  of  this  i)iography,  spent  his  earlier 
years  in  Illinois  and  Ohio,  until,  at  the  age  of 
"thirteen  years,  when  his  father  died,  he  went  to 
Connecticut  and  lived  with  his  grandfather 
Pinney.  In  1850,  being  then  twenty  years  of 
age,  lie  sailed  for  San  Francisco,  and  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  after  arriving  in  California,  worked 
at  sheep  herding  in  Monterey  county.  lie 
saved  his  wages  and  learned  the  business,  and 
soon  started  on  his  own  account,  with  a  herd  of 
245  sheep,  which  he  bought.  In  this  venture 
he  was  greatly  prospered,  following  it  for  twelve 
years,  until  18H8.  lie  then  sold  out  and  re- 
turned P2ast,  where  he  was  married,  October  21, 
of  that  year,  to  Miss  Julia  Lawrence,  born  April 
2(5,  1848.  in  Worcester  county,  Massachusetts. 
Her  lather,  Samuel  Lawrence,  was  a  man  of 
considerable  note,  a  native  of  Maine  and  of 
English  ancestry.  After  marriage,  Mr.  Flint 
returned  with  his  wife  to  the  West  and  pur- 
chased the  land  on  which  he  now  resides.  This 
included  800  acres,  which  he  secured  at  the 
nominal  price  of  .^'10  an  acre,  and  which  com- 
prised all  of  Judge  lliimplirey's  donation  claim 
and  other  land,  which  is  bounded  on  the  back 
by  the  Tualatin  river.  Neither  time  nor  money 
has  been  spared  in  its  improvement,  and  it  has 
responded  generously  to  th«  care  lavished  upon 
it,  yielding  bounteous  harvests  of  the  choicest 
fruits  and  grains.  In  1881  Mr.  Flint  erected  a 
commodious  farm  residence,  which  stands  on  a 
slight  eleration  well  back,  near  the  middle  of 
tiie  farm.  Hack  of  the  house  and  beyond  a 
slight  depression,  on  two  knolls,  stand  two  large 
barns,  which  accommodate  his  grain  anl  stock. 
This  depression  is  laid  with  tile  drainage,  pre- 
venting the  accumulation  of  superfluous  water 
in  wet  weather.     From  the  inclosure,  surround- 


ing his  residence,  gates  open  into  lanes  leading 
to  the  several  tields.  The  front  yard  is  filled 
with  flowers  in  summer,  with  neatly  kept  walks 
and  lawn,  the  whoie  wearing  an  air  of  thrift 
and  contentment  most  pleasing  to  behold.  In- 
deed, the  writer  of  this  sketch,  has  not  met  in 
the  whole  of  Oregon  a  more  thrifty,  Ijetter  im- 
proved or  better  tiled  farm  than  this  one,  the  sight 
of  which  creates  a  desire  to  live  amid  rural 
scenes.  It  is  not  surprising  that  Mr.  Flint 
should  love  the  place  and  be  tirinly  determined 
to  live  and  die  on  it.  He  and  his  worthy  wife 
have  two  Sims,  who  are  now  yuung  men:  Arthur 
Penjamin,  born  March  8,  1870;  and  Harry 
Lawrence,  born  February  lit,  1873.  Both  were 
reared  on  the  farm  anil  educated  at  the  State 
University,  and  both  are  now  at  home,  aiding 
their  father  in  managinij  the  farm. 

Politically,  Mr.   Flii     lias  been  a  reliable  Ke- 

fubliean   since   the  -organization  of   tlie  party, 
le  is  an  active  member  of  tlie  Grange,  to  whicli 
he  has  belonged  for  many  years. 

As  a  husband,  father,  business  man  and  citi- 
zen, he  has  always  been  characterized  by  the 
most  sterling  qiialitieB  of  mind  and  heart,  and 
justly  enjoys  the  eontidence  and  esteem  of  his 
community. 


*i=- 


-=$t. 


iLBERT  N.  MOORKS  is  one  of  Salem'd 
native  sons,  and  one  of  her  most  reliable 
and  promising  young  business  men.  He 
was  born  in  this  city  ilay  12,  1855,  a  son  of 
tlie  Hon.  John  II.  Moore,  one  of  Oregon's 
worthy  pioneers,  now  deceased.  (See  sketch  of 
Hon.  John  H.  Moores.)  The  paternal  grand- 
father, Co'oiiel  Isaac  li.  Moores,  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  he  served  in  the  Seminole  war  in 
Florida,  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1831,  and 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  in  1846.  He  emigrated 
to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  became  prominently 
identified  with  the  affairs  of  his  town  and 
county.  He  represented  Lane  county  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention ;  he  was  the  choice 
of  his  party  for  State  Senator,  in  1860,  and  was 
a  candidate  upon  the  Repuiiliean  ticket.  He 
died  in  1861.  John  H.  Moores  married  Miss 
Virginia  Lamon,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  a 
member  of  an  old  family  of  that  State.  She 
was  reared  in  Illinois,  and  became  the  motlier 
of  seven  children,  on?  of  whom  die<l  in  infancy. 


niSTOUY    OF    ORBGON. 


277 


Albert  N.  is  the  youngest  son.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Baleni  and 
in  the  Willamette  University,  j);raduating  at 
the  latter  institntion  in  1876. 

After  leaving  school  he  succeeded  liis  father 
in  the  lumber  business,  and  is  now  secretary  and 
manager  of  the  Capital  Lumbering  Company, 
of  wliich  lie  is  also  a  stockholder.  He  is  a 
man  of  energy  and  enterprise,  is  careful  and 
painstaking;  in  the  details  of  all  transactions, 
and  is  hif^hly  regarded  in  commercial  circles. 

Mr.  Moores  was  married  May  26,  1885,  to 
Mis.s  Cora  L.  Dickenson,  a  native  of  Salem  and 
the  daugliter  of  Jiev.  Obed  Dickinson,  whose 
history  appears  elsewhere  in  this  book.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Moores  are  the  parents  of  two  children, 
Ralph  D.  a!id  Althea  E.  Mr.  Moores  is  an  ex- 
empt fireman  and  an  esteemed  member  of  the 
I.  O.  ().  F.,  l)eing  Past  Grand  of  Chemeketa 
Lodge,  No.  1. 


fOLONEL  R.  W.  MITCHELL,  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  was  born 
in  Schenectady,  New  York,  in  August, 
18i5.  His  father,  James  Mitchell,  was  a  native 
of  the  north  of  Ireland,  his- mother,  Margaret 
(Creighton)  Mitchell,  was  born  in  Calcutta,  East 
India,  a  daughter  of  Lieutenant- Colonel  William 
Creighton  of  the  Eight  Hussars.  Coming  to 
United  States  and  locating  at  Schenectady,  Mr. 
Mitchell  was  first  engaged  as  contractor  in  the 
buildincr  of  the  Albany  &  Sciienectady  rail- 
road, J.,  -equently  engaging  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits, which  he  followed  until  1859,  wlien  he  re- 
moved to  Albany,  New  York,  where  he  passed 
the  closing  years  of  his  life. 

Our  subject  was  educated  at  the  common 
schools  of  Schenectady  and  Albany  with  a  fin 
ishing  coarse  under  private  tuition.  In  1862 
young  Mitchell  entered  the  office  of  Walter 
Dickson  to  take  up  the  study  of  architectural 
drawing,  which  he  pursued  until  August  26, 
1863,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  army.  lie  joined 
the  Eigteentli  New  York  Cavalry  and  with 
them  was  sent  to  the  Department  of  the  Gulf. 
In  the  line  of  duty  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Acting  Sergeant. 

In  September,  1864,  he  was  detailed  for 
special  duty  and  sent  to  the  Department  of  North 
Carolina,  and  in  April,  1865,  to  Hart's  Island, 
New  York,  with   frequent   trips  to  the  front. 


participating  in  the  engagement  at  Faison's 
Station,  North  Carolina,  and  in  several  skir- 
mishes on  the  Nciise  river.  He  was  captured  on 
the  night  of  February  14,  1865,  by  a  detach- 
ment of  Hood's  men,  but  escaped  on  the  third 
night,  returning  to  the  Union  army  and  was 
mustered  out  May  24,  following.  Returning  to 
Atl)any,  New  York,  he  performed  the  duties  of 
bookkeeper  for  four  years  and  was  then  ap- 
pointed stenographer  to  the  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
Treasury  De|)Hrtment  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Among  other  commissions  of  trust,  and  re- 
sponsibilty,  he  made  one  trip  to  London,  Ii)ng- 
land,  to  deliver  into  the  hands  of  Howies 
Brothers,  bankers,  $5,000,000  in  United  States 
Government  bonds.  In  January,  1870,  he  was 
appointed  stenographer  to  the  Court  of  Com- 
missioners of  the  Alabama  Claim,  remaining 
with  the  court  until  its  dissolution  by  law  in 
1875.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  then  appointed  private 
secretary  to  Hon.  Carl  Schurz,  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  and  was  frequently  sent  to  New  York 
with  amounts  ranging  from  $1,000,000  to  $2,- 
000,000  in  Government  bonds. 

In  1878  Mr.  Mitchell  was  appointed  Special 
Agent  of  the  Interior  Department  to  inspect 
the  different  land  offices  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
accompanying  the  commissioner  of  the  general 
land  office.  While  on  this  duty,  Mr.  Mitchell 
becoming  interested  in  mining  in  Arizona,  re- 
signed his  position  and  followed  mining  specu- 
lations about  two  years,  which  resulted  rather 
disastrously.  In  the  fall  of  1879  he  was  ap- 
pointed Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ari- 
zona, by  Governor  John  C.  Fremont,  and  held 
the  position  long  enough  to  learn  that  the 
Legislature  had  failed  to  make  an  appropriation 
for  his  salary.  He  was  then  re-appointed  to 
duty  under  the  Interior  Department  by  Secre- 
tary Schurz,  and  investigated  a  great  many 
alleged  frauds  successfully,  among  them  being 
the  great  surveying  frauds  in  California  and 
illegal  transactions  in  the  Indian  service  in 
California  and  Arizona. 

In  1880  our  subject  came  to  the  Northwest  on 
the  same  duty,  and  after  a  year's  service  in  the 
land  department  was  appointed  by  Henry  Villsrd 
as  Land  Commissioner  of  the  Oregon  Improve- 
ment Company,  which  controlled  a  vast  domain 
in  eastern  Washington.     In    1882  he   was  ap- 

fiointed  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Land 
)ep«rtmet,  and  in  1887  by  Lazard  Freres  was 
appointed  Land  Agent  of  the  AVillainette  valley 
and    Cascade    mountain    military    wagon  roao, 


27a 


iiisTonr  OF  onuGoN. 


whieli  jjositioii  he  occupies  at  this  time,  having 
tiie  niaiuif^eineiit  of  upward  of  1,000,000  acrea 
of  land  ill  <  )regon. 

In  the  two  positions  last  named,  Mr.  Mitchell 
has  manaf^ed  the  examinations  and  appraisal  of 
upward  of  5,000,000  acres  of  land  and  can  tell 
to  the  fraction  of  a  mill  what  it  has  cost  to  ex- 
amine every  acre.  In  1888  he  was  appointed 
Assistantant  Adjutant-General  of  the  State  of 
Oregon  l)y  Governor  Sylvester  Pennoyer,  and  ' 
October,  18S)1.  he  was  made  Adjutant-General. 
In  .January,  1801,  he  was  elected  manager  of 
the  Portland  Industrial  Exposition,  and  was 
unanimously  re-elected  in  ilanuary,  1892. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Crreenville,  Mis- 
sissippi, in  1878,  to  Miss  Anna  G.  Elliott,  a 
native  of  the  same  State.  He  has  four  children: 
Orrel.J.,  Robert  C,  Walter  and  Elliott  Maxwell. 

Colonel  Mitchell  is  a  member  of  Georj^e 
Wright  Post,  G.  A.  R.  and  of  the  M.  P.  ().  E. 
He  passed  twelve  years  in  the  literary  world  and 
gained  great  prominence  as  a  humorous  and  de- 
scriptive writer,  five  of  .these  years  being  a 
special  contributor  to  the  Daily  Oregonian  over 
tlie  name  of  Rabelais.  With  his  multiplicity 
of  duties  Oolonel  Mitchell  no  longer  courts  the 
muses,  but  as  a  shrewd  conservative  business 
man  is  favorably  known  throughout  the  North 
west. 

'ILLIAM  M.  McLEOI),  a  prominent 
lumber  manufacturer  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  New 
Brunswick,  born  October  27,  1820,  son  of  Cap- 
tain William  and  Jenette  (.Morrison)  McLeod, 
both  natives  of  Invernesshire,  Scotland,  whence 
they  emigrated  with  their  parents  to  Charlotte 
county.  New  Hrunswick.  Eleven  children  were 
born  to  them,  seven  sons  and  four  daughters. 

Our  sul)ject  was  the  fourth  son  and  was  edu- 
cated principally  in  his  native  country.  In 
1846  he  went  to  the  State  of  Maine  and  en- 
gaged in  th(i  lumber  buBiness,  which, he  has  con- 
tinued ever  since.  Mr.  McLeod  first  worked 
for  wages,  Icarnitig  the  business,  in  the  mills. 
After  becoming  proficient  in  his  chosen  occu- 
pation, he  engaged  in  manufacturing  and  build- 
ing. During  his  residence  in  Maine,  Mr.  Mc- 
Leod's  principal  occupation  consisted  in  getting 
logs  in  winter  and  making  them  into  lumber 
the  following  summer. 

In  the  fall  of  1851  he,  with  his  wife  and  one 


child,  took  passage  in  the  shin  Vunetia,  lum- 
ber-laden, from  St.  Stephen's,  New  Brunswick 
via  C'ape  Horn  for  San  Fraiuiisco,  Captain  Ab 
saloni  (Christie  in  command.  The  ship  was 
wrecked  in  February,  1852,  in  the  gulf  stream, 
with  forty  passengers  and  her  crew,  making 
fifty-two  souls  on  board.  After  five  days  and 
nights  of  intense  suffering  they  were  rescued 
from  their  perilous  condition  by  Captain  Win. 
Drinkwater  of  the  bark  Iliero  of  Yarmouth, 
Maine,  who,  after  twenty  days'  sail,  landed 
them  inFayall  one  of  the  Azores  islands,  where 
they  remained  near  two  months,  awaiting  pas- 
sage in  the  good  bark  I.  ().,  Captain  Pillsburg, 
for  Boston.  After  this  they  returned  to  Calais, 
Maine,  their  former  home,  destitute  of  cash  and 
nearly  so  of  clothing,  but  thankful  to  the  Giver  of 
all  good  tiiat  they  had  escaped  with  their  lives. 

Then  followed  seven  years  of  close  applica- 
tion to  business,  in  which  he  succeeded  in  pro- 
viding a  home  for  the  family,  and.  leaving 
them  thus  comfortably  supplied  for  a  season, 
he  with  characteristic  energy,  left  the  loved 
ones  at  home  and  started  a  second  time  for  the 
shores  of  the  Pacific,  the  reputed  land  of    gold. 

In  1859  Mr.  McLeod  came  to  the  coast,  via 
Isthmus  of  Panama.  Upon  lauding  in  San 
Francisco  he  remained  in  the  coast  counties  for 
three  years  and  was  also  engaged  in  the  mines 
in  El  Dorado  county,  on  the  American  river. 
After  gathering  some  gold,  he  came  to  Puget 
sound,  in  the  fall  of  1862  and  was  engaged  in 
lumbering.  In  the  fall  of  1804  he  came  to 
Polk  county,  Oregon,  where  he  met  his  family, 
after  nearly  five  years  of  separation,  and  resided 
for  a  time  near  Dallas.  In  1867  he  came  to 
Forest  Grove,  where  he  now  has  a  sawmill, 
near  Dilley  station,  three  miles  south  of  Forest 
Grove.  Mr.  McLeod  built  a  mill  on  Gale's 
Creek,  that  now  bears  his  name,  in  1868.  In 
1889  he  built  his  present  mill,  with  a  capacity 
of  1,000  feet  of  lumber  per  hour.  A  largo 
amount  of  his  manufacture  is  sold  at  the  mill, 
but  he  has  also  shipping  facilties,  both  north 
and  south  by  Southern  Pacific  (Company's  rail 
road.  He  has,  a  fine  body  of  aeh,  fir  and  cedar 
timber  near  his  mill,  with  good  floating  water 
for  logs  in  the  Tualatin  river  and  its  tributa- 
ries. In  addition  to  his  other  interests,  Mr. 
McLeod  is  engageg  in  farming.  For  twelve 
years  he  served  as  Postmaster  and  railroad 
agent  at  Dailley.  From  1879  to  1889  he  was 
engaged  in  merchandising. 

In  1849  Mr.  McLeod    married  Miss  Peers,  a 


llIsrOHY    Oh'    OU&'OON. 


279 


native  of  Nova  Scotia,  born  in  182l>,  daiifrhter 
of  Mr.  D.  B.  Peers,  of  Wallace,  the  same  pliice. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mclieod  Ijave  liad  seven  cliildren, 
namely:  Frederick  8.,  Marian  L.:  William  E., 
superintendent  of  his  father's  mill;  Annies  E., 
wife  of  Mr.  Nels  W.  Durham,  editor  of  the 
S|>okane  Falls  Review;  A.  i^.  McLeod,  railroad 
aijent  at  Gaston  and  is  runniutf  a  warehouse  at 
Jorest  Grove;  Jean  and  Mahle.  The  last  two 
named  are  hotli  in  Portland  and  are  employed 
on  the  Oregonian  force.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McLeod 
are  both  members  of  the  Congregational  Church 
at  Forest  Grove.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republi- 
can and  the  family  are  highly  respected  and  es- 
teemed. Mr.  McLeod  is  u  business  man  of  in- 
tegrity and  ability. 


S.  McCOMAS  is  one  id'  the  pioneers  of 
eastern  Oregon  who  came  to  Baker 
I*  county  in  1802.  He  was  born  in  Adams 
county,  Ohio,  January  23.  1839,  and  his  father, 
John  McComas,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who 
came  to  Ohio  when  a  young  man,  where  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Jennetta  Carr,  a  native  of  Ohio.  In 
1844  Mr.  McComas  moved  to  Montgomery 
county,  Indiana,  where  our  subject  received  a 
common-school  education,  but  he  has  since  re- 
ceived the  greater  part  of  his  education  in  the 
school  of  experience. 

Our  subject  was  the  oldest  child  in  a  family 
of  eight  children  horn  to  his  parents.  In  lSf)2 
he  came  across  the  plains  and  settled  at  Auburn, 
where  he  engaged  in  mining  and  prospecting. 
While  he  was  out  on  a  prospecting  tour  with 
several  others  they  were  surprised  by  a  band  of 
Indians.  Mr.  McComas  received  a  bullet-shot 
in  the  leg  and  was  wounded  by  a  poisoned  ar- 
row in  the  back  of  his  right  hand.  The  party 
made  its  escape  with  six  wounded,  one  of  whom 
afterward  died,  but  they  had  a  hard  fight  and 
several  of  the  Indians  were  killed.  Our  sub- 
ject has  heen  in  several  Indian  wars.  He  was 
out  with  Citizen  Volunteers  against  the  JSez 
Perces  under  Chief  Joseph  in  the  Wallowa  val- 
ley and  also  took  an  active  part  in  the  Bannock 
campaign,  in  1878. 

Our  subject  came  to  La  Grande,  Union 
county,  in  1864,  and  clerked  in  a  store  for  two 
years.  In  1866  he  was  elected  County  Clerk 
and  was  re-elected  in  1868.  For  eight  years 
he    published   a   paper   called   the     Mountain 


Sentinel  which  he  started  in  1868,  and  then 
sold  out  aiid  received  the  appointment  from 
the  I^egislature  as  Register  of  the  State  Land 
office.  He  served  for  four  years  and  then  went 
into  the  real-estate  business,  which  he  followed 
for  two  years.  At  this  time  he  made  the  grand 
discovery  of  reducing  the  water  of  Medical  lake, 
by  which  he  could  utilize  the  salt,  and  he  trav- 
eled over  the  Eastern  States  advertising  it,  and 
is  still  supplying  the  drug  stores  througliout 
the  United  States. 

In  1890  our  subject  returned  to  La  Grande 
and  started  the  Grande  lionde  Chronicle  in  con- 
nection with  W.  A.  Parker  and  he  is  still  en- 
gaged upon  that  paper  in  connection  with  that 
profitable  business,  real-estate  dealing,  and  has 
published  40.000  c<>pies  of  a  book,  of  100  pages, 
describing  the  valley  in  wliich  he  now  lives.  He 
has  extensive  mining  interests,  and,  from  his 
knowledge,  acquired  by  years  of  experience  in 
this  country,  is  well  (jualitied  to  give  home- 
seekers  and  investors  valuable  information. 

Mr.  McComas  was  married  in  1867,  to  Miss 
Harriet  M.  Welsh,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  they 
have  one  daughter,  Janetta  E.  McComas,  born 
in  1870.  Mrs.  McCoraas  came  to  Oregon  in 
1867  by  way  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Ho 
is  a  member  of  tiie  K.  of  P.,  also  of  theordorof 
Red  Men  and  of  the  Odd  Fellows.  Politically, 
Mr.  McComas  is  a  Democrat. 


[IIOMAS  G.  HAILEY,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  La  Grande,  Union 
county,  Oregon,  July  13,  1865,  and  is  the 
fourth  child  in  a  family  of  six  children  of  the 
Hon.  John  Hailey  and  Louisa  M.  Hailey,  nee 
Griffin.  He  comes  of  the  pioneer  stock  of  the 
State,  his  father  having  crossed  the  plains  in 
1852,  and  his  mother  in  company  with  her 
father  and  family,  having  come  to  the  State  in 
1848  after  a  perilous  jonrney  across  the  plains, 
and  settled  in  southern  Oregon.  During  his 
infancy  Mr.  Hailey's  parents  removed  to  Boise 
City,  Idaho,  where  he  grew  to  manhood,  and 
where  his  father  was  engaged  in  staging,  stock- 
raising  and  divers  other  pursuits  for  several 
years,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature  and  twice  a  delegate  to  Congress  as 
a  Democrat  from  the  Territory  of  Idaho. 

After   attending   the   public    schools   of  ins 
adopted  town  he  decided  upon  the  law  as  a  pro- 


2bl» 


UISTOUY    OF    UUKOON. 


t'essioti  in  liis  early  iimnhood,  and  entered  the 
law  ottice  of  Cox  &  Minor,  in  Pendleton,  Ore- 
\ip\\,  where  he  r>5iriaine(l  for  a  time,  and  then 
entered  Washinj^ton  and  Lee  University  ut  Lex- 
ington, Virjiinia,  where  he  spent  two  years  in 
the  literary  dej)artinent  and  two  years  in  the 
law  school,  from  which  latter  ho  j^radnated  in 
1889,  ami  at  onco  returned  to  his  native  State 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Pendleton,  Orejjon,  where  lie  now  I'esides  and 
is  a  tnemher  of  the  law  firm  of  Ilailey  »fe  Low- 
ell, enteri)rising  and  energetic  yoniig  lawyers, 
whose  hnsiness  is  constantly  increasing.  Shortly 
after  his  return  to  Pendleton  he  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  for  the 
Eaiiterii  District  holding  terms  at  Pendleton, 
which  position  he  still  holds  and  has  filled  with 
satisfaction  to  the  bar  an<l  public. 

In  July,  1892,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Maud 
L.  Peach,  of  Ackley,  Iowa,  lie  is  thoroughly 
identitied  witii  the  social,  business  and  all  other 
interests  of  his  town,  and  zealous  in  the  pro- 
motion of  its  prosperity.  Devoted  to  his  pro- 
fession and  impressed  with  its  dignify  and  im- 
portance he  studiously  pnrsues  his  way,  anil 
with  his  strong  personality  and  mental  energy 
cannot  fail  to  impress  himself  forcibly  upon 
his  generation. 


tON.  WILLIAM  A.  MILLS  might  be  called 
one  of  the  banner  pioneers  of  Oregon,  in- 
asmuch as  he  belongs  to  that  favored  few 
who  preceded  the  general  emigration,  having 
made  his  appearance  on  the  then  wild  and  un- 
developed scene  in  1843,  whicli  is  probably  the 
first  year  in  which  white  men  began  to  settle  in 
this  locality.  He  is  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
where  he  was  born  September  1,  1826. 

His  father,  Isaac  Mills,  was  a  native  of  l*Jorth 
Carolina,  and  was  descended  from  a  family  of 
prominence  and  influence  in  that  State,  who 
were  early  settlers  of  the  commonwealth.  Isaac 
was  raised  in  his  native  State,  and  was  married 
there  to  Miss  Rachel  Hales,  a  native  of  the  same 
State.  They  afterward  moved  to  Tennessee, 
and  later  to  Indiana,  whence  they  went  to  Ar- 
kansas, and  finally,  in  1843,  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon.  He  was  truly  a  pioneer  of  pioneers, 
having  been  an  early  settler  of  all  the  first  men- 
tioned States.  They  had  thirteen  chihlren,  six 
of  whom  are  now  living,  three  sons  and  three 
daughters. 


From  Fort  Hall  they  came  in  company  with 
Dr.  Whitman,  who  is  widely  and  favorably 
known  in  this  locality.  Their  jouruev  was  un- 
disturbed by  the  ravages  of  cholera  or  the 
molestations  of  Indians.  Arriving  in  Oregon, 
they  located  in  VVasiiington  county,  on  a  fork 
of  Dairy  creek,  where  they  pre-empted  a  mile 
square  of  land,  which  they  improved  and  on 
which  they  continued  to  reside  for  many  years, 
and  a  number  of  survivors  of  the  family  still 
live  in  that  (-ounty.  The  father  died  on  the  old 
homestead,  aged  eighty-sijc  years,  and  the  mother 
died  at  the  residence  of  her  daughter,  Mi's. 
Thomburg,  in  1890,  in  her  ninety-seventh 
year.  They  were  a  truly  noble  couple,  and  in- 
herited all  of  the  best  qualities  of  the  Southern 
people,  being  thoroughly  hospitable  and  ovor- 
nowing  with  generous  impulses,  and  were 
greatly  endeared  to  a  host  of  friends,  who  uni- 
versally mourned  their  loss. 

Their  sou,  William  A.  Mills,  was  seventeen 
years  of  age  when  he  arrived  in  Oregon.  To 
quote  his  words,  he  was  "  born  in  Tennessee,- 
but  was  raised  on  the  road,  with  little  opportu- 
nity for  education,  having  attended  school  but 
five  months."  Hence  we  have  before  us  the 
unfolding  of  a  self-educated  and  self-made  life, 
which  is  always  interesting  to  a  student  of 
human  nature. 

In  1862  he  purchased  the  old  homestead  on 
which  his  father  first  settled.  He  then  assidu- 
ously set  about  cultivating  this  wonderfully  fer- 
tile soil,  which  had  never  been  disturbed  before. 
His  efforts  were  very  successful,  his  crops  being 
abundant,  for  which  the  prices  were  good.  He 
thus  accumulated  much  means,  some  of  which 
he  expended  in  impnivements  on  his  farm,  chief 
among  which  was  the  erection  of  a  substantial 
residence,  and  good  barns  for  his  grain  and 
stock,  thus  greatly  adding  to  the  value  of  the 
place.  He  continued  to  reside  here  until  1873, 
when  he  removed  to  Clackamas,  where  he 
bought  village  proj)erty,  on  which  he  erected  a 
residence  and  a  building,  which  is  now  used  as 
a  store,  ticket  office  and  for  the  post  office  of 
the  town.  Mrs.  Mills  was  Postmistress  of  the 
town  under  the  administration  of  President 
U.  S.  Grant.  Mr.  Mills  has  also  owned  prop- 
erty and  resided  in  Marion  and  Multnomah 
counties. 

In  March,  1848,  Mr.  Mills  was  married  to 
Mrs.  Rachel  Fisher,  a  native  of  Indi.ina,  whose 
liusband,  J.  H.  Fisher,  died  on  the  road  to  Ore- 
gon, in  1847.    She  was  the  daughter  of  lieuben 


IIIHTOHY    Oh'    OREOOS. 


281 


Joy.  of  lown.  Tliey  liad  six  cliildreii,  five  of 
wlioin  are  now  living.  Uiiciu'l  W.  died  aged 
three  years,  and  the  tbUowint;  cliildren  reside  in 
Waaliington  county:  .Folin  M.;  Mary  E.,  now 
tlio  wife  of  Mr.  B.  Ingalls;  Laura,  wife  of  Mr. 
Henton  I'iiillips;  HIba  J.,  wife  of  Kiiaa  Fowler; 
and  Albert  W.,  who  resides  in  Clauknnms.  In 
1868  tiie  devoted  wife  and  mother,  wlio  for 
twenty  years  had  known  no  interest  but  that  of 
her  huHlmnd  and  children,  was  called  to  her  re- 
ward, leaving  a  stricken  family  and  numerous 
friends  to  mourn  her  loss. 

In  1874  Mr.  Mills  married  A[rs.  Mary  E. 
0»pps,  a  highly  estimable  lady,  and  the  widow 
of  Mr.  John  Capps. 

Mr.  Mills  has  been  a  consistent  fiepublican 
and  a  strong  (Jnion  man.  and  has  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  State.  He  was 
instrumental  in  the  organization  of  that  party 
in  this  locality,  having  attended  the  first  meet- 
ing of  the  party  in  the  Territory.  In  1870  he' 
was  nominated  for  the  State  Legislature  by  his 
party,  to  which  position  he  was  elected,  and  in 
the  fulfillment  of  his  duties  displayed  ability 
and  honor. 

lie  has  assiduously  subserved  the  interests  of 
his  co-workers,  the  farmers,  and  has  acted  for  a 
number  of  years  as  President  of  the  County 
Agricultural  Society  and  also'  as  Vice-President 
of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  in  both  of 
which  positions  he  has  done  able  service. 

He  has  been  a  leading  temperance  man,  is  a 
member  of  the  Uood  Templars,  having  Hlled  all 
its  offices,  and  is  a  representative  of  the  State 
Lodge.  Since  1884  he  has  worked  with  the 
Prohibition  party,  anil  says  the  "saloons  must 
go." 

Forty-nine  of  the  best  and  most  useful  years 
of  Mr.  Mills'  life  have  been  devoted  to  the  ad- 
vanceinent  and  general  welfare  of  his  adopted 
State.  In  his  position  as  Representative  he 
assisted  in  the  enacting  of  good  laws  for  his 
State,  and  in  his  position  as  citizen  he  has 
assisted  in  the  enforcing  of  the  same,  and  he  is 
now  enjoying  his  reward  in  the  esteem  of  his 
fellow-  men. 

UlAULES  C.  WILLIAMS,  one  of  the  rep- 
utable representative  citizens  of  Clacka- 
_  mas  county,  Oregcm,  residing  near  Oregon 
City,  is  a  native  of  FInosburg,  Franklin  county, 
Vermont,  born  November  30,  1880.     He  is  of 


old  ICnglisli  Puritan  ancestry;  the  family  of  his 
name  wliicli  lamled  on  Plymouth  Pock  that 
bleak  winter  of  1020  were  ancestors  of  our 
subject.  From  there  the  Williams  family  scat- 
tered in  time  all  over  New  England,  and  became 
inrtuential  and  prominent  in  every  State.  The 
grandfather  was  David  Williams,  anil  became  a 
soldier  in  the  Ilevolutionary  war,  and  our  sub- 
ject now  has  in  his  possession  the  powder-horn 
of  the  <dd  patriot,  which,  with  his  fiint-lock 
musket,  went  with  him  all  through  that  long 
struggle  for  independence.  David  Williams 
died  in  Enosburg,  Franklin  county,  Vermont, 
in  his  ninety-ninth  year. 

The  son  of  the  Ilevolutionary  hero  was  Isaiah 
Williams;  he  was  born  in  Ipswich,  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  married  Miss  Martha  Teniiy,  a  native 
of  Boston,  and  removed  to  Vermont,  and  later 
to  Massachusetts,  where  he  died  when  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  only  six  years  of  age,  and 
the  mother  died  that  same  year,  both  in  their 
forty-eiglith  year.  They  had  a  family  of  ton 
children;  one  of  these  was  killed  by  an  accident, 
at  tiie  asje  of  ten  years;  two  of  the  daughters 
married  ministers;  one  of  the  brothers  is  now  a 
leadincr  minister  in  the  Congrestational  denomi- 
nation  in  Chicago,  and  atiother  is  a  prominent 
lawyer  in  New  York  city.  Another  of  this 
family  bravely  started  out  for  himself  when  he 
was  but  a  lad,  and  recently  died  in  Buffalo,  a 
rich  man,  being  estimated  to  have  been  worth 
$10,000,000. 

Dur  subject  was  the  youngest  child  in  the 
family,  and  was  reared  near  New  York  from  his 
eleventh  year.  He  was  educated  in  an  academy 
at  Auro'  .,  and  at  Buffalo,  Erie  county,  and  has 
since  that  time  principally  devoted  himself  to 
farming.  The  marriage  of  our  subject  took 
place  in  1855,  to  Miss  Chestina  C.  Barker,  a 
native  of  Evans,  Erie  county,  New  York,  b.)rn 
in  1836.  After  their  marriage  they  resided  in 
Now  York  for  fourteen  years,  and  there  were 
born  to  them  the  following  children,  namely: 
Ella  E..  Thornt(m  L,  Wallace  W.  and  Charles  T. 
The  latter  died  in  his  fourth  year. 

In  1875  the  family  came  to  Oregon,  and  re- 
mained in  Portland  for  one  year,  and  then  came 
to  Clackamas  county,  purchasing  a  farm  one 
mile  south  of  Oregon  City,  and  on  this  property 
he  has  since  re.sided,  improving  and  prospering. 
In  1878  our  subject  erected  a  good  residence  in 
a  very  desirable  locality,  as  from  it  there  is  a 
fine  view  of  the  country  and  the  surrounding 
mountains,  especially  of  grand  old  Mount  Hood. 


Ir; 


'JSO 


insToiir  ny  oreoon. 


Mr.  Williams  Ims  (limit  gome  in  rijiil  estate, 
iiiiil  tlu!  pnipt^i'ty  wliicli  lie  first  luni^ilit  linn  ho 
iiiitrciintMl  in  \iilne  that  lie.  iiiis  fdiiiid  it  ii  inost 
[irotitaiilt)  iiivcrttiiioiit.  Oregon  City  is  fast 
i^i'dwini^  (Hit  in  tiiat  iliicctioii.  Mr.  WilliaiiiH 
liccaiiiu  a  Vdt'M'  wlicii  the  j;r(!at  (jiiestioii  of  tiiu 
t'Xturi8ii)n  of  slavery  into  tlie  new  Territory  was 
iiiulor  (liseiisgion,  and  lii.s  first  vote  was  east  for 
AUraliani  Linuoln,  and  ever  since  that  time  he 
has  been  a  stronjr  adherent  of  the  principles 
held  hy  the  ivopiihlicaii  party.  lie  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  .Masonie  tVaternity,  and  was  a  (diarter 
menilier  ()f  the  (Trano;e,  l)ein(^  now  Past  Master 
of  that  order,  and  has  iriven  them  all  the  aid  in 
his  power. 

()iir  subject  and  family  are  very  highly 
esteemed,  and  his  honorable  life  has  bronffht  its 
own  reward.  He  enj(jys  the  respect  of  all 
wherever  ho  is  known. 


^^ 


fi'/9«-i61!a 


fKMHROKE  GAULT.  an  honored  Orej^on 
j)ione(ir  of  1852,  now  deceased,  was  born 
^  111  Guilford,  State  of  Vermont,  .Fuly  12, 
1817.  (Traiidfatlier  Gr.ult  emi(;rated  from  Scot- 
land and  settled  in  Vermont.  His  son,  John 
Gaiilt,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  and  his 
son  was  I'einbroke  Gault.  the  fourth  son  in  a 
family  of  nine  children.  When  he  was  seven 
years  of  ago  he  went  to  the  State  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  was  there  reared  until  he  became  of 
Hife,  by  General  Harney.  From  that  State  he 
removed  to  Missouri,  and  April  10,  1842,  he 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Mcl.ain.  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Kentucky,  born  March  20,  1819,  a 
daughter  of  Daniel  McLain,  a  native  of  Lex- 
ington, Kentucky.  After  marriage  tJHiy  removed 
to  Iowa,  takini;  a  farm,  in  Davis  county,  from 
the  Government,  and  this  farm  they  improved. 
On  this  farm  five  children  were  born  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  (iaiilt,  namely:  Daniel,  wiio  died 
at  Pilot  Rock,  Oregon,  February  2(),  1880. 
His  wife,  whose  name  before  marriage  was 
(larry  Tuttle,  died  only  two  weeks  |)revious. 
Their  two  children.  Lewis  and  .fesse  E.,  now 
reside  at  Pendleton,  Oregon.  The  other  fjiir 
children  of  Mr.  Gault  are:  Mary  E.,  now  Mrs. 
G.  T.  Goss,  who  resides  in  Vancouver;  Lucy 
C,  who  now  is  Mrs.  W.  N.  Puchanan,  and  re- 
sides in  Portland;  Perris.  who  died  in  his  third 
year;  and  Roxaiia,  who  became  the  wife  of 
M.   T.    Patten,  and    resides    at    Forest    Grove. 


With  tliis  littli^  family  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gault 
started  to  cross  the  plains.  April  l.'),  18,52. 
Mr.  (iaillt's  brother  had  married  .Mrs.  Gault's 
sister,  and  with  their  family  of  live  (diildren 
aceompanieil  our  subj(M-t  and  family.  They  had 
ten  yoke  of  ox(^n  and  (piitc  a  number  of  loos(^ 
cattle,  'i'hey  had  a  large  emigrant  wanton,  and 
had  everything  as  comfortable  ai»  traveling  in 
those  days,  and  through  that  country,  coiild  be 
made. 

This  was  the  great  cholera  year,  and  some 
died  with  it,  one  little  daughter  of  our  subject, 
three  years  of  age,  falling  a  victim.  They  left 
her  little  body  near  the  Riirnt  Hills,  on  Smoke 
river,  and  sadly  started  on  their  way.  A  great 
deal  of  snow  fell,  and  there  was  much  sutTering, 
aijd  to  add  to  their  tronlile,  five  yoke  of  their 
o.xen  ate  something  wdiich  caused  their  death. 
Aside  from  these  troublet"  the  |)arfy  made  a 
safe  journey,  and  arrived  at  the  Dalles  Septem- 
ber 17,  came  down  tlu;  river  in  boats  to  Sandy, 
wli(!re  they  landed,  and  went  two  miles  below 
Portland  and  wintered.  In  February.  1853, 
they  came  to  the  donation  claim  and  purchased 
the  right  to  320  acres  of  bind  of  Mr.  Allen 
Richardson.  It  was  timbered  land,  wlii(di  was 
difficult  to  clear,  but  he  worked  hard  and  made 
of  it  a  fine  farm.      Later  he  added  eighty  acres. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Gault  was  a  Republican,  and 
wa.s  interested  in  all  of  the  offices  of  the  c()Unty, 
although  he  did  not  hold  any  but  that  of  Road 
Overseer  in  his  vicinity,  which  position  he  b(dd 
for  many  years.  He  and  his  wife  had  been 
Mtithodists  since  184:4.  and  he  had  i>een  one  of 
the  strongest  pillars  of  the  church,  serviiijj  in 
an  official  capacity  for  many  years.  He  was  a 
man  of  great  integrity  of  character,  a  good 
citixen,  a  loving  husband  and  an  indulgent 
father.  His  death  occurred,  of  heart  failure, 
July  23,  1887.  He  had  just  lived  his  three- 
score years  and  ten,  and  while  his  death  was  most 
keenly  felt  by  his  bereaved  widow  and  children, 
they  had  the  gniat  consolation  in  feeling  that 
their  loss  was  his  eternal  gain. 

In  Oregon  four  children  were  added  ta  the 
family,  namely:  Hannah  T.,  who  is  now  Mrs. 
R.  L.  Durham,  of  Portland;  (/liarles,  who  re- 
sides in  the  State  of  Washington;  Fremont  D. 
is  on  the  donation  claim;  and  Eiini(!e  G.  is  now 
the  wife  of  E.  AI.  Sargent,  of  Portland.  Fre 
mont  D.,  who  is  now  on  the  donation  claim,  was 
born  June  21,  1859.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  and  attended  the  pui)lic  schools  in  his 
vicinity.     January  26,  1880,  he  was  married  to 


llWTOItY   OF   oiimiou. 


■Mi 


AfiKs  Affiles  »N[.  MciKerimii,  who  wbs  liorn  in 
Wii;*liiiii;t()ii  t!oiiiity,  ii  ilaii<i;lit»M'  of  Joliii  Me- 
Kt'i'imii,  who  emiifi  to  Orcfron  in  1852,  and  the 
8tup-(lau^hter  of  Joiin  Groner,  iilso  a  worthy 
Oregon  j)ionei!r. 

Mr.  anil  Mri».  Fremont  Gaiilt  havo  three 
chihh'on,  nanioiy:  Knnict'  M.,  (Jiiuster  C.  uiui 
John  P.  Mr.  (taiilt  is  an  unturprisin^  fanner, 
nnil  lias  a  very  nien  homo  which  he  lias  recently 
had  i)uilt,  and  lie  and  hi8  good  wife  are  tine 
representatives  of  the  soiis  and  danfjiiters  of 
t)regon.  lie  is  a  niemiier  of  the  I.  ().  O.  F., 
ajid  also  of  the  A.  ().  U.  \V.,  and  is  Fast  Master 
of  tile  latter  an<i  has  held  all  of  the  otfiees  in  the 
order.  His  politics  are  licpuhliean.  His  mother 
now  resides  with  him,  and  in  her  seventy-fourth 
year,  is  in  good  health,  and  possesses  the  respect 
and  atiection  of  all  who  know  her. 


fOllN  C.  YOUNG  of  Baker  City,  Uma- 
tilla county,  Oregon,  was  horn  in  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  December  21,  1851,  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Lucinda  (Alleti)  Young,  received 
his  education  in  the  common  scho(jls  and  the 
university  of  the  Territory,  read  law  one  year, 
and,  at  the  age  of  twenty -two,  engaged  in  news- 
paper work,  accepting  a  position  on  the  editorial 
staff  of  the  Salt  Lake  Trihune  as  a  reporter. 
For  five  years,  during  which  the  Tribune  passed 
through  the  stormiest  period  of  its  e.xistence, 
he  remained  on  the  paper,  a  notable  work  of  his 
during  that  period  being  the  reporting  for  the 
Associated  Press  and  the  Tribune,  the  second 
trial  of  John  D.  Lee,  tlie  notorious  leader  in 
the  Mountain  Meadow  massacre.  He  also 
wrote  a  series  of  letters,  over  the  nom  de  |)lume 
of  "  Gin.y,"  ridiculing  the  Mormon  hierarchy, 
which  letters  are  still  vividly  recalled  by  all  old- 
time  residents  of  Utah  for  their  broad  humor 
and  the  home-thrusts  they  gave  his  prophet 
"  uncle,"  Briglmm  Young.'  In  1879  he  went 
to  Idaho  and  engaged  in  mining  for  the  next 
two  years,  subsequently  returning  to  Salt  Lake, 
where  he  was  again  employed  on  the  staff  of 
the  Tribune,  and  remained  with  that  paper 
until  1887,  when  he  einigrated  to  Baker  City, 
Oregon.  He  has  entirely  abandoned  new^spaper 
work,  and  devotes  himself  e.xclusively  to  min- 
ing in  his  new  home,  where  he  has  a  group  of 
gold  mines  he  is  developing,  and  which  he  is 
sangnine  will  make  him  wealthy. 

The  father  of  our  subject  waa  born  in  Massa- 


chusetts and  went  to  Utah  in  1840,  where  ho 
was  made  a  High  Priest  in  the  Mormon  hictr- 
archy,  under  his  brother,  Hrigham  Young. 
John  ('.,  was  born  and  reared  a  Mormon,  but 
renounced  that  faith  as  soon  as  he  was  old 
enough  to  think  for  himself.  The  evils  in  the 
Church  as  he  saw  them  led  him  to  desire  to 
ex|)oso  them,  and  this  a  deciiled  literary  taste 
enabled  him  to  do.  Coming  into  possession  of 
an  old  press,  he  started  a  paper  thoroughly 
anti-Mormon  in  its  views,  the  first  issue  of 
which  attracted  vide  notice  and  caused  great 
indigiuition  among  the  -saints."  He  contin- 
ued its  pulilication  until  called  to  the  Triliuue, 
then  a  newly  started  paper,  rather  timid  in  its 
attitude  toward  the  Chundi.  This  changed 
with  Mr.  Young's  coming  on  it.  Knowing  its 
secret  workings  and  its  evils,  with  every  issue  he 
poured  hot  shot  into  the  ranks  '.(f  the  enemy, 
proving  the  most  formidable  adversary  they 
had  until  then  encountered.  Mr.  Young  finally 
left  Utah,  because  he  grew  weary  of  the  ostra- 
cism and  the  persecution.  Now  things  are 
different,  as  Mr.  Young  visited  his  old  home 
two  years  ago,  and  was  receiveil  handsomely  by 
his  relatives  and  friends  of  the  Mormon  Church, 
aiul  some  of  the  Ap.)Btle8  liave  visited  him  in 
Baker  City.  They  were  desiious  of  building  a 
railroad  through  the  luinbe"  "egion  of  this 
county  and  were  most  agreea  ,i_,  surprised  when 
he  assured  them  he  should  not  oppose  them,  as 
they  feared  his  antagonism.  The  road  was 
built  and  is  doing  well.  Our  subject  is  living 
happily  with  wife  and  tine  children  at  Baker 
City. 


-s-^=^'#>|«5>f€'^ 


>f«=- 


L.  ANDEIISON,  Captain  of  Battery  A, 
First  Artillery,  (Jregon  National  (iiiards, 
|a  was  born  in  Palmyra,  Missouri,  January 
30,  1855. 

His  father,  liufus  E.  Anderson,  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  emigrated  to  Missouri  in  his  boy- 
hood. When  he  grew  older  he  studied  law,  and 
in  due  time  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Palmyra,  where  he  still  lives  and  conducts  a 
successful  practice.  He  married  Miss  Cornelia 
Thompson,  a  native  of  Virginia.  Of  their  nine 
children,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  the 
oldest. 

Captain  Anderson  received  his  education  at 
Central  College,  of  Fayette,  and  at  Pritchell  In- 
stitute, Glascow,  Missouri,  where  he  graduated 


■J84 


HlHTOltY    i>V    OHKOON. 


!! 


1 


in  YHT.^.  Ill'  tliL'ii  comiiiciiccil  tlic  Htiiily  "f  liiw 
witli  liif*  riitlicr.  A  yciir  liiti'i',  limvi'vcr,  lie  j^iivc 
up  till  tlidUjfht  (if  lifcoiiiiii;;  It  iiiwvtir  mill  turned 
liM  iittciition  to  niilroiulinj/.  Ilin  first  ciijjhj^o- 
iiiiMil  will*  with  th(.'  St.  .Icini'pli  »V.  Di'iivor  iJit.y 
ruilrimil,  iih  clerk  in  the  I'reii^lit  cle|iiirtirient  at 
St.  .losepli.  lie  reniiiineil  there  eight  }'eurH,  iiikI 
in  the  nieiintinie  wiih  prdnmteil  from  elurk  to 
agent  iif  the  roail.  In  1XS2  iiu  went  to  St. 
l.duirt  ii«  eliiel' clerk  in  the  aiidiliiig  ilepartiTieiit 
of  the  Mifsonri  iV:  I'acific  railroad;  and  in  1884 
wax  with  the  St.  Loniit  Jk  Uannihal,  as  uirent  at 
llannihal.  reiriaininf;  in  the  employ  of  the  latter 
company  niitil  1«S(>.  lie  then  engaged  as 
clerk  and  hookkeeper  for  Nelson,  .Morris  &  Co., 
prominent  packers  of  Chicago.  In  18K7  ho 
returned  to  railniad  life,  iiecoming  travelin).;  in- 
spector of  the  Central  TnifKc  Association,  with 
lieadi|uarters  at  Chicago.  In  tliis  capacity  he 
traveled  over  the  territory  liotween  Chicago  anil 
liiiflalo.  until  Marcii,  IH'JO.  He  then  came  to 
I'orthind  as  rate  clerk  for  the  Nortiiern  I'acific, 
which  position  he  resigned  the  following  , I  uiie, 
in  order  to  acceiit  the  office  of  chief  clerk  of 
I'ortiand,  in  the  office  of  the  I'liion  I'acific 
railroad.     This  position  he  still  occui)ios. 

He  was  married  in  St.  .lo8e|)h,  Missouri,  in 
1877,  to  Miss  Minnie  Harrison,  a  native  of  In- 
diana.    Their  two  children  are  hoth  dead. 

Tlie  siiliject  of  our  sketch  is  a  meinher  of  the 
Knights  of  I'ytliias  and  of  the  Patriarchal  Cir- 
cle. He  received  his  first  military  training  at 
the  military  school  at  Fayette.  At  St.  Josepii 
lie  filled  the  offices  of  First  Sergeant,  First 
Lieutenant  and  Captain  of  St.  Joe  Light  In- 
fantry, First  Uefiinient,  Missouri  iNational 
(iuards.  At  St.  Louis  he  served  as  Sergeant 
and  Second  Lieutenant  of  (Japtain  Skipwith 
liattery,  St.  Louis  Light  Artillery;  and  in 
i'hicago  as  Sergeant  and  Second  Lieutenant  of 
Cinnpany  C,  Third  Regiment,  Illinois  National 
(iuards. '  Noveniher  3,  1890,  he  was  elected 
l''ir.-t  Lieutenant,  which  oltice  he  occupied  until 
Septeinher  15,  1891,  when,  throUf>h  the  death 
of  Captain  Stevens,  Lieutenant  Anderson  was 
elected  liis  Buccessor. 

Battery  A  was  organized  May  29,  1873,  with 
rank  and  file  of  forty  men,  Captain  ThomaR 
Mountain  in  command.  The  State  supplied 
the  battery  with  two  brass  field  pieces,  and 
other  e(|uii)ment8  anil  uniforms  were  supplied 
through  individual  expenditure.  In  1882  Cap- 
tain .Mountain  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Adams, 
a  veteran  of  the  civil  war.     lie  commanded  the 


battery  four  years,  and  during  his  term  of  office 
rt!-armeil  and  re-uniformed  the  battery,  and  in- 
creased the  memliership  to  sixty  enrolled  men. 
He  was  succeeded  in  188(i  by  W.  ,1.  Kiley.  who 
served  as  (Japtain  for  three  years,  after  wliiidi 
tlie  baltery  was  disbanded.  It  was  re-organized 
in  .liiiie,  18S9,  liy  (lajitain  Thomas  .\dams.  Ho 
resigned  the  t'ollowing  November,  and  VVard  S. 
Stephens  was  elected  (>ij)tain  and  served  untjl 
his  death,  in  September,  1891.  The  battery 
now  numbers  sixty  men,  has  two  Held  pieci^s, 
two  (iatling  guns,  and  a  full  line  of  sabers  and 
revolvers,  and  is  in  a  healthy,  prosperous  condi- 
ti,)n.  With  an  able  corps  of  <iflicers  and  drifl- 
masters,  and  proper  enthusiasm  among  the  men, 
the  battery  is  rapidly  coming  to  the  front  in 
scientiHe  drill  and  uniformity  of  movement. 

ISS  KUTH  K.   ROUNDS,  Principal  of 

the  Atkinson  school,  Portland,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Wilkes  Hiirre,  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  daughter  of  Nelson  Rounds,  I*).  I.).,  a 
inttive  of  Now  York.  ILir  parents  were  of 
Knglish  ancestry,  who  were  early  settlers  of  the 
Empire  State.  Dr.  Rounds  was  a  Methoijist 
clergyman  and  a  prominent  educrftor,  having 
been  a  professor  in  some  of  the  colleges  of  the 
East  before  coining  to  Oregon.  After  his  ar- 
rival here  he  was  elected  [iresident  of  the  Wil- 
lamette University.  In  addition  to  his  other 
scholastic,  attainments  he  was  a  specialist  in  the 
Ileiirew  and  Greek  languages.  In  Pennsyl- 
vania he  married  Miss  Mary  Comfort,  a  native 
of  that  State,  her  ancestry  having  been  early 
settlers  of  Pennsylvania.  Hy  this  marriage 
there  were  nine  children,  all  of  whom  were 
brought  up  and  are  still  living.  Dr.  Rounds 
presided  over  the  Willamette  University  accept- 
al)ly  and  successfully  for  two  years;  but,  his 
health  tailing,  he  resigned  and  retired  to  his 
farm  in  Clark  coiintv,  Washington,  where  he 
hoped  to  regain  his  health;  but  that  boon  was 
not  granted  and  Ik;  continued  to  fail  until  his 
death  occurred  in  1874.  Diirinc  his  life  he 
was  a  great  power  for  good,  as  liis  knowledge, 
moral  sense,  refined  susceptibility  and  piety 
were  superior.  His  aged  widow  still  survives 
and  resides  in  Portland,  with  her  daughter,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch. 

Miss  Rounds,  whose  name  heads  thi-  sketch, 
was  the  sixth  idiild  in  the  above  family;  was 
educated  in   New  York  and  at  the    Willamette 


aiSTOHY    OF    ORKfinif. 


S80 


vm 


UiiiverHity,  and  at  oiiuu  seluuted  m  hur  lifo  wurk 
till)  pri'fcitHiiin  (if  tciKrIiinj;,  in  which  olu!  haM 
liLMMi  iiimo-it  cDnliiiiKiiisly  iMi^iijf<M|  for  kuvcii- 
ti'tiii  yt'iiri*,  tilnvdii  i)f  thu.-io  in  tliu  Nortii  scliool 
ill  I'ortlainl,  now  niiiiiud  tht*  Ati\iiiM(iii  lichodl, 
ill  honor  ot'  tiii!  ;;i'iithMiimi  wlio  liiid  ivn>iurtMl 
thu  hcIiouIm  of  i'orthiiiii  ho  niiicii  VHlimlih!  itiil. 
Minn  UuiiikU  lM(gnri  lit  thu  foot  of  the  hidiU'r,  in 
thu  iiriiimry  f^niile,  iiinl  Iihh  gi'iidniilly  worked 
liur  wiiy  U|i,  Htn|i  iiy  Htoji,  to  liin  |ii'iiici|iiiishi|i  of 
this  riulioiil,  whicii  phict)  hIiu  Uhh  tilli'd  for  thu 
pii»t  live  yi'iirH;  iind  n>i  better  eviihMieu  could  lie 
given  than  the  fiict  of  her  proiiintion  to  iind 
continimtion  in  this  responnilile  position,  where 
she  hiiH  under  iier  rtii|iervinioii  gixteon  teachers, 
with  Hi*  many  j;rade«  and  departinents. 

When  nhe  decided  ii|ioii  tenchinif  an  her  pro- 
fession, aha  ileterinined  to  attain  the  hii^hest 
proHeiency  i'  rein,  as  an  oliject  of  her  hij;iie8t 
ainliition,  iv  ,  she  has  succeeded  in  doini;  her 
slmre  in  inukini;  the  vocation  of  teachinir  a  real 
profession  of  e(jiial  standinj;  with  the  other 
jirofessions.  She  attends  to  details,  with  exem- 
plary patience,  is  naturally  endowed  with  f^reat 
executive  ability  and  with  all  the  ({iialities  re- 
quired in  a  first-clasK  educator  and  discijilin- 
arian. 

She  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Grace  Church, 
Methodist  Episcopal,  at  Portland,  and  enjoys 
the  *e8t  wishes  of  a  very  largo  circle  of  friends 
and  iiuqiiaintances. 


-=«-• 


H^ 


fA.  BAILHIY,  M.  D.,  an  eminent  physi- 
cian and  surfjeon  of  IlillBboro,  Orejfon, 
»  was  born  in  Harden-  n  county,  Tennes- 
see, on  January  28.  1839.  His  parents  were 
William  L.  and  Mary  (Wilkinson)  Bailey.  Ilis 
father  was  a  Virginian  and  his  mother  was  a 
native  of  North  Oaroiina.  She  was  a  daughter 
of  (leneral  Frank  Wilkinson,  a  general  in  the 
war  of  1812.  Francis  Alonzo  Hailey  was  their 
third  child  of  a  family  of  eight,  lie  lived  in 
Tennessee  until  his  eighteenth  year,  and  re- 
ceived his  education  at  Woodland  Academy 
and  Lebanon  College,  in  that  State.  lie  then 
went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  preparing  himself 
for  a  professional  career  at  Pope's  College, 
where  he  studied  medicine  for  two  years.  Af- 
ter  this,  he  served  for  two  years  as  a  medical 
cadet  in  the  Confederate  army  inCreneral  Price's 
division  and  was  also  connected    with  the    hos- 

18 


pital  Nurviceof  the  Confeduinteariiiy.  in  \Hi\i, 
lie  came  to  Oregon,  iiiid  attended  the  Willam- 
ette University  at  Siileni,  receiving  there  his 
degree  of  M.  I),  in  TiTlt.  From  there  he  vent 
to  San  Fiiiiiciseo,  where  he  attended  the  Toliiinl 
.Meiiical  College,  receiviiiit  a  di|'loma  from  that 
institution  in  IS71.  In  187'J,  lie  came  to 
ilillsboro,  engaging  in  the  practice  of  his  pmfes- 
aion  whicii  ho  ha-*  followeil  'lor  twenty  years, 
and  whicii  bus  been  lucrative  and  successful. 
In  his  jiractici!  he  liiis  riilden  in  all 
<lirectioiis  in  all  seasons  i.nd  kinds  of  weather, 
both  day  and  night,  alleviating  the  sulfering  of 
the  sick,  knowing  but  one  law  for  rich  and 
poor  alike,  by  whicii  he  Las  giiineil  a  wide  fav- 
orabloreputatirin.a';;!  ..uciired  the  friendship  of  a 
largo  number  of  i.ijiiaintances.  lie  loves  his 
profession,  making  it  -liis  life  study,  and  has 
contributed  several  learned  articles  to  medical 
literature,  which  have  been  published  in  the 
Oregon  Medical  and  Surgical  Keporter,  and  in 
various  other  nie(liciil  and  scieiitilic  journals. 
lie  has  also  contributed  soniu  valuable  articles 
to  the  San  Francisco  Medical  Journal,  and  to 
various  other  publications,  together  with  a 
number  of  jiapers  to  the  Oregon  State  Medical 
Society.  When  this  latter  association  was 
organized,  he  became  an  active  meniber,  and 
for  throe  years  was  one  of  its  Hoard  of  Censors, 
and  served  as  its  president  and  vice-president. 
During  his  residence  in  Washington  county,  he 
lias  become  the  owner  of  several  large  and  valu- 
able tracts  of  land,  and  has  built  for  himself  an 
attractive  and  commodious  residence,  of  modern 
andiitectiire  and  improvements,  and  laid  out  the 
ground  in  a  tasteful  manner.  He  has  also,  in 
partnership  with  another  gentleman,  iiiiilt  two 
of  the  finest  brick  blocks  in  the  city,  the  last 
one  of  which  is  a  very  great  improvement  to 
the  business  poition  of  the  city,  being  a  credit 
alike  to  the  Doctor  ami  the  city. 

Dr.  Bailey  was  married  in  18(5(5,  to  Miss  Le- 
titia  A.  (Miambers.  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a 
daughter  of  J.  W.  and  Mary  A.  Chambers, 
liiglily  esteemed -pioneers  of  tliiti  State.  They 
have  six  cliildren,  four  sons  and  two  daughters: 
The  eldest  son,  Francis  J.,  graduated  from  the 
Oregon  State  Normal  School  at  Monmouth  in 
June,  1891,  and  is  reading  medicine  with  his 
father.  Augustus  B.  and  John  W.  are  at  col- 
lege, while  the  three  youngest,  Louisa  A.,  Eva 
A .  and  Thomas  C,  are  at  home  with  their  par- 
ents. The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  A.  P\  «fe 
A.    M.    and  is  Past  Master  of  Tualatin  Lodge. 


m 


28(1 


nrsTonr  cf  onnmy. 


Ill  politics  lie  is  a  Democrat,  and  takes  an  active 
interest  in  the  political  afi'airs  of  his  county. 
He  has  liceii  a  nieiiiiter  of  the  ( Uty  ('i)micil  umi 
lins  served  for  three  terms  as  Mayor  of  his  city. 
lie  is  pri)iiiineiit  in  the  coiiventlinis  of  his  party, 
who  have  freijuently  honored  him  with  noinin- 
atidiis  to  important  positions,  even  sngujesting 
bis  name  as  Governor  of  the  State,  "vliich  office 
lie  could  no  doubt  till  to  the  cri-tlit  of  himself 
and  coiistitnency.  possessiiiij  the  intelliijence 
and  ability  to  understand  his  duties  as  chief  ex- 
ecutive of  the  State,  and  the  jx.'wcr  of  his  con- 
victions to  do  what  is  riirlit.  lie  was  at  one 
time  tendered  the  chair  of  Theory  and  Practice 
otMedicine  in  the  medical  department  of  Wil- 
lamette rniversity.  but  declineil  the  honor. 

ILLIAM  TUCKKU,  an  Indian  war 
veteran  and  an  Oregon  pic^neer  of  1852, 
now  residing  near  Beaverton,  Washing- 
ton county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  the  State  of 
I'ldiana,  October  '.i4,  1S33.  Our  subject  was 
the  third  child  in  the  family  and  was  reared  in 
his  county.  While  still  a  lioy  he  worked  for 
wai^'cs,  and  came  to  Oregon  with  his  father  and 
family.  His  first  work  in  the  State  was  cutting 
cord  wood  in  Portland  on  Polk  street  between 
Third  and  Fourth,  which  now  is  in  the  center 
of  the  city,  but  was  then  denee  forest.  After 
three  mouths  he  came  to  Washington  county, 
and  took  up  a  claim  of  120  acres  of  land  near 
whef'    lieaverton    now    is  and  with  his  In'other 

Th IS,  built  the  first  sawmill  ii.  that  vicinity. 

In  the  fall  of  1855  tiie  Indian  war  having 
broken  out  our  subject  enlisted  under  Captain 
Cornelius  and  assisted  to  elect  him  Colonel  of 
the  regiment.  Mr.  Tucker  furnished  his  own 
horse  and  outfit  and  served  all  through  the  war. 
Suffering  many  privations  they  were  reduced  to 
the  eating  of  their  own  horses  to  keep  them 
from  starving  to  death.  He  was  a  brave  soldier 
and  did  his  share  in  subduing  the  Indians,  and 
after  the  war  he  retired  to  his  home  and  in  1859 
lie  was  married. 

The  lady  who  became  the  wife  of  our  subject 
was  named  Miss  Mary  J.  Landess.  and  was  born 
in  Illinois  in  1844.  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Abrani 
Landess,  who  came  with  his  family  to  Oregon 
in  1847.  They  built  a  little,  cheap  house  in 
the  woods  on  the  clearing  .Mid  there  they  began 
their   married  life,   lived    on   this  property  stud 


made  iniproveinents  and  after  seven  years  of 
residence,  then  sold  out  and  purchased  120 
acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since  resided,  three 
quarters  of  a  mile  south  of  Beaverton,  and  on 
this  pro[>erty  he  built. a  goixl  residence. 

During  the  gold  excitement  in  Powder  river 
valley  in  18(i2-'63  he  tried  gold  digging,  biii  did 
not  remain  a  great  while.  At  that  time  Irish 
potatoes  sold  for  fifteen  cents  per  jwund  and 
Hour  was  $15  per  fifty  |)ouiid  sack.  After  he 
had  snfiiciently  satisfied  himself  at  mining  he 
returned  to  his  family  and  since  then  has  en- 
gaged in  fanning  and  also  has  (lonesome  build- 
ing as  lie  understands  the  carpenter  trade.  He 
and  his  good  wife  have  reared  a  family  of  eleven 
children:  Delila,  the  eldest  inarrieil  (ieorg3  W. 
Teif't  and  resides  near  her  father;  Abraham 
Lincoln  married  and  died  in  his  twenty-fifth 
year,  leaving  a  wife  and  two  chihlren;  Thomas 
B.,  has  a  wife  and  child  and  resides  in  Beaver- 
ton; (4eorire  is  married  and  has  a  wife  and  two 
children  and  is  a  resident  of  Beaverton;  Eliza- 
beth is  the  wife  of  Henry  Woolf  and  resides 
at  Beaverton;  .'Vdaline  is  the  wife  of  AVilliam 
B.  Anderson  and  they  have  one  child  and  reside 
near  the  parents;  Eva,  married  J.  11.  Anderson 
and  has  one  child;  Ira.  William,  Lottie  and 
Carl,  are  yet  at  Ikuiic. 

Mr.  Tucker  is  a  mem  her  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity. All  of  his  life  lie  has  been  a  Repub- 
lican but  recently  joined  the  People's  party. 
For  forty  years  he  has  been  in  Oregon  and  for 
thirty-five  he  has  been  a  member  of  tlie  School 
Board.  He  has  led  a  life  of  honest  industry. 
This  is  a  happy  family,  the  father  still  living, 
in  his  eighty-eighth  year  and  looking  younger 
than  either  of  his  sons.  All  through  the  county 
our  subject  is  known  as  an  honest,  industrious 
man  worthy  of  Hie  esteem  given  him. 


^-^-^ 

'RKDEUICK  (tIESY,  the  leading  merchant 
in  the  town  of  Aurora,  Oregon,  came  to 
the  Xorthwest  in  1855.  He  is  a  native 
ot  Pennsylvania,  born  July  19,  1833,  of  Swiss 
ancestry.  He  was  the  eleventh  child  of  the 
family  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  Pennsylvania  and  also  attended  school  in 
Missouri.  In  1855  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  leaving  Missouri  April  17,  1855,  and 
arriving  in  Portland,  Oregon,  September  20,  of 
the  same  year.  He  remained  at  Shoalwater 
Bay  until  the  June  following  and  then  went  to 


'«)^<l^'>^ 


HlHTOin'    OF    OUEOOX. 


287 


i.irs  of 
I  120 
,  three 
mi   oil 


rortlaiid,  wlierft  he  worked  at  the  hiiriiessinakers' 
trade  for  six  inontlis.  IIo  then  came  to  Salem 
and  t!nfi;aged  in  work  for  a  period  of  fifteen 
inontiis  at  wliich  time  he  returned  to  Shoal- 
water  15ay,  Watihiiijfton,  and  remained  there 
jintii  the  fall  of  1861. 

At  tiiis  time  our  subject  came  to  Aurora  and 
in  1802  he  ojiened  a  mercantile  business  under 
the  firm  name  of  F.  Keil  &  Co.,  and  later  Mr. 
(Tie^y  was  made  Deputy  i'ostmaster.  This 
continued  until  1871  atid  at  that  time  was  he  ap- 
pointed to  be  Postmaster  and  has  held  tlie  office 
ever  since.  In  1862  he  purchased  the  interest 
of  his  ])artner  in  the  business  and  retained  his 
brother  John  witii  him  until  1888,  since  which 
time  our  subject  has  owned  and  conducted  the 
liusiness  himself.  lie  keeps  a  large  stock  of 
general  merchandise  and  is  an  affable  man  and 
a  capable  merchant,  who,  1)7  liis  honorable 
methods  of  doing  business  has  prospered. 

The  store  block  wliich  Mr.  Giesy  owns  was 
built  in  1874  by  the  colony  company  and  in 
1888  when  the  company  ttroke  up  our  subject 
purchased  it.  In  [)olitics  Mr.  Oiesy  is  a  Re 
publican  and  has  been  clerk  of  the  School 
Hoard  at  Aurora  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a 
worthy  citizer  and  a  reliable  and  successful 
business  man. 

Tlie  marriage  of  our  snhject  took  place  Octo- 
ber 20,  1880.  with  Miss  Mary  V.  Carmany,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  born"  September  18, 
1862,  and  five  children  were  horn  of  this  unioti, 
as  follows:  Henry  F.,  Ivy  M.;  Alvin  A.,  died 
in  his  fifth  yei'r;  Morton  I,.,  and  Frederick  A. 
Mrs.  Geisy  died  July  7,  1892,  of  consumption. 
She  had  been  one  of  the  best  of  women,  a  faith- 
ful, loving  wife  and  kind  and  indulttent  mother 
and  because  o.'  her  many  I'stimable  qualities 
she  was  greatly  beloved  and  her  loss  was  deeply 
deplored. 


PR.  J.  W.  POWELL,  a  prominent  physician 
of  Orefjon  (]ity,  and  an  esteemed  native 
son  of  Oregon,  was  born  in  Marion  county, 
February  11,  1850,  and  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  State,  and  at  the 
Willamette  University  at  Salem.  After  becom- 
ing of  age  he  attendell  two  courses  of  lectures 
in  the  medical  department  of  the  Willamette 
University,  and  afterward  took  a  course  at  the 
Louisville  medical  College,  in  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, where    he   graduated    with  high  honors 


February  28,  1875.  He  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  professson  in  Kansas,  whtre  he  re- 
sided for  three  and  a  lialf  years.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Nevada,  where  he  practiced  until  he 
came  to  Oregon  City,  in  Septeml)er,  188Si,  where 
he  is  meeting  with  meriteil  success  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  chose. 1  profession. 

The  Doctor  was  married  iu  1878  to  Miss  M. 
A.  Browning,  an  estimable  lady,  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  J,  A.  drowning,  a  prominent  farmer  of 
Kansas.  She  is  a  native  of  Indiana.  They  have 
three  girls,  (rertie.  Myrtle  and  Stella,  all  bright 
and  attractive  children.  The  Doctor  has  al- 
ways been  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  in  188(5, 
while  residing  in  Nevada,  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  served  during  the  Thir- 
teenth session,  which  elected  the  able  free  silver 
advocate,  Hon.  William  M.  Stewart,  to  the 
United  States  Senate.  He  served  on  the  ju- 
diciary and  several  other  of  the  important  coni- 
mittees,  and  took  a  prominent  and  active  part 
in  the  work  of  the  session. 

His  father.  Rev.  Theophilus  I'owell,  and  liis 
mother  Rachel,  left  Missouri  with  ox  teams 
early  in  the  spring  of  1845,  for  the  land  of  the 
setting  sun,  Oregon,  and  after  six  nK)nths  of 
arduous  toil  and  travel  reached  their  de-tination 
late  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  They  and 
many  others  were  in  the  ill-fated  emigrant  train 
that  was  lost  on  Meek's  Cutoff,  and  came  so 
near  perishing,  but  finally  reached  their  desti- 
nation in  safety.  His  father  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  died  in  Marion  county,  Oregon,  in 
1861,  and  his  mother  was  born  in  Ohio,  an<l 
dieil  in  Clackamas  county,  Oregon,  in  181tO.  He 
has  a  brother.  Rev.  I.  J.  Powell,  who  lives  in 
Wasco  county,  and  a  sister,  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Mil- 
ler, who  resides  at  Oregon  City.  Oregon  City 
is  to  be  congratulated  on  the  accessio?i  to  its 
already  able  force  of  citizens  and  [)rofessional 
men  of  such  an  experienced,  judicious  and  con- 
scientious jihysicifui,  who,  after  more  than 
twenty  years  of  study  and  practice  give  her 
citizens  the  benefit  of  his  mature  study  and 
thought. 

jRS.  EMMA  W.  McKENZIE,  vice-i)rin- 
cipal  of  the  Couch  school,  Portland,  is 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  Healy,  who  was  born  in  Vermont. 
Tier  ancestry  were  early  settlers  of  New  Eiig- 
laiid,  from  old  England.  Mr.  Healy  was  a 
printer  and  publisher,  and  an  intimate  friend  of 


lllSTdHY     OF    OltHGON. 


m:      : 


'i'\ 


i    it 


i      \\: 


Wliittiur,  iintl  hud  the  lioiioi-  of  publishing  the 
tii'i^t  v(jiiiine  of  Ills  poems.  That  eiiiiiient  poet 
also  leiiideij  with  the  t'uniily  For  a  time.  ilr. 
llealy  iiiiui'itMl  .Miss  Radiel  W.  Little,  a  native 
of  M;i.-is;iclni.sett8,  whoHe  aiicfstry  were  from 
Eii^liiiiil  1111(1  early  settlers  of  America.  On  her 
inotiieiV  tide  she  was  a  deseendant  in  the  ninth 
jjeiieratioii  from  John  lioirers,  who  was  burned 
at  the  stake  fo-  heresy  in  Smithfiekl,  England. 
On  her  father's  side  she  was  the  great-granil- 
daughter  of  Captain  Georf^e  Little,  who,  in 
(•Giniiiand  of  I  lie  United  States  frigate  Hoston, 
capmred  tiie  French  ship  Hiiseaii.  IJer  grand- 
father, Edward  P.  Little,  was  a  memt)er  of  Con- 
gress from  irassachusetts.  Mrs.  MeKenzie  is 
the  youngest  of  their  si.N  ciiildren.  In  1855 
her  father  came  to  California  with  his  family, 
wiien  she  was  two  years  old.  They  resided  in 
Saeraniento,  Nevada  C'ty  and  San  Francisco. 
She  graduated  at  the  Oiils'  High  School  of  the 
latter  city  in  1872.  and  tanglit  there  for  five 
years.  In  187'J  slie  came  to  Portland,  and  has 
taught  contiiHioiisly  in  the  city  schools  sevwii 
years,  first  in  the  Failing  Schijol  and  then  in  the 
Couch;  she  has  been  vice-principal  of  the  latter 
three  years. 

Mrs.  Mclven/.ie  has  adopted  teaching  as  her 
life  work,  and  she  is  most  eminently  fitted  for 
that  vocation,  both  by  natural  endowments  and 
long  and  successful  work.  The  school-room 
which  she  now  occupies  and  where  she  does  her 
work,  in  a  (juiet  and  business-like  way,  is,  as  it 
were,  a  "little  corner"  of  this  world,  cosy  and 
neat,  which  she  has  made  sacred  in  the  memory 
of   many  a  thankful  child. 

In  her  religious  relations  she  is  a  member  of 
Trinity  (Uiurcli,  Ejiiscopai.  Her  liusliand  is 
(Tcorge  MeKenzie,  an  expert  accountant. 


iExNERAL  W.  If.  ODELL.  one  of  the 
|iroiiiiiieiit  |)ioneers  of  Oregon,  and  lias 
been  for  many  years  President  of  the 
Hoard  of  Trustees  of  Willamette  llniversitv,  is 
a  native  of  the  Statt;  of  Indiana,  horn  in  Car- 
roll county  in  1830.  His  ancestors  were  among 
the  colonists  of  South  Carolina,  ami  the  father 
and  grandfather  emigrated  from  that  State  to 
Ohio  in  1803;  five  years  later  they  removed  to 
Carroll  county,  aiui  were  the  first  white  settlers 
of  Jackson  township.  The  country  was  wild 
and  overgrown  with  brush  and  timber,  but  with 
a  courage  and  zeal  worthy  of  the  cause  they  be- 


gan the  task  of  making  a  home  and  farm  in  the 
heart  of  the  forest.  Here  the  grandfather  died; 
the  father,  John  Odell,  was  married  in  Wayne 
county,  Indiana,  to  Miss  Sarah  llolnian,  a  na- 
tive of  Kentucky;  he  continued  agricultural 
jiursuits  until  1851,  when  he  fitted  out  for  a 
trip  across  the  plains;  accompanied  i)y  his  wife 
and  children  he  made  the  journey,  and  after  his 
arrival  in  Oregon  located  in  Yam  Hill  county 
where  he  and  his  wife  passed  the  remainder  of 
their  days. 

W.  II.  Odell,  son  of  the  above,  received  bis 
education  in  the  schools  of  iiis  native  State,  and 
had  a  two  years  course  at  tiie  Oregon  Institute, 
before  it  was  known  as  the  Willamette  Univer- 
sity. After  finishing  his  education  he  engaged 
in  fanning,  which  he  followed  until  18(50,  wiien 
be  took  charge  of  the  Santiam  Academy;  he 
conducted  this  institution  for  three  years,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1864  he  accepted  the  position  of 
Deputy  United  States  Surveyor  of  public  lands, 
an  office  ho  held  until  1871;  he  was  then  ap- 
pointed Surveyor-General  for  the  State  of  Ore- 
gon, bi.t  after  three  years  of  services  he  re- 
turned to  field  work,  which  he  carried  on  until 
187(i. 

This  year  was  the  l)eginning  of  his  political 
career.  He  was  Republican  nominee  for  Presi- 
dential Elector  in  the  Hayes  and  Tilden  cam- 
paign. At  the  8ubse(juei\t  meeting  of  the  elec- 
toral delegates.  General  Odell  was  aj)pointed 
messenger  to  take  the  vote  to  Washington, 
which  duty  he  ])erformed  with  great  credit  and 
honor  to  himself.  U|)on  his  return  to  Saleir, 
in  the  spring  of  1877,  he  purchased  the  Ore- 
gon daily  and  weekly  Statesman,  which  he  con- 
ducted successfully  until  1885;  he  tilled  the 
position  of  State  printer  during   the   last   two 

J  rears.  Retiring  from  literarv  work  in  1885, 
le  was  apjiointed  under  the  closing  adminis- 
tration of  President  Arthur  as  Postmaster  of 
the  city  of  Salem,  and  held  the  office  through- 
out the  lei  .1  of  ofHce  of  President  Cleveland. 
Since  his  reiirement  he  has  nota('tively  engaged 
in  business,  except  as  performing  8|,;;;'ial  land 
work  for  the  iTOvernment,  the  latest  beinj  that 
of  the  allotment  of  lands  in  the  Siletz  Ii  dian 
Reservation. 

(ieneral  Odell  was  married  in  Polk  county 
Oregon,  in  1855.  to  Miss  Elizabeth  F.  McClench, 
a  native  of  Maine.  Mrs.  Odell  is  a  woman  of 
many  tim^  traits  of  character;  she  is  deeply 
interested  in  educational  work,  and  for  many 
years  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  TrusteeB 
of  Willainatte  University. 


uiiiroici'  OF  oitiidoN. 


28U 


The  General  is  a  member  of  tlio  I.  U.  ().  F. 
Hill]  the  A.  O.  IJ.  W.  He  is  a  iiiau  of  keen  and 
(jiiiclc  perceptioim,  and  iiigli  priiieiples.  and  is 
in  every  way  a  wortliy  representative  of  the 
pioneers  of  Oregon. 


f  RAN  KLIN  r.  MAYS,  United  States 
Attorney  for  the  District  of  Oregon,  is  a 
native  of  the  State,  born  in  Lane  county, 
May  12,  1855.  His  father,  lion.  Robert  Mays, 
now  Mayor  of  Dalies  city,  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  but  went  to  Illinois  when  a  hoy, 
and  there  attained  mature  years,  beinp;  reared 
on  his  father's  farm.  In  1849  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Lodemiua  Fowler,  and  in  1852  they 
joined  the  tide  of  Western  emigration,  and 
after  a  wearisome  journey  of  six  months  arrived 
at  the  Dalles;  they  went  down  the  Columbia 
river  to  Portland,  and  in  the  spring  of  1853, 
took  up  a  donation  claim  in  Lane  county.  In 
1858.  Mr.  Mays  removed  to  Wasco  county  and  en- 
(raged  in  stock-farming.  He  is  still  in  that 
business  although  since  1873  he  has  resided 
in  the  Dalles  Franklin  P.  Mays  is  the  third 
of  a  family  of  eight  children.  His  education 
was  secured  under  the  difKculties  that  strongly 
characterize  every  pioneer  coniinunity;  'Jie 
school  session  seldom  lasted  as  much  as  three 
months  duriTig  the  year,  and  the  rest  of  the 
time  he  devoted  to  farm  labor.  Until  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age  his  opportunities  were 
limited  to  the  log  schoolhouse,  but  he  then  en- 
tered Willamette  University,  and  was  gradu- 
ated at  that  institution  .lune  1,  1870.  In 
the  fall  of  1877  he  entered  the  office  of  .Judge 
William  Lair  Hill,  a  distinguished  jurist  then 
at  the  Dalles;  each  summer  he  attended  to  his 
usual  duties  at  the  stock-ranch,  but  dilligently 
continued  his  studies,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  before  the  Suj)reme  Court,  January  9,  1880. 
He  then  formed  a  partnership  with  Judge  Hill 
at  the  Dalles,  which  existed  until  1886;  inJuly 
of  that  year  it  was  dissolved  on  account  of  the 
removal  of  Judge  Hill  to  Oakland.  The  firm 
ot  Mays,  Huntington  &  Wilson  was  soon  after 
formed,  and  still  exists  at  the  Dalles. 

In  February,  1890,  Mr.  Mays  received  the 
appointment  of  Uniteii  States  Attorney,  and 
since  that  date  has  temporarily  resided  at  Port- 
land. 

He  was  married  at  the  Dalles,  January  31, 
1884,  to  Miss  Genevieve  G.  Wilson,  also  a   na- 


tive of  Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Judge  Josepii  (i.  Wilson,  a  pioneer  of  lS52, 
Judge  Wilson  became  prominent  upon  thel)LMich 
as  Circuit  and  Supreme  Judge,  and  also  repre- 
sented the  State  in  Congress.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mays  are  the  parents  of  two  children:  Wilson 
P.  and  Genevieve  G. 

Politically,  Mr.  Mays  has  been  a  stanch  Re- 
publican from  his  l)oylu)od,  ever  ready  to  ad- 
vance his  party's  intereste,  but  not  an  otliee- 
seeker.  He  was  a  delegate  at  lar^e  to  the  con- 
vention  at  Chicago,  which  nominated  Henjainin 
Harrison  in  1888,  and  was  the  State  Delegate 
on  the  committee  selected  to  notify  Mr.  Harri- 
son of  his  nomination  for  Presidct  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  the  first  native-born 
citiy.en  (;f  the  State  of  Oregon  elected  asadeie- 
gate  to  attend  a  National  convention,  and  the 
lirst  native  son  to  fill  the  position  of  the  United 
States  Attorney. 


fROFESSOR  FRANK  RIGLER,  the  etH- 
eient  |)rincipal  of  the  Harrison  Street 
School,  Portland,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of 
Philadelphia.  I'ennsylvania,  where  he  was  iiorn 
January  9, 1854. 

His  father,  Henry  Rigler,  was  also  a  native 
of  the  Keystone  State,  where  he  was  born  in 
1815.  He  was  a  descendant  of  Jacob  Rigler, 
who  emigrated  froii'  Germany  to  America  pre- 
vious to  the  Revolution,  several  of  the  name 
having  participated  in  that  memorable  struggle 
for  independence,  serving  under  the  celebrated 
(Tcneral  Wayne.  The  family  were  principally 
well-to-do  farmers  and  stock  men.  Henry  Rig- 
ler married  Miss  Mary  Castor,  who  was  a  direct 
descendant  of  the  family  of  that  name,  who  emi- 
grated to  America  with  William  Penn,  and  were 
among  the  first  settlers  of  the  city  of  Hrotherly 
liove,  afterward  becoming  iirominent  in  the 
affairs  of  the  church  and  State.  Henry  Rigler 
and  wife  had  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  at- 
tained tiiaturity,  nine  still  living. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  tlie  seventh 
child.  He  attended  the  Philadelphia  city  schools, 
graduating  from  the  Roys'  Central  High 
School. 

His  career  as  a  teacher  began  in  1875,  at 
Doylestown,  Pennsylvania.  The  foll(|\ving  year, 
he  became  connected  with  the  Philadelphia 
schools,  with  which  he  continued  until  1879, 
when  he  came  to  Polk  county,  Oregon. 


•I'.IO 


IIIHTOIIY    OF    OREGON. 


In  1881,  he  bucaiui'  principal  of  the  High 
Sciiodl  lU  liuh'pt'ndeiiL'e,  Ori'ijon.  where  lie  re- 
iiiMineii  for  two  years,  when  he  was  elected 
i-nperintendeiit  of  the  Walla  Walla  city  schools, 
in  which  latter  caijacity  lie  served  for  another 
year,  lie  was  then  elected  principal  of  the 
Portland  Park  school,  after  which  he  accepted 
the  piiiicipalsliip  of  the  Oregon  City  schools,  in 
which  ca|iacity  he  served  for  three  years,  when 
he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Portland  Harri- 
son Street  School,  where  he  has  since  continued. 

In  1884  he  was  inariied  to  Aliss  Lena  Koeh- 
ler,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  a  daiicrhter  of  Mr. 
(Jliarles  Koehler.  She  was  a  successful  teacher 
in  the  public  schools  of  Umatilla  county,  before 
her  niarriaire.  Tliev  iiave  two  children;  Evelyn, 
who  Wi.„  I'orn  in  Walla  Walla,  in  .Vugust,  1885; 
and  Howard,  who  was  burn  in  Oregon  City,  in 
.April,  1891. 

As  a  teacher,  Pi'ofessor  Rijifler  has  achieved 
eminent  snccess,  and  is  highly  esteemed  in 
Orejfon  for  his  many  excellent  qualities  of 
mind  and  heart.  He  is  a  deep  thinker,  with 
broad  view.-  on  every  subject  of  interest,  (ienial 
and  whole-souled,  it  is  a  |ileaBure  to  meet  him, 
and  eniibjes  one  to  account  for  bis  very  great 
popularitv  with  his  fellow-teacbera  and  pupils, 
lie  is  thoroughly  devoted  to  his  life  work, 
which,  rightly  understood  and  followed,  is  one 
of  the  greatest  professions  known  to  iiian. 


flllU.STlAX  K.  SMITH  is  the  owner  of  the 
celebrated  Carter  Creek  Mineral  Springs, 
and  Gas  IJaths.  These  famous  springs  are 
located  in  the  Siskiyou  nioniitains,  2.400  feet 
above  the  sea  level,  and  some  twelve  miles 
southeast  of  Ashland,  on  what  is  known  as 
(,'arter  creek.  The  waters  of  these  s])ritigs  are 
highly  reconmiended  by  the  medical  fraternity  as 
aciirat'vu  sanitarium  for  rheumatism,  neural- 
gia, catarrh,  dyspepsia  and  all  liver  and  kidney 
diseases.  Many  wRo  have  visited  these  springs, 
almost  helpless  from  rheumatism  and  other 
complicated  diseases,  have  left  the  springs  en- 
tirely cured. 

The  resort  and  adjacent  grounds  consist,  in 
all,  of  about  lOO  acres,  three  different  springs  be- 
ing located  on  the  place,  two  of  which  contain 
a  large  ^er  cent  of  Fulpher,  soda  and  iron, 
while  the  third  is  soda  and  iron  principally. 
There  are  four  bathhonses  arrange<l  for  the 
use  of   bath  for  both  male  and  female    patrons. 


There  are  cottages  near  the  springs  for  the 
benefit  of  campers.  There  is  also  the  most 
beautiful  grounds  with  plenty  of  shade,  while 
the  surroundings  abound  with  plenty  of  small 
game,  grouse,  pheasant,  quail,  and  larger  game 
is  most  plentiful  farther  back  in  the  mountains. 
The  springs  are  accessible  from  the  city  of 
Ashland,  over  good  roads,  also  from  Steinman 
station  on  the  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
railroad,  a  distance  of  one  mile.  Mr.  Smith 
contemplates  in  the  ncir  future  to  run  a  con- 
veyance from  the  station  to  the  springs,  on  the 
arrival  and  departure  of  trains  for  the  iccomino- 
dation  of  guests  visiting  the  springs.  The 
guests  have  every  convenience  possible  and 
they  receive  their  mail  and  paper  daily,  the 
othce  being  located  at  the  station. 

The  springs  are  l)ecoming  very  popular  and 
have  already  a  good  share  of  |)atronage.  Mr. 
.Siiiitli  also  has  a  good  traile  in  the  sale  of  min- 
eral water,  as  be  makes  a  specialty  of  bottling 
and  selling  at  Ashland. 

Mr.  Smith  is  a  native  of  Lebanon,  Warren 
county,  Ohio,  being  born  November  2,  18.j,^. 
His  parents  were  Christian  and  Eliza  (Haniil- 
toii)  Smith,  the  former  being  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania, of  (Jerman  extraction.  He  removed 
to  Ohio  in  the  early  pioneer  days.  He  died 
January  4,  1804.  The  latter  dieil  June  2, 
18'J2.  She  is  of  Scotch  descent  and  her  peo- 
ple were  early  settlers  in  the  Keystone  State. 
The  family  consisted  of  si.x  children,  of  which 
onr  subject  was  the  third.  He  was  reared  in 
his  native  State  and  after  finishing  his  school 
I  life  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until 
1881,  when  he  took  (Treeley's  advice  and  turned 
his  face  westward  and  located  land  on  Sweet 
(Jrass  river,  ^lontana,  but  his  health  gave  out 
and  he  remaineil  there  but  one  year.  He  next 
located  at  Poise  City,  Idaho,  and  became  en- 
gaged in  handling  stock  for  three  years,  going 
thence  to  Ashland,  Oregon,  where  he  farmed 
for  awhile.  His  present  property  was  located 
by  his  brother,  Milton  A.,  in  1886,  but  passed 
into  his  hands  in  June.  1891.  Mr.  Smith  is 
still  a  single  man,  a  Pepublican  politically,  and 
is  a  member  of  Lebanon  Lodge,  K.  of  P.,  No 
4!l,  of  Ohio. 

j|i?^OLONEL  ROBERT  POLLOCK,  a  promi- 
yBK  nent  citizen  of  Washington  county.  Ore 
^3pi  gon,  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  and  civil 
wars,  coniee  of  Scotch  ancestry,  who  emigrated 


IK 


UWTOHY    OF    OKKGON- 


801 


to  Ireland,  where  his  fatlier,  David  Pollock,  was 
born,  reared,  educated  and  married,  to  Miss 
Ellen  Ewing.  With  his  yoniij^  wife  ho  sailed 
for  America,  selecting  Philadelphia  as  a  place 
of  location.  In  this  city  three  children  were 
born,  ot  which  oursuiijeot  is  the  only  survivor. 
Uis  father  went  to  Ohio  to  select  Government 
land  at  an  early  day,  and  it  is  believed  that  he 
was  killed,  as  his  wife  and  children  never  heard 
of  him  afterward.  His  wife  d'  .  her  forty-tifth 
year,  having  been  faithful  in  all  of  the  duties  of 
life. 

(!olonel  Pollock  was  born  in  Philadel|ihia 
September  17,  1819,  and  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  his  native  city,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a  carpenter  at  which  he  worked  until 
war  was  declared  with  Mexico,  when  in  Decem- 
ber, 1846,  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Virginia  In- 
fantry, serving  during  the  war  under  General 
Taylor,  being  one  of  the  brave  soldiers  of  whom 
the  General  said  they  "  never  knew  when  they 
were  whipped.''  After  three  months'  service  as 
u  Sergeant  he  was  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy 
and  as  such  served  to  the  close  of  tlie  war.  They 
were  mustered  out  at  Fortress  Monroe  July  31, 
184:8,  he  returne<i  to  his  home  and  continued 
his  business  until  1850,  when  he  came  by  the 
way  of  Panama  to  San  Francisco  and  went  direct 
to  the  mines  and  mined  at  Diamond  Springs  in 
El  Dorado  county  and  from  there  went  to  Park's 
Jiar  on  the  Vuba  river. 

At  first  he  met  with  tiattering  success  and 
took  out  as  high  as  $500  in  a  day  and  secured  a 
great  deal  of  gold,  but  he  and  the  miners  formed 
H  coi7ipany  to  work  in  the  river  and  oy  getting 
on  the  spot  secure  an  immense  fortune.  Our 
.subject  was  made  superintendent  of  the  work 
and  after  they  had  expended  much  money  on  it 
the  high  water  came  and  swept  away  all  they 
had  done  and  buried  the  treasure  they  had  ex- 
pected to  lay  bare  deeper  than  ever.  This  placed 
him  back  to  within  a  few  hundred  dollars  of 
where  he  was  when  he  began.  He  continued 
mining  with  varied  success,  and  in  ISoS  was 
engaged  in  contracting  and  building,  but  fol- 
lowed mining  a  great  deal  of  the  time  until 
1860. 

In  1855  white  in  San  Francisco  lie  had  the 
honor  of  being  the  organizer  of  Company  0  of 
the  First  Regiment  Militin  of  Oalifornia.  They 
now  have  a  tine  armory  ot  their  own  on  Post 
street,  and  are  one  of  the  best  companies  of 
California  State  Militia.  Tie  was  also  an  active 
member  of  the  Sa-.i  Francisco  Fire  Department. 


In  1858  he  went  to  British  Columbia  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  gold  excitement  there,  made 
some  money  and  at  one  time  took  out  two 
ounces  of  gold  a  day,  but  they  had  a  rough  time 
and  many  hardships  on  Fraser's  I'iver,  and  in 
1800  he  was  glad  to  return  to  San  I"'rancisco. 

February  12,  1801,  Colonel  Pollock  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Sarah  .lane  Myers.  Slie  was  born 
in  Herkimer  county,  New  Vork.  October  H5, 
1838.  Tlie  following  spring  after  his  marriage 
the  old  flag  was  fired  on  at  Fort  Sumter  and 
all  of  his  military  ardor  returned  to  him,  and 
ho  volunteered  to  the  service  of  his  country. 
He  was  mustered  in  as  Major,  August  26,  1861, 
of  the  first  regiment  of  California  Volunteers; 
December  12,  1861,  he  was  jiromoted  to  be 
Lieutcnan  t-Colonel  of  the  Third  (.'alifornia  Infan- 
try. March  29,  18()3,  Colonel  of  the  same; 
November  14,  1864,  he  was  honoi'ably  dis- 
charged; but  January  2, 1865,  iie  was  appointed 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  theSecond  California  In- 
fantry; he  was  breveted  Colonel  March  13,  1865, 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  services,  and  was 
mustered  out  September  23,  1866.  The  whole 
of  his  military  service  during  the  great  civil  war 
was  on  the  frontier  with  the  Indians. 

July  28,  1866,  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant 
of  the  Thirty-second  United  States  Infantry  and 
accepted  the  position  February  18,  1867,  and 
was  transferred  to  the  Twenty-first  Infantry 
April  19,  1869.  He  was  promoted  to  be  Cap- 
tain February  19,  1873,  and  was  retired  Sep- 
tember 17,  1883,  as  Captain. 

Our  subject  has  had  a  long  and  adventurous 
military  career,  among  other  important  events 
of  it  being  the  campaign  with  (Tcneral  Howard 
after  Chief  Joseph  and  his  participation  in  the 
battle  of  Clearwater.  He  was  also  all  through 
the  Modoc  war.  In  1881,  in  contemplation  of 
his  retirement  from  army  life  he  purchased  fifty 
acres  of  choice  land  in  western  Oregon  near 
Cornelius  station,  where  he  has  built  a  nice  cot- 
tage, and  is  now  engaged  in  the  peaceable  and 
profitable  occupation  of  fruit  and  hop  raising. 
His  home  is  a  good  one,  and  he  has  surrounded 
himself  with  all  of  the  comforts  of  life,  and  re- 
sides with  his  faithful  wife  and  children. 

Colonel  Pollock  and  wife  have  had  nine  children, 
and  one  of  them,  Amelia,  died  at  Fort  Kearney,  in 
the  sixth  year  of  her  age.  Izatus  P.  died  in  the 
twenty-ninth  year  of  his  age  and  Clara  in  her 
twenty-third  year.  The  surviving  children  are 
with    their    parents,  as   follows:    John  R.,  Kllii 


Ts-( 


S!)2 


UrsTORY    OF    OREOON. 


i>  E 


Adelaide,  Flora  Jiellc,  William  M.,  Lyle  Van  and 
Charles  II. 

( Mir  till l)jeet  is  a  Iloyal  Arch  Mason  ami  a 
ineiiilier  of  the  I'liiteil  States  Loyal  Legion  of 
Oreiron.  In  politics  he  is  a  Repiihlican  and  at 
all  times  pleasant  and  aijreeahle.  His  family 
aie  cotineeted  with  the  Congregational  Church, 
and  are  much  esteemed. 


E.  JS'  E  W  T  O  N  is  the  son  of  Isaac  and 
^1      Anna  (Allen)  >.'e\v*on,  natives  of   Ohio 

J  <»  and  (Jre(ron,  respectively. 

Voniifv  Xewton,  who  is  the  suhjeet  of  this 
l>rief  sketch  was  horn  in  IJenton  county,  Ore- 
gon, Jaiiniiry  I'J,  1805.  He  was  reared  and  re- 
ceived a  liheral  education  in  the  I'liiloinath  Col- 
lege, and  completed  his  studies  in  1885,  since 
which  time  lie  has  (lev<ited  liis.attention  to  farin- 
iiifT.  He  resides  four  miles  east  of  Pliiloniath, 
where  he  owns  seventy-eight  acres  of  farm  and 
timher  land.  ^Ir.  Hentoii  has  spent  liis  entire 
life  in  his  native  county,  with  tlie  exception  of 
four  years  spent  in  Washinirton. 

Mr.  iS'ewton  was  married  in  Washington.  Oe- 
toher  27,  1887,  to  Miss  Adelle  Urownson,  a 
native  of  Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of  .lulius 
I'rownson,  a  pioneer  of  1853.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Newton  have  one  child.  Vada  A. 

In  political  matters  Mr.  Xewton  is  a  Uepnb- 
liciiii,  althouirh  not  an  active  one.  He  is  a  man 
of  literary  tastes  and  ability  and  during  his  col- 
lege life  was  an  eiitlaisiastregariiinir  all  literary 
and  scientific  subjects.  He  was  secretary  for  a 
long  time  of  llie  literary   society  of    Philomath. 

Altliough  a  yonng  man  Mr.  Newton  is  pos- 
sessed of  considerable  executive  ability  and  is 
highly  regarded  in  the  comnuinity  as  a  worthy 
and  esteemed  citizen. 

^^         #^J. 

fA.  JONEb,  ■'  .  of  the  pioneers  of  eastern 
Oregon,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  lie 
o  came  here  wlien  a  young  man  having  been 
born  in  Stafl'<n-(1  county,  Virginia,  in  1839.  His 
father  and  mother,  .hired  and  Rebecca  Jones, 
both  died  when  our  subject  was  quite  young. 
He  was  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  seven  chil- 
dren. After  the  death  of  liis  jiaVents  he  went  to 
Ohio  to  live  with  his  uncle,  then  he  lived  one 
year  in  Indiana  iind   went  to   Missouri  in  1855 


with  one  brother  and  sister.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  common  school  and  later  took  one 
term  at  IJradley  College.  For  a  time  he  worked 
by  the  day  for  wages  and  later  on  rented  hind 
and  farmed  and  remaineil  for  seven  years  in  the 
State  of  Missouri.  In  18t)2  he  had  accumulated 
enough  to  enable  him  to  purchase  four  liead  of 
cattle  and  a  wagon  and  he  spliced  teams  with  Mr. 
lieason  and  a  start  was  made  for  Oregon. 

Our  subject  and  his  partner  reached  Powder 
River  valley  and  remairied  there  until  spring 
and  then  came  to  Grande  lionde  valley  where 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising,  taking 
a  farm  of  100  acres.  In  1864  he  sold  tliis  farm 
and  went  into  the  butchering  business  at  J'oca- 
lioutas,  iSaker  county.  This  he  followed  for  a 
time,  then  bought  a  ranch  of  320  acres  with  a 
Ml.  Johnson  in  Unioncounty.  Ileretliey  farmed 
and  raised  stock  nntil  1884.  His  partner  died 
in  1882,  and  when  a  division  had  been  made, 
Mr.  Jones  sold  out  his  interest  and  moved  into 
Lhiion,  where  he  now  lives. 

Our  subject  has  never  married,  having  spent 
his  life  in  single  blessedness.  His  present  resi- 
dence is  with  a  widowed  sister,  Mrs.  Margaret 
Reiison.  He  has  one  brotlier  in  Tuscola,  Illi- 
nois, in  the  banking  business.  Mr.  tlones  went 
out  into  the  world  alone  when  tjuite  young  and 
has  been  very  successful.  He  has  sold  all  but 
120  acres  of  land,  and  has  iiioney  loaned  at  in- 
terest. His  idea  is  at  present  to  take  the  rest  of 
his  life  easily.  Many  calls  are  made  upon  his 
generosity  as  he  is  known  to  he  very  charitable. 
He  contributes  to  all  benevolent  enterprises  and 
is  a  man  much  esteemed. 


A.  CRAWFORD,  a  proininent  fanner  and 
stockman  of  Summerville,  Union  county, 
'<*  Oregon,  was  born  in  Grant  comity,  Wis- 
consin, April  22,  1844,  and  was  the  sou  of  J.  R. 
Crawford,  a  native  of  Virginia,  who  went  to 
Wisconsin,  when  a  young  man  and  was  married 
to  Louisa  Greggory,  a  native  of  Georgia.  Mr. 
Oawford  removed  his  family  to  Oregon,  in 
1800,  he  having  come  to  the  State  eight  years 
previously.  The  family  landed  at  their  place  of 
destination  the  day  Abraham  Lincoln  was  elected 
I'resident.  Mr.  Crawford  settled  his  family  in 
Jackson  county  and  here  he  died,  aged  seventy- 
nine.  Tlie  mother  is  still  living  and  resides  at 
Oakland,  California,  aged  seventy  years. 

Our  subject  was  the  owner  of  a  farm  in  Mon- 


Illt^TORY    OF    Oll/CGOX. 


'iua 


rue  county,  but  he  sold  it  and  went  to  Uinntilla 
county,  and  from  there  to  Washinirton  Territory, 
from  which  latter  place  he  returned  to  Oregon 
and  •settled  in  Union  county,  where  he  is  now 
eniraged  in  larining  and  stock-raisinj^.  j\[r. 
Crawford  has  Been  some  of  the  wildest  scenes  of 
f)ion_eer  lite  enacted,  as  he  was  in  the  freij;hting 
and  packing  business  for  six  years,  from  Uma- 
tilla to  Idaho.  He  had  atrain  of  pack  animals, 
sixty  in  number,  and  received  titty  cents  a  pound 
for  all  his  freight  he  packed  across  the  mount- 
ains. He  had  to  contend  with  the  Indians,  more 
or  let^s  for  several  years,  and  his  trains  had  to 
be  guarded  every  night.  In  this,  as  in  all  of  his 
dealings,  he  proved  liiinself  an  honest,  industri- 
OUR  man. 

Mr.  Crawford  was  married  in  1874,  to  Jane 
Shell,  who  was  born  in  Oregon,  April  22,  1849. 
She  has  borne  her  husband  four  children, namely : 
Laura  H.,  Delbert  A.,  Cora  May  and  Emma 
Grace.  Mr.  (h-awford  is  a  Mason  and  a  Itepub- 
lioan  in  politics. 


rn^^m^ 


<■*=- 


fllRlSTOPHEIi  HOBERG,an  intelligent 
and  progressive  citizen  of  Oregon  City, 
and  ail  honored  veteran  of  the  late  war, 
was  horn  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  March  15, 1845. 
He  is  of  German  descent,  his  father.  Christian 
lioberg,  having  been  born  in  Prussia,  Germany, 
where  he  was  reared,  and  married.  In  184(1, 
the  father  with  his  wife  and  eight  children  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States.  Four  more  chil- 
dren were  born  in  the  new  country,  of  whom 
si.\  now  survive,  three  living  in  Oregon.  Rev. 
Joseph  Iloberg,  a  Methodist  minister,  resides  in 
McMiniiville;  Casper  II.  is  in  the  sawmill  busi- 
ness at  Albany,  Oregon;  while  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  in  Oregon  City.  In  1846,  the 
family  moved  to  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin. 

It  was  in  the  latter  place  that  our  subject  was 
raised  and  educated.  He,  there,  learned  the 
cooper's  trade,  which  he  followed  for  some  years, 
when  the  decimated  ranks  of  soldiery  demanded 
re-enforcement,  and  he  enlisted  in  Company  H, 
Twenty-sixth  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry. 
Without  much  drilling,  he  was  placed  in  a  regi- 
ment which  had  become  experienced  in  war,  and 
who  were  veterans.  He  joined  his  regiment, 
under  Sherman,  at  Whiteside  station,  and  soon 
afterward  fought  in  the  battle  at  I'nzzard's  Uoost. 
It  was  a  new  experience  to  him,  this   pande- 


monium of  noise,caused  liy  the  roaring  of  cannon, 
the  whistling  of  haUS  and  the  sharp  re])ort  of 
riHes,  with  which  was  combined  the  shrieks  of 
wounded  horses  and  the  groans  of  dying  men, 
as  brothers  hurled  themselves  against  each  other 
in  awful  carnage.  It  was  a  sight  and  sound  to 
make  the  bravest  (piail,  but  Mr.  Iloberg's  com- 
rades testiKed  to  his  courage,  and  he  soon  be- 
came inured  to  these  sanguinary  scenes,  and  bore 
himself  as  unflinchingly  as  did  the  others.  At 
the  battleofliesaca,  Georgia,  he  received  a  scalp 
wounfl  from  a  minie  ball,  which  knocked  him 
senseless,  and  he  lay  on  the  field  for  some  tiTiie. 
When  it  was  discovered  that  he  still  breathed, 
he  was  cared  for  and  taken  to  the  hospital  at 
Nashville.  The  wound  on  his  head  was  for  some 
time  a  running  sore,  and  when  it  healed  up,  it 
broke  out  internally  and  discharged  at  his  nose 
and  ears.  In  four  months'  time  he  returned  to 
his  regiment,  rejoining  them  immediately  alter 
the  battle  of  Atlanta,  and  continued  with  Sher- 
man's army,  making  the  memorable  march  to 
the  sea,  participating  in  the  raids  and  battles, 
and  in  the  final  granil  review  of  the  victorious 
Union  army  in  Washington  City.  He  was  hon- 
orably discharged  at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  when 
ho  returned  to  his  home  and  friends  iti  Shel)oy- 
gan,  appearing  to  them  as  one  risen  from  the 
dead,  having  had  a  narrow  escape  from  death, 
and  having  contributed  his  share  to  the  uplift- 
ing and  liberating  of  millions  of  suffering  human 
l)eings.  For  five  years  he  worked  at  his  trade, 
when  his  health  failed,  his  lungs  becoming  ul- 
cerated, and  his  physician  advised  him  to  seek  a 
milder  climate,  if  he  desired  to  live. 

He  accordingly  moved  with  his  family  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  after  arriving  in  Sai.  Francisco  nearly 
died  of  a  congestive  chill.  On  recovering  sutH- 
ciently  to  move,  he  came  to  JJrownville,  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  where  he  rapidly  improved, 
gaining  twenty-seven  pounds  within  six  weeks. 
He  liBs  since  resided  for  twenty-one  years  in 
Oregon,  and  has  never  been  sick  during  that 
time.  He  was  recently  rigidly  examined  for 
the  |)urpose  of  securing  life  insurance,  and  was 
satisfactorily  passed. 

He  preempted  a  homestead  in  ]3enton  county, 
'Oregon,  which  he  cultivated  and  on  which  he 
made  improvements,  residing  there  until  1888, 
when  he  removed  to  Oregon  (Mty,  where  he  has 
since  liveil,  working  at  the  carpenter's  trade  and 
house  building,  until  the  Mayor  of  the  city  ap- 
pointed him  Superintendent  of  Streets,  in  which 
capacity   he  is    now  serving,  and  is  making  a 


204 


insTORY    OF    OHKGON. 


most  etticient  orticer.  He  has  puroliased  valuable 
property  in  ()rej;oii  City,  on  which  he  has  erected 
a  pleasant  liuine,  where  he  atui  his  family  reside, 
surrounded  with  all  the  comforts  of  lite. 

In  ISljy  he  was  married  to  Miss  Frederica 
Armstroff",  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native  of 
Prussia.  They  have  had  two  children,  a  son 
and  daughter,  Ella  F.  and  Arthur,  the  latter  of 
whom  they  lost,  when  they  adopted  Mena  Git- 
t'on,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  Caj)tain  Ernest  Loll, 
and   resides  in   I'orthmd. 

Mr.  rioberi;  is  an  esteemed  member  of  the 
G.  A.  U.  Meade  I'ost,  \o.  2,  for  whom  he  has 
served  three  terms  as  Chaplain. 

He  is  an  active  memi)er  of  the  Kniirhts  of 
I'ythias,  and  belongs  to  the  Baptist  Church,  to 
which  he  has  given  much  valuable  assistance, 
lie  takes  a  deep  interest  in  everything  pertain- 
ing til  the  odueatiomil  and  moral  advunceinent, 
as  well  as  the  material  development,  of  his  city, 
and  has  given  l)oth  his  time  and  money  to 
subserve  its  best  interests. 

Mr.  Floberg's  success  in  life  is  due  entirely  to 
his  own  natural  ability  and  habits  of  industry 
and  economy,  by  which  (jualities  he  has  raise<l 
himself  from  obscurity  to  his  present  condition 
of  comfort  and  prominence.  By  his  uniform 
integrity  in  all  the  walks  of  lite  and  considerati(>n 
of  others,  he  has  gained  the  esteem  of  his  fellow- 
men,  who  join  in  wishing  him  all  prosperity 
and  liapj)ines8. 


4^ 


^ 


^^^ 


\\\  A  li  L  E  S  E  L  K  I  ()  T  WlXCi,  M.  I).,  a 
widely  and  favorably  known  physician  of 
^  .  Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  on  his  father's 
farm,  located  near  Utica,  New  York,  Septem- 
ber 12,  1849. 

His  ancestors  were  Quakers,  who  emigrated 
from  England  to  New  Hampshire  in  the  early 
history  of  the  colonies.  His  father  was  a  large 
land-owner  in  Oneida  county.  New  York,  and 
was  a  Minister  and  a  Clerk  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  He  married  Miss  Hulda  Gaskill,  who 
was  also  a  Quaker,  a  native  of  Beimington,  Ver- 
mont. Her  ancestors  were  early  settlers  of 
Massachusetts,  and  at  the  time  of  the  persecu- 
tion of  the  Quakers,  her  grandmother  was 
whipped  in  the  streets  of  Boston.  Her  ances- 
tors were  English,  atul  of  the  same  family  to 
which  Gladstone,  England's  greatest  statesman, 
belongs. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  youngest 


of  a  family  of  eight  children,  only  three  of  whom 
arc  now  living.  Heat  first  attended  the  Albion 
public  schools,  in  Orleans  county,  New  York, 
after  which  he  went  to  the  aeailetny,  in  the  same 
county.  FHs  medical  education  was  obtained 
in  the  Chicago  Medical  College,  where  he  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  18Gi)-"7().  He  then  con- 
tinued his  medical  studies  with  Dr.  John 
Hopkins,  of  Wisconsin,  and  also  with  Dr.  Cal- 
vin Fitch,  of  Chicago.  The  latter  is  a  promi- 
nent specialist  in  chronic  diseases,  and  from 
him  Dr.  Wing  acquired  his  knowledge  of  those 
ailments  aiul  their  treatment,  in  whicli  branch 
of  medical  kuowledsre  he  has  since  distinixuished 
himself. 

The  Doctor  commenced  his  j)ractice  in  Neosho, 
Dodge  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  continued 
for  ti\'e  years.  He  then  removed  to  Hartforil, 
Washington  county,  in  the  same  State,  remain- 
ing there  another  five  years,  or  until  his  health 
failed  from  overwork,  and  he  was  for  a  time 
prostrated  with  a  severe  illness.  He  then  went 
to  Arkansas,  where  he  rusticated  for  a  while, 
giving  himself  up  entirely  to  outdoor  spwrts, 
fishing  and  hunting,  until  he  thoroughly  re- 
gained his  health.  He  then  again  returned  to 
Wisconsin,  and  pi.'cticed  in  Maiden  Rock  until 
November  7,  1891,  when  he  removed  to  I'ort- 
land.  He  at  once  secured  a  satisfactory  prac- 
tice, which  has  since  steadily  grown,  until  he 
now  has  the  bulk  of  the  most  difficult  eases,  not 
only  in  the  metropolis,  but  also  in'  the  surround- 
ing country. 

In  the  fall  of  1871  he  was  married,  to  Miss 
Hannah  Wood.  They  had  three  children,  of 
whom  their  daughter,  Jennie,  is  the  only  sur- 
vivor. Their  happy  married  life,  however,  was 
destined  to  bo  of  short  duration,  for,  in  1879,  the 
faithful  wife  and  devoted  mother  died.  She 
was  a  woman  of  rare  intelligence  and  extreme 
amiability,  and  possessed  n)any  charms  of  per- 
son and  manner,  and  was  endeared  to  all  who 
knew   her,   by  whom  she  was  greatly  lamented. 

Ten  years  later,  in  1889,  the  Doctor  married 
Mrs.  Bell  Goucher,  an  estimable  lady,  the  widow 
of  Mr.  Sidney  Goucher,  and  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Morris  Dunham,  the  latter  of  whom  is  a  de- 
scendaiit  of  an  old  and  highly  respected  English 
family.  By  this  marriage  there  is  one  daughter, 
named  Coral. 

Socially,  the  Doctor  has  been  a  prominent 
member  of  several  societies,  principally  among 
which  are  the  Rock  River  Medical  Society  and 
the  State  Medical  Society  of  Wisconsin.      lie  is 


nitiumy  of  onhaoN. 


SOS 


also  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  as  well  kb  of 
the  Forestry,  and  Red  Men,  mid  Modern  Wood- 
men of  America.  Politically,  he  is  a  Uejmhli- 
can,  i)iit  is  only  interested  in  politics  so  far  as 
desiring  the  election  of  lionorHhIu  men  to  otHce, 
and  ardently  wishing  the  welfare  of  his  coun- 
try. 

Thus  is  briefly  stated  the  most  prominent 
facts  of  ati  eminently  complete  and  Imsy  life, 
whose  greatest  pleiisiiro  has  been  the  alleviation 
of  Imman  siitt'ering,  and  the  healing  and  uplift- 
ing of  his  fellow-men. 


[ILLIAM  THOMAS  WIirrJ.OCK,  the 

able  and  popular  Recorder  of  Clackamas 
county,  has  the  distinction  of  being  the 
tirst  white  child  born  in  British  Columbia,  his 
birth  occuring  on  Vancouver  island,  .[uly  21, 
1849.  His  parents,  William  and  Honor  (ilarks) 
Wliitlock,  were  natives  of  London,  Englantl,  and 
honored  pioneers  of  Oregon  City.  (^See  history 
of  his  father  and  the  family  in  this  book.) 

When  not  a  year  old  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Oregon  City,  in  December,  1849,  to- 
ward which  city  lie  has  ever  felt  the  most  ardent 
affection,  fully  equal  to  that  indulged  in  by  her 
niitive  SOILS.  He  was  tlie  elder  of  two  sons,  and 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Oregon  City,  af- 
terward attending  the  Forest  (xiove  University. 

After  acquiring  his  education,  he  engaged  in 
school  teaching,  and  for  a  few  years  was  a  suc- 
cessful teacher  in  Oswego,  Violaand  other  places. 
He  then  received  the  appointment  of  Deputy 
County  Clerk,  under  Mr.  J.  M.  Frazer,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  with  efficiency.  In  188t)  he 
was  nominated  and  elected  County  Clerk,  in 
which  position  he  served  for  a  couple  of  years, 
rendering  such  general  satisfaction  that,  in  1888, 
he  was  again  elected  to  succeed  himself.  He 
was  also  elected  a  member  of  the  City  Council 
and  Mayor  of  the  city,  in  which  latter  capacity 
he  served  for  one  term. 


In  1890  he  was  elected  County  Recorder,  in 
which  otiice  he  is  now  serving.  He  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  Fire  Department,  of  which 
he  served  as  Chief  for  one  term. 

He  has  invested  considerably  in  city  and  rural 
property,  and  has  erected  a  large  and  substantial 
city  residence,  in  a  desirable  location,  which  is 
surrounded  with  attractive  grounds,  the  whole 
suggesting  comfort  and  refinement. 

In  July,  1876,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Anna 


Henrietta  Miller,  an  intelligent  and  amiable 
lady,  and  a  native  of  Iowa  t!ity.  Shi;  is  a  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  .John  Miller,  a  highly  respected  resi- 
dent of  Oregon,  the  family  being  of  German 
ancestry. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wliitlock  have  two  children, 
both  born  in  Oregon  City,  a  son  and  daughter, 
Edward  R.  and  Grace  Anna,  both  intelligent  and 
active,  and  reflecting  credit  on  the  city  and  State 
of  their  nativity. 

Mr.  Wliitlock  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  is 
Past  Noble  Grand  anil  Past  Chief  Patriarch  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  I'ast  Master  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.,  and  has  held  a  number  of  other  offices. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  I'ythias. 
He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his 
country  and  State,  and  in  everything  that  per- 
tains to  the  well  being  of  his  city.  He  is  also 
an  energetic  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 

In  18(57  he  made  a  tour  to  England,  visiting 
London  and  the  birthplact'  of  his  parents.  His 
honored  mother  resides  in  a  pleasant  liouie  of 
her  own  in  Oregon  C'ity. 

[lonest  and  capable  and  possessed  of  great 
energy,  he  has  been  eminently  successful  in  life 
and  is  deserving  of  the  universal  esteem  in  which 
he  is  held  by  his  fellow-men. 

fEORGE  W.  McLAUGHLLN,  one  of  Polk 
county's  representative  native  sons  and  one 
of  her  prosperous  farmers,  was  born  June 
28,  1857.  He  is  the  son  of  Robert  McLaughlin, 
a  native  of  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky,  born 
November  23,  1810,  of  Scotch  ancestry.  lie  re- 
moved to  Missouri  in  1835,  and  August  15, 
1839,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Alinerva  (Triffith. 
Soon  after  their  marriage  they  removed  to  Illi- 
nois and  reared  a  family  of  six  chihlreii.  In 
1853,  with  his  wife  and  children,  Mr.  McLaugh- 
lin crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  and  caine  direct 
to  Polk  county,  where  he  took  u|)  a  donation 
claim,  one  mile  north  of  Buena  Vista.  On  this 
land  he  built  a  little  logcabiii  of  the  pioneer  style 
and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  He  was 
successful  and  added  to  his  land  and  gave  each 
of  his  sons  100  acres  of  land,  except  the  youngest, 
on  whom  he  bestowed  220  acres.  He  had  been 
a  Christian  from  the  sixteenth  year  of  his  life, 
was  a  firm  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  an  up'-iglit,  honest  man.  In  his  early  life 
he  had  learned  the  blacksmith  trade,  and  in  ad- 
dition to  his  farming  he  had  the   first   shop  in 


2Ufl 


HISTORY  OF  ojniaoy. 


;-  i 


'  li 


i"  ^ 


liis  HcctioM  of  I'omiti'y,  hdiI  was  larirely  inetrii- 
iiifiital  ill  tlio  (li'velopiiii'iit  iif  tin;  coiiiity.  He 
(lici)  ill  February,  18{tl),  at  the  ripo  old  age  of 
(iii^iity  years,  but  liiis  wile  still  survives  liiiii  iiml 
resides  with  her  daughter,  .Nfrs.  Litherow,  in 
Iiidependeiu'e,  a  nie(^  old  lady  representative  of 
the  pioneer  women  id'  (  h'ci^on. 

Our  subject,  (ieorj^e  W.  McF.unghliii,  was 
the  eldest  sou  bom  in  Oregon,  and  was  followed 
by  two  others,  iiiakiiii;  in  all  a  family  of  ten 
children,  all  of  whom  are  livinj^  and  residing;  in 
Oti'ifon,  with  th(!  exception  of  one,  who  makes 
her  home  in  California.  ()iie  sister  was  born, 
older  than  he.  <  )ur  subject  was  reared  on  the 
farm  on  which  he  was  born,  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools.  In  1S81  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Sophia  Hall,  of  Woodbiirn,  Marion 
county,  who  was  born  March  13.  IS.j'J,  (lauj,'h- 
ter  of  B.  F.  and  Mary  (Johnson)  Hall,  the 
latter  being  a  daiifrliter  of  Neil  .lohiison,  a  Pres- 
byterian minister. 

Mrs.  McLaiii;hliii  is  a  Presbyterian,  while 
Mr.  NEcLangliliii  is  a  Methodist  in  religious 
convictions.  Mr.  Mcliaiighlin  is  socially  con- 
nected with  the  I.  ().  ().  F.,  beitii^  a  member 
of  the  (irand  Lodge.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
politics. 

In  addition  to  his  farming  and  stock- raising 
Mr.  McLaughlin  has  turned  his  attention  to 
hortii'ultiire.  He  is  a  reliable,  intelligent  and 
upright  man,  and  is  a  credit  to  the  county  in 
which  he  was  born  and  now  resides. 

"JATHIASW.  STEWART,  a  well-to-do 
fa.-mer  of  Polk  county,  residing  on  his 
4;!j^?*  tine  ranch  near  ludependence,  was  born 
in  Auburn,  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  August 
2,  1832.  riis  ancestors  were  of  Scotch  birth 
and  emigrated  to  America  before  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  in  which  they  were  participants. 
Mr.  Stewart's  father,  David  C.  Stewart,  was  born 
in  (Ti'anville,  New  York,  and  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth HolTmaii,  a  native  of  his  own  State.  She 
was  of  Holland  ancestry,  who  were  early  settlers 
of  Aubnrn,  New  York.  They  reared  three  sons 
and  a  daughter,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the 
thini  child  and  is  now  the  only  surviving  mem- 
ber of  the  family.  •  Our  subject  and  two  broth- 
ers served  in  the  Union  army,  the  eldest  brother 
being  a  Colonel,  the  younger,  a  Lieutenant.  Both 
died  that  the  Union    miglit   live.     Their  father 


was  in  his  forty-eighth  year,  in  18r)r),  when  he 
died.  His  widow  survived  him  until  her  six- 
tieth year,  when  sliu  joined  him  in  that  land 
where  there  are  no  marriages,  nur  giving  in  mar- 
riage. 

jN[r.  Stewart  was  reareil  and  educated  in  Au- 
burn and  was  a  schoolmate  of  the  great  states- 
man, Roscoe  (Jonkling  and  Lincidn's  renowned 
Secretary  of  State,  William  Seward.  WlieiiMr. 
Stewart  reached  his  twciity-lirst  year  he  started 
in  185!}  from  Auburn  for  Calitoruia, sailing  lioin 
New  York  on  the  Northern  Lijjht,  via  Nica- 
ragua, from  which  plac(r  he  embarked  on  the 
Urother  .loiiathaii  tor  San  Francisco.  After 
arrival  in  California  he  mined  in  Trinity  county, 
at  Weaversville,  until  IStJl,  meeting  with  suc- 
cesses and  reverses  alike,  us  did  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  miners.  What  money  he  discovered 
was  spent  in  prospecting  or  some  other  enter- 
prise that  failed  to  return  any  gains.  In  the 
winter  of  18()1  he  came  overland  to  Oregon. 
This  was  the  year  of  the  great  Hood,  the  jour- 
ney was  therefore  a  ditHcult  and  most  tedious 
one.  He  first  stopped  at  Salem,  then  went  to 
the  mines  in  Idaho,  where  he  met  with  some 
success  and  remained  one  year,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Salem  and  clerko(^l  for  Smith  iV:  Cart- 
wright,  later  they  sold  their  interest  to  R.  M. 
Wade  k.  Co.  and  our  subject  continueil  with 
this  firm  for  five  years. 

In  Xovember.  18()8.  he  married  Mrs.  Eliza- 
beth Cannae,  born  in  Illinois.  January  26, 
188'J.  She  was  the  widow  of  James  Cannae, 
an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1845.  She  had  married 
Mr.  Cannae  in  1853,  and  had  one  son,  Samuel, 
who  II0.V  resides  in  east  Oregon.  Her  father, 
James  Davis,  was  born  in  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
and  started  for  Oregon,  in  1848,  but  before 
leaving  Missouri  sickened  and  died  and  her 
mother,  with  a  family  of  five  children,  came  on 
and  settled  near  Independence,  whore  she  took 
a  donation  claim.  She  married  Mr.  Joseph 
Cannae  and  died  in  1879,  a  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  and  an  amiable  woman, 
one  of  Oregon's  pioneers. 

After  their  marriage,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart 
lived  ill  Salem  a  little  over  a  year,  and  in  1871, 
came  to  her  donation  claim  of  320  acres.  Here 
they  built  a  good  residence  and  have  since  re- 
sided, doing  general  farming,  raising  grain  and 
horses.  He  has  been  thrifty  and  industrious, 
lias  prospered  and  has  purchased  200  acres  of 
adjoining  land  and  has  made  the  place  a  valu- 
able farm.     Mr.  Stewart  is  a  member  of  the  I. 


!  i 


(    ! 


IIISTOHY    Oh'    oltKdo.y. 


81)7 


().  ().  F. ;  ill  politics  in  ii   Dcinocriit  and    n  reli- 

iildo  iiiul  ii|irijiiit   nimi.      liotli   lie  ami   liis  wife 

enjoy    tli»!    ;;()0(l-will    and    estei'in  .)t'  all  with 
whom  they  are  uc(juainti;d. 


-•»« 


♦t- 


tON.  UEOlUiE  ('.  DAY.  of  Wasliinjfton 
comity,  Orci^on,  is  a  pioneer  of  1852,  and 
a  native  of  the  State  of  Indiana,  born  in 
Ohio,  December!*,  1830,  and  removed  to  Indiana 
when  six  montlin  old.  His  father,  John  M. 
Day,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  alth()ni;li  his 
people  had  been  early  settierri  of  Maryland, 
.lotiii  Day  was  reared  in  Ohio,  and  tiiere  inar- 
I'ied  Miss  Ann  Worthin^ton,  a  native  of  Ohio, 
and  they  reared  a  family  of  eleven  children, 
lie  was  an  industrious  farmer,  an  intellii!;ent 
man,  with  broad  and  liberal  views,  while  the 
mother  was  a  devout  Methodist,  and  botii  were 
w<irtliy  jieople.  She  passed  uway  in  her  forty- 
fifth  year  and  he  in  his  sixtieth. 

Our  subject  was  the  sixth  child  in  the  family. 
He  was  reared  in  Fountain  county,  Indiana,  at- 
tended the  public  schools  I'l'i  «  en  m  be.  ame 
of  nge  engafjed  in  farming  for  one  year  in  In- 
diana, but  the  followini;  ear  crossed  t  i-  iiliim- 
with  oxen.  The  bari^ain  he  made  was  to  pay 
$75  for  himself  and  $75  for  another  man  that 
they  miifht  have  the  use  of  the  team  and  wajron 
with  iirovisions.  He  and  his  friend  looked 
upon  the  trip  as  one  of  pleasure,  merely  desir- 
ing to  explore  the  country  and  do  some  hunting, 
not  having  the  least  idea  of  remaining  in  Ore- 
gon. This  was  the  year  that  cholera  made  such 
inroads  upon  the  emigrants  and  the  man  with 
whom  they  started  died  of  it  near  Wood  river, 
Nebraska,  and  the  relatives  went  back  home, 
giving  the  oxen,  wagon  and  ])rovisions  for  the 
money  they  bad  paid,  and  the  rest  of  the  party 
came  on.  They  saw  hardships,  like  other  trav- 
elers, jierliaps  the  most  trouble  coming  from 
the  loss  of  cattle,  as  rt'lien  they  reached  Salmon 
falls,  on  Snake  river,  theyliad  but  two  yoke  left. 
Two  of  the  party  had  mountain  fever  and  Mr. 
Day  gave  a  Mr.  Dove  the  team  upon  his  agree- 
ing to  haul  them  to  the  Dalles,  and  Mr.  Day 
and  a  friend  sailed  down  Snake  river  in  a  boat 
to  old  Fort  Boise  and  crossed  the  mountains  on 
foot.  In  the  Ulue  mountains  he  came  up  with 
a  man  who  had  stock,  and  he  helped  him  with  it 
until  he  reached  the  Dalles,  when  he  purchased 
provisions  sufMcient  to  last  while  traveling  down 


the  trail,  and  a  widow  cooked  them  for  Iiitn  on 
receipt  of  half.  ( >ur  snliject  came  down  tin; 
{'oluniliia  river  ami  when  he  n^ached  the  pro- 
ie(^tini'  rock  he  was  olilii'cd  to  stop,  build  a  tire 
and  lay  down  to  rest  without  blanket  until  niorii- 
ing.  In  the  niornin.;  he  started  to  hunt  the 
trail  and  in  climbing  the  mountain  he  threw 
his  boots  up  before. him  and  then  he  could  not 
climb  up  to  where  they  were,  so  this  left  him 
with  his  inoc<'a8in8  only.  Then  he  returned  to 
his  (Starting  place  ami  waited  for  a  boat.  For- 
tunately, before  long,  tiesse  (!ox  came  down  and 
took  Mr.  Day  in  bis  boat.  .\t  this  time  the 
lattcr's  cash  had  dwindled  down  to  $'2.50,  but 
he  worked  for  Mr.  Cox  until  he  had  earned 
S125.  Then  he  took  passage  on  a  steamboat 
to  Portland  and  worked  a  few  days  there,  sever- 
ing the  timber,  where  the  center  of  the  city 
now  is.  He  then  came  up  the  Willamette  and 
engaged  in  logging  and  school  teaching  during 
the  winter  in  French  I'rairie.  In  the  spring ot' 
1854  be  went  to  the  mines  in  southern  Oregon 
and  engaged  in  gold  digging  and  remained 
there  during  the  Rogue  river  war,  being,  during 
that  time,  in  the  emjiloy  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department.  After  this  be  came  down  to  Ore- 
gon City  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the  old 
Hosier  steamboat  which  sailed  between  Oregon 
City  and  Dayton  one  year  under  his  and  his 
partner's  management. 

Mr.  Day  was  married  February  6,  1850,  to 
Miss  Sarali  .lane  Painter,  a  native  ot  Missouri, 
daughter  of  Judge  Painter  of  that  State.  After 
this  marriage  he  purchased  320  acres  of  land 
where  he  now  resides,  two  and  one-half  miles 
south  of  Tualatin.  Here  lie  has  since  resided 
and  prospered,  and  where  he  now  has  a  valuable 
farm,  a  good  residence  and  every  appearance 
of  comfort  anniml  him.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day 
have  had  a  family  of  fifteen  children,  as  follows: 
William  R.,  residing  in  Tualatin;  ('harles  also 
resides  in  this  place;  .Maggie,  married  to  Mar- 
cus L.  Barstow,  residing  in  Walla  Walla;  Jessie, 
residing  in  Walla  Walla;  Joseph,  residing  in 
Whitman  county;  and  the  following  are  at 
home,  (reorge,  Robert,  Annie,  Grace,  Josephine, 
tfohn,  Benjamin,  Chester,  Walter  and   Francis. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  party  Mr.  Day 
has  been  a  reliable  Republican,  and  in  18f)6  he 
was  elected  by  his  fellow-citizens  as  their  repre- 
sentative in  State  Legislature,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  them  faithfully.  Since  that  time  he 
has  held  the  ofMce  of  Justice  of  the  Peace,  in 
which  position  he  dispenses  justice  every  day, 


nisroiir  of  ohkiios. 


\ih 


ami  8o  jiiDt  Imvu  heuii  Iii'h  dccMHJntis  that  notio 
of  tliiMii  Imvf  (ivi'r  liccii  rcvcivcd  liy  flii^  liij^lur 
ciiiirt,  tliiiH  proviiii;  him  t(i  lie  ii  iiiun  of  cxci'l- 
leiit  ju(l)i{iiu»iit  mill  ()ti;r(«ut  ruliiiliility.  lie  I1118 
buen  |)r<iiniiit*nl  in  tlio  (iniii^f  iiml  liiis  liuM  nil 
tilt*  ieiulini^  (>lK(!fH  in  it.  Ih;  itiul  liir*  ^(xiij  wil'ti 
urc  iilK'i'al  in  their  rt'lif^imis  vIcwh  iiikI  aio  pi-o- 
])!(■  whi)  lire  well  thiin>;lit  of  in  the  ('(Mint}'  in 
wiiicli  lln'v  hiivc  rcsidfd  so  hm^. 

When  onr  snl>ji"(;t  was  in  honthci'ii  Oi'i-gon 
lie  was  a  nicniliLM' of  a  ciiniiany  of  niinci'H  or- 
jrnnizeil  to  tij^ht  tin;  Indians  in  nfif|>ri/tei'ti(iri, 
Htanding  irnard  many  a  nijrlit  and  IiIh  company 
alliiwcd  no  IndianHdii  AitiiDnse  creek.  While 
he  lived  in  .losepliineennnty,  at  an  early  day,  he 
was  a  candidate  for  Schiml  Siiiierintendent  ami 
tatiffht  the  first  school  in  tiie  county  at  l''ort 
l>rif.'gs.  The  school  was  held  in  a  log  house, 
which  had  a  dirt  tloor  and  watt  loi'ated  inside 
the  i)alisades  of  the  fort.  There  was  a  little 
tower  on  each  corner  of  the  palisades  and  ninny 
a  night  oiir  subject  has  spent  on  fjnard  in  one 
of  these  towers.  For  tlii^  'inih'ini;  of  the  pal- 
isades the  settlers  whiji-sawed  and  split  pnnch- 
eons,  for  the  lumber  and  the  picki^ts  which 
formed  it  were  sixteen  feet  hii;h.  Many  were 
the  exptiriences  of  those  early  days  which  he 
and  his  good  wife  tell  in  a  very  intorestinf; 
manner.  They  bid  fair  to  live  long  to  enjoy 
tlieir  present  peace  and  comfort. 

iNDUKW  .1.  MAIISIIALL,  (me  of  Port- 
land's most  valued  citizens,  is  a  (Julifornia 
pioneer  of  1849,  since  which  time  he  has 
witnessed,  with  intercft,  the  j^radnal  nnfoldiiii;  of 
commerce  on  the  coast,  which  has  brought  to 
its  shores  trreat  prosperity  and  wealth,  lie  was 
born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  February  11, 
1^32. 

His  lather,  William  Marshall,  was  also  born 
in  l^altinioie,  and  was  of  Scotch  ancestry,  who 
settled  in  the  colony  of  Maryland  in  its  early 
history.  Members  of  the  family  figured  prom- 
nently  in  the  affairs  of  the  State  and  country, 
among  whom  was  the  Hon.  .lohn  Marshall, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  who  is  a 
great-uncle  of  our  present  subject. 

William  Marshall,  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  married  Miss  Margaret  L.  Mane- 
gere,  of  French  ancestry,  they  having  been 
early   settlers  of  Canada.     They  have  five  chil- 


dren, three  now  living,  of  which  our  Kuhjout  was 

the  third. 

Andrew  .1.  .Mar-hall  was  raised  and  educated 
in  Lexington,  Kentucky,  until  he  attaiiUHJ  the 
age  of  sixteen  years.  In  IHtH,  we  lind  him  set- 
ting sail  for  China,  an  expedition  peculiarly 
eniduintiri;;  to  an  adventurous  lioy.  particularly 
an  American  one.  Hearing,  however,  <d'  the 
gold  discoveries  in  Calit'ornia,  the  reports  of 
wl|i(di  lost  nothing  l)y  traveling,  the  destination 
was  changed  to  thai  of  the  (iolden  State,  where, 
in  IS'ID,  \v(!  find  him  busily  working  in  the 
placer  mines  at  Mokelumne  Hill.  Tliencu  ho 
went  to  Downieville,  and  also  to  the  Vuba  and 
Feather  rivers.  He  met  with  encouraging  suc- 
cess. • 

Later,  he  turned  his  attentioti  to  merchandising 
and  for  a  time  conducted  a  store  at  I'ine  (irove, 
anil  another  at  St.  Louis,  and  was,  nnfortumttely, 
burned  out  at  both  places,  thus  losing  nearly  all 
he  had  so  laboriously  accumulated. 

He  then  returned  tor  a  tinu<  to  mining,  with 
o(ieratioiis  at  Vreka.  but  later  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Adams  Kxpress  Company  as  mes- 
senger. 

In  1850  we  find  him  in  i'ortland  tor  the  first 
time.  He  engaged  in  the  manul'iu'ture  of  car- 
I'iages  and  wagons  at  French  I'l  airie,  ( )regon  ( ,'ity, 
and  later  in  I'ortland.  Since  fiecotning  a  citi- 
zen of  the  metropolis  lit*  has  tilled  many  posi- 
tions of  honor  and  trust,  in  the  di.  'diaige  of  all 
the  duties  of  which  he  hasdistini.ni!.!. 'd  himself 
for  ability  and  integrity.  He  •-e.t.ed  for  a 
couple  of  years  as  Street  Coininio.iop  jr,  making 
a  satisfactory  record.  In  .Inly,  H74,  he  was 
appointed  Deputy  County  Clark,  rendering  in 
that  capacity  valuable  service  to  Multnonah 
county  for  a  number  of  years,  which  services 
were  greatly  appreciated. 

In  1S5!I  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  K. 
Choate,  an  estimable  la<!y,  and  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, a  daughter  of  Mr.  .lesse  L.  Choate,  a  well 
and  favorably  known  pioneer  of  the  Pacific 
coast.  They  have  five  children  living,  all  born 
in  Oregon:  Richard  II.,  John  W.,  Inez  N., 
Joseph  E.  and  (irace  G.  The  two  eldest  sons 
are  worthy  business  men  of  Portland. 

In  fraternal  matters,  Mr.  Marshall  has  taken 
a  prominent  part.  He  has  attained,  as  an  Odd 
Fellow,  to  the  degree  of  Past  Crand  Master  of 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State,  and  is  Past 
Grand  Patriarch  of  the  (Trand  Encampment, 
his  name  being  preserved  in  the  annals  of  the 
order  as  being  the  first  in  the  State  to  iiold  that 


nisToity  "/■'  oiiKiiDN. 


21)9 


m 


liif^li  poHitioM.  In  tlic  MiiHdiiic  Drdcr,  lie  is 
I'li.-t  MdrttiM'  dl'  Iliiriridiiy  Lmlgc,  jNd,  Vi,  and 
WHS  tor  Hcvt'i'iil  ycar'H  \\w  ctlicitMit  (tccrrtiiry  of 
that  Idd^o,  ill*  luiH  hIho  tliu  honor  <d'  having 
olitaiiiL'd  till!  ('.Iiarter,  and  of  Imiiij;  a  cliai'tcr 
iiii'iiilici'  of  the  tii'Ht  lodjje  of  the  Ancient  Order 
of  (Initt'd  Workmen  ever  formed  in  the  State, 
ealh'd  Hope  l.odffe,  No.  I,  of  wiiieh  he  .vaH  tiie 
tirnt  person  to  hohl  tlie  otliee  of  I'ast  Mauler. 
He  hax  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  latter  order, 
wliieli  is  truly  htMieticeiit,  and  has  devoted  iiincli 
time  )'.;iil  valiiahle  aid  to  its  welfare.  Such  hae 
been  his  relation  to  the  societ  i  <■  jat  he  has  rightly 
heeii  called  the  father  of  the  order  in  Oregon. 

Politically,  ^[r  Marshall  liiis  always  lieen  a 
Btaiich  Uepulilican,  and  takes  a  cominendahle 
interest  in  all  the  affairs  of  the  State  and  coun- 
try. 

Forty-tliroo  years  iiave  i)assed  since  he 
8tep|)ed  ashore  on  the  shining  sands  of  the  I'a 
citic  coast.  Since  then  wiiat  marvelous  changes 
have  taken  place,  especially  in  the  metropolis  of 
Oregon.  At  that  time,  scarcely  reclaimed  from 
the  primeval  forest,  its  Hiirroiindings  were  for 
the  iiiosr  part  given  up  to  solitude.  An  occa- 
sional Indian  glided  down  the  heantifiil  btreams 
for  wliicli  tli(!  Stale  is  faieous,  the  onl}'  sound 
heing  that  made  by  his  jiaddle,  as  lie  guided  his 
tiny  craft.  Now  huge  manufactories  and  noisy 
marts  of  trade  contribute  to  the  general  linhbub, 
while  the  utmost  depths  of  the  crystal  streams 
are  stirred  by  those  colossal  steamers,  which 
plow  their  surfaces,  transporting  hundreds  of 
persons,  on  business  or  on  [ileasnre  bent. 

It  is  hut  natural  that  he  should  have  grown 
to  love  the  place  which  has  been  for  so  many 
years  his  home,  and  where  his  upright  ciiarac- 
ter,  energetic  disposition  and  coiirteoiiH  manner 
have  gained  for  him  the  universal  esteem  of  his 
fellow-men. 


I-^J^VES*,-- 


■'-frlC4 


fOIlN  IIEISLER,  one  of  the  most  enter- 
prising farmers  of  Washington  county,  was 
.,;,  born  in  the  Stale  of  Pennsylvania  in  1840. 
His  father,  John  Ileisler,  was  born  in  Alsace, 
Germany,  and  married  Mies  Mary  Ann  Munch, 
a  native  of  his  own  country.  They  came  to  the 
United  States  to  inake  tlieir  own  way  in  the 
world,  settled  in  Pennsylvania  and  here  his  five 
children  were  reared,  and  all  are  still  living. 
The    parents    became    thrifty    and    well-to-do 


year 


(irmers  and  the  father  died   in  his  fiftieth 
and  the  mother  in  her  (iffy  fourth  year. 

<  >ur  •'iilijeet  was  the  second  child  in  the  fi.iiiily, 
and  was  reared  in  his  nalive  State.  lie  had  few 
o|iportunitieH  for  education,  and  can  he  truth- 
fully called  a  self-made  man.  When  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  came  to  California  and  engaged 
in  work  in  the  New  Almaihtn  (|uicksilver  mine 
and  Worked  for  this  company  for  six  years  with- 
out losing  a  day's  time.  At  first  he  received 
'!<'i  per  ihiy,  and  soon  was  advanceil  to  N3  a  day. 
lie  was  a  great  lover  of  horses,  and  he  was  per- 
mitted to  drive  the  great  four  and  si.v  horsii 
teams.  At  this  business  he  became  exceedingly 
expert  and  delighted  in  the  handling  ol  tlu' 
noble  brutes  and  from  this  very  love  came  the 
power  ov(>r  them,  which  Mr.  Ileisler  possesses 
in  a  wonderful  degree. 

Ill  ISTOour  subject  came  with  his  savings  to 
Oregon  and  purchased  194  acres  of  land,  nine 
and  one-half  miles  northwest  of  Forest  (irove. 
lie  married  Miss  Jose}iliine  liaiiylee,  a  native  of 
(Jiiliforiiia  and  the  marriage  was  cehdirated 
December  11,  1870.  They  lived  on  their  j)lace 
until  October.  1871,  and  then  they  returned  to 
(.'alifornia,  and  he  worked  in  the  mines  for  four 
years  more  and  made  enough  money  to  buy  lt)4 
acres  mom  of  land  adjoining  his  first  |)urcha8e, 
and  in  1.S75  he  returned  to  his  farm  and  l)cgan 
its  improvement  in  earnest.  He  has  since  made 
of  it  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  county,  indeed, 
making  the  wilderness  blossom  like  the  rose. 
He  has  added  lOo  more  acres,  and  now  owns 
4<);J  acres,  and  has  cleared  170  ac.-es  more  than 
was  cleared  when  he  came  here,  and  has  built  a 
tine  farm  residence  with  a  fine  sjiiing  house 
back  of  it  and  with  a  beautiful  view  of  the  valley 
before  it.  He  has  built  one  of  the  finest  barns 
in  the  neighborhood,  40  x  fiO  feet,  the  basement 
lieiiig  arranged  for  sheep,  the  next  floor  for 
horses  and  cattle  and  the  third  for  hay  and  grsin, 
the  upper  story  being  for  carriages  and  imple- 
ments, lie  drives  into  the  upper  story,  and  all 
the  hay  and  grain  are  sent  down  instead  of  up. 
His  stables  are  ])articnlarly  well  arranged  for 
stock  and  for  convenience  in  feeding.  This 
barn  Mr.  Heisler  planned  himself,  and  it  is  in- 
deed something  to  oe  proud  of,  showing  that  Mr. 
Ileisler  has  the  eye  of  an  architect. 

Mrs.  Ileisler  died  in  1870,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren: Josephine  N.,  now  a  young  lady;  and  Alpha, 
a  capable  lad  of  sixteen  years.  In  1879  our  sub- 
ject married  Miss  Emma  A.  Pointer,  a  native 
of  Iowa,  and  the  daughter  of  Vincent  Pointer, 


:  -«ft*f  -:--,S*B:SS^*! 


17^-^' 


■'?f}OM. 


SOI 


uti'tiaitt     ■ 

'f    tllf     h'Mlii. 
T  ViOtict'  VVi 
.     .lit  of    N<:>v 
■    r.    he    WHS    '1. 
,  -n  the  Isle  of  ' 
vim    to   P^viil 
')..d   .11  1841 
.^'iied  t'roi: 
•  1    Imff  N .. 


■I.!.'  i»  furm  near  St    H*  Iih-.>,  \»iwrr  . 


1J 


uim 

on   Ohrt- 

;• 

Viw) 

liivj/toiij. 

'* 

•  ■; 

.  f  .' . 

lit  r,f  the 

.*.i' 

.!M. 

..,}•,:• 

linlmnH 

^» 

iiwt'd  thf 

Beft 

lit!  «i;  .-if' 

<<  ngain 

lilt 

h 

until  ISSN 

V      :    . 

1  ■■. 

fiM'il 

to 

!n    l»i6^| 
ill    i<Ju  ' 

(■-"■^ 

'ffi 

the  nf* 
*»»    rt:! 

M  LUEN  POPE,  «;id«tt  *.■•-■  erf-  04pte,n 

'^'t')  fop.'.  ve»«  httra  in  Fi»iri»)<vdw,  Sttw**- 

■'     (iiH,  Mi»r«h.  1S37,  until   bfl^an  to  fii>} 

'.  niit'ti   fonrttion   yj-t^rt  of   »|f»'.      fn 

'    : '     witli   Ins  yonnp^fcc  l)Wtt)*.|\ 

•ii  tiwf  fatiior  in  Oi* 

•     May.  lSr)4. 


■  '70  returned  to  Pen  (Ic-Oricllo 

'    manager  of  the   steam  bout 

hich  time  he  ran  the  steamers 

let  over  Heron's  rapids,  and 

fion  to  the  lake  helow,  a  very 

ing,  hut  siieeessfiilly  aeconi- 

le  retnriieil  to  Porilaiui,  and 

employed   in    Wells,  Fargo 

as  also  Secretary  of  the    Ma- 

ociation,  and  from   1875  to 

maiiajj;er  of  a   mutual    life 

latter  year  he  assumed  the 

teltiplione  business,  erecting 

.  ,  3iieral  system. 

caused  him  to  reljn(iuisli 
ear.s  he  was  with  the  old 
en  was  one  year  in  the 
cf  minins' locations,  and  the 
ashier  ami  assistant  8e('re- 
intiiiental     Street    Railway 

V,.  ts.jMi  •,>  i;  fif.i  ninent  member  of  the  Ma- 
ze f;n!v"'!iity,  beiiig  one  of  the  tew  who  have 
::itH(intid  tlie  thirty  third  degree  of  the  Scottish 
Tlhe  for  the  .Soutlurn  .Turisdiction.  He  has 
t|(it  'inly  received  hut  has  also  conferred  all  the 
d«grtiiMS  ill  the  York  rite,  heitig  I'ast  Eminent 
UoiBn>»?n)erot'the  Knights  Templar,  Past  Grand 
High  Priest,  and  at  present  i^  Master  of  Port- 
land r.<)iig«'.  !^o.  5.5,  A.  F.  >fe  A.  M.  lie  is  also 
A  tiit-KiN'f  of  the  Oivgon  Pioneer  Society. 

It!  jK)litic8  he  has  generally  allied  himself 
with  !»i«'  f)eniocratlc  party,  hut  is  liiieral  and 
itJiJci indent  in  kis  views.  He  has  thus  seen 
'Ait  grnwtU  and  devel -pment  of  Oregon  and  the 
rt.jravwe«t«K>aHt,and  i-  well  informed  on  General 
t<>j>iu«. 

TE  GROVER— Thehis. 

>r  the  first  half  century  is 

?      'Cr  of  interest,  no  small 

Ts  a!)out  a  comparatively 

izeiis,  whose  individimlity 

■     '        ,    either  in  pulilic  life  or 

trodden   by   the    priv.ate 

:>■■  in  a  country  undergoing 

i'-iiiDn  from  a  wilderness  to  a 

>(i.  aii'i  the  men    who    lead  in 

hill-  must  he  regarded  hy  the 

'.•    •Miif,  ii-.'s  of  the  province.  State 

■•  ih'i  I'An   may  he,  and  hence  an  in- 

'U  ijf  ite  Ir-tory. 


■<^n,wi^vLi« 


I 


i:      '      I 


i 


/'T^^ 


HTSTORT    OF    ORBOON. 


:)0i 


m 


and  liis  desceiidanta  took  an  active  part  in  the 
affairs  of  tlie  couiitry.  Tlie  grandfather  of  Cap- 
tain Seth  Pope  was  a  member  of  tiie  (ilenorai 
('oiirt  (Lei^isiatiirej,  serving  till  1792.  His 
fatlier  was  a  Lienteiiant  in  tlie  colonial  service, 
heinu;  present  at  the  battle  of  JJunker  Hill. 
The  subject  of  our  notice  was  for  many  years  a 
eea  (iaptain,  sailinj^  ont  of  New  York  and  New 
Bedford.  In  1836  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  Ilenwood,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Enj^land, 
who  came  with  him  to  Fairhaven,  Massaclin- 
eetts,  where  she  died  in  1841.  .Tannary,  1850, 
Captain  Seth  Pope  sailed  from  New  Hudford  for 
Sa'i  P'rancisco,  in  the  brig  Nonpareil,  of  which 
lie  was  owner  and  master,  arriving  out  in  Jnne 
of  same  year.  In  October,  1850,  he  arrived 
with  his  vessel  in  the  Colnmbia  river;  and  set- 
tling at  St.  Helen's,  Columbia  county,  Oregon, 
erected  the  first  frame  house  there  and  engaged 
in  merchandising,  his  two  sons  arriving  in  May, 
1854.  He  was  the  first  Postmaster,  atid  taking 
an  active  part  in  county  affairs,  was  elected 
several  years  as  County  Treasurer,  and  served 
twelve  years  as  County  and  Probate  Judge. 
He  also  owned  a  farm  near  St.  Helen's,  where 
)ie  resided  till  1881,  when  he  removed  to  Port- 
land, to  be  near  his  eldest  son,  where  he  died  in 
l&8f  ,  id  his  eighty-third  year. 

"U:'!'  LUP:N  ?0PE,  eldest  son  of  Captain 
gji;'!  !■*.  Ih  iL'ope,  was  born  in  Fairhaven,  Massa- 
u'luseffs,  March.  1837,  and  began  to  fol- 
low thi,  „;A  when  fourteen  years  of  age.  In 
December,  1853.  he,  with  his  younger  i)rotlier, 
sailed  from  Boston  to  join  their  father  in  Ore- 
gon, and  arrived  at  St.  Helen's  in  May,  1854. 
The  following  year  he  took  up  a  claim  on  Clia- 
lacha  prairie  (now  Clark  county.  Washington), 
where  he  remained  till  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Indian  war  of  that  year,  when,  the  Indians 
having  destroyed  all  his  improvements,  he  again 
follciwcd  the  sea  as  an  officer  of  the  bark  Desde- 
liiona.  until  1858.  Meeting  with  an  acci<lent, 
'':>  '.'tui'iird  to  his  father's  farm,  and  remained 
'  l?<i)2,  ^hen  he  went  to  the  Dalles,  Wasco 
county,  Oregon,  and  was  employed  in  a  sash 
and  <loor  manufactory,  [n  1860  he  went  to 
Pen-de-Orielle  lake  (now  in  Idaho),  where  he 
assisted  in  opening  up  the  new  route  to  the 
mines  in  Montana,  and  was  running  (ui  the 
teatner  there  two  years.  In  1868  ho  remained 
t  the  DalleB  as  agent  and  secretary  of  a  woolen 

19 


mill,  but  in  186y-'70  returned  to  Pen  de-Orielle 
lake  as  agent  and  manager  of  the  .steamboat 
company,  <liiring  which  time  he  ran  the  steamers 
Missoula  and  Cabinet  over  lloron's  rapids,  and 
through  (!abinet  cafion  to  the  lake  below,  a  very 
dangerous  undertaking,  but  successfully  accom- 
plished. In  1870  he  returned  to  Portland,  and 
for  a  few  years  was  employed  in  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co.'s  E.xpress;  was  also  Secretary  of  the  Ma- 
sonic Building  Association,  and  from  1875  to 
1880  was  agent  and  manager  of  a  mutual  life 
association.  In  the  latter  year  he  assumed  the 
management  of  the  telephone  business,  erecting 
the  first  plant  and  general  system. 

In  1883  ill  health  caused  him  to  reljnquish 
this,  and  for  four  years  he  was  with  the  old 
water  company;  then  was  one  year  in  the 
mountains,  examining  mining  locations,  and  the 
following  year  was  cashier  and  assistant  seitre- 
tary  of  the  Transcontinental  Street  Railway 
Comjiany. 

Mr.  Pope  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  being  one  of  the  few  who  have 
attained  the  thirty-third  degree  of  the  Scottish 
Rite  for  the  Southern  Jurisdiction.  He  has 
not  only  received  hut  has  also  conferred  all  the 
degrees  in  the  York  rite,  being  Past  Eminent 
Commander  of  the  Knights  Templar.  Past  Grand 
High  Priest,  and  at  present  is  Master  of  Port- 
land Lodge,  No.  55.  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Oregon  Pioneer  Society. 

In  politics  he  has  generally  allied  himself 
with  the  Democratic  party,  but  is  liberal  and 
independent  in  kis  views.  He  has  thus  seen 
the  growth  and  development  of  Oregon  and  the 
northwest  coast,  and  is  well  informed  on  general 
topics. 


iON.  LA  FAYETTE  GROVEll.— The  his- 
tory  of  Oregon  for  the  first  half  century  is 
replete  with  matter  of  interest,  no  small 
portion  of  which  centers  about  a  comparatively 
small  number  of  her  citizens,  whose  individuality 
compelled  recognition,  either  in  pulilic  life  or 
in  the  various  avenues  trodden  by  the  private 
citizen.  So  it  always  is  in  a  country  undergoing 
the  process  of  transitidn  from  a  wilderness  ti)  a 
state  of  civilization,  and  the  men  who  lead  in 
affairs  at  such  a  time  must  be  regarded  by  the 
historian  as  the  founders  of  the  province.  State 
or  nation,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  hence  an  in- 
tegral portion  of  its  history. 


ii02 


HISTORY    OF    OREOON. 


The  iiiiiiK'  wliicli  lieads  tiiis  articUi  is  that  of 
one  will)  fame  to  this  S:iite  a  young  inaii,  but 
little  known,  whot-e  natural  (jiialitifs  yet  broui^ht 
him  soon  into  (•(Jtitact  witli  tiie  tnovitio  elements; 
bis  ailvaneement  thronjfh  a  succession  of  ottieial 
trn>-t.s,  well  e.xeented,  was  fittingly  crowned  by 
his  ciioice  l)y  the  citizens  of  tiie  State  as  their 
Chief  Kxeciitive.  and  finally  as  the  representa- 
tive of  the  coiiDnonwealth  of  Oregon  in  the 
national  Senate  -the  highest  honors  within  the 
gift  ot' the  people.  A  much  more  than  passing 
mention  of  him,  embracing  an  outline  sketch  of 
his  career,  as  well  as  something  of  his  antece- 
dents, becomes  therefore  a  valuable  and  indeed, 
essential  portion  of  this  work,  devoted  as  it  is 
to  the  history  of  the  State  in  its  various 
phases. 

La  Fayette  C4rover  was  born  in  Hetliel,  O.xford 
county.  Main'-,  on  the '2'Jth  of  November,  1823. 
Tlie  (^r'  .er  family,  as  well  as  being  among  the 
oldest  in  this  country,  is  of  the  eirliest  English 
origin,  being  clearly  traceal)le,  by  records  of 
deeds  and  wills,  as  far  bauk  as  such  records  ex- 
tend. The  (Jrovers  were  a  ''landed  family," 
botli  in  Klngland  and  America,  and  distinguished 
in  military  and  professional  life.  The  name  is 
recognized  in  works  on  English  heraldry  as  en- 
titled to  liear  several  coats  of  arms. 

The  progenitors  of  the  family  in  this  country, 
Thomas  and  Eliza  Grover,  came  from  England 
to  Massachusetts  bay  with  Governor  Winthrop's 
colony  in  1030.  They  settled  in  that  ])ortion  of 
Charlestown,  which  is  now  Maiden,  and  were 
n;eml)ers  of  the  first  church  organization  of  that 
town.  Tlionnis,  Andrew  and  Ephraim  Grover, 
three  grandsons  of  these  first  American  settlers, 
removed  to  Taunton  North  Purchase,  Massachu- 
setts, in  1702.  and  l)onght  wild  lands  there,  and 
made  new  homes,  about  twenty-five  miles  from 
I'oston.  The  original  surveys  of  these  lands 
were  made  by  Captain  Miles  Standish.  and  he 
was  one  of  the  original  proprietors.  The  '•  North 
I'urcliaee'"  was  soon  afterward  organized  into 
the  town  I'f  Norton,  and  a  church  was  there  es- 
tablislu<l.  of  which  tlie  drrovers  were  members 
in  the  original  organization  The  Church  of 
the  North  Precinct  of  Norton  was  soon  estal)- 
lished,  with  l^|)hraim  (irover  as  one  of  the  Dea- 
cons. This  precinct  was  afterward  organized 
into  the  ])resent  town  of  ilansfield. 

These  Grovers  (says  the  history  of  Norton) 
"  bought  lands  in  company.  November  14,  1702, 
and  built  their  houses  forty  or  fifty  rods  apart, 
forming  a  sort  of  equilateral  triangle.''  This  was 


I  evidently  for  mutual  protection  against  Indians, 
.who  still  occasionally  appeared  in  marauding 
1  bands  among  exjiosed  settlements  of  ihe  Etiglish. 
They  took  part  in  the  management  of  town 
affairs  in  Is'orton  and  Mansfield,  hecoi;iing 
"  selectmen,"  wardens,  and  tilling  other  offices  of 
trust  ".I  d  were  ])rominent  in  the  church.  James 
Grov  ■  '  •:■•  Ison  of  Andrew,  removed  to  Ox- 
ford Coll  'aine,  with  five  sons  and  tiiree 
daughters,  '.781.  They  bought  extensive 
tracts  of  la.j.i  on  the  Androscoggin  river,  in 
what  is  now  the  town  of  Pethel.  These  lands 
extended  from  the  river  south,  over  a  broad 
reach  of  uplands,  which  then  became  known  as 
"  Grover  Hill,"  and  still  bears  that  name.  James 
Grover  joined  in  organizing  the  first  church  in 
Hetliel,  and  became  the  Senior  Deacon.  During 
the  Uevoliitiomiry  war  he  sent  t'.de  sons  into 
the  service,  all  under  .ige  at  the  time  of  enlist- 
ment, while  he  engaged  himself  in  furnishing 
sui)plies  to  the  army. 

John  Grover,  the  second  son  of  Deacon  James 
Grover,  was  a  practical  surveyor,  and  aided  the 
proprietors  in  laying  out  the  town  into  lots  or 
tracts  for  sale  to  settlers,  and  after  developing  a 
large  farm  on  "(irover  Hill"  invested  exten- 
sively in  timber  lands  covered  with  the  finest  of 
pine  forests,  and  engaged  largely  in  the  lumber 
business.  Of  him,  Lapham's  History  of  Bethel, 
speaking  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  town,  says: 
"  He  had  bravely  served  in  the  war  for  inde- 
pendence; he  wiw  a  stalwart  man  in  his  make- 
up, and  as  brave  as  he  was  strong."  He  was 
but  eighteen  years  of  age  at  the  opening  of  the 
lievoliitionary  struggle,  and  was  one  of  the 
"  minute  men"  who  pursiu'd  the  retreat  of  the 
British  troops  from  Lexington  to  Boston;  was 
at  the  battle  of  iiunker  Hill  and  at  Dorchester 
Heights,  and  served  two  years  in  the  (Continental 
army. 

John  (irover,  the  eldest  son  of  the  foregoing, 
who  became  one  of  tlie  most  distinguished 
physicians,  surgeons  and  scholars  of  Maine,  was 
born  in  Bethel,  November  22,  1783.  He  was 
reared  on  the  farm  and  aide<i  his  father  in  the 
lumber  business,  but  early  turned  his  attention 
to  aci|uiring  an  education.  The  beginning  of 
the  war  of  1812  found  him  a  medical  student, 
and  lie  immediately  enlisted  as  Hospital  Steward 
at  Portland,  but  such  was  his  proficiency  and 
skill  in  surgery  that  he  was  shortly  assigned  to 
Surgeon's  duty  and  attained  great  and  successful 
ex])erience  as  an  operating  Surgeon.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  spent  one  year  in  Boston  as 


* 


i 


nr STORY    OF    OREGON. 


808 


the  pupil  of  the  celehrated  Dr.  .Folui  Warren, 
ami  atteiideJ  a  course  of  leutnres  at  Harvard 
University.  In  1810  he  estahlisliod  iiiinselt' in 
his  profession  at  Bethel,  Maine,  where  for  more 
than  fifty  years  he  pursued  its  |)raetice  through- 
out that  part  of  the  State  with  great  sueeess 
and  distinction.  He  was  a  nieinher  of  the  con 
etitutioii  which  framed  the  Constitution  of 
Maine,  in  1819,  and  after  the  admission  of  the 
State  to  the  Union,  in  1820,  he  served  several 
years  in  hoth  branches  of  the  Legislature.  He 
was  for  thirty-tive  years  a  Snrgeon  in  the  State 
Militia,  and  was  Surgeon  in-Chief  of  the  forces 
called  into  the  Held,  in  1837,  to  repel  Hritish 
invasion  of  the  northeastern  portion  of  Maine, 
during  the  dispute  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States,  as  to  our  northeastern 
boundary.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Classical  Academy  at  Bethel,  and  was  for  many 
years  the  President  of  its  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
took  great  interest  in  general  education. 

Dr.  John  Grover  married  a  lady  who  was  a 
descendant  on  her  mother's  side  of  one  of  the 
earliest  New  England  families,  the  Woodmans, 
of  Massachusetts,  the  oriifinal  settler  in  this 
country  coming  from  Jfewbury,  Enorland,  in 
IGBu,  and  settling  in  Newbury  (now  Newi)ury- 
port),  Massachusetts,  where  he  was  one  of  tlie 
early  Magistrates  of  the  town.  Dr.  dohn  and 
Fanny  Grover  were  the  parents  of  two  daughters, 
who  died  young,  and  of  four  sons,  viz.:  Aber- 
nethy,  who  served  as  a  member  of  the  Legislat- 
ure of  Maine,  and  of  the  Governor's  Council, 
and  during  the  civil  war  as  Captain  and  Major 
in  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  Maine  Voluuteurs, 
also  served  four  years  as  Register  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  at  Miles  City,  Montana; 
Talleyrand,  who  was  for  nine  years  professor 
of  languages  in  Delaware  ("ollege,  at  Newark, 
Delaware,  a  young  man  of  great  talent,  who 
died  |)rematurely  at  the  University  of  Upsala, 
Sweden,  in  1859,  whither  he  had  gone  to  pursue 
his  studies;  General  Cuvier.  a  graduate  of  West 
Point,  in  the  class  of  1850,  in  which  he  won 
distinguished  honors,  who  became  a  General  in 
the  army  of  the  United  States,  servincr  with 
BigUivl  ability  as  commander  of  a  division  in  the 
late  civil  war,  his  death  ultimately  resulting 
from  the  effects  of  wounds  and  hardships  e.K- 
perieiiced  in  that  great  strug..,'le;  and  LiFayette, 
tlu^  suliject  of  this  mention. 

Hon.  LaFayette  Grover,  whose  nime  heads 
this  sketch,  was  educated  at  the  classical  acad- 
emy of  Bethel,  his  native  town,  and  at  Bowdoin 


College.  He  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office 
of  the  late  Asa  I.  Fish,  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania; attended  the  lectures  at  the  Philadelphia 
Law  Academy,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
that  city,  in  March,  1850.  In  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  be  took  passage  on  a  merchant  vessel 
in  the  Pacific  coast  trade,  and  after  a  long  voy- 
age around  cape  Horn,  arrived  in  San  Francisco 
in  July,  1851,  whence  he  proceeded  to  Portland 
on  the  steamer  Columbia,  which  had  but  a  short 
time  before  entered  in  that  service.  Going  di- 
rectly to  Salem,  he  entered  at  once  into  practice 
as  a  lawyer.  The  first  regular  term  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  was  convened  there 
during  the  following  month,  and  he  was  invited 
by  Chief  Justice  Nelson  to  become  Clerk  of  the 
court.  He  accepted  the  [losition  for  the  time 
being,  with  the  condition  that  another  should 
shortly  relieve  him,  but  served  8i,\  months  in 
that  capacity  before  a  successor  was  appointerl. 
After  resignitig  the  Clerkship  of  the  court,  he 
associated  iiimself  in  practice  with  Benjamin  F. 
Harding,  a  young  man  of  much  promise,  who 
afterward  became,  successively.  United  States 
District  Attorney,  Secretary  of  Oregon  Territory, 
and  United  States  Senator.  Their  practice  was 
extensive,  and  very  successful.  The  Legislature 
of  1852  elected  Mr.  Grover  Prosecuting  Attorney 
of  the  Second  Judicial  District,  which,  including 
Marion  county,  extended  south  to  the  California 
line.  In  1853  he  was  elected  to  the  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Oreiron,  and  on  the  oriranization 
of  that  body  he  was  honored  with  the  appoint- 
ment to  the  Chairmanship  of  the  Judiciary 
Committee.  In  this  position  he  exercised  much 
influence  in  giving  form  to  the  early  laws  of 
Oregon,  and  was  very  busy  in  writing  bills  and 
reports  for  other  meml)ers  who  wished  assist- 
ance. At  this  session  also,  in  consnitation  with 
the  late  Rev.  William  Rciberts,  D.  D.,  he 
drafted,  and  promoted  to  its  passage,  a  bill  or- 
ganizing the  Willamette  University.  He  was 
one  of  the  Trustees  of  that  institution  for  several 
yenrs,  and  was  its  counsel  in  adjusting  all  rights 
to  land  held  as  a  foundation  interest  by  contract 
with  Dr.  William  H.  Willson  and  wife,  proprie- 
tors of  the  town  of  Salem.  Ho  drew  the  deed 
under  which  the  university  holds  its  landed 
property.  He  was  (chairman  of  the  Board  Com- 
mittee, which  formulated  the  first  collegiate 
course  of  studies  for  that  institution. 

In  the  autumn  of  1853  occurred  the  first 
Rogue  river  Indian  war.  Mr.  Grover  assisted 
in  raising  a  company  of  volunteers  at  Salem  for 


I 


ir 


1 


I 


I  1 


H04 


mSTOUY    (IF    (iliKOOS. 


that  service,  and  served  as  First  Lieutenant  of 
timt  coiiipiiny.  At  the  close  of  this  service  lie 
appeared  as  Deputy  United  States  District 
Attorney  in  the  courts  ot  southern  (  h'egon,  tlien 
being  held  lor  the  tirst  time.  In  1854  he 
served  as  President  of  the  Hoard  of  Coinniis- 
sioners  authorized  by  (Jonifress  to  assess  the 
losses  sustained  by  the  settlers  of  Uogue  river 
valley  durini^  the  precedinif  yejir,  the  Govern- 
ment havinjT  assumed  the  payment  of  damages 
inflicted  by  the  Indians. 

In  1855  Mr.  Grover  was  aj^ain  elected  to  the 
Legisliiture  trom  ilarion  county,  and  served  as 
Speaker  of  the  House  during  the  session  of 
l!S55-'5(').  At  this  session,  under  liis  leadership, 
the  seat  of  (toveruinent  was  removed  from  Cor- 
vallis  to  Salem. 

In  the  meantime  trouble  with  the  Indians  of 
a  much  more  aggravated  type  than  before,  broke 
out,  the  combined  tribes  from  British  (Columbia 
to  {-alifornia  combining  and  attacking  the 
frontier  settlfMiients  of  Oregon  and  WashiTigton 
in  a  determined  manner.  In  addition  to  the 
United  States  troops  utilized  in  the  suppression 
of  the  trouble.  2,()00  volunteers  from  Oregon 
and  Washinr.t  )n  were  called  for,  and  on  belialf 
of  his  o.  ;,  '  ,;rritory,  Mr.  Grover  assisted  in 
raising  these  men,  after  which  he  served 
throughout  the  Yakima  campaign  (Ui  the  staff 
of  Colonel  Nesmith.  In  1857  lie  was  called 
upon  to  perform  a  labor  similar  to  that  of  1854, 
being  a  member  of  the  Military  Commission 
.  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  AV'ar  under 
autlii>rity  cf  an  act  of  Congress,  to  audit  and 
report  to  the  War  Department  the  expenses  in- 
curred by  Oregon  and  Washington  in  suppress- 
ing the  Indian  uprising.  Resides  himself,  the 
members  of  the  Commission  were  A.  J.  Smith, 
who  served  with  distinction  as  Major-General 
during  the  civil  war;  and  Rufus  Ingalls,  who 
was  Chief  (Quartermaster  if  tlie  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  became  QiiartermaslerCieneral 
of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Grover  was  active  in  advocating  the  claims 
of  Oregon  to  Statehood,  and  was  chosen  a  dele- 
gate from  Marion  county  to  the  convention  of 
1857,  called  to  meet  at  Salem,  for  the  purpose 
of  framing  a  constitution,  and  applying  for  ad- 
mission to  the  Union  as  a  State.  In  that  conven- 
tion ho  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  the  I'ill  of  Rights,  and  as  member  of  several 
other  important  committees  which  influenced 
largely  the  actinn  of  that  body.  In  particular, 
he    was  a   member  of  the  Committee    on    the 


"  Schedule,''  which  engrafted  the  new  constitu- 
tion upon  the  Territorial   Government  and   the 
old  order  of  things,  and  submitted  special  ques- 
tions   to    be  decided  by  the    people.     The  late 
Judge  Cyrus  Olney  was  Chairman  of  this(,'om- 
mittee;  but.  hisbusiness  relations  reqi  iring  his 
absence  during  the  latter  part  of  the  conventiim, 
Mr.  (irover  acted  as(!hairmaii  in  finally  drafting 
and  reporting  the  Schedule,  the  main  terms  of 
which    had     been    the    subject  of    consultation 
before  .ludge  Olney  retired.    During  the  j)eriod 
of  the  Oregon  Constitutional  Convention,  Kan- 
sas was  in  the  throes  of  civil  discord  on  account 
of  the  slavery  question.     Considerable  feeling 
and  interest,  therefore,  were  manifest  in  Oregon 
on  tlie  subject,  a  large  number  of  the  settlers 
iiere  having  come   from    the  slave  States;   the 
question  had  to  be  met.     The   report  upon  the 
Schedule,  which  was  adopted  by  the  convention, 
provided   that   the  existence  of  slavery   in   this 
State  should  be  submitted  as  a  separate  proposi- 
tion to  a  direct   viva  voce   vote  of  the  electors, 
who  should  answer  yes  or  no.     The  vote  was  no, 
by    a    large   i.iajority;  and   thus    nt    this  early 
period,  this  subject  was  eliminated  permonently 
from  the  politics  of  Oregon. 

At  the  general  election   held  under  the  new 
constitution,  Mr.  Grover    was  chosen    the  first 
Representative  of  Oregon  in  the  National  Con- 
gress.    His  chief  work  at  this  time  was  to  se- 
cure the  admission  of  the  State,  in  co-operation 
with  his  colleagues.  Senators  Joseph   Lane  and 
Delazon  Smith.     At  their  request  he  prepared 
the  brief  of  the  ground  and  authorities  on  which 
the  delegation  relied,  to   be   used  by  Alexander 
II.  Stephens  in  his  closing  speech  of  the  mem- 
orable debate    which    barely    brought    Oregon 
within  the  fohl  of  the  Uniim.   He  also  advocated 
tiie  assumptioTi   by   the  general  Government  of 
the  Oregon  Indian  war  debt.  When  the  Tliirty- 
tifth  Congress   had  concluded  its  labors,  he  re- 
turned to  Oregon,  and    for  the  succeeding  ten 
years  devoted  himself  assiduously,   and  almost 
exclusively,  to   his   profession  and   to    business 
pursuits.      He  associated   himself  with   the  late 
Joseph   S.  Smith    (afterward    member  of  Con- 
gress) in  practice  at  Salem,  and  the  partnership 
was  afterward  extended    to  include  a    Portland 
connection,  personally   re|)resented    in  the  me- 
tropolis by  Judge  W.  W.    Page  (to  which  city 
Mr.  Grover  shortly  afterward  removed)  the  firm 
assuming  a  standing   commensurate    with    the 
prominence  ami  abilities  of  its  members. 

He  was  also,  at  this  time,  active  in   other  di- 


t^'M 


U18T0HY    OF    OliUllON. 


305 


di- 


rections, liiid  is  entitled  to  rank  as  one  of  the 
early  eflieient  promoters  of  inanufaetnres  in 
Oregon.  In  iSofi,  the  year  he  closed  his  term 
as  Speaker  of  tiie  Territorial  Legislature,  he  ac- 
tively interested  himself  in  the  organization  of 
the  Willamette  Woolen  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, at  Salem,  which  had  in  view  the  intro- 
duction to  the  capital  city,  by  canal  and 
natural  channels,  of  tlie  waters  of  the  Santiam 
river,  to  furnish  power  for  their  own  and 
such  other  manufacturing  enterprises  as  might 
thus  be  induced  to  establish  themselves  there. 
lie  became  a  director  of  the  company,  and  so 
continued  for  fifteen  years,  during  which  period, 
this  pioneer  of  extensive  manufacturing  schemes 
in  Oregon,  attained  large  proportions  and 
achieved  abundant  success.  In  1860  he  pur- 
chased the  shares  of  Joseph  Watt  in  this  cor- 
poration, and  became  owner  of  a  one-third  in- 
terest in  all  the  mills  and  water-power  of  Sa- 
lem, and  from  18(')7  to  1871  gave  his  personal 
attention  to  the  mauiigement  of  the  interests  of 
the  company.  He  directed  the  completion  of 
the  Salem  Flouring  Mills,  previously  begun, 
including  the  putting  in  of  all  the  machinery 
and  the  construction  of  a  canal  for  steamboats 
from  the  river  to  the  mill.  He  also  enlarged 
the  woolen  factory  and  greatly  extended  its 
business.  The  Salem  Mills  were  the  fir.st  ship- 
pers of  Oregon  flour  by  the  cargo  to  foreign 
ports.  The  stimulus  of  a  manufacturing  en- 
terprise of  this  magnitude,  at  this  early  date, 
was  very  great,  and  proved  a  boon  to  farming 
interests.  The  woolen  mills  were  destroyed  by 
Hre  after  Mr.  Grover  ceased  to  be  a  member  of 
the  company. 

As  a  delegate  from  Multnomah  county  he 
attended  the  Democratic  State  Oonvention,  at 
Portland,  in  18B6,  and  was  chosen  to  preside 
over  its  deliberHtions.  iiy  this  body  he  was 
elected  Chairman  of  the  State  Central  Commit- 
tee of  the  party,  in  which  position  he  served 
during  the  succeeding  four  years. 

In  1870  he  was  nominated  for  Governor  on 
the  Democratic  ticket,  and  was  chosen  as  such 
at  the  ensuing  .June  election.  The  year  1874 
brought  him  a  re-election  as  Chief  Executive, 
which  office  he  held  until  1877,  when  he  re- 
signed to  accept  the  United  States  Senator- 
ship,  to  which  he  had  been  elected  by  the 
General  Assembly  of  Oregon,  in  joint  conven- 
tion, in  September,  1870.  The  chief  issue  on 
which  he  conducted  his  campaign  for  the  guber- 
natorial   chair  iu  1870  was  the   abrogation  of 


the  Hurlingamo  treaty,  though  the  suliject  was 
not  mentioned   in  the  jilatform  of  either  |)nrty. 

In  his  inaugural  address  to  the  Legislature  of 
that  year  he  touched  strongly  upon  the  subject 
of  this  treaty,  favoring  its  abiogntion  and  the 
exclusion  of  the  Chinese.  The  Legislature 
adopted  his  recommendation,  and  memorialized 
Congress  accordingly.  From  this  time  for- 
ward, until  by  his  voice  and  vote  in  the  United 
States  Senate  he  assisted  in  the  euccessfid  etfort 
to  modify  the  treaty  and  exclude  the  Chinese, 
he  never  wavered  in  his  .active  championship  of 
this  movement. 

During  Governor  Grover's  incumbency  of  the 
executive  chair  he  was  assiduous  in  the  advance- 
ment of  the  State's  interest,  and  a  number  of 
measures  were  put  to  adoption  that  had  an  im- 
portant bearing  on  the  welfare  of  the  common- 
wealth. One  of  the  first  of  his  official  acts  was 
to  pu*  in  force  the  law  (which  had  been  enacted 
two  years  previously,  but  not  executed)  i)ro- 
viding  for  tug  boats  at  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  and  a  subsidy  for  their  support — 
a  movement  which  was  the  most  important  of 
all  the  early  causes  for  the  development  to  its 
present  proportions  of  the  coastwise  and  foreign 
commerce  from  this  great  river.  Another  navi- 
gation project  in  which  he  interested  himself 
was  the  Willamette  Falls  improvement,  he 
favoring  the  idea  of  construction  of  locks  by  a 
private  company,  aided  liy  the  State.  The 
successful  completion  of  the  undertaking  on 
these  lines  opened  the  Willamette  river  to  com. 
petition  with  the  railroads,  and  has  proven  of 
immense  value  to  the  farmers  of  the  ever 
abounding  valley  of  the  Willamette,  while  se- 
curing them  for  all  time  from  any  long  con- 
tinued extortion  in   the  matter  of  freight  rates. 

During  the  first  session  of  the  Legislature, 
after  he  liad  assumed  the  office  of  Governor,  a 
bill  passed  both  Houses,  by  more  than  a  two- 
thirds  vote  in  each  instance,  empowering  the  city 
of  Portland  to  issue  bonds  in  the  sum  of  §300,- 
000,  as  an  inducement  to  Ben  Holladay  to  build 
a  railroad  up  the  west  side  of  the  Willamette 
valley,  with  its  lower  terminus  at  Portland,  and 
being  duly  engrossed  was  sent  to  Governor 
Grover  for  his  signature.  Notwithstanding  the 
heavy  majorities  by  which  the  bill  had  passed  the 
Legislature,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  make  a  firm 
stand  in  behalf  of  the  State,  and  preserve  it 
from  a  course  which  would  certainly  prove  dis- 
astrous, as  it  has  in  several  Western  States,  and, 
following  out  his  convictions,  vetoed  the  bill  in 


■n^~ 


;iU(i 


HISTOUY    OF    OREGON. 


j  \ 


\'v 


H  iiiesfttye  wliii'li,  as  h  funnor  writer  aptly  says, 
"  .-ittU'd  till- I'dlii-y  (if  llie  State  oil  tlie  siilijei't 
of  piililic  i^raiits  of  money  to  railroad  corjiora- 
tioiis  as  loiii;  as  the  present  ('onstitiition  of  tliin 
State  exist!*."  The  messaire  embodying  the 
veto  was  tiled  alter  the  adjonrnmeiit  of  the 
General  Ascemhly,  and  went  over  as  an  issue  in 
the  election,  wliich  returned  the  succeeding 
l.egii-liitiire.  In  the  Senate,  where  tlie  hill 
originated,  the  veto  was  sustained  with  prac- 
tical unanimity  at  the  next  sei-sion,  only  one 
vote  heiiig  recor(led  iigiiinst  it.  As  a  result  of 
tlie  pidicy  thus  promulgated  hy  tJovernor  (tro- 
ver, when  ho  stood  almost  alone  as  its  exponent, 
the  State  of  Oregon  and  its  counties  and  towns 
are  entirely  free  from  dehts  growing  out  of  the 
construction  of  railways,  such  as  hang  so  heav- 
ily o\er  many  other  conininnities. 

His  administration  estahlished  the  basis  for  the 
segregation  and  patenting  of  all  public  lauds  to 
which  the  State  was  entitled  under  various 
grants  of  Congress,  and  a  recogiiitinn  of  her 
right  to  tide  lauds.  Tiie  indemnity  coninion- 
scliool  lands,  held  in  lieu  of  those  occupied  by 
settlers  before  the  i)nblic  surveys  were  inaile, 
were  secured  to  the  State,  and  a  school  fund 
was  created  out  of  the  nroceeds  of  their  sales, 
from  which  the  first  distribution  of  public 
moneys  for  the  common  schools  of  Oregon  were 
made;  this  also  being  accomplished  during  his 
term  of  office  as  (Tovernor.  The  grants  made  by 
C!ongress  for  the  establishment  and  support  of  a 
State  university  and  an  agricultural  college 
were  secured  and  utilized,  and  the  (iovernor  ac- 
tively interested  liimseU'  in  promoting  the  or- 
ganization of  these  institutions.  The  institutions 
for  the  edur-ation  and  care  of  deaf  nintes  and  of 
the  blind  were  also  established,  at  Salem,  under 
liis  administration;  and  the  penitentiary  and 
State  Capitol  buildings  erected  while  he  was 
Governor,  and  the  building  of  which  he  advo- 
cated, were  both  constructed  at  a  cost  within 
the  architects'  estimate,  exhibitiiig  efficiency, 
honesty  and  economy  in  administration. 

A  notable  incident  during  Governor  Grover's 
term  of  office  as  executive,  occurred  in  connec- 
ti(»u  with  the  memorable  I'residential  campaign 
of  1870).  Heing  a  strict  interpreter  of  the  con- 
stitution, he  refused  to  certify  the  election  of  a 
I'residential  Elector  who  was  disqualified,  by 
reason  of  holding  a  federal  office,  and  issued  the 
certificate  to  the  candidate  receiving  the  next 
highest  number  of  votes.  The  settlement  of  this 
question  was  so  momentous  a  matter  as  to  decide, 


one  way  or  the  other,  the  selection  of  a  President 
of  the  United  States;  but  the  "Electoral  Commis- 
sion,'' authoriztd  by  Congress  and  selected  lor 
the  purpose  ol  deciding  this qnestion,as  well  as  the 
matter  of  the  contested  Southern  States,  took  the 
opposite  view,  and  gave  the  entire  vote  of  Ore- 
gon, M'ith  that  of  Louisiana  and  Florida,  to  Hayes, 
thus  seating  him,  instead  of  Tihkii.  This  inci- 
dent must  ever  remain  an  important  episode  in 
the  history  of  presidential  elections;  and  Goverii- 
tir  Grovcr  yet  adheres  to  his  original  view  that 
in  his  action  in  this  case  lie  was  supported  by 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Another  important  historical  affair,  which 
must  he  mentioned  in  connection  with  his  serv- 
ice as  Governor,  was  the  Mtidoc  Indian  war,  iu 
which  the  Oregon  volunteers  were  engaged  and 
distinguished  themselves  by  capturing  twelve  of 
thesavages  implicated  in  iheassassimitionof  (ien- 
eralCanby  and  the  liev.  I)r.  Thomas,  the  I'eace 
Commissioner,  and  surrendering  these  murderers 
to  the  United  States  commander  for  trial.  This 
brilliant  exploit  closed  the  most  murderous  In- 
dian hostilities  I.nown  iu  the  history  of  Oregon. 

On  being  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
he  resigned  the  Governorship,  and  took  his 
seat  in  the  Senate  in  March,  1877,  ai:d  served 
during  his  term  in  that  body,  on  the  Commit- 
tees on  Military  Affairs,  Public  Lands,  Rail- 
roads, Territories,  Manufactures  and  Private 
Land  Claims.  While  iu  the  Senate  he  labored 
assiduously  to  secure  the  settlement  of  the  In- 
dian war  claims  preferred  by  the  State  of  Ore- 
gon; to  promote  the  completion  of  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Uailroa<l;  to  obtain  adequate  appro- 
priations for  surveying  and  improving  the 
rivers  and  harbors  of  ()regon,  as  well  as  other 
portions  of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  and  the  ex- 
tension of  the  Government  surveys  of  the 
public  lands  west  of  tlie  Rocky  mountains.  As 
mentioned  elsewhere,  he  continued  in  the  Senate 
his  efforts  for  the  modification  of  our  treaty  re- 
lations with  ('hina,  and  the  exclusion  of  Chinese 
laborers  from  this  country.  He  advocated  on 
the  Hoor  of  the  Senate  an  extension  of  time  to 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company  for  the 
completion  of  its  line  to  the  coast,  and  also  ad- 
dressed that  body  on  the  Chinese  P]xclusion 
Hills,  and  in  executive  session  on  the  ratification 
of  the  treaty  with  China  modifying  the  Hur- 
lingame  Treaty  of  1868,  and  on  other  subjects. 
Ills  term  in  the  Senate  expired  in  1883,  and 
in  accordance  with  his  previously  formed  reso- 
lution he  retired  from    public  life,  his  health 


UlsrOHY    OF    OUKilON. 


807 


having  been  impaired  by  the  constmit  demands 
upon  liiB  energies  required  in  its  service,  lie 
has  since  devoted  iiiniselt'  almost  exclusively  to 
his  private  Ijusiness  affairs,  and  to  the  gratitica- 
tion  of  tastes,  of  which  he  had  denied  himself 
during  his  long  term  of  service  for  his  State. 
Ainoiif^  the  properties  which  ho  had  acquired, 
by  purciiase,  was  a  one-fourth  interest  in  lands 
now  known  as  "Carter's  Addition  to  Portland," 
and  he  now  joined  with  the  other  owners  in  lay- 
ing out  that  extension  of  the  city.  In  1884 
Governor  and  Mrs.  (irover  laid  out  a  tract  of 
high  land  in  the  southwest  portion  of  the  city, 
the  gift  of  her  parents,  as  Grover's  Addition 
to  Portland,  and  named  it  "Portland  Heights." 
This  name  proved  so  "taking"  that  all  the  high 
ground  in  that  portion  of  the  city  bear  that 
title.  These  enterprises  proved  very  successful, 
as  well  as  highly  beneticial  to  the  city,  all  that 
portion  of  whicii  has  since  been  converted  from 
broken  hills  to  heautil'ul  plats,  thickly  dotted 
with  handsome  residences,  forming  one  of  the 
show  spots  of  the  city,  llo  has  also  made  other 
real-estate  investments,  and  a  portion  of  his 
time,  later,  has  l)een  devoted  to  the  laying  off, 
grading  and  otherwise  improving  a  property 
south  and  west  of  the  city  park. 

Among  his  corporate  investments  'are  the 
Ainsworth  National  Hank,  of  which  ho  is  a 
director,  and  with  which  he  has  been  identittod 
since  its  organization,  and  in  which  he  assisted  in 
1885;  also  tho  Portland  Trust  Company  of 
Oregon,  and  other  important  investments. 

He  was  married  in  1865,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Carter,  youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Thomas 
Carter,  an  early  resident  of  Portland,  and  one 
of  the  most  successful  merchants  and  owners  of 
real  estate  in  the  city  and  one  of  the  proprietors. 
Mrs.  Grover  is  a  lady  of  high  cultiireand  rarely 
gifted  in  poetical  and  artistic  tastes;  of  fine 
presence  and  graceful  bearing,  and  withal  her 
works  of  private  charity  abound.  She  has  been 
a  strong  factor  in  the  successes  of  her  husband 
in  public  life. 

Their  son,  John  Cuvier  Grover,  has  devoted 
himself  to  literature  and  art.  After  taking  a 
four  years'  course  at  the  Peekskill,  New  York, 
Military  Academy,  he  has  spent  live  years  in 
Paris,  France,  chiefly  devoted  to  sculpture.  He 
has  been  admitted  to  the  Paris  Salon  with  a 
statue  of  Psyche  and  a  medallion  portrait 
of  his  father.  He  is  now  developing  a 
remarkable  ability  in  painting,  bidding  fair  to 
become  distinguished  in  both  bratichos  of  art. 


Tho  chronicle  of  Governor  Grover's  career 
is  a  record  of  success  achieved  in  n  re^^ioii,  where 
the  sturdy  and  brilliant  of  many  climu->  met  in 
competition,  and  it  is  a  success  acc(jinpanying  a 
name  untarnished  from  the  start  as  a  lawyer, 
through  all  his  course,  step  by  step  till  reach- 
ing tho  National  House  of  Uepresentative,-*.  tho 
Govornorship  of  his  State  and  the  Sen<4te  of  the 
United  States.  He  has  left  his  impress  indelibly 
on  the  history  of  his  State. 


f.WID  L.  HEDGES,  an  Indian  war  veteran 
and  a  pioneer  of  Polk  county,  Oregon,  was 
born  in  Morgan  county,  Ohio,  February 
25,  1838.  His  ancestor,  Charles  Hedge.s,  came 
from  England  in  colonial  times  and  settled  in 
Virginia,  and  he  and  his  posterity  have  boon 
prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  State  of  Virginia 
over  since.  Grandfather  Silas  Hodges  fought 
in  the  colonial  army  during  the  llevolution 
and  he  died  in  Athens  county,  Ohio,  in  the 
eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Hedges' 
father,  Israel  Hedges,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1812,  and  while  he  was  yet  a  lad  the  family  re- 
moved to  Ohio,  where  he  grew  to  manhood  and 
married,  in  1835,  Miss  Mary  Ann  Jenkins,  a 
neighbor,  and  a  native  of  Ohio,  the  daughter  of 
Richard  Jenkins,  an  Ohio  pioneer.  They  re- 
mained in  Ohio,  he  working  at  the  trade  of 
blacksmith  and  also  farming;  until  1851,  when 
he  started  across  the  plains  with  his  wife  and 
five  children.  The  eldest  son,  Eli,  lived  to  be 
twenty-four  years  old  and  was  drowned  while 
fording  the  Willamette  river.  Trie  second  child 
was  David  L.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Sarah 
became  the  wife  of  Theodore  Thorp,  and  resides 
in  Independence;  William  was  unfortunately 
shot  by  accident  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  years. 
Two  children  wore  added  to  the  family  in  Ore- 
gon, the  eldest  of  these,  Pearly,  died  in  his 
eighteenth  year;  and  Ilosa  married  Albert  Carey, 
and  resides  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Mr.  Hedges  and  family  were  six  months  in 
crossing  the  plains,  and  at  one  time,  when  by 
the  Platte  river,  their  cattle  were  stampeded,  but 
they  recovered  them,  and  aside  from  that  they 
experienced  tho  usual  hardships  of  tlie  travelers 
across  the  plains  at  that  time.  After  landing  in 
Oregon  they  came  direct  to  Polk  county,  and 
here  took  a  donation  claim,  one  mile  and  a-lialf 
above  Independence,  where  he  resided  a  number 


:I(IH 


IllSTOHY    Of    OHKUON. 


(if  jt'iiri*  iind  tlien  sold  hiiiI  purclmnMl  the  Thorp 
liotldiii,  live  itiiU's  ahove  Iii(lepcmli'i!(!*',  where 
tlie}'  prosjjerud.  However,  when  the  year  of 
the  liigli  wiiterof  "(U  iiml  "(52  eaiiie,  their lioiiso 
was  tioateil  and  was  kept  from  going  down  tiie 
rivei'  liy  a  tree  iieing  in  the  way.  Tliis  wan  tlie 
jjreatei-t  tlodd  known  lieloriMir  since.  Tliin  fer- 
tile hind  Mr.  lledi;es  solil  to  Harry  Cliritstian, 
and  tlien  he  moved  into  Indepeiuh'nce  and  he- 
};Hn  work  at  his  trade  of  lihieksmith  anil  worked 
at  it  tor  twelve  years. 

In  18S1  our  siilijeet's  father  had  to  part  with 
his  faithful  wife,  lint  he  is  still  liviiifr  in  his 
seventy  ninth  year,  and  has  the  Tianie  of  always 
having  lieen  an  holiest  and  honorable  man.  He 
served  as  Lieutenant  in  the  Indian  war  of 
185o-'5t)  ill  Company  A,  witli  Captain  Marion 
Goff. 

iJiivid  L.  Hedges  was  roared  and  edneated  in 
Polk  county,  ami  licfjan  to  do  for  himself  when 
he  was  hut  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  was 
eifihteen  years  of  age  wlien  the  Iniliaii  war  broke 
out,  and  in  18o()  he  volunteered  in  the  Marion 
County  (k)inpany  and  went  to  the  Dalles.  Here 
he  was  transferred  to  the  I'olk  County  (\)inpany 
under  (Jajitain  H.  G.  J?ureh,  and  like  a  brave 
man  he  suffered  all  the  privations  of  the  ooiii- 
pany,  being  rediiceif  with  the  rest  to  the  eating 
of  horse  tlesh  for  seven  days.  The  tights  with 
the  Indians  were  always  skirmishes,  the  savages 
always  running. 

After  this  war  Mr.  Hedges  worked  tor  such 
wages  as  he  eould  get,  and  in  1801  he  purchased 
16()  acres  of  land  across  the  Willamette  from 
iiiiena  Vista.  The  t'oUowing  winter  the  flood 
came  and  swept  away  all  he  had,  the  house  with 
til  its  contents,  and  the  only  way  that  the  people 
escaped  with  their  lives  was  when  people  came 
with  a  skiff  and  took  them  otl',  and  an  hour  later 
the  house  went  down  the  river.  In  1802  he  re- 
moved to  the  Cascades,  and  for  six  months  was 
enf;aged  in  teaming,  but  was  taken  sick  and  re- 
turned to  Independence.  After  two  years  he 
went  east  of  the  mountains  and  was  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  on  Butter  Creek,  and  here  he 
met  with  success  and  continued  three  years, 
when  lie  sold  out  and  came  to  his  present 
location. 

After  reaching  this  place  Mr.  Hedges  pur- 
chased eighty-nine  acres  of  land,  but  about  two 
years  later  lie  sold  it  and  bought  school  and 
nniversity  land,  300  acres  of  wliicli  he  farmed 
for  a  nninber  of  years.  He  then  sold  out  and 
went  to  Whitman  county,  Washington,  and  there 


engaged  in  the  sheep  business  for  nine  years, 
but  all  this  time  he  retained  his  home  in  Inde- 
pendence, and  this  he  still  owns.  He  made  a 
success  of  sheep  raising  and  be  ](urclia8ed  173 
acres  on  the  river  two  miles  below  Independence, 
and  on  this  pleasant  place  he  resides  in  summer 
and  at  bis  home  in  Inde|)eiideii('e  in  the  winter. 
Our  subject  was  married  to  Miss  Amanda 
.lane  Fudge,  a  native  (d'  Illinois,  born  in  1843. 
Her  father,  Adam  Fudge,  was  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  18+7.  They  have  had  a  family  of  tour 
children,  as  follows:  Minnie,  who  married  H. 
K.  Patterson,  adruf;gistof  Independence;  Lot- 
tie, resides  at  home;  Kinina  Gertrude,  married 
.L  A.  Morris,  and  resides  in  Independence;  and 
Parly  is  at  home.  Mrs.  H(Ml{»es  is  a  ineniher 
of  the  Congregational  Church.  Our  subject  has 
l>een  for  many  years  a  Democrat,  but  now  votes 
with  the  People's  party.  He  has  been  a  very 
industrious  and  hard-working  man,  and  his 
labors  have  been  rewarded  with  a  competency, 
which  1ms  been  richly  deserved. 


^ 


iB©^- 


IIOMAS  B.  IIENDKKSON,  an  esteemed 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1852,  and  a  prominent 
fanner  and  business  man  of  Yam  Hill 
county,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  February  0, 
1829.  His  father,  Nathaniel  Henderson,  was  a 
native  of  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  emigrated  to 
America  when  a  boy,  locating  in  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Sloan,  who 
was  also  a  native  of  Ireland.  They  had  seven 
children,  five  sons  and  two  daughters,  two  of 
the  former  and  one  of  the  latter  still  living,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  being  the  fifth  in  order  of 
birth. 

The  family  removed  to  Knox  county,  Oiuo, 
in  1831,  that  State  being  then  a  wild  and  but 
slightly  settled  country.  Here  the  father  died 
in  1838,  leaving  his  family  and  many  friends  to 
mourn  his  loss.  The  mother  survived  him 
thirty-eight  years,  expiring  in  her  homo  in  Mis- 
souri, in  1870,  aged  eighty-two  years,  greatly 
lamented  by  all  who  knew  her. 

The  boyhood  days  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
were  spent  on  the  Ohio  farm,  and  he  attended 
the  usual  pioneer  log  schoolhouse  in  the  vicinity. 
When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  commenced  to  learn 
the  blacksmiths'  trade,  at  which  be  worked  for 
three  years,  receiving  twelve  and  a-half  cents  a 
day  until  he  had  acquired  the  trade. 


UlSTOUY    OF    OltKUON. 


»0U 


lit'  tlit'ii  (itH'iiod  his  firwt  slio])  in  I'lilHfkivillo, 
MdI'I'ow  c'oiiiitv.  <  Miio,  \vli(!rn,  on  I'elinmry  17, 
1S4S,  liu  iiiiirrii'il  Mirs  Hliziilictli  Van  iiiibkirk, 
>in  i!«tiir)iil)lt'  liitlVi  iinil  a  niitivi;  of  tliiit  county, 
wlieri)  filie  wiis  horn  Octobor  25.  1829.  Slie  whh 
a  tliini;litor  ol' William  Van  l!ii!*kirk,  a  native  of 
Maryland,  where  lie  was  horn  June  fi,  1786. 
lie  married  Margaret  •!.  Evens  on  Noveinhor 
21,  1815. a  native  of  Virjfinia,  where  Hhe  wan  horn 
SeptLMiher  8,  17'J3,  and  was  reared  in  Ken- 
tiu'ky,  near  l.e-vington.  They  had  eight  chil- 
dren, five  si)n»an<l  three  danj^hters,  two  of  whom 
survive,  Mrn.  Henderson  and  a  hrother. 

Mr.  Van  Himkirk  had  heen  a  volunteer  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  had  traveled  a  great  deal  and 
en  joyed  it,  and  he  experienced  a  great  desire  to 
visit  Oregon,  and  induced  his  sons  and  his  sons- 
in-law  to  start  with  their  wives  and  little  ones 
for  the  Willamette  valley,  of  the  heanty  and 
fertility  of  which  niarveloiis  reports  had  heen 
spread  broadcast  throughout  the  country.  Ac- 
cordingly, on  October  2, 1851,  Air.  Van  iiuskirk 
and  wife,  and  their  entire  family,  consisting  of 
si.K  children,  two  sonsin-law,  two  daughters- 
in-law  and  eleven  grandchildren,  twenty-one 
p(^rsons  in  all,  started  on  their  long  western 
journey.  They  wintered  in  the  Van  Buskirk's 
settlement,  in  Andrew  county.  Missouri,  and 
April  2'J,  1852.  they  crossed  the  Missouri  river 
at  Eli7,al)ethtown,  where  they  were  cut  off  from 
civilization,  and  finally  well  under  way  for  the 
beautiful  country  for  which  they  were  bound. 
Moi-I  unfortunately  for  them,  however,  this  was 
the  year  when  the  cholera  was  so  prevalent,  and 
they  had  the  sorrow  to  lose  six  of  their  little 
company,  who  were  tearfully  buried  and  sorrow- 
fidly  left  on  the  plains.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hender- 
son lost  and  buried  their  only  child,  the  two 
others  having  died  in  the  East.  Also,  on  the 
Blue  mountains.  September  23, 1852.  their  dear 
mother,  who  had  been  such  a  good  angel  to 
them  all  throughout  their  weary  journey,  euc- 
cumbed  to  the  dreadful  disease, — mountain 
fever,  and  died  and  was  buried  in  the  mountains. 
Thus  bereaved,  this  heart  broken  little  company 
moved  slowly  forward,  and  after  si.x  months  of 
weary  traveling,  sickness,  liereavement  and 
death,  arrived  on  Novemlwr  2,  1852,  at  LaFay- 
ette.  They  all  settled  in  Yam  Hill  county, 
where,  sei^en  years  later,  on  October  19,  1859, 
the  father  died  in  the  midst  of  his  family,  and 
was  buried  in  Amity  cemetery.  Soon  after 
their  arrival  in  Oregon,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Hen- 
derson, who  had  accompanied  them,  also  died. 


The  exigencies  of  a  new  country  left  them 
little  time  to  tliei  •  griefs.  They  wintercMl  near 
An)ity,  and  .Mr.  Il.Miderson  chopped  wood  and 
did  whatever  else  1  e  found  to  do,  to  support 
himself  and  family.  The  following  spring 
he  located  at  'irande  Uonde,  where  he  pre- 
empted a  donation  claim  of  320  acres.  On  this 
he  built  a  log  house,  and  with  a  little  beilding 
and  the  few  articles  they  had  brought  with  them 
across  the  plains,  they  commenced  pioneer  life. 

He  had  not  lived  (here  long,  when  the  (iov- 
ernrnent  wanted  the  land  for  an  Indian  reserva- 
tion, so  he  sold  his  land  to  the  (lovernrnent,  and 
purchased  cighfy  acres  near  Amity,  where  he 
l)uilt  a  comfortable  house,  and  jilanfed  an  or- 
chard, and  continued  to  reside  for  a  number  of 
years. 

lie  then  moved  into  Amity,  where  ho  built  a 
residence,  which  was  the  second  built  in  the 
place,  and  also  erected  a  blacksmith  shon,  on 
the  northwest  corner  of  Block  4,  on  Trade 
street,  where  he  remained  in  business  forayear, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  he  sold  his  former 
place,  and  purchased  KiO  acres  in  Polk  county. 
On  this  he  erected  a  large  and  substantial  house, 
good  barns,  and  otherwise  improved  it,  and  re- 
sided there  with  his  family  for  eight  years. 

He  then  rented  his  farm  and  returned  to 
Amity,  where  he  purchased  two  acres  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  town,  which  is  now  very  valuable 
property.  In  1871  he  sold  his  Polk  (toiinty 
farm,  and  again  started  blacksmithing  in  Amity. 
About  a  year  afterward  he  purchased  2(50  acres, 
located  half  a  mile  west  of  Amity,  to  which  Le 
and  his  family  removed,  and  v'-ere  he  made 
valuable  improvements,  and  co^  ■  u  mI  to  reside 
for  twenty-one  years. 

In  1890  he  purchased  a  third  interest  in  the 
mercantile  firm  of  Bridewell  &  Allison,  and  was 
for  a  year  engaged  in  running  the  business, 
when  he  sold  his  interest  to  his  son,  Miles  T., 
since  when  the  firm  has  been  Bridewell  &  Hen- 
derson. .Mr.  Bridewell  being  Mr.  Heinderson's 
son's  son-in-law.  His  son's  health  having  failed, 
the  son  went  out  on  the  farm,  and  his  father 
has  since  been  managing  his  interest  in  the 
store. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henderson  have  had  nine  children, 
only  three  of  whom  are  living,  the  sixth,  seventh 
and  eighth,  in  the  order  of  their  birth.  Primus 
tJlysses  was  born  August  20,  1854,  and  married 
Miss  Rebecca  Putman,  of  Amity,  on  March  7, 
1883,  and  has  three  sons;    Sarah  E.  was  born 


810 


niSTOHY    OF    OHEGON. 


!■!/! 
i!'i 


OctolierKJ,  1803,1111(1  iimrriod  Mr. .loliii  II.  Uritle- 
wull,  .Ir.,  on  NovHMiil)nr  10,  18h7,  iind  Iiuh  ttvo 
Hiiiis;  MiU'M  T.  WHS  Ixirii  Aiiiiiir»t  II.  1S(!S,  and 
iniiri'iiMl  >[i((H  Kniiiui  Kutcliiiin,  of  Amity,  '.  )ct()- 
Ikt  2-2,  1M!»(). 

Mr.  lIiMidtM'aon  is  h  stmicli  Kop'iiilican  in 
politics,  iiiid  WI18  elected  Assensor  of  his  county 
in  1884,  in  which  {'iipiicity  ho  servi.d  with  ability 
Kiid  intcfffity- 

lie  imd  his  faithful  wife  arc  w.irtliy  ineinber« 
of  tjie  Mapti«t  (Jiiiircli.  to  which  t!icy  iiave  ren- 
dered valued  Hssistancc,  lie  havnij;  been  tor 
many  years  a    Deacon  of  that  denonii nation. 

Thus,  after  iiiaiiy  stiriny  experienv-es  (jii  life's 
ocean,  they  are  at  last  safely  aiicho.'ed  in  the 
harbor  of  pro8|)erity  and  hap|)iness,  where,  in 
peaceful  iiuietude,  they  are  spending  tlieir  latter 
years,  enjoying  the  esteem  of  their  fellow-men, 
toward  whom  their  hands  have  always  been 
turned  in  kindness  and  love,  and  ac<|uitted  at 
tiie  tribunal  of  their  own  con»cieiice8. 

'ILLIAM  ftEII),  capitalist  and  banker, 
of  Portland,  was  born  in  (ilasifow, 
Scotland,  November  22,  l«-il.  Ills 
ance.--tors  for  several  generutions  were  residents 
of  Forfarshire  and  the  town  r)f  Dundee.  David 
Ueid,  his  father,  was  conductor  on  the  first  rail- 
road ever  operated  in  Scotland,  and  for  thirty 
years  was  prominently  identified  with  the  rail- 
road interests  of  that  country.  The  education 
of  our  subject  bejjan  in  his  native  city,  at  St. 
Andrew's  I'arisli  scdiool,  and  completed  at  the 
rniveisity  of  Cilasgow,  in  1805.  At  the  latter 
institution,  after  tinishing  his  literary  course, 
he  studied  for  the  bar,  and  was  admitted  in 
1887  as  an  attorney.  He  began  the  |irac':ice  of 
his  profession  at  Dundee,  in  partnership  with 
Alexander  Douglass,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Held  &  Douglass.  He  soon  acquired  an  jxten- 
sive  practice,  and  acted  as  counsel  for  the 
United  States  for  several  American  claimants 
under  the  Alabama  treaty.  In  1808  he  was 
employed  by  Mrs.  Mary  Lincoln,  widow  of  the 
President,  to  assist  in  the  preparation  of  the 
lieininiscences  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  While 
employed  on  this  work  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Grant,  United  States  Consul  at  Dun- 
ilee,  and  held  the  ofMce  at  that  post  until  his 
removal  to  Oregon  in  1874.  It  was  during  the 
period  he  held  this  poeition  that  bis  attention 
was  called  to  Oregon.    From  the  otticial  reports 


published  in  the  State,  and  from  intercourse 
with  Americans,  he  gaineil  nuudi  Information 
concerning  tin,'  State,  and  in  lS7ii  jircpiired  and 
pul)li!.lied  a  pamphlet  entitled,  ••Oregon  and 
Washington  (Considered  as  a  Kiehl  for  Labor 
and  Capital."  Thirty  thousand  copies  were  cir- 
culated, and  the  intlnence  they  exerte<l  upon  the 
development  of  this  portion  of  the  IJiiinn  is 
almost  beyond  calculation.  The  attention  of 
cajiitalists  and  immigrants  was  directed  toward 
this  section,  and  one  of  the  immediate  results- 
was  the  formation  of  the  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton Trust  Iiiv(«stinent  ('ompany  of  Scotland, 
with  a  paid  up  capital  of  §250,000.  The  Karl 
of  Airlie  was  made  president  of  the  company, 
and  .Mr.  lieid  its  secretary.  In  1874  he  was 
sent  to  Oregon  to  organize  its  busine.ss  in  this 
State,  and  so  highly  influenced  was  he  with  the 
resources  of  this  region  that  he  determineii  to 
permanently  locate  here,  and  became  a  citizen 
of  the  Uuiteil  States. 

In  1870  Mr.  K(>id,  with  several  Scotch  capi- 
talists, established  at  I'ortland  the  Oregon 
and  Washington  Mortgage  Savings  Hank,  the 
first  savings  bank  of  deposit  in  the  State; 
and  this  financial  institution,  with  its  prede- 
cessor, made  loans  averaging  SOi)0,000  a  year 
until  1881,  when  they  had  ^'3,700,000  at  inter- 
est,  and  not  a  dollar  had  then  been  lost  by  bad 
debts.  In  1870  Mr.  Ueid's  friends  organized 
the  Dundee  Mortgage  Company,  with  a  capital 
of  $500,000.  In  three  years  this  company  had 
loaned  $750,000  per  year,  and  with  it,  in  1880, 
was  consolidated  the  Oregon  and  Washingtfjii 
Trust  Investment  ('ompiiny,  the  united  ca|)ital 
being  increased  to  $5,000,000.  In  1882  ho 
established  tlie  P'irst  National  Hank  of  Salem, 
and  was  appointed  its  president.  During  the 
following  year  he  organized  the  Oregon  Mort- 
gaf;,^.  Company.  The  great  confidence  reposed 
in  Mr.  lieid's  sagacity  and  honesty  can  be  best 
realized  from  the  fact  that  from  May,  1874,  to 
June,  1885,  he  had  made  more  than  5,000 
loans,  amounting  to  $7,597,741,  of  which  $0,- 
000,000  consisted  of  Scotch  capital.  The  losses 
incurred  in  handling  this  large  sum  were  very 
small,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  in  the  financial  his- 
tory of  this  country  any  equal  amount,  nsed  in 
the  same  way,  was  ever  so  judiciously  or  profit- 
ably managed. 

In  1881  Mr.  Reid  organized  the  Salem  Mills 
Company,  and  in  1882  formed  a  company  with 
a  capital  of  $200,000,  called  the  City  of  Salem 
Company,  which  first  introduced    into  Oregon 


iiisToiiy  OF  oii/caoA. 


oil 


m 


the  ^rHdiinl  rediictiun  HyHtein  of  iiiilliiig.  TliiH 
c'.iiiii|)iiiiy  t<r('ett'(l  hI  ISiilem  tlio  iKrgt'nt  l)ri('l< 
inillH  ill  tlit>  HtHtu,  Imviiig,  with  tlie  iiyili-iiiilic 
u»*i'  of  tlu<  8iiiitiaiii  river,  iin  I'Htiirnited  i},(i(l() 
liorse-powfr.  In  iHHi  he  or^iinizucl  anil  e^ttili- 
liitliud  tiie  I'ortiund  Nutioniil  Hank,  of  wliiidi  lie 
luiH  Ik'L'Ii  itB  {)rt'Hi<lont  tor  five  yfarr*. 

Soon  after  lii»  arrival  in  I'ortland,  Mr.  lieid, 
in  eonnt'ction  with  (,'iintain  A.  P.  Aiikeny,  or- 
ganized tho  {{oard  of  I'rade  of  rortlund,  und 
was  its  active  secretary  for  .•>.  period  of  six 
jearn.  Shortly  after  the  oi'alion  of  this  coin- 
inereial  hody,  he  appeared  het'ore  hotli  Iioiihuh  of 
the  Legislature,  and  stroiif^ly  urged  the  passage 
of  the  tirst  Oregon  iniiiiigration  act,  and  it  was 
mainly  through  his  ottorts  that  the  first  State 
JioanI  of  Iinniigratioii  was  created.  Of  this 
hody  he  was  also  appointed  secretary,  holding 
the  Hctivo  position  for  three  years,  till  1878. 
During  this  period  he  wrote  several  pamphlets 
(lescril)ing  the  resources  of  Oregon,  which  were 
translated  into  Fieniish,  (Terman,  French  and 
Spanish,  many  thousands  of  them  being  circu- 
lated at  tlie  Paris  and  I'hiladelphia  E.xpositions 
of  187(i. 

The  j)re8ent  railroad  system  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest  owes  much  to  Mr.  Keid's  enterprise 
and  energy.  In  1880  he  conceived  the  idea  of 
constructing  a  system  of  narrow-gauge  rail- 
roads in  western  Oregon,  with  their  terminus 
at  Portland,  and  was  one  of  the  tiist  organizers 
of  the  Oregonian  Railway  (Jompany,  of  which 
the  Karl  of  Airlie  was  made  president,  and  Mr. 
Ueid  local  president.  The  construction  of  this 
system  met  with  great  opposition  from  rival 
railroad  enterprises  and  the  city  of  Portland. 
In  the  fall  of  1880,  118  miles  had  been  coni- 
})leted,  but  when  Mr.  Ileid  proposed  to  locate 
ills  terminus  on  the  public  levee  of  Portland, 
the  citizens  made  a  most  vigorous  fight  against 
the  project.  The  fight  was  taken  into  the  lialls 
of  the  Legisla'ture  in  the  session  of  1880,  where, 
after  considerable  opposition,  a  bill  was  passed 
by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  Senate  and  House, 
over  the  (4overnor's  veto,  entitling  Mr.  Keid's 
company,  which  at  that  time  was  very  popular 
with  the  farmers  of  the  Willamette  valley  as  an 
opposition  road,  to  permanently  occupy  the 
public  levee  of  Portland  for  its  terminus  and 
depot  grounds.  The  road  was  then  completed 
for  a  distance  of  163  miles,  and  had  its  road- 
hed  graded  to  a  point  within  eleven  miles  of 
Portland,  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000,  when  its  fur- 
ther extension  to  the  city  was   stopped   by  the 


Scotch  owners  of  the  enterprise,  wlio,  despite 
Mr.  Ueid's  opfxisition,  leased  the  road  to  the 
Oregon  Uuilway  ifc  Navigation  Company,  lor 
a  guarantee  rent  of  seven  per  cent,  upon  its 
paid-up  stoidx,  for  a  period  ot  ninety-six  years: 
whereu])on  Mr.  lieid  withdrew  from  the  man- 
agement. In  1884  the  Oregon  Railway  & 
Navigation  Company  repudiated  its  lease,  as 
Mr.  Ueid  had  predicted  it  would,  upon  the 
ground  that  the  Legislature  had  not  authorized 
the  lease.  Much  litigation  followed, and  tiimlly 
the  court  appointed  a  receiver.  In  the  mean- 
time the  road  hml  not  been  completed,  and  the 
grant  of  the  N'mc  by  the  Legislature  had  ex- 
pired. Uesidr  i  of  the  Willamette  valley  who 
would  be  greally  benefited  by  the  completion  of 
the  road,  now  appealed  to  Mr.  Ueid  to  again 
take  hold  of  the  enterprise.  At  their  urgent 
sidicitations  he  again  ap))lied  to  the  Legislature 
for  another  grant  of  the  forfeiteil  levee,  and 
undertook  to  conijilete  the  roacl  from  the  place 
abandoned  in  1881,  to-  Portland.  The  bill 
which  was  introduced  for  this  purpos(>  led  to 
another  severe  legislative  contest,  the  City  {Coun- 
cil of  Portland  and  the  Scotch  owners  of  the 
former  road  being  bitterly  opposed  to  the 
scheme.  Notwithstanding  their  opposition,  how- 
ever, the  grant  was  passed  in  Fid>rnary,  1885. 
Mr.  Ueid  had  previously  incorporated  the  Port- 
land <k  Willamette  Valley  Uailway  Company, 
and  at  once  commenced  the  construction  of  the 
road  from  the  uncompleted  portion  built  in 
1880  and  1881,  and  had  the  entire  system 
finished  to  the  terminus  on  the  levee  in  Port- 
land in  November,  1887.  This  road,  in  which 
Mr.  Ueid  has  been  so  largely  interested,  has 
been  of  immeasurable  benefit  to  the  farmers  re- 
siding in  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Willamette. 
Its  existence  is  almost  wholly  due  to  liis  energy 
and  persistence,  and  partly  to  the  investment  of 
his  own  capital.  He  is  vice-president  of  the 
road,  and  its  successful  operation  and  its  direct 
benefit  to  Portland  have  vindicated  Mr.  Ueid's 
judgment,  and  in  a  great  measnre  silenced  the 
opposition  it  originally  encountered. 

Mr.  Ueid's  success  in  railroad  projects  caused 
the  citizens  of  Astoria,  in  the  spring  of  1889, 
to  solicit  his  services  to  finance  and  build  the 
Astoria  &  South  Coast  Uailway  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Cohimbia  at  Voung'sbay  to  the  Willam- 
ette valley,  which  the  Oregon  &  California 
Uailroad,  with  a  land  grant,  since  forfeit«d, 
had  failed  to  accomplish  during  the  precc'ting 
eighteen    years.     Knowing    the   opposition    he 


1)1  i 


:!12 


H/STOnr    OF    OHEGON. 


!| 


would  eiicoiititer,  Mr.  lUnd  tor  three  months 
declined  the  task,  but  after  continued  pressure 
from  Astoria,  and  in  person  selecting  his  own 
route  across  the  Coast  Range,  and  ascerlaininu; 
the  location  tiiereof,  of  valnable  beds  of  coal, 
iron,  stone,  cedar  and  tir  timber,  he.  in  July, 
1889,  undertook  the  responsibility  of  financing 
for  and  building  that  road,  and  became  the 
president  of  tlie  company.  In  .Inly,  1890,  he 
had  fifteen  miles  of  the  track  laid  and  twelve 
more  miles.graded,  and  proceeded  to  New  Y'ork 
where  he  obtained  propositions  from  railroad 
ean'^.^lisis  to  supjily  the  necessary  capital  to 
complete  the  construction  of  the  100  miles  (in- 
cluding); the  Seaside  branch)  from  Astoria  to  the 
.-.tjuthern  Pacific  Company's  lines  in  western 
<  •regon.  and  turn  the  road  over,  when  con- 
•tructed,  to  such  New  York  capitalists,  in  con- 
junction with  himself. 

So  much  for  a  bare  and  inadequate  outline  of 
the  career  of  Mr.  Keid.  it  leaves  untold  many, 
very  many,  of  the  directions  in  which  his 
aggressive  energies  have  found  cutlet;  it  gives 
only  a  few  salient  facts  in  a  life  crowded  with 
events  and  crowned  with  rare  success.  Knoigh 
has  been  told  to  prove  that  he  is  a  man  of  in- 
domital>le  will  and  perseverance,  and  a  sagacious 
financier.  His  enterprise  is  proverbial,  and  in 
the  rapid  development  which  has  been  going  on 
in  Oregon  during  the  last  fifteen  years  no  one 
has  contril)Uted  more  to  the  general  prosperity. 
The  large  interests  intrusted  to  him  bespeak  the 
confidence  in  which  lie  is  held,  not  only  as  a 
man  of  integrity  and  honor,  but  as  one  whose 
judgmcmt  can  lie  relied  upon.  He  is  a  man  of 
remiirkable  energy,  and  his  capacity  for  work 
seems  almost  uidimited.  Always  active,  ever 
on  the  move  and  apparently  never  tired,  it  is  a 
wontler  to  his  friends  when  ho  finds  time  for 
needed  rest.  His  main  power  seems  to  lie  in 
the  uncimquerable  spirit  of  perseverance  with 
which  his  plans  are  pursued.  If  one  path  to  a 
desiivd  end  is  closed,  ho  seeks  another,  but  the 
object  on  which  he  has  fixed  his  eye  is  never 
aha.  ^ 'lU'il.  He  extracts  pleasure  out  of  work, 
and  appears  most  happy  when  organizing  the 
business  details  of  some  groat  enterprise,  really 
enjoying  the  task  for  its  very  complexity.  Such, 
in  brief,  are  a  few  of  the  striking  characteristics 
of  this  versatile  man.  who  in  a  coinjiaratively 
few  years  has  become  such  a  power  in  the  in- 
dustrial progress  of  the  Pacific  Northwest. 
With  his  ripe  experience  and  robust  physical 
force  it  is  not  too  much  to  exjject  that  the  fruit 


of  his  labors  in  the  years  to  come  will  add  still 
greater  benefits  to  the  State  and  country  of  his 
adoption  than  have  been  realized  in  the  past. 

Mr.  Reid  was  married  in  I)ecend)er,  1867, 
to  Agnes,  daughter  of  Alexander  Dunbar,  of 
Nairn,  Scotland.  They  have  had  five  children, 
of  whom  two  are  sons  born  in  Scotland,  now 
twenty  and  eighteen  years  old,  and  three  daugh- 
ters born  in  Portland. 

fAPTAIN  SEliASTlAN  E.  MILLER,  a 
widely  known  and  esteemed  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1852,  and  a  life-long  steamboat  captain, 
now  retired  and  living  in  comfort  in  a  beauti- 
ful home  at  (Janemah,  situated  on  the  banks  of 
•^he  Willamette  river,  on  whose  waters  he  has 
spent  80  many  active  years  of  his  life,  was  born 
in  Ohio,  April  15,  1828. 

His  parents  were  David  and  Sarah  E.  (Fonts) 
Miller,  the  former  a  native  of  Kentucky  and 
the  latter  a  Virginian  by  birth.  They  had  ten 
children,  five  still  surviving,  three  sons  and  two 
danghters. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  third  child, 
and  was  raised  in  Ohio,  and  when  grown,  be- 
came a  steamboat  engineer  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  where  he  remained  until  1852,  when  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  On  his  arrival 
at  Oregon  City,  he  accepted  the  position  of  en- 
gineer on  the  Caneinah.  one  of  the  first  little 
steamers  that  plied  on  the  Willamette  river. 
After  seven  years  constant  service  as  an  engi- 
neer, he  was  given  command  of  the  lioats  which 
ran  between  Oregon  City  and  (Jorvallis.  the 
distance  being  later  extended  to  include  Port- 
land and  Astoria.  One  of  these  boats  was  the 
Willamette.  Hy  long  years  of  experience  on 
the  rivers  of  the  Northwest,  the  Captain  became 
one  of  the  best  informed,  most  fearless  and  re- 
liable  steamboat  men  in  Orci^on.  This  was  ex- 
emplitied  in  the  daring  feat  which  he  per- 
formed with  the  steamer  Shoshone,  which  he 
brought  from  Boise  (Jity  down  tht;  Snake  river, 
jumping,  witn  her,  all  the  falls,  and  landing 
her  safely  at  Portland.  The  same  year,  he 
brought  two  steamers  down  from  Thompson 
river  to  Pondrey  lake,  on  which  trip  he  jumped 
several  hazardous  falls,  and  brought  them 
through  in  safety.  The  boats  were  built  at  a 
cost  of  |)robably  near  SJIOO.OOO  each,  and  were 
perfectly  useless  where  they  were,  but  could  l)c 
very    advantageously    used   if   brought    down. 


\'': 


HISTOnr    OF    OREGON. 


:tl!i 


Aceunlini,'ly,  he  was  offered  §5  a  day  for  liis 
time,  if  ho  would  try  hriugiiifj;  fiieii:  down,  and 
he  was  to  have  Sl.OOO  for  ..lie  Siioshoiie  and  a 
pruitortionate  amount  for  tlie  otliers,  if  he  were 
successfiil  in  the  undertaking.  He  had  tiie 
courHi^e  to  undertaivo  the  perilous  enterprise, 
and  tlie  ability  to  succeed. 

The  Captain  was  married  in  February,  1853  to 
^liss  Sarah  Elizabeth  i'ower,anative  ofVirginia. 
and  a  daughter  of  .losiah  Power,  an  honored 
early  settler  of  Oiiio.  Tl.  /  had  two  children, 
Clara  and  Melissa  . I  aiie.  Th(!  former  died  of 
scarlet  fever  in  her  third  vear.  The  latter  is 
now  the  wife  of  Mr.  Georije  Bolton,  and  resides 
in  Kast  Portland. 

The  Captain  has  been  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics, and  takes  a  deep  intert^t  in  the  welfare  of 
his  State  and  the  country. 

lie  ami  his  worthy  wife,  who  has  been  his 
faithful  companion  for  thirty-nine  years,  erected 
their  home  in  Caneinah  twenty-five  years  ago. 
This  is  on  a  slifrbt  elevati  >n,  which  commands 
a  good  view  of  the  river  mid  surrounding  coun- 
try. The  house  is  surrounded  with  a  fine  or- 
chard, which  producers  a'.undance  of  the  finest 
fruit.  Although,  they  have  a  most  charming 
retreat  from  the  cares  i,i  life,  in  which  to  spend 
their  decling  years,  all  of  which  has  been  pro- 
vided by  the  uninterrupted  toil  and  economy  of 
their  younger  days.  Hoth  the  (^i|)tain  and  his 
wife  are  robust  and  apparently  enjoying  the 
best  of  health,  while  they  both  overflow  with 
g(M)d  humor.  Their  uprightness  of  character 
and  unifoi'in  kindness  have  jrained  for  them  the 
universal  er^teem  of  their  fellow-men,  while  the 
tribunals  of  their  own  consciences  acquit  them 
of  any  unkind  motive  or  evil  intention. 

^KNRY  NACIIAM),  a  highly  respected 
pioneer  of  Clackamas  county,  Oregon, 
^/  now  a  prosperous  citizen  of  Park  I'lace, 
was  horn  in  Peoria.  Illinois,  November  7,  1842. 
His  father,  John  Nacliand,  was  boi'ii  in  Bava- 
ria, (ierinany,  in  1811,  ami  grew  to  manhood  in 
his  native  country.  In  lS,3t),  he  emigrated  to 
New  York,  and  resided  variously  in  Oliio,  New 
Orleans  and  Indiana,  working  at  the  wagon- 
maker's  and  carpenter  trade.  In  1837,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Catharine  Sliafcr,  a  native  of  Alsace, 
(Terinany,  to  whom,  in  Illinois,  W(>re  born  one 
child,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  In  thespring 
of  1847,  the  father,  with  his  wife  and  little  sou. 


the  latter  in  his  fifth    year,  started    across  the 
plains  to  Oregon.     They   traveled  in  a  covered 
wagon,  with   three  yoke  of  o.xeii  and    one  yoke 
of  cows,  the  latter  of  which  wore  utilized  in  the 
double  capacity  of  a  team  and  to  provide  noiir- 
islimont  for    the  family.     They  came    with     a 
largo  company,  and,  aside   from  being  annoyed 
by  the  Indians,  who   tried  to   steal  their  cattle, 
they   had  a  safe    journey.     Arrivintr  at    their 
destination,  in  November,  the  fa''  ,    settled  on 
a  portion  of  the  straight  doiiatiou  cldi'n,  located 
on  the  banks  of  the  Willamette  ri  .-t.i-,  a    mile 
and  a  half  below    Oregon    City.      On  this  l,e 
built  a    log    cabin,  and  commenced  to  work  at 
his  trade.      As  time  passed,  and   his  means   al- 
lowed,   he  added  to  his  land,  and    engaged   in 
the  production  of  vegetables  of  all  kinds,  later, 
adiling  the  production  of  fruit  to  his  other  en- 
terprises, for  all  of  which  he  found  a  read}'  and 
remunerative    market  in    Portland  aii<l    Oregon 
City  and  in    San  Francisco.      In  184y   the  gold 
excitement   took   them    by    land    to  C'alifornia, 
where  he   worked  in  the  mines  for  a  short  time, 
and    in    1850.  he  was  at  work    at   his  trade  in 
that  State,  at  Sacramento,  when  the  great  flood 
of  that  year  drove    them  out  of  that  city   into 
the  country.     On  September  9,  1849,  in  Sacra- 
mento, their  daughter    Mary  was   born,  who   is 
now   the  wife   of   Mr.  Theodore    Himmler,  and 
resides  on  her  father's  old  homesiead,  which    is 
a    beautiful  place,    surrounded   with    the  large 
and  productive  fruit  trees,  which  were    planted 
by  the  industrious  pioneer  of  1847.      In    1852, 
the  family   retiiriUMl    by   sea  to  Oregon,  where 
the  father   resumedJiis   former  occupation,  be- 
ing greatly  pr    -pered   in  his  undertaking,  and 
acciimulat'iir  an  ample  fortune  for  himself  and 
family.      Ii    July,   1885,  this    truly  good    man 
died,    aged    seventy-five  years.      He    was    ex- 
tremely popular    with   his  neighbors   and  with 
all  who  knew  him.  because  of    his  (piiet.  indus- 
trious and  kindly  ways,  and  his  death  was    uni- 
versally lamented.      His   worthy  wife   survived 
him  but  two  years,  as  if,  after  a  companionship 
of   so   many  years,  she   couhl   not   survive    his 
loss.     She    expii-ed   in     August,   1887,  in     her 
eightieth  year,  sincerely  mourned  by  her  family 
and  friends,  to  whom  she  had  (Mideared    herself 
by  the  practice  of    all  (christian  virtues,  height- 
ened  by    the  natural    expression  of    a    loving 
heart. 

Their  son  Henry,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
was  raised  on  their  fruit  ^arm,  and  attended 
the   Oregon   City   eciiools,  and,  sine;   uttaining 


^^^ 


814 


HISTORY    OP    ORKOON. 


i  ■  w. 


!    I 


"i 


I 


manhood,  has  iiiiule  t'niit  culture  his    business. 

Oil  Deceinlter  1,  1871,  he  was  married  to 
Mrs.  Lucinda  Catidel,  a  iii<rlil,y  estiiiialile  lady, 
and  tlie  widow  of  Mr.  Frank  Candel.  Her 
maiden  name  was  I'erkins.  Tliey  had  three 
children;  Henry  Hdward,  Ralph  VV.,  and  May 
Isaliell.  Their  happy  married  life,  however, 
was  destined  to  he  of  short  duration,  for  on 
July  -4,  1880,  the  yoniii;  mother  and  her  six- 
teeii-nionths-old  hahy  dauj^hter  lioth  died,  leav- 
ing the  husliand  and  father  truly  bereft.  He 
has  since  devote<l  his  life  to  his  surviving 
children,  who,  by  their  natural  intelligence  and 
activity,  bid  fair  to  reflect  credit  on  their  father 
and  their  State. 

He  is  a  Democrat  in  his  political  views,  and 
takes  an  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  county 
and  State.  He  has  served  on  the  Schoo'  I'oard 
in  his  native  town.  discharu;ing  his  duties  in 
that  capacity  with  ability  and  integrity. 

His  whole  life  has  been  spent  in  Oregon, 
and  he  is  thoroughly  wedded  to  her  cause,  his 
faith  in  her  marvelous  develo|)ment  and  future 
great  destiny  being  most  implicit,  which  prog- 
nostications she  bids  fair  to  amply  realize. 

E.  V,  O  H  A  N  N  O  X,  a  prominent  ami 
prosperous  farmer,  residing  near  (\)r- 
I*  vallis,  was  born  in  Clark  county,  Ken- 
tucky, September  8,  1831.  Ho  is  the  second 
child  in  a  family  of  eleven  children  born  to 
Charles  and  Vashti  (Kdwards)  BohaMnon.  The 
family  removed  to  Missouri,  in  1838,  first  locat- 
ing in  .Johnson  county,  and  a  few  years  later 
removed  to  I'ettis  county,  same  State,  where 
our  subject  was  reared  and  educated.  He  was 
reared  to  farm  life  and  has  always  followed  that 
occii|)ati()n. 

In  1852  our  subject,  who  had  resided  in  Nlis- 
souri  until  that  time  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore 
goii,  locating  in  Henton  county,  where  he  has 
resided  for  forty  years  upon  the  farm  he  now 
occupies.  His  presenthome  is  located  tivemiles 
southwest  of  tile  city  of  Corvallis,  and  consists 
of  312  acres  of  land,  about  one  half  of  which  is 
in  a  tine  state  of  cultivation,  grain  being  the 
principal  product.  The  other  half  is  devoted  to 
grazing  and  pasture. 

Mr.  I'ohannon  was  married,  in  I'enton  county, 
in  April  lit.  18(i(),  to  Miss  Mahalah  Newton,  a 
native  of  I<jwa,  whose  parents  came  to   Oregon 


in  1848.  These  two  are  the  parents  of  five 
chiliiren,  namely:  Theodore,  Clara,  Laura,  Uu- 
fus  and  Charles.  Mr.  Uohannon  is  a  stanch  ad- 
vocate of  the  educational  system  and  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  school  matters,  being 
a  member  of  the  School  iSoanl  for  several  years. 
He  is  a  man  of  honorable  and  upright  principles 
and  one  who  has  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the 
entire  community. 


^^^^®»^§^«-0•*- 


[UNEST  HICKS,  proprietor  of  the  Ashland 
Soda  Works,  was  born  at  Enterprise,  In- 
diana, February  1<),  18()2,  a  son  of  John 
M.  and  Louisa  (J.  (Trunper)  Hicks,  luitives  of 
Ohio,  and  of  (ierman  descent.  Their  ancestors 
came  to  America  before  the  Revolutionary  war. 
The  mother  died  in  188'?,  and  the  father  now 
resides  in  Ashland,  Oregon.  The  family  in  1870, 
moved  to  Fernandina,  Florida,  and  two  years 
later  to  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 

Ernest  Hicks  attended  the  ])ublic  schools  of 
that  city  for  a  time,  ai.d  then  ent('red  Hamlin 
University,  where  he  completed  his  studies  in 
1882.  In  that  year  he  found  employment  as  a 
clerk,  ami  also  worked  at  the  painter's  trade.  In 
1883  ho  came  to  Eugene,  Oregon,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  the  same  occupations,  until  1888,  and 
in  that  year  permanently  located  at  Ashhind. 
Mr.  Hicks  purcha^^ed  the  Ashland  Soda  Works 
of  Parkinson  iV  Walker,  in  August,  181)1,  and 
since  that  time  has  manufactured  all  the  tem- 
perance drinks  usually  prepared  in  works  of  that 
character,  such  as  lemon  soda,  sarsapurilla,  gin- 
ger ale,  orange,  iron,  etc.  In  addition  to  this, 
he  makes  a  specialty  and  has  a  large  sale  for  the 
famous  Siskiyou  Xatnral  Mineral  Water,  having 
secured  theexclusive  right  to  use  the  water  from 
the  springs,  which  are  located  in  the  mountains, 
about  ten  miles  south  of  .\8liland.  The  analyti- 
cal contents  of  one  gallon  is  as  follows:  alumina, 
!),2()4  jrrains;  boracic  a(Md,!l,17r);  calcium  carbon  • 
ate.  21.1281;  sodium  chloride,  30.(')80o;  carbon- 
ate of  iron,  2.5517;  silicic  acid,  3.y4()l;  titanic 
acid,  1.5443;  carbomite  magnesia,  78.8788;  and 
bicarbonate  soda,  24.084.  Total  amount  of  car- 
bonic acid  gas  free  atu]  combined  eijual,  58.4788 
grains  per  gallon.  The  works  are  hicated  near 
the  railroad  depot,  from  which  Mr.  Hicks  s;ip- 
|)linB  the  trade  as  far  north  as  Portland,  anil  south 
to  llornbrook,  {California,  also  furnishing  the 
local    trade  including  Rooeburg,  (irant's    Pass 


HfSroRT    OF    OHEOON. 


315 


and  ether  surrounding  towns.  His  trade  is  good 
at  all  times,  bnt  it  inci'eusea  as  flie  teason  be- 
comes warmer.  In  addition  to  these  interests 
Mr.  Hicks  is  eii^iiged  in  triiit  cnlture,  owning  a 
small  orchard  near  the  city,  which  consists  prin- 
cipally ot  peach  trees.  The  orchard  is  four  years 
old,  the  trees  are  all  in  a  liealthy  condition  and 
.  gives  good  returns,  and  he  sells  to  the  local 
trade  and  also  ships  to  Portland. 

Our  subject  was  inari-ied  at  Jacksonville,  Oc- 
tober 25,  1888.  to  Miss  Eliza  Severn,  a  native 
of  Oregon.     They  have  one  child,  Howard  M. 


iyt" 


m 


>PniA  LUCINDA  DIMIOK.  the  able 
assistant  principal  of  the  Purk  School, 
Portland,  Oregon,  a  highly  ed\icated  lady 
and  a  superior  instructor,  wtis  born  in  De  Kalb, 
Illiiio  s. 

The  family  is  originally  of  English  ancestry, 
Init  for  many  generations  have  been  residents  of 
the  United  States.  Her  grandfather,  Solomon 
Diniick,  was  a  pioneer  of  <)liio,  when  her  father 
M.  H.  Dimick,  was  an  infant,  and  where  he 
afterward  married  Miss  Eleanor  Ennis,  also  a 
native  of  New  York,  whose  people  also  came  to 
that  country  in  an  early  day. 

After  their  marriage,  the  young  couple  moved 
to  Illinois,  which  was  then  a  fnintier  State. 
From  there  they  removed  to  Oregon,  in  18(52, 
lirst  locating  in  Salem  and  in  1868  coming  to 
Portland,  wliere  they  now  reside.  Mr.  Dimick 
is  a  veterinary  surgeon,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  the  livery  busines-s. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
Oregon,  lirst  at  Salem  and  later  in  Portland, 
where  she  graduated,  at  St.  Mary's  Academy,  in 
187i3,  and  iti  May  of  the  following  year  com- 
menced teaching.  Since  then  she  has  the  re- 
nuirkalile  record  of  having  taught  continuously 
for  eighteen  years,  during  which  time  she  has 
lost  but  two  school  iuo!iths,  in  which  particular 
she  iiutranks  all  the  other  teachers  except  Sui)er- 
intendent  I.  W.  Pratt,  whose  '■  'inection  with 
the  school  dates  prior  to  her  ov    . 

The  Portland  schools  require  that  a  teacher 
shall  have  some  previous  exjierience  in  instruct- 
ing before  he  or  she  can  be  eligible  to  a  posi- 
tion in  her  e.\cellent  schools;  hence  Miss  Dim- 
ick first  taught  for  three  months  in  a  country 
district,  ten  miles  east  of  J\)rtlaiid.  She  then 
began  at  the  foot  of  the   education   ladder,  by 


teaching  the  infant  class  in  the  Harrison  street 
school,  where  she  remained  for  a  year.  She  was 
then  deservedly  promoted  each  succeeding  year 
for  six  years,  when  she  taught  the  grammar  de- 
partment in  the  old  Central  school.  In  1885, 
she  came  to  the  Park  School,  wliere  she  has 
since  taught,  having  held  the  position  of  as- 
sistant principal  for  the  last  five  years.  She 
has  made  school  work  and  educational  nnittera 
her  life  study,  and  has  been  very  successful. 
She  takes  ati  active  part  in  school  institute 
work,  both  in  the  country  and  State,  and  every- 
where does  what  she  can  to  advance  the  inter- 
ests and  increase  the  power  of  the  public  schools 
of  Oregon. 

The  school  board  of  Portland  are  to  be  con- 
gratulated on  the  highly  educated,  talented  and 
experienced  force  of  teachers  they  have  placed 
in  charge  of  their  public  schools,  among  whom 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  ranks  high,  and  de- 
servedly enjoys  tl:  contidence  and  esteem  of 
all.  Of  superior  education,  rare  natural  ability, 
great  energy  and  of  a  progressive  disposition, 
she  is  higli'  competont  to  till  any  eiliicational 
position  i         •  State. 

Miss  Diuii-  k  has  been  President  of  St, 
Mary's  Alumnae  AHsociati^n  sinci'  its  organiza- 
tion in  1884.  In  religioii  views  she  is  liberal, 
as  becomes  an  American  of  <idarge<l  experience 
and  broad  education,  and  is  ,  worthy  meiioer 
of  the  First  Unitarian  Church  of  i'ortland. 

So  many  walks  of  life  are  douiinated  by  poli- 
tics and  the  sterner  sex  that  it  is  with  iileasure 
we  note  the  example  set  by  the  beauiifiil  me- 
tropolis of  the  magnificent  commciM'altli  of 
Oregon,  which  delights  to  reward  merit,  where- 
ever  found. 


^AURISON  P.  OATMAN,  one  of  Oregon's 
M\  resjiected  pioneers,  came  to  the  State  in 
^  1853.  lie  was  born  in  Cortland,  Xew 
York,  February  2(3,  1820.  His  parents,  Harry 
B.  and  Matilda  (Knapp)  Oatinan,  removed  to 
Ohio,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  raised 
until  his  twelfth  year.  He  then  went  to  Rock- 
ford  and  was  married  there  to  iiUcinda  K.  Ross, 
in  1847.  She  was  a  native  of  Orleans  county. 
New  York,  and  the  daughter  of  Nathan  K.  and 
Lucy  (Brainan)  Ross.  When  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Oat- 
man  came  to  Oregon  they  settled  first  in  .fack- 
son  county,  on  a  donation  claim.     Their   house 


31(1 


HISTORY    OF    ORKGON. 


was  contrived  out  of  tlie  wacjoii  cover  with  which 
they  had  crossed  tiio  plains,  and  it  was  in  tliese 
wilds  that  tiiey  lived.  Their  nearest  neighhor 
wasovera  mile  ott'.  When  the  Kogiie  river  Indian 
war  br(il<eoiit,  Mr.  Oatniaii  enlisted  in  Company 
1,  First  Oregon  Infantry,  and  was  stationed  at 
Fort  Klamath.  He  was  .Made  Fir.,t  Lieuteinint 
at  the  close  of  the  war  and  was  mustered  out. 
After  he  had  spent  several  years  at  the  mines  he 
located  a  mile  soiitli  of  I'litjenix,  in  Jackson 
county.  He  took  out  considerahle  gold  from 
what  was  called  the  Forty-ninth  claim.  In  the 
fall  of  1807  lie  sold  it  and  came  to  Fori'andand 
engaged  in  the  retail  grocery  trade,  on  tlio  cor- 
ner of  First  and  Main  streets.  After  live  suo- 
cessful  years  of  business  he  sold  out  and  em- 
barked in  the  real  estate  business  on  his  own 
account.  The  constant  increase  in  the  value  of 
land  in  Portland  and  vicinity  crowned  his  ef- 
forts with  success  and  resul'  'd  in  his  anias  ing 
a  large  amount  of  properly.  He  purchased  a 
farm  three  and  one-iialf  miles  southeast  of  the 
center  of  the  city  of  Portland  atid  built  a  house 
u]H>n  it  in  1877.  He  cleared  up  the  land  and 
one  of  the  railroads  runs  through  the  property. 
He  has  enlarged  and  rebuilt  the  residence,  and 
now  have  a  beautiful  home  and  tlu'land  is  valued 
at  ,*!  1,500  an  acre.  Seventeen  \  -s  ago  it  cost 
S'20  an  acre.  Mr.  Oatman  has  a  large  amount 
of  city  property. 

They  have  four  childrcii:  .lames  Harvey,  inar- 
rieil  to  Friscilla  Dollarhide,  of  Iowa,  and  have 
six  children.  The  other  children  are,  Charles, 
John  It,  and  Lucena,  now  the  wife  of  (!.  W. 
Kern. 

Mr.  Oatman  is  a  member  of  the  (i.  A.  li.  and 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  In  [Kilitics  he  is  a 
Re{)ublican.  At  the  time  of  writing  this  article 
Mr.  Oatman  was  in  poor  health  ami  most  of  the 
nniterial  for  the  article  was  given  by  his  sou 
James  Harvey.  Mr.  Oatman  is  a  good  man.  a 
worthy  pioneer,  and  his  nniny  friends  wisli  him 
a  speedy  recovery. 


^LONZO  PHILANDER  MEAD,  one  of  the 

investors  in  ami  builders  of  that  beautiful 
portion  of  Portland,  known  as  Mount  Ta- 
bor, is  a  native  of  Hickville,  Oakland  county, 
Michigan,  born  on  July  Ki,  18;J8.  when  thegreat 
State  ol  Michigan  had  just  been  admitteil  into 
the  Union.  He  is  the  son  of  Jabus  Mead  of 
New  York.     Their  family  origimited  in  Wales, 


but  settled  in  America  previous  to  the  Revolu- 
tion. Mr.  Jabus  Mead  married  Caroline  Curtis, 
whose  people  came  from  England  and  were  early 
settlers  of  New  ^'ork.  They  hail  nine  chiloren 
of  whom  five  are  still  living.  Our  subject  was 
twelve  years  of  age  when  his  parents  removed  to 
Saginaw,  Michigan,  where  he  was  educated.  He 
was  then  engaged  in  milling.  He  removed  to 
Cleveland.  Ohio,  and  was  in  the  lumber  and 
planing  mill  business  for  three  years.  From 
there  he  went  to  Hulfalo,  .\ew  York,  and  was 
engaged  there  with  a  large  Hrm.  Here  he  built 
two  large  planing  mills,  one  on  Ganson  street  in 
company  with  W.  R.  Hurt,  of  East  Saginaw,  and 
one  on  the  Tefft  farm.  The  latter  tirm  was  the 
liuffalo  Planing  Mill  Company.  This  mill  cost 
!J50,000.  Mr.  Mead  spent  thirty-seven  years  of 
his  lile  in  the  business  and  met  with  satisfiictory 
success.  l}(H',ause  of  his  wife's  health  he  came  to 
Portland  and  purchased  lainl  at  Sunnyside  and 
Mount  Tabor,  where  he  has  interested  himself  in 
the  improvement  of  this  part  of  the  city.  He  has 
built  a  Hue  residence,  several  buildings  for  rent, 
both  stores  and  other  houses,  and  he  and  his  wife 
are  taking  a  deep  interost  in  the  up-building  of 
religious  institutions  in  this  region.  In  1861 
he  was  niarrieil  to  Miss  Amelia  Johnson,  of 
Canada,  daughter  of  Squire  Moses  .lohnson,  a 
descendant  of  SaiiHud  Johnson  of  England,  our 
great  historian.  Ihey  have  had  two  adopted 
daughters,  both  xww  dead.  One  they  raised  to 
maturity  and  she  married,  but  lately  died,  which 
has  been  a  groat  grief  to  Mr.  and  ^[r.s.  .Mead. 
They  are  members  of  the  First  IJuptist  Church 
of  Portland.  Oregon,  and  have  been  lite-long 
Re|)ubl leans.  They  are  excellent  people  and 
are  doing  nnndi  good. 


IlilpIl.LIAM  J.  PATTERSON,  one  of  the 
'  \jX\\  leading  citizens  of  Raker  City,  was  born 
■— ;;,Tri  in  Manorville,  Pennsylva?iia,  June  5. 
18(50.  and  is  the  oldest  son  of  William  M.  aim 
S.  Emiline  Patterson.  The  father  was  born  in 
the  same  county.  September  15.  183S.  and  was 
married  to  .Miss  Emiline  Staley  in  1858,  who 
was  born,  .lanmiry  22.  1841.  Four  children 
Were  born  to  them,  namely:  Roberts.,  (Miarles 
H.,  William  .1.  ami  (-Jeorge  H.,  the  latter  of 
whom  is  now  in  I'ittsburg.  Pennsylvania,  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  wago?is,  following 
the  occupation  of  his  father  before  him. 


I    ; 


HISTORY    OP    OREOON. 


317 


When  our  subject  was  thirteen  and  one-half 
years  of  age  he  went  to  I'ittshiirg  to  learn 
I'resco  paintiiiif.  After  servinir  an  apprentice- 
iiiip  of  tive  years  lie  went  to  New  Orleans  and 
started  a  paint  and  wall-pipur  store,  which  he 
carried  on  for  eighteen  months.  He  then 
traveled  back  to  Pittsburg,  next  to  New  l)r- 
leane,  and  then  on  to  California,  iiaving  iniliibed 
the  California  fever,  first  disposing  of  his  prop- 
erty in  New  Orleans.  In  18S3  he  landed  in  San 
Francisco  where  he  secured  ,'i  position  as  a  clerk 
in  a  wall-paper  and  paint  store,  in  which  he  re- 
mained for  two  years.  In  1885  he  came  to 
Baker  City,  Oregon,  and  started  a  paper  and 
paint  store.  In  about  si.\  months  he  went  into 
the  undertaking  and  furniture  business,  in 
partnership  witli  Uichanl  Woods,  under  the 
tiriri  name  of  I'atterson,  Woods  &  Company. 
This  Krm  is  doing  a  very  large  and  prosper(ui8 
business  of  from  !?35,00()  to  sgiO.OUO  per  year. 
Although  Mr.  I'atterson  is  yet  a  young  man  he 
lias  shown  his  business,  ability  in  a  marked  de- 
gree, lie  is  a  practical  undertaker  and  eiubalmer, 
liavinggrailuated  in  St.  Louis  School  of  Embalin- 
inif  in  1890.  In  spite  of  the  difficulties  he  en- 
countered  in  starting  in  his  new  western  home  he 
finally  has  come  out  conqueror.  He  owns  his  own 
residence,  and  the  firm  own  their  business  house 
on  Main  street,  30x100  feet,  in  which  they 
carry  a  large  stock  of  furniture  and  undertak- 
ing goods  and  are  considered  one  of  the  leading 
firms  of  the  city.  April  28,  1892,  the  firm  of 
Patterson,  Woods  &  Co.  dissolved  partnership, 
Air.  Woods  retiring,  and  the  firm  changed  to 
Patterson  &  Company,  with  W.  J.  Patterson 
and  I''.  W.  Eppinger  as  partners. 

Mr.  Patterson  married  Miss  Clara  Eppinger 
on  January  17.  1889.  Mrs.  Patterson  was  born 
at  Dallas,  Oregon,  May  10,  1806.  Her  father, 
John  Eppinger,  and  mother,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Ep 

f linger,  were  natives  of  Germany.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
'atterson  have  a  son,  J.  William,  Jr.,  burn  May 
10,  1890.  They  are  members  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  and  Mr.  Patterson  is  an  active  inemi)er 
of  the  order  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  been  connected 
witii  Lodge  No.  25,  Baker  City,f'or  over  ten  years. 
Mr.  Patterson  was  elected  Coroner  of  the  county 
and  is  now  completing  his  first  term.  He  is  a 
live,  rustling  business  man  and  is  always  among 
the  first  in  enterprise  to  push  the  city  into 
prominence  in  Maker  county.  Mr.  Patterson  is 
very  popular,  and  richly  deserves  the  prosperity 
that  he  novv  enjoys. 


ao 


i.^iy7/^/" 


-'^/r/iy^^ 


APTAIN  (JEOUGE  W.  TAYLOR,  Cap- 

tain  of  the  steamer  Salem,  and  a  jiioneer 
of   Oregon,  long  connected  with  the  navi- 
gation of  the  Willamette  and  (Columbia  rivers, 
is  a   native  of    Missouri,  born   March  5,  1831. 
His    father,   William  Taylor,  was  a    native  of 
Fleming  county,  Kentucky,  and  his  people  were 
early  settlers  of   that  State.     He  married  Mary 
Turnwalt,  of  Missouri.      Her  father  was  a  native 
of  Georgia,  and  her  mother  of  Kentucky.     They 
raised  tour  of  their  sons  to  manhood,  and  three 
are  now  living;  two  reside  in    Iowa.     The  (,'ap- 
tain  was  taken  to    Iowa  when  a  child,  and  from 
there  to   Van  Uiiren  county,  Illinois,  and  there 
he  was  raised   on   a  farm   and   attended  school 
during    the    three    winter    months.      In    1852, 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  started  on  the 
perilous  journey  across  the  plains  with  ox  teams. 
There  was  a  company  of  thirty  wagons,  and  their 
journey  was  full  of  incidents  common  to  a  2,000- 
mile  drive  with  oxen.     Four  of    the  company 
died  with  cholera,  and  the    Indians  gave  them 
some  trouble  by  trying  to  steal   the  cattle,  but 
they  succeeded  in  getting  through,  and  they  ar- 
rived at  Portland    in   October.      He   worked  at 
saw-milling  at  Oregon  City,  and  farming  and 
mining,  trying  all  the  ways  the  pioneers  had  of 
getting  a  living  and  making  money.     Later   he 
teamed    between  the    Dalles    and    Clearwater. 
In  1802  he  came  to  Portland  and  purchased  the 
steamer  St.  Claire.     She  was  above  the  Oregon 
City  falls,  anil  he  took   the   risk  of  having  her 
run    over  the    falls  at  high  water.     The  little 
steamer  made  the  run  in  safety,  with   none  but 
her  captain  and  engineer  on    board.      He   then 
ran  her  on  the  Willamette  and  Columbia,  car- 
rying freight  and  lumber.      In  1861  he  ran  the 
E.  D.  Baker  from  Portland  to  the  Cascades.    In 
the  spring  of  1865  he  went  to  the    Burnt  river 
mines  and  engaged  in  placer  mining  with  only 
moderate  success.     In  the  spring  of    1800  he 
engaged  in   the   d raying  business  at   Portland, 
and   he  followed  this  business  successfully  for 
six  years.      In    1872  he  jiurchased  the  C!omino- 
dore  Perry,  a  propeller,  and  used  her  for  towing 
from  Astoria  to  Portland,  and  to  the  Cascades. 
He  used  this  boat  for  six  years  and   wore  her 
out.    This  business  was  a  very  paying  one.    He 
then  built  the  tug  Oswego.      He  also  had  barges 
built  and   did  (juite  a  large  business.     Captain 
Taylor  still  owns  the  boat,  and  in  18S9  purchased 
the  steamer  Salem,  and  is  running  her    during 
towing  service. 

In  1851  (yaptain  Taylor  was  married  to  Mary 


:•:.  i 


iUH 


HTSTORT    OF    OREGON. 


Wlietftoiie,  of  Oliio,  and  they  croBBed  tlm  plains 
to  Ori'i^on  tiiijetlier.  Tlicy  reared  five  cliildrun, 
nnil  tlii'v  are  all  mnrrit'd  and  ief<i(li' in  I'ortlanil. 
Tlic  nanit's  are:  William  W^.  Mrs.  Mary  Knen, 
^Irsi.  Elizabeth  Kernan.  Mrg.  (ieorgiana  Thoin|)- 
Bon  and  Tarplcy  Early.  In  lS85  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Mrs.  Mary  .lane  Riley.  Captain  Taylor 
pni'clias-ed  tieveral  years  ajjo  a  half  block  of  land 
on  the  corner  of  Alder  and  Tentli  streets.  It 
was  then  out  of  town,  now  it  is  in  tiie  heart  of 
the  city.  He  has  bnilt  five  houses  upon  it  and 
resides  in  one  of  them.  It  is  a  very  comforta- 
ble home,  No.  235  Alder  street,  lie  also  has 
other  lioiises  on  Alder  and  Luwns.lale  streets, 
and  real  estate  in  other  parts  of  the  State.  The 
Captain  is  a  life- long  Democrat,  but  he  lias 
nev(!r  sought  or  accepted  offices.  He  is  a  jjeiiial, 
])1easant  man,  and  lias  many  friends  among 
the  pioneers  of  Oregon,  by  whom  he  hatv  been 
known  for  forty  years. 


-^^ 


^ 


fQUIRE  S.  WHITMAN,  an  honored  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  1860,  ii(M\  (lei'euM'il,  was 
born  in  Hart  county,  Kentucky,  May  1. 
1818.  His  ancestry  was  English,  his  grand- 
father, Thomas  Whitman,  having  been  born  in 
London,  England,  and  came  to  America,  where 
he  settled  in  Kentucky.  He  married  Christina 
Brunk,  and  a  son,  Christopher,  was  born  to  them 
in  Kentucky,  and  afterward  became  the  father 
of  our  subject.  His  father  married  Miss  Mar- 
tha Lucas,  a  native  of  Hart  county,  Kentucky, 
and  seven  children  were  born  to  them,  of  wlioni 
our  subject  was  the  second. 

Scpiire  Whitman  was  reared  in  Hart  county 
until  thirteen,  when  the  family  removed  to  Illi- 
nois and  settled  in  Macon  county,  and  here  the 
fatlier  dieil,  in  1831.  The  mother,  however, 
lived  to  be  ninety-two  years  of  age,  and  died  in 
Warren  county,  at  the  iioinc  of  her  youngest 
son,  .John  Whitman. 

Mr.  Whitman,  our  subject,  was  married  Feb- 
ruary 20.  1838,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Davidson,  a 
native  of  Barren  county,  Kentucky,  born  May 
29,  1823,  daughter  of  Elijali  and  Margaret 
(Miir|)hy)  Davidson.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whitman 
remained  in  Illinois  until  the  birth  of  their 
fifth  child,  when  they  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, in  1850.  They  started  with  ox  teams 
early  in  March  and  stopped  at  the  Missouri 
river   to    wait  until    the   grass  began  to  grow. 


The  journey  was  a  favorable  one,  and  they 
crossed  the  Cascades,  August  30,  making  wdiat 
was  considered  one  of  the  ([uickest  trips  with 
oxen.  The  entire  jiarty,  consisting  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Whitman  and  family,  Mr.  Tliomas  i.ncas 
and  family,  Mr.  Elijah  Davidson,  !Sr.,  and 
family,  Elijah  Davidson,  Jr.,  and  family,  Mr. 
Cohhorn  and  family,  Elijah  Uutler  and  family, 
and  four  wagon  loads  of  men  bound  for  the 
mines,  kept  well  and  met  with  good  luck. 

On  the  last  day  of  Noveml)er  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Whitman  located  on  a  donation  claim  of  t)40 
acres,  situated  on  the  present  site  of  Monmouth. 
The  State  Normal  School  occupies  a  [Ktrtion  of 
the  land,  as  Mr.  Whitman  contributed  2(R) acres 
to  aid  in  founding  that  institution.  Inaddition 
to  his  generous  contribution  to  the  Normal  Col- 
lege, Mr.  Whitman  was  largely  instrumental  in 
the  founding  of  the  Christian  College,  in  which 
he  took  a  great  interest,  as  he  an<l  his  wife  were 
members  of  the  church  of  that  name.  So  use- 
ful did  Mr.  Whitman  become  in  this  work  that 
he  was  made  one  of  the  first  Trustees,  and  all 
his  life  took  a  deep  interest  in  all  the  fortunes 
of  that  nndertuking. 

Mr.  Whiti.  II  built  tlie  little  log  cabin  of  the 
pioneer  on  his  land.  He  had  very  little  of  this 
world's  goods  to  place  within  its  doors,  l)ut  ho 
and  his  faithful  wife  labored  and  toiled,  working 
with  what  they  had,  and  reared  their  family  to 
maturity  on  the  farm,  and  here  the  revered 
widow  resides.  In  addition  to  his  occupation 
as  a  farmer,  Mr.  Whitman  was  a  blacksniitli,  and 
carried  on  his  vocation  in  a  little  shop  of  his 
own  building.  This  was  the  first  smithy  in  the 
county,  and  here  Mr.  Whitman  made  tlie  plows 
and  other  agricidtural  implements  required  by 
the  farmers  in  his  portion  of  the  county.  In 
this  way  Mr.  Whitman  contributed  largely  to 
the  growth  and  development  of  his  county. 

The  death  of  our  subject  occurred  May  22, 
1892,  when  he  was  seventy-four  years  of  nge. 
The  immediate  cause  of  his  decease  was  heart 
failure.  Mr,  Whitman  was  an  upright  man,  a 
good  neighbor, and  a  devoted  husband  anil  father. 
He  platted  and  sold  a  portion  of  his  original 
claim,  leaving  about  200  acres  to  his  widow. 

In  addition  to  the  five  children  born  in  Illi- 
nois, four  were  added  to  the  family  after  reach- 
ing Ofcgon.  The  following  is  a  brief  account 
f)f  the  family:  The  oldest  child,  Mary  A.,  mar- 
ried Mr.  John  H.  Murphy,  who  died,  and  she 
thou  mairied  Mr.  (/liarles  Wood,  reared  a  family 
of  five  children,  and  died   February    2,    1870; 


UISTOlir    OF    OREGON. 


;ii!) 


In 


Joliii,  the  next  child,  iliefl  in  iiis  forty-fonrtii 
year;  William  A.,  resides  in  eastern  Oregon; 
Martiia  J.  became  the  wife  of  Mr.  James  Mur- 

ijiiy,  and  resides  in  the  State  of  Washington; 
Harj;aret,  married  Mr.  Niciiulas  (Jlark  and  re- 
sides in  (jalifomia;  Ilezokiah  D.,  the  first  child 
born  ill  Oregon,  now  resides  in  eastern  Ore;5on; 
Cliristopher  (J.,  died  in  his  thirty-second  year, 
was  married  and  left  a  widow  and  one  cliild; 
llulda  A.,  now  resides  in  Monmouth,  and  Eli- 
jah A.,  resides  in  Washington.  In  addition  to 
roaring  these  children,  Mr.  Wiiitmaii,  our  sub- 
ject, reared  those  of  his  oldest  dauj^hter. 

Mrs.  Whitman  was  one  of  the  worthy,  kind- 
hearted  and  benevolent  pioneers  of  Oregon,  and 
for  many  years  gave  valuable  aid  to  the  early 
settlers  by  administering  to  their  wants  and 
caring  for  them  when  they  were  sick.  For  these 
many  acts  of  kindness  she  is  greatly  beloved. 
Although  quite  advanced  in  years,  Mrs.  Whit- 
man retains  her  faculties,  and  is  a  good  repre- 
sentative of  the  brave  women  who  crossed  the 
plains  in  1850. 


)RS.  ELIZABETH  ELLIOTT,  proprie- 
tress of  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
productive  farms  of  Renton  county, 
near  (Jorvallis,  is  a  lady  of  culture  and  retine- 
tnent  and  superior  executive  ability.  She  is  one 
of  the  few  living  pioneer  ladies  who  came  to  the 
Willamette  valley  when  the  population  was 
largely  of  the  native  Indians,  few  whites  hav-^ 
ing  penetrated  to  that  place  at  that  time.  She  is 
one  of  the  few  ladies  who,  can  justly  claim  the 
proud  distinction  of  witnessing  the  marvelous 
growth  and  development  of  this,  one  of  the  most 
liistin-ical  sections  of  the  Pacific  coast. 

Mrs.    Elliott,  whose    maiden    name  was  Ste- 

Chens.  was  born  in  Indiana,  and  removed  with 
er  parents,  when  a  child,  to  Hancock  county, 
Illinois.  Two  years  later  her  parents  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  first  locating  in  Clacka- 
mas county,  in  1845,  and  afterward  removing 
to  Portland. 

■  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  to 
womanhood  in  Washington  county,  and  was 
married  in  Pacific  county,  Washington,  in  1852, 
to  William  II.  Elliott — the  first  white  couple 
in  that  county.  Mr.  Elliott  was  a  native  of 
Maryland  and  came  to  Oregon  in  1849.  He  was 
I   brick  mason,  but  after  his   marriage,  turned 


his  attention  to  farming,  which  he  followed 
until  his  death,  on  Octolier  2(5,  1881. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Elliott  had  six  children:  Will- 
iam E.,  Marian  U.,  Elda  J.,  Frederick  F., 
Ernest,  and  Nat  II. 

Mrs.  Elliott's  farm  is  localed  about  four  miles 
north  of  (/orvallis,  and  consists  of  920  acres, 
forty-six  of  which  is  pasture  and  grazing  land, 
the  balance  being  devoted  to  general  farming 
and  stock-raising,  besides  four  acres  of  orchard, 
of  a  variety  of  fniit-bearing  trees.  Hesides  this 
valuable  property,  Mrs.  Elliott  owns  a  numlier 
of  desirable  lots  in  Oorvallis.  Her  sons  assist 
her  in  conducting  the  farm,  but  the  neat  and 
comfortable  appointments  of  the  house  are  due 
entirely  to  her  careful  skill,  being  eminently  a 
home  of  refinement  and  culture. 


-sS«< 


»'•*=' 


A.  OATIIEY,  M.  I).,  one  of  the  leading 
ID)  practitioners  of  Woodburn,  was  born  in 
*  Powell  valley,  Multnomah  county.  Ore- 
gon, in  February,  1854.  His  parents,  William 
Ct.  and  Therza  J.  (Cornutt)  Cathey,  were  na- 
tives of  the  State  of  Missouri;  they  wore  mar- 
ried in  the  spring  of  1853,  and  shortly  after 
set  out  upon  that  long  journey  across  the 
plains.  Traveling  with  ox  teams  the  progress 
was  necessarily  slow,  but  with  the  exception  of 
some  sickness  in  the  company  was  accoin|)lished 
with  safety.  They  came  by  way  of  the  Dalles 
where  the  oxen  gave  out,  so  the  trip  was  com- 
pleted by  boat  down  the  Columbia  river.  After 
a  few  months  passed  on  Columbia  slough  they 
proceeded  to  Powell  valley,  and  there  purchased 
a  donation  claim  of  820  acres.  Mr.  Cathey  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  is  still  a 
resident  on  this  farm. 

There  were  eleven  children  in  the  family, 
the  Doctor  being  the  eldest.  He  was  educated 
in  the  piitilic  schools  of  Portland  and  at  Albany 
CoUegiatp  Institute.  His  parents  being  poor, 
he  was  compelled  to  educate  himself,  which  he 
did  by  teaching  vocal  music  and  public  schools. 
In  1875  he  began  teaching  in  the  public  schools 
of  Wasliinirton  countv,  and  was  afterward  en- 
gaged  in  the  same  profession  in  Brownsville, 
Linn  county.  In  the  fall  of  1877  he  again  en- 
•tered  the  Albany  Ins.itute  as  a  student,  re- 
maining a  yc^ar.  He  resumed  teaching  at 
Ilalsey,  and  later  was  at  Roseburg  where  he 
was    principal   of  the   public   school  for  three 


IT 


H2(t 


HISTORY    OP    OREOON. 


m\ 


yi'ms.  Ill  tliiM  position  he  did  very  erticieot 
work,  and  i-anie  to  be  recognized  a;*  one  of  tiie 
most  sn('(!es;-fiil  edueators  in  tiie  iState.  He  lie- 
gnii  i-eadinir  niedicine  witli  Dr.  ('.  II.  Merrick, 
of  C'arryonville,  and  eontiniied  his  studies  with 
Dr.  K.  M.  Davii;,  of  lIosel)nri;;  in  coiine(!tion 
with  his  work  at;  a  student  lie  eondneted  tlio 
])itl)lie,  sclioo!  of  llosehnra  with  nnirked  ability 
until  1884.  He  then  went  to  Carryonvijle  to 
teach,  but  an  epideniie  of  dipiitiierin  |)revHiiing, 
liis  service  as  a  jiiiysieian  hecaine  much  more 
necessary  than  as  a  teaciier;  lie  was  very  fortu- 
nate in  his  treatment  of  this  flreaded  disease, 
and  v.'jd  u  reputation  which  insured  his  future; 
he  continued  in  |>ractice  until  the  tail  of  1888. 
when  he  entered  the  medical  department  oi 
Willamette  University,  and  received  the  degree 
of  M.  I),  from  this  institution  in  the  .spring  of 
1890.  In  July  followinj^  he  located  at  Wood- 
burn  where  he  has  built  up  an  extended  prac- 
tice; he  is  a  close  student  of  the  science  of 
medicine,  and  is  a  remarkably  skilled  prac- 
titioner. 

Dr.  Catliey  was  married  at  I'rownsville  in 
1870,  to  Miss  L.  Elizalieth  McFeron,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  of  this  union  four  children 
liave  Ix'eii  l)orn:  Cecil  Calvin.  George  Andrew, 
Collins  Flint  and  Alice  Marie.  The  Doctor  is 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  is  a  local 
preacher  in  the  Methwlist  Episeopal  Church. 


f(Ji)GE  NORLE  W.  RANDALL,  deceased, 
an  eminent  jurist  and  honored  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1852,  was  born  in  Ohio,  February 
10".  1S25,  ami  died  .May  30.  181>0. 

His  grand fathi-r  was  a  distinguished  surgeon 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  sealed  with  his 
life  his  devotion  to  his  country.  The  Judge's 
father,  Elias  Randall,  marrie<i  Mindwell  (corn- 
ing. She  was  a  minister's  daughter,  and  traced 
lier  titieage  to  Samuel  Corning,  of  New  England, 
who  was  admitted  a  freeman  in  1641,  and  who 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Congregational 
Church  in  Beverly,  Massachusetts.  Samuel 
Corning,  the  only  son  of  this  celebrated  church- 
man, was  liorn  in  1()41,  and  died  May  11, 1714. 
He  married  liaimah  Hntchelder,  and  their  son, 
Samuel,  was  born  .lune  1,  1070.  His  son,  Ben- 
jamin, was  born  in  1701,  whose  son,  .lohn,  watf 
born  in  1729,  and  his  son,  Warren,  was  born 
in  1771.  II is  daughter,  Mindwell  Corning,  mar- 
ried Elias  Randall. 


Their  son,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
reartMl  and  educated  in  his  native  State,  and  mar- 
ried Susana  Taylor,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Soon 
afl(!r  their  marriage,  in  1852,  they  started  on 
the  long  jouriu^y  across  the  plains  to  Oregon. 
Arriving  at  their  destination,  they  settled  on  » 
donation  claim,  which  was  located  twelve  miles 
east  of  Oregon  City.  Mr.  R'4n<lall  cut  a  road 
through  a  (len?e  forest  of  Hr  trees  to  his  prop- 
erty, whore  he  built  a  log  cabin,  and  commenced 
pioneer  life  among  the  primeval  woods,  the  In- 
dians and  the  animals  of  the  forest.  He  taught 
school  at  intervals  for  thirteen  years,  in  the 
meantime  working  on  his  farm. 

An  incident  is  related  wdiicli  displays'  the 
courage  and  straight  forward  dealing  of  the 
man.  After  he  had  enclosed  some  of  his  land 
and  his  crops  were  fairly  growing,  the  Indiana 
destroyed  his  crops  by  throwing  down  the 
fence  and  driving  their  horses  in  among  the 
grain.  Mr.  Raiuiall  U'came  tired  of  this,  and 
taking  an  Indian,  one  day,  whom  he  suspected 
of  being  the  culprit,  he  showed  him  the  fence, 
and  told  him  to  put  it  up.  The  Indian,  how- 
ever, refused,  and  Mr.  Randall  applied  a  horse- 
whip to  iiim.  A  short  time  afterward,  and 
while  Mr.  Randall  was  sitting  in  tiie  house,  he 
spied,  through  the  chinks  between  the  logs,  an 
Indian,  with  a  gun,  climbing  into  a  tree  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  house.  Taking  his  gun,  Mr. 
Randall  stepped  to  the  door,  and  covering  the 
Indian  with  the  muzzle  made  him  come  down 
and  go  away.  This  is  only  one  of  the  many  ex- 
periences they  underwent  in  that  early  day, 
which  tended  to  cultivate  in  them  personal 
courage  and  firmness  of  will. 

Under  his  able  numagement  Mr.  Randall's 
farm  became  a  most  productive  one.  He  planted 
a  tine  orchard  on  part  of  his  land,  and  replaced 
the  log  cabin  with  a  substantial  farm  house. 
He  also  added  to  his  possessions,  until  he  be- 
came the  owner  of  more  than  1,000  acres  of 
valuable  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Oregon  City. 

He  always  took  a  deep  interest  iti  the  welfare 
of  his  fellow- workers,  the  farmers,  and  was 
Master  of  the  Grange,  and  acted,  for  several 
years,  as  Secretary  of  that  society  in  the  State, 
and  was  deeply  revered  by  its  members. 

As  a  man  of  superior  intellectual  al)ility,  edu- 
cational advantages,  and  a  progressive  disposi- 
tion, combined  with  o.  commanding  presence, 
powerful  physique  and  courteous  deportment, 
lie  was  calculated  to  impress  a  community 
favorably.     His  admiring  constituents  delighted 


UlSrOHY     OF    UUKOON. 


Wil 


to  lioiior  liiin,  and  eloctetl  liitn  to  tlie  office  of 
Cuiuity  Sui)criiiteii<l(nit  of  Scliuols.  Afterwanl, 
lie  wiib  twice  elected  Comity  .Judge,  which  otKc^e 
he  iield  for  ei;^ht  consecutive  ycnrs,  diricharf^iiif^ 
his  duties  with  iinpartiiility  ami  justice. 

fludffe  and  Mi's.  Uaiidall  had  eii^lit  cliildreii, 
two  of  whom  were  horn  previous  to  their  juiiriiey 
across  the  plains,  the  otliers  having;  heen  liorii 
in  (Jrejfon.  Ardula.  the  eldest,  died  in  her 
eighteenth  year;  Kliiorn,  died  at  the  age  of 
twenty-six;  iVlindwell,  married  Mr.  G.  W. 
(Jhiirch,  and  re8i<le8  in  Oreii;oii  City;  Mentor  is 
married,  and  also  resides  in  Oregon  City;  I5ea- 
trice  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  W.  W.  Aldridjre;  Movis, 
married  Mr.  II.  (.).  Sloop,  and  resides  in  Fox 
Valley.  (See  history  of  the  son,  Tom  1'.  Ran- 
dall, in  this  book.) 

Thus  is  briefly  given  the  most  important 
events  of  the  life  of  a  great  and  good  man,  whosi; 
eit'orts  were  all  in  the  line  of  the  advancement 
and  enlightenment  of  his  fellow-men;  in  this 
respect,  though  his  personal  presence  is  among 
them  no  more,  his  influence  abides  with  them, 
ami  the  good  work  which  he  coniniencod  still 
progresses,  until,  like  the  river  which  is  lost  in 
the  sea,  his  inlluencu  shall  merge  into  im- 
mensity. 

J.  TIJTTIULL,  Su|)eriiitendent  of  the 
Electric  Light  Company,  was  born  in 
[<»  Monroe  county,  Michigan,  January  4, 
IStiO,  a  son  of  Samuel  and  IJnice  (Trippet) 
Tntthill,  natives  of  Vermont  and  Pennsylvania. 
The  mother's  ancestors  were  of  German  descent, 
and  were  early  settlers  of  the  Keystone  State. 
In  1871  the  family  removed  to  Montgomery 
county,  Iowa,  where  our  subject  worked  on  the 
farm  and  attended  the  public,  schools.  In  1S75 
he  went  to  Omaha,  Nebraska,  and  apprenticed 
iiimself  to  the  machinist's  trade,  in  the  pioneer 
foundry  of  that  city,  and  had  evening  electrical 
training.  After  serving  five  years  of  his 
apprenticeship  he  made  a  visit  to  his  home  in 
Iowa,  and  in  1881  went  to  Sacramento,  Califor- 
nia, where  he  followed  various  ocoupations, 
working  two  years  in  the  Brush  Electric  Stations. 
He  was  then  employed  by  C.  Ball,  a  watch  and 
clock  manufacturer  of  (Jhico,  and  while  there 
had  charge  of  the  repairing  department.  Was 
then  in  the  employ  or  the  Electric  Light  Com- 
pany, making  tlie  evening  runs  in  charge  of  the 
machinery  of  the  plant,  and  during  his  service 


there  gained  a  practical  knowledge  as  an  elec- 
trician, already  having  tlu'.  advantage,  both  by 
nature  and  study,  of  being  a  jirai'tical  ma(!hilli^t. 
lie  soon  made  himself  familiar  with  the  process 
of  making  ami  setting  dynamos  and  other  a|)pli- 
ances  connected  with  the  |»rof>ssion.  lie  came 
to  AshlamI  when  the  company  began  the  erec- 
tion of  their  works,  and  has  since  had  the  entire 
charge  of  the  ))lant  as  Superintendent.  He  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  the  stockholders  for  his 
meidianical  ability  and  alile  marageiiieiit.  Since 
he  has  been  in  charge,  the  Ashland  company  have 
nianutactiired  dynamo.s,  and  have  ])ut  intoojiera- 
tion  the  electric  plant  at  Sissoii,  and  havi;  also 
manufactured  small  dynamos,  motors  ami  other 
appliances  for  a  plant  soon  to  be  established  at 
Pokegaina  and  Dunsinuir,  Calitoinia.  Mr. 
Tntthill  is  not  only  an  expert  electrician,  but  i.-. 
also  an  inventive  genius.  He  has  planned  and 
patented  several  appliances  in  connection  with 
electric  |)lants,  which  have  proven  to  be  of  great 
value.  Among  others  he  fiiis  adjusted  and  put 
in  the  company's  power  house  what  might  be 
termed  an  electric  radiator,  ami  has  demonstrated 
the  fact  that  a  heater  of  this  character  can  bo 
successfully  used.  At  the  same  time  he  does 
not  claim  for  the  invention  any  economical 
points,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  would  be  rather 
expensive  until  utilized  when  the  current  would 
be  otherwise  lost,  as  is  the  case  at  the  power 
house. 

Mr.  Tntthill  was  married  at  Chico,  February 
(i,  1887.  to  Miss  Clara  Doan,  a  native  daughter 
of  California.  They  have  three  children: 
Merritt  A.,  Leslie  A.  and  Ferdinand.  Socially, 
our  subject  affiliates  witli  th^  Imp.  O.  R.  M.,  of 
(Jhico,  California. 


JHOMAS  J.  CREIGUTON,  a  pnuninent 
and  highly  esteemed  citizen  of  Corvallis, 
Oregon,  a  meniljer  of  the  City  Council 
and  a  prosperous  business  man,  was  born  in 
Crawford  county.  Ohio,  October  1,  1838.  His 
ancestors  were  of  Scotch  origin,  both  his  parents, 
.Tames  and  Nancy  (Canon)  Creighton.  being 
natives  of  Ohio,  and  the  families  on  both  sides 
being  early  settlers  and  influential  residents  of 
that  State.  Both  his  paternal  and  inatarnal 
gr.indfathers  were  distinguished  patriotic  sol- 
diers in  the  war  of  1812,  and  both  alike  were 
participants  in   the   memorable   battle  of   New 


■in 


»'.'9 


iirnTony  of  onudON. 


!  •      f 


Orli'iiMs.  wliicli  ociMimMl  on  .lanuiiry  S,  1815. 
Iliw  t'iitliiT  wan  II  miller  iiiKJ  iilso  |iiirniii'il  funn- 
ing, to  wliii'li   liittiT  oci'iijiatioii    yollliy  TIioiiiuh 

WHS    ri'llI'L'll. 

lie  was  tlu^  third  of  ten  cliildron.  and  received 
his  education  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native 
State,  after  which  he  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade.  In  18(»2  \w  left  Ohio,  and  traveled  from 
one  [Kiiiit  to  another  as  a  journeyman  carpenter, 
for  two  \('!irs,  wiifii  he  startcMl  from  Kan  (!laire, 
Wisconsin,  for  California,  lieaching  his  desti- 
nation, lie  located  near  Sacramento,  where  he 
was,  for  a  time,  eiif^ajred  in  niinini;.  Not  meet- 
ing with  eneoiiraginj;  snccess  in  that  enterprise, 
he  a;,'ain  engaged  in  fnrniing  on  the  Sheldon 
grant,  lie  was,  for  two  years,  the  managinj^ 
foreman  of  the  famous  llohhs  ranch,  dnring 
which  time  he  accninnlated  considerahle  money. 

lie  then  came  to  Orejjon,  locatiiigat  Yaiinina 
hay,  where,  with  others,  he  engaged  in  ship- 
huildinfi;.  lie  eontinneil  in  this  hnsiness  Hl>oiit 
>ix  years,  and  during  that  time  several  well- 
known  schooners  were  built  by  this  company, 
which  have  since  figured  prominently  in  the 
coast  trade,  amnn;;  which  may  be  Jiientioned  the 
Elnora  and  Louisa,  the  former  havinjr  three 
masts.  In  1873  the  company  ceased  opt.'ra- 
tions  and  Mr.  Oreighton  came  to  Corvallis. 
During  his  residence  in  Yaipiina  he  was  very 
active  ill  the  building  up  and  development  of 
that  section,  pirticularly  so  in  the  ailvanceinent 
of  the  public  .-chool  system  an<l  numerous  other 
pulilic  enterprises,  being  eminently  a  public- 
spirited  man. 

On  arriving  in  Corvallis  Mr.  ("reight(jii  in- 
vested in  well-boring  ajjparatus,  and  was  for 
several  years  actively  engaged  in  well-sinking. 
His  present  business  was  established  in  1883, 
which  is  dealing  in  wagons,  buggies,  and  all 
kiTuls  of  farm  machinery  and  agricultural  im- 
plements. He  bus  a  large  and  lucrative  trade, 
principally  local,  butalso  extending  into  adjacent 
counties. 

He  was  married  at  Gerrais,  October  16, 1888, 
to  Mrs.  Ida  Hamilton  («6'«  (iraves),  an  estimable 
lady,  and  a  native  of  Oregon.  She  is  a  daughter 
of  William  CTraves,  an  honored  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1852. 

Politically,  Mr.  Creighton  is  allied  with  the 

De ('ratic  l)arty,  and  wjis  elected   to  the  CJity 

Council  in  18'J2.  lie  attiliates  with  the  I.  O. 
().  F.,  Siibonlinate  Lodge  and  Encamf)ment 
Degree,  and  has  passed  all  the  otHcial  chairs  of 
the  order. 


The  history  of  Oregon  and  her  inhabitants 
appears  to  be  one  of  continued  success,  which 
lessiMis  our  wonder  over  that  achieved  by  Mr. 
Creighton,  whose  energy  and  ability,  combined 
with  uprightness  of  character,,  would  insure  liini 
success  anywhere,  and  doiil)ly  so  in  this  the 
banner  State  of  the  Union. 


AUVEL  MAUKIIAM  WATTS,aprom- 
inent  farmer  of  Washington  county, 
and  a  brave  Oregon  pioneer  of  1850, 
was  l>orn  in  Tennessee,  February  1,  1823.  Ilia 
father,  Thomas  Watts,  was  a  native  of.  North 
Carolina,  of  Irish  ancestry.  The  grandfather 
Watts  was  a  Ca,])tain  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
Mr.  Thomas  Watts  married  Miss  Kda  Marklmm, 
a  native  of  Virginia,  and  nine  children  were  born 
to  their  union.  From  Tennessee  Mr.  Watts  re- 
moved to  Kentucky,  and  later  to  Illinois.  He 
was  a  farmer  and  a  member  of  the  Metlio<li8t 
Church.  His  wife  died  in  1852,  in  her  sixty- 
fifth  year.  Mr.  Watts,  our  subject,  broutrht  his 
father  to  Oregon,  gave  him  a  liome  with  him, 
and  cared  for  him  until  bis  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  1873,  in  his  ninety  second  year. 

Our  subject  was  the  fourth  child  and  was 
reared  in  Kentucky  until  bis  fourteenth  year; 
later  he  removed  to  Missouri,  where  be  married, 
August  27,  184t],  Miss  Nancy  Ann  Knighten,  a 
native  of  Misscjuri.  Her  family  were  from 
South  Carolina,  and  her  grandfather  also  served 
as  Captain  in  the  lievolutionary  war.  In  1850 
they  crossed  the  plains  with  ox  tehms,  and  were 
six  months  on  the  tri]).  There  were  forty 
wagons  in  the  train.  During  the  journey  fif- 
tecTi  of  the  emigrants  were  taken  sick  with 
cholera  and  eight  died.  The  physician  they  ob- 
tained doctored  them  with  t)piuiM  and  calomel. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watts  made  their  first  location  in 
Oregon  City,  from  which  place  they  came  to  Mr. 
Watts'  present  farm,  three  miles  northwest  of 
Forest  (Trove.  Here  he  took  up  (540  acres  of 
land,  as  a  donation  claim,  on  Mhich  he  hnilt  a 
log  cabin,  and  then  devoteil  himself  to  (arm- 
ing and  the  improveTnent  of  his  land.  He 
worked  intelligently  and  industriously  and  has 
prospered.  He  has  added  to  his  property  until 
lie  now  owns  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the 
county,  consisting  of  700  acres. 

During  the  Indian  wars  the  settlers  appointed 
committees  to  go  several  miles  from  the  differ- 
ent settlements  and  watch.     Mr.   Watts  was  on 


IIIHTOHY    OF    OHKIION. 


331 


II,.: 


out!  of  these  coinmittuoH  ninl  went  up  the  triiil" 
neven  or  ciirht  iiiileH  with  a  cinnpiiiiiidi  in  order 
to  see  that  no  raid  WHfi  heiiiif  phinned.  This 
wiitdiinir  hrtd  to  he  kept  up  for  neveral  years. 

After  a  few  years  the  little  loj^  slianty  was 
replaced  hy  a  iietter  one,  ami  in  \.HU\.  Mr.  Watts 
erected  a  fine  new  re-idenee.  wiiore  lie  now  r<;- 
sides.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Watts  ha^e  heeii  hiessed 
with  no  children  of  their  own,  Unt  they  iiave 
reared  a  nii.ni)er  of  other  people's  children, 
ireatini^  them  with  the  same  kimlness  that  tliey 
wonid  have  l)estowed  npon  one  of  their  own. 
They  wereorii^inally  Methodists,  but  tiie  United 
Brethren  (Ilmrcli  was  the  Krst  one  orsjanized 
and  they  have  joined  it  and  have  since  been 
worthy  nienilwrs  of  that  ori^anization,  Mr. 
Watts  has  served  as  Steward  and  Trustee,  and 
has  also  liljerallv  devoted  much  of  his  money 
to  aid  the  jfooil  cause. 

Mrs.  Watts  is  three  years  younjjjor  than  her 
hnsliand  and  lias  made  him  a  faithful,  loving 
wife.  She  is  an  estimable  lady,  jjreatly  beloved 
i)y  all  who  know  her.  Two  of  the  children 
reared  by  this  ;i;ood  couple  beloniJ;ed  to  his 
older  brother,  two  others  were  his  younirest 
brother's,  and  about  eij^ht  others,  mostly  girls, 
were  needy  children,  taken  and  cared  for  by 
Mr.  and  Airs.  Watts.  They  have  performed  a 
labor  of  love  in  caritig  for  these  destitute  chil- 
dren, for  which  they  deserve  a  great  deal  of 
credit.  They  are  kind-hearted  and  hospitable, 
and  are  very  worthy  representatives  of  Oregon's 
brave  pioneers  of  1850.    • 


T.  C'ARTER,  proprietor  of  the  French 
Prairie  Nursery  at  Woodbnrii,  was  born 
in  Brownsville,  Penn8ylvani;i.  in  1853. 
His  parents,  tFohnson  and  Itebecca  (Leanion) 
Garter,  were  also  natives  of  the  Keystone  State; 
the  father  was  a  ship  carpenter  by  trade  and  a 
l.-uilder  of  steamboats;  he  pursued  this  occupa- 
tion at  Brownsville  on  the  Monongahela  river, 
and  here  young  Carter  lived  until  he  was  sev- 
enteen years  of  a<^e.  Starting  out  to  meet  the 
responsibilities  <  f  life,  he  chose  the  State  of  Kan- 
sas as  the  scene  of  action,  and  passed  four  years 
within  its  borders,  engaged  in  farming.  He 
then  returned  to  McKeesport,  Pennsylvania, 
and  there  served  an  apprenticeship  of  four 
years  at  the  carpenter's  tr.ide.  In  1878  he  re- 
turned  to  Kansas,    and  located   at    Severance, 


where  he  followe<i  his  trade  until  1S8().  In 
that  year,  in  I'ompnny  with  (ieorge  lir'adley,  he 
went  to  Sm  Francisco;  after  spending  a  feiv 
n\iintli8  in  that  city  he  eiiibarke(l  on  a  steamer 
bounii  for  I'ortland.  I'Mablo  to  find  employ- 
nient  and  his  re.soiircti.s  being  exhausted  ha 
started  tor  Woodburn  on  foot,  and  there  found 
occnpatioi'.  in  the  nursery  of  Mr.  Settlemeier;  at 
the  enil  of  a  month  Ik;  again  to  )k  up  his  trade, 
which  he  followed  one  year.  IJiiring  this  time 
many  of  the  early  nisidences  of  the  city  were 
Imilt. 

Mr.  (Jarter  was  inarrioii  in  1881  to  Miss  Nettie 
Seltlemeier,  a  native  of  Woodburn  and  a(laii;;h- 
ter  of  ,1.  II.  Settlemeier,  an  Oregon  pioneer  ni' 
184!).  After  his  marriage  he  engaged  in  farm- 
inif,  and  continued  this  iixlustry  until  1887. 
when  he  embarked  in  the  nursery  business  ii|)oii 
lands  adjoining  the  city,  wbicb  had  bijeii  pre- 
sented to  bis  wife.  With  energy  and  skill  .Mr. 
('arter  began  developing  this  place,  ami  a  spa- 
cious <l\velling  and  fine  improvements  are  the 
result  of  his  own  personal  labors.  From  a 
small  beginning  his  nursery  now  covers  40 
acres. 

fWIELJ.  IIAYKS,  a  well-known  farmer 
residing  near  Ilalsey,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Iowa,  in  18.')0,  a  son  of  Setli 
W.  and  Polly  (Stillwell)  Hayes.  The  parents  set- 
tled in  lowaat  an  early  day,  but  in  1852  joined 
the  tide  of  western  emigration,  an<l  <'rossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon;  they  traveled  with  ox 
teams,  and  suffered  the  usual  discomforts  and 
hardships  of  the  trail,  but  at  the  end  of  six 
mouths  f(uiiul  themselves  in  the  Willamette 
valley.  Proceeding  to  Linn  county,  Mr.  Hayes 
located  on  his  donation  claim  of  320  acres.  The 
present  town  of  Ilalsey  is  situated  upon  its 
original  settlement.  He  enga<;ed  in  farming 
and  raising  live-stock,  and  followed  this  occu- 
pation until  his  death.  Politically,  he  was 
identified  with  the  Republican  party,  and  was 
ever  active  in  forinulating  and  sustaining  wise 
measures,  though  he  was  not  an  office  seeker. 
He  was  an  ardent  advocate  of  the  temperance 
cause,  and  became  a  martyr  to  his  convictions, 
as  he  was  murdered  by  his  opponents  in  1870. 
Daniel  J.  Hayes  remained  at  home  until  he 
was  si.Kteen  years  of  age,  and  then  began  the 
battle  of  life. 

He  was  married   in   Linn  county,  in  1875,  to 


I 


S94 


UlbTOHV    OF    (mUdON. 


Miff.  Miiry  K.  Vim  l,iin(lini;linin,  n  native  of 
Orc^'oii,  itiui  II  iiHiiji;hti'r  uf  (ieor^f  Vim  Liiiid- 
iiijrliiiiii.  a  |ii(iinj(i'  of  tlic  early  '5()h.  After  iiis 
iiiiiri  iafif  ^Ir.  IliiycK  iiiirciiasi'd  a  rHiu'li  of  KiO 
acrt'i-.  liix  iiiilc!-  slHltil\^L•^t  id'  lliiiscy,  and  \va(« 
fiiffiijrcii  in  faniiinj;  tliiTf  until  ISH2.  Ho  tlicli 
Kold  out  and  iimiiovihI  to  liim  preni'iit  farm  of  KiO 
iicruA  ndjoiniiifr  IIali<('y  on  tliu  8oiith;  tliitt  tract 
ii«  H  jiortioii  of  IiIh  latiit'i'V  donatiun  idaiin,  and 
he  HJi-o  owns  -1^0  iiorcii  in  .Slicniiiiii  county,  Ore- 
gon, wliieli  ia  rcntt'il.  Almiit  120  iicri'si  of  the 
liijim'  riincii  iiri'  under  I'liltivatioii,  and  in  eon- 
iifction  lie  runs  a  hiitter  dairy,  liavinir  twenty 
I'OWK  of  Siiorthurn  and  .lerwey  strains;  he  has 
all  the  most  ini|iroveil  fiieiiitien,  and  prodiieen 
an  exeellent  i[niility  of  butter. 

Mr.  ami  Mrs.  Hayes  are  tiio  parents  of  four 
idiiidieii :  I)ora  A.,  Idiliy  A.,  (i rare  and  (ieor^je. 
■Mr.  Hiiyt's  ffivcs  little  thoui;lil  to  secret  soeietiee 
or  |iolitics.  but  his  well  improved  fiirni  indicatcB 
the  energy  iiiid  tliiift  which  have  been  exercised 
in  its  cultivation;  he  is  very  attentive  to  all  the 

Hails  of  Hiiiicultiire,   and  inanaires  his  estate 
with  iiiueh   ii  felligence  and   coiiseijiient    jirolit. 

—    ■^^■^^^■^ 

fAMKS  (i.  lUliDSEY,  Sheriff  of  Jackson 
comity. —  In  this  rapidly  developinir  coun- 
try of  ours,  where  opportunities  for  all  are 
equal,  some  make  more  rii|iid  strides  toward 
success  than  others,  and  their  success  in  any 
iiie  of  business  they  may  have  marked  out  for 
themselves  may  lie  attributed  to  natural  ability 
and  tact,  combined  with  resolute  will  and  per- 
sistent deteriniiiation  to  succeed.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  one  worthy  of  more  than  pass- 
inif  meiifion.  Mr.  JJirdsey  is  oceupyinj;  to-day 
one  of  the  most  imjiortant  offices  that  is  the  gift 
of  the  county.  The  phenomenal  success  he  has 
achieved  during  his  otficial  career  entitles  him 
to  honoraide  mention  in  the  pa^es  of  this  vol- 
ume. He  is  one  of  Oregon's  native  sons,  and 
dates  his  birth  in  .lackson  county,  April  25. 
1854,  and  claims  the  distinction  of  being  the 
third  white  child  born  in  the  county.  His  par- 
ents are  David  \.  and  Clara  S.  (Fleming)  Bird- 
sey,  the  former  a  native  of  Connecticut,  reared  in 
the  Hiickeye  State,  and  came  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  via  Panama,  in  1852,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  mill  business.  The  latter  is  a  native  of 
West  Virginia,  her  ancestors  being  among 
the  early  and  influential  settlers  of  that  State. 
Of  their  six  children,  our  subject  is  the  eldest. 


He  was  reared  and  educftted   in    the  eonnty  of 

his  birth  and  tliert^  he  learned  the  lilaeksniith'B 
trade  and  also  followed  n-ining  for  several  years. 
In  lS80  lit!  was  elected  (lonstable,  and  serveil  two 
terms.  He  was  nominated  for  County  Sherilf, 
but  met  with  defeat.  In  IHHH  he  was  again 
nominated  and  carried  ids  county  by  a  liand- 
some  majority,  and  again,  in  ISOO,  htt  was  a  suc- 
cessful candidate  for  the  same  office.  He  will 
soon  retire  from  public  life,  and  move  his  fam- 
ily to  his  farm,  located  nine  miles  north  ot 
.lacksonville,  where  he  owns  320  acres  of  farm- 
ing land.  It  is  also  the  intention  of  Mr.  P>ird- 
sey  to  carry  on  general  farming,  fruit-growing, 
and  also  make  a  speciality  of  hog-raising.  Ho 
has  three  acres  already  set  with  plums  and  ap- 
ples, and  will  put  out  1,000  more  trees  tlie  pres- 
ent season,  ajid  will  devote  considerable  time  to 
the  developing  of  his  mining  property. 

He  has  been  inarritMl  twice- -November  5, 
1S82,  to  Miss  Kathern  Kiicli,  who  died  October 
15,1887;  they  had  two  children:  Georgie  and 
Annie.  He  was  married  a  second  time,  Octo- 
ber 1890,  to  an  I'stiinable  widow,  Mrs.  Fannie 
.lohnson,  nee  (^ompton. 

Mr.  Pirdsey  has  always  taken  an  active  inter- 
est in  public  affairs,  and  is  a  stanch  Republican, 
always  upholding  the  principles  of  his  party. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  Talsiman 
Lodge,  Xo.  31,  of  Medford;  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and 
Improved  Order  of  Red  ^len,  of  Salem.  lie 
has  passeil  all  the  otficial  chairs  of  the  order. 


■4^ 


^•a-- 


(OPKRTTAVI.OR.  the  junior  member  of 
the  tirm  of  IHgh  iV:  Tiiylor,  |)roprietor8 
of  the  Alliainbra  Wine  and  Pilliard  Rooms, 
is  a  native  of  the  Keystone  State,  born  in  the 
city  of  Pliihulclphia,  .June  il,  1853.  His  par- 
ents, Daniel  and  Rose  Taylor,  were  l.'oth  of 
Irish  birth,  and  immigrated  to  America  in  1849. 
The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Rebellion,  en- 
listing i:i  Company  E,0!ie  Hundred  and  Eighty- 
Third  Penn.sylvania  Volunteers.  He  served  his 
adopted  country  honorably  and  faithfully,  and 
was  among  the  numl>er  of  oiir  Unu>n  soldiers 
who  suffered  the  hor'orsof  Libby  Prison,  where 
he  (lied  October  24.  1864.  His  wife  died  in 
Philadelphia,  in  1800.  The  family  consisted  of 
four  children,  of  which  Robert  was  the  second 
child.  He  learned  the  trade  of  weaver  in  the 
city  of  his  l)irtli,  and  followed  carpet  weaving 
until    1869,    when    he   came    to  Ashland,  and 


*'l 


UlHTOHY    OF    itliBdON. 


uiia 


woikcil  in  the  wonlmi  millw  ii  year,  and  from 
tlii'i'ii  went  to  Klaniatli  county.  Ilfii^  litMvorkod 
for  six  yenrH  iiandlin)^  hIocIc,  and  wpcnt  tour 
yoRfw  in  M(')doc  coiinty,  California,  wiicre  liii 
wan  cii^nj^ud  in  \\w  infoniHt  of  .loscu  I).  Carr, 
of  MonttM-cy  I'ounty,  California.  In  1870  lie 
,i' limed  to  Klainatli  county,  located  on  Spragne 
riviT.  and  engaged  in  Htock-raising  tor  a  ])eri()d 
of  two  years.  Since  tlnit  time  lie  iiaw  l)een  a 
prominent  citi'/en  of  Anldand. 

II Ih  present  biiHineKB  was  establislied  ei<;iit 
years  ago.  and  lie  and  liin  |)artiier  are  engage<l 
in  the  frnit-f;rowing  hiininess.  They  own  jointly 
in  the  city  limitH  ten  .icreh  of  land,  wiiich  is  all 
devoted  to  peach-growing.  The  orchard  is  young 
and  in  a  noiirishiiif^  eon(litif)ii.  The  present 
season  will  i;ive  thein  a  good  crop  which  will  he 
81'.  1  to  the  local  trade. 

A' '■.  Taylor  is  a  stanch  Uepuhliean,  and  takes 
HM  ftciive  interest  in  j)olitical  matters;  has  tilled 
|;he  |)OBition  of  Deputy  Sherift'  for  four  years. 
lie  is  a  niemher  of  I.  ().  O.  F.  and  has  tilled  all 
the  official  chairs.  He  is  also  fast  Master  of 
Ashland  Lodge,  A.  O.V .  W. 

He  was  married  in  Klamath  county,  duly  3, 
1877,  to  Louisa,  danghter  of  Daniel  1'.  Brit- 
tnin,  an  Oreifon  pioneer  of  1853.  They  have  a 
family  of  five  children:  Eva.  Jay,  Clay,  Ida 
and  liay. 

J..    ■      _ji  i:^..t..|-a^,  fa=:r-    .» 

■  ''ft     y  'li^ 

F.  IIAFjL,  one  of  the  successful  farmers 
of  the  vicinity  of  Woodhurn,  was  born  at 
...  '»  Liberty,  Clay  county,  ilissouri,  in  182ti. 
His  parents,  J.  E.  and  Cynthia  ((irooni)  Hull, 
were  natives  of  Kentucky,  but  were  nnmliered 
among  the  pioneers  of  Missouri.  The  father 
was  reared  to  the  life  of  a  farmer,  but  in  early 
years  learned  the  trade  of  a  stone-mason,  and 
plied  both  vocations  in  the  early  settlement  of 
Missouri.  He  was  among  the  foremost  of  the 
emigrants  to  Oregon,  crossing  the  plains  in  the 
summer  of  1845.  His  outfit  was  composed  of 
three  wagons,  twelve  yoke  of  oxen,  twenty-five 
loose  head  of  cattle  and  two  mares.  The  trip  was 
successfully  accomplished  to  Fort  Boise,  where 
he  was  induced  to  follow  Steve  Meeks  on  his 
"cut  oft','"  and  thereby  suffered  many  hardships, 
beside  losing  much  of  his  stock  on  account  of 
lack  of  feed  and  water.  There  was  also  much 
sickness  in  the  train,  and  many  deaths  resulted. 
Ultimately  arriving  at  the  Dalles,  they  proceeded 
down  the  river,  and  at  the  Cascades   the  fell 


destroyer,  Death,  fir.'t  filtered  the  family  circle 
and  removed  a  little  son,  who  lies  liiirie(l  on  the 
banks  of  the  Columbia  river.  They  coiitin  iu'(l 
down  the  river  to  Linton,  aiici  there  re-embarked 
in  their  wagons  and  drove  to  Hutteville.  Here 
Mr.  ILill  passed  two  years  with  his  fiiinily,  and 
in  18-17  located  two  and  a  half  miles  south  on 
Fren(di  I'rairie.  He  took  ii|)  4()(i  acres,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming,  which  li(u;oiitinueil  until  18('iW, 
when  lie  retinal  to  the  home  of  a  daughter  and 
died  at  the  age  of  seventy  years.  His  widow 
survives  him,  aged  eighty-eight  years. 

I5',  F.  Hall  crossed  the  plains  with  his  parents 
and  remained  with  them  until  1848,  when  ho 
went  to  the  California  gold  mines,  and  followed 
the  all-absorbing  occu|)ation  of  digf^ing  for 
gold  for  a  year.  He  retnriu^d  to  Oregon  in  the 
summer  of  184U,  and  bought  24iJ  acres  where 
he  now  resides,  which  formed  the  nucleus  of  bis 
landed  estate.  He  afterward  accumulated  means 
rapidly,  and  increas(Hl  his  possessions  to  1,400 
acres,  located  in  different  parts  of  the  valley. 
He  has  farmed  annually  al)out  300  acres,  his 
chief  produce  being   grain. 

Mr.  Hall  was  married  in  April,  1854,  on 
French  Prairie,  to  Miss  .Mary  A.  Johnson,  a 
ilaughter  of  Neill  .lohnson.of  Illinois,  a  pioneer 
of  1851.  Nine  children  have  been  born  of  this 
union:  Albert;  Sophronia,  wife  of  (i.  W.  Mc- 
Longhlin;  Elmer,  Edwin,  Orin,  William,  Edith, 
Clarence  and  Junius.  By  the  sale  of  lands  and 
■  division  among  his  children,  ^^r.  Hall  has  re- 
duced his  land  to  400  acres,  325  of  which  is 
tillable,  the  ba'ance  being  in  woodland.  The 
farm  is  now  conducted  by  the  youngest  son,  Mr. 
Hall  having  retired  from  active  labor.  The 
j)lace  is  admirably  improved,  and  supplied  with 
all  the  latest  labor-saving  inventions.  It  bears 
the  significant  impress  of  the  thrift  and  wise 
management  of  the  proprietor. 
t 

fF.  POWERS,  a  well-known  agriculturist 
residing  near  Springfield,  Lane  county, 
*>  Oregon,  was  born  in  Allegany  county, 
New  York,  in  182(5,  a  son  of  Benjamin  B.  and 
Mary  A.  (Powell)  Powers,  natives  of  Vermont. 
The  ancestors  of  these  parents  had  for  genera- 
tions been  residents  of  the  <Treen  Mountain 
State,  and  the  Powell  family  formerly  owneil 
the  town  site  of  Woodstock.  The  father  of  our 
subject  was  a  cabinet-maker  by  trade,  and  fol- 
lowed   this   occupation    in   Maine    until   1824, 


3.;« 


HISTORY    OF    oniiGON. 


when  he  removed  to  Aire{»ftny  county,  New 
York.  111!  l)nilt  u  i^rist mill  on  Viindfinaik 
creek,  which  he  o])er!ite(l  until  183i5,  when  he 
emigrated  to  Illinois.  He  engaged  in  farming 
and  worked  at  his  trade  as  opportunity  offered, 
until  1832,  when  he  started  with  his  wife  and 
seven  children  to  Oregon.  His  outfit  consisted 
of  three  wajj;on8,  each  drawn  i)y  three  yoke  of 
oxen,  one  two-horse  wagon,  and  ten  cows.  They 
joined  a  train  i)f  seventy-two  wagons,  the  com- 
pany nuinhcring  2")0  persons.  .\rriving  at  the 
I'latt  river  the  cholera  settled  upon  the  train,  and 
tiiirty-two  deaths  resulted,  Mrs.  I'owers  leing 
among  the  numi)er  who  'vere  i(Uried  u|)oii  the 
silent  plain.  They  tiien  divided  into  smaller 
companies  and  iinished  the  iouniey  without 
particnlr,,  incident.  Arrived  at  tlie  Dalles,  they 
proceeded  liy  water  an<l  the  river  trail  to  the 
"  mouth  of  Siiidy,"  and  then  drove  hy  Alhany 
to  Lane  county.  Mr.  I'ower.s  located  on  a  dona- 
tion claim  near  the  present  town  of  S|)ringfield, 
and  engaged  in  farming.  B.  F.  Powers  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Illinois,  and  crosseil  the 
plain  ■•  with  his  parents  in  1852,  driving  an  ox 
team  and  walking  the  entire  distance.  He 
hoiight  ](')0  acres  adjoitiing  his  father,  and  at 
once  engagc('  in  farming,  which  has  been  the 
occupation  of  his  life. 

He  was  married  near  Springfield,  in  1864:,  to 
Miss  LoniaH  M.  Thomas,  a  daughter  of. lona- 
than  Thomas,  a  pioneer  of  1852.  They  have 
one   child,  (^atlierine  E..  wifeoft'.  L.  Morton.- 

Mr,  I'owers  now  owns  35(1  acres  of  the  orig- 
inal settlement  of  the  family,  one  mile  east  of 
Springfield,  and  the  fine  condition  of  the- land 
and  all  of  his  surrou.idings  indicate  the  thrift 
and  wisdom  with  wl 'ch  they  have  been  man- 
aged. l'"orinerly  ho  dealt  largely  in  sheep,  cat- 
tle and  horses,  liut  of  late  years  he  has  given  his 
attention  to  the  raising  of  cereals,  and  sows  250 
acres  of  grain  annually.  Inherititig  tlu^  cuergy 
characteristic  of  his  New  England  ancestors, 
with  zeal  and  persevr ranee  he  has  pursued  his 
avocation,  and  has  ii  v  one  of  the  best  im- 
proved farms  in  Lane  county. 

V.  SHERMAN,  one  of  the  prominent 
young  business  men  of  Portland,  the 
*  beautiful  metropolis  of  Oregon,  where 
he  is  (Jashier  of  the  Orogi,ii  National  Hank,  was 
born  in  Fr.iuklin,  .lolin -on  county.  In  li.ina,  in 
1852. 


His  parents,  Flosea  B.  and  Elizabeth  (Da- 
shiell)  Sherman,  were  natives  of  New  York  and 
Ohio,  respectively,  who  were  married  in  ln<liana, 
where  the  father  was  for  some  time'engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  and  in  trading  on  the  Ohio 
and  Mississippi  rivers.  In  1853  they  removed 
to  Kankakee  county,  Illinois,  where  the  father 
engaged  in  farming,  locating  about  tif'ty-s'x 
miles  t'rom  Chicago,  which  latter  place  was  then 
a  snuill  village,  whence  all  lumber  and  family 
supplies  were  haule<l.  Subsecjuently,  the  par- 
ents removed  to  lvai;kakee,  tor  the  purpose  of 
educating  their  children,  where  the  father  was 
engaged  in  the  sale  of  agricultural  implements 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  IHSti.  He  was 
gre.itly  esteetned  for  his  many  sterling  (jiialities 
of  character,  and  his  death  was  universally  la- 
mented. The  faithful  wife  and  devoted  mother 
remov(!d  to  Portland,  Oregon,  subseijuent  to  her 
husband's  ileatli,  where  she  still  resid(!s,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-five  years,  highly  esteetned  by  all 
who  know  her. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  wa^  educated  in  the 
jiublic  schools  of  Kankakee,  and  his  i)nsiness 
education  was  received  under  the  able  guidaiu'c 
of  his  father,  with  whom  he  renniined  until 
1872,  at  which  time  he  acepteii  a  position  as 
messenger  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Kan- 
kakee, where  by  faithful  service  and  gradual 
promotion  he  subsequently  rose  to  higher  posi- 
tions, remaining  with  tiiat  institution  until  18S2. 
The  president  o:  the  l)an...  Ivnory  (lobb,  then 
organiii,ed  the  Hozeman  Niiiionai  Bank,  at  l>oze- 
mati.  Montana,  and  Mr.  Slierinan  was  renueste<l 
to  till  the  position  of  Cashier,  winch  he  accepted 
Besides  his  banking  busine«s  he  became  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  development  of  l)itu 
niinous  coal,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  15ozeinan  Coal  Company,  wiiicli  was  after- 
ward sold  to  the  IJnion  Pacific  Railroad  t'i)m- 
pany.  Mr.  Sherman  sLiU  continuing  to  be  a  stock 
holder  and  director. 

In  1885  Mr,  Sherman  (mme  to  Portlatid  to 
accent  the  position  of  Cashier  of  the  Portland 
Natio  nil  Bank,  which  he  filled  for  two  years. 
when  .  o  resigned  to  accept  a  similar  position 
with  the  Metropolitan  Savings  Bank,  which 
was  at  once  once  cMiiverted  into  the 
Oregon  National  Bank;  he  retaining  'hi^ 
positicm  of  ci'<hier.  This  bank  has  a  cap- 
ital iiiid  surplus  of  S270,()0(),  and  alreudy 
(1892)  has  established  for  itself  a  sound  and  in- 
nuontial  reputation  throughout  the  couniiTy. 
The   mamigeinent   is  composed  of  exporionued 


m STORY    OF    OREGON. 


6S7 


business  men  and  sagacious  bankers,  who  are 
tliovoiiglil.v  acquaintt'd  with  tinancial  matters. 
Ill  18M8  Mr.  Slierman  piirciiased  an  interest  in 
tlie  Multnomah  iStreet  Railroad,  wiiich  lias  since 
been  changed  from  iiorse-power  to  tiie  electric 
system,  and  is  an  important  factor  in  the  devel- 
opment of  tiie  city  of  Portland.  Of  this  enter- 
prise he  is  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Besides 
this  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Lewis 
&  Dryden  Printing  (Company,  of  which  he  is  the 
Secretary  and  Treasurer.  They  do  a  general 
lithographic  liusiness.  and  are  publishers  ot  a 
railroad  guide.  Mr.  Sherman  also  is  a  stockholder 
and  Director  of  the  Northwest  Loan  &  Trust 
Company,  which  was  organized  in  1887,  and  of 
which  he  was  the  first  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
He  is  Second  Vice  President  and  Director  of 
the  Portland  I'c  Willamette  Valley  llailroad 
Company,  of  which  lie  was  one  of  the  original 
stockliolderK.  lie  was  also  instruinerital  in  or- 
ganizing the  l!ank  of  All)ina,  of  wliich  he  is 
Vice-President  and  Director.  He  is  a  Director 
in  the  (Columbia  Fire  &  Marine  Insurance  Com- 
pany and  of  the  Portland  Industrial  Exposition 
Association. 

Mr.  Sherman  was  married  at  Kankakee,  Illi- 
nois, in  1883,  to  Miss  Frank  II.  Paddock,  a 
highly  esteemed  lady,  and  a  daughter  of  Colonel 
J.  W.  Paddock,  a  prominent  attorney  of  Illinois, 
who  lost  his  life  in  the  defense  of  his  country  in 
the  late  war. 

Socially,  Mr.  Sherman  is  an  honored  membei 
of  the  Arlington  (Mub,  the  Multnomah  Amateur 
iVthletic  Club,  and  other  similar  organizations. 

The  continued  endorsement  by  tlie  various 
large  and  influential  business  enter|)ri8e8  with 
vhich  he  is  connected  is  sufficient  comnientarv 
on  Mr.  Sherman's  financial  and  executive  abil- 
ity; bes.des  which,  his  wide  rejiutation  for  busi- 
ness integrity  ami  uniform  courtesy  have  gained 
for  him  an  enviable  ))OBition  in  the  regard  ot 
his  fellow-citizens. 


(J.  HUNTlNCi,  4(57  Tenth  street,  Port- 
land, Oregon,  is  one  of  the  worthy  resi- 
r*  dents  of  this  city,  was  l>orn  at  St.  ,lohn, 
New  iiriinswick,  in  1830.  ili.-  paternal  ances- 
tors, natives  of  England,  immigrated  to  Amer- 
ica early  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and,  l)eing 
Loyalists,  with  the  opening  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war  took  up  their  abode  at  St.  John.  His 
paternal    grandfather  lived  to  the  advanced  age 


of  105  years,  and  was  never  known  to  be  sick 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  retaining  all  his 
faculties  to  the  last.  His  maternal  ancestors, 
French  people,  tied  from  their  native  country  in 
the  night  during  the  terrible  massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  came  to  America,  and  located  on 
the  Hudson  river.  Being  Loyalists,  they,  too, 
sought  homes  in  St.  .fohn  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  Rev.  Joshua  Bunting,  the  father 
of  our  subject,  was  a  Ba})tist  minister  in  and 
about  St.  John.  lie  was  married  to  Elizabeth 
Gerow.  Of  their  live  children,  all  of  whom 
lived  to  maturity,  only  three  now  survive, 
namely:  Dr.  John  (}.,  a  practicing  jihysician  of 
New  York  city;  William  F.,  a  prominent  citi- 
zen of  St.  John;  and  S.  (t.,  the  youngest. 

Mr.  Bunting  was  educateil  in  his  native  city, 
and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  began  learning  the 
trade  of  carriage-maker,  serving  an  apprentice- 
ship of  three  years.  He  then  joined  his  brother, 
Charles  E.,  a  cabinet-maker  by  trade,  and  to- 
gether they  opened  a  shop,  continuing  both 
branches.  In  1858  they  ^old  out  and  removed 
to  the  Pacific  coast,  making  the  trip  on  the 
half  clipper  ship  Visergus,  Captain  Cyrus  Sears, 
of  Cape  Cod.  They  sailed  from  Boston  with  a 
cargo  of  general  merchandise  and  seventy-fivo 
passengers,  rounded  ("ape  Horn,  and  after  a  pas- 
sage of  165  days  entered  the  port  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, arriving  February  22,  1859.  Charles  E. 
proceeded  to  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  and  S. 
G.  engaged  in  work  at  his  trade  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. In  1861  the  latter  went  to  Sacramento. 
In  that  city  he  was  married  to  Miss  Maria  L. 
I'^uller,  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  He  con- 
tin  irmI  work  at  his  trade  in  Sacramento  until  the 
terrible  freshet  of  January,  1802,  when  his 
household  effects  were  nearly  destroyed.  He 
then  sold  out,  returned  to  San,  Francisco,  and 
the  summer  following  joined  his  brother  in  Vic- 
toria, where  together  they  started  a  carriage 
manufactory,  and  conducted  the  same  four  years. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  the  partnership  was 
dissolved,  and  the  subject  of  our  sketch  came 
to  Portland.     His  brother  has  since  died. 

Arriving  in  Portlaml,  Mr.  Bunting  was  em- 
ployed us  superintendent  of  the  carriagt"  works 
of  Cooper  it  Lownsdale,  which  position  he  tilled 
for  four  years.  Then  lie  and  L.  .M.  Dyer  formed 
a  partnership  and  opeiieil  a  carriage  fa<'tory  on 
Second  street,  between  Oak  and  Stark  streets, 
which  they  continued  one  year.  Theco-partner- 
shin  of  Bunting  ife  Tracy  was  then  formed,  and 
took  the  shops  of  Lownsdale  (Mr.  Cooper  hav- 


828 


Ur STORY    OF    OHEOON. 


1         !'' 


iM 


iiig  (lieil).  and  operated  the  siime  tor  nine 
uiontlis.  Mr.  Tracy's  health  trtiliii<>;  at  tliat  time, 
Mr.  Bmitiiii;  bought  his  interest  and  ran  th(i 
shop  until  the  spring  of  1870,  when  he  removed 
to  the  corner  of  Second  and  Sahnon  streets, 
erected  a  two-atory  building,  35  \  UO  feet,  and 
did  an  extensive  business  in  every  department 
of  carriage  manufacturinu;.  turning  out  !)otli 
light  and  heavy  work,  and  doing  the  leading 
business  of  the  city,  emjiloying  from  fifteen  to 
twenty-tive  hands.  He  operated  this  establish- 
ment until  September,  1883,  when  he  sold  out 
his  tools,  stock  and  building  and  retired  from 
the  business,  and  since  then  has  traded  some- 
what in  real  estate.  He  owns  considerable  val- 
nable  projierty. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hunting  have  one  child, 
.Minnie  A. 

Politically,  he  is  a  Republican;  religiously,  a 
Methodist.  Since  18(37  he  has  been  a  faithful 
member  of  Taylor  Street  Methodist  Church, 
and  for  twenty-three  years  has  served  as  Stew- 
ard, fourteen  years  of  that  time  being  a  meTiiber 
of  the  choir.  He  is  an  honorable,  conscientious 
citizen,  ever  ready  to  assist  in  advancing  the  in- 
terests of  both  church  and  State. 


F|ENNY  H.  HEN  DEE. -Descended  from 
fl^jl  French  Protestants,  who,  on  account  of 
^^  their  religious  views,  were  e.\pelled  from 
Normandy  and  settleil  in  England,  Ilichard,  the 
ancestor  of  the  American  branch  of  the  Hendee 
family,  emigrated  to  the  United  States  with  the 
Puritans,  and  settled  in  Boston,  where  he  was 
married,  his  descendants  subse(juently  settling 
in  Connecticut.  The  family  was  not  highly 
educated,  but  its  members  were  honest,  and 
possessed  mcu'e  than  an  ordinary  amount  of 
physical   power. 

The  grandfather  of  our  subject  settlcvi  at 
Pittsford,  Vermont,  in  1773,  and  purchased  one 
right  of  land  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits under  the  disadvantages  incident  to  settle- 
ment in  a  new  country.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, Samuel  Hendee,  was  the  youngest  of  eight 
children,  born  in  1791,  and  married  Abigail 
['.line,  December  2,  1810.  He  was  an  indus- 
trious, quiet  and  faithful  man,  and  one  of  the 
Deacons  of  the  Haptist  Church.  He  lived  and 
died  upon  the  farm,  which  he  inherited  from 
his  father. 


Our  subject,  Denny  11.  Hendee,  was  the 
eighth  child  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  and 
was  born  on  the  old  farm  in  Vermont,  Febru- 
ary 2(3,  1826.  Lip  to  his  seventeenth  year  he 
lived  at  home,  attending  to  the  farm  duties  and 
enjoying  such  school  |>rivilege8  as  were  oil'ered 
at  the  district  school  one  mile  distant,  to  which 
he  walked  morning  and  evening  through  the 
winter  snow  and  driving  storms.  After  his 
mother's  death  in  1843  he  left  home  and  fol- 
lowed various  occupations  until  the  spring  of 
1844,  when  he  was  glad  to  get  back  to  the  farm 
again.  In  the  fall  of  1845  he  attended  the 
Brandon  Seminary,  continuing  until  the  sum- 
mer of  184(i,  when,  in  August,  he  went  to  New 
York  city  to  learn  the  new  and  wonderful  art  of 
taking  daguerreotypes,  after  acquiring  which 
he  traveled  through  New  Jersey  and  Pennt^yl- 
vania,  arriving  at  Wilkesbarre  in  the  fall  of 
1847;  was  there  at  the  departure  of  a  com|iany 
of  soldiers.  Returning  in  the  spring  of  1848, 
he  commenced  the  |)ractice  of  his  profession 
throughout  the  northern  part  of  New  York, 
until  news  was  received  of  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  California,  whe.i,  in  company  with  one  broth- 
er, he  started  by  steamer  for  (California,  in 
October,  1849,  landing  upon  the  I'oeks  at  Mont- 
gomery street,  San  Francisco,  .lanuary  10,  1850. 
The  city  was  then  a  rag  and  board  one,  with  a 
few  adobe  structures  and  the  old  Catholic  mis- 
sion. Oui'  subject  soon  found  employment  in 
the  only  art  gallery  in  the  city,  at  $25  per  week 
and  board,  daguerreotypes  then  selling  at  §16 
each.  In  May,  1850,  our  sultject  and  brother 
went  to  the  mines  near  Sonora,  subsequently 
purchasing  a  daguerreotype  outfit  from  an  emi- 
grant, then  followed  mining  and  taking  pictures 
at  !?16  each  until  January,  1851,  doing  a  pros- 
perous business  as  well  as  meeting  with  great 
success  ill  mining.  He  then  followed  his  artistic 
career  at  Stockton,  Marysville,  ami  through  the 
mining  camps,  until  the  spring  of  1853,  when 
he  letnrned  to  Marysville.  and  was  there  mar- 
rieil  to  Miss  E.  S.  Vineyard,  May  19,  1853. 
They  then  returned  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence 
by  sailing  vessel  to  Portland,  Oregon,  arriving 
June  10  following.  He  immediately  rente<l 
rofime  in  the  old  Canton  House  for  the  daguerre- 
otype business,  and  was  the  only  daguerreo- 
tyjier  in  town,  the  art  at  that  time  not  having 
advanced  beyoiul  the  daguerreotype  process. 
He  feoon  began  traveling  about  the  valley,  locating 
temjiorarily  at  Oregon  (!i?y,  Salem,  I,a  Fayette, 
Forest  Grove  and    liillsboro,  and    returned   to 


HiarORY    OF    OHRGON. 


S3» 


Portland,  in  185(5.  After  a  brief  interval  he 
retiirni'd  to  California  to  visit  frieiKls,  anil 
opi'Mcil  bnsiiiess  ot  Oroville,  wlicro  he  learned 
the  proceris  of  photojjrapliy,  and  continued  until 
1859,  when  he  again  visited  Oreijon,  with  tetn- 
porary  engagements  at  Shoal  Water  bay,  St. 
Helens  and  Vancouver,  locating  permanently 
in  Portland  in  1801,  and  continuing  a  general 
photographing  business. 

Our  subject  was  i)ereaved  by  the  death  of 
his  wife.  May  10,  1862.  This  union  had  been 
blessed  by  four  children,  three  of  whom  8\ir- 
vive:  Otlio  S.,  Samuel  H.,  Klla  Fanny  and  Ed- 
win L.  March  10,  1864,  Mr.  llendee  married 
Mrs.  Maria  (Ricker)  White,  a  native  of  Baiii, 
New  llainpsliire.  After  marriage  Mr.  llendee 
continued  business  until  IST'i,  when  he  was 
burned  out,  and  after  i-e-stocking,  sntfered  again 
by  the  destructive  tire  of  1873,  wbicli  burned 
out  iipward  of  tw'uty  blot.  s.  He  then  re- 
•  iiovud  to  Milwaukee,  where  he  owned  a  small 
ranch  of  si.xteen  acres,  ami  followed  farming 
and  the  fruit  culture.  In  1879  he  returi.ed  to 
New  Kngland  to  visit  old  friends,  and  in  1881 
again  started  the  j)liotogrrtpli  business  at  East 
Portland,  which  he  continued  until  1886,  when 
he  retired,  turning  the  business  over  to  hi  i. sons, 
Otlio  and  Edwin,  who  are  still  carrying  .'t  for- 
ward. Having  purchased  land  upon  upper 
Fifth  street,  [.artially  improved,  Mr.  Ilonrlec 
tnade  other  improvements,  and  now  resides  at 
N(x  456  Fifth  street,  in  the  enjoyment  of  every 
necessary  comfort.  For  seven  years  our  sub- 
ject served  as  a  volunteer  fireman,  and  is  now  a 
member  of  the  veteran  association,  lie  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  though  not  active.  After 
a  lite  of  great  activity,  lie  is  passing  the  closing 
years  in  peace  and  contentment  and  in  the 
enjoyment  of  scientilic  research,  in  which  he  is 
deeply  interested. 


^ON.  HEN  RV  J.  HEAN  was  born  in  Hethel, 
O.xford  county,  Maine,  .November  13, 
1853.  Ilis  father,  Timothy  Bean,  was  a 
native  of  Maine.  Here  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Swift,  a  native  of  Maine.  The  liappy 
couple  settled  upon  a  farm,  where  they  brought 
ii()  their  family.  The  father,  in  1866,  "emigratoe 
to  Oregon  for  the  pnrpo.se  of  seeking  his  fortune 
in  the  new  West.  He  remained  here  until  1876, 
and  then    returned    to    his    family,   who  were 


left  behind,  and  returned  to  Oregon.  Umatilla 
county,  where  he  resides. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  a  farmer 
boy  and  attended  the  public  school  until  he  ac- 
quired his  primary  education,  lie  then  went 
to  Gould's  and  North  Yarmouth  Academy,  and 
finished  his  education  there.  He  then  enj^aged 
in  the  study  of  law  with  tlie  well-known  judge, 
Enoch  Foster,  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Maine.  Mr.  Heap  was  admitted  to  the  practice 
of  law  in  1881,  and  in  the  same  year  he  came 
to  Oregon  an'!  opened  a  law  office  in  Pendleton, 
and  in  a  short  time  he  was  appointed  City  At- 
torney of  Pendleton,  and  afterward  elected  City 
Kijcorder  of  the  city.  Our  subject  became  so 
'v'ell-known  and  so  ))0pnlar  that  he  was  nomi- 
nated on  the  Republican  ticket,  in  a  Democratic 
county,  for  the  Representative  of  Uniantilla 
county  to  the  Legislature,  and  was  elected  by  a 
good  majority.  He  served  his  county  with 
credit  and  honor,  both  to  himself  and  his  county 
also,,  and  now  he  has  his  office  in  Pendleton, 
where  he  has  a  good  practice.  Judge  Bean  re- 
ceived the  appointment  as  United  States  Com- 
missioner in  18!)0,  and  has  won  his  popularity 
by  his  strict  honesty  and  attention  to  business. 
Mr.  Bean  has  been  very  successful  in  life.  He 
has  an  interest  in  the  Blue  Mountain  Planing 
Mill  (recently  burned),  and  the  Shingle  Mills. 
and  is  doing  a  large  business  in  that  line..  Be- 
sides owning  his  own  property  he  owns  several 
residences  which  he  rents. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1886,  to  Miss 
Mattie  Magahey,  a  native  of  Ohio,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  187i<,  she  being  an  orphan  girl,  who 
was  reared  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ilawley,  a  Methodist 
Episcopal  minister,  who  formerly  resided  in  St. 
Louis.  This  union  is  blesseil  with  two  children, 
Grace  and  Hawley.  Judge  Bean  is  a  Mason 
and  belong,?  to  Lodge  No.  .S3,  of  Pendleton,  and 
has  filled  all  the  offices  in  the  lodge. 


IDWARL)  KIDDLE  was  born  in  Warren, 
llMmds.  July  15,  18(')2.  His  father,  Kred 
Kiddle,  was  born  in  England  and  came  to 
America  with  his  parents  when  about  fifteen 
years  old.  He  was  a  miller  by  trade.  Mr. 
Kiddle  married  .Mary  Noyes,  also  a  native  of 
P]ngland,  who  came  to  Atnerica  when  a  voung 
woman.  The  rmirriage  occurred  September  27, 
1859.  The  birth  of  the  father  occurred  March 
9,    1838,   and  the   mother's,   March  17,  1841. 


S,!|. 


;);!() 


HISTOfiV    OF    ORKaoN. 


Mr.  Kidillo  is  now  living  in  Nebraska,  hut  liis 
wit'n  liied  in  1877.  Thoy  iiad  tiireo  cliiidren, 
niiniely;  Ida,  now  Mrs.  Head;  Edward,  our 
eul.iject,  and  Fred,  Jr.  The  (lidost  and  youngest 
of  tiie  family  are  now  residinj^^  in  Jefferson, 
Iowa. 

Tiie  parents  of  our  subject  reuioved  to  tin; 
southern  part  of  Missouri,  where  tliey  retnained 
but  a  short  time,  and  tlien  removed  to  Paola, 
Kansas.  From  there  our  sul)ject  removed  to 
Hamilton,  Missouri,  to  learn  the  miller's  trade, 
aTid  served  as  an  apprentice  in  a  mill  for  six 
years;  then  went  to  Nortonville,  Kansas,  where 
he  worked  in  a  n'iil  for  one  year,  and  in  June, 
188().  came  to  Oregon,  first  settling  in  Union, 
wiiere  lie  now  resides.  Tiie  first  three  years  of 
his  residence  in  Union  he  worked  in  a  mill,  and 
then  eufTiiged  in  shipping  live-stock,  following 
tliat  calling  at  the  jiresent  time.  He  received 
the  appointment  <if  Deputy  County  Assessor,  in 
18!J0.  In  April,  18!)2,  he  received  the  nomina- 
tion for  the  office  of  County  Assessor  oji  the 
Kepublican   ticket. 

Mr.  Kiddle  was  married  in  iiamilton,  Mis- 
souri, to  Miss  Emma  Walling,  J uiy  27,  1884. 
This  lady  was  born  in  Wauconda,  Illinois,  iVlarch 
15.  18t)4,  a  daughter  of  Myron  and  Maria  Wal- 
ling, luitivesof  New  York,  born  March  9,  1820. 
and  April  25.  1820,  respectively.  Mrs.  Walling 
died-  Miirch  7,  1889.  8i.\  children  were  bcjrn 
to  them,  of  whom  o\\\y  two  are  now  living:  Mrs. 
Kiddle  and  a  sister,  Ida,  who  is  now  residing 
with  lier  father  in  Missouri.  Mr.  and  Mrs 
ividdle  have  had  four  children,  namely:  Merton, 
born  October  8,  1885;  Netia  M.,  born  January 
8,  1888;  Greta,  liorn  Ai)r;i  29,  1889;  and 
Frank,  born  June  29,  1890,  died  August  81, 
1891.  Mr.  Kiddle  is  a  Mason  and  Master  of 
tiie  Blue  Lodge,  and  Permanent  Scribe  of  the 
(Trand  Kound  Valley  Chapter.  He  is  also  a 
mem  tier  of  the  Knight  Templar  Commandery, 
of  Portland.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kiddle  are 
prominent  and  pojiular  members  of  Union. 


LEIIEMIAII  nOANE,  D.  D.,  Professor  of 
J  Systematic  Theology  at  Portland  I^niver- 
*TM^  sity,  was  l)orn  in  Eastiiam.  I'arnstable 
county.  Massacluisetts.  January  22.  1820.  He 
traces  his  ancestry  buck  to  Deacon  John  Doane. 
who  was  born  in  Eiiurland  in  1590,  and  came 
over  from  Eu.-ope  to  IMymouth  about  1621,  and 
settled  in  the  Colony,  and  was  one  of  ifs  assistant 


(toveriiors  for  many  yiiars.  During  this  time  he 
was  one  of  a  committee  of  five  sent  out  in  search 
of  a  better  place  than  Plymoutii,  to  which  the 
colony  might  be  removed.  The  committee  de- 
cided on  Nuiiset,  (the  natne  of  the  first  tribe  of 
Indians  seen  by  the  Pilgrims,  which  was  soon 
after  changed  to  East  ham,  in  the  records  of  the 
colony).  Cape  Cod,  as  a  good  place  for  raising 
8U]iplies,  but  being  too  limited  in  extent  f^r  tiie 
home  of  the  colony,  it  was  determined  to  re- 
main at   Plymouth. 

Deacon  John  lived  at  Plymouth  until  lt)44, 
when  he  moved  to  Eastham  and  spent  the  bal- 
ance of  his  life,  <lieil  and  was  l)uried  in  1685,  at 
ninety-five  years  of  age. 

Tile  family  are  now  broadly  scattered  through 
the  Eastern,  Middle,  Western  and  Paci lie  States, 
Nova  Scotia  and  Austr.^lia,  and  all  by  the  name 
of  Uoane  trace  back  to  the  same  ancestry.  With 
the  later  development  of  the  shipping  anil  fish- 
ing industries  of  Cape  Cod  tiie  family  gradually 
diverted  from  .agricultural  to  sea-faring  lives, 
and  the  father  of  our  subject,  Nehemiuh  Doane, 
followed  the  sea.  He  married  Ilannaii  Crowell, 
a  woman  of  Puritan  ancestry  and  sterling 
characteristics,  and  by  her  had  several  children. 

Dr.  DoaiK!  was  educated  in  the  cotnim>n 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  for  several  terms 
was  employed  as  teacdier  in  one  of  them;  and 
subsequently  entered  the  academy  at  liolliston, 
Massachusetts,  and  after  two  and  a  half  years 
became  teacher  in  that  institution.  Here,  by 
excessive  study,  he  so  injured  his  eyes  that  it 
was  deemed  prudent  to  leave  scdiool  for  a  time 
and  travel  in  the  West.  Aftera  few  months  lie 
opened  a  select  school  at  Cadiz,  Oiiio,  where  lie 
taught  a  full  year. 

In  the  spring  of  1847  he  entered  the  scho  d 
now  known  as  the  Boston  Schor>l  of  Theology, 
then  located  at  (-oncord.  New  Hampshire.  Tliis 
was  the  tirst  institution  of  the  kind  established 
l)y  the  .Methodist  fc^piscopal  Church,  ami  Mr. 
Doane  was  one  of  its  first  students.  After  re- 
maining there  two  and  a  liai!  years  he  secured 
throngli  Professor  (afterward  Bishop)  Baker,  the 
appointment  liy  the  Missionary  Board  of  the 
ciiurcli  as  Superintendent  of  the  Oregon  Insti- 
tute, located  by  the  earlier  missionaries  at  Salem. 
This  at  that  time  was  a  foreign  mission  of  the 
clinrch,  and  more  ditHcnlt  to  reach,  either  by 
land  or  sea,  than  any  mission  field  at  the  present 
time. 

He  was  married  at  S|iringfield.  Vermont, 
Sejiteinber  10,  1849.  to  Miss  Matilda  Draper,  a 


:  !l  i    ! 


JlhSTOHV    OF    OREGON. 


Slil 


iisxtive  of  tlmt  Stat«,  ami  u  student  of  the  Spriiij;;- 
lield  Seniiiiiiry.  October  IG,  IS-t!',  lie  and  liis 
wife  einliarked  from  New  York  on  tlie  steamer 
Empire  City,  via  the  iBtiiniiis  of  Panama,  for 
tiieir  new  field  of  labor.  They  crossed  the  Isth- 
inns  by  traveling  up  the  Clmgres  river  in  a 
"dugout,"  and  thence  on  horseback  to  Panama. 
There  they  remained  ten  days,  and  during  that 
time  Mr.  Doane  delivered  the  first  serinon  ever 
preached  at  Panama  by  a  representative  of  the 
i\fethodist  Kpiscopal  Church.  In  due  course 
they  took  passage  on  the  .steamer  Oregon  for 
Siin  Francisco,  at  which  place  they  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  schooner  Mary  Taylor  for  Astoria, 
the  passage  for  each  in  the  schooner  being  $100. 
In  the  Mary  Taylor  they  e.xperienced  a  terrible 
voyage,  the  vessel  being  (^ast  upon  her  beam 
ends  and  all  l)ut  shipwrecked,  and  then  driven 
before  the  gale.  It  was  thus  they  entered  the 
unknown  hai'bor  of  what  later  proved  to  be  San 
Juan  Inlet,  Vancouver  Island,  and  there  re- 
mained until  the  storm  §ubsided.  They  then 
landed  in  safety  at  Astoria.  A  party  of  eight 
WHS  there  made  up  who  paid  three  sailors  $100 
each  to  row  the  party  to  Portlau<l.  This  trip 
consumed  nine  days  and  was  made  in  a  whale 
boat,  with  little  |)rotection  from  wind  or  weather, 
arriving  at  Portland  in  January,  1850.  There  Mr. 
Doane  accepted  the  hospitality  of  J.  S.  Smith, 
and  after  si.\  days  they  started  up  the  river  in  a 
small  vessel  owned  l)y  the  Hudson's  BayCom- 
])any.  The  first  day  they  reached  Milwaukee 
and  there  passed  the  night.  The  following  day 
tliey  proceeded  about  four  miles  against  the 
strong  current,  and  in  the  dusk  of  evening 
started  with  an  Indian  guide  to  a  house  not  far 
distant,  expecting  there  to  pass  the  night;  but 
the  darkness  settled  upon  them,  the  guide  ran 
away,  it  was  too  dark  to  return  in  safety,  and  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Doane  passed  the  night  in  the  woods, 
their  only  protection  being  the  shelter  of  a  fallen 
tree,  and  having  no  supper.  The  followiiigday 
they  reached  Oregon  City,  and  there  remained 
three  weeks,  until  the  Snperintendent  of  Mis- 
sions at  Salem  conld  be  notified.  Thoy  arrived 
at  Salem  about  (he  15th  of   February. 

Arrived  at  his  destination,  Mr.  Doane  at  once 
took  charge  of  the  institution,  which,  through 
the  gold  excitement  of  California  and  the  clos- 
ing of  other  schools,  was  increased  to  about 
100  pupils.  lie  and  his  wife  both  taught  for 
three  terms,  receiving  ordy  §500  per  year.  Pro- 
visi(UiB  were  high.  They  paid  (iO  cents  per  pound 
for  sugar  and  |2  a  pound  for  saleratns.    A  pair 


of  boots  cost  $16,  and  other  things  sold  in  pro- 
portion. 

Early  in  1851  the  school  was  taken  by  Rev. 
F.  S.  Iloyt,  and  Mr.  Doane  removed  to  Port- 
land to  condnct  the  mission  school,  and  (he 
pupils  for  miles  around  all  gathered  in  one 
small  room.  In  September,  1851,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  church  in  Oregon  City,  and  there 
otHciateil  for  two  years,  while  his  wife  taught 
the  small  school.  This  ])astorate  was  followed 
by  appointments  at  Yam  Hill,  Dallas,  Corvallis 
and  Albany  up  to  1859,  when  he  was  appointed 
Presiding  Elder  of  the  Puget  Sound  District, 
with  headquarters  at  Olympia,  where  he  offici- 
ated fonr  years.  The  i\ext  two  years  he  was 
pastor  at  Seattle,  after  which  he  was  Presiding 
Elder  of  PorthiTid  District  one  year,  ami  was 
one  year  Centenary  Agent.  Again  he  was  ap- 
pointed I'residing  Elder  of  the  Salem  District, 
and  served  four  years.  During  his  service  on 
the  Sound  he  traveled  in  a  small  boat,  often 
making  forty  miles  per  day,  rowing  himself, 
sleeping  at  night  under  the  protection  of  the 
boat,  and  always  escaping  the  many  dangers 
from  the  Indians,  who  were  ever  alert  to  mur- 
der and  steal.  In  1873  he  returned  to  pastor- 
ate life  and  was  located  at  the  Dalles,  East  Port 
land,  Shedd's  Circuit,  McMinnville  Circuit, 
Dayton,  Port  Towusend  and  Salem.  On  account 
of  illness  in  his  family,  he  retired  from  pastr)rate 
service  and  accepted  a  lectureship  in  Theology 
in  tlie  Willamette  University,  it  having  been 
for  some  time  his  anxious  desire  to  organize  a 
theological  institute  upon  the  coast.  This  case 
of  sickness  secured  to  him  a  proviiiential  inter- 
position ami  the  opening  of  the  wa;;  to  his  long 
cherished  hopes.  During  the  three  succeeding 
years  he  wrote  and  delivered  188  lectures,  and 
was  then  elected  Professur  of  Systcanatic  Theo- 
logy, which  position  he  lilled  f c  r  two  years, 
tendering  his  resignation  at  the  end  of  that 
time. 

With  Ihe  establishment  of  the  Portland  Uni- 
versity, Dr.  Doane  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Systematic  Theology,  which  position  he  still 
tills,  having  unbounded  laith  in  the  future  of 
the  new  institution.  Du.'ing  his  .service  of  forty 
year*  Dr.  Doane  has  never  had  a  vacation,  leave 
of  absence  or  been  off  duty.  He  has  been  tho 
dispenser  of  great  spiritual  benefit,  has  enjoyed 
many  revivals  and  added  large  numbers  to  the 
church. 

The  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Doane  have  five  chil- 
dren living,  viz.:  Osmund   D.,  a  physician  and 


33S 


mSTOlir    OF    <)REGON. 


lif 


surgeon  at  the  Dalles;  Orviile  L.,  a  fiiriner  at 
V»8lion  Islaiiil,  I'lii^et  Smiiiil ;  Qiiiiin  T.,  a  lead- 
ing coiitractor  of  Spokane;  Alary  I).;  ami  Prince 
All)ert,  engaged  witii  his  i)rother  Quinii  at 
Spokane. 

Dr.  Doane  is  the  oldest  minister  of  any  de- 
iioniiiiation  wiio  has  l)een  continuously  con- 
nected with  the  church  work  of  Oregon.  As 
probationer  or  nieniher  he  has  attended  forty- 
three  conferences  on  the  coast.  In  1876  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  at  Haiti- 
more,  and  in  1891  a  delegate  of  the  Oregon  (Con- 
ference to  the  Ecumenical  Conference  held  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  He  has 
addetl  to  the  Christian  literatuie  of  his  day  by 
the  following  publications:  "  Infant  Baptisrn 
lii'ielly  Considered;"  "Miracles  Wrought  in 
Autlientication  of  CMiristianity.  not  Designed  to 
be  Perpetuated;"  and,  "Have  Christians  Ade- 
quate Authority  for  Observing  Sunday,  the  First 
Day  of  the  Week,  as  the  Sabbath?" 

i  V.  Doane  and  his  estimable  wife  are  in  the 
enjoyment  of  comfortable  health  and  a  peaceful, 
hap|)y  home,  and  an  hour  passed  in  their  society 
is  tilled  with  soul  refreshment.  Their  lives  are 
ivorthy  of  Christian  emulation. 


^^AM^^S  B.  WYATT,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
J^H  1850,  was  born  in  Milton,  Vermont,  in 
Sf^  1828.  His  parents,  John  and  Olive 
(Brock)  W^yatt,  were  natives  of  the  State  of 
Vermont.  John  Wyatt  removed  his  family  to 
Castleton,  Vermont,  in  1836.  Occupation, 
clothier.  His  children,  three  sons  and  two 
daughters,  -Fames  being  the  youngest,  all 
worked  more  or  less  in  the  factory.  Later  in 
life  he  purchased  a  water-|;ovvor  and  sawmill, 
and  from  this  on  gave  most  of  his  attention  to 
the  lumbering  business. 

James  was  educated  in  ('astleton  Seminary, 
a  well-known  institution,  established  at  an  early 
day  in  the  history  of  Vermont.  lie  also  hel|)ed 
his  father  in  and  about  the  sawmill  and  factory. 
At  the  age  of  eiifhttien  he  engageil  as  clerk  in 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Uydeville. 

In  the  fall  of  184S),  having  reached  his  ma- 
jority, he  with  other  friends  started  for  the 
gold  mines  of  ('alifornia.  The  excitement  run- 
ning high  just  at  that  time,  he  left  New  York 
City,  as  did  many  others,  with  a  steamer  ticket 
for  charges,  being  told  that  they  could  get 
them  in  Panama  for  Sun  Francisco  just  as  well 


as  in  New  York  City.  lie  loft  the  latter  place 
the  first  week  in  Sept(!Uiber,  on  steamship 
(Jrescent  City,  spent  four  days  in  a  large  dug- 
Oiit,  with  ton  other  jiassengers  and  four  natives 
to  row,  and  baggag(^  on  the  Chagress,  and  one 
day  to  walk  with  a  good-si/.ed  pack  on  their 
backs,  from  Cruces  to  Panama.  Here  they 
found,  say,  1,800  passengers  waiting  the  arrival 
of  either  of  the  three  steamers,  plying  between 
the  hitter  place  and  San  Francisco,  and  (juite 
impossible  to  obtain  a  steainer  ticket.  So  he 
worked  his  passage  upon  the  old  steamer  Cali- 
fornia, Captain  Budtl,  A.  B.  Forbes,  purser. 
Later  ^Ir.  Forbes  was  agent  for  that  steamship 
company  in  San  Francisco. 

They  arrived  safely  in  San  Francisco,  De- 
cember 5,  1849.  Learning  that  the  water  was 
too  high  for  river  mining,  they  thought  best  to 
remain  on  the  steamer  for  wages  and  make  the 
trip  to  Panama  and  back.  Reached  San  Fran- 
cisco again  in  February.  The  steamer  was  de- 
tained at  the  island  of  Taboga,  near  Panama, 
for  repairs.  Mr.  Wyatt  went  to  the  mines  on 
the  North  Yuba  river,  also  to  the  "Jim  C'ow," 
or  "Kanaka,"  diggings  between  the  north  and 
jniddle  Yuba;  was  also  at  *•  Downioville."  His 
health  failed  him,  so  that  he  thought  best  to 
return  to  San  Francisco,  on  arrival  at  which 
place  he  learned  that  his  trunk  had  gone  up  in 
smoke,  with  many  others,  in  the  June  tire 
(1850.)  Accordingly  he  had  to  be  content  with 
what  was  left  of  the  mining  outtit.  His  phy- 
sician advising  a  change  of  climate,  he  em- 
barked on  the  steamship  Oregon  and  duly  ar- 
rived at  Astoria,  Oregon,  and  thence  on  up  the 
Columbia  river  on  the  small  side-wheel  steamer 
('iilumbia  to  Portland,  thinking  it  best  for  his 
health  and  purse  to  locate  in  the  country.  He 
took  passage  by  ox  team  for  the  Tualatin  phiins, 
a  tine  farming  country  in  Washington  county, 
and  passed  the  winter  with  liev.  J.  S.  (irirtin 
and  family  near  Ilillsboro.  Ills  health  so 
much  imj)roved  by  spring  that  he  concluded  to 
work  a  portion  of  Mr.  Griffin's  large  farm  that 
season  with  another  man,  wlio  was  well  up  in 
farming,  and  succeeded  nicely. 

In  the  spring  of  1852  he  began  (dwrking  for 
Mr.  Frank  Brown  in  a  howed-log  store  at  For- 
est (trove.  Subsequently  Mr.  Brown  sold  out 
and  opened  another  store  in  the  town  of  Marys- 
ville,  now  Corvallis.  Again  selling  out  he  re- 
turned east.  Mr.  Wyatt  remaining  with  him  up 
to  this  time,  but  returned  to  Portland  in  1856, 
securing  a    position  in   the  well-known    whole- 


HISTORY    OP    OREGON. 


83S 


sale  lionse  of  Allen  &  Lewis.  In  the  fall  of 
1S57  lie  returned  to  Vermont  for  a  visit  to  liis 
i)iirents.  His  inotiier  iunnfr  in  poor  health,  lie 
remained  Ionian-  than  he  had  piaiined  for,  Imt 
eventnaliv  retn-ned  to  clerkin<r  again  for  Allen 
A'  Lewis  In  Portland.  In  1865  he  was  married. 
lie  remained  with  that  house  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1808,  when  with  his  wife  lie  niailc  a 
visit  to  his  old  home  in  Vermont,  via  the  Pan- 
ama route,  lie  returned  to  Portland  the  fol- 
lowing February  liy  the  same  route. 

Thinking  best  to  start  a  business  for  himself, 
lie  bought  a  hardware  inisiness  in  Albany,  and 
added  to  it  the  office  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Go.'s 
express  business,  he  acting  as  agent.  Si.\  years 
afterwanl  he  closetl  this  business,  with  an  eye 
to  bettering  himself  if  possible,  and  in  duo 
time  located  in  Astoria.  At  this  time  he  is 
one  of  the  prominent  business  men  of  that 
city  by  the  sea,  a  dealer  in  hardware,  ship- 
chiindlery  and  groceries.  ' 

He  has  one  child,  a  son,  J.  C.  Wyatt,  now  of 
age  and  a  clerk  in  the  well-known  drug  store  of 
Dr.  O.  P.  S  Pluinmer  in  Portland.  During 
Mr.  Wyatt's  residence  in  Portland,  he  was 
prominently  connected  with  the  musical  circles. 
lie  conducted  the  choir  in  the  First  Presbyte- 
rian (Jhurcli  for  yers,  and  also  for  six  years  the 
Portland  Pliilharinonic  Society,  with  credit  to 
himself  and  perfect  satisfaction  to  the  society, 
who  presented  him  with  several  liandeoine 
souvenirs  commemorative  of  their  high  esteem 
of  his  efficient  service.  He  is  very  popular 
among  the  lovers  of  music  in  that  city.  Music 
has  been  the  past-time  in  Mr.  Wyatt's  life, 
though  in  no  sense  has  it  interfered  with  his 
business  relations,  which  he  earnestly  and  coii- 
iseientionsly  pursues. 

•ILLIAM  H.  EWIN,  M.  D.,  one  of .  the 
prominent  physicians  of  Union  City, 
was  born  in  Warren  county,  Missouri, 
May  1,  1868,  and  was  the  fifth  child  in  a  family 
of  seven  children  born  to  Henry  G.  and  Martha 
P.  (i'ritchett)  Kwin,  both  natives  of  Missouri, 
now  living  at  Indepeinlenee,  in  their  native 
State.  The  father  is  a  bookkeeper  by  occnpa- 
tion,  and  of  his  family  the  following  are  still 
living,  namely;  Dr.  Charles  E.  Ewin,  now  prac- 
ticing medicine  at  Independence,  Missouri; 
Myra  W.,  a  teacher  in  the  High  School  of  Inde- 
iii 


pendence;  Joseph,  Sarah  M.,   and    William    II. 

After  our  subject  had  litted  himself  at  the 
common  schools  he  entered  the  Wuodlaiid  Uni- 
versity at  Independence,  Missouri,  and  atteiideil 
there  a  short  time;  he  then  commenced  to  read 
medicine  under  his  brother.  Dr.  (!.  E.  Ewin, 
and  worked  in  a  drug  store  to  get  means  to  at- 
tend lectures.  After  he  completed  his  studies 
he  attended  the  Medical  University  at  Kansas 
(Jity  and  received  his  diploma  March  18,  18<J1, 
gi'aduating  in  a  class  of  tliirty  with  high  honors. 
He  commenced  jn-actice  in  IndependeiK^e,  but 
only  remained  there  a  short  time,  concluding  to 
try  a  now  country.  His  choice  fell  upon  Union 
county  for  his  future  home.  He  landed  in  Cove. 
Union  county,  in  18!Jl,and  remained  there  until 
April,  18U2,  when  he  removed  to  Union,  same 
county.  In  Cove  he  workid  up  a  good  practice, 
and  it  was  only  to  enlarge  his  territory  of  use- 
fulness that  he  made  the  change.  He  now  does 
a  practice  of  $3110  per  month,  and  is  the  leading 
physician  of  Union. 

Although  the  Doctor  had  a  hard  time  to  get 
through  his  medical  studies  on  account  of  lack 
of  means,  he  was  enabled  to  do  so  by  the  kind- 
ness of  his  sister,  and  now  he  is  in  a  position  to 
repay  her  kindnesses  with  interest.  Dr.  Ewin 
is  nicely  situated  on  Main  street,  in  the  city  of 
Union,  in  a  neat  little  office,  where  everyone  is 
well  treated,  whether  rich  or  poor.  Dr.  Ewin 
has  a  comfortable  living,  and  fair  prosjiects  of 
becoming  one  of  the  wealthy  men  of  this  sec- 
tion. 


^g^..E=#^^ 


^^€-1 


kON.  J.  W.  MERRITT.— There  is  probably 
no  name  more  familiar  to  the  people  of 
Jackson  county  than  that  of  J.  W.  Mer- 
ritt.  He  has  been  a  resident  of  the  county  since 
1875,  and  during  his  residence  in  the  State  has 
figured  prominently  in  the  educational  history 
of  .Jackson  cou?'*y.  He  was  born  in  Syracuse, 
New  York,  lie  grew  up,  inured  to  the  hard- 
ships of  farm  I'fe,  being  a  self-educated  man. 
He  attended  the  i  'tate  Normal  School  at  Oswego, 
New  York,  graduating  in  1875,  and  in  the  same 
year  accepted  a  call  from  the  Jackson  county 
school  board  and  caine  here  under  contract.  On 
his  arrival  at  .f  acksonville  he  at  once  took  charge 
of  the  school  ami  filled  the  position  of  Princi- 
pal for  ten  successive  years.  At  the  end  of  that 
tiu'.e  heongaged  in  mercantile  business  until  1889 
when  he  established  himself  at  Central  Point, 


3;!4 


HISTORY    Oh'    OltKOON. 


wlini'c  liecarries  ii  woll-aelectt'd  stoyk  of  all  kinds 
of  iiiercliaiulist*,  except  lianlware.  He  is  coii- 
Bidfioil.  by  tlioM-  ill  a  nositinn  to  know,  one  of 
tlie  most  eiiterprisiiij;  iind  pi'ojfressix-o  biiiiiness 
men  ill  saiitiii'in  <>re),'oii.  Many  of  the  enter- 
prises in  roiitic'ctioii  with  wiiicli  lie  is  duly  en- 
titled to  praise  iiitift  in'  omitted  in  this  brief 
sketch  from  the  fact  hiat  lie  deelines  to  be  in- 
terviewed, on  these  an<l  kindred  subjects,  as  he 
does  not  seek  notoriety  in  any  form;  however,  it 
is  but  just  to  that  gentleman  that  we  should 
ineiitioii  some  of  the  important  enterprises  with 
which  he  has  been  connected.  He  is  one  of  the 
Htockhuldersundsiicrctary  of  the  Southern  ()reii;on 
Lumber  and  Mann  fact  iirint;  (Company,  ii  „or- 
porated  in  1890.  The  plant  is  operated  by  steam 
power  and  has  a  yearly  output  of  $10,000  worth 
of  material,  while  the  capital  stock  consists  of 
the  same  amount.  He  is  one  of  the  directors 
and  members  of  the  Jackson  (louiity  Airricnl- 
tnral  Association  with  a  capital  stock  of  §*^,0()0. 
Mr.  ]V[erritt  has  shown  his  faith  in  the  future 
prosperity  of  Central  I'oiiit  by  making  invest- 
ments there  in  property.  He  has  always  been 
a  Republican.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
State  r.ejfislatiire  for  two  yoars  ))ast.  and  June 
Hi.  18!>2,  was  airaiii  elected  on  tlie  same  ticket, 
dearly  demonstrating  his  popularity  in  thocoin- 
iiiuiiity,  as  the  county  is  lar<;ely  Democratic. 
He  is  certainly  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ex- 
ecutive abilit}',  as  we  are  informed  by  his  towns- 
men that,  through  his  energetic  efforts  he  suc- 
ceeded in  piissing  through  the  Legislature  a  fran- 
chise in  favor  of  the  Sugar,  I'ine.  Flume  and 
Lumber  Company,  over  the  (iovernor's  veto. 
Owing  to  Mr.  Merritt's  objection  to  any  matter 
whicli  might  be  misconstrued  into  iKjtoriety  we 
are  compelled  to  leive  much  important  matter 
untold  ill  this  sketch,  but  deem  it  prudent  and 
in  justice  to  the  community  to  at  least  place  his 
name  in  the  category  to  which  it  justly  belongs. 

P.  MAriTVN,the  popular  proprietor 
of  Hentoii  county  [ilaning  mill,  is  a 
I*  native  of  Cornwall  county,  England, 
■where  he  was  Horn  September  3,  1835.  His 
parents,  Charles  and  Lucy  (Pope)  Martyn.  were 
both  natives  of  Cornwall.  They  hail  five  children, 
of  whom  the  subject  of  onr  sketch  was  the  eld- 
est.    The  parents  are  both  now  dead. 

Mr.  Martyn  received  a  liberal  education,  and 


entered  tiio  apprenticeship  to  his  trade  in  his 
early  teens,  under  the  8U|)ervision  of  his  father, 
who  was  a  thorough  carpenter  and  joiner.  The 
son  soon  gave  great  jiromise  of  excelling  in  this 
trade,  which  he  has  successfully  followed  ever 
since. 

In  1855  Mr.  Martyn  left  his  native  country 
and  went  to  Canada,  where  he  remained  but  a 
short  time,  but  soon  after  removed  to  Ottawa, 
La  Salle  county,  Hlinois,  where  he  followed  his 
trade  until  1801.  About  this  time  he  went  to 
Douglass  county,  Kansas,  and  located  in  the  city 
of  Lawrence,  where  he  remained  until  1876. 

He  then  (^ame  to  California  in  that  year,  and 
for  the  first  three yeniB  following  resided  in  San 
Francisco.  In  1878  he  came  to  Harrisburg. 
Liiiii  county.  Oregon,  ami  in  1887  moved  to  (Jor- 
vallis,  Henton  county,  where,  in  1888,  he  estab- 
lished his  present  mill.  The  building  for  this 
was  at  Krst  designed  for  the  mannfai-tuie  of  hay 
presses,  of  Mr.  .Martyii's  own  design,  which  he 
manufactured  for  one  year,  when  the  building 
Was  arranged  to  accommodate  machinery  for  a 
planing  mill,  for  which  purpose  it  has  since  l)een 
conducted.  The  plant  is  thoroughly  eijuipped 
with  all  the  necessary  machinery  of  the  xcry  latest 
and  most  improved  pattern  which  is  required  in  a 
tirst-cMass  mill,  an<l  turns  out  everything  usually 
made  at  planing  mills,  such  as  doors,  windows, 
brackets,  frames,  together  with  all  kinds  of 
mouldings,  etc.  He  is  the  sole  projirietor,  and 
superintends  it  in  person.  i?eing  aneiiiinently 
skilled  mechanic,  and  giving  his  whole  atten- 
tion to  the  biioiness,  he  is  enabled  to  furnish 
material  to  contractors  at  the  lowest  com|)etiitg 
prices,  antl  all  work  turned  out  is  warranted  to 
be  as  represented,  both  in  ipiantity  and  quality. 
He  has  thus  gained  a  reputation  for  reliability, 
which  has  greatly  enlarged  his  trade,  which  ex- 
tends to  a  considerable  distance  among  the  peo- 
ple of  the  surronnding  country. 

Mr.  Martyn  was  married  on  May  3,  18(53,  in 
Lawrence,  Kansas,  to  Miss  Emma  Perry,  an  es- 
timable lady,  and  a  native  of  England.  They 
have  five  children  living:  Charles  W.,  Annie, 
John  F.,  Emma  and  Jennie;  two  daughters  died 
in  infancy. 

In  politics  Mr.  Martyn  is  a  Republican,  al- 
though ho  takes  no  active  interest  in  political 
matters,  other  then  desiring  the  best  interests 
of  his  country  and  State  subserved. 

Ho  is  highly  esteemed  in  his  community  as 
an  honorable,  intelligent  .vnd  progressive  busi- 
ness man  and  a  worthy  citizen. 


nisrOBl'    OF    OHKOOS. 


•i\V, 


ity. 
lity, 

ex- 
peo- 

ii) 

es- 

They 

iiiie, 

(liwl 


fOlIN  T.  DONNELLY,  of  liiiker  City,  Oie- 
^011,  one  of  the  most  lii,!j;lily  rcspecteil  unci 
nipidly  I'isinij;  yoiitijj;  men  of  tliis  place,  was 
born  lit  New  Hope,  Ihu^ks  connty.  J'eniiBylva- 
iiia,  Marc-li  21,  1801,  liis  piironts  lieinir  natives 
ol'  Irelanil,  wlio  came  to  this  conntry  when  (jnite 
young.  Tiie  father,  at  tiie  outbreak  of  the  lie- 
bijliion,  enlisteil  in  a  Pennsylvania  regiment  and 
Serveil  until  hid  death  in  18(i;3  Previously  he 
had  married  Miss  I[aninih  Thornton,  wiu)  bore 
him  one  child,  our  subject,  thtdr  married  life 
having  been  l)rief.  .lolin's  educational  advan- 
tages were  very  good,  he,  after  attending  the 
public  schools  of  Pennsylvania,  going,  sncces- 
sivL'ly  to  the  seminaries  at  Westchester,  New 
York,  anil  at  Doylestown,  Pennsylvania.  Being 
full  of  ambition,  he.  at  the  age  of  6evei'.(een. 
started  for  the  far-off"  I'aciHc  coast,  reaching 
liaker  (Mty  in  1878.  When  Im  bought  his 
ticket  he  made  the  mistake  of  taking  it  for 
Hoise  City  instead  of  Baker  City,  8up|)0sing  the 
two  were  neighboring  jjlaces.  Periuiless  when 
he  reached  the  former  place,  he  related  the  facts 
to  the  superintendent  of  the  road,  who  kindly 
gave  him  a  pass  to  the  place  of  his  clcstination. 

Our  subject  taught  a  winter  school,  and  in 
tlie  month  of  .Inly,  187U,  went  into  a  |)rinting 
office  to  learn  that  trade,  remaining  until  1882, 
when  1)0  leased  one-half  of  the  Democrat  office, 
being  associated  with  Mrs.  Shepard,  he  becom- 
ing editor.  He  remained  here  until  July,  1884, 
when  he  fcjrmed  a  co-partnership  with  D.  L 
Asbury,  the  firm  buying  the  Grant  County 
News,  at  Canon  City.  This  association  con- 
tinned  until  September,  1885,  when  he  sold  his 
interest  and  returned  to  Baker  City. 

After  a  brief  rest  he  went  to  book-keeping 
and  to  work  in  the  express  oflice;  in  188(5  was 
in  the  grocery  business  with  Frank  Clarke,  sell- 
ing out  to  him  in  the  fall  of  1887;  was  elected 
City  Auditor  and  Police  .fudge,  holding  that 
position  one  year;  then  engaged  as  book-keeper 
with  Basche  &  Co.,  resigning  that  position  to 
enter  the  real-estate  business,  which  he  con- 
tinues to  pursue  in  addition  to  his  other  duties. 
In  July,  1891),  ho  was  elected  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  Baker  City,  and  in  November,  1890, 
was  elected  member  of  the  City  Council.  In 
July,  1892,  he  accepted  a  position  as  book- 
keepar  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Baker 
City,  where  he  is  still  engaged. 

John  T.  D.)nnelly  was  married  .Fune22, 1882, 
to  Mis*  Mary  Small,  of  Bilker  City,  daughter  of 
Samuel  and  Francos  Small,  and  born  in  Califor- 


nia in  18()2.    One  child,  .lames,  born  November 
2.").  1883,  is  the  hajijjy  result  of  this  union. 

A  man  of  decided  i^u-rgy  and  integrity,  all 
of  Mr.  Donnelly's  enterpi'ises  since  he  carne  to 
Baker  (Jity  have  met  with  success,  the  nice  resi- 
dence he  occupies  on  Valley  avenue  and  other 
|iropert,y  interests  in  the  city  being  the  accumu- 
lations of  his  own  hands.  He  is  popular  on  all 
hands,  and  ntujuestiouably  has  a  bright  future 
before  him.  All  the  oflices  of  his  home  lodge 
of  Knights  of  I'ythias  as  well  as  some  of  the 
grand  lodges  of  the  State  have  been  tilled  by 
him.  Our  subject  is  a  recognized  leader  in  the 
Democratic  party. 


-^^€(j 


m 


'k^-^^ 


foriN  GORDON  BAKER,  deceased,  a 
widely  known  and  highly  respected  ami 
esteemed  Oregon  pioneer  of  1843.  and  the 
first  person  to  settle  in  Yam  Hill  co\inty,  be- 
tween the  North  and  South  Yam  Ilill  rivers, 
was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  where  he  was  born 
October  17,  1818.  His  people  were  early  set- 
tlers of  that  State,  and  his  father  was  a  brave 
and  efficient  soldier  in  the  iievolution. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  raised  on  his 
father's  farm  in  Kentucky,  attending  the  schools 
in  the  vicinity.  At  the  age  of  ninetecTi  he  re- 
moved to  Missouri,  where,  on  October  9,  1839, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Catharine  Blevins.  a 
native  of  that  State,  where  she  was  born  June  1, 
1S23.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  David  Blev- 
ins, a  highly  esteemed  resident  of  Missouri,  who 
was  descended  from  one  of  the  first  families  of 
Virginia. 

After  their  marri.age  the  young  couple  set- 
tled on  a  farm  in  Missouri  where  two  sons  were 
born,  Henry  Columbus  and  .Tames  David. 

In  1843,  with  these  two  little  ones,  the 
elder  three  years  and  the  younger  not  yet  one 
year  of  age,  the  parents  started  on  the  long  and 
perilous  journey-  across  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
lured  by  the  liberal  donations  of  land  given  by 
the  Government  to  actual  settlers  in  that  State. 
They  formed  a  part  of  the  first  wagon  train 
that  ever  had  come  through  to  Oregon,  and  were 
the  first  to  demonstrate  that  the  journey  could 
be  accomplished.  Crossing  mountains  and  ford- 
ing streams,  and  cutting  their  own  road  through 
the  wild  and  unsettled  country  was  an  Hercu- 
lean task.  Ropes  were  tied  to  wagons  and 
lowered  down    the    mountain   sides.     Six    long 


HtKI 


HWTOUY    dh'    tillKdOS. 


'&  \\  • « 


inunthri  Hiiil  nine  diiyK  were  coneiiiiuMi  on  the 
way  lieforc  tlicy  lirmlly  rt'iu'lit'd  x\w  Dulles, 
wlieie,  on  Novcnilicf  ',(.  {H\'A,  Mr.  linker  wiis 
taken  ill  with  typhoid  fever,  and  prostrated 
with  that  disease,  lie  was  brought  to  Van- 
couver, where  for  months  he  litiirored,  hut 
Hnaliy  recovered.  i?y  this  time  tlieir  means 
Were  exhausted,  and  the  outlook  was  t'xceed- 
injfly  dark,  Kut,  in  their  iiour  of  need,  the  llud- 
soh  Hay  (Company  trusted  them  with  provinicins, 
iind  tlius  they  W'ere  tidi^l  over  the  shallows  of 
MiistVirtuiu'.  finally  iMueriring  into  the  broad  sea 
of  jirosperity,  and  had  tli«  pleasure  of  liquidat- 
inir  all   indebtedness. 

in  the  sprint;  of  l.Sl-4  Mr.  I'aker  made  a  tour 
throuifh  the  ccMintry,  looking  for  a  location, 
tinally  selei^ini;  a  donation  claim  in  Yarn  Hill 
county,  which  now  adjoins  the  city  of  ^[eMinn- 
ville  on  the  north.  It  was  u  beautiful  tract  of 
land  of  ti40  acres,  and  as  i)e  had  his  choice  of 
the  wliole  county,  it  is  believed  that  he  selected 
this  because  ofaclearand  beautiful  little  stream 
of  water  which  traversed  it,  which  was  after- 
ward called  iJaker  creek.  The  family  and  their 
few  belongings  were  brought  up  the  Willamette 
river  u?itil  they  reached  a  point  o])posite  to 
where  [..a  Fayette  now  stands,  where  they  bor- 
rowed an  o.x  team  and  sled  of  Mr.  .Jordon  llern- 
bren,  with  wiiich  to  make  the  journey  to  their 
claim.  On  arriving  at  Yam  Hill  river  the  o.\en 
were  detached  from  the  sled  ami  were  made  to 
swim  across  the  stream,  while  ^[r.  Baker  placed 
the  sled  on  a  log  which  lay  across  the  water, 
a'lil  pulled  it  across  by  hand,  thus  exemplify- 
ing the  fact  of  the  near  relation  existing  Ijetween 
iiecessity  and  invention.  Arriving  at  the  claim 
a  small  tent  was  erected  in  which  they  camped 
while  .Mr.  I'aker  was  building  the  log  cabin. 
ThecMbin  had  no  windows,  but  plenty  of  light 
canu-  throu<;h  lietw(>eu  the  logs,  and  the  open- 
inif,  which  served  as  a  door,  was  closed  by  a 
qnilt  luing  up  before  it.  Thus  ci>nimenced  in 
earnest  tlieir  frontier  life,  subsisting;  on  the 
plainest  fare  and  enduring  with  fortitude  all 
the  discomforts  and  hardships  incidental  to  this 
settlement  in  a  wild  and  unsettled  country. 
Thus  situated,  the  devoted  wife  and  mother 
would  remain  alone  with  her  little  boys  for  a 
week  at  a  time,  with  no  protection  except  a 
trusty  rifle,  which,  however,  she  conid  use,  and 
would  have  used  if  necessary,  while  Mr.  liaker 
went  to  the  nearest  settlement  to  procure  pro- 
visions. With  the  borrowed  team  a  small  patch 
of  ground  was  j)lowed,  where  they  made  a  little 


garden,  an<l  when  his  oxen  were  brought  fron> 
Dalles,  .Mr.  Maker  plowed  more  land  and  sowed 
wheat. 

The  gold  excitement  in  Oalifornia  tinally 
lured  Mr.  Uaker,  with  all  the  other  men  in  the 
vicinity,  to  the  mini's,  and  this  heroic  woman 
was  left  alone  with  her  children  on  the  wild 
prairies.  ii>  'he  miilst  of  Indians  and  wild  ani- 
mals. Mr.  I'aker  secured  only  about  !;;!2()0  in 
gold  dust,  when  he  U-came  ill,  and  was  ^\m\  to 
return  alive,  and  give  his  attention  to  his  farm- 
ing interests. 

Being  public-spirited  and  progressive,  he  was 
deeply  intereste<l  in  the  affairs  of  hi.-i  county 
and  State,  and  took  an  active  |)art  in  the  form- 
ative stage  of  l>oth.  He  was  elected  the  first 
Slierifi'of  the  county,  serving;  acce|tiably  in  that 
capacity  for  several  years.  'I'his  position  at 
that  time  required  great  courage  and  excellent 
ju<lgment,  both  of  which  ho  proved  himself  to 
possess  in  ample  ([uantities.  His  agricultural 
interests  also  pros|)ered,  and  fnini  time  to  time 
he  purchased  other  lands,  and  tinally  built  a 
large  and  comfortable  house  which  superseded 
the  log  cabin  of  pioneer  days. 

Five  children  were  added  to  the  family  ir) 
(Jregon:  William  1).,  who  is  now  a  physician 
in  Astoria;  Sarah  Elizabeth,  who  died  in  I860, 
aged  eiirhteen;  Morgan  Alexander,  an  able  law- 
yer in  Seattle;  (Jrandville,  residing  in  McMinn- 
ville,  for  an  extt<nded  sketch  of  whom,  see  his- 
tory in  this  book;  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Dr. 
William  11.  Boyd,  who  resides  in  Albina. 

In  18«1  Mr."  Baker  retired  from  the  farm, 
leaving  CJrandvillc  to  manage  it.  and  purchased  a 
cosy  home  in  McMinnville,  where,  in  peaceful 
enjoyment,  he  and  his  noble  wife  lived  on  the 
ample  means  which  their  industry  and  econ- 
omy of  early  days  had  accnmulateil,  surrounded 
by  neighbors  whose  friendship  was  sincere  and 
lasting,  and  whose  esteem  was  most  worthily 
bestowed  and  ai'dently  returned. 

Later  in  life  Mr.  Baker  l>ecame  atHicted  with 
a  complication  of  diseases,  which,  at  his  ad- 
vanced years.  batHed  the  skill  of  his  physicians, 
and  tiindly  culminated  in  his  death,  on  March 
•t,  1H87.  leaving  numerous  friends  to  mourn  his 
loss.  For  forty-tliree  years  he  had  been  an  es- 
teemed resident  of  the  county,  in  the  affairs  of 
which  he  took  a  prominent  and  creditable  part, 
contributing  by  his  energy  and  intluence,  which 
were  always  exerted  on  the  side  of  justice  and 
progression,  in  im  small  degree  to  the  prosper- 
ity which  his  county  and  his  State  now  enjoy. 


uimronr  oi''  (uikoon. 


a» 


In  appreciation  of  iiis  diHiiiturestecl  motive!)  niui 
iihlc  services  to  the  public  cause,  iiiscurniiiuiiity 
ami  t'rieniis  souj^ht,  in  j^reat  iimnlmrH,  to  pay  u 
lasf  triitute  of  respect  to  iiis  intMnory,  and  the 
iinniensti  ('oncoursc  of  followers  to  his  last  rest- 
ing; place  was   un|irnci'(lent(,'il. 

Mrs.  Baker,  the  t'aitlitul  ])artner  for  forty- 
ei^lit  years  of  her  liunliand's  earus  and  joys, 
and  who  contriiiuted  in  a  very  great  nieayuru  to 
his  success  in  life,  iiotli  by  her  industry  aM<l 
siistainini;  atte(^tion,  nsides  in  the  pleasant 
home,  where  she  parted  for  tiie  last  lime  with 
all  tliat  was  mortal  of  her  life-Ion^  companion. 
The  broad  and  btviutiful  acres  on  which  nlie 
jind  her  husband  and  little  boys  settled  in  1843, 
etill  behpMg  to  the  family,  and  have  become  a 
very  valuable  piece  id'  property.  Mrs.  Halcer  is 
in  the  tMijoynieiit  of  ^ood  health,  and  has  an 
active  mind,  and  recalls  most  vividly  the  stir- 
rinjr  events  of  their  lonfj  journey  across  the 
plains  and  incidents  |iertainin^  tt)  their  early 
settlement  in  their  frontier  home,  and  feels  that 
the  results  of  their  Im/.ardous  undertakinif  have 
amply  repaid  them  for  all  the  toil  and  depriva- 
tions of  early  life. 

tE.  BRYAN,  a  prominent  resident  of  La 
Grande,  Union  county,  ()refj(jn,  was 
*  born  in  Hendricks  county,  Iniliana,  Sep- 
temlior  14,  1S41.  His  father,  James  M.  Mryan, 
was  born  in  Hourhoii  county,  Kentucky,  and 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Sharp,  a  native  of  Ten- 
nessee, the  mother  of  our  subject;  they  moved 
to  Indiana  and  opened  up  a  farm  in  the  beech 
woods  near  New  Winchester,  where  our  sub- 
ject was  born  and  partly  raised.  Mr.  Bryan 
moved  prior  to  the  war  to  Missouri,  settlinj^ 
first  in  (Miarriton  county,  near  Brunswick, 
afterward  moving  to  Linn  county,  where  Mrs. 
Bijan  died  in  imQ,  and  Mr.  Bryan  in  1879. 
They  raised  a  family  of  eii.;lit  children,  five  boys 
and  three  j^irls,  our  subject  being  the  fourth 
boy  and  the  sixth  child  in  the  family.  Young 
Bryan  started  in  business  life  as  a  school 
teacher,  in  the  public  schools  of  his  county; 
later  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Sheriif  and 
served  in  that  capacity  for  the  term  of  two 
years.  P^or  a  short  time  he  was  in  the  army, 
and  later  served  as  First  Lieutenant  in  the 
Sixty-second  Uegiment  of  State  Militia,  for  a 
term  of  two  years.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
he  went  to  Bates  county,  where  he  enj^aged  in 


the  mercantile  business  until  1880,  when  ho 
came  to  Oregon,  stoppi  g  in  La  (irande,  where 
he  has  since  resideij.  iMgaging  in  the  hardwa^'o 
business  until  18UU,  when  he  sold  out,  and  has 
since  that  time  been  engaged  in  real  estate  ind 
other  interests,  aiirinjf  wliicli  is  the  brick  ami 
till!  business.  lie  is  a  large  property  owner  in 
La  Grande,  having  some  valual)l('  biisiiu'rs  prop- 
erty, a  niiMiber  of  tenement  houses,  and  one  of 
the  finest  residences  in  the  city,  besides  a  val- 
uable timber  limit  on  Vancouver  Island  in  Urit 
ish  (Columbia. 

Mr.  I'.ryan  has  been  very  successful  in  all  his 
busiiu's^  undertakings;  having  started  as  a  poor 
boy  with  a  burse,  bridle  and  -addle  and  >io(i,  he 
has  iiy  his  industry  and  energy  accumulated  a 
nice  little  fortune  of  at  least  ^50,0' 10,  and  is 
now  at  the  age  when  he  c.nu  enjoy  the  fruits  of 
his  liibor. 

The  mai'riage  of  oursubject  oecurred  in  1867, 
ot  Miss  Addie  Williams,  who  was  born  in  Pal- 
myra,  Missouri. 

.Mr.  and  .Mrs.  liryan  have  been  the  b  tpp\  par- 
ents of  three  children,  one  of  whoiri.  Oscar  .\., 
died  in  infiiTicy;  the  living  are,  IMgar  J.  and 
Addie  E.,  who  are  at  home  with  their  parents. 
Ml'.  Bryan  has  ahvays  been  a  free-liearted, 
generou-  gentleman,  ready  to  give  a  helping 
hand  t,>  every  pul)lic  enterj)ri»o  and  to  aid  in 
relie  ing  the  distress  of  the  needy.  He  is  a 
stanch  liepublican,  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  ami  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity. 


♦^ 


fllARLES  IL  DUNCAN.— Our  subject  is 
one  of  the  live  and  progressive  business 
nicn  of  Baker  City,  (Jregon,  whose  long 
residence  there  ought  to  place  him  in  the  ranks 
of  the  |)ioneers  of  the  State;  probably  ho  would 
be  so  reckoned  but  for  the  fact  that  he  is  a 
young  man.  lie  was  [torn  in  Galawa  cxjunty, 
Missouri,  March  9,  1854,  his  father,  Frederick 
Duncan,  having  been  born  in  Kentucky,  in 
1815.  The  ancestors  of  our  subject  were  Vir- 
ginians. His  father  married  Miss  Annie  Gib- 
son and  then  removed  to  Missouri,  and  in  18t)4, 
when  our  subject  was  but  ten  years  old,  crossed 
the  plains  and  found  a  houia  in  Union  county, 
Oregon,  where  he  followed  the  calling  of  a 
farmer,  and  finally  died  in  1878,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-three    years,    his    wife    having     prcvio  lad 


"ir 


888 


HlaruHY    OF    OHKUoy. 


Iiiiii,  |m«.>iMi^  iiwiiy  in  1^00.  She  lioro  lu'i  liiiw- 
hiiiiil  ten  fliildri'ii,  <»!'  wIhmii  our  siilijfi't  wiin  the 
lij;tli. 

Clmrli'd  11.  Diiiu'iiii  rcci'ivi'd  a  liinitiid  (mIiicu 
tioii.  it  liciiij,'  i'i'.>tricti'(l  t(t  the  country  kcIiooIs 
of  tin;  count)'  wliure  In;  i^rew  up,  tin;  mil  htrug- 
gle  for  a  8n})|iort  iK'jjinninir  oiiilv.  Urnsliini; 
iii;«iii»t  the  worh)  liid  him  uood,  for  witii  strouti 
niilurnl  l)iij-iMt'ss  shrewdness  lie  soon  found  oli- 
poitunities  for  tuinin;?  over  money.  It  did  not 
take  iiiin  lon^'  to  tind  out  that  those  who  e\- 
jieeted  hilp  must  f^o  to  themselves  lor  it.  The 
viiiue  of  money  lie  found  out  tor  himselt'.  So, 
while  u  yuung  mini,  he  JH  wealthy,  with  the  liutit 
of  prospcctH  (d' greatly  adding  to  his  stores.  A 
shareholiler  in  the  Sanger  mine,  one  of  the  l>t;st 
in  the  county,  he  >old  opportunely  and  realii!(!d 
!?4(»,0()()  for  it  With  his  hnither  he  was 
owner  of  a  laitje  llouiing  mill  in  I'aker  (!ity, 
which  hurned  down  and  entailed  a  Icjss  of 
Si7,t)00;  lint  this  did  not  cast  hiniMowii  in  any 
way. 

Our  suhject  was  n.arried  May  (5.  18'Jl,  to 
Miss  Hertha.  daughter  of  F)<lward  Reynolds, 
one  of  the  t'orty-niiK.'rs,  he  being  on  one  of  the 
first  steamboats  to  run  up  tlu^  ( 'oliimliia  river. 
Mr.  Reynolds  is  a  native  of  New  York,  and  lias 
a  large  family  of  tine  sons  and  daiigliti'rs  in 
Raker  <'ity,  where  he  resides.  Mi-^.  Duncan  is 
a  native  of  Raker  City,  having  been  born  there 
in  1872. 

Mr.  hnncaii  \a  a  prominent  member  of  tho 
■Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen.  He  \» 
very  prominent  in  polities,  and  exerts  a  wide 
intliience  in  the  R('|inblican  party,  lie  having 
received  the  nomination  of  that  party  for  the 
Legislature  and  was  elected  in  1892.  Mr. 
I>uncan\s  popularity  is  not  confined,  however, 
to  any  party  or  organization,  but  readies  all 
classes  of  people  in  the  city  and  county.  He  is 
sociable,  amiable,  intelligent,  generous  and 
public-s])iriteil,  and  his  leadersliij)  is  readily  ai;- 
knowledged  as  merited. 


— '^m 


m^^^~ 


f\l.  TAYLOR  iN.  SNOW,  widely  and  favor- 
ably known  throughout  the  Northwest  as 
a  physician  and  surgeon  of  ability,  but 
particularly  notable  as  the'  inventor  of  the 
••  I)ream  Register,"  one  of  the  most  marvelous 
pieces  of  mechanism  extant,  also  an  interesting 
writer    and    tluent   speaker,   was    born   July  4, 


18*55.  llirt  fiither  was  born  in  Moston,  in  175K, 
ami  served  in  the  Revoliitionarv  war  from  the 
winter  of  1777  "78  to  1783,  when  hostilities 
ceased  by  treaty,  lie  also  fought  in  tlie  war  of 
1IS12,  under  (ieiioral  W.  II.  Harrison.  He 
married,  in  18;ti*,  Miss  Liiey  Hickman,  h  lineal 
descendant  of  the  founder  of  Ilickuian,  Ken- 
tucky, where  her  birth  occurred  in  l^tOO.  She 
died  in  INUo,  thus  leaving  an  infant  to  the  care 
of  lior  bereavccl  husband,  who  survived  her 
until  18:)4. 

I)r.  Snow  was  reared  iinlil  seven  years  of  age 
by  bis  grandparents  on  his  mother's  side.  At 
the  ago  of  eight,  he  sustained  an  injury,  which 
resulted  in  liij)-joint  disease,  during  which  timo 
he  attended  a  little  log  school-house  for  about 
two  weeks.  From  the  age  of  eight  to  sixteen 
years,  he  worked  his  jiassage  on  United  States 
St  igo  coaches  to  every  important  (tity  then  in 
till  United  Sli.tes;  ami  made  bis  way  in  like 
manner  on  ships  to  Liverpool,  .Marseilles,  Alex- 
anilria,  Oonstantinojile,  Cairo,  Calcutta,  Singa- 
pore, Siagon,  Sydney,  Melbourne,  Acapiiico, 
Lima,  Santiago,  Ruenos  Ayres,  Rio  Janiero, 
and  other  seaport  towns  of  North  ami  South 
America. 

Returning  to  his  native  land,  he  snidied 
theology  for  the  Methodist  ministry,  with 
I'ishop  Lniery.  of  Illinois,  from  1851  to  1850, 
diirini;  which  time  he  tautrlit  school  for  about 
nine  months  in  the  Rrairii;  State.  He  also  at- 
tended Asbury,  now  l)e  I'aiiw,  University,  and 
took  two  courses  of  medical  lectures  at  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  coniineiicing  the  jiractice  of 
medicine  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  old. 
From  1856  to  1858,  he  practiced  his  profession 
in  Indiana  and  Illinois,  excepting  six  months 
spent  in  tra'.-eling  through  different  States,  and 
delivering  lectures  and  charts  on  phrenology 
and  physiology.  He  taught  scliool  from  1858 
to  1859  in  Polk  county,  Iowa,  starting  in  the 
latter  year  from  Des  Jloines,  that  State,  for 
Santa  Rosa,  California,  going  on  foot  all  the 
way.  At  Salt  Lake  City  he  met  his  cousin, 
Rill  Hickman,  the  destroying  angel.  At  Inde- 
pendence Rock,  Wyoming,  he  was  appointed  a 
coinmittee  of  one  to  invite  Mr.  (ireeley  to  de- 
liver a  Fourth-of-July  oration,  who  declined  for 
lack  of  time.  Dr.  Snow  participated  in  the 
Indian  massacre  on  Sublet's  ('nt  Off  and  Raft 
river,  and  met  (ieneral  .lohnston  and  army  go- 
ing East  with  tlie  remains  of  the  Mountain 
Meadow  massacre.  At  Sacramento,  California, 
he  sold  two  buffalo  robes  to  Hon.  Leland  Stan- 


Jii.-iToii)    oA'  oumioy. 


auu 


fiinl,  mill  friMii  tin-  rei'iMptst  of  l\u:  hhIh  (iii]] 
Hiioiif  '^'■l  ill  nttendiiii^  thi^  Stiitt^  l''iiir,  tlirn  in 
niiiMrcss  ill  Siu'i'iiinciilii.  Afout  iimi  iiIbd  iiloiic, 
iiiiiiiis  cdiit  liiiil  Kliiiert  (witii  nliirtrt  iiml  jmiitH  not 
of  u  <lii(l(!  piittcni).  ho  wt'Milt'(l  liirt  wiiy  t(i  Siintii 
liosH,  lieiiiif  purt  of  tlie  wuv  depeiuloiit  ini  tiie 
kiiicinoKn  of  Btraii^crs  tor  food  him!  Hliclter. 

From  18(10  to  18(t4  lio  practiecd  iiiLMlicine 
ill  ooiiiiectioii  witii  i\u:  driiir  iiusincss  in  San 
PriinciMco,  cxceprinj;  one  y^^nr.  when  he  wan 
Asuistaiit  Snrj^eini  in  t'le  (,'ity  and  (loiiiity  lloa- 
pitai.  During  tiiat  time  ho  attoiidud  two 
coiii'sus  of  iiiedical  lectures  at  tile  Cooper  Medi- 
cal CVdlega. 

In  tliP  spring  of  18t)4  he  went  to  Idaho, 
wliitiier  the  gold  excitement  "as  attractin;^ 
many,  and  was  appointed  liy.iie  (loveriior,  Hon. 
(Jaleli  \i.  Lyons,  to  the  iiosition  of  (Virotier  and 
I'hysieian  I'f  Altiiras  coiinty.  In  the  winter  (if 
18t»4  'fl5  tile  Doctor  atteniled  a  course  of  nied- 
icai  liK'.tiires  at  tin;  ('alifornia  State  Tniversity. 
He  KjM'iit  18()r)  anil  1806  in  the  practice  of  med- 
icine in  Corvallis,  Uenton  county,  Oregon. 
From  18()7  to  1875  lie  was  Coroner  and  I'liy- 
eiciaii  of  Maker  county,  Oregon,  acting  at  the 
same  time  as  Surgeon  of  tlie  Idaho  and  Oregon 
Stage  (!oinpany,  at  Uaker  ('ity,  that  State.  He 
spent  1875  in  Siisanvillo,  California,  in  tiie 
practice  of  medicine.  In  187(!  he  attended 
medical  lectures  at  (Jnoper  Medical  (College,  nt 
which  he  graduated  Novetiilier  2,  187().  He 
now  holds  certi*icate.s  t'roni  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Society  of  California,  received  July  20,  1870; 
from  the  California  State  Hoard  of  Medical 
E.vaininers,  received  July  8,  1881;  and  from 
the  State  Hoard  of  Medical  K.xaminers  of  Ore- 
gon, in  1802.  From  1870  to  1880  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  in  Iteiio,  Nevada,  excepting  two 
moiitiis  spent  in  Hodie,  California.  From  1880 
to  the  snminer  of  1881,  he  practiced  medicine 
ill  (Tunnison  City,  Colorado,  during  which  time 
lie  was  Surgeon  for  Harlow  &  Sanderson's  Stage 
Company,  and  Surgeon,  with  the  rank  of  Major, 
on  the  staff  of  Hrigadier-Geiieral  Curtis,  of  the 
Colorado  State  Militia.  From  the  fall  of  1881 
to  1884  lie  practiced  medicine  in  Rellevue, 
Idaho,  where  he  acted  as  Health  Officer.  From 
then  to  the  present  n.892)  he  has  practiced  his 
profession  in  Baker  City,  Oregon,  where  he  has 
lield  the  office  of  United  States  Examining  Sur- 
geon since  1882.  He  was  for  more  than  six 
years  the  Surgeon  of  two  railroads.  In  1887 
lie  was  on  the  staff  of  Major  General  H. 
B.  Coinpston,  Oregon  State  Militia,  with  rank 


of  IJentenant-Colonel.  He  has  also  lieen  en- 
gaged ill  mining,  ditches,  sireef  railway,  and 
oilier  cnteriirisi's. 

In  the  midst  of  these  niiineroii.'i  profe.-.'<ional 
duties  and  liniiors,  he  hai  fuiind  time  to  invent 
a  curious  inacliiiiu  for  the  registering  of  dreams, 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  inventions  of  the 
times. 

Ill-  i.<  at  the  present  time  in  good  standing 
ill  the  following  orders;  Ordi  •  Knights  ( 'oiii- 
maiider  of  tlii'  Snii,  liidi'|iendent  Onh-r  of 
Odd  Fellows,  Ancient  Order  of  United  Work- 
men, Woodmeii  of  the  World,  and  Order  of 
Caucasians. 

He  was  married  March  15,  iStJi),  to  Susan 
Alice  (Jhandler,  daughter  of  Hon.  (Charles 
('handler,  of  Oregon.  They  have  three  smis. 
agi'ii  thirteen,  eighteen  unil  twenty. 

Dr.  Snow  has  a  large  and  lucrative  jinicticc, 
having  performed  some  of  the  most  ditliciilt 
surgical  operations  known  tt-  the  mr'dical  |)ro- 
fessioii,  and  is  deservedly  popular  with  lii^  fol- 
low  IIIHII. 


^»-<S*^1«®<^*: 


SOUTLAND  UNI VF:RSITY'.— With  the 
rapid  development  of  the  Northwest  and 
the  demand  of  the  people  for  higher  educa- 
tion, it  was  deemed  expedient  by  the  progress- 
ive element  of  the  Methodist  Church  to  found 
an  institution  of  learning"in  the  city  of  Port- 
land, the  commercial  center  of  the  Northwest, 
commensurate  with  her  increased  population 
and  rapid  development. 

After  taking  the  preliminary  steps  of  agita- 
tion and  discussion,  a  call  was  issued  December 
22,  1890,  signed  by  the  pastors  of  the  Method- 
ist Churches  of  Portland,  addressed  to  the 
Methodists  of  that  city  and  vicinity,  to  assemble 
for  counsel  and  general  expression.  At  that 
meeting  committees  on  incorporation  and  site 
were  appointed  and  immediate  action  was 
decided  upon.  December  29,  1890,  a  meeting 
01  the  incor|)orators  was  held  and  a  temporary 
organization,  was  effected  with  Rev.  Ross  C. 
Houghton,  president,  and  llev.  G.  M.  Pierce,  sec- 
retary. This  was  followed  December  30  by  the 
adopting  of  by-laws  and  a  permanent  organiza- 
tion, with  Rev.  Ross  ('.  Houghton  as  president 
and  T.  A.  Wood  as  vice  president;  William 
Masters  as  treasurer,  and  P.  L.  Willis,  secretary. 


■m 


■H 


:H0 


jusTouy   uF  uiiKdoy. 


.\  ii 


PIN 


At  tliiK  incclliig  llcv.  (;.  M.  I'iiTW  ofri'i'cil  tlie 
lollowiiif^  i-cMiliitioii,  wliicli  wiis  iniaiiiiiKiiisly 
ii.lopt'd:  li(Hii|v(.(l,  Tliiit  tlic  lifv.  ().  (;.  Ktnit- 
toti,  A.  M..  I).  IX,  of  Siil(!iii.  ('ruf^oii,  1)1),  iiiid 
lici'C'liy  is,  itiviteil  to  lU'wpt  llie  prnHidcttcy  ot  the 
I'drlliiinl  Uiiiveriiity,  ainl  rt'ijiiesteil  to  so  diriiet 
ami  iii!iiiMif(;  its  alTairH  tliat  it  inay  optsii  its 
liiills  for  iiifiti-iiction  at  tlie  liei;iiiiiinf);  of  tlie 
eomiiii^  Kcliool  yi'iir.  in  Suptoiiibur,  18iU.  Jaii- 
iiiiiv  lo,  l^yi,  in  .icciirilaiici;  with  the  articles 
of  iiicoi-poratioii,  tiie  full  coiiipleiiient  of  thirty- 
four  trustees  was  eleeteii.  lion.  11.  W.  Srott, 
eiiitor  of  the  Ore^onian,  was  ehicted  president  of 
the  hoard;  iVof.  0.  llonirhton,  1).  D.,  vice 
president;  S^'nator  I*.  I..  Will';,  secretary,  and 
flames  Steel,  ])resident of  the  Merchants' National 
l!ank,  treasurer. 

I'ortsmoutli,  now  I'nive'-sity  Park,  was 
selecteil  as  the  site  of  the  ])rop()ted  nniversity. 
At  this  meeting  (,'.  ('.  Stratton,  J.  W.  Unslionji 
and  'I'lionnis  \'an  Scoy  were  appointeil  a  commit- 
tee to  pi'ociue  lejjislation  prohihitiiig  the  sale 
of  spirituous  or  malt  liquors  iw.m  any  institu- 
tion of  leaniiii^  in  the  State.  They  were  suc- 
cessful in  securinir  an  act  prohihitino  such  sale 
within  one  mile  from  the  university  cam|)Us. 
The  institution  opened  its  tir>t  term  in  Univer- 
sity Hall,  corner  of  Tenth  and  ^[ain  streets, 
Portland,  Monday.  Septemher  14,  1891.  One 
hundred  students  re)j;istered  the  first,  week,  and 
durinu;  the  second  term  'd'  the  first  year  the 
reoisti'ation  reached  '.ioll. 

hurino  the  first  coJIefje  year  there  were  con- 
necteil  with  the  univer>ity  the  regular  academic 
and  underjrradtiate  departments  and  the  pre- 
])aratory  school  in  theology,  innsioand  husiness. 
Schools  of  law,  art,  metiieine  and  enjriileerine; 
are  ex]iected  soon  to  he  formed.  The  ain\  is  to 
make  the  Portlan<l  liiivcrMty  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative universities  of  America.  University 
Park  is  within  the  limits  oi  the  city  of  Portland 
and  issituated  on  a  platean  known  as  the  Willam- 
ette Columhia  Peninsula,  !")()  feet  above  the  ad- 
jacent rivers  and  overlooking  both.  Seventy-five 
acres  have  heen  secured  as  a  campus,  from  which 
can  lie  seen  the  snow-capped  mountains  of  Hood, 
St.  Helens,  Ad.ims  and  Ranier,  besides  lon^ 
reaches  of  the  (lascade  rani;e  frcun  which  they 
rise.  The  Willamette  lioulovard  passes  the 
campus  on  one  side,  while  on  the  other  the 
Willamette  river  affords  passage  to  the  coni- 
meive  of  the  world.  West  Hall,  a  atone  and 
brick  buildinir,  85  \  130  feet,  five  stories  high, 
and    costing   !^4t),U(K),    is    already    completed. 


Other  buildings  of  similar  proportions  are  now 
in  iirocess  of  erection. 


tnAilLMS  CAKKOLL  STUATTOX,  A. 
M.,  I).  D..  Presiilent  of  I'ortland  Utiiver- 
sity.  Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Mans- 
tield,  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1833,  and 
is  of  Puritan  ancestry. 

His  father.  Curtis  1'.  Stratton,  descended 
from  New  Haven  (I'onnecticutj  stock,  and  was 
by  occupation  a  miller  and  millwright.  His 
mother,  whoi-e  maiden  name  was  Adams,  was  a 
cousin  of  John  Qiiiney  .\dams.  Through  the 
large  advances  of  flour  to  the  Colonial  army 
and  the  stringency  of  (iovernment  finance,  his 
ancestors  were  entirely  ruined  during  the  liev- 
oiutionary  w^ar.  He  nuirried  La\inia  Fitch,  a 
ruitive  of  Vermont.  Some  tin)e  after  their  mar- 
riage they  settled  in  Tioga  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born.  In 
1837  the  family  went  west  and  took  up  their 
abode  in  ^ladison,  Indiana,  where  the  father 
still  worked  as  a  millwright,  in  lS52,  accom- 
panied by  his  son.  U.  E.  Stratton,  a  lavvyer,  he 
emigruted  by  water  around  Cape  Horn  to  Ore- 
gon. The  father  located  a  donation  claim  in 
Douglas  county,  while  the  son  established  him- 
self in  the  practice  of  law  in  Kosehiirg,  sid)se- 
(pientiy  being  elected  to  the  honorable  position 
of  .ludgeof  the  (Circuit  and  Supreme  Courts, 
and  tilling  the  otKce  for  eight  years,  until  his 
death  in  18t)().  In  1854  (,'harles  C.  Stratton, 
with  his  mother  and  eicrht  brothers  and  sisters, 
crossed  the  plains  to  Ortigon  and  joined  the 
father  on  his  farm  in  Douglas  county.  F.,ater, 
tin;  family  removed  to  Salem,  the  ca[)itrtl  of  the 
State,  where  the  senior  Mr.  Stratton  died  in 
1872.  His  wife  survived  him  until  1889,  when 
she  died  at  the  ag<!  ot  eiglity  seven  years. 

The  early  education  of  C  C.  Stratton  was  de- 
rived from  the  farin  and  the  district  schoola  of 
Indiana.  At  the  age  of  lifteen  years  he  entered 
the  counting  room  of  a  large  wholesale  house  in 
Madison,  where  he  acquired  a  valuable  business 
education  and  pursued  his  classical  studies  as 
opportnnitv  permitted.  From  early  boyhood 
Mr.  Stratton  was  drawn  toward  tiie  ministry, 
and  upon  his  arrival  in  (Oregon  he  entered  Will 
amotte  University  and  completed  the  sopho- 
more course,  the  faculty  at  that  time  not  being 
full  enough  to  advance   him   furthev.      He  then 


HISTORY    OF    OKEdOX. 


841 


eiitoriMl  till'  iiiiiiistry   iiiid    |niisiU'(l    his    collogi; 
I'ourse  ill  coniiuctioii  tliercwith. 

After  ten  years  as  jiastor  sit  Diilliis.  Rose- 
hurj;,  .linikboiiville,  Oiympiu,  I'ortliiiul  ami 
8iik'rn,  where  his  work  whs  ciiiiiiently  suecess- 
i'lil,  he  returned  in  1^(58  to  tiie  Wiliiiniette  Uni- 
versity, |iiisse(l  liis  exiiniiiiation  iuid  seeurecl  the 
honoraliie  degree  of  A.  H.  In  1M)7  he  was  in- 
strumental in  liuilding  the  Tavlor  Street 
Mi!thudist  Cliiireh  in  Portland.  iVi'ter  jjassinj; 
his  examination  at  the  university,  as  above 
stated,  he  was  elected  to  the  eliair  of  natural 
science  in  that  institution,  but  dtelined  to  serve. 
He  was  suhse(iuentl>  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
'General  (Jonferencf!  .vliich  met  in  i'rooklyn. 
New  York,  in  1872.  This  he  attended.  The 
following  autumn  he  was  appointed  to  tlie  pas- 
torate at  8alt  Lake  City,  where  he  passed  three 
years,  lie  was  then  transferred  to  the  First 
Methodist  (/hurcli  at  San  Jose,  (California,  and 
spent  two  years  there.  In  1877  \\i'.  v,as  elected 
I*resid(.nt  of  the  university  of  the  I'aciKc  at 
San  .lose,  and  for  ten  years  tilled  that  important 
position,  performing  faithful  and  successful 
labor,  increasing  the  roll  of  students  from  150 
to  500,  and  greatly  improving  thetiuancial  con- 
dition of  the  university.  During  this  tiiiie  he 
usually  preached  twice  every  Sunday  in  the 
churches  of  Oakland.  San  Francisco  and  else- 
where, besides  rendering  much  other  service 
outside  the  university  Under  these  manifold 
labors  his  health  failed,  which  compelled  his 
resignation  of  tlu^  presitlency.  In  1879  the  de- 
gree of  D.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
Northwestern  University  of  Evanston,  Uliiioie, 
and  also  by  the  Wesleyan  University  of  Dela- 
ware, Ohio.  About  the  same  time  his  Alma 
Mater  honored  him  in  like  manner.  In  1880 
he  was  elected  from  California  to  the  (Tcneral 
Conference  of  his  church  in  (Cincinnati.  When 
E.  O.  Haven,  the  resident  Bishop  of  the  ^[ethod- 
ist  church  on  the  Pacific  coast,  was  on  his  death 
bed  in  1881,  he  req\iested  Dr.  Stratton  to  com- 
plete and  publish  his  autobiogra|)hy,  then 
about  half  written,  and  to  act  as  his  literary  ex- 
ecutor to  edit  and  publish  such  of  his  lectures 
and  sermons  as  the  public  might  deujand.  The 
autobiography  was  completed  an<l  iiublished  the 
following  year.  In  1891  .Mr.  Stratton  was 
elected  (Miaucellor  of  Willamette  University  at 
Sal(Mii,  where  he  officiated  about  one  year,  re- 
signing at  the  end  of  that  time  in  order  to  ac- 
cept the  Presidency  of  the  Portlaixl  University, 


a  new  instil  iitioii  of  whiih  extended  mention  is 
made  on  another  pai;e  of  this  volume. 

]*'•  Stratton  was  married  in  Salem,  <  >regon, 
ill  iS'J,  to  Miss  dniia  E.  Waller.  j\  daughter  of 
Kev.  Alvin  F.  Waller,  one  of  the  early  Methoil- 
ist  missionaries  who  arrived  in  Oregon  in  IsfO 
and  continued  in  the  missionary  work  and  min- 
istry up  to  his  ileatii  in  1S7~.  Tlu^  Doctor  and 
.Mrs.  Stratton  have  two  cliildi'en :  .Mary  V-  and 
Harvey  (ionlon. 

Dr.  Stratton  was  the  Oregon  delegate  to  the 
(ieneral  ( 'onfereiiee  whi('h  was  held  in  Omalia 
in  May,  1><'J2.  He  is  deeply  iiiterestt'd  in  the 
future  of  the  Portland  University  and  eoiisi<ler8 
the  field  of  usefulness  optuied  thereby  to  ho 
broader  and  with  greater  possibilities  than  any 
work  heretofore  placed  in  Ids  charge. 


fOlLN  P.  RO.SS,  of  r.ai.er  City,  Oregon, 
born  in  Allegheny  county,  Pennsylvania, 
.fanuary  20,  1832,  was  the  son  of  Samuel 
II.  Ross,  who  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Pennsylvania.  Xovoniber  25,  1799.  The  father 
of  the  latter  was  ilanies  Ross,  born  in  Ross- 
shire.  Scotland,  but  who  came  to  America, 
reaching  Philadeipliia  September  19,  1789.  Ho 
was  a  cousin  of  (ieneral  lioss,  eomuninder  of 
the  Pritish  force  in  the  raid  on  Washington  and 
Paltiniore,  in  the  war  of  1812,  anil  who  was 
killed  near  the  latter  city,  in  1814,  by  an  atii- 
hnscado.  Three  of  the  Ross  brothers,  John, 
iSainuel  and  James,  cinie  from  Scotland  to  the 
United  States,  whose  Christian  names  have  been 
handed  down  from  generation  to  generation. 
If  a  family  of  Rosses  be  found  with  three  sons 
in  it,  their  names  are  sure  to  be  John,  Samuel 
and  James.  .As  far  as  can  he  learned  the  Rosses 
wt^re  all  agriculturists. 

The  father  of  our  subject  removed  to  Iowa 
Territory  in  1841,  when  the  sou  was  but  nine 
vears  old,  and  pursued  the  occupation  of  a 
fanner  until  age  caused  him  to  retire  from  act- 
\w'  labor.  He  died  in  1890,  at  the  advanced 
age  of  ninety  years,  his  wife  dying  earlier  by 
two  years,  at  a  very  old  age.  leaving  six  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  alive  today,  their  names 
being;  John  P.,  subject  of  this  sketch,  and 
Samuel,  his  younger  brother,  both  living  in 
Haker  City,  Wi'liam  F.,  a  citizen  of  Nevada; 
James,  living  in  Iowa;  Mrs.  Thomas  Lash;  Sarah, 


I  ' 
\ 


nm 


fiii 


ii! 


'')$ 


342 


lll.STOIlY    OF    oliK'IOW. 


liM 


fct -r, 


wlio  riiarricd  Jolin  Iliiliiif^,  but  in  now  a  widow, 
li\in)^  in  luwa. 

At,  tlio  age  of  cij^litt-tMi  years  Joliii  I'.  Ko8S 
starteil  across  tli(^  plaiiis,  icacliinii;  tlie  I'auitie 
coast  in  tlie  fall  of  1850;  iMifragiii;^  in  niiniiig 
for  a  time,  Ik^  then  freigliled  with  pack  trains, 
coiiti.iuiii;^  in  that  work  until  IKtJti,  when  lu^ 
went  to  Umatilla,  ( )regon,  reachino;  that  j)iace 
May  25,  of  that  year.  In  Uceember  following 
lie  canio  to  I'aker  (^ity  and  has  since  made  his 
home  here.  Three  years  afterward  he  made  a 
deliijhtful  visit  to  the  home  of  his  father  and 
mother  in  Iowa. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  married  Sep- 
tember 27.  180y,  to  Miss  Martha  A.  Smith, 
horn  September  lit),  1848,  daughter  of  l.,evi 
Smith.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  thein, 
namely:  William  A.,  twenty-one  years  ohl : 
.lolin  M.,  tifteen  years  old;  a  daughter,  died  at 
eight  years  of  age.  The  two  sons  liv(>  at  home 
with  their  j)arents.  .Mr.  Ross  has  led  a  very 
active  life  ever  since  he  settled  in  Baker  City. 
The  drties  of  Census  Enuinerator.  to  which  ho 
was  appoiiite<l  in  1890,  he  discharged  witli 
;ibility  and  fidelity.  As  chairman  of  the  Re- 
[lublican  County  Central  Committe  Mr.  Ross 
shows  in;imate  acquaintance  with  ujen  and  with 
the  discipline  of  jiolitics,  he  having  been  elected 
to  that  positit)n  several  times  and  always  ilis- 
playing  marked  executive  ability  and  organizing 
tact. 

lie  is  a  n\ember  of  the  (^dd  Fellows  order. 
Altho'igii  not  a  member  of  any  ciuirch  lie  has 
assisted  in  the  building  of  all  the  churches  as 
well  as  of  all  the  school-houses  of  Baker  City. 
his  generous  and  |)ublic-spirited  nature  making 
him  take  tangible  interest  in  all  that  peitains 
to  the  advancement  of  the  city.  When  our  sub- 
ject left  his  home  for  the  far  Wc:  t  he  had  but 
$25  in  cash,  his  father  having  gi\en  him  that 
and  also  paid  his  fare. 


i*^;f®3»-^ 


lit! 


'iKNRV  RUST,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
M\  liorn  in  1835,  in  that  country.  When  still 
a  y<inng  man  he  madi>  his  way  to  England 
ami  Wales  and  spent  some  time  there,  until 
185!t,  when  he  came  across  the  Atlantic  ocean 
to  .\merica  and  ii'ide  his  first  stop  in  Rochester, 
New  York,  and  worked  thereuntil  the  outbreak 
of  flu?  late  war.  Bike  nnuiy  of  our  German- 
American  citizens,  he  enlisted   at  the   first  (?all 


for  troops,  on  the  morning  of  April  18,  18f51, 
and  enrclled  his  name  as  a  |)rivate  in  the  Thir- 
teenth .New  York  Regiment,  and  servciil  during 
the  entire  war.  He  received  his  honorable  dis- 
cbarge June  1S65,  after  many  hanl-fought 
battles  and  skirmishes.  He  was  in  the  first 
l)attlo  of  Bull  Run,  Hanover  ('onrt- House, 
Seven  Days'  Battle  and  several  otlier  battle.s  and 
skirmishes.  lie  was  wounded  twice,  once  at 
the  battle  of  Melville  Hill  and  another  time  in 
a  skirmish  by  a  sharpshooter.  After  hia  re- 
turn to  the  Held  he  was  promoted  to  Commis- 
sary of  Subsistence,  and  iille<l  that  position  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  now  receives  a  pension 
of  $54,  having  been  raised,  by  special  act  of 
Congress,  from  $24  to  the  present  sum. 

When  Mr.  Rust  liuded  in  America  he  had  no 
money  and  was  obliged  to  work  very  hard  for 
wages  until  he  went  int(i  the  army.  While  in 
the  service  he  saved  his  money,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  wai'  went  to  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  and  re- 
mained a  while;  then  to  Montamv,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  mining,  with  good  success.  In  1807 
he  came  to  Baker  City  and  started  a  brewery. 
He  now  has  a  plant  in  which  $50,000  are  in- 
vested and  is  doing  a  business  of  §35,000  per 
year. 

Mr.  Rust  is  the  owner  of  city  property,  among 
which  is  the  Rust  Opera  House,  the  only  hall  in 
the  city,  and  a  good  residence,  besides  several 
other  hotises.  He  also  has  tiOO  acres  of  land, 
200  acres  of  which  is  improved  and  stocked  with 
horses  and  cattle.  Mr.  Rnst  has  always  been 
one  of  the  enterprising  men  of  Baker  City. 

Our  subject  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza  Kess- 
ler,  a  native  of  Gerinany.  No  children  have 
come  to  bless  their  home,  so  these  two  intend 
to  enjoy  their  wealth,  as  they  have  no  one  to 
leave  it  to  when  they  are  taken  away.  Mi'.  Rust 
is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  has  been 
Quftrtermaster  of  his  post  at  Baker  City  ever 
since  it  was  organized.  He  is  one  of  its  (charter 
members.  In  politics  this  stanch  veteran  is  a 
Republican. 

^•^••^-  — 

HAIiLP:s    V.    HARDING. -Among  the 

lardy  pioneers  of  the  State  of  Oregon 
occurs  the  name  ot  Charles  V.  Harding. 
This  gentleman  was  born  inGt.  Louis,  Missouri. 
April  10,  1842,  and  was  the  son  of  1).  R.  Ilard- 
ini?and  Susan  Kendall,  natives  of  Maryland  and 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  respectively.      Mr.  Hard- 


I 


IIISTOHY    "/•'    OHKOtiy. 


:)4;< 


ing,  Sr.,  was  a  druggist  of  St.  I.ouis.  and  Inter, 
in  184;?,  reiiKivfd  to  St.  .!o.-fpli,  .Missouri,  where 
litMJifil  ill  lS7n,  his  wife  iiaviiij/died  iii  1H57. 

Oursuhject  li'ft  home  at  tiie  iij,'e  of  tiftOL-n 
years,  and  lias  lieeii  making  liis  own  vvay  in  the 
worhi  over  since  He  served  an  apprentieeshij) 
in  a  printinjj;  otfice  for  five  years,  and  in  18((2 
eaine  across  the  [dains  to  Salt  Laiie  City,  where 
he  ( 'igaijed  in  stage  driving  for  Hen  Ilolladay 
several  years,  and  many  interesting  stories  he 
can  tell  of  his  adventures  and  ptirilons  trips 
durinir  his  loTiir  service  in  that  liusiness.  He 
drove  the  first  stage  across  the  mountains,  locat 
ing  a  road  from  Salt  Lake  to  iioise  CJity,  Idaho, 
,'iid  on  the  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  1864. 

In  18t)7  he  came  to  La  (xrande,  Oregon,  re 
niained  tlwH^e  years,  and  then  went  hack  to  Idaho 
and  took  charge  of  a  station,  hut  afterward  he 
returned  to  Oregon  and  eng.iged  in  fanning  for 
some  years  and  then  sold  his  faun  near  La 
Grange,  where  ho  engaged  in  the  liutcher  liusi- 
ness, in  which  he  is  still  engaged. 

Mr.  Harding  was  married  in  1871,  to  Miss 
Kmma  Palmer,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  who 
came  to  Oregon  with  her  parents,  in  1864, 
and  settled  in  Orande  Ronde  valley.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Harding  have  had  seven  children,  namely; 
William  I).,  ('harles  E.,  I'rederick  J.,  Joseph 
P.,  Lucy  IL,  Cora,  and  an  infant. 

Mr.  Harding  has  made  his  way  up  the  ladder 
of  fortune  from  the  very  hottoin,  at  v.  Inch  he 
started  when  a  hoy  of  fifteen,  and  has  heen  as- 
sisted hy  no  one  on  his  upward  progress.  He 
and  his  intt^resting  family  reside  in  a  good  resi 
dence,  which  is  his  property,  aiid  he  is  also  the 
owner  of  a  good  hiisiness  in  La  Orande.  Mr. 
ITarding  is  a  niemher  of  I.  O.  ( >.  F.,  and  in 
political  matters  siippi^rts  the  platform  ciunpiled 
hy  the  Democratic   party. 


^-•mmm'^'W^ 


t-t^ 


S.  WARREN,  a  prominent  resident 
of  Union,  Oregon,  was  horn  in  Pu- 
^*  laski  county,  Kentucky,  in  1837,  and 
lived  there  until  he  was  nineteen  ye'ars  of  age. 
His  parents  at  that  time  moved  to  (irundy 
county,  Missouri,  and  to  the  new  home  he  ac- 
companied them.  The  name  of  the  father  was 
William  Warren,  and  he  had  heen  horn  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  with  his  parents  removed  to  Kentr.cky 
when  he  was  hut  one  year  old.  He  married  the 
worthy  woman  who  be(!ame  his  wife  in  that 
State.      Her  name  was  Miss  Elizaheth  Thomp- 


son, of  Kentucky,  and  in  I8r)()  the  family  re 
moved  to  (irundy,  where  he  died  in  LSSti.at  the 
aire  of  seventy-one  years. 

The  mother  of  our  .•^uhjecl   died    in     lS71,,it 
the  age  of  sixty-six    years,  ami  the  family  cmi 
sisteii  of  si.v  children,  and  our  snhjeet    was  the 
third  child.      All  of  the  family  except  hiniself 
remained  in  Missouri.      He  was  married,  .lime 
aO,  1860,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Oshoru,  horn  in  1^44, 
and  they  ciinie   to  Oregon  in   1864,  making  the 
trip  with  horses,  niiiles  and  ox    teams,  and  con 
suniing  five  months   in    the  journey.      The  first 
settlement  was  made   in    Raker  county.  Powder 
river  valley,  where  our  subject  took  uji  a  (daim, 
built  a  log  cabin    with  round  logs,  chinked  and 
daubed  it,  l.uilt  a  stick   chimney,  and  split  the 
logs  to  make    his    floor.      Provisions  were  very 
high.   All  his  money  amounted  to  $90  in  green- 
hacks,  out  of  which  lii^  had  to  pay  §".i.")  for  a  bar- 
rel of  tlour,  and  the  discount  on  his   money  was 
fifty-five  cents  on  the  dollar.    However,  the  win- 
ter passed,  and  in  the  spring  he  fixed  up  his  team 
and  commenced  the  business  of  freighting  across 
the  niouniains.  and  was  very  successful  at   this. 
lie  plov;ed  five  acres  of  his  land,  but  had  to  pay  ■ 
fifteen  cents  perpound  foi  oats  tosc^i'd  the  gruuud. 
Ife  raised  a  good  croji  and  had  to  sell  it  for  eight 
cents  a  ])oun(i.     Neither  he  nor  his  faithful  wife 
grew  ilisconraged,  hut    ktijit  right    on,  and   he 
traded  a  span  of  tine  mules,  with  wagon,  for  six 
head  of  cows.  These  brought  calves  in  due  time, 
which  they  raised,  and  all  tiie  butter  they  could 
make  they  sold    for   .fl  a    poiiml.     Selling  his 
calves  at  ii'ii)  a  head   in    the  fall,  he  was  able  to 
lay  u[)  fpiite  a  little  sum.    People  were  bringing 
in  everything  for  sale,  and  even  cats  were  aiddas 
high  as  85  a    head.      Mrs.  Warren    had  to  pay 
!fl'2.oO  for  the  first  chicken,  giving  the  last  cent 
she  had  for  it.      From  this  hen  she  raised  titfeen 
chickens.     Mr.  Warren    had  saved    about  S?!80t) 
hy  this    time.     A    drove  of  cattle    came  along 
aliont  this  time  and  with  the  help  of  oiu^  of  his 
neighbors  tie  bought  the  whole  ilrove,  and  soon 
after  sold  all  but  the  choicest  thirty-one,  and  in 
this    way    obtained  enough   money  to  pay  tor 
the  whole  .ot.      He  then  bought  more  land,  and 
now  owns  ^00  acres  of  tine  land  in  I'owder  river 
valley.      In  1880  he  moved  to  Pnion,  renting  a 
house  and    gristmill,   following   milling  for  one 
year;  then  hoiight  five  acres  inside  the  corpora- 
tion, improved   that,    then     old    out    at    ,n   good 
profit.    He  then  purchased  dglity  acres,  within  a 
lialf  mile  of   the  town  of   Lnion,   v.^Ik  ic  lie    now 
reside.-i  with  his  family.   Upon  this  place  he  has 


^T 


WW 


inSTOltr    UF    OHKOON. 


',.'., 'I 


ercctcil  ft  fine  reniilence  witli  ull  iriodcru  iinprove- 
ineiitH.  Till!  t'liiiiily  circle  of  five  chiliiivu  lias 
never  i)eeii  lirokeii  liy  ilciitli.  'I'licir  imiiics  are: 
William,  Lora  L.,  Sallie  l,ee,  Tyra,  and  Iliraiii, 
all  livitii;  at  lioiiic  anil  liavi>  M(!V(^r  liail  a  doctor 
l)ill  of  S'50  paid  for  tliciii  in  all  tlieir  lives. 

When  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warn^i  were  married, 
hi.-  liitlKM'  ffavi;  liim  itiO  acres  of  land  and  a  sum 
of  money,  and  his  wife  had  a  ne{i;ro  f^irl  friven 
lier,  valued  at  $S()0.  The  war  came  on  and  broke 
them  uf)  hadly,  scarcely  leavinif  (<nonsrli  to  jjet 
to  their  ti  nv  home  on  the  Pacific  coast.  At  the 
present  ti;ie  Mr.  Warren  is  in  very  coinfortal)le 
circumstances,  and  tor  a  number  of  years  has 
been  in  the  Hti)ck-lnisiness,  having  now  on  hand 
about  loO  horses,  and  from  tiOO  to  81)0  liead  of 
cattl(\  He  has  always  voted  the  Democratic 
ticket,  and  says  that  lie  don't  see  why  lie  should 
chani.^e  his  politics  now. 

f(y.  (JAI'I.INCtKR,  one  of  the  first  pioneers 
of  Dregon,  and  u  prominent  settler  of 
*  Marion  county,  was  born  in  Hardy  eonnty. 
Virginia,  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  Aufjust 
lii,  1815.  lie  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
native  county,  attending  the  common  schools  of 
that  time,  until  he  reached  nmtdiood's  estate. 
His  father,  George,  was  also  a  native  uf  Vir 
giiiia,  and  married  Pollie  ("rider,  native  ofSliep- 
j)erd'8  Town,  Pennsylvania.  The  father  and 
mother  remained  in  Virginia  until  1837,  when 
they  removed  to  Illinois,  and  there  the  father 
(lieil,  in  1889;  at  the  age  of  si.\ty-tive  years,  llis 
wile  survived  him  many  years  and  lived  to  a 
great  age.  Iiotli  sides  of  the  family  were  of 
(-rerman  descent  and  their  ancestors  settled  in 
liockinghani  county,  Virginia,  in  the  early  part 
of  the  eighteenth  century. 

Our  sui)ject  was  reared  to  farm  life,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-seven  married  Miss  ,Iane  Wood- 
sides,  in  1S41.  8he  was  liorii  in  Clinton  county, 
Ohio,  in  18:i3,  and  came  to  Hliiiois  in  1837. 
l''our  years  after  their  marriage  the  young  couple 
had  the  courage  to  take  the  long  and  dangerous 
journey  across  the  plains,  in  18-15,  making  4he 
trip  with  ox  teams.  Their  destination  was 
Oregon,  and  after  a  long  and  perilous  journey 
they  reached  the  Cascade  mountains.  They  were 
one  of  tlR'  first  white  families  that  crosseii  by 
that  route,  and  came  near  losinij  their  liviis  by 
starvation,  food  beiiiif  iinjiossible  to  jret  in  the 
wilds  of  the  mountains.     At  last  Mr.  (Japlinger 


left  his  family  with  two  other  families  in  camp 
in  the  ( 'ascade  mountains,  while  he  with  others 
took  their  cattle  over  the  mountain  and  returned 
with  horses  to  carry  over  their  families.  Most 
of  the  horses  perished  in  the  mountains,  and 
Mrs.  t;apling(M'  strugi^lod  on  by  herself,  on  toot, 
carrying  her  child.  For  four  days  she  was  en- 
tirely without  food  and  at  the  mercy  of  wild 
animals,  but  her  courage  never  forsook  her  and 
before  her  strength  failed  her  Mr.  (^aplinger 
rejoined  her  with  the  much  needed  help.  Nlr. 
and  M's.  Ca|)linger  selected  O'-egon  City  as 
their  lirst  location,  as  they  entered  Oregon  I'ity 
on  the  east  of  the  Willamette,  and  remained 
there  until  18  17,  when  they  removed  to  Marion 
county,  settlini.(  near  Salem,  where  he  piirciiased 
land.  So  entirely  has  his  hoinesiiited  him  that 
he  has  made  it  his  residence  ever  since.  Mr. 
Caplinger  has  resided  continuously  on  one  place 
for  forty-five  years,  and  at  one  time  was  the 
owner  of  (iOO  acres  id'  land;  he  parted  with  dif- 
ferent portions  of  it,  until  now  he  has  but  300 
acres,  im))roved,  within  three  miles  of  the  ca])i- 
tol.  Although  Mr.  Caplinger  is  seventy-seven 
years  of  age,  he  bears  his  years  in  a  wonderful 
manner,  not  looking  to  be  over  sixty.  He  attends 
to  all  his  farm  business  and  superintends  as  well 
as  assists  his  one  hand  in  all  the  work  of  his  es- 
tate. Dnritig  the  Indian  troubles  his  neighbors 
had  him  remain  at  home  and  relieve  the  necei- 
sities  of  the  women  and  o,  Idreii,  which  he  was 
able  to  do. 

Ten  children  were  horn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cap- 
lin^'er,  of  whom  sixareyet  living,  namely:Heiiry 
{].,  Samuel  R..  John,  Thomas,  Ann.  wife  of 
William  .M.  Scott;  Mary,  wife  of  James  Mixon. 
These  children  are  all  prosperous  farmers  of 
Umatilla  county,  Oregon.  Mr.  Caplinger  has 
always  been  a  man  who  scorned  to  wrong  any- 
one, always  tryiny;  to  aid  his  neighbors  and  never 
seeing  a  want  without  trying  to  relieve  it.  He 
is  a  stanch  Democrat. 


--^€( 


S«~jfflS: 


i!-^ 


fAPTAIN  ILENIiY  L.  ilOYT.  one  of  the 
well-known  business  men  of  Portland,  was 
a  steamboat  captain  and  pilot  on  the  Co- 
lumbia and  Willamette  rivers  for  several  years. 
Later  he  was  Deputy  Collector  of  Customs  and 
Shijipin;;  (Commissioner  of  the  port,  lie  is  now 
custom-house  broker. 

('aptain    Hoyt    was    horn  in  Caldwell,    Lake 


I 


UrsTOUV    OF    ORKdON. 


R«n 


(Tfor^e,  New  York,  in  iH'Sii,  Iml  his  earliest 
recollt'ctidiis  iiro  ot  Alliiiiiy.  tiiat  Stafe,  to  wiiich 
place  liis  piiri'iits  moved  in  l!>"-!7.  At  thoiiiri*  of 
sixteen  lie  starteil  in  life  fi>r  himself  ami  n'iti  a 
lioyV  love  of  iidventiiri!,  «lii[i[ieil  on  a  wlialinj^ 
vessel  for  a  cruise  to  the  I'aei tic  ocean,  lie  fol- 
lowed the  H'a  for  scleral  years,  sailing  to  iMirope 
and  the  West  Indies  as  mate  nnder  Captain 
liichard  Uoyt,  his  brother.  In  18-i7  he  was  an 
otKcer  on  the  steamship  Washiiijrton,  ruiuiinir 
between  New  York  and  ]>reinen. 

In  1S44  he  was  attached  to  the  United  States 
Kevenne  Cutter  Vigilant,  and  while  lyinfj;  at  Key 
West  the  vessel  wa8cauo;htin  ahurricane,  blown 
to  sea  and  capsized,  and  of  fourteen  souls  on 
board,  but  two  were  saved,  Ca|)tain  Iloyt  being 
one.  lie  wast  picked  u|)  by  a  psissincr  vessel 
after  bcin^  in  the  water  forty-eight  hours. 

Captain  Iloyt  was  in  New  York  when  the 
new*  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California 
reache(l  there  in  1848.  He  also  catchini;  the 
golil  fever,  in  Kebrnary,  1849,  he  sailed  for  San 
Francisco  round  the  Horn  in  the  ship  Panama, 
arriving  in  August  following.  About  the  first 
person  he  met  on  laiuling  in  San  Francisco  was 
his  brother  Richard,  who  had  arrived  several 
months  previous  in  the  bark  John  W.  Cater, 
of  which  vessel  he  was  master.  Like  all  new- 
comers, he  must  try  his  luck  in  the  mines,  but 
a  brief  experience  there  satisfied  him  and  he  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco.  His  brother  had  Just 
bought  a  new  bark,  the  Toulon,  which  was 
about  to  sail  for  Oregon,  and  he  joined  her  as 
chief  mate.  The  Toulon  arrived  in  Portland 
in  the  spring  of  1850.  Her  return  cargo  was 
lumber  and  piles,  which  brought  fabulous  pri 
ces  at  that  time. 

Captain  Iloyt  now  left  the  sea  and  turned  his 
attention  to  merchandising,  but  not  succeeding, 
he  sought  the  water  again,  and  was  ca])tain  of 
a  steamboat  iti  1855,  running  on  the  San  .loa- 
ipiin  and  Sacramento  rivers.  In  185(5  he  came 
to  Portland,  where  his  brothers  liichard  and 
(teorgt  were  located.  He  was  soon  employed 
on  "the  river  and  coiniiuiuded  several  steamboats, 
but  principally  the  steamer.  Senorita.  run- 
ning to  the  ('ascade  and  the  Multnomah  to 
Astoria.  In  1860  he  was  enajaged  by  t\w  Pa- 
cific Mail  Steamship  Company  as  the  Columbia 
river  pilot  of  their  steamship  running  to  Port 
land. 

In  I8t)l5  he  lumght  and  coitiinanded  thesteani- 
boat  Leviathan,  which  vessel,  though  small, 
was  actively  employed.      \t  this    time  lie  was 


importuned  by  several  ])romiuent  citizens  i)f 
Portland  to  accept  a  nomination  for  the  ollice  of 
Marshal  of  tlie  city.  He  reluctantly  consented 
to  the  use  of  his  name  and  was  elected  and  siirved 
nearly  five  years.  With  what  vigilance  and  en- 
ergy he  i)rotectcd  the  city  during  the  troublous 
times  incident  to  the  civil  war  with  the  small 
force  at  his  command,  is  well-known  totheoldcr 
citizens. 

Captain  Iloyt  was  married  in  Portland,  in 
18f)l,to  Miss  Mary  L,  Millard.  They  have  had 
seven  children,  two  only  of  which  survive,  Ralph 
W.  and  llatlie  Louise. 

The  Captain  is  advanced  in  Masonry,  of 
whitdi  order  he  is  an  ardent  member.  He  is 
Pastnnister  of  Willamette  Lodge,  No.  2.  of  Port- 
land, and  Past  High  Priest  of  Portland  Chapter 
of  Iio3-al  Arch  Masons.  He  has  attained  to  the 
thirty-second  degree  of  the  Scottish  rite. 

It  was  Cap'ain  Hoyfs  judgmtMit,eaily  formed, 
that  Portland  would  In  c'.ouie  in  time  a  great 
(Mmmerciil  (loint,  and  tberefdrt!  he  ac(juired  con- 
siderabh'  lande<l  interest,  both  in  the  city  and  it.s 
sitMiirb.  He  has  seen  the  city  grow  from  a  clear- 
ing in  the  wilderness  to  its  present  beautiful 
proportion.  Captain  Iloyt  has  now  retired  and 
loft  his  farms  to  younger  hands. 


--=tH' 


g^Cfs^^'i'^* 


"*=- 


I^ON.  M.  C.  GI<:()Ii(}E  was  born  in  Noble 
JMl  county,  Ohio,  May  liJ,  18-tiJ,  a  son  of  Pres- 
^^i{  ley  and  Mahala  (^Nickerson)  George,  na- 
tives of  Virginia  and  Massachusc^tts  respectively. 
The  paternal  grandfather,  Jesse  f4eorge,  partici- 
pated in  the  war  of  the  Revolution;  Hugh 
Nickerson,  the  paternal  grandfather,  was  de- 
scended from  the  early  settlers  of  (Jape  Cod. 
M.  C.  (ieorge  is  on(!  of  a  family  of  eight  chil- 
dren, five  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  with  the 
scourge  of  diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever.  Before 
he  was  two  years  of  age  his  parents  emigrated 
til  Oregon,  crossing  the  plains  in  1851;  he  and 
his  brother,  Jesse  VV..  a  business  man  of  Seattle, 
Washington,  are  the  surviving  membeis  of  tlu( 
family.  Hugh  N.  (ieorge.  another  brother,  being 
deceased.  He  was  educated  atSantiarn  Academy, 
ill  the  Willamette  University  and  in  the  i'ort- 
land  P)usiues8  College.  He  was  afterward  princi- 
fw,l  of  the  Jefferson  Academy,  and  later  held  the 
same  position  in  the  public  schools  of  Albany. 
He  began  the  study  of  biw  in  187ii,  reading 
under  the  direction  of  J.  C.  Powell  of  Albany, 
and  later   under  Colonel    \V.    H.  Kflinger,      In 


;i»n 


IllHTOHY    OF    OliEOON. 


'M- 


■h'\. 


1S75  lu!  W118  admitted  to  the  liar  of  the  State 
Siiiirciiu;  ('onrt,  iiiid  in  ISSO  tu  the  Sii|)ri)int! 
lyoiirt  of  the  I'liited  State-  1I(!  wiis  eiior.ged 
in  the  practice  of  tlie  pnil'essiou  in  I'urthiiid, 
and  l)e(!anie  pnniiitu'iitiy  id(Mitified  witli  the 
iniiveinciits  (if  the  Repnljil(';iii  pirfy  in  tjie  State. 
In  IS7I')  he  wan  clectiMJ  State  Senator  of  the 
MidtMuinah  district,  and  served  foiiryear.-*.  VViiile 
in  tliin  otlice  lie  had  the  honor  of  iieinj;  tlie 
clioiee  of  tlie  RepMiilican  Senators  fur  President 
of  tlie  State  Senate  of  the  hienuial  session  of 
1878.  Ill  1880  he  was  nominated  and  elected 
to  (!ongres8  over  hin  predecessor,  ex-(iovernor 
Whitaker;  he  was  ap|)ointed  a  meinher  of  the 
eoniniittee  on  Ilevisioii  of  the  Laws,  and  on 
Oomnierce,  and  did  the  State  and  ooiiiitry 
elfielive  service  in  securing  river  and  harlior 
appropriations,  which  exceeded  tiiose  of  former 
years,  lie  made  a  special  study  of  river  and 
harlior  improvements,  and  it  was  by  this  com- 
mittec  that  the  rrreat  project  of  the  iinprove- 
nicnt  of  the  (yolnnil)ia  river  was  successfnlly 
inaiifjnritecl.  On  the  motion  of  Mr.  (ieorjre  a 
commi8.^i;i  of  leadinir  en<jineers  was  created 
aiid  empi  '.vered  to  take  tl  (^  preliminary  steps  in 
this  iTeat  work;  lie  jiresented  to  tlie  House  of 
Rejiresentatives  his  reasons  tor  supporting  this 
nndertakiiifT.  and  attacked  the  adverse  opinion 
of  !ii<rh  authority  and  of  the  National  Adversary 
P)o; -d.  lie  presented  most  convincing  argu- 
ments, and  had  the  gratifieifion  of  having  his 
idea  approved  by  the  commis>ion,  which  was 
composed  of  some  of  the  most  eminent  en- 
"'ineers.  At  the  succeeding  session  of  the  Con- 
gress the  same  committee  rep  irted  favorably  on 
an  appropriation  of  $75,000  to  begin  the  work, 
but  it  failed  to  pass  the  Senate.  In  the  follow- 
ing Congress  $150,000  were  appropriated,  and 
the  work  is  now  iiearing  completion  with  every 
prospect  of  perfect  success. 

Mr.  George  introduced  a  bill  January  30, 
1882.  providing  a  civil  government  for  Alaska, 
which,  while  it  did  not  become  a  law,  contained 
nearly  all  the  provisions,  and  in  many  sections 
the  e\a''t  language  of  the  bill  which  was  passed 
by  the  Fortv-eial'.t  Congress,  known  as  the  Ilar- 
rfson  bill  The  Modoc  war  bill  was  passeil  on 
his  motion.  December  30,  1882.  He  was  elected 
to  the  Forty-eight!)  Conicress  by  a  majority  of 
;3,36o  over  Hon.  W.  I).  Fenton,  the  talented 
and  popular  nominee  of  the  DemocrHtic  party. 
He  wii-  appoint-d  by  Speaker  Cirlisle  a  mem- 
ber of  the  com  nittee  on  Indian  affairs  and  on 
Amori?i'i  sliip-buii<ling,  ant  April  32,  188-4,  he 


made  a  speech  or.  the  tariff  and  ship-building, 
that  attraote(l  wide-siiri^ail  attention.  Wliilu  a 
inember  of  Congress,  in  behalf  of  his  constitu- 
ents he  interested  himself  in  public  lamls.  In- 
dian depredation  claims,  pensions  for  soldiers 
in  the  Mexican,  civil  an  Indian  wars,  the  open- 
ing of  the  IJiiiatilla  reservation,  the  forfeiture 
of  land  grants,  the  restriction  of  undesirable 
Chinese  emigration,  the  improvement  of  custom 
and  .shipping  laws,  and  other  matters  greatly 
afiecting  the  well-being  and  prosperity  of  the 
people  of  his  State.  He  declined  to  allow  his 
name  to  be  used  for  renoinination,  and  at  the 
termination  of  his  fourth  year  of  service,  he 
withdrt^w  from  public  life  and  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  tilled  the 
chair  of  lecturer  on  the  Medical  Juris|)rudence 
in  Willamette  University  since  his  return  to 
Portland.  In  1889  he  was  unanimou->ly  elected 
a  member  of  the  Hoard  of  Directors  for*the 
public  schools  of  Portland  for  a  term  of  five 
years,  and  the  same  year  he  was  honored  with 
the  degrees  of  LL.  D.  from  the  leading  university 
of  the  State.  He  is  vice-Presidoiit  of  the  Pro- 
tective Tariff  League  for  Oregon,  and  is  Presi- 
d(Mit  of  the  State  llepublican  League,  In  .lune, 
1801,  Mr.  George  was  appointed  by  the  ju<iges 
of  the  (Jircnit  ('ourt,  pursuant  to  an  act  of  the 
Lesrislature,  a  member  of  the  Bridge  Commis- 
sion for  the  city  of  Portland,  to  take  charge  of 
the  vexed  prolilem  of  jiroviding  free  bridges 
across  the  Willamette  river  through  the  heart 
of  the  city,  with  full  power  to  issue  SoOO,0()l) 
of  thirty-year  bonds  therefor.  On  its  organi- 
zation he  was  elected  Chairman,  wdiich  position 
he  continues  to  till. 

Mr.  George  was  uniteil  in  marriage,  in  1873, 
to  Mi.is  Mary  Kckler,  a  native  of  Illinois  and  a 
daughter  of  .Jacob  Kckler.  They  are  the  parents 
of  three  children:  Florence,  Kdna  and  .lessie. 
Our  worthy  subject  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().  (). 
¥.  and  of  the  Masonic  order,  being  a  Knight 
Templar  of  the  latter;  he  also  ranks  high  in  the 
Scottish  rite.  He  has  a  large  and  remunerative 
law  practice,  is  widely  known  as  a  man  of  the 
strictest  integrity,  and  enjoys  the  entire  con.i- 
dence  of  his  fellow-citizens. 


»0N.  .1.  W   NORVAL,  the  youngest  of  the 
five  children  liorn  to  Rev.  .lames  and  Ma- 
hala    (  .Vpplewhite)    Nerval,    was   born    in 
Fulton  coiintv,  Illinois,  .June  ij.  1840.      He  was 


'.'J^^S- 


Hisrour   OF  oiiKiiox. 


in  7 


reared  and  educated  in  liis  tiutive  ooiiiity  until 
he  WHS  fitted  lur  the  liii^lier  liniMolie.>*,  wlieii  lie 
eMterc(l  tlii^  l.oiiiliard  I'liili'm!  and  tlii're  com 
plclcd  liJA  ediicatiiiii.  x\t  tlie  ai^c  of  twenty  he 
started  in  life  for  iiiniselt',  havino  iiotiiina  hut 
his  good  name;  lie  starte<i  u  poor  hoy  for  the 
J'acific  coast,  choosini;  California  for  his  "  Mec- 
ca." Novemher  7,  IStiO,  there  arrived  in  the 
State  of  (Jaliforiiia  a  very  tired  yonnif  man,  who 
did  not  feel  discouraoed,  but  obtained  a  sciiool 
as  soon  as  pussilile  and  commenced  to  put  to 
practical  use  the  truths  he  had  been  storing  his 
l)rain  with  during  his  years  of  schooling.  For 
one  year  he  instructed  the  youths  of  (!alit'ornia, 
but  in  IfSlJl  he  made  his  way  to  I'ortland,  Ore- 
gon, and  stayed  there  a  short  time  ami  then 
went  to  the  mines  in  eastern  Orei^on,  Hritish 
Columbia  and  Idaho,  where  he  spent  ai)out  seven 
years,  mining  with  ijood  success,  making  enough 
money  to  .settle  down  and  buy  him  a  home.  In 
1808  Mr.  Norval  settled  in  Union  county, 
where  he  bouj^ht  560  acres  of  land,  which  ho 
improved  anil  on  which  he  has  resided  ever 
since,  engaged  in  stock-raising  in  connection 
witii  his  farming.  He  has  succeeded  and  now 
has  a  nice  farm,  of  which  200  acres  are  are  im- 
proved and  in  grain:  the  remainder  is  devoted 
to  pastures  and  meadows. 

In  1888  ho  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
from  the  joint  senatorial  district  of  Union  and 
Wallowa  counties,  on  the  llepnlilican  ticket.  He 
had  been  nominated  three  times  previously,  but 
owing  to  the  overwhelming  majority  of  Demo- 
crats in  the  district,  he  was  defeated  each 
time. 

The  father  of  our  subject.  Rev.  James  N^or- 
val,  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  who  died 
when  still  in  the  prime  of  his  young  maidiood. 
He  married  »\lahala  A|>plewhite,  a  native  of  his 
f)wn  State,  and  the  young  con[)le  started  for  the 
West  to  seek  their  fortunes.  They  arrived  in 
Illinois,  in  1835,  and  nine  years  later,  in  1844, 
this  good  man  died,  leaving  a  wife  and  five  little 
children.  Mrs.  Norval  survived  her  husband 
until  1874,  when  she  too  died,  aged  si.xty-nine 
years.  Mr.  Norval  v.as  a  Krst  cousin  to  Hon. 
T.  L.  Norval,  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Nebraska,  that  decided  in  the  famous  case  of 
Governor  Boyd,  in  1892;  ami  was  also  cousin  of 
Hon.   K.  S.  Norval,  State  Semitor  of   Nel)raska. 

Our  subject  was  married,  in  1808,  to  Cather- 
ine J.  Tnttle,  daughter  of  Terry  and  Maria  A. 
(Lewis)  Tnttle,  atid  was  born  in  Iowa,  in  1852, 
and  came  to  Oregon,  with  her  parents,  in  18(32. 


Mr.  Tnttle  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  liis  wife 
of  Indiana.  .Mr.  and  Mrs,  Norval  ha\t'  had 
three  children,  namely:  Julian  K.,  a  teacdier  of 
La  Oramle;  Corda  A.,  aged  nineteen;  ami 
Terry  U..  now  seven  years  ol  age.  Mr.  Norval 
has  one  brother,  K.  O.  Norval,  who  is  an  elder 
of  the  Metlnidist  Episcopal  Chnrch,  in  Illinois. 
Mr.  Norval  has  always  bet-n  a  Kcpul'lican, 
casting  bis  first  vote  for  .\biaham  Lincoln  at 
his  second  election. 


fKOUGE  W.  HANSELL,  the  obliging  i'ost- 
master  of  Atlicna,  and  one  of  her  leading 
citizens,  was  born  in  I'ntman  county,  Illi- 
nois, July  11,  i8bO.  His  father.  William  M. 
Ilansell,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  came  to 
Illinois  when  a  small  lioy,  with  his  parents,  and 
continued  to  make  the  I'rairie  State  his  homo 
until  he  attained  to  mature  years,  when  ho 
married  Miss  Lucy  Wyckott',  a  mitive  of  Ohio. 
In  1863  .Mr.  Ilansell  removed  to  Iowa,  wluu-e 
with  his  family  he  resided  until  the  spring 
of  1870,  when  he  removed  to  Oregon,  settling 
in  the  Willamette  valley.  Three  years  after- 
ward he  moved  to  eastern  Oregon,  where  he 
remained  engaged  in  his  life-long  occupation  of 
farming,  nntil  his  death,  in  1888,  when  he  was 
seventy -years  of  age.  Mrs.  Ilansell  is  still  li\'- 
ing,  and  is  now  about  sixty-four  years  of  age. 
They  were  the  parents  of  six  children,  of  whom 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  third  child. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  Illinois  and  Iowa,  and  reared  on  the 
farm,  and  then  came  to  Oregon  and  settled  in 
the  Willamette  valley.  He  soon  .saw  the  need 
of  good  carpenters,  so  learned  the  lra<lc  him- 
self He  then  removed  to  ITmatilla  county,  in 
1878,  and  settled  at  the  present  site  of  Athena, 
and  built  the  rtrst  house  in  the  little  town.  Mr. 
Ilansell  has  lived  to  s(!e  the  barren  plaii;  grow 
up  into  the  present  little  city  cd'  1,000  people. 
After  he  had  neen  in  this  locality  some  time  he 
located  a  claim,  on  which  he  lived  for  seven 
years,  iinpioving  it,  and  then  sold  it  anil  came 
liack  to  Athena,  wdiere  he  has  since  nnide  his 
home,  continuing  at  the  trade  of  carpenter  until 
the  summer  of  1800,  purchasing  a  half  interest 
in  the  lunibor-yard  of  Athena,  hut  this  he  dis- 

fwsed  of  in  the  fall  of  1892.  The  next  spring 
le  purchased  a  business  consisting  of  stationery, 
tobacco,  cigars  and  notions.     In    March,   18'J2. 


1 


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li(!  Hicoived  tlic  (ippoiiitinniit  of  Postinsistcr  of 
Atlieim. 

At  tlie  tiiiio  of  till!  ^rcat  liooiii  iit  Tiicoiiia, 
WHsliiii;;t(iii.  lie  went  to  the  [iliice  illicl  jii<jra};e(l 
in  coMtriiclinj;  iiinl  Iniildiiif^  for  iilxiut  om;  yoiii', 
iniikiii);  coiisiili^riililt!  money,  l)iit  at  tlu;  oiid  of 
tli(^  y«"r  he  rotiii'iicd  Ikmik;.  Mr.  llanscdl  has 
now  a  nice  little  hoiiie  of  tiftet-n  aeruH  in  the 
Bul)Ui'li^<  of  Atheiui,  which  ho  has  earned  him- 
self, and  where  lie  now  enjoys  life  outside  his 
ImsineHs  iioiirs. 

Nfr.  llanscll  was  married,  in  18S1,  to  Miss 
May  Statford,  dawirhter  of  A.  M.  and  Rosa  Staf- 
ford, who  eaine  across  the  [ilainfi,  in  1852,  to 
Oreii^on,  where  Mrs.  Hansel!  was  horn,  in  Lane 
comity.  Mr.  and  .Mrs,  ilansell  have  four  chil- 
dren, namely:  I-ut'y,  Marion,  (reovaie  and 
Ray. 

When  Mr.  Ilansell  married  he  had  a  set  of 
earpenter  tools  as  his  stock  in  trade.  During 
the  past  ten  years  he  has  made  his  present 
property  and  none  can  say  that  his  time  has  heen 
wasted.  In  politics,  Mr.  Ilansell  is  a  thorouirh- 
goinji;  Republican,  and  few  there  are  wlio  are 
more  liignly  respected  and  honorcMl  than  ho. 

fROF.J.  S.  HENRV,  of  Weston,  Umatilla 
county,  ()reo;on,  a  hijifhly  resjjected  and 
^  acccoMiplished  citizen  of  this  place,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  La  Fayette,  Indiana,  May  9, 
1842,  the  only  son  of  John  and  Naomi  Henry. 
The  father  was  a  native  of  the  blue-grass  region 
of  Kentucky  and  his  mother  of  Ohio.  The 
former  die<I  soon  after  the  birth  of  the  son,  in 
1842,  at  the  aire  of  thirty-eiifiit.  Not  remein- 
l)eriiig  his  father,  the  I'rofessor  can  ^ive  but 
little  information  concerning  him.  Mrs. 
Henry  was  married  a  second  time,  to  H.  K. 
Doolittlo,  in  May,  1850,  and  died  in  July, 
1888,  at  the  age  ot"  fifty  years.  At  the  time  of 
Mr.  Doolittle's  death,  in  18()8,  four  children 
were  living,  only  two  of  whom   now  survive. 

Our  subject  bore  the  name  of  his  stepfather 
vintil  he  was  of  age,  when  he  assumed  his  proper 
name.  He  was  educated  at  La  Fayette  Univer- 
sity and  Tippecanoe  College,  on  the  old  Tippe- 
pecanoe  battle  ground.  Thoroughly  imbued 
with  patriotism,  he  obeyed  the  first  call  for  sol- 
diers in  18()l,  going  out  in  the  three-moiiths 
call,  with  the  Tenth  Indiana  Infantry,  under 
Colonel  Mansou  at  Camp  Douglas,  at  La  Fayette. 


At  the  e.xpiration  of  this  service  and  after  par- 
ticipating in  several  hard-fought  tuigagements, 
such  as  Laurel  Hill,  etc.,  the  rt*giment  returned 
home,  reorganized  and  went  into  the  three  years' 
service,  our  subject  being  commissioned  as  First 
liieutonant  of  Company  (i.  After  participation 
in  the  battles  of  Corinth  and  Shiloh  he  was  de- 
tailed as  recruiting  otiicer,  stationed  at  Indian- 
apolis, remaining  there  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  Professor  Henry  recruited  the  Sixty- 
third  and  the  One  Hundre<l  and  Fourth  Indi 
ana  Regiments,  in  Camj)  Morton,  and  at  Camp 
Douglas,  La  Fayette,  Indiana. 

Musical  talent  early  manifested  itself  in  our 
subject  and  his  parents  gave  him  an  excellent 
education,  Ik^  graduating  from  the  musical  col- 
lege at  Cincinnati,  from  which  he  received  a 
diploma;  then  entereil  the  music  conservatory 
at  Boston,  one  of  the  foremost  schools  of  its 
class  in  the  United  States,  from  which  he  like- 
wise received  a  diploma.  At  the  close  of  tlio 
war  the  Professor  went  to  Portland.  Oregon, 
and  there  began  the  professon  of  teaching  music, 
which  he  has  continued  to  this  day,  including 
in  the  course  vocal  and  all  kinds  of  instru- 
mental instruction.  In  connection  with  this, 
he  has  had  at  times  a  music  store.  While  in 
J'ortland  ho  sustained  a  very  serious  loss,  his 
store  and  its  contents  having  been  destroyed 
by  lire.  His  health  failing  in  1883,  he  began 
to  travel,  and  continued  to  do  so  until  1889, 
whcTi  he  came  to  Weston,  Umatilla  county,  and 
settled.  Beginning  at  once  to  teach  music,  he 
has  continued  it  ever  since,  being  very  popular 
and  finding  it  profitable  at  Weston  just  as  he 
liad  found  it  at  Portland. 

Like  many  other  soldier  lad.-,,  the  Professor, 
when  he  went  to  the  wars,  left  somt^body  behind 
very  dear  to  him;  and  in  18(53  he  obtained  a 
furlough  came  home  and  was  married  to  a  most 
highly  accomplished  young  lady.  Miss  Elizalieth 
Thompson,  ilaughter  of  William  and  Susan 
Thompson,  of  Iowa,  She  borne  him  three  sons, 
namely:  liirain,  at  home  with  his  i)arent8; 
William,  second  son.  a  <iruggist  at  Athena;  and 
Benjamin  F.,  still  at  home. 

Professor  Henry  was  a  member  of  the  Cit' 
Council  of  Portland,  when  a  resident  of  that 
city;  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of 
of  the  Eastern  Oregon  State  Normal  School  at 
Weston,  and  also  a  member  of  the  faculty,  be- 
ing professor  of  music  and  works  earnestly  for 
the  advancement  of  that  department.  He  has  a 
large  number  of  students  in  his  charge  at  each 


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term,  in  nil  i)rnn(Ou'B.     Tim  I'rott'Bsor  is  h  iiumii- 

l»cf  of  till!  ('(illlicil  nf  thf  I'ity  Wi'stiiii;  of  tlu! 
A.  ().  V.  W..  and  of  the  K.  of  I",  il.-  has  a 
neat  little  residiMicu  on  the  hide  of  the  hill,  in 
the  west  part  ol  town,  where  has  a  Hplendid 
view  of  the  heantifnl  little  city,  which  has  a 
popiilatiun  ot'ahont  1,000  soult". 


fOSEl'l!  McKAV,  a  pri'ininent  citizen  of 
liaker  ('ity,  Ore^^on,  was  horn  in  Espyville, 
CIraword  cuiintv,  I'eniisjlviinia,  Noveinlier 
20,  IHH,  and  lived  there  until  he  was  j^rown, 
receiving  an  edm-atioii  in  the  cotninon  schools. 
Joseph  was  the  oldest  Ron  of  II.  (t.  McKay,  the 
latici'  haviiif^  heeii  horn  on  the  ocean,  in  1815, 
while  his  parents  were  coniingto  America  from 
Ireland.  The  family  settled  in  Crawford 
comity,  Pennsylvania,  and  there  he  f;rew  np, 
learninfj;  the  tanning  business,  carrying  it  on 
in  Crawford  comity  until  his  death,  lie  was 
married  in  IHW  to  Miss  Kli/.aheth  Everlieart, 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  in  1814.  Mr. 
McKay  died  in  the  comity  where  he  was  reared 
and  where  he  had  spent  all  his  life,  in  18!J1, 
aged  seventy-two  years.  Mrs.  McKay  is  still 
living  at  E\ansl>nrg,  (Jrawford  county,  aged 
seventy-seven  years,  still  active  in  mind  and 
body,  giving  promise  of  being  able  to  enjoy  i« 
much  longer  season  of  healthful  old  age. 

Onr  subject  learned  the  tanner  trade  with 
his  father,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  went 
into  partnership  with  him  at  Kvanshnrg,  coti- 
tinning  with  him  for  three  years.  In  1800  lie 
sold  out  and  went  into  the  mercantile  business, 
in  which  he  continued  until  1872,  and  at  that 
time  sold  out,  having  been  very  jirosperous. 
J  list  at  this  time  the  e,\citenient  over  oil  inter- 
ested everyone  in  the  neighborhood,  and  our 
subject,  with  many  others,  made  his  way  to  that 
region,  speculated,  ami  lost  all  he  had.  Not 
being  entirely  discouraged  he  started  west  in 
1880,  stopped  first  at  Dakota,  but  not  altogether 
liking  the  appearace  of  the  country  he  contin- 
ued iiti  to  Leadville,  (Colorado.  There  he  en- 
gaged as  a  clerk  in  a  grocery  store,  remaining 
two  years,  when  he  went  to  Idaho,  engaging  in 
the  mercantile  business  on  the  Oregon  Short 
Line  railroad.  In  this  business  he  had  for  a 
partner  .1.  T.  Fifer.  In  1883  he  moved  his 
store  to  Oregon,  following  the  railroad,  stopped 
at  Huntington,  a  small    town,  and  in  1884,  he 

32 


removed  to  |)urkcc,  a  small  town  in  liaker 
comity,  lie  reinairu'd  theie.  anil  in  181MI  he 
was  elected  County  Clerk  of  llakei-  ciniiily, 
ami  was  re  ('lecie<i  in  .Inne,  1HW2,  by  281  ma- 
jority. 

Our  subject  was  married  on  Mandi  2r),  1884, 
to  .\fiss  .\nna  lleriion,  a  native  ol  Ireland,  born 
in  1800,  who  came  west  to  Oregon  in  1872 
with  her  si»t(frs,  her  parents  having  <lied  when 
she  was  young.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McKay  liavt! 
hail  two  children  born  to  them,  but  cmeof  wlnmi 
is  iiiiw  living,  bearing  the  name  of  lu'r  mother, 
Anna.  .Mr.  McKay  is  a  Kepiiblicaii  in  his  po- 
litical faith,  and  carried  his  comity  by  over  iJtIO 
majority  at  his  first  election  in  a  county  that  is 
largely  Democratic,  thus  demonstrating  his 
popularity  with  both  parties.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mc  Kay  are  both  moral  people  and  Mrs.  Mc- 
Kay isamembei  of  the  Uonian  Catholic  (/hiindi, 
Allliougli  Mr.  McKay  bt>gan  life  a  poor  boy 
and  never  jiossessed  $1  that  he  did  not  earn, 
h(!  has  l)i-come  a  imin  of  means,  and  no  doubt  in 
the  near  Inture  will  be  among  the  wealthy  men 
of  eastern  Oregon,  as  he  is  interested  in  some 
very  valuable  mines,  which,  although  they 
are  tiot  jiaying  a  diviiieiid,  give  every  prom- 
ise of  liecoming  very  valuable  in  the  near 
future. 

friHiH  MATTHEW  P.  DEADY  camo  to 
Oregon  in  1349,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  prominently  ideiititi(^d  with  the  his- 
tory of  the  State  of  his  adoption.  He  has  had 
much  to  do  with  forming  the  laws,  and  in  this 
way  has  aided  in  shaping  the  destiny  of  the 
groat  commonwealth. 

Judge  Deady  was  born  near  P^aston,  in  Talbot 
county,  Maryland.  His  father,  Daniel  Deady, 
was  :i  native  of  Kantuck,  county  Cork,  Irehtixl, 
wliere  he  wns  born  on  September  2'),  17'J4. 
He  was  educated  in  his  native  land,  and  when  a 
young  man  emigrated  to  the  Tniti'd  States,  lo- 
catiiiji;  at  Baltimore,  Maryland,  where  on  June 
10, 1823,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Ann  McSwoi'iiy. 
a  native  of  Baltimoris  and  daughter  of  Mr.  Paul 
McSwreny,  who  was  a  native  of  the  county  of 
Cork,  her  mother.  Miss  Cheater,  having  been  a 
native  of  England.  He  followed  school  teach- 
ing for  several  years  after  coining  to  the  United 
States.  They  had  five  childri^n,  of  whom  our 
subject  was  the  eldest.  He  attended  his  father's 
school    until  he  was  twelve   years  of  age.     In 


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33  WEST  MAIN  STREiT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

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182M,  the  taiiiily  removoil  from  Haltirnore  to 
Wlicfliiiir,  West  Vii';;iiiiii.  Ilcrr  IiIh  I'utlier 
tiui;;lit  a  si'liool  fullod  tlii'  l.iiiiciisti'riiui  Acmleiny, 
ami  licri!  his  motlicr  died  of  coiisiiiiiptioii  on 
May  31,  1^;54.  in  the  tliirly-i'i^'iifh  year  of  her 
ajri'.  In  (!on8fc|ii(iict'  ol'  tliis,  llic  family  was 
hrokiMi  u|)  for  tiic  time  licinj;.  and  hi'  livt'd  two 
years  witii  his  i;raiidr!illicr  and  uncle,  working 
in  a  store  in  jialliiiiori'.  Later  he  returned  with 
his  fiither  to  Wheeling;,  where  lie  spent  liis  time 
at  seliool  ami  in  a  music  store,  until  the  spring 
of  l^iJT,  when  his  father  l)ous;;lit  a  (arm  across 
the  river,  in  Ohio,  and  removed  there.  Here 
oursu'ojei.'t  lived  !or  four  years  iloiiif,'  his  share 
of  work,  hoeinfj,  iniiwin^,  reaping,  cleariufr, 
cliopjiint;  and  hauling  rtood,  inakiui;  fence,  |)low- 
in<;,  threshinir  with  the  Hail,  milking  cows,  and 
taking  care  of  stock.  Up  to  thio  time,  his 
reading  had  heeii  conaiderahle,  and  he  Iteeunie 
tired  of  living  in  the  country,  and  on  some  dis- 
aL'reement  with  his  father,  he  left  home  in  Kel>- 
rmiry,  1S41.  anii  went  to  Harnesville, and  engaged 
to  learn  the  Ulackh.niths' trade  with  .lohn  Kelly, 
an  enterprising  man  and  excellent  mechanic. 
His  wife,  Mrs.  Uachel  Kelly,  was  the  daughter 
of  a  Qmiker,  and  the  four  years  s|)ent  in  the 
liome  of  this  excellent  woman  were  not  without 
prolit  to  him.  At  that  time  there  were  no  fac- 
tory made  articles  in  use  there,  and  in  the  shop 
all  kimis  of  iion  work  was  done,  such  as  ironing 
wagops  and  hnggies,  making  nil  kinds  of  tools, 
repairing  of  all  kinds,  and  lioiseshoeing.  He 
made  a  vcrhal  agreement  to  serv  ■  for  four  years, 
for  which  he  was  to  Ik)  hoarded  i  ml  lodged  with 
the  family,  and  was  to  receive,  the  first  year, 
^3t;;  the  second  year,  ?^48;  and  the  third,  SfiO, 
and  six  months'  schoolirig.  The  compensation 
of  the  last  year  was  to  he  according  to  the  pro- 
gress he  had  made.  W'hen  the  time  came,  it 
was  fixed  at  iJS-i,  which  was  considered  a  com- 
pliment to  his  skill  and  industry.  Out  of  his 
wages,  he  clothe(l  himi-elf,  hought  school  hooks, 
and  had  a  little  spending  money,  in  the  win 
ter  of  IS43,  he  attended  the  academy  at  I'arnes- 
ville,  and  was  complimc  ited  hy  his  teachers  on 
the  progress  he  hail  madi".  and  was  appoitited  to 
declaim  at  the  close  )f  the  school  the  extract 
from  Wirt,  "  There  is  i.'o  excjUeece  without 
great  lalior."  At  the  end  of  the  four  years  at 
the  hlacksmith  trade,  he  had  l>eeome  an  a>'>r«ee 
good  mechanic,  and  was  complimented  hy  his 
employer  on  his  ahility  an<l  skill;  hut  during 
his  attendance  at  the  academy,  his  taste  Tor  in- 
tellectual pursuits   was  stimulated,  and   he  at- 


ti^nded  the  academy  anotiier  four  months  on  his 
own  accoutit.  The  school  was  conducted  hy 
Nathan  R.  Smith,  an  interesting  old  nnui,  the 
author  of  u  grammar  of  the  English  lan- 
guage, and  an  excellent  scliolar.  When  he 
left  school  he  received  a  certificate  that 
he  was  (jualified  to  take  charge  of  an  Kng- 
lish  school;  it  bears  date,  .lidy  7,  1S45, 
and  is  still  in  the  .Judge's  possession.  At  the 
close  of  his  term  of  school,  he  had  incurred  adeht 
of  S3(),  and  in  order  to  discharge  the  obligation 
he  borrowed  this  amount  from  .Mr.  iienjamiii 
Mackall.  a  merchant  of  Barnesville,  which  he 
gave  him  without  a  word,  and  which  the  .ludge 
re|)rtid  within  three  months,  from  the  receipt.* 
of  ids  first  school  teaching,  and  twenty-five 
years  afterward,  the  Judge  remembered  his 
kindness  by  sending  him  a  copy  of  his  Judicial 
Reports.  From  the  first  school  that  he  taught, 
he  received  ,$20  u  month.  \t  about  the  same 
time,  he  began  reading  law  with  Judge  William 
Kenuon,  of  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  a  good  nnin 
and  a  great  lawyer,  now  deceased.  On  October 
20,  1874,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  Stale,  before  Judges 
Mathew,  liurchard  and  I'lfter  Hitchcock.  lie 
remained  in  St.  Clairs\ille,  in  the  office  of  Mr. 
Henry  Keniu)n,  Master  in  Chancery,  until  the 
spring  of  184'J,  on  the  17th  of  April  ot  which 
year  he  started  across  the  plains  as  one  of  the 
family  of  a  gentleman  of  St.  Clairsville,  who 
had  been  appointed  Indian  agent  for  the  I'acific 
coast,  with  (loverninenttransportation  for  him- 
self and  a  family  of  six.  But  the  arrangement 
for  transportation  fell  through,  and  the  Judge 
was  thrown  on  his  own  resources,  working  his 
way  to  Oregon.  On  the  miu'ninguf  November 
14,  184!>,  he  got  out  of  a  canoe  on  the  bank  of 
the  Willamette  river,  where  the  city  of  Port- 
land now  stands,  and  took  a  look  about  the 
place,  while  their  Indian  crew  cooked  their 
l)reakf;ist.  The  Judge  breakfasted  two  miles 
btdou',  at  (iuild's  place,  where  he  had  remained 
all  iiight,  sleeping  in  a  house  for  the  first  time 
in  live  months.  It  was  'ledry  i>f  small  things 
with  Portland.  That  evening,  he  reached  Ore- 
gon City,  then  the  captial  of  the  <'ounty.  Here, 
he  msted  a  few  days,  and  leaving  his  little  hair 
tr,ink,  which  he  had  gotten  safely  across  the 
plains,  with  a  few  books  ami  clothes,  he  started 
(.i:  foot  for  LaKayette,  then  a  jjromising  young 
town  in  its  third  year,  and  which  was  the 
county  seat  of  Vam  Hill  county.  His  purse  be- 
ing nearly  empty  he  made  an  urningement  witli 


!  5 


HISTORY    OF    OtiKdON. 


351 


Professor  Jolm  K.  li^'le  to  aiil  liiiii  to  tin;  closu 
of  the  term  of  school  he  was  teaching  for  h 
compensation  8iifH(!ient  to  imy  his  l)oanl.  When 
tile  term  e\|)ire(l,  lie  taii^lit  anotlier  term  as  an 
eqnai  partner,  and  made  $75  a  montii,  and  a 
pleasant  acfjiiuintanee  witli  tiie  l)e8t  people  of 
the  county,  and  not  a  few  hoys  and  ^firls,  now 
heads  of  tainiiies,  speak  witli  pleasure  of  having 
gone  "  to  school  to  Jndi^e  Deady."  Tiie  Jndj^e 
acted  as  adviser  and  aid  to  the  County  Coinmis 
sioner  in  settiug  the  legal  machinery  of  the 
county  in  motion.  In  March,  1850,  he  made 
his  dehut  as  a  lawyer  in  Oregon  hofore  Judge 
().  C.  Pratt,  in  three  cases,  a  criminal  action,  a 
civil  one  and  a  suit  for  divorce.  The  court  was 
held  in  a  large  unoccupied  room  in  Jacoh 
Ilawn's  tavern.  The  bench  and  furniture  were 
improvised  for  the  occasion,  but  the  dignity  and 
order  of  the  court,  so  far  as  the  same  depended 
on  the  Judge,  would  not  suffer  from  a  compari- 
son with  Westminister  Hall.  The  first  8100  he 
got  ahead  he  sent  l)ack  to  St.  Clairsvjlle,  to 
Henry  Kennon,  to  discharge  some  pecuniary 
obligations  he  was  under  to  him  and  others,  who 
were  kind  enough  to  help  him  when  he  left 
there.  They  had  heard  that  he  had  died  of 
cholera  on  the  plains,  and  had  given  up  the 
amount  for  lost,  the  receipt  of  the  remittance 
being  the  fir.-it  news  they  had  received  to  the 
contrary.  At  the  election  on  the  tirst  Monday 
in  June,  1850,  he  was  chosen,  without  conven- 
tion or  caucus,  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  from  Yam  Hill  c>)unty,  and  dur- 
ing the  summer,  he  took  charge,  for  two  months, 
of  the  store  of  his  friend.  Elder  Glen  O.  Uur- 
nett,  brother  of  Governor  Burnett,  of  California, 
while  he  was  gone  to  San  Francisco  after  goods. 
Tiie  currency  was  largely  gold  dust.  For  a 
small  sum,  he  took  a  pinch  from  the  customer's 
buckskin  bag  of  dust,  while  large  sums  were 
Weighed  out  in  the  coffee  and  sugar  scales,  the 
store  usually  getting  down  weight.  The  Willam- 
ette valley  Indians  were  good  customers,  and 
in  dealing  with  them,  he  became  somewhat  pro- 
ficient in  the  Chinook  jargon,  and  sometimes  on 
Sundays  ho  attended  the  Campbellite  meeting 
at  the  county  Rchoolhouse.  In  December  ho 
Went  to  Oregon  City,  to  attend  the  session  of 
the  l.eiiislatiire,  where  he  met  for  the  first  time, 
Asahel  Rush,  then  ('lerk  of  the  House;  and  also 
James  W^.  Nesmith.  With  them  he  formed  a 
friendship,  which  colored  his  after  life,  and 
which,  indeed,  had  a  marked  intlueiice  on  the 
onrront  of  public   affairs,  causing  them  some- 


times to  l)(!  chIKmI  the  triumvirate.  ,ludge 
Deady's  ])ubli('  career  then  commenced,  and  be 
has  never  since  been  out  of  the  harntsss.  Dur- 
ing this  .session,  he  served  on  several  important 
committees,  including  the  judiei.iry,  aii<i  <!id  a 
large  amount  of  wt>rk  in  drafting  bills,  writing 
reports  and  shaping  legislation  in  the  i^ommit- 
tces  of  the  House.  At  the  close  of  the  session, 
at  the  request  of  the  Secretary,  (Tcneral  Kdwar<l 
Hamilton,  he  prepai'ed  for  publication  the  hnvs 
then  passed,  also  certain  laws  of  the  session  of 
IS-iy,  making  the  head  and  side  notes  thereto, 
the  whole  inakinga  volume,  which  was  published 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary.  It  was 
the  first  volume  of  laws  published  in  the  Terri- 
tory, and  is  sometimes  called  the  Hamilton  ('ode. 
In  1851  lie  was  elected  member  of  the  Legis- 
lative Council;  he  served  for  two  regular  .ses- 
sions and  one  special  one,  being  President  of 
the  Council  at  the  session  of  1852-'53,  and 
Chairman  of  the  .ludiciary  Committee  at  the 
prifir  one.  He  became  a  ruling  spirit  in  the 
Legislature,  and  took  an  active  part  in  all  its 
deliberations  and  proceedings. 

On  June  24,  1852,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Lucy  A.  Henderson.  She  was  the  eldest  child 
of  Kobert  Henderson,  a  prosj)erous  farmer  of 
Vam  Hill  county,  who  came  to  Oregon  with  his 
family  in  1846.  He  was  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
but  was  raised  iii  Kentucky,  marrying  Miss 
lihoda  Ilolman,  of  Kentucky,  her  ancestors  be- 
ing Virginians.  Judge  Deady  has  three  chil- 
dren living:  Edward  Nesmith,  a  prominent 
young  lawyer  of  Portland;  Paul  Robert,  also  a 
lawyer,  who  for  some  years  has  acted  as  (Jom- 
missioner  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court; 
the  third  son,  Henderson  Brooke  Deady,  being 
engaged  in  the  study  of  medicine. 

In  the  spring  of  1853  Judge  Deady  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  one  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Oregon.  He  held  court 
in  the  south  of  the  three  districts,  twice  a  year 
in  each  county.  There  were  no  considerable 
towns,  and  no  courts  had  ever  been  held  there 
bef(U'e.  In  the  summer  of  1853  he  paid  a 
squatter  to  abandon  a  claim  on  Campas  Swale 
in  the  Umpqua  valley,  which  he  took  under  the 
Donation  Act,  moving  his  fa.mily  there  in  the 
fall  of  that  year.  The  location  was  beautiful, 
anil  he  named  it  Fair  Oaks.  There,  he  lived, 
carrying  on  improvements  on  his  property  until 
18()0.  dividing  bis  time  between  holding  court 
and  laboring  with  bis  own  hands.  And  there 
still  may  be  seen  the  fruitful  orchards  and  vines 


w 


^a^sm 


I: 


\l 


i: 


:'5'-> 


msro/ir  of  ohkuon. 


wliicli  lie  pliintiMl  hiuI  trniiH>(l  with  Itis  own 
liHiids  iliiriii;;  the  int'TvalH  of  judicial  lulior. 
lie  wa>  iil>stMit  at  the  capitHl,  linliliiii;  court 
aliiiiit  liall  iif  t'Mcli  yi'ar,  and  in  t^o  doin^  travcli'd 
at  li'U^t  l.u(M)  mill's  annually,  nm-it  of  wldcli  was 
doMf  on  liorscback.  lie  ori^anizi'il  the  conrts 
in  lour  ol'  the  counticg  if  soutliein  Oroj^on, 
opciiiil  ihf  i'»H!ords,  ami  f)ften  wrote  them  up 
dnrin';  the  evrninff,  I^iirinj;  this  entire  ])eriod. 
he  never  missed  a  e.ourt  or  failed  to  lie  ))reseiit 
at  the  hour  for  opeminj;  one.  and  this  remark- 
alile  record  foi-  intlexihle  punctnality  was  made 
in  s|)ite  of  the  fact  that  the  Indian  war  of 
iSoS'od  occurred  at  this  time,  dnrinj;  which 
he  jrenerally  traveled  alone  all  over  the  country, 
administering  the  laws  withont  fear  or  favor, 
and  in  one  instance  sentenced  a  white  rntfian  to 
the  penitentiary  for  the  crime  of  killit)f»  an  In- 
iliaii.  (  Ml  one  w^casion.  May  8,  I85!l,  he  wan  in 
liosehur^',  till  county  seat  of  his  (^Doiijrlas) 
county  ,  hoiiliiif);  court,  when  a  man  was  arrested 
on  a  chargeof  assault,  with  intent  to  kill.  After 
\w  had  lieun  pursued  out  of  town  and  had  liecn 
tireil  on  hy  a  disorderly  crowd,  calling  itself  a 
posiecominittee,  the  accnsej  turneil  on  his  piir- 
Huers  and  tired  his  pistol,  mortally  woundinir 
one  of  them,  who  was  (jiiite  a  prominent  man, 
and  an  aspirant  for  the  Sheriff's  otHce.  The  ac- 
cused was  knocked  down  and  heaten  anil  hrought 
U|)  the  street  in  front  of  the  hotel,  when  it  was 
ascertained  that  the  wounded  man  was  dying. 
Immediately  a  cry  went  up  from  the  e.xcited 
crowd,  llanj;  him!  hanj^  him!  At  this  moment 
Jiidf^e  Deady  came  out  of  the  hotel,  where  he 
had  lieen  witli  the  wounded  man,  and  asked  of 
a  friend  what  was  u|),  and  learned  they  were  \^o- 
\\\'^  to  lianif  the  man.  He  immediately  forced 
his  way  into  the  center  of  the  crowd  of  forty  or 
tilty  persons,  where  he  found  the  j)ri8oner  on 
his  knees,  his  face  i-overeii  with  blood,  one  end 
of  a  lariat  around  his  neck  and  the  other  in  the 
lianils  of  a  nioiinted  nniii,  who  was  passing  it 
arontiil  the  horn  of  his  saddle,  preparatory  to 
dragging  the  man  to  death.  As  soon  as  the 
man  saw  him,  he  cried  out,  "Oh!  Judge,  save 
me!  for  (lod's  sake  save  me!"  Loosing  the  loop 
of  tlie  lariat,  whicli  was  already  tightening  on 
Ills  neck,  he  threw  it  over  his  head,  just  as  the 
rider  -tarted  on  his  devilish  deed.  Directing 
tile  crowd  to  stand  hack,  he  called  the  Sheriff  to 
come  with  him,  and  take  the  prisoner  to  the 
jail,  which  he  did.  The  .hidgc  says  lie  never 
knew  how  he  got  through  the  crowd,  hut  a 
young  man  of  about   160   pounds   weight  told 


liini  afterward  that  he  was  on  the  outside  of 
the  ring  and  opposed  his  body  to  his  further 
progress,  but  the  Judge  caught  him  in  his  arms 
and  threw  him  over  his  head  backward,  when 
an  o|ieniiig  was  made  in  the  crowd.  This  was 
the  only  case  of  mob  violence  tliat  occurred  in 
the  district  where  he  was  then  Judge. 

A  (,'onvention  for  forming  u  C'onstitution  for 
a  State,  met  at  Salem,  August  17,  1857.  Judge 
Deady  was  a  member  of  this  convention  for 
Douglas  county,  and  was  elected  President  of 
the  convention.  Although  in  the  chair  he  took 
an  active  part  in  x\w  formation  of  tlie  constitu- 
tion, particularly  on  theCominitteeof  tlie  Whole 
and  was  largely  instrumental  in  giving  to  the 
State  its  very  comprehensive  and  valuable  con- 
stitution. It  was  adopted  by  the  people  No- 
vember!),  1857,  by  a  large  vote,  and  in  June, 
1858,  an  election  was  held  for  the  choice  of  a 
IjCgislature  ami  otKcers  of  the  new  State.  The 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  were  each  elected 
from  the  district  in  which  they  lived,  and 
Judge  Deady,  withont  opposition,  was  elected 
for  his  district,  in  which  he  had  held  court  for 
8i.\  years.  On  the  admission  of  Oregon  into 
the  tjnion,  in  1869,  he  was  appointed  United 
States  District  Judge.  Upon  receipt  of  his 
commission,  dated  March  3,  1859,  he  i]ualitied, 
and  at  the  same  time  declined  the  former  posi- 
tion. In  the  fall  of  1860,  he  says,  "  I  left  the 
dear  old  farm  and  the  domestic  animals,  with 
which  I  was  on  familiar  and  friendly  terms, 
the  garden,  the  orchard  and  vines,  on  wliich  I 
liad  labored  for  years,  and  removed  to  I'ortland, 
where  I  have  ever  since  lived,  holding  the 
United  States  Courts."  In  1862  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  Code  Commissioners  and  pre- 
pared the  Code  of  Civil  Procedure,  whicii  was 
enacted  by  tlie  Legislature  the  following  Stip- 
teinber.  He  also  prepared  an  Incorporation 
Act,  whicli  was  passed  as  prepared,  with  one 
important  addition  and  it  has  kept  its  place  on 
the  State  oook  ever  since.  He  was  then  asked 
by  the  Legislature  to  prepare  a  Code  of  Criminal 
Procedure  and  a  Penal  Code;  he  prepared  these 
anil  also  a  .lustice's  Code,  all  of  which  wore  en- 
acted by  the  Legislature  in  1864,  and  are  still 
in  force.  Later,  the  Legislature  asked  him  to 
make  a  compilation  of  all  the  laws  of  Oregon, 
including  the  codes  then  in  force,  for  publica- 
tion. It  was,  for  various  reasons,  a  great  under- 
taking, and  required  great  care  and  discrimin- 
ate judgment.  The  work  was  well  done;  it 
covered  100  pages,  and  placed  the  laws  of  Oregon 


UlSronY    Vh'    OHKUOM. 


■Mil 


for  the  first  time  in  conveiiieiit  iiiid  iicceHsiMe 
simno,  and  Deady's  (^odes  and  (Jonipilation 
rank  liij/ii  ainonir  tlie  prodiuitidiiM  of  tliis  kind. 
In  1S74,  in  conjnncticm  with  La  Fayotte  l^aiie, 
lie  niadu  a  eirnilar  conipihition,  and  Few,  it'  any, 
States  liave  liad  thu  work  done  at  so  jitth*  <!ost 
and  80  ably  executed.  Independent  of  his  !ei;al 
writing's  he  lias  coiitril)ntc(i  larjfely  to  the  pe- 
riodicals of  tlie  day,  and  ills  pnblic  lectures  and 
addrcsa(!S  (models  in  their  way)  have  heon  a|)- 
proved  by  tiie  best  judgment  at  home  and 
abroad.  In  lS(57-6S-'()i)  there  was  no  Circuit 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Courts  on  this 
coast,  and  Judge  IJoady  was  assigned  by  Mr. 
Justice  Field  to  hold  tiiis  (Jireuit  Court  in  San 
Francisco,  and  lie  was  thus  employed  three 
months  in  each  of  these  years,  and  cleared  the 
long  delayed  docket.  While  acting  in  that 
capacity,  his  great  abilities  were  fully  admitted 
by  the  bar  of  San  P^-ancisco,  ami  they  psissed 
and  provided  him  with  resolutions  of  thanks 
anti  appreciation.  During  his  judicial  career, 
he  has  tried  many  cases  of  note  and  his  deci- 
t^ions  have  been  so  learned  and  just  that  i,iiey 
have  coi'imaTided  the  highest  respect.  There  is 
not  an  agency  of  culture  in  the  State  which  had 
not  received  some  benefit  from  his  direct  efforts 
or  counsels.  As  President  of  the  Board  of  lie- 
gents  of  the  State  Univer-sity  of  Oregon,  he  is 
the  leading  spirit  of  that  institutioi>  and  gives 
mucii  time  and  labor  to  advance  its  interests. 
The  excellent  Portland  Library  is  a  child  of  his 
creation  and  continuing  care,  and  through  it  he 
has  done  much  toward  developing  the  literary 
taste  of  this  community.  His  selection,  by 
Senator  Stanford,  as  a  iiegent  of  ijeland  Stan- 
ford, Jr.,  University,  was  a  happy  choice.  Of 
all  the  citizens  of  Oregon  he  is  most  fit  for  the 
trust.  His  life  has  been  a  great,  pure,  good 
life,  and  his  public  work  will  be  remembered 
with  gratitude  by  the  future  generation  of  in- 
telligent people  that  shall  inhabit  this  great 
commonwealth,  in  the  founding  of  which  ho  has 
taken  so  prominent  a  part,  and  from  whom  its 
liberal  and  l)enign  laws  have  largely  emanated. 
He  has  made  an  impression  on  his  State  for 
good,  and  his  name  and  memory  will  be  revered 
by  every  worthy  citizen  o£  Oregon,  while  the 
world  lasts  and  history  is  preserved. 


§  !^«'^'''^-=-?'*  " 


fl'.  McDANIKL,  an  intlucntial  resident 
of  Cove,  Oregon,  was  born  in  I'l'iiton 
»  county,  Missouri,  May  2,  l>i:j'J,  the  sixth 
child  in  a  family  of  eight  children,  of  Kiios 
and  Clara  (Jackson)  McUaniid,  nativ(!s  of  Iv<mi- 
tueky.  Mr.  McDaniel,  Sr..  inove<l  to  Missouri  iit 
an  early  day  and  continued  there  his  occupi 
tion  of  fanning,  later  moved  to  Kansas,  wliiM'e 
Mrs.  McDaniel  died,  in  18oil.  an  1  Mr.  McD.ui- 
iel,  in  1S74,  at  the  age  of  sjveiity-six.  Our 
subject  has  one  brother  in  Diillas  (•ounly, 
Texas,  one  in  Marion  couniy,  Oregon,  one  in 
Vallejo,  (California;  neither  is  married;  and  he 
has  a  sister  in  Indian  Territory  and  one  in 
Missouri. 

Our  subject  came  to  Oregon  in  1S()1,  having 
crossed  the  plains  as  a  teamstcM-,  being  six 
months  making  the  journey.  He  had  many 
unpleasant  ailventures  with  the  Indians.  His 
first  location  was' in  {'ortbind,  where  he  worked 
at  a  sash  and  door  factory,  at  §20  a  month. 
Remaining  tiiere  until  iSO'd,  he  came  to  Union 
county  and  located  at  Cove.  This  place  was 
named  from  a  small  cove  that  extends  up  into 
tlie  mountain,  nine  miles  liortlieast  of  Union,  in 
the  (Jrande  liunde  valley,  and  he  began  work  at 
his  trade  of  carpenter,  in  1863. 

In  18(55  he  was  married  tn  Miss  Frances  J. 
Cowles,  a  very  highly  esteemed  lady,  a  native 
of  Nashville,  Tennessee,  born  there  May  4, 
'184.'}.  She  came  first  to  Illinois  from  there  to 
Hoone  county,  Missouri,  and  in  ISfil  came 
across  the  plains.  The  company  had  many 
narrow  escapes  from  the  Indians,  and  the  savages 
gave  them  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  trying  to 
stampede  their  stock.  Her  brother  was  taken 
sick  and  died  on  the  road,  Altogether  it  was 
a  weary  journey  of  six  motiths.  Her  uncle 
stopped  at  Auburn,  in  Baker  county,  where  he 
remained  a  short  time,  and  in  Decern'  1862, 
they  came  to  Cove  and  settled  on  the  farm 
where  they  now  reside.  Mrs.  McDaniel  was 
the  first  white  woman  that  went  on  the  moun- 
tains that  lie  just  east  of  Cove.  This  is  a  very 
high  peak  and  it  has  been  named  after  her, 
Mount  Fanny,  and  it  can  be  seen  many  miles 
away.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McDaniel  have  a  very  in- 
teresting family  of  six  ciiildren,  of  whom  we 
will  sp(!ak.  The  oldest  son,  Samuel  D.,  is  a 
graduate  of  Scott's  University,  at  Portland,  but 
is  now  at  home  and  has  a  third  interest  in  the 
store  with  his  father;  Edwin  B.,  has  become  a 
physician,  attending  his  first  lectures  when  but 
I  seventeen  years  of  age,  and   receiving  his   di- 


w 


354 


UIsrORY    OF   ORSOON. 


\i\  I 


M 
\\  ■■ 

■;     i 


i :;! 


jiliiiiiii,  Miircli  2H,  1891,  wlicii  lint  iiiiietoen,  lie 
liii\  iiif;  fjruiiiiiiti'd  witli  honor  lit  tin-  lii'iid  of  his 
cliiss.  Ill'  is  now  pi-c|iiiiiii{;  to  iitti'iul  tiio  Mt'ii- 
iciil  i^ximiiiiiitioii  ISoiifd  at  I'ortinnii  iiiici  will 
iitti'ml  ii  coiiisf  of  lectures  in  I'liiliideljiliin. 
('addle  I).,  tiie  next  cliiiil.  is  attendinix  tlie  As- 
cension sehool;  and  (iraee  ("..  Uoy  (!.,  and  liir- 
die  ('.  aiv  all  at  iionie.  Mr.  MeDaniel  and  ids 
nnele,  Mr.  S.  I).  Coles,  have  lieeii  eiigaj^ed  in  a 
general  nierclmndise  hiisiness  at  Cove,  liaving 
now  a  hii'^re  .-tore  and  doin^  a  luisiness  of  ^25,- 
(MIO  a  vear.  Mr.  McDaniel  has  one  of  the  fin- 
est lioines  in  the  valhv,  a  lieaMtiliil  eottaire.  lo- 
fated  in  a  large  lawn,  covered  with  lilne-grass, 
and  surrounded  witli  tine  eliade  trees.  In  the 
liejolilporiiood  of  Cove  he  owns  45(1  acres  of 
tine  land,  ht'.vinff  KM)  a<-res  in  his  farm  adjoin- 
inj.'.  and  where  his  lious(>  and  >tore  is  located, 
!ind  this  land  is  Worth  over  ^l(K)  per  acre, 
lie  is  a  M'rv  jnipnhir  nienilier  of  the  Demo- 
cratic Jiarty,  Inning  heen  nominated  as  liepre- 
.-enfalive  of  lii»  county,  and  will  no  doulit 
reit'ive  a  great  many  Uepnhlican  votes.  He  is 
a  niemlier  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  Cove 
Lodge,  No.  91,  also  a  nieniher  of  the  Cha|)tc", 
and  received  a  medal  from  his  lodge  lor  his 
iihle  manner  of  coiidnctitig  its  alfairs.  Mr. 
McDaniel  is  a  memlier  of  the  (irand  l.odw, 
has  III  en  a  delegate  several  times  and  has  repre- 
eented  it  in  June,  1892. 


fOWKN    AND    S.MALL,   editors    and     j)ro- 
jirietors  of  the  liaker  City  DemociiHt. 
Ira  H.  liowcn  was  horn  in  Cook  county, 
Illinois,    Novemher  28,  1858,  and   is  the  fifth 
child  lioni  to  I.  P..  and  .\nn  (Dooley)  Bowen. 

(^eorge  l>.  .Small  was  horn  in  C(dnsa  county, 
California,  .January  11,  l.Sti4,  ami  was  the 
third  child  of  Samuel  and  Frances  E.  (Levens) 
Sunill,  natives  of  .Missouri,  who  moved  to  Cali- 
fornia in  the  tifticK  (ieorge  moved  to  Oregon 
in  1871.  He  received  his  education  at  La 
(irande  University,  and  in  1887  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  \ea  H.  Hazeltine.  The}'  have 
one  child,  Nea  II.  Small,  born  June    12,  1890. 

In  May.  1S87,  the  firm  of  liowen  ife  Small 
was  organized  ami  hought  the  I'aker  (Mty 
Daily  Democrat.  They  were  hoth  young  men, 
witli  little  capital,  and  so  wereohliged  to  go  in- 
to deht  very  iieavily  for  their  ])a])er,  as  they 
paid  §2,500  for    the  office    and  outfit.     After 


going  into  the  husiness  tiu'y  soon  saw  that  they 
woidd  he  compelled  to  put  in  an  entire  new 
plant,  which  they  did  at  a  cost  of  iJu.OtlO. 
This  increased  their  deht  to  ^17,500,  l)ut  they 
were  hoth  young  men,  fnll  of  courage  and  am- 
hition  and  willing  to  work.  They  did  all  tiie 
Work  themselves,  from  editor-in-chief  to  "j)rint- 
er's  devil."  and  have  consequently  prospered. 
The  leading  editorial  lost  none  ot  its  force  hy 
heing  set  up  and  run  off  hy  its  .  ithor,  ami  lo- 
cal hits  only  gained  piiiinin 'y  as  they  grew 
under  the  ninihle  fingers  of  tlio  pro])rietor  tvjie- 
sctter.  As  a  result  of  this  industry  they  are 
now  o\it  of  deht  and  have  a  circulation  of  2,00(> 
for  their  weekly  and  1,500  for  their  daily. 
Their  ofHce  is  one  of  the  prettiest  in  the  State 
of  (•)regon.  A  nine-column  Cottrell  power 
juess  runs  off  their  pajier.  in  douhle  time,  night 
and  day.  The  weekly  edition,  called  tiie  lied 
Uock  Democrat,  was  one  of  the  first  }mpers  ig- 
sued  in  eastern  Oregon,  the  tirst  niimher  heing 
issued  May  11.  1870.  The  tiriii  have  a  tile 
complete  of  the  paper  from  its  tirst  issue  to  the 
present  day,  having  purchased  tliem  from  a 
gentleman,  who  had  preserved  them,  at  a  cost 
of  ^800.  Thev  j)nhlisli  the  hest  daily  and 
weekly  east  of  i'ortlaml,  and  their  circulation  is 
larger,  their  advertising  heavier  and  their  poli- 
tics sounder,  in  favor  ol  tlie  Democratic  |)arty, 
than  any  other  daily  in  this  part  of  the  country. 
Altliougli  they  are  such  good  L>emocrat.s  their 
paper  is  so  newsy  that  it  is  taken  alike  hy  He- 
puolicans,  third  party  and  Democrats,  who 
want  fresh  news,  well  written,  as  well  as  poli- 
tics. Their  own  party  regard  it  as  a  party  or- 
gan, so  well  are  all  party  measures  defined  and 
discifssed.  The  success  d'  this  tiriii  is  due  to 
the  perseverance  and  thrift  of  the  two  young 
men  who  form  the  partnersliip.  Their  paper 
is  the  ailvocate  of  every  improvement  tending 
to   henetit   the  city   or  county,  and  the  voice  of 

Firogress  sounds   in     every  line   of    the    hreezy 
ittle  sheet.  ..  , 

^.^-^.^ _ 

lARLE  M.  VAN  SLYCK,  a  prominent 
druggist  of  Haker  ('ity.  Oregon,  was  horn 
^  ,  in  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  .funuary  11,  18()2, 
and  although  young  in  years  he  is  old  in  his 
profession,  as  he  has  heen  engaged  in  a  phar- 
macy ever  since  old  enough  to  enter  one. 

The  father  of  our  suoject.  Isaac  N.  Van  Slyck, 
was  horn  on  the  Hudson  river,  in  New  York,  in 


UIHTOity    OF    OUKOON. 


■.w, 


-A 


1818,  Hiid  WHsaphyBicimi  by  profession  aiiden- 
<;a;;('il  in  tilt'  prsicticc  of  tneiliciiK!  in  ('icuni. 
New  Vorlv,  until  1851*,  wIumi  lie  reniovt-d  to 
Wisconsin  on  account  of  liis  poor  iieiiltli,  trust- 
in  j^  tiiat  tt  ciiunj^c  of  climate  would  prove  licnc 
ticial  to  iiini.  In  18ti5  lie  reinos'ud  from  Wis- 
consin to  New  Jersey,  and  remained  in  I'nrlintf- 
ton  three  years,  when  his  death  occurred,  rcsiilt- 
inj;  from  consumption,  with  which  disease  he 
had  been  sutferinif  for  many  years,  lie  was 
married  to  Miss  Elizaheth  Mo^s,  of  I'erry. 
Livinjrston  county.  New  York,  born  in  1829, 
married  in  1847.  iJr.  and  Mrs.  Van  Slyck  had 
five  children  born  to  them,  of  whom  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  the  third.  Mrs.  i^.  K.  (Terould, 
of  Portland,  Oregon,  and  Miss  Euiiisa  Van 
Slyck,  of  Seattle,  Wasiiington,  are  the  only 
members  of  this  family  yet  living. 

Mr.  Van  Slyck,  our  subject,  was  reared 
principally  in  New  York,  where  he  receiveil  a 
common-scliool  education.  Although  he  has 
never  enjoyed  the  advantages  offered  by  attend- 
ance upon  a  school  of  |tharniacy,  he  is  thoroufjlily 
versed  in  all  branches  of  this  important  profes- 
sion, having  gained  his  knowledfje  by  hard  study 
and  practical  experience  in  the  business,  lie 
was  engaged  in  the  drug  business  iii  lli.xford, 
4*ennsylvania,  for  three  years  before  he  came  to 
Oregon,  making  the  trip  in  1884.  After  his 
arrival  he  first  clerked  for  Mr.  (,'.  W.  James,  of 
liaker  City,  one  of  the  leading  druggists  of  the 
place.  Mr.  Van  Slyck  was  then  elected  City 
liecorder  and  Police  Judge,  which  olHces  he 
held  for  the  spac"  of  two  terms. 

In  October,  1887,  Mr.  Van  Slyck  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Irene  Messick,  of  Portland,  born 
January  7,  i8t)7,  daughter  of  It.  M.  Messick,  a 
native  of  West  Virginia,  who  came  to  Oregon 
as  a  missionary  ^or  the  Christian  Church,  being 
a  Christian  .iiinister.  He  now  resides  in 
IJreeken ridge,  Missouri.  Mrs.  Van  Slyck  is 
one  of  a  family  of  five,  namely:  .f.  B.,  an  attor- 
ney in  UakerCity;  Jennie,  Margaret  and  Mary, 
living  in  Salem,  Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Van 
Slyck  have  one  child,  Ilutli,  born  October  19, 
1888. 

Ill  the  spring  of  1888  he  went  to  Placer  min 
ing  in  Grant  county,  Oregon,  but  after  two 
years'  residence  he  returned  to  Maker  City,  decid- 
ing, after  looking  at  various  locations  in  Cali- 
fornia and  Washington,  that  this  little  city  t'ul- 
tilled  his  reiiuirements  for  a  location  best.  In 
1891  he  etigaged  in  his  life  profession.  IIo 
now  carries  a  stock  of  $7,500  worth  of  goods 


and  does  a  large  and  tlourishiug  business,  his 
receipts  the  first  year  aniDUiiiing  to  .SliO.nilO. 
He  is  a  iiKMiiber  of  the  lif|ml>liciin  parly,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  State  (Neutral  ('oiiirnittee. 
Socially  he  atKliates  with  the  K.  of  P. 


"'^I**H^3^  «^-=-^— -^- 


§  ON.  OLIVER  M.  DODSON,  M.  1)..  mie 
of  the  excellent  ])liysiciaiis  of  IJakcr  City, 
Oregon,  is  the  original  of  this  sketcli. 
He  was  born  in  Athens.  Tennessee,  December 
18,  1842,  was  reared  there  and  attended  the 
coiiimon  schools  until  he  was  eighteen  years  oh!, 
when  he  left  school  to  enlist  in  the  army,  at  Camp 
Robinson,  Kentucky.  The  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, Oliver  Dodson,  was  born  at  ('nmberlan<l 
Cap.  on  the  old  (Jotral  farm.  Thence  ho  removed 
to  lluntsvilli!,  Alabama.  Iiecoming  one  of  the 
tlrst  settlers  of  that  jilace.  He  married  a  Miss 
Elizabeth  Ely,  a  native  of  Virginia,  who  died  in 
1873,  at  the  age  of  eighty-four  years.  ,Mr. 
Dodson  was  born  in  1789,  died  in  188K,  at  the 
age  of  ninety-four  years.  Tliey  bad  been  the 
parents  of  thirteen  children,  of  whom  our  sub- 
ject was  the  youngest  and  all  of  this  large  I'amil}' 
lived  to  be  grown,  the  youngest  death  occurring 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  the  oldest  at  the  ago 
of  sixty. 

Dr.  Dodbon  enlisted  in  ('ompany  F,  First 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  Angii.-t  31.  18(il,  at  ('amp 
Dick  Robinson,  at  Cotral  farm,  and  served  as  a 
private  until  18(52,  when  he  was  promoted  to  be 
First  Sergeant  of  his  company  at  Strawberry 
plains,  and  further  promoted  to  the  ofHce  of 
First  Lieutenant  at  the  battle  of  Perryville. 
His  service  continued  until  18f)4,  when  he  was 
honorably  <lischarged  at  Camp  Xelson,  Ken- 
tucky. IIo  was  then  commissioned  by  Andrew 
Johnson  as  Major,  January,  18t)5.  and  again 
served  in  the  war  until  his  discharge,  July  27, 
18()5,  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  being  at  that 
time  in  command  of  the  regiment.  Major  Dod- 
son saw  hard  service  as  the  following  record  of 
battles  will  testify.  He  was  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Wild  Cat  Mountain;  Paint  Oeek, 
with  Garfield;  Perryville;  siege  of  Kiioxville, 
under  liurnside;  Philadelphia,  Tennessee,  near 
Loudon;  and  in  skirmishes  at  Bull's  Gap  and 
Strawberry  Plains;  and  was  with  Sherman  to  the 
taking  of  Atlanta,  Georgia.  At  the  battle  of 
Lebanon,  Tennessee,  his  hip  was  broken.  While 
fighting  Morgan   in   tliat  engagement  his  regi- 


nn    I 


n\^ 


I    <! 
I,  ''i 


n 


896 


UlaTOHY    OF    OltKllON. 


ini'iit  c'liptiirt'cl  -ISO  of  Morj^niiV  (•(uniimiiil.  wns 
iii;iiiii  ((lii^litly  WdiifKlcil  near  m'  lit  MiPiiiit  Ster- 
liii)_r.  Kciitucl<_v.  I'lit  lint  I'noMijIi  t(»  iIImiIiIu  liiiii. 
'I'liiiftlu'r  with  his  rc<;iiiit'iit,  lie  took  [iiirt  in  the 
Ijutlli'tt  of  liiizziird's  i{ooKt,  Itc.-iicit,  AUitooim, 
IJiiiiit  Hickory,  flc,  iiiiil  was  witli  («uiu>|'h1 
StoiiiMiian  when  he  siiireiidered  at  Macon,  Ueor- 
gia,  his  hiii;aile  colllJ)l■i^illl;  the  Firnt  and 
Eleventh  Kentucky  (!avairy,  wiiich  cut  tiii'oiii;h 
tlie  enemy's  lines  and  letmned  lo  Atlanta  in 
peril  ct  oi'iler. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  the  Doctor  returned 
to  ids  home  in  Athens,  where  he  was  married 
to  Misii  liiicy  A.  Kelly,  an  old  schoolmate,  horn 
in  Tennessee,  iti  lS-42.  After  marriage  the 
Doctor  and  his  wife  reMiaine<i  there  until  IKIi'J, 
when  they  removed  to  San  Francisco,  reachinif 
there  I'elirnary  2(5.  settlliiij  in  Woodlan<l,  Yolo 
county,  where  he  remained,  engaijed  in  farming 
for  live  years.  aii<l  in  1873  caine  to  Oregon, 
settling  ill  Dallas.  I'olk  county.  On  the  23il 
of  Fehruai-y.  1874,  his  wife  died,  and  he  then 
entered  the  medical  department  of  tlie  Willa- 
mette University,  at  Salem,  receivinj;  the  degree 
of  AI.  D,  .Iuiie"l2,  1S77.  He  was  then  made 
Medical  Surgeon  at  the  .\[alhenr  Indian  .\geiicy, 
under  Major  W.  'J'.  Ilinheart,  agent,  serving 
there  one  year.  He  then  located  at  I'rairio  City, 
(iiaiit  county,  Oref^on.  where  he  remained  until 
August.  1S82.  when  he  went  to  New  York  and 
entered  lielleviie  hospital,  and  there  received 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  a  second  time,  ('oming 
hack  to  Oregon  he  settled  in  JJaker  I'ity,  where 
he  has  followed  his  profession  ever  since.  Here 
he  organized  the  .loe  Hooker  I'ost,  No.  20, 
(t.  A.  K.,  servini;  as  Commander  tor  three  years, 
ami  has  served  as  Aid  de  Camp  on  the  national 
staff' as  .liinior  Vice  (joinniander  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Oregon. 

In  1890  our  sniiject  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  on  the  Uepiihliean  ticket,  which  honor 
ahle  position  he  is  still  tilling,  having  only 
served  two  years.  His  Senatorial  district  is  No. 
22,  consisting  of  Baker  and   Malheur  counties. 

Dr.  Dodson  was  married  the  second  time,  in 
Se|)tetnlier.  1885,  to  Miss  ijelle  Gray,  and  three 
cliililieii  have  lieen  horn  to  this  union,  namely: 
Kalph  M.,  Olive  Monroe  and  Elizaheth  thine. 
(Jur  suhject  has  had  his  own  way  to  make  in 
life,  eighteen  silver  dollars  representing  the 
sum  with  which  he  started  out.  He  served 
valiantly  thiongh  the  war,  has  since  educated 
himself,  possesses  two  diplomas  from  two  medi- 
cal institutions,  owns  a  niece  home  in  the  town 


of  iiaker  City,  which  cost  him  1^8,000.  and  en- 
joys an  e.xcellent  jiractice  in  his  nrol'e.-tsion,  he- 
sides  heiiig  a  proniiiient  political  factor  in  his 
part  of  the  county. 


W.  liOYAL.  M.  D.,  of  East  i'ortland, 
was  horn  in  Virginia,  Sejitemher  16, 
*  1835,  a  son  of  ,lohii  Royal,  who  was 
a  native  of  the  State  of  Maine,  of  English  an- 
cestry wiio  were  early  settlers  of  the  colonies. 
John  Royal  married  .Miss  Hannah  Sargent,  also 
a  native  of  Maine,  and  had  six  children,  four  of 
whom  are  living. 

Dr.  Royal,  their  third  child,  graduated  at 
Mowdoin  ('ollege,  Hrunswick,  Maine,  in  1862, 
ant]  at  once  entered  the  Union  army,  as  a  sur- 
geon, and  during  the  whole  period  of  the  san- 
guinary struggle  ministered  to  the  wants  of  the 
wounded  and  dying.  The  Tenth  Army  (Jofps, 
with  which  he  was  connected,  was  a  part  of  the 
Army  of  the  I'otomac,  and  also  of  the  Army  --f 
the  .lames.  The  Doctor's  position  as  surgeon 
lirouglit  him  in  contact  with  the  horrors  of  the 
great  Civil  war,  and  he  did  all  in  his  power  to 
alleviate  the  sufferings  of  the  "  Injys  in  hliie" 
who  were  wonnde(l  in  defense  of  the  Govern- 
ment; and  the  duties  of  the  army  surgeon  with 
a  heart  to  symjiathize  with  the  intense  human 
suffering,  were  often  mo.-it  depressing,  hut 
the  Doctor  "staid"  with  the  "boys  "until  he 
was  mustered  out  in  186(). 

After  returning  from  the  war  he  began  his 
practice  in  Maryland,  but  did  not  like  it  there, 
and  moved  to  Kirksville,  Missouri,  where  he 
practiced  several  years.  He  was  married  there 
in  18B9,  and  the  following  year  removed  to  San 
Diego,  California,  where  he  practice<l  several 
years,  and  where  two  of  his  children  were  born. 
After  si.x  years'  practice  in  San  Diego  he  moved 
to  Santa  Rosa,  same  State;  but,  becoming  con- 
vinced of  the  bright  future  in  store  for  the 
State  of  Oregon  and  the  city  of  Portland,  he  re- 
moved hither  and  purchased  property,  opened 
an  office,  built  a  dwelling  and  became  identified 
with  the  interests  of  East  Portland,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  lie  has  a  good  residence, 
stable  an<l  carriage,  which  he  has  built  accord- 
ing to  his  own  ideas.  He  has  a  large  practice, 
and  has  nearly  worn  himself  out  in  the  profes- 
sion. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  and  P.  C. 
of  Phalanx   Lodge,    No.  14,  of  Portland,    and 


UlSTOliY     Of    Ollh'OOM. 


X,l 


since  coining  to  I'urtlnnil  iisis  Ih'imi  Surgeon  of 
the  (-irand  Army  of  the  Uepuhlic,  Snniner  I'oat, 
No.  12,  for  fight  or  nine  yeiWH.  In  188H  he 
WHS  Surjieon  (ieneral  of  tlie  l)e|mrtuifnt.  He 
is  an  active  ineinlM'r  of  the  ()re;;on  States  Medi- 
cal AsKociation,  and  he  is  an  honorary  ineniher 
of  the   [''orcHters. 

Hefore  the  war  the  Doctor  was  a  Douglas 
Democrat  in  his  |ioliticai  sympatliien,  hut  since 
tiien  lias  voted  witli  tlie  HepiiolicanB. 

Marcii  13.  1S69.  is  tlie  date  ot  the  Doctor's 
marriage  to  Mins  Helen  A.  Eddy,  a  native  of 
Michigan,  and  they  have  had  four  children.  The 
two  younger  were  Ixirn  here  in  Oregon. 


SOSS  MKIillKMv,  a  prosperous  and  es- 
teemed Oregon  pioneer  of  1852,  who  has 
contril)Uted  hif  share  toward  the  develop- 
ment and  up-hnilding  of  tlie  great  common- 
wealth, was  horn  in  Harrison  county,  Ohio, 
January  22,  1825.  His  |)Rrent8  were  David  and 
Mercy  (Williams)  Merrick,  hoth  natives  of 
J'entisylvania.  They  had  ten  children,  four 
daughters  and  six  sons,  the  suhjeet  of  our  sketch 
heing  the  seventh  in  order  of  birth. 

He  was  raised  on  his  father's  farm  in  Ohio, 
and  attended  the  district  school  in  winter.  He 
there  learned  the  cahinot-makcr's  trade,  and, 
when  twenty  years  of  age,  moved  to  Illinois, 
which  was  then  a  new  and  hut  slightly  settled 
country.  From  there  he  went  to  Iowa,  where 
he  worked  for  four  years  on  the  Mississippi 
river. 

On  January  22,  1850,  he  was  married,  in 
Iowa,  to  Miss  Jane  Brown,  a  highly  esteemed 
lady  and  a  native  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  She  was 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  David  Brown,  a  well-known 
and  jirosperous  resident  of  Iowa,  and  a  native  of 
lielfast,  Ireland. 

In  1852  Mr.  Merrick  and  his  young  wife 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  Their  journey 
was  safe  and  uneventful,  and  they  arrived  in 
Portland  on  October  4.  of  that  year.  Th';  iTush 
had  been  cut  out  of  some  of  the  streets,  where 
the  stumps  were  still  remaining.  There  was 
but  little  employment  to  be  found  there,  except 
cutting  saw-logs,  and  Mr.  Merrick  went  to  Mil- 
waukee in  search  of  work,  there  being  more 
doing  in  the  latter  place  at  that  time.  He  worked 
for  several  years  in  the  mill  and  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  afterward  was  engaged  with  Mr. 
Lewellan  in  the  nursery  business,  in  which  ho 


was  for  six  years  a  partner.  He  also  worked 
some  at  his  trade  in  Milwaukee.  In  18(i2  he 
mined  for  a  few  months  in  Idaho  and  Montana, 
ami  wliilt!  in  the  mines  averaged  from  :$15  to 
^'M)  and  as  high  as  iRK)  a  day.  In  1871  he 
moved  to  I'ortlaiid.  where  he  worked  as  a  mill- 
wright and  in  house-huilding  until  1871)  In 
1877  he  movefl  to  Kast  Portland,  where  he  pur- 
chased lots  on  the  corner  of  I  and  I'iltccnth 
streets,  oTi  whic'h  he  erecrted  his  present  com- 
fortable home,  where  he  and  his  faithful  wife 
still  continue  to  reside,  in  the  enjoyment  of  good 
health  and  a  reasonable  amount  of  the  necessi- 
ties required,  and  is  the  recipient  of  the  iini 
versal«steem  of  their  neighbors  and  con  niunity. 

Mr.  Merrick  is  no  longer  engaged  in  business 
pursuits,  but,  aside  from  speculating  in  city 
[)roperty.  lives  on  the  interest  of  his  money, 
which  he  loans,  and  whi<di  he  accumulated  by 
industry  and  economy  of  for'iier  years. 

In  1850,  when  the  movi<ment  was  organized 
which  culminated  in  the  Republican  party,  he 
became  an  earnest  advocate  of  its  principles, 
with  which  |)arty  he  lias  since  consistently  re- 
mained, and  of  the  record  of  which  he  justly 
feels  [)roud.  His  constituents  at  once  signaled 
their  good  judgment  and  his  worth  when  they 
elected  him  to  the  office  of  Marshal  of  East 
Portland,  in  which  capacity  he  served  satis- 
factorily for  three  years.  He  also  served  for 
four  years  as  a  member  of  the  City  (Council, 
were  he  displayed  his  custonuiry  ability  and 
integrity. 

He  has  been  a  Master  Mason  for  thirty-three 
years,  and  is  a  worthy  inemi)er  of  the  Multomah 
Lodge,  No.  1,  which  was  the  first  lodge  to  be 
formed  in  the  State.  At  this  time  he  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Washington  Lodge,  No.  4(5. 

Thus  has  the  magnificent  State  of  Oregon  re- 
warded one  who  exhil)ited  his  faith  in  her 
lionndless  resources,  who  by  persistent  effort 
wrenched  from  her  industries  the  just  reward 
of  intelligence  and  industry. 

i 

fOLONEL  JOHN  McORAKEN,  who  has 
been  a  resident  of  the  Stale  of  Oregon 
since  November,  1850,  is  a  native  of  En- 
gland, horn  in  the  city  of  London,  July  11, 1826. 
His  father,  John  McCraken,  Sr.,  was  a  native;  of 
Dublin,  Ireland,  hut  was  born  of  Scotch  parents. 
He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1832,  ac- 
compsniod    by   his  wife  and  six  chihiren.      The 


I»9 


UlSTOltY    Oh'    OHKlloN. 


mother  dicil  in  1S30,  tiiul  lie  diod  the  followiiijf 
year;  lint  two  of  the  ehiMreii  survive.  Our 
suhjeet  tiien  went  to  live  witli  (iilliort  Miiiiiions, 
a  farmer  in  ICant  llaiiihiin.  (Ninnectieiit,  who 
treated  liim  witii  ^reat  kiiidnen((  and  considera- 
tion. Mr.  Kninioiis  iiad  sons  who  were  nior- 
cliants  in  Uhode  Island,  aiui  tiiey  employed 
their  lather's  portiigi'  from  tlie  time  lie  was  six- 
teen until  he  had  rtMudit<d  liis  niiiet(;cntli  year. 
lie  then  returned  to  New  York  ami  worked 
witii  an  older  lirother  until  his  twenty-third 
year.  At  tiiis  age  he  came  to  California  and 
cniragcd  in  Imsintjss  in  Stockton;  the  lirm  was 
Underliill  &  .NfcCraken.  l-earning  of  the  larf^o 
Government  land  donations  in  Oregon,  Uolonel 
McCraken  came  to  the  State  and  located  at  (Jie- 
<ron  (Jity.  where  he  |)iircliased  an  interest  in  the 
Island  Mills,  both  tlour  and  Bawiiiills.  (tenerai 
dosepli  Lane  and  his  son  were  ])artners  in  the 
business.  In  the  fall  of  1852,  tliey  had  (juunti- 
ties  of  wheat  for  which  they  paid  $5  a  bnsliol;  a 
freshet  came  which  wrecked  this  jiroperty, 
necessitating  an  immense  outlay  or  money. 
When  the  mills  were  in  repair  and  ready  for 
grinding;,  tlour  had  drop|)ed  from  !?40  a  liarrol 
to  iSlO  and  ^512.  The  Lanes  sold  their  interest, 
and  (^olr-iel  .McCraken  wasoiiligeil  to  relinquish 
his  share  tor  indebtedness,  and  bejfin  his  career 
in  the  commercial  world  anew. 

In  the  winter  of  185i}-'o-t  he  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Ilonseof  Kepreseiitatives,  and  went 
to  Salem  to  live.  The  following  year  President 
Buchanan  appointeil  him  United  Srates  Marshal. 
In  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'5()  he  was  appointed 
Assistent  (Juarterinaster-(Teneral  by  GoveriiDr 
Curry,  receiving  at  the  same  time  the  rank  bt 
Colonel.  He  served  in  that  capacity  two  years. 
In  1857  he  entjaged  in  the  produce  commission 

~     O  I 

business  in  Portland,  Mr.  Richards,  an  old 
schoolmate,  being  his  partner;  the  latter  made 
San  Francisco  liis  head<iuarters,  and  (Colonel 
McCraken  managed  the  business  at  Portland. 
They  conducted  a  very  proHtable  establishment 
until  18t)5,  when  Mr.  liichards  was  lost  off  the 
coast  lit  (!resoent  ('ity.  The  firm  then  became 
N  McCraken,  Merrill  &  Co.,  and  this  firm  exported 
die  first  two  shiploads  of  flour  from  this  port, 
one  to  England  and  one  to  Australia.  In  1870 
tliev  dissolved  partnership,  and  Colonel  Mo- 
('raken  continued  the  business  alone.  In  1874- 
'75  he  had  several  cargoes  of  wheat  afloat,  and 
when  the  Tiirko- Russian  war  terminated  wheat 
went  down  with  a  crash.  The  same  year  he  lost 
very  heavily  on  wool,  the  market  being  greatly 


depressed  by  the  lalior  riots  in  Pittsburg.  From 
the  fall  of  1882  until  the  fall  of  IHS4,  lie  was  in 
the  wholesale  grocery  iiusiness  with  Mr.  .Mason, 
and  Ciirried  on  the  trade  alone  until  1^88.  lie 
then  sold  out  and  made  arrangements  with  the 
Tacoina  ife  Roche  Harbor  Lime  Company  to 
handle  the  product  of  their  works  in  Portland. 
He  and  his  two  sons  are  now  doing  a  large?  and 
suucossfiil  business,  handling  (quantities  of 
building  material.  TIk?  Arm  is  .1.  .McCraken  & 
Co.,  James  and  Henry  being  the  partners. 

The  Colonel  was  married  in  Oregon,  in  1857, 
to  Miss  Ada  Painbrun,  a  native  of  this  State 
and  a  daughter  of  Ale.vander  Painbrun,  agent  of 
the  Hudson's  Ray  (.Jompany.  at  Walla  Walla. 
They  have  had  born  to  them  tive  children,  who 
are  living;  Henry  E. ;  James  R. ;  John  F. ;  Ada 
.M..  the  wife  of  Cliurle.j  H.  Hurley,  of  Tacoma; 
and  Robert  G.  The  third  son  is  in  business  at 
Sacramento,  and  the  two  oldest  sons  are  married 
anil  reside  in  Portland.  Colonel  McCraken  is 
a  Mason,  and  is  devoted  to  the  orthir.  He  has 
been  Master  of  his  lodge,  lliith  Priest  td'  his 
chapter,  and  Commander  of  his  commandery. 
He  was  Inspector-(ieneral  of  the  Thirty-third 
degree,  Scottish  Rite,  (intil  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Civil  war  \w  was  a  Democrat  in  his  polit- 
ical views,  but  since  that  time  he  has  atHliated 
witli  the  Republican  party.  During  the  great 
strife  his  heart  was  with  the  ol<i  flag  and  the 
Government  of  the  Union.  He  has  always 
been  interested  in  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
the  State,  and  takes  a  just  pride  in  tiit?  place 
she  lias  won  among  tlie  sister  States  of  this 
Union. 

'^■^^^•^ 

y)N.  SEBASTIAN  C.  A  DAMS,  an  honored 
pioneer  of  Oregon,  was  born  July  28, 
,^^  1825,  near  Sandusky,  Huron  county,  Ohio. 
His  father,  Captaiti  Sebastian  Adams,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Salisbury,  Vermont,  was  the  owner  of 
several  vessels,  sailed  on  the  lakes,  meeting  with 
many  thrilling  adventures,  and  engaged  in  the 
war  of  1812.  He  was  a  man  of  great  nerve  and 
courage.  Ho  married  Eunice  Harmon,  a  native 
of  Rutland,  Vermont,  and  had  eight  children, 
three  sons  and  tive  (laughters,  tive  of  whom  are 
living. 

Mr  Adams,  our  subject,  the  youngest  sou  in 
the  above  family,  moved  to  Galesburg,  Illinois, 
in  1837,  and  received  his  education  in  Knox 
College  there,  famous  for  the    thorough  disci- 


msruuv  OF  nuKiio.v 


■.m 


jiliiie  of  its  fciu-lii-'rn.  After  (|iiittiiifj  tlmt  iii- 
ktitiitioii  \w  liegitii  ti'ai'liiii)r,  mill  bo  <Miiis|ikMii)iis 
WH«  liis  Inciilty  of  iitipHi'tin^  iiiHtriictioii  tlmt 
!iiH  survices  weru  iilwayr*  in  (Ifirmnil.  Iliw  fiitlicr 
dii'd  ill  1S47.  nml  in  1^50  lif  I'liiiu-  ovcrliind  to 
CalifoniiH,  iowin);  evi-rytliing  liu  liiui  on  tiu' jour- 
ney mill  sntTerinij  with  stiirviition.  so  tlmt  on 
reaeliini;  iiib  iletitination  he  wad  n  (iuceii  to  a 
Hkeleton  anil  actually  lost  ciinseioiinneHS;  ho 
conlil  Imve  cnffereil  no  more,  concciouBly,  hail  he 
actually  dieil.  lie  rennnned  forty  dnyn  in  ("ali- 
f'ornia.  to  recuperate,  and  tlien  sailed  on  the 
liark  Ann  Smith,  tor  I'ortiand.  Orejjon,  arriviii;r 
Se|iteinl>er  1;5,  1850.  lie  went  to  his  lirotlier. 
W.  L.  Adainn,  in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  took 
from  the  i;rant  a  section  of  land  uniler  the  do- 
nation law,  and  wrote  for  his  mother  and  histers 
to  come  to  ()reij;oii,  which  they  did  in  1862. 
with  the  older  son,  Oliver. 

Mr.  Adams  lived  four  years  on  his  lands  and 
taught  school  in  a  small  rush  shanty.  Later  lie 
removed  to  McMinnville,  and  liecame  the 
foiiiiderof  the  town  and  the  collejje,  liuildini^ 
the  lirst  house  in  the  place.  He  olitaincd  the 
land  tor  the  colleijo  and  erected  the  hiiildinif, 
and  in  185(i  took  chari^eof  the  school,  teaching 
two  years.  Amon;^  his  pupils  were  a  numl)er 
of  younj;  men  who  have  since  become  eminent 
in  the  State  and  county,  as  chief  justices,  jjov- 
ernors  of  States,  and  memhers  of  ('oiii.jrcs8. 
.  This  coUbge  Mr.  Adams  presented  to  the  I'lij)- 
tists. 

In  18fi2  Mr.  Adams  was  elected  County  Clerk 
of  Yam  Hill  county;  and  such  was  his  jiopn- 
larity,  owitij;  to  his  efficiency  and  accoiiimoilat- 
iiifT  manner,  that  he  was  thrice  re-elected  to 
that  ottice.  Then,  against  his  |)rotest,  he  vva.s 
nominated  hy  nearly  a  unanimous  vote  as  a 
candidate  for  State  Senator.  lie  was  elected, 
and  for  four  years  represented  his  fellow  citi- 
zens of  Yam  Hill  co\inty  in  the  State  Senate. 
At  the  close  of  his  term,  for  health  and  rest,  he 
spent  the  winter  in  San  Jose,  (California.  In 
1809  he  settled  in  Salem,  Orej^on,  built  a  nice 
residence  and  lived  there  for  thirteen  years. 

For  twenty-five  years  he  was  an  etticient  and 
higlily  acceptable  Christian  minister,  connected 
with  the  Christian  Church  of  Salem,  which  was 
largely  built  up  by  his  preaching  and  ministra- 
tions, and  his  society  has  been  noted  for  its 
broadness  and  Christian  intelligence.  Hut  in 
later  years  his  liberal  spirit  has  led  him  on  into 
rationalism  and  entirely  out  of  the  Christian 
theological  traces,  but  of  course  not  away  from 


its  moriils  and  retineinent.  lie  is  a  thoroughly 
good  man,  with  broad  and  enlightened  views. 

I)uring  his  teaching  experience  he  became 
tlinroiighlv  imjiresseil  with  the  idea  of  the 
need  of  an  improvi'iiient  in  the  mi'thod  of  teach- 
ing history,  wliicli  led,  after  much  study,  to  his 
becoming  the  aullior  of  a  very  valuable  work 
known  as  •>  Adams'  Illustrated  Map  of  History." 
He  went  to  (Cincinnati  in  1871,  and,  after  the 
publication  of  the  niH)),  s|KMit  six  years  travel- 
ing and  selling  it,  and  it  was  received  with  the 
highest  favor  liy  scholars  in  all  parts  of  the 
world;  it  proved  a  great  success.  It  was  ex- 
hibited at  the  Centennial,  and  while  there  Mr. 
Adams  met  prominent  people  from  all  jiarts  of 
the  world.  His  map  attracted  iiiiich  attention 
and  met  with  large  sales,  and  it  has  been  liigbly 
coinmended  by  the  prominent  educators  and 
scholars  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Adams  is  a  pioneer  who  came  to  Oregon 
with  the  intention  of  lending  his  aid  in  open- 
ing lip  the  coiintiy  and  advocating  its  educa- 
tional interests;  and  it  has  been  his  good  for- 
tune to  live  to  witness  tliis  wilderness  "  blossom 
as  the  rose."  He  has  now  retired  from  active 
business,  and  resides  with  his  wife  in  a  bounti- 
ful home  they  have  just  had  built,  fronting  the 
courthouse  grounds  in  Salem. 

February  5,  1851,  is  the  date  of  Mr.  Adams' 
marriage  to''Miss  Martha  K.  Mcl'ride,  a  native 
of  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  the  daiighter  of  Dr. 
James  Mcliride,  a  gentlemaa  of  talent  and 
ability,  who  was  minister  to  Ha-..'aii  or  Sand- 
wich iBhinds,  during  President  Lincoln's  ad- 
ministration. I5y  this  marriage  tlie'e  were  four 
chililren,  of  whom  two  are  living.  'Die  daigh- 
tcr  Finina  is  now  the  wife  of  Major  Williams 
of  Salem,  and  the  son  Loring  K  ,  is  a  practic- 
ing lawyer  at  Ilillsboro.  Mrs.  Adams  died  in 
1882,  and  Mr.  Adams  was  again  married  in 
March,  1884,  to  Miss  Martha  F.  Rayl,  a  lady 
of  fine  literary  attainments,  who  died  Decem- 
ber 8,  1888.  Mr.  Adams  married  his  present 
wife  June  12.  1890.  She  was  Mrs.  Sarah  Bab- 
cock,  a  native  of  Jeflerson  county.  New  Y''ork, 
and  the  daughter  of  Daniel  H.    liaker. 

^^-^^^ 

iLIVF:R  RALSTON,  of  La  Grande,  Union 
county,  (Oregon,  born  in  Brown  county, 
Ohio,  August  17,  1840,  son  of  Robert 
and  Rachel  (Drake)  Ralston,  both  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  removed  with  his  mother  to    In- 


;iiio 


nisTom    ot   ou/iuuN. 


(liiiiiii  wlu'ii  lie  wiiH  luit  cijjht  vfiirn  old,  \m  fntlior 
liiiviii;;  liefiidniwimil  two  yiMPh  pr.-viouHlv.  Tlie 
iiidtlicr  (iifil  ill  till'  year  is7t').  Oliver  \viih  tin- 
yl>llllJ,^•^t  of  six  cliilijrcii,  and  :»  tlic  only  out* 
now  iiviiifj.  He  Vfonivod  an  (Pi-dinary  I'diiciition 
in  tilt!  |)iililic,  sc|io(dn  of  Indiana,  and',  at'tiT  tliiit, 
wah  put  to  till-  trailf  nt'  a  cariHJiittT,  an  uccilim- 
tion  lie  toilowx'd  loi'  a  f;ii'at  ninny  yearn. 

With  patriotic  /.oal  he  obcyud  I'l-oHident  l,in- 
(•olir«  lii-rtt  call  f..r  75,00(1  men,  and  in  April, 
iMIio.  iMilir-ti'd  ill  Ihf  Sfveiitli  Indiana  iMlaiitry. 
Oidonel  .Strai<,'lit'«  ri';;iiniMit,  ami  hcrvcd  out  his 
full  term  of  fhivi'  inonlliH;  then  re  fiilislfd  in 
Conipany  Ii,  Thirty-third  Imliana  Infantry, 
Berviii;;  until  tlie  cioBe  of  the  war.  <  )iir  »ul>ject 
was  in  a  ^reat  many  l.attles  and  HkirmisheH,  of 
whidi  the  following  are  the  prineial:  Atlanta, 
Niishville,  Kno.wille.  I'liilippi,  Mill  Sprinjrs 
rwheivZi.Uieotrer  was  killed),  Laurel  Hill,  ("heat 
River,  Franklin,  in  none  of  which  was  lie 
wounded,  imt  was  captured  hy  .hditi  A.  .Moiffan 
and  made  \\\»  eseajie  after  three  weeks.  After 
the  war  he  was  dis(;liari;ed  as  Duty  Sergeant,  re- 
turned home  and  resumed  the  trade  he  1,'ad  laid 
down  tour  years  liefore. 

Our  siiliject  was  married  in  lS70,  to  Miss 
Kliza  Slacke,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  liut  reared 
in  Ohio,  and  afterward  removinjjf  to  Indiana. 
Mr.  Ralston  came  with  his  family  to  Oregon  in 
1*<78,  and  settled  at  (_!oo.^  Ray,  Coos  county,  and 
followed  his  trade  of  carpt-nter  and  hiiilder  for 
six  years;  then  went  to  Pendleton  and  engaged 
in  the  giocery  Inisiness  for  more  than  two  yt^Jirs. 
sold  out,  and  iiegan  a  furiiitiiro  and  undertaking 
liusiiiess  at  La  (iraiide,  which  he  still  follows. 
He  carries  a  very  larj»e  stock,  valued  at  alioiit 
Jl^ll.OIK),  and  his  annual  sales  amount  to  ijiSO,- 
000,  and  has  heen  very  successful  in  his  business. 
He  owns  the  store,  which  is  located  in  the  heart 
of  the  business  district,  and  is  a  handsome  two- 
story  brick;  also  other  business  property  and 
four  residences,  he  living  in  a  good  residence 
distrii!t.  The  assessed  valuation  of  his  real 
property  is  822,000,  besides  his  merchandise. 

Mr.  Ralston  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias,  of  the  Oliver  P.  Morton  Post,  (J.  A. 
R.  (is  its.luiiior  Vice-Coininander);  was  mem- 
ber of  the  City  Council  of  Coos  Hay  for  several 
years,  and  also  at  La  (4rande;  and  is  a  straight- 
out  Republican.  He  has  a  happy  home,  the 
younger  daughter,  Daisy,  livinff  at  home  with 
her  [larents.  Alice,  the  elder,  is  the  wife  ot 
W.  II.  Garland,  living  at  La  (irande.  Happy 
in    bis  wife    and   two  children,    respected    by 


ail  who  know  him.  Mr.  Ralston  is  a  very  ("ortr- 
iiate  man,  indc'cd, 

|HRRAL  M.COFFKV,  me  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  Paeilic  coast,  w.is  born  at  Itooiie- 
ville,  ('ooper  county,  .Missouri,  .MHr(di  15, 
iKiJl.  His  father,  .loel  (lotfey,  was  a  native  of 
Tennessei!.  v.'lio  married  Sarah  .Mackey,  also  a 
native  ot  Tennessee.  After  their  marriage  they 
came  lo  Cooper  county,  Missouri,  in  1S;)0,  set- 
tled on  a  farm  and  Ii  .'ed  there  until  iSo'.*,  when 
the  father  died,  in  lSSi~),  in  I'matilla  county, 
aged  sixty-nine  years.  His  wile  died  in  1S5(), 
aged  fifty-two  years.  Ton  children  were  born 
to  this  tainily,  of  wlio>.i  our  subject  and  a  twin 
brother  were  the  y.ningest,  but  only  lour  of  the 
family  are  now  living.  The  two  sisters  are 
Mary  L.  Abbott  and  K.  A.  Van  Vleet,  both 
living  in  Portluml,  and  the  iirother,  .\.  L,,  is 
the  ('ounty  Surveyor  of  Adams  county,  \Va^h- 
ington,  and  living  at  Rit/.ville. 

Our  subject  resided  with  his  fatluu',  atsisling 
on  the  farm  until  he  was  of  a^'e,  during  which 
time  he  acquired  a  good  common  education  at 
the  public  schools  of  the  neighborhood.  In 
18o2  the  brothers  and  sisters  and  father  bought 
a  team  together,  and  started  across  the  plains 
for  Oregon  with  five  yoke  of  oxen,  making  the 
journey  in  five  months.  Their  first  settlement 
was  at  V^ancouver,  Washington,  where  our  sub- 
ject received  bis  first  job  in  the  new  country, 
that  of  digging  potatoes  for  (ieneral  (iratli,  and 
had  no  ditKculty  in  obtaining  work.  He  saved 
his  money  and  soon  was  able  to  purchase  tim- 
ber lanil  on  the  Columbia  river,  and  at  one  time 
owned  800  acres  of  timber,  wliiidi  he  sold  to  a 
milling  coinpatiy.  In  1870  he  came  to  Uma- 
tilla county,  Oregon,  and  remaincMJ  ten  years, 
purchasing  a  piece  of  land  on  which  be  carried 
on  farming.  He  now  has  over  1,9'J'J  acres  of 
farming  land,  over  fiOO  of  which- is  in  a  tine 
state  of  cultivation,  the  remainder  being  in  grass 
for  large  herds  of  sheep.  On  his  farm  he  raises 
wheat  principally,  and  has  had  as  large  a  crop  as 
10,000  bushels  one  year,  for  which  he  received 
$5,000. 

Until  he  was  forty-five  years  of  age  he  re- 
mained single,  when,  in  1870,  he  married  Miss 
Mary  E.  Patterson,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who 
came  to  Oregon  with  her  parents  in  1862, 
daughter  of  James  and  Mary  E.  Patterson,  now 


IIISTOUY    Oh'    OHKIIOS. 


JKII 


rcnidiiiif  npur  Diiytiin,  Wiicliiii^toii.  Mr.  imtl 
Mrs.  Cotrcy  Imvc  Imd  tivu  cliiliin-n  liorii  to  tlieiii,  ' 
only  tliift"  of  wliorii  iirt'  now  living',  imiiit-ly: 
•latiicK  IlcrlH'i't,  <  >ctiiv'iii  K.  miil  km  iiifiiiit.  'I'lioHd 
wild  ilifd  lu'c;  'IVrriil  I,(«wiH,  tin-  clilcht,  ilieil 
in  1H7H,  uj^t'd  covt'ii  moiith(t.  Oiii'  rtiil>ji'ct 
Htiirti'd  in  lift'  us  a  |)<)()r  lioy.  lint,  noi witln-tiind- 
in^  several  inidfortuni'st  timt  have  overtaken 
hi  in  lie  lias  acfiinmlated  n  large  fortune.  He- 
hide,  liin  larj{i'  traet  of  land  lie  owiih  liifl  renidon"  > 
in  rcndlfton,  another  residence  in  tliccHnie  t  '•  i 
and  several  liuKineHs  lotn  in  tlic  main  jwrtioii  of 
tlie  |)laf(',  tliem-  yield  liiin  a  good  income.  He 
also  ownn  forty  oflicr  lotn  i  Pendleton,  not  im- 
jirovcd.  Our  snliject  was  in  the  Indian  war  in 
1855,  under  Major  HaiuH  and  Lieutenant  I'hil 
Sheridan.  He  enlisted  in  the  regular  United 
States  army,  hut  after  the  treaty  with  the  In- 
dians they  were  mur-tered  out  hy  order  of  (Jer,- 
eral  Wool.  In  politics  our  sulijeet  is  a  tneniher 
of  the  People's  psrty,  stroni^ly  adherin>;  to  the 
platform  of  that  |)arty. 

fllOMAS  II.  I'ARIiOTT,  the  eminent 
musician  and  teacher,  who  made  his  ad- 
vent ill  Oregon,  April  1,  1857,  arrivinj^ 
in  Portland,  was  horn  in  Kent  county,  Kiigland. 
Oetohor  17,  1830.  His  parents,  Siimnel  and 
Mariali  (Everest)  Parrott,  were  hoth  natives  of 
England  and  of  English  descent,  his  mother's 
family  heing  notahle  musicians.  In  1854,  his 
parents  and  seven  of  their  children  emigrated 
to  Oregon. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  remained  two  years 
longer  in  England,  completing  his  apprentice- 
bhip  to  the  shoemaker's  trade.  He  then  fol- 
low'd  the  family  to  this  State,  where  he  worked 
for  some  time  at  his  trade.  He  came  to  East 
Portland  in  18(52,  wiien  there  were  hut  three 
houses  in  the  place.  He  then  'Mirchased  a  lot 
on  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  H  ot;c-ets,  for  $1:0, 
on  which  he  erected  his  house  and  music  slu.-e, 
'where  he  has  reside<l  for  thirty  years,  tlio  pi'i-,"- 
erty  being  now,  in  1892,  valued  at  $10,000. 

tlis  service  as  a  musician  became  so  greatly 
ill  demand  that  he  finally  gave  it  his  entire  at- 
tention, and  has  acted  as  musician  for  balls  in 
several  Territories  and  taught  music  for  nearly 
thirty  years. 

June  8,  1881,  he  married  Miss  Eliza  A. 
Rhodes,  a  highly  esteemed  lady,  and  a  native  of 
Illinois,  who  is  a  daughter  of  Mr.  A.  Rhodes,  a 


widely  and  favorably  kimwii  Oregon  |)ioni'er  of 
1845.  Tiiey  have  eight  children,  the  eldest  of 
whom  was  born  in  Viirn  Hill  ciiuntv,  and  all 
the  others  in  Ivist  i'orlhiiid.  Tliev  are,  Sumutd 
II..  Arriiond  <t.,  Thoiniis  \V.,  Walter  Kdwan', 
Oi'()rge  ('larence.  .leiinie  I,.,  Archie  R.  and 
ll,  'lard  I,.  They  have  all  been  given  a 
till  iMigh  musical  education  under  the  personal 
instruction  of  their  father,  ami  the  older  sons 
are  now  among  'lie  (inest  miisician.s.  in  the  <'i(y, 
inaKiiig  that  their  bUHJness.  Two  of  the  boys, 
To'ii  ai.d  iV alter,  arc  ^reat  ball  players.  Walter 
is  playiug  and  liireil  for  three  years  at  Chicago 
in  tue  Nitional  licagiie. 

The  sni)ject  of  our  sketch  can  play  on  any  in- 
strument in  a  brass  'nnd  and  has  made  the 
teacliing  of  those  instruments  a  specialty, — 
with  violin,  piano  and  organ.  In  1881),  he 
erected  and  opened  hi-  music  store  in  East 
I'oriland,  where  he  is  handling  all  kinds  of 
musical  instruments,  including  several  of  the 
best  made  pianos  an<l  cabinet  organs.  He  also 
keeps  sheet  music  and  insfrnctioii  buoks,  hav- 
ing the  |iriiicipal  establishment  of  the  kind  in 
East  Portland. 

Besides  his  city   property,   Mr.    Parrott    has 
two  farms   in  Yam    Hill  count 
rented. 


ity,   which  he  has 


Politically,  ho  is  independent,  voting  for  the 
man  who,  in  his  opinion,  is  the  best  calculated 
to  fill  the  otHce  with  ability  and  integrity. 

lie  is  a  charter  member  of  Multnomah  Lodge, 
No.   1,  Red   Men. 

His  principal  delight  is  in  music,  in  which 
he  excels,  his  ability  in  that  direction  being  al- 
lied rather  to  genius  than  to  talent,  and  which 
he  inherits  from  his  mother  and  her  faiTiily, 
which  numbers  some  notable  musical  artists. 
Besides  he  is  a  great  sportsman,  and  many  are 
the  deer,  bear,  ducks  and  geese  he  has  brought 
down  with  the  gun.  It  does  him  good  yet  to  en- 
tertain his  friends  as  they  call  and  8j)end  a  few 
hours,  in  rehearsing  his  exploits  and  liairl)readtli 
escapes.  He  is  now  fifty-six  years  of  age,  and 
is  able  to,  and  does,  bag  as  much  game  as  any 
of  the  sportsmen  in  the  vicinity  where  he  re- 
sides. 


-^^mw^'^^ 


jOBERT  EAKm,  one  of  the  public-spir- 
ited citizens  of  Union,  was  born  in  Kane 
county,  Illinois,  March  15,  1848.  His 
father,  S.  B.  Eakin,  was  a  native  of  Ireland  and 
came   to    America   when    he    was    twenty-one 


IITSTOKY    OF    OltKOON. 


yearii  of  iiijc.  locating  in  Kane  (^)iintv.  Illinois, 
where  lie  was  iiiarrieil  to  Miss  Catherine  Mc- 
EMoiioy.  also  a  native  of  Irelanil,  who  catiie  to 
America  with  her  parents  when  a  small  child 
and  settled  in  Illinois.  'Slv.  Kak in  was  of  Scotch- 
Irish  descent.  In  18()t)  Mr.  Kakin  and  his 
family  crossed  tlu(  plains  to  Oregon,  making  the 
trip  in  just  f(inr  months.  Their  first  location 
was  in  Kngenc  City,  where  jMrs.  Kakin  died, 
shortly  after  their  arrival  in  their  new  Western 
home,  ajjed  forty-three  years.  Her  hiishand. 
however  survived  her  until,  JIarch,  1892,  ajjed 
seventy-four  years.  Mr.  and  ]\Irs.  Eakin  had 
eleven  chiMren,  of  whom  seven  are  now  living, 
namely:  Rohert,  siil)j(,'ct;  Stewart  B.  Eakin.  Jr., 
Mrs.  .lennie  Ilanna,  Herbert,  Mrs.  Katie  W. 
Queen,  James  A.  and  Walter  T. 

Our  subject  was  the  third  in  the  family  and 
after  their  arrival  in  the  new  country  he  did 
not  have  much  chance  to  attend  school,  but  as 
he  had  a  thirst  for  a  better  knowledge  of  the 
literature  of  the  world,  against  the  wishes  of  his 
father  he  entered  the  Willamette  Fniversity  at 
Salem,  not  knowing  where  the  means  were  to 
come  from  to  complete  his  education,  but  as 
time  went  on  he  obtained  the  necessary  means 
by  sawing  wood  at  odd  intervals  until  he  was 
qualified  to  teach,  after  which  he  alternated  be 
tween  teaching  and  being  taught  until  he  com- 
pleted a  four  years  course,  graduating  froju  the 
university,  in  1873.  M".  K.-kin  then  chose  the 
profession  of  law  for  hi.,  h  ,  (Viat'on  and  studied 
under  deorge  I;  i^'orris  ^t  Eugene  (Jity  for  two 
years,  after  which  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
.n  1H74-,  with  the  right  to  practice  in  all  the 
higher  courts  in  the  State.  In  1875,  Mr.  Eakin 
came  to  Union,  Union  county,  where  he  estab- 
lished an  office  and  has  since  successfully  fol- 
lowed his  profession,  lie  1ms  b 'en  honored 
with  the  nomination,  by  the  Republicaii  party, 
for  several  responsible  positions  in  his  county 
and  district,  among  which  are.  District  Judge 
anr'  I'rosecu.iiig  (\ttorney.  but  as  the  county 
was  largely  Democratic  he  was  defeated. 

In  June.  1876,  Mr.  Eakin  and  Miss  Mary 
Walker,  of  Eugene  (.ity.  were  nnirried.  Mrs. 
Eakin  was  born  in  Missouri,  in  1850.  and  was 
brouifht  to  Oregon  when  but  two  years  ol<l,  by 
her  )iarents.  M.  E.  and  Rebecca  Walker.  Mr. 
an<l  Mrs.  Eakin  have  three  children,  namely: 
(ieorgc  I! .  I?.oliert  Stowell  and  Ethel,  who  died 
in  1S78.  aged  one  year.  Althouirh  Mr.  Eikin 
experienced  some  ditticnlty  in  obtaining  a  start 
in  life  he  has  been    very   successful    in    all   his 


practice  and  has  lived  to  see  prosperity  smiling 
in  his  face.  In  addition  to  his  other  interests 
Mr.  Eakin  is  the  owner  of -lOO  acres  of  good  land 
and  a  comfortable  city  residence,  also  some  busi- 
ness property,  on  which  his  office  is  located.  He 
also  owns  other  valuable  property  in  the  city  of 
Unioi'.  Mr.  Eakin  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  (Trande  Ronde  Lodge,  No.  5(),  of 
Union,  Oregon.  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Eakin  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  are  always 
ready  and  willing  to  assist  in  any  charity  of  tlie 
church,  or  in  any  way  aid  in  benefiting  the 
hurmm  race  or  improve  the  prosperity  of  the 
town. 


|()RTER  A  LEX  A.\  DER  C(  )X  DE,  the  pop- 
ular  and  efKcient  Sheriff  of  Haker  county, 
-,.    Oregon,    was    born    in    Rotterdam,    New 
,    York,  November  12,  1852,  son  of  J.  J.  (^onde, 
who  moved  to  Illinois,  in  1854:,  when  our  sub- 
ject was  but  two    years  olil.     J.   J.   Conde   was 
born  in  New  York,  in  1820,  and  was  married  to 
Miss  Philetta  Ketchnni.  also    a  native  of  New 
j    York,  who  died   when  our  suliject  was  thirteen 
!  years  of    age.      Mr.  Conde   was    a  farmer  and 
\   reared  his  boys  to  farm  life.     One  of  his  sous, 

C.  Iv.  Conde,  resides  in  Nebraska. 

'        Our  subject  received  his  education  in  the  old 

red    schoolhouse  in  Shabb)na.  DrfKall)  (joniity, 

Illinois.      In  1880,  at  the  time  of  the  great  ex- 

j   citenient    over   the  discovery  of   the   mines  in 

I    Leadville,  our  subject  caught  the  fever  and  went 

,   t;)  Leadville.   lie  had  a  few  hundred  dollars  and 

upon   bis  arrival  he    went    prospecting.      After 

spending  all     liis  money,  without    having    any 

i   success  in   his  mininii,  he  went  to    Denver    and 

ena^aged  in  work  in  tne  shops  of  the  Denver  and 

I    Rio  (rrande  Railroail  and    worked    there   until 

j    1888,  when    he  crossed   the    Rocky   mountains 

I   and  landeil  in   Baker  City.      Mr.  Coixle  hired 

j   oiit    in    a    livery    and     traiisfer    stable,    upon 

arrival  in  the  city  and  remained   there  until   he 

'   had  sufficient  money    to  buy   out   the    transfer 

line,  which  he  operated  until  Jane,  18'J0,  when 

he    was    elected    Sheriff,    on     the     Democratic 

ticket.      He  had  been  nominated   i'l   the  spring 

j   of  that  year,  an<i  when  he  received  the  appoint 

i    merit  he  sold  his  truck  business  so  as  to  be  free 

i    to  devote  his  tim"  and  attention  to  the  duties  of 

his   office.     This   position   lu^   has    been    filling 

I  ever  since  to  the  entire  satisfaction   of  the  en- 


niSTOUY    OF    OHKnoN. 


tire  I'oiniiiiinity.  In  the  spring  of  1>S'J2  lie  re- 
ceived his  second  nomination  and  was  reeU^cted. 

September  12,  1891,  J[r.  Conde  married  Mrs. 
Xettie  McOiure,  danifliter  of  lion.  A.  A.  Sniitli 
of  Leadviihs  of  vvliich  j)hice  Mrs.  (Jonde  is  a  na- 
tive. Mrs.  (Jonde  was  tlie  widow  of  William 
McClnre,  by  wiiom  she  iiad  one  chikl,  little  Bes- 
sie McClure,  now  tiiree  years  old.  By  the 
present  marriage  there  is  one  child,  Jessie. 

Wlien  our  subject  landed  in  Oregon  he  was 
without  money,  but  by  his  ap|)lication  he  has 
acquired  some  property.  He  now  owns  !iis  resi- 
dence, in  wliicii  he  makes  his  liotue,  other  prop- 
erty in  Baker  City  and  some  very  valuable 
property  in  Portland,  Orefjron.  Mr.  Conde  is  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  1'.  Lodge,  of  which  he  is 
Past  Grand  Chancellor  Commander;  he  is  also 
a  Tuember  of  the  B.  P.  O.  E.  He  and 
his  estimable  wife  are  worthy  citizens  and  are 
highly  respected  throughout  the  county. 


•-=*■•< 


>iH=- 


fOHN  S.  ELLIOTT,  one  of  the  prominent 
pioneers  of  Oregon,  was  the  son  of  John 
M.  and  Lucy  II.  (Bryarly)  Elliott,  and  was 
born  in  Warren  county,  Virginia,  October  19, 
1815H.  He  attended  the  common  schools  of 
Virginia,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  came 
to  Missouri,  making  the  trip  alone,  as  his  par- 
ents had  died  when  he  was  quite  young.  He 
remained  one  year  with  his**  brother,  but  in 
1858  his  adventuresome  spirit  led  him  to  Texas, 
where  ho  remained  two  years  with  an  uncle, 
then  retnrned  to  Missouri,  and  in  1859  started 
for  Denver  with  five  teams  loaded  with  groceries. 
He  remained  in  ('olorado  until  18(52,  after  dis- 
posing of  his  goods,  and  then  started  for  the 
b>eetwater  mines  in  Idaho;  but  hearing  of  the 
discovery  of  a  mine  in  Baker  county,  Oregon, 
neiir  Auburn,  he  kept  on  until  lie  reached  Au- 
burn. After  arriving  in  Oregon  ho  engaged  in 
t'urming  in  Powder  valley.  After  remaining  on 
the  ranch  for  a  short  time  he  commenced  freight- 
ii.g  from  the  Columbia  river  to  the  mines  in 
Idaho  and  Baker  county  mines,  meeting  with 
moderate  success.  His  ne.\t  venture  was  in 
cattle,  buying  and  driving  them  East,  where  he 
sold  them.  He  then  went  into  business  for 
Dowling  Bros.,  and  brought  cattle  from  Texas 
North,  sellii.g  them  at  some  profit.  In  1882 
he  came  to  Union  county.  Oregon,  went  into 
the  livery  business,  continued  in  that  for  eight 
years,  and  in  1889  received  the  nomination  for 


County  llecoi'der,  to  which  office  he  was  elected. 
Ho  still  holds  the  position,  i)eing  a  candidate 
for  the  same  [losition  and  re-elected  in  1892. 
( )ur  subject  was  married  in  188(5.  to  Mrs.  Jennie 
Harris,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who  came  to  Ore- 
gon with  her  parents  when  very  young.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Elliott  have  no  children.  Mr.  Elliott 
owns  his  residence  in  Union,  but  has  disposed 
of  his  other  pieces  of  property.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Elliott  occupy  a  high  position  in  the  esteem  and 
regard  of  their  fellow-townsmen. 


i^ATlUCK  CAMl'BELL,  one  of  the  pioneers 
'fW  ^'^  1857,  was  born  in  county  Tyrone,  Ire- 
**^  land,  March  Ifi,  1833.  He  received  his 
education  in  his  native  land,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  had  completed  his  education  in  the 
common  schools.^and  then  set  sail  for  America, 
where  he  intended  to  put  to  account  the  knowl- 
edge he  had  acquired.  Mr.  Campbell  landed  in 
New  York  city  in  1850,  with  a  capital  of  $50. 
This  boy  of  seventeen  showed  that  he  was  a 
good  man  of  business,  by  starting  to  work  im- 
mediately. He  first  purchased  a  pack  of  linen 
goods,  and  tramped  the  country,  selling  them 
from  door  to  door,  and  followed  this  business 
for  six  months.  Ho  then  shipped  on  board  a 
vessel  and  remained  another  six  months,  but, 
tiring  of  sea  life,  he  made  his  way  to  Norwalk, 
Connecticut,  and  hired  out  to  a  farmer  and  nur- 
seryman, wiiere  be  remained  until  1857,  when 
he  joined  the  westward-tending  tide  and  crossed 
the  Isthmus  to  California,  making  the  trip  from 
the  Isthmus  to  8an  Francisco  in  twenty-five 
days.  After  arrival  in  California  he  spent  the 
first  three  or  four  month;-  in  mining  for  him 
self,  in  El  Dorado  county.  In  18(55  he  resolved 
to  cross  to  Idaho,  and  went  to  prospecting  and 
mining  in  that  State,  and  was  quite  successful 
in  all  his  mining  ventures,  both  in  this  State 
and  California.  He  then  hired  out,  at  five  or 
six  dollars  per  day,  to  work  the  mines,  and 
staye('  there  until  1871,  when  ho  left  the  West 
and  visited  the  various  cities  of  the  East,  New 
York  city,  Boston  and  others,  and  finally  re- 
turned to  his  native  country  and  paid  his  par- 
ents a  visit,  but  only  remained  a  year,  for  he 
had  80  accustomed  himself  to  the  wild  western 
life  that  it  was  impossible  to  settle  down  to  the 
quiet  life  enjoyed  by  his  parents,  so  he  set  sail 
for  America  the  second  time.  As  soon  as  he 
landed  in  New  York  city  he  pressed  on   to  his 


il 


!  i 


:ji>i 


HISTOliT    OF    OltEOON. 


home  in  Iilaho,  arriving  there  in  1873.  He 
Wiis  t^let'ted  to  the  tit'tli  and  sixth  sessions  of  tlie 
lA'gisiatnro  at  JJoise  (3ity,  Iiiaho.  After  tiie 
expiration  of  his  term  of  office  lie  ajfain  went 
into  tiie  mines  in  Maho. 

In  1874  he  came  to  IJaiier  City,  Orei^on,  and 
engaged  in  tiie  piirsnit  of  liis  lifetime,  mining, 
and  followed  that  nntil  IS80,  when  lie  engaged 
in  the  grocery  business  in  Haker  City,  in  which 
he  is  still  engaged.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
Connty  Truasiucr.  ami  served  two  years,  and  in 
1890  lie  was  elected  County  Judge.  He  has 
only,  at  this  time,  served  two  years  of  hia  four 
years'  term. 

Mr.  Cam|>b(!ll  was  married  to  Miss  An,., 
Carroll,  ()ctol)er  4,  187t).  She  was  liorn  in 
Irelaiid,  ^[ay  20,  1843,  an<l  came  to  America 
in  1859. 

Since  Mr.  (Jamplioirs  lamling  in  New  York 
so  many  years  ago,  he  has  experienced  many 
changes.  He  has  made  and  lost  sums  of  money 
greater  than  he  had  ever  heard  of  in  those  boy- 
ish days,  and  has  cn^ssod  the  ocean  twice  since 
that  time.  In  spite  of  all  his  unsuccessful 
mining  sjjeculations,  he  lias  a  good  store  that 
yields  him  a  handsome  income. 


4^ 


^ 


fOlLN  D.  BOWER,  one  of  the  leading  busi- 
ness men  of  Weston,  was  born  near  Niagara 
Falls,  \ew  Vork,  March  2,  1861.  His  father, 
Joseph,  was  a  native  of  England,  who  emigrated 
to  C!anada  and  was  there  married  to  Miss  Eiiz  i 
Kiiith,  wlio  was  also  a  native  of  England,  com- 
ing to  Canada  at  the  same  time  as  did  Mr. 
Bower.  After  marriage  they  moved  to  the 
St.'ite  of  New  Vork,  from  there  to  I'ennsylvania 
in  18()0,  and  in  that  St.ate,  in  1888,  Mrs.'Bower 
died.  Afti'r  this  atHiction  Mr.  Bower  went 
back  to  l/anada,  and  resided  with  his  daughter 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1891,  at  the 
age  of  seventy-eight  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bower 
had  had  fourteen  children,  of  whom  our  subject 
was  the  youngest. 

John  \).  attended  the  common  schools  in 
Beiinsylvania,  but  tinished  his  education  at  the 
State  Normal  Institute  at  (reneva,  Ohio.  For 
a  period  of  six  years  he  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business  in  Geneva,  then  removed  to  Dakota, 
and  afrer  buying  480  acres  of  land.  (Migaged  in 
farming  for  the  next  seven  yeirs,  but  then  sold 
out  and  settled  in  Taijoma,  Washington.  For 
two  ye:irs  he  engaged    here  in  a  sash  and  door 


factory,  then  came  to  eastern  Oregon,  settling 
in  Weston,  Umatilla  county,  and  engaged  in 
the  hotel  business.  He  took  charge  of  the 
Marshall  House  in  1891,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided, making  a  success  of  his  new  enterprise. 
tie  is  a  mjod  hotel  man,  understandiug  the  busi- 
ness  thoroughly,  and  only  being  satisfied  with 
conducting  a  tirst-class  house. 

Mr.  Bower  was  married  April  7,  1887,  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Turner,  daughter  of  Allen  and 
Laura  (Boyd)  Turner,  natives  of  Illinois.  Mr. 
Turner  died  when  Mrs.  Bower  was  but  three 
years  of  age,  hence  she  knows  but  little  of  his 
history.  Her  mother  married  a  second  time, 
and  is  now  living  in  Dakota.  Mrs.  Bower  is 
the  only  child  of  the  first  marriage  of  her 
mother.  Mr.  Bower  is  a  member  of  the  Mod- 
ern Woodmen  of  the  World,  Clerk  of  Camp 
No.  112,  of  Weston.  Politically,  he  is  a  Ue- 
piiblican.  Mr.  Bower  is  principally  a  self- 
made  man,  having  not  only  secured  his  educa- 
tion liy  bis  own  efforts,  but  a  com|)eti'ncy  also 
by  his  own  industry  and  hard  work. 


fUDGE  LEWIS  L.  McARTIIUR  has  re- 
sided in  Oregon  for  twenty-eight  years,  and 
is  widely  known  as  a  prominent  member  of 
the  bar.  Ho  was  born  in  Virginia  March  18, 
1843,  a  son  of  William  P.  and  Mary  S.  (Voiing) 
Mc.Vrthiir,  native*  of  Missouri  and  Maryland 
respectively;  tlie  fatlier  was  born  in  IS  14,  and 
vlescended  from  Scotch  ancestors  wlio  came  to 
this  country  before  the  lievolution.  His  pater- 
nal grandfather  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Missouri,  having  moved  there  early  in  the  pres- 
ent century;  his  maternal  grandfather  was  (Com- 
modore John  .1.  Voung,  United  States  Navy. 
Lieutenant  William  P.  McArthur  came  to  Cali- 
fornia in  1849,  and  took  charge  of  the  United 
States  coast  survey  on  board  the  United  Statics 
schooner  Thomas  Ewing;  lie  made  the  first 
United  Spates  coast  survey  from  Monterey  to 
the  straits  of  .liian  de  V\w\.  On  his  way  East 
ho  died,  December  23,  1850,  at  Panama. 

Judge  McArthur  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Maryland  and  in  the  Moravian  Seminary, 
Pennsylvania,  finishing  his  literary  studies  at 
l->ickius()n  College,  Pennsylvania.  lie  began  to 
reail  law  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
but  later  went  to  York,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  .March  18.  18(U;  there 
he  began  hia  legal  work,  Init,  meeting  with  little 


UIHTORY    OF    UJUiGOX. 


8(18 


succesg,  lie  determined  to  try  his  fortunes  in 
the  West.  Ho  arrived  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
in  November,  1864,  and  tarried  there  a  few 
weeks,  making  oi)8ervationR  of  t'le  nietliods  of 
work  in  court  and  iei;:al  proceednre.  He  then  went 
east  of  the  monntains,  and  estat)lisiie(i  liimself  at 
Umatilla,  where  he  remained  three  years.  lie  he- 
became  Recorder  of  Umatilla  county  and  edited 
the  lnde.\,a  Democratic  pajier;  he  also  assisted  in 
the  editorshi[)  of  the  (Columbia  Press.  From  this 
place  he  removed  to  Auburn,  Baker  county, 
where  he  practiceil  his  profession  and  engaged 
in  mining;  in  this  latter  industry  he  met  with 
reasonable  success.  While  a  resident  of  Auburn 
he  was  elected  (/ounty  Judge,  and  the  county 
seat  was  removed  to  Baker  City,  where  he  also 
took  up  his  residence.  In  this  place,  in  1870, 
in  connection  with  M?  D.  Abbott,  he  established 
the  Bed  Rock  Democrat.  The  same  year  he 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  (Circuit  Court,  and 
upon  taking  the  oath  of  office  he  severed  iiis 
connection  with  the  jiaper.  He  was  re-elected 
in  1870  and  again  in  1880,  serving  continuously 
for  twelve  years.  In  1882  he  resigned  the  of- 
fice and  resumed  his  legal  practice  in  the  Dalles. 
While  there  he  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the 
Denmcratic  National  Convention  of  1884,  being 
chairman  of  the  Oreijon  deleiration.  It  was 
through  his  efibrts  that  the  passage  of  a  resolu- 
tion was  secured,  allowing  delegates  from  the 
Territories  the  right  to  vote.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  committee  that  notified  Mr.  Cleveland 
of  his  nomination;  took  an  active  part  in  the 
campaign:  and  had  the  gratification  of  witness- 
ing the  inaugural  ceremonies  at  Washington 
when  Grover  ('leveland  took  the  oath  of  otKce 
as  president  of  the  United  States. 

In  188(3  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Cleveland  United  States  Attorney  'or  the  Dis- 
trict of  Oregon,  an  office  he  held  four  years. 
Since  that  time  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
law  firm  of  Bronaugh,  McArthur,  Kenton  & 
Bronaugh,  one  of  the  strongest  partnerships  in 
the  State,  .fudge  Mc.\rthur  resides  in  Port- 
land; he  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  educational 
movements,  and  has  been  regent  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oregon  for  sixteen  years;  he  has  been 
lecturer  on  Pleading  and  Practice  in  this  insti- 
tution for  a  number  of  years. 

0,1  the  10th  day  of  June,  1878,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Harriet  K.  Nesmith,  a 
native  of  Polk  county,  Oregon,  and  a  daughter 
of  Hon.  James  W.  Nesmith,  a  noted  pioneer  of 
''  s  State.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
is 


dreii,  horn  at  the  the  Dalles:  Clifton  Nesmith 
and  Lewis  Ankcny.  The  Judge  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order,  the  I.  O.  O.  !•'.,  and  of  the 
A.  O.  V.  W.  He  owns  a  modest  residi-nce  in 
Portland,  where  he  is  surroniided  witii  every 
comfort  of  life.  In  professional  circles  ho  is 
regarded  as  one  of  the  most  able  judges  of  the 
State,  and  has  the  entire  coiiffdeuce  of  bench 
and  bar. 

'^■f^^* 


[HE  PACIFIC  MUTUAL  LIFE  INSUR- 
•fll^  ANCE  COMPANY  of  California  was 
i^  organized  in  Sacramento,  California,  in 
1868,  when  steps  were  taken  to  conserve  the 
interests  of  the  PaciHc  coast  by  starting  various 
financial,  mannfucturing  and  transportation  en- 
terprises. Many  of  the  leading  capitalists  an<l 
business  men  were  active  in  this  movement, 
among  others.  Senator  Leland  Stanford,  and  it 
was  largely  through  his  influence  that  the  com- 
pany was  formed.  He  was  made  its  ffrst  presi- 
dent and  holds  the  first  policy  written  by  the 
company,  in  amount  810.000.  The  company 
was  organized  under  the  constitution  of  the  State 
of  California  and  under  its  statute  laws,  which 
give  the  fullest  security  to  the  policy  holder 
and  which  is  so  formed  as  to  preclude  the  pos- 
sibility of  loss.  The  constitution  of  the  State 
proviiles  that  the  stockholders  shall  he  imlividu- 
ally  and  personally  liable  for  all  the  obligations 
of  the  company  and  for  the  action  of  the  com- 
pany's officers.  The  Portland  branch  of  the 
company  was  established  in  1871,  and  Rtv. 
Donald  Ross  represented  the  company  until 
1888,  when  Mr.  Edward  C  Frost  was  made 
general  agent,  and  later,  in  1893,  manager  of 
the  Company.  Mr.  I'^'ost  is  a  native  of  Favers- 
liam,  England,  born  on  the  21st  of  June,  18152. 
He  was  educated  at  Maidstone.  Ivent  county, 
an<i  came  to  Bangor,  Maine,  in  1871.  lie  was 
with  the  hardware  firm  of  N.  11.  Brogg  &  Sons- 
for  eleven  years,  but  left  them  in  1882  to  accept 
the  position  of  general  secretary  of  the  Young 
Men's  ChristiHU  Association  in  that  city  lor  one 
year,  and  then  was  called  to  this  coast  to  take 
charge  of  the  work  in  the  Pacific  northwest, 
with  lieadi[uarters  at  Portland,  Oregon.  This 
position  ho  accepted,  and  v;a8  also  made  chairman 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Northwest. 
He  has,  during  his  connection  with  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  .Vssociation,  organized  a  largo 
nuinber  of  assuciatious  in  the  States  of  Oregon 


m 


^ 


:i(ii; 


BrSTOlir    OF    OliEOON. 


tiiiil  Wiisliinfjtuii,  1111(1  1ms  heoii  cliiiii'iimii  of  tlit; 
Kxi'cntive  (.'oiiimittct'  since  its  ori^aiii/.iitioii  iti 
ls*5-t.  Ill  1>SS8  lit'  resij'iipd  the  irt'iienil  sccmv- 
t;ir\>.lii|)  of  tilt"  I'ortliiiifl  Associutioii,  ami  took 
his  prusi'iit  position  ot'  geiioral  a<reiit  of  tlio 
riicitic.  ^[lItnHl  Litu  Insurnnue  Oonipaiiy  for 
()i-e:,'oii,  to  vviiii'h  one  year  later  was  iiddcd  the 
State  of  VVashiiijj;toii.  The  Company  iins  grown 
under  the  new  management,  and  the  success  of 
the  Portland  liraiu-h  of  the  Imsiness  has  been 
ni(jst  tlat'erini^.  Mr.  Frost  is  a  good  hnsiness 
man,  and  t>ne  of  high  moral  integrity.  lie 
stands  very  high  in  the  esteem  of  the  business 
men  of  the  northwest  coast. 


fOM  I'.  U.WDAI.L,  one  of  the  most  ener- 
"•'A\W  gefieand  prosperous  business  men  of  Ore- 
gon City,  was  born  in  (Maekainas  county, 
November  22,  I8t)3,  and  is  the  son  of  Judge 
iS'<jble  W.  litiiidall,  an  honored  pionei^r  of  Ore- 
gon ^?ee  sketch  of  his  life  in  this  Iwok).  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  seventh  child,  and 
was  raised  and  educated  in  Oregon  City,  trrad- 
natinjr  later  at  the  business  college  in  Portland. 

Soon  after  this  he  betran  to  handle  real  estate 
on  his  own  account  in  a  small  way.  His  ven- 
tures |>rovini.j  successful,  he  tried  larger  deals, 
which  were  also  eminently  successful,  and  tin- 
ally  platted  two  additions  to  the  city  of  Oregon 
C'ity.  one  on  the  Mt.  Pleasant  tract,  and  the 
other,  a  tract  of  sixty-three  acres,  called  the 
lioilon  tract,  both  of  which  were  desiralile,  and 
inereajed  rapidly  in  value,  netting  Mr.  Uauvlall 
a  fair  sum  of  money.  Me  has  since  then  made 
various  |)aying  invc^stments,  among  others  being 
.■\  stockholder  in  the  Oregon  City  Transportation 
Com|)any.  one  of  the  mostprosperousenterprises 
in  this  vicinity.  This  company  have  built  two 
steamboats,  the  Altona  and  Ilaniona,  which  are; 
making  six  trips  a  day  between  Portland  and 
Oregon  City,  carrying  freight  and  passengorB, 
am!  are  <liiiiig  a  thriving  business. 

Mr.  llandall  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  the  I. 
O.O.  V.  lie  is  a  member  of  the  Hoard  of  Tra<le 
and  President  of  the  City  Council,  and  is 
First  Lieutenant  of  Company  F,  N.  (4.  O,,  State 
Militia. 

He  takes  great  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
city  in  which  he  was  raised,  and  in  the  welfare 
of  his  native  State,  being  deservedly  proud  of 
both,  and  would  go  to  any  laudable  length  to 
advance   their    prosperity.     With    such  ardent 


champions  it  ceases  to  be  a  matter  of  wonder- 
ment that  Oregon  should  have  made  such  mag- 
niticent  strides  in  commerce  and  the  arts,  now 
proudly  holding  her  j)osition  in  the  vanguard 
of  the  glorious  Sisterhood  of  States. 


l-r^v-^l.     n^^^r-i-.!,! 


fOIIN  L.  CURTIS,  ail  honored  and  revered 
pioneer  of  Oregon,  was  born  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain  in  1833.  His  father,  John  \V.  Cur- 
tis, was  a  native  of  Massauhnsetts,  who  married 
Lucy  Caton. 

(hir  subject  was  reared  in  Massachusetts  until 
he  was  fourteen  years  of  age,  but  received  his 
academic  education  in  (Connecticut  in  18-17,  and 
in  1850  he  crossed  the  plains  to  California, 
iiere  he  eiigageil  in  mining,  and  remained  un- 
til 1803,  when  became  to  Oregon  and  settled 
at  La  Grande,  where  he  has  resided  ever  since. 
His  first  act  upon  reaching  this  State  was  to 
start  a  pack  team  to  the  mines  in  Idaho  and  en- 
gaged in  running  them  until  1865,  when  he  wa.s 
ap|x)inted  Deputy  Sheriff  of  Union  county,  and 
was  afterwards  electeil  to  the  office  of  Sheriff. 
He  has  served  two  years  as  Deputy  Coun*^y 
Clerk  and  lias  been  County  Surveyor,  and  June 
6,  1892.  was  elected  to  fill  another  term  of  that 
office.  He  has  proved  himself  a  good,  efficient 
official. 

Mr.  Curtis  was  married  February  22, 1867,  to 
Miss  Alinira  J.  Wells,  a  .:'>tive  of  Ohio,  who 
came  to  Oregon  in  1803.  Four  bright  children 
have  been  added  to  the  family  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Curtis,  namely  :  Willie  W.,  Jasamine,  Arthur 
Mc Arthur,  and  Elmer  Scott. 

This  interesting  family  reside  in  a  home  in 
the  old  town  of  La  Urande.  Mr.  Curtis  is  a 
member  of  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  in  politics  he 
is  a  member  of  the  Democratic  party. 


^EliOME  T.  I'.OLLES,  the  popular  and  eftt- 
J^  cient  Sheriff  of  Union  county,  Oregon,  was 
S^  born  in  (yhippewa  county,  Wisconsin,  De- 
cember 25,  1852.  He  was  the  oldest  of  a  fam- 
ily of  four  children  born  to  Charles  and  Martha 
(Anderson)  Bollea,  natives  of  New  York  and 
Sweden,  respectfully. 

Our  subject  came  West  when  he  was  only 
nineteen  years  of  age,  and  lived  in  Washington 
Territory  for  three  years.     During  his  residence 


msToiiY  OF  ousaox. 


3«7 


there  ho  worked  on  a  farm,  iind  at  the  expira- 
tion of  tiie  three  years  lie  went  to  lilalio  an. 1  en- 
gaged in  tlie  mining  camps  there  an<l  in  the  Ne- 
vada mines,  in  all  spending  about  twelve  years 
ill  the  mines  of  those  two  States.  In  1885  he 
went  to  Oregon  and  stopped  at  Cornucopia,  and 
engaged  there  in  the  mines  until  18!)U,  when  he 
was  elected  Sheriff  of  Union  county  on  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket,  and  in  the  spring  of  18'J2  he  was 
reelected  to  the  saine  office  on  the  same  ticket. 
The  local  press  testify  to  his  great  popularity. 

Mr.  BoUes  was  married  in  1887,  to  Miss  Flor- 
ence Hoyer,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  they  have 
one  child,  Virgie  Holies,  tiiree  years  old.  Mr. 
Bolles  is  a  inemher  of  the  Knighs  of  I'ythias, 
in  wiiich  order  he  is  a  prominent  member.  Tiie 
Sheriff  is  interest  in  several  paying  mines  of 
Union  county,  and  is  a  higlily  respected  citizen 
of  Union. 


-'4*'< 


if^i- 


t(»N.  C.  H.  FINN.— La  Grande's  ttrst  May- 
or, [Ion.  G.  II.  Finn  was  born  in  New 
York,  in  1850,  of  one  of  the  oldest  fami- 
lies of  that  State,  his  grandfather  being  a  lead- 
ing member  of  its  Legislature  in  1800.  lie  was 
a  member  of  the  law  class  of  1877  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  and  has  since  practiced  the  pro- 
fession of  law. 

For  the  past  decade  Mr.  Finn  has  been  a  resi- 
dient  of  Oregon,  and  has  been  a  prominent  and 
leading  mein'isr  of  the  State  bar,  where  he  is 
well  and  favorably  known,  both  as  a  man  and 
attorney.  The  people  of  La  Grande  appreciate 
his  noble  qnalities,  as  is  testified  by  the  fact  of 
Ills  election  for  three  successive  terms  as  Mayor 
of  the  city.  His  last  term  expired  in  the  spring 
of  1892.  Under  hif  administration  the  city's 
principal  improvements  were  made,  his  energy 
and  prngressi  veness  promotingas  well  as  prompt- 
ing every  enterprise  for  the  municipal  welfare. 
As  the  Chief  Executive  of  the  city  he  had  the 
distinguished  honor  of  welcoming  President 
Harrison  on  his  visit  in  May,  1891.  Mr.  Finn 
was  the  I{epul)lican  (candidate  for  District  At- 
torney of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District  at  the  elec- 
tion of. rune.  1892,  but,  although  running  fhr  in 
advance  of  his  ticket,  was  defeated  by  the  over- 
wlielming  Democratic  plurality  of  that  year. 

In  private  as  well  as  public  life  Mr.  Finn  is  a 
good  citizen,  and  fills  every  relation  of  life  in 
an  upright  manner,  so  as  to  command  the  con- 


fidence  and    esteem  of  all  who  come  in  contact 
with  him. 

fOHX  I'KIIRY  WARD,  a  pioneer  of  the 
Pacific  coast  and  a  well  known  citizen  of 
Portland,  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Rhode  Island,  June  30,  1833.  His  father, 
Samuel  Ward,  was  a  native  of  the  same  State, 
and  of  Fnglish  ancestry,  which  can  be  traced 
back  in  a  direct  lino  to  John  Ward,  one  of 
Cromwell's  captains  who  emigrated  from  Glou- 
cester, England,  after  the  accession  of  King 
Charles  II,  and  settled  at  Newport,  Rhode  Is- 
land. Tlie  son,  Thomas,  had  preceded  his  father 
to  America  in  1080,  and  married  Amy  Smith, 
a  granddaughter  of  Roger  Williams.  He  was 
Colonial  Treasurer.  His  son  Richard  was  Sec- 
retary of  State  from  1714  to  1733.  He  married 
Mary  TiUinghirst,  and  their  son,  Thomas,  was 
Secretary  of  State  from  174:()  to  17(>0.  Ho  mar- 
ried Coiitent  Cogeshall,  and  their  son,  Richard, 
married  Elizabeth  Nixon,  and  their  son,  Sam- 
nel,  married  Mary  Perry  and  had  eight  chil- 
dren. He  was  a  seafaring  man,  the  first  mate 
of  a  vessel,  settled  at  Block  Island,  and  died  in 
1800,  in  his  seventy-fifth  year.  He  married  a 
second  time  and  had  two  children  by  his  first 
marriage  and  eight  by  his  second;  they  are  all 
living. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  son  by  the 
second  marriage  just  referred  to,  when  seven- 
teen years  of  age,  in  1850.  came  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  with  an  older  brother,  who  became  sick 
with  mountain  fever,  and  they  returned  home  in 
the  fall  of  1850.  Mr.  Ward  remained  in  the 
east  and  the  south  till  the  winter  of  1801-'02, 
when  he  left  New  York,  in  January,  on  an  ex- 
ploring expedition  for  a  railroad.  When  he  ar- 
rived in  Mexico  Maximilian  was  fighting  and 
Mr.  Ward  came  on  to  California,  stopped  a 
winter  in  Santa  Clara  county,  and  in  May,  1863, 
came  to  Portland.  During  the  north  mining 
exciiement  he  went  to  the  mines,  but  met  with 
poor  success.  lietnrning  to  Portland,  he  set- 
tled here,  and  since  has  been  a  trustworthy 
Government  official.  In  1804:  he  was  appointed 
on  the  police  force;  in  a  short  time  he  was  made 
Warden  of  the  ])enitentiary ;  later  he  receivi^d 
the  aj)pointmeiit  of  Deputy  Sheriff  and  Jailor 
of  Multnomah  county,  and  served  in  that  ca- 
pacity seven  years.  He  was  then  a|)pointed 
Deputy  Collector  of  Customs  and  served  six 
years;    next    he    was    appointed    Inspector   of 


:tiW 


lUHTORY    OF    i>UKII>S. 


li 


lii.; 


Stciimsliij)s,  in  wliicti  position  lie  served  three 
:iii(l  a  liiilf  years.  In  18IS2  lie  received  the  ap- 
piiintnuMit  of  Appraiser  of  the  Port  of  I'orthmd, 
wliicii  lie  retaiiR'(l  until  tiie  election  of  ('leve- 
hiiiil  to  tiic  1 'residency.  I'revions  to  the  war 
Mr.  Ward  was  a  Wiii^',  l>iit  since  the  hejrinniiijr 
of  tliat  strni.;gle  he  lias  lieeii  a  fteadfnst  Repub- 
lican. 

He  tlien  resigned  an  .  removed  to  his  farm 
on  the  Lewis  river,  eii;iiteen  miles  from  l\)rt- 
land.  Tlui  ])lace  comprises  240  acres,  and  is  a 
fine  faun.  .Vlter  a  residence  there  of  three  years 
he  came  to  I'ortland  and  took  an  active  part  in 
the  election  of  Senator  l)(»l|(li,  and  President 
Harrison  ajfain  appointed  him  to  the  otHce  <)f 
Appraiser,  wliich  position  he  now  holds.  In 
18t')()  he  houjrht  a  piece  of  property  for  i^'ioO, 
then  in  the  rear  of  the  city,  which  now,  since 
the  city  has  grown  around  it,  is  worth  §2(),()0(). 
lie  has  huilt  quite  a  nnniher  of  houses,  and  has 
coiitril)uted  his  share  to  the  growth  of  the  city, 
and  the  rapid  advance  of  property  has  made 
many  of  the  citizens  rich.  Mr.  Ward  lias  made 
an  excellent  record  as  a  public  oIKcer,  and  wliile 
he  lias  atteiuled  strickly  to  his  duties,  his  man- 
ner has  been  atireealile  and  ohliirinit,  and  the 
result  has  been  that  he  has  hosts  of  friends. 

In  Rhode  Island  he  married  Drusilla  IIol- 
herfon,  and  had  one  child,  Wintield  Scott.  In 
Oregon  he  married  Miss  Amanda  Singer,  a  na- 
tive of  .Mbany,  New  York,  and  they  have  had 
three  children,  all  born  in  I'ortland,  namely: 
Henry  Heecher.  Lucinda  Anninila,  and  Mary 
Elizaiieth. 

-  -^€^"!§)*?^-#-  - 

fKUOME  W.  CAMIMJELL-In  1878,  the 
Willamette  Iron  Uridge  Company  was  or- 
-,^  ganized  for  the  purpose  of  buililing  a  bridffe 
across  the  Willamette  river  at  the  foot  of 
Morrison  street.  The  capital  stock  was  .^150,- 
000,  and  the  incorpoi'ators  were  William  Heck, 
C.  II.  Gorrill,  of  San  Francisco;  C.  M.  Wiberg, 
Dr.  Hawthorne,  and  other  prominent  citizens 
of  I'ortland.  The  contract  for  building  tlie 
bridj^e  was  let  to  the  I'acitic  Bridge  Company, 
of  which  ('.  H.  Gorrill  was  present.  ()p|)o8i- 
tion  to  the  enterprise  was  far-reaching,  and  af- 
ter :i  lart.e  amount  of  money  IukI  been  spent  an 
injunction  was  irranted  restraining  the  company 
from  going  on  with  the  work.  The  case  was 
carried  to  the  Supreme  Court,  which  was  six  or 
seven  years  in  reaching  the  matter.  In  1885 
Mr.  (lorrill  died,  and  a  new  company  was  formed 


increasing  the  capital  stock  to  $200,000.  The 
plans  were  changed  and  a  new  contra(!t  let  to 
the  I'.icitic  I'ridge  (/ompany,  II.  C.  Campbell, 
contractor,  and  the  work  was  pushed  forward  an 
rapidly  as  possible. 

April  VI,  188(!.  the  jiresent  structure- -the 
tirst  bridge  across  the  Willamette — was  oj)en(.'(l 
to  the  public,  and  Mr.  Jerome  W.  Camj)bell 
was  elected  secretary  and  manager  of  the  com- 
pany, wiiich  position  he  has  since  filled. 

The  completion  of  the  bridge  gave  a  new 
imjietus  to  the  growth  of  the  city,  and  its  value 
to  I'ortland  on  both  sides  of  the  river  cannot  be 
overestimated.  East  I'ortland  property  rapid- 
ly advanced,  and  its  growth  has  since  been  very 
rapid  and  substantial.  Another  com]>any  now 
operates  an  electric  railway  across  the  bri<lge,  of 
which  Mr.  Campbell  is  superintendent,  and 
whiidi  e.xtends  both  north  and  south  the  whole 
length  of  the  East  Side,  and  connects  with  steam 
motor  roads  which  runs  out  of  the  city  to  the 
east. 


ILLIAM  S.  MOTT,  M.  I).,  is  one  of 
the  prominent  members  of  the  medical 
])rofes8ion  in  the  city  of  Salem.  Oregon, 
and  is  worthy  of  representation  in  this  history. 
He  was  born  in  Clearfield  county,  Pennsylvania, 
A]>ril  17,  1855,  and  is  descended  from  French 
ancestors,  whose  name  was  originally  l)e  la  Mott. 
They  emigrated  from  their  own  country  to 
Amei'ica  before  the  Revolution.  The  grand- 
father of  Dr.  .Mott  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
his  father.  Homer  W.  Mott,  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania; the  latter  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Sun- 
derland, a  native  of  Clearfield  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, ami  a  daughter  of  David  Sunderland;  the 
ancestors  of  this  family  emigrated  to  America 
from  Germany  before  the  war  of  the  Revoluti(m, 
and  participated  in  this  conflict.  Two  of  Dr. 
Mott's  great-uncles  (his  father's  uncles),  George 
and  Ira  Mott,  lost  their  lives  in  the  French  and 
Indian  war;  one  of  them  was  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Ii\dians;  his  body  was  disjointeil,  and  he 
w  i  left  in  this  condition  until  death  ended  his 
agony.  Also  three  of  the  Doctor's  uncles,  Ira, 
Henry  and  George,  fought  in  the  Uni(»n  army 
of  the  late  Rebellion,  in  which  Ira  and  George 
lost  thidr  lives.  Henry  was  Captain  of  his  com- 
pany. 

Dr.    Mott   is  the    sixth  of  a  family  of  eight 
children,     seven  of    whom    survive.      He    was 


nisruRY  OF  oJimioN. 


869 


reared  in  (.'leiu'tiold  county,  and  nbtained  his 
education  in  the  |)ul>lic  schools  and  in  the  Clear- 
fiehi  and  Jefferson  Norinai  scjjools.  After  leav- 
inii;  the  schoolroom  as  a  |)U[iil  he  entered  it  as  a 
teacher,  and  followeii  this  jirofeasion  tor  a  period 
of  eiirht  years.  Ilavinir  determineil  upon  the 
medical  profession  as  his  life  work,  he  entered 
the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  and  was  frradnated  with  the  class  of  IHHo. 
lie  first  engai^ed  in  practice  at  New  Washing- 
ton, Pennsylvania,  in  partnership  with  his  pre- 
ceptor; later  he  removed  to  Williams'  (-rrove, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  four  years. 
Jidy  1,  1889,  he  opened  his  ofKce  in  Salem, 
Oregon.  He  was  not  lonj;  in  attracting  a  good 
class  of  patrons,  and  his  practice  has  increased 
until  he  ranks  among  the  leading  physicians  of 
the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  prime  factors  in 
the  organization  of  the  Echu'tic  Medical  Asso- 
ciation of  the  State  of  Oregon,  and  was  elected 
president  of  that  hody,  a  position  he  still  holds, 
lie  is  also  a  inemher  of  tlie  Natiomil  Eclectic 
Medical  Association,  and  was  elected  an  honor- 
ary nieniher  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical 
Association.  He  helongs  to  the  Ma-onic  frater- 
nity, and  takes  a  deej)  interest  in  the  order. 

l)r.  Mott  was  married  in  1882,  to  Miss  Will- 
etta  May  Hnnn,  of  New  Washington,  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  daughter  of  Dr.  James  M.  Hunii. 
Tiiey  are  the  parents  of  three  sons:  James  W., 
Lloyd  II.  and  William  B.,  who  were  horn  in 
Clearfield  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  politics, 
the  Doctor  is  a  Democrat.  lie  is  thoroughly 
posted  upon  all  subjects  relating  to  his  profeo- 
sion,  gives  his  business  the  closest  attention,  and 
merits  the  success  with  whicli  he  has  met. 


[HOMAS  HENRY  CRAWFORD,  a  pio- 
neer of  Oregon,  educated  in  her  institu- 
tions, is  an  enthusiastic  and  competent 
teacher,  who  for  several  years  has  been  principal 
of  one  of  the  public  schools  of  the  city  of  Port- 
land. He  is  of  Scotch  ancestry,  who  removed 
to  Londonderry,  Ireland.  His  greatgrandfather, 
Robert  Crawford,  emigrated  with  his  family  to 
the  colony  of  South  Carolina  about  the  year 
1770.  His  son,  Andrew  Crawford,  was  the 
father  of  Robert  H.  Crawford,  wlio  was  born  in 
South  Carolina,  June  12,  1808.  graduated  as  a 
physician  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College,  in  1837, 
married    Miss  Elizabeth    M.  Henry,  a  native  of 


Kentucky,  liorn  February  21,  1815,  and  st.-t- 
tled  in  Indiana,  wln:re  the  Doctor  pracliccil  till 
1852. 

ProfissorCrawford,  the  subject  of  this  notice, 
theeldest  of  tin?  five  children  in  the  above  family, 
was  born  in  Indiana,  June  24.  1840.  In  1^52 
his  graiulfather,  Thomas  Henry,  his  son  and 
three  daughters  and  their  families,  came  across 
plain  and  mountain  to  the  distant  Pacific  coast. 
Dr.  Crawford  and  his  family  being  a  part  of  the 
company.  The  children  made  themselves  useful 
in  driving  the  loose  stock;  aiul  our  subject,  then 
twelve  years  of  age,  assisted  in  the  same  on 
horseback.  He  was  attacked  with  cholera,  how- 
ever, and  the  train  was  delayed  two  days,  to 
give  him  time  to  die;  but  he  recovered  and  cime 
on  with  the  company. 

Arriving  safely,  they  settled  on  donation  claim 
lands  in  Linn  county,  building  log  cabins  and 
beginning  pioneer  life.  The  father  was  both 
doctor  and  farmer.  While  in  Indiana  he  had 
been  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 
Oregon  ho  served  two  terms  in  the  State  Semite, 
of  four  years  each.  In  1870  he  retired  from 
the  farm  and  resided  in  the  village  of  Hrowiis- 
ville  until  his  death  in  1890.  He  was  a  man  of 
wide  information,  full  of  generous  im|)nl.ses, 
and  a  competent  and  successful  physician,  who 
for  fifty-three  years  had  spent  his  life  in  caring 
for  the  sick  and  suffering;  both  by  day  and 
night,  in  storm  and  in  darkness,  he  inaile  his 
faithful  journeys  to  the  bedside  of  the  suffering, 
no  matter  whether  they  were  rich  or  poor.  It 
was  enougii  for  him  to  know  that  they  were  in 
need  of  a  physician.  In  addition  to  his  kind- 
ness of  heart,  both  in  his  family  and  toward  all 
others,  he  was  a  man  of  the  highest  integrity  of 
character,  and  all  who  had  the  honor  of  his  ac- 
quaintance esteemed  him  highly. 

In  18(53  Professor  ('rawford  graduated  at  the 
Willamette  LTniversity,  and  at  once  began  the 
profession  of  teaching,  which  he  has  ever  since 
made  the  business  of  his  life.  He  first  taught 
three  years  in  the  public  schools  of  Sublimit3'; 
ne.\t  he  was  principal  of  the  public  schools  of 
Salem  for  a  year  and  a  half;  and  in  18t)7  he 
want  to  Portland,  and  for  two  and  a  half  years 
taught  in  the  Portland  Academy  and  Female 
Seminary;  the  next  two  years  he  was  principal 
of  the  North  public  school,  now  called  the  At- 
kinson school;  the  next  four  years  he  was  Pro- 
fessor of  Natural  Science  and  a  teacher  of  other 
branches  in  the  Willamette  University. 

In  1870  he  returned  to  Portland  and  was  prin* 


870 


niSTOIiV    Of    (HIEOON. 


eipnl  of  tlie  Central  suliool  for  a  year,  and  was 
then  eli'cted  Siiperiiiteii(li'iit  of  Scliools  of  the 
eity,  whieh  poi^itioii  lie  heUi  liy  re-election  for 
eleven  years,  nntil  1n88;  since  that  time  lie  has 
U'en  principal  of  the  Park  sehool.  During  liis 
connection  with  tlie  schools  of  the  city,  there 
has  heen  a  steady  iniiiroveinent  in  applianct.'s, 
methods  and  lesnlfs;  he  has  enjoyed  the  co-op- 
eration of  the  School  Moard  and  of  the  teachers. 
The  schools  of  the  city  of  Portland  are  second 
to  hiit  few  in  any  ot  the  States, — a  source  of 
great  satisfaction  not  only  to  Professor  Crawford 
Imt  lo  all  others  who  are  interested  in  the  pul>- 
lic  schools.  Recently  the  I'rofessor  devoted 
considerahle  time  and  research  to  the  collection 
and  coMipihition  of  a  valuable  history  of  the 
fcnnding  and  ;L,'rowtli  of  the  schools  of  Portland. 
His  work  is  opportune,  inter '^ting,  valuable  an<l 
praiseworthy. 

I'rofessor  Crawford  has  been  a  member  of  the 
I.  ( ).  O.  F.  for  twenty-tive  years,  has  passed  all  the 
chairs  in  the  subordinate  branch  of  that  order, 
and  has  represented  his  lodge  in  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  State,  and  also  his  State  in  the 
Sovereijiii  Grand  f.odije,  in  1S75.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  havin<r 
taken  the  York  Rite  Chapter  and  (Jomniandery 
degrees.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Al  Kader 
Temple.  Mystic  Shrine.  He  is  a  Past  Master 
of  Willamette  Lodge,  No.  2,  of  I'ortland.  In 
jwlitics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  one 
ever  since  he  became  a  voter,  for  which  he  gives 
the  credit  to  his  mother's  line  of  relatives — all 
Free  Soilers — as  his  father  was  a  consistent 
Democrat. 

In  1804  Professor  Crawford  married  Miss  Em- 
ily H.  Crandall,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  born  in 
1840.  They  had  four  children,  three  of  whom 
they  lost  by  diphtheria,  in  Salem,  in  1875;  the 
Burvivitig  child,  born  in  1880,  is  named  Ruby. 
In  1882  Mr.5.  Crawford  died,  and  in  1891  Mr. 
Crawford  married  Miss  Eva  Grounds,  a  native 
of  Washington. 


'tj"{-4^'^-^  ■* 


fR.  GEORGE  WIGG,  one  of  tho  prominent 
members  of  the  medical  profession  of  the 
city  of  Portland,  on  the  East  Side,  was 
born  in  Clolchester,  England,  March  10,  1841, 
of  English  ancestry,  his  father  a  member  of  the 
Establislied  Church,  and  his  mother  a  Congre- 
gationalist,  or  "  Independent."  His  father,  a 
merchant,  died  at  the  age  of  si.xty-nine,  and  his 


mother  at  seventy  nine;  a  sister  died  of  grief, 
on  the  grave  of  her  motlier  at  tlie  burial. 

The  J-)octor,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch, 
was  educated  in  his  native  city  and  in  medicine 
graduated  at  the  Essex  Institute  of  Ilotiie- 
opafhy,  in  18015.  After  practicing  five  years  in 
England,  became,  in  1808,  to  America,  locating 
in  Clay  Center,  Clay  comity,  Kansas,  wl  ■  he 
had  a  successful  practice  for  seventeer  ars. 
In  188,1  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  i  be- 
gan the  practice  of  his  profession  in  East 
Portland,  soon  acquiring  an  extended  and  valu- 
able run  of  patronage.  He  lias  invested  in  city 
property  and  has  commenced  the  erection  of  a 
fine  residence  in  that  beautiful  jiortion  of  the 
city  called  Irvington. 

While  in  Kansas  he  was  an  active  member  of 
the  State  Homeopathic  Society.  For  four  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  City  Alder- 
men; was  also  Coroner  of  Clay  county  by  elec- 
tion, and  Treasurer  of  ('lay  (Center  three 
years. 

In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  taking  a  lively 
interest  in  public  questions  and  keeps  abreast 
of  the  times  in  everything  that  pertains  to  the 
medical   profession. 

He  is  member  of  the  Oregon  State  Home- 
opathic Medical  Society,  and  was  for  three  years 
its  President.  He  is  Past  Master  of  Clay  Center 
Lodge,  No.  134,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  also  i'ast 
(!hancellor  of  Custer  J..odge,  No.  lit,  Knights  of 
Pythias.  He  was  the  first  Homeopathic  physician 
to  |iractice  his  profession  in  ('lay  county,  Kansas. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Obstetrical 
Society  of  New  York,  also  of  the  American 
Health  Resort  Association  of  Chicago.  For  the 
past  seventeen  years  he  has  been  connected  with 
the  Weather  Rureau  of  the  United  States  (Gov- 
ernment. 

The  Doctor  is  a  genial,  agreeable  man,  liberal 
and  enterprising  in  public  affairs,  is  tiractical, 
experienced  and  thoroughly  informed  in  the 
progressive  science  of  medicine. 


fUDGE  WILLIAM  H.  ADAMS,  a  native 
son  of  the  great  commonwealth  of  Oregon, 
an  eminent  jurist,  and  the  well  known  ex- 
City  Attorney  of  Portland,  was  born  in  Yam 
Hill  county,  March  12,  1851. 

His  father,  William  L.  Adams,  was  born  in 
Oberlin,  Ohio,  February  5,  1821.  His  ances- 
tors were  English,  who  came  to  America  pre- 


UIHTOHr    OF    (HiKOON. 


871 


vious  to  tho  Revolution,  settling  in  MiiriSftchu- 
eetts.  Ml'.  Atlarus  uiarriud  Miss  Frances  Olivia 
Gooilell,  u  native  of  iMaine.  Tliuy  had  ei<;lit 
cliildroii,  soven  of  wliuiii  are  now  living;. 
Hearing  the  fame  of  tlie  Golden  West,  Mr. 
Adams  crossed  the  drcMiry  waste  of  intervening 
plains  to  Oregon,  accompanied  by  his  faithful 
wife  and  two  children.  Tiiey  located  in  Yam 
Hill  county  on  n  donation  claim  of  (i-tO  acres, 
adjoining  the  property  of  Dr.  McHride.  Mr. 
Adams  erected  a  log  cahin  on  his  claim,  pre- 
vious to  which  the  families  of  Dr.  McHrideand  his 
own  resided  together  in  Dr.  McHride's  cahin. 
Ill  1855,  Mr.  Adams  removed  with  his  family 
to  Oregon  City,  where  he  became  the  jjublisher 
of  the  Oregon  Argus,  continuing  in  that  capac- 
ity until  1861.  During  his  newspaj)er  career, 
he  was  a  power  in  the  country,  acquiring  the 
reputation  of  being  the  most  trenchant  writer 
in  the  West.  £lis  poem,  the  "Melodrama  of 
Polities''  by  "Hreakspcare,"  is  still  remembered 
by   the  pioneers  of  tlie  State  as  an  aiile   satire. 

In  18(51,  he  received  the  appointment  of  Col- 
lector of  Customs  for  the  district  of  Oregon 
from  President  Lincoln,  which  office  he  filled 
ill  an  able  manner  for  seven  years,  residing 
meanwhile  in  .\storia.  While  serving  in  that 
capacity,  some  of  the  clerks  in  the  De[)artineiit 
in  Washington  found  fault  with  him  because 
they  did  not  receive  his  reports  sooner,  not 
realizing  that  the  cau.se  of  delay  was  the  slow 
mail  service,  and  not  owing  to  the  tardiness  of 
his  reports,  which  were  made  and  sent  at  the 
proper  time.  Collector  Adams  wrote  them  a 
letter,  telling  them,  in  his  style,  what  ho 
thought  of  them.  His  letter  was  carried  to 
United  States  Treasurer  Spinner,  who  carefully 
read  it,  and  said,  "Answer  it  yonrself;  you  have 
evidently  stirred  up  a  man  in  Oregon,  who  is 
entirely  too  sharp  for  you.'' 

In  1868  he  lost  his  health,  and  resigned  his 
office,  afterward  making  a  trip  to  the  Sand- 
wich islands  aiid  also  to  South  America,  and 
since  his  return  has  resired  from  active  busi- 
ness pursuits,  and  now  resides  on  his  farm. 

His  eldest  daughter,  Inez  E.,  married  W.  W. 
Parker,  a  prominent  pioneer,  and  one  of  the 
builders  of  Astorio.  His  next  eldest  daughter 
Helen,  married  J.  W.  Johnson,  now  J'resident 
ot  the  Oregon  State  University. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  attended  school  in 
Astoria,  afterward  attending  McMiiinville  Col- 
lege and  the  Christian  College  at  Monmouth. 
Later,  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office 


of  the  late  Hon.  M.  I''.  Mulkey,  and  in  Dcccni- 
l)ur,  187+,  was  ailiiiitted  to  the  bar.  lie  begun 
the  practice  of  law  in  PurtJHnd  as  Deputy  (,'ity 
Attorney,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  flie  fol- 
lowing.Inly,  when  he  was  appninted  liy  Mayor 
.1.  .v.  Chapman,  Police  Judge  of  Portland.  He 
served  in  tiiat  position  until  ilai  lary,  1889, 
since  which  time,  he  has  enjoyed  a  reiiiunera- 
tive  practice  in  his  profession.  In  1.8H'2,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Common  Council. 
In  1883  he  was  elected  by  the  Council  Presi- 
dent of  that  body  and  was  iv-elected  in  18S3  to 
the  second  term.  He  was  elected  ('ity  Attor- 
ney in  1887  serving  for  four  years,  until  July, 
18'J1.  In  this  capacity  he  had  the  naiiage- 
meiit  of  several  very  iinj)()rtHnt  cases,  and  the 
city  was  defeated  in  only  one  iinimpoi  taut  case 
during  all  the  time  of  his  incumbcney.  Since 
1884:  he  has  had  a  good  practice  in  the  courts. 
As  emphasizing  bis  faith  in  the  metro])olis,  he 
has  made  a  number  of  investments  in  city  prop- 
erty, which  have  proved  emiiieiitlv  successful. 
He  was  one  of  the  platters  of  the  I'alatine  Hill 
property,  and  lie  owns  a  seventy-seven  acre 
farm,  located  only  eight  miles  from  the  heart 
of  the  populous  metropolis.  His  residence  on 
Portland  Heights,  constructed  from  a  beautiful 
point  of  view  at  large  expense,  is  greatly  ad- 
mired, and  many  landscape  artists  have  taken 
inspiration  from  his  veranda. 

On  October  12,  1875,  he  married  Miss  Olive 
S.  Paget,  a  native  of  Iowa,  a  daughter  of  a  vet- 
eran of  thfi  Civil  war,  who  lost  his  life  in  that 
sanguinary  conflict.  The  family  originates 
from  the  House  of  Paget,  of  Kngland.  Judge 
and  Mrs.  Adams  have  three  sons  and  a  daughter, 
all  born  in  Portland:  Clarence  E.,  Percy  P., 
Ralph  II.,  and  Cecilia  A.  The  two  eldest, 
fifteen  and  sixteen  years  of  age,  are  attending 
the  university  at  Eugene.  They  are  all  intel- 
ligent, Percy  having  stood  highest  in  a  com- 
petitive examination  of  all  the  pupils  of  the 
Portland  public  schools  in  l89t).  They  bid 
fair  to  reflect  credit  on  the  State  of  their  na- 
tivity. 

The  Judge  is  an  active  adherent  of  the  Re- 
publican party,  taking  a  prominent  part  in  all 
cam|)aign  work.  He  spoke  in  various'  parts  of 
the  State  and  ailjoining  country  during  the 
campaign  of  James  A.  Garfield  for  President, 
and  his  pungent  arguments  and  pointed  witti- 
cisms told  much  for  the  party  in  that  campaign, 
lie  has  been  Chairman  of  the  Portland  City  Re- 
publican Central  Committee  several  successive 


a?.' 


iiisTonr  OF  (tiiKdON. 


terms.  A  few  years  since  iin  oriiniiiziitioii  itf 
tlie  "Native  Sons  of  Oregon,"  whs  etfeetcd, 
and  lie  was  UMiininidUsly  electeii  I'resident 
tluM'ei)!',  and  lie  lias  lield  tiiat  otlice  to  tiie  pres- 
ent time. 

In  relifii^iiis  matters  tlio  Jndj^e  is  a  worlliy 
iiienilter  of  tlie  Ciiristian  denomliuttion.  He 
lias  also  inlierited  no  small  decree  of  literary 
talent,  and  altlioni^li  not  devotin;(  himself  to 
literary  jmrsuits  lie  lias  a('(|nire(l  no  mean  rep- 
ntatioii  as  a  ready  and  instnietive  writer  on  the 
political  questions  of  the  day. 

It  is  tliioiigh  the  inthience  of  such  repre- 
sentative men  that  ()rei;oii  takes  the  proud 
Htand  anion^  the  ijlorioiis  sisteihood  of  States 
that  siiu  (Iocs;  aiid  among  her  thrilling  annals 
no  greater  name  is  found  than  that  of  Judjre 
William  II.  Adams. 


»i()N()llAl![,E  DONALD  Mac  KAY,  a 

well-known  piililie  man  and  citizen  of  the 
*;f]>^  metropolis  of  OrCffon,  was  horn  in  (/'anada 
in  1841.  Ills  father.  Angus  .Mae Kay,  was  horn 
in  Scotland,  coining  to  Canada  in  1831,  where 
h(!  married  Miss  Margaret  MacKay,  also  a  na- 
tive of  Scotland.  They  had  children,  eight  of 
whom  are  now  living.  The  siihjeet  of  our 
sketch  was  their  fourth  child. 

He  was  reared  oij  his  father's  farm,  and  at- 
tended the  jniblic  schools  of  his  native  town. 
When  grown,  he  learned  the  plasterers'  trade, 
at  which  he  worked  in  Canada  until  1805.  He 
then  came  to  Oregon,  via  San  Francisco,  wliere 
he  spent  si.\  months,  then  coming  to  Portland, 
where  lie  worketl  as  a  journeyman  for  a  couple 
of  years.  He  then  engaged  in  contracting  and 
building,  and  for  a  number  of  years  he  did 
most  of  the  plastering  in  the  town.  At  this 
time,  he  became  connected  with  the  Northern 
Pacilic  Lumber  Company,  of  which  he  was 
president  for  a  couple  of  years.  The  business 
was  then  re-organized,  at  which  time  he  took 
an  interest  in  it.  and  was  elected  its  president 
and  treasurer.  They  are  now  doing  a  large 
wholesale  and  retail  lumber  business,  being 
probably  the  most  successful  company  of  the 
kind  in  Portland. 

He  was  married  in  1871  to  Miss  Jane  Mc- 
Coy, a  native  of  (.'aiiada,  an  educated  and  ac- 
complished lady,  possessing  many  charms  of 
person  and  character.     They  have  two  children, 


both  born  in  I'ortland,  Walter  iV  and  P^diia, 
both  bright  and  intelligent  and  promising  to 
rellect  credit  on  their  parents  and  birthjilace. 

Mr.  McKay  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
ALisoiiic  fraternity,  a  Knight  Teinjdar,  and  has 
received  the  Scottish  rite,  82il  degree.  Politi- 
cally, he  is  an  active  liepublican,  and  has  fre- 
quently been  lionored  with  the  highest  otti(Mal 
positions  of  the  State,  that  were  in  the  power  of 
ills  party  to  bestow,  the  demands  of  which  have 
always  iieeii  met  with  promptnes  aiul  ability. 
He  tirst  became  a  member  of  the  Common 
Council,  in  which  capacity  he  was  remarkable 
for  intelligence  and  integrity.  Appreciating 
these  (|ualities,  his  constituents  elected  him  to 
re])resent  Multnomah  county  in  the  State  Leg- 
islature, in  1885.  and  while  there  served  on  the 
committees  of  railroads  and  traii»|)ortati()ns  so 
satisfactorily  that  in  IS88  he  was  electe<i  to  the 
State  Senate,  where  he  is  now  sej'ving  a  four 
years'  term.  He  was  last  year  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Railroads  and  Transportation,  and 
also  a  member  of  the  C^ommittee  on  Commerce. 

Senator  MacKay 's  continual  advancement  in 
business  and  statesmanship,  stani])  him  as  a 
man  of  more  than  ordinary  powers;  as  possessed 
of  good  judgment,  a  comprehensive  mind,  com- 
bined with  industry,  energy  and  unfailing  in- 
tegrity, which  qualities  have  secured  the  con- 
fidence of  his  constituents  and  contributed  to 
his  phenomenal  success.  No  State  in  the 
Pnion  offers  greater  opportunities  for  merit 
and  ability  to  assume  inagniticent  proportions 
in,  untrammeled  by  the  restricting  influences 
of  an  older  civilization,  than  does  Oregon,  who 
appreciates,  as  if  by  intuition,  all  that  is  good 
and  great,  and  delights  to  honor  and  blesB  her 
children. 


LEXANUER  ELIJAH  BORTHWICK, 
one  of  Portland's  enterpri'^ing  business 
men,  is  a  native  of  New  York,  born  in 
Schoharie  county,  February  22,  1845.  His 
fathe'-,  William  Ilorthwiek  was  also  of  New 
York,  born  September  20,  1809,  and  his  grand- 
father, James  Borthwick,  \fas  born  in  Scotland, 
came  to  America  about  1773,  and  settled  near 
Albany,  New  York,  and  during  the  Revolution 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Sehoharie  County  Contin- 
gent Company,  His  son,  George,  father  of 
William,  was  born  in  Scotland  also,  and  was  only 
five  years  of  age  when  his  father  brought  him 


msTORT    OF   OREGON. 


WA 


to  America.  Ilo  was  a  fariiKM-  ami  u  Captain 
ill  till'  Nt'w  York  militia,  liciiij;  coiiiiiiIsskpiii'iI 
l)j'  the  (Tovcrnor  of  New  Vorl<  in  1X0(5.  His 
uoii  was  oiir  KulyectV  father.  They  were  ail 
tall  men.  Mr.  William  ISorlliwick  niarried 
Maria  I'lirthiioll,  a  native  of  iN'ew  York,  of  Con- 
neetiiMit  ancestry,  who  resided  near  llaitlord. 
She  was  a  daughter  of  Joshua  K.  I'liBhnell,  and 
granddaughter  of  John  Ilandley  nnshnell,  of 
Winthrop,  (\>nnectieut.  They  were  fanners, 
and  all  the  ancestors  on  hoth  sides  ho  tar  as 
known  were  Presbyterians.  They  had  tivo  chil- 
dren, all  living. 

Ale.xander  was  ne.xt  to  the  youngest  in  the 
family  and  attended  school  until  he  was  fift('(!n 
at  the  piihlii^  district  schools.  IJc  was  then 
sent  to  the  West  Dnrliain  Academy,  to  the 
Charlotteville  Methodist  Episcopal  Conference 
Seminary,  and  to  the  Fort  Edward  Collegiate 
Iiiiititiite.  lie  also  went  to  the  Eastman  Na- 
tional business  College  at  l'onglikee])8ie.  New 
Y'ork. 

He  enlisted  November  16,  1861,  in  (Company 
B,  First  United  Slates  Lancers,  which  was  con- 
solidated with  the  Fourth  New  York  llea\-y 
Artillery,  lie  served  until  August  20,  1H62, 
when  he  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability 
caused  by  sunstroke  and  typhoid  lever.  On 
October,  1863,  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  C, 
Second  New  York  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry. 
He  wab  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1804,  when  he  was  sent  to  New  Orleans, 
where  he  served  in  the  lied  River  Campaiu:n  in 
18(54,  and  in  the  e.xpedition  to  Mobile,  in  the 
spring  of  1865. 

After  the  surrender  he  was  stationed  at  Tal- 
ladega, north  Alabama,  building  railroads,  sup- 
plying refugees,  and  protecting  the  country 
until  he  was  discharged,  November  27,  1865. 
lie  served  all  the  time  as  a  private  or  iioncom- 
missioned  officer  and  was  twice  wounded,  first 
at  the  battle  of  Marksville,  Louisiana,  May  16, 
1864-,  by  a  sheli  wound  in  the  right  hand,  from 
which  he  was  in  the  hospital  for  two  months. 
His  second  wound  was  received  at  McCloiid's 
Mills,  Mississippi,  by  a  bullet  in  the  left  knee, 
while  on  an  expedition  from  Haton  Rouge, 
Louisiana,  to  Mobile,  Alabama,  in  November 
and  December,  1864,  under  General  Davidson. 

After  ho  was  mustered  out  he  went  to  school 
a  year,  and  then  went  to  Chicago,  St.  Louis 
and  St.  Joseph,  Missouri.  He  taught  school  a 
term  and  then  in  the  spring  of  1868  crossed 
the  plains  from   Leavenworth,  Kansas,   with  a 


mule  train  to  Cheyenne  City,  Wyoming,  thence 
to  Laramie,  and  was  engaged  by  a  coiit  raetor 
to  assist  in  biiildini;  the  Knion  I'acilic  rail  road 
until  July.  He  then  came  on  to  (ireeii  river 
and  took  up  a  ranch  and  made  hay,  sidling  it  to 
the  railway  contractors  and  hotel- keepers.  In 
the  winter  he  engaged  in  freighting  to  Salt 
Lake  (Jity,  and  continued  in  the  businoss  until 
February,  18(59.  He  then  contracted  to  deliver 
ties  to  the  Central  PaciKc  railroad  at  Keltoii, 
from  Clear  creek,  a  branch  of  Ratt  river,  Maho. 
Heoontinuecl  in  this  until  the  roa<l  wascompleted. 
He  thi'ii  cani(<  to  Nevada,  and  was  engaged  in 
developing  a  copjier  mine  for  an  English  com- 
pany. He  snbsccjuently  proceeded  on  a  pros- 
Secting  tour  with  one  other,  from  Winnemucea, 
levada,  by  the  way  of  Camp  McDermott,  (Jamp 
C.  F.  Si.iitb,  to  eastern  Oreifon,  and  then  by 
way  of  ('am))  Harney,  Canyon  City,  and  the 
Dalles  to  PortlaiKl,  arriving  December  3,  18(59. 
He  taught  school  a  term  in  the  county  and 
then  was  assistant  engineer  in  the  construction 
of  the  Oregon  &  California  railroad,  with  C. 
W.  Hiirrage,  civil  engineer,  from  the  end  of 
the  track  twenty  miles  ('011111  of  Portland,  to 
Albany,  in  Linn  county.  Later  he  was  on  the 
survey  fr'->m  Forest  Grove,  to  Astoria,  and  on 
the  Ni  .  lerii  Pacific  railroad  with  the  Kidder 
party  as  topographer  from  Kalama  northward. 
He  left  the  railroad  service  in  March,  1871, 
and  came  to  i'ortlanil,  and  received  the  appoint* 
ment  of  Deputy  County  Clerk  in  April, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  until  .Inly,  1874. 
He  was  then  made  Assistant  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  Oregon  Legislature 
for  that  year.  He  then  went  to  AValla  Walla, 
Washington,  and  engaged  in  merchandising. 
In  the  summer  of  1875,  he  sold  out  and  en- 
gaged in  mining  at  Barker  City.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  mining  operations  until  May,  1876, 
when  he  returned  to- Portland,  and  resumed  his 
employment  in  the  County  Clerk's  ofHce.  Here 
he  remained,  under  the  different  clerks  until 
1880,  wl;en  he  was  elected  County  ('lerk.  After 
serving  his  term  lie  engaged  in  real  estate  and 
in  the  sale  of  builders'  supplies  until  1837, 
when  he  sold  the  latter  branch  of  his  busiuess 
and  conlined  himself  exclusively  to  the  pur- 
chase and  sale  of  real  estate.  In  July,  1889, 
the  firm  of  Borthwick,  iiatty  &  Co.,  was  formed 
and  incorporated  with  $60,000  capital.  They 
have  platted  and  established  several  town  sites 
and  post  office  additions  to  the  city  of  Portland. 
Mr.  Borthwick  has  invested  his  surplus  funds 


371 


iirsrour  oF'  ohkoos. 


ill  eoiiiity  1111(1  city  nmi  estutc,  hihI  Ims  butMi  VL'ry 
bii(!Ci'>si'iii  with  liiti  purcliuHUH.  IIi<  imilt  in 
1M88,  a  two-story  Htori),  wliicli  fost  iipwnnl  of 
!flO.(M)0.  |{t■Hilie^*  tiiin  lit-  Iuin  Itiiilt  iriHiiy  runi- 
ilciu't's  iiiui  storuH  ill  tilt'  Hiiliiirlis. 

lit!    WIIW  llllll'rilMl,  AllfJIIHt    l.'J.     IH71,    to    Miss 

Alien  ('use,  of  Miirion  coiiiity,  Orej^oii.  Tlu'v 
imve  Olio  soil,  Williiitii  hiiwrmict!,  iiorii  in  I'ort- 
iand,  July  ii,  1^81.  Mr.  lioitiiwiciv  is  a  iiilmii- 
lior  of  tlie  I.  {).  ().  K.,  and  is  it  charter  iiiuin- 
iier  of  (icoi-fjc  Writtlit  I'ost,  No.  1,  (t.  A.  K. 
He  has  tilh'il  ni'iiriy  every  one  of  tiio  otHces  in 
the  I'ost,  and  was  Department  ("oiiiiiiander  in 
1SS8.  lie  is  a  ineinher  of  the  Oregon  and 
Washinj^'toii  Society  of  Sons  of  tlii<  .\iiiericaii 
Uevolntion.  IIo  is  an  ardent  UepiiMican.  and 
lias  lieen  a  nioinber  of  tiio  First  I'reshvferiaii 
Clinreii  since  1885.  lie  is  a  hnsiness  man  of 
ability,  and  is  higiily  respected  iiy  his  host  of 
friends. 

- -^-^^^ 

fR.  OSM.VN  ROYAL,  prominent  among 
tile  medical  proft^ssioii  of  Portland  stands 
the  gentleman  wlio.se  name  lieails  this 
sketch.  He  was  liorii  near  Hloomington,  Illi- 
nois, on  January  3.  185().  His  tatlier,  U.  W. 
Iloyjil.  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  horn  in  18:i8. 
They  are  of  Knglisli  anc.-try.  The  Rev.  Will- 
iam Royal,  the  father  of  (!.  \V.  Royal,  emi- 
grated from  Kngland  and  settled  in  Virginia." 
Later  he  removed  to  Ohio  and  then  to  Illinois, 
and  was  there  (hiring  the  Black  Hawk  war.  In 
1858  he  with  his  family  crossed  the  jilains  to 
Oregon.  The  company  with  wliicli  he  started 
did  not  think  of  staying  in  camp  on  iSunday, 
and  when  he  aniionnced  his  intentions  of  not 
traveling  on  that  day  he  was  laughed  at,  and 
told  that  when  he  got  in  the  Indian  country  he 
would  get  over  that,  however,  he  remained  true 
to  his  God  and  to  his  convictions  of  right  and 
wronj;.  and  rested  himself  and  teams  on  the 
Lord's  day.  and  usually  on  the  following  Tues- 
day he  would  again  overtake  his  LOmpany.  When 
they  arrived  in  the  country,  whore  there  was 
danger  from  the  Indians,  he  was  besought  not  to 
be  80  rookless  as  to  stay  behind,  bitt  he  headed 
them  no  r'  At  places  there  were  notices  of  "  Look 
out  for  till-'  Indians!"  They  also  saw  many  traces 
of  these  innrderons  savages,  but  nothing  dannted 
this  man  persevered  in  liis  resolve  not  to  travel 
on  Sunday,  and  the  result  proved  the  correctness 
of  liisconr8e,asheiirrivi!  1  lirst  in  Oreg.ni,  with  liis 


teams  in  a  Inttter  condition  tliiiii  the  others.  In 
Oregon  he  was  a  faithful  Methodist  minister, 
doing  iniich  itinerant  and  pioneer  work,  and 
was  the  founder  of  the  Cenenary  Methodist 
Church  of  Kast  I'ortland.  Two  of  his  sons  be- 
came jiri^acliers  of  the  goepcd,  Rev.  T.  V.  and 
Rev.  .1.  II.  It.  Royal.  At  an  anniveisiiry  meet- 
ing litild  at  tlui  house  of  grandfather  Royal. 
f(M'lv  of  his  posterity  were  (iroseiit,  every  oiniof 
wiioin  were  Methodists,  which  illustrated  (|iiito 
fully  the  value  of  the  faithful  goodly  life  of  the 
iiiiiii  who.  by  his  faithful  life,  won  the  contideiice 
of  all  who  knew  hi'ii. 

Dr.  Royal's  father  was  a  wholesale!  har(|ware 
merchant  in  Illinois,  but  removed  to  Oregon  in 
18(15  and  settled  at  Salem,  and  was  active  in  tlm 
ortice  of  that  city  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
that  l!ity  Odiincil.  He  married  .Miss  Rachel  K. 
P.  .Misiier,  of  Illinois,  and  they  had  tive  chil- 
dren, of  whom  two  are  still  living.  The  Doctor 
was  nine  years  of  age  when  he  arrived  in  Ore- 
gon, and  he  was  educated  at  the  Willamette 
University,  and  then  took  a  three  years'  course 
in  the  Ohio  Wesiyan  University,  at  Delaware, 
Ohio.  He  took  his  medical  course  in  the  ine(li- 
cal  department  of  the  Hostoii  University.  He 
was  there  four  years,  the  last  of  the  four  in 
hospital  work.  He  was  then  one  year  acting 
resident  physician  and  one  year  resident  sur- 
geon at  the  (/'oiicord  street  dispensary,  also  a 
half  year  acting  re.iident  physician  at  (trove 
Hill  hospital,  known  as  the  consumptive's  home. 
From  there  became  to  I'ortland  and  began  his 
practice  in  this  city.  He  gives  close  attention 
to  his  clujseii  profession  and  is  meeting  with 
marked  success.  He  is  a  inoinber  of  the  Oregon 
Homeopathic  Society  and  also  the  Mnltnomah 
County  Society.  He  is  president  of  the  latter 
society  and  is  also  a  member  of  th(!  American 
Institute  of  Homeopathy. 

The  Doctor  has  a  valuable  tract  of  land,  where 
lie  is  building  cottages,  and  is  forwarding  a 
sanitarium  on  Mount  Tabor.  From  this  point 
the  scenery  is  superb,  as  it  overlooks  the  city  of 
I'ortland,  takes  in  a  beautiful  view  of  all  the 
scenery  with  the  mountains  in  a  distance.  Tiie 
Doctor  designs  it  particularly  for  those  atHicted 
with  nervous  diseases.  He  has  all  the  facilities 
for  treating  such  diseases. 

He  was  married  in  1889  to  Miss  Julia  Morgan, 
a  native  of  Ilion,  New  York.  They  have  a  son, 
born  in  Portland.  The  Doctor's  political  views 
are  Republican.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Meth- 


uisrouY  OF  uimiits. 


:i7f) 


odiwt  ('liiircli,  itiul  i'*  ft  f^untluttmii  in  ovory  way 
worthy  of  thf  CHfetMii  t!mt  lii!  t'lijoyis. 


-^-.. 


^^X^.'\ 


fVUI'S  mrCKMAN.  II  i.roiniiiciit  lioi-ti- 
ciiltiiriHt  oF  I'oi'tlaiiil,  WHM  born  in  AIIIhoii, 
Stark  roiiiity,  Oliio,  Anf;;iist  II.  1S34,  ii 
Hon  of  A.  II.  ISiickiniin,  wlio  wittt  Ixirii  in  I'lmiii- 
dylviiniii.  in  1^10,  of  tiniiker  ori;;in.  \\\* 
iinc'o.-'try  cettl(Ml  in  I'l'iinsyivunia  from  l!)n);l(uicl. 
coniinj^  witli  tiie  Mecoiid  emigration  to  tinit 
«)lony.  Mr.  A.  II.  iiiickman  inarrit'd  Mi».s 
Lydia  llolluway,  a  tiative  of  Oliio,  and  iiad  niir^ 
irhildrt'M,  fii^iit  of  whom  are  living. 

Mr.  Mncknian,  of  this  Kki^t(di,  the  eldent  son, 
was  thri'o  years  (dd  wdien  liio  niireiits  and  family 
moved  to  Marslinil  connty,  liidiaini,  wiiere  he 
wart  lironi^lit  np.  Ilia  first  hnsiness  enterprises 
on  his  own  aeeoiint  was  in  1S57,  when  lu^  huilt 
a  wareiioiise  at  Ktna  (Ireen,  on  the  I'ittslnir^, 
Fort  Wayne  and  (Ihiea<ro  railroad,  leased  it  for 
a  time,  and  then  sold  out  and  continued  to  work 
for  his  father  until  he  was  thirty  two  years  of 
H}^e.  Previous  to  this  he  piirehased  ItiO  acres 
of  lainl,  but  rented  it  to  a  tenant  for  three  years. 
In  18(i7,  after  marrinf^o,  he  eamn  to  Oregon, 
arrivinji;  at  Kast  Portland  April  1,  1807.  and 
purchased  the  property  on  which  he  has  since 
resided,  ensujied  in  the  culture  of  strawberries, 
raspberries,  blackljcrries.  etc..  and  an  orchard  of 
various  other  fruits.  When  he  first  houi'lit  that 
property  it  was  -'away  out  in  the  country,"  but 
the  city  has  grown  out  to  him,  and  his  property 
has  become  very  valuable.  The  business  in 
which  Mr.  Huckman  is  engaged,  has,  by  his 
sagacity  and  industr}',  became  a  success.  His 
first  dwelling  has  been  replaced  by  a  larger  and 
finer  one,  where  he  now  resides. 

Seeing  the  importance  of  a  bridge  connecting 
the  two  parts  of  the  city,  he  became  a  stock- 
holder ill  the  enterprise,  and  thus  aidetl  in  build 
ing  the  Morrison  street  bridge,  the  first  across 
the  Willamette,  and  it  has  proved  of  great  value 
to  the  city.  lie  is  also  a  stockholder  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Citizens'  Bank  of  Portland. 
During  his  residence  here  he  has  taken  an  active 
interest  in  the  educational  affairs  of  the  city, 
and  was  for  years  one  of  the  School  Directors. 
Recently  he  has  been  appointed  by  the  State 
Legislature  one  of  the  Commissioners  on  River 
Navigation  Improvements.  This  commission 
is  one  of  grc:it  importance  to  the  city,  and  the 
men  composing  it  have  been  selected  l>ecaiisoof 


their  integrity,  ability  ami  enterprise,  .\mong  » 
the  farmers  of  his  section  Mr.  Itiickman  is 
prominent  and  popular.  He  was  oiit^  of  the 
organizers  of  the  (irange;  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  it,  and  has  been  elected  Master  of  the 
same  a  number  of  times,  which  position  he  now 
holds.  He  is  un  energetic  business  man,  and 
lilieral  both  in  religion  and  politics. 

.'I'ovember  Vi,  1M(!(!.  at  Tippecanoe,  Marshall 
col  iity,  Indiana,  he  was  married  to  .Miss  .lane 
(Jiiskill.  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  the  daughter  of 
neijitmin  anil  Kli/al)rth  (tiiskill,  and  their  chil- 
dn  II.  all  born  in  Portland,  are  Wilidii,  Anson 
II.,  Klina  and  Clyde  C. 

fATIIANIP-L  K.  WKST.  prominent  among 
the  men,  who  have  liiikiwl  their  interests 
with,  and  made  valuable  improvements  in 
the  city  of  East  Portland,  was  born  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  November  '.iS,  1820.  His  father, 
William  West,  was  born  in  17!i5,  in  Connecticut, 
and  married  Miss  Mary  Smith,  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, and  tiiey  had  eight  children,  of  whom  five 
are  still  living.  Tht!  first  ancestor  of  the  family 
in  America,  the  great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  Thomas  West,  an  Knglish.cme  of  King 
(rtforgo's  soldiers,  who  was  brought  to  .Vmerica  to 
enforce  the  Stamp  .\ct  and  whip  the  colonies  into 
subjection,  .\fter  his  arrival  in  this  countrv  his 
love  of  freedom  caused  him  to  desert  the  service 
of  tile  king  and  lend  his  aid  to  tlieyo'ing  cause 
of  independence,  by  drilling  recruits  for  the 
colonial  army.  lie  died  in  Mroome  county. 
New  York,  in  1828.  On  the  maternal  side  the 
ancestry  were  also  English  and  very  early  set- 
tlers of  Vermont. 

Mr.  West,  of  this  sketch,  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm.  When  he  became  a  man  he  re- 
moved to  the  then  Territory  of  Wisconsin  and 
settled  on  (lovernment  land,  built  upon  it.  im- 
proved it  and  followed  farming  thereon  for 
fifteen  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  moved  to 
Mondovi,  Buffalo  county,  becoming  the  pioneer 
merchant  in  that  place.  He  aided  in  building 
up  the  town  and  did  business  there  also  for  fif- 
teen years.  Selling  out,  he  came,  in  1875,  to 
Oregon.  After  following  business  here  for  a 
year  lie  saw  the  prospects  for  growth  and  busi- 
ness prosperity  on  the  East  Side,  and  he  accord- 
ingly crossed  the  river,  in  I87f),  and  purchased 
the  store  at  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  L  streets, 
where  the  First  National  Bank  now  stands.  After 


;i7(i 


niSTom-    OF    UliEGON. 


Uive  years  of  successful  tinsiness  there  ho  pur- 
clmseii  nil  adiiitioiml  lot  and  added  to  his  store 
liiiilding.  eructiii<r  a  brii-k  hiiildiiig,  at  a  cost  of 
85,000.  Five  years  later  he  sold  this  property 
for  ^30,000!  lie  tiiialiy  moved  to  the  corner  of 
Fifth  and  M  streets,  purchasing  a  i)lock,  and 
covering  it  with  valuahle  two  and  three-story 
brick  l)iiiidings,  80x100  feet.  One  he  has 
finished  for  himself  as  a  store,  making  it  one  of 
the  best  tinished  on  the  East  Side,  where  he  and 
his  sons  are  <loiiig  business.  His  principal 
business  is  to  supervise.  His  sons  are  capable 
business  men.  For  over  tilirty  years  has  Mr. 
West  been  an  active,  snccessfid  merchant,  and 
diirinir  this  time  he  has  been  raisinir  aiul  train- 
ing  several  sons,  who  are  now  following  in  his 
footsteps.  T.  B.  West  owns  the  southwest 
fourth  of  the  block,  with  five  stores  and  a  hank, 
all  two  and  three  story,  and  lie  runs  the  most 
complete  .dothing  and  gents'  furnishing  goods 
entablishment  on  the  East  Side.  N.  Iv.  West, 
ir.,  now  owns  and  rnus  the  dry-goods,  and  ladies' 
and  gents'  furnishinir  stores,  and  T.  S.  West 
owns  anil  manages  the  l)oot  and  shoe  store. 

Mr.  West  has  taken  an  interest  in  East  Port- 
land and  aided  all  the  pnbli-',  enterprises,  which 
are  calculated  to  a-'vance  the  town.  He  has 
been  a  memt)er  and  President  of  the  Council. 
In  his  political  views  he  is  a  liepiiblican.  Of 
courses  he  is  widely  acquainted,  and  has  made 
many  friends.  He  is  esteemed  a  worthy  citizen 
and  an  etticient  buildei-  of  the  city  of  East  Port- 
land. 

lie  was  married,  in  1852,  to  Miss  M.  E. 
Jones,  ii  luvtive  of  New  York,  ami  they  have  had 
seven  children,  of  whom  four  are  living.  The 
three  eldest  sons;  T.  P>..  N.  K.,  dr.,  and  T.  S., 
as  already  stated,  are  in  business  in  Portland; 
and  O.  W.,  the  youngest  son,  is  at  home. 


fOSEPlI  WOOD  HILL.  B.  A.,  M.  I)., 
Principal  of  the  Bishop  Scott  Academy, 
Portland,  is  a  native  of  Westport,  (Jonuect- 
icnt,  of  whi;'h  State  his  parents.  Joseph  and 
Anna  R.  (Wood)  Hill,  were  also  natives;  and 
they  were  of  English  ancestry.  Their  children, 
two  in  number,  were  a  daughter  besidej  the 
8ul)ject  of  this  sketch.  The  father  died  in  18)54, 
and  the  mother  is  still  living,  making  her 
home  n'-w  with  Dr.  Hill.  The  daughter  is  the 
wife  of  iTCorge  T.  Brooke  and  resides  at 
Sprague,  Washington. 


Dr.  Hill,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  was 
prepared  for  college  at  the  Selleck  School,  Nor- 
walk,  Connecticut,  and  ho  ended  his  school  days 
at  Yale  Colletre,  gradnatinif  in  1878.  In  Auoust 
following  he  canni  to  Oref,'on,  ajid  in  1881  took 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  at  the  Willamette  Univers- 
ity. He  came  to  this  State  to  take  charge  of 
the  academy,  of  which  he  is  now  the  principal. 

This  scliool  was  founded  in  1870  ami  named 
the  Bishop  Scott  Grammar  School.  In  1877 
the  original  building  was  destroyed  by  tire, 
and  only  a  small  amount  of  its  furniture  and  li- 
brary was  saved.  The  school,  however,  was 
continued,  in  temporary  buildings.  During 
the  summer  vacation  tiie  present  large  scdiool 
building,  specially  arranged  for  school  pur- 
poses, was  erected  and  made  rea<ly  for  occu- 
pancy by  the  fall  term,  in  September,  1878, 
at  the  opening  of  the  Christmas  term.  In 
1887  the  school  building  was  much  enlarged, 
the  armory  was  built,  military  discipline  intro- 
duced, and  the  name  of  the  institution  was 
changed  by  dropping  the  word  "  grammar " 
and  adopting  the  word  •'  academy."  The  course 
of  study  was  carefully  graded,  the  whole  scliool 
reorganized,  and  it  entered  upon  a  new  era  of 
prosperity  and  usefulness.  During  1888-"S!J 
much  money  was  expended  in  j)ermaiieiit  im- 
provements on  the  school  property.  Thus  has 
it  continued,  year  after  year  ever  siire  its  foun- 
dation, steadily  to  improve  and  grow  in  import- 
ance and  in  the  esteem  and  confidence  of  the 
peo[ile  of  the  Northwest.  It  has  received  the 
liberal  patronage  of  many  of  the  best  people 
of  the  country,  and  many  of  its  oupils  are 
prominent  in  business  and  the  professions 
throughout  the  Northwest.  The  l)uildings  oc- 
cupy high  ground  on  the  west  side  of  the  city, 
a  beautiful  and  desirable  locality.  The  campus 
comprises  thirty-eight  city  lots,  affording  an 
abundance  of  room  for  all  practical  purposes, — 
drill  and  exercises.  The  aim  of  the  school  is  to 
give  a  thorough  education  in  the  full  meaning 
of  the  term,  surrounding  the  pupils  meanwhile 
with  the  retining  intliiences  of  a  quiet  Christian 
lumie  anil  everything  that  will  conduce  to  their 
comfort  and  health.  The  course  of  study  is 
such  as  to  lit  the  pupil  to  enter  any  college  or 
university,  ami  those  who  do  not  tit  for  college 
are  given  a  thorough  English  educiitioii,  such  as 
will  eminently  fit  them  for  active  business.  A'" 
superior  commercial  department  is  included, 
also  shorthand  and  typewriting.  The  military 
department  is  iinder  the  auspices  of  the  United 


:S 


JlIsrOR)'    OF    OJiKdON. 


States  (iovertmieiit.  In  all  ik'})ai-tiiiuMts  an  ex- 
cellent system  of  (lisi-ipiiiie  is   niaintaiiKHl. 

Di'.  Hill  has  been  signally  siu'ctjssfnl  in  the 
coiKluct  and  management  of  the  academy,  de- 
servinn;  great  credit  for  the  high  order  ot  the 
school  at  the  head  of  which  he  stands.  Jlore 
than  1,000  of  the  children  of  the  best  people  of 
the  country  have  been  under  his  care,  and  the 
very  best  results  have  been  attained. 

In  1878  Dr.  Hill  was  married  to  Miss  Jessie 
K.  Adams,  a  native  of  his  own  town  and  a 
dauj^hter  of  George  S.  Adams.  They  have  had 
three  children,  all  born  in  Portland:  Joseph 
Adams,  Benjamin  Wood  and  (ieorge  W.  The 
last  mentioned  died  in  his  sixth  year. 

In  his  )iolitieal  principles  Dr.  Hill  is  an  in- 
dependent, and  in  h'"s  social  relations  he  is  a 
Knight  Templar  Mason.  He  is  a  pleasant,  go- 
nial insm,  possessing  firm  executive  ability,  and 
manages  his  large  school  in  a  most  capable  add 
successful  manner. 


-*< 


#|«®{:l^;? 


:TJ4>' 


IPROFESSOU  EUGKNE  STE-BINGER,  a 
a^f  talented  organist,  pianist  and  vocalist,  and 
*^i'  a  well-known  teacher  of  vocal  and  instru- 
mental music  in  Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
Biulen,  Germany,  in  1852.  His  ancestry  fori.' 
one  continuous  line  of  musicians  .;nd  teachers, 
with  the  exception  of  his  father,  who  was  pro- 
prietor and  keeper  of  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
completely  appointed  hotels  in  ilesskirch,  Ba- 
den, of  which  city  he  was  also  the  efficient  Post- 
maRt(M'. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  in  his 
naHvo  country,  when,  upon  the  completion  of 
his  studies,  he  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
in  1871.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  went  to  Cin- 
cinnati, where  he  taught  a  German  school  for  a 
year.  He  then  removed  to  Sioux  City.  Iowa, 
where  he  taught  a  German  school,  and  instru- 
mental a?id  vocal  music. 

In  ISTO  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and 
for  the  first  three  years  taught  a  German 
school,  when  he  became  Professor  of  Music  in 
Bishop  Scott  Academy,  which  position  he  held 
for  ten  years.  He  was  organist  in  the  Jewish 
Synagogue  and  also  in  the  rnitarian  Church, 
besides  being  the  etttciout  leailer  of  the  Arion 
Society  of  Portland  and  of  tl'.e  Swiss  iSIreiiner- 
clior.  But  he  has  recently  discontinued  teach- 
ing and  purchased  the  Merchant  Hotel,  one  of 
the  finest  lionses  of  its  kind  in  the  city,   where 


his  brofher,  Joseph,  also  a  talented  inusiciaTi 
and  violinist,  carries  on  his  large  practice  in  in- 
strumental music. 

He  was  married  in  18S1.  to  Miss  .Mai'y  Ilotf- 
man.  a  highly  esteemed  society  lady  of  Port- 
land, and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  F.  A.  Ilott'inau.  who 
is  a  ])rominent  pioneer  of  the  metro|)olis  and  a 
large  owner  of  city  and  rural  property.  They 
have  four  sons.  Hilar,  Frank.  Eugene  and 
Charles,  all  born  in  Portland,  and  who  bid  fair, 
under  the  able  management  of  their  cultured 
parents,  to  become  a  credit  to  their  native  city. 

In  politics,  the  Professor  is  a  Ro])nbliean, 
and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his 
State  and  country. 

Professor  Stebinger  owns  a  largo  tract  of 
suburban  property;  also  a  block  in  a  desirable 
location  in  the  city,  on  which  he  has  erected 
twelve  large  and  substantial  residences,  includ- 
ing Ids  own  beautiful  home.  The  property  is 
on  a  slight  elevation  and  commands  a  sweeping 
view  of  Portland,  and  also  of  the  surrounding 
country,  which  in  suminer  is  a  continuous  car- 
pet of  green,  the  whole  view  bounded  by  snow- 
capped mountains  in  the  distance  and  forming 
an  entrancing  and  sublime  spectacle,  one 
strongly  impressed  on  the  mind,  and  often  re- 
verted to  with  pleasure. 


^^yy^/iTy 


'?/i/7/'l^^ 


STTO  S  C  II  U  M  A  N  N  is  a  successful  and 
mi  capable  marble  and  monument  dealer  of 
^i^  Portland.  He  is  a  native  of  Germany, 
born  November  22,  1855.  His  parents  were 
(Tcrmans  and  had  been  engaged  for  several  gen- 
erations in  the  same  business,  and  he  learned 
the  trade  of  stonecutter  with  his  father  in  Ger- 
many. He  served  two  years  in  the  Cierman 
army,  but  at  the  end  of  that  time  he  was  ex- 
empt on  account  of  good  conduct  and  attention 
to  <luty.  He  then  came  to  the  United  States  to 
make  a  fortune,  as  so  many  of  his  fellow  coun- 
trymen had  done  and  will  do  to  the  end  of  time. 
He  went  through  the  customary  formalities  to 
make  himself  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
none  of  her  sons  are  more  devoted  to  her  inter- 
ests aiul  advancement  than  this  gentleman,  who 
has  80  thoroughly  identified  himself  with  her 
interests  in  every  way  that  one  would  never  im- 
agine that  he  was  of  foreign  birth.  He  is  an  ur- 
<lent  Re|)ublicau,  and  he  is  a  good  representative 
of  the  many  good,  capable  and  industri'  us  citizens 
thai  Germany  lias  furnished  the  United  States. 


In, 


Hi:- 


ns 


UISTOHY    OF    OREOON. 


After  arriving  in  this  coiintrv.  in  1882,  lie 
worked  at  liis  trade  in  Ciiicaixo  until  October  17. 
1883,  when  he  eanie  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and 
worked  for  nearly  a  year  at  the  niarhle  lioui^e  of 
Mr.  William  Yoiinjjf,  the  jironiinent  marble 
dealer  of  the  city.  In  September,  1884.  he 
opened  his  own  .ihop  in  the  same  block  in  which 
he  i.-(  still  located.  331  l''irst  street,  near  Market, 
where  lie  beij;an.  He  hail  many  liattles  with 
eircnmstances,  as  lie  had  but  little  moiiey,  but  he 
had  the  more  valuable  qu-ilities  for  success,  he 
was  a  thorouifli  and  skilled  workman,  and  he 
was  industrious  and  strictly  hoiuirablo  in  his 
business,  i^ucli  (jualities  as  these  are  bound  to 
succeed  and  his  business  has  been  successful 
from  the  start,  lie  stands  deservedly  high  in 
Ids  line  of  work,  lie  has  put  up  many  of  the 
tine  monuments  and  done  some  of  the  best  work 
on  buildings  in  the  city,  lie  is  also. a  designer, 
and  some  of  his  designs  are  very  tine.  He  had 
an  exhibition  of  his  work  at  the  I'ortland  .Me 
chiinics'  Fair  and  received  first  medal  for  the 
best  has  relief  in  marble. 

He  was  married  in  lf"S4,  to  .Miss  .\gnes 
Giboni,  of  Germany.  They  have  one  son, 
named  Otto.  Mr.  Schumann  is  a  member 
and  Secretary  of  the  (4erman  society  Verein 
Eintracht.  He  is  also  a  |)residing  officer  of  the 
Willamette  (Jerman  Tribe  Improved  Order  of 
lied  Men,  and  a  Knight  of  Pythias,  a  member 
of  the  A.  O.  U.  W..  and  a  member  of  the  Engi- 
neer (/orps  of  the  Oregon  .National  (juards.  lie 
has  deserved  the  success  that  has  crowned  his 
efforts. 


H^I^KT' 


<•«=- 


UTIiril  PIIILniUCK.one  of  the  leading 
.itizens  of  La  (Trande,  Union  couni  v.  Ore- 
—,-.-  gon,  was  boi'ii  in  Hrookline.  Massachu- 
setts. Xovember  26.  18(54,  and  is  the  oldest  id' a 
family  \t1  nine  children,  born  to  William  I),  nd 
Mary  S.  (Staigg)  Philbrick.  William  I).  Phil- 
brick  was  also  i)cu'n  in  Hrookline,  MassiKdiusetts, 
in  IS36.  where  ho  engaged  in  the  business  of 
dealing  in  oil  toi'  several  years,  but  now  is  the 
editor  of  a  paper  of  that  State.  He  is  the  brother 
of  Kdward  S.  Philbrick,  deceased,  civil  engineer 
of  I'oston.  who  is  the  author  of  the  noted  book, 
'•American  Sanitary  Knijinecring.  "and  whowas 
one  of  the  leading  sauit.iry  engineers  of  the 
United  States.  The  mothei'  of  oui-  subject  was 
born  in  Newport,  lihode  Island,  and  was  u  sis- 


ter of  the  celebrated  portrait  oil  painter,  the  late 
llichard  M.  Stai^rg.  of  Uostou. 

Arthur  Philbrick  attended  the  common 
schools  of  his  town,  until  he  was  Htteii  for  higher 
mathematical  studies  ami  then  entered  the 
Massachusetts'  Institute  of  Technology  in  Bos- 
ton, and  gr.ailnated  there,  in  1881,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen.  He  then  went  to  ('alifornia  and  en- 
gaged with  che  California  Southern  Railroad 
Compady,  in  the  engineering  department,  and 
continued  with  that  company  for  four  years. 
At  the  time  of  the  great  boom  at  Los  Angeles,  he 
went  there  and  worked  for  the  leading  real-estnte 
men  in  the  laying  out  of  towns,  irrigati<in  works, 
etc.  After  stopping  a  short  time  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, he  went  to  Portland,  Oregon,  reaching 
there  in  1887  and  engaged  with  the  Union  Pa- 
citic  Railroad  Company  as  assistant  engineer  in 
locating  their  road  in  Washington.  He  con- 
tinned  with  this  company  for  a  year  and  a  half, 
going  then  to  Astoria,  where  he  followed  rail- 
road and  land  surveying  for  one  yc^ar  and  then 
returned  to  Portland, 

He  was  married,  in  188i),  at  Portland,  to  Miss 
.May  II.  Hudson,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Nathaniel 
'!ndsoti.  f>he  was  born  in  Oregon,  in  1803. 
iler  parents  were  natives  of  New  York,  who 
came  to  Oregon  in  1849.  The  mother  is  deaii, 
but  the  father  is  yet  living  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enty-three. After  marriage  our  sid)ject  went 
to  Walla  Walla,  where  he  lived  two  years,  but 
in  1891  he  removed  to  Union  county,  and  lo- 
cated in  La  (iranile,  where  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  Uiuted  States  Deputy  Mineral 
Surveyor,  and  in  February,  1892,  he  was  elected 
city  engineer  of  La  Grande. 

During  the  summer  of  1892  he  was  engaged 
by  the  city  of  La  Grande  as  superintending  en- 
gineer of  constructton  on  the  city  water-works, 
a  pumping  plant,  with  reservftir  combined,  cost- 
i:ig  .850,000  and  is  one  of  the  best  systems  of  its 
size  on  the   Pacdtic  coast. 

During  the  fall  of  1892  he  has  been  making 
surveys,  e.xamiinitiouH  and  reports  upon  some  of 
the  mining  propert'"s  in  eastern  Oregon,  which 
with  a  little  more  devLlopment  work  will  rank 
among  the   richest  minet  in  the    United  States. 

He  intends  to  devote  a  great  deal  of  time  to 
tlie  develo|nnent  of  eastern  ()regon  mines  in  the 
immediate  fut\ire  to  the  end  that  pi!ople  living 
in  other  States  may  obtain  reli.able  information 
in  regard  to  them. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Philbrick  Imve  one  daughter, 
Junia  Rose  Philbrick,  born  in  1890.  Politically 


HlHTOllY     (IF    OltEGON. 


879 


our  .subject   is  a   Re]Hitjli('iin  and  is  (lestiued    to 
bec(jine  one  of  the  proiiiiuent  men  of  tiie  State. 


|HEL  E.  EATON,  one  of  tlie  early  pioneers 
of  Fnion  county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Con- 
way, New  Ilainpshire,  May  20.  1834.  Ilia 
t'atiuM'.  ISiineon  Eaton,  was  a  native  of  ^[aine, 
born  in  I5u.\ton  in  tliat  State,  was  a  farmer  and 
lawyer  iiy  profession  and  removed  to  New 
llanipsliire  while  yet  a  younff  man.  lie  was 
married  to  lietsy,  the  daughter  of  William 
J'aine,  also  a  native  of  the  Stiite  ot'l\[aine.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Eaton  reared  a  family  of  eleven  cJiil- 
dren,  of  which  our  subject  was  tho  seventh  son 
and  ninth  chi'd.  The  fstlier  died  in  18(52,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-seven  years,  and  his  wife  departed 
lliis  life  in  1877,  at  the  age  of  eighty-two. 

Abel  lived  with  his  parents  until  he  was 
twenty  years  old,  having  received  but  very  few 
educational  advantages,  only  attending  school 
t'oi'  seven  weeks  during  the  winter  Cor  a  tew 
years.  This  was  the  extent  of  his  schoolings 
with  the  exception  of  eleven  weeks,  which  he 
spent  in  the  Conway  T^niversity.  Just  before 
leaving  home,  procuringa  dictionary  when  about 
nine  years  of  age,  he  made  that  his  main  study 
and  thus  (jualitied  himself  for  teaching.  At  tl.? 
age  of  twenty  he  took  his  dictionary  atid  with 
it  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  near  that  city  he 
rented  a  farm  and  engaged  in  the  occupation  of 
farming  for  one  year,  chopping  wood  in  his  spare 
time.  The  latter  he  sold  in  the  city,  l^ater, 
our  subject  went  to  llnntsville,  Indiana,  where 
he  engaged  in  teaciiing  his  first  school  and  here 
he  gave  such  satisfaction  that  he  felt  much  en- 
couraged. 

Then  Mr.  Eaton  returned  to  his  old  home  and 
worked  on  the  farm  there  for  three  years,  mak- 
ing up  the  time  to  his  parents  wiiich  lie  bad 
lust  by  leaving  home  before  he  was  of  age.  Again 
returning  to  Cincinnati  he  was  engaged  to  finish 
teaching  a  term  of  school  that  had  been  com- 
menced by  a  man  who  could  not  manage  the 
pupils  and  had  been  ignominiously  turned  out 
by  the  unruly  ones.  The  tiirectors  asked  young 
Eaton  if  he  thought  lie  could  manage  tiiis  crowd, 
and  he,  having  faith  in  his  own  methods,  said 
that  he  could.  lie  was  engaged  for  a  time  and 
finished  the  term  to  the  surprise  of  the  neigh- 
borhood: beginning  with  eight  pupils,  he  in  two 
weeks  had  seventy -eight.     At  this  place  he  con- 


tinued to  teach  tor  tin?  three  following  years  and 
would  have  remained  longer  but  tiie  war  came 
on  and  the  sciiooliionse  fell  into  the  hanil  of 
General  Uosecrans,  using  it  for  a  telegra|ih  sta 
tion  and  head(juarters,  which  was  named  Camp 
Dennison  and  the  children's  playground  was 
soon  turned  into  a  drill  ground  for  the  soldiers. 

Mr.  Eaton  then  bought  .some  cows  and  com- 
menced to  furnish  milk  to  the  officers  and  S(d- 
diers,at  which  he  made  money.  Laterour  sub- 
ject went  to  visit  a  sister  living  in  Quincy, 
Illinois,  who  at  that  time  was  lying  very  sick, 
but  when  he  re'iolied  that  city  he  found  that  his 
sister  had  been  taken  on  a  train  to  her  native 
home  in  New  Hampshire.  Having  a  little 
money,  Mr.  Eaton  went  into  coin  buying  which 
he  cribbed  near  (Juincy.  Ho  bought  5,000 
bushels  which  he  paid  for  at  a  rate  of  7i  cents  a 
bushel,  and  in  less  than  one  year  it  was  sold  for 
87|  cents  a  bushel,  not  however,  until  after  Ko 
had  come  West.  While  living  there,  Mr.  Eaton 
was  visited  by  the  School  Hoard  of  Quincy.  with 
the  [jroposition  that  he  should  take  charge  of 
the  school  of  East  Quincy  for  ^-lOa  month.  This 
too  was  a  very  difficult  school  to  manage  and  had 
not  been  successfully  taught  for  many  years 
prior  to  thistertn.  Ileaccejjted  the  proposition 
and  taught  a  term,  and  on  tlie  hist  day  of  school 
there  was  a  large  gathering  of  the  citizens  of  his 
school  to  whom  lie  made  an  address,  and  that 
was  the  last  of  his  school- teaching. 

That  was  in  the  spring  of  1802,  when  he,  with 
two  other  men,  started  to  cross  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  The  party  had  a  weary  trip  of  five 
months,  enlivened  with  hairbreadth  escapes 
from  the  Indians.  On  the  first  day  out  from 
Quincy  they  came  across  two  gentlemon  whom 
they  joined.  They  proved  to  be  two  [)hy.^icians, 
Drs.  liudd  and  (4ri8wold,  and  they  all  journeyed 
together  until  they  reached  eastern  Oregon, 
where  Baker  City  now  stands. 

Upon  their  arrival  at  that  place  they  were  in- 
formed by  some  emigrants  whom  they  found 
camped  there,  that  they  had  come  in  time  to  wit- 
ness one  of  the  interesting  little  occurrences 
which  were  frequent  in  that  locality  in  those 
days,  it  being  the  banging  of  a  Frenchman.  His 
crime  had  been  that  of  |)oisoning  his  three 
partners.  He  was  tried  by  the  miners  a  of 
little  mining  town  called  .\uburn.  about  twelve 
miles  distant,  presided  over  by  Colonel  Pack- 
wood,  now  of  Maker  City,  and  on  the  next  day 
the  law  was  carried  out  in  the  presence  of  a 
number   of   interested   spectators,    the  penalty 


3fO 


JIIHTOIiY    Olf    Oli/CGON. 


t  .  i       !' 


hfinj^  death  hy  liiiiii.'iii<i:,  it  heiiiff  ii  new  sight  to 
the  newly  aii'ived  ( irej^oriioiis. 

This  was  tiio  !)th  of  October,  1862,  and  our 
siihjeet  was  anxious  to  du  soniethinj;  to  increase 
his  e.\chee(|nei",  so  hnyiiifra  second-hand  scythe 
for  §().5()  from  sonic  eniigraiits,  lie  had  81  left 
and  jiaid  that  out  for  one  meal.  Immediately 
securing  work  in  mowing  grass  he  put  up  forty 
tons  of  hay  that  fall  and  in  the  winter  he  hauled 
this  to  Anlnirn  and  sold  it  to  ]>ack  trains  for  a 
l)ig])riee,  the  last  ton  selling  for  §100  in  gold  as 
hay  was  very  scarce  and  almost  any  price  would 
he  ])ai(l  f(n-  it.  This  money  enabled  Mr.  Eaton 
to  tit  out  a  freifj;hting  team  and  he  bought  six 
yoke  of  oxen  and  two  wagons  and  began  the 
business  of  freighting  from  llimitilla  landing  to 
lioise  basin  in  Idaho  anil  to  the  mining  places 
alonj:  the  road. 

Mr.  Eaton  traded  principally  in  groceries  and 
continued  this  business  for  a  term  of  eight  years, 
which  proved  very  successful.  He  had  many 
hard  times,  many  ups  and  downs,  during  these 
eight  years.  Making  a  trip  back  to  his  native 
home  he  went  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  there 
took  a  steamer  for  San  Francisco  and  made  Bos- 
ton, Massacliusetts,  by  way  of  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama route.  From  his  home  in  Conway  he  re- 
tnri\ed  to  Quincj,  Illinois,  through  all  the  largo 
cities  on  the  r(jute  and  after  settling  his  busi- 
ness there  returned  to  Conway,  New  Hampshire, 
then  liack  to  New  York,  where  he  took  steamer 
via  the  Isthmus  and  San  F'rancisco  to  his 
liMine  at  Union,  Oregon,  the  trip  costing  him 
!Sl.t550.  I'efore  his  visit  to  the  East  our  sub- 
ject had  bouglit  500  bushels  of  wheat,  paying 
!?1.2o0  for  it,  fur  seed;  some  men  sowed  this  on 
shares.  They  all  pnt  400  acres  in  wheat  and 
raised  from  forty  to  fifty  bushels  per  acre. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  Eaton  took  place  in  1807 
t(i  Miss  Mary  E.  Uaird.born  in  Putnam  county, 
.Missouri,  in  1841,  who  came  to  Oregon  with 
her  parents  when  she  was  a  child.  After  mar- 
riage, our  subject  bought  320  acres  of  land  in 
(irande  U(.nde  valley,  in  Union  county,  and 
theiv  began  farming  and  the  raising  of  stock, 
bnvingand  selling.  At  times  he  owned  large 
tract's  of  land  ami  handled  thousands  of  cattle 
and  horses  and  he  now  retains  about -4,000  acres. 
He  has  a  nice  residence  in  Union  and  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  all  the  measures 
promising  any  good  to  his  county  or  State.  He 
served  as  the  lirst  Mayor  of  Union  and  lias  been 
the  main  |)romiiteror  the  building  of  the  school- 
houses  and  churches  of  the  place.     For  twenty- 


four  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  .Method- 
ist E|iiscopal  Church  and  is  one  of  its  staiich- 
est  supporters  in  this  city.  Mr.  Eaton  is  also  a 
member  of  the  social  order  of  Odd  Fellows,  both 
in  the  subordinate  encampment  and  Grand 
Lodge  and  (irrand  Encampment.  He  is  one  of 
most  prominent  men  in  this  part  of  the  country, 
always  taking  an  active  and  leading  part  in  all 
educational  enterprises,  having  for  a  long  time 
acted  as  School  Director  anddndge  of  Elections. 
Also  having  iilled  with  credit  and  honor  all  of 
the  otiices  pecnii.'.r  to  the  various  secret  organi- 
zations to  which  lie  belongs.  The  unprecedented 
perseverance  with  which  he  persues  every  un- 
dertaking marks  the  secret  of  his  almost  certain 
success  in  whatever  he  attempts  to  do.  Always 
ready  to  lend  a  helping  hand  for  the  relief  of 
snti'ering  hmnanity,  ever  willing  to  endure  hard- 
ships and  privations  for  others  comfort,  he  will 
be  much  missed  by  any  community  fmni  which 
he  is  called  to  iiart. 


'HEODOUE  VVVGAiNT,w]io  came  to 
/S!!^  "'■Ggo"  i"  1850,  was  l)orn  in  Ulster 
ccmnty.  New  Vork,  November  22,  1831. 
His  father.  Williiiui  Du  Bois  Wygaut,  was  born 
in  the  same  county.  The  family  originated  in 
Holland,  anil  emigrated  to  the  colonies  in  the 
early  settlement  of  America.  Mr.  Wygant's 
father  married  Miss  Amelia  S.  Fowler,  a  native 
of  New  York  and  of  Dutch  ancestry,  who  were 
early  settlers  of  New  York. 

When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  six  years 
of  ago  the  family  moved  to  Indianapolis,  Indi- 
ana, whore  young  Tl;eodore  resided  until  he 
came  to  Oregon.  Starting  on  the  22d  of  May, 
18r)(),  he  came  by  stage  to  St.  Eouis,  and  by 
steamboat  to  St.  Joseph,  where  he  joined  a 
party.  The  Journey  was  made  with  a  pack 
train  of  horses  and  mules,  at  tliat  time  there 
not  being  a  white  settler  between  St.  .loseph 
and  the  Columbia  river,  but  the  trip  was  ac- 
complished without  serious  accident.  On  ar- 
rivingat  Oregon  (!ity,  he  spent  the  firsttwo  years 
there  employed  at  miscellaneous  jobs;  a  ])art  of 
the  time,  however,  he  was  Deputy  Sherilf.  In 
March,  1852,  he  engaged  in  steamboating  on 
the  Upper  Willamette,  on  the  pioneer  Oregon 
steamboat  (/anemah,  on  which  he  served  as 
clerk.  Next  he  was  agent  for  the  joint  steam- 
boat companies  at  Oregon  (^Mty,  from  l8.')y  to 
1803.     He  then  came   to   Portland,  continuing 


:i 


!l! 


■P™?1P^H^^ 


IIIHTORY    OF    OllKIION. 


S81 


with  the  Orej^oii  Steuin  NHvirratioii  Coiiipanv 
as  their  seuretary,  from  18(35  to  1879,  whuii  tiiu 
coiupaiiy's  iiaiiie  was  chaiitrc'd,  by  ruorifaiiiza- 
tion,  to  tlie  On^j^oii  IJailway  ami  Navijjatioii 
Coinpaiiy,  by  Henry  Vilianl,  ami  he  coiitimieil 
witli  tlu'.tn  until  1887.  since  which  time  he  lias 

iven  his  attention   to  real  estate  in  the  city  of 

'orlland. 
In  185>^  ■  .narried  Miss  ^[argaret  (tlen  Kae. 
who  was  .)orn  on  the  shi])  Heaver,  on  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  the  dani^hter  of  William  G.  Uae, 
agent  of  the  Hudson  Jiay  (Joinpany,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  and  brother  of  Dr.  John  Kae,  the  arctic 
explorer.  She  is  a  granddaughter  of  Dr.  John 
McLoughlin,  the  most  noted  pioneer  of  the 
Northwest,  who  came  to  the  coast  as  early  as 
1824,  and  for  years  was  virtually  Governor  of 
the  Northwest  country.  He  was  calle<l  by  the 
Indians  the  White-headed  Eagle,  and  by  others 
the  Father  of  Oregon.  His  name  goes  into  the 
history  of  the  country  as  that  of  a  man  of  won- 
derful e.xecutive  ability,  a  friend  of  the  Oregon 
pioneer,  and  a  noble,  kind-hearted  man.  (See 
page  102.)  ^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Wygant  have  four 
children,  all  born  at  Oregon  City.  Their  eldest 
daujjhter,  Nellie  Amelia,  married  Martin  Winch; 
the  second  daughter,  Alice  McLoughlin,  is  the 
wife  of  William  M.  Whidden;  the  son,  William 
Rae,  is  engaged  in  the  hardware  business;  the 
youngest  daughter  is  Maria  Louise. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wygant  are  very  highly  es- 
teemed pioneers  of  Oregon,  and  ^[r.  Wygant  is 
a  man  of  the  very  highest  integrity  of  character. 
He  is  prominent  ip  the  Masonic  fraternity,  hav- 
ing advanced  to  the  thirty-second  degree  of  the 
Scottish  rite,  and  served  several  terms  as  Treas- 
urer of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Oregon. 

•    — -^-m-^ —    • 


|,,lANIELALEXANDERGItOUT,adi8tin. 

guished    educator    and    principal    of    the 
North    Central    school   of    Portland,    was 
born  in  Ontario,  Canada,  January  5,  1862. 

His  father,  William  C.  Grout,  was  born  in 
Canada,  and  was  of  English  ancestry.  Grand- 
father John  Grout  was  a  Colonel  in  Kill"' 
George's  Army,  and  came  with  his  regiment  to 
fight  the  colonists,  and  after  the  Revolution  n^- 
ceived  lands  in  the  vicinity  of  Hamilton,  for  his 
services  in  the  war,  where  his  family  have  re- 
sided up  to  the  present  time.  The  father  of 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  married  Miss  Isabella 
Gray,  a  native  of  Canada,  whoso  ancestors  came 


from  Argyle,  Scotland,  in  1818,  and  settled  on 
the  north  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  in  the  Xia:,nirii 
district.,  (ii  and  father  (t  ray  was  educated  Cora 
I'resbyterian  minister,  and  grandfather  Grout 
was  a  Methodist  local  minister.  Mr.  (irout's 
father  died  January  23,  1892,  aged  fifty-three, 
greatly  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him,  because 
of  his  stei'ling  (jualities  of  mind  and  heart.  The 
faithful  wife  and  devoted  mother  still  survives, 
in  the  enjoyment  of  the  affection  of  her  family 
and  a  host  of  personal  friends. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  Ontario  public  schools  and  at  St.  Thomas' 
Ontario  model  school,  afterward  graduating  at 
the  Ottawa  Canada  Normal  School,  in  1884. 
He  taught  district  school  for  three  terms  before 
graduating,  and  after  completing  his  course, 
was  for  three  years  princi|)al  of  tlie  Sparta  pub- 
lic schools,  and  was  .afterward  principal,  for  a 
couple  of  years,  of  the  Aldboro  public  s(diools. 

In  1890  he  came  to  Oregon,  where  he  was 
elected  by  the  School  Board  principal  of  the 
North  Central  school,  which  position  he  has 
continued  to  fill  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  nil 
concerned.  His  school  numbers  485  pupils, 
and  comprises  ten  departments,  with  nine  teach- 
ers besides  himself,  and  the  double  duty  of 
teacher  ami  superintendent  of  the  several  de- 
partmetits  keeps  him  busy,  and  is  a  good  test  of 
his  ability  and  energy.  He  has,  however,  re- 
sponded most  satisfactorily  to  all  demands  on 
his  time  and  talents,  and  has  imparted  his  en- 
thusiasm to  his  teachers  and  pupils,  so  that  he 
is  greatly  aided  in  the  performance  of  the  great 
work  in  which  he  takes  such  a  deep  interest. 
He  cpme  to  the  coast  with  the  highest  recom- 
mendations, which  have  been  more  than  fulfilled. 

He  is  an  active  member  of  the  ifasonic  fra- 
ternity, to  which  he  has  belonged  for  a  number 
of  years. 

The  Portland  School  Hoard  are  so  careful  in 
their  selections,  demanding  the  best  talent  in 
their  teachers,  that  an  engagement  by  them  is 
sutKcient  indorsement  of  merit,  while  the  fact 
of  Mr.  Grout's  continuous  services  is  evidence 
of  the  justice  of  their  belief  in  him,  which  is 
now  fully  established. 

-^.^^^ 


fR.  E.  SHELP)Y,  a  business  man  of  Port- 
laud,  is  a  native  of  Marylaml,  born   Au- 
a  gust,  17,  1834.  His  father,  Mayne  Shelby, 
was  a  native  of  the  same  State,  born  in    1780, 


m 


\>\X 


If.: 


;i8L' 


lllSTOny    iiF    OUKtION 


Mini  of  Si'otcli  aiicpsti'y,  wlio  were  early  settlers  i 
ni'  the  cDlDiiies.  His  tiitl'.er  serveil  lis  a  soldier  I 
in  the  Revolution.  .\[r.  Miijoi'  Sliell>v  married 
Harriet  Messiek,  a  native  of  iiis  i)\vn  State,  licr 
fainily  oiiiriiiated  in  England.  Tliey  had  nine 
ehildren  of  whom  five  are  livino.  Mr.  Shelby, 
onr  siihjeet,  was  the  yoiinj^est  l)Ut  one,  and  was 
raised  in  Hamilton  county,  Indiana,  on  a  farm. 
altiMidino  seliool  in  the  winter.  On  August  9, 
lMi2.  he  enlisted  in  ('om|)any  E,  Ninety-fourth 
Illinois  \'()lunteer  He<j;imcnt.  They  were  sent 
to  St.  Louis  and  he  particijjated  in  the  battle  of 
I'ine  Grove,  was  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  the 
capture  of  Frazier  City,  fought  at  Fort  Donel- 
soii  and  in  the  tii^hting  at  Mississi|)pi  Pass  and 
lastly  at  S|)anisli  Fort.  He  waa  discharged  on 
July,  17,  ISIi.j.  While  in  service  he  was  seri- 
ously disabled,  for  which  he  now  receives  a  pen- 
sion. He  was  a  faithful  and  brave  soldiei'.  He 
partici|)ated  in  several  hard-fought  battle.*  ami 
richly  deserves  the  consideration  of  the  nation. 
The  government  can  hardly  do  too  much  for  the 
men  who  risked  their  lives  to  preserve  the  unitv 
of  the  United  States.  When  Mr.  Shelby  had 
recovered  .■'oniewliat  from  the  etVects  of  the 
dreadful  scenes  through  which  he  had  |)ussed  he 
tried  farming,  but  came  to  California  in  IST-t 
and  settled  in  Yolo  county,  where  he  remained 
four  years  and  then  came  to  Portland,  Oregon. 
In  1887  he  received  a  paralytic  stroke  which  in- 
capacitated him  for  active  business  and  in  1888 
he  ojieiu'cl  his  notion  store  at  323  I'irst  street, 
where  he  is  now  in  business. 

He  «as  marri(,Ml  in  Indiana  on  the  6th  of  May, 
I8."i7,  to  Miss  Kebecca  Shryrock,  of  Imliana,  and 
the  drtughter  ot  John  Shryrock,  of  that  State, 
fhey  have  Imd  three  children:  Cora,  now  the 
wife  of  Riclmnl  Stewart;  Ella,  now  Mrs.  Will- 
iam L,  i'rooke;  and  (leneva,  who  died  when  six 
years  of  age.  ^[rs.  Shelby  is  still  livingand  she 
has  proved  herself  a  loving  wife.  .Mr.  Shelby 
is  a  menibi^r  of  I.  O.  O.  F.  in  both  branches  ami 
is  Treisiirer  of  Harmony  Encampment  of  Fort- 
land.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and 
in  politics  is  ,a  reliable   Republican. 

[AMUEL  RULLOCK,  Justice  of  the  Peace 
of  East  Portland,  was  born  in  Worcester, 
England,  March  1,  1827,  of  purely  Eng- 
lish tincestry.  He  was  reared,  eilnoated  and 
taught  the  baker's  trade  in  his  luitive  land,  where 


lie  continued  to  live  until  he  attained  his  nin- 
jority,  when  he  emigrated  to  the  Unitt'd  States, 
arriving  in  ITtica,  New  York,  on  November  7, 
1848,  where  he  learneil  the  house  and  sign  paint- 
er's trade  with  his  uncle,  George  HuUock.  Af- 
terward he  removed  to  New  York  and  engaged 
in  the  bakery  business,  and  subscijuently  re- 
tui'ned  to  I'tica,  where  he  reside<l  until  18(52. 
From  there  lie  removed  to  Buffalo,  in  the  same 
State,  where  he  continued  his  painting  business 
for  about  seven  years,  then  going  to  Omaha, 
Nebraska.  After  spending  some  years  there, 
lie  rf'inoved  to  Fremont,  in  the  same  State, 
wdience  he  came  to  San  .lose.  California,  wdiero 
he  remained  in  business  until  he  came  to  East 
Portland,  now  Portland,  in  187!t,  in  which  city 
lie  worked  at  painting  for  three  years,  when  he 
was  elected  .(usticeof  the  Peace,  serving  for  two 
years,  since  which  time  he  lias  been  thrice  elected 
to  the  same  otKce.  This  fact  is  a  sutlicient  testi- 
monial to  his  good  judgment  ami   impartiality. 

In  1851,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Louisa  Waddle,  a  highly  es- 
teeme(l  lady,  and  they  had  tive  children,  three 
now  living,  two  having  died  in  infancy.  Their 
liajipy  married  life,  however,  was  destined  to  bo 
of  short  duration,  for  after  ten  years  the  faithful 
wife  ami  devoted  mother  died  at  Piiflalo,  leav- 
ing her  family  and  many  friends  to  mourn  her 
untimely  taking  away. 

In  18t36,  at  New  York  city,  Mr.  Rullock  mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  T.  Dudley,  an  intelligent  lady, 
and  a  native  of  Ttica,  New  York.  They  have 
six  children.  One  of  his  ilaughters,  by  his  first 
wife,  Mary  Louisa,  married  Mr.  A.  T.  Smith; 
and  his  daughter  Fanny,  by  his  present  wife, 
inarrie<l  Mr.  .1.  W.  Heveridge.  Two  of  his  sons, 
by  his  lirst  wife,  are  both  married  and  are  in 
Chicago,  while  the  others  are  at  home  with  him- 
self and   wife. 

In  the  Masoni(^  fraternity,  .Fudge  iJullock  has 
made  a  very  creditable  record.  He  was  made  a 
blaster  Mason  in  18.57,  and  n  Royal  Arch  Mason 
in  18.')8.  He  received  the  Red  ('ross  degree. 
May  7,  lS,j8,  and  was  created  a  Knight  Temp- 
lar, .fiine  3,  1858.  He  took  the  Council  degn-es 
of  Royal  and  Select  Master  on  this  coast  in  1882, 
and  lias  filled  all  the  offices  in  the  Council  up  to 
that  of  Grand  Master  of  the  State. 

Politically  he  is  a  Repulilican,  and  as  a  man 
is  upright  and  honorable  to  the  liighest  degree. 
As  a  .Fustice,  he  is  capable  and  conscientious, 
and,  to  the  best  of  his  ability,  renders  his  de- 
cisions according  to  the  law  and   the  evidence. 


llISrOUY    OF    O/lKdOS. 


88:1 


*>()N.  JOHN  I'OWHLL,  of  Knst  I'drtlnnd, 
came  to  Oregon  as  eariy  as  1847,  a  sou  of 
one  of  the  most  respected  |iioneerH.  lie 
WHS  horn  in  Piketown,  Iventncky,  May  2S, 
1828.  Ilis  father,  Allei;  i'owell,  was  a  native 
of  Virginia.  It  is  iielieved  tliat  tlie  family 
orijrjiiated  in  Wales,  hut  came  from  Enifjaiid  to 
tile  (polony  of  Virf^inia  many  years  previous  to 
liie  Uevuliition.  The  urandfatiier  of  our  suh- 
ject,  ("ader  I'owell,  servecJ  as  a  soldier  in  the 
Kevolution.  Allen  I'owell  married  Miss  I'oUy 
Johnsoii  and  liad  eijrlit  children,  of  whom  only 
two  are  now  livinj^. 

Mr.  John  I'owell,  the  youngest  son  and  next 
to  the  yountjest  of  the  family,  spent  the  first  fif- 
teen years  of  his  life  on  a  farm  in  Keiitucdiv; 
the  next  nine  years  he  was  in  western  Missouri 
and  Kansas. — the  latter  State  being  then  a  part 
of"  Indian  Territory.''  Being  an  orphan  fnim 
tlie  ai^e  of  seven  years,  it  can  be  justly  said  of 
liim  that  he  is  a  eelf-niade  man. 

In  18-17  he  came  overland  to  Oregon.  On 
May  lOtli  he  crossed  the  honiidary  line  of  Mis- 
souri al)out  twelve  miles  south  of  where  Kansas 
(Jity  MOW  stands.  He  and  his  party  started  with 
six  wagiins,  but  soon  there  were  forty-two  waif- 
ons  in  the  train.  Two  of  Mr.  I'owell's  brother's 
were  with  him;  the  eldest  had  an  outfit,  but 
Jolin,  our  Bui>ject,  had  noTie,  and  he  worked  for 
his  pas.sage  by  driving  teams  and  loose  stock. 
On  their  jouriuty  they  escaped  the  cholera  and 
the  Indians,  but  had  measles  and  mountain 
fever.  When  near  the  Dalles  they  went  into 
ciinp  for  two  weeks,  cut  down  trees  and  with  a 
whipsaw  made  lumber  and  built  a  scow,  on 
which  they  came  to  the  Cascades.  There  they 
unloaded  the  boat,  shoved  it  out  into  the  river 
and  let  it  go  over  the  falls,  after  which  it  was 
fished  out  and  reloadeil;  and  thus  they  came  on 
to  their  destination. 

Their  first  work  in  Oregon  was  cutting  sa>v- 
logs.  Soon  Mr.  John  I'owell  bought  a  squat- 
ter's right  to  328  acres  of  land,  on  whidi  was  a 
log  cabin,  and  of  which  two  acres  were  cleared 
and  one  sown  to  wheat.  After  remaining  here 
a  year  and  a  half,  the  California  gold  fever 
reached  his  community,  in  184-8,  and  he  im- 
mediately re|)aire(l  to  the  origin  of  the  excite- 
ment, and  mined  for  gold  on  the  Feather  and 
American  rivers.  Recoming  sick,  he  returned 
to  Oregon,  by  water;  but  the  next  spring  he 
went  again  t  .  the  gold  fields;  and  on  arriving 
there,  however,  he  met  his  brothers  returning  to 
Oregon,  and  ho  came  back  with  them.     In  the 


fall  of  1849  they  went  again  to  (Julil'ornia,  with 
a  con)pany,  and  Mr.  I'owell  spent  a  year  in  the 
placer  mines,  meeting  with  moderate    success. 

Returning  finally  to  Oregon,  be  "took  Uf)  "  a 
grant  claim  on  the  Columbia  rivm',  about  seven 
miles  from  Portland,  on  which  he  built  and 
made  other  iuiproveinents,  and  wliere  he  made 
a  permanent  home.  The  property  is  now  very 
valuable.  lie  followeil  farming  from  1851  to 
1883,  and  then  retired  from  active  life  to  a 
pleasant  home,  which  he  purchased  in  East  Port- 
land, where  he  resides. 

Prior  to  the  war  Mr.  Powell  was  a  Douglas 
Democrat,  but  the  tiring  u[)on  F'ort' Sumter 
drove  him  to  the  ranks  of  the  Union  party,  and 
ever  since  then  he  has  found  himself  most  at 
home  in  the  liepublican  party.  In  1884  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  while 
there  he  had  the  pleasure  of  casting  his  vote 
ratifying  the  amenifivient  to  the  Federal  Con  • 
stiuitii^n  which  declares  that  slavery  shall  never 
exist  in  the  United  States.  He  was  brought  up 
in  a  slave  State  and  was  always  opposed  to  slav- 
ery, and  he  took  special  pleasure  in  being  ])res- 
ent  at  its  death.  During  the  war  he  was  active 
on  the  side  of  the  Tnion,  and  all  his  life  he  has 
in  his  motlest  way  done  what  he  believed  would 
result  in  good  to  the  world,  especially  in  his 
own  State. 

December  20,  1852,  is  the  date  of  his  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Martha  Milliorn,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia and  a  daughter  of  flohn  Milliorn,  a  I'enn- 
sylvanian,  who  came  to  Oregon  that  year.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Powell  have  had  eight  children,  six 
of  whom  are  living,  namely:  William  Frank- 
lin; Sarah  Jane,  who  is  the  wife  of  James  Stott; 
Thomas  Cader;  Ste|)lien  Douglas;  Fanny,  who 
niarried  William  (iilson  and  died  May  1,  1887; 
John  Allen,  who  died  when  an  infant;  Rose, 
who  is  the  wife  of  Carl  Brandis;  and  Irene, 
who  is  at  home  with  her  parents  and  is  a  teacher 
in  the  public  school. 

fgf^ILLIAM  O.  ALLEN,  of  Portland,  was 
:A'Mv1|  born  and  bred  near  Troy,  New  York. 
!*^p^  After  a  busy  and  mostly  successful  life 
in  the  Western  States,  he,  in  1865,canie  to  Ore- 
gon, but  did  not  settl«  in  Portland  until  1879. 

After  a  carefid  sounding  of  the  harbors  of 
the  coast  from  the  straits  of  Fuca  to  Southern 
California,  he  found  that  there  were  but  four 
harbors  (it  for  seaport  towns,  and   Portland  had 


;!IH 


'SI 


;«4 


IIISTOliY    OF    OHFAIDN. 


till!  I)e«t,  all  tliiiifTs  considered,  heinj;  sitnntcd  on 
tlui  Williinu'ttf  lit  tliu  lieiid  of  nliij)  iiixvic^iition, 
mine  ninety  mile.-  inlunil.  The  liarlmr  here  is 
(ine  di'  the  hest  in  the  worlii,  lieinj^  siirrcinmled 
liv  hills  and  well  |)rote('ted  agiiin>t  storinn.  Tlie 
('"hiinhia  and  Willamette  rivers  art'ord  the  host 
eliannels  for  naviiration  tor  either  our  merchant 
oi'  war  vessels.  an<l  this  point  is  one  of  the  best 
for  a  naval  station.  The  Wars  can  he  protected 
by  suidien  torpedoes,  and  so  tiieso  beaiitifnl 
cities  can  he  tlxironi^hly  protected  ai^ainst  any 
war  vessel  nf  the  enemy  in  the  worhl.  The 
de|itli  ot'  the  water  at  the  soinul  is  8\icli  that 
sniiken  lorpeihics  wonld  bo  useless  to  the  cities 
there,  wlnle  at  San  Francisco  the  corresponding 
advantages  are  not  favoralde.  In  spite  of  all 
such  protection  that  city  could  he  innnbarded 
from  the  sea.  I'esides,  here  in  Oregon  the  lonj; 
tri[)  through  fresh  water  cleanses  the  bottom  of 
tile  vessels. 

On  the  whole,  the  pros|)eet  of  Portland's  fu- 
ture is  brighter  than  that  of  any  other  city  on 
the  i^reat  Facitic  coast. 

|^i-^AUI,O^V  V,.  DRAKE,  M.  D.,  a  respected 
and  worthy  member  of  the  medical  pro- 
fepsion  Iti  the  city  (jf  I'ortland,  was  born 
in  Detroit,  Michifran, 'November  27,  1848.  llis 
father.  Dr.  Elijah  II.  Drake,  was  a  native  of 
New  York  an<l  a  pioneer  liomeopatliist  of  tliat 
city,  practicing;  there  for  over  Iwenfy-fivo  years 
and  being  one  of  the  leading    members  of  iiis 

Bcl 1  of  medicine   who  fou^rht    the  battle  and 

overcame  the  oppcjsition  in  seeming  a  eiiair  of 
lioineopathy  in  tlie  Michigan  State  University, 
at  Ann  Arbpr.  lie  had  been  educated  and 
began  his  pi'actice  as  an  allopathist.  following 
his  profession  fur  thirteen  years  by  that  system. 
While  practicing  in  Indiana  a  certain  summer 
epidemic  l)atiled  the  medicines  in  use  in  his 
practice,  and  by  way  <(f  experiment  he  tried  the 
liomi'opathic  remedy,  with  results  so  satisfactory 
in  all  the  eases  that  iu'  turned  his  attention  to 
the  new  school  and  finally  adopted  it  in  toto. 
In  1K74  his  life  was  terminated  by  a  railroad 
Hcciilent  near  Ypsilanti,  Michigan.  For  his 
wife  he  married  Miss  (lornelia  Jilakeslee.  a  na- 
tive of  New  Uerlin,  New  York,  and  a  descend- 
ant of  the  family  of  Toby,  who  were  among  the 
first  settlers  of  New  Bedford,  Massaciiusetts. 
One  of  the  ancestors  of  the  family  at  one  time 


was  Lord  Mayor  of  the  city  of  London,  Eng- 
land. Dr.  Elijah  11.  Drake  had  seven  children, 
of  whom  oidy  two  are  now  living. 

Tiu' subject  of  the  present  sketch,  the  second 
born  in  the  above  family,  was  educaied  at  the 
Institute  of  Technology  in  Ijoston,  and  grad- 
uated in  medicine  at  tiie  Ilalinemann  Medical 
College  at  Philadelphia,  in  1878.  lie  began 
practice  with  his  fatiier  in  the  city  of  Detroit, 
anil  after  his  father's  death  he  continued  in 
)riictice  there  for  a  number  of  years,  until  his 
lealth  failed.  To  rei^ain  it  he  came  to  Oregon, 
stopping  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  where 
he  became  interested  in  a  mill.  In  1885  he 
built  a  flouring  mill  at  Union  where  he  did  a 
successful  business  for  two  years.  In  1888  he 
disposed  of  the  property,  and,  having  recovered 
his  health,  he  came  to  Portland  and  resumed 
bis  practice  as  a  physician,  in  wdiich  capacity  he 
is  meeting  with  deserved  success,  lie  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Home- 
opathy, the  Homeopathic  State  Medical  Society, 
and  of  a  similar  society  in  Detroit. 

He  and  his  family  are  connected  with  the 
First  Presbyterian  (Church  of  Portland,  and  in 
politics  he  is  a  Ilcpublican.  lie  is  a  gervtleman 
of  the  highest  ])rol)ity  of  character,  and  a  tal- 
ent"'d  and  a  tliorouj:;hgoing  physician. 

In  187-1  he  married  Miss  Eleanor  (3.  Swain, 
a  native  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  they  have 
two  children:  Cornelia  and  Eleanor. 

^     ♦     (^         ~* 

ILLIAM  T.  B.  NICHOLSON  came  to 
^;  Oregon  in  1858,  and  is  a  native  of  New 
York  city,  born  December  6,  1836.  Ho 
is  the  son  of  Sobrias  Watson  Bryham,  who  died 
when  William  was  a  child.  His  mother  mar- 
ried .Mr.  Nicholson  whose  name  was  given  to 
William.  The  family  firiginated  in  England 
and  his  mother's  maiden  mime  was  Margaret 
McCMenaban  of  Irish  ancestry.  Mr.  Nicholson 
went  with  the  family  to  Philadelphia  and  re- 
sided there  until  he  was  eleven  years  of  age. 
Here  he  was  sent  to  stdiool,  he  then  went  to  the 
old  Hopkins'  farm,  fifteen  miles  out  of  the  city 
and  remaintid  there  untii  he  was  fourteen  years 
of  age,  and  then  came  to  (California  with  his 
mother  and  sister,  Mr.  Nicholson  having  pro- 
ceeded to  the  coast  in  1849  and  sent  for  them 
to  follow.  They  made  the  journey  by  the  way 
of  Panama  on  the  steamer  Brother  Jonathan  on 


t 


■1 


' 


niHTOHY    OF    OHEGON. 


888 


her  first  trip,  and  on  tlio  first  tripot'tht 
Pacific  on  this  side.      In  San    I'rancisc 


lie  steamer 
;;isc()  lie  was 

scat  to  tlie  San  Francisco  Academy,  atferward 
helped  in  iiis  father's  store,  and  hiter  Mr. 
Niciiolson  assisted  in  establisiiini^  a  iiigiit  school 
at  the  corner  of  Dupontand  Sacramento  streets. 
From  that  sprang;  the  first  nigiit  scliools  in  tiie 
city.  In  1858  William  wont  to  the  Fraser  river 
mines.  A  large  company  of  men  fitted  a  ship 
for  that  purpose.  Having  no  success  at  the 
mines  he  returned  to  the  sound  and  was  engaj^eii 
in  surveying  lumber,  and  in  November  came  to 
Portland  and  was  a  clerk  for  t!ie  pioneer  mer- 
chant, John  R.  Foster  for  some  time. 

In  1859  he  was  married  to  Miranda  L.  Cason, 
daughter  of  ilillery  Cason,  local  minister  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  denomination.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Micholson  have  had  six  children  born 
in  Portland,  namely:  Minnie  L.,  the  eldest 
daughter,  married  George  II.  Hill,  who  is  now 
chief  clerk  in  the  First  National  iiank;  Maggie 
married  E.  U.  Hoot,  who  is  chief  clerk  and  act- 
ing cashier  of  the  Terminal  ('onipany;  and  the 
otlier  children  are,  William  Edward,  Rodney 
Adelbert;  the  children  at  home  are  Earl  Vivian, 
and  Grace  Edith. 

Mr.  Nicholson  has  been  tor  years  engaged  in 
the  collectinir  and  brokeratfe  business  and  has 
had  the  business  of  the  oldest  and  best  houses 
for  many  years,  lie  has  also  invested  in  real 
estate  and  has  both  bought  and  sold  on  his  own 
account  and  for  others.  In  1800  he  purchased 
in  East  Portland  tiftoen  acres  of  land,  which  cost 
him  S751.50.  He  subdivided  the  property, 
niakiug  eighty  lots  of  it,  anil  has  recently  sold 
one  of  the  lots  for  §2,500,  which  is  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  growth  of  the  city  and  the  increase 
of  the  value  of  property.  Mr.  Nicholson  has 
built  a  nice  home  of  his  own  in  East  Portland, 
where  he  resides  with  his  family.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  but  has  declined  office.  Ho 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  has 
been  a  member  of  the  official  board.  Early  in 
his  history  in  Portland  he  took  the  contract  to 
cut  the  brush  on  130  acres  in  East  Portland. 
This  contract  he  completed,  doing  the  whole  of 
the  work  with  his  own  hands.  His  mother  re- 
sides in  San  Francisco.  She  has  attained  the 
age  of  eighty-four  years.  Time  has  dealt  very 
lightly  with  him,  and  he  is  still  a  young  looking 
man.  He  is  a  kind-hearted  and  agreeable  man, 
and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  a  wide 
circle  of  friends. 


LIAS    W.  SWAFFORl). 


a    wKlcIv 


favorably  ktiown  jjionccr  of  ( )i'i'gi)M  ("ity, 
Oregon,  on  ther-cuiie  of  whicii  he  made  his 
first  a|i])earance  on  October  l><,  ISo^,  -iince  wIk^ii 
he  has  been  an  honored  lesident  of  the  place, 
was  born  in  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  September 
17,  1819. 

His  father,  Rev.  Jeremiah  SwalTord,  was  a 
native  of  North  Carolina,  and  of-  Welsh  origin, 
his  ancestors  having  emigrated  to  the  North 
American  colonies  previous  to  the  Revolution. 
The  father  was  a  life-long  worthy  minister  of 
the  Baptist  denomination.  He  married  Miss 
Martha  Goodwin,  a  native  of  (ieorgiii,  ami  they 
removed  to  Middletown,  Henry  county,  Iniliana. 
Later  they  removed  to  Mercer  county,  Illii;ois, 
where  he  died  in  1847,  in  his  sixtysi'cond  year. 
He  was  twice  married;  by  his  first  marriage  ho 
had  thirteen  children,  and  by  his  second  mar- 
riage he  had  ten  children.  Oidy  five  children 
are  now  living,  three  of  whom  reside  in  Iowa 
City,  and  one  near  Iowa  City,  and  the  subject 
of  this  sketch. 

Our  subject  was  the  tenth  child  of  the  lirst 
family,  and  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
native  State,  where  he  was  married  to  an  estim- 
able lady,  Ellen  McMannus,  of  Ohio.  He  and 
his  wife  and  two  children  crossed  the  plains  in 
185"^  to  Oregon,  making  the  trip  in  a  covered 
wagon  drawn  by  four  yoke  of  o.veii.  They  came 
with  a  train  of  seventeen  wagons,  and  had  a  suc- 
cessful and  pleasant  journey.  Arrived  in  Ore- 
gon (^ity,  they  took  a  claim  located  four  miles 
east  of  Oregon  City.  After  a  year's  occupation, 
Mr.  Swafford's  title  to  this  land  was  disputed, 
and  he  finally  gave  it  up,  and  purchased  120 
acres  of  hi.-<  brother's  donation  claim.  Here  he 
built  a  cabin,  and  has  since  continued  to  live  on 
this  property,  which  he  has  assiduously  cul- 
tivated and  carefully  improved  with  substantial 
buildings,  until  he  now  owns  one  of  the  average 
farms  in  the  county.  His  wife  and  children  re- 
sided on  the  farm,  while  he  worked  at  his  trade 
of  carpentry  in  Oregon  City.  Many  times  in 
the  early  days  he  has  carried  home  a  sack  of 
flour  on  his  back,  a  distance  of  five  miles. 
There  are  few  things  that  can  withstand  patient 
industry  and  careful  economy.  It  proved  so  in 
this  case.  In  time,  a  substantial  and  comfort- 
able home  took  the  place  of  the  little,  inconven- 
ient, cabin;  good  barns  for  his  grain  and  stock 
were  built,  and  his  farm  compared  favorably 
with  any  in  the  country. 


oMU 


lllsTiiltY    OF    OlUiUOiW. 


;-f 


Tlio  two  fliildi'fii,  \vli()iM'(inm'(l  the  ])liiiiirt  witli 
tliuir  |iiiri'iits  in  ISolJ.  uru  Klliott  .1.,  imw  imfof 
tlic  Ifiiiliiii^  l)ii(iiiii'st»  int'ii  of  Siili'iri;  and  Miii'tim 
Ann,  who  died  in  lier  eiirliteenth  year.  Two 
ciiiidrt'ii  were  horn  in  Oreiron,  Jmnes  l>,,  now 
in  linsinesn  in  Oregon  City;  mid  Williiini  II., 
who  died  in  liis  nineteentli  year.  Mrs.  Swatiord, 
the  I'aitiifiii  wil'e  and  devtited  mother,  died  An- 
giitit  14.  ISSo.  in  tile  midst  of  iiei'  family  and 
friends.  She  was  widely  l<iio\vii  and  ijreatly 
e.-teemed  for  her  many  amialile  ijualities,  and 
was  lamenfed  hy  all  who  knew  her.  Mr.  Swaf- 
fcrd  has  retiretl  from  his  farm,  and  is  spendinif 
liis  declininjit  years  with  his  sons,  in  Oregon 
(3ity  and  in  Salem,  going  and  returning  as  he 
desires. 

When  he  eami!  from  the  East,  he  hronplit  a 
letter  from  his  ehnreh,  with  whieh  he  joinetl 
the  Methodist  Clniri-h  of  Oregon  City,  which  is 
now  the  oldest  house  of  worship  in  the  State. 
From  the  time  he  came  nntil  the  present  day, 
he  has  been  one  of  its  most  devoted  members, 
atteiidini.f  its  services  regi'larly;  first,  coming 
on  foot,  with  his  o.xen,  and  later  attendini^  with 
his  horses  and  carriaijes.  He  has  l)een  for  fifteen 
years  an  etlicient  and  acceptable  Class  Leader; 
has  also  held  the  office  of  Steward;  and  has  been 
for  forty  years  one  of  its  most  worthy  and  reli- 
able members. 

He  has  witnessed  many  and  wonderful  changes 
since  his  advent  into  the  Territory.  What  was 
then  a  wide  expanse  of  n.icultivated  prairie 
now  blossoms  as  the  rose.  He  has  become 
widely  ai;(|uainte(l  and  enjoys  the  universal 
good  will  of  his  fellow-men. 


-^^4^mim^ 


fOV.  ADDISON  C.  GIBHS.  who  was  the 
'  war  Governor  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  and 
iggf.  one  of  her  most  worthy  citizens,  was  a 
native  of  New  Yoi'k,  born  in  East  Otto,  Cat 
taragus  county,  July  9,  1825.  His  ancestors 
came  to  this  country  from  England,  and  settled 
in  New  ilngland.  His  father,  Abraham  Gibbs, 
came  to  western  New  York.  He  married  Ka- 
chel  Scobey,  of  Troy,  New  York.  They  settled 
on  a  farm  in  the  new  county,  and  it  was  hero 
that  Addi,-:on  was  born.  His  opportunities  for 
an  education  were  few  and  limited.  When  he 
was  thirteen  years  old,  the  Kev.  G.  Hines,  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  was  stationed  at 
East  Otto,  and  under  his  labors  a  revival  took 


place,  in  which  .Addison  was  converted  and  en- 
tered the  Methodist  Church,  and  was  a  faithful 
member  the  remainder  of  his  life,  aiding  it  in 
every  way  possible.  After  this  for  two  years 
he  attended  the  Springville  Academy,  now 
(xritHth  Institute,  lie  then  taught  school  at 
Hinsdale,  Alleghany  county,  New  York,  pend- 
ing his  (ivenings  studying  law.  The  following 
year  li(<  taught  .'•chool  in  tlit!  district  adjoining 
his  old  home.  Here  he  had  liJO  pupils,  and  re- 
ceived ^15  a  month,  with  his  board,  for  teach- 
ing them.  He  was  so  good  a  teacher  that  he 
was  very  j>opular  with  his  pupils,  as  well  as  with 
their  parents.  Soon  after  the  close  of  IiIb 
school,  in  184H(,  he  accepted  a  sclujlarship  in  the 
State  Normal  School  in  Albany,  X(>w  York. 
After  finishing  his  course  of  study,  he  went  to 
Jefferson  county.  New  York,  wdiere  he  taught 
school  and  studied  law  as  opj)ortuiiity  offered 
and  his  finances  permitted,  it  was  here  that 
he  first  took  an  active  part  in  politics,  liis  blood 
being  stirred  by  the  cry,  "Free  soil,  free  speech, 
freemen;''  and  in  that  Presidential  campaign, 
iu  which  he  favored  Van  Huron  and  Adams,  lie 
gained  the  exjierience  of  public  speaker,  which 
in  after  years  made  him  such  a  j)ower  on  the 
side  of  the  Union  in  the  State  of  ()regon. 

After  the  discovery  of  gold  he  came  to  the 
coast  in  1850,  and  located  a  donation  land  claim 
at  the  mouth  of  the  IJmpipia  river,  where  the 
town  of  (iardiner  is  situated.  In  1853  he  vol- 
unteered iu  the  Kogue  river  Indian  war,  and 
was  by  the  side  of  Captain  Stewart  when  the 
latter  was  shot.  That  same  year  he  was  elected 
a  meml)er  of  the  Oretron  Leijislature.  In  1854 
lie  was  associated  with  Hon.  T.  F.  Grover  (since 
Governor  and  Senator)  on  a  commission  to  audit 
and  report  to  the  National  (Trovernment  the 
spoliation  claims  of  the  settlors,  arising  out  of 
the  Kogue  river  war.  In  1853  lie  was  appointed 
Code  Commissioner,  and  a  little  later  Collector 
of  Customs  for  Port  Perpetua,  afterward  known 
as  Port  LTmpqua.  He  resigned  this  position  in 
1857,  and  removed  the  next  year  to  Portland, 
where  he  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Hon. 
George  H.  Williams,  late  United  States  Senator 
and  Attorney  General  under  the  administration 
of  President  Grant. 

(xovernor  Gibbs  was  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature which  elected  Baker  and  Nesmith,  bnt  he 
unfortunately  supported  his  friend  and  partner, 
Mr.  Williams.  This  lie  did  not  do  for  personal 
reasons  alone,  but  because  Mr.  Williams'  view 
of  the  situation  of  National  and  State  questions 


I 


I^ 


I 


iiiaruiiY   uF  ouKiiox. 


t)8T 


wa«  more  in  acconlftiici!  witli  hit*  own  vicnvrt  tlmn 
itny  otlicr  eiiiMliiliUe.  In  tlic  I'l'i'sidentiiil  tdec- 
tioii  of  IStJd  li(!  supporti'il  Ddii^'lii:-,  luit  when 
the  Iliiioii  Ut'|)iilili('im  party  wa.*  foniii'd,  Uy  a 
oall  made  t)y  tlic  State  (Jciitral  ('oiniiiittee,  lie 
was  the  first  to  ni^ii  tlie  call,  lie  was  itoiiii- 
iiated  by  tiliB  party  for  Governor,  and  was 
elected.  The  vote  of"  that  election  placed  Ore- 
j^on  on  the  Bide  of  the  Union.  Mr.  (iil)l)s  was 
elected  (Jovernor  at  tiie  inont  prccarions  time  in 
the  history  of  the  nation,  (ioveriior  (tild)s  was 
very  ttrm  in  his  executive  measures  to  protect 
the  Union,  and  his  life  was  constantly  in  <lan- 
f^er,  hut  aided  hy  (General  Alvord,  of  the  rejjjn- 
lar  army,  ho  prevented  it  war  within  the  State. 
At  the  close  of  his  term,  in  18(5*),  ho  received 
the  caucus  nomination  of  his  party  for  Uniteil 
States  Senator,  and  came  within  one  vote  of 
election;  later  in  the  contest  he  withdrew,  and 
Hon.  Henry  VV.  Corhett  was  elected,  (rovernor 
(xibbs  was  then  eh-cted  I'rosecutiiig  Attorney  of 
the  First  Judicial  District,  and  afterwanl  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  United  States  Dis- 
trict Attorney,  which  position  he  filled  with 
great  credit  to  himself  and  usefulness  to  the 
country.  He  took  great  pleasure,  while  (iov- 
ernor,  to  locate  public  lands  for  schools,  and  his 
work  is  a  fitting  monuinont  for  him.  lie 
served  on  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of  the  Willam- 
ette University,  and  that  institution  conferred 
the  title  of  LL.  D.  on  liiin  in  recognition  of 
his  services.  He  also  served  as  Trustee  and 
Secretary  of  the  Portland  Academy  and  Kemale 
Seminary  at  a  time  when  this  was  the  leading 
educational  institution  in  the  city  of  Portland. 
Later  ho  was  active  in  having  the  projxirty  of 
the  Portland  Academy  transferred  to  the  Wil- 
lamette University,  when  the  former  institution 
was  not  regarded  as  needful.  He  was  Presi- 
dent, for  a  number  of  years,  of  the  Hoard  of 
Trustees  of  the  Taylor  Street  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Ohurcli,  and  greatly  aided  it  in  many 
ways. 

lie  met  with  some  reverses  in  his  business 
matters,  owing  to  fire  and  other  circnnistances. 
In  1886  he  was  in  London,  England,  on  business 
that  would  have  greatly  retrieved  his  fortunes 
if  he  had  had  time  to  fully  consummate  the 
business,  but  he  was  unexpectedly  taken  sick 
and  died,  December  29,  1886.  He  was  buried 
in  Hrompton  Cemetery,  London.  Later  the 
Oregon  Legislature  had  his  remains'  removed 
and  interred  in  the  River  View  Cemetery,  by 
the  side  of  the    beautiful    Willamette,   in  the 


soil  of  the  Slate  he  so  dearly  IuvcmI  and  so 
lionoraijly  served.  It  is  a  noble  triliiito  to  his 
work  ill  the  .Stat' . 

He  was  married  in  I'Sul,  to  Miss  Margiiret 
M.  Watkins.  the  daughter  of  WilHiim  Watkins, 
of  Cardilf,  Wales.  She  was  raised  in  Krio 
county,  New  Vork,  and  is  a  graduate  of  (Trillith 
Institute,  where  she  bi'came  ac(]uaiiited  with 
lier  husband  wiiile  attending  tln'  siinic  school. 
They  were  married  in  Spriiii;villi',  (lovernor 
(iitibs  crnniiig  from  Oregon  for  tiie  |)Ui'|iosc. 
The  next  spring  they  returned  to  Oregon.  They 
have  had  seven  children,  three  of  whom  are 
living:  William  was  born  in  Douglas  county, 
became  a  lawyer,  and  died  in  his  thirty-first 
year;  Lizzie  is  the  wit'o  of  P.  I.  Packard,  of 
Victoria,  I'ritish  (Columbia;  ('imrlcs  W.  is  a 
wutclunaker  in  Portland,  and  Katie  residi-s  with 
iier  mother  in  Portland,  in  the  home  which 
they  had  Iniilt  in  1801,  corner  of  Taylor  mid 
Hast  Park. 

(tovernor  (Jibbs  was  a  lawyer  of  fine  ability, 
a  pleasant  and  effective  speaker,  and  during  the 
whole  of  his  political  life  was  a  very  capalilc 
campaign  speaker,  doing  valuable  work  for  his 
jtarty  in  his  State.  He  was  a  kind  neighbor,  a 
worthy  citizen  and  a  good  man.  During  the 
four  years  that  he  guiiled  the  sliij)  of  State  its 
fundamental  laws  were  |)repared  and  enacted, 
and  its  institutes  founded  and  organized,  and 
they  bear  the  impress  of  his  thought.  Fortu- 
nate indeed  was  it  for  the  State  of  Oregon  that 
her  foundations  were  laid  by  such  a  good  and 
capable  man  as  (rovernor  Giblis. 


'HE  N  ICOLAi  HIIOTHEUS  COMPANY', 

extensive  manufacturers  of  lumber,  doors 
and  sash,  located  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
founded  their  business  in  their  ])reseiit  locality, 
on  Second  street,  in  18(58.  They  at  first  rented 
temporary  quarters,  but  the  following  year  they 

fiurchased  the  land,  comprising  a  ijuarter  of  a 
dock,  on  which  they  erected  their  present  large 
building,  where  they  have  since  done  a  success- 
ful and  steadily  increasing  business.  The 
ground  cost  them  32,(100,  and  has  increased  in 
value  until  it  is  now  valued  at  S30,00(),  show- 
ing the  great  growth  in  population  and  the  val- 
uable improvements  which  have  been  made  in 
the  city,  both  of  which  have  conduced  to  bring 
about   this  change.     The   same  company  hava 


aw 


UlsWHY    oh'    oHKdON. 


nUo  uiiDtliur   mill   ami    liiiiilii'r    yui'(l    in    North 

I'lll'tllllil,    wilCIl"   IIk'V   lid    lltl   l'\tl'lll*ivt'    Ullhilll'fH. 

'i'lii'V  Imvi'  iilsd  II  mill  in  tiic  nioniitniiis,  wln-rii 
llicy  own  two  Hi'ctiiins  nf  jiine  hin<l,  and  Inive 
iiltn^ftiu'i'  in  ttioir  employ  ^•l'V^•nty■tivt•  nn-ii. 
Tlicii'  inilU  ai'i'  tiixt'<l  to  tlio  ntniost  to  snpjjly 
tliu  coiiHtitntly  incri'using  ilcnmnd,  tiieir  trailu 
I'Xti'niiini^  tiiroMi;lioiit  tlui  .Nortliwi'st,  wiiuri' 
the  Hrni  \*  i'avoralily  known,  owinj;  to  tliuir 
I'uily  t'»tiilp|ihliiiiiMit  in  this  vicinity,  ami  llieir 
lilicral  mclhoils  iinil  tiioi'on>;li  intcirrity  in  all 
inii-int'^s  trantiacliiMiH. 

Me.  A.  Nf|)|)acli  lias  heen  it  intMiiliiT  of  the 
tii'in  since  lSM(,  anil  is  ii  iimn  of  extendeii  Imsi- 
iiess  experience  and  prohity  of  eiiariictei-, 

William  Nicoliii,  the  ellicient  seeretai'y  of 
the  (;oin|iany,  and  also  u  siihstantial  8tockiiolder 
in  the  liiisiness,  is  thi'  eldest  son  of  Mr.  fionis 
Nieolai,  the  senior  ineinher  of  the  linn. 

The  Nieolai  ISrolliers  are  natives  of  (ter- 
niaiiy,  and  accompanied  their  parents  from  tlie 
t'athurhind  to  Anierii^i  in  1853,  e.onnn^  direct 
to  Detroit,  Miehijjan.  Theodore,  at  that  time, 
was  hilt  three  years  of  nj^e,  while  l.oiiis  was 
thirteen.  They  'vere  reared  and  educated  in 
Wayne  county,  near  iJetroit,  where  they  con- 
tinued to  reside  until  they  euini'  to  the  I'acitic 
eoH.t  in   IMtiS. 

Tlieir  venerateii  father,  John  H.  Nieolai. 
8till  survives,  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety- 
one  yearH,  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him,  hceaiise  of  his  sterlini;  <iualities  and 
kindliness  of  heart.  Their  heloved  mother 
died  in  1^1)7,  wrcatlv  lamented  hy  her  family 
and  friends.  She  was  a  faithful  wife  and  de- 
voted mother,  and  much  en<leared  to  her  friends 
on  account  of  her  intellij^'enee  and  amiahility, 
lier  every  day  life  hein<^  a  constant  exemjilitica- 
tioii  of  all  Christian  virtues. 

Mr.  Louis  Nieolai,  the  senior  meniher  of  the 
tiiiti,  is  a  stockholder  in  various  husiness  enter- 
prises iiesides  the  ones  which  hear  his  name. 
He  is  president  of  the  Portland  Cracker  Com- 
pany, in  which  he  is  a  suhstantial  stockholder. 
This  enterprise  eiiiploys  thirty-five  men  and  is 
doing  a  large  and  steadily  increasing  husiness. 
He  is  also  a  large  stockholder  in  a  similar  i)usi- 
ness  at  S])okaiie,  Washington.  He  is  also 
president  and  a  large  stockholder  of  the  Castle 
Kock  Mining  and  ("oal  Company.  All  of  which 
items  go  to  prove  his  great  husiness  and  execu- 
tive ahility.  eomhined  with  unusual  energy  and 
a  progressive  disposition. 

He  was  married  in  Michigan  to  Miss  Marga- 


ret  Kurtx,  an  estitnalile    lady,  and    h  iiativt)  of 

New  \'ork.  They  have  four  children,  William 
H.,  (ieorge  11.,  Amelia,  and  Lena. 

Mr.  Nieolai  has  erecteil  a  Imridsunie  residence 
in  Kast  I'ortland,  in  one  of  the  most  desirahlo 
localities,  and  on  a  pleasing  site.  The  grounds 
ari<  tastefully  laid  out  with  ornamental  trees 
and  flowering  shriihs,  and  the  wlude  |)lacu  is 
suggestive  of  comt'ort  and  rcliiiement. 

llt^  and  his  brother  ari<  Democrats,  altliough 
not  actively  |)articipating  in  politics,  their  nu- 
merous private  interests  ahsorhing  their  entire 
time  and  attention.  They  are  hoth  Lutheran, 
in  which  religion  they  were  holh  reared  and 
educated.  .Mr.  Louis  .Nieolai  is  a  Uoyal  Arch 
Mason  ami  a  memher  of  the  A,  O.  U.  W. 

Theodore  .Nieolai,  the  younger  lirotiier,  mar- 
ried .Miss  Hannah  Kissel,  and  they  have  four 
children;  Lucy.  Harry,  lioy,  and  Arthur.  He 
also  has  erected  a  large  and  cimtortahle  resi- 
dence in  Kast  I'ortland,  which  is  surrounded 
with  pleasing  grounds,  and  where  all  that 
money  can  procure  is  ahumlantly  provided  for 
the  well-licing  of  his  family. 

These  two  hrothers  have  had  a  long  .mil  suc- 
cessful business  career  in  the  metropolis,  and 
may  be  said  to  have  grown  uji  with  the  city. 
Both  are  yet  quite  yoni-.g.  and  have,  apparently, 
a  brilliant  prospect  befort-.  Their  prosj)erity  is 
the  result  of  i.Uelligent  effort,  piTsistently  ap- 
jilied,  coinhi'iifi  ■■•  ith  integrity  of  |)urposo  and 
ecouoinical  iiieili  'Is,  and  they  are  richly  de- 
serving of  t'r.'ir  success. 

[HAULKS  .M.  FOSTEll,  a  prominent  res- 
ident of  Haker  (Mty,  who  came  to  the 
^  .  I'acitic  coast  in  1859,  is  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  He  was  born  in  Walden.Caledonia(^ounty, 
Vermont,  ( )ctober  3,  1837.  and  is  the  ninth  child 
in  a  family  of  ten  children,  born  to  Merrill  and 
Sally  Foster.  Merrill  Foster  was  born  in  the 
same  county  and  State  as  his  son.  where  he  en- 
gaged in  farming  and  stock-raising.  In  1821 
he  married  .Miss  Sally  (Tould.  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, born  in  1802.  Mr.  Foster  was  one  of 
the  leading  men  of  his  county  and  took  great 
interest  in  political  affairs.  When  the  liepub- 
lican  party  was  organized  he  identified  himself 
with  it  at  the  first  election,  when  there  were 
but  six  Republican  votes  cast  in  his  town,  hut 
at  the  next  election  he  was  sent  to  the  Legis- 


i 


JUSTOUr    (IF    OHKlliKW. 


W» 


Intiii'H  oil  tlmt  ti(;kut.  lit*  Kurvvd  one  tunii  bihI 
wim  fdllowttil  l)y  lii«  hod,  Hurry  A.,  wliu  tilled 
81'vuriil  other  ])(initii)!irt  of  lioimr  iind  triii*t  in 
tliii  eoniity.  Air.  I''o8ter  only  lived  to  lie  tit'ty- 
dix  3('uri*  old,  dying  in  185(5,  luit  his  wife  lived 
until  1IS74,  when  A\{i  was  seventy-two  years 
ohl. 

Our  Huhject  wh»  the  next  to  the  yoiin^ent, 
and  only  three  of  the  family  of  ten  eiiiidren  now 
survive,  the  two  bistern  heing  Mrt*.  I'.  N.  Clif- 
foril  11'"'  Mrs.  SwHan  F.  Davin,  hoth  widows. 
lie  rtv-eived  his  education  at  the  aeadeniiert  of 
Morrirtt(jwn.  Johnson  and  lierry,  tinisiiinj^  his 
lust  (roursu  at  IJorry,  at  the  a^e  of  twenty-ono 
years.  For  his  life  profession  he  chose  civil 
engineerini;,  or  surveyliiif,  iitid  in  1809  lie  went 
to  CJuliforida.  Until  IfStiO  he  worked  at  min- 
ing in  that  Stdte,  then  went  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, where  he  found  employment  in  the  Super- 
intendent's otlice  of  Indian  AlTairs,  under 
Edward  U.  (Jrey,  Superintendent.  Mr.  Foster 
renniined  there  one  jeur,  uml  in  the  fall  of  ISt'd 
he  Went  to  the  I'"lorence  mines  in  Maho  and  re- 
mained tiiere,  engaj;ed  in  niininij,  until  18i)2. 
Having  made  considerulile  money  he  then  went 
to  Auliurri,  liaker  county,  and  worked  in  the 
mines  until  18()3.  Ahout  this  time  the  In- 
dians gave  him  a  great  deal  of  troiil)le  and  stole 
a  whole  herd  of  horses  that  he  had  purchased. 
In  18t)4:  he  was  elected  (lounty  Clerk  of  Haker 
county  and  also  acted  as  County  Superintendent 
of  common  schools,  and  after  serving  two  years 
was  appointed  Deputy  I'liited  States  Surveyor 
and  also  Deputy  I'nited  States  Marshal,  lie 
has  also  held  the  office  of  ('ounty  Surveyor  for 
twenty  years,  and  served  as  (councilman  of 
Haker  City  tor  six  years,  hut  for  the  last  twenty- 
two  years  he  has  given  his  entire  attention  to 
his  business  of  surveying  and  engineering.  Mr. 
Foster  is  now  interested  in  the  |)lacer  iidne, 
which  is  yielding  a  very  good  return.  During 
his  long  residence  on  the  coast  he  has  made  and 
lost  money,  as  all  miners  have,  hut  now  is  in 
comfortable  circumstances  and  owns  a  nice  little 
home  in  the  beautitul  little  city  of  Baker.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  men  to  enter  Haker  county, 
there  being  l)Ut  six  in  en  ahead  of  hirn  who  dis. 
covered  the  mines.  In  politics  he  is  a  straight 
Republican,  having  cast  his  first  vote  for  John 
0.  Fremont,  since  which  time  he  has  voted  on 
that  same  line. 

Mr.  Foster  was  married  in  1869,  to  Alice  E. 
Eriand,  born  in  184:9,  in  Pennsylvania,  but  she 
died  in  1877,  at  the  age  of   twenty-six   years, 


lenviiiif  two  nliildron,  Harry  hikI  Linn.  In 
188-1-  Mr.  Foster  nnirrie<l  Mish  Fanny  M.  Moore, 
born  in  Kentucky  in  1857,  and  they  hail  one 
daughtt;r,  Collem. 

|S6  11.  III'F.LAT,  one  of  the  prominent  citi- 
jfWV  /.ens  (d'  La  <irande,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
*^9  Ruby  City,  Idaho,  September  19,  18ti5, 
the  tddest  son  of  J.  and  Surah  (licit)  lluelat. 
The  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Helt  of  Sa- 
lem, u  native  of  Kentucky,  who  cann^  to  Oregon 
at  an  early  day.  Our  subject's  parents  went 
to  (California  wIkmi  he  was  very  small  and  then 
his  mother  came  to  SaliMii,  Oregon.  At  this 
time  he  was  placed  in  the  (tood  Samaritan  Hos- 
pital at  Portland,  where  he  worked  aii<l  received 
a  good  common  school  education,  remaining 
until  he  was  fifteen  years  old,  when  he  was 
bound  out  to  a  (iernum  in  Linn  cxmnty,  >vliere 
ho  lived  and  worked  on  u  farm  until  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of  age. 

At  this  time  Mr.  11  uelat  entered  the  Portland 
Hnsiness  (^(jUege,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1887,  soon  after  securing  a  position  as  book- 
keeper with  a  tirm  in  Pendleton,  where  he  re- 
nniined three  months,  when  he  went  into  an 
express  otHce  for  a  short  time,  after  which  he 
secured  a  position  at  Adams,  llniutilla  county, 
as  bookkeeper  in  a  general  merchandise  store. 
He  proved  hiinself  so  reliable  that  soon  he  was 
given  sole  chaige  of  the  business,  and  wi:"n  the 
business  was  sold  out  to  a  Mr.  Marston  and  the 
store  was  removed  to  Pendleton,  our  snly'ect 
was  continued  in  the  employ  of  the  new  firm. 
Here  it  was  called  the  Chicago  Store,  and  later 
our  subject  was  takei'  in  as  a  partner,  when  a 
part  of  the  rtock  was  taken  to  La  (iraiide.  On 
March  30,  1891,  this  store  was  burned,  but  was 
insured  for  more  than  enough  to  pay  all  claims 
after  the  tire.  He  succeeded  in  buying  out  the 
interest  of  Mr,  Marston  and  took  in  as  partner 
D.  II.  Starbird,  Mr.  Ilnelai  ,till  acting  as  man- 
ager. They  continued  in  business  this  way 
until  February.  1892,  when  they  incorporated 
a  joint  company,  with  G.  W.  Webb  as  president; 
W.  T.  Slater  as  treasurer;  A.  H.  lluelat  as  sec- 
retary and  manager,  and  D.  II.  Starbird  as  one 
director.  The  company  now  consists  of  Welib, 
Slater,  lluelat  and  Starbird,  under  Mr.  Huelat's 
management  and  coi.trol  the  business  has 
grown  to  be  one  of  the  lagest  dry  goods  inter- 


800 


HISTORY    Oh-    OliKGOiW 


ests  ill  eastern  (Jregoii,  eaiTyiiig  u  stock  of 
8(!0,()()0  and  doing  a  l)usinus8  of  ^100,000. 
Tliuy  carry  a  full  line  of  dry  goods;,  ciothini;, 
gents'  fiiriiisiiini^s,  boots  ami  sluws. 

Mr.  lluelat  was  married  in  1888,  Deceinlier 
25,  to  Miss  Rose  B.  Huston.  dauf,'litor  of  Wal- 
terlluston,  of  Linn  county,  born  in   1805. 

Although  Mr.  lluelat  was  thrown  on  the 
world  when  a  small  boy  and  left  to  the  mercy 
of  the  charitable,  ho  ha.s  worked  iiis  way  un- 
aided, until  he  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the 
best  business  men  of  this  part  of  the  State  and 
is  a  true  ty]»e  of  u  selt-made  man.  Politically, 
he  is  a  Ueinocrat,  and  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  lluelat  have  two  sons,  of 
whom  they  are  justly  primd. 


ll^MOS  N.  KING,  a  widely  p-d  favorably 
}lE^  kiu^wn  Oregon  pioneer  of  184:5,  and  a 
*|^j,!osperous  citizen  of  Portland,  was  born  in 
Franklin  county,  Ohio,  April  30,  1822.  His 
father,  Natlian  King,  married  Saraii  Norton,  of 
New  York,  and  tliey  had  ten  children,  six 
daughters  aiul  four  sons,  live  children  still  sur- 
viving. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  si.\th  child 
and  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  lie  at- 
tended the  public  schools  and  learned  the  tan- 
ner's trade.  In  18-10  he  moved  t(j  Missouri, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  running  a  ferry  across 
the  Missouri  river,  when  a  great  flood  destroyed 
his  property.  In  18i5  he  accompanied  his  par- 
ents, three  brothers  anil  tive  sisters,  who  joined 
a  company  of  100  wagons,  and  started  across 
the  plaii;s  for  Oregon.  They  started  early  in 
Vay  ami  ;net  with  many  trials  and  misfortunes 
on  the  way.  A  brother  and  his  wife  died  of 
mountain  fever  and  they  were  sorrowfully  bur- 
ied l)y  the  way.-ido.  The  distressing  exper- 
iences of  that  long  journey  have  never  been 
effaced  from  their  memory,  and  probably  no 
amount  of  money  could  imluce  them  to  repeat 
it.  However,  their  experience  was  that  of 
thousanils  and  it  was  thus  the  West  was  settled 
and  develope<l,  only  three-quarters  reaching 
their  destination  of  all  tho.se  who  started  on  the 
long  journey. 

On  arriving  at  the  Dalles  Mr.  King  and  his 
brothers  const ructe<i  a  raft  of  pine  logs,  which 
were  hauled  from  tiie  hills  by  the,  now  nearly 
worn  out,    oxen.      This   raft    was    made    large 


enough  to  sustain  teu  wagons  and  about  ten 
persons.  It  was  the  montli  of  December  be- 
fore they  reached  their  destination,  and  they 
suffered  from  the  winter  storms. 

The  tirst  winter  was  spent  at  Forest  Grove, 
and  the  fcdlowing  summer  the  family  went  up 
to  a  beautiful  valley,  where  the  father  and  broth- 
ers took  up  claims  and  m.ido  comfortable  homes 
for  themselves  and  families,  the  valley  having 
since  gone  by  the  name  of  King's  valley.  There 
the  father  lived  and  prospered  until  his  death,  in 
1881.  lie  was  a  man  of  intelligence  and  great 
activity,  thoroughly  upright  in  all  his  dealings, 
and  extremely  kind-hearted.  These  (jualities 
made  him  very  popular  with  his  ueigbLjors  and 
his  death  was  universally  lamented. 

Mr.  King,  the  subject  of  this  notice,  I'jok  up 
his  donation  claim  a  few  miles  below  Corvallia, 
on  the  Willamette  river.  Afterward,  perceiv- 
ing that  there  were  prospects  ot  a  city  being 
built  at  Portland,  he  sold  his  right,  and  in  the 
spring  of  IS-tU,  came  to  Portland,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  squatter's  right  to  the  tine  property 
then  on  the  v.'est  side  of  the  town  site.  This 
valuable  property  was  obtained  lor  a  nominal 
sum,  and  contained  500acre8,and  the  city  of  Port- 
land had  just  started.  Here  Mr.  King  engaged 
in  the  tanning  business,  which  he  followed  suc- 
cessfully for  eleven  years,  the  city  in  tlie  mean- 
time gradually  growing,  and  his  property  stead- 
ily advancing  in  value.  In  I85ti  lie  built  his 
present  fine  residence,  which  was  at  that  time 
the  best  house  in  the  city,  the  shingles  still  doing 
good  service,  which  were  put  on  thirty-live  years 
ago. 

When  the  city  had  extended  to  his  property, 
he  platted  it  and  sold  forty  acres  of  it  to  the  city 
for  a  park,  receiving  the  handsome  price  of  $800 
an  acre,  and  since  then  has  been  worth  very 
much  more. 

Of  late  years  he  has  turned  his  attention  to 
building,  and  bus  erected  a  large  number  of 
houses.  IJesides  thishewasoiieof  the  builders  and 
stockholders  of  the  Multinomali  Street  railway, 
which  was  at  tirst  a  horse-car  line,  and  is  now 
an  electric  line,  the  cars  of  which  glide  swiftly 
through  ills  property,  carrying  hundreds  of  peo- 
ple to  and  from  their  elegant  homes  in  that 
i'eautiful  part  of  the  city.  Besides  his  city  prop- 
erty, Mr.  King  owns  several  thousand  acres  of 
choice  agricultural  lands  in  this  State,  some  of 
which  he  is  utilizing  in  tlie  breeding  of  horses 
and  cattle. 

The  transformation  has,  indeed,  been  great  in 


m, 


aitirouY  OF  oHEOoy. 


391 


tile  city  Kiid  its  BuiToiiiulings  since  the  time 
vvlieii  it  tirst  greeted  tlie  view  of  tlie  now  iigeil 
pioneer.  It  was  tlien  scarcely  reclajineel  from 
tlie  rule  of  tlie  aborigines.  Indeed,  the  lonely 
forests  and  beuutifid  and  wild  streams  were  only 
distiirhed  by  the  note  of  some  forest  bird,  or 
the  streams  riitHed  by  the  ripple  of  some  In- 
dian's canoe  and  the  dip  of  his  paddle.  Now 
magniliceiit  steamers  plow  tiiose  waters,  bear- 
ing on  their  decks  liiindreds  of  people,  while 
noisy  mamil'actories  destroy  the  silence  of  the 
otherwise  peaceful  surroundings.  A  proud  city, 
the  metropolis  of  a  magiiiticeut  State,  has  grown 
up  in  the  midst,  great  in  commerce,  education, 
science  and  i  rts,  second  in  size,  perhaps,  to  a 
few  older  municipalities,  but  in  siibstaiitiul 
growth  and  civilization  proudly  elialleiiging  the 
;,om|ietitioti  of  the  world. 

Ill  1S4:()  Mr.  King  was  married  to  Miss  Ma- 
Hilda  Fuller,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native  of 
Ohio.  They  have  had  six  diildren,  four  now 
living.  In  1887  the  family  were  called  upon 
to  part  from  the  devoted  wife  and  mother,  who 
fur  forty-one  years  liati  thouglit  of  nothing  but 
their  welfare.  She  was  a  woman  of  rare  sensi- 
bility, and  her  life  was  the  practical  e.xpression 
of  tiie  noblest  Christian  virtues,  to  which  she 
gave  the  added  charm  of  a  naturally  loving  heart. 

The  eldest  son,  N.  A.  King,  is  a  wealthy 
rancher  it'  Lake  county,  where  he  owns  5,000 
acres  of  clioice  land,  on  which  he  is  raising 
horses.  One  of  the  daughters,  now  Mrs.  Nan 
tillrt  A.  Jeffrey,  resides  in  a  handsome  residence 
near  her  father.  T!ie  other  daughter  is  now 
Mrs.  A.  iumsden,  also  a  wealtiiy  resident  of 
Portland. 

The  younger  son,  Edward  A..  King,  who  lives 
with  his  father  and  assumes  lull  charge  of  cheir 
extensive  real  estate  and  linancial  atl'airs,  >  "as 
born  in  Portland,  March  30,  18G1,  and  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  city,  lie  mar- 
ried Miss  AniiH  Brewer,  in  1880,  a  liighly  es- 
teemed lady  and  a  native  of  Micliigan.  They 
have  two  eliildren,  both  born  in  the  metropolis, 
William  A.  and  Lulu  L.  Mr  Kdward  King  has 
for  several  years  been  the  efficient  treasurer  of 
the  Multnomah  Street  ''ailway.  He  is  now  clerk 
of  the  Hoard  of  Bridge  (^omniissioners,  to  which 
otHce  he  was  appointed  by  the  Circuit  Clourt 
Judge.  He  is  a  good  specimen  oitiie  young  busi- 
ness men  produced  by  tliis  great  State,  which 
grows  nothing  small  nor  insignilicant. 

He  belongs  to  the  1.  O.  O.  I'",  and  also  to  the 


Knights    of  Pythias.      He    and  his    father    are 
Democratic  in   politics. 

Thus  is  given  the  most  important  facts  of  the 
life  of  one  of  t)regon'8  most  eminent  pioneers, 
who  unaided  has  acquired  wealth  and  promi- 
nence, all  of  which  has  been  accomplished  by 
the  most  iionorable  methods  and  with  the  full 
approval  of  his  fellow-men. 


"^■% 


ri:y 


:>>-^3^' 


^'OllN  A.  TllAVEK,  a  jirosjierous  and 
afil  '''8'''y  '^''teemed  business  man  of  Oregon 
"S]^  City,  and  an  honored  veteran  of  the  great 
civil  war,  was  born  in  Williams  county,  Ohio, 
October  22,  1843.  His  father,  Hiram  Thayer, 
was  born  in  New  Vork  State,  in  1812.  He  was 
a  farmer,  and  moved  in  later  years  to  Illinois, 
thence  to  Wisconsin,  aiid  still  later  lo  Michigan, 
lorating  on  a  farm  in  Grand  Traverse  county, 
of  the  hitter  State,  on  which  he  resided  uiiti' 
liis  death,  which  occurred  in  18lj5.  He  was  a' 
man  of  unswerving  integrity  and  great  industry 
and  was  uniformly  kind,  thus  gaining  the  es- 
teem of  all  who  knew  him,  who  sincerely  la- 
mented his  death.  The  faithful  wife  and  de- 
voted mother  still  survive  and  resides  in  Michi- 
gan, being  now  in  her  eigUty-tirst  year.  She  is 
a  woman  of  sterling  (pialities  of  mind  and  heart, 
and  greatly  beloved  by  tlicse  who  know  her. 
This  worthy  cou[)le  had  seven  children,  all  liv- 
ing l)ut  one. 

Their  son,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 
raised  on  his  father's  farm,  attending  school  in 
winter,  and  working  hard  in  the  summer.  This 
continued  until  the  call  for  volunteers  in  18(32, 
to  put  down  the  slaveholders"  rebellion,  when 
he  enlisted,  in  September,  1862,  with  the  boys 
in  blue,  in  (/ompany  A,  Twenty-sixth  Michigan 
Volunteers  Infantry.  This  regiment  acquired 
a  good,  record  in  the  service,  losing  in  battles 
and  by  sickness  one-quarter  of  their  number. 
Mr.  lliayer  participated  with  them  in  twenty- 
nine  hard-fought  battles,  in  most  of  which  they 
were  victorious,  the  following  being  a  list  of  the 
engagements;  Suffolk,  Virginia;  Windsor,  Vir- 
ginia; (yorbiii's  Hridge;  York  iiiver;  Po  River, 
Vii'ginia;  Spottsylvania.  Virginia;  North  Anna; 
Tolopotomy,  Virginia;  Cold  Harbor;  Peters- 
burg; Weldoii  Railroad;  Deep  P)ottom ;  Straw- 
berry J'lains;  White  Oak  Swain|);  River  Sta- 
tion; Peebles  l''arm;  Hatcher's  Run;  Roydton 
Road;   White  Oak  Road;  Sutherland's  Station; 


fflii 


aoa 


UlsroitY    OF    OHKOON. 


Amelia  Springs;  Deatonsville;  Sailor's  Creek; 
llii^h  liridf^i-;  Furmerville;  Apjioiiiattox  Court 
House;  Siege  of  I'etursliurj;.  Tlie  war  then 
ended,  and  his  regiiTieiit  nartieipated  in  the 
grand  review  of  the  victorious  I'nion  Artny 
Before  they  hft  Michigan  tliey  were  presented 
with  a  beautiful  tlag,  wliich  they  carried 
triumphantly  tliroua;h  all  tiie  war.  It  lieciinie 
very  much  tattered  iiy  shot  and  shell,  hut  it 
waved  over  tiic  men  at  the  review,  and  they 
brought  it  home  with  them,  and  it  now  rests  in 
the  archives  of  the  Government  at  the  State 
capital. 

In  front  of  this  regiment,  at  the  l)attle  of 
Spottsylvania,  stood  a  tree,  the  trunk  of  which 
was  twenty-one  inches  in  diameter.  So  terrific 
was  the  tire  at  this  point,  that  the  tree  was  stripped 
of  its  foliage,  and  was  actually  cut  down  hy 
minie  balls,  a  portion  of  it  falling  on  the  men, 
and  injuring  several  of  them.  This  seems  like 
an  exaggeration,  but  it  is  fully  authenticated 
by  men  who  saw  it,  and  the  circumstance  has 
passed  into  the  "  History  of  Michigan  in  the 
War." 

After  receiving  an  honorable  discharge,  Mr. 
Thayer  returned  to  his  home  in  Michigan,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming,  wliich  lie  continued  un- 
til 1873.  lie  then  came  to  Oregon  (Jity,  locat- 
ing on  a  half  section  of  land  four  miles  east  of 
the  city,  '"bich  he  industriously  cultivated,  and 
on  "•' ' "I;  I.  "'lade  valuable  improvements,  in 
I"  '.■■,■  .  r  r'  '(ing  substantial  farm  buildings, 
b  ';o  Miortrtbl ,'  residence  and  good  barns  for  his 
grain  ■  ;  otock,  besides  other  improvements, 
all  tenoing  tofacilitnte  the  producing  and  hand- 
ling of  farm  products.  This  is  tiow  one  of  the 
ehoicests  farms  in  the  country. 

Of  late  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  buying 
and  selling  real  estate,  now  being  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Thayer  iVs  Alden,  who  are  doing  a 
large  real-eslate  and  insurance  business,  repre- 
senting several  of  the  best  companies  in  all  the 
branches  of  insurance.  Their  specialty  in  real 
estate  is  farm  propert}',  but  they  also  handle 
town  proi)erty.  Ihoy  are  very  successful  in 
their  business,  and  are  probably  as  well  informed 
on  land  values  as  any  j)erson  in  the  Northwest. 

In  1877  Mr.  Thayer  was  married  to  Nfiss 
Lucinda  K.  Mcfarland,  a  highly  esteemed  lady, 
and  a  native  of  Illinois.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren, both  born  in  Oregon,  namely:  Mabel  and 
liJuel,  who  are  intelligent  and  active,  and  bid 
fair  to  reflect  great  credit  on  the  noble  State 
of  their  nativity. 


Mr.  Thayer  is  a  Ilepnblioan  in  politics,  and  :t 
worthy  member  of  Meade  Post.  No.  2,  (4.  A.  li. 

He  and  his  worthy  wife  are  consistent  mem- 
bers of  the  I'aptist  Church,  to  which  they  render 
much  valued  assistance. 

Thus  is  briefly  given  the  few  most  important 
facts  of  a  complete  and  busy  life,  ;nany  days  of 
which  was  most  worthily  spent  in  the  cause  of 
suffering  humanity  and  freedom,  and  whosii 
influence  has  always  been  throwi  in  the  scale  of 
right  and  the  uplifting  of  his  fellow-men. 


fOSEIMI  miCHTEL.one  of  the  very  worthy 
pioneers  of  Oregon,  was  born  in  Stark 
county,  Ohio,  in  Uniontown,  November  22, 
1880.  Mis  father,  Michael  JJnchtel,  was  a  na- 
tive of  the  same  county  and  of  German  ances- 
try who  settled  in  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  the  early  day  of  that  section.  His  father 
married  Miss  Mary  Harvey,  the  daughter  of 
Job  Harvey,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  of 
English  ancestry.  Of  their  four  children  only 
two  are  now  living.  Mr.  Biiciitel  and  a  brother. 
The  father  died  in  1841,  leaving  a  wife  and 
three  children.  Upon  ilr.  Buchtel,  the  suliject 
of  this  sketch,  devolved  the  care  of  his  niothcr 
and  the  other  children,  and  inost  faithfully  did 
he  endeavor  to  perform  the  sacred  trust.  Pre- 
viousto  his  father's  death  the  family  had  removed 
to  IJrbana,  Champaign  county.  Illinois,  and  for 
two  years,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  the 
father  was  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
shingles. 

As  he  grew  up  young  Buchtel  flrst  worked 
for  four  years  at  tiie  tailor's  trade,  but  it  was 
not  congenial  to  him,  and  he  was  employed 
some  in  farming,  clerking  in  a  store,  anil  later 
held  the  oflice  of  Deputy  Sheri"' of  Chuinpaign 
county;  and  while  acting  in  that  capacity  he 
had  frequent  occasion  to  meet  both  .Vbi'aham 
Lincoln  and  Stei>hen  A.  Douglas,  as  Urbana, 
his  town,  was  at  difl'erent  times  in  their  circuit. 

On  April  2;3,  1852,  Mr.  Buchtel  started  upon 
the  long  and  perilous  journey  across  the  plains 
and  mountains  to  Oregon,  in  the  compaisy  i' 
Mr.  I.  Iv.  .Moores,  who  was  ai,orwa;r  ;•  xiost 
worthy  pioneer  of  this  State.  Mr.  inichtel'-:, 
part  in  the  journey  was  to  drive  oi  o  of  llumc 
large  o.\  teams  employed  in  hauling  a  heavily 
loaded  emigrant  wagon.  The  journey  lasted 
six  months    and    was   full    of   incident.     They 


\ 


lUtiTOUY    OF    OliEOON. 


were  harassed  liy  tim  Iiulians,  atid  near  tlic  end. 
of  the  trip  were  short  of  provisions.  Wlien 
they  reaciiiid  Fort  Boise,  Colonel  Moore*  called 
for  volunteers  to  go  ahead  and  save  eatahies, 
and  Mr.  liuelitel,  with  si.\  otliers,  took  a  small 
amoimt  of  food  and  canie  on  in  advance  of  the 
Company.  Two  days  before  they  readied  the 
Diiiles  they  were  entirely  without  food,  were 
worn  out  and  almost  starved  to  death.  Three  of 
the  men,  inclndini;  Mr.  Hnchtel,  reached  the 
Dalles  Septemlier  3.  Four  of  the  number  had 
given  out,  heeoming  niuihle  to  keep  up.  Mr. 
Bnclitel  had  given  every  cent  of  his  money  and 
tlie  ifreater  portion  of  his  food  to  his  comrade, 
Nate  Therman,  who  was  sick  and  unable  to 
proceed;  later  he  recovered  and  came  on 
through.  Mr.  I'uchtel  completed  the  journey 
in  !'  destitute  condition,  reaching  Portland  in 
September,  1852,  weak  from  hunger  and  fatigue 
and  destitute  of  funds  with  which  to  buy  bread. 
Oiu!  of  the  |)arty  had  saved  82,  and  with  that 
they  subsisted  until  Mr.  Buchtel  succeeded  in 
getting  work. 

He  met  a  man  on  horseback,  to  whom  he  ap- 
pealed for  work.  It  proved  to  be  Colonel 
Backenstos.  After  some  |)ersuasion  of  an  ur- 
gent nature  the  Colonel  permitted  him  to  cut  a 
patch  of  oats  with  a  scythe.  The  oats  were 
heavy  and  lodged,  but  Mr.  Buchtel,  weak  and 
unable  to  labor  as  he  was,  succeeded  in  getting 
the  oats  down  and  raked  up  in  five  days;  and, 
notwithstanding  the  work  was  not  worth  it, 
the  Colonel  ma<le  him  take  §25,  which  relieved 
his  need  and  for  which  he  w.is  ever  afterward 
sincerely  gratef\il.  Later  he  had  the  pleasure 
of  substantially  aiding  the  family  of  hii  bene- 
fact(U'. 

Next  he  cut  wood  and  loaded  vessels  with 
lumber,  and  still  later  obtained  a  position  on  a 
boat,  the  Shoalwatcr,  lie  worked  five  winters  on 
the  Willamette  river,  but  followed  the  dacnerreo- 
type  business  during  the  intervening  summer 
seasims.  For  this  he  ha<l  purchased  an  outfit  in 
1853,  started  the  business  in  the  (Canton  house, 
and  he  afterward  followed  it  in  Portland  for 
thirty-five  years.  In  all  the  great  improvements 
made  in  the  photographic  art  since  that  time 
Mr.  Buchtel  was  the  ])ioneer  artist  in  Portland. 
He  is  a  man  of  great  physical  ability  and  of 
equally  great  pn^sence  of  mind,  and  was  thus 
capable,  in  many  cases  of  eniergenoy,  of  rescu- 
ing persons  from  iinmiiKHit  danger  and  death, 
and  his  services  in  this  direction  have  been  very 
valuable  to  his   fellow-men.     For   many  years, 


also,  he  has  been  an  expert  base- ball  player,  aa 
pitcher,  and  was  captain  of  the  pioneer  club  for 
twenty  years.  He  was  also  the  champion  '  )ot 
racer,  taking  many  prizes,  and  was  barred  for 
years  on  account  of  his  championship  In  18(55 
he  was  elected  chief  engineer  of  the  tire  depart- 
ment, and  was  re-elected  in  18(50. 

lie  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  and  a  member  of 
the  I.  C.  O.  F.,  of  the  latter  he  was  representa- 
tive to  the  Grand  Lodge,  held  at  Atlanta,  Geor- 
gia, in  1874;  and  the  same  year  he  represented 
the  fire  department  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  as 
chief  engineer. 

His  early  education  in  political  matters  was 
in  favor  of  the  Democratic  party,  but  when  the 
great  civil  war  broke  out  he  was  one  of  the  first 
ones  to  break  ranks  and  join  the  party  for  the 
Union,  anil  he  has  since  been  a  faithful  adherent 
of  the  Republican  party,  taking  an  active  part 
in  the  public  affairs  of  the  city  and  State.  Dur- 
ing the  movement  made  for  the  consolidation  of 
the  city  betook  a  leading  part,  being  iiistru 
mental  with  others  in  accomplishing  the  union. 
For  his  |)art  he  is  entitled  to  much  credit. 
After  the  consolidation  he  helped  to  nominate 
and  elect  an  independent  ticket  of  city  ofiicers, 
in  order  to  break  up  rings  and  secure  a  pure  ad- 
ministration, and  the  result  has  been  good.  He 
was  also  a  prominent  leader  in  the  movement 
for  free  bridges  across  the  Willamette. 

In  1888  he  sold  his  art  gallery  and  engaged 
in  the  real-estate  business,  in  partnership  with 
Mr.  Ball,  the  firm  being  Buchtel  &  Ball,  and 
they  have  invested  in  several  tracts  of  land 
which  tlioy  are  improving  on  their  own  account. 
They  have  platted  and  placed  on  the  market 
several  valuable  tracts  for  others,  making  con- 
siderable money  for  their  customers,  as  well  as 
satisfying  themselves.  In  this  business  Mr. 
Buchtel  is  still  engageil.  In  every  particular 
he  is  a  reliable  dealer. 

Mr.  Buchtel  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Mult- 
nomah county,  Oregon,  June,  1882,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  for  two  years. 

Time  has  dealt  gently  with  him,  and  while 
he  is  in  his  sixty-second  year  he  looks  ytmiig 
for  fifty,  having  a  splendid  constitution  and 
preserving  temperate  habits;  and  he  has  there- 
fore a  promise  of  long  life  ahead  of  him. 

He  was  married  in  1855,  to  Miss  Josephine 
Latoiirette.  a  native  of  Michigan  and  a  descend- 
ant of  one  of  the  Fnuich  families  who  early  set- 
tled in  America.  They  have  had  seven  children, 
namely:  Albert,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty- 


394 


HISTORY    OF    OREaON. 


tliree;  Joe,  who  dieil  at  tlio  mcto  ot'  seven  j'eai's; 
Frank,  Archie,  Fred;  Lillie,  who  is  the  wife  of 
Norwood  L.  Curry,  eon  of  tiie  late  (lovernor 
(■reorge  i^.  (hirr}';  and  addie  who  married  W.  G. 
Kerns  of  the  Dalles.  'I'he  two  sons  are  reiialile 
young  business  men,  and  the  ^'-ut'tfest  isattend- 
ing  school. 


'UOMAS  W.  SUl.LIVAN  does  not,  like 
Ajax,  defy  the  lightning,  but  rather  con- 
trols it,  in  his  position  as  chief  enginter 
ami  drauijhtsnian  of  the  Portland  General 
Klectric  Gonipany,  designinj^  and  construct- 
iiij;  the  plants  as  he  does  for  developing  the 
great  power  of  tiie  Willamette  falls  at  Oregon 
City,  G  egon,  by  means  of  which  the  electric 
current  generates  after  being  transmitted  on 
aerial  wires  a  distance  of  tiiirtecii  miles  to 
Portland,  makes  resplendent  with  electric  light 
the  i)eautiful  metropolis  of  Oregon,  as  well  as 
supplying  her  varied  industries  with  economical 
power. 

He  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  was  born  in 
Tralee,  Kerry  county,  January  1,  1802.  His 
parents  were  Florance  and  Elizabeth  (Talbot) 
Sullivan,  who  came  to  the  Unitiid  States,  in 
1S()3,  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  one 
year  and  four  months  of  age.  They  resided 
in  New  ^'(jrkcity  a  year,  when  they  removed  to 
Rome,  Oneida  county,  where  their  son  was  reared 
and  educated.  He  then  went  to  Oswego,  Os- 
wego county,  where  he  began  to  learn  the  trade 
of  a  machinist.  It  was  while  in  this  city  thitt 
his  attention  was  turned  to  mechanical  draught- 
ing, for  which  he  discovered  he  had  a  special 
talent.  While  engaged  in  this  work  and  just 
previous  to  attaining  his  majority,  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  tiie  draughting  department 
of  the  Home,  Watertown  and  Ogdeiisbnrg  Hail- 
way  Syi^tem,  which  important  position  lie  re- 
tained for  two  years,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  the  civil  engineering  department  fif  the  same 
(•■mi  [)any,  servi!ig  as  assistant  engineer  for  three 
years. 

He  then  took  charge  of  public  work  on  his 
own  account,  which  resulted  in  his  i-oming  to 
Oregon,  where  he  arrived  March  27,  1889,  in 
the  interest  of  the  Willamette  Pnlj)  and  Paper 
(Jomjiany,  for  the  purpose  of  planning  and  su- 
perintending   the  construction    of   their    large 


•works  at  Oregon  (Mty.  After  com|)leting  their 
mills,  he  accepted  the  position  of  coiistriicting 
engineer  for  the  Willamette  Transportation  and 
Locks  Company,  ami  when  this  company  was 
merged  into  the  Willamette  Falls  Electric  Com- 

Eany,  and  afterward  into  the  Portlanil  General 
llectric  Company,  he  continued  in  the  same  posi- 
tion. This  new  company  lias  ?!5,(K)0,UO()  capi- 
tal, and  is  destined  to  liecomeone  of  the  greatest 
enterprises  in  the  country. 

Immediately  on  locating  in  Oregon  City,  Mr. 
Sullivan  began  to  take  an  active  interest  in  all 
tlie  affairs  of  the  city,  and  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  (Catholic  Knights  of  America, 
Branch  No.  647.  At  the  time  of  its  incorpora- 
tion, he  was  elected  its  President,  which  position 
he  has  e^'l.nently  tilled.  He  also  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Hoard  of  Trade,  and  by  this  means  id 
lending  his  aid  to  the  improvement  and  devel- 
opment; of  the  city. 

He  was  married  in  Oswego,  Now  York,  in 
18S5,  to  Miss  ^I.  Jennie  Wafter,  an  estimable 
lady,  and  a  native  of  that  State.  They  have 
three  children:  Florance  F.,  George  H  and  Sa- 
die M. 

Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  Hepulilican  in  politics,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1891  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Oregon  City,  in  which  capacity  he  is  now  serv- 
ing. Intelligent,  progressive,  independent  and 
liberal  he  works  for  thi;  iiest  interests  of  the 
municipality  which  has  honored  liim  with  its 
leadership. 

He  is  a  worthy  meinl)er  of  St.  John's  (Cath- 
olic (Church,  which  was  the  first  house  of  wor- 
ship ever  erected  in  Oregon,  and  was  formerly 
the  Cathedral  of  this  denomination.  It  is  of 
peculiar  int(^rest  to  ])ioneers  heciiuse  a  greatly 
beloved  and  revered  member  of  that  society, 
Dr.  John  Mcliaughlin  is  buried  near  it.  lie 
was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  Northwest, 
and  is  widely  known  throughout  the  country 
as  a  truly  philanthropic  and  kind-hearted  man, 
his  deeds  of  kinrlness  being  deeply  impressed  on 
many  loving  hearts. 

Mr.  Sullivan  is  a  young  man,  much  younger 
than  his  reputation  and  ability  would  load  one 
to  suspect,  which  is  due  to  natural  precocious- 
ness  and  the  necessity  in  early  life  of  exercising 
his  ability  and  energy.  He  has  many  years  of 
u^efulness  before  him,  which,  judging  from  the 
past,  will  leave  nothing  to  he  desired  in  the 
power  of  Dame  Fortune  to  bestow. 


% 


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W4 


(^    i2^!\J^f^c/. 


HISTOUr    OF    OltKUOS. 


;ii»r. 


:  1  IJ.  I  A  M  S  A  U  G  K  N  T  LA  DD,  tlie 
|)ioiieer,  tlie  [jroininenf  liiiiikcr,  the 
libtTiil  luid  enterprit^iiij;  citizen,  and  tlie 
Clu'iflian  pliiiiiiifliropist,  wiiose  lite  financially 
was  euinniensurate  with  tlie  ijrowtli  of  the  great 
eoininiinwealtli,  of  which  he  was  an  honored 
and  illustrious  citizen,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Holland,  Vermont,  October  10,  1826.  His 
father,  Nathaniel  (ioiild  Ladd,  a  physician,  whs 
a  descendant  of  a  family  who  came  to  America 
in  1033.  He  married  Miss  Abigail  Kelley 
Meail.  a  native  of  New  Hampshire.  They 
moved  to  the  villaije  of  Meredith,  in  New 
Hampshire,  in  1830.  and  in  1833  to  Sanborn- 
ton  I'ridge,  now  known  as  Tiltoii.  Religionsly 
they  were  Afethodists. 

Up  to  his  fifteenth  year  young  Ladd  was  sent 
to  sclioni,  and  then  began  in  earnest  to  apply  him- 
self to  manual  labor  ae  a  farm  hand  on  a  neigh- 
bor's lanil.  Later  his  father  bought  for  him 
tifteen  acres  of  land,  niugh,  rocky  and  wooded, 
which  our  subject  cleaieil  and  brought  under 
cultivation.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
taught  adistrict  school,  which  had  had  the  reputa- 
tion of  being  the  roughest  in  the  region,  battles 
between  teacher  and  pupils  having  been  fre- 
quent. However,  xMr.  Ladd  was  successful  in 
bubdning  the  refractory  pupils  at  the  first  en- 
counter, and  establishing  order,  and  kept  his 
pupils  interested  by  introducing  <juick  methods 
anil  practical  suggestions,  and  so  succeeded  in 
securing  the  respect  of  all. 

About  the  time  of  the  closing  of  the  school, 
the  Hoston,  Concord  &  Montreal  railway  was 
running  its  line  past  Sanbornton  Hridge,  where 
lie  was  then  residing,  and  he  obtained  a  position 
in  the  freight  house  there.  He  continued  in 
this  and  other  work  connected  with  railroading 
until  February  27,  1851,  when  he  started  in  the 
steamer  Prometheus  from  Now  York  for 
Ohagres,  on  the  Lsthnuis  of  Panama.  He  finally 
landed  at  San  Francisco,  whence  he  immediately 
came  to  Oregon,  settling  in  Portland.  Here  he 
at  first  carried  on  a  small  business,  selling  out 
a  few  iirticles  which  he  had  brought  with  him. 
At  one  time  his  affairs  had  reached  so  low  an 
ebb  that  he  was  glad  to  save  payment  of  a  $6 
road  tax  by  digging  out  and  burning  two  great 
stumps  which  stood  in  the  street  in  front  of 
where  the  Esmond  Hotel  now  stands. 

About  this  time  W.  D.  Gookin,  a  friend  of 
Mr.  Ladd's  father,  in  New  Hampshire,  arrived 
in  Portland  with  a  cargo  of  goods.     This  stock 


Mr.  Ladd  sold  out,  and  cleared  by  the  traiisac- 
tian  .$1,000,  which  sum  he  invested  in  arti<des 
of  ready  sale,  and  from  that  time  was  enabled  to 
prosecute  his  mercantile  operations  with  more 
caj)ital.  By  1852  he  was  conducting  and  iiide- 
jiendent  bnsiiie.-s,  and  was  to  some  extent 
interested  with  Mr.  (iookin,  in  a  successful 
business  venture,  which  the  latter  had  made  in 
San  Francisco.  At  this  time  his  business 
habits  were  most  exemplary.  He  was  jiromptly 
at  his  place,  often  being  on  hand  as  early  as 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  in  summer,  to  help 
off  his  customers  with  their  wagon  loads  in  the 
cool  of  the  day.  He  avoided  saloons,  spent  his 
nights  in  sleep,  and  made  it  a  point  to  (jbserve 
the  Sabbath  by  attendance  on  public  worship; 
and  ill  his  business  transactions  he  was  cool, 
prompt  and  ca])able. 

In  1S52  Messrs.  Ladd  and  Tilton  entered  into 
partnershij)  and  continued  in  the  mercantile 
business  until  the  spring  of  1855,  when  the 
former  purchased  the  interest  of  the  latter  in 
the  firm,  and  Mr.  Tiltoii  returned  to  New 
Hamj)sliire.  Three  years  later  Mr.  Tilton  came 
again  to  Portland  and  became  associated  with 
Mr.  Ladd,  forming  the  banking  house  of  Ladd 
&  Tilton,  which  was  opened  for  business  in 
April,  1859.  Ever  oince  then  the  bank  has 
steadily  grown,  and  has  transacted  a  large 
amount  of  the  money  business  of  the  State. 
The  capital  was  small  at  the  start,  but  in  1861 
it  was  increased  to  $150,000,  and  not  many 
years  eiapsed  before  it  was  brought  up  to  a 
round  million.  When  the  partnership  was  dis- 
solved in  1880,  bills  receivable  amounted  to 
upward  of  $2,500,000;  and  so  select  and  sound 
had  been  the  conduct  of  this  business  that  when 
the  bank  made  its  statement,  in  1888,  there 
were  less  than  §1,300  of  this  large  sum  out- 
standing. 

At  first  the  store  and  the  bank  occupied  his 
close  attention,  and  were  the  means  of  making 
his  fortune.  At  length  he  engaged  in  a  num- 
ber of  other  business  enterprises  of  im|iortance. 
He  was  active  in  developing  the  tgricultural 
resources  of  the  State,  having  had  three  farms 
of  his  own  and  five  in  partnership  with  S.  G. 
Reed,  lie  was  lavish  of  his  means  in  this  par- 
ticular, and  did  much  toward  the  advancement 
of  the  State  by  introducing  improved  methods 
and  breeding  fine  stock.  He  also  became  largely 
interested  in  milling,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  he  controlled  about  three-fourths  of  the 
entire  flouring-mill  interests  of  the  Nortnwest. 


U»(i 


insToiCr  OH"  oheoon. 


lie  \vft»  also  itli'iititit'cl  with  wliat  is  now  tlie 
Oivcron  Iriu\  imd  Stuci  ("miipiuiy  at  Oswcjin, 
and  was  a  K'adiiiff  stockiioiiicr  of  tlic  Oregon 
Railway  and  N'aviiration  Company.  I'msides 
these  interests  he  was  one  of  the  largest  property 
holders  in  Portland  and  vieinity,  his  possessions 
coinprisi.ig  many  acres  in  valuable  city  hmd, 
and  a  large  mini  her  of  business  and  r«'sidence 
buildings.  lie  had  the  honor  of  erecting  tlie 
first  brick  building  in  the  city.  His  interest  in 
school  matters  and  ])nbli('  education  extended 
over  a  long  time  and  was  continuous,  lie  having 
been  ainoiigUhe  lirst  to  serve  as  School  Director. 
lie  was  a  friend  of  churclies  and  jiubiic  eiiari- 
ties,  to  which  his  gifts  were  muniticent.  lie 
enilowed  the  cliairs  of  Practical  Theology  in  the 
Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  at  San  Fran- 
cisco in  188(i,  witii  §50.000,  and  gave  several 
scholarships  to  the  Willamette  University. 
Tlirongiiout  a  wide  extent  of  country  few 
chiirciu'S  were  built  without  aid  from  bim.  The 
Library  Association  of  Portland  always  felt  his 
fostering  care.  For  twenty  years  it  has  occu- 
pied the  second  floor  of  his  bank  bnildiiii;.  on 
the  corner  of  First  and  Stark  streets,  free  of 
charge.  It  was  Mr.  Ladd's  custom  from  the 
first  to  set  aside  one-tenth  of  his  net  income  for 
charitable  and  philanthropic  jnirposes,  jilacing 
it  as  a  gift  apart  from  other  funds.  It  is  said 
that  an  appeal  for  siiil'erers,  if  worthy,  was  never 
refused  fiy  him,  nor  by  any  member  of  his 
family;  and  in  fact  he  was  the  iiuiniiicent  leader 
of  subscription  lists  for  all  worthy  objects  and 
public  enterprises. 

During  the  last  war  Mr.  Ladd  was  a  "War 
Democrat,"  since  which  time  he  exercised  the 
right  of  voting  his  own  ticket,  altliough  in 
national  matters  he  voted  of  late  years  with  the 
Rt-'dnblicans.  He,  at  one  time,  held  the  office 
of  Mayor  of  his  city,  but  jiersit-tently  refused 
uominations  tendered  him,  and  declined  to  en- 
ter the  arena  of  political  strife,  so  distasteful  to 
him.  While  he  was  easily  the  master  of  his 
place,  he  was  nevertheless  a  friend  and  favorite 
with  his  workingmen  and  emjiloyes.  lie  be- 
lieved in  liberality  toward  all  who  worked,  and 
also  that  their  rights  and  liberties  should  be  re- 
spected  and  denounced  the  ini(|uity  of  combina- 
tions of  capital  which  sought  to  deprive  trade 
or  labor  of  its  freeilom.  These  qualities  placed 
him  nearer  to  the  hearts  of  the  people  than 
most  men  of  wealth,  and  he  sutfered  as  little 
from  envy  as  any  rich  man  in  the  nation. 

Such  is  but  a  brief  outline  of  the  history  of 


a  man  whose  active  and  enterprising  spirit, 
sound  business  sairacity,  oiien-banded  liln'rality 
and  pronounced  (Christian  character  contributed 
largely  to  moid  the  character  of  a  growing  city, 
and  to  lay  deep  and  broad  the  commercial  honor, 
political  virtue  and  sound  principleo  of  our 
young  commonwealth. 

In  1854  Mr.  I-add  was  married  to  Miss  Caro- 
line A.  Elliott,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  a 
lady  with  whom  he  had  been  acquainted  since 
their  school  days.  To  her  lie  ascribed  a  great 
portion  of  his  success,  saying,  "  1  owe  every- 
thing to  her,  as  she  has  been  to  me  most  em- 
phatically a  helpmate  in  the  best  and  highest 
sense,  a  noiile  wife,  a  saintly  mother  to  our 
children,  always  patient,  thoughtful  and  conr- 
aceons,  she  cheerfully  assumed  her  part  of  what- 
ever load  I  have  had  to  carry.  We  both  started 
together  at  bedrock,  and  from  then  until  now 
we  have  taken  every  step  in  harmony." 

Their  eldest  son,  Williaii!  M  Ladd,  for 
several  years  etficiently  aided  his  father  in  the 
tnanagenient  of  his  largely  increased  Inisiness. 
He  is  an  alumnus  of  Amherst  ('ollegf,  and, 
since  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Tiltori,  had  been  a 
partner  in  the  bank.  The  second  son,  Charles 
Elliott,  is  at  the  head  of  the  large  lloiiring  busi- 
ness, which  his  father  in  a  large  part  created, 
anti  controlled.  The  eldest  daughter  is  the  wife 
of  Henry  J.  Corbett,  a  son  of  Senator  Henry  W. 
Corbett.  The  second  daughter  is  the  wife  of 
Charles  Pratt,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  who  has 
large  interests  in  the  Standard  Oil  Company. 

Subjoined  is  a  copy  of  the  resolutions  passed 
by  the  I'ioneer  Association  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Ladd,  which  evidence  the  affectionate  regard  in 
which  lie  was  held  by  his  contemporaries: 

"At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Oregon  Pioneer 
Association  yesterda  ymorning  the  following, 
which  was  presented  by  a  committee,  consisting 
of  Frank  Dekuin,  11.  K.  Ilines,  T.  A.  Wood, 
J.  C.  Carson  and  James  H.  McMillen,  was 
adopted : 

"WILLIAM  SAKOKNT  LADI). 

"  In  MevKiriam. 

"  The  Oregon  I'ioneer  Society  is  met  to-day  in 
special  session  for  the  discharge  of  a  duty  so 
tender  and  touching  to  the  hearts  of  its  mem 
hers  that  words  are  inadequate  to  the  suitable 
e.x|)ression  of  their  emotions.  So  rapidly  and 
ruthlessly,  for  the  last  few  months,  has  death 
been  claiming  the  most  venerable  and  the  most 


niHroRY    I  IF    DllBdON. 


•A)-, 


illiii^ri'ioiis  of  thoHO  who  l>oi"e  with  ii8  the  hur- 
i\v.\\i  1111(1  8triiggh;s  of  the  roiil  jjioneer  epocli  of 
Orci^oii,  that  our  rapidly  (liiniiiishing  niiinliorrt 
ailiiiniiish  us  that  the  last  of  the  uohle  cDiniiuti- 
ionship  that  reclaimed  the  Territory  of  our  now 
jrreat  and  splendid  State  from  the  unhistoried 
liarharism  of  its  shadowed  aj^es  will  soon  lie  be- 
neath the  soil  of  that  State,  whose  very  existence 
is  the  moiuiiiient  of  their  manly  prowess  and 
their  iutelliijeiit  statesmanship.  While  it  is 
always  nobly  fitting  that  the  builder  should  rest 
at  the  base  of  the  temple  lie  built,  and  the  states- 
man should  find  his  nionuineut  in  the  institu- 
tions and  prosperity  of  the  State,  his  genius 
formed  and  his  ])atriotisin  endowed,  still  to  those 
who  remain  among  the  wearied  toilers  there  is 
an  inexpressible  pathos  in  bearing  their  coiii- 
puuions  in  a  foretime  toil  to  their  last  restinu;- 
place  and  biihiing  them  adieu.  We  linger  over 
their  memory  with  brotherly  affection  and  dread 
to  say  the  word  that  recognizes  their  final  de- 
parture from  us. 

"  This  society  of  pioneers  of  Oregon  never  was 
called,  and  never  can  be  called  hereafter,  to  a 
sorer  bereavement  than  that  which  has  fallen 
upon  our  hearts  at  this  time.  William  Sargent 
Ladcl,  a  beloved  member  of  our  society,  and  its 
honored  and  revered  president,  passed  away  from 
earth  at  his  home  in  this  city,  on  the  Oth  day 
of  January,  1893,  at  the  age  of  sixty-six  years. 

lie  was  a  pioneer  of  1851,  coming  to  this 
place  when  but  twenty-five  years  of  age.  No 
more  active  and  powerful  and  resourceful  per- 
sonality ever  entered  Oregon  than  was  this  pio 
neer.  No  individual  character  ever  more  fully 
apprehended  and  embodied  the  genious  and 
possibilities  of  the  Oregon  that  was  to  be  than 
did  he.  None  ever  did  more  than  he  to  enshrine 
that  genius  and  mold  those  iiossibilities  into 
actual,  social,  intellectual,  material  and  even 
personal  creations.  He  was  great  in  the  greatest 
forms  of  organizing  and  controlling  force,  and 
ill  this  he  was,  perpaps,  the  best  representative 
of  the  true  pioneer  spirit  that  has  appeared 
among  us.  As  such  the  society  speaks  of  him 
and  of  his  work  with  ns  and  for  ns.  and  with 
and  for  the  State  whose  prosperity  and  great- 
ness we  all  have  lived,  witii  gratitiule  and  rever- 
ence. Because  this  spirit  was  in  him,  and  in 
such  abounding  measure,  he  rose  in  Oregon 
from  empty-handed  toil  to  abounding  wealth, 
maintaining  unto  the  close  of  his  life  among  us 
the  simple,  unostentatious,  kindly,  yet  brave  and 
vs 


eniluring   spirit   of    the    pioneer,    through   his 
gieat  far  reaching  and  historic  life. 

"This  society  of  the  pioneers  of  Oregon  ex- 
presses to-day,  by  the  adoption  of  this  brief 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  our  beloved  and  re- 
vered president,  our  tender  apjireciation  of  hiin 
personally,  and  our  large  and  grateful  estimate 
of  his  services  us  one  of  our  member,  and 
especially  in  his  oftice  as  onr  |)resiclent  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  The  tenderness  and  con- 
sideration with  which  he  always  greated  the 
pioneers,  which  grew  more  and  more  noticeable 
as  their  number  diminisheil,  and  the  generosity 
with  which  he  was  always  ready  to  respond  to 
the  needs  and  purpuses  of  this  society,  can  never 
be  forgotten  by  ns. 

"On  this  day  of  his  burial  we  join  our  fellow- 
citizens  of  Portland  and  of  all  the  State  in  their 
expressions  of  appreciation  of  him  as  a  man  and 
a  citizen  of  high  character  and  abounding  ])iitrio- 
tism.  We  also  unite  with  the  great  church  of 
which  he  had  been  so  long  an  honored  member 
in  its  lofty  estimate  of  the  place  he  filled  and 
the  work  ho  di<l  as  such.  Most  of  all,  we  ex- 
tend to  his  family  a  sympathy  too  deep  and  too 
tender  to  be  phrased  in  words  on  this  occasion 
of  their  un8i)eakablo  bereavement.  With  the 
exception  of  that  from  the  hearts  of  his  own 
home,  there  will  be,  there  can  be,  no  greener  or 
more  fragrant  wreath  woven  round  the  memory 
of  William  Sargent  Ladd  on  this  day  of  his 
burial  than  that  which  is  offered  by  the  trem- 
bling hands  of  those  who.  with  him,  were  the 
pioneers  of  Oregon.     We  therefore  resolve, 

^^First.  That  a  copy  of  this  paper,  suitably  en- 
grossed and  attested,  be  presented  by  the  secre- 
tary of  this  society  to  the  family  of  Mr.  Ladd. 

^'■Second,  That  the  same  be  spread  upon  the 
records  of  the  society  and  published  in  our  an- 
nual report." 

f(^lIN  M.  BKECK,  one  of  the  pioneer  mer- 
chants of  Portland,  who  has  been  identified 
with  the  city  since  1851,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  April  9,  1828.  llis  father, 
George  Brock,  was  a  native  of  Boston,  although 
the  family  came  from  England  in  lt]34  and  set- 
tled at  Dorchester,  Massachusetts.  They  be- 
came men  of  prominence  in  the  county  and 
several  of  them  participated  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.     The  grandfather  of  our  subject, 


;iOs 


lirsTORY    OF   UllKaON. 


SiimiiuU  Willi  It  I'oston  iiierclmiit,  iiiid  wluni  IiIk 
hoii  was  lioni  lu!  WHS  .--till  in  \\n;  iMisiness,  hut 
liitiT  iiiovL'd  to  a  fm-iii  and  eomitry  seat  on  the 
Delaware.  The  hitter  part  of  his  lifu  was  s])ent 
in  retirunient.  His  m><\  married  Oatiierine 
Isr.iell,  of  .Jamaica,  where  her  father  was  an  Kng- 
lish  ])hinter.  Tliey  had  a  family  of  foiirti-en  chil- 
ih'eii,  of  wJKun  twelve  wen*  raised  to  maturity. 
Moth  the  parents  died  in  tiie  Katit.  They  were 
Kpiseo])alians  and  j;oi)d,  worthy  people. 

.loiin  was  cdncated  in  liis  native  State  until 
ids  sixteenth  year,  when  he  went  to  Wisconsin, 
where  lie  took  a  conrse  in  a  school  i>resi(led 
over  hy  Hev.  IJoyd  lireek.  LL.  !>.,  of  the  Hpis- 
C(>])al  C!hnrch.  lie  continued  to  reside  in  Wis- 
•cinsin  after  he  Knislied  his  course,  part  of  the 
time  lis  fanner,  and  then  came  to  <)reMron  and 
en^aijed  in  the  incrchandise  husinesa  in  I'ort- 
laml.  in  1851.  Allen  it  Lewis,  H.  W.  Corhett, 
if.  Fiiilinfj;  &  Co.,  and  G.  W.  Vauf;iin  were 
prominent  merchants  there  at  that  time,  and 
there  were  several  others,  hut  the  mercantile 
hnsiness  was  still  in  its  infancy.  The  same 
season  that  .Mr.  lireck  arrived  in  ()i-egon 
hronirht  Henry  \V.  Corhett  and  they  traveled 
))art  of  the  way  toijether.  Mr.  Hreck  estiih 
lislied  his  store  and  sold  general  merchandise, 
hoth  at  retail  ami  wholesale,  and  he  continued 
the  hnsiness  until  LSfiO,  then  sold  out  and  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  purser  on  the  Pacific 
mail  steamship  Northerner.  On  her  second 
voyage  she  struck  a  shar])  rock  and  tore  off  some 
of  her  jilanking.  They  were  fifteen  miles  from 
Humboldt  landing.  They  started  the  pumps 
and  thoui;ht  to  make  it,  lint  a  little  later  they 
found  thiit  she  was  tilling  rapidly.  They  turned 
towanl  shore  at  the  fastest  speed  she  was  capa- 
ble of  making,  bnt  she  struck  ahout  COO  feet 
ficHu  shore.  It  was  calm,  just  a  little  before 
dark.  The  boats  were  lowered  and  the  women 
and  children  were  sent  to  the  shore,  but  a  sharp 
frale  springini:  up  it  was  impossible  to  return 
for  any  of  the  otliers,  so  the  engineer  managed 
to  run  11  I'ope  from  the  ship  to  tlie  shore,  and 
orders  were  given  for  the  passengers  to  swim 
along  to  shore  holding  to  this  rope.  It  was 
about  twelve  o'clock  when  Mr.  Breck  received 
permission  to  go,  and  wher.  he  reached  shore 
lu;  found  tliaf  he  and  a  <Jhinaman  were  tfie  only 
outs  wlio  had  made  the  passage  by  the  rope. 
Thirty-four  of  tlie  |>as6engers  and  crew  were 
lost.  Mr.  Breck  was  cured  of  a  desire  to  go  to 
seaatter  this.  Mr.  Aspinwall,  president  of  the 
steamship  line,  was   liis    brother-in-law.  and  he 


ap|)ointed  him  agent  of  the  company  at  I'ort- 
lanil.  He  continued  until  they  sold  to  Ilididay 
and  Flint,  and  Mr.  Ih-eck  continued  with  the 
new  company  for  a  time.  Afterward  he  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business  again,  and  re- 
tailed general  merchandise,  in  which  he  C(ni- 
tiniied  until  lS7i}.  He  then  went  to  California 
and  was  engaged  for  tour  years  ai  IVtiilnma. 
After  this  he  returned  to  I'ortland  and  was  a 
salesman  for  twelve  years  in  the  stiire  of  Meit^r 
&  Kriiiik.  Since  then  he  has  been  in  the  money 
broker  business. 

Ho  was  married  in  18i)4,  to  Miss  Anriio  Ash- 
mead,  of  Lanciu-ter  county.  I'ennsylvani  i.  They 
have  had  five  children:  Annie  A.,  John  M., 
William  A.,  Catherine  11.  and  (ieorj;e.  The 
eldest  and  the  youngest  are  the  only  survivors 
of  the  ciiildren. 

Mr.  Breck  has  Iwen  a  Itepuhlican  since  the 
organization  of  that  party,  and  in  18()1  had  tlie 
honor  of  being  elected  Mayor  of  i'ortland.  He 
has  several  times  been  a  Councilman,  and  also 
County  Clerk  and  butli(?ity  and  County  Asses- 
sor, lie  has  tilled  all  the  positions  that  he  has 
been  elected  to,  with  honor  to  himself  and  the 
good  of  his  city  and  county.  In  1855  Mr. 
Breck  purchased  a  lot  opposite  the  post  office, 
where  they  had  a  small  home  and  and  lived  for 
irany  years,  until  181)0,  when  Mrs.  Breck  sold  it 
for  ;i8"0,000.  They  then  purchased  a  lot  on  the 
corner  of  Corhett  and  Thomas  streets,  where 
they  have  built  a  commodious  house.  It  is  in  a 
beautiful  locality,  commanding  a  view  of  the 
country.  The  two  somewhat  aged  pioneers  of 
Oregon  arehere  spending  the  evening  of  their 
well  spent  "life,  respectecl  and  admired  by  all 
wiio  know  them. 


|;mOBERT  I).  WILS«)N,  a  reputable  business 
C  man  of  Oregon  City,  and  the  senior  mein- 
\  her  of  the  hardware  firm  of  Wilson  & 
Cooke,  is  a  native  of  Canada,  where  he  was  born 
February  2,  1849.  His  father,  George  B.  Wil- 
son, was  born  in  P'.dinburg,  Scotland,  in  1806. 
He  was  married  there  and  in  1832  emigrated 
with  his  young  wife  to  Canada.  He  purcliased 
u  farm  in  what  was  then  the  wilds  of  Canada, 
which  he  industriously  cultivated  and  improved, 
and  on  which  he  still  resides.  His  chihlren 
were  raised  there,  of  whom  there  were  eight, 
seven  now  surviving. 


lllfiTOJli     OF    OIIKdON. 


'I'lie  8ul)ji)ct  of  our  skftcli  was  the  fil'tli  cliild 
mill  wiie  raised  oil  liin  t'atlicr'n  farm  and  attciidtMl 
iliii  ('(iiinfy  scliool.  Upon  attaiiiiiij;  tnanliood 
lie  learned  the  iiiillerti'  trade,  which  he  has  fol- 
IowimI  for  twcnty-tive  yearn  in  varionn  places.  :.i 
Canada,  Washinj^ton  and  Ore^^oii. 

He  saved  his  means,  and  hnilt  n  mill  at  Dal- 
las, in  I'olk  connty,  whicli  had  not  heen  in  oper- 
tion  more  than  six  months,  when  it  was  totally 
consumed  hy  tire,  ami  he  time  lust  in  an  hour 
the  aecumulationH  of  a  litetime. 

Mr.  Wilson,  however,  is  thoroughly  Ameri- 
can, in  that  ho  does  not  waste  time  in  uselesa 
regrets.  He  at  once  resuiried  work  for  wages 
ill  the  Salem  Flouring  Mills,  where  he  eontiiiued 
tor  five  years,  alter  which  he  went  to  I'endletoii, 
where  he  worked  (or  three  years,  then  comiiiir 
to  Orifron  City,  where  he  opened  his  [)resent 
hardware  store.  Tliis  enttirprise  has  so  far  lieeii 
very  successful,  exceeding  Mr.  Wilson's  fondest 
expectations,  and  on  Feliruary  2S,  1H91.  his 
liardware  store  was  biirneil,  which  diil  not  daunt 
liiin,  and  in  one  month  from  the  time  of  his  loss 
he  was  in  business  on  the  same  ground  in  a  now 
and  better  building  than  iiefore,  i)eiiig  built  of 
corrugated  iron.  Owing  to  Ins  lil)eral  methods 
ill  business  and  thorough  reliability  he  has  se- 
cured a  large  trade  of  the  best  class  of  citizens, 
not  alone  of  the  city,  but  from  the  surrounding 
country  for  miles  away. 

He  was  married  in  1870,  to  Miss  Hattie 
Hughes,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  a  daughter  of 

Samuel  Hughes,  a  highly  esteemed  Oregon 
pioneer.  They  have  one  child,  (Jharles  U.  W., 
now  in  his  fifteenth  year,  an  intelligent  youth, 
who  reflects  credit  on  his  native  State. 

Mr.  Wilson  is  a  liepnblican  in  politics,  and 
socially  belongs  to  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

What  is  more  essential  than  all,  however,  is 
the  excellent  reputation  which  he  Injars  through- 
out the  State  where  he  is  known,  or  has  ever 
worked.  Scrupulously  honorable,  of  thorough 
integrity,  correct  morals,  industrious,  progres- 
sive and  courteous,  he  is  calculated  to  achieve 
successs  anywhere,  or  in  any  calling.  He  has 
the  universal  good-will  of  his  fellow-men,  who 
sincerely  rejoice  in  his  deserved  prosperity. 


:^^c-B-^ 


IS  nmont; 


ILLIAM   M.   PATTERSON 
the   many  good   men  who,  during  the 
civil  war  fought  in  defense  of  the  old 


flag.  IJe  is  now  a  respected  and  siiecessful  hor- 
tieiiltiiri-t,  living  on  his  own  fruit  farm  near 
Mount  'i'alior.  lie  was  liorn  in  llliiniis,  in 
1H25.  His  father,  Myron  Patterson,  was  a  iia- 
ti'.eof  Albany,  New  York.  The  family  origi- 
iihted  in  Scotland,  aixl  came  to  this  country 
before  the  lievolulion,  and  several  (d'  Mr.  Pat- 
terson's ancestors  fought  in  the  Ktivoliitionary 
war.  His  father  married  Miss  Catherine 
Dorseii,  of  Long  Island,  and  the  daughter  of  a 
sea  captain.  Tliey  liail  live  cbildreii,  and  Will- 
iam was  the  seeond  child  and  only  son.  Kour 
of  the  family  are  still  living,  two  in  (Jbieago, 
one  ill  Tacoma,  and  ,\[r.  I'atterson  himself. 

The  family  removed  to  Wisi'onsin  wliijii  he 
was  yet  a  child,  and  when  he  beiMiiie  old  enough 
he  Worked  in  the  lead  mines,  where  he  was  imi- 
gaged  when  the  civil  war  broki!  out.  lie  en- 
listed in  the  spring  of  lSf')2,  in  Company  II, 
Twenty-fifth  Wisconsin  Volunteer  Infantry. 
He  was  sent  to  the  Mississippi  river,  and  was  a 
particijiant  in  the  tightingdoiie  by  the  Sixteenth 
Army  corps,  at  the  battle  of  .lackson  and  the 
siege  of  Vicksbiirg,  and  was  in  a  charge  made 
upon  one  of  the  rebel  forts.  It  was  first  ex- 
))lod(Hl  and  then  they  rushed  in  and  took  pos- 
session of  the  fort.  He  was  with  (ieneial 
Sherman  in  his  inarch  to  the  sea  and  with 
him  in  all  the  battles  of  that  famous  cam- 
paign, including  the  battle  of  Atlanta.  From 
Ceorgia  he  came  to  Washington  and  partici 
pateil  in  the  grand  review  in  the  streets  of  that 
capitol  that  their  valor  had  preserved.  Mr. 
Patterson  had  been  twice  wounded.  onc<'  by  a 
ball  in  the  '  <  ,  U  and  later  by  a  piece  of  shell 
which  str'.'  I  if  neck,  but  he  soon  recovered 
from  both  of  his  wounds.  The  physician  said 
that  he  owed  his  swift  recovery  to  the  pure 
condition  of  his  blood.  He  has  never  recovered 
from  the  effects  of  the  noise,  and  is  still  some- 
what deaf,  but  he  has  never  been  heard  to  com- 
plain. He  was  promoted  to  Orderly  Sergeant, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  in  18(5b.  He 
returned  to  his  home  in  Wisconsin  and  the 
peaceful  vocation  of  a  miner.  Here  he  remained 
until  1874.  when  he  came  to  Volo  county,  (,'ali- 
fornia,  and  was  engaged  in  farming  for  several 
years.  In  1885  he  caine  to  Oregon  and  pur- 
chased bis  present  projierty,  ten  acres  of  land, 
for  $3,500.  He  built  a  pleasant  home  upon  it 
and  has  planted  it  to  a  variety  of  fruit  which  he 
has  cultivate<l  with  success.  A  short  distance 
back  from  the  bouse  there  is  a  very  large  spring 
of  excellent  water,  with  a  flow  of   six  inches 


KNI 


jiisronr  <>t'  ohkoon. 


iJii: 


(•ipiistmitly.      Mr.  I'lvtterHDii  Imx  (loclhu'd  nii  iit!'cr 
111  ?ei5.t)(i(»  lor  \\\>  prcpcrty. 

In  lsr)4  Mr.  I'littt  rsmi  wiis  iimriicil  In  ^liss 
•  iiiiu'  l!;uiily.  of  illiiKiiK.  Slic  wtis  tin- ilaiifflitfr 
(>r  (ii'urm'  Hall  ly.  i'(iniiMl_\  Irmn  'IViiiiesHt'ii. 
Tlicy  Imvt.'  liii'I  i'liiir  cliildicii.  The  cldi'.'*!  koii 
ilii'il  ill  ('iiWriiriiiu,  in  lii>  twuntytirpt  yi'iir. 
Tiie  «()ii  V.  iiliain  is  a  (ilcainliont  captain  ami 
pii'it;  l,iiiii<c  ami  .laiiif;*  ai'u  at  lioiiie  with  their 
partiiti-.  Nir.  i'attun-ciii  in  a  iiii'iiilit'r  of  tiie  (i. 
A.  Ik.,  tidw  a  iiicnilifi'  of  Sumner  I'ost.  He  is 
a  licpiililieiiii  ill  |ioliti('s.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'at- 
tersdii  liiive  sli.tred  one  aiiofiier's  jiiys  and  sor- 
rows for  tiiiily-  'ij^lit  years,  and  enjoy  tiie  euteeni 
of  a  li'^tioii  of  fr.emJH. 


'^'n?y<^M^^- 


fAMKS  !!.  vSTKl'llKNScaine  to  Orefron  in 
1844.  and  was  tlie  |)iont'er  settler  of  Hast 
l'i)i'lliiiid.  Iiavin^  taiceii  for  liis  donation 
elaiiii  from  the  (ioveriinient  tiie  section  of  land 
on  wliiidi  Kast  Portland  now  stands.  Mr.  Sto- 
iilieua  was  horn  on  the  line  of  Brook  eoniity, 
Verniont.  ami  Wasliin>;toii  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Noveiiilier  19,  llSOti.  His  ancestry  orij;- 
iiiated  in  Kni^land,  emi^ratiiii;  to  V'ir<;ii)ia  early 
in  the  history  of  the  colony.  Wlieii  he  was 
eii^lit  years  olil  his  parents  moved  witli  their 
litth'  family  to  Iii(iiaiia  ami  wtro  pioneers 
tliere.  He  resided  with  his  parents  on  the  new 
farm,  learninir  the  trade  of  cooper  and  followed 
that  hiuiness  some  time  in  Indiana. 

He  was  married  in  1880,  to  Elizaiieth  Walker 
of  Kentucky,  and  two  years  later  they  went  to 
Hancock,  county  Illinois,  wliere  he  continiie<I  his 
liii^iness  and  estahlished  a  ;;"'icery  store  on  his 
farm.  They  had  seven  (diildren,  Ui.>I  with  them, he 
and  his  wife  started  for  Oregon  across  the  plains 
in  1^44,  and  arrived  tliere  at  Oregon  ('ity, 
Deeeinher  24.  1844.  He  remained  there  a 
year  engaged  in  his  tra<Ie  and  made  1,000  tloiir 
harrcls  for  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  and  400 
Salmon  liairels.  Later  he  made  400  heef  har- 
rels.  in  whicli  heef  was  sliipped  to  the  Sand- 
wicli  Islanils.  In  IS45  he  settled  on  the  hanks 
of  the  Wilhunette  and  continned  his  trade  and 
Willi  his  skiff  he  ferried  the  emigrants  across 
the  river.  AVheii  Portland  was  started  lie  eon- 
tinned  that  business  and  as  settlers  came  to 
Portland  ii  lie^an  to  he  a  place  of  some  impor- 
tance, and  he  estahlished  the  first  ferry  which 
he    continued  for    seventeen  years.     It    is  be- 


lieved that  he  pnndinsed  the  land  claim  on 
which  Kast  Portland  is  built  for  #150  of  a  Mr. 
A.  Davids.  In  ISoO  Mr.  Stephens  made  some 
improveiiients  on  his  place  and  then  iilatted 
Mast  Porlland,  oU'ering  it  for  sale  to  the  set- 
tlers on. their  own  tt^'ins.  He  was  tlius  in- 
Htriimental  in  starting  the  town  on  the  east 
.dde,  and  it  is  said  that  one  time  he  owned 
the  three  sections  of  Iniid  lying  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river.  He  never  dreamed  that 
tli(^  great  city  would  stretch  out  for  miles  aloiijj 
the  east  side  of  the  river  and  embrace  all  of  lii.s 
property  and  for  miles  l>eyond.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Kast  Portland  Bank,  the 
first  on  that  side  of  t!ie  river.  He  i;ave  a  iiiiin- 
her  of  blocks  of  his  land  for  school  purposes, 
one  of  which  l)ears  his  name.  He  was  elected 
one  of  the  first  cominittee  men  of  East  Port- 
land and  held  the  ollice  several  terms. 

Only  one  of  his  children  is  now  living:  Mrs. 
Kli/.abeth  .M('(?alla.  She  became  the  wife  of 
Dr.  A.  M.  Loryea  and  later  married  (ieorge 
Mc(-'allii.  Her  home  is  in  Portland.  His  eld- 
est daughter  married  Mr.  Kdward  Sexton. 
Then  settled  on  a  donation  claim  in  Washing- 
ton county,  where  they  resided  seventeen  years. 
Mr.  Se.xton  died  and  his  wife  returned  to  her 
father  and  died  in  1878.  They  left  a  son,  .1. 
W.  Se.xton,  and  daughter,  Kosctta  Se.xton.  Tlie 
daughter  was  educated  in  Portland,  where  she 
has  resided  for  twenty- two  years.  She  married 
Mr.  Henry  Jones,  and  has  one  fon,  Jame.s 
Harry. 

In  ISfiT  Mr.  Stephens  built  a  large  and 
commodious  residence  in  Kast  Portland,  over- 
looking the  Willamette  river  and  fronting  the 
city  of  Portland.  In  1887  Mrs.  Klizabeth 
Stephens  died.  She  liail  been  a  faithful  wife 
and  mother,  devote<i  to  her  home  and  family. 
Mr.  Stephens  only  survived  her  about  two 
years,  his  death  occuring  of  old  age,  in  his 
eighty-seciMid  year,  March  22,  1880.  He  left 
a  large  portion  of  his  property  to  the  Kaferty 
brothers  of  East  Portland,  who  had  been  life- 
long friends  of  his.  He  left  the  old  homestead 
to  his  gramldaughtei',  Mrs,  Uosetta  Jones, 
witli  two  acres  of  land  now  very  valuable. 
Mrs.  Jones  is  a  lady  of  refinement  and  intel- 
ligence, and  to  her  we  are  principally  indebted 
for  this  brief  sketch  of  her  grHiidfather.  whose 
memory  she  honors  very  highly.  This  is  i.nt 
a  brief  account  of  one  of  Oregon's  |)ioiieers, 
who, -with  his  little  family,  braved  the  terrors 
of  a  journey  across  the  plains  to  the  wilds  of 


nisTvuy  (»/''  DiiKGofi. 


401 


<  )r('j;(>ii,  iiiliiil)it(Ml  Hlinoht  fxeliihivt'ly  l)y  wild 
liuHHrii  iiiiil  tliu  still  wilili'i-  liiiliiiiitt.  All  lioMiir 
i«  iliit)  Kiieli  iiiuii  iiis  he,  who  hiivc  iimdo  Orngoii 
wlmt  it  now  is,  a  (front  coimiioiiwdiiltli.  It  lmn 
Itceti  tlintii)^!) .  the  industry  and  Helf-diMiial  of 
t\wm  tioido  pionuera  that  thesi*  jrrand  remtltn 
liavo  hceii  attained  and  the  wildonieHH  trann- 
t'oniiud  iiiti)  a  busy,  iMitiirprittiiig  Stat(<,  whi-ri! 
couiitltms  luiiiilitM'K  of  pt'oplf  are  carryiiif^  on 
the  variouA  <icuiipatii>n  of  a  civilized  uikI  ad- 
vanced civilization. 


MKS  W.  U()(>TS,onoof  tiie  iiiost  pronii- 
lent  fanners  and  horMciiitnristHof  Clacka- 


fAMKS  W 
iiia«    county,  was    horn   in   {Jliathain,  Kn^- 
iand,  l''el)riiary  IS.  1849. 

llirt  parents  were  .Jaine»  and  Sarali  (Uoleday) 
Koots,  liotli  of  Kni^lisli  descent.  In  IHTjB,  they 
eniiffrated  to  New  York,  thence  removing  to  Illi- 
noit),  where  they  resided  for  u  couple  of  years. 
In  lsr)7,  they  went  to  Kansas,  where  they  pre- 
empted land,  nassinj^  through  all  the  trials  and 
vicissitudes  ol  pioneer  lite,  besides  experienciii^' 
the  added  trouble  of  conflicts  with  border  rutli- 
nns,  and  Indians,  and  tli(!  ruttians  mobbed  liiui 
off' his  lands,  because  of  liis  free-soil  principles 
and  his  efforts  to  make  Kansas  a  free  State.  I?y 
his  courapjo  and  ai)ility,  however,  he  finally  se- 
cured his  laud,  to  which  they  ajraiu  returned. 
On  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  his  sympathies 
were  thoroughly  aroused,  atid  he  ottered  his 
services  to  the  Government,  enlistitig  in  the 
Thirteenth  Kansas  Uegiment,  in  which  he 
served  bravely  and  (efficiently  for  two  years,  or 
until  he  became  disabled,  and  in  consequence 
was  honorably  discharged.  In  ISfio,  he  sold  out 
his  possessions  in  Kansas  and  removed  to  Mis- 
souri, where  he  aided  in  running  the  Bush- 
whackers out  of  the  country. 

In  1869  ho  and  his  family  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon.  They  had  three  wagons  and  several 
mule  teams,  and  were  well  armed  with  guns, 
revolvers  atul  knives,  being  prepared  to  fight 
their  way  through,  if  necessary.  His  wife  and 
four  children  comprised  the  family.  On  the 
way  they  fell  in  with  other  emigrants,  making 
eighteen  wagons  in  all.  A  part  of  them  were 
attacked  by  Indians,  with  whom  they  had  a 
sharp  fight,  and  who  got  away  with  one  of  their 
men,  from  whom  they  never  heard  afterward. 
On  arriving  at  Fort  Kearny,  they  were  retained 


there  until  other  oitiigrants  canu'  up,  as  it  \vas 
not  (•onsid(!re(l  sale  for  them  Id  jirocced.  Their 
nnuib(!i-  w'as  increased  to  forty-live  wagons,  and 
all  who  were  not  well  armed,  were  supplied  by 
the  fort  with  Spencer  rifles.  They  tiien  pur- 
sued their  jouriuiy,  crossing  swollen  streams 
without  bridges,  sometimes  usin:{  from  five  to 
ten  spans  of  muUts  and  horses  to  one  wngoii  and 
floating  the  bed  of  tine  wagon  up  us  high  as  the 
8taiidar(!s,  getting  the  clothing  and  provisions 
wet.  It  took  two  days  to  cross  South  I'latte 
and  tlm  same  to  cross  North  I'latte,  aiui  they 
bad  to  e.xercise  every  precaution  against  a  sud- 
den attack  by  the  Indians.  At  night  when  they 
went  into  camji,  they  would  form  a  corral  with 
their  wagons,  and  tlieir  animals  were  pu-tured 
until  dark  and  then  driven  within  the  inclosnre. 
A  guard  was  diligently  k(!pt  until  day  light, 
when  the  stock  were  again  driven  out  to  pasture. 
Tlu.'y  were  obliged  to  feed  their  animals  the 
best  they  could,  as  their  own  safety  and  finiil 
journey  depended  on  their  teams'  strength. 

On  the  east  edge  of  the  Black  Hills  a  fearfid 
storm  overtook  then!.  The  wind  was  something 
terrific,  while  the  thunder  reechoed  among  the 
hills,  until  the  earth  fairly  seemed  to  treinide; 
over  all  this  the  lightning  came  in  blinding 
sheets,  the  intense  light  of  which  wiis  succeeded 
by  appalling  darkness.  Tents  were  blown  down 
and  covers  torn  from  wagons  by  the  wind, 
while  the  drenching  rain  completed  the  general 
devastation.  The  women  were  in  the  tent, 
while  the  men_  outside  were  trying  to  hold  it 
down,  to  keep  it  from  blowing  away.  On  that 
fearful  night  a  tiny  emigrant  entered  on  its 
worldly  pilgrimage,  adding  itsdistresa  t"  that  eii- 
gendereil  by  the  destructive  storni.  The  storm 
however  passed  away  with  the  night,  and  the 
morning  found  all  uninjured.  Three  children 
were  borti  on  this  memorable  journey  to  Ore- 
gon. Provision  became  very  scarce  in  the 
latter  |)art  of  the  journey,  atid  money,  too. 

On  arriving  in  the  State,  iMr.  Roots  and  hie 
family  settled  on  lan(f  in  Olackamas  county, 
taking  possession  in  the  fall  of  180'J,  and  on 
which  the  father  still  resides  in  peace  and 
plenty,  in  a  good  home,  supplied  with  all  the 
conveniences  that  money  can  provide.  He  has 
been  thrice  married,  the  present  companion  of 
his  old  age  being  a  nice  little  lady,  wlio  was  his 
first  boy  love  in  England,  many  years  ago.  He 
is  now  in  his  seventy-fourth  year,  and  enjoys 
the  good-will  of  all  who  know  him,  because  of 
his  true  worth  and  genial  character. 


403 


HISTORY    0J<'    OIimiON. 


^ 


His  soil,  the  subject  of  i>\ii'  sketch,  spent  tlie 
most  of  liis  time  from  twelve  till  twenty  driving 
team,  freiglitiiii^  \ve?t  of  tlie  MissiBsijipi  river  and 
exiieriencinga  jjreat  many  liardshipsiii  tiuit  capa- 
city, lie  was  ill  his  twentieth  year  wiieiihecrossed 
the  plains.  He  drove  a  tcjuii  from  Kansas,  and 
on  the  journey,  after  providiiii;  for  his  team  for 
the  nii^lit,  he  has  on  some  occasions  taken  a 
hhinket,  and  lain  down  in  the  tall  i;rass  at -a  dis- 
tance, heiny;  fearful  of  lieing  attacked  afld  killed 
by  the  Indians. 

When  till  tiie  plains,  1."  and  a  coinpanion  left 
the  train  at  Sinkey  creek,  to  u;o  to  the  Silver  (Jity 
mines,  to  see  what  they  could  do  there.  When  they 
arrived  there,  there  was  no  work  and  no  water 
to  work  the  mines,  and  they  pursued  their  ,vay 
to  Canyon  City.  Two  days  of  this  part  of  the 
journey  was  spent  without  food,  the  last  of  which 
was  mIso  devoid  of  water,  there  being  nothing 
but  sand  and  sage  brush.  His  feet  became  a 
ciiinplete  blister  from  walking  in  .the  hot  sand, 
and  tlieirsuilerinfT  was  intense, and  at  other  tinu's, 
in  the  Mine  moiintains,  they  had  to  pick  Iwrries 
to  eat  to  keep  from  starving.  His  coinpanion 
died  from  the  eti'ects  of  this  joir'ney.  This  is 
only  one  of  the  many  instances  of  hanlship 
wliich  the  oarly  pioneers  endured,  and  which 
have  made  them  richly  deserving  of  all  future 
pinsperity. 

On  arriving  in  Clackamas,  he  homesteaded 
ItlO  acres  of  land,  located  half  a  mile  west  of 
the  iireseiit  site  of  Clackamas  Station.  This 
land  was  then  covered  with  a  dense  forest  of 
huge  tir  trees,  some  of  which  were  eight  feet  in 
diameter  and  BOO  feet  iiigh.  It  was  an  her- 
culean task  to  clean  up  the  property  and  pre- 
iiaic  it  for  farming  purposes,  and  only  those 
similarly  situated  can  realize  the  toil  and  per- 
severance necessary  to  accomplish  it.  Aft(^r  the 
trees  were  trees  were  felled,  they  made  a  dense 
pile  on  the  ground,  which  was  biirned,  thus  leav- 
ing the  work  but  barely  commenced;  for  great 
stumps  remained,  the  roots  of  which  e.xtended 
like  sinewy  ropes,  twenty  feet  and  more  in 
evt'rv  direction,  all  of  which  had  to  be  carefully 
reinove<l  beliire  the  ground  could  l>e  utilized. 
All  of  this  was  industriously  accomplished,  and 
Mr.  Koots  has  to-day,  one  of  the  finest  farms  in 
the  county. 

A  siiort  time  after  he  settled  on  the  place,  a 
terrific  wind  storm  blew  <lown  much  of  tlietim- 
l)er,  strewing  the  roads  and  snrroun<ling  country 
with  fallen  trees.  The  following  year  a  tire  got 
into  this  fallen  timber,  which  tiireutened  to  de- 


stroy everything  they  had.  His  family  tied  for 
refuge,  and  he  ami  his  neighbors  fought  the  tire, 
linally  succeeding  in  saving  the  house,  but  the 
fences  and   all  other    buihiings  were  destroyed. 

Mr.  lioots  worked  for  fourteen  years  in  the 
paper  mill  of  the  Clackamas  Paper  ('ompany, 
part  of  the  time  occupying  the  posititm  of  fore- 
man and  millwright.  This  mill  was  two  miles 
and  a  half  from  his  home,  wliich  distance  he 
walked,  going  at  noon  and  returning  at  mid- 
night, for  live  years,  when  lie  rode  back  and 
forth. 

He,  at  first  raised  only  vegetables  and  hay  on 
his  farm,  but  as  soon  as  possible,  began  the  pro- 
duction of  different  kinds  of  fruit,  in  the  culti- 
vation of  which  he  has  been  very  successful, 
now  having  one  of  the  tinest  fruit  farms  in  the 
State.  On  commencing  life  on  this  place,  ho 
was  $100  worse  off  than  nothing,  and  now  owns 
about  a  thousand  acres  of  choice  farming  lands, 
about  a  hundred  town  lots,  a  large  and  comfort 
able  residence,  woil  barns  for  his  arain  and 
stock,  and  other  buildings,  all  surrounded  by 
trimly  kept  grounds,  to  wliich  is  ailde  1  an  or- 
chard, second  to  none  in  the  country.  These 
are  a  wonderful  tribute  to  tlie  gi  eat  thrift  of  the 
man,  ^s  well  as  to  the  prod  net  iveness  of  the  soil. 

He  was  married  May  20,  1871,  to  Miss  Eliza 
Ann  Hiekey,  who  crossed  the  plains  in  the  same 
train  as  himself,  which  goes  to  show  that  no 
journey  is  too  long  or  laborious  tor  Cupid  to 
undertake.  Miss  llickey's  father.  Hugh  A. 
Hickey.  was  a  highly  esteemed  pioneer,  who 
died  in  1888,  leaving  a  faithful  wife  ami  family 
to  mourn  his  loss.  The  mother  still  survives. 
To  this  marriage  have  been  born  four  chil- 
dren, three  daugliters  and  one  son:  Ilaltie  S., 
Thomas  A.,  Myrtle  T.,  and  Amy  L.,  all  born  in 
Oregon,  and  reflecting  credit  on  their  native 
county  and  State. 

Mr.  iioots  is  a  prominent  Uepiiblicaii  in  poli- 
tics, taking  a  commendable  interest  '.,  the  af- 
fairs of  his  State  and  country.  He  is  a  respected 
memfier  of  the  A.  ().  II.  W. 

Thus  has  intelligent  and  persistent  effort 
been  rewarded  with  jirosfwrity,  and  what  is 
more  desirable,  the  good-will  of  a'.l  right-minded 
citizens.  '  ,    , 


§ENAN  S.  (ilHSON,  County  Superintend- 
ent of   Instruction  of  Clackamas   county, 
is  a  native  of  the  State   of  Iowa,  born   in 
Monmnutli,  .lacksoii  connty,  Felirnary  2,  1802. 


t 


UIBTOHY    Of    OHBGON. 


403 


m 
xs 


His  ancestry  were  Irish  and  Scotch,  who  came 
to  Virn-iniii  in  tlie  early  liistory  of  that  Slate, 
and  since  vviiich  time  there  lias  been  some 
mixture  of  Englisii  and  Dutch  hlood.  His 
jjrand father,  IJarniou  (iiiiKon,  removed  to  the 
Western  lieservo  in  an  early  day,  engaging  there 
in  farminir,  l)ut  later  removed  to  Iowa,  where  he 
continued  in  the  same  occupation.  He  was  a 
Wesleyan  Mctiioilist,  and  lived  to  be  eighty-six 
year*'  old.  The  father  of  our  subject,  James 
(jibsi,n,  Jr.,  was  the  third  in  a  family  of  nine 
children.  He  was  married  in  Iowa  Mrs.  Emily 
Garrison  in  lH(jl.  In  1807  they  started  across 
the  plums  with  ox  t»)ani8,  and  settled  in  Olack- 
auuis  i-iHinty,  three  miles  east  of  Kagle  ('reek. 
Here  Mr.  Gibson  took  a  homestead  of  160  acres 
and  here  he  has  since  resided. 

(>ur  subject  was  five  years  of  age  wlien  he 
arrived  in  Grej^on.  He  attendci  the  public 
scliools  for  three  months  in  the  year,  and  the 
rest  (>r  the  time,  until  he  was  nineteen,  he  worked 
on  hi>  father's  farm.  At  this  time  he  went  to 
Pierce  Christian  College,  California,  at  which 
he  graduated  in  1884,  accomplishing  a  live 
yeivr's  course  in  throe  years,  standing  high  in 
Ik  his  examinations.  After  leaving  school 
he  taught  in  Colusa  county,  California, 
eight  months,  then  returned  to  Clackatnas 
county,  where  he  has  taught  thirteen  terms,  and 
f(jr  two  years  held  the  principalship  of  the 
Clackamas  school. 

In  March,  18'J2,  Mr.  Gibson  was  nominated 
by  the  Itepublican  party  as  their  candidate  fur 
Superintendent  of  Schools.  He  made  a  success- 
ful Ciinvass,  and  is  now  filling  the  otiice  crr^^'t. 
ably.  Mr.  Gibson  was  married  August  t, 
1880,  to  Miss  Hertha  Martin,  a  native  of  i  )vva, 
born  April  8,  1805.  She  was  the  stepdai.ghter 
of  ^[r.  John  Glover,  an  Oregon  ])ioneer  of  1847, 
and  she  was  educated  in  Clackamas  county, 
whore  she  became  a  successful  teacher.  She  is 
now  I'er  husband's  deputy  in  the  office  of  Super- 
intendent. Mr.  (Tibson  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
().  U.  W.,  in  which  he  has  been  Recorder. 
Both  he  and  his  accomplished  wife  are  people  of 
refinement  and  education,  very  unassuming  in 
manners,  but  enthusiastic  ii:  scliool  work  and 
highly  estemeed  throughout  the  entire  county. 

tONOKAnLE    THOMAS    H.    TONGUE, 
one  of  the  most  prominent  and  able  of  the 
younger  men  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  was 
born  in  England  on  Juno  23,  1844.  His  parents 


were  Anthony  and  Rebecca  (LavJson)  Tongue, 
he  being  their  only  child.  He  was  (idncated  in 
England  until  his  fifteenth  year,  when  his  p.ir- 
ents  emigrated  directly  to  Washington  county, 
Oregon,  where  thev  located  on  a  farm.  Ilo 
was  sent  to  the  Pacific  IJnivorsitv,  at  which  in- 
stitution he  was  graduated  with  honor  in  1808, 
after  which  hj  rci'd  law  with  Hun  W.  I). 
Hare,  being  "  litted  to  the  bar  in  1870.  He 
began  his  {t!r>cti.,f  'r  Washington  county,  where, 
by  close  a|)plic:".'.,ii  to  business,  aided  by  his 
initural  ability  and  acquired  endowments,  he 
soon  achieved  a  jirominent  position.  He  has 
long  liad  intrusted  to  him  niatiy  of  the  most 
important  cases  of  the  C(iunty.  which  he  has 
c»)nducted  successfully  and  well,  receiving  satis- 
factory and  deserved  verdicts.  He  early  espoused 
the  principles  of  the  Republican  party,  l>y  which 
party  he  has  ItLen  several  times  honored  liy 
nominations  to  prominent  official  positions, 
serving,  locally,  as  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
his  city,  and  also  as  its  Mayor,  besides  beloiii;ing 
to  the  School  Poard  for  six  consecutive  years. 
It  was  while  a  member  of  the  latter  boani,  that 
he  assisted  in  erecting  the  fine  school  building, 
now  possessed  by  this  city.  He  was  in  1888 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  served  on  the 
jiuliciary  and  otluT  committees.  It  was  during 
this  session  that  the  all-absorbing  (juestion  came 
uj)  as  to  wiiether  a  bill  shonhl  be  passed  ex- 
empting Portland  municijial  bonds  from  taxa- 
tion. In  op|)08ition  to  this  measure,  Mr. 
Tongue  distinguished  himself,  evidencing  that, 
if  not  gifted  with  a  "silver  tongue,"  he  had  an 
active  member  of  fiesh  and  blood  wliiidi  answered 
all  practical  j)urposes.  His  constituents  were 
so  well  satisfied  with  his  service,  that  they  re- 
elected him,  and  he  served  as  Chairman  of  the 
.fudiciary  Committee  during  the  second  session 
of  the  term,  rendering  the  State  efficient  service 
in  that  capacity.  He  was  Chairman  of  the 
Rej)ublican  State  Convention, held  at  Portland  in 
1890,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Natiomd  (!on- 
vcntion  of  the^)arty  at  Minneapolis,  in  1S!(2,  in 
which  he  served  as  Vice-Priisident  from  Oregon. 
He  has  served  several  years  as  member  of  the 
Republican  State  Central  Committee;  is  Chair- 
man of  the  Central  ('ominittee  of  the  First 
Congressional  District,  and  is  State  President 
of  the  Young  Men's  Repnt)lican  Club.  His 
profession,  has,  however,  claimed  most  of  his 
time  and  attention.  He  helped  to  organize  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Ililisboro,  since  when 
he  has  served  as  oni.  of  its  directors.     In  com- 


404 


inSTOIir    OF    OBEGON. 


U 


,1. 


]iiiii_v  with  otlicru,  lie  has  jiliittod  .-ievcnil  luldi- 
tioiis  to  the  city  of  IlilWhoi'o,  in  which  vuiitiircs 
he  liiiB  l)t'i'ii  very  successful.  He  owns  jiei'son- 
iilly  iilioiit  1,0(10  !U'i'C8  (if  hiiitl  iuljuiniiiif  ami 
lU'iii-  till'  city,  lie,-i(!es  hiivina  interests  in  otlier 
|)arcels.  He  also  interests  liiinself  in  the  rais- 
ing of  trottinir  and  road  horses.  ISesides  tliese. 
he  owns  a  tine  lierd  of  Aysliire  cattle,  and  is 
raising  Berkshire  hogs.  In  the6(>  various  pur- 
suits he  henufits  his  county,  and  more  remotely 
the  community  at  hirjre,  hy  stimulating' the  peo- 
ple toward   the  cultivation  of  that  which  is  hest. 

Mr.  Tongue  was  married  in  1H08.  to  ^liss  E. 
M.  Eagleton,  a  native  of  Indiana.  They  have 
seven  children,  all  of  whom  were  horn  in  Wash- 
ington county.  They  are:  Edith  L..  Edmund 
lliirUe.  Mary  G.,  lieiH'.a  R.,  Thomas  II.,  Jr., 
Ejiiily  Elizahetli  and  Florence. 

Tli'e  Senator  is  a  I'ast  Master  Mason,  and  de- 
livered in  IJSSS  the  oration  hefore  the  (4rand 
Lodm',  which  was  ehujuent  anil  highly  titiished, 
anil  which  was  published  in  several  Masonic 
journals.  He  has  also  taken  an  active  part  in 
the  I.  ().  ().  F.,  of  which  he  is  I'ast  Grand  and 
l'a^t  Chief  Patriarch.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Granite  at  IlillslxM-o,  in  which  he  takes  a  deep 
interest,  advocating  its  advanceinet)t  and  the  best 
interests  of  the  farm. 

During  his  political  career,  he  has  tnade  many 
ehxpient  and  powerful  speeches,  and  has  proved 
himself  to  be  an  orator  of  no  mean  atiility. 
His  life  is  a  counterpart  of  his  wonls,  and  his 
precepts  are  always  reflected  in  his  actions. 


IEOIKtE  lIElUiEN.anativeson  of  Marion 
county,  ()reg(^n,  aiui  one  of  the  most  capa 
)le  and  enterprising  young  husineos  men. 
was  iiorn  .lanuary  2'J,  1855.  lie  is  of  English 
ancestry,  who  came  to  Kentucky  at  an  early 
day,  and  settled  in  Indiana  later,  and  renioveil 
then  to  Missouri.  From  the  latter  State  the 
family  removed  to  Oregon. 

Williiim  .1.  Ilerren.  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  horn  in  Lexington,  Kentucky,  January  17, 
18"i4,  hut  while  yet  in  his  teens  he  removed  t() 
Indiana,  settling  at  (ireensliur^j;  in  that  State. 
At  this  place  he  remained  until  about  1843, 
when  he  changed  his  home  to  Missouri,  where 
he  lived  until  1845.  Then  all  the  family,  con 
sisting  of  his  father's  family  and    twelve  chil- 


dren, joined  an  overland  party  for  Oregon. 
They  started  from  St.  Joseph,  and  after  a  jour- 
ney of  nine  months'  duration,  tilled  with  liard- 
ships  and  misfortunes,  reached  the  beautiful 
Willamette  valley.  The  father  settled  on  a 
claim  five  miles  east  of  Salem,  wliere  he  resided 
up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
18(54,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years.  His  wife 
survived  hiin  eighteen  years,  and  died  in  her 
eighty-fourth  year.  Thej  were  honest,  indus- 
trious and  most  worthy  pioneers. 

The  father  of  our  subject  purchased  n  settler's 
right  to  a  <lonation  claim  of  (540  acres,  four 
miles  northeast  of  Salem,  where  he  engaged  in 
fanning,  and  October  14,  1847,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Evaline  Ilall,  a  native  of  Missouri  and 
a  daughter  of  James  Hall,  also  a  pioneer  of 
1845.  After  marriage  they  resided  on  the  farm 
until  181)8.  when  Mr.  Ilerren,  Sr.,  engaged  in 
the  hack  and  draying  business  in  Salem,  which 
he  continued  for  live  years,  and  then  returned 
to  his  farm,  where  he  reniained  for  two  years. 
At  this  time  he  became  one  of  the  organizers  of 
a  joint  stock  company,  which  built  the  Farmers' 
Warehouse  in  Salem,  and  given  the  manage- 
ment of  it.  in  which  he  continued  for  a  period 
of  six  years  They  then  sold  to  the  Salem 
Flouring  Mill  ("ompaiiy,  and  he  became  the 
manager  of  the  mills  for  three  years.  After 
this  he  engaged  in  the  grain,  wool  and  hop 
trade,  and  continued  in  this  until  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  April  13,  18U1,  when 
he  became  a  victim  of  la  grippe.  He  was  a 
man  of  intelligence  and  of  the  very  highest 
business  integrity;  was  a  valued  member  o\  the 
Patrons  of  Husbandry  and  a  member  of  the 
lodge  of  I.  O.  O.  F.  The  Christian  Ohurcli 
was  tlie  religious  deimmimition  in  which  he 
found  a  home.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  president  of  the  Willamette  Valley  Uop- 
Growers'  Association.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Democrat,  ami  while  never  seeking  ])ublic  office, 
jjreferring  private  life,  he  was  nevertheless 
selected  by  his  fellow-citizens  to  occupy  posts 
of  honor  and  trust,  and  in  1H50  was  elected 
Sheriff"  of  Marion  county.  After  serving  his 
first  term,  he  was  re-elected,  and  later  was  made 
(Jounty  Commissioner.  He  served  several  terms 
in  the  (^ity  (Council  of  Salem,  and  was  urged 
to  accept  many  prominei;t  otficcts,  at  one  time 
becoming  a  candidate  for  State  Treasurer.  He. 
was  a  man  of  fine  business  ability,  and  always 
l)08se8se<l  the  confidence  of  those  with  whom  ho 
was  connected.    Through  his  intiiieiice  the  hop- 


1-  lii 


HISTOUY    OF    OKhKION. 


•!or) 


growiriif  in  this  State  was  frreatly  extended,  and 
it  has  liee.oine  one  of  the  inipurtunt  indnstriea 
of  Oepjn.  lie  left  a  fainil}'  of  five  snrvivinj^ 
sons:  1).  A.,  of  liepner;  A.  W.,  ol'^Salein;  Will- 
ard  II.,  of  Hntteville,  and  Ed.  (!.,  wlio  is  liis 
fatiier's  snecessor  at  Salem.  They  are  a  liighly 
repiitalile  family,  noble  sons  of  Oregon's  most 
worthy  pioneers. 

George,  onr  subject,  was  educated  at  tlie 
Willamette  I'niversity  at  Salem,  an<l  later  at- 
tended lleahl's  Business  (!ollef;e  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, from  which  he  graduated  in  1878.  He 
first  began  business  on  his  own  account  as  a 
clerk  and  bookkeeper  in  a  general  merchatidise 
business  in  Salem,  later  entering  a  wholesale 
commission  house  in  I'ortland,  whicii  handled 
large  (juantities  of  grain  wool  and  hops.  He 
also  traveled  for  a  Portland  wholesale  house. 
Later  our  subject  bfcaine  hookkeo])er  for  the 
State  Insurance  Company  of  Salem,  in  which 
he  was  also  a  stockluildcr,  but  he  resigned  lii^ 
position  to  engai;e  in  the  mercantile  business  iit 
llutteville,   in    which   he  engaged   a  ;  er  of 

years.     When  ho  sold  out  lie  retired  t.  m.t- 

cantile  business,  and  since  that  time  ha;-  at- 
tended to  the  purchasing  and  forwarding  of 
hops. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1880,  to  Miss  Lncella  Gilbert,  a 
native  daughter  of  Oregon,  born  in  Salem  in 
]S()4.  She  was  the  daughter  of  I.  \.  and  Mar- 
guretta  ^Stanton)  Gilbert.  Her  father  was  an 
honcred  Oregon  pioneer  of  184'4,  and  her 
mother  in  1847.  Mr.  Gilbert  was  a  surveyor, 
and  laid  out  the  town  ])lat  of  the  city  of  Salem, 
and  was  also  the  first  (Jounty  Clerk  of  Marion 
county.  He  served  as  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  Cayuse  war,  and  was  one  of  the  rescuers  of 
the  survivors  of  the  Whitman  massacre. 

Mr.  Gilbert  and  family  were  Congrcgational- 
ists,  and  all  are  people  of  the  highest  respect- 
ability. He  was  born  in  1818,  and  lived  to  be 
si.xty  one  years  of  age.  His  wife  survived  him, 
and  died  June  28,  1891.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  llerren 
have  twt  ..ildren;  Newton  Gilbert  ami  Will- 
iam MeKille.  Mrs.  llerren  is  a  moat  estima- 
ble lady,  and  one  of  the  pillars  of  the  Congre- 
fational  Church,  and  of  the  Sunday-school  at 
lutteville. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Hcrron  is  a  Detnoerat,  but 
has  never  been  an  office-holder  nor  an  office- 
seeker.  He  takes  great  pleasure  in  athletic 
sports,  in  hunting  and  fishing,  and  is  a  chatn- 
pion  oarsman  of  ()regon.    He  has  built  a  beauti- 


ful cottage  at  Hntteville,  from  which  he  has  a 
fine  view  of  the  Willamette  valley  and  the  sur- 
rounding country.  The  home  is  one  of  refine- 
ment, and  reflects  the  character  of  its  inmates. 


fB.  IIOLBROOK.— Prominent  among  the 
business  interests  of  Portland,  and  in 
*  the  real-estate  business,  and  high  up 
among  the  successful,  active  men  engaged  in 
the  purchase  and  sale  of  land,  is  the  gentleman 
whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  Mr.  IL^lbrook 
has  faith  in  Portland  and  Oregon  realty,  and 
shows  his  faith  by  investing  in  it  himself  and 
his  helping  others  to  do  the  same  to  the  best 
advantage.  This  makes  him  a  powerful  factor 
in  the  development  of  the  county.  Ills  firm  is 
1".  B.  Ilolbrook  &  Co.  They  succeeded  the  firm 
of  Riggen  iV  llolbrook,  in  1891,  taking  posses- 
sion of  a  business  that  had  l)eeii  organized  in 
1881.  The  present  firm  haiuUes  oiily  valuable 
property. 

Mr.  llolljrook  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  De- 
cern'i-r  fi,  18(53.  His  fath.i.A.  H.  llolbrook, 
foriiiurlyof  iiutland.  Vermont,  moved  to  llills- 
boro.  Wisconsin,  and  vas  a  successful  pioneer 
merchant  of  that  city.  He  married  .Miss 
Lavinia  l>.  Huff,  ot  WilmiiiLrton.  Delaware,  and 
the  daughter  of  Solomon  InfT.  a  c  lutractor 
and  builder  of  I'hiladpl|)liia.  d'hey  had  seven 
children,  of  wl 'iiii  four  are  now  living.  Mr. 
llolbrook  was  tin^  third  child,  and  he  was  raised 
and  educated  in  Woiiewoc,  Wisconsin,  and 
learned  the  trade  .if  Viigonmaker.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  niaiinf^  re  of  wagons  in  sev- 
eral cities,  and  for  iine  with  the  llushford 
Wagon  Compaii}  .  Winona,  Minnesota,  and 
the  Welier  Wagon  Company  of  Chicago.  He 
engaged  in  the  latter  city  to  come  to  Portland 
and  sell  agricultural  implements.  While  he 
was  engaged  in  this  business  he  visited  fre- 
quently every  city  in  Oregon,  Washington  and 
Idaho,  a  great  part  of  the  way  on  horseback, 
and  so  acquired  a  good  knowledge  of  the  coun- 
try, besides  making  the  acquaintance  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  the  section.  As  soon  as  he 
engaged  in  the  real-estate  business  it  was  found 
that  he  was  the  right  man  in  the  right  place, 
and  he  and  his  partner  soon  acquired  the  repu- 
tation of  being  the  leading  real-estate  firm  of 
Oregon.  They  have  a  long  list  of  cnstuiners, 
among  whom  may  be   found   the  representative 


401! 


uisTonr  OF  ouegon. 


\  l!  V!\ 


i;  m 


itifii  of  every  city,  county  and  Statu  in  the 
l'i;ioii.  Tiiey  liave  thns  uccoinplislied  a  great 
work  in  the  hnildinif  itnd  devulopmetit  of  the 
city.  Tiiey  have  tiiousands  of  liolhirs  invested 
in  siiburijan  pnjperty.  and  finely  improved  farms. 
Tliey  jiurchase  vHst  tracts  and  then  cut  tliem  up 
into  loth  itiiu  acre  tracts  and  sell  tliein.  All  the 
suhurhs  that  they  have  orjjanized  are  pi'ovided 
with  every  improvement,  and  some  of  the 
pro])erty  is  as  fine  as  any  in  the  world.  None 
l)ut  the  best  and  must  desirable  people  are  al- 
lowed to  buy. 

^fr.  Ilolbrook  was  married  Jnne  25.  1887,  to 
Miss  Etta  ("orey.  of  Mo.;"v  (Jreek,  ^linnesota. 
They  have  one  dangiiter,  naintl  Helen,  born  in 
I'ortlaml,  Oreifon.  Mr.  Uolbrt'jk  is  a  free- 
trader, a  man  of  character  and  common  sense, 
and  is  very  active  in  his  business. 


I'.  NEWTON,  a  widely  known  and 
highly   respected   Oregon   pioneer,    who 

j»  has  resided  in  Benton  county  more  than 
foriy-tive  years,  was  born  in  Licking  county, 
Ohio.  April  18,  1830. 

His  parents  vie  Abiathar  and  Rachel  (Gar- 
linirhouse)  Neu  'U,  the  former  of  whom  was 
born  August  8,  IsOtJ,  and  the  latter  on  .lann- 
ary  16,  18U5.  They  were  married  October  5, 
1820,  and  lived  for  a  number  of  years  in  Lick- 
ing county,  Ohio,  but  in  1841,  removed  to  Van 
Hureii  county,  Iowa,  where  they  remained  seven 
years.  In  184JS,  they  crossed  the  plains  with 
ox  teams,  to  Oregon,  where,  on  August  18, 
18t)!.t,  the  faithful  wife  and  devoted  mother 
died,  leaving  lier  fi'inily  and  many  friends  to 
mourn  her  loss.  The  father  still  survives,  and 
was  married  in  I'enton  county,  April  2,  1871, 
to  Mrs.  Lydia  1*.  Dodge,  nee  Nash. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  I'eceived  his  edu- 
cation i  1  Ill's  native  county  and  in  Van  Muren 
county,  Iowa.  He  was  reared  to  the  life  of  a 
farmer,  whiih  occupation  he  has  followed  all  of 
his  life  until  five  years  ago,  when  he  engaged 
in  the  livery  business  in  the  tiourishing  town 
of  Philomath,  which  business  he  still  owns  and 
successfully  conducts.  In  188!),  he  also  engaged 
in  the  saddle  and  harness  business,  in  which 
line  he  now  enjoys  a  large  and   lucrative  trade. 

He  still  retains  his  valuable  farm  pr()|)erty, 
which  is  loeati<l  adjacent  to  Philomath,  and 
which  consists  ol'  oU()  acres,  250  of  which  are 
under  a  high  stale  of  cultivation.     He  owns  n 


very  fine  orcliard,  largely  consisting  of  apple 
and  prune  trees.  He  is  also  extensively  en- 
gaged in  stock  raising  and  the  breeding  of 
horses,  priiici|)ally  the  (Hydesdale  bretid,  his 
specialty,  being  draft  horses,  although  his  large 
stables  contain  a  great  number  of  good  carriage 
animals.  He  owns  two  thoroughbred  stallions, 
and  a  number  of  crosses. 

He  was  married  in  1853,  to  Miss  .histina 
Knolls,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  a  daughter  of 
William  Knolls,  who  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon in  1845.  The  family  descended  the  ('o- 
lumbia  river  from  the  Dalles,  Wasco  county,  to 
I'ortland,  in  flat-boats,  driving  their  cattle  along 
the  trail,  making  a  portage  at  the  lower  Cas- 
cades. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newton  have  si.x  chihlren  liv- 
ing: Abiathar  H.;  (.'yntliia,  wife  of  li.  L. 
llenkle;  Walter;  Laura;  Harvey;  Ernest;  Will- 
iam E.;  Etta;  and  Rachel,  decease<l. 

Mr.  Newton's  eminently  successful  life  ex- 
emplifies what  intelligent  effort,  persistently 
a()plied,  can  accomplish,  especially  when  sup- 
plemented by  the  fertile  soil  of  the  glorious 
State  of  (Jregon,  than  which  no  grander  State 
exists  on  the  face  of  the  (iarth. 

fOSEl'H  I).  JOHNSON,  a  prominent  farmer 
of  Ueiiton  county,  and  pioneer  of  1850,  is 
a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  .laekson 
county,  near  Kansas  City,  August  I*,  1S43.  His 
parents  were  Charles  and  Kizia  (Trapp)  John- 
son. The  former  was  Ijorn  in  Tennessee,  and 
emigrated  in  the  early  pioneer  days  to  Mis- 
souri, where  he  was  reared  to  manhood  and 
married.  Here  he  resided  until  1850,  when  the 
family  started  across  the  plains  to  Oregon. 
During  that  long  and  tedious  journey  the  wife 
and  mother  was  taken  sick  with  elmlera  and 
died,  at  a  point  known  as  Asli  Hollow.  The 
family  continued  their  trip  uii  i  they  reached 
Heiiton  county,  where  they  located  and  were 
among  the  early  .settlers  of  the  Willamette 
valley.  Charles  Johnson  was  always  promi- 
nently connected  with  the  history  of  the  county 
until  his  death,  which  occurred,  November  10, 
187(i. 

The  snbject  of  this  sketch  was  the  ninth  in 
a  family  of  twelve  children.  He  has  resided 
in  Benton  county,  almost  continuously  since 
1850,  and  has  been    a  prosperous  and   thril'ty 


1'f^ 


iUSTOHY    OF    OREOON. 


407 


farmer  of  this  section.  Mr.  Johnson  spent 
some  three  years  in  Idaho,  hetween  18(52  anil 
1805,  and  (hiring  that  period  was  actively  en- 
gaged in  mining,  bnt  not  being  successful  in 
that  enterprise,  returned  to  Benton  county,  and 
again  engaged  in  fanning.  II is  present  farm 
consists  of  seventy-tive  acres  adjoining  the  city 
of  Corvallis,  all  of  which  is  devoted  to  general 
farming.  In  1888  Mr.  Johnson  sold  120  acres 
of  his  farm  land,  which  is  now  the  property  of 
the  State  Agricultural  Association,  upon  which 
some  of  their  most  important  buildings  have 
recently  been  erected. 

In  the  city  of  Corvallis,  in  the  year  1871, 
November  21,  our  subject  was  married  to  Mary 
(iraham,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  daughter  of  Dr. 
William  Graham,  whose  sketch  also  appears  in 
this  work.  Mrs.  Johnson  departed  this  life, 
June 25,  1892,  leaving  three  children,  namely: 
Charles  L.,  William  T.,  and  James  E. 

In  political  matters  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  consist- 
ent Democrat,  and  in  1880  was  elected  County 
Commissioner,  in  which  capacity  he  served  his 
county  for  two  years.  Socially  he  affiliates  with 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  has  passed  the  otHeial  chairs 
of  the  Blue  Lodge,  and  is,  at  this  time  the 
presiding  officer  in  the  A.  O.  IJ.  W.  He  is 
also  a  prominent  member  of  the  Patron?  of 
Husbandry,  Grange  No.  242. 


^ 


,V*i 


^ 


fUDGE  WILLIAM  LEWIS  WHITE,  an 
eminent  jurist  of  Oregon  City,  and  an  hon- 
ored Oregon  pioneer  of  185(1,  was  born  in 
New  Kent  county,  Virginia,  August  10,  1819. 
lie  comes  of  good  old  Virginia,  Hevolntionary 
ancestry,  who  came  from  England  in  the  early 
colonial  days,  and  settled  in  Virginia.  His 
grandfather  was  also  born  in  the  Old  Dominion, 
the  date  of  his  birth  being  1748.  who  served  as 
First  Lieutenant  in  General  Washington's  army. 
His  son,  the  Judge's  father,  was  also  born  in 
Virginia,  and  served  his  connti-y  in  the  war  of 
1812.  He  married  Rebecca  Woodward,  a  na- 
tive of  New  Kent  county,  Virginia,  a  member 
of  a  prominent  and  influential  family  of  the  Old 
Dominion.  They  had  si.'c  chihiren,  the  young- 
est of  whom  is  the  subject  of  our  sketch. 

When  but  a  year  old,  our  subject  had  the 
mistbrtuim  to  lose  his  father,  and  at  the  age  of 
six,  was  bereft  of  his  mother.  He  was  raised 
by  his  uncle,  William  White,  of  Spottsylvania 


county,  with  whom  he  remained  until  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  removed  to  the 
western  district  of  Tennessee.  After  six 
month's  residence  in  that  State,  he  went  to 
Louisiana,  where  he  remained  three  ycsars,  act- 
ing as  accountant  in  a  store.  He  thence  went 
to  Texas,  where  he  was  induced  to  join  the 
Texas  Rangers,  under  General  Sam  Houston. 

In  1839  he  returned  to  Tennessee,  where  he 
married  his  cousin,  Mary  Elizabeth  Partlow,  a  na- 
tiveof  Virgini,^.  They  removed  to  Texas,  whence, 
in  1841,  they  removed  to  Missouri.  They  re- 
mained in  the  latter  State  for  nine  years,  or  un- 
til 1850,  when  they  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, bringing  with  them   three  small  children. 

During  the  first  winter  in  this  new  country. 
Judge  White  kept  a  hotel  at  Milwaukee.  He 
then  went  to  California,  lured  by  the  gold  ex- 
citement, and  engaged  in  mining.  He  was  suc- 
cessful for  a  time,  taking  out  quite  a  quantity 
of  gold,  but  spent  most  of  it  in  attempting  to 
turn  the  Scott  river,  which  enterprise  was  a 
failure,  atid  he  had  barely  enough  money  left  to 
enable  him  to  reach  home,  which  he  did  with 
all  possible  expedition. 

He  and  his  family  then  located  at  Canemah, 
where  he  conducted  a  hotel,  in  which  he  was  very 
si'.ccessfnl,  accumulating  considerable  means. 
After  two  years  in  this  business,  he  accepted  the 
position  as  chief  clerk  for  John  B.  Preston,  first 
Sergeant  General  of  Oregon,  which  position  he 
retained  under  the  successor.  General  Gardnei'. 
until  January  1,  1860. 

The  Judge  then,  in  1854,  removed  to  Salem, 
where  he  was  appoinred  Clerk  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  which  was  then  called  the  Council. 
He  served  in  that  capacity  for  a  couple  of  terms, 
when  in  18(i8,  he  was  elected  Chief  Clerk  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of  Oregon,  beir.g 
enrolled  as  Clerk  for  the  years  1870  and  1872, 
and  acting  as  (Jhief  Clerk  of  the  same  body  dur- 
ing the  years  1870  and  1878.  In  1867,  he  pur- 
chased the  (JlifF  House  in  Oregon  City,  which 
he  enlarged  and  greatly  improved,  and  which 
he  conducted,  with  the  exception  of  the  time 
spent  in  Salem. 

In  1874  Governor  Grover  appointed  him 
C!ounty  Judge  of  Clackamas  county,  to  fill  a 
vacancy,  and  in  1882.  the  people  elected  him  to 
the  same  office,  to  which  he  was  re-elected  in 
1880,  serving  for  eight  years,  until  1890.  Dur- 
ing his  long  term  of  office  in  the  capacity  of 
Judge,  he  discharged  his  duties  with  impartial- 
ity and  justice.  He  heard  many  important  cases, 


408 


UISTOItY    OF    OliEQON. 


all  of  wliicli  lie  judged  so  capal)!}'  and  con- 
scii'iitiouslv  that  only  one  was  a|)peaU'<l  from 
his  (U'cisioii,  and  in  that,  the  Circuit  Judge  sus- 
tained .liidire  White's  decision,  liut  the  Supreme 
Court  over-ruled  it,  hut  if  an  error  were  com- 
mitted, it  was  of  the  intellect  and  not  of  the 
heart.  It  was  during  his  term  of  otKce  that  the 
courthouse  and  8us|)cnsion  bridge  were  erected, 
both  of  which  were  a  credit  to  his  judgtnent. 
The  people  of  ilia  county  have  always  attributed 
to  him  the  very  highest  motives  in  the  conduct 
of  his  otHce,  which  alone  is  calculated  to  rejoice 
any  good  man's  heart,  for  we  all  yearn  for  ap- 
preciation. 

The  three  children  who  accompanied  the 
Judge  and  his  worthy  wife  from  the  East,  are 
Ann  Eliza,  who  now  resides  with  the  Judge  in 
Oregon  City;  UebcceaT.,  married  Mr.  ('harlesE. 
Bray,  and  resides  in  Seattle;  Allen  (t  ,  resides 
in  Seattle,  an<l  is  a  dealer  in  mining  stock.  One 
child,  William  B..  who  was  born  in  Oregon, 
died  in  his  third  year.  In  1887,  the  faithful 
companion,  who  for  forty-seven  years  had  known 
n(i  interest  but  that  of  her  husband  and  chil- 
dren, passed  away.  She  w,is  a  truly  noble  and 
lovable  woman,  purely  unseltish,  finding  her 
greatest  happiness  in  that  of  others.  Such  a  life 
could  not  fail  to  make  a  deep  impression  on  all 
with  whom  she  came  in  contact,  as  was  wit- 
nessed by  the  universal  esteem  in  which  she 
was  held. 

Thus  has  an  honorable,  industrious  life  had 
its  reward  in  the  esteem  of  the  public  and  in  a 
competence  for  himself  and  family. 


PR.  WILSON  BOWLHY,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative pioneers  of  Oregon,  arrived  at 
Portland  on  the  first  day  of  September, 
1852.  He  is  a  native  of  New  Hampton,  Hun- 
terdon county.  New  Jersey,  horn  on  the  -tth  of 
July,  1818.  Ilis  father,  Joseph  L.  Bowlby,  was 
born  May  24.  1787.  They  are  of  English  an- 
cestry, who  emigrated  to  New  Jersey  early  in  tiie 
history  of  that  State  and  received  large  tracts  of 
land  from  the  English  Government.  Dr.  Bowl- 
by's  father  married  Sarah  McPherson  of  Quaker- 
town,  New  Jersey,  daughter  of  Johti  McPher- 
son, and  of  Scotch  ancestry.  There  were  born 
to  them  eleven  children,  all  of  whom  grew  up  to 
manhood  and  womanhooi  and  seven  are  still 
living. 


Dr.  Bowlby  was  the  fourth  child  and  he  was 
raised  and  educated  in  New  IIam[)ton,  and 
grad\nite(i  from  the  Eclectii'  Medical  College  in 
Cincinnati,  lie  began  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  Fairfield,  Franklin  county,  Indiana,  where  he 
continued  seven  years,  until  liis  health  gave  out, 
and  he  then  went  to  Oregon.  He  settled  in 
Washington  county  and  has  since  been  identi- 
fied with  the  wonilerful  (frowtli  of  that  count  v. 
In  South  Tualatin  he  purchased  a  claim  of  320 
acres  of  land.  On  this  property  he  resided  and 
practiced  his  profession  until  1860,  when  here- 
moved  to  F((rest  Grove  for  the  school  advan- 
tages for  his  children.  In  1875  he  purchased 
the  drug  business  of  Dr.  Saylor  rxnd  continued 
the  business  with  success.  In  1880  ho  built  a 
new  store  on  the  corner  of  First  and  She  streets, 
and  has  greatly  improved  the  place,  making  it 
one  of  the  finest  business  corners  in  the  city.  The 
Doctor  has  been  enter[)rising  and  energetic,  and 
by  close  attention  to  business  and  thorough 
business  methods  has  built  up  a  very  attractive 
and  remunerative  busin(!8s. 

In  1883  he  built  a  beautiful  residence,  a  credit 
alike  to  the  city  and  to  the  taste  of  the  family 
for  whom  it  was  built.  This  property  on  which 
the  Doctor  resides,  was  purciiased  by  him  when 
he  first  ('ame  to  Forest  (rrove,  and  as  he  has 
made  all  the  improvements  on  it,  planting  the 
trees  and  shrubs  himself,  the  place  has  a  double 
attraction  for  him. 

Dr.  Bowlby  lias  had  the  honor  of  being  elected 
a  member  of  the  last  Territorial  Legislature  of 
Oreiron,  as  well  as  one  of  the  first  State  Legisla- 
ture,  and  in  those  traTisition  days  aided  materi- 
ally in  legislation,  which  has  niade  Oregon  the 
great  commonwealth  she  has  become.  He  served 
with  like  credit  in  the  State  Senate  and  has  the 
honor  of  having  been  I'rosident  of  that  body. 
He  has  also  served  in  the  councils  of  his  city. 
He  has  never  missed  an  opportunity  to  aid  in 
the  upbuilding  of  F'orest  Grove. 

During  the  ci'  il  war  lie  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  enrollment  for  the  army  and  later  re- 
ceived an  appointment  from  President  (traiit. 
of  (Collector  of  Internal   Kevenues. 

He  was  marr'ed  on  tluf  4th  of  July,  1841,  to 
Lydia  B.  .lones  of  Newark,  New  Jersey.  To 
this  union  have  been  added  six  children.  Three 
died  in  infaficy  and  the  others  are;  John  Q.  A., 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Astoria;  Theodore 
F.,  who  is  now  on  his  father's  farfn;  and  the 
third,  Sarah  W.,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  George 
W.  Copelard,  a  resident  of  Spokane. 


aisrOliY     OF    OllKOOS. 


400 


Mrs.  Howlhy  died  on  tlie  27tli  of  Ai.ril.  1883, 
and  Dr.  l>o\vll>y  was  inarricMl  iiirjiin  on  tlie  '24tli 
of  March,  1884,  to  Mrs.  Hllcn  Louisa  liiii'lin- 
^ainu,  the  widow  of  Mr.  llandall  IJiirliiiiraini',  of 
Wisconsin.  iSiie  was  the  (huiii;hter  of  Mr.  Lewis 
(Tiinnison  and  is  a  native  of  Norway,  hut  came 
to  tile  United  States,  when  hut  two  years  ohi. 
She  is  a  graduate  of  Maiioina  college  in  Bergen. 
Mrs.  Howli)y  has  iiad'three  children  hy  lier  first 
marriaire,  of  wlioin  hntone  is  now  living,  Lonisa 
Orcilla,  now  Mrs.  M.  .1.  McMan.  Her  iiusliand 
is  a  lawyer  and  resides  in  I'ortland. 

Tlie  Doctor  has  helonged  to  (he  I.  ().  O.  V. 
since  l84-(>,  and  been  a  meinlier  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.  since  185(1.  lie  and  his  wife  are  botii 
Methodists. 

Sucii  is  the  hriet' history  of  one  of  Oregon's 
representative  pioneers.  Tlie  Doctor  lias  made 
a  record  alike  eredital)le  to  himself  and  the  State 
in  whicli  he  has  resided  forty  years. 


— ^^ti§l:ii):#-!¥ — 

III-:  FIRST  NATION AL  HANK  of  Soiith- 

f^jljiy  ern  Oreiron  is  one  of  the  most  substantial 
banking  institutions  in  the  State.  It  was 
incorporated  December  2,  1889,  with  a  paid-up 
capital  of  §oO,0()().  There  lias  been  no  increase 
of  the  capital  stock  since,  but  a  surplus  has  been 
accumulated  and  the  undivided  profits  represent 
a  coiiitortable  dividend.  Collections  are  made 
at  all  points  in  st)iithern  Oregon,  Portland,  San 
Francisco  ai:d  New  York.  The  officers  are,  J. 
C.  (.'ampbell,  president;  II.  V,.  Kinney,  vice- 
president;  and  R.  A.  Booth,  cashier.  The  fol- 
lowing named  gentlemen  are  the  present  board 
of  directors:  ,1.  C.  ('ain|ibell,  II.  C.  Kinney,  T. 
L.  -lones,  J.  D.  Fry,  E.  A.  Boalich,  U.  B.  Miller, 
and  R.  A.  Booth. 

R.  A.  Bootli,  cashier  of  the  above  bank,  is  one 
of  (i rant's  Pass's  most  progressive  and  enter- 
prising citizens.  During  his  residence  here  he 
has  been  proniinently  identified  with  several  of 
its  most  important  enter|irise8.  He  came  here 
in  1888,  in  the  interest  of  the  Sugar  Pine  Door 
and  Lumber  Company  and  remained  in  their 
employ  a  year  and  a  half  when  the  company 
was  burned  out.  It  reorganized,  increased  the 
capital  stock,  and  Air.  Booth  has  since  filled  the 
position  of  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  He  or- 
ganized the  First  National  Bank  and  has  since 
been  its  manager  Although  a  young  man  in 
years  his  natural  ability,  aided  by   cultivation, 


has  rendered  him  very  popular.  Ilia  qualities 
have  been  recognized  in  the  community. 

Air.  Booth  is  a  native  of  Oregon,  born  in  Vam 
Hill  county.  May  18,  1858.  His  father,  Robert 
is  a  native  of  Lngland,  who  came  to  Xew  York 
in  1824,  became  an  Oregon  pioneer  in  1852  and 
joined  the  Methodist  Conference  the  following 
year.  His  mother  was  named  Mary  Minor  and 
was  a  native  of  Indiana.  Our  subject  was  reared 
in  Douglas  county,  whither  his  parents  had  re- 
moved in  1857.  He  graduated  at  Heald's 
business  (!ollege  in  187!',  niid  for  a  time  engaged 
in  merchandising  and  lui'iber  business.  He 
tauglit  school  in  Douglas  county  for  several 
years  and  for  two  years  was  principal  at  the 
Drain  Academy. 

He  was  married  in  Douglas  county,  May  15, 
1881,  to  Clintona  La  Raut,  a  native  of  Oregon. 
They  have  three  children  living:  Robert  R., 
Floyd  W.,  and  Barbara  W.  Echo  V.,  the  eldest, 
died  August  13,  1885.  In  political  matters  Mr. 
Booth  is  a  stanch  Republican  and  has  been  of 
considerable  service  to  his  party.  He  and  his 
family  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  He  sprang  from  a  long-lived  and  pro- 
lific family.  His  parents  are  both  living  and 
the  family  consists  of  twelve  children  and  forty 
grandchildren,  all  living  except  the  little  child 
mentioned  above. 


^*-t< 


^m^m^ 


*>s^- 


fF.  MILLER,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
pioneers  of  the  Uogue  River  valley,  has 
*  lieen  prominently  identified  with  horti- 
cultural pursuits,  since  1857.  He  established 
what  is  known  as  the  Sardine  Creek  Nursery, 
near  (told  Hill,  over  seventeen  years  ago. 
Many  of  the  largest  and  best  orchards  of  the 
valley,  were  started  with  trees  from  this  nur- 
sery. Mr.  Miller  has  since  started  another  sim- 
ilar business,  in  company  with  his  son,  he  hav- 
ing sold  out  his  other  nursery  in  1890.  He 
and  his  son  have  a  very  fine  nursery  at  Central 
Point,  where  he  will  soon  take  up  his  residence. 
Of  late  Mr.  Milier  has  been  buying  and  sell- 
ing real  estate.  He  is  also  interested  in  placer 
mining  in  the  county.  In  1882  he  organized 
the  Fruit  Growers'  Association  of  Southern  Ore- 
gon, and  has  served  as  its  president  for  four 
successive  years,  and  each  year  since  has  been 
electe<l  to  accompativ  and  take  charge  of  the  ex- 
hibit sent  by  the  association  to  the  North  Pa- 
cific I'ldiistrial  Exhibition,  held  at  Portland. 


410 


nitiToiiY  OF  oiiKOoy. 


■■v.\  \-\ 


Hi 


' 


ri' 


i 


1 

III 


lut  Inter 
)iirsiiitrt, 
8  ]  ires- 
Point,  as 


niii 
flie 


N[r.  Miller  was  born  near  the  city  of  (Miieiii- 
iiati,  Ohio.  Jul}'  31.  1832,  when!  he  was  reared 
and  educated.  His  jiarents  are  Tobias  and 
Jjj'dia  A.  (Kdwards)  Miller;  the  former  beini;  a 
native  of  Ohio,  the  latter  of  New  Jersey,  They 
are  both  livinj^  and  reside  in  .laekson  county. 
The  fathers  of  both  Toiiias  and  Lydia  Miller 
were  patriot  soldiers  and  participated  in  the 
llevolutionarv  struu;j;les.  and  the  war  of  181"2. 
Mr.  Miller  sprin^fs  from  an  e.xceedingly  long- 
lived  family.  His  father  is  now  passed  eij^hty- 
four  years  of  age,  while  his  mother  is  seventy- 
seven'  years  of  aj;e,  and  they  are  both  enjoying 
the  ber  of  health.  Our  subject  is  the  second 
of  eleven  children. 

He  crossed  the  plains  by  oxteam  to  Jackson 
comity.  Orefjon,  in  1854,  and  for  a  few  years 
actively  engaged  in  miiuiif;  pursuits, 
turned  his  attention  to  horticiiltura 
in  which  he  has  since  been  eufjaged. 
eiit  nursery  being  located  at  (Central 
above  mentioned,  consists  of  eight  acres,  culti- 
vated to  growing  all  kinds  and  (pialities  of  fruit 
trees  and  berry  bushes. 

He  was  married  in  I'olk  county,  May  l-l. 
1857,  to  Margau!t  J.  Sutton,  native  of  Illinois, 
daughter  of  Captain  John  Sutton,  of  Morgan 
county,  Illinois,  who  first  came  to  Oregon  in 
1S51.  and  returned  in  1852  for  his  family. 
Tiiey  have  three  living  children  and  three  de- 
ceased, those  living  are:  Mary  E.,  now  the  wife 
of  D.  W.  Dean,  ex-Sheriff  of  Jackson  county. 
Mrs.  Dean  was  the  first  white  child  born  north 
of  the  Rogue  river,  in  .lackson  county.  John 
T.,  and  Maggie  A.  are  still  residing  at  home. 
The  deceased  members  of  the  family  were: 
James  T.  who  died  in  laB'i:  Frank  K.  in  18()8 
and    Curtis  M.  died  November  17,  1889. 

Mr.  Miller  is  a  staunch  llcpublican  and  is 
the  candidate  for('ounty  Assessor  at  this  time 
of  his  party.  He  is  a  pleasant  and  intelligent 
gentleman  and  is  well  worthy  to  till  any  oflice 
that  may  be  conferred  upon  him.  He  is  a 
member  of  1.  O.  O.  V.  and  also  the  Encamp 
ment  degree  of  this  order.  He  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  society  for  nearly  forty  years. 

E^lilAX  MULLER,  County  Clerk  of  Jackson 
county,  is  a  widely  and  favorably  known 
-^i^j^  old    settler    of    this     county,     having 
located  here  in  1855.     Since  that  period  he  has 


been  the  county  servant  in  several  eapacities  for 
some  years.  He  is  regarded  as  a  fixture  in  one 
of  the  most  important  county  otHces,  to  judge 
by  his  reelection,  not  only  i)y  his  own  party, 
but  by  all  who  know  him, 

lie  is  a  native  of  Reckendorf,  Bavaria,  January 
20,  18i}(i.  He  is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of 
five  children,  born  to  Isaac  and  Metta  Miller. 
He  was  reared  and  educated  in  the  kingdom  of 
his  birth.  In  1851  he  emigrated  to  America 
and  engag(Ml  in  iderking  in  a  mercantile  house 
for  a  period  of  four  years.  At  the  end  <if  that 
time  he  had  become  familiar  with  the  English 
language  and  took  passage  in  the  old  steamer, 
"Uncle  Sam,"  via  Nicaragua  for  the  new  El- 
dorado. The  same  year  saw  liim  in  .huikson 
ville.  where  he  engaged  in  clerking  until  1808 
when  he  engaged  in  the  merchandise  business 
for  himself.  He  wa-;  Postmaster  from  1870 
to  1888,  He  was  elected  Comity  Treasurer  in 
18()8,  at  which  time  he  broke  the  ranks  an<l  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  tiek(!t.  In  18S8  ho 
was  elected  to  his  present  office,  was  re-tilected 
in  1890  and  again  succeeds  himself  in  the  year 
18!t2. 

III!  was  married  to  Miss  Louisa  IIess(>,  a  na- 
tive of  Prussia,  June  11,  1868.  They  have  five 
children  living,  namely:  Isaac  M.,  Amelia, 
Hettie,  William  and  Sophia.  They  have  lost 
two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

^Ir,  Miller  is  a  member  of  the  Council  and  is 
a  stanch  niemlxn'  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  A,  F,  &  A.  M.,  I)lue 
lodge;  Chapter  No.  5,  Eastern  Star  degree,  and 
A.O.  r.  W,,  and  is  occupying  oHieial  chairs 
in  both  orders.  He  and  his  wife  are  influential 
members  of  society. 


.l|t|f  II.LIAM  H,  ATKINSON,  president  of 
li\Ml\^  the  Bank  of  Ashland,  and  proniinent  in 
l*-^!rj  the  financial  circles  of  southern  Ore- 
gon, was  JMirn  near  Bradford,  England,  Novem- 
ber 30,  1844.  the  eldest  and  only  son  in  a 
family  of  nine  children.  His  parents  came  to 
America  in  1840,  locating  first  in  Onondaga 
county.  New  York,  and  a  few  years  later  re- 
moving to  Burlington,  Racine  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, There  our  subject  attended  the  common 
schools,  and  later  entered  an  academy  of  .Madi- 
son, and  then,  in  18t)l  took  a  thorough  course 
in    the  Eastman   (Joniniercial   College  of    C!hi- 


11 


m 
I 


HiaTOUY    OF   oumioN. 


411 


ch;;o.  After  returning  to  Wiilworth  county, 
WisconBin,  lie  eiiifiiged  in  milling,  iind  was 
connected  with  that  branch  of  industry  until 
1874:,  when  he  came  to  Ashland.  Since  tliiit 
time  he  has  been  closely  identified  with  many 
of  its  important  enterprises,  both  pul)lic  and 
private.  Soon  after  his  arrival  Mr.  Atkinson 
became  a  stockholder  in  the  Ashland  Flour 
Mills,  r(!presentii)g  u  one-third  interest,  which 
he  held  until  1881.  In  1878  he  became  identi- 
fied as  a  stockholder  in  the  famous  Ashland 
Woolen  Mills,  and  is  now  its  secretary  and 
manager.  The  mills  have  formerly  employed 
upward  of  twenty  men,  and  iias  been  very 
profitable  to  the  stockholders,  but  of  late  its 
output  has  diminished,  heinj;  at  the  present 
time  temporarily  idle.  In  1884  the  IJank  of 
Ashland  was  incorporated,  with  a  paid-up  capi- 
tal of  $50,000,  since  increased  to  $100,000. 
Mr.  Atkinson  was  one  of  its  chief  promoters, 
and  has  been  its  president  since  the  doors  were 
tirst  thrown  open  to  the  public.  lie  is  one  of 
the  stockholders  in  the  Electric  Light  System, 
which  was  incorporated  and  is  said  to  be  the 
finest  in  any  town  in  the  State,  lie  owns  val- 
uable business  property  in  the  city,  located  in 
the  business  center,  aiul  also  has  a  beautiful 
resi<lence  on  Main  street.  The  house  is  a  two 
story  frame,  of  modern  architecture  and  design, 
containing  all  the  conveniences  that  go  to  make 
a  comfortable  home.  The  lawn  is  beautifully 
set  to  plants  and  ornamental  trees,  making  it 
one  of  the  most  desirable  homes  in  Southern 
Oregon. 

Mr.  Atkinson  was  married  in  Walworth 
county,  Wisconsin,  in  1868,  to  Miss  Eugenia 
L.  Curtis,  a  native  of  Monroe  county.  New 
York.  They  have  one  daughter,  Knth.  Polit- 
ically, our  subject  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  political  matters. 
Socially,  he  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
F.  &  A.  M.,  Ashland  Lodge,  Xo.  23,  also  of 
the  Chapter  and  Commandery,  and  has  held  the 
position  of  Worshipful  Master  for  seven  years. 
Ue  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Blue  Lodge 
in  1875,  of  the  Chapter  in  1882,  and  its  first 
High  Priest  and  the  Commandery  in  1890. 
The  lodge  has  a  membership  of  seventy,  and  is 
in  a  flourishing  condition,  The  Commandery, 
Malta,  No.  4,  has  a  membership  of  thirty  and 
Mr.  Atkinson  is  the  present  Eminent  Com- 
mander. Mr.  Atkinson  is  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  has  been 
identified  with  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the 


First    Presbyterian  Church  of    Ashland   Bince 
1875. 


EOKGE  W.  CKOWSON,  a  grocer  and 
commission  merchant  of  Ashland,  was 
born  at  Oherlin,  Ohio,  April  23,  1850,  a 
son  of  George  Crowson,  a  native  of  Leicester- 
shire, England,  as  was  also  the  mother,  now  de- 
ceased. The  family  moved  from  Ohio  to  Min- 
nesota in  1858,  where  our  subject  was  reared 
and  educated.  In  1878  he  took  up  a  home- 
stead in  Dakota,  removing  to  that  State  with 
o.x-teams.  In  1883  they  returned  to  St.  Charles, 
Minnesota,  where  Mr.  Ci'owson  was  engaged  in 
the  grocery  business  until  188(5,  and  in  that 
year  established  the  same  trade  in  Minneapolis, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Crowson  &  Jones. 
This  partnership  continued  until  January  1, 
1888,  when  the  former  sold  his  interest  and  re- 
moved to  Ashland.  He  began  business  in  this 
city  the  following  year,  having  little  capital, 
liut  plenty  of  push  and  energy,  and  by  his  own 
efforts  advanced  to  the  front  ranks  of  Ashland's 
business  representatives.  The  grocery  depart- 
ment, although  only  recently  added  to  his  fruit 
and  commission  trade,  has  already  assumed 
large  and  increasing  proportions,  which  extends 
well  into  the  interior  of  the  county.  Small 
profits,  large  sales,  and  with  all  fair  and  honest 
dealings  has  ever  been  his  motto,  and  no  doubt 
has  been  the  secret  of  iiis  success  in  business 
life.  He  owns  seven  acres  of  orchard  adjoining 
the  city,  known  as  the  Ashland  Butte  Orchard. 
Ml.  Crowson  was  married  April  23,  1878,  at 
St.  Charles,  Minnesota,  to  Miss  Wealthy  W. 
Gallup,  who  was  b.irn  at  Franklin,  Veruiont, 
October  23,  1852.  Her  mother  died  May  18. 
1854,  and  in  1857  she  accompanied  her  father 
to  Illinois,  and  in  1868  to  St.  Charles,  Min- 
nesota. In  1888  the  father  removed  with  his 
eon  to  Hammond,  Louisiana,  where  he  died 
Septf^mber  10,  1890,  aged  eighty  four  years. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ciowson's  two  cliildren.  Winfred 
v.,  born  March  25,  1879,  and  Edith  Nellie, 
born  September  10,  1881,  are  natives  of  Da- 
kota. 

.AMU  EL  T.  SONGEli,   a   resident  and 
practicing  physician  of  Ashland,  was  born 
at   Xenia,   Illinois,   January   21,  1837,    a 
son  of  Frederick  Songer,  a  Virginian  by  birth. 


4r.> 


niHTonr  of  oiihvos. 


V'V 

1 1 


f    ■  !■' 


ami  of  Geriiiiin  descent.  His  parents  were 
early  Kottlers  of  I'emittylviiiiiii.  Tlio  mother  of 
our  subject,  nee  .lane  lluiilin,  \vii»  also  a  native 
of  Virginia,  of  German  and  Scotcli  dencent. 
Tiie  parents  are  l)otii  now  (ieceasod,  tlie  fatlier 
dyin^  Deceniher  30,  1877,  and  tiie  motiier 
January  9,  181*2.  Of  tlieir  eleven  children,  the 
snbjoct  of  tliis  sketch  was  the  seventh  in  order 
of  birth. 

He  enlisted  as  a  poldier  in  May,  18()1,  and 
dnrin^  his  term  i>{  service  passed  thronifh  many 
of  the  noted  en<fai,'enients,  ainonif  them  may  be 
mentioned  I'erryville,  Stone  river,  (Jhicka- 
inanira.  Oliattanooga,  Missioiuiry  Uidge,  Dalton 
and  Kenesaw  monntains.  His  reifiment  was 
the  Twenty-tirst  Illinois  Infantry,  under  Colo- 
nel [I.  S.  (irant,  and  was  first  in  thedepartment  of 
Missonri,  and  later  was  transferred  to  the  army 
of  the  Cnmbuiland.  The  Doctor  was  among 
the  fortunate  soldiers,  receiving  but  two  rtli;^ht 
wo\inds.  He  was  mustered  out  at  01mttanoo;^a, 
Tennessee,  July  5,  18(54,  after  which  he  spent 
a  year  at  his  home  in  Illinois,  in  Missouri  and 
Kansas.  In  18()7  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, graduating  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1871,  and  then  began 
practice  at  Xenia,  Illinois.  Tiie  Doctor's  next 
location  was  at  Fairfield,  Illinois,  where  he  fol- 
lowed his  profession  until  removing  to  Ashland 
in  1884.  In  addition  to  his  ])rofession,  Mr. 
Songer  is  engaged  in  the  In-eeding  of  blood- 
stock in  a  small  way,  and  is  also  interested  in 
mining,  having  (juartz  claims  at  the  Humbug 
district,  Siskiyou   county,  California. 

He  was  married  in  Ashland,  to  Miss  Helle 
Slaile,  a  native  of  Caliform'a,  and  a  daughter  of 
William  Slade,  a  pioneer  of  184U,  who  in  early 
days  was  prominently  engaged  in  mining  and 
journalism.  As  a  citizen  the  Doctor  takes  an 
active  interest  in  politics,  his  natioiuvl  views 
being  decidedly  Itepublican.  He  has  neve/ 
held  office  in  the  county,  but  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  City  Board  of   Health  several  years. 


'^^^^it^-^ 


fAPTAIN  WILLIAM  H.  POPE  came  to 
Oregon  when  he  was  eleven  years  old,  in 
1851,  and  was  raised  and  educateil  in  this 
State.  He  was  born  in  iNew  Vork  city,  De- 
cember 5,  1840.  His  father,  Charles  Pope,  was 
born  in   P^ngland,  August  23,  1807.     He  came 


to  New   York  witli   his  parents,  in  December, 

1811).  His  father,  aUo  mimed  Charles,  was  born 
in  Kngland,  I)ec(Mnber  18,  1781.  He  married 
Miss  Mary  ('liowm  and  came  with  the  family  to 
New  York  city.  They  became  highly  respected 
citizens  of  New  York  city  and  were  members 
of  the  Methodist;  Chn.'ch.  Mr.  Charles  Pope, 
.Ir.,  was  the  seconi]  son  of  the  family,  ami  he 
married,  November  21,  18ii2.  Miss  Sarah  K. 
Archer,  of  New  York  city.  They  had  si.\  chil- 
dren in  New  York  city.  Here  Mr.  Charles 
Pope,  Sr.,  <lied  in  181)4,  and  was  buried  in 
(Treenwoo<l  cemetery. 

In  1851  th(^  family  came  to  Oregon  ami  hero 
the  seventh  child  was  adiied  to  the  family. 
Only  four  of  the  seveii  are  now  living,  one  In 
Washington  and  the  others  in  Oregon  City. 
Tliey  setthid  at  Oregon  City  when  it  was  still 
very  small,  and  Mr.  Pope  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business,  which  ho  followeil  successfully 
for  many  years.  He  was  prominent  in  the 
afi'airsof  the  town  and  was  a  leading  intMubcr  of 
the  Methodist  Ohurcli.  He  was  a  man  of 
strict  integrity,  who  piid  close  attention  to 
business.  He  was  made  City  Trijasurer,  and 
was  still  serving  in  that  cipacity  when  he  died, 
June  11,  1871.  His  wife  is  still  living  at  Ore- 
gon City  in  tlu^  eightieth  year  of  her  age,  en- 
joying the  high  esteem  of  a  wide  circle  of 
friends. 

When  Ciptain  Pop's  beciiino  a  man  he  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business  in  Oregon  CAty 
and  continued  in  it  for  a  short  time,  when  ho 
engaged  in  steamboating  and  purchase  I  the  Cal 
Hope,  -and  ran  her  a  short  time,  and  then  in 
partnership  with  three  others,  built  the  Mult- 
nomah. After  running  her  a  while  they  leased 
her  to  the  Oregon  Railroad  and  Navigation 
Company  for  two  years,  and  thu!i  sold  her  to 
parties  on  the  sound.  Captain  Pope  has  buen 
a  master  of  steamboats  ever  since  for  the  Union 
Pacific  Company,  running  from  Portland  to 
Astoria,  and  part  of  the  time  "rom  Portland  to 
the  Cascades.  He  has  been  exceedingly  f(5rtu- 
nate  as  a  captain,  his  boats  having  never  met 
witli  any  serious  accident. 

Captain  Pope  is  now  running  the  Harvest 
Queen,  a  tug-boat,  and  is  towing  and  piloting 
vessels  from  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  to  Port- 
land. 

He  is  a  Hepublican  in  politics,  and  is  a  very 
intelligent  and  pleasant  man.  He  has  a  very 
wide  acquaintance  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  all 
with  whom  he  has  been  brought  in  contact. 


•('(■('iiitior, 
Was  lidrii 
'  iimi'riLMl 
t'liriiily  to 
respected 
muiiibers 
le.e.  Pope, 

iiiid  he 
iiii'iili  E. 
nix  cliil- 

CliHrluB 
iiried  in 

md  liere 
family. 
;,  Olio  JM 
111  VAty. 
WHS  still 
lie  iiier- 
ii'ssfiiiiy 
ill  the 
Mihor  of 

llllill     of 

tioii  to 
er,  and 
lu  died, 
at  Oro- 
li;(^  011- 
irole  of 

he  en- 
11  City 
'lion  he 
hoCil 
Hioii  ill 

Mult- 

leased 
ij^atiou 

liei-  to 
18  liuen 

Union 
md  to 
llld    to 

foptu- 
ir  mot 

arve^t 

lotin!» 

Port- 

a  very 

I  very 

I)      ■" 

ut.' 


yall 


fcL^mM  JWt^^Y^^' 


» it 


lie  wiiH  inarrie'l  Ftilinmry  IV,   J '*d7,  <..      '  • 
»iu  »h  Keinlili'Vi  «'f    IihIiiiiih,   ami  Un'  'I"-.. 

.'(•11  of  fit'l.Hi.».     Mr.  liiid  M:<'    i  1   ■' 

*i.  '1,  ■^•'■'.■■■«.  (>.>fli  Ixtrii  ill  ''  >4(i'i' 

Tho  CiiptninV  A.iM 

•    (irsl  govi-rii'ir  of  <'r<'- 

ih\'f.    Deufoii  TlitiUiH* 

.    .,  <■*'  wliii'li  liP  w  u  pio 


4^-i  ••...^•:V.v,..,  ,-»|^ 


'umuis. 


418 


laii'l- 

.    '.'.luiiiDiiiirv    WHr 

nm    war   ol'    181U. 

\iiii    (Jaflwker,   H  na- 

'vi<i    nine   chiMran. 

'-,  oHcli  a   son    and 

•  J  ui'<'  still   liviiijj, 

t^'i'iiMil-born,  arul 

■  ill  \u*  niitivd 

■    '.•lackttiniHi!*' 

■  w  »  jvU'"iM'yiii«n, 

.1  i  ■ -VB  ii :.   HrstU<)r<i 

.•'im»yiwi  N'A    v<'»rs 

. .  r,.  '.'    lold  uut  'icM  >     -k 

■••ittimiikg    bu*iin!!*«    :i' 

iiiMiiH':!  for  a  year,  when  'i     ■  uu^cj-. 

iiifi'    the   ('<>iiiitry.   resi.li;:^'    '  vL»Hr.     Itt 

l'^i<!'  ln(  mnvt'd  to  Oliio,  wiit'io  Um  luniioil  for  a 
wliilii.  I.rttci  ill'  mrtvt'ii  to  IlliriciH,  ruiiiainin^ 
tliurc  fiyii  3r:i!i'  fie  Ii«i3  a  sliop  in  eacii  of 
tliwae  piin'^s,  ini.'  lils^ff  Inn  fxporienw  in  Ohio 
lis  lieinjf  on<«  oi  p;rt»»t  itiWrtulty  to  get  iiioiiuy, 
'liore  lii'inj^  lu^tm  thiw*j  j^»  Owl  rime.  Tlipn/  wati, 
liowevor.  plerit.y  » f  h*'!"*  •»  winch  j.ir<Kli»ct  hi* 
took  p'ly  fur  I  i     .1      ■        '    •        IS  thiio   was  nu 

SIB 


tho  <M>Mi^lii<  bar^^aiiied   with    Daniel  S. 

t(>  l(iriii«li   till'  I.>irrel8,  and  li«  and  Nfr. 

:«ii  d'c^illt'd  it  on  xharcs,  kttcpinfj^  throe 
!  i/'iviiig  Mr.  'iVrwilliger  two.  Tho 
I  I  1  i>niv  foir"-ien  cents  a  jjallon, 
that  hu   did  a  ^oud 


yt*r'i»  WtJi**:. 


vr. 


lliaiii    II.   Ilarrirton 
on,  ho  went  to  lUi- 
iitil  1845.     Ill    the 
M        ,  'a    Hhort    time   at 

1  >t<.      In    Illinoia    he   had   a 

jt,  .:   Ill"''  his    neii^hbors     tho 

*'•  >i;-'i    very    well,    so    they 

.*iii!    Ill-  -tarted  overland  for 
I    vk')  "I  o.xeii,    two    waf.;on.s 
>  •*      '  >rip  hundred  wagons  in  all 
t  ■■  ■••  '        'isHoiiri,    with    Sam 
John   Hteuiirt  wan 
ly,     thirteen     waj;- 
st,     jn'oeeeding    by 
d  good  health  until 
Boise,   where    they 
there   on    siilleriiiii 
-    called  eanip  fever, 
!   wliieh  several  of  tlie  coin- 
.)       v\'lii.!ii    they  airived  at   the   npp'<r 
■  -.«,  Mrs.    JV'rwilliger  died.     Her    inaidon 
:i:iiiie  Arts  Hoplironia  Ann  Hard;  they  were  mar- 
ried in    1^38.  ill  Toiiijikiii'  county.  New  York. 
Mr.  TiTwilliger   hiul   liio  cliildren  by    his  first 
wife:    I.oreu/.o,   the    oMest,   was  killed    by    the 
Indian:!,  in  IWSl,  on  Kogne  river,  ( »regon,  aged 
twiMitytwo  joart';  Joliti.  tlit  second  in  order  of 
birth,  who,  frwm  ««e»vfr«!  iMack  of  qiiiusy,  died 
ill  ("alifoniia.  in   IStV),  rt.>r.i    about    seventeen 
ytiHr:i;  t\an.  who  diixl  in    H'do  when  three  years 
old;  llinkiii,   now  living-   :■.!   Portland,   Oregon, 
with  which  city's  iiitere'.i.H  '.iC  is  largely  identi- 
tled;  Charlotte  A.,  who  ni.uried  Walter  Motlit, 
of  Portland,  now  deceane.  :  she  is  now  the  wife 
of  llou.  OharliiK  Cartwri{.»ht,  whose  interests  are 
'  T^-Ay  in  ear^tpni  ')(t^i,.ii.  but  who  has  also  a 
, 'jsiilt^ncp  ID    I'ortlwid 

On  «rri.!;:i{  oi.  iho  jirvi?iit  site  of  the  popu- 
loiiii  city  ei  !'(>rti)iti<!,  th'v  -"aw  nothing  but  a 
barren  wa-!'>.  it»und  i\lr.  James  Knox  took 
up  dcnatioii  etr.ims  mi  the  east  side.  Mi.  Ter- 
willigtT  and  liio.  cbiUlren  being  accorded  the 
privilege  "f  rminuniiig  at  Mr.  Knox's  home. 
Mr.  Tor.iiiliger  had  siiceecided  in  bringing  his 
!ifiK;i<'  through  alive,  and  he  at  once  began  farm- 
ing uti  \\\n  claim.  On  tMiristinas  day  ho  wont 
to  Orof^n  City,  buying  fii    i  Frank  I'ettygrovo 


I 


^'i'^i 


h 


ij 


/ 


f^^mM  5^tt''X'^-*<^ 


^i  = 


'M 


IT  [STOUT    OF    OREOON. 


413 


Hi 


m 


lie  was  marned  February  14,  1867,  to  Miss 
Sarali  Keiifliley,  of  iMciiana,  and  the  daughter 
of  John  Keiirliley,  of  Enirlaiul,  and  long  a 
wortliy  citizen  of  Indiana.  Air.  and  Mrs.  Pope 
have  had  two  daughters,  botii  born  in  ()re;,'on 
City,  Anna  and  Maude.  Tlie  Captain's  Aunt 
Ann  was  the  wife  of  tlie  first  governor  of  Ore- 
gon, and  ills  father's  brother,  Deaeon  Thomas 
Pone,  resides  in  Illinois,  of  which  he  is  a  pio- 
neer. 


f.VxMESTERWILLIGER,  one  of  the  most 
public-s])irited  and  energetic  citizens  of 
I'ortland,  arrived  here  in  the  early  pioneer 
days  of  1845,  and  resides  on  his  original  farm, 
which  has  now  been  taken  into  the  I'niits  (jf 
the  widespread  city,  and  for  which,  forty-six 
years  ago,  he  excliaiiged  a  horse. 

He  is  a  native  of  Ulster  county.  New  York, 
where  he  was  born  on  Octolier  3,  1809,  Jlis 
father,  Cornelius  Terwilliger,  was  a  native  of 
the  same  county.  Mr.  Terwilliger's  ancestors 
came  from  Holland,  and  were  the  first  settlers 
of  Amsterdam.  They  wore  a  hardy,  long-lived 
race,  some  of  them  living  to  be  100  yeara  of 
age.  llis  grandmother  Terwilliger  attained  to 
tilt  |)atriarclial  age  of  102  years.  His  grand- 
father was  a  soldier  in  the  lievolutionary  war 
and  his  father  «erved  in  the  war  of  1812. 
The  latter  married  Miss  Ann  Cadecker,  a  na- 
tive of  New  York.  They  had  niue  children, 
including  thrct  jiairs  of  twins,  each  a  son  and 
daughter.     Three  of  the  family  are  still   living. 

Mr.  James  Terwillijjer,  the  second-horn,  and 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  raised  in  his  native 
State,  New  York,  and  learned  the  blacksmiths' 
trade.  lie  worked  for  a  time  as  a  journeyman, 
liaving  his  first  shop  in  Towandu,  Bradford 
county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1832.  A  few  years 
later,  he  sold  out  and  returned  to  .New  York, 
resuming  business  at  Ithaca,  where  ho  re- 
mained for  a  year,  when  he  removed  six  miles 
into  the  country,  residing  there  a  year.  In 
183!*  h'>  moved  to  (Jhio,  where  he  farmed  for  a 
while  IvUter  he  moveil  to  lUiiuiis,  remaining 
there  fq;ir  years.  He  had  a  shop  in  each  of 
these  places,  and  relates  his  experience  in  Ohio 
as  being  one  of  great  dilticulty  to  get  money, 
there  being  none  there  at  that  time.  There  was, 
however,  |)lent,y  of  eoi'u,  in  which  product  he 
took  pay  for  his  work.  The.i,  a"  thc'e  was  no 
as 


sale  for  the  corn,^]ie  bargained  with  Danie!  S. 
Morton  to  furnish  the  barnds,  and  he  and  Mr. 
Strockman  distilled  it  on  shares,  keeping  three 
gallons  and  giving  Mr.  Terwilliger  two.  The 
whisky  sold  for  oidy  fourteen  cents  a  gallon, 
yet  even  at  that,  he  relates,  that  he  did  a  good 
year's  work. 

In  1840  he  voted  for  William  II.  Harrison 
for  President.  After  election,  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois, where  he  remained  until  1845.  In  the 
meanwhile  he  worked  for  a  short  time  at 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan.  In  Illinois  he  had  a 
farm  and  shop,  but  he  and  his  neighbors,  the 
Mormons,  did  not  agree  very  well,  so  they 
bought  him  out,  and  he  started  overland  for 
Oregon,  with  five  yoke  of  o.xen,  two  wagons 
and  thirteen  cows.  One  hundred  wagons  in  all 
started  for  St.  Jose|)h,  Missouri,  with  Sam 
Parker  for  captain.  Later,  John  Stewart  was 
in  command.  Subseijuently,  thirteen  wag- 
ons separated  from  the  rest,  proceeding  by 
themselves.  They  all  enjoyed  good  health  until 
reaching  this  side  of  Fort  I'oise,  where  they 
took  the  Meek  route,  from  tluu'e  on  suffering 
considerable  with  a  sickness  called  camp  fever, 
from  the  effects  of  which  several  of  the  com- 
pany died.  WluMi  they  arrived  at  the  upper 
cascades,  Mrs.  Terwilliger  died.  Her  maiden 
name  was  Sophronia  Ann  Hurd;  they  were  mar- 
ried in  1833,  in  Tompkins  county.  New  York. 
Mr.  Terwilliger  had  five  children  by  his  first 
wife;  Lorenzo,  the  oldest,  was  killed  by  the 
Iiuiians,  in  1851,  on  liogue  river,  Oregon,  aged 
twenty-two  years;  John,  the  second  In  order  of 
birth,  who,  from  a  .severe  attack  of  rpiiusy,  died 
in  California,  in  184i),  aged  about  sevent^ien 
years;  Asa,  who  died  in  Ohio  when  three  years 
old;  Hiram,  now  living  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
with  which  city's  interests  he  is  largely  identi- 
ti'd;  Charlotte  A.,  who  married  Walter  Moffit, 
of  Portland,  now  deceased;  she  is  nt)w  the  wife 
of  Hon.  Ciiarles  Cartwright,  whose  interests  are 
largely  in  eastern  Oregon,  but  who  has  also  a 
residence  in  Portland. 

On  arriving  on  the  j)reseiit  site  of  the  popu- 
lous city  of  Portland,  they  saw  nothing  Init  a 
barren  waste.  He  and  Mr.  James  Knox  took 
up  donation  claims  on  the  east  side,  Mr.  Ter- 
williger and  his  children  being  accorded  the 
privH(>go  of  remaining  at  Mr.  Knox's  home. 
Mr.  Terwilliger  had  succeeded  in  bringing  his 
stitck  tiirough  alive,  and  he  at  once  began  farm- 
ing on  his  claim.  On  C'hristmas  day  he  went 
to  Oregon  C'ity,  buying  from  I'rank  Pettygrovo 


^u 


IllsrOliY    <lF    OREaON. 


H's; 


a  lot  ill  I'oi'tliiiu],  (in  First  and  Morrison  streets, 
wiiieh  lie  still  rotuiiis,  it  bcinif  now  one  ot]  the 
most  viilimljlu  pieces  ot'  piDjierty  in  tlie  eity. 
<  hi  this  lot,  in  Fcliriiiiry,  ISUi,  he  Imilt  a  h)ir 
lionse  and  iilai'k.-niith  sliu|).  of  liuwud  logs,  out- 
side and  in.  lie  says  it  was  the  first  huilding 
ever  erected  in  I'oi'tland.  He  sold  his  (iovern- 
nient  land  claim  for  a  horse,  a  little  later  ex- 
chaMjrini;  the  same  horse  for  a  mile  scniarc  of 
the  lieaiitifnl  farm  on  which  he  now  resides,  in 
rortland,  this  land  heinir  worth  (o  day  S5,OnO 
to  S(), ()()()  an  acre.  He  worked  at  his  trade  in 
his  shoji  ill  Portland  until  IS-tS. 

In  the  ineantiiiH!  he  had  married  a  widow, 
Mrs.  I'hileiida  (ireen,  whodied  in  I>i7i5.  They 
had  two  children:  Mary,  wlio  died  when  only 
twelve  years  of  age;  and  .Iidia  V.,  wife  of  T. 
M.  Richardson,  of  Portland;  she  died  suddeidy 
of  heart  failure,  duly  14,  18'J2. 

When  gold  was  discovered  in  California,  he 
decitled  to  j^o  there,  taking  his  wife  and  oldest 
son.  Accordingly,  he  fitted  up  a  wagon  and 
team,  the. latter  to  carry  the  provisions  and  out- 
fit overland  to  the  gidd  diggings,  and  engaged  a 
man  to  go  with  his  son  and  th(^  team,  while  he 
and  his  wife  took  jiassage  on  the  brig  Henry,  to 
California.  They  met  with  severe  weather  on 
the  water  and  liad  numerous  delays,  not  ar- 
riving in  California  until  several  weeks  after  the 
team  had  arrived  in  safety  at  their  destination. 
The  man  had  stored  the  goods,  sold  the  team 
and  appropriated  the  fnnds.  while  liis  son, 
Lorenzo,  was  in  tlu!  mines,  he  did  not  no  where. 
He  landed  at  Sacramento,  wiiere  he  spread  a 
tent,  and  then  went  in  search  of  his  son.  One 
night,  being  away  until  late,  the  coyotes  cut 
the  lasso  with  which  his  horse  was  tied,  and  it 
got  away,  leaving  Mr.  Terwilliger  to  go  the  rest 
of  the  way  on  foot.  Next  day,  after  walking  for 
eight  miles,  he  came  to  a  trading  station,  called 
(ireen  Springs.  He  boiiglit  out  the  trader,  and 
leaving  a  man  to  take  care  of  it,  he  went  in 
search  of  his  son. 

He  went  on  to  Hangtown,  where  he  found 
his  scin,  and  learned  where  his  goods  were 
stored.  While  he  was  at  Hangtown,  they  were 
trying  threit  men  for  stealing  goods  from  a 
trading  station.  They  gave  them  fifty  lashes 
each,  and  ordered  them  to  leave  the  town  in 
twenty  minutes.  ( Ine  of  tlieni  left,  the  others 
continued  to  hang  around.  Soon  a  man  came 
to  Hangtown,  who  had  been  fearfully  bruised. 
This  same  gang  had  killed  two  men  and  left 
this  one  for  dead.     He  told  his  story,  and  they 


captured  these  two  men.  tried  them,  found  them 
guilty,  and  sentenced  them  to  be  hung.  Placing 
them  on  two  mules,  they  fastened  the  ropes 
over  their  heads  and  gave  the  mules  a  crack, 
the  iiiuies  sjirang  from  under  ihem,  leaving  the 
two  men  swiiii;inij  in  mid  air. 

Mr.  Terwilliger  immediately  retnriuHl  to 
Sacramento,  where  he  hired  a  man  to  take  him 
and  his  wife  to  (ireen  Springs;  there  they  kept 
the  supply  store  for  about  a  year.  He  als(j 
hired  a  couple  of  Indians  and  with  his  son  dug 
for  g<dd.  They  were  successful  with  llieir 
store  and  also  in  mining,  but  after  a  year  the 
Indians  became  so  troublesome  that  Mr.  Ter- 
williger sold  out.  They  had  made  about  $8,()()() 
in  gold  dust,  with  his  son  and  the  Indians.  He, 
himself,  has  dug  as  much  as  si.x  and  eight 
ounces  a  day. 

He  then  went  to  Sacramento,  where  he  started 
one  of  the  first  blacksmith  sho])s  in  the  town. 
He  hired  a  journeyman  for  an  ounce  of  gold 
a  day,  besides  which  he  had  two  helpers.  This 
he  continued  to  run  for  seven  months,  making 
Some  days  $200  a  day. 

During  that  time,  a  coudIc  of  thieves  stole 
the  blankets  belonging  to  his  man.  They 
were  caught,  and  the  blankets  recovered.  They 
were  tried,  found  guilty,  and  Mr.  Terwilliger 
was  asked  to  state  the  number  of  lashes  they 
should  have;  they  received  twenty-five  lashes 
each. 

Jlr.  Terwilliger's  wife  was  taken  sick,  and 
went  to  San  Francisco  for  treatment,  where  lie 
went  to  see  her,  then  dcciiiing  to  ret".'n  to  Ore- 
gon. Knowing  that  lumber  was  very  high  in 
San  I'Vancisco,  he  purchased  a  cargo  of  it, 
(diartered  a  vessel,  which  he  loaded,  and  took 
this  to  that  city,  where,  Ujjon  arriving,  he  found 
that  five  large  shipa  had  come  loaded  with 
Eastern  pine,  and  the  market  was  mined.  He 
took  his  Ininber  to  Sacramento,  where  he  6(dd 
it  to  l.ee,  Cornwall  vk  Co.,  on  ninety  days' 
time,  and  they  failed  before  jiay-day,  Mr. 
Terwilliger  and  his  partner  losing,  thereby, 
^27,000.  Then  he  sold  his  blacksmith  shop, 
and  bidding  good-bye  to  California,  retnrneil  to 
Oregon,  engaging  in  the  tannery  business  in 
company  with  his  brother  •loliii.  Here  he  con- 
tinued for  fivo  years,  working  his  farni  in  the 
meantime,  and  still  retains  a  large  portion  of 
this  valuable  riinch.  In  IStlSJ.  he  built  a  hand- 
some residence  on  bis  farm,  with  commodious 
barns  for  his  grain  and  stock,  and  all  con- 
veniences and  improvements  attainable. 


HISTORY    OF    OHEGON 


415 


September  1,  1892,  Mr.  Terwilliger,  after  a 
l>rief  illness,  paesod  to  the  great  beyond,  at  the 
go<id  old  age  of  more  than  fourscore  years. 

In  alt  his  life  he  had  l»een  an  ardent  sup- 
iiortcM'  of  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party. 
Ever  leadinjj  an  lionorablc  and  npric^ht  life,  he 
enjoyed  the  deserved  esteem  of  all  who  knew 
him,  and  warmly  dwelt  in  the  affectionate  re- 
gards of  his  family  and  friends,  who  sincPi'oly 
lament  his  demise. 


4^^^-e^^ 


fAPTAlX  GEORGE  A.  IM-LVSE,  one  of 
tne  widely  and  favorably  known  steamboat 
captains  on  the  Columbia  and  AVillamette 
rivers,  ame  to  Oregoi.  in  1850.  erossi-d  the  bar 
at  the  mouth  of  th(-  Oiiluuibiu  river,  on  board 
the  "Annie  E.  Ma  i.e."  on  July  21.  He  is  a 
pioneer  of  (Oregon  a  id  also  of  Oalifornia,  having 
landed  at  San  Francisco  on  the  last  day  of  Seji- 
teinber,  1849.  lie  was  born  in  the  State  of 
Kew  York,  (Columbia  county,  on  the  Hudson 
river,  twenty  miles  below  Albany,  September 
20,  ISiiO.  His  father,  Norman  Pease,  was  born 
in  Ohio,  in  180"),  his  father  having  marrieil  a 
short  time  previously  and  settled  in  the  woods 
among  the  Indians.  The  ancestors  of  the  fam- 
ily had  emigrated  from  Wales  early  in  the 
history  of  tlie  country.  One  branch  of  the 
family  settled  in  (Jonnecticut  and  the  other  in 
New  York.  Norman  I*,  married,  in  1829,  in 
Columbia  county.  New  York,  Harriot  McAllis- 
ter, who  was  born  in  1807,  and  whose  family 
had  been  early  settlers  on  the  Hudson  river. 
Her  anceetoi^  were  captains  of  the  first  boats 
that  plied  up  the  Hudson  river.  The  father 
died  July  2,  1847,  and  the  mother  li\ed  with 
Captain  Pease  until  1891,  when  her  death  oc- 
curred. 

He  began  the  life  of  a  sailor  in  1849  and  has 
since  made  it  his  life  business.  He  has  been  all 
over  the  Willamette  river  as  far  as  K'.igeiie  ("ity, 
and  on  the  Columbia  from  the  sta  to  its  head- 
waters in  Idaho.  He  began  in  a  keel-boat  in 
1850,  taking  freight  from  Portland  to  Oregon 
City,  receiving  I'or  it  $20  a  ton.  His  boat  was 
propelled  by  Indians  with  poles,  oars  and  sails. 
His  next  boat  wa.«  called  the  "Canei|iali,"  which 
ran  between  Oregon  City  and  Corvallis.  He 
ran  her  until  1858.  In  1855  he  made  an  ex- 
cursion through  the  State  with  twenty-tive  men. 
prospecting  for  gold.      While  they  were  out  the 


Indian  war  broke  out.  In  1860  Captain  Pease 
help  build  and  owned  tive-ninths  of  the  "  Enter- 
prise." He  ran  her  two  years  and  jnit  her  in 
the  People's  Transjiortation  Company.  It  was 
organized  in  18S«,  and  the  Captain  has  been 
counecteil  with  it  since  1865.  After  this  ho 
was  captain  of  the  followingboiits:  "The  Active," 
"Success,"  "Alert,"  "Senator."  "E.N.Cook," 
and  the  "  Welcome."  In  1871  the  company 
sold  out  to  Ben  Haliday,  and  Captain  Pease  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  superintendent  of  the 
river  lines,  and  also  of  the  building  of  the  large 
hotel  at  Clatsop  Reach,  in  1873.  In  1875  ho 
ran  the  "Eonita"  for  the  Oregon  Steam  Navi- 
gation Company,  from  Portland  to  Astoria. 
She  was  the  fastest  vessel  on  the  line  at  that 
time  and  is  still  running.  After  this  he  ran 
the  "  Dixie  Thompson  "  and  the  "Emma  Hay- 
wood," until  1878,  when  he  eiigageil  in  pilot- 
ing under  a  State  branch.  During  this  time, 
in  1882,  he  ran  the  tug  boat  "  Pioneer."  In 
1888  a  new  law  was  passed  which  provided  that 
a  ship  need  not  take  a  pilot  if  she  took  a  tow. 
It  resulted  in  giving  the  towing  on  the  river  to 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  he 
was  the  only  State  ])ilot  taken  in  their  employ. 
Since  then  he  has  been  running  a  tug  and  tow- 
ing. He  has  been  very  successful  in  his  busi- 
ness and  is  of  course  thoroughly  accpiainted 
with  everything  connected  with  river  or  sea 
life.     He  owns  some  mines  in  Idaho. 

He  was  married,  December  26,  1857,  to  Mil- 
dred A.  Moore,  of  Illinois,  daughter  of  a  pio- 
neer of  1847,  in  Oregon.  They  have  two  living 
children:  Archie  L.,  caj)tain  of  the  steamer  "  T. 
(j.  Potter,"  now  the  finest  boat  in  Oregon;  Hat- 
tie,  married  T.  .1.  Colbert  and  resides  in  San 
Francisco. 

The  Captain  has  passed  ail  the  chairs  of  the 
subordinate  lodge  of  1.  O.  ().  F.,  is  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Scottish  rite  Mason,  is  Past 
Master  of  Multnomah  Lodge,  No.  1.  a  nienilior 
of  the  Masonic  Veteran  Association  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Drotherhood  of  Steamboat  Captains  and  Pilots. 

He  is  a  Republican  and  was  at  one  time  a 
member  of  the  Oregon  City  Council.  He  is 
a  true  man  and  has  made  a  host  of  friends  in 
his  long  life  as  a  steamboat  captain. 

Mrs.  Pease  died  October  22,  1879,  leaving  a 
record  of  an  excellent  wife  and  mother. 


410 


HISTORY    OF    OltEGON. 


r 


iA^ 


fAMKS  M.  Ari'LKWlIlTK.  M.  I).,  is  a 
prouiiiient  plivsiciaii  of  tlie  city  of  C.'orval- 
lis,  haviiii;  resided  here  since  1884.  lie  is 
a  native  of  iMississi])])i  and  dates  his  hirtli  at 
Xntclic/,  .Inly  17,1841.  His  parents  were  il. 
It.  and  Marj,'arut  (IJouney)  Ap])le\vliite,  the 
former  of  wiioin  was  also  a  physician,  horn  in 
Missi.^siiipi.  Tlie  ancestors  were  of  English 
oritjin.  The  grandfather  of  our  sui>iect,  Uev. 
.lames  Applewhite,  settled  in  Mississippi  as 
early  as  IS  17. 

The  ^iihject  of  onr  sketch  is  the  eldest  in  a 
family  of  eleven  children.  He  was  reared  in  the 
State  of  his  hirtli.  althonj^h  his  preliminary  pihi- 
cation  was  received  in  the  State  of  Viruinia.  and 
there  com])leted  in  lS,j!.).  The  following  year 
he  engaj^ed  in  the  study  of  medicine,  nmier  the 
prece))torship  of  Dr.  Joe  Davis,  an  eminent 
physician  of  the  old  school,  now  deceased.  Dr. 
Applewhite  received  his  medical  lectnrrs  in 
Memplus,  Tennessee,  and  ])racti('ed  his  profession 
for  twenty  years  in  Mississippi  hofore  coming 
to  Oregon.  After  being  in  Oregon  for  several 
years,  he  retnrned  to  St,  liOuis,  Missouri,  and 
graduated  at  the  St.  Lon is  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons. 

He  came  to  Oregon,  in  1884,  and  located  at 
Corvallis,  where  he  has  since  continued  in  ])rac- 
tice.  His  professional  calls  are  frequently  from 
the  remote  portions  of  I'enton  and  adjoining 
counties.  lie  is  a  member  oi  ;he  State  Medii;al 
Society,  and  has  served  as  (.'ounty  Doctor.  He 
is  not  oidy  popular  as  a  medical  student,  but 
has  been  identified  with  the  j;;rowth  and  pro.— 
jierity  of  the  county  since  his  advent  in  it.  Dr. 
Apj)lewhite  was  eh'Cte(l  (,'ity  Mayor  two  years 
ago,  and  has  been  County  Coroner  for  a  period 
of  four  years.  In  politics  the  Doctor  is  a  con- 
sistent Democrat,  and  has  taken  a  strong  inter- 
est in  party  atfiliations.  Socially  he  is  allied 
with  the  A.  F.  v^'  A.  M.,  F.  of  P.,  I.  O.  O.  F., 
encampment  degree  of  that  order,  and  is  also  a 
member  of  A.  O.  U.  W..and  is  Medical  K.\aminer 
for  the  last  named  order. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  Virginia  August 
18,  1S()2,  to  Miss  Sarah  C.  Campbell,  a  native 
of  that  State,  and  they  liav)  eleven  children, 
four  of  wdioni  are  deceased,  .lamely:  Willie,  who 
died  in  iidaucy;  Edna,  who  died  in  1882;  Katie, 
iti  September,  18^3;  and  Corru'lia,  in  1875. 
The  living  children  are  as  follows:  .lohn  C: 
Laura,  now  the  wife  of  H.  L.  Kddy.  of  Oakhind, 
(.'alifornia;  James  M.,  (ieorge  S.,  Virginia, 
Averv  L.  and  Ernest  E. 


Dr.  and  Mrs.  Applewhite  are  consistent  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  and  Episcopal  churches, 
respectively. 


♦^ 


<-@'^-<^ 


I O  N.  J  O  H  N  P.fUNElT.  —  Among  the 
jtRjiJ  leading  mcMubers  of  the  Oregon  bar,  none, 
*^l  perhaps,  are  more  worthy  of  honorable 
mention  upon  the  pages  of  this  work,  than  he 
with  whose  mime  we  introduce  this  brief  sketch, 
.ludge  Burnett  is  a  California  pioneer  of  1849, 
and  has  resided  in  Bentoh  county,  Oregon,  for 
over  thirty-four  years,  and  during  that  period 
there  are  few.  if  any,  who  have  done  more  for 
the  country  than  he.  From  a  village  of  500  to 
a  prosperous  city  of  4,000,  he  has  witnessed  the 
growth  of  Corvallis,  and  has  been  proniineTitly 
ideutiticd  with  many  of  its  public  enterprises, 
both  public  and  private,  and  he  is  always  among 
the  first  to  encourage  and  aid  all  enterprises, 
which  have  for  their  purpose  the  advancement 
of  the  city  and  county. 

.ludge  Purnett  is  a  self-educated  man,  and, 
while  Nature  made  a  bountiful  provision,  cul- 
tivation did  little  until  he  had  arrived  to  man- 
hood's estate.  Ills  education  was  gained  in  the 
school  of  e.\{)erience,  and  is  due  to  his  own 
efforts,  as  he  was  thrown  ujion  his  own  rcbources 
early  in  life,  and  has  muile  his  life,  step  by  step, 
to  prosperity.  He  is  the  second,  in  a  family  of 
seven  chiMren  born  to  Penjamin  F.  and  .lane 
(Jt.hn.*on)  Purnott,  the  former  of  whom  was 
born  in  Kentnekv,  but  his  ancestors  were  early 
settlers  of  Virginia,  and  the  mother  was  also  a 
Kentuckian  by  birth.  Penjamin  F.  Purnett 
was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  Missouri,  locat 
ing  in  Pike  county,  about  1820.  where  the  sub- 
ject  of  this  sketch  was  horn.  July  4,  18;H,  and 
resided  there  until  1849,  at  which  time  he 
acrossed  th'<  plains  to  California.  He  first 
located  on  the  American  river  and  engaged  in 
mining  and  followed  that  calling,  in  connection 
with  stock  dealing,  until  the  spring  of  1858, 
having  made  a  trip  east  and  recrossed  the  plains 
a  .second  time.  He  came  to  Corvallis  in  1858, 
and  that  year  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  otlice 
of  Colonel  Kelsey,  and  was  admitted  to  practice, 
in  1800,  since  which  time  his  life  has  been  an 
active  one,  anil  he  has  filled  some  of  the  most 
important  positions  that  could  have  been  con- 
fei'red  u|)ou  him  by  the  people  of  his  district. 
In  ISO.*)  he  was  elected  a  Presidential  Elector  on 
the  Democratic  ticket.     In  1870  ho  was  elected 


m 


liisTORr  f)F  nnfiaox. 


417 


Cuuiity  J  lalgi:  ut  ijuiituii  county  and  iulniinis- 
tered  tlie  affairs  of  tlie  county  for  four  years, 
ami  in  1874-  lie  was  elected  Associate  Justice  of 
tli(i.  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  His  term  as 
Judge,  imving  expired  in  187t),  lie  again  resumed 
practice,  and  two  years  later  was  elected  State 
Senator  from  Jientoii  county  and  served  as 
Cliairman  of  the  Judiciary  Oominittee  of  the 
Senate.  In  1882  lie  was  appointed  by  Gover- 
nor Thayer,  Judge  of  the  Second  Judicial  Dis- 
trict to  serve  a  portion  of  the  unexpired  term 
of  Judge  Watson.  Since  the  expiration  of  this 
term   of   office   he  has    been  devoted  to  his  law 

{iractice.  His  services  on  the  bench  and  in  the 
legislature  and  his  efforts  at  the  bar  have  gained 
for  him  a  reputation  throughout  the  State,  as 
one  of  the  most  al)lej  as  well  as  successful,  of  the 
legal  fraternity.  Judge  Burnett  is  the  present 
Mayor  of  Corvailis,  having  been  elected  in  May, 
18!J1,  for  two  years  as  a  side  issue.  He  is 
interested  in  fruit  growing  ami  owns  a  farm  of 
a  hundred  acres,  with  twenty-five  acres  of  prune 
orchard,  located  near  town  and  also  makes  a 
speciality  of  raising  fine  road  stock. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  Henton  county,  in 
June,  1817,).  to  Miss  Martha  ilinton,  a  native  of 
Missouri,  daughter  of  honorable  11.  B.  Hinton. 
They  are  tlie  parents  of  seven  children,  four  of 
whom  are  now  living,  namely:  Ida,  wife  of  T. 
Callahan;  Martha,  now  Mrs.  K.  II.  Huston,  of 
Corvailis;  Brady  and  Bruce.  Politically,  Judge 
Burnett  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party,  has 
alwHys  taken  an  active  interest  in  politics,  is  a 
liberal  contributor  to  campaign  funds,  and  never 
turns  a  deaf  ear  to  the  a|)peals  of  charity.  So- 
cially he  affiliates  with  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  blue 
lodge  and  chapter,  and  has  passed  all  the  offi- 
cial chairs  of  the  order. 


B.  IIENICK,  a  "forty-niner"  of  the 
coast  country,  was  born  April  10,  1837, 
'■'  in  La  Fayette  county.  Missouri,  the  sec- 
ond of  a  faniiiy  of  three  children.  His  father 
was  L.  11.  lienick,  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1803, 
and  who  came  with  his  father  to  ^lissouri  when 
sixteen  years  of  age.  ('olonel  Henry  Henick, 
the  father  of  L.  II.,  was  a  frontier  settler  of  the 
country,  not  a  family  being  west  of  his  for  some 
time.  The  Colonel  won  his  rank  under  (leneral 
William  Henry  Harrison,  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  emigrated  to  Missouri  when  peace  was  de 


clared.  L.  H.  Uuiiick,  aftur  coiiiiiig  to  Mis- 
souri, worked  upon  his  father's  farm  until  of  age, 
when  he  married  Polly  Cralljraith,  who  bore 
him  three  children,  the  subject  of  this  sketch  be- 
ing the  second.  His  wife  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky and  moved  to  Missouri  with  her  parents 
when  a  child;  finally  dying  in  1829. 

Our  subject  divided  his  youthful  days  be- 
tween the  district  school  and  the  farm.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-two,  tidings  from  California 
tlirilled  him  with  the  dreams  of  coffers  filled 
with  hard  and  yellow  gold;  unable  to  resist  the 
longings,  he,  with  fourteen  others,  all  young  men, 
made  a  common  purse,  bought  an  ox  team  and 
supplies  and  trudged  across  the  plains,  reaching 
the  land  of  promise  in  five  months  and  thirteen 
days,  reaching  there  with  such  depleted  purse 
that  he  was  under  the  necessity  of  working  in 
the  mines.  Finding,  literally,  that  all  is  not 
gokl  that  glitters  he  gave  it  up,  after  two  years 
of  fair  trial  and  went  to  farming  and  stock-rais- 
inif;  at  which  he  continued  until  1878,  when  he 
eniiixrated  to  Oreiron  and  settled  in  Umatilla 
county.  He  took  up  a  half  section  of  land 
which  he  improved  under  such  difficulty  as  the 
haulingof  his  timber  thirty  miles  and  iroiiigthree 
miles  for  water.  This  was  in  the  great  wheat 
belt,  and  he  soon  made  sufficient,  from  growing 
this  cereal,  to  buy  an  additional  half  section,  so 
that  he  has  a  full  section,  upon  which  he  con- 
tinues to  grow  wheat;  his  annual  crops  ranging 
from  8,000  to  10,000  bushels. 

Mr.  Keiiick  is  still,  at  the  age  of  si\ty-fIVe,  a 
hale  and  hearty  man;  but  he  has  surrendered 
the  work  of  the  farm  to  his  sons,  who  are  admir- 
ably qualitioii  by  training  and  disposition  for 
the  duty.  He  is  a  member  of  t!'e  Masonic  or- 
der, holding  his  connection  with  Lodge  No.  93, 
at  Helix.  When  the  Whig  party  had  an  exist- 
ence Mr.  Uenick  was  a  member  of  that  organi- 
zation; hut  when  it  passed  away,  became  a 
Democrat.  He  voted  in  California  at  the  elcc- 
tid'i  for  its  admission  into  the  Fiiion. 

Mr.  Reniek  was  manied  in  California,  in  1851, 
tc  Miss  Verlinder  S.  Hay,  a  native  of  Missouri; 
c'ossed  the  plains  with  her  parents  in  18-4(), 
and  was  for  a  time  in  company  with  the  ill-fated 
Donner  party,  that  so  lamentably  perished,  hard 
by  the  lake  bearing  their  name.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
lienick  have  eight  childien,  namely :  Prudence 
Esther,  wife  of  .fames  Killian:  L.  II.,  a  sheep 
grower  of  California;  W,  li.,  a  wheat  grower 
of  Oregon;  A.  B..  Jr.;  Robert  1^.:  Milton  (L; 
Olive  M.  and   Eda  M,  all   are  living  in  Oregon 


418 


niSTORY    OF    OREQOlf. 


Iiiit   1..    11.,  1111(1    iliu  tliren    lii:-f    imined  ar<!    iit 
iioiiie. 


•m 


fAl'TAlN  S.  T.  ISAAC,  a  prominent  resi- 
dent of  Helix,  Umatilla  county,  Oregon, 
^  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  is  of 
English  parentage,  was  born  in  the  State  of 
New  York,  December  6,  1838.  The  father  of 
our  subject,  James  Isaac,  was  a  native  of  Eng- 
land who  came  to  America  in  1810  wlien  a  small 
boj'and  married,  at  maturity.  Miss  Mary  ,1. 
Form,  a  native  of  New  York.  In  18(37  they 
emitii'Hted  to  Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Isaac 
had  ten  children  born  to  them  and  of  these  onr 
subject  is  the  oldest,  and  six  of  the  family  are 
yet  living.  All  of  these  children  are  in  Oregon 
with  the  exception  of  one,  who  has  located  in 
Idaho.  The  honored  father  and  mother  of  Cap- 
tain Isaac  is  living  in  Pendleton,  at  advanced 
age. 

At  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  our  subject  lett 
home  to  commence  life  for  himself.  Locating 
in  Minnesota  he  entered  the  dairy  bu^iness  and 
lived  there  until  1867.  At  the  breaking  out  of 
the  civil  war  our  subject,  having  |mtriotisni  at 
his  heart,  enlisted  as  private  in  Company  1, 
Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Vi>luTiteers  and 
served  during  the  war.  His  regiment  was  un- 
der the  command  of  General  Grant  down  the 
Missisippi,  and  he  was  engaged  in  all  ot  the' 
memt)rable  battles  of  that  army.  He  was  at 
Corinth,  Vicksburg,  Shiloh  and  C/hautau(pia, 
and  was  with  Siierman  to  the  sea.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  discharged  a*,  St.  I'aul,  lilinne- 
sota.  having  received  but  one  small  wo\ind  in 
all  of  the  terrible  battles  of  that  time.  For  gal- 
lantry he  was  soon  taken  from  the  ranks,  climb- 
ing to  be  Captain  of  his  ciim|>any.  His  was  an 
unusual  career,  for  he  was  never  captureil,  nor 
did  he  spend  any  time  in  the  hospital,  always  be- 
ing  in  every  way  ready  for  duty. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  Captain  Isaac  re- 
turned home  and  began  the  struggle  with 
Coke  and  Ulackstone,  but  later  gave  it  up  and 
began  clerking  in  a  general  merchandise  store, 
at  which  he  continued  until  1870,  when  he  came 
to  the  coast  country  and  settled  in  Umatilla 
county.  Here  he  secureil  a  half  section  of  laud 
and  engaged  in  farming  for  a  number  of  years, 
then  sold  his  place  and  removed  to  Helix  and 
went  into  business  thei'e.  He  conducts  the  only 
drug  store  in  the  town  of   Helix,    and  in    188!) 


he  was  appointed  I'ipstniaster  by  President  Har- 
rison. 

Captain  Isaac  was  married  in  Minnesota,  in 
1806  to  Miss  Mary  C.  Lansdale,  a  native-  of 
Ohio  and  came  with  her  parents  to  Wisconsin 
when  she  was  but  eight  years  of  age.  The  Cap- 
tain and  his  worthy  wife  hav(»  been  blessed  with 
a  family  of  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are  yet 
living.  Mary  F.  is  the  wife  of  J.  W.  Sullivan; 
Anna  is  the  wife  of  Frank  Parh.am ;  Agnes  11 
is  the  wife  of  Charles  Ivinsey;  James  H., 
William  H.,  and  Edith,  are  at  home  with  their 
parents. 

Captain  Isaac  is  a  member  of  Gettysburg 
Post,  No.  33.  at  Helix  anil  also  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  being  Secretary  of  his 
lodge.  In  his  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  but 
liberal  in  his  views,  only  thinking  it  right  in 
local  mattei's  to  give  the  faithful  old  soldier  the 
preference. 


iEORGE  II.  PALETHOKPE,  proprietor  of 
(Jrant's  Pass  Soda  Works,  dates  Ids  birth 
at  St.  Charles,  Kinie  county. Illinois, April 
7,1851.  He  remained  there  until  ho  was  fourteen 
years  of  age.  His  parents  were  William  aiid 
Mary  (Clark)  Paletliorpe,  descended  from  old 
and  inrtuential  English  families.  The  father 
came  to  America  in  1840,  the  mother  and  two 
children  joining  him  soon  after.  The  family 
consisted  of  seven  children,  our  subject  being 
the  third  in  order  of  birth.  The  parents  re- 
moved to  Koineo,  Michigan,  about  1805. 

At  an  early  age  (ieorge  began  to  learn  the 
baker  trade  under  his  father,  who  had  served  a 
long  api)reMticeship  in  a  country  where  young 
man  learn  their  ti'iides  thoroughly.  He  con- 
tinned  in  business  with  his  father  until  he  was 
twentyone  years  of  age,  when  he  itegnn  on  Ills 
own  account  and  was  vi^ry  sn<'cessful.  Both  of 
his  parents  (lied  in  Michigan,  the  mother  dying 
in  i{onieo.August22. 1882.  and  the  father  in  Pon- 
tiacJuneU,  1800.  About  1888  he  move.l  his 
family  to  Oregon.  He  began  business  with  a 
small  cajiital.  tint  was  endoweil  with  great  busi- 
ness ability,  energy  an<l  detcrminiition.  II(* 
took  up  his  residence  at  (i rant's  Pass  about 
three  years  ago  and  establisluid  him-ielf  in  the 
imkery  business.  Six  months  later  he  purchased 
the  soda  works  and  since  has  conducted  Imlh 
lines  of  business  in  the  same  building.     He  has 


tlTSTOiiV    Oh'    OflAV.'O.V. 


4li) 


f 


o.sliiblioliuil  H  I'L'pututioii  a.s  ])roro.-;siuniil  biil<(^r 
second  to  iioiiG  iii  the  state.  His  biisiiieSB  is 
constantly  incrcasinif  and  he  has  tlie  trade  of 
those  who  desire  only  tiie  l)est  (jiiality  of  hread 
and  pastries.  As  regards  tlie  soda  husiness  he 
has  the  entire  trade  of  i\w  city  and  eonnty, 
meiUinir  with  no  opposition.  He  has  one  de- 
livery WHiron,  wliieh  snpplies  the  local  trade,  and 
ho  also  ships  to  points  in  .(ackson  county.  He 
manufactures  all  kinds  of  carbonated  drinks, 
which  are  also  on  sale  at  his  place  of  business, 
which  is  conducted  as  a  bakery,  confectionery 
and  fruitery. 

Ho  was  married  in  Kent  county,  Michiiran,  in 
1877  to  Adella  I'orter,  of  Michigan.  They  have 
one  daughter,  Mabel.  On  their  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon ho  began  working  in  a  sawmill,  where  he  con- 
tinued until  taking  up  his  residence  in  this  city. 
In  addition  to  his  city  business  he  is  interested 
in  fruit  growing  and  owns  property,  consisting 
of  ten  acres,  located  one  Tuile  west  of  this  city, 
live  acres  of  which  are  already  set  out  with 
winter  apples.  One  acre  will  be  set  in  cherries 
and  the  i)alance  to   prunes,   the   present  season. 

Mr.  Palethorpo  is  oTie  of  those  progressive 
eastern  men  who  avoid  the  sluggish  rut  of  the 
moss  back  oloinent  and  is  always  reaily  to  en- 
couvage  ])ul)lic  enterprise,instea(l  of  clogging  the 
wheels  of  progress. 


fW.  ALNUTT.  manager  of  the  planing- 
mills  of  Ashland, was  born  in  liay  county, 
"»  Alissouri,  June  10,  183ij.  His  father, 
William  U.  AInutt,  was  born  in  the  Blue  Grass 
State, aTid  was  of  Scotch  extraction.  The  mother, 
ncc  Catherine  Holman,  was  a  native  of  Virgina, 
and  hoi'  peo[)le  were  among  the  early  settlers  of 
that  State. 

J.  W.  Alnntt,  the  third  iti  th(^  family  of  twelve 
children,  is  a  California  pioneer  of  1853,  having 
removed  to  the  city  of  Sacramento  in  that  year. 
He  was  engaged  in  teaming  until  185-1,  the  next 
five  years  followed  mining  in  Si(^rra  and  Plumas 
counties,  in  1858  engaged  in  farming  near  Clear 
Lake,  Naj)a  county,  in  1871  he  began  the 
stock  business  in  the  Sierra  valley,  thirty-tive 
miles  west  of  Truckeo,  and  in  l87-t  camo  to  the 
city  of  Ashland.  For  the  first  seven  years  our  sub- 
ject was  employed  in  the  Ashland  Flour  Mills, 
then  the  property  of  Jacob  Wagoner,  but  since 
that  time  he  has  devoted  his  time  to  fruit-rais- 
ing.     His  prupprty  is  located  near  the  town,  and 


I  the  orchard  consists  of  a  gonei'al  variety  of 
(dioice  and  deciduous  fruits.  The  products  are 
an;  sold  to  the  local  trade.  Mr.  AInutt  took 
charge  of  the  planing  mills  as  manager,  Septem- 

;   bor  l(i,  1^S91. 

I        He  was  married  in  Ashland,  in  1882,  to  Mrs. 

'  Hattie  NEitchell,  nee  Voumans,  a  native  of  New 
York.  Airs.  AInutt  has  two  children  by  her 
former  marriage:  William  ('.  iind  Alvia 
Mitchell.      I'y  tlit;  last  nnion  there  is  one  child, 

•  Jose|)h  iM.  Socially,  Mr.  AInutt  atliliates  with 
the  A.  O.  U.  AV.,  of  Ashland,  in  which  he  has 
passed  all  the  chairs.  He  takes  no  active  part 
in  ])olitical  matters,  but  casts  his  vote  with  the 
Ilepublican  party. 


fOHN  A.  TAl.P.EliT,  oneof  the  most  pros- 
perous and  highly  esteemed  citizens  of 
{'lackamas,  and  a  well-known  Oregon  ])ioneer 
of  1852,  was  born  in  Missouri,  September  17, 
1848. 

His  father,  Francis  Talbert,  was  born  in 
Faiujuier  county,  Virginia,  August  Hi,  180-4, 
and  in  1812  accompanied  his  parents  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  in  1815  removed  to  iNfissouri.  Ho 
married,  in  Kentuckey,  Miss  Don.aliue,  a  native 
of  that  State.  They  liad  seven  children,  three 
now  living.  His  wife  died,  and  he  married 
again,  his  secoiul  wife  being  Mrs.  Amanda  Crag- 
head.  They  had  three  children,  of  whom  the 
eldest  is  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  who  is  now 
the  sole  survivor.  When  our  subject  was  in  his 
fourth  year,  his  father,  accompanied  by  his 
family,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  settling 
first  on  a  domition  claim  near  Afilwaukeo,  on 
which  his  father  erected  a  house,  for  which  they 
cut  the  logs,  planed  the  timber  and  morticeil 
the  frame  together,  and  sided  it  with  weather 
boarding,  which  was  split  and  dressed  by  hand. 
In  this  house,  they  resided  for  twenty-one  years, 
when  they  tinally  moved  to  (Mackamas,  where 
the  father  purchased  village  property,  erecting 
thereon  a  comfortable  bouse,  the  same  in  which 
his  wife  and  son  now  reside.  He  was  a  man  of 
good  principles,  despised  oppression  of  every 
kind,  was  a  strong  Union  man  and  Uopublican, 
and  was  a  most  worthy  citizen.  He  was  all  his 
life  a  devoted  member  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
and  enjoyed  the  highest  esteem  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  State.  He  died  at  his  home  August  7, 
1881,  greatly  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him. 
His  faithful  wii"(i  still  survives  him,  now  in  her 


Ht STORY    OF    OREaoN. 


i\ 


nifflity-si'coii(l  year,  greutly  l>flo\  oil  \>y  lliu  coin- 
miinity,  on  account  of  her  pructiciil  Christian 
virtues. 

His  son,  tiie  subject  of  our  sketcli,  was  sent 
to  the  common  schools,  and,  since  he  has  become 
ft  man,  lie  has  been  enf^aj^e'l  in  the  stocl<  busi- 
ness and  in  mining  in  southern  Oregon.  He 
was  Deputy  Siiorirt  of  Chici<ainas  county  from 
1879  to  1882, and  afterward  Deputy  Assessor  for 
two  years.  For  some  years  lie  has  also  iicen  do- 
ing a  lucrative  business  in  salmon  fishing,  lie 
and  his  assistants,  with  two  boats,  catch  about 
2,000  salmon  annually,  which  average  about 
twenty-tive  pounds  each.  From  which  they 
realize  about  SI  a  piece,  llr.  Talbert  owns  a 
number  of  valuable  village  lots  and  has  a  small 
improved  farm.  Altogether  being  considered 
one  of  the  most  prosperous  men  of  this  vicinity. 

He  was  married  May  15.  1870,  to  MissEmnui 
Davis,  a  highly  esteemed  lady,  and  a  daughter 
of  a  well  and  favorably  known  resident  of  this 
vicinity.  They  have  three  children,  Mary 
Edna,  Dora  J.and  Jessie  E.,  all  of  whom  were 
born  in  Clackamas  county,  and  who  by  their  in- 
telligence and  activity  reflect  credit  on  their 
county  and  State. 

Mr.  Talbert  is  Past  Master  of  the  A.  ().  U. 
W..  and  alsoa  menilier  of  the  Grand  Lodge. 

As  a  citizen  he  is  prominent  aiul  highly  re- 
garded and  has  many  years  before  him  of  use- 
fulness and  prosperity. 

fR.  WALTER  S.  JONES  is  anuing  the 
prominent  jdiysicians  of  southern  Ore- 
gon, who  have  located  in  the  enter|)rising 
and  |)ro8perous  city  of  Medford.  He  is  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  Eclectic  school,  and  located  here  in 
the  fall  of  1888.  Ht?  at  once  oj)ened  his  office 
and  began  his  practice,  since  which  time  he  has 
l)cen  very  siu^cessful  in  uiedicine  and  surgery, 
and  now  enjoys  the  confidence  of  the  public,  as 
well  as  a  good  and  increasing  practice. 

He  is  a  luitive  of  the  State  oi  Iowa,  l)orn  in 
Marion  county,  January  28,  186(5.  lie  was 
re  I  red  ami  educated  in  his  native  State.  He 
wi.s  the  son  of  (Jilbert  ami  Mary  J.  (Slieppard) 
Jones.  Tii(<  foi'uier  is  a  native  of  North  ('aro- 
lina,  of  Welsh  extraction,  and  the  latter  was  a 
native  of  Illinois.  They  were  the  parents  of 
live  children. 

Dr.  JoneH  was  the  third  child  of  his  parents 


and  began  the  study  of  medicine  ut  I'leasants- 
ville,  Iowa,  witii  S.  V.  Duncon,  of  Duncou  & 
Merritt,  prominent  ])hysicians.  He  received 
his  lectures  and  graduated  at  the  American 
Medical  College,  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  iTi  the 
class  of  1887.  He  had  much  valuable  experi- 
ence and  jiractice  in  the  city  hospital  for  two 
years  prior  to  grailuating,  under  the  advice  of 
the  ])liysician  in  charge,  Dr.  I'itzer,  a  noted 
practitioner  of  that  city. 

After  graduating  Dr.  .lones  returned  to 
Iowa  and  engaged  in  general  practice  for  two 
yeai's.  During  this  time  he  was  surgeon  to  the 
White  Breast  Mining  Company. 

He  was  ma'-ried  in  Marion  county.  February 
10,  1888,  to  Delia  Fetter,  of  Iowa.  They  have 
one  daughter,  Maud.  He  removed  to  Oregon 
in  the  fall  of  the  same  year. 

Politically,  Dr.  Jones  is  a  Democi'at,  and 
socially  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  K.  of  !'., 
and  is  now  filling  one  of  tlie  official  chairs  in 
the  last  named  order. 


-.^=3-»!»-e^ 


f^ETER  IHUTT,  portrait  ])aintcr,  is  a  widely 
»  and  favorably  known  early  settler  of  Ore- 
^  gon.  He  came  to  the  State  as  early  as 
1852.  He  is  a  native  of  Switzerland,  born  in 
the  historical  town  of  Obstalden,  Glarus  can- 
ton, March  11,  1819.  His  parents  were  Jacob 
and  Dora  Uritt.  The  latter  died  in  Obstalden, 
canton  (ilarus  in  18-4-c.  Her  husband  and 
family  came  to  America,  locating  in  Madison 
county,  Illinois,  where  the  father  died  in  Marcii, 
1850.  Peter  is  the  youngest  in  a  family  of 
three  chihlren.  He  was  reared  and  educated  in 
the  laud  of  his  birth,  where  ho  made  portrait 
painting  !i,  study.  He  came  with  his  father  to 
Illinois,  and  for  a  timeengageil  in  farming.  In 
1847  he  established  himself  as  a  photographer  at 
Highland,  that  State,  and  continued  in  that 
luisiness  until  1852,  when  he  took  his  apparatus 
and  crossed  the  plains,  coming  the  olil  route, 
via  Fort  Hall.  He  established  the  business, 
which  he  now  comluc'  '.  in  Jacksonville,  where 
he  located  upon  coming  to  Oregon.  He  is  an 
artist  l)y  nature,  as  well  as  by  cidtivation,  atid 
his  studio  is  one  where  any  lover  of  art  would 
gladly  spend  many  hours  in  study  of  bis  oil 
paintings,  both  [jorfrait  and  landscajie.  These 
are  largely  frcnu  his  own  brush.  Promimuit 
among  the  largo  number  of  landscape  paintings 


It r STORY    (IF    OlthUKiX. 


I-.M 


of  his  own,  tliui'o  are  suvlthI  views  of  tliu  liis- 
toricai  enitor  lake  of  Klaiiiatii  county,  also  of 
many  other  landinariis  of  tl)e  Stato. 

Mr.  liritt  has  spent  a  portion  of  the  many 
years  of  his  residence  in  this  State  in  traveling 
ahont  southern  Orejfon.  and  [)rolialily  lias  a 
larger  eollection  of  photographs  of  scenes  of 
interest  than  any  other  person  in  the  State.  On 
his  arrival  in  Jacksonville  he  liiiilt  a  log  house 
and  occupied  it  for  tnaiiy  years  as  a  gallery. 
His  present  residence  is  located  on  the  most 
heautiful  building  site  in  the  city.  From  its 
halcony,  one  has  a  perfect  panoramic  view  of 
the  Rogue  river  valley  and  snrroundiu};  mount- 
ains. His  home  is  presided  over  by  bis  only 
daughter.  Miss  Amelia.  His  son  Hmil  is  con- 
nected with  him  in  business. 

He  was  married  in  Jack.sonville  in  1861,  to 
Mrs.  Amelia  Grob,  whose  son.  Jack  C.  by  a 
former  marriage,  is  a  resident  of  Jackson 
county,  in  Jacksonville,  Oregon. 

Mr.  liritt  has  been  a  member  of  the  Town 
Council  in  early  days.  Besides  bis  home  pro- 
perty, consisting  of  eighty  acres,  he  also  owns 
150  acres  of  farm  land,  located  at  Eagle  Point, 
and  440  acres  farther  down  the  valley,  besides 
200  acres  in  Jacksonville,  twenty  acres  in  fruit 
trees,  live  in  vines,  from  which  he  makes  a  tine 
(juality  of  wine,  which  he  sells  principally  to  the 
local  trade. 


fAT  It  I  C  K  D  U  N  X.— This  name  is  very 
familiar  to  the  residents  of  Jackson  county. 
He  has  been  a  resident  of  Oregon  since 
1851,  anil  during  his  residence  in  this  Stat% 
has  figured  prominently  in  the  civil  history  of 
Jackson  connty.  He  came  frcun  We.xford  county, 
Ireland,  where  he  was  born,  March  24,  1824. 
His  parents  were  Patrick  and  Johanna  (Toole) 
Dunn,  both  natives  of  the  same  county,  emi- 
grating to  America,  locating  at  Philadelphia 
when  the  subject  was  yet  young.  He  is  the 
youngest  of  seven  children  and  received  liisedu- 
cation  in  tiie  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and  was 
reared  to  mercantile  pursuits  until  1841,  when 
the  family  removed  to  Madison  county,  Hlinois. 
Here  he  engaged  in  milling,  which  pursuit  he 
followed  until  1850,  when  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  California,  and  engaged  in  mining  at  Kelly's 
bar,  on  the  American  river,  later  at  Auburn, 
Placer  county,  and    thence    to    Salmon    river 


I  and  Vreka,  and  in  1852  mined  I'oi'  a  lime  at 
I  Jacksonville.  Oregon.  During  his  mining  ex- 
I  periences  he  was  fairly  successful,  {''ollowing, 
this  time  he  took  a  donation  claim  near  Ash- 
lan<l,  which  he  still  owns,  and  is  now  occupied 
by  his  son.  Mi'.  Uunn  retired  from  active  farm- 
ing some  six  years  ago,  anil  removed  into  the 
city  of  Ashland.  Thi'  farm  consists  of  some 
250  acres,  ten  of  which  is  in  orchard,  a  general 
variety  of  fruits,  the  products  being  .-old  to  the 
local  trade.  He  also  owns  a  tract  of  200  acres 
near  by.  which  he  has  renteil  out.  This  tract 
also  contains  ai)out  four  acres  of  fruit,  the  bal- 
ance devoted  to  general  farming. 

He  was  married  l''ebruary  24,  1854.  to  .Mary 
M.  Ilill,  of  east  Tennessee,  daughter  of  Isaac 
Hill,  who  first  came  to  California  in  1841).  He 
tirst  engaged  in  mining  at  Vreka,  for  a  time, 
and  in  1S51  he  returned  home  to  get  his  family. 
When  he  returned,  he  settled  in  the  Uogue  river 
valley,  and  followed  farming  and  stock-raising 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  July,  1804.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Uunn  have  four  living childi'en:  Kliza- 
beth  tl.  Holburg,  of  Port  Townsend,  Washing- 
ton; Ottila  I).  C'aldwell,  of  Humboldt  county, 
California;  (ieorge  W.  and  Mary  K.  Kice,  of 
Ashland;  Amy  M.  died  in  18S3.'  Mr.  Dunn 
is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  of  considerable 
service  to  his  party.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature  in  1854,  serving  two 
terms,  and  was  As.sessor  in  1805,  and  County 
Clerk  in  1872,  tilling  that  otHce  for  two  years. 
He  has  been  County  Commissioner  several  years 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  school 
matters.  He  l)elong8  to  A.  V.  &  A.  M.,  Ulue 
Lodge  and  iioyal  Arch,  and  has  had  the  honor 
of  tilling  the  oHice  of  S.  W.  in  the  tirst  lodge 
organized  in  .fackson  county.  He  also  belonged 
to  I.O.  O.  V.  in  the  East. 


UlARLKS  AVILKINS,  one  of  Pendleton's 
rising  young  men,  was  born  in  South 
^  .  Carolina,  March  28,  1855,  son  of  15.  F. 
Wilkins,  who  was  born  near  Cape  Henry,  Vir- 
ginia, where  he  married  Emily  J.  i^ingham, 
also  a  native  of  Virginia.  The  father  was  a 
printer  by  profession  and  was  at  one  time  con- 
nected in  newspaper  business  with  John  Swin- 
ton,  a  noted  journalist  of  New  York  city.  ]\[r. 
Wilkins  removed  to  Washington,  Distri(tt  of 
Columbia,  in  1850,  an<l  there  edited  the  Wash- 
ington Sunday  Herald,  continuing  in  the  same 


422 


ttfsrnitY  OF  oiiKiios. 


until  his  (lentil,  ill  l*S7i),  wiii'ii  hi'  wiis  hut  forty- 
tliri'c  yt'iirs  of  iiifc.  lliti  wife  .lied  the  year  pre- 
vious, anil  they  left  three  child reii,  of  which  our 
siihject  was  the  oldtist. 

<)ur  suhject  attetided  the  private  schools  at 
Washiiii;toii  City  and  linishecl  his  education  at 
IJriiokville  College,  of  Maryland,  when  he  'vas 
seventeen  years  of  aye.  lie  then  coi'.iiiienced 
workiiio;  at  the  printiiii,'  liusiiiess  in  Washing- 
ton, and  continued  in  tlie  same  ocuuiiation  in 
dilt'erent  cities  until  188+,  when  he  came  to 
i'eiulh'ton,  Oregon,  and  engaged  with  tiio  Kast 
Oregoniaii,  on  wliicii  he  worked  for  five  years. 
In  1800  he  commenced  a  joh  oHice  of  his  own, 
to  which  was  added  tiie  puhlication  of  the  I'en- 
<lleton  Tribune.  This  pajjcr  Mr.  Wilkins  \\\\> 
conducted  as  a  liepuhlican  paper,  and  so  ahly 
has  it  been  managed  that  oin\  8ui>ject  has  hail 
the  pleasure  of  8eein<;  it  grow  to  be  one  of  the 
leailing  jiapers  of  his  town,  lie  is  a  very  able 
writer,  and  inucli  time  and  space  is  devoted  to 
till!  welfare  of  the  town.  No  public  iinprove- 
iiients  are  siartod  hut  his  paper  is  the  first  to 
advocate  and  advance  them.  All  social  and 
Christian  societies  have  been  greatly  aided  by 
liim,  to  the  full  extent  of  his  means. 

Mr.  Wilkins  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Ul- 
lery,  in  1880.  Mrs.  Wilkins  is  a  native  daugii- 
ter  of  ( >regon,  her  parents  l)einjr  aiiionfj  the 
early  jiioneers  of  the  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wilkins  have  thre(U'!iildren,  namely:  llayinond, 
(!larence  and  I'eatrice.  Our  subject  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  ().  U.  W.,  and  Woodmen  of  tlie 
World,  and  has  tilled  different  offices  in  both 
lodges,  being  now  Overseer  of  ti)e  former 
anil  Adviser  of  tlie  latter.  He  is  also  Sec- 
retary of  the  School  Hoard  of  Pendleton,  and 
in  all  positions  he  has  been  called  njion  to  fill 
Mr.  Wilkins  has  proved  himself  a  worthy  citi- 
zen and  tfood  man. 


^■•^- 


fllARLES  1,.  I'ALMKiJ.  a  prominent  and 
influential  resident  of  iiaker  City,  Oregon, 
was  borti  in  l)elaware  county,  IVnnsylva- 
iiia,  Auj^uBt  5.  18-tU.  He  is  the  son  of  Robert 
H.  Palmer,  of  La  (Trande,  Oregon.  Tlie  latter 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1812,  and  i)y  occn- 

{lation  he  is  a  farmer.  He  married  Hannah 
^almer  in  1835.  She  is  also  a  natis'e  of  the 
Keystone  State,  born  there  in  1814.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  I'aliner  removed   to   Iowa  in    1857,  and 


thenci',  in  18(li,  aern^s  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
and  settled  in  I'liion  county.  Hoth  of  tiiese 
parents  are  still  living  at  La  (1  ramie,  ( >regoii. 
They  liaii  a  family  of  eight  children,  namely; 
subject,  Charles  L.,  I'i'iijamin  F..  .loseph,  and 
.lolin  and  four  daughters.  The  three  oldest 
cliildren  reside  in  Maker  City,  while  the  other 
sun  and  four  daughters  reside  at  Latirande. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  La  (Trande.  and  attended 
the  Haptist  college  ill  the  Willamette  valley.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  engaged  in  that  pur- 
suit after  leaving  school,  varied  by  school  teach- 
ing. In  1870  he  removed  to  Haker  City,  and 
taught  two  terms  of  school  in  that  county.  In 
187(),  he  and  a  brother  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business,  and  continued  it  until  188i3,  when  he 
was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Haker  City  under 
President  Arthur,  and  held  that  position  for 
five  years,  until  Cleveland's  administration.  He 
then  went  into  the  lime  business,  bought  a  |)laiit. 
which  he  operated  until  1800,  when  he  organ- 
ized the  Haker  City  Linio  and  Marble  Comfiaiiy, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  $25,000.  of  which  he  was 
manager.  The  latter  business  has  been  sold. 
Mr.  Paliner  is  a  large  stockholder  in  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Baker  City  Street  Railroad  and 
Motor  (!ompany,  with  a  capital  stock  of  !:^25,000. 

Mr.  Palmer  was  married  to  MisB  Rosella 
Lovell,  of  Haker  (Mty,  who  was  iiorn  in  Iowa, 
in  1801,  and  died  September  11,  1887,  leaving 
n  little  girl,  Ethel  Irene.  Mr.  Palmer  was  mar- 
ried the  second  time,  in  tianuary,  1889,  to  Miss 
Lonnio  Place,  of  Haker  ('ity.  who  was  born  in 
in  this  city,  in  ISO'^.  (See  sketch  of  Luther  Place, 
in  this  book.)  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Palmer  have  had  one 
child,  Hannah  Myrlee,  born  December  24-,  188U. 

Mr.  Palmer  commenced  life  as  a  poor  boy  and 
lias  worked  his  way  np  until  he  now  is  the  owner 
of  a  nice  fortune.  He  is  the  owner  of  consider- 
able town  property,  both  improved  and  nniin- 
j)roved.  In  addition  to  this  property  and  his 
other  business  interests  already  stated,  he  is 
interested  in  some  good  mines  in  the  city,  and 
is  a  stockholder  and  director  of  the  l)aker  City 
National  Hank.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F..  and  has  not  only  jiassed  all  the  chairs  of 
his  own  lodge,  but  has  also  passed  those  of  the 
(Jriind  Lodge  of  the  State.  In  politics,  he  is  a 
Repulilican. 


S'#'-H^^ — '-  ■- 


!  •:' 


itrswnr  of  mtrjiDS. 


49a 


til.  1)1  KTlilC  11  .I'll.  !)..  .Ifiiii  ..f  the 
|iharnmceiitii'iil  tlcpartiiient  of  Williiin- 
o  L'tfd  Uiiivursity,  wiirt  i)(pni  at  ilaiiislmrg, 
iVliiisylvaiiia,  in  1800,  a  nori  of  Saiiiiicl  K. 
Dietricii.  The  father,  a  (u-i'iiiaii  hy  descent,  was 
a  iriiniKter  of  tlie  riiilcil  HretiiriMi  (;iiiirch;  the 
itiotlici'rt  inaidt'ii  name  was  Cair,  ami  she  was 
of  Welsh  extraction;  tiie  families  of  hotli  were 
union),'  the  early  settlers  of  I'ennsyl^  ania.  The 
edncation  of  onr  Butijeet  was  hegnii  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  llarrishiirg;  hitcr  he  took  a 
elaesical  course  at  the  Lelianon  Valley  College, 
and  wa8  frraduiled  at  the  I'liiladeljihia  Col- 
lege of  I'harniaey  in  1883,  receiviiiL''  the  dcffree 
of  I'll.  (r.  He  stood  third  in  a  class  of  loiJ 
nieniliers,  and  four  times  received  lionoiaMo 
mention  by  the  faculty,  an  honor  well  merited 
and  fully  appreciated.  Dr.  Dietrich  then  fol- 
lowed his  profession  in  I'hiladelphia  and  llar- 
rishiirg  until  18^8,  when  he  removed  to  <  Miiaha, 
where  lie  was  associated  with  the  Kiehardson 
Druif  Company,  manufacturers  ami  wluvlcsale 
dealers,  lie  also  started  the  Omaha  Drugirist, 
which  he  conducted  buccesst'iilly  until  1889. 
He  sold  out  at  that  time,  and  came  to  I'ortland, 
to  accept  a  position  offered  him  by  Snell, 
lleitshu  &  Woodard,  wholesale  druggists,  as 
superintendent  and  manager  of  their  extensive 
laboratory. 

In  April,  1889,  he  began  ])ublisliiiig  the 
I'acitic  Drug  Review,  the  first  journal  devoted 
to  this  subject  jiubliihed  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains;  he  also  embarked  in  the  retail  drug 
business  at  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  and  (4 
streets,  under  the  firm  name  of  Uuchanan  it 
Dietrich;  they  have  begnn  the  nianut'acture  of 
the  famoiia  I>.  it  D.  syrups,  extracts,  essences 
and  toilet  preparations. 

In  June,  1890,  Dr.  Dietrich  was  ajipointed 
to  the  chair  of  pharmacy  of  the  pharmaceutical 
department  of  Willamette  University,  and  soon 
afterward  was  elected  dean.  On  the  1st  of 
.Inly  of  that  year  he  sold  out  to  his  partner  his 
interest  in  the  drucj  business  on  the  corner  of 
Fourteenth  and  (t  streets.  lie  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Oregon  State  Pharmaceutical 
Association  in  1890,  and  was  elected  secretary. 
In  December,  1890,  he  purchased  a  half  interest 
in  the  Longshore  Printing  &  Publishing  Com- 
pany and  became  its  president.  In  January, 
1893,  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  drug 
store  of  A.  T.  Ockerman,  at  Si.xth  and  Wash- 
ington streets,  who  luive  incorporated  under  the 


Hriii      mie  of  ( •ckerniaii  Dieliicli  ('(jinpiiiiy  for 
.SlO.iNiO. 

His  only  fraternal  conneclion  is  with  the 
Knijrhts  of  Pythias  and  1'..  P.  O.  F.,"in  which 
-  ('irties  he  takes  a  deip  interest.  He  is  sec- 
retary of  theCoos  Hay  Land  Ar  Invi  -iment  (!om- 
pany,  and  tills  the  same  position  in  Keek's 
Catarrh  Cure  Company. 

fRIN(JK  LI(;iAN  CAMPPKLL.  president 
of  the  Oregon  State  formal  School  at 
*-»(■  MonniDUth,  and  one  of  the  prominent  edu- 
cators of  the  State,  was  born  in  Missouri.  Octo- 
ber ti.  I'-'il.  He  is  of  Scotch  ancestry.  His 
father,  .iev.  Thomas  Franklin  Campbell,  was 
born  in  Louisiana,  lal'  r  attended  Ikthany  Col- 
lege, West  Virginia,  at  which  he  graduated. 
He  married  Miss  Jane  F.liza  Campbell,  a  lady 
of  the  same  name  as  hi  own,  although  no  rel- 
ative, who  was  born  of  Scotch  ancestry  in 
Newry,  in  the  north  of  Iroland,  in  1820.  Si,\ 
children  were  born  of  this  marriage,  of  which 
lainily  three  are  living,  namely;  Alexander 
Franklin,  Albert  Preston,  and  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  President  Campbell's  father  has 
been  a  promiiu'iit  minister  of  the  Christian 
Church  in  ( Iregon  and  California  since  1870. 

Upon  the  ill-rival  of  Rev.  Thoma-  C'ampbell 
in  Oregon  in  1870,  he  w;.s  elected  president  of 
tha  Christian  ('ollege,  now  the  State  Normal 
School,  and  under  his  management  the  institu- 
tion prospered,  but  in  1879  Mr.  Campbell  lost 
his  wife,  and  saddened  by  this  event  he  resigned 
his  position  in  the  college  and  retunu'd  to  Mis- 
souri, where  he  remained  for  two  years,  lie 
then  returned  to  Oregon  and  was  tin-  pastor  at 
the  church  in  Eugene  and  engaged  in  evangelical 
work,  for  which  he  seemed  particularly  well 
ada|ited.  A  nnmber  of  useful  yeai's  were  passed 
in  this  way,  and  then  he  accepted  the  position 
as  ])astor  of  the  church  at  Los  Angeles,  and  later 
at  ()akland,  California,  and  now  is  pastor  of  the 
Christian  Church  in  Monmouth. 

Our  subject  was  educated  at  the  college  in 
^ronmouth,  and  graduated  from  this  institution 
when  but  eighteen  years  old,  following  which 
he  taught  school  for  three  jenrs.  Then  he 
entered  Harvard  College,  and  attended  through 
the  Sophomore  and  Junior  years,  later  engag- 
ing in  newspaper  work  in  Kansas  City,  and  then 
returning  to  Harvard,  where   he  took  his  A.  B, 


494 


lllsTOIiV    >)/■•    niiKllii^/. 


(Iuj,'i'i  I'  in  18St).  Alter  thi-  In'  ri'liiini'il  tu  llit^ 
iKii'inal  scliool  in  Moniiioiitli  nnd  t'lifjiij^oil  in 
toui'liiiig,  coiitimiinj^  for  four  yciirH,  In  IHIM) 
111'  wiiB  clec'.tiMl  jin'siJcnt  ol'  iho  luiniiiil  hcIkhiI, 
Hiiil  tliut  reH|i(iiisiM(-  |)(i>itiiiii  liuHtill  lioliitt. 

Kmin  this  hricl'  sketcji  it  will  l)e  noun  tlint 
ipiir  siiliject  Uii*  liLHMi  iilcntitieil  witii  tiic  coiioijt' 
anil  Miirnial  kcIkhiI  siiict!  his  ciirly  iliiyn,  and 
('(•cIh  almost  till'  aHVu^tion  of  a  cliilil  for  a  parent 
in  his  rt'ganl  for  an  institution  of  k-arning  of 
which  all  Ori'jjoniaiii*  are  prond.  I'reeident 
('aniptiell  is  an  enthusiast  in  his  profession,  a 
Very  thorongh  scholar  anil  a  man  of  force  and 
aliility.  lie  possesses  the  aliility  to  impart  an 
enthusiasm  to  his  piipils,  and  iinderstands  the 
triU'  method  of  impartinj?  information.  .\s  an 
educator  he  stands  verv  hiffh  in  the  State  and 
is  looked  upon  as  one  oC  the  most  successful 
amoni;  the  higher  ranks  of  teachers. 

The  miirriage  of  our  suhject  took  place  Sep- 
temlier  17,  1>^H1,  at  Forest  (irove.  to  .Miss  Ku- 
1,'enia  Zeiher,  a  native  of  the  city  of  I'ortland, 
<)re;;iin.  I)..rn  May  2'ii,  lS(i,"i.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  .Vlhert  and  C!harlotte  Zeiher.  Two 
children  were  liorn  of  this  marriage:  Herbert 
Morris,  died  in  his  first  year,  and  Lucia  Kugenia, 
was  horn  January  2S,  ISDl.  The  lovely  young 
mother  died  in  March  of  the  same  year,  having 
been  u  lady  of  rare  gifts  and  her  loss  was  deeply 
deplored. 

President  Cam|)liell  has  interested  himself  in 
the  affairs  of  moment  to  the  city  of  Moninonth, 
and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  I'olk  County 
I'ank,  liecame  a  director  and  in  18'J0  he  was 
elected  vice  president  and  manager  of  the  bank, 
in  which  cajmcity  he  is  now  serving.  lie 
is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  a  promi- 
nent Di'mocrat  aiid  a  man  of  enterprise  and 
business  ability. 

fOIIX  A.  SLA VI N  is  one  of  the  worthy 
j)ioncers  of  Oregon,  who  eanu;  to  the  terri- 
.^  tory  in  ISuO.  He  took  up  a  claim  and 
persevered,  and  now  has  n  farm  in  the  outskiris 
of  I'ortland  that  is  worth  from  >il.<'00  to  .':>1.5()() 

f)er  acre.  He  had  just  ten  cents  when  he 
ocated  his  land,  and  is  now  a  well-to-do  farmer. 
He  owns  other  property  in  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington, and  raises  on  his  various  farms  valuable 
horses.      It   reipiires   but   a   moment   to  tell  of 


Ml 


icccss,  lint  it  took   htm   forty-two       | 


rii'lily  deserves  the  snccus.i  he  has  alliiiiied. 
His  experience  would  till  a  large  book,  but  only 
a  brief  outline  eiiii  be  given  of  his  life.  He  is 
a  native  of  liooiic  eountv,  Missouri,  horn  May 
y,  IfS'JCi.  His  fatliei,  William  Slavin.  was  born 
in  (larrutt  county.  Kentucky,  where  his  father, 
.lolin  Slavin,  was  a  pioneer,  also  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  IHI2.  The  family  is  of  Irish  ances- 
try, coming  to  America  prior  to  the  lievoliitioii. 
All  the  family  are  noted  for  their  many  noble, 
honest  <|iialities.  The  grandfather  lived  to  lie 
ninety-six,  and  all  were  h^iig-lived.  This  is  the 
stock  from  which  our  subject  sprang.  His 
father  married  I'Vaiiees  Woods,  of  Kentucky, 
ilaiigliter  of  William  Woods,  ]iioiieer  of  Ken- 
tucky. They  had  iiiiii'  children,  three  of  whom 
are  living.  Mr.  Slavin  was  raised  in  ISoone 
county  on  a  farm,  and  had  a  very  limited  edu- 
cation. While  there  he  worked  some  at  the 
wagon-Works,  partly  acquiring  the  trade.  His 
father  gave  him  a  farm  of  l(!()  acres,  and  he 
worked  it  until  his  twenty-fourth  birthday, 
when  ho  decided  to  go  to  Oregon,  as  he  could 
not  get  a  title  to  his  farm  from  his  stepmother, 
his  father  beingdeiul.  He  started  in  ISiJO,  with 
some  young  men  for  California,  but  they  did 
not  agree,  so  Mr.  Slavin  traveled  alone.  He 
had  some  cousins  who  were  running  small  fer- 
ries across  the  I'latto  river,  and  he  stayed  and 
helped  them  for  some  weeks,  for  wdiicli 
they  paid  him  i^lO  per  day.  They  charged 
the  emigrants  $5  per  wagon  to  ferry  them 
across.  Mr.  Slavin  saved  one  man's  life 
while  there,  as  he  was  attempting  to  cross  the 
river  by  himself.  While  he  wjys  crossing  the 
plains  three  of  his  horses  were  stolen,  but  he 
recovered  them  the  next  day,  and  never  knew 
who  had  stolen  them.  All  food  was  very  dear 
and  hard  t  obtain.  His  horses  gave  out  at 
(Ti'ande  Ronde,  and  he  traded  them  for  a  pony, 
paying  81(1  in  addition.  When  lie  reached  the 
Dalles,  what  remained  of  IiIb  outfit  sold  for 
!S()2.u().  He  ])aid  §10  for  his  passage  in  a  batteau 
or  small  boat  (there  being  no  sieamlioats  running 
in  these  waters  at  that  time)  to  I'ortland,- 
and  the  bargain  was  that  he  should  pull  one 
oar.  When  he  reached  Portland  he  boarded 
with  old  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Skidiiiore,  at  !!il2  a 
week.  In  a  short  time  he  obta'ned  work  at 
house  building.  They  were  obligei'.  to  prepare 
all  their  timber.  He  proved  so  expert  at 
this    that    bis   wages    were  advanced   trom    $2 


)er 


lay 


to   .SIO; 


later 


■.•i>    hired    b 


Ml 


years  of    hard   work   to  accomplish   it,  and   he   |   Stephen  Collin,  and  was  to  take   Portlaiil   prop- 


BisTonr  OF  oRfcaxy. 


43» 


crty  ill  piiyiiit.'nt.  lie  t'lirni'd  ti  iimiiluT  of  micli 
lilockrt  iiH  tli(>  post  (iltieu  is  on,  tlioii  vuiiicd  at 
!5(15(),  liiit  Mr.  (!ofliii  wna  iiimMe  to  (five  liim  ii 
ilccd,  ttiiil  tliu  matter  (Imaged  along  until  liu 
»ii|)J)o«(mI  lit'  had  lost  it,  Init  Mr.  ("ollin.  like  tlif 
lioiioraliiu  man  lie  wuh,  paid  liiin  tliu  money. 
Ill  1851  111  came  to  his  land,  wliicii  was  covered 
witii  a  tliieket  of  treeB.  lie  eiit  siieli  poles  as 
he  eoiijd  handle  and  liiiilt  a  small  lint,  liiiKlin;; 
the  gaiile  ends  with  split  lioards.  .\f'ter  getting  ■ 
started  he  retiinicd  to  I'ortland  and  wub  liirea 
l>y  Captain  Uiifiis  Ingles  to  go  witii  the  troops 
as  an  extra  teamster.  The  troops  were  sent  to 
(/nliforiiii'  ..nd  were  expected  to  clear  out  the 
Indiiiiis  they  met  on  tlie  way.  He  went  with 
tliein  as  far  as  the  south  Ump(|iia,  and  saw  in 
the  valley  a  tine  country.  lie  carried  tlie  ex- 
press back  to  Vancouver,  and  Quartermaster 
Ingles  sent  him  to  gatiier  up  tlie  stray  aiiiinHls 
helonging  to  the  (ioverniiiciit.  He  did  iniicli 
hard  riding  and  had  many  narrow  escajies. 
When  lie  had  accoinplished  his  mission  he  was 
])aid  at  tlie  rate  of  xU)  per  day.  He  took  his 
money  home  and  hid  it;  later  he  took  -tliOO 
witli  liim  to  buy  a  cow,  and  left  the  remainder 
in  the  house.  When  he  returned  he  found  that 
some  one  liad  entered  the  house,  made  cofl'ee 
and  eaten  some  of  his  provisions,  l)iit  tlie  money 
was  sale,  lie  hiter  found  out  that  it  was  four 
young  men  who  liad  been  hunting  and  had 
stopped  to  rest.  He  l)oiiglit  several  head  of 
cattle  until  he  had  fourteen  and  seven  horses. 
The  following  winter  was  so  severe  that  he  lost 
all  his  cattle  and  horses  but  a  little  calf.  This 
calf  had  a  heifer  calf,  ami  he  kejjt  an  account 
of  the  proceeds  from  that  same  calf,  and  he 
found  that  he  sold  S900  worth  of  cattle,  and 
had  four  cows  and  several  yearlings  left. 

He  was  ninrried  December.  1853,  to  Kiiima 
R.  Ross,  of  Delaware,  ()lii(j  daughter  of  Luther 
and  Mary  (Arnold)  Ross.  She  crossed  the 
plains  with  her  stepfather  and  family  in  1847. 
His  name  was  Israel  Mitchell,  of  Iventucky, 
a  grand-nephew  of  Daniel  Hooiie.  They  started 
from  near  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  witl)  Captain 
White's  company  ancl  forty  wagons,  April  15. 
They  arrived  at  the  Dalles  in  August  The 
Indians  were  trouble-ome.  an('.  one  ni^;ht  two 
horses  were  stolen  from  the  waifon  in  wliieh 
Mrs.  Slavin  and  her  sister  sl'jpt.  Mr.  Mitchell 
took  his  claim  at  the  corner  of  Clackamas, 
Washington  and  Multnomali,  counties  so  that 
some  of  it  was  in  all  of  then..  He  planted  an 
orchard,  and   the  land  is   now  a  part   of  West 


I'ortland.  Mr.  Mitchell  died  at  the  home  of 
.Mr.  Slavin  in  187iJ,  in  his  seveiity-seventli  year. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Slavin  began  housekee|)iiig  in  the 
little  house  in  the  woods;  tlipy  enlarged  it,  until 
in  1884  they  built  a  f,'ood  farm  house.  They 
have  had  six  children,  three  ot'  whom  are  living: 
Mary,  now  .Mrs.  R.  V.  I'rince,  of  i'ortland; 
l.illie,  nov  Mrs.  N.  L.  (iilhain,  of  Hillsdale; 
.lohn  R.  resides    with  iiis  parents. 

Mr.  Slavin  is  a  Republican  in  j)olitics,  ami  he 
and  his  wife  botli  take  an  activii  part  in  all  school 
i|uestions  of  their  district,  both  having  held 
school  oflices.  He  serve(l  two  years  as  Com- 
missioner of  his  county.  He  has  l)een  an  en- 
ergetic business  man  and  is  favorably  and  well 
known  throiighnut  the  State. 

fHTEU  TAYLOR,  of  I'ortland,  came  to 
Oregon  in  1852,  and  is  one  of  her  most 
worthy  pioneers.  He  was  born  in  I'erth, 
Scotland,  .laiiuary  30,  1823.  His  father,  Will- 
iam Taylor,  also  a  native  of  Scotland,  married 
Miss  Christiana  Mruce,  a  native  of  that  country 
and  a  descendant  of  Sir  Robert  Rriice.  Thoy 
had  nine  (diildren,  two  sons  and  seven  daugh- 
ters. Mr.  Taylor's  uncle,  David  Taylor,  was  a 
prominent  business  man  in  I'elfast,  Ireland,  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Arnott  »fc  Co.  He  was 
for  several  years  Mayor  of  the  city  of  I'elfast, 
and  was  knighted  by  tiueen  Victoria  for  valu- 
able services  rendered  his  country. 

Mr.  Taylor,  the  subject  of  this  biographical 
notice,  was  reared  in  his  native  land,  learning 
the  trade  of  cabinet-maker.  In  1847  he  emi- 
grated to  Mew  Vork,  and  was  married  there, 
June  14,  1848,  to  Miss  Sarah  Si  phia  lle^ipcll,  a 
native  of  Sunderland,  county  oi  Durham,  En- 
gland, born  July  29,  1824.  Her  father  was  en- 
gaged in  the  .^hipjiing  Ijusiness.  He  was  a  de- 
scendant from  an  old  and  renowned  English 
family.  After  marriage  Mr.  Taylor  went  to 
Ohio,  looking  for  a  location,  and  from  tliere  to 
Iowa;  not  being  satisfied  with  either  place,  ho 
starteil,  in  1852,  overland  for  Oregon.  Fifteen 
wagons  left  Muscatine,  Ljwa,  May  4,  1852,  for 
tliis  distant  point,  and  the  journey  was  a  fairly 
favorable  one.  They  had  some  Asiatic  cholera, 
and  several  of  the  number  died  with  it.  In  one 
night  Mr.  Taylor  buried  three  of  his  company, 
and  soop  afterward  he  buried  two  others.  He 
had   only  a  fourth    interest    in    the    team    and 


4Jfl 


iiinToitY  Oh'  onuaox. 


1     i!'* 


,i.iiV      '. 


■;>\\: 


WM^ciM  that  liroii^lit  ]\'\*  siiiiniii's.  Tlie  teaiti 
\vi'iil<('iii'(l  anil  lic  aliaiiili)iii'i|  it  KM)  iiiili's  cast  of 
Kort  l!i>ih(',  ami  |i|(>ililcil  alonir  on  tout;  in  tact 
lie  walkcil  most  of  tlic  way.  with  liin  lilaiikets 
ami  pack  on  hi.--  liack.  Wlii'ii  tiit'il,  or  wlmii 
nli/lit  I'anie  on,  hi'  Icl'l  llii'  roail,  took  a  seantv 
rcna.-t  anil  lay  ilown  in  liis  lilanki'ts.  When  hi' 
rt'achcil  tiiu  Ithio  mountain-  lie  hail  inountaiii 
Icycl'  ami  jiavu  out  ami  lay  ilown  to  ilii'.  After 
he  lay  thci-e  Hume  time,  five  liiiJian^  eame  alonif 
on  iioiiie.-;  one  of  them  dismoiintecl  and  ])Ut 
him  on  his  jHiny,  took  liiin  to  the  eainp  ami 
cared  for  hiin.  When  he  recovered,  hniiifj;  with- 
out money,  ho  )j;avc  a  checked  shirt  to  the  In- 
diaiis,  and  thtiy  seemed  well  satisfied. 

Mr.  Taylor  came  down  from  the  Dalles  in  a 
lioat.  When  he  arrived  he  hail  neither  money 
nor  aiiythinj,'  el.-e.  lie  hefraii  at  carpenter  work 
and  did  whatever  he  could  get.  One  of  his 
johs  was  puttiiii;  toj^ether  the  nnichinery  tor  the 
tirst  horse- power  that  was  used  in  the  ferry- 
Ipoat;  he  was  then  workini;  for  A.  !!.  llalleek. 
Soon  afterward  he  ohtained  a  nerniauent  posi- 
tion as  pattern-maker  for  the  tirst  foundry  in 
the  city,  owned  liy  Turiibull,  Momiastes  i^: 
l)avi^.     He  reniaiiu'd  with  them  for  ten  years. 

In  18()0,  witli  others  he  organized  the  Wil- 
lamette Iron  Works,  the  firm  being  composed 
of  A.  B.  llalleck.  .(olin  Nation,  -lolm  Thomas 
and  I'eter  Taylor.  I'art  of  the  time  Mr.  Taylor 
was  president  of  tiu'  com])any,  and  all  of  the 
time  oiu'  of  its  directors.  They  continued  the 
business  until  l>S81,and  under  tlieir  managc- 
luent  it  became  one  of  the  large,  successful  busi- 
ness enterpriscH  of  the  country.  Ii\  ISSl  Mr. 
Tayliu-  retired  from  active  business,  lie  had 
invested  in  city  real  estate,  had  luiilf  several 
blocks  ain!  several  residences,  and  had  secured 
a  satisi'act'ry  comiietency  lor  .■!  worthy  ami  ripe 
old  age. 

After  Cuming  to  Oregon,  .is  soon  as  he  had 
eariu'd  money  enough,  he  sent  East  for  Mrs. 
Taylor,  ami  in  1S53  she  came  by  way  of  Nica- 
ragua, and  arrived  in  fVirtlaiid  .lanuaiyY,  ISo-t. 
She  brought  with  her  their  three  children. 
Four  more  were  born  in  Portland.  Four  of 
the  family  are  still  living.  <  )ne  daughter.  So- 
phia ('.,  i^  now  tlie  wife  of  I'rof.  I.  \V.  I'ratt, 
Superintendent  of  the  Schools  of  the  city  of 
Portland.  The  son.  noiiglas  W.,  is  married 
and  resides  in  iVirtland;  he  is  Street  Superin- 
tendent. (Sec  history  in  this  volume.)  Stella 
K.  is  the  wife  of  .Milton  K.  Shipley,  and  resides 
in  GlackanKi>  county.      Mi.-s  .Nannie  i- engaged 


in  teaidiing.      She  lias  taught  ten   years   in   this 
city. 

Mr.  '''aylor  has  interested  himself  in  all  that 
|)ertaiiis  to  the  well  being  of  the  city.  He  wiis 
the  second  I'.ian  of  tin;  list  of  citizens  who 
joined  tlu*  Volunteer  Fir.^  Cotujjany  of  the  city, 
and  is  consequently  an  lionored  member  of  the 
Volunteer  K.xempt  Firemen's  Society,  and  is 
President  of  it.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Hoard 
of  Police  Commissioners;  is  in  politics  a  Demo- 
crat, and  in  religious  faith  he  and  his  wife  arc 
Presbyterians.  They  are  both  Iionoi'ed  inein- 
bers  of  the  Pioneer  Society  of  Oregon. 

IFOUGE  J. AW  CUKUY,  now  deceased,  a 
pioneer  of  1840,  and  journalist,  poet  and 
one  of  Oregon's  most  etficient  statesmen, 
was  born  in  I'liiladelphia,  Pennsylvania,  duly 
2.  1820.  lie  was  of  English  ancestry,  his  grand- 
fathei',  Christopher  Curry,  being  born  in  Kng- 
huid  and  emigrating  to  the  I'nited  States, 
locating  in  the  city  of  Hrothei'ly  l,o\e.  where 
he  remained  until  his  death,  being  now  buried 
in  Christ  Church  cemetery  of  that  city.  His 
son,  George  Curry,  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  war 
of  1812.  and  comnuinded.  during  the  illness  of 
the  ca|itain,  the  Wasliington  Blues  of  Phila- 
delphia, in  the  engagement  with  the  British 
preceding  the  ca])ture  of  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington. 

In  1821  the  subject  olour  sketch  accompanied 
his  parents  to  South  America,  from  where  they 
later  returned,  residing  at  the  family  homestead 
near  llomesbury,  Per)n.sylvania,  until  182'J, 
when  the  fathor  of  our  subject  died.  The  son 
then  accompanied  his  guardian,  his  uncle,  Will- 
iam Ctirry.  to  Boston,  wdu're  he  jiassed  nine 
years  of  ais  boyhood.  While  there  he  was  ap- 
prenticeii  to  the  jewelry  trade,  and  later  became 
a  member  of  the  Mechanic's  Apprentice  Library 
Association,  of  which  he  was  tor  a  couple  of 
terms  elected  ])re8iilent.  This  association  was 
at  that  time  a  |)opular  literary  and  educational 
so(dety  of  Boston.  .NLmy  of  his  addresses  and 
pueins  were  published,  and  thereby  he  still  lives 
on  the  historical  |)ages  of  that  institution,  to 
the  prosperity  of  which   he  so  ably  contributed. 

In  1843  he  became  a  resident  of  St.  Louis, 
where  he  formed  *he  acqnaintiince  of  .lo-ejdi 
.\L  Field,  with  niiom  he  was  com.. .  "^"d  in  the 
publication  of  the    Ueveille.      In    riMi   he   left 


I:ir^i 


'\ 


Mt^—M 


n [STORY    OF    ORKOON. 


.JS7 


^'^ 


that  city  for  tliu  I'acitic  coast,  j^oiiiir  Uy  way  of 
the  overland  L'liiif^r.'int  route,  arrivrit;  in  Ore 
^on  City,  Oregon.  Aui,'iii-t  i}()  of  t.'.e  -  line  year. 
Here  he  iniineiliately  as.-iinied  editorial  cliurifc 
of  tilt'  Oregon  Speenhitor,  the  first  news|>a|)er 
ever  pnlilisiuwl  on  the  coast,  thns  excrci.sing  a 
niarlced  inlliietice  on  tiie  atl'airs  of  the  'lerritory. 
In  ISfS  lie  commenced  the  juihlicatioii  <d'  the 
Oregon  I'nn;  i'ress.  tiie  first  weekly  newsjiajier 
on  the  coast.  'I'he  press  on  wliicii  this  pajier 
was  printed  was  manufactured  in  the  Territory, 
and  a  portion  of  the  type,  tlie  display  letters, 
were  made  of  wood.  This  gave  it  a  unique  ap- 
pearance, and  was  ■;  eally  one  of  its  great  attrac- 
tions. This  journa  '  was  discontinued  towaid 
the  close  of  its  first  year,  on  account  of  the 
general  rush  of  the  population  to  the  gold  fields 
of  California  in  the  fall  of  that  year. 

In  March,  1848,  he  was  nuirried  to  Miss 
Chloo  Donnelly  JJoone,  a  daughter  of  Colonel 
Alphonzo  Uooue,  a  f;reat-grandson  of  Daniel 
iioono.  He  emigrated  from  Missouri  to  Oregon 
with  his  family  in  1840.  and  they  were  among 
the  first  to  hrave  the  dangers  of  the  southern 
route  to  Oregon,  which  led  them  through  un- 
friendly trihes  of  Indians,  almost  impassable 
cafious,  aii'l  over  steep  and  perilous  mountains. 
All  who  came  that  year  by  this  route  lost  all 
their  teams,  stock  and  other  property,  barely 
reaching  the  settlements  alive.  Some  were  not 
so  fortunate,  and  their  bones  now  whiten  the 
way. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  (Jurry  had  six  children,  two 
daughters  and  four  sons,  all,  except  one  daugh- 
ter, still  living.  All  reside  in  Portland,  and 
,ire  worthy  citizens  of  their  r  ativc  State.  They 
are:  Mary  Florence,  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  M.  C. 
Webster;  Ilatlif  liooiie,  Norwood  Litton.  Willie 
I.atie  and  (ieorge  L.  Their  mother  also  sur- 
\ives.  iijid  is  highly  esteemed  by  a  large  com 
miiiiity,  to  whom  she  has  endeared  herself  by 
the  unostentatious  practice  of  Christian  virtues. 

In  May,  1853,  unsolicited  by  Mr.  Curry,  he 
was  appointed  by  the  President,  and  confirmed 
by  the  Senate,  Secretary  ot  the  Ti'rritory  of  Ore- 
gon. A  few  days  after  his  Induction  into  office 
he  became  acting  (iovernor,  by  reason  of  the 
resignation  of  (ieneral  .Joseph  Lane,  who  held 
that  office.  Mr.  Curry  discharged  the  dlities  of 
both  offices  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner,  until 
the  arrival  of  (iovernor  Davis,  in  December  of 
that  year.  Nine  nionlhs  afterward,  upon  llie 
resignation  of  (tovei'uor  Da'is,  he  again  became 
acting  CroverMor,  continuing  in  the  discharge  of 


both  offices  until  his  appointment  as  (iovernor 
:\  few  months  later.  This  otlice  he  ably  lilled 
until  1S,5U,  when  the  State  goNcrnnieiit  was  in- 
augurated, llii  friends  then  made  him  a  can- 
didate for  United  States  Senator,  but  he  with- 
drew his  name,  and  assisted  in  the  election  of 
the  successful  candidates.  In  18(i()  his  friends 
again  m.tde  him  a  eandiilate  for  the  same  ]n>si- 
tion,  and  after  protracted  ballotings  ho  cam(> 
within  one  vote  of  i'lec'ioii,  but  a  combination 
of  the  l{e[iublicans  and  a  portion  of  the  Douglas 
Democrats  ultimately  culminated  in  theii-  suc- 
cess. 

1 1  is  oHlcial  term  as  (iovernor,  from  185;!  to 
1S5U,  was  a  most  eventful  period  in  llu^  history 
of  ()i'egon.  Its  institutions  were  formecl  ami 
develo])ed  with  the  i-ai>id  enlargement  of  tho 
settlements  and  the  prosperity  of  the  jicople. 
Indian  trouliles  were  very  fre(jnent.  The  Rogue 
river  Indian  war  occurred  in  the  fall  of  185!5, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1855  war  was  waged  along 
the  whole  fiontier,  north  and  south.  Kiilly 
2,500  volunteer.s  were  kept  in  the  tield  for  sev- 
eral  months,  besides  the  United  Slates  troops 
stationed  in  the  country.  This  was  by  t'ar  the 
most  formidable  conliict  occurring  on  the  north- 
western coast.  In  these  campaigns  (iovernor 
Curry  distinguished  himself  by  his  services  in 
eft'ectiially  establishing  peace,  and  he  received 
the  thanks  of  the  Legislative  assemblies  of 
both  Oregon  and  Washington  Teriitory  for  his 
etficiency  in  protecting  the  jieople  ot  both  terri- 
tories against  the  attacks  of  marauding  Indians. 
Ill  commemoration  of  his  services  in  this  peril- 
ous hour  of  their  need,  a  county  of  Oregon  was 
afterward  called  by  his  name,  lie  «as  possessed 
of  a  singularly  aniialile  disposition,  and  was 
most  scrupulously  honorable,  lie  was  cini- 
iiently  gifted  witli  a  very  gn  tt  versatility  of 
superior  talents,  which  insured  the  al)lo  per- 
formance of  everything  he  undertook.  During 
his  public  life  no  one  ever  insinuated  a  dis- 
lionest  act  itgainst  him. 

In  iMit)  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  'ii rect- 
ors of  the  Nortiiern  Pacific  railroad  for  a  speech 
which  he  made  before  the  ISoard  of  Trade  of 
Pioston,  and  other  efforts  in  their  behalf.  In 
1845,  when  an  editor  in  St.  Louis,  he  advocated 
a  railroad  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  next 
year,  wlien  on  the  Northwestern  shoi'e.  he  used 
bis  pen  in  favor  of  this  great  enterprise. 

After  an  active  pulilic  life  in  the  yfais  men- 
tioned, he  retired  to  his  t'arm  upon  tiie  Willam- 
ette river,  located  a  short  distance  from  (>reg(iii 


4 


428 


IIISTOIiY    OF    OliEGOy. 


fn\'' 


('ity>  ulicrc  111'  ciiifiigcil  ill  Innd  i)|i('iatiiiii>,  lie 
wiih  iil'lurwiinl  ii|i|i(iiiilci|  Stiiti;  I, ami  ('(Mmnis- 
i^ioiicr  and  a  iiiciiilici'  <i\'  tliu  State  Hoard  of 
K>|iiali/atiiMi. 

(ioveriiur  (iiiTV  was  eiiiiiieiilly  a  sell'-inade 
mail,  as  liis  Beliool  fiKiilifies  were  iiieai^er  and  lie 
coiiiineiiced  lil'e  without  inlierited  iiiciins.  Mncli 
ol'  Ills  leitJiu'o  time  wuh  devoted  to  literary  pur- 
suits, and  tile  iirothicts  of  liis  active  mind  and 
ffraeeful  [icn  are  among  the  most  valiiahle  iiul)- 
lieations  of  the  Slate.  Ilisijeatii  was  attrihnted 
to  till'  elTects  of  u  cold,  his  illness  lasting  for 
several  mcmtlis,  during  all  of  which  time  not  a 
word  of  complaint  passed  his  lips.  It  was  on 
.Inly  28,  1878.  just  as  the  Sahliatli  sun  was 
setting  in  all  the  glory  jieculiar  to  the  North- 
west, that  the  spirit  of  this  revered  man  look 
its  lliglit,  leaving  a  hereavcd  family  to  mourn 
the  liiss  of  a  linsldind  and  father,  wh(l^e  lovinir 
kindness  will  never  lie  fcirgntteii,  and  ii  country 
til  cherish  the   memory  of  this  truly  ij;reftt  and 


— ^^^:m¥^ 


S.  SII.VKU.  a  vencrulile  citizen  of   Port- 
laud,  and    nil   Oregon    pioneer  of  ISoO, 
\<*  was    born    in     Nov'li    Hend,    Hamilton 
c.o'iiity,  Ohio,  Noveniher  4,  181-t. 

His  parents,  James  T.  and  Elizabeth  (Tluiiiip- 
eoii)  Silver,  were  natives  of  I'ennsylvania  and 
New  dersey  respectively.  They  eiiiiirrated  to 
Hamilton  county  in  ISO-t,  (iciiend  Williairi 
Henry  Harrison  lieinj:;  among  the  same  emi- 
gration. Mr.  Silver  followed  funning  and  was 
t-nbsequently  ele 'ted  Associate  Judge,  which 
oHice  he  filled  at  Cincinnati  for  several  years, 
until  his  death  in  J82o.  He  and  his  wife  were 
the  pireiit>  of  twelve  children  and  at  this  date 
(I8!t2)  C.  S.  Silver  is  tlie  only  survivor  of  the 
family. 

The  subject  of  onr  sketch  received  his  edu 
cation  at  North  Bend,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
was  apprenticed  in  Cincinnati  to  learn  the  trade 
of  carjienter  and  j'^iuer,  which  he  accomplished 
after  tour  years  of  service.  He  then  located  at 
l'"ort  Wayne,  Indiana,  and  followed  his  trade. 
He  was  married  in  18;iS,  to  Miss  Sarah  I''air- 
tield,  a  native  of  Maine.  He  remained  in  Fort 
Wayne  until  ISoO,  when,  with  his  wife  and  two 
eliihlreu,  he  starlcd  for  the  new  eonntr\  of 
Oreguii,  giiing  lii>t  to  (>iiiciniiati  and  lioin 
there    by   river  to  St.  l,ouis.      At  St.  Louis    l.e 


](urcliased  two  horses,  two  mules,  u  "prairie 
schooner  "' and  the  necessary  outfit,  and  shipped 
all  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri.  On  the  22d  of 
May,  1850,  they  started  from  that  point  on 
their  long  journey  across  the  jilains.  They 
joined  a  small  coiiipauy  of  about  ten  wagons 
anil  traveled  by  the  guidebook  of  General 
Palmer,  which  so  located  can)])ing  groiiiid.s, 
watercourses  and  distances  that  little  tiouble 
was  experienced.  The  loss  of  a  child,  three 
years  old,  by  measles  wa.'j  the  one  great  sadness 
to  ^^r.  and  Mrs.  Silver  on  this  trip  across  the 
plains.  Arriving  at  the  Dalles  on  the  25tli  of 
September,  they  left  the  wagons  and  the  family 
car.ie  to  Portland  by  water,  while  Mr.  Silver 
brought  the  teams  down  by  the  old  pack  trail. 
Ho  arrived  in  I'ortland  October  5,  1850.  They 
found  few  comforts  or  conveniences  for  house- 
keeping, and  began  boarding  at  ^H  per  week, 
furnishing  their  own  bedding  and  sleeping  upon 
the  tloor.  They  soon  secured  one  room  in  a 
two-room  house  and  began  housekeeping,  using 
the  sheet-iron  stove  aiul  tin  dishes  they  brought 
across  the  plains,  and  cooking  out-of-doors  be- 
tween showers.  The  rains  were  so  incessant 
they  thought  it  would  ne\er  clear  up.  Mr.  Sil- 
ver made  a  table  and  bedstead  and  soon  gathered 
up  a  few  necessities,  though  no  luxuries.  In 
the  spring  of  1851  he  brought  his  wagon  fro:ii 
the  Dalles,  and,  with  a  partner,  purchased  two 
loads  of  miners'  supplies  and  started  for  the 
Rogue  river  mines;  but  finding  the  roads  heavy 
and  streams  full,  they  traded  their  supplies  for 
a  band  of  thirty  cattle  and  returned  to  Portland 
and  engaged  in  butchering,  wliicli  they  followed 
about  one  year.  They  then  began  buying  live- 
stock and  slii))ping  to  California,  which  busi- 
ness they  profitably  continued  one  year,  hogs 
selling  at  thirty-five  cents  per  pound  gross 
weight. 

In  185B  Mr.  Silver  took  up  a  donation  claim 
in  Washington  county,  640  acres,  chiefiy  graz- 
ing land,  fenced  in  400  acri;s.  and  engaged  in 
the  stock  business,  keeping  horses,  cattle  and 
sheep.  He  remained  there  until  18(50,  when 
he  returned  to  Portland  and,  after  a  trip  to  the 
Ori^fina  mines  in  Idaho,  formed  a  partnership 
with  William  I'ain  in  the  mercantile  business. 
In  1867  he  purchased  Mr.  Fain's  interest  in 
the  establishnu'iit,  and  c Incted  the  same  suc- 
cessfully until  the  great  fire  of  lH7;i.  when  he 
was  burned  out  and  siiH'ered  so  lieav\  a  loss 
that  he  gave  up  business.  Since  then  he  Ims 
been    engaged    in    speculating   and    newsjmper 


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work,  l)i!iii<i;  connecteil  with  the  I'ortimid 
Weekly  Times,  Daily  KxamiiR'i'.  iiml  Dispiitcli. 
Ill  181)3  Mr.  Silver  was  ap|)()iiite(l  tidmiiiistrator 
of  the  Fiiiice  (3arriitliers'  estate  (the  (imiatioii 
chiiiri  a'ijoiiiiiiif  I'ortlanii),  which  he  siiccesn- 
t'ully  tiettleii  and  tiirtu-d  over  to  the  eoiirt.  In 
ISliT  he  was  elected  ( 'uiinty  ('oiiuiiissioner  by 
tlie  liepnliliean  party,  aiul  !-erved  one  term. 

Mr.  SilviM'  has  owiieil  consideraUle  vah.able 
property  in  Kast  I'ortland  and  near  ISakor  City 
and  in  Claekanias  connty,  wiiicii  he  has  recently 
sold,  lie  and  his  wife  reside  at  (185  South 
Third  stn^et,  Portland,  whiM-e  ho  iinilt  his  cot- 
tage home  in  1880.  They  iiave  no  fhiUiren ; 
the  cliild  they  lirouffht  witii  tlis'in  aiToss  the 
i)l;iins  haviiia  died  in  18()5.  They  ('elehrated 
th -ir  ijoklei!  weddiniij  in  1888,  and  now  after 
more  than  titty  years  of  happy  married  life  are 
still  eiijoyinij  each  other's  society  in  quiet  con- 
tentment, surrounded  by  all  the  comforts  of 
life. 


III.  MAUTIN  (ilKSV,  a  jiromineiit  physi- 
I  cian  and  drugijist  of  Aurora,  Marion 
^^^  county,  Oregon,  came  to  Washington  Ter- 
ritory in  the  year  1855.  He  was  horn  in  liie 
St.ite  of  Pennsylvania,  January  15,  1834,  and 
is  of  Swiss  ancestry.  His  parents  were  farm- 
ers of  a  canton  in  Switzerland,  and  on  coming 
to  America,  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1855 
they  came  to  Washington  Territory,  where  the 
father  died  in  18(50,  in  the  seventieth  year  of 
his  age.  His  wife  survived  him  several  years. 
They  had  a  family  of  fourteen  children,  and 
eight  are  yet  living.  The  Doctor  was  their 
third  chilli  and  was  in  his  twenty-first  year 
when  he  came  to  Washington  and  secured  a 
donation  claim. 

After  his  arrival  at  Aurora  our  subject  ;ead 
medicine  with  Dr.  Keil,  the  founder  ■/(  the 
town,  and  practiced  with  him  for  seven  years. 
Later  he  took  a,  medical  course  at  the  W'ilani- 
ettc  University  and  graduated  in  1868,  and 
then  returned  to  his  practice  in  Aurora,  where 
he  has  remained  ever  since.  In  1870,  in  con- 
nection with  liis  practice,  he  r  pened  a  drug 
stor(>  and  has  been  in  snccesst'iil  practice  and 
(uiirfiged  in  a  good  business  ever  since. 

The  drug  store  building,  wiiich  the  Doctor 
now  owns,  was  built  by  the  colony  in  186!).  In 
1880,  when  the  colony  broke  up,  tlie  Doctor 
pnrchaiod  the  store  and  he  now  also  owns  700 

27 


acres  of  land  in  Clackamas  and  Marion  counties 
and  also  lands  in  Kast  Portland,  and  besides 
this  has  surplus  cash,  which  he  loans  for  the  ac- 
commodation (d'  others. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  Se])- 
tcinber  8,  ls70,  to  .Mis^  .M.  Miller,  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Ohio,  horn  duly  I,  1840.  and  the 
daughter  of  Samuel  Miller.  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
(tiesy  have  bad  a  family  of  seven  chihlien, 
linlius  M.,  residing  at  home  engaged  in  hop 
raising;  Alfred  A.,  died  in  his  si.vtii  year;  I'en- 
j,imiu  !•'.  is  at  sidiool;  .lames  N..  died  in  his 
third  year;  Lilly  M.,  died  in  her  fourth  month; 
Ida  Sarah  and  (irover  Cleveland  are  at  home. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  State  .Med- 
ical Association.  In  politics  he  is  u  Democrat 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraleriiity,  and 
is  well  and  widely  known. 


KVWOOD  nROTHKIlS&  Co.,  mannfac- 
i  tiirers  of  chairs,  chair  rattan  cane,  reed 
•^.l  furniture  and  ciiildreuV  carriages,  arc  the 
most  extensive  manufacturers  in  this  line  in  the 
Tnited  States,  having  factories  at  Garden,  Mas- 
sachusetts, Chicago,  Illinois,  and  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, with  branch  otlices  in  Xew  Vork,  iJalti- 
more,  Boston,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los 
Angeles,  Portland  and  Philadelphia.  The 
Portland  house  was  opened  in  1884  by  the 
present  manager,  Mr.  1>.  F.  llayden.  The 
business  is  exchisi\ely  wholesale  and  the  goods 
are  sold  extensively  all  over  the  -Northwest. 
They  have  a  line  store,  corner  of  Oak  and  Fifth 
stieets,  100  .s  100  feet  and  four  stories  high  and 
a  basement.  There  is  nothing  in  the  line  of 
chairs  but  what  they  manufacture.  Since  com- 
ing to  Portlrnd  Mr.  llayden  has  proved  himself 
a  business  man  of  thorough  aliility  and  has 
made  many  friends,  both  in  Portland  mid  wliei'- 
ever  this  business  extends.  He  is  a  native  of 
Ilochester,  New  Vork.  horn  April  30,  1838. 
His  father,  Allen  llayden,  of  New  Vork  is  of 
English  ancesiry,  who  settled  early  in  .\merica. 
The  grandfather  of  our  subject  participated  in 
tlie  war  for  indc)iendence.  The  son,  Allen 
llayden,  married   !>etsy  <»il...on,  of  V^ermonl. 

Mr.  P.  F.  llayilen  was  the  youngest  of  a  fam- 
ily of  nine  children.  He  was  educated  in  Os- 
wego, New  York,  and  also  at  liochester.  He 
learned  the  upholstors'  trade.  In  the  spring  of 
1861,  when   President   Lincoln    made    his   tirst 


::  R' 


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IP  :1 


4:ll» 


llisrOliY     ()/<'    UliKddN. 


cull  I'oi-  7u,()(l()  til '11,  Mr.  Ilavdcii  enlisted  in 
('(iiii|iitMV  K.  Jliiilfciitli  New  Vdik  V'dluntfiT 
hiliinti-N  iiiul  !-civi(l  with  tliu  iViiiiv  nl'  tlie  I'o- 
tniiiiic.  wiih  in  tlic  tir;-t  liattic  of  linll  IJiin  anil 
uiis  alttrwiii'd  tianslVrred  to  the  Thirty-tliird 
N(!\v  Viiil<  and  K('i'\t'<l  with  them  until  Ik^  l)e- 
ciuni'  di^alili'd  and  was  ditiidiarfrcd  on  a(U'onnt 
of  that  disaliilitv.  Ilo  went  out  as  Fourth  Ser- 
j^iHiit  in  the  Thirteenth  and  was  afterward 
rran>-feried  to  the  'riiirtv-lhird,  and  was  j}roin()- 
led  to  Seeond  iSenreant.  When  he  recovered  his 
liealth  he  enoajrcd  in  surveyiiif^  for  the  Pacific 
railroad,  ile  then  eaine  to  San  i'raneiseo  and 
wa>  with  the  tiiin  of  V.  S.  Chadiiourii  &  Co. 
for  seven  years,  and  in  1880  he  liecanie  con- 
nected with  the  lieywood  Urothers  in  the  San 
I'laiicisco  house  and  after  four  years  with  them 
wa.s  sent  to  I'ortland  to  o])en  and  inanaf^e  this 
.'stahlitihrnent.  .Mi'.  Ilayden  is  n  ineinher  of 
;lie  Ct.  a.  R..  (Jeorj^'c  Wri^dit  i'oet.  Ile  is  a 
nu'iiilier  of  the  athletic  cinii  of  the  city  and  of 
the  driving  assoeiation.  lie  is  a  iior.se  fancier 
and  takes  |)leasurc  in  that  kind  of  sport.  His 
political  views  are  Republican.  In  hnsiness 
matters  he  is  full  of  enterprises  and  takes  an 
interest  in  the  jrrowtli  and   developineiit  of   the 


city. 


« 


[AMKS  iM.  VANDUYjN,  thejunior  nieniher 
(d'  the  pioneer  mercantile  tirin  of  Shelley  ii 
VMiuliiyii,  of  Independence,  is  a  native  son 
of  ( )rei;on,  horn  in  I'olk  enunty,  .Ajiril  14.18u(i. 
11  is  ancestors  were  Hollanders.  His  father, 
Isaac  Vanduyn,  was  horn  in  New  Jersey,  in 
181(1,  ami  vIkui  hut  a  i)oy  removed  to  Illinois, 
from  there  to  Indiana  and  timilly  to  j\Iissouri, 
and  in  185i{  crossed  the  plains,  with  ox  teams  to 
Oreif<in.  lie  had  married  in  Illinois  and  the 
iady  (d'  his  choice  was  Miss  Sarah  Allies,  a  na- 
tive of  Kentucky,  Si,\  idiildren  '.ere  horn  to 
i/iein  hefore  they  made  their  adventuresome  trip 
c.)  Orcfjon.  five  of  whom  were  sons  and  one 
/I  dtiuifhtei'.  These  children  all  (^ame  along  with 
the  parents  to  Orej/en.  The  journey  was  a  sale 
one.  When  Mr.  Vanduyn  landed  iii  Orei/on  he 
was  a  poor  man,  liut  he  located  on  (itO  acres  of 
hind,  a  donation  claim,  in  Kane  county.  Here 
he  jmjcecded  to  erect  the  historic  log  cahin  and 
he;;an  pioneer  life  with  little  else  hesides  honest 
industry,  his  wife  arid  six  children.  Fortunately 
he  hetran  raising;  stock  and  shifipintr  it  lo  tl'*' 
mints  and  was  so  successful  that  he  has  con- 
tinued ill  the  hnsiness  for  the  greater  portion  of 


his  life.  He  has  added  to  his  possessions  until 
he  is  the  owner  (d'  1,KH)  acres  of  valuable  land 
and  is  one  of  the  siicci'ssful  capitalists  of  Ore- 
gon, during  the  early  days  in  Oregon  Mr. 
Vanduyn  and  his  good  wife  were  noted  for  their 
kindness  and  hospitality  to  all  the  emigrants 
and  all  who  were  in  need,  dnne  12,  1885,  Mr. 
Vanduyn  lost  this  faithful  helpinate,-but  he  is 
still  living,  in  his  eighty-secoiul  year.  Although 
this  hoiioretl  pioneer  has  overstepped  the  con- 
tines  of  three  score  and  ten,  he  is  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  good  health,  sound  eyesight  and  still 
takes  an  active  interest  in  all  the  public  affairs  of 
the  day.  He  has  won  and  retained  the  respect 
and  esteem  of  all  who  know  hiin,  by  his  sterling 
honesty  and  thrift. 

The  son  of  this  good  man,  James,  is  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  and  was  educated  in  the  State 
University  and  began  his  active  business  career 
in  his  native  county.  In  1873  he  came  to  Inde- 
pendence and  occupied  the  position  of  clerk  in 
liis  brother  Isaac's  store.  Afier  this  he  engaged 
in  business  in  eastern  Oregon,  on  his  own  ac- 
count for  four  years,  and  in  the  year  1887  re- 
tired to  Independence  ami  bought  out  Mr.  Shel- 
ley's partner,  the  tirni  since  then  being  Shelley 
&  Vandnyn.  These  gentlemen  are  both  pos- 
.sessed  of  line  business  ability  and  their  longex- 
perit  .e  in  their  calling  renders  them  efficient 
and  (lopular  merchants.  The  management  of 
the  firm  is  so  perfect  that  they  are  the  leading 
mercantile  firm  of  its  kind  in  the  entire  county. 
I\[r.  \'andiiyn  was  married  in  1885,  to  Miss 
Zeiia  McCorkle.  a  native  of  Linn  county,  Ore- 
gon, born  June  8,  18fiU.  Their  union  has  been 
blessed  with  one  child,  that  it  was  their  misfor- 
tune to  lose.  Mr.  Vanduyn  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  in  politics  he  is  a  Kopublican  and 
occupies  a  very  prominent  jiart  in  the  local 
affairs  of  Inde|iendence,  the  city  of  his  choice. 
Mr.  \'auduvii  has  devoted  his  time  and  atten- 
tion to  his  business  and  the  success  he  has  at- 
tained in  it  has  ainpiv  re|)aid  him.  He  is  a  man 
who  has  gained  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the 
entire  community  and  all  unite  in  declaring  that 
the  prosperity  he  now  enjoys  is  the  just  reward 
of  a  well-spent  life. 
i 

fUjlOH  AEL  WliEN  is  one  of  the  few  men 
/It   now  living,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1841' 
'    ~36v      lie  was  boriiflnne  51,824,iii  Winnijieg 
I   Canada,  when   it  was  yet  a   very  small  village 


I-    '} 


Si 


■u, 


m .;;  5 


mSTOItr     OF    OHKdOS. 


m 


His  Ciitliur,  Micliiit-1  Wruri,  was  ii  imtivc  of  Swit- 
/.I'rhimi,  ami  died  ulieii  liis  son,  our  subject,  was 
only  tliree  year.-  ot  agi'.  Tlic  mutlicr  ot Hur  su!)- 
ject,  tlircu  yours  after  tlie  dcatli  of  Ills  fatiii.'r, 
married  Horatio  Nelson  Caiilder.  Wiieii  Mr. 
Wren  was  sixteen  years  old  they  eanie  to  Ore 
}T()ii,  with  ox  teams  and  eart.  A  brother  and  sis- 
ter of  Mr.  Wren's  also  eamewith  them,  hut  both 
are  now  deceased.  Tlie  family  spent  two  years 
on  the  Sound,  but  in  184:3  came  to  the  place  now 
occupied  by  Mr.  Wren.  The  dis|)ute  of  the 
ownership  of  the  country  was  tiien  in  full  sway 
and  very  few  people  were  in  the  State,  except  a 
few  trappers,  so  Mr.  Wren  ami  his  mother  had  a 
wide  territory  to  choose  from.  On  the  land  they 
selected  they  built  a  loif  cabin  and  were  amonjj 
tite  earliest  settlersof  Washinirton  county.  They 
eniraoed  in  farminffaud  stock-raisinj^  and  what 
produce  they  could  j^et  to  grow  was  exchauifed 
tor  sueli  supplies  as  they  were  in  need  of,  from 
the  Hudson's  I5ay  ('om])any.  About  twice  a  year 
they  went  to  Vancoiiver  for  sup|)lies.  At  that 
time  Dr.  Mcljanghlin  was  at  Vancouver  as  agent 
for  the  Hudson's  iJay  Fur  Company  and  pur- 
chased all  produce. 

The  stepfather  of  our  subject  took  an  early 
interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  county,  attended  the 
first  mectinirs  of  the  emij;rants  and  acted  with 
them.  Ho  died  in  1885,  in  his  seventy-eitrhth 
year,  but  his  wife  survived  him  a  year  aiul  then 
died,  aged  seventy-five.  Six  cliildren  were  born 
to  thoin  in  Oregon,  and  all  of  tliein  are  now  dead 
but  one. 

In  1838  Mr.  Wren  began  life  for  himself. 
His  first  step  in  that  direction  was  in  the  em- 
ploy" of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  where  lie 
worked  for  wages.  He  was  then  engaged  by 
them  in  packing  produce  to  the  Sound.  When 
the  donation  bind  law  was  passed  he  took  up  a 
donation  claim,  in  184(i,  near  his  mother's  land. 
He  drove  stakes  around  it  to  inark  it  off  and 
soon  had  a  cliatice  to  sell  it  for  $75.  All  this 
tiirio  he  was  saving  his  money,  so  that  he  was 
able  to  purchase  the  right  to  land  on  which  he 
now  resides,  paying  8750  for  it,  cash  down.  On 
this  land  he  hei'ttn  to' raisi-  .  ank,  was  very  suc- 
cessful and  no-  has  600  acres.  Mr.  Wren  has 
been  very  successful  in  raising  Clydesdale  and 
Percheron  horses  '.ud  Shorthorn    cuttle. 

In  184t)  he  mnrried  Miss  Christinnn  Monroe, 

born  at  Hudson's  l-iay  in  1829,  daughter  of  David 

Monroe,  a  Seotchniau  ami  prominent  pioneer  of 

•  Orea.ai,  who  settled   near  Mr.  Wren's    )»roperty 

in  VVaahingtion   conntjr. 


In  September,  1848,  he  started  for  the  gold 
ini?ies  of  { 'alifoinia,  but  .lever  expected  tore- 
turn,  as  he  was  (|nite  sick  when  he  left  home. 
('onse(jueutly  he  couM  not  ilo  luiy  good  for  him- 
self, as  he  could  not  work,  and  hail  to  'euve  tor 
home  as  soon  as  spring  came.  So  in  March, 
1849,  he  returned  to  Oregon.  In  Septendier, 
the  same  year  (1849),  having  recovered  his 
health,  he  again  went  to  the  mines,  overland 
with  pack  horses  and  returned  by  water  in  tlie 
springof  1850;  and  again,  in  lS52,  he  once  more 
ti-ied  his  luck  in  the  mines  of  California,  but 
with  no  better  success  than  his  previous  vent- 
ures, this  being  his  last  experience  in  the  min- 
ing business. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wren  have  had  ten  child  "en, 
one  of  whom  died  in  infancy  and  another,  Tilda, 
died  in  her  eleventh  year.  The  remainder  are 
as  follows:  C.  D.,  a  resident  of  Washington 
Stills-;  Nellie,  now  wife  oftieorge  Keyuolds  and 
resides  in  Troutdale,  ( )regon  ;  ( 'atherine  is  single 
and  at  home;  Mary,  married  Charles  Newell  and 
resides  in  Washington;  Lillie  is  the  wife  of 
Samuel  Moon  and  resides  near  her  father; 
Emma  is  the  wife  of  James  E.  Wilson;  l.ula, 
is  now  Mrs.  Charles  Williamson  and  resides  in 
Portland;  and  Annie  is  at  home  with  her  parents. 

Mr.  Wren  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  < ).  1"'.  and 
in  ])olitics  is  a  Ilepublican.  On  account  of  his 
industry  and  strict  attendance  to  duty,  Mr.  Wren 
has  now  a  very  valuable  farm.  He  is  thoroughly 
informed  as  to  the  progress  of  the  country. 
When  both  Oretjon  and  Washincton  were  still 
Territories,  Mr.  Wren  ti'aversed  them  from  one 
end  to  the  other  and  can  now  aiijireciate  the 
wonderful  development  of  tlie  c.  ■initry.  H<'  fully 
believes  that  Washington  ccitiiy  and  the  entire 
Willamette  valley  has  a  glol'i■,lU^'  future  before 
them  and  in  time  they  will  be  thickly  |)0|)ulated 
with  the  most  prosperous  people  in  the  entire 
world. 

^t0^-^ 

r.ARTON  PKUvEL,  M.  D.,  a  prominent 
physician  ot  Medf(U'd,  Oregon,  was  born 
__  '  *  in  Monroe  county,  east  Tennessee,  Sep- 
temb'r  17,  1801.  He  was  tlu*  son  of  I'reneh 
and  Mary  H.  (Matheny)  I'ickel.  The  former 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  of  German  (h^scent 
and  came  to  Oregon  and  located  in  .Medford, 
May,  1888.  He  died  Moveniber  2('),  1890.  His 
mother  was  a  native  of  Tennessee!,  of  English 
extraction.      Her  ]K'oplc  were  early  pioneers  of 


p 


MM 


4:ia 


lll.\T(iny     Oh'     lU!El!(tS. 


■  \  A 


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'I'UDIH'BHUC.       The   filUlily    (!()ll8i^t(Hl    (if    tLMl     cliil- 

(IrtMi.  v..  liurtdii    I'ickel   licinj,'  flu;  ninth  cliilil. 

At  the  cld^c  lit'  the  wur  tlie  family  rtniuMMl 
ti)  tiie  State  (if  (ieiiifria,  im'ating  at  Athent;,  Imt 
iillci'  one  year  rctnrncil  to  t'a>t  Tennessee  in 
Itoane  eonnty.  K.  Haiton  atteiuled  the  tiraiit 
Memorial  I'niversitv  at  A theiin,  Tennessee,  and 
eonipleteil  iiis  course  in  18S0.  He  hegan  tlie 
Btiiily  of  jiieilicine  iit  Itockwood,  Tennecsee,  in 
l>S8i5,  witii  I)r.  .1.  K.  (ieor^e,  an  eminent  ])hvsi- 
eian  of  the  cihi  sehool.  He  took  his  first  course 
of  lectnres  in  'he  medical  dejiarlmcnt  of  tiie 
linivcrsity  of  i,onis\  ille,  Kentnuky.  in  1SS5.  lie 
practiced  medicine  two  years  in  Roane  connty, 
renncssee,  after  svhiidi  he  ajjain  returned  to 
Louisville,  and  there  frradnated  in  nn-dieine  and 
surgery,  in  the  class  of  \W1  and  1888. 

tie  came  to  Medfor<l  in  the  same  year,  ami 
Inis  since  enjoyed  a  good  jiractice.  Tiie  Doctor 
is  a  man  who  always  kecjis  ahreast  of  tlie  timet', 
as  is  manifested  hy  the  number  of  medical 
jonrmils  to  he  found  on  the  lahles  in  liis  office. 
Although  comparatively  a  new  arrival  at  ^led- 
ford,  he  lias  already  gaiiUHJ  for  himself  a  repn- 
tiitioii  in  tlie  community,  not  only  as  a  skillful 
physician,  Init  aUo  as  a  progressive  and  proini- 
ueiil  citizen. 

lie  is  a  niemher  of  the  State  Medical  Society, 
also  Secretary  of  the  Medical  Society  of  Sontli- 
Oregon,  organized.  May  10,  18'J2.  lie  is  Ciiair- 
iiian  of  the  (Jity  Hoard  of  Health,  and  was 
elected  to  the  City  Council  in  1892.  Tlu*  Doctor 
takes  no  active  ])art  in  political  parties,  but  is 
])roniiuently  identitied  with  the  orders  V.  ik  A. 
M.  and  1.  ().  ().  F.,  and  (,'amp  degree  of  the  last 
naimd  (U-der.  lie  has  jiassed  all  the  official 
chairs  in  the  Subordinate  Lodge,  1.  ().  ().  F. 

He  was  married  in  Loudon  county,  Tennes- 
seee.  May  14,  1885,  to  Miss  Mattie  E.  De 
La!-liniuti,  also  a  native  of  Tenriessee.  They 
have  no  laiuily. 


*^ 


^•ae^ 


^ 


fS.  HULl.N,  one  of  tlie  successful  busintiss 
men  of  Ashland,  was  horn  in  Lane  county, 
*  <  ►regon,  February  21,  185(3,  a  son  of 
L'--ter  Huliii,  a  pioneer  of  the  pioneers.  He  i> 
a  n  itive  of  \ew  Vork  State,  ami  descends  from 
one  of  the  (dd  ami  intlnentiai  families  of  the 
Empire  State,  His  father,  I'eter  Hiiliti,  was  a 
patriot  siddier  in  the  war  of  1812.  Lester  Ilulin 
crossed  the  jjlains  to  Oregon  in  1847.  and  took 
up  fJovernmenl  land    near   the  city  of  Eugene, 


in  1850,  which  he  still  owns.  He  was  married 
in  this  State  to  Miss  Abegail  d.  Craig,  a  native 
of  Micdilgan,  but  who  came  to  Oregon,  via  I'U' 
nama,  in  iSoS.  They  still  reside  in  Kngenu 
City. 

The  sniiject  of  this  sketch,  tliy  eldest  of  si.\ 
children,  four  now  living,  was  reared  to  farm 
life,  and  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  of 
liis  native  county  until  eighteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  attended  tlie  uiiiv(>isity  at  Salem,  and 
com|)leted  his  course  in  1875.  He  ne.\t  located 
at  (^orvallis,  where  lie  engiged  in  the  grocery 
business  five  years.  In  the  hill  of  1886  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Hulin  removed  to  Los  Angeles  county, 
Calit'ornia,  making  the  entire  trip  by  team. 
Eigteen  inoiitiis  later  they  rc^tiirned  to  Oregon, 
again  by  ti-am.  While  a  resident  of  the  former 
city  our  subject  was  engaged  in  teaming,  but 
soon  after  returning  to  this  Slate  he  began 
tanning  and  raising  general  garden  produce. 
He  is  now  located  within  the  city  limits,  has 
thirteen  acres  in  grain,  seven  acres  in  vegetables, 
and  pr(diably  furnishes  more  garden  produce  to 
the  local  trade  than  any  other  one  gardener. 
His  trade,  in  fact,  is  largely  local,  although  be 
ships  late  jiroductions.  celery,  etc.,  both  north 
and  south.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Hulin  also 
raises  fruit,  having  five  acres  adjoining  the  town, 
wdiicli  he  will  eventually  have  set  to  fruit  trees. 
He  now  has  two  .acres  of  this  land  already 
planted,  consisting  of  peach,  apple,  plum  and 
pear  trees.  The  orchard,  although  young,  is 
iiearing  fruit. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Multnomah 
county.  Oregon,  March  14,  1878,  to  Miss  Mary 
Albright,  a  native  of  this  State,  and  a  daughter 
of  Edward  Albright.  The  latter  removed  to 
California  in  1850,  and  two  years  later  located 
in  Oregon,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hulin  have  two  bright 
children:  Leonora  A.  and  Nelson  C.  Our  sub- 
ject is  one  of  Ashland's  lionc>t,  hard-working 
citizens.  On  account  of  family  sickness  he  has 
had  many  reverses,  but  he  started  again  at  the 
foot  of  tin?  ladder,  dctermineil  to  rea<di  the  aver- 
age round  with  his  neighbor,  and  in  this  he 
has  the  aid  and  encouriVgement  of  his  thrifty 
helpmate. 

<H^-^J>  'p-^-.C~;» 

|P^  B.  (!ARTEK.-  For  eleven  years  H.  P.. 
STM]  (Jarter  &  Sons  tilled  the  offices  of  presi- 
»^/'  (lent  and  cashier  of  the  F'irst  National 
Mank  of  Elkadcr.  Iowa;  each  year  elected  with- 
out a  dissenting  vote.      In  Jii'y.  1889,  they  sold 


1 


UlSroKY    OF    OUKdON. 


4a!t 


t: 


their  stock  kikI  resigiiuil  tlicir  positions,  to  seek 
a  more  aeiiinl  dime.  In  Dcciiiiiiiei'  of  the  t^iinie 
yeiir  11.  I!.  (lurter  !iiTani.;eci  with  some  of  the 
leailiii"^  hiisinefs  men  of  .\,shlanii,  Orej,'oii,  to 
e8tiil)lirih  tile  Hank  of  Aslilaiid,  eacli  party  to 
fnriiish  one-half  of  tlie  nquireii  capital.  The 
bank  wan  orj^anized  in  Keliruarv,  1^84,  witli 
W.  H.  Atkinson,  president;  J.  M.  MeCall, 
vice-president;  and  h.  \^  ('arter,  cashier.  The 
hoard  of  directors  were:  W.  II.  Atkinson,  E. 
V.  Carter,  J.  M.  MeCall,  A.  L.  Hammond  and 
Thomas  Smith.  They  commenced  husinesti  May 
7,  1884,  with  a  paid'-np  capital  of  850,0()(),  and 
occupied  their  new  hank  hiiildinfr  the  followinir 
Noveniher.  In  Jnly,  1889,  the  capital  stock 
was  increased  to  $100,000,  paid  in  fidl,  and  with 
W.  11.  Atkinson,  president;  F.  II.  Carter,  vice- 
president;  E.  V.  Carter,  cashier.  The  directors 
are:  W.  II.  Atkinson,  II.  H.  Carter,  1).  U. 
Mills,  n.  Ammerman  and  F.  H.  Carter.  The 
hank  has  frjven  all  practicable  facilities  to  the 
business  of  Ashland  and  vicinity,  while  its  man 
agenient  has  been  eminently  conservative.  No 
bad  debt  has  been  charged  to  profit  and  loss, 
and  its  expenses  and  regular  dividends  have  been 
moderate. 

In  1888  Mr.  Carter  located  at  Ashland,  Ore- 
gon, and  since  that  time  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  its  growth  and  prosperity.  lie 
was  the  chief  promoter  in  the  establishing  of 
the  Ashland  Ellectric  Power  &  Light  Company, 
which  was  organized  November  21,  1888,  with 
a  ])aid-iip  capital  of  $15,000.  The  officers  of 
the  company  are:  II.  11.  Carter,  president;  F. 
Roper,  vice-president;  I'l  V.  Carter,  treasurer; 
and  F.  II.  Carter,  secretary.  The  directors 
are:  II.  15.  Carter,  F.  Roper,"  J.  M.  MeCall,  P. 
Dunn,  D.  R.  Mills,  S.  B.  Galey  and  Jacob 
Thompson.  Ashland  can  boast  of  the  finest 
electric  light  system  of  any  town  in  the  State. 
Mr.  Carter  is  well  pleased  with  his  mountain 
home,  and  has  great  faith  in  its  future  advance- 
ment. A  few  lines  of  his  parody  on  Beautiful 
Venice,  may  illustrate  his  views: 

THK     IIKIOE    OF    THE    MOUNrAINS. 

Home  of  my  choice  cosy  retreat, 

From  torture  of  winter  aud  tiopioal  heat, 

Where  blizzards  do  more  can  sliHe  my  breath, 

Nor  cyclones  can  revel  in  harvest  of  death. 

The  air  is  all  mildness,  breezes  caressing, 

All  nature  is  lovely,  life  is  a  blessing. 

My  home's  in  the  valley,  at  times  it  shall  be 

A  tent  'mong  the  mountains,  .so  wild  and  so  free 


Even  a  bride  smile.t  (bronuh  her  tears; 

.A.nd  HouiPlime.-.  our  valley  iinili'  (jismiil  appears, 

When  snows  ol  llie  luoiintuin  inlrude  on  tin-  plain. 

Or  all  seems  half  drowned  in  a  deluge  of  rain. 

Ibit  even  the  slornis  are  ileenied  no  inlriHioii. 

For  lliey  liriiiL'  llowers  am!  fruit  m  iirofiision 

I  have  known  iiiany  hor.ies,  no  desert  for  me. 

My  home  'mong  the  rainbi/ws  and  sunshine  sh  ill  lie. 

All  llial's  iovely  in  life,  or  deuihless  in  song. 
Oio- i-liar.ued  mniiitain  Vale  lo  lliy  region  Ipeloiig. 
1  liave  known  many  liomcs.  and  cherish  llie  p.isl. 
But  Hml  among  the  mourUains  c  iiitealmenl  al  last. 


---^€®:ii!^-^ 


fAMES  DALCITY.  president  of  th(>  Scan 
dinavian  Packing  (!oinpany,  is  a  native  of 
Scotland,  and  for  forty  years  has  bei'ii 
closely  connected  with  canning  interest.s.  Ills 
experience  began  in  Aberdeen,  Scidlaud.  in 
1852,  with  IJickso!!.  Hogarth  &  Co  ,  who  were 
among  the  tirst  to  jiack  in  tin,  and  who  snbse- 
ipiently  invented  the  '•  retort,"  which  is  now  of 
general  use  in  all  packing  establishments.  Our 
subject  remained  with  the  above  firm  for  seven- 
teen years,  and  during  that  time  passed  si,\ 
years  at  Ueadford.  England,  in  the  establish- 
ment of  Dickson,  Hogarth  &  Co.,  engaged  in 
packing  meats  for  the  English  <ioveriiment.  In 
18*38  he  went  to  tjneenslaiid,  Australia,  t'nr  the 
same  firm,  and  engaged  in  the  picking  of  beef 
and  mutton  for  a  period  of  throe  years,  when 
the  firm  retired  from  business.  Mr.  Dalgity 
then  returned  to  Aberdeen  aud  engaged  with 
the  celebrated  packing  establishmotit  of  Mar- 
shall ix.  Co.,  remaining  until  1871).  when  he 
came  to  Westport,  Oregon,  as  siiporintendent  of 
the  canning  departinont  of  .lolin  West,  a  promi- 
nent packer  of  that  town.  In  1S77  Mr.  Dalgity 
engaged  with  M.  ,1.  Kinney,  as  manager  and 
preserver  of  his  cannery,  and  during  the  season 
put  up  52,000  cases  of  salmon,  at  tliat  time  the 
largest  one  pack  made  on  the  river  by  any  one 
house.  In  1878  he  was  employed  by  the  Eagle 
Cannery  Ompany;  in  1879  by  the  Fishermen's 
Packing  ('ompany,  and  in  1880  he  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Scandinavian  Packing 
Company,  the  shareholders  being  fishermen, 
and  the  cannery  was  established  upon  the  co- 
operative plan,  Gue  Holmes  being  elected  [ifesi- 
deiit,  and  Mr.  Dalgity  foreman  and  preserver. 
After  the  incorporation  they  purchased  the  can- 
nery of  Watson  P>ros.,  called  Tongue  I'oint 
Cannery,  and  conducted  a  successful    business 


4:I4 


JIISTOUY    OF    OUSaON. 


until  ISSS.  wlu'ii  tlicy  (mji  (.(jliiliitcfl  with  the 
|•'i^■llt■l  iiiciiV  I'liclsliij;  l,'oiii|iiiMy,  iiikI  coiitimiLd 
iiiiiici'  tlic  ririjriiiiil  iiaiiio.  Our  siiliject  wiis 
»;lccteil  |)it'Bl(li!rif  of  the  new  <M)in|)aiiy,  «ik1  aluo 
coiitiiiiiiMl  ill  Ills  |iiisitl(iii  (if  riii'L'iiiHii  liiul  pre- 
w^iviT,  in  III!  tlircc  (if  wliirli  iidnitiuns  he  utill 
iTiiiiiins.  'I'lify  iiiii'k  uniiniill}'  aiiont  25, ()()() 
I'lihcH,  anil  tlicif  c^noilr-  htand  anioni;  tliu  tirht  in 
tlii^  inaiki'tM  III'  Aiijciifa  and  I'Jiirlaiiil.  Almut 
8(10  lianiis  ai'(^  iMii]il(iyt!(l  in  litiliiiiir  and  about 
the  ciinni'i'y,  the  Huh  bcinij  eliietly  caiij^iit  with 
^ill  iii'tH.  In  additiiin  to  iiin  interests  in  this 
canncr}',  he  is  iMinnected  witli  the  ('hiffnik  J'ay 
Cannery  at  Ahiska,  and  in  the  Alaska  Packing 
(iiiiipany  at  l)ri>t(il  1'  ,  in  tlie  cajiacity  of 
stdckhtijder  in  eacdi  case.  Hiitii  eanneries  have 
1111  iiiiniial  iint|iut  of  2o,{)0()  cases. 

Onr  subject  wae  married  in  Scotland  in  1854, 
to  Miss  Ann  Aiild,  and  they  have  had  six  chil- 
dren, two  sons  and  four  dauj^diters.  Mr.  Daijrity 
atHliates  with  the  K.  of  P.  As  a  pre^^erver  and 
packer  of  tisli,  llcsh  or  fowl,  Mr.  Dalgity  stand  ' 
unrivaled  on  the  Pacific  coast. 


jNDUKW  ■;.  CllKiLKK,  of  rmatilla 
county,  OrciTon,  and  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  the  coast  country,  was  born  in  Madison 
county.  V^irginia,  on  the  Uoiieson  river,  near 
('I'igliM-sville,  .laniiary  1,  1832.  When  two 
years  old  his  fatiier  took  him  and  the  others  of 
the  family  to  Boone  county,  Kentucky.  His 
father  was  Jonas  Crigler,  a  native  of  Virginia; 
and  his  mother  was  Lucy  V.  (Finks)  Crigler,  a 
native  of  the  same  State.  The  removal  to 
Hoone  county,  Kentucky,  occurred  in  1834, 
two  years  hit^r  the  family  going  to  Monroe 
county.  Missouri,  where  the  father  bought  land 
on  Salt  river,  near  Floriila,  and  lived  there  until 
his  death  in  1862,  at  the  age  of  sixty-three 
years,  liis  wife  passing  away  seven  years  after, 
at  the  age  of  si.\ty-one  years.  They  were  the 
parents  of  eight  children:  William,  Jefferson, 
Ileiiry.  John,  our  subject,  Franklin,  Thomas 
and   Mary. 

Andrew  J.  Crigler  received  a  common-school 
training,  in  a  log  liouse  in  Monroe  county,  Mis- 
souri, and  lived  with  his  parents  until  twenty 
years  of  age,  being  fnll  of  energy  and  work, 
which  were  sIkiwii  in  hard  labor  upon  the  farm. 
At  the  age  named  he  engaged  with  a  Dr.  (ilenn 
to  assist   in  drivinj;   500  head  of  cattle  and   a 


number  of  horses  across  the  plains  to  California, 
this  journey  being  from  the  iMissouri  to  the 
Sacramento  river,  and  occiijiying  six  months' 
time.  lie  received  no  pay  for  the  time  taken 
for  the  journey,  having  to  be  content  with  the 
jiayinent  of  his  ex[)ensc8  by  the  doctor.  Tho 
jmrty  was  attacked  several  times  by  the  Indians, 
liut  none  of  the  men  lost  their  lives.  The  cat- 
tle were  not  so  fortunate,  several  of  them  havini' 
been  picked  oti'  by  the  redskins. 

Ueacliing  the  mines  of  California,  our  sub- 
ject, being  without  money,  liired  out  upon  a 
wheat  farm,  until  having  accunnilated  sonm 
cash,  he  went  to  work  at  gold  digging  on  Mur- 
derers' bar,  American  river,  being  very  fortu- 
nate, sometimes  getting  as  much  as  ^S5()  a  day. 
After  two  years,  having  got  together  ijuite  a 
sum  of  money,  the  longings  fur  the  old  home 
were  so  strong  that  ho  took  jiassage  on  a  steamer 
and  returned  by  way  of  the  Isthmus.  Taking 
in  his  old  birthplace  for  a  little  while,  he  then 
visited  Missouri,  and  after  a  short  stay  there 
again  crossed  the  ))lains  in  1859.  taking  with 
him  stock  of  his  own,  which  he  traded  off  after 
his  arrival  in  California.  On  entering  Cali- 
fornia he  settled  on  a  farm  in  Sutter  county, 
five  miles  west  of  (Jencral  Sutter's  farm,  be- 
ginning o[)eration9  as  a  fanner  with  a  yoke  of 
cattle.  Here  he  remained  eight  years,  then  re- 
moved fifteen  miles  to  Vnba  City,  and  was  still 
a  resident  of  that  city  during  the  tlood  of  18GI- 
T>2.  After  this  ho  again  turned  his  face  east- 
ward, going  by  the  way  of  the  Isthmus.  Reach- 
ing Missouri,  he  remained  there  for  some  time, 
trading  in  cattle,  (ioing  to  Texas,  he  bought  a 
lot  of  cattle  and  mules,  which  he  drove  north, 
and  then,  in  company  with  Robert  Anderson, 
an  old  friend,  he  went  a  third  time  to  California, 
making  his  homeward  journey  as  on  the  two 
previous  occasions.  He  reached  Missouri  in 
18t]5,  and  started  in  the  mercantile  business, 
locating  a  new  town,  Johnson  City,  in  St.  Clair 
county,  Missouri,  fourteen  miles  west  of  Osceola, 
and  east  of  Taberville.  He  tluMi  moved  to 
Monagan.  where  he  was  appointed  Postiiiaster. 
Here  he  continued  to  live  for  iive  years,  when 
the  California  fever  again  attacked  him,  so  he 
sold  out  and  went  over  the  plains  a  fourth  time; 
not,  however,  before  taking  a  life  partner,  his 
choice  being  Miss  Mai-y  II.,  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Martha  Ilerndon,  all  natives  of  Kentucky, 
who  removed  to  Missouri  when  Mrs.  Crigler 
was  quite  young.  The  marriage  took  place  in 
18t!9,  and    the   trans-continental  trip  in    1871, 


If 
I 


i,.n  :;.» 


lIIHrOHY     OF    OliKOON. 


4.S5 


Ilia  wife  accoin|)iinyiiip  liim.  They  went  to 
wlint  wiirt  then  \Viisliiii<^t()ii  'IV'rritory,  on  the 
(Jowlitz  river,  ^toppiiii^  for  ii  sliort  time  iit 
Olyinpia,  — jtitit  tiiifi'  wci^ks,  and  |)rocM'(!(le(l  to 
<  )regon,  iavinfi;  over  iit  <) region  ('ity.  The  one 
great  cry  tiieii  was  '•eurttern  Oreiron'";  so  he 
iriaiie  iiin  way  to  Umatilla  county,  where"  he  was 
engage*!  in  raising  sheej)  tor  seven  yeiirs. 

Mr.  (Irigler  t(jok  up  land  in  the  latter  place, 
near  Athena,  where  he  made  him  a  farm.  lie 
MOW  owns  320  acres  of  as  fine  land  as  there  is 
ill  the  county;  al.-^o  forty  acres  three  miles  north 
of  Milton,  in  the  liesr  part  of  the  Walla  Walla 
valley,  seven  miles  from  Walla  Walla  city, 
which  he  has  improved  atnl  set  to  fruit  for  his 
liome,  still  operating  his  farm  and  keeping  his 
ranch  upon  his  farm  near  Athena.  Here  he 
raises  the  iinest  herries  and  fruit  generally  that 
can  he  found  anywhere;  als(»  cherries  and  pears. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  (Jrigler  have  had  seven  chil 
<iren  horn  to  them,  viz  :  Kreiich,  a  young  man 
of  twenty-two,  having  charge  ot  his  father's 
hor.-es,  150  in  all;  Luhi  May,  a  sweet  young 
woman,  who  died  at  the  age  of  sixteen;  Mattie, 
Josie,  Delia,  Samuel  and  Lena,  all  at  i>  3ine. 

Mr.  Crigler  is  one  of  the  very  s^cce^  jful  pio- 
neers and  miners  of  the  coast.  He  is  a  memher 
of  Dolt  Lodgo,  No.  80,  A.  F.  &  A.  M..  at  Athe- 
na. Politically,  he  is  independent,  hut  was 
originally  a  Democrat.  For  some  time  past  he 
lias  heen  a  strong  advocate  of  the  People's 
party,  and  hclieves  that  tiie  laboring  class 
should  manaije  the  affairs  of  the  nation,  instead 
of  a  few  capitalists. 


(iIRAM  A.  STRAIGHT,  a  banner  pioneer 
of  Oregon,  his  advent  ontlie  scene  of  this 
glorious  common  wealth  dating  from  1844. 
lie  being  one  of  the  few  now  surviving,  who 
crossed  the  plains  in  that  early  day,  was  horn  in 
Washington  county,  New  V'ork,  March  seventh, 
1814. 

His  father,  Elisha  Straight,  was  also  a  native 
of  the  Empire  State,  the  ancestors  of  the  fam- 
ily having  heen  early  .settlers  of  Massachusetts. 
Klisha  Straight  was  married  in  Washington 
county,  New  York,  to  Mrs.  Lydia  Fanning,  and 
they  had  twelve  children,  ten  of  whom  are  now 
living. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  next  to  the 
oldest  child,  and  was  reared  to  manhood   in    his 


native  county.  In  ls;{S  In-  icimommI  in  ihc  North 
western  Territory,  which  tlu.Mi  ineliiilel  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Illinois,  .Michlgiui,  \Viscon,-.iM.  mid  in 
fact  all  tcrritoit  west  of  reini-ylvaiiia.  Ilt^  lo 
cated  on  the  Mississipjii  river,  nut  far  Iroin  where 
liurllngton,  Iowa,  now  stands,  wlirre  he  settled 
on  a  (iovernnient  elaiiii.  lie  m.u-ried  Miss 
Susan  Lasswell,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  liiey  con- 
tinued to  reside  on  this  land  until  IS4iJ,  when 
they  8tarte(l  with  an  ix  team  for  Oregon.  They 
hail  one  child,  Oyrus,  then  live  years  of  age. 

With  his  wife  and  little  son,  a  cMvered  wagon, 
three  yoke  id' oxen,  a  gun,  ammunition  and  some 
thuir  and  batton,  with  a  very  little  money,  this 
brave  litth;  company  started  on  their  long  and 
perilous  journey  across  the  dreary  plains.  A 
stranger  by  the  name  of  Ileiiiy  Hunt  propi)>eil 
to  accompimy  them,  and  being  fav()rat)ly  im 
presscni  with  his  appearance,  they  coiisfnlcil. 
lie  |)urchase(l  a  set  of  sawmill  irons,  and  they 
secured  another  wagon  and  three  uku'c  yoke  of 
oxen,  and  startiMl  on  their  long  journey.  They 
came  with  a  company  which  was  commanded 
by  Jesse  Applegate.  Mr.  Straight,  his  wife 
and  little  boy  occupied  the  wagon  at  night, 
while  the  men  slejit  under  the'  wagon,  orwliere- 
ever  they  liked.  They  had  a  safe  journey  of 
nine  months,  wlum  they  arrived  at  Fort  Hall, 
where  some  persons  tried  to  convince  them  that 
it  would  be  impossible  for  them  to  continue 
their  journey  with  wagons.  Dr.  Whitman, who 
was  with  the  party,  thereupon  guaranteed  that 
they  should  make  a  successful  |)assage  through 
tiie  country  by  wagon,  and  accordingly  the 
company  concluded  to  continue  lui  their  w'liy. 
They  follnved  the  trails  and  side  hills,  and 
wereobliged  to  dig  and  make  roads  wideenough 
for  their  wagons,  in  order  to  keep  them  from 
upsetting.  They  were  thus  niiich  delayed,  but 
were  enabled  to  get  through  in  safety,  theirs  be- 
ing the  first  wagon  train  that  ever  came  to  Ore- 
gon, and  the  road  which  caused  tlicni  so  much 
labor  served  many  emigrants  who  followed  later. 
The  Indians  had  burned  off  all  the  grass,  which 
obliged  the  company  to  leave  their  stock  in  care 
01  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  who  agreed  to 
ca  2  for  them  through  the  winter  for  one  dollar 
a  head.  Arrived  at  Walla  Walla,  the  company 
obtained  nails  and  whipsaws,  with  which  to 
make  boats.  At  the  cascades,  the  company 
transferred  their  goods  by  land  around  the 
rajiids,  while  the  Indians  ran  their  boats  through 
the  cascades,  both  parties  meeting  at  the  Dalles, 
where  the  supplies  were  packed   into  the   boatS) 


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mil!   tlic  journey   wiin    iniiclt!    hy     wiitcr    to    tlii' 

IMOIltll    III     tilt'    Willllllli'ttt'. 

At  tlii~  |ioiiil   Mr.  Slriiii^lif  iciiiaiiKMl  for    two 
iiiotillii*,  wlii'ii  lu'  ciiiMt!  to  ( »r(ooii  City  mid  took 

H  (ioVtM'llintillt  cIhIiII,  Wllil'll   WHH  loClltCll    II    iiiilo 

mill  II  liitir  lieliiw  tin'  pri'fciit  Hitu  ol  that  city. 
Tlic  fiilluwiii^  Hjiriiii,'  tilt!  (•i)iii|miiy  l)roii;{lit 
tliclr  Htorl<  tliroiii,'li.  At  Ori'j^oii  City  tlicrc  wiin 
tlii'ii  II  M('tllolli^t  Mi^MJoii  miii  till' II  iiilson's  Hay 
('oiii|iiiiiy.  Soiiif  ot  tlit'ir  hiir)|ilii;n  were  lioiight 
in  ( )ii';ioii  City  anil  f^oiiif  lit  VaiicoiivLT.  They 
liail,  howcvi'i',  Very  littlti  nioiiuy,  mnl  lived  on 
wliat  they  could  kill  iind  the  very  eheapost  faro. 
Mr.  Straight  wore  Iniukskiii  (.'lothi's,  and  went  for 
two  years  witlioiit  idioes.  When  he  had,  tiiially 
gotten  soiiK!  land  fenced  in,  he  raised  some  vem't- 
ahles,  oats  and  hay,  which  were  all  destroyeil  liy 
the  Clackamas  Indians  lettinj;  their  horses  into 
the  crops  at  ni^lit,  which  they  would  caret'iilly 
remove  hel'ore  daylight  the  next  iiiorniiif^.  These 
Indians  had  ii  village  near  his  claim,  and  were 
iniicli  incensed  at  the  white  men  for  takiiii.' what 
they  considered  were  their  lands.  Oi.eday,  si.xty 
of  their  hraves  came  to  Mr. Straight  and  demand- 
ed of  him  |iay  for  their  land,  when  he  told  them 
the  (iovernment  would  jiay  them  for  it,  hut  he 
had  much  dilHculty  in  making  them  understand 
him.  Some  of  the  settlers  paid  tliein  a  little 
for  their  land,  while  others  did  not.  Althotigh 
much  oppre.ssed  hy  lack  of  iieatm  and  forced  to 
endure  many  hardships.  .Mr.  Straight  showed 
the  traits  of  his  New  England  ancestry,  dis- 
playing all  the  iVnglo-Sa.xon  tenacity,  for  which 
thev  were  famous.  All  olistacles  served  lint  to 
stimuliite  him  to  new  endeavors,  (iiveii  such 
an  indomitahlo  will  and  perseverance,  what  could 

Kissilily  intervene  between  him  and  success? 
othing,  as  his  future  history  fully  shows.  Hy 
intelligent  mid  persistent  ell'ort,  supplemented 
hy  the  tertility  of  the  virgin  soil  of  this  glorious 
commonwealth  he  realized  aliuiidant  crops,  and 
accumulated  a  competence. 

His  ability,  energy  and  progressive  disposi- 
tion, naturally  made  him  a  leader  among  his 
I'ellow-ineii,  by  who  he  was  elected  to  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature.  In  this  capacity  he  did  Jiis 
toward  framing  wise  laws  for  their  guidance  and 
protection, and  never  lost  an  o|)poi'tiinity  to  sub- 
serve the  territory's  best  interests  and  aid  in  its 
fullest  development. 

As  time  passed,  and  other  settlers  came  into 
the  country  he  subdivided  his  claim,  and  the 
village  of  I'ark  Place  is  now  located  on  part  of 
his    property.      The  railroad    station  of  Paper 


Mill  is  also  located  on  his  land.  He  is  one  of 
the  largest  lanih'd  |iro|)ri('tors  in  the  country, 
all  of  his  property  being  in  a  very  desirable  Hiid 
valuable  k'Catioii. 

When  became  to  Oregon,  tlic  present  site  of 
I'orthind,  that  tliriving  metropolis  of  80,000  in- 
habitants, was  but  a  waving  mass  of  tir  trees, 
which  formed  a  dense  forest  on  the  banks  of  the 
river,  i'irds  built  their  nests  unmolested  in 
their  gloomy  solitudes,  the  ijuietness  of  wliicli 
was  only  broken  by  their  calls  to  their  feathered 
mates.  The  rude  iiut  of  the  Indian  marked 
the  plain,  where  Imsy,  bustling  villages  now 
staiul.  The  limpid  streams,  for  which  this  re- 
gion is  fiimons,  were  unriitHed,  save  by  an  oc- 
casional conoe,  guided  by  some  dusky  deiiizi'ii 
of  the  forest.  Now,  steamboats,  which  are 
moving  palaces,  jilow  these  waters,  carrying  on 
their  decks  a  swarming  multitude.  One  chu 
fairly  envy  Mr.  Straight  the  privilege  of  wit- 
nessing the  wonderful  traiisforinatioii  of  the 
scene.  Such  an  experience  is  ample  comjKinsa- 
tion  for  age.  He  is  now  seventy-nine  years  of 
aire,  of  muscular  build,  erect  bearinij,  and  ex- 

r",    '  o' 

cellent  health,  with  faculties  as  alert  as  in  youth. 

Tlu^  following  is  a  brief  account  of  the  family 
ol  this  worthy  jiioneer:  Cyrus,  the  oldest  of  the 
family,  has  long  been  married  and  resides  near 
his  father;  Mary  was>  born  at  Kort  Hall,  on  the 
journey  to  Oregon,  and  has  now  grown  to  in- 
teres.ting  womanhood,  and  is  the  wife  of  Mr. 
.lohn  Casoii,  living  in  the  State  of  Washington; 
Jane,  a  native  of  (iregonian,  is  the  wife  ot  Air. 
.lames  Jiingliam,  and  resides  in  Clackamas 
couiit>,  this  State;  Hiram,  lives  in  Oregon  City; 
he  follows  agricultural  pursuits,  and  has  inher- 
ited much  of  the  ability  of  his  ancestors,  he 
has  served  in  the  Legislature,  in  which  capacity 
he  distinguished  himself  for  good  judgment  and 
the  highest  integrity.  John,  the  next  son, is  al- 
so married,  and  resides  with  his  family  on  his 
father's  original  homestead,  and  his  father  lives 
with  him.  Julia,  the  youngest,  is  the  wife  of 
Isaac  Frost,  and  lives  in  Cl.ickanias  county. 
Six  children,  thirty-four  grandchildren,  and  one 
great  grandchild  now  live  to  bless  Mr.  Straight 
in  his  declining  years. 

Mr.  Straight's  faithful  wife  and  devoted 
mother  of  this  family  died  in  1886,  in  her 
seventy-fifth  year.  For  forty-nine  years  she 
had  known  no  interest  except  that  of  her  hus- 
band ami  children.  Forsaking  parents,  home 
and  friends,  slie  journeyed  thousands  of  inilea 
into  a  wild  and  cheerless  country,  exposed    to 


li 


1 


U I  STORY    (IF    lUlKilOlf. 


Ml 


liiiril«lii|i!*  ami  ilimi.'i'r,  wlu-ro  the  wciiry  iiiuiiot- 
iiiiv  of  lift;  was  iiiivarii'ii  liy  any  of  tliosi)  miti- 
^atiii^  iiithu'ii<'(*H  wliicli  civili/tation  ami  ucaltli 
l)('>to\v.  Tliiis  (iitiiMli'd.  hIu'  f<illo\vu(l  tlii^  jiatli 
of  iliity  an  sIk!  (li.-ccriifil  it, with  iwiwavi'riii),;  tiili'l- 
ity  anil  nntlimrliin;;  lirrnnoss,  Sln^  raix'il  a  iariji' 
family  td  rt'S|i(!ctal)li!  nianliooil  ami  wonianliouil, 
wild  survive  to  l)l(!ss  ht'i'  .sainliMl   nicnioiy. 

Tliiis  liavt^  wt<  travfi'MMl  witli  Mr.  Straio;lit 
many  weary  inilcc  and  witncsstil  his  many  liarii- 
sliips,  which  he  liaM  itmlurcd  with  manly  forti- 
tude, comb-itting  ditlicnltioH  whieli  hue^vt  Ilia 
path  with  dotermination,  with  his  eyes  fixed  on 
the  goal  of  success,  as  the  mariner  looiis  to  the 
gnidiii;;  light  of  the  ])olar  star.  Like  tl:  ■  mar- 
iner, \\v  has  anchored  in  peaceful  waters,  where 
his  heart  is  (dieered  liy  the  greetings  of  children 
and  friends,  from  whom  he  is  never  more  to 
roam , 


fON'UAD  liOEI.LING.deceasod,  wasnum- 
liered  among  the  Oregon  pioneers  of  1S47, 
who  left  their  Eastern  homes  of  peace 
inid  plenty,  to  cross  the  inhospitable  desert,  and 
ii.idst  strange  surroiindings  and  in  an  unde- 
veloped country,  to  build  np  and  reclaim  the 
land,  ot'  which  the  resoui'Les  were  but  slightly 
known,  lie  was  born  in  llesbe-Cassel,  (Jermany, 
in  1803,  his  ancestry  being  lonj,'  resident  in  that 
locality,  find  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  early  manhood,  Mr.  IJoelliiig  was  apprenticed 
to  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker,  in  which  ho  be- 
came very  proficient,  and  seeking  a  broader  field 
in  which  to  follow  his  trade,  he  emigrated  to 
the  United  States  in  1831,  and  going  to  I'liila- 
ilelphia  he  found  occnpation.  After  about  tif- 
teen  months,  lie  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and 
there  engaged  in  a  manufactory  of  furniture, 
finding  a  market  in  the  Southern  cities. 

lie  was  married  in  1838,  to  IMiss  Pliilipoena 
F.  Veitli,  a  native  of  Rhine,  Bavaria.  He 
changed  his  location  to  Peoria,  Illinois,  and 
there  continued  in  the  manufacturing  business, 
when  he  sold  out,  and  purchased  a  prairie,  outfit 
of  two  wagons  and  ten  yokeof  oxen,  one  spring 
wagon,  and  two  liorses,  and  with  liis  wife  and 
two  children  started  for  Oregon.  In  view  of 
future  manufacturing,  he  brought  with  him  a 
set  of  i.-iill  irons,  for  a  water-power  sawmill. 
The  tri])  was  safely  and  successfully  accom- 
plished, and  after  seven  months  of  travel  they 
landed  at  the  Dallas.  Cuttinj;  down  trees  which 


they  sawed  with  a  whip  saw  into  lumber,  Ihey 
constriK'ted  llat  Ixiath,  and  upon  them  traveled 
(o  tile  cascades,  walking  around  the  portiig(>, 
while  tlie  Indians  to(d<  the  boats  over  the  rapids. 
Again  loading  up,  they  sailed  to  Columbia 
sliiiigh,  and  there  built  a  log  house,  and  there 
jiasM'il  the  winter.  In  February,  IMS,  they 
descended  the  riverto  Astoria,  thence  to  ^  onng's 
river,  where  .Mr.  Ilotlling  passed  the  summer 
ill  getting  out  liimbiu'  to  build  a  sawmill.  On 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  in  l!S48, 
there  was  a  stampede  for  tiie  mines,  and  in 
th<!  fall,  Mr.  Hoelling  joined  the  number  and 
started  overlaiul,  with  an  o.\  wagon  loaded 
with  i)acoii  and  siipjilies.  The  tires  in  smitherii 
Oregon,  slopped  his  progress,  and  compelled  the 
return  of  his  team,  but  he  continued  on  horse- 
back and  mined  through  the  winter  U|)on  the 
American  and  Feather  rivers,  Tliere  was 
plenty  of  gold,  but  provisions  being  so  v(>ry 
expensive,  very  little  was  saved,  and  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1849  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  to  his 
untinished  mill,  which  he  found  had  been  de- 
stroyed by  the  Indians,  during  his  absence.  He 
then  located  in  Astoria,  and  built  a  liottd,  which 
he  operated  until  18(il.  He  then  built  in  the 
woods,  the  home  now  occupied  by  his  faniily,  on 
the  corner  of  Astor  and  !>entoii  streets,  and  they 
settled  therein.  Purchasing  a  farm  of  040 
acres,  on  the  Lewis  and  Clark  rivers,  Mr.  IJoell- 
ing  engaged  in  fanning,  which  he  followed  up 
to  1877,  when  he  retired  from  active  business, 
and  returning  to  Astoria,  passe<l  his  closing 
years,  dying  February,  1885,  aged  eighty-two 
years.  His  widow,  aged  seventy  years,  and  six 
children  still  survive:  Mina,  wife  of  Moses 
Uogers,  deceased;  Mary  C,  wife  ot  Captain 
Flavel;  Sophia,  Eliza,  Thomas  and  Voelmetoii. 
Mr.  Hoelling  was  vei'y  active,  and  for  fifteen 
years  served  as  County  Treasurer,  besides  manv 
years  in  local  oltices  connected  with  city  affairs, 
and  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  steadfast,  re- 
presentative citizens  of  Astoria. 


APTAIN  15.  F.  PACKARD,  Pilot  Com- 
missioner at  the  port  of  Astoria,  was  born 
in  Rockland.  Maine,  in  1843.  His  parents, 
Joseph  and  Sarah  (Brewster)  Packard,  were  na- 
tives of  the  same  State,  and  descended  from 
Puritan  stock.  The  former  was  a  follower  of 
the  sea,  sailing  as   master  for  a   period  of  over 


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33  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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UlSTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


forty  years.  The  last  sliip  he  siiiled  in,  was 
wrecked,  heiiig  struck  l)y  lightning.  He  then 
r^^tired  from  sea  lite,  reinovintr  his  family,  in 
187'J,  to  Sara,  Washiiiijton,  where  he  located  a 
honiestend,  and  passed  the  cloRiiifi;  years  of  his 
lite  in  agricidtural  pnratiits.  His  widow  isstill 
living,  aged  seventy-three  years. 

H.  K.  Packard  passed  his  childhood  in  Maine, 
until  the  agy  of  tit'teen  years,  when  he  went  to 
sea  with  his  t'atiier,  trading  in  the  Atlantic  and 
all  the  Kuro|)ean  ports.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
seven,  he  hccaine  triaster  of  the  bark  Mary  M. 
Bird,  in  which  he  ownrd  an  interest  with  A. 
J.  Hird  vfe  Company.  He  traded  between  I'ort- 
land,  Maine,  and  Huenes  Ayres.  South  America, 
carrying  lumber  out  and  wool  and  hides  as  a 
return  cargo.  He  was  engaged  in  this  trade  for 
eight  years,  and  tlieti  sailed  in  the  West  Indies' 
trade,  and  at  intervals  was  captain  of  the 
schooners  Clara  Smith  and  William  Wilson. 
He  sailed  the  sloop  yacht  Coynettc.  owned  by 
Hird  &  Company, and  ei  ^aged  in  passenger  serv- 
ice between  Rockland  and  Mount  Desert. 

Captain  Packard  was  married,  in  Rockland 
in  1H71,  to  Miss  Emma  C.  Bird,  a  native  of 
Maine,  daughter  of  A.  .1.  Bird.  In  1879,  Cap- 
tain Packard  and  family  moved  to  Sara,  AVasli- 
inglon,  but  after  a  few  months,  located  in  As- 
toria and  engaged  in  clerking  for  A.  Van  Dnsen, 
the  pioneer  inercliant,  and  has  continued  in  the 
employ  of  his  siiceessor,  Mr.  .1.  H.   Wyatt. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Packard  have  two  children: 
Reta  B.  and  Hattie  B.  In  March,  1891,  the 
Captain  was  appointed  by  (Tovernor  S.  Pennoyor, 
a  member  of  the  Columbia  River  PiiOt  Com- 
missioners, associated  with  T.  A.  lialloran,  and 
Captain  J.  A.  Brown  ot  Portland,  and  he  is  an 
efficient  and  po|)ular  officer,  discharging^  his 
duties  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner. 


VrilAN  W.  ALLEN.— There  is  perhaps  no 
name  in  Portland  more  familar  to  tlie 
people  of  the  Northwest,  than  that  of 
Ethan  W.  Allen,  the  subject  of  this  sketth.  Mr. 
Allen  has  been  successful  in  biifii.iess  cMiter- 
prises,  he  has  been  ])articularly  promiiieni  in 
issues  of  great  public  importance  aside  from 
politics,  and  his  cordial  manner,  while  in  con- 
stant intercourse  with  the  [)eople  with  whom  '>e 
lias  been  thrown  in  contact  during  his  adminis- 
tr  ion  of  business  atl'ttirs  of  a  public  nature,  has 


gained   for   him  a  legion   of  friends,  to  whom 
this  personal  sketch  will  be  of  great  interest. 

Mr.  Allen  was  born  in  Oswego,  Kendall 
county,  Illinois,  July  24,  1842.  His  father, 
Colonel  Varness  V.  Allen,  and  his  mother, 
Sophia  Kellogg  Allen,  having  made  the  journey 
from  New  England  to  Illinois,  several  years  pre- 
vious to  that  date,  with  a  team.  In  his  new 
home  Colonel  Allen  became  prominently  identi- 
tied  with  tlie  horticultural  development  of  the 
new  State,  maintaining  a  prominent  position  as 
such  until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1854.  The 
next  year  the  widowed  wife  and  mother,  with 
her  two  .sons,  emigrated  to  Minnesota,  in  com- 
pany with  relatives.  In  Winona  county,  of  that 
State,  a  pre-emption  claim  was  taken,  and  the 
following  years  furnished  a  period  of  hard  and 
unremitting  toil  for  the  entire  family.  The 
boys  here  showed  the  sturdy  stock  from  which 
they  came,  and  their  record  on  the  farm,  and  in 
whatever  position  they  were  called  to  o(^cupy, 
showed  the  material  of  which  they  were  made. 
As  in  all  new.  countries,  schools  were  scarce,  but 
nothing  daunted,  the  boys  took  advantage  of  the 
long  winter  evenings,  and  every  moment  that 
could  be  spared  from  the  hard  labor  incident  to 
the  opening  up  of  a  new  farm,  was  employed  in 
reading  and  studying  the  few  books  that  thev 
had  brought  to  their  new  home  and  all  that  it 
was  possible  for  them  to  borrow  in  the  neigh- 
borhood; thus  the  lack  of  the  proper  school 
facilities,  was  in  a  great  measure,  made  up  by 
the  earnest  efforts  which  the  boys  made  to  im- 
prove their  minds  by  self-culture.  In  18()1, 
when  President  Lincoln  made  the  call  for  75,- 
000  men  to  suppress  the  rebellion,  the  royal 
blood  which  coursed  through  the  veins  of  the 
Allen  boys  impelle<l  them  at  once  to  offer  their 
services  to  their  country  for  enlistment  in  the 
First  Minnesota  Volunteer  Infantry.  The 
widowed  mother,  being  in  feeble  health,  thought 
that  she  could  not  spare  both  of  her  boys,  they 
being  her  only  stay  and  support,  so  Ethan,  be- 
ing the  youngest,  was  elected  to  stay  at  home. 
The  bodily  infirmity  of  theehior  brotlier,  caused 
him  to  i)e  rejected  by  the  examining  surgeon, 
and  as  a  consequence,  when  the  second  call  for 
voluntpors  was  made  in  181)2,  Ethan  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  Seventh  Minnesota  Volunteer  In- 
fantry- in  which  company  he  served  three  years, 
or  until  the  close  of  the  war.  The  regiment 
was  in  eleven  engagements,  and  altlioiigh  private 
Allen  was  found  in  his  |)lace  at  the  hea<l  of  the 
company  in  the  front  rank,  in  all  but  one  of  these, 


IIISTOUY    OF    OHEnoN. 


480 


lie  was  fbrtiiiiute  eiioiijrli  to  ^o  tlironirli  all  with- 
out  a  sci'atuh.  During  his  war  service  lie  tilled 
inaiiy  important  otHecs  of  trust,  hy  HpecinI  de- 
tail, and  to  this  day  shows  with  pride  the  letters 
of  coiiinienilation  that  he  received  from  hiscom- 
iiiandiiif^  (>ttioers  for  important  duties  assiirned 
liim,  faithfully  disciiari;ed.  In  18()-4  he  was 
ofl'ered  the  position  of  Adjutant  of  a  colored  regi- 
ment, hut  he  declined  the  honor,  jireferring  to 
remain  in  the  ranks  with  the  hoys  with  whom 
he  first  enlisted.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr. 
Allen  sold  his  interest  in  the  old  homestead 
an<l  took  a  course  of  study  in  Eastman's  Com- 
mercial Collefro,  graduating  from  it  in  the  fall 
of  1K67.  He  then  moved  to  Owatonna,  Min- 
nesota, and  eiifjaged  in  the  manufacture  and 
t^ale  of  farm  machinery.  In  .hine,  1868.  he  was 
married  to  Josephine  J.  Hlood,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  Dr.  Solomon  I'lood,  of  the  same 
place,  a  prominent  I'hysiciaii  and  Surgeon  of  the 
IJniiin  army.  They  have  two  children:  Maud 
M..  now  in  her  third  year  in  the  Michigan  Uni- 
versity, at  Ann  Arbor;  anil  Ethan  lioy,  who  is 
now  assisting  his  fatl-.er  in  the  office  of  the  (Ore- 
gon State  IJoard  of  Horticulture.  Mrs.  Allen 
is  a  memher  of  the  Hoard  of  Lady  Managers 
for  Oregon,  at  the  World's  Columbian  E.xposi- 
tion,  and  she  is  also  a  memher  of  the  Executive 
Committee.  With  her  liushand  she  is  actively 
engagod  in  local  and  national  henevolent  work. 
She  also,  with  Mr.  Allen,  represented  the  State 
of  ( )ri>gon  at  the  Exposition  at  New  Orleans.  She 
is  a  near  relative  of  Edward  E.  Hale,  and  it  is 
helieved  that  her  taste  for  literary  work  is  in- 
herited. She  has  acquired  a  reputation  as  a 
writer  and  speaker,  and  is  actively  engaged  in 
forming  local  World's  Fair  Committees  in  her 
State. 

In  the  fall  of  1869  Mr.  Allen  formed  a  part- 
nership with  his  brother,  and  with  him  moved 
to  MarsluiUtowii,  Iowa,  where  they  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  and  sale  of  farm  inacliinery. 
and  continued  in  that  husiness  until  his  removal 
to  Oregon,  in  1881.  In  that  year  he  came  to 
Portland  to  assume  the  iiianagement  of  the 
large  agricultural  impleiucnt  house  of  Messrs. 
Seymour,  Sahin  &  Company.  He  retained  this 
trust  until  1883,  when  the  company  sold  out  its 
interests  to  the  Northwestern  Manufactiiriiigand 
Car  Company.  In  the  same  year  he  was  elected 
.'iiperintendent  of  the  Mechanics'  Fair,  in  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  such  was  the  success  of  the 
fair  under  his  able  management,  that  he  was 
unanimously   re-elected    to    the    same  office  in 


188'4.  At  the  close  of  the  fair  in  October  of  the 
same  year,  he  was  commissioned  hy(»oveinor 
Moody  to  represent  the  State  of  Oregon  at  the 
World's  Cotton  ('entennial  Exposition  at  New 
Orleans.  The  success  which  followed  Mr. 
Allen  in  his  new  trust,  le<l  to  his  api>ointiiient, 
in  1885,  to  represent  Oregon  at  the  North, 
South  and  Central  American  Exposition,  where 
he  was  still  further  honored  by  being  elected  to 
a  place  on  the  Hoard  of  Management,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  E.xposition.  In  188(5  he  was 
commissioned  to  rejiresent  Oregon  at  the  great 
American  Exposition  in  London,  England,  and 
liis  appointment  to  the  last  named  office  was 
followed  I'y  the  signal  triumphs  that  marked 
his  previous  appointments.  In  1889,  Mr. 
Allen  W'ts  elected  superintemlent  of  the  Indus- 
trial Exposition  in  the  city  of  Portland,  Oregon. 
The  following  year  he  was  electi'd  superintend- 
ent and  secretary  of  the  same,  and  in  all  these 
offices  he  made  a  success  for  the  fair,  with  all 
that  the  term  success  implies,  and  in  retiring 
from  this  responsible  trust  he  was  followed  by 
the  same  hearty  commendations  as  had  followed 
him  in  his  admisistrations  of  the  other  public 
trusts  committed  to  liini.  Mr.  AI.en  is  now 
recognized  as  a  leader  in  the  horticultural  devel- 
opment of  the  State  of  ( )regon.  He  was  largely 
instrumental  in  securing  the  enactment  of  the 
law  creating  the  State  Hoard  of  Horticulture  of 
that  State,  and  has  held  the  office  of  secretary  of 
that  board  since  its  organisation.  He  is  also 
credited  with  being  one  of  the  most  public- 
spirited  men  of  the  Northwest,  and  is  very 
prominent  in  Grand  Army  circles,  having  held 
many  of  the  most  important  offices  in  that  or- 
ganization, in  both  the  State  and  National 
departments. 

tON.  J.  B.  LEE,  M.  I).,  a  late  lamented 
citizen  of  Corvallis,  Oregon,  was  among 
the  able  and  progressive  members  of  the 
medical  fraternity.  He  was  born  near  Ilills- 
boro,  Ohio.  June  12,  1836.  His  father.  Edward, 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  the  mother,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Sarah  Fisher,  was  born  in 
I'ennsylvania,  and  now  resides  in  Ohio.  The 
father  died.  May  24,  1854-.  Dr.  Lee  descends 
from  old  lievolutionary  stock.  His  grandfather, 
Harnett  Lee,  was  a  patriot  soldier  during  the 
Kevolntionary  struggles  and  two  paternal  uncles 
were  engaged  in  the  war  of  1812. 


rrT^^^?'■«'^^ '-  .'Li  iii'."^f»jff.-5W 


440 


UISTOHY    OV    UllKOON. 


u 


Dr.  Lee,  of  this  sketch,  was  reKred  to  farm 
lite  iimi  receivoil  his  sclioliistic  eilucation  in  tlie 
pultiic  Bcliooi  of  liie  county,  and  afterward  en- 
tered tlie  academy  at  Salem,  where  he  completed 
his  academic  course,  in  1850.  In  the  followinjj; 
year  lie  hej^an  the  study  of  medicine,  under  the 
preceptorship  of  the  two  Doctors  Noble,  who 
were  eminent  practitioners  of  Sugar  Tree  Ridge. 
He  received  his  lectures  and  graduated  in  medi- 
cine and  surgery,  in  1859,  at  Starling  Medical 
College,  (3oluinhig,  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  1861. 

At  this  time  he  responded  to  the  call  for  three 
months'  volunteers  and  enlisted  in  the  Twelfth. 
Ohio  Infantry  and  served  his  term  as  a  private 
soldier.  He  re-enlisted  in  the  following  year 
arid  received  a  commission  as  Surgeon,  being 
Bt)pointed  to  frontier  service,  in  Wastiington  at 
I'ort  Uasken  and  Steilacooin,  on  the  sound,  re- 
itiaining  iti  the  service  until  1865,  when  ho  re- 
signed and  cai'ie  to  Corvallis.  He  had  a  large 
practice  in  Henton  county  and  the  surrounding 
country,  and  was  highly  esteemed  asa  physiciun 
and  man. 

In  1874  the  Doctor  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  in  which  body  he  served  four  years,  and 
also  tilled  the  position  of  Mayor  of  Corvallis. 
He  was  also  County  Physician;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Medical  Association,  and  had  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
medical  department  of  the  State,  in  1878.  He 
was  president  of  and  a  stockholder  in  tiie 
Corvallis  Carriage  and  Wagon  Manufacturing 
Company. 

Dr.  Lee  was  married  November  4,  1866,  to 
Miss  Harriet  Wooden.  Their  married  life  was 
of  short  duration,  she  passing  away,  June  14, 
18(57.  Ten  years  later,  ( )ctol)er  18,  1877,  Dr. 
Lee  espoused  Miss  Arminda  Elston,  who  now 
survives  him  and  mourns  a  faithful  and  loving 
husband.  He  leaves  an  aged  mother  and  one 
sister  and  brother  in  the  East  and  Dr.  Charles 
H.  Lee. 

In  political  matters  the  Doctor  was  an  active 
Republican  and  socially  afHliated  with  the  A.  K. 
&  A.  M.  Blue  Lodge  and  Chapter  of  this  city, 
also  Poland  Commandery,  Iv.  T.  No.  1,  in  wiiich 
lie  had,  passed  all  the  official  chairs.  He 
had  been  High  Priest  of  the  Royal  Arch  Masons 
for  two  years. 

In  his  business  relation.s  he  was  distingnished 
for  his  unwavering  integrity,  as  well  as  his 
thoughtful  charity.  As  a  I.egislator,  he  was  the 
Bonl  of  honor  and  served  the  interests  of  his  city 


and  State  to  the  best  of  his  ability.  In  the 
sacred  sanctuary  of  home,  he  wasalways  tliought- 
tnl,  kind,  patient,  forbearing,  forgiving,  gener- 
ous and  true.  Nothing  was  too  good  for  his 
family  and  friends.  Self-denying  and  self-suf- 
fering for  those  near  and  dear  to  him,  he  made 
his  home  one  of  comfort,  joy  and  happiness. 
He  was  best  known  in  the  community,  however, 
as  a  skilled  physician,  and  as  such  was  highly 
esteemed  and  truly  beloved.  The  profession  of 
medicine  demands  a  trained  intellect,  quick 
perception,  good  judgment,  a  sympathetic  heart, 
a  refined  taste,  a  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body, 
with  plenty  of  faith  in  humanity  and  an  abound- 
ing trust  in  Ood,  all  of  which  demands  Dr.  Lee 
answered  and  honored. 


-'*-•< 


*!•*=>- 


RAVELERS' INSURANCE  COMPANY 
of  Hartford,  Connecticut,  represented  by 
(!aptain  G.  E.  Caukin,  of  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, is  the  great  pioneer  accident  insurance 
company  of  America.  The  company  was  organ- 
ized in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  in  1864.  The 
Portland  branch  was  established  in  1878  and 
comprises  the  territory  of  Washington,  Oregon, 
Idaho  and  British  Columbia.  Captain  Caukin 
took  charge  of  the  business  in  March,  1881,  and 
has  been  in  charge  of  the  department  ever  since. 
He  has  sixty  agents  under  him,  and  they  handle 
the  work  in  an  able  manner.  Undei  Captain 
Caukin's  management  it  now  yields  an  annual 
premium  of  $50,000.  There  is  an  annual  aver- 
age payment  of  one  policy  to  seven  issued. 

Captain  Caukin  is  a  native  of  Livingston 
county,  New  York,  born  July  16,  1827.  His 
father  was  born  in  the  same  State,  although  the 
family  originated  in  Wales,  the  ancestors  com- 
ing to  America  about  1892.  Mr.  Caukin's 
father  married  Betsy  Northrup,  of  New  York. 
Captain  Caukin  was  the  third  child  in  a  family 
of  seven.  The  family  moved  to  Macomb  county, 
Michigan,  and  were  pioneers  of  that  State. 
Here  he  was  raised  and  learned  the  trade  of 
cabinet-maker.  In  1864,  when  the  demand  for 
troops  had  become  great,  Mr.  Caukin  enlisted  as  a 
private  in  Company  K,First  Minnesota  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  was  sent  to  the  front  with  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac.  He  remained  with  the  army 
in  Virginia  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when  he 
was  mustered  out  with  rank  of  Captain.  He 
was  Oho  of   those  who  participated  in  the  grand 


UlUTOIiY    OF    OHEaON. 


441 


I    i   * 


review  of  WH8liini;5t()ii.  lie  wae  a  lirave  soldier, 
and  iiitt  services  were  iippreeiated  i>y  iiis  coun- 
try as  he  was  made  ('aptaiii  witliin  a  year. 
After  the  end  of  tlie  war  he  returned  lioine  and 
engaged  in  tiie  insurance  business  at  Minnea- 
polis, in  A'hich  business  he  has  continiU'd  ever 
since.  In  1873  he  went  to  Virjjinia  City, 
Nevada,  on  account  of  the  health  of  his  wife, 
and  he  was  there  eigiit  years.  In  1881  he  came 
to  Portland  to  take  charge  of  the  business  of  his 
present  company. 

lie  was  married  in  1861,  to  Miss  Kliza  Hur- 
rall,  of  Winona  county,  Minnesota.  They  have 
one  daughter,  GeiievraE.  She  resides  with  lier 
parents. 

Mr.  Caukin  has  invested  in  city  property, 
and  has  built  a  nice  residence  on  the  corner  of 
Fonrteentii  and  Market  streets,  where  they  re- 
8i(ic.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  II. 
for  many  years,  and  is  a  Past  Commander  of 
the  Department  of  Oregon.  When  he  took 
command  there  were  eleven  posts,  and  at  the 
close  of  his  term  there  were  twenty-three. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Oregon  f 'ommandery 
of  the  Loyal  Legion,  and  has  been  its  Ileco''der 
since  its  organ iziition.  He  is  thoroughJy  in- 
torinod  in  regard  to  his  business,  and  is  widely 
known  for  a  man  ot  integrity  and  honesty. 


^^5fei^ 


^ 


HILIVER  HARMON  ADAMS,  a  widely 
known  and  highly  cstee  iied  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1852,  and  an  intelligent  and  pro- 
gressive citizen  of  McMinnville,  now  retired 
from  active  business  pursuits,  was  born  in 
Paitiosville,  Ohio,  March  25,  1819. 

The  name  of  Adams  is  illustrious  in  the  an- 
nals of  this  country,  numbering  among  its  dis- 
tinguished members  the  Honorable  John  and 
llonorable  John  Qnincy  Adams,  the  eminent 
statesmen  and  patriots,  who  filled  with  honor 
the  highest  position  in  the  gift  of  their  coun- 
trymen. Their  ancestors  and  those  of  the  sub- 
jt'ct  of  our  sketch  were  identical,  being  a 
Protestant  gentleman  of  Scotch  origin,  who  emi- 
grated from  the  north  of  Ireland  to  Massa- 
chusetts in  the  early  history  of  the  colonies, 
and  from  whom  descended  the  large  and  illus- 
trious family  so  noted  in  the  history  of  our 
country. 

The  parents  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  were 
Sebastian  and  Eunice  (Harmon)  Adams,  both 
natives  of  Vermont.     The  father   was  born  in 


■•i 


Salisbury,  August  3,  1789,  while  the  mother 
was  born  in  Rutland,  October  24,  1798,  she  be- 
ing of  Scotch  ancestry.  T'my  were  married  in 
Painesville,  Ohio,  May  (),  181S.  They  had 
eight  children,  three  sons  and  five  daughters,  of 
whom  three  sons  and  two  daughters  are  es- 
teemed pioneer  residents  of  Oregon.  In  1837, 
the  family  removed  to  Jonesville,  Hillsdale 
county,  Michigan,  whence  they  removed,  in 
1840,  to  Galesburg,  Illinois,  where  the  father 
died,  March  8,  1847.  Several  years  later,  the 
mother  married  again,  her  second  husband  be- 
ing a  Mr.  Cioodalo.  In  1852  they  both  accom- 
panied the  subject  of  our  sketch  and  family  in 
their  journey  across  the  plair.s,  during  which 
trip  Mr.  Goodale  died  of  cholera  and  was  bur- 
ied on  the  way,  while  the  devoted  and  l)eloved 
mother  expired  in  Eugene  City,  Oregon,  De- 
cember 4,  1883,  in  her  eighty-si.\th  year. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  eldest  child, 
and  was  reared  and  educated  in  Ohio  until  his 
eighteenth  year,  when  the  family  removed  to 
Jonesville,  Michigan,  and  our  subject,  who 
was  at  that  time  attending  the  Huron  County 
Academy,  in  Ohio,  remained  behind  to  finish 
his  course  of  schooling,  but  becoming  so  in- 
tensely homesick  he  rejoined  his  parents  and 
the  family  in  Michigan,  preferring  to  remain  on 
the  farm  with  them,  where  he  continued  during 
his  young  manhood. 

On  October  20,  1846,  he  was  married  in 
Galesburg,  Illinois,  to  Miss  Sophia  Hills,  an 
estimable  lady  and  a  native  of  Connecticut. 
She  was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Walter  Hills  of  that 
State,  who  was  descended  from  early  settlers  of 
New  England.  Three  children  were  born  in 
lUinoie:  Alice,  Emma  and  Mary. 

With  his  trusting  little  family,  Mr.  Adams 
started  on  March  9,  1852,  from  Galesburg, 
Knox  county,  Illinois,  for  Oregon.  That  was 
the  year  in  which  the  dreadful  epidemic  of 
cholera  prevailed  to  so  great  an  e  .t,  and 
freshly  nnido  graves  were  frequent  along  their 
route.  The  heroic  little  baud  pressed  forward 
amidst  this  terrible  devastation,  leaving  on  their 
course  one  of  their  number  behind  on  the 
dreary,  desolate  plains,  who  fell  a  victim  to  this 
insatiable  disease.  Tearfully  and  sorrowfully 
they  pursued  their  way,  and  were  much  re 
joiced  to  meet  a  brother,  William  L.  Adams, 
who  had  become  anxious  about  them  and  had 
come  from  Oregon,  with  fresh  cattle  to  meet 
and  help  them  on  their  way.  He  had  gone  to 
Oregon  four  years  liefore.      They  arrived  safely 


442 


iiisTouY  Oh'  oimaoN. 


WW 


Oil 


ii 


1:      I 


111 


on  Pniitlu'r  cri-ek,  Yiiiii  Hill  iMiuiity,  OctobtT 
1.  lHr)2.  and  giivo.Iolm  U.  Mcliii.le  ^'JOO  tor 
liis  lanil  cJiiiiii.  On  this  they  niovi'd,  taliinif 
i)()88('8ci(in  of  the  little  icitr  (^abiii  liitiiateil  on  it, 
where  they  coininenceil  pioneer  life.  They 
were  at  first  very  homesick,  hut  work,  tliiit 
panacea  for  almost  all  ills,  left  tlieni  little  time 
for  reifret,  while  tlie  stirring  scenes  of  a  new 
coniitry  and  fast  aecnmiilaiinjL;  po|nil8tion,  tilled 
the  remainino  time  not  devoted  to  active 
exertions  in  their  own  behalf.  On  this  farm, 
Mr.  Adams  resided  for  twenty  years,  pnrsninj^ 
farming  and  sawmilling,  liavin;;  two  mills  lo- 
cated on  Panther  creek,  two  miles  from  his 
farm. 

In  1878  he  sold  his  farm  and  removed  to  Mc- 
Miiinville,  where  he  purchased  ])ro|>erty,  and  on- 
<;aged  in  lumliering  and  nianufactnring  doors 
and  sasli,  later  engaginj^  in  the  mercantile  hiisi- 
ness.  lie  dealt  in  all  kinds  of  builders'  mate- 
rials, and.  in  partnership  with  his  son-in-law, 
Mr.  George  W.  Jones,  Ijccame  a  large  dealer 
anil  nnmufacturer.  !Mr.  Jones  came  to  Mr. 
Adams"  in  1805  and  was  engaged  in  running 
the  mill,  when,  proving  to  be  a  man  of  ability, 
he  was  made  a  partner  and  has  been  identilied 
with  the  firm  in  the  fullest  sense.  The  com- 
pany enjoys  the  highest  reputation  for  bu>i- 
ness  integrity  a?id  reliability  and  liave  been  de- 
servedly successful. 

Mr.  Adams  has  built  several  residences  in 
McMiniiville,  besides  a  valuable  l)rick  business 
block.  He  also  owns  a  large  building  and  lot, 
on  which  they  keep  their  own  stock. 

lu  1891  he  retired  from  the  firm,  since  when 
his  son  Frank  G.  takes  his  place  in  the  busi- 
ness. The  firm  met  with  a  severe  loss  by  fire 
in  1891,  their  loss  lieing  estimated  at  .S20,()()(). 
The  ashes  were  scarcely  eold,  however,  before 
new  buildings  were  jilanned  and  erected,  which 
are  even  more  complete  than  the  old  ones. 

Nine  children  were  added  to  the  family  in 
(Jregon  Alice,  the  ehlest  daughter,  became 
the  wife  of  Mr.  Elviii  Crawford,  has  six  chil- 
dren and  resides  in  .Eugene;  her  husband  is  in 
the  lumber  businers;  Emma  Yl.  is  the  wife  of 
Mr.  {ieorge  W.  Jones,  and  they  have  si.x 
children;  Mary.  M.  is  the  wife  of  Nfr.  Walter 
Henderson,  who  is  in  business  at  Whatcum, 
Washington,  and  they  have  four  children;  Ida 
Irene  and  Eva  E.  are  twins;  the  former  married 
Mr.  Henry  A.  lieasoner  and  has  three  children; 
the  latter  married  Mr.  William  J.  Simonds  and 
has  one  child:  both  of  theee  daughters  reside  in 


Whatcom,  Washington;  Ada  Ann  married 
Mr.  William  Hill  and  rtjsiiles  in  Wa  'lington 
county,  Oregon,  having  live  childri'ti;  Inez  lone 
lives  at  home  with  her  parents;  Oarrie  ('oriieli;i 
nnirried  Mr.  ('.  ('.  Scott,  and  resides  in  Port- 
land, where  he  is  cafhier  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railroad  Company,  and  has  one  chihi; 
Austin  Hills  is  a  musician  and  is  at  home; 
Frank  (Jrant  succeeds  his  father  in  the  business; 
John  (Juini'y  ilied  .January  1.  1857.  aged  two 
years;  Lillie  .May,  died  March  1(>  '888,  aged 
lifteeii  years. 

.Mr.  .\dams  has  always  given  close  attention 
to  bnsijiess,  and  has  observed  thv;  strictrst.  In- 
tegrity in  all  of  his  transactions  with  his  fellow- 
men,  in  eonse(|uence  of  which  he  has  beeM 
greatly  prospered  and  is  now  enjoying  in  retire- 
ment and  the  society  of  his  wife  and  (hiughter 
the  reward  of  an  industrious  life.  He  has 
erected  a  large  and  handsome  residence  in  Mc- 
Miniiville. which  is  replete  with  all  the  com- 
forts of  modern  times.  The  house  is  situated 
in  a  pleasant  locality  and  cm  an  attractive  site, 
and  is  surrounded  with  tastefully  disposed 
grounds,  which  are  dotted  with  orinnnental  trees 
and  flowering  shrubs,  the  whole  forming  a 
beautiful  view  to  the  eye,  and  being  a  most  en- 
joyable place  to  spend  one's  leisure. 

He  is  a  iiepublicati  in  politics,  ami  in  the 
early  history  of  the  party  and  the  State,  he  ex- 
erted his  inrtuence  strongly  in  favor  of  the 
Union.  He  is  not  a  partisan,  but  in  local  af- 
fairs votes  for  the  one  who,  in  his  lu'st  judg- 
ment, is  best  calculated  to  till  the  p  isition  with 
honor  and  ability.  In  National  affairs  lit^ 
votes  for  the  llepublican  candidates. 

He  and  wife  joined  the  Presbyterian  ("hundi 
in  1858.  since  which  time  they  have  been  atten- 
tive members,  and  contribute  both  by  their 
means  and  influence  to  the  support  of  the  church. 

Although  Americans  do  not  have  as  much  re- 
gard for  pedigree  as  do  their  English  cousins 
acroiis  the  water,  yet  it  is  admitted  that  blood 
will  tfdl;  and  while  his  ancestors  did  not  di- 
rectly cause  Mr.  Adams'  ])rosperity,  yet  by  emu- 
lating their  illustrious  example,  he  has  risen  to 
both  wealth  and  renown,  and  has  proven  him- 
self a  worthy  representative  of  a  noble  family 
and  added  to  their  already  brilliant  record  of 
deeds. 


■ppmiiRi 


mmmm. 


lllsrOUY    Oh'    OHKOON. 


448 


fONATHAN  S.  VAUOIIAN  Ih  one  <.f  tho 
renpected  resiilcnts  of  (Hackainas  county, 
Ori'ffoti,  who  ottiiie  to  the  territory  in  1^(52. 
Jle  was  horn  in  Ciiiciniiaii,  Ohio,  l)(!ceinher  i), 
1829.  His  ffreat-f^ranil father  Vanglian  cainu 
from  Scothind  and  settled  in  Vermont,  wliere 
he  resided  the  rest  of  his  life.  His  rton,  (Jeorge 
W.  Vaiiifhan,  our  siihject's  f^raridfather,  was 
born  in  Vermont,  and  married  a  lady  hy  the 
nanio  of  Keeler.  They  removed  to  Ohio  in 
17!H),  and  their  son  l.,il)erfy  Vaiiifhan,  waa  born 
in  Cincinnati  .Iidy  4,  iJSO-t.  He  married  Miss 
Nancy  Uricehind,  a  native  of  Washington 
county,  Pennsylvania,  l)orn  in  1806,  and  they 
had  a  family  of  ten  children,  of  whom  six  were 
living  in  the  year  1892. 

In  1852  tlie  family  came  across  the  ])lains  to 
Oreijon.  On  the  way,  one  of  the  danghlers, 
Amanda,  died  of  mountain  fever  at  the  T)alles. 
The  family  came  on  to  French  I'rairie,  and  then 
on  into  Washington  county,  where  they  took 
up  a  (lonation  claim  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of 
Middleton,  where  Mr.  Vaughan  resided  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  January 
1,  1876,  and  his  wife  survived  him  until  De 
cember  24,  1890.  They  both  liad  been  mem- 
beih  of  the  Christian  Church,  kind-hearted,  in- 
dustrious and  upright  members  of  the  commun- 
ity. 

Our  subject  was  the  second  child  of  the  fam- 
ily, and  was  twenty  years  of  age  when  he  came 
to  Oregon.  Me  had  learned  the  trade  of  a 
saddler,  and  worked  at  it  in  Parksville,  Marion 
county,  where  he  remained  until  1854,  when 
he  went  to  Oescent  City,  California,  and  re- 
mained there  six  months.  In  the  spring  he 
went  to  the  mines  on  Scott's  river,  where  lie 
was  engaged  in  placer  mining  for  two  years, 
and  once  took  out  $2,800  in  four  days.  A 
piece  of  gold  was  found  at  AVhiting  Hill  that 
was  worth  13,000.  In  1857  lie  returned  to 
On  gon  and  for  two  months,  served  as  cook  on  the 
"  Hoosier,"  the  second  steamboat  on  the  river, 
After  that  he  worked  at  his  business  two  years 
in   Hutteville. 

On  January  25,  1858,  our  subject  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Sti'ong,  who  was  born  in 
Illinoi",  January  5,  1840,  and  was  the  daughter 
of  Ambrose  Strong.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vaughan 
resided  in  Bntteville  until  1860,  when  they  re- 
moved to  California,  and  remained  there  two 
years  and  then  went  to  Jacksonville,  Oregon, 
where  they  remained  during  the  winter.  In 
1863  thoy  went  to   the  cascades,  where  he  en- 


gaged in  teaming  a  season,  und  later  they  re- 
turned to  the  valley  and  stopped  for  a  season 
with  Mr.  Joseph  C.  Geer.  In  April  our  sub- 
jt'ct  went  to  the  mines  in  Idaho,  and  was  absent 
until  Septetnl)er,  and  returned  with  !j(l,0()0. 
Tho  following  season  ho  went  again  and  was 
about  live  months  gone,  and  returned  with 
§500.  Then  he  opened  a  harness  business  at 
Hutteville,  in  which  he  continued  for  eight 
years,  and  then  engaged  in  the  hop  business  at 
Hutteville. 

In  1882  our  subject  sold  out  and  removed  to 
(iraham's  Perry,  on  the  Willamette.  Here  lie 
purchased  twenty  acres  of  land  and  planted  a 
liop  yard,  and  has  found  great  success  in  the 
raising  of  this  plant.  Ho  has  since  that  time 
added  more  acres  to  his  [)lace,  has  erected  a 
nice  residence  and  owns  the  ferry. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vaughan  have  been  blessed 
with  a  family  of  eight  children,  all  of  whom  are 
living.  They  are  Charles,  born  Deceini)er  1, 
1859;  Ambrose,  born  July  17,  1863;  George, 
born  May  18,  1865;  Violet,  born  May  21,  1866; 
Rose,  born  November  21,  1870;  Josie,  born 
October  8,  1872;  Eugene,  horn  December  18, 
1877,  and  Edith,  born  August  30,  1881.  The 
si.x  eldest  ehil  Iren  are  married,  and  each  have 
one  child.  Mr.  Vaughan  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  holds  the  position  of 
Past  Master,  which  he  has  held  for  four  years. 
He  also  belongs  to  the  I.  O,  O.  F.,  and  in  pol- 
itics is  a  Republican.  He  served  as  School  Clerk 
twelve  years  in  Hutteville,  and  is  recognized  as 
an  uprigiit  citizen,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  tine 
representatives  of  the  tine  old  pioneers  of  (Ore- 
gon who  came  in  1852. 

'RANCIS  X.  MATTHIEU,  one  of  tho  few 
remaining  pioneers  of  1842,  was  born  in 
Montreal,  Canada,  April  2, 1818.  Ilis  an- 
cestry were  French  people  who  were  early  set- 
tlers of  Canada,  and  our  subject  was  sent  to 
school  in  Montreal,  but  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years  was  obliged  to  begin  the  struggle  of  life 
for  himself.  His  first  work  was  in  a  dry-goods 
store  on  St.  Paiil's  street,  in  Montreal.  In 
1837-'38,  although  but  a  lad  of  sixteen  years,  he 
took  part  in  the  reliellion  against  England,  and 
because  of  his  youth  was  not  watched  "s  closely 
as  were  others,  and  was  thus  enabled  to  render 
the  insurgents  valuable  services,  but  to  save  his 


rpr- 


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444 


IllSTdUY    OF    (tUKOoy. 


own  life  Hfterward,  was  ol)lif(t*<l  to  leave  the 
coiiiitry,  and  his  youtli  aideil  liin  esi-apo. 

After  8iicct>8»fid!y  reai-hing  tlie  United  States, 
lie  went  to  All)any.  New  York,  wliere  he 
workeclfor  fifteen  months  at  tlie  carpenter 
trade,  and  then  went  to  Milwankee,  and  tlienee 
to  Cliicago  in  IN3S(,  when  tiiut  great  city 
was  yet  in  itti  infancy.  From  (3iucago  he  went 
to  St.  Lonis.  .Missonri,  and  hired  to  the  Ameri- 
can Knr  Company  as  clerk,  and  in  the;  employ 
of  that  company  went  np  the  VeilowBtone  river. 
After  a  year  spent  in  tlie  mountains  he  returned 
to  St.  Louis  and  engaged  with  Mr.  Josiali  Uob- 
idean.  They  went  to  Fort  Smith,  at  the  head 
of  the  Arkansas  river,  and  from  thiw  they 
crossed  to  the  South  I'latte,  where  Denver  now 
is.  From  there  they  went  to  the  North  I'latte, 
and  he  worked  at  Fort  Laramie  for  the  Ameri- 
can Fur  Company. 

In  the  summer  of  1842  our  subject  left  that 
company  and  came  to  ()rej;on,  and  almost  di- 
rectly to  French  Prairie,  and  was  one  of  the  tirsl 
settlers  in  this  fertile  locality,  which  is  one  of 
the  richest,  if  not  the  very  richest,  part  of  the 
farm  lai;ds  of  Oregon.  Here  he  went  into  the 
raising  of  wheat,  which  he  sold  to  the  Hudson's 
Bay  ('orapany,  and  in  turn  it  was  sold  by  them 
to  the  Kussian  Government. 

In  184-t  our  snl)ject  married  Miss  Rose  Osant, 
a  daughter  of  Louis  Osent,  who  also  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  ('ompany.  In  1840, 
Mr.  Matthieu  purchased  the  donation  claim  on 
which  he  now  residep.  In  1851  lie  founded 
the  town  of  Butteville,  built  the  tirst  store,  and 
<lid  a  successful  genera!  mercandise  business  for 
.  fifteen  years.  He  then  sold  his  business  and 
returned  to  his  farm,  on  which  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  still  ow!is  the  whole  of  his  old  claim 
and  has  built  good  buildings,  and  is  doing  gen- 
eral farming  and  also  engages  in  ho|)  raising. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Matthieu  have  been  born  a 
family  of  seven  sons  and  seven  daughters,  and 
all  but  two  of  this  large  and  interesting  family 
are  yet  living.  The  eldest,  (Charles,  resides  at 
Woodbnrn;  Edward  ilied  in  his  ibirty-tirst  year; 
John  resides  near  his  father;  Ernest,  Lester 
and  Willie  are  at  home;  Minnie  is  now  Mrs. 
Dwiglit  (reer,  and  resides  in  Washington;  Clara 
resides  at  home;  Since  is  now  Mrs.  Burton,  and 
resides  in  British  (,'oluinbia;  Pricilla  died  in 
her  eighteenth  year,  and  Violet  is  at  home. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Matthieu  are  both  in  good  health, 
and  are  among  the  very  best  of  the  old  pioneers 
who  came  to  tiiis  great  State  in   1842. 


Mr.  Matthieu  has  always  been  a  Democrat 
in  his  political  views,  and  he  lias  the  honor  of 
having  been  one  of  the  Oregon  pioneers  who 
were  present  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  settlers 
at  Champoeg,  where  they  made  the  first  organ- 
ization, wbi(di  resulted  in  saving  the  country  to 
the  United  States,  and  his  vote  and  that  of  an- 
other made  the  majority,  which  carried  the  res- 
olution organizing  the  first  Territorial  Govern- 
ment for  the  Territory.  At  this  meeting  there 
were  one  hundred  settlers,  and  fifty-eight  voted 
for  and  forty-eight  against  the  bill.  It  does 
not  often  fall  to  the  lot  of  a  man  to  rate  a  vote 
of  such  importance,  fraught  with  so  iiincdi  good 
to  tlie  country,  and  all  honor  is  due  to  the  man 
who  had  the  intelligent  nninhood  to  vote  his 
honest  convictions  when  so  many  of  his  fellow- 
countrymen  were  voting  in  an  opposite  direc- 
tion. 

Our  subject  was  electetl  to  be  a. Justice  of  tlie 
(M)urt,  and  at  that  time  the  .lustice  ('ourt  was 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory.  Mr.  Mat- 
thieu relates  the  following  reminiscence  of  those 
early  times:  He  and  his  Associate  .Justice 
went  to  close  a  still,  and  when  tlit^y  arrived  nt 
the  sti.l  and  commanded  it  closed,  the  owner 
asked  what  authority  they  had.  They  replied, 
"We  are  the  (/onrt,"  and  the  man  said,  "H — ■ 
and  d— — - — !  who  ever  saw  a  court  in  a  still?" 
but  he  stopped  the  business  that  day,  even  if 
he  did  return  to  it  afterward.  Later  Mr.  Mat-' 
thieu  served  a  term  as  County  Commissioner, 
and  in  1874  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1878  he  was  re-elected 
to  succeed  himself,  and  iluring  bjtli  terms  he 
faithfully  served  his  constituents.  He  is  a  man 
of  intidligence,  with  a  miiiii  and  will  of  his 
own,  and  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  being  at  present  Master  of  his  lodge. 


-=^< 


^mm 


<-i^ 


=  ALTE:R  L.  TOOZE.  -Among  the  repre- 
sentative business  men  of  Woodbnrn, 
is  the  subject  of  this  biograijhical  no- 
tice, a  man  of  excellent  ability  and  judgment, 
and  one  who  has  aided  largely  in  the  develop- 
ment of  ids  coutity's  resources.  lie  was  born 
in  i'ittsfield,  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  in  1860,  a 
son  of  Wiiliain  and  Mary  II.  (Parkmand)  Tooze, 
natives  of  Hlngland.  The  parents  were  married 
in  their  own  country,  and  afterward  emigrated 
to  the    United  States,   in   1858.     They  settled 


nrsTonr  of  oukoon. 


•I4.> 


near  Pittsfield,  Lorain  county,  wliero  Mr.  Toozo 
eiigfigcd  in  agricultural  ])ur8uitK.  In  18()4  he 
removed  'to  Bedford,  Michigan,  ami  continued 
the  tame  oc('.u])ation.  The  Tnotlier  died  during 
the  childhood  of  Walter  1^.,  and  after  this  sad 
event  ho  was  taken  by  his  uncle,  Janie  'I'oozo, 
who  was  living  at  Brownhelni,  Ohio.  There  he 
was  reared  and  educated,  and  in  the  year  1877 
he  started  out  to  meet  the  rc-iponsihilities  of 
life.  lie  determined  to  try  his  fortunes  on 
the  I'acific  coast,  and  came  to  Oregon,  landinir 
in  Newhiirg,  Y'ani  Hill  county,  without  money 
and  among  strangers.  lie  first  did  farm  work, 
and  followed  this  occupation  for  a  number  of 
years.  lie  then  began  teaching  in  the  public 
schools  of  Washington  county,  and  devoted  him- 
self to  the  profession  until  1884:.  Having 
saved  a  little  money,  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  J.  liarnes  of  liutteville,  Marion  county, 
and  um''arked  in  general  tnercantile  pursuits. 
The  business  was  carried  on  for  one  year,  when 
Mr.  Tooise  retired  from  the  firm,  and  began  buy- 
ing and  selling  grain.  In  December,  1886,  he 
visited  the  town  of  Woodbnrn,  and  foreseeing 
its  growth  and  development,  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  his  brother,  Charles  T.,  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a  mercantile  trade. 
They  purchased  the  stock  of  Mrs.  J.  K.  Sconce, 
and  carried  on  a  general  business  for  one  year. 
At  the  end  of  twelve  months  the  firm  dissolved, 
and  Walter  L.  Tooze  continued  the  business 
alone.  By  e.xtending  the  business  and  keeping 
apace  with  the  growth  of  the  town,  he  became 

Eopularly  known  as  the  "produce  and  merchant 
ing  of  French  i'rairie."  Through  handling 
grain  and  farm  produce  he  established  a  market 
which  had  before  been  unknown  in  Woodburn, 
and  during  the  latter  years  he  handled  100,000 
bushels  of  grain  and  50,000  bushels  of  potatoes 
annnally.  In  1892  he  sold  his  mercantile  in- 
terests and  engaged  in  a  general  brokerage  and 
real-estate  business. 

He  was  married  at  Butteville,  April  22, 1886, 
to  Mifes  Sadie  A.  Barnes,  a  native  of  Missouri, 
and  they  have  had  born  to  them  two  children: 
Walter  L.  Jr.,  and  Lilla  Ethel.  Mr.  Tooze  has 
been  one  of  the  most  prominent  factors  '"n  the 
upbuilding  of  Woodburn,  and  has  loyally  sup- 
ported all  home  enterprises.  The  commercial 
interests  of  the  place  have  prospered  and  nour- 
ished through  his  zeal  and  energy,  and  he  is 
justly  numbered  among  the  benefactors  of  the 
town. 


39 


->^^:^^^0i!^^^^7<^ 


ILLIAM  (i.  r  I  C  K  E  TT  was  l».rn  in 
Warren  county,  'lennessce,  in  ISiJu,  a 
l*"!^!^  son  of  David  Pickett,  who  was  a  Vir- 
ginian by  birth.  The  latter  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Tennessee  in  his  boyhood,  and  was 
there  reared  to  maidiood.  He  nnirried  Miss  Mary 
Clark,  a  initive  of  that  State.  By  occupation  he 
was  a  wheelwright,  and  also  followed  farming. 
In  1836  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Arkansas, 
where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  Will- 
iam G.  lived  under  the  parental  roof  until  1840, 
when  he  embarked  in  mer(;antilo  trade  with  his 
UTicle,  George  C.  i'ickett.  In  1851,  with  his 
brother  James  A.,  lie  went  to  Yell  county,  Arkan- 
sas, and  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  the 
lumber  business.  In  the  spring  of  1853  he 
started  across  the  ])lains  to  Oregon,  the  journey 
being  successfully  accom])lished  to  the  ISIalheur 
river.  Here  a  short  route  was  attempted,  which 
proved  most  disastrous.  Two  days  and  three 
nights  were  passed  on  the  alkali  plains  without 
water  or  food,  excepting  emigrant  beef  witlKjut 
salt  or  pepper.  I'inally,  after  great  suffering 
and  death  to  many  ot  the  company,  a  relief 
train  was  met  at  Big  Prairie,  east  of  Eugene, 
November  16,  1853. 

The  first  winter  was  passed  by  our  subject  in 
cutting  saw-logs  for  P.  F.  Blair,  and  in  the 
summer  of  1854  he  assisted  Felix  Scott  in 
driving  a  band  of  cattle  to  California.  He  fol- 
lowed mining  on  Carson  creek  for  six  months 
with  fair  success,  and  returned  to  Oregon  in 
January,  1855.  Fort  Colville  was  the  next 
scene  of  his  occupation,  but  his  mining  opera- 
tions there  proved  a  failure.  With  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  Rogue  river  Indian  war,  Mr. 
Pickett  was  appointed  "expressman"  by  Gen- 
eral M.  M.  McCarver,  and  tilled  this  important 
position  four  months.  lie  tlien  came  to  Eu- 
gene and  was  appointed  Assistant-Quartermaster 
by  General  Drew.  lie  served  in  this  capacity 
until  June,  1856,  when  he  resigned  and  came  to 
the  neighborhood  ot  Junction  City.  Here  ho 
opened  a  country  store  which  lie  conducted  three 
years. 

Mr.  Pickett  was  married  in  1859,  to  Miss 
Mary  S.  Milliorn.  The  following  year  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  T.  A.  Milliorn,  and 
they  conducted  a  general  packing  business.  In 
1865  Mr.  Pickett  withdrew,  and  they  returned 
to  the  Willamette  valley.  He  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  at  Buena  Vista,  Polk  county, 
and  continued  there  until  1871,  when  he  lost 
liis  stock  by  fire.     He  then  started  a  store  at 


440 


IIIHTOHY    OF    (lUKUON. 


I'liiievillf.  On-j^on.  Iiiit  ciijliti'tMi  iiioiitliB  iifttM'- 
wiii'il  t^dlil  niit  mill  lii-uan  a  niiiiii'y  liii>iiiii^  luid 
I'lnkcnigi'  l>ll>inl■^s.  lie  ciiinc  luick  to  .1  iincliiiii 
City  in  Isht).  ac('(>iii|ianic(l  l)_v  liis  rmnily.  For 
two  ^t'aliorll«  lie  liail  cliar^c  ot  tlic  wareluiiisi'i, 
lint  sold  out,  ami  lni»  (iiiici'  f;ivi'ii  iiis  attiMition 
to  the  |i>aiiiiig  of  money. 

Mr.  niiil  Mrs.  I'ifkctt  iirc  tin-  |iarentrt  of  one 
cliiUI:  Kate,  wife  of  Lewis  White.  Oursiilijeet 
is  a  niouilier  of  Oa.-^is  Lodffe.  No.  41,  1.  ().  ().  1'"., 
and  i>  nnniliered  anion^  the  rejiresentativc  citi- 
zens of  .1  ntietion  I'ity. 

ti:v.(a't^TAvrs  m.  pkiuce,  a.  m..  tor 
many  years  an  active  minister  of  Method- 
ist Kpi.-eojial  Chnreli,  and  now  nn  honored 
re.sjclenl  of  i'lirtiand,  Orej^un,  forms  the  uiilijeet 
of  tills  article. 

In  tracin;:  lack  hii-  ancestry,  we  find  that  Mr. 
IVirce's  forefathers  were  conupienoiis  in  the 
early  settlement  of  New  Enffland,  the  family 
lieino;  first  i-epresented  l)y  Captain  William  C. 
I'eirce,  who  hronght  his  shijis  and  carj^oes  to  the 
Massachnsetts  coast  in  lt)30.  and  then  settled  in 
that  Str/e.  Dnrinirthe  Uevolutioiuiry  <lays  the 
family  were  hoiiorahly  represented  in  the  I'on- 
tinental  army  and  fouijht  bravely  atthememor- 
alile  hut  lie  of  Hunker  Hill. 

Oliver  I>.  I'eirce,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  horn  .  Massachusetts.  lie  went  from 
there  to  Nba"  York  city,  where  he  was  en- 
j;aged  in  puhlishinj;  a  ^erie.s  of  .school  books, 
'•IVirce'.- (irammai"  and  the  "National  Head- 
ers." At  that  date  (1839)  Mr.  I'eirce  was  con- 
sidered the  most  aide  <;rainmarian  of  the  city. 
lie  was  one  of  the  ^reat  reformers  in  the  tlays 
of  Hnti->lavery,  and  while  locateil  at  Rome.  New 
York,  was  con^picnouly  connected  with  (ierrit 
Smith  in  the  •'underground  railway  "'and  aided 
many  a  poor  slave  across  the  border  into  Can- 
ada. About  1850  he  stumped  the  State  of  New 
York  in  the  interest  of  free  schools,  and  received 
great  credit  for  the  establishment  of  the  law. 
In  18f)l  he  raised  a  rej^inieut  of  soldiers  in 
()i  eida  county,  and  while  stopping  at  Albany, 
en  route  for  the  seat  of  war,  he  accidently  fell 
u|ion  the  steps  of  the  State  House.  Thia  fall 
produced  paralysis,  from  the  effects  of  which  he 
died  in  1865.  lie  wr.s  bold  and  fearless  in  sus- 
taining his  convictions.  Of  him  Solomon  I'nrdy, 
a    prominent  man   of  Konie,  New    York,  once 


wrote:  "  He  fears  (Jod,  but  nothing  He  has 
miide."  Hii-  wife.  Hannah  (TibbettsI  I'eirce. 
was  also  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  M'hey  were 
marricil  in  Oneida  county.  New  York,  and  had 
three  children.  Kmilius  W.,  the  oldest,  was 
educated  fur  the  Methodist  ministry.  During 
the  civil  war  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixteenth  Wis- 
consin UegirniMit,  was  taken  ])risoner  and  was 
contined  for  mouths  in  Lildiy  prison.  He  died 
at  Charlottesville,  Virj;iiiia.  from  the  (dftrts  of 
exposure  and  ill  treatment.  TlnM)ther  two  are 
(instaviis  M.  and  Hannah  L.,  the  latter  being 
thewifeof  Major  Hugh  L.  Anderson.  Major 
Anderson  served  during  the  late  war  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Sixty-ninth  New  York  Uegimentand 
was  severely  wounded  at  C\)ld  Harbor.  He  is 
now  a  resident  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Kev.  tiustavus  M.  I'eirce  was  l)orii  in  liome, 
New  York.  March  14,  1835.  He  prepared  for 
college  at  the  Rome  Academy  and  graduated  at 
Union  (Jollege.  Schenectady,  New  York,  July, 
1855.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  April, 
1850.  In  July  following  lie  enterivl  the  Method- 
ist K|>iscopal  ministry,  as  a  member  of  the 
Hlack  Uiver  Annual  Conference,  and  subse- 
i|uently  was  connectwl  with  the  Central  New 
York  Annual  Conference.  In  the  summer  of 
1862  he  was  elected  vice-principal  of  the  Union 
Academy  at  Melleville,  New  York,  New  York, 
a  iMiarding  seminary  with  200  pupils  enrolled. 
In  18t)5  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Jordan 
Academy,  near  Syracuse,  New  York,  and  re- 
entering the  itinerancy  was  pastor  in  Syracuse 
three  years.  In  1870  he  was  sent  as  the  first 
resident  Methodist  K|iiscopal  missionary  to  Salt 
Lake  (>ity,  and  for  two  years  was  superintend- 
ent of  Afethodist  Epi»^copal  Church  work  in 
Utah.  From  1872  to  1876  he  was  Presiding 
Elder  of  the  Utah  District  of  the  Uo<^ky  mount- 
ain Conference,  and  was  a  delegate  froin  that 
conference  to  the  General  (!ouference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  wdiich  met  in  Hal- 
timore.  In  January,  1876,  as  publisher  and  ed- 
itor, he  started  the  Kocky  Mountain  Christian 
Advocate  at  Salt  Lake  City,  and  continued  in 
that  work  until  1883,  when  he  came  to  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  supervises  the  city  mission 
and  church  extension  work  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  Portland,  in  which  work  he 
was  engaged  until  18!)1.  During  this  period  he 
built  five  church  edifices,  starting  eight  socie- 
ties and  missions  and  resurrected  two  others  that 
were  almost  without  life,  received  over  one 
thousaud  into  the  church,  established  Sunday- 


HIHTOHY    OF    OHKGON. 


*47 


eiiliiiolM.  witli  1, ")()()  rii'li()liirH,(iti(!  iivoriii^od  eight- 
(ton  liiiiiilrcil  p,iHti)fiil  cull-"  u.ic.li  yt'iir. 

Ill'  vii\A  iiiiiri'it!il  iti  lti)tiii!,  NiiiV  Voi'k.  ill  Miiy, 
ISo?,  to  Mi.-<s  l.oviiui  (/.  Mrow'ii,  a  imtivt!  ol' 
New  York  StiitiMiiiil  » (lHiiij;lit()r  nf  I'liter  Urowii, 
ti  (luHci'iiiliiiit  of  SuDtc.li  iiiicurttry.  Tlii'y  Imvc  lutil 
six  cliiliirun,  tlireo  of  wlioiii  iiru  living:  Freij 
Simpson,  lIowHriJ  M.  iiml  (iil)itM't  llavuii. 

Ill  Aiii;iit»t,  1891,  Mr.  I'oircu  whh  elected  h 
It('i;iMitof  I'ortlHiiil  I'liiversity,  iiii  istitiitioiiof 
wiiicli  lut  WAH  OIK*  of  the  fuiinilui'B.  It  \va«  iii- 
cor|(onitcMl  Di'CL'inlxir  23,  ISUO,  opuiifcil  its  liallx 
for  iiisu'iictioii  St'ptoiiilHir  14,  IH'Jl,  him)  is  ai- 
roa'iy  in  the  iniilHt  of  its  first  year,  witli  its  240 
Btii'k'iits,  OIK!  of  till)  loailiiif^  institutions  in  tii<> 
Pacilii!  Nortliwest. 

^•^••^' 

fMAKTlN,  a  meinher  of  the  firm  of  E.  & 
J.  A.  Martin,  niannractiirers  of  sash, 
«  doors  and  Iniildin^  inaturials,  is  a  native 
of  Philadelpliia,  I'ennsylvaiiia,  born  in  1831. 
His  part'iits,  liiidianl  and  Ilester  (liarker) 
Martin,  were  iiativus  of  Viririnia  and  iNew  Vorii 
rtispoeti.'eiy;  tiioy  removed  to  New  York  city 
in  1840,  and  there  yoiiiif^  Martin  secured  liis 
education.  At  the  a;^e  of  fifteen  years  lie  boj^an 
to  learn  the  trade  of  atairhiiilder,  which  lie  fol- 
lowed in  New  York  city  until  1S54,  when  he 
removed  to  Chicago,  there  he  continued  this 
avocation  until  18()1.  In  18(31  Mr.  Martin  en- 
listed in  Coin])any  E.  Fifty-seventh  Illinois  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  Colone'l  S.  D.  Haldwin;  he 
was  appointed  Color  Sergeant  and  the  first 
battle  was  at  Fort  Doiielson,  which  was  followed 
by  Shi  loll,  where  for  bravery  and  efHciency  Mr. 
Alartin  was  coininisBioned  Second  Lieutenant, 
April  17,  1862.  Then  came  the  siege  of  Cor- 
inth, followed  by  the  battle  of  1863,  Corinth, 
October  3d  and  4tli,  1862.  He  was  commis- 
sioned First  Lieutenant,  March  13.  After  that 
came  the  battle  of  Kesaca,  in  1863,  and  later, 
Rome,  Georgia.  He  then  joined  (teneral  Sher- 
man in  his  triuniplial  niareli  to  the  sea,  and  was 
at  the  capture  of  Savannah.  At  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  service  in  1864  he  was  mustered 
out  of  the  army,  much  to  the  regret  of  himself 
and  liis  Colonel,  who  wished  him  to  remain  and 
accept  the  office  of  Captain.  But  the  family  in 
Chicago,  from  whom  he  had  been  so  long  sep- 
arated, urged  his  return  to  civil  life.  He  fol- 
lowed his  trade  in  Chicago  until  1877,  when  he 


came  to  F'ortland,  Oregon,  where  he  has  con- 
tinned  with  markeil  sni'i'ess. 

The  firm  of  E.  A:  .).  A.  Martin  was  foniifd  in 
1871I;  they  i'!il  a  large  iiiisiness  at  Third  and  F 
streets  until  1882,  when  the  entire  establish- 
meiit  was  swept  away  by  lire;  they  iniine<liafely 
resinned  business  at  the  corner  oC  ('  and  Second 
streets,  and  in  a  small  iieginniiig  laid  the  found- 
ation of  their  later  prosperity.  Their  factory 
was  built  ill  181)0,  and  being  located  iipm  the 
wharf  secures  water  transportation;  tlu!  factory 
is  fitted  with  modern  maeliinery,  the  whole  be- 
ing operated  i»y  a  fifty-five  horse  jiower  engine. 
Mr.  Martin  is  one  of  the  oldest  maniifactiirerg 
in  the  city,  and  the  |)rodiict8  of  this  factory  are 
shipped  to  points  in  Oregon.  Washington  and 
Idaho.  The  industry  gives  ein|iloyiiient  to 
twenty-five  men. 

Our  8iil>ject  was  married  in  New  York  city, 
ill  1854,  to  Miss  Frances  Hiitton,  who  was  born 
in  the  old  lievolutionary  barracks  at  Hrniiks- 
dale,  New  York.  Mrs.  .Nlartin  jiassed  from  this 
life  in  1871,  leaving  a  bereaved  husband  and 
four  children:  Clara  E.,  Edward  Everett;  Fran- 
ces  S.,  wife  of  Clarence  J.  Wheeler;  and  Mary 
L..  wife  of  Frederick  R.  liullock.  In  1877  .Mr. 
Martin  brought  his  family  of  little  ones  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  and  to  them  he  has  devoted  the 
best  energies  of  his  life.  He  resides  in  East 
I'ortland,  where  lie  has  built  a  pleasant  home  at 
Eiglith  and  ()  streets.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  the  Loyal  Legion 
of  Oregon  and  tlie  Masonic  fraternity.  His 
life  has  been  one  of  great  activity  and  lianl 
labor,  but  by  perseverance  and  strict  integrity, 
lie  has  won  well-merited  success.  , 

EV.  CHANCEY  OSRORN  HOSFORD 
came  to  Oregon  in  1845  and  for  forty  seven 
_  years  has  been  one  of  her  widely  known  and 
higiily  esteemed  pioneers.  He  was  born  in  Greene 
county.  New  York,  December  27,  1822.  His  fath- 
er, Willis  Hosford,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  The 
great-gran<lfather,  Gideon  Hosford,  came  from 
England  and  settled  in  New  Englaiiil.  His  son, 
Reuiien  Hosford,  was  a  pioneer  New  York  law- 
yer and  a  memlier  of  the  State  Legislature. 
Willis  Hosford  was  a  Colonel  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  was  prominent  in  the  militia.  He  married  in 
the  State  of  New  York,  Miss  LnciaOsborn,  born 
in  Goshen,  Connecticut.  They  had  ten  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living. 


r 


44H 


lllHTUUr    OF    OllEUON. 


]'■* 


('Imncoy  wii«  tlio  nixtli  oliililiiinl  wiin  miKcd  in 
I.cxiii^tiiii,  (ii'ueiiii  couiitv,  N<'«'   York.      I'Vum 

tllCI'C  111!  Wfllt   tl)     IllilillllU    ill    till!    t'llli     ipf     ISU, 

and  t'roin  tliere  crotisLMJ  tlii'  niiiiiis  in  1SI."J  witli 
ON  tiiftiiiB.  Koiir  yixnij^  humi  iimdt'  tln!  trip  to- 
^L'tiior,  ono  of  tlii!iii  l>oiiig  Kiwiii  F.  IloHforil, 
CyJiiiDcey'H  hrotiior.  Tiiuy  imii  tlirui:  yoke  of 
oxt'ii,  H  wnguii  an<l  a  ('(tw.  Tlii!  trip  whs  an  ox- 
citiiii^  Olio,  (111  iiccoimt  <it  llieir  Imiitiiij^  and  tirtli- 
infT  expeditions.  In  tiic  Indian  eoiiiitry  tliey 
tell  in  witli  otiier  emigrants.  At  nij^lit  tliey 
Were  olilijjed  to  make  a  circle,  in  wiiicli  tlieir 
cattle  Were  guarded.  After  arriving  in  Oregon 
Mr.  Ilosford  Worked  lor  Mr.  Foster,  near  Ore- 
gon City,  on  a  little  farm,  until  spring,  then 
wont  to  Salem  and  worked  for  Uev.  David  Les- 
lie tor  liis  board.  While  working  for  him  lie 
attended  the  Willamette  Institute,  now  the  u'd- 
versity,  where  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  He 
taught  otie  term  in  the  primary  department  in 
the  institute  and  several  terms  in  the  district 
schools.  lie  was  employed  as  preacher  in  tlie 
mission  conference  and  when  the  Oregon  Con- 
ference was  organized  he  was  a<imitte<l  to  that. 
While  lie  was  studying  theology  at  Oregon 
C^ity,  in  1847,  Elder  Williimi  Koherts,  the 
preacher  in  charge,  told  him  to  ride  down  to 
Portland  and  make  an  engagement  for  him  to 
hold  service.  lie  had  some  ditHculty  in  reach- 
ing the  little  hamlet  of  fourteen  log  houses  and 
one  frame  store  building,  on  account  of  the 
rivers  to  be  forded,  but  he  arrived  at  bis  destina- 
tion in  safety.  He  visited  every  house  and 
read  the  Scriptures  and  prayed  with  every  fam- 
ily in  the  place.  Being  young  and  zealous  be 
was  welcomed  very  kindly  by  all  the  ])eople. 
He  made  the  appointment  for  Rev.  Roberts  and 
it  was  probably  the  first  sermon  preached 
in  I'ortliind.  When  the  gold  excitement  broke 
out  be  wont  to  California  under  license  from 
Elder  Roberts,  and  preached  in  West's  board- 
ing house  in  San  Francisco.  That  winter  Rev. 
T.  Dwiglit  Hunt  was  there  as  a  missionary 
under  the  Presbyterian  Board,  and  Mr.  Ilos- 
ford worked  in  liarmony  with  him.  When  the 
Sacrament  was  administered  he  also  assisted  and 
there  were  just  thirteen  present.  This  was  prob- 
ably the  first  time  that  tlie  sacrament  had  been 
administered  by  Protestants  in  San  Francisco. 
While  bo  was  mining  at  Hangtown  with  Colonel 
Chapman  he  preached  to  the  miners  and  hun- 
dreds of  them  gathered  to  hear  him. 

In  the  spring  of  184:!)  he  was  married,  in  San 
Francisco,  to  Miss  Acenitli  Glover,  one  of  five 


American  young  Imlies  who  constituted  the  un- 
married portion  of  society  in  San  Franci^co  at 
that  time.  Their  wedding  was  one  id'  the  first 
l'roti>tant  ones  in  San  j'raiicisco.  Soon  after 
their  man  iage  they  came  to  (  h'egon  i>y  water 
and  went  to  Salem,  where  Mr.  Ilosford  joined 
the  conference.  He  took  hisdonatioii  claim  three 
miles  down  the  river  on  the  <vest  side.  Ho 
:)reaclied  for  sixteen  years  all  tlrough  the  val- 
ey  and  was  at  Vancouver  two  years,  anil  built 
the  first  Protestant  Church  in  that  place.  His 
churches  were  in  log  schoolhoiises,  but  there 
were  many  revivals,  iind  as  he  says  there  was  no 
need  to  wait  then  fo.-  evangelists.  During 
all  tbi.<  time  ho  was  raising  a  family.  He  never 
received  money  enough  for  his  support  and  for 
tliis  purpose  he  hail  to  sell  some  of  his  land: 
thus  it  was  reduced  friin  1)40  to  150  acres. 
In  18(il  he  was  on  the  Miiint  Tabor  circuit, till- 
ing a  place  that  now  employs  sixteen  preachers. 
While  there  he  traded  his  Salem  land  for  200 
acres  running  clear  over  the  hill  at  Mount  Tabor. 
He  sold  forty  acres  over  the  top  of  this  bill  for 
§500  and  took  his  pay  in  work  on  bis  land. 
This  same  land  is  valued  at  ijll.SOO  an  acre.  In 
18(55  be  lived  in  a  little  log  cabin  on  tlio 
])roperty,  possessing  only  a  cow  and  a  horse, 
i)Ut  no  money,  having  severed  his  connecioii 
with  the  itinerancy.  He  and  his  sons  deareii 
the  land.  In  1887  he  sold  twenty-two  and 
one-half  acres  of  liis  home  at  >!500  per  acre. 
In  18()5  be  built  a  cottage  anil  in  18f<2  be,  re- 
modeled and  enlarged  it  and  now  has  one  of  the 
finest  rural  houses  in  the  country.  He  has 
eighteen  acres,  worth  .^4, 000  per  acre,  one  milo 
east  of  the  city  at  Mount  Tabor,and  also  soino 
])roperty  in  Portland.  Fortune  has  at  last 
smiled  upon  his  honest  ert'orts,  and  he  and 
his  wife  are  at  last  surrounded  by  the  comforts 
which  they  so  inncli  deserve,  and  he  is  still  able 
to  go  out  nearly  every  Sabbath  and  freely 
preach  tlie  gospel. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilosford  have  had  eight  chil- 
dren. The  first  died  in  infancy;  the  second, 
Frederick  Flinn,  died  in  his  eighteenth  year. 
His  two  remaining  children.  Captain  Olin  AV. 
and  Pearn  L.  Ilosford,  are  steamboat  men,  own- 
ing with  their  father  the  steamer  lone,  running 
on  the  Willamette  and  ('olumbia  rivers.  Their 
eldest  daughter  is  the  wife  of  John  llaskins, 
superintendent  of  the  car- building  depart- 
ment of  the  East  Portland  car  shops  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  EiHy  M. 
is  married  to  L.   R,   Fields,   superintendent   of 


IIISTOIiY    OF    OIIKdOii. 


44B 


ilii>  (iit^'iiii  Dixiniiiii  1)1  lilt'  Soiitliriii  l'iif.ill<r 
I'oml.  V^ilcllii  l.iiiccilii  iniirrii'il  K.  I'ftcrpDii;  h 
woiillhy  fiinniT  lit  Mimiit  Tiilmi mid  Corn  I*. in  iit 
Clonic  with  luT  parcntH.  Min.lloBt'onrM  lirotlu-r, 
Ai|iiillii  (ilovcr,  wrtli  whom  iind  \\\*  fiiinily  *\\<' 
(•iohs.mI  thi!  jihiiiiK  ill  IHKl.  wilii  tin-  Dlmiiur 
jmrty,  who  iiiii«tiy  |pt'ri.»in'ii  in  thi!  hiiow,  ii^t't 
wirli  the  fimiily  11  f<'W  linyi*  lieforo  iiml  triivtl«'l 
Biilcly  to  till'  viiiii-y  of  tiiK  Saciaiimnto. 

fK()IJ(;K  ){.  KAUltA.  M.  1)..  n  ropresentn- 
I  tlv<>  citi/.i'ii  of  OorMillis,  Hiul  a  ))roiniiiuiit 
"^p^  inrdical  pfactilioncr  of  theold  Hidiool,  wn^- 
lioni  in  Woodford  comity.  Ki'iitucky.  Soptcii^ 
licr  lit,  WVii.  IIJH  |>arciit8  wori',  .loliii  I'  and 
Mai'tiia  .1.  Karra,  iioth  nativi'sof  thu  l?lne  (iiaxs 
State,  of  (tt-rinan  and  Scotcdi  ancestry.  They 
were  married,  .Inly  30,  1840,  and  ronioved  to 
riattc  coitnty,  AlisBonri.  in  1H47.  where  the 
father  of  (ieorge  died,  September  9,  18.12,  and 
the  motlifr  i(<married. 

Tlie  Huliject  of  thin  sketch  was  reared  in 
I'hittt^  county,  Miseonri,  and  iiis  early  life  v,ai> 
devoted  to  t'anninji.  lie  luid  very  few  educa- 
tional advaiita^cH,  owing  to  the  death  of  his 
latiier  his  schooling  was  neglected.  This  losE 
he  repaired  in  later  years  hy  his  own  exertions 
and  litteil  himself  for  a  professional  career, 
lie  eni^aged  in  the  grocery  business  at  IIiii.'- 
boldt,  Allen  county,  Kansas,  in  1S72,  two  years 
siibse(juently  returning  to  I'latte  county,  where 
he  (Migaged  in  the  drug  iiiisiness,  until  1875. 
I)uring  this  time  lie  read  medicine  under  the 
able  Dr.  \W  V.  Moore,  and  entered  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Louigville,  in 
1875.  where  he  completed  his  entire  course  of 
lectures  in  medicine  and  surgery,  graduating  in 
1877.  From  1875  to  1877,  he  practiced  some 
in  Louisville,  and  in  the  spring  of  the  same 
year  he  came  to  Oregon,  estaolished  a  residence 
and  opened  an  oflice  in  the  city  of  Corvallis, 
where  he  hns  practiced  ever  r.:.c3.  The  Doctor 
is  a  close  student,  aiiil  keeps  thoroughly  p.-steil 
with  the  inarcli  of  science.  In  busiiieis  ••da- 
tions,  as  well  as  professional,  he  has  been  suc- 
cessful and  prosperous,  and  is  at  this  time  a 
large  stockholder  in.  many  of  the  important 
enterprises  of  this  city,  among  whicdi  may  be 
mentioned  the  Corvallis  Water  Company,  which 
was  incorporated  in  1885.  lie  is  its  president 
and  principal  stockholder,  and  is  ali^o  a  director 


of  the    Oregon    iV    raeitie   Kaiiroad  Coinpuny. 

and  holds  stock  in  tii(*  ('orvalils  Carriage  Man- 
ufacturing Coiii|iaiiv.  lie  is  also  a  director  of 
tlie  Willamettt-  i.Hnii  \'  l.onn  Association,  in- 
coorporateil  in  ISHW.  lie  is  a  member  of  tiio 
State  Medical  Itoard,  and  has  been  a  member 
<if  the  (Jity  Council,  and  has  fcerved  as  ('oiinty 
I'hysician. 

'I'lu.'  Doctor  was   married,    in    I'l.Ute  county, 
.Missouri,    .laniuiry    !t,    187;},     to    Miss    Amna 
Hamilton,  a  native  of   .Missouri.     They  have  no 
children,  death   Inning    rolibed    them  of  their 
two  treasures  in  infiincy.     Socially,  the  Do.ctor 
MtHiiiiti    with  the  A.  V.  &  A.  M..  also  A.  O  H. 
W.  of  (y'orvallis,  and  has   been  the   Kxamining 
I'nysician    of  the  last  named  order  for  the  past 
eleven  years,  having  resigned  that  position  but 
recently. 


<mB' 


IMilAM  (jL.\SS,  deceased,  an  honor- 
able and  highly  respecti'd  pioneer  of 
1H50,  was  born  in  Steubeiiville,  Ohio, 
Septeirdier  21,  18i}2.  lie  was  of  Scotch  Irish 
extraction,  his  family  coming  from  the  north  of 
Ireland  in  181(5,  His  parents  removed  to  War- 
ren county,  Illinois,  wdien  he  was  only  a  child. 
He  came  to  ('alifornia,  in  184!>.  and  engaged  in 
mining  on  the  American  river,  but  one  year 
later  he  came  to  Oregon,  and  first  located  near 
Hrownsville.  He  also  engaged  in  mining  at 
Jacksonville  for  a  time.  He  was  a  participant 
in  the  Indian  wars  and  was  well  and  favorably 
known  tiironghout  the  entire  county  as  an  earlj 
pioneer. 

His  education  had  been  neglected  on  account 
of  his  been  thrown  on  his  own  resources  so 
early,  but  this  defect  he  remedied  by  6tu<ly  in 
his  idle  moments,  and  at  the  age  of  twentytivo 
he  completed  his  acailemic  course  at  the  Union 
Point  Academy  in  1857.  He  subsequently 
traded  his  property  in  Linn  county  for  some  in 
Benton,  to  which  latter  county  he  removed  in 
1858,  where  lie  actively  engaged  in  farmiiig 
until  the  day  of  his  death,  which  occurred  .May 
25,  1802. 

Mr.  Glass  was  married  to  Miss  Lucy  1>. 
HIaine,  in  1858,  a  native  of  Leesburg,  Indiana. 
Her  parents  were  William  B.  and  Rachel  (Nye) 
Blaine,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  re- 
spectively. The  family  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  in  1852,  and  located   near  Brownsville, 


450 


HISTORY    OP    OREGON. 


ti- 


>  t 

i 

!  i 


r.i 


I.iiip  eoimty,  where  Mrs.  Glass  was  reared  to 
wiiiiiaiiliDod  and  marri(Ml.  She  now  resides  with 
licr  cliildri'ii,  iMilian  A.,  Frank  and  Uohert  L., 
on  the  estate,  h)cate(i  near  Corvaliis,  consisting 
of  300  aeies,  150  of  wliieh  are  well  improved 
and  in  a  his;h  <leirree  of  cultivation. 

lie  was  hronjtht  np  in  the  Associate  Uefortii 
Chnrch,  and  was  a  ineinher  of  the  United  Pres- 
i)yterian  Chiireli  at  his  death.  Jle  was  a  strong 
advocate  of  all  the  reforms,  and  was  politically 
a  I'rohihitionist.  Ills  influence  will  be  felt  in 
his  county  for  a  long  time  to  come. 


€(W^- 


II 


fW.  JOIINSOX. — Ainoncr  the  recent  es- 
tal)lishments  of  southern  Oregon  is  the 
•*  Southern  Oregon  Hrewing,  Ice  and  Cold 
Storage  Company,  whicli  was  organized  by  the 
following  name(l  gentlemen:  G.  W.  Johnson, 
Fredrick  Luthmeir,  William  Johnson  and  II. 
11.  McCarthy.  The  company  began  business  in 
August,  1892,  and  are  manufacturing  artificial 
ice,  and  do  a  larije  brewina  business,  which  ex- 
tends  south  into  northern  ('alifornia,  as  far  as 
^[arysville,  and  north  into  the  Willamette  val- 
ley. Also  furnishing  the  towns  and  hamlets  of 
the  adjacent  counties  with  ice. 

The  city  of  Medford  was  selected  for  this 
plant,  in  cousecjuence  of  its  being  the  central 
point  of  .he  Rogue  river  valley,  and  possessing 
greater  water  and  railroad  facilities.  Thebuild- 
irg  has  a  frontage  of  thirty- two  feet,  the  depth 
l)eiug  eighty  six  feet,  and  the  height  being  thirty- 
eight  feet.  It  is  operated  by  steam  of  fifty 
horse  power,  and  has  a  dailj'  capacity  of  five 
tons  of  ice  and  six  tons  of  cold  storage. 

The  brewery  department  is  equipped  with  a 
kettle  of  fifteen  barrels  capacity,  and  can  brew 
that  amount  daily  if  the  demand  requires  it. 
The  ice  manufactory  aiul  brewery  are  conducted 
jointly  and  iii  the  sr.nie  plant,  and  all  under  the 
same  covtr.  The  interior  is  fitted  with  all  the 
modern  machinery  of  the  latest  design  and  pat- 
tern, both  in  the  brewery  and  ice  departments. 
The  machinery  in  the  ice  department  was  man- 
ufactured and  designed  by  G.  W.  Johnson,  this 
bein.g  the  second  plant  in  the  State  using  the 
same  apparatus,  which  for  economy,  8im|)licity 
and  many  other  desirable  advantages  is  perhaps 
unexcelled. 

As  a  mechanical  genius  Mr.  Johnson  is  cer- 
tainly entitled  to  recognition.     The  gentlemen 


who  coin])rise  the  company  are  men  of  execu- 
tive ability,  progressive  and  enterprising,  and 
the  community  should  feel  highly  honored  with 
such  residents. 

G.  W.  Johnson,  the  junior  ineml>er  of  the 
firm,  is  a  native  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  He 
was  born  April  27,  18t)3,  and  was  reared  and 
received  a  liberal  education  in  the  city  of  his 
birth,  and  there  learned  the  machinist  trade  in 
his  father's  shop.  lie  is  the  son  of  William 
and  Christina  (Haas)  Johnson.  The  former  a 
native  of  Ohio,  of  Dutch  parentage,  and  the 
latter  was  born  in  Germany.  They  have  three 
children,  G.  W.  Johnson  being  the  second  child. 
lie  removed  with  the  family  to  Portland,  Ore- 
gon in  1S84.  Here  the  father  and  son  estab- 
lished and  carried  on  a  machine  and  repair  shop 
until  181)0. 

The  latter  has  for  several  years  made  chemis- 
try and  kindred  studies  a  specialty,  which  no 
doubt  led  to  the  organization  of  the  Consumer's 
Artificial  Ice,  and  Cold  Storage  Company  of 
Portland.  He  was  the  chief  promoter  of  that 
enterprise,  and  later  developmentf  at  this  point. 
Although  comparatively  a  stranger  he  is  one  of 
Med  ford 's  wo'thy  and  progressive  (Mtizens,  and 
is  highly  respected  in  the  community. 


^. 


'^m^ 


^ 


§KA  J.  CROFUl'T,  one  of  the  leading  busi 
^  ness  men  of  Weston,  was  born  in  Guthrie 
i^  county,  Iowa,  Octolier  17,  1858.  He  re- 
mained in  Iowa  until  he  was  ten  years  old, 
when  his  parents  removed  to  Oregon.  The 
trip  was  made  across  the  plains  in  wagons,  the 
journey  consuming  six  months.  He  was  the 
oldest  of  the  two  children  born  to  his  parents, 
Albert  and  Irene  (Walters)  Oofntt. 

The  father  of  our  subject  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  and  came  to  Iowa  at  an  early  date 
and  here  he  was  married,  but  soon  after  the 
birth  of  the  second  child,  Mrs.  C'rot'utt  was 
taken  away,  leaving  two  children,  Ira  and  ('ora. 
Mr.  Crofutt  was  married  a  second  time  to  Miss 
Anwise  Davis  and  in  1868  the  family  removed 
to  Oregon  and  settle<l  in  llmatilla  county, 
where  the  father  resided  for  many  years  and 
nine  children  were  born  to  hint  there.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  (Irofutt,  Sr.,  are  now  living  near  Ar- 
lington, Oregon,  both  having  attained  a  ripe 
old  age. 

Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  as 
soon   HB  he  was  old  enough    he  pre-emptied   u 


M 


niSTOHY    OF    OHKGON. 


451' 


quarter  section,  wliich  he  occupied,  improving 
it  and  farming  for  some  years.  Concluding  to 
change  liis  hnsiiiess  lie  removed  to  Weston  and 
engaged  in  tlie  livery  business,  in  which  he 
continued  for  a  while  and  then  removed  to 
Adams  and  started  a  stable  there,  where  he  re- 
mained for  some  time  and  then  returned  to  his 
farm  and  continued  on  it  for  two  years,  when 
he  returned  to  Weston,  built  a  store  and  en- 
gaged in  the  grocery  and  fruit  business  and  is 
still  pursuing  the  same  occupation.  He  carries 
a  stock  worth  S2,500  and  is  doing  an  average 
business  of  $11,000  per  annum.  Although 
Mr.  Crofntt  was  reared  on  the  farm  and  re- 
ceived no  other  advantages  of  education,  except 
tho?"  afforded  by  the  common  public  schools, 
he  possesses  good  business  ability  and  is  consid- 
ered a  great  benefactor  to  Weston.  Hy  his 
close  attention  to  business  Mr.  Crofntt  lias 
made  the  property  he  now  possesses.  ILe,  like 
many  others  started  in  life  with  nothing,  but 
by  economical  labors  earned  a  competency. 

Mr.  Crofntt  wat,  married,  June  29,  1884,  to 
Miss  Nettie  Wlieeler,  of  Wisconsin.  She  came 
to  Oregon,  in  1883,  to  visit  a  sister  and  while 
here  married  Mr.  Crofntt.  Mrs.  Crofutt's 
father  was  killed  in  the  late  war,  but  the  mother 
still  resides  in  Wisconsin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cro- 
fntt have  had  three  children,  of  whom  only  one, 
a  little  girl,  Mable,  is  now  living.  Mr.  Cro- 
fntt is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  I/odge,  at 
Weston,  and  both  he  and  his  estimable  wife  are 
highly  esteemed  citizens  of  the  town  in  which 
they  have  made  so  many  friends. 


-=*-» 


'f"^- 


tARRY  L  BOWMER,  one  of  Umatilla 
county's  most  enterprising  and  popular 
newspaper  men,  was  born  in  Amador 
county,  California,  March  4,  1858.  His  father. 
Judge  J.  C.  Bowmer,  was  Itorn  in  Kentucky, 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  tlie  bar  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one.  In  1849  ho  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, where  he  was  married  to  Miss  Lorena 
Hayes,  a  niece  of  e.x-President  Hayes.  Mrs. 
Bowmer  died  in  1860,  leaving  one  child,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  then  only  two 
years  old.  Four  years  after  the  death  of  his 
wife  Judj^-e  Bowmer  removed  to  Nevada  and 
our  subject  attended  the  common  schools  of 
Reno,  Nevada,  after  which  he  learned  the 
printer  trade,  which  he   has  followed  success- 


ftiliy  for  many  years,  graduating  from  the  case 
and  rising  step  by  step  until  he  lias  lieen  chosen 
at  diffei'ent  times  to  till  the  editorial  chair  on 
the  loading  papers  of  the  coast.  In  ISSl  he 
went  to  (Jolfax,  Washington,  where  he  i>ur- 
cliased  a  paper  called  the  Colfax  Vidette, 
started  by  the  Hon.  E.  N.  Sweet  and  -I.  W. 
Dolittle.  He  remained  on  that  paper  for  two 
years,  then  sold  out  and  was  given  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Walla  Walla  Statesman,  which  he 
held  for  three  years  and  then  bought  the  Pom- 
eroy  Times.  This  paper  he  also  disposed  of, 
after  maiiaguig  it  for  some  time  and  accepted  a 
position  on  the  Oregonian  at  Portland,  where 
he  continued  seventeen  months  and  then  went 
back  to  Walla  Walla  and  accepted  the  editorial 
chair  of  the  Statesman,  continued  there  until 
he  bought  the  ^[ilton   Eagle. 

In  t lie  fall  of  18U0  he  was  induced  by  the 
Republicans  of  Umatilla  county  to  go  to  I'en- 
dleton  and  take  charge  of  the  Pendleton  Tri- 
bune and  conduct  it  through  tiie  fall  campaign 
of  1890.  As  soon  as  the  campaign  was  over 
he  lx)ught  the  Weston  Leader,  took  charge  of 
it  and  has  built  it  up  until  it  is  second  to  no 
paper  in  the  county. 

Our  subject  was  married  November,  1879, 
to  Miss  Minnie  M.  Mann,  of  Reno,  Nevada, 
who  has  borne  him  two  children,  namely: 
Charles,  a  bright  little  fellow  of  twelve,  and 
Lorena,  a  charming  little  maiden  of  five.  Mr. 
Bowmer  is  a  member  of  the  order  K.  of  P.  and 
is  treasurer  of  the  lodge.  As  is  needless  to 
say,  our  subject  is  a  strong  Republican  in  poli- 
tics and  is  a  man  respected  for  his  intellectual- 
ity and  many  sterling  traits. of  character. 


lENRY  W.  I) WIGHT,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent pioneers  of  the  coast,  wa.i  born  in  Ni- 
agara county,  New  York,  Marci  13,  1838, 
and  i*  the  second  son  of  Henry  W.  and  Eliza 
C.  Dwight,  nee  Chaplin,  both  natives  of  New 
York.  Mr.  Dwight,  Sr.,  died  in  1842,  when  our 
subject  was  only  four  years  old,  but  the  mother 
survived  until  1881,  when  she  too  died,  aged 
seventy- two  years. 

When  Henry  was  eighteen  years  old  he  and 
his  brother  started  for  California  and  landed 
there  in  the  fall  of  185(),  where  he  remained  un- 
til the  spring  of  1857,  when  he  came  to  Oregon 
and  settled  at  Dayton  and  engaged  in  the  nur' 


a^B 


1% 


I'HI 


!! 


4S2 


HISTORY    OF    ORBOON. 


Hery  Imsiness,  whiuii  ho  coiitiiiiieil  for  tlirec 
years.  lie  then  went  to  I'litish  Coliiinhia  iind 
clerki'd  in  a  merciintile  establishment  and  re- 
mained there  one  year,  wiien  he  again  returned 
to  Oregon  and  from  tliere  went  to  Florence, 
Idaiio,  and  engagetl  in  mining,  next  in  mercan- 
tile pursuits,  wliieli  lie  followed  with  good  re- 
sults until  1807  and  then  returned  to  Portland, 
and  in  ISIiit  <'iimu  to  Union  county,  and  settled 
in  La  (irande,  where  he  has  since  resided,  en- 
gaged in  various  pursuits.  In  1876  he  received 
the  appointment,  from  I'resident  Hayes,  of  Keg- 
ister  of  the  Unite<l  States  liand  OtKce.  at  lia 
tTrunde,  and  served  in  that  capacity  for  eight 
years  and  a  half.  After  the  e.xpiration  of  his 
term  of  office  he  engaged  in  shipping  stock  and 
selling  agricultural  implements  and  lately  en- 
gage<l  in  the  grocery  business.  He  has  one  of 
the  neatest  stores  in  his  town  and  carries  a  stock 
valued  at  !5>4:,50().  For  a  new  man  in  the  busi- 
ness he  has  a  good  trade  that  is  steadily  increas- 
ing. Mr.  Dwight  is  the  owner  of  a  good  resi- 
dence and  other  town  ])roperty  and  has  been 
reasonably  successful  in  his  different  busi- 
ness ventures.  Like  many  of  the  jjioneers  he 
started  West  with  only  enough  to  take  him 
across  the  Isthmus  to  (lalifornia,  and  all  of  his 
nioney  he  has  made  since,  without  aid  from  any 
one.  He  has  made  a  great  deal  of  money,  but 
has  lost  much. 

ifr.  Dwight  was  married,  in  1871,  to  Mrs. 
Emily  lireed,  daughter  of  C.  W.  Ue  Pew.  She 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  born  in  1842,  and 
came  to  Oregon  with  her  parents  in  1858.  Her 
first  husband  died,  leaving  her  with  one  boy, 
Clarence  F.  lireed, who  has  adopted  his  step- 
father's name  and  iu)w  signs  his  name,  Clarence 
E.  Dwight.  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dwight  have  had  two 
children,  namely:  llattie  May,  now  a  young 
lady;  and  Frank  D.  Dwight,  si.xteen  years  of 
.ige. 

Mr.  Dwight  has  servc^d  the  city  as  Mayor, 
having  been  elected  on  the  Itepublican  ticket. 
He  has  also  served  as  ('ity  Recorder.  His  first 
vote  was  cast  for  Abraham  Lincoln.  .Mr.  Dwight 
has  always  been  an  enterprising  man,  ready  to 
assist  in  any  project  calculated  to  beiu'fit  his 
town  i.Tid  surrounciing  county.  He  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  the  politics  of  his 
party. 


■— rj**' 


"*- 


E  L  S  ( )  N  A.  M  I  L  L  E  R,  one  of  the  self- 
made  business  men  of  Umatilla  county, 
Oregon,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He 
was  born  in  Delaware  county,  Iowa,  .January  3. 
1858.  The  name  of  his  father  was  A.  1^.  Miller, 
who  married  Mrs.  Matilda  Lewis,  a  native  of 
Missouri.  When  Grandfather  Lewis  died  our 
subject  was  ten  years  of  age  and  the  grandparent 
was  101,  in  18(18.  The  father  of  our  subject 
nu)ved  to  southern  Iowa  and  there  the  mother 
dietl  at  the  age  of  fifty-three  years.  Mr.  Miller 
married  a  second  time  and  our  subject  did  not 
wish  to  remain  with  his  stepmother,  therefore 
started  out  from  home  alone,  without  a  cent,  at 
the  age  of  fourteen  years. 

The  first  business  contract  our  subject  formed 
was  that  of  hiring  out  to  work  for  a  farmer  for 
§25  for  one  year  with  clothes.  The  next  year 
he  had  $75  and  clothed  himself  and  the  follow- 
ing year  he  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  car- 
penter, serving  an  apprenticeship  for  three  years. 
His  lu^xt  venture  was  in  the  painting  business, 
and  another  art  for  some  time,  then  clerked  in  a 
hotel  for  Mr.  McKey  of  Centerville,  Iowa,  for 
two  years.  At  this  time  our  subject  liad  seen 
something  of  his  surrounding  neighborhood,  and 
he  then  went  to  Warrensburg,  Missouri,  where 
he  worked  at  the  trade  of  painter  for  a  year. 

Desiring  to  seethe  western  country, Mr.  Miller 
then  traveled  to  Kansas  and  Colorado  for  some 
time  in  the  interest  of  the  Sliotwell  target  gun, 
returning  to  Centerville,  in  1883  fie  went  to 
Kansas  City,  Missouri,  and  engaged  with  Lewis 
&  Co's,  (Treat  West  Paint  Company,  taking 
charge  of  the  painting  sijuad  and  ])aint  depots 
for  all  the  railroad  buildings  and  bridges  on  the 
(tulf  road,  from  Kansas  City  to  Memphis,  Ten- 
nessee. Later  he  returned  to  ('enterville,  re- 
maining but  a  short  time.  PVom  here  he  went 
to  Waukena,  Kansas,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
8hip])ingof  fowls  of  all  kinds  to  Denver,  Colo- 
rado. 

Our  subject  sold  this  business  and  returned  to 
Kansas  City,  where  he  entered  the  Union  Sig- 
nal service,  and  after  traveling  all  over  tlie 
country  he  received  his  <liscliarge  at  Philadel- 
phia and  then  returned  to  Iowa.  In  1886  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Finma  Storinfeltz,  a  native 
of  Iowa,  who  was  reared  in  Iowa.  Soon  after  his 
marriage,  our  subject  came  to  Oregon,  settling 
at  Atheiuiand  in  March,  1886,  bought  out  Will- 
iam Wagoner's  furniture  and  undertaking  store, 
but  in  1889 sold  it  to  W.  M.  King. and  in  1890 
he  took  the  store  back  again. 


HISTOUY    Oh'    OliEOON. 


iWi 


While  our  siilyeet  was  out  of  buHincHB  lie 
visited  tiie  Sound  country,  looiiing  for  a  loca- 
tion, made  a  visit  to  his  liome  in  Iowa,  returned 
and  again  settled  in  Athena.  At  this  place  Mr. 
Miller  carries  a  stock  of  furniture,  valued  at 
$3,000,  iind  is  doing  a  business  of  -^7,000,  owns 
his  residence  and  two  other  lots.  Mi',  and  Mrs. 
Miller  have  one  little  boy,  K.  A.  Miller,  born 
December,  1887.  Mr.  .^Iiller  is  a  member  of 
the  l[a?onic  order,  having  tilled  some  of  the 
most  important  offices  in  that  fraternity,  and 
also  carries  a  $5,000  insurance  policy  in  the  or- 
der. J'olitically  our  suiiject  is  a  ilepublican  and 
upholds  the  principles  of  that  party.  Althouirh 
in  his  youth  he  had  very  limited  advantages  for 
obtaining  an  edueatioii  he  embraced  every  op- 
portunity oftered.  He  taught  himself  while  act- 
ing as  clerk  in  the  hotel.  Having  earned  all  that 
he  owns  he  very  naturally  appreciates  it.  Ilia 
prospects  are  bright  and  as  he  is  yet  a  young 
man  he  has  the  future  l)efore  him. 


iDELMA  },{.  ELKINS  is  a  representative 
business  woman  of  the  Western  coast,  a 
native  of  the  State  of  Oreifon,  born  on  her 
father's  farm,  just  east  of  lioss  island  on  the 
Oregon  City  road,  August  31, 1853.  ller  father, 
Edward  Long,  was  born  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
June  3,  1817.  On  January  19,  184:7,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Martha  J.  Wills,  a  daughter  of  George 
W.  Wills,  latterly  of  Willsburg,  (Jiegoii,  and  a 
few  days  after  started  in  company  with  his 
young  bride,  her  parents,  and  a  number  of 
others,  on  their  long  and  perilous  journey  across 
the  plains  to  Oregon.  Arriving  there,  Mr.  Long 
secured  a  donation  land  claim  just  south  of 
East  Portland,  which  now  ■■.ijoins  the  city 
limits;  here  he  settled,  improved  and  built  upon 
it  and  resided  there  for  thirty  years,  a  most 
worthy  pioneer,  a  true  and  honorable  man, 
highly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him.  His 
death  occurred  February  20,  1889  (for  further 
particulars  concerning  him  see  sketch  of  Ed- 
ward Long  in  this  work).  The  ancestors  of  the 
family  settled  in  New  Hampshire  in  1721,  and 
trace  their  ancestry  back  to  Argylesliire,  Scot- 
land, previous  to  1(500.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Long  had 
four  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  living.  No- 
vember 21,  1855,  the  devoted  wife  and  mother 
was  removed  by  deatli  from  her  husband  and 
little  family. 

The  youngest  and  snlyect  of  this  sketcii,  waa 


then  two  years  of  age.  As  she  grew  up  she 
did  the  work  wliii'h  fanners'  diiughters  usually 
do,  and  attended  school.  Mr.  Long  was  one  of 
the  most  e.xtensive  fruit-growers  in  the  State, 
and  as  the  fi'uit  was  often  brought  ilown  the 
river  in  a  tow-boat  to  Portland,  the  girls  be- 
cajiie  experts  with  the  oar.-  and  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  boat,  ami  Mrs.  Elkin.-!  rcnieinbcrs 
with  pleasure  those  trips  in  her  girlhood  days, 
to  and  from  Portland,  in  the  early  summer 
mornings.  The  girls  were  also  expert  horse- 
women. When  eighteen  3'ear8  of  age,  Aaelnia 
M.  Long  was  married  to  Curtis  W.  Elkins,  a 
native  of  Mew  Hampshire,  and  by  occupation  a 
machinist  and  engineer.  The  fruit  of  this' mar- 
riage were  three  daughters:  Maud.  Afabie  and 
Pearl.  Little  Mable,  a  sweet,  cherished  Hower, 
was  transplanted  from  earth  to  heaven  when 
one  year  old,  leaving  memories  to  those  who 
loved  her  of  an  angel  with  goldyn  hair,  blue 
eyes  and  a  sunny  disposition.  Maud  and  Pearl 
are  bright,  intelligent,  pleasing  young  ladies; 
they  are  with  their  mother  and  afford  her  much 
valuable  assistance  and  companionship. 

A[r8.  Elkins  inherited  eighty  acres  of  land 
from  her  mother's  estate,  but  in  1879  all  had 
been  lost  through  bad  management  of  others. 
She  was  then  a  widow,  and  had  to  start  out 
alone  into  the  world  to  support  herself  and 
two  little  ones.  She  did  sewing,  embroidery, 
and  kept  roomers,  and  in  this  way  supported 
herself  and  children,  sending  them  to  school 
and  giving  them  a  liberal  education.  In  1888 
she  began  on  a  very  small  cajjital,  investiinr  in 
real  estate  in  Portland  and  made  some  protitablo 
transactions  and  rapidly  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  the  business,  and  exhibited  remarkably  good 
judgment  in  regard  to  locations  and  Values. 
Property  was  placed  in  her  hands  to  sell,  and 
she  was  also  engaged  to  make  purcha.ses.  She 
soon  became  noted  as  a  careful,  wise  and  suc- 
cessful operator.  In  1890  her  net  income  from 
real  estate  transactions  reached  the  handsome 
sum  of  $30,000.  She  also  made  large  sums  for 
her  patrons;  the  same  year  she  made  for  one 
$20,000,  another  .*§11,000,  another  $9,000,  and 
for  many  smaller  amounts.  She  is  owner  of 
several  valuable  pieces  of  Portland  property, 
also  owns  property  on  the  Sound  and  other  lo- 
cations. 

Tn  1890  Mrs.  Elkins  was  appointed  a  Notary 
Public  for  the  State  of  Oregon  by  Covernor 
Peniioyer,  and  is  at  present  serving  her  second 
two-year  term  as  such. 


w 


n 


454 


in  STORY    OF    OltKdON. 


She  is  now,  in  connection  witli  her  real-estate 
bnsiness,  jiroprietor  and   Inillla^fOl•  of  tiie  Hotel 
Portsinoiitli,  recently  built  by  the  owner,   Miss 
Helen  F.  Spawlding,   on   the  southeast  corner 
of  Park    and  Alder    Btreets,      Portland.      The 
Portsmouth     is     elegantly     furnished,    heated 
throughout   by   steam,    ami   lighted   by   gas,  a 
model  in  arranireinent  and  appearance,  fitted  up 
and  run  as  a  first  class  rooming  house,  has  sixty- 
five  rooms,   and   is  convenient  to  the  business    ; 
center  of  the  city.     Mrs.    Klkins  opened    the  ] 
Portsmouth    January  1,   1892,  and  before  the 
first  month  had  passed  the  house  was  will  tilled 
with  desirable  tenants.      Mrs.  Elkins  has  many 
warnf  friends,   who  rejoice  at  her   success,  and    i 
she  richly  deserves    the  prosperity   which   her   ! 
courage  and  business  tact  have  attained.     The   I 
liistory  of  this  energetic  Portland  lady  should 
form  an    incentive  to    other  gooil    women    to 
similar  worthy  efforts. 


ill.  JESSE  IlINKLE  is  among  the  promi- 
nent medical  practioiiers  and  progressive 
citizens  of  Central  Point.  lie  located  at 
Central  Point  six  years  ago,  and  in  addition  to 
his  professional  practice,  which  has  been  a 
lucrative  one,  he  also  carries  on  the  drug  busi- 
ness, and  deals  in  real  estate,  lie  is  the  owner 
of  considerable  business  and  residence  property 
in  the  city,  and  has  great  faith  in  the  future 
])ros|)erity  of  the  city. 

lie  has  exerted  his  best  energies  toward  its 
growth  ;ind  odvancement,  and  has  been  closely 
identified  with  some  of  its  most  important  en- 
terprises from  the  start,  and  is  over  ready  to 
encourage  all  matters  of  a  public  nature,  which 
have  for  their  object  the  advancement  of  the 
town  and  the  comity.  Among  the  mo&t  im- 
portant enter[)rises  of  Central  Point  is  the  Rogue 
Kiver  Sugar  Pine  Fluming  Company,  which 
was  incorporated  in  18'.)2,  by  the  following 
named  gentlemen,  Jesse  Ilinkle,  E.  Pleasant 
and  Ilaskel  Amy.  The  capital  stock  consists 
of  §187,000,  divided  into  shares  of  If!l00  each. 
The  Doctor  was  the  principal  promoter,  and  was 
instrumental  in  raising  the  stock  for  this  im- 
portant enter])rise.     The  flume  is  to  be  forty 


miles  in  length,  heading  at  a  point  near  the 
Rogue  river  falls,  in  a  section  where  the  sugar 
pine  growth  is  probably  not  equaled,  either  in 
<juaiitity  or  quality   on   the   Pacifi(!   coast;  the 


terminus,  being  at  Central  Point,  will  in  the 
near  future  atld  wonderfully  to  the  growth  and 
jirosjierity  of  this  llourisliing  city,  and  make  it 
one  of  the  most  important  towns  of  southern 
Oregon.  The  route  is  surveyed  and  located  and 
ready  to  be  let  to  building  contractors.  When 
built  it  will  irrigate  100,000  acres  of  Jand  and 
have  a  respectable  capacity  for  floating  lumber 
to  market. 

A  brief  sketch  of  the  life  and  changes  of  Dr. 
Ilinkle  in  as  follows:  He  was  born  in  Davis 
county.  North  Carolina,  October  10,  1827.  He 
was  the  son  of  Kaspar  and  Plioebe  (Todd) 
Ilinkle.  The  father  was  born  in  the  Keystone 
State,  and  was  of  German  extraction,  while  his 
wife  was  of  English  extraction,  also  born  in 
North  Carolina.  They  were  the  parents  of  eight 
children,  the  Doctor  being  the  fifth  child. 
Hi  ])arent8  removed  to  the  State  of  Indiana, 
aii't  located  in  I'utnani  county,  where  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  received  his  education,  and  fol- 
lowed farm  life. 

The  Doctor,  when  quite  a  young  man,  en- 
gaged in  buying  and  selling  stock,  and  in  the 
meantime  reading  medicine,  under  the  direction 
of  Dr.  William  Mathews,  a  prominent  physician 
of  (ireen  Castle,  Indiana,  lie  attended  lectures 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1850,  and  two  years  later 
removed  to  Effingham  connty,  Illinois,  where  he 
practiced  eight  years,  from  there  he  went  to 
Mercer  county,  Missouri,  atid  in  1862  he  re- 
iiioved  to  Madison  county,  Iowa,  later  to  Me- 
hiitka  county,  locating  at  O'kaloosa,  where  he 
remained  in  practice  many  yeius,  subsequently 
removing  to  Illinois,  and  thence  to  Oregon  in 
1882. 

The  Doctor  has  been  married  twice,  flrst  in 
Putnam  county,  Indiana,  August  31,  1851.  His 
wife  died  in  1872,  leaving  a  family  of  four 
children,  namely:  Mary  E.,  Melissa  A.,  Sarah 
J.,  and  Viola.  He  was  married  the  second 
time  in  Morgan  county,  Illinois,  to  an  estimable 
widow  lady,  Mrs.  E.  1).  Cooper.  In  political 
matters  the  Doctor  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his 
party. 


IHARLES  STEWART,  of  llillsboro.  Ore- 
gon,one  of  the  honored  pioneers  of  Oregon 
of  1846,  was  born  in  St.  Charles  county, 
Missouri,  April  !),  1818.  His  grandfather, 
Thomas  Stewart,  was    an   early  settler  of  Ken- 


IlIHTOltY    OF    OIlICaON. 


455 


r 

! 

\    ■ 

I. 


tucky,  and  served  in  the  Uevoliitioiiary  war, 
and  liis  fatlier,  Henjniiiin,  was  born  in  Kentucky, 
wlu'i'e  lie  married  Misis  Eiizalietli  Wocid.a  native 
of  Virginia.  They  had  a  family  of  six  ehildrcn, 
and  in  1840  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  thi'ee 
of  the  children  then  being  married,  and" they 
with  their  wives  and  children  joineil  the  party. 
They  came  to  Polk  county,  where  the  father 
pnrchased  land  and  settled  upon  the  Dove  dona- 
tion claim,  on  the  Hickreall.  He  had  (J-tO  acres 
of  land,  and  after  remaining  npon  this  one 
year  he  came  to  Oregon  and  worked  at  his 
trade  of   blacksmith,   on   the   Clackamas  river. 

At  thifi  time  he  removed  to  a  farm  of  040 
acres  of  timber  land,  three  miles  east  of  Oregon 
City,  an<l  in  1849  removed  to  the  Ilazelwitch 
farm  in  Washington  county,  where  ho  resided 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
May  19,  1850,  when  he  was  in  his  seventy- 
seventh  year.  He  was  an  honest  Democrat,  a 
good  Baptist  and  a  liard-working,  honest  man. 
Charles  Stewart,  who  is  the  subject  of  this 
sket.h,  served  in  the  Florida  war  in  1835,  and 
WHS  in  his  twenty-.seventli  year  when  ho  came  to 
Oregon.  He  had  married  in  Missouri,  Miss 
Martha  Ann  Wood,  a  native  of  Boone  county, 
Missouri,  born  in  1826.  They  brought  with 
tlieui  their  first  born  son  William,  who  now 
resides  in  California.  The  journey  across  the 
plains  was  a  long  an<l  tedious  one  of  eight 
months,  and  they  suffered  many  privations,  and 
had  the  misfortune  to  lose  by  death  the  only 
sister,  Nancy.  They  buried  her  in  Umpqua 
valley,  and  pen  cannot  describe  their  sadness 
of  such  a  bereavement  and  burial.  After 
crossing  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains,  on  their 
coming  to  Oregon,  they  lande<l  at  the  head  of 
the  Willamette  valley.  They  left  their  worn- 
out  teams,  and  were  so  nearly  starved  that  they 
hired  the  French  to  pack  them  to  the  French 
settlement,  a  distance  of  150  miles.  They 
crossed  the  three  forks  of  the  Willamette  river 
on  ponies,  Mrs.  Stewart  holding  her  child  in 
her  arms,  while  the  ponies  were  swimming. 
The  whole  distance  was  traveled,  and  nothing 
to  eat  only  the  game  that  was  killed.  It  was 
snowing  and  raiidng  all  the  time,  and  very 
cold.  The  23d  day  of  December,  1846,  in  the 
Willamette  valley,  was  the  first  they  slept  in  a 
house  for  eight  months. 

Our  subject  took  a  claim  near  his  father's 
land  in  Washington  county,  at  that  time  040 
acres  of  wild  land,  and  upon  this  he  builf  the 
log  house  of  the  pioneer.     The  family  had   but 


little  in  the  way  of  furniture,  and  not  much 
variety  in  their  food,  living  principally  on 
boiled  wlieiit  and  milk,  but  they  all  grew  fat, 
healthy  and  strong.  Here  he  and  his  good 
pioneer  wife  lived,  working  hard,  and  when 
they  ])ro8pered  she  rejoiced,  and  here  they  reared 
!i  linnily  of  ten  children.  The  oldest  child, 
Sarah,  was  born  in  Oregon.  She  nnirried  Mr. 
,Fohn  Thomas,  but  died  in  her  twenty  third 
year;  Mary  Adaline  became  the  wife  of  John 
Simpson,  and  resides  near  Hillsboro  on  a  farm; 
Martha  Jane  married  Mr.  Andrew  Jack,  and 
resides  in  Farmington,  Washington  county; 
Susan  married  Mr.  George  Fuller,  and  they 
reside  in  Spokane.  They  own  a  farm  near. 
John  Benjamin  is  a  farmer,  and  lives  three 
miles  south  of  Hillsboro;  Georgo  resides  in 
Portland;  Emma  married  Mr.  James  McC'larkin, 
and  resides  in  Washington  county;  Charles 
resides  with  his  parents;  EfHe  married  Mr.  James 
D.  Atley,  and  resides  in  East  Portland. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart  resided  on  the  farm 
thirty  six  years,  making  a  valuable  property  of 
it,  then  sold  the  place  and  retired  to  Hillsboro, 
Vihere  they  purchased  lots  and  Imilt  a  nice  resi- 
dence. Here  these  worthy  pioneers  are  spend- 
ing the  evening  of  a  well  spent  life,  with  their 
large  family  of  nine  children  living  within  a 
short  distance,  at  the  farthest  but  a  day's  jour- 
ney. Mrs.  Stewart  looks  young  for  a  lady  who 
has  almost  reached  her  iiftietii  anniversary  of 
her  wedding  day.  She  possesses  a  cheerful  dis- 
position, and  is  a  leading  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church. 

Mr.  Stewart  is  a  good  Democrat  in  his  polit- 
ical belief.  His  seventy-four  years  of  hard 
industry  has  left  him  still  a  stout  man,  and  they 
both  look  backward  with  pleasure  to  those 
[lioneer  days  in  Oregon,  when  they  started  with 
nothing  but  hope  and  a  big  stock  of  industry, 
and  they  say  that  those  early  days  were  the  hap- 
piest days  of  their  lives.  It  is  not  necessary  to 
add  that  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stewart  are  well  known 
and  that  they  have  a  host  of  friends,  for  such 
things  always  follow  such  faithful  lives  as  theirs 
have  been. 


lUMAN  H.  NICHOLS,  who  for  years  has 
been  the  obliging  and  capable  Postmaster  of 
Garden  Home, Washington  county,  Oregon, 
native  of  Vermont,  born  August  17,  1832. 
father,  Ephraim   C.  Nichols,   was   born  i 


4nii 


hrSTOIiV    OF    (illKddX. 


n 


Verinout  in  1802.  Graiidfutliur  iM'iistiis  Nichols, 
wns  ft  resident  of  South  (Carolina,  and  sevtTal  of 
tiie  family  participated  in  tiie  war  for  indepeixl- 
fiice,  and  fonght  in  the  Jinttlc  of  Ticondcrofjn. 
Mr.  Nichols'  father  Tnarried  Miss  Ahigail 
Grout,  a  native  of  his  own  State,  born  in  ISIO, 
and  they  had  a  family  of  eleven  children,  four 
of  whom    are    living.     The    father  died   in   his 


d    ''le    mother 


hi 


eighty  eighth    year 
seventy-tirst. 

<  )nr  suliject  was  the  eldest  child,  and  was  edu- 
cated in  his  native  town  until  the  age  f)f  eight- 
een years,  when  he  hegan  t(>  do  business  for 
liiinself.  First  he  worked  as  a  farm  Iwy  for 
wages,  and  attended  school  in  winter,  until  he 
was  twenty  years  old.  He  was  economical  and 
industrious,  and  soon  was  aide  to  purchase  a 
tine  piece  of  land,  wiiich  he  gave  to  his  father. 
The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  Novem- 
ber I'i,  1852.  to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Waterman,  a  na- 
tive of  Vermont,  and  one  child  was  born  of 
this  marriage,  named  Frank.  Mrs.  Nichols  was 
only  spared  to  her  husband  five  years.  Frank 
resides  in  Vermont,  and  there  our  6ul)ject  con- 
tinued to  reside  a  number  of  years.  In  1803 
he  married  Miss  Anna  Thurston,  born  in  Ver- 
mont, December  27,  1849,  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
James  Thornton. 

During  the  civil  war  Mr.  Nicliols  served  as 
a  sutler  on  his  own  account  in  the  Second  Ver- 
mont Urigade.  He  owned  a  home  in  V^ermont 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  also  a  carpenter 
shop,  where  he  did  a  large  manufacturing  and 
coopering  businees.  In  1867  he  came  to  Ore- 
gon l)y  water,  landing  at  Portland,  lie  bought 
property  at  Oswego,  and  the  family  resided  for 
two  years  at  East  Portland,  bnt  in  1871  they 
came  to  (Jarden  Home,  where  Mr.  Nichols  pur- 
chased eighty-five  acres  of  rich  land  in  a  choice 
locality,  on  which  lie  has  since  resided,  engaged 
in  farining  and  in  building.  On  his  property 
he  has  a  good  residence,  tine  frnit  and  all  of  the 
comforts  of  life.  He  built  a  good  store,  and  in 
this  he  keeps  a  general  stock  of  goods,  and 
attends  to  the  duties  of  the  post  office,  a>5  lie  has 
been  the  efKcient  Postmaster  for  the  ])ast  ten 
years.  In  politii^s  he  is  a  Democrat,  but  is  such 
a  straightforward,  reliable  citizen,  that  none  in 
llie  neighborhood  have  ever  desired  any  change. 
no  matter  what  changes  may  have  taken  place 
at  Washington. 

Mr.  Nichols  is  ably  assisted  by  his  obliging 
wife,  who  has  proved  to  be  a  fdilhful  helpmate. 
They  are  highly  respected    people  through  the 


county,  and  are  deeply  attached  to  the  State, 
where  they  have  passed  the  last  twenty  years  of 
life, 


'^^-^i<^if^7^-^ 


A.  MILLIOUX,  one  of  the  representa. 
tive  citizens  of  Junction  City,  was  born 
<*  in  Campbell  county,  Virginia,  in  Au- 
gust, 1828,  a  son  of  .lohn  and  Mary  W.  (iiee) 
Milliorn.  who  were  also  Virginians  by  birth. 
The  father  was  a  wagon-maker  by  trade,  and 
also  paid  some  attention  to  agriculture;  in  1883 
he  removed  to  Alonroe  county,  Tennessee,  where 
he  lived  until  1843,  removing  then  to  Jackson 
county.  Missouri.  He  crossed  the  plains  in 
1852,  and  arriving  in  Oregon  ht^  located  a  dona- 
tion claim  one  mile  west  of  Junction  City,  and 
engaged  in  farming. 

Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  had  attained  his  majarity;  he  had  learned 
the  wagon-maker's  trade,  and  manufactured  the 
vehicle  in  which  lie  and  three  companions 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  in  the  summer 
of  1849.  Ihe  trip  was  fraught  with  the  usual 
hardships  and  dangers;  on  Feather  river  they 
were  caught  in  a  snowstorm,  and  preserved  the 
lives  of  their  o.xen  by  feeding  them  bread  and 
bacon  cooked  together.  They  pushed  ahead, 
and  reaching  Lawson's  they  sold  tlieir  cattle,  and 
digging  out  canoes,  went  down  the  river  to 
Sacramento  City.  Here  they  built  a  skiff,  and 
went  up  the  Sacramento  river  to  Marysville, 
where  Mr.  Milliorn  went  to  work  at  carpentering 
at  I?  12  per  day;  for  three  months  lu*  followed 
this  occupation,  and  then  went  to  the  mines  on 
Trinity  river,  where  he  passed  the  summer,  mak- 
ing from  S15  to  $18  per  day.  In  the  fall  of 
1850.  he  bought  a  |)ack-train  of  sixteen  animals, 
and  until  1852  packed  from  Colusa  to  Trinity 
and  Vreka  mines.  July  12,  1852,  he  arrived  in 
the  Willamette  valley,  and  took  up  a  claim  west 
of  Junction,  on  which  his  (iitlier  settled  later  in 
the  year;  he  then  nnide  another  claim  of  100 
acres,  which  became  the  site  of  .Junction  City, 
anci  later  added  140  acres  by  purchase.  In  1870 
he  sold  ninety  acres  to  Hen  llolladay  for  rail- 
roa '  purjjoses,  and  afterward  laid  out  several 
additions  to  the  town,  until  the  original  cl.'iim 
and  purchase  are  reduced  to  forty  acres.  Ilo 
owns  13()  acres,  three  miles  8(Uitheast  of  tlie 
towij,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  agriculture; 
he  ha?  also  followetl  his  (riid(!  at  Junction  C!ity. 
In   1888    he  rented  his   land,  and  retired  from 


insToiir  OF  oHEnox. 


m 


MS' 


I 

3 


the  iinliioiiK  liilwrs,  wliicli  \\w\  for  so  inuny  years 
uoiisiiiiit'd  liih  time  iiitd  eiu'rju;ie8. 

iMr.  Millioni  whs  inarriu'l  in  Lano  county  in 
IStiii,  to  Miss  Eliza  K.  Aubrey,  a  dauirliter  of 
T.  N.  Aubrey,  a  ]>ioiiuer  of  18o().  Mrs.  Mil- 
lion! (lied  it)  1S77,  leaving  four  eliildren:  N'ina 
A.,  wife  of  I).  C  Gore;  Cora  I,ee,  wife  of  Will- 
iam liurt;  Frank  B.,  an  extensive  stock-dealer 
in  eastern  (>re;L;on;  and  James  15.,  who  died 
when  nearly  seven  years  old.  In  1S78  ^[r. 
JUilliorn  married  Miss  Mary  J>.  Hill,  a  native 
of  Iowa,  and  the  result  of  this  union  is  two 
children:  EfKe  Gertrude  and  ^lerle.  PoliticiUly, 
Mr.  Milliorn  attiliates  with  the  Democratic 
])arty,  hut  ho  has  always  confined  his  energies  to 
private  affairs.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
order,  and  in  both  business  and  social  circles  he 
is  highly  respected  by  the  entire  conimunity. 


fSi^> 


^^^-^^^ 


fAMES  A.  lU'SIIXELL,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative citizens  of  Junction  City,  was 
born  in  Cattaraugus  county.  New  York,  in 
182(i,  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Ursula  (Pratt)  liush- 
iiell,  luitives  of  Connecticut;  the  parents  emi- 
grated to  the  State  of  New  York  about  the  year 
1810.  and  there  ^Mr.  BushncU  followed  far.ming 
until  1830,  removing  that  year  to  Ohio,  where 
he  passed  the  closing  days  of  his  life.  James 
A.,  the  subject  of  this  notice,  remained  with  his 
parents  in  Ohio  until  after  the  death  of  the 
father;  then  he  ami  his  mother  joined  the  tide 
of  Western  emigration,  and  journeyed  westward 
to  Adair  county,  Missouri.  lie  was  married  in 
1850,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  Atkins,  and  two 
years  later  ho  started  across  the  plains  to  the 
I'acifie  coast.  In  partnership  with  two  other 
men,  Mr.  liushnell  fitted  up  a  prairie  wagon 
with  four  yokes  of  o.xen,  and  made  the  trip  in 
live  months;  arriving  at  Salem,  they  continued 
southward  to  the  mines  in  Shasta  county;  they 
mined  until  the  summer  of  1853.  with  satisfac- 
tory results.  Mr.  Hnshnell  then  went  to  San 
Francisco,  and  tiience  by  steamer  and  the  Ni- 
caragua route,  returned  to  Missouri  for  his 
fav.iily;  upon  his  arrival  he  found  a  cold  hearth- 
stone and  empty  home,  as  his  family  had  already 
started  across  the  plains  to  Oregon.  Retracing 
his  steps,  be  came  by  steamer  and  the  Istbmns 
of  I'anaiiux,  arriving  in  duo  course  at  Portland. 
Proceeding  up  the  valley  he  searched    for  his 


loved  ones,  and  at  SpringHeld  therts  was  a  joyous 
meeting. 

In  the  fall  of  1853  ho  located  a  donation  claim 
of  320  acres,  six  miles  south  of  Junction  ('ity, 
and  engaged  in  general  agricultural  pursuits; 
he  lived  upon  this  j)lace  until  1865,  when  he 
sold  it,  and  bought  800  acres  bordering  the 
Willamette  river,  four  miles  southeast  of  tl unc- 
tion City.  There  he  pursued  the  same  occupa- 
tion until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  . I  unction 
City,  where  he  has  since  resided,  although  he 
still  retains  his  farm,  and  owtis  other  agricult- 
ural lands.  Mrs.  Hushnell  died  in  1868,  leaving 
four  children,  two  of  whom  survive:  Lucy  J., 
wife  of  William  M.  Pitney;  and  Helen  V.,  wife 
of  C.  J.  Ehrman.  Mr.  Bushnell  was  married  a 
second  time  in  1870,  to  Mrs.  Saruh  E.  (Farrell) 
Powell,  and  they  have  had  born  to  them  five 
children,  oidy  two  living,  Henry  C.  and 
Myrtie  G. 

It  was  in  1874  that  Mr.  Hushnell  l)uilt  a 
warehouse  at  Junction  City,  and  afterward 
bought  the  grain  elevator,  which  he  continues  to 
0])erate.  He  established  the  water-works  in 
1879,  supplying  the  town  and  railroad  com- 
panies, lie  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  tiio 
city  and  in  developing  her  resources.  For  four 
terms  he  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Coun- 
cil, and  during  two  terms  has  been  Mayor. 
Politically,  he  adheres  to  tiie  principles  of  the 
Prohibition  party,  and  in  his  religious  faith,  is 
a  devout  supporter  of  thc^  doctrines  of  the 
Christian  Church.  In  1892  ho  superintended 
the  erection  of  the  new  church  edihce. 

He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Junction 
City  Hotel  Company,  and  is  always  ready  and 
willing  to  join  any  enterprise  that  will  tend  to 
the  l)est  interests  of  the  place.  Having  lived  a 
life  of  honor  and  integrity,  he  has  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  his  fellow-men. 

fAMALIEL  G.  NEWTON,  a  higlily  re- 
spected pioneer  of  Oregon  and  a  prosper- 
ous farmer  of  Benton  county,  in  which  he 
located  in  1848,  was  born  in  IJcking  county, 
Ohio,  November  7,  1839. 

His  parents  were  Abiathar  and  Rachel  (Gar- 
linghonse)  Newton,  both  natives  of  Hampden 
county,  Massachusetts,  the  former  born  August 
8,  1800.  the  latter.  January  10,  1805.  They 
were  married  October  5,  182<),  and  after  forty- 
three  years  of  married  life  in   Kentucky,  Ohio, 


1 


4B8 


lIlsroiiY    Uf    OUKHOS. 


*  :.; 


M 


Iowa  and  Oiesron,  Mtb.  Newton  died  August 
18,  1809.  She  was  the  inotlier  r,f  eight  chil- 
dren. Her  liushiind  snrvives  iiiid  was  married 
in  I'xMitoii  county,  Oregon,  April  2.  1JS71,  to 
iVIrs.  Lydia  1'.  Dudge  iyiiee  Nash). 

Tlie  subject  of  tliis  si<etch  removed  witli  his 
parents  to  Van  15ur(>n  county,  Iowa,  in  1840, 
wliere  he  remained  for  seven  years,  wiien  tlie 
family  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  settlint;  in 
Denton  county.  Mr.  Newton  was  reared  to 
farm  life,  which  lie  has  always  followed.  He 
has  resided  lor  ir  any  years  on  his  present  farm, 
locate<l  four  miles  we.~t  of  Corvallis,  and  which 
consists  of  800  acres,  150  of  which  is  cultivated 
to  farming,  two  acres  heing  in  an  orchard  of  a 
variety  of  fruit. 

Ho  was  married  <in  October  26,  1862,  to 
jMiss  Susan  AVood,  a  native  of  Iowa  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Rev.  Jease  Wood,  an  eminent 
minister  and  a  native  ot  Virginia,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1858.  Hy  his  first  marriage,  which 
occurred  on  October  4,  1827,  there  were  two 
children:  Klizabeth  and  Joseph  ('.  His  second 
wife  was  Martha  ilinkle  Wood,  also  a  Virgin- 
ian by  birth,  who  died  October  25.  1800,  aged 
eeventy-tive  years.  Rev.  .lesse  Wood  had  passed 
his  eighty-sixth  birtliiiay.  when  he  died  Septem- 
ber S,  1890.  f^real'y  lan'iented  by  all  who  knew 
hini.  He  was  a  conscientious  and  earnest 
worler  for  the  dissemination  of  religious  in- 
struction among  the  people  and  did  much  good 
during  his  long  and  useful  life. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newton  have  ten  children, 
seven  living,  viz.;  Diana  C,  Margaret,  Mary  E. 
Janie  J.,  Alvia  A.,  Emery  J.  anil  Cora  L.  The 
children  deceased  are.  Sarah,  died  January  17, 
1869;  I.ouisH,  died  February  12,  1873;  and  an 
i!ifiint  daughter,  died  November  20.  1881. 

Politically,  Mr.  Newton  is  an  active  Repub- 
lican and  has  several  times  been  honored  by  his 
con.-tituents  with  otHce.  He  was  for  a  couple 
of  years  an  efficient  C!ounty  Oommissioner  and 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  School  Board, 
District  No.  13,  for  many  years,  in  both  of 
which  capacities  he  displayed  eminent  ability. 

The  family  are  worthy  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  to  which  they  have 
rendered  much  assistance. 

Mr.  Newton's  life  would  turnish  a  good  ex 
ample  for  all  boys  to  study  and  follow,  as  show- 
ing what  unaided  elfort  can  accomplish,   when 
persistently  and  intelligently  applied  and  when 
combined    with  careful    econdniy    and    supple- 


mented by  the  woiiderfidly  fertile  soil   of    the 
glorious  State  of  Oregon. 

iR.  A.  C.  CALDWELL,  one  of  the  most 
able  members  of  the  dental  fraternity  of 
southern  Oregon,  was  born  in  I'olk  county, 
Oregon,  September  7.  1854.  His  father  'ix 
E.  Caldwell,  was  a  native  of  Missouri,  ai>  .ni- 
grated  to  Oregon  in  1851,  where  he  dii  ilay 
10,  180(5.  The  mother,  nee  Mariah  (Treeu- 
street,  was  also  born  in  Missouri,  and  died  in 
Oregon,  in  1856. 

A.  C.  Caldwell.'the  third  in  a  family  of  fmir 
children,  was  throwti  oi;  his  own  resources  early 
ill  life,  and  all  the  credit  that  may  be  due  him 
as  a  professioiud  man  or  otherwite,  has  been 
honorably  gained  in  the  school  of  experience. 
He  has  made  his  own  way,  step  by  step,  with- 
out the  assistance  of  others,  and  now  ranks 
among  the  leading  men  of  the  fraternity.  He 
enjoys  an  extensive  patronage,  and  is  highly  es- 
teemed, both  by  the  professiim  and  the  public 
at  large.  He  was  reared  in  Marion  county, 
this  State,  and  attended  Monmouth  State  Nor- 
mal School.  He  was  then  engaged  in  ideikiiig 
and  teaching  until  1877,  and  in  that  yeuj' began 
his  professional  studies,  located  later  in  SaieTii, 
in  1885.  Mr.  Caldwell  permanently  locateil  in 
Ashland  in   1888. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  while  residing  in 
Marion  county,  in  October,  1886,  with  Miss 
Leah  M.  J^rice,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  they 
have  one  daughter,  Heulah.  In  political  mat- 
ters, the  Doctor  is  a  consistent  Democrat.  So- 
cially, he  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  Royal 
Arch.  Eastern  Star  and  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Encamp- 
ment and  Rebekah  lodges. 


^•©©^^^f*- 


SON.  J.  C.  AVERY,  deceased.— There  are 
few  men  in  Benton  county  whose  names 
are  more  familiar  to  the  people  at  large 
than  that  of  J.  C.  Avery.  He  was  truly  one  of 
the  Argonauts  of  Oregon. 

This  gentleman  was  born  in  Lucerne  county, 
Pennsylvania,  June  0,  1817.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Connecticut  and  descendants  of  the 
early  and  influen  al  families  of  that  State.  He 
was  reared  to  niaidiood  in  the  State  of  his  birth, 
where  ho  received  a  liberal  education  and  subse- 


u 


ji fawny  oh'  oukuon. 


■mi) 


qiiontly  inovi'il  to  Stiirk  county,  Illinois.  From 
tliciv,  in  lS-15,  Mr.  Avery  cauio  to  ()re4?on,  his 
wife  joinini;  him  two  years  hiler.  in  l!S47. 
III!  took  iij)  11  cliiiin  in  I'enton  county,  consist- 
in>^  of  G4()  acres,  in  1840,  where  the  city  of 
('arvftllis  is  now  located.  Fie  went  to  Cali- 
fornia in  184y,  at  the  time  of  Marshall'.s  fjrcat 
discovery,  hut  after  enjfaifing  in  mining  on  the 
north  fork  of  the  American  river  for  a  time,  he 
returned  to  his  claim.  The  first  lot8  of  the 
present  city  of  Corvallis  were  surveyed  and  sold 
by  Mr.  Avery,  in  1849,  and  as  the  county  set- 
tled uj),  portions  of  his  claims  were  surveyed 
and  sold  right  along.  Mrs.  Avery  still  owns 
180  acres  adjacent  to  this  city,  about  one-half 
of  which  is  cultivated  in  grain.  She  also  owns 
city  property.  Mr.  Avery,  during  his  lifetiine 
was  connected  with  mercantile  pursuits  and  was 
a  progressive,  influential  citizen.  His  life  was 
a  singularly  industrious  and  busy  one,  but  in 
spite' of  all  his  business  interests  he  always  was 
rtady  to  lend  a  helping  hand  to  whatever  prom- 
ised to  benettt  the  city.  lie  was  apppointed  by 
President  Pierce  Postal  Agent  for  tlie  district 
embracing  Oregon  and  AVashington  Territory, 
in  1853,  and  served  for  several  years.  He  was 
cho-seu  to  represent  Benton  county  in  the  State 
Legislature  on  two  dilTerent  occasions  and  his 
services  were  rendered  with  fidelity  and  honesty. 
As  a  result  of  his  many  sterling  qualities  his 
memory  is  held  in  the  highest  estimation  by  all 
who  knew  him.  His  death  occurred  June  16, 
187G. 

Mr.  Avery  was  married  in  Stark  county,  Illi- 
nois, to  Miss  Martha  Marsh,  March  13,  1841. 
She  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel  and  Esther  (Pettibone)  Marsh, 
both  of  whom  were  born  in  Connecticut  and 
removed  to  Illinois,  where  they  died  in  1836. 
Mr.  and  Mrs  Avery  had  twelve  children,  six  of 
whom  are  still  living,  namely:  Punderson; 
Florence,  now  Mrs.  George  Jones;  Francis  A., 
now  Mrs.  George  Helm;  George  W.;  Napolian 
B.  and  Gertrude,  now  Mrs.  B.  F.  Irvine. 

Mr.  Avery  was  truly  a  representative  Ore- 
gonian  and  his  wife  is  an  estimable  ladj',  who 
aided  her  talented  and  illustrious  husband  in 
liis  undertakings  and  is  now  enjoying  her  life, 
surrounded  by  the  comforts  her  hands  helped 
to  earn. 


fOIlN  D.  ISKAKI.,  one  of  Weston's  ener- 
getic business  men  and  honored  citizens, 
was  born  in  Logans])ort,  Indiana,  Fel)rnary 
3.  1848,  and  liveil  in  his  native  place  until  thir- 
teen years  of  age.  His  father.  Michael  Israel, 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina  and  came  to  In- 
diana when  a  young  man  and  was  there  married 
to  Miss  Mary  DeBoise,  a  native  of  that  State, 
after  wliich  he  moved  to  Illinois,  in  i8()l,  where 
\w  carried  on  his  occupation  of  farming.  His 
flrst  settlement  was  made  in  Logan  county, 
where  he  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-three  years. 
His  wife  died  in  1863,  aged  forty-two,  leaving 
three  children,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the 
youngest  and  the  only  one  now  living. 

.John  Israel  was  reared  on  the  farm  until  after 
his  mother's  death,  when  lie  felt  that  his  duty 
called  him  to  take  up  arms  in  defense  of  his 
country,  therefore,  .lannary  1, 1864  he  enlisted  in 
the  One  Hundred  and  SLxtli  Illinois  Infantry, 
shouldered  his  musket  and  started  forth  to  bat- 
tle for  his  country.  He  was  not  dispatched  until 
some  time  after  his  enlistment,  but  partici- 
pated in  thebattlesof  Pine  Bluffs, Arkansas,Clar- 
endon,  Arkansas  and  several  smaller  ones,  al- 
though his  term  of  enlistment  did  not  extend  over 
more  than  one  and  one-half  years  and  he  saw 
harder  service  than  some  of  the  soldiers  whose 
term  extended  over  the  entire  war.  Mr.  Israel 
was  discharged  in  August,  1865,  at  Pine  Bluffs, 
Arkansas.  After  his  discharge  he  returned 
home  and  farmed  his  father's  farm  for  ten  years, 
when  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Chesttiut,  Illinois,  and  continued  in  that  occu- 
pation until  1884,  when  he  went  to  Chicago 
and  engaged  with  D.  W.  Dnnhell  &  Co.,  u-rain 
merchants.  In  this  capacity  he  bought  grain 
for  the  company  for  six  years  and  then  came  to 
Weston,  Oregon,  where  he  engaged  to  buy  wheat 
for  Hamilton  &  Kourk'),  with  wliom  he  has  since 
continued.  Mr.  Israel  has  charge  of  a  number 
of  workhouses  on  the  Union  Pacific  railroad, 
Spokane  branch. 

In  addition  to  his  other  interests  Mr.  Israel 
is  one  of  the  directors  and  shareholders  in  the 
Weston  Bank.  He  also  organized  the  militia  at 
Weston  and  was  elected  Captain  of  the  com- 
pany, serving  until  -luly,  1892,  when  he  re- 
sisjned.  He  is  one  of  the  City  Conncilmen  of 
Weston.  Mr.  Israel  is  a  member  of  G.  A.  R., 
Post  No.  45,  of  Weston  and  is  Commander  of 
the  Modern  Woodmen  of  the  World,  Camp  of 
Weston. 

Mr-  Israel  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Clark, 


460 


UIsroHY    Oh'    OHKdoy. 


ill  1870,  who  WHS  li(irii  in  liiiiioi!*.  Mr.  rikI 
Mi-i*.  Israel  iiiivc  liiiil  f<iiir  cliililruii  liorn  tutlioiii, 
iiHiiifly:  CJIiirk,  Jesbie,  (iruvui'iiiiil  MiiMe.  I'olit- 
iuallv,  Mr.  Israfi  is  a  inoinlii'r  of  tlio  People's 
jmrty,  having  voted  for  Weaver  every  time  lie 
ran  for  I'l-ebiiicnt.  ^fr.  Israel  owns  eonsider- 
ahle  proipcrty  in  Weston  together  with  his  resi- 
ileiute.  lie  is  a  man  cali'.nlatcd  tu  eominand  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  uU  wlio  come  in  contact 
with   him. 


»i<)N.l)r.\IIA.MWia(iHT.  a  very  prom 
iiient  resident  of  Union  county,  Oregor. 
4-'l  '^  ''"^  8iil)ject  of  the  present  sketch.  Me 
was  Ixprii  ill  Des  Moines  county,  Iowa,  March 
18,  1^42  and  lived  there  until  he  was  twelve 
years  of  age,  his  father  with  his  family  then 
moved  to  Union  county  in  the  v.'esterii  part  of 
the  State,  a  section  of  country  inhahited  only 
hy  the  red  men  of  the  great  jiniiries  and  a  few 
poverty  stricken  Mormons,  who  had  settled 
there  after  leaving  Naiivoo.  Here  our  siihject 
received  only  such  education  ascould  heatfurded 
hy  his  father  and  teachers  who  were  willing  to 
give  a  few  months  of  the  year  to  the  inetruc- 
tion  of  the  young  in  the  log  echoolhoiiso  of 
that  new  country.  Many  of  those  old  log  tcliool- 
houses  still  stand,  and  many  are  the  gifted  men 
who  have  gone  out  from  them  and  have  made 
names  in  the  world  since. 

Such  was  the  case  with  the  present  siihject. 
His  early  education  did  not  satisfy  him;  there- 
fore he  applied  himself  and  the  result  was  that  lie 
hecaine  practically  well  educated.  His  father 
was  John  D.  Wright,  a  native  of  Vermont,  horn 
in  1807,  who  came  to  Illinois  in  1827,  ahout 
the  same  time  that  the  Lincoln  and  Hanks  fami- 
lies moved  here.  He  married  Miss  Celia  Hanks, 
a  native  of  Kentucky  and  a  cousin  of  Ahraham 
Lincoln,  hut  Mrs.  Wright  died  when  our  sub- 
ject was  very  small,  and  Mr,  Wright  afterward 
married  Miss  Evaliiie  Simmons.  By  his  first 
marriage  he  liad  a  family  of  four  children  and 
six  hy  his  last.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  and 
followed  that  hnsiiiess  for  many  years,  and  was 
the  first  teacher  of  that  man  who  afterward  he- 
came  first  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen. 
After  the  day's  work  was  done,  Mr.  Wright 
would  hear  young  Ahraham  Lincoln  recite  his 
lessons  as  Lincoln  made  his  home  with  him  at 
that  time. 

Mr.  Wright  and   Mr.   Lincoln  served    in    the 


same  (uniipany  in  the  i'lack  Hawk  war,  IJncolii 
lieing  C'aptaiii  and  Wright  Orderly  Sergeant 
In  lS3i5  Mr.  Wright  removed  to  Iowa  and  was 
made  several  times  Territorial  Legislator.  He 
has  always  he(<!i  an  active  man  in  politics  and 
has  held  eoiiio  oflice  of  trust  and  confidence  all 
his  life  until  ho  has  hccome  too  old  to  manage 
any  piihlie  affairs.  He  is  now  living  at  Koso- 
dale,  Missouri,   at  the  age  of  eighty-five  years. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen  Dunhain  started  out 
ill  life  for  himself  with  nothing  but  a  hrave 
heart,  good  habits  and  strong  hands  for  capital. 
He  was  filled  with  the  tales  of  the  mountains  of 
silver  and  gold  (,f  the  far  West,  and  his  idea  was 
to  get  there  as  soon  as  possible.  Therefore,  in 
1800  found  him  at  Pike's  I'oak,  where  he 
worked  in  the  mines  and  explored  the  mount- 
ains for  two  years  and  while  there  made  the  ac- 
(jiiaintaiice  of  Senator  Teller,  waiting  upon  him 
through  a  long  spell  of  sickness  thus  cementing 
a  strong  f'riendsliip. 

In  1862  our  siioject  come  to  Idaho,  rciiiain- 
iiig  there  until  18(53,  when  he  came  to  Union 
connty,  Oregon,  where  he  took  up  land  in  the 
(irande  Konde  valley  in  the  c^ove.  Ho  followed 
packing  freight  from  Umatilla  to  Idaho  for  two 
years  and  then  had  enough  money  to  commence 
the  improvement  of  his  farm  and  to  stock  it. 
Now  he  has  a  fine  fruit  farm  and  a  grain  farm 
of  400  acres,  near  the  town  of  Cove,  that  he  lived 
on  for  many  years.  Our  subject  is  also  the 
owner  of  the  medical  spring  in  Union  county, 
whicli  he  is  improving  into  a  medical  resort  and 
he  also  owns  lOO  acres  of  land  near  the  spring, 
having  in  all  some  800  acres  of  land, 

Mr.  Wright  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
from  Union  county  in  connection  with  Baker 
county,  in  1872,  and  was  re-elected  in  1874  and 
again  in  1878,  but  in  1880  he  was  elected  to  the 
StateSenate.  In  1892  he  received  the  nomination 
of  the  People's  party  for  the  Siipreine  Judge  of 
Oregon  but  declined  the  nomination.  He  was 
then  tendered  the  nomination  as  joint  Senator 
of  Union  and  Umatilla  counties,  which  he  ac- 
cepted. He  has  always  been  an  active  man  in 
political  work,  always  working  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party  until  1892,  when  he  became  con- 
vinced that  the  People's  party  was  best  for  the 
interests  of  the  farmers  and  joined  that.  He 
has  always  had  a  friendly  feeling  for  the  red 
men  of  the  forest,  as  he  had  many  of  them  for 
playmates  in  his  young  days.  Mr.  Wright  is  a 
member  of  the  Karmert;'  Alliance  and  has  bren 
made  State  Lecturer  for  that  ordt^r. 


/..--'/.f.    /tejf-N"  »'■-*''' 


n. 


h3^^ 


fffH 


:fii'.>}f. 


nil 


I'f  onr  iiuhieut  im.k    | 


■  t 


"•»•.  Ik  rti  ill    ifiT^i    i.nii- 
niuii. 


■■••111(108 

.,<    Unit 


<h 


■  AVVTUOUNK     'Hi    >«»rn    iu 
<M'ty.  I'nnimvnN'i'*    Muf'h    !'■* 


M<l  w««  rt  -im  "*  Jitiii«'»  >»n-'    M 


II 


K 


l»r. 


Ilntivf 


.mill)    lliiwtliiiriir.    wli"     \4'i'rr    "f 
•  hi.      Mi-  t'rtflit)r  vvnn  H  furmor,  i»-.* 

i'llll)l'tll(!'l   null,    ktvj  *^'t. 

i'.I:..^t>i.    for)'- vtviuii<t. 

!«•     )tiMkiM><.(     ;ii     It 

ijiiiii.i  .(■»!•'   'In- 

Ittmiroiii .    "f     M<-.  .  , 

nft.nr  11  liru'f  tiiiirM)  umitT  liit<  tiiitKti.ui  «ti!<r«<l 
tJu.<  MfJical  lfiiiv(>r-ity  Ht,  Loiiioullc.  Keffin.k)!, 
fn.m  \rht<ih  'oflituHoii   h?  nHW^jimnMv  fjiai 

niMiwntW  iir<Kttioe  in    ly>uUviik?.    wit:. 

,  ^  c  ' -on,    iJf     H  iwrbof  ,  •  inung  '*nUt 

lHf>U.  wb«iri   h»   wvthi  t;<  i  ^  il»'   then 

locatt;<l  lit  .Viltiuiti,  \'\M.t'T  i:.ii,.iii,.  <f\<\  r,iig«^o<l 

in  «  large  {.'■MU'rii   pfHftii^**  nnd  ii .Ki|iir,(»l  w.iik, 

wht  rn  he  becHtne  wiiioly  km;'vn  ami   ;<)iim'»i   mi 

;•■ .  ;»■  !<■  r,  i.jti.itiori   for   ill''    profti»»i'>iml    <-V'\\'\. 

w.iri  electwi    State  yosist.ir    from 

»•     V    -,  '  two  t«nu*witli  iii>niif 

';»  <r»n>p  ii-  fVtiaoi), 

. ;  •     !    »w  Ht 

i«tlkl>fii-,  •■''    * 

largo  Vii  '■;'" 

of  the  cKUfd  ; 

the  Connty  *..■.■■■■ 

private  lioai; 

wa«  he  in  llif  m  ■ 

that    tlif  i^u*!; 

titrm,  itiiMitt  : 

!.•; 

IK-.. 

tOi.  ' 


.     iii>iiUl    |K»wnr-   liucHiiin  ih>ruiigu(l    wiih  h 

;.  '1  whifh  ittfoin^ly  iip|K'iiK' '    to  hi.-i   kimiiy 

•     .   .|  \,»  oi»riU'i»ily  liovoti'il  thi'  licMt   yours 

'.    !•!  th«  vviCK.      Duriiit;  thu  twenty 

'l»l»l    hn   liH'l    eliiirjre    of  tliu    ()rei;ipii 

'■•'»'!•' lft>.-i"n,  it  iieciiiiie  widely  kiiDWii 

e  of  till'  lieKt  iimtitiitiiiiiri 

!U(1  Stiittv-i.     'riioii^li    Dr. 

.';  >   protieietit   ill  every  ilu- 

■lion,  he    will  alwiiya   ho 

')y   the    roeortl    ho  miido 

•  :isei(    of  the   iiiiiid.      lli.i 

i    '!■  [dace  him  aiiioiij^  the  few 

.    t'-n  iiHii>''ial  renown    in   tiie  treat- 

..    il>.  anil  ihe  curative   ratu  of  his 

'»t.t.l>itiiii  was  eoiitii.l-red  e(|HHl  to  that   of  any 

KttnOAr  MtaltlirtliMieiU  in  the  United  Stateu. 

\)v  Uawtliornt!  took  an  active  interest  in 
jfiihhc  4tfttirs.  jiiid  hirt  jnd^nicnt  and  hiiMiiiess 
Mtflntiity  wcfu  rartdy  «f  aiilt  in  private  iinder- 
taiiiiiC*  tir  pnlilie  unr.  I'prines.  I'olitiRally,  he 
-Hh*  uriuiinully  u  Wlii;^',  jut  after  the  overthrow 
ol  thixt.  party  he  heeaiiif  a  Democrat,  lie  wan 
llriii  ill  hiri  eoiivi";»ioiH,  bnt  far  removed  from 
«»rru»v  jwtrty  bigotry.  Che  respect  his  honesty 
'>f  ch«ract«M-  cominHntiud  inado  him  stroni^ 
fr»«>n<l»  iti  ll»«»  t»e»t  elomi-nt  of  both  parties,  and 
tjfi  w;ii'  I'etAinnd  in  office  for  many  yeart*  when 
Ihu  State  >vim  iiti')e?  Jii.i|iiil)lican  rule.  lit-  de- 
clinwl  all  nui;'_»e.-«tioii»i  of  ijecomiiifj  a  candidate 
f'jr  liiijh  pnlilie.  i^tatioii-,  iB  heiiij.;  devoted  to  his 
protWioii.  outt-ide  of  the  laurels  to  he  {gained 
therein,  he  had  no  amliition.  Dr.  Hawthorne 
Was  a  inaiiof  inipre»»*ive  jiresonce,  and  tn  a  cer- 
tain reserve  lud  dip;iiity  nf  manner  were  united 
40(^iul  i(t«6litli>i<  and  pMiorons  irnpulH<!s,  which 
crpftted  the  warmei»t  frifndahips. 

lie  wiisa  tJhrixtian  as  the  result  of  the   most 

df^MU^MiU;  convictions,  itvi!  for  many  years   was 

•1  r-inststfu  iiiember  -if  ti.e  Episcopal  Churcli. 

•Iif'.i    Ri    t\\f^    auiiimit    of    usefulness,    iini- 


TllUll- 

Th, 


■     lii    .4K'U'.<),i-    ITlv 

11      T'hiii  contrttct 

!.;i«wed    by  the  ."ilnle 

;    .lenth,  Kebrnary  15, 

.  I  .•liarj^e  as  Snperin- 

ihf  luiforttiuute  wards 

time*  of  hii?  death 

,'.   "'Siiiition  of  those 


.il'  ■.■     !•  rrnt  i»'.^ 


las  left  tlie  moinory 
ous  man,  {jjifted  with 
was  eminently  useful 
way  worthy  of  emu- 


:rtt-i 


!■ 


2  married.      His  first 
wifo.  .ii  "     •    ■  1  niece  of  Congress- 

man K-  y.y  .  ;.a,  died  in  Portland, 

in  lS*il\  w   ■.ti-j'kiJ    followini;;  her   mar- 

ria((«.  li..  .■ .  i.  urrifid  to  his  second  wife,  in 
180;.>.  fv<riiiiviy  Mrs.  E.  (!.  ilite,  of  Sacramento, 
OR''  f  'Vllfcnia's  favi-  ■  ,  pioneer  dauj^hters, 
T«"  i.!»«(jhter>t,  l.oni-  nd  Catharine,  ha?e 


»»• 


i!f 


I 


ir^lf 


i.^-/'i 


n- 


■^.i.-v-^^W^- 


v-t 


I 


HISTORY    OF    OHKOON. 


401 


k 


The  iiiirriage  of  our  subject  took  place  in 
1867,  to  Miss  Misliey  Duncan,  a  native  or  Mis- 
souri and  a  daughter  of  Frederick  Duncan.  One 
littlL.  daughter,  Grace,  born  in  1879,  came  to 
tliem.  ()ur  subject  occupies  a  very  enviable 
position  in  the  county  of   Union. 


fll.  J.  C.  HAWTHORNE  was  born  in 
Mercer  county,  Pennsylvania.  March  12, 
ISl'J,  and  was  a  son  ot  James  and  Mary 
(Donald)  Hawthorne,  who  were  of  Euglisli 
descent.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  but  an  intel- 
lectual, cultivated  man,  and  a  graduate  of  Wash- 
ington College,  Pennsylvania.  The  boyhood  of 
young  Hawthorne  was  passed  in  his  native 
county,  \/here  his  rudimentary  education  was 
received,  and  where  he  prepared  for  college. 
He  commenced  the  study  of  medicine  under 
Dr.  Bascom,  of  Mercer,  Pennsylvania,  and 
after  a  brief  course  under  his  direction  entered 
the  Medical  University  at  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
from  which  institution  he  subsequently  grad- 
uated. 

He  commenced  practice  in  Louisville,  with 
his  cuusin.  Dr.  Hawthorne,  continuing  until 
1850,  when  he  went  to  California.  He  then 
locatud  at  Auburn,  Placer  county,  and  engaged 
in  a  large  general  practice  and  ho6,)ital  work, 
where  he  became  widely  known  and  gained  an 
enviable  reputation  for  his  professional  skill. 
h\  1854  he  was  elected  State  Senator  from 
Placer  county,  and  served  two  terms  with  honor 
and  distinction.  In  1857  he  came  to  Portland, 
and  witli  the  reputation  already  attained,  he  at 
oncfc  entered  into  a  position  of  prominence 
among  the  medical  men,  and  soon  acquired  a 
large  private  practice.  In  1858  he  took  charge 
of  the  county  hospital  under  a  contract  from 
the  County  Court,  subsequently  establishing  a 
private  hospital  for  the  insane.  So  successful 
was  he  in  tlie  management  of  tliis  institution, 
that  the  State,  during  Governor  Whitaker's 
term,  made  a  contract  with  him  to  assume  the 
care  of  the  insane  of  the  State.  This  contract 
was  from  time  to  time  renewed  by  the  State 
Legislature,  and  until  his  death,  February  15, 
1881,  Dr.  Hawthorne  had  charge  as  Suporin- 
ti>ndent  and  I'hysician  of  the  unfortunate  wards 
of  the  State,  which  at  the  tii/\o  of  his  death 
numbered  some  500  inmates. 
The  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  those 
aea 


whose  mental  powers  became  deriinged  was  a 
subject  which  strongly  api)e:iled  to  his  kindly 
nature,  and  lie  earnestly  devoted  the  best  years 
of  his  life  to  the  work.  During  the  twenty- 
one  yeai-s  that  he  had  cliarge  of  the  Oregon 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  it  became  widely  known 
and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  institutions 
of  its  kind  in  the  United  States.  Tliough  Dr. 
Hawthorne  was  higlily  proticient  in  every  de- 
partment of  his  profession,  he  will  always  be 
most  highly  honored  by  the  record  lie  made 
as  authority  upon  diseases  of  the  mind.  His 
work  in  this  direction  place  him  among  the  few 
who  have  gained  national  renown  in  the  treat- 
ment of  insanity,  and  the  curative  rate  of  his 
institution  was  considered  equal  to  that  of  any 
similar  eatablishment  in  the  United  States. 

Dr.  Hawthorne  took  an  active  interest  in 
public  affairs,  and  his  judgment  and  business 
sagacity  were  rarely  at  fault  in  private  under- 
takings or  pul)lic  enterprises.  Politically,  he 
was  originally  a  Whig,  but  after  the  overthrow 
of  that  party  he  became  a  Democrat.  He  was 
firm  in  his  convictions,  but  far  removed  from 
narrow  party  bigotry.  The  respect  his  honesty 
of  character  commanded  made  him  strong 
friends  in  the  besi  element  of  both  parties,  and 
he  was  retained  in  otHce  for  many  years  when 
the  State  was  under  Republican  rule.  He  de- 
cliiiOil  all  suggestions  of  becoming  a  candidate 
for  high  public  stations,  as  being  devoted  to  his 
profession,  outside  of  the  laurels  to  be  gained 
therein,  he  had  no  ambition.  Dr.  Hawthorne 
was  a  man  of  impressive  presence,  and  to  a  cer- 
tain reserve  and  dignity  of  manner  were  united 
social  qualities  and  generous  impulses,  which 
created  the  warmest  friendships. 

He  was  a  Christian  as  the  result  of  the  most 
deliberate  convictions,  and  for  many  years  was 
a  consistent  membe''  of  the  Episcopal  Church. 
He  died  at  the  summit  of  usefulness,  uni- 
versally regretted,  and  he  lias  left  the  memory 
of  a  broad-minded,  courageous  man,  gifted  with 
great  talents,  whose  career  was  eminently  useful 
to  his  fellows,  and  in  every  way  worthy  of  emu- 
lation. 

Dr.  Hawthorne  was  twice  married.  His  first 
wife,  Miss  Emma  Curry,  a  niece  of  Congress- 
man. Kelly,  of  Pennsylvania,  died 'in  Portland, 
in  1862,  but  a  few  weeks  following  her  mar- 
riage. He  was  married  to  his  second  wife,  in 
18t)5,  formerly  Mrs.  E.  C.  Ilite,  of  Sacramento, 
one  of  California's  favorite,  pioneer  daughters. 
Two  daughters,  Louise  H.  and  Catharine,  have 


ill 


U  >   >^ 


I  : 


K  I:. 


463 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


Ikmm)  l)orn  to  tliiH  union,  ami  tliey,  witli  tlieir 
niDtlier.still  survive.  Tlieyare  j)08si'68ors  of  liirge 
reiii  estate  interests  in  Portland,  have  a  delijiht- 
till  home  on  tlie  "east  side,"  and  are  high- 
ly esteemed  I>y  the  community,  enjoying  the 
warmest  friendship  of  neighbors  and  associates. 

U.  J.  W.  IIOIUNSON  is  among  the 
prominent  memlHjrs  of  tiie  medical  pro- 
fession of  Bonthern  Oregon,  and  none  more 
worthy  of  mention  than  the  gentleman  with 
whose  name  we  introduce  this  sketch.  Dr. 
Kohinson  is  a  native  of  Washington  county, 
(Jrej'ou,  born  November  12, 1850.  His  parents 
were  Nather  and  Mary  (Darlond)  Robinson,  t)oth 
of  whom  were  natives  of  Ohio.  The  former 
emigrated  to  Oregon  in  1847,  where  he  engaged 
in  farming  for  many  years,  but  toward  the  lat- 
ter years  of  his  life  he  hn.s  been  prominently 
identified  Vi%  a  real-estate  dealer  in  the  business 
circles  of  the  city  of  Portland. 

Our  subject  was  the  fourth  child  in  a  family 
of  tive  children,  lie  was  reared  in  Multnomah 
county.  He  attended  the  Portland  Academy 
and  completed  his  studies  in  1870.  He  began 
reading  medicine  at  Salem.  His  preceptors 
were  Drs.  Hall  and  Reynolds,  two  eminent  prac- 
titioner* of  that  city.  He  graduated  in  the 
medical  department  of  the  Willamette  Univer- 
sity in  1877,  and  the  following  year  he  removed 
to  .(aeksonville,  sni)8equently  going  to  New 
York,  where  he  graduated  in  medicine  and  sur- 
gery. On  his  return  to  Jacksonville  he  estal)- 
lished  himself  in  the  drug  business,  and  now 
carried  a  full  supi)ly  of  drugs,  toilet  articles, 
including  stationery.  In  addition  to  the  drug 
business  he  enjoys  a  lucrative  city  practice,  and 
is  veiy  popular  as  an  enterprising  and  progres- 
sive citizen.  He  was  elected  to  the  City  ''Coun- 
cil in  1888,  and  at  the  present  time.  1892,  is  the 
Mayor  of  the  city. 

He  was  married  at  Jacksonville,  May  17, 
1872.  to  Miss  Tillie  Miller,  of  Iowa.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  John  Miller,  who  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  i860.  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Robinson  are 
the  parents  of  three  children,  but  one  of  whom 
is  still  living,  deati;  having  robbed  them  of 
their  sou  and  daughter;  Willie,  died  October 
15,  and  I^cah  followed  on  the  twenty- tir.st  of  the 
same  month,  1800. 

In  political  matters  he  is  a  Republican, and  is 


a  member  of  Warren  Lodge,  No.  10,  A.  F.  & 
A.M.  Dr.  Robinson's  father  may  be  termed  a 
j)ioneer  of  the  pioneer.-*,  coming  to  Oregon  even 
before  the  early  emigrants  came  to  the  now 
famous  State  and  engaged  in  farming  pursuits 
in  the  Willamette  valley,  which  contained  but  a 
few  whites.  He  died  in  1880  and  his  wife  in 
1889. 


fASPER  J.  JOIINS(JN,  a  member  of  the 
Portland  bar,  and  a  native  sou  of  Oregon, 
was  born  near  I'ortland  on  July  6,  18t)2. 
His  father,  the  Hon.  Jacob  Johnson,  came  to 
Oregon  in  1846,  and  ia  a  native  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  Ijorn  Decemlwr  20,  1828.  They  are  of 
Swedish  ancestry,  who  settled  in  New  England 
early  in  the  history  of  the  country.  Since  then 
l)oth  English  and  German  ancestry  has  been 
added  to  the  family.  William  Johnson,  sub- 
ject's grandfather,  was  born  in  Maryland  and 
came  to  Oregon  with  his  son  in  1846.  He  was 
a  participant  in  the  early  Indian  wars  of  the 
State  of  Oregon,  and  was  a  brave  and  self-pos- 
sessed soldier  during  a  conflict. 

His  son  settled  on  land  six  miles  southeast  of 
Portland,  on  a  beautiful  creek  which  has  since 
iHjen  called  Johnson  creek.  Ho  built  a  saw- 
mill, then  the  lirst  in  the  country,  and  did  all 
the  work.  Later  he  read  law  in  the  city  of 
Portland,  and  was  for  some  time  in  the  practice 
of  law.  In  1874,  he  was  elected  on  the  inde- 
pendent Democratic  ticket  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature, which  place  he  filled  with  credit,  and  he 
has  been  repeatedly  nominated  by  his  party  for 
the  same  place,  he  being  one  of  their  strongest 
and  most  popular  men.  He  owned  a  donation 
claim,  where  he  built  his  mill,  which  he  after- 
ward sold.  He  then  purchased  320  acres  of  his 
father,  which  he  improved,  and  on  v?hich  he  has 
since  re8ide<l.  On  Jan\iary  1, 1859,  he  married 
Miss  Martha  Jane  Lee,  a  relation  of  General 
Rol)ert  E.  Lee,  as  well  as  of  (ieorge  Washiug- 
tan,  Her  lathe;-  crossed  the  plains  in  1852, 
bringing  his  daughttv  with  him. 

Our  subject  was  n3xt  to  the  oldest  of  nine 
children,  and  was  ro'.sed  on  his  father's  farm 
until  his  nineteenth  year,  since  which  time,  by 
his  energy  and  application,  he  has  gained  a  good 
education  anil  acquired  considerable  property. 
He  was  educated  at  the  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege at  C'orvallis.  He  read  law  with  Johnson  & 
Idleman,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  frune, 


I 


HISTORY    OF    OHBOON. 


468 


181)0.  Previous  to  stitdyinj;  law  he  was  priii- 
cipiil  of  some  of  the  ijest  schools  of  ^rultuomali, 
Washiiiirtoii  and  Yam  Hill  counties,  an(t  taught 
thi-eo  years  in  the  sciiool,  in  wiiicii  he  was  etiu- 
cateil.  lie  ivas  very  popular  among  all  pupils 
and  teachers  with  whom  he  was  associated,  and 
was  noted  for  his  success  in  all  «•  liools  to  tlie 
principalship  of  which  he  was  chosen.  Since 
taking  up  law  he  has  been  very  successful,  and 
is  noted  among  his  profession  as  a  lawyer  of 
energ}'  and  integrity. 

lie  was  married  October  16,  1886,  to  Miss 
Minnie  E.  Tyler,  of  Forest  Grove,  Orej^on, 
formerly  of  Michigan.  She  is  the  daughter  of 
Captain  A.  Tyler,  a  noted  officer  of  the  Union 
army  during  the  civil  war.  They  have  two 
children:  llattie  May  and  Alice  Martha. 

Mr.  Johnson  is  conservative  in  his  political 
opinion,  ami  is  careful  and  considerate  in  mak- 
ing; up  his  mind  what  course  to  pursue  in  all 
matters  under  hia  charge;  but  when  once  decided 
ho  adheres  strictly  to  his  own  judgment  and 
carries  out  his  intentions  with  such  8tea<lfast- 
ness  of  purpose  that  he  seldom  fails  to  attain 
tile  end  he  seeks  lie  is  a  gentleman  of  tine 
ability,  and  is  deserving  of  great  success. 


fUDGE  J.  A.  IK)WLBY,  ex-Judge  of  Clat- 
sop county,  was  born  in  New  York  city, 
in  1843.  Ilis  parents,  Wilson  tnd  Lydia 
B.  (Jones)  Bowlby,  were  natives  of  New  Jersey, 
but  subsequently  settled  in  New  York,  whore 
Mr.  Bowlby  followed  the  mercantile  trade.  In 
18-t4  they  removed  to  Cincinnati,  and  the  father 
engaged  in  the  study  of  medicine,  after  the 
Eclectic  system  and  commenced  practice  in 
Franklin  county,  Indiana,  continuing  until  1852. 
He  then  purchased  a  prairie  outfit,  and  with  the 
usual  experience  of  emigrant  travelers,  removed 
his  family  to  Oregon,  successfully  accomplishing 
the  toilsome  journey  after  about  bix  months  of 
travel.  Passing  the  winter  in  Portland,  in  the 
spring  of  1863  he  located  his  donation  claim 
south  of  Ilillshoro,  and  there  followed  farming 
and  his  profession  until  1860,  when  he  removed 
to  Forest  Grove  and  continued  in  the  practice, 
in  which  he  is  still  engaged,  although  aged 
seventy- four  years.  Helms  been  quite  promi- 
nent in  the  political  field,  and  has  represented 
his  party  several  times  in  the  State  Legislature 
and  served'  one  term  as  President  of  the  Senate. 


Our  subject  was  educatcid  at  Pacific  Univer- 
sity, at  Forest  Grove,  and  began  tlu!  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  Judge  W.  W.  I'pton,  of 
Portland.  In  1868  Mr.  Powll)y  came  to  As- 
toria and  accepted  the  position  of  Deputy  Col- 
lector of  ('ustoms  and  filled  that  |)osition  for 
six  years,  at  the  same  time  continuing  his  legal 
studies.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874 
and  commenced  practice  in  Astoria.  During 
the  same  year  he  was  elected  Judge  of  Clatsop 
county  and  held  the  office  continuously  for  eight 
years,  and  also  followed  an  active  practice  in  the 
higher  courts,  in  which  he  is  still  engaged.  He 
has  served  as  Cou'.cilman  of  the  city  of  Astoria 
and  for  ten  years  was  presiilent  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce. 

Judge  Bowlby  was  married,  in  Marion  county, 
Oregon,  in  1875,  to  Miss  Georgie  Brown, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Brown,  of  Gervais,  a  pio- 
neer of  1849.  Judge  and  Mrs.  Bowlby  have 
two  children,  namely;  Violet  E.  and  Hugh  II. 
Judge  Bowlby  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A. 
M.,  Blue  Lodge  and  Chapter;  I.  O.  O.  F.and  A. 
O.  U.  W.,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  building 
committee  of  the  Odd  Fellow  13uililing  Associa- 
tion and  of  the  Astoria  Building  anil  Loan 
Association.  He  was  instrumental  in  erecting 
the  first  brick  business  house  in  Astoria.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Astoria  Savings 
Bank,  incorporated  February,  1891,  and  was 
elected  vice-president,  which  office  he  still 
holds.  He  is  president  of  the  Astoria  Real 
Estate  Exchange,  established  in  1890.  Since 
1870  he  has  actively  promoted  any  suggested 
railroad  enterprise,'  and  by  words  of  counsel 
and  also  by  financial  assistance  has  furthered 
the  development  of  his  adopted  city. 


-=%•*< 


>*-*^ 


fALEB  GRAY,  who  ie  well  known  in  both 
commercial  and  agricultural  circles  in 
Linn  county,  was  born  in  ("lark  county, 
Indiana,  in  1819.  His  father,  William  Gray, 
was  born  upon  the  Atlantic  ocean,  while  his 
parents  were  making  a  voyage  from  Ireland  to 
America.  They  settled  in  South  Carolina, 
where  William  passed  his  boyhood  upo.i  a  farm. 
About  the  year  1815  he  emigrated  to  Indiana, 
and  in  1816  he  was  married  to  Isabelle  Ritchie, 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Settling  upon  a 
farm,  they  resided  in  Indiana  until  1830,  when 
they  removed  to  Peoria  county,  Illinois;  here 


464 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


Mr.  (iiLy  passed  the  closing  years  of  liis  life. 
Calt'l),  his  son,  remained  under  the  parental 
roof  until  he  had  attained  man's  estate;  he 
was  reared  to  agriciilt\iral  pursuits,  and  was 
well  trained  in  all  the  details  of  fanning  and 
stock-raising.  He  was  married  in  Peoria  county, 
Illinois,  in  1840,  to  Miss  Jane  T.  Smith,  and 
in  1852,  with  his  wife  and  two  children,  he 
started  to  the  Pacific  coast;  his  outfit  was  com- 
posed of  one  wagon  and  four  liorses,  and  the 
trip  was  accomplished  in  four  months.  To  the 
usual  hardships  of  travel  were  added  the  sadness 
of  sicknets  and  death;  one  child  died  and  was 
buried  upon  the  plains,  and  one  child  was  born 
to  them  upon  the  summit  of  the  iilue  mountains. 
They  crossed  the  Cascade  mountains  ))y  the  Har- 
low route,  and  arrived  at  Foster's  on  the  27th 
day  of  August. 

Continuing  the  journey  to  Linn  county,  Mr. 
Gray  located  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres,  two 
miles  west  of  the  present  town  of  Ilalsey;  he 
erected  a  log  cabin,  and  engaged  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  tiie  land.  His  wife  died  in  1875,  le-aviug 
two  children:  Martha  A.,  who  is  the  wife  of 
J.  C.  Crozier;  and  Albert  II.  In  1877  he  was 
married  a  second  time,  to  Mrs.  Frances  Ellen 
(Merrick)  Detweiler,  a  native  of  Fulton  county, 
Illinois.  They  resided  upon  the  ranch  until 
1888,  when  Mr.  Gray  rented  his  land  and  re 
moved  to  Ilalsey. 

lie  took  charge  of  a  drug  business  whidi  he 
had  established  in  1886.  His  experience  in 
this  ti'ade  dates  imck  to  his  boyhood,  when  he 
was  engaged  in  the  business  for  a  short  period. 
In  addition  to  the  claim  first  located,  he  owns 
1(50  acres  adjoining  and  a  iiumber  of  town  lots 
in  Ilalsey.  Of  his  last  marriage  have  been  born 
two  children:  Emma  D.  and   Mary  E. 

Mr.  (iray  is  the  ])ro]irietor  of  the  Ilalsey 
Weekly  New^^.  which  is  edited  by  his  adoj)ted 
eon,  Clarence  (i.  In  politicfe  he  is  n  Republi- 
can, and  with  the  exce|)tion  of  two  conventions 
has  attended  every  one  held  in  the  county  since 
1860;  he  has  also  been  present  at  several  State 
conventions.  Twice  he  was  the  nominee  of  his 
party  for  Representative  to  the  State  F.efjisla- 
ture.  lie  has  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  seventeen  years;  he  is  among  the  most 
active  and  enterprising  citizens  of  IFalsey,  and 
is  ever  ready,  with  labor,  influence  and  con- 
tribution, to  promote  the  ii'terests  of  iiis 
adopted  town. 


EN.  WILLIAM  KAPI'kS  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Prunswick,  Germany,  May  7, 
1835,  completing  his  education  in  the 
gymnasium  and  high  school  of  his  native  city, 
at  the  age  of  fifteen  years.  He  emigrated  to 
the  United  States  after  finishing  liis  school 
course,  and.  after  passing  a  short  time  in  New 
York,  he  proceeded  to  Janesville,  Wisconsin, 
remaining  there  until  March,  1853,  when  he 
came  to  Portland,  Oregon.  His  first  employ- 
ment was  in  the  office  of  Hon.  O.  C.  Pratt, 
formerly  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  ('ourt 
of  the  Territory.  Mr.  Kapns  engaged  in  the 
ordinary  office  work  and  in  reading  law.  Not 
being  particularly  fond  of  the  profession  of  law, 
he  left  his  employer  and  went  to  San  Francisco, 
California,  where  he  remained  about  one  year. 
In  the  latter  part  of  1856  he  returned  to  Port- 
land and  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits. 

In  1859  he  was  elected  Assessor  of  the  city 
of  Portland,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  service  he  was  apjxnnted  Olerk  in  the 
office  of  the  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  of 
Oregon  and  Washington  Territory,  which  jwsi- 
tion  he  held  until  1860,  when  ho  was  sent  as 
acting  Indian  Agent  to  the  Yakima  It)dian 
agency.  He  was  relieved  therefrom  in  July, 
1861,  by  a  regularly  appt)inted  agent.  Interests 
connected  with  the  Indian  service  took  him  to 
the  agencies  Ixjrdering  on  Puget  sound,  where 
lie  remained  until  November  following.  In 
Ueceml)er,  1861,  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Kepresentatives  of  Wasliington  Ter- 
ritory, and  at  the  adjonrriuient  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, January,  1862,  he  was  appointed  private 
secretary  to  the  acting  Governor  of  Washing- 
ton Territory. 

L)urin{;f  the  summer  of  1862  he  was  engaged 
in  raising  a  company  of  the  First  Washington 
Territory  Infantry,  called  for  by  the  Federal 
Government,  but  before  the  company  was  com- 
pleted he  was  mustered  into  service  as  First 
Lieutenant  of  Company  A  of  that  regiment. 
Shortly  after  joiniuf^  he  was  j)romoted  to  Regi- 
mental Adjutant,  and  in  this  capacity  he  served 
until  the  spring  of  1864,  when,  by  order  of  the 
Secretary  of  War  he  was  stationed  at  Portland, 
Oregon,  as  United  States  mnstering  and  dis- 
bursing officer  for  Oregon  and  Washington  Ter- 
ritory. He  was  honorably  mustered  out  of  the 
volunteer  service  July  24, 1865,  and  was  shortly 
appointed  in  the  I'egulur  service  as  Lieutenant 
of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry,  and  was  on  duty  in 
the  Territories  of  Montana  and  Utah.    In  May 


'^i 


HIsrOHY    OF    OHEQON. 


'4es 


»  L- 


1868,  he  was  appointed  Regimental  Adjutant, 
in  wliich  capacity  he  served  until  May  1,  1869, 
when  he  resigned  his  coiniuission  in  tlie  army 
to  accept  tile  appointment  of  Collector  of  Cus- 
toms for  the  district  of  Alaska,  he  having  been 
appointed  to  that  oflice  by  the  President.  At 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  as  Col- 
lector he  returned  to  Portland  and  became  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Oregon  Furniture  Manu- 
facturi'  ompany,  a  corporation  organized 
under  uue  laws  of  the  State,  which  lias  grown  to 
its  present  grand  proportions,  owning  large 
real-estate  interests  and  giving  employment  to 
a  hundred  skilled  workmen. 

in  1874  General  Kapus  was  elected  the  first 
secretary,  which  position  he  still  holds,  having 
been  continuously  re-elected  for  eighteen  con- 
secutive years,  in  May,  1883,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  of  Oregon  Brigadier- 
General  of  the  Oregon  State  Militia,  in  which 
position  he  aided  materially  in  reorganizing  the 
State  Militia  and  in  placing  it  upon  an  efficient 
footing.  In  November,  1888,  he  was  elected 
by  the  Republicans  of  Oregon  as  Presidential 
Elector,  and  at  the  meeting  of  the  Electors,  in 
January,  1889,  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the 
college.  As  a  fitting  recognition  of  his  years 
of  public  service,  General  Kapus  has  just  re- 
ceived the  appointment  as  United  States  Consul 
to  Sydney,  New  South  AVales,  and  expects  to 
enter  on  his  new  field  of  duty  ere  long. 

The  General  was  married  in  Portland,  May, 

1869,  to  Lizzie  C.  Middendorf,  native  of  the 
city  of  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  the  issue  of 
this  marriage  w(>8  five  children,  of  whom  three 
survive:  William  M.,  Minnie  C.  and  Harry  O. 

General  Kapus  has  been  Commander  of  the 
Coinmandery  of  the  State  of  Oregon  Militia, 
Loyal  Legion,  and  Past  Commander  of  Garfield 
Post,  G.  A.  R.  lie  has  always  taken  a  deep  in- 
terest in  the  affairs  of  the  State,  and  has  been  a 
very  efficient  and  active  member  of  the  old 
Board  of  Trade  and  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
of  the  city,  of  whic'a  latter  organization  he  has 
held  the  office  of  vice-president.  He  is  a  Mason 
of  high  standing,  and  at  present  is  vice-president 
of  the  Oregon  Pioneer  Association. 

It  is  little  wonder  that  the  State  of  Oregon 
has  grown  in  such  a  wonderful  a  manner,  as  it 
contains  men  like  the  above  who,  by  their 
wonderful  talents,  have  built  up  the  little, 
struggling  Territory  into  a  grand  and  wealthy 
commonwealth. 


fAMES  W.  WELCH,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
18i4:,  was  born  in  lilooiiiingtoii,  now  Mus- 
catine, Iowa,  iluly  7,  1842.  His  fatliur, 
James  Welch,  was  born  in  Clark  county,  Ken- 
tucky, on  February  16,  1810.  He  emigrated 
in  early  life  to  Roone  county,  Missouri,  where 
his  parents  died  when  he  was  about  six  years  of 
age,  leaving  him  and  two  younger  brothers  to 
be  bound  out  (as  was  the  custom  there)  to  a 
planter  till  he  was  about  sixteen  years  of  age, 
when  the  ill  treatment  became  unbearable,  and 
asserting  his  independence,  he  ran  away.  He 
then  served  his  time  at  the  trade  of  brick  and 
stone  mason.  Then  he  moved  to  Bloomingtou 
(now  Muscatine),  Iowa,  where  he  married  Miss 
Nancy  Dickerson,  and  lived  till  1843,  when  he 
started  for  Oregon  with  an  ox  team,  but  was 
stopped  at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  on  account  of 
Indian  difficulties  aliead.  He  remained  there 
until  April  4,  1844,  when  he  resumed  his  jour- 
ney to  Oregon,  and  arrived  at  Oregon  City  in 
October  of  the  same  year.  He  at  once  entered 
into  active  and  laborious  business,  lumbering 
and  contract  work  generally. 

In  the  autumn  of  1845  he  took  a  look  over 
the  then  extensive  Territory  of  Oregon.  In 
his  travels  he  met  John  M.  Shively,  of  whom 
he  purchased  the  undivided  one-half  of  the 
Shively  donation  land  claim,  upon  which  is 
established  the  midille  portion  of  Astoria,  and 
moved  to  this  place  with  his  family  in  the 
spring  of  1840,  his  being  the  first  white  family 
that  ever  settled  in  Astoria.  On  commencing 
the  erection  of  the  first  frame  house  ever  built 
in  Astoria,  on  the  block  of  land  where  his  wife 
now  resides,  the  Honorable  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany forbade  him  making  improvements,  as  they 
had  Shively  before,  claiming  the  ground  as 
British  soil;  but  Mr.  Welch,  relying  upon  his 
own  judgment,  the  rights  of  our  own  Govern- 
ment, and  of  American  citizens  to  possess,  use, 
improve  and  beautify  the  country,  ho  went  on 
with  his  improvements,  building  a  house  and 
occupying  the  same  without  further  molesta- 
tion. In  1853  he  built  another  house  on  the 
northeast  corner  of  the  same  block,  in  which  he 
resided  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Septem- 
ber 29,  1876,  being  in  his  sixty-first  year.  In 
1847  he  engaged  in  salmon  fishing  upon  the 
river,  and  was  an  active  participant  in  the 
mining  excitements  of  California  in  1849-'50. 
Ho  was  among  the  early  slierifl:8  of  Clatsop 
county,  and  a  stanch  supporter  of  the  laws  of 
the  Territory. 


!     ■ 


406 


IIISTOIIY     OF    OHKUON. 


)i\\. 


M 


James  W.AVeldi  was  (Mliicat(>(l  in  the  scliools 
(if  Oit'^oii,  witli  a  business  coiii'st)  at  Il'.'ulirs 
I'ligiiU'ss  College  at  San  Francisco.  In  180)2 
lie  went  to  the  Florence  mines  in  Idaho,  and 
later  to  Boise  liasin,  where  he  remained  until 
1804;  then  he  returned  to  Astoria  and  eniiaged 
in  packing  salmon,  catching  the  tish  in  seine 
and  gill  nets,  and  packing  in  barrels,  with  an 
average  unt]>nt  of  -lUO  to  (iOO  barrels  per  annum, 
which  he  continued  for  six  years.  In  1871  he 
went  to  Umatilla  and  engaged  in  the  stock 
business,  but  returned  to  Astoria  in  1872  and 
establiihed  the  pioneer  truck  and  dray  busi- 
ness with  horses,  the  work  being  formerly  done 
with  o.\en.  lie  also  engaged  in  catching  salmon 
for  the  canneries,  which  he  followed  until  1875, 
antl  then  ncceptcd  the  jwsition  of  Deputy  Col- 
lector of  Internal  Kevenue.  stationed  at  Walla 
Walla,  the  district  covering  all  of  eastern  Wash- 
ington. Upon  the  death  of  his  father  in  1877, 
our  subject  resigned  his  position  and  returned 
to  .\8toria,  as  one  of  the  administrators  of  the 
estate,  and  with  his  mother  and  W.  W.  Parker 
built  the  Welch  Hill  Water  Works,  to  supply 
the  city  of  Astoria.  In  1882  the  (^ilumbia 
Water  AVorks  were  started,  and  the  AVeleh  Hill 
AV'ater  Works  merged  therein,  of  which  Mr. 
Welch  continued  as  superintendent  until  1892, 
when  the  works  were  sold  to  the  Astoria  Water 
Commission. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  in  1808,  to  Miss 
Bertha  A.  Ilerron,  a  native  of  Marion  county, 
and  a  daughter  of  W.  J.  Ilerron.  a  pioneer  of 
1845.  Mrs.  Welch  deceased  in  February,  1883, 
leaving  threes  children:  (ieorge  F.,  Bertha  II. 
and  .lames  K.  Mr.  Welch  has  l)een  a  promi- 
nent builder  of  Astoria,  and  owns  quite  a  good 
deal  of  business  i)ropcrty,  and  is  now  engaged 
in  his  many  private  interests.  He  was  one  of 
the  early  marshals  of  Astoria,  aii<l  for  nine 
years  has  served  as  school  director.  He  was 
elected  to  the  City  Council  in  1887.  and  was 
re-elected  in  Is'JO,  and  is  now  president  of  the 
board.  In  18U0  he  was  one  of  the  Kepublican 
liepresentatives  from  ("latsoj)  county  to  the 
State  Legislature.  Socially  he  fraternizes  with 
the  1.  ().  O.  F..  and  as  Past  Master  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.  helped  to  organize  tlie  Gratul  Lodge  of 
the  State.  Mr.  Welch  enjoys  tlie  respect  of 
his  town's-people,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of 
the  most  enterprising  citizens  of  this  city  of 
Oregon. 


■  •»»■<!■<-■ /y« 


WOHN  P.  DICKINSON,  resident  of  Astoria, 
'^'  was  born  in  Caroline  county,  Virginia,  in 
1823.  His  parents,  Samuel  C.  and  Evelina 
(IVn<Uoton)  Dickinson,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State.  The  former  was  educated  to  the  medical 
profession  and  passed  his  life  in  Caroline  county, 
engaged  in  his  profession  and  agricultural  in- 
terests. 

John  P.  secured  his  academic  education  in 
Caroline  county,  continuing  the  scientific  ami 
legal  studies  in  the  William  and  Mary  College, 
where  he  subsequently  graduated.  lie  locateil 
in  Bowling  Green  and  commenced  the  practice 
of  law.  In  1848  he  removed  to  King  William 
Court  House  and  continued  in  practice  up  to 
1850,  when  Secretary  Stewart  appointed  him 
Clerk  of  the  Pension  office  at  Washington,  D. 
C.  Kemoving  to  that  city,  he  performed  the 
<luties  of  that  office  for  four  years,  when  he  en- 
gaged in  prosecuting  claims  Iwfore  the  several 
departments.  In  1858  he  bouglit  a  farm  near 
Washington  and  followed  farming  until  1861, 
when  he  moved  to  Goochland  county.  Virginia, 
and  continued  iu  the  tame  pursuit  until  18(54, 
when  he  entered  the  (jonfederate  army  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Iweturning  to 
his  far.n  he  followed  the  line  of  agricultural 
pursuits  until  1871,  wlieii  he  came  to  Portland, 
()regon.  Here  he  engaged  in  the  life  insurance 
business  and  continued  in  the  same  until  1880, 
when  he  came  to  Astoria  anil  engaged  as  book- 
keeper for  the  Astoria  Packing  Company,  jier- 
forming  the  duties  up  to  188(5.  He  was  then 
appointed  Deputy  County  Clerk,  by  C.  J. 
Trenchaid,  and  has  continued  in  that  onico  until 
the  present  time. 

He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Astoria 
Building  and  Loan  Association,  in  1887,  and 
tilled  the  office  of  president  for  five  years.  He 
built  his  residence  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  and 
Wall  streets,  in  1887,  and  owns  other  valuable 
property  about  the  city. 

He  was  married,  near  Bowling  (Treen,  in 
184(5,  to  Sally  T.  Wool  folk.  They  have  three 
children:  Helen  W.;  Louise  !'.,  wife  of  Dr. 
Alfred  Kinney;  and  Fanny  L.,  now  Mrs.  Bren- 
liam  Van  Dusen.  Tliey  are  highly  respected 
throughout  the  entire  city. 

fFNJAMIN  B  K  O  W  N,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent agriculturists  of  Marion  county,  re- 
sides near    the   town  of  Woodburn.     He 
was  born  in  York  county,  Pennsylvania,  in  1824, 


HISTORY    OF    OIWaON. 


467 


and  is  a  son  of  Matthias  and  Barbiira  (Lepart) 
lirown,  who.  were  also  natives  of  tlie  Keystone 
State.  In  1840  tiie  family  removed  to  Rush 
county,  Indiana,  and  there  the  parents  of  our 
subject  passed  the  remainder  of  their  lives. 
Denjainin  Brown  was  r'iared  to  the  occupation 
of  a  fanner,  and  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
he  started  out  in  life  and  went  to  St.  Joseph, 
Missouri,  where  he  learned  the  carpenters'  trade. 
He  also  gave  his  attention  to  agriculture  in  con- 
nection with  his  trade.  He  afterward  returned 
to  Rush  county,  Indiana,  and  was  married  there 
in  1845,  to  Miss  Mary  Hawkins.  He  then  set- 
tled in  Fountain  county,  but  soon  removed  to 
Clark  county,  Missouri,  where  he  farmed  and 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1860.  In  that  year 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  Orejfon,  and  after  an 
uneventful  journey,  consuming  five  months,  he 
arrived  in  Marion  county.  Locating  near  the 
present  site  of  Woodburn,  he  purchased  440 
acres  of  land,  and  460  acres  in  other  parts  of  the 
county.  He  engaged  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising,  and  met  with  most  gratifying  results. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  have  reared  a  family  of 
thirteen  children,  five  sons  and  eight  daughters. 
Death  has  never  entered  the  circle,  and  all  the 
children  are  married  and  settled  in  life.  The 
de.scendants  number  sixty  grandchildren  and 
fifteen  great-grandchildren. 

With  the  founding  of  Woodburn,  Mr.  Brown 
began  selling  lands  in  small  tracts,  and  has  also 
made  several  additions  to  the  town  for  resi- 
dences. He  has  by  gift  and  financial  assistance 
aided  each  of  his  sons  in  securing  tine  farms, 
and  all  are  prosperous  and  useful  cit/.ens.  In 
this  way  he  has  reduced  liis  landed  estate  to  325 
acres,  which  tract  is  in  the  home  farm  adjoining 
Woodl)urn.  Here  he  erected  a  spacious  resi- 
dence in  1880,  and  having  retired  from  the 
laborious  duties  of  farm  life,  is  enjoying  the 
fruits  of  his  industry.  He  has  never  beer  an 
aspirant  for  political  honors,  but  has  given  his 
closest  attention  to  his  private  interests.  He 
has  aided  very  materially  in  the  development 
and  growth  of  Woodburn,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
highly  esteemed  citizens  of  this  community. 

^-^--^^ 


fl.  DUNBAR,  Recorder  of  Clatsop  county, 
was  born  npon  the  Atlantic  ocean  in  1860. 
»  His  parents.   Captain  William    M.    and 
Ellen  A.  (Berry)  Dunbar,  were  natives  of  Cape 


Cod,  Massachusetts,  and  descended  from  Puri- 
tan stock.  William  M.  and  his  father  were 
seafaring  men,  as  were  the  ancestors  of  Mrs. 
Dunbar.  The  Captain  was  interested  in  vessel 
trading  between  the  West  Indies  and  the  United 
States,  and  he  was  among  the  first  to  carry  ice 
to  Bombay,  which  in  those  early  days  became 
quite  an  industry.  He  followed  the  sea  through 
life  and  died  in  port  at  Antwerp,  where  his 
body  still  lies. 

()ur  subject  passed  his  life  upon  the  sea  until 
he  was  eight  years  of  age.  His  mother  then 
settled  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  and  he  was  per- 
mitted to  attend  the  public  schools  until  he  was 
fourteen  years  of  age,  when  his  business  life  l)e- 
gan  as  an  ofttce  boy  in  the  hardware  store  of 
George  W.  Bruce,  a  prominent  importer  of 
New  York  city.  Young  Dunbar  remained  in 
his  employ  for  eight  years  and  received  a 
thorough  business  education. 

In  1882  he  came  to  Astoria,  Oregon,  to  join 
his  mother,  who  had  preceded  him  for  a  change 
of  climate.  He  found  employment  as  clerk  and 
bookkeeper  in  the  grocery  store  of  A.  V.  Allen, 
and  remained  with  him  until  1890,  when  Mr. 
Dunbar  resigned  to  take  up  the  duties  of  County 
Recorder,  he  having  been  elected  to  this  office 
by  the  Republican  party.  He  was  the  lirst 
candidate  elected  to  that  office,  it  having  been 
connected  with  the  office  of  County  Clerk,  here- 
tofore. Mr.  Dunbar  performed  the  duties  with 
such  credit  to  himself,  that  in  the  election  of 
1892  he  was  re-elected  by  a  largely  increased 
majority,  and  running  far  ahead  of  his  ticket. 

Mr.  Dunbar  was  married  in  Seattle,  in  1889, 
to  Lilian  C.  Crosby,  native  of  Astoria,  and 
daughter  yf  Alfred  Crosby,  pioneer  of  the  early 
fifties  and  connected  with  the  pilots  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river  bar. 

Mr.  Dunbar  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias.  He  built  his  residence  at  No.  312 
Eighth  street,  in  1890,  and  is  deeply  interested 
in  the  growth  and  development  of  his  adopted 
city. 


— Cj*^' 


-t»js- 


fEN,JAMIN  YOUNG,  one  of  the  enter- 
prising business  men  of  Astoria,  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Malnio,  Sweden,  in  1848. 
His  father  Bartlette  Young  was  a  colonel  in  the 
Swedish  army,  and  while  engaged  in  the  war  of 
Schleswig-PIolstein,  in  the  year  1848,  between 
the  Danes  and  Germans,  he  was  killed  in  active 
service  at  the  age  of  thirty-six  years. 


nn 


m 


468 


1II8T0UY    OP'    OtiKdON. 


BcnJHiniii  Voiing  received  a  fair  education  in 
the  public  hcIiooIb  of  Maliuo,  and  when  iifteen 
years  old  wasconiirnii'd  in  the  I>utheran  ('luircli. 
In  lSt)2  he  eniitcrated  to  t^uehec,  Canada,  where 
he  was  enj^aged  in  various  occupations,  sjjendinf^ 
his  leisure  time  in  night  schools  in  further  im- 
|)rovinii  his  education  in  the  commercial  line. 
In  18(')0  he  went  to  New  York  where  he  took 
passage  for  Mell)ourne,  Australia,  thence  to  the 
Ualarat  gold  mines,  working  there  for  one  year 
at  days  wages,  as  the  sections  were  all  locattd. 
In  18(iS  he  went  to  Singapore  l)ut  the  clinuite 
not  lieing  agreeahle  ho  siiaped  his  course  for 
San  Francisco;  (^<alifornia,  where  ho  landed 
Scptcnilier  7,  18(58.  The  four  years  ensuing  he 
was  engaged  n|ion  the  bays  and  rivers  in  a 
general  fieight  business,  realizing  hatulsoniely 
and  always  laying  i)y  sotnetiiing  for  a  rainy  day. 
Ill  1nT2  with  four  others  he  chartered  a  sciiooner 
for  five  months,  loaded  her  with  supplies  and 
proceeded  with  her  to  northern  Alaska  to  en- 
gage in  trade  with  the  natives.  The  cruise 
turned  out  very  favorably,  about  $10,001),  he- 
iiiti  reali/.od.  A[r.  Vounsi  was  married  in  187ii 
to  Miss  Cliristiai;a  Swanson,  a  native  of  Sweden, 
and  an  early  schoolmate.  Their  union  has  been 
blessed  with  three  girls  and  four  boys,  who  are 
now  receiving  their  education  in  the  best  col- 
leircs  and  universities  in  the  State  of  Oregon. 

Learning  of  the  Salmon  fishing  in  the  Co- 
lumbia river  ho  removed  with  his  family  to 
Astoria  in  ls74,  and  engaged  immediately  in 
that  industry,  oliserving  carefully  the  principles 
of  the  secret  in  canning  and  packing  salmon,  as 
it  was  then  a  new  industry  and  known  to  but 
few.  In  1875  he  was  the  chief  promoter  in  or- 
ganizing the  Fishermen's  Packing  Company, 
which  was  composed  of  a  number  of  working- 
men  who  caught  their  own  salmon.  Notwith- 
standing the  fact  that  they  met  with  opposition 
from  other  packers  it  [jroved  a  grand  success  and 
their  brand  is  world  renowned. 

In  1878  Mr.  Young  also  aided  in  establishing 
the  Scandinavian  Packing  Company,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  §00.000,'  all  paid  up.  That 
company  also  proved  very  successful.  These 
canneries  are  located  in  the  city  of  Astoria. 

As  the  Salmon  market  was  well  stocked  in 
the  United  States,  Australia  and  Great  Britain, 
Mr.  Y'oung's  aim  was  now  to  introduce  it  into 
Canada,  but  this  could  not  be  done  without 
paying  an  enormous  duty  of  thirty-five  per 
cent.  So  Mr.  Young  proceeded  to  the  Fraser 
river,  British  Columbia,   where  he  located  and 


built  a  cannery,  called  tiie  British-American 
Packing  Company.  His  lirst  pack  in  1881  was 
20,000  eases,  for  which  he  found  a  ready  market 
in  Montreal,  Toronto,  and  other  large  Canadian 
cities.  As  the  demand  for  canned  salmon  in 
Canada  was  greater  tlian  the  one  cannery  could 
supply  Mr.  Young  went  fartlier  north  and  built 
another  cannery  on  the  Skeciia  river  as  a  branch 
cannery  of  the  one  on  the  Fraser.  About  this 
time  the  .salmon  industry  had  worked  its  way  as 
far  north  as  Alaska.  It  having  been  known 
that  it  was  a  great  country  for  salmon  Mr. 
Young  therefore  with  some  others  organized 
what  is  known  as  the  Alaska  Packing  (Jompany, 
wdiicli  was  located  on  the  Nusigak  river,  Ber- 
ing sea,  Bristol  i)ay,  North  Alaska,  about  4:00 
miles  south  of  the  Yukon  river.  It  was  rather 
a  difHcult  task  to  undertak(!,  as  there  was  no 
lumber  in  that  rcgioii,  it  being  all  prairie  land. 
So  the  company  wiuit  to  San  Francisco  where 
they  chartered  a  vessel  of  about  1,200  tons, 
which  they  loaded  with  everything  necessary  to 
construct  a  cannery,  taking  with  them  all  the 
labor  and  supplies,  which  was  for  ;J0,000  cases, 
forty  eight  one-pound  cans  in  each  case.  The 
whole  outfit  not  including  the  ship  costing 
§120,000.  The  e.xpedition  usually  leaves  the 
fifteenth  of  March  and  comes  back  the  latter 
part  of  September  every  year.  Tiiu  salmon  is 
nearly  e(iual  to  the  Chinook  and  finds  a  ready 
market  in  the  United  States,  the  United  King- 
dom and  Australia. 

Mr.  Young  is  interested  in  several  other  en- 
terprises, such  as  railroads  and  steamboats.  He 
was  the  chief  promoter  in  organizing  the  Astoria 
Savings  Bank,  which  will  in  a  few  years  be  one 
of  the  strongest  banks  in  the  city. 

Mr.  Young  sold  out  his  interests  in  tiie  sal- 
mon canneries  in  British  (Columbia  two  years 
ago  to  an  linglish  syndicate.  The  money  re- 
ceived for  the  same  has  been  placed  in  safe 
investments.  He  built  himself  an  elegant  resi- 
dence, from  which  a  splendid  view  of  the  city 
harbor  and  bay  may  be  obtaiiieil,  and  overlook- 
ing the  little  cabin  which  sheltered  him  during 
his  less  prosperous  days.  Ho  is  one  of  the 
developers  of  the  city.  He  has  a  nod  and  a 
smile  and  a  good  word  for  everybody,  whilst  his 
hearty  laugh  will  herald  his  apjiroach  long  be- 
fore he  appears  in  propria  persona.  Notwith- 
standing his  genial  manner  he  is  "business" 
from  head  to  foot,  and  having  followed  a  lixed 
])urpose  and  principle  is  the  recipient  of  a  well- 
merited  reward. 


uinroin'  OF  oheoon. 


40!) 


tAVMONJ)  iUiOTHEUS,  IlKNllY 
CllAI'MAN  ANh  CALVIN  AltlKL.  iir« 
wellktiown  citizens  and  proiiiiiient  busi- 
ness men  of  (-iaston,  Oregon,  liavinff  descendeJ 
from  the  old  Puritans  of  MassacliiiHctts  and 
Connecticut.  They  have  a  continuous  record 
tiiiit  dates  hack  to  lliiK),  wlien  tlieir  forefatlier, 
Iviciiard  liayinond,  was  found  living  at  Salem, 
Alassacliusetts.  In  ir)t)2  he  removed  with  liis 
tainily  to  Norwalk,  Connecticut,  wiiere  many  of 
the  descendants  still  reside.  Aiiout  1770  they 
hegan  to  emigrate  westward  until  nearly  every 
State  in  the  l^nion  and  Canada  are  re|>rtsente(l, 
by  over  500  families  on  record,  who  look  back 
to  the  olil  pioneer  ancestor  Richard  liaymond, 
with  pride. 

While  most  of  the  Raymonds  have  occupied 
the  mediocre  of  life,  some  have  occupied  promi- 
nent places  in  society.  Henry.).  Raymond  was 
first  assistant  editor  of  the  New  York  Tribune 
under  Horace  Greeley,  an<l  later  the  founder  of 
the  New  York  Times.  While  tilling  this  posi- 
tion he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  was  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  New  York.  Also  Miner 
Raymond,  who  was  for  several  years  president 
of  the  Evanston  (Illinois)  College,  and  a  promi- 
nent writer  on  theology. 

Ebenezer  Raymond,  the  father  of  our  subjects, 
was  born  in  Kent,  Litchfield,  county,  Connecti- 
cut, March  4,  1789.  and  when  three  years  old 
left  with  his  parents  his  native  home  and  settled 
in  Sherburne,  Chenango  county,  New  York, 
until  1818,  when  he  graduated  with  honor  at 
Union  College  and  Theological  Seminary  of 
New  York.  On  the  -Ith  day  of  March,  1818, 
he  married  Miss  Lydia,  daughter  of  William 
Chapman,  of  Tolland  county,  Connecticut,  born 
September  23,  1796,  and  at  the  time  of  her 
marriage  living  with  her  brother,  Rev.  Henry 
Chapman,  Congregational  preacher  at  Ilartwick, 
New  York,  llie  union  was  blessed  with  eight 
children,  four  sons  and  four  daughters,  of  whom 
Henry  was  the  fourth  antl  Calvin  the  eighth 
child.  In  1859,  they  moved  from  Elgin,  Illi- 
nois, to  Forest  Grove,  and  January  31,  1803, 
he  fell  asleep,  and  in  about  six  months  his  wife 
followed,  leaving  many  friends  to  mourn  their 
_  loss. 

Henry  C.  Raymond  was  born  at  Victor,  On- 
tario county,  New  York,  August  24,  1825.  On 
the  0th  day  of  April,  1852,  he  left  the  parental 
roof  near  Elgin,  Illinois,  and  coursed  his  way 
in  company  with  S.  Blank  and  family  across 
the   plains    westward,  he    arriving   at    Forest 


Grove,   Oregon,   October   10th,  3  o'clock  i'.  m., 
being  si,\  months  and  four  days  on  the  way. 

The  first  three  years  was  spent  in  dairy  and 
farming  upon  the  A.  T.  Smith  farm,  living  with 
his  uncle  and  aunt  Smith;  in  the  fall  of  1850 
bo  engaged  in  tlie  nursery  and  orehartling  busi- 
ness for  two  years. 

lie  then  visited  his  former  home  in  iClgin, 
Illinois,  for  one  year,  when  he  made  arrange- 
ments for  the  family  to  follow  him  to  Oregon 
and  returned,  living  with  his  uncle  Smith  two 
years;  then  teaching  school,  speculating  in  real 
estate,    buying  and  selling  on  his  own  account. 

In  1877  he  engaged  in  general  merchandis- 
ing at  Gaston,  and  in  1878  entered  into  part- 
nership with  his  brother  (Calvin,  which  still 
continues.  They  own  their  dwelling,  store 
building,  warehouse,  and  two  farms  of  435  acres, 
and  are  doing  a  large  and  prosperous  business. 

Henry  C.  Raymond  holds  a  meinbershij)  with 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry,  having  i)assed  the 
Master's  chair,  and  now  is  Deputy  Master  of 
Washington  county;  also  an  Odd  Fellow,  hav- 
ing connected  himself  on  the  12th  day  of  Sep- 
tember, 1872,  passing  the  Noble  Grand's  chair, 
in  1875,  was  appointed  District  Deputy,  and  is 
now  Grand  Cliaplain  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of 
Oregon;  also  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
Church  since  he  was  fifteen  years  old,  and  is 
now  Deacon  of  the  church  to  which  he  belongs. 
He  is  an  active  worker  in  Sunday-schools,  and 
is  now  President  of  the  Washington  County 
Union  Sunday-school  Association. 

Calvin  A.  Raymond,  the  junior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Raymond  Brotliers,  was  born  in 
Eric  county,  New  York,  February  22,  1838; 
was  reared  to  manhood  in  New  York  and  Illi- 
nois; and  was  sent  regularly  to  the  common 
schools,  but  is  largely  a  self-made  man.  Ho 
came  to  Oregon  in  1801,  and  was  nnirried  at 
Forest  Grove,  Oregon,  in  1803,  to  Miss  Susan 
L.  Tanner,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  a  daughter 
of  Elisha  Tanner,  an  Oregon  pioneer.  There 
was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond,  one  son, 
Fred  E.,  now,a  resident  of  P'orest  Grove.  This 
wife  died  in  1808,  and  Mr.  Raymond  was  again 
married,  in  1885,  to  Miss  IdaJ.  McMonies,  who 
has  given  her  husband  two  children, — Willis 
Glenn  and  Clyde  Chapman.  In  the  early  part 
of  his  career  Mr.  Raymond  was  engaged  in  cabi- 
net-making, but  upon  the  death  of  his  first  wife 
he  traveled  for  some  time;  but  in  1877  he  came 
to  Gaston,  and  became  a  partner  in  business 
with  his  brother,  Henry  C.  Raymond,  and  has 


470 


HISTORY    OF    ORKOON. 


f  I 


been  with  him  evor  wince.  Calvin  A.  and  iii» 
wife  are  Conj^regatiotialiets,  and  are  deeply  in- 
terested in  its  iirosperity.  lie,  like  ids  brother, 
is  H  Uepnblican,  and  very  expressed  in  his 
opinions,  but  beinj;  a  man  of  l)roail  gauge,  he 
does  not  think  the  less  of  a  man  because  lie 
chances  to  differ  with  him.  The  brothers  are 
excellent  business  men.  aecommodatini^,  just 
and  upright  in  their  dealings,  and  enjoy  the 
entire  confidence  of  the  business  community. 


'■€(ic"ii'?-'' 


tHWIS  MAUION  PAUUISH,  a  pioneer  of 
Oregon  and  a  reliable  business  man  of 
Tortland,  was  born  in  Sylvia  county,  Vir- 
ginia. June  21.  1830.  His  father,  Abram 
Childers  I'arrish,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  of 
English  extraction,  and  was  a  sohlier  of  the  war 
of  1812.  He  married  Annie  ['arsons,  of  Vir- 
ginia. Her  people  were  equally  early  settlers 
and  participated  in  the  war  for  independence. 
Mr.  Parrish,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  one 
of  a  family  of  seven  children,  of  whom  only 
three  are  now  living.  In  1832  the  family  re- 
moved to  Montgomery  county,  Missouri,  and  he 
was  raised  there  on  a  farm.  In  1852,  in  April, 
lie  started  on  the  ptrilous  journey  across  the 
plains.  On  the  journey  several  of  the  company 
died,  and  they  met  with  the  usual  incidents 
with  which  the  emijirants  were  beset  on  their 
journey-  When  they  arrived  at  Snake  river 
they  constructed  a  ferry-boat  by  fastening  their 
wagon  boxes  together,  and  then  ran  a  ferry 
three  weeks.  With  this  ferry  they  floated  down 
Snake  river  from  below  Salmon  Falls  to  Fort 
Hall,  they  there  abandoned  the  boat,  bought 
two  horses,  packed  them  and  came  on  foot. 
They  took  passage  for  Portland  at  the  (Cascades 
on  a  little  boat  called  the  J.  S.  P.  Flint.  They 
arrived  at  Portland  at  one  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing. October  19,  1852.  Mr.  Parrish  had  just 
twenty-five  cents  left,  with  which  he  purchased 
a  loaf  of  bread  and  a  piece  of  butter,  on  which 
he  and  his  cousin  made  their  breakfast.  They 
then  started  out  in  search  of  a  job,  and  as  they 
walked  along  the  bank  of  the  beautiful  Willam- 
ette river,  a  man  met  them  and  asked  them  if 
they  wanted  work,  and  they  replied  in  the 
affirmative.  lie  gave  them  a  second  breakfast, 
of  which  they  partook  freely,  notwithstanding 
they  had  eaten  the  loaf  a  short  time  before. 
They  worked  for   him   three  days   rolling  saw- 


logs  into  the  river,  for  which  thoy  were  paid 
SJ3.5()  per  day,  and  they  starteil  off  feeling  rich. 
Mr.  Parrish  was  next  employed  by  Thomas 
Stephens  on  his  farm,  at  #00  per  month.  He 
continued  at  this  for  about  two  years.  He  then 
took  up  a  donation  claim  of  1(50  acres  of  land, 
four  and  one-half  miles  from  Portland.  He 
built  a  cabin  on  it  and  made  it  his  home  for 
several  years.  In  1855  he  eidisted  in  Oimpany 
E,  Vam  Hill  County  Volunteers,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  fighting  tlu^  \  akima  Indians  from 
October  until  the  following  May.  Upon  his 
return  to  Portland  in  1856,  he  worked  at  a  door 
and  sash  manufactory,  and  at  tlio  same  time  he 
was  hired  by  some  of  the  business  men  of  Port- 
land as  watchman,  and  was  a  Deputy  Marshal 
under  Samuel  Ilalcam,  First  Marshal  of  Port- 
land, so  that  he  had  'authority  to  make  arrests. 
For  a  time  ho  work(*d  in  the  day  time  and 
watched  at  night.  In  1857  he  worked  some  at 
the  carpenter  trade  and  helped  finish  off  a  brick 
building,  the  thi  d  lirick  structure  erected  in 
Portland.  After  this  he  was  in  the  fuel  and 
transfer  business;  then  he  went  to  the  Orapino 
mines  and  was  engaged  in  placer  mining,  but 
he  returned  in  October  no  richer  than  h()  had 
gone.  lie  had  charge  for  a  time  of  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  Daily  Oregonian,  and  at 
that  time  the  city  list  of  subscribers  was  172. 
In  March,  1863,  Mr.  Parrish  opened  the  first 
real-estate  office  in  the  city,  and  during  the 
time  alluded  to  he  has  handled  a  great  deal  of 
real  estate  in  the  city,  and  has  valuable  city 
property  for  sale.  He  has  a  large  and  lucrative 
business.  He  has  built  a  residence  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Thirteenth  and  Mill  streets,  where  he 
resides  with  his  family. 

He  was  married  in  February,  1859,  to  Sarah 
Jane  Watkins,  of  New  York,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1852,  and  she  was  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  Charles  Watkins.  They  resided  at  the 
Cascades  in  the  winter  of  1855  and  1856,  and 
were  in  the  massacre  by  the  Indians.  There 
her  father  and  brother  were  both  killed,  while 
she  and  her  mother  sought  refuge  in  a  store 
and  escaped  with  their  lives.  The  building  in 
which  they  sought  refuge  being  set  on  tire  three 
times  by  the  Indians,  they  were  nearly  among_ 
the  victims.  Mr.  Watkins'  arm  was  broken  by 
a  shot,  but  he  succeeded  in  hiding  from  the  In- 
dians, but  exposure  in  the  open  air  with  his 
broken  arm  caused  his  death.  The  mother  and 
children,  with  others,  were  besieged  three  days 
and    nights    before   they  were    rescued.     Mrs. 


IlfHTOJir    Of-'    OUKdO.V. 


471 


I'nrrieli'g  Imlt'  brotlipr  was  on  board  the  little 
stfiiiiicr  Miiry  Hell,  'j'lit^  IndiiiiiH  slidt  tlio  ciip- 
tiiiii  of  till!  liout  mid  her  hrothor  fihot  the  tiret 
Indiun,  mid  the  boat  was  hlioved  out  into  the 
river,  and  by  iisiiij^  kindling  and  grease  they 
got  np  fire  aiicl  Hteam  enough  to  keep  the  boat 
troin  going  over  the  riipidw.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
I'arrisli  iiave  had  tive  children,  all  born  in 
I'ortland  and  all  living,  namely:  Annie  Jessie, 
the  eldest  daughter,  is  the  wife  of  Franklin  J. 
Fuller.  The  other  children  are:  Loren  C, 
(teorge  I..;  Mary  Alica,  who  is  a  teacher  in  the 
I'ortland  school;  and  liily  May. 

Mr.  I'arrisli  was  for  twenty-six  years  a  inoni- 
berof  tlu^  First  Congregational  Church,  and  was 
a  Deacon.  lie  was  an  active  worker  in  the 
Snnday-school  and  mission  work.  lie  is  now  a 
member  and  Elder  of  the  Calvary  Presbyterian 
Church,  lie  is  a  Uepiibliean  in  politics,  a 
strong  temperance  man,  and  was  for  six  years 
Clerk  of  School  District  No.  1.  lie  is  a  mem- 
ber of  A.  ().  U.  W.  He  is  a  worthy  and  re- 
liable citizen  of  I'ortland,  and  has  the  confidence 
and  good  will  of  a  wide  circle  of  friends. 


§1UAM  TERWILLIGEU,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1845,  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio,  March  B.  18*10,  the  son  of  .lames 
Turwillger,  one  of  the  worthy  and  earliest  pio- 
neers of  the  city  of  I'ortland.  (See  his  history 
in  this  work.)  Mr.  James  Terwilliger  married 
Miss  Sophronia  llnrd  and  had  five  children, 
one  of  whom  died  in  the  East. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  next  to  the 
youngest  of  the  above  family,  was  five  years  of 
age  when  the  emigration  to  Oregon  across  the 
plains  took  place.  ( )ne  of  the  children  died  on 
the  way,  and  Inter  in  the  journey  also  the 
mother,  and  the  father  with  lus  little  children 
was  left  in  a  strange  land.  Only  two  of  the 
family  are  now  living;  Iliram  and  a  sister  who 
married  Charles  Cartwright,  and  is  now  living 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State.  Mr.  James 
Terwilliger  built  the  first  house  in  Portland, 
and  also  the  first  blacksmith  shop. 

In  the  summer  of  1848,  Hiram  was  sent  to 
the  first  school  kept  in  Portland,  in  a  log  house 
near  the  corner  or  First  and  Pine  streets,  taught 
by  Miss  Julia  Carter.  When  he  grew  up 
Iliram  learned  the  trade  of  tanner  and  currier, 
in  the  tannery  owned  and  conducted  by  his 
father   and  uncle.     After    working 'there  nine 


years,  be  followed  mining  for  a  time  in  Idaho  and 
Oregon,  both  placer  and  (jiiartz,  making  from  815 
to  1(125  a  ({ay,  and  sometimes  as  high  as  i{(50. 
Returning  to  Portland,  he  took  contracts  and 
furniphed  saw  logs,  ami  for  a  time  mad(!  money 
in  the  biisinesss.  Ne.xt  he  went  on  a  hunting 
and  trapjiing  expedition  on  the  Columbia  river, 
spending  a  winter  catching  beaver,  otter  and 
mink.  Then  he  spent  some  time  prospecting 
for  stone  coal;  then  for  five  years  he  was  a 
sailor  on  the  schooner  Champion,  making  trips 
between  Tillamook  bay  and  Portland,  in  1870 
he  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  I'ortland. 
After  awliile  he  moved  to  Tillamook,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  dairy  business  for  six  years. 
Then  he  returned  to  his  father's  place,  where  he 
has  since  been  engaged  as  assistant  in  the  man- 
agement of  their  valuable  real  estate,  lie  has 
built  several  houses,  and  since  1886  he  has  been 
employed  in  developing  quartz  mines  at  Elk 
City,  where  he  has  a  valuable  mine  of  his  own 
and  stock  in  several  others. 

In  his  political  views  Mr.  Terwilliger  is  a 
Republican,  but  gives  little  attention  to  politics. 
However,  he  takes  considerable  interest  in  the 
educational  interests  of  his  community;  has 
served  as  Clerk  of  the  School  Board.  He  is  a 
worthy  and  reliable  citizen.  Having  now  lived 
in  Oregon  forty-seven  years,  he  has  seen  this 
State  grow  from  a  howling  wilderness  to  a  com- 
monwealth of  civilized  luxury. 

In  1869  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Edwards, 
a  native  of  Iowa  and  the  daughter  of  Joseph  Ed- 
wards, and  they  have  had  four  children,  namely: 
James  T.,  Joseph  R.,  Charlotte  J.  and  Wirtney. 
Joseph  was  horn  in  Tillamook,  and  the  others  in 
Portland.  All  of  them  are  at  honie  with  their 
parents. 

iLBERT  E.  MACKAY,  M.  D.,  a  practic- 
ing physician  of  Portland,  Oregon,  was 
born  in  Hamilton,  Ontario,  Canada,  June 
15,  1863.  His  parents,  James  and  Margaret 
(Duncan)  MacKay,  were  natives  of  Scotland,  and 
were  reared  and  married  in  that  country,  from 
there  emigrating  to  Hamilton,  where  Mr.  Mac- 
Kay  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business,  and 
also  had  shipping  interests  on  the  lakes.  In 
1873  the  family  removed  to  Toronto,  where  Mr. 
MacKay  continued  his  business  enterprises.  He 
and  his  wife  had  eleven  children,  of  whom  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  youngest. 


4TJ 


lllsroHY    OF   OHh'UOy. 


Dr.  MitcKiiy  reoeired  hit  pruliminury  educa- 
tion Kl  tli(i  Mixlul  School  unci  Collci^'iiitti  [iiHti- 
tiito  of  Toronto,  when'  lio  ])re|mr(Ml  hiinsulf  for 
thu  Toronto  llnivi'rsity.  an<i  there  renmincil  two 
yeiirs  in  iiciuh'iiiic  Htinlic?*  and  was  then  trans 
lerreil  to  the  inciiical  cHjurse,  wiiere,  iii'ter  foiii- 
years,  lie  grailuatcd,  rceeivinj^  the  decree  of  i>. 
M.  in  18S7.  lie  tlien  attended  lectures  at 
'I'riiiity  University,  where  he  received  the  tle- 
;;ree  of  M.  I>.  and  C!.  M.  Wi»hinf;  to  extend 
li's  experience  and  knowledj^e  in  foreign  institu- 
tions, he  visited  l-ondon  and  passed  ont>  year  in 
])ost-i,'railiiate  studies  and  visitinj^  hospitals. 
UeturniM;f  to  New  York  city,  he  spent  Honni 
nioiitlis  in  perfecting  his  knowledjji"  in  his 
chosen  profession.  In  1881)  ho  came  to  Port- 
land anil  estahlislied  iiiinself  in  a  f;cncral  prac- 
tice, which  he  has  continued  with  marked  huc- 
eess.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Portland  he  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Microscopy  and  Histology 
of  the  medical  de|iartnieut  of  the  University  of 
Oregon,  to  whicli  he  devotes  much  time  ami  re- 
search. He  is  a  meniher  of  the  State  and  Port- 
land jMedical  Societies,  of  the  American  Micro- 
scopic Society,  and  is  president  of  the  Multno- 
inuli  Amateur  Athletic  (Jlub. 

— ^€®:!i)^-^^ — 


fAPTAlN  J.  A.  BROWN  is  connected 
with  the  sliipping  interests  of  Portland 
and  has  a  vital  intluence  in  the  development 
of  that  great  commercial  center.  He  was  born 
in  F^uhec,  Maine,  November  2.3,  1844.  His 
grandparents,  Tiiomas  Brown,  born  in  Dublin, 
an<l  a  graduate  of  the  University,  and  Elizabeth 
(Math(M'son)  Brown,  of  Kdinburgii,  Scotland, 
emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia  in  1810,  and  to  East- 
port,  Maine,  in  1813,  being  among  the  early 
settlers  of  that  locality.  The  parents  of  our 
subject,  D.  L.  and  .lane  (Soutliergreen)  Brown, 
settled  in  Lubec,  where  ^[r.  Brown  conducted 
a  large  cooperage  and  fishing  business,  and 
manufactured  iish  oil  and  smoked  herring. 

At  the  age  of  tifteen  years  J.  A.  Brown  be- 
gan a  .seafaring  life,  sailing  from  Portland, 
Maine,  upon  the  brigantine  Almond  Rowell  for 
Montevideo  and  the  West  Indies,  sailing  upon 
this  course  for  three  years,  with  frequent  voy- 
ages to  Europeai\  ports.  He  followed  the  sea 
until  1866,  going  through  the  regular  order  of 
promotion  from  sailor  to  first  officer.  January 
1,  1806,  as  mate  of  the  brig  Mary  A.  Reed, 
with  Captain  George  Johnson.     He  sailed  from 


New  York  with  a  cargo  of  keel  pieces  for  thu 
Mare  Island  Navy  Yard,  California,  and  after  a 
tedious  voyage  of  1J27  days,  they  nuide  port. 
He  was  then  employed  by  Sini|)son  Brothers,  of 
San  Francisco,  as  master  of  the  tug  Fearless,  in 
towing  on  (!oos  bay  bar  for  about  three  years, 
then  us  pilot  on  (!oos  bay  and  I'mpijua  bar,  on 
the  steamships  I'acitic  anil  Pelican.  Subse- 
quently as  master  of  sailing  vessels  between 
Umpqiia  bay  anil  San  Fraiu'isco,  Portland  and 
the  Sandwich  islamls.  In  1874  he  settled  jn^r- 
nianently  in  I'ortland  and  began  the  business  of 
stevedore,  with  ollices  at  Portland  and  .Vstoria, 
in  which  he  has  built  up  an  extensive  busi- 
ness. 

Captain  Brown  was  married  in  i'ortland,  in 
187."),  to  Miss  Fannie  E.  Terry,  a  native  of  New 
l?edford,  Massachusetts,  daughter  of  William 
Terry,  a  California  pioneer  of  184!).  They 
have  had  five  children:  David  A.,  George  W., 
Jessie  A.,  I'annie  ii.  and  Melville  W.  The 
family  reside  on  K  street,  wlu're  Captain  Brown 
built  his  residetu-e,  in  18Si5.  He  is  a  nu'inber 
of  the  Willamette  i,odge,  A.  F.  ifc  A.  M..  and  a 
charter  member  of  the  .Mohawk  Tribe,  No.  28, 
of  lied  Men  of  I'acbeco,  California,  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  I'ilot  (!oininissioners  for 
Oregon. 


irSS!  '/,  TRYON  CIIAMBERLIN,  a  vet- 
eran of  I.''''  Union  .\nriy  and  Deputy  (!ol- 
lect.or  of  Internal  lievenue  of  Portland, 
Oregon  v,-is  born  in  Montpelier,  Vermont,  May 
11),  IV-t'-,  .lis  father,  Samuel  Chainberlin,  was 
also  born  in  Vermont.  They  aro  of  good  old 
i'^nglisli  ancestry,  who  came  to  New  England 
early  in  the  history  of  the  colonies.  Mr.  Samuel 
Chamberlin  married  Flora  Tryon,  a  luitive  of 
liis  own  State  and  they  had  three  children,  all 
of  whom  are  living. 

Russell  was  the  oldest  and  was  in  school  in 
Montpelier  when  the  rebels  fired  on  Fort 
Sumter.  It  was  then  thought  that  a  few  months 
would  serve  to  put  down  the  Rebellion,  but  it 
was  soon  found  that  it  was  to  be  a  long  aiul 
bloody  conflict  and  President  Lincoln  issued 
his  call  for  100,000  men  and  Mr.  Chamberlin 
enlisted  in  Company  G,  Fourth  Vermont  Vol- 
unteer Infantry.  The  first  camp  was  at  Chain 
Bridge  and  the  first  fight  at  Lee's  Mill,  the 
next  at  the  battle  of  Yorktown  and  they  were 
in  all  the. series  of  hard   battles   in    front  of 


M  ui 


insTour  01-'  Dii/cnoy 


4Ti 


liitliinond  and  in  the  B«veii  ddys'  tiglit.  They 
won)  lit  (iiiin«^'H  Hill.  I'l'iidi  Orclmrd,  WliitcOiik 
8\vaiii|i  liiid  in  tht' Imttlc  of  Mulvciii  Hill.  Hiw 
roj^inicnt  wn.i  ordiTt'd  Nortli  iind  tlu'ir  lir.^t 
iMij;ii<^i!nient  tlicru  wiis  iit  tlii'  battlo  of  ISiiU  Itiin, 
from  tliore  to  iSoiitli  Mouiitiiin  and  Antiotiiin. 
lie  hIho  purtic'ipiitod  in  tlio  battle  of  Fred- 
uricksbni-f;  niuU^r  I'nrnsidc.  He  was  in  the 
second  Kattle  under  Hooker  when  {''riMlerickHlmrg 
WRH  eaptiired.  He  fought  at  (icttyBhurg  ninier 
(Jcneral  Meudo  and  from  there  the  regiment  wart 
Hcrit  to  New  York  eity  to  suppress  the  riot. 
'I'liey  wore  then  returneil  to  the  Arniy  of  the 
I'otoma'  H*i  was  in  the  capture  of  Uappan- 
iioek  Station.  The  next  hard  tij^htinjr  was  in 
the  campaign  of  tiie  Wilderness  under  (iencral 
(irant;  then  Spottsylvftnia  and  Cold  Harhor  and 
in  the  tight  in  front  of  lY'tershurg,  where  he  was 
for  a  time  in  command  of  his  company,  and  was 
captur(«]  June  T^ii.  Was  in  I^ibhy  prison  for 
a  short  time,  then  in  Belle  Isle,  and  was  confined 
five  months  in  Andersonville.  He  was  exchanged 
just  before  Sherman  arrived  with  his  troops. 
When  he  was  exchanged  ho  was  allowed  a 
thirty  days'  furlough  to  recover  fi'oni  the  eirects 
of  his  imprisonment,  lie  returned  to  his  regi- 
ment in  1805.  He  was  ])romoted  to  Commis- 
sary Sergeant  of  the  regiment  and  later  to 
Lieutentant.  In  February  he  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Forts  Steadman  and  Tracy  and  at 
Soiloss  liun,  the  last  heavy  engagement  of  the 
army,  and  ho  was  at  Ap|)omattox  at  surrender  of 
General  Lee.  They  were  then  sent  to  Danville 
to  assist  in  the  capture  of  the  army  of  General 
Johnston.  At  the  battle  at  which  Mr.  Cham- 
berlin  was  captured  he  was  reported  killcid  !<nd 
,iews  to  that  effect  was  sent  to  his  friends  at 
home.  Tlie  way  in  which  the  report  arose  was 
that  a  comrade  of  his  had  an  empty  envelopi;  of 
Mr.  (Miamberlin's  in  his  pocket.  The  man  had 
taken  it  when  Mr.  Chami)erlin  had  received  it, 
to  carry  some  salt  in.  Ho  was  shot  and  found 
on  the  field  and  this  envelope  addressed  to  Mr. 
Chamberlin  was  found,  in  his  pocket.  Mr. 
(,'haniberlin's  friends  did  •  not  hear  of  his  safety 
until  he  was  exchanged.  lie  returned  lionie  six 
months  later.  After  his  return  to  the  army  he 
several  times  crossed  the  ground  and  saw  the 
grave  of  his  friend  who  rested  under  his  name 
inscribed  above  him.  Very  few  men  have  seen 
their  own  name  above  a  grave. 

lie  was  mustered  out  as  First  Lieutentant 
and  retired  to  his  home,  where  he  was  engaged 
in   farming  until  1877,  when  he  carao   to   San 


Franei8co  and  from  there  went  to  Virginia 
City.  .Nevada.  He  staid  there  until  ISSO  iitid 
then  came  to  I'ortland,  ( •regon,  wluTo  he  was 
foreimm  of  Fngine  Company  No.  '.i,  and  was  a 
most  ellii'ient  member  <«t'  the  city  tire  Depart- 
ment. Ho  receiveil  a  custom-house  aiipoint- 
ment  and  herved  two  years  and  is  now  Deputy 
Collector  of  Uevenue.  He  lias  been  a  Kepublican 
since  the  organization  of  the  party.  He  was 
Post  Commander  of  the  (ie()rge  Wright  i'ost, 
No.  1,  G.  A.  U.,  and  was  Aid-de-Cainj)  on  the 
commander's  stall'  in  18!)1  and  was  also  Chief 
of  Staff  of  the  department  commandei'. 

He  married  in  IStttl  Mary  K.  'J'own,  of 
Plainfield,  Vermont.  They  havetwo  sons,  .1. 
Kdgar  and  Earl.  The  former  surveying,  the 
latter,  attending  sch()(d.  such  is  a  very  brief 
history  of  a  very  deserving  main,  who  rendered 
brave  and  heroic  service  in  the  Union  army. 
Tin*  country  can  nevtu'  r(|)ay  the  debt  she  owes 
to  the  brave  men  who  left  home  and  friomls  to 
fight  for  her  preservation. 

— ^^m:m^^ — 

fll  F:  1)  F:  R  I  C  K  W.  G  E  E  K,  of  Clackamas 
county,  is  a  worthy  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1846.  lie  was  born  in  the  State  of  Con- 
necticut May  24,  1817,  and  was  the  son  of  Jo- 
seph C.  Geer,  also  a  native  of  the  State  of  Con- 
necticut and  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1847.  Mr. 
Geer  was  the  second  son  in  a  family  of  five  sons 
and  five  daughters,  nine  of  whom  are  still  liv- 
ing. When  he  was  two  years  old  he  removed 
with  tlie  family  to  Ohio,  wliere  he  remained 
until  1840  and  then  removed  to  Illinois.  In 
1841  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Pren- 
tice, a  native  of  Rochester,  New  York,  a  cousin 
of  the  noted  General  Ranks.  Two  children 
were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geer  in  Illinois: 
Adelia  H.  and  Theodore  D.  Adelia  became 
the  wife  of  Charles  M.  Cartwriglit  and  died  in 
her  fortieth  year,  leaving  two  (laughters  and  a 
son.  Theodore  1).  is  a  farmer  in  Washington. 
With  his  wife  and  two  children  our  subject 
made  the  trip  with  oxen  p.oross  the  plains  to 
Oregon  in  1846.  The  journiy  was  a  successful 
one,  and  they  enjoyed  it  and  were  just  six 
months  less  one  day  making  it.  The  family 
settled  upon  a  donation  claim,  in  ('laekannis 
county,  of  640  acres,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Willamette  river  from  where  Butteville  now 
stands,  and  on  this  property  he  has  ever  since 


474 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


resided.  In  late  years  our  subject  has  subdi- 
vidinl  liis  farm  into  ten  small  ones  for  the  cul- 
tivation of  hops.  He  was  one  of  the  first  in 
tiic  section  to  engajfe  in  the  raising  of  hops, 
and  found  that  his  land  was  well  adapted 
to  the  hop  culture.  In  one  year  he  raised 
from  six  acres  $5,0()U,  the  price  then  being 
seventy  cents  per  pound,  but  now  he  has  re- 
tained fifty-three  acres  of  land  which  he  intends 
to  put  into  hops. 

For  sixteen  years  Mr.  Geer  was  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business  in  Hutteville,  and  he 
also  at  an  early  day  kept  a  hotel.  His  wife 
cooked  for  the  man  who  ran  the  first  steamboat 
on  the  AVillametto  river.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geer 
have  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  of  whom  six 
are  living.  The  children  born  in  Oregon  are: 
Fredrick  Coridon,  born  July  24, 1848;  he  taught 
school  twelve  years  and  has  been  in  the  depot 
for  the  last  eight  years  in  Portland  as  head  bag- 
gagemaster;  Annett,  now  Mrs.  J.  Handley,  and 
resides  in  Idaho;  Violet  Amelia,  now  Mrs.  A. 
McCulley,  and  resides  in  Salem;  Ella  died  in 
her  twenty-second  year;  Archibald  is  a  steam- 
boat captain  and  resides  in  Portland;  Prentiss 
died  in  his  seventh  year;  Eva  and  Eff'a  were 
twins,  but  Eva  died  in  her  seventh  year,  her 
clothing  having  accidentally  caugh'.  on  firo  and 
she  was  so  badly  burned  that  her  little  life 
passed  out;  Effa  married  Joseph  Iloeze  and  re- 
sides with  her  father. 

Socially  Mr.  Geer  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
go!iic  fraternity  and  has  held  the  most  of  the 
offices  in  his  lodge.  In  his  youth  he  was  a 
Democrat,  but  when  the  civil  war  came  on  he 
was  a  strong  Union  man  and  joined  the  Repub- 
lic.;!! party,  and  has  since  faithfully  adhered  to 
that  party.  He  has  served  several  years  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace  and  discharged  the  duties 
of  the  ofHce  in  a  fair  and  creditable  manner. 
His  good  wife,  who  with  him  crossed  the  plains 
in  1846  and  who  has  since  faithfully  shared  iiis 
joys  and  sorrows,  is  still  spared  to  him,  and 
they  live  in  peace.  ])lenty  and  comfort  on  the 
land  which  has  been  their  home  for  forty-six 
years. 

^ON.  THOMAS  i'AlJLSEN,  of  Washing- 
ton county,  Oregon,  is  one  oi'  the  huccpss- 
ful  garden  farmers  of  his  county  ai.d  a 
most  respected  citizen.  He  was  born  in  Den- 
mark, province  Schleswig,  February  It),  1835, 


and  was  the  son  of  Hans  and  Johanna  Paulsen. 
The  father  was  a  Lutheran  minister,  who  also 
engaged  in  farming. 

Mr.  Paulsen  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
his  country,  supplemented  with  his  father's 
valuable  instructions,  as  the  latter  desired  his 
son  to  become  a  minister.  This  hope  the  son 
was  not  inclined  to  fulfill,  as  his  desires  did  not 
direct  him  in  that  way,  and  in  his  sixteenth 
year  he  left  home,  coming  to  America.  In  the 
city  of  Milwaukee  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
printer,  at  which  he  worked  for  a  number  of 
years.  In  1854  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  was 
there  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  State,  as  he 
was  in  Omaha  when  it  had  but  a  few  houses.. 
In  1861,  when  the  civil  war  burst  upon  the 
country,  an  e.vpedition  was  fitted  out  tL  keep  the 
Indians  in  check,  as  it  was  feared  that  on  the 
frontiers  the  Indians  would  take  advantage  r  t' 
the  troubled  times  in  the  civilized  paitof  tho 
country  and  would  commit  many  depredations. 
Captain  Mayndier  had  command  of  this  expe- 
dition and  Mr.  Paidsen  enlisted  in  the  ccimj)any. 

This  party  crossed  the  plains  ,.nd  for  five 
months  Mr.  Paulsen  was  in  that  service.  They 
were  dischargtMl  at  Walla  Walla.  Mr.  Paulsen 
came  to  Portland  and  there  engaged  in  work  at 
the  printers'  trade,  later  going  to  Stdem  and 
still  later  to  Jacksonville,  where  be  had  no 
trouble  in  findintjwork  at  the  "case."  He  tried 
mining  awhile  in  eastern  Oregon. 

In  1871,  at  Jacksonville,  Mr.  Paidsen  was 
married  to  Miss  F.  M.  Campbell,  a  native  of 
Indiana,  born  in  1840.  Soon  after  the  marriage 
they  camu  to  Washington  county  and  pur- 
chased forty-six  acres  of  rich  land  adapted  to 
farm  gardening,  and  here  began  the  business, 
which  he  has  since  followed.  Working  hard 
and  intelligently  he  soon  built  up  a  prosperous 
business  and  accumulated  a  competency.  He 
has  added  tracts  of  laud  from  time  to  tiuie  to 
his  original  purchase,  has  erected  a  comfortable 
residence  and  has  surrounded  himself  with  tho 
comforts  of  life.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  the 
United  States  the  country  became  agitated  over 
the  extension  of  slavery  and  his  sympathies 
were  enlisted  on  the  side  of  freedom,  and  when 
he  became  a  citizen  he  found  in  the  newly 
organized  Republican  party  the  ideas  that  he 
believed  in  and  Ids  first  vote  was  oast  for  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  for  president,  and  since  that  time 
he  has  Ixjen  a  stanch  adhoront  of  the  Re|)nb- 
lican  party. 

Ill  1880  the  jiarty  gave  him  the  nomination 


[ 


I-         r 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


475 


for  County  Commissioner,  nn  office  of  the  great- 
est importance  in  the  county.  He  was  elected 
and  served  hin  term  with  the  good  sense  which 
has  characterized  every  effort  of  his  life.  In 
1880  he  was  nominated  and  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  served  satisfactorily  one  term  and 
was  honored  by  a  re-election.  "During  that 
time  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committees  on 
Printing  and  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Highways. 

Mr.  Paulsen  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  of  the  Grange,  having  been  Master  of  his 
grange  and  its  representative  to  the  State 
Grange.  His  life  has  been  one  of  honest  effort, 
and  he  and  his  good  wife  are  very  deserving  of 
the  prosperity  which  they  h»ve  secured. 

^^^AMUEL  li.  THURSTON.— In  the  open- 
ing of  the  Territorial  era,  Hon.  Samuel  It. 
Thurston  was  easily  the  most  representa- 
tive character.  He  probably  embodied  in  him- 
self more  of  the  spirit  and  life  that  lay  at  the 
foundation  of  the  new  commonwealth  that  was 
being  formed  on  the  Pacific  coast  than  any 
other  one  man,  and  did  more  to  give  trend  and 
character  to  its  subsequent  history  than  any 
other  of  his  period.  So,  to  dismiss  his  career 
and  work  with  the  few  fentences  we  could  give 
him  in  the  chapter  that  records  his  death  would 
he  wrong. 

Mr.  Thur3toii  was  horn  in  Monmouth,  Maine, 
in  1816.  His  father  died  while  he  was  young, 
and  the  family  removed  to  the  small  town  of 
Peru,  in  Oxford  county,  where  he  grew  np  to 
manhood,  lie  early  became  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  before  he  was 
twenty  yeprs  of  age  became  noted,  locally,  as 
an  eloquent  and  fervent  exhorter  in  revival 
meetings.  Though  with  limited  education,  hi* 
ability  was  evident,  and  his  command  of  lan- 
gnage  remarkable.  Ttiere  was,  however,  one 
quality  of  his  character  which  led  judicious  ad- 
visors to  persuade  him  to  adopt  the  profession 
of  the  law,  anil  that  was  his  aggressiveness  and 
combativeness.  Appreciating  the  interest  taken 
in  himself  by  several  leading  men  of  the  county, 
he  entered  upon  a  thorough  course  of  study  8t(d, 
in  1843,  graduated  with  honors  nt  Bowdoin 
College,  Maine.  During  his  college  course  he 
developed  much  skill  in  debate  ,i;i(!  in  written 
polemics.  He  also  showed  more  than  usual  in- 
terest in  politics,  and  on  the  occurrence  of  every 


election  he  found  time  to  go  out  among  the 
people  and  make  speeches  for  the  Democratic 
])arty ;  becoming  prominent  as  a  political  speaker 
while  yet  an  undergraduate.  His  interest  in 
political  affairs  and  his  stirring  speeches  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  ex-Governor  Robert  C. 
Dutilap,  who  received  young  Thurston  as  a  law 
student  in  his  office.  In  this  place  young 
Thurston  found  a  congenial  atmosphere,  as  the 
Governor  had  been  much  in  put)Iic  life,  and  had 
served  as  Speaker  of  the  National  House  of 
Representatives.  Here  a  glimpse  of  national 
politics  could  be  obtained,  and  the  interest  in 
public  questions  here  awakened  in  him  never 
abated  while  he  lived.  After  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Maine,  Mr.  Thurston  married  and 
went  West,  establishing  himself  in  Hurlington, 
Iowa,  and  becoming  the  editor  of  the  I5;irling- 
ton  Gazette,  a  Democratic  journal.  Remaining 
here  two  years  he  decided  to  emigrate  to  Ore- 
gon, which  he  did  in  1847  with  his  little  fam- 
ily, traveling  by  ox  teams  and  wagon,  accord- 
ing to  the  custom  of  the  times. 

On  arriving  in  Oregon  in  the  autumn  of  that 
year,  he  settled  at  Ilillsboro  in  Tualatin,  now 
Washington  county,  and  began  the  practice  of 
the  law.  In  1848  lie  represented  that  county 
in  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  the  Provisional 
Government  of  Oregon. 

The  following  year  the  Ur  ted  States  having 
extended  its  jurisdiction  over  Oregon,  and  or- 
ganized a  Territorial  Government,  Samuel  R. 
Thnrston  was  elected  the  first  delegate  in  Con- 
gress. He  had  the  honorable  distinction  of  be- 
ing the  first  representative  elected  by  the  peo- 
ple, under  a  law  of  the  United  States,  from  that 
vast  domain  lying  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
now  embracing  five  States  and  a  part  of  three 
others,  and  two  Territories, — comprising  one- 
fourth  of  the  present  area  of  the  Unions.  The 
retrospect  of  forty-three  years  in  the  history  of 
our  Government-,  beginning  with  Thurston's 
election,  from  the  Pacific  coast  in  1849,  to  rep- 
resent Oregon  in  Congress,  and  following  along 
to  the  present  day,  is  startling  indeed.  Then 
the  slow-moving  ox  teams — now  the  fiying  ex- 
press railway  train.  Then  the  wilderness  and 
savage  life — now  organized  States  with  two 
senators  and  many  representatives  in  Congress 
— the  country  teeming  with  every  product  and 
manufactr.re  of  civilized  life,  with  schoolhonses, 
churches  and  colleges  everywhere. 

Thurston  arrived  in  Washington  in  the  au- 
tumn of  1849,  and  sot  himself  at  work  at  once 


M 


■III 


47« 


III  STOUT    OF    OREGON. 


for  his  constitutents  witli  siu-Ii  vigor  and  dili- 
g(Mice  that  success  followed  to  a  remarkable  de- 
gree. If  lie  did  not  originate  the  idea  of  a  do- 
natioti  land  law  for  the  settlers  of.  Oregon  he 
carried  the  idea  into  effect  hy  combining  all 
that  was  practi>'able  into  a  measure,  and  work- 
ing in  season  and  out  of  season,  and  with  skill 
and  diplomacy  in  securing  its  passage  through 
Congress.  This  was  the  donation  act  of  Sep- 
tember 21,  1850,  which  lies  at  the  foundation 
of  the  most  valuable  titles  to  land  west  of  the 
Itocky  mountains  and  north  of  (/alifornia. 

He  also  secured  the  passage  of  measures  pro- 
viding for  the  extinguishment  of  the  Indian 
title  to  lands  lying  west  of  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains by  proper  treaties;  for  a  superintendent  of 
Indian  affairs,  and  their  Indian  agents;  a  sur- 
veyor-general's otiice,  and  the  saviilg  of  all  set- 
tled lands;  for  post  oltices  and  mail  routes;  for 
the  coast  survey  and  lighthouses,  and  many 
other  matters  of  great  pul)lic  moment,  involving 
appropriations  for  Oregon  of  nearly  ^200,000, 
a  very  large  sum  in  those  days  for'  so  small  a 
population.  It  is  not  probable  that  Oregon 
then  eml)racing  all  west  of  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains and  north  of  California,  contained  more 
than  10,000  white  peo[)le. 

There  was  one  thing  in  the  Oregon  land  bill, 
for  which  much  censure  has  been  bestowed  on 
^'.  M  (ton    by  some  writers,  to  which,  as  it 

!  IS  '  ri  ed  largely  in  one  aspect  of  Oregon 
lijstor/  ive  must  here  give  some  careful  consi<l- 
♦  -i'"  1.  It  was  the  insertion  in  the  bill  of  a 
cirfHse  excepting  from  its  operation  the  Oregon 
city  claim,  held  and  occupied  by  Dr.  John 
McLonghlin,  and  providing  that  the  same  should 
go  to  the  university  laud  fund.  Mut  those  who 
have  made  reflections  upon  Mr.  Thurston  for  his 
action  in  this  particular  have  only  exiiressed  one 
side  of  a  very  sharp  controversy' of  that  period, 
a'ld  have  not  considered  the  real  cause  of  this 
a(!tion.     Let  us  state  the  case: 

When  Dr.  McLonghlin  first  announced  his 
claim  to  the  ownership  of  the  Oregon  City  site, 
he  was  not  aTul  never  had  been  a  resident  upon 
it,  but  was  a  resident  of  Vancouver,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  (Columbia  river,  and  was  chief 
factor  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  a  foveign 
corporation.  He  was  a  Hritish  subject,  and  had 
not  even  declared  his  intention  of  becoming  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States.  This  was  in  1842, 
and  while  the  Hritish  crown  claimed  the  whole 
of  Oregon,  and   was,  by    treaty,  in   (^uiet   occu- 


pancy of  it.  In  this  state  of  things  Rev.  A. 
S.  Wallis,  an  American  citizen,  and  a  inissionary 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  esiablislied 
himself,  and  began  to  work  tliere  at  an  earlier 
date,  making  claim  to  the  land  as  an  .'imerifiiu 
citizen.  Wlujtever  the  exact  fact  of  pr'jr  occu- 
pancy might  have  been,  the  contro-.er.sy  as  to 
the  Oregon  City  claim  was  between  an  Amer- 
ican citizen  and  a  British  f.ubject,  and  the  ele- 
ment of  ownership  that  entered  into  the  broader 
controversy  between  Engla  id  and  the  United 
States,  as  to  the  country  itself,  entered  into 
this.  The  chief,  and  indeed,  the  only  opposition 
to  McLoughlin  was  based  on  his  being  the  chief 
factor  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  wlii('h  was 
established  in  Oregon  to  sustain  the  Hritish 
claims  to  the  country,  and  that  company  did  all 
in  its  power  to  sustain  that  claim.  On  the 
other  hand,  for  many  years  the  American  mis- 
sionaries at  this  time  was  not  only  the  strongest, 
but  almost  the  entire  influence  anta<£onizing  the 
British  sway  in  Oregon,  and  maintaining  the 
ascendency  of  the  United  States.  Is  it  then 
remarkable  that  strong  efforts  were  made  and 
high  feeling  was  evoked  in  the  controversy? 
The  spirit  of  antagonism  between  these  two  ele- 
ments was  not  wholly  allayed  by  the  treaty  of 
184t),  liecause  the  ]?ritisli  (Jovernment  still 
claimed  under  the  terms  of  the  treaty  large  in- 
demnities in  money  and  the  j)rivilege  of  assorting 
])o88essory  rights  in  its  subjects  resident  in  the 
country  and  it  was  not  known  for  some  time 
whether  McLoughlin  would  claim  as  a  citizen  of 
Great  Britain,  or  whether  he  would  become  natu- 
ralized and  claim  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States. 
This  was  the  condition  when  Thurston  became 
a  camlidate  for  delegate  to  Congress,  in  1849. 
Two  elements  entered  into  Thurston's  per- 
sonal relations  with  the  (piestion  of  tiiis  claim 
between  McLoughlin  and  Wallis:  First,  Thurs- 
ton had  been  a  zealous  and  consistent  member 
of  the  chnrcli  of  which  T,Ir.  Wallis  was  a  min- 
ister  and  missionary  from  boyhood,  ami  he  niitur- 
ally,  and,  it  might  be  said,  properly,  represented 
the  views  and  sympathies  of  that  church.  Sec- 
ond, Thurston  was  an  American,  and,  of  course, 
ho  couhl  not  do  otherwise  than  sustain  that  side 
of  the  controversy,  of  which  this  was  only  an 
incident.  The  issue  that  vras  culled  •'  "'k's^'ti's 
I?ay  and  anti-Hudson's,"  ihat  ei  •  jf'J  so  etronsfiy 
in  the  formation  of  the  I'r.  vibional  (ri  ■•'■■  >- 
nicut,  and  had  been  carried  clear  thrcigh  its 
existence,  lisul  not  exhausted  its  force  wlien  the 
election  for  delegate  to  Congress  came  on.     It 


!   !l 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


477 


was  the  chief  issue  then  as  heforc,  Thni'ston 
representing  the  American,  or  "  Anti-IIiidson's 
Bay"  sentiment.  Tiierefore,  in  securinif  the 
provision  in  the  land  law  of  1850,  vesting  the 
Oregon  City  land  claim  in  the  university  fund, 
Thurston  undoubtedly  considered  himself  acting 
in  the  true  interest  of  the  American  cause  in 
(Jregon.  In  his  published  address  "  to  the 
electors  and  pcojile  of  tlie  Territory  of  Oregon," 
of  September,  1850,  he  stated  his  views  of  the 
matter  as  follows:  "It  is  sufficient  for  me  to 
state  here,  without  going  into  proof,  that  I  do 
not  now,  nor  did  I  while  that  land  bill  was  under 
consideration,  consider  V)y.  McLouglilin  entitled 
to  any  favor  or  gratuity  from  tiie  American 
Government.  I  believed  then,  and  I  believe 
now,  and  I  have  no  doubt  the  jjroofsin  existence 
will  sustain  it  most  triumphantly,  that  he  has 
devoted  long  years  of  his  life  in  the  service  of 
the  Mritish  kin^j  and  ([ueen,  in  seeking  to  wrest 
the  whole  Territory  from  our  Government,  and 
acting  as  a  spy  imd  informant,  to  place  more 
etfectuiiUy  the  means  of  doing  so  in  the  hands 
of  our  enemies  I  believe,  too,  that  for  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  his  life  he  has  labored  as- 
siduously to  lorce  back  the  settlement  of  our 
Territory,  and  to  stifle  and  bear  (k)Wn,  by  all 
means  in  his  pow-jr,  the  throes  of  young  Ore- 
gon to  be  delivered  from  the  burden  of  foreign 
oppression,  and  from  the  chains  and  manacles 
of  British  power." 

Here  Mr.  Thurston  places  his  own  motive  on 
the  highest  ground  of  patriotism ;  ancl  considering 
the  period  and  the  circumstances  it  seems  clear 
that  he  was  justified  in  his  position.  Subse 
quently  after  Mr.  Thurston's  death,  and  after 
Dr.  McLouglilin  ceased  to  claim  as  a  British 
subject  under  the  treaty  of  1840,  and  became  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  by  naturalization, 
public  excitement  against  him  was  abated,  and 
public  sentiment  began  to  move  in  favor  of  his 
receiving  his  land  claim  from  Oregon  where  the 
land  law  vested  the  title.  The  Oregon  Legisla- 
ture after  the  death  of  McLouglilin,  for  the 
consideration  of  !fl,0()0,  named  in  the  act  to 
make  it  valid,  authorized  the  transfer  of  the 
Oregon  (Jity  claim  to  his  heirs.  Thus  closed  a  long 
and  bitter  controversy,  which  had  its  two  sides, 
and  both  of  them  were  legitimate.  While  Dr. 
McLouglilin  was  a  British  subject,  and  at  the 
head  of  a  powerful  foreign  corporation  repre- 
senting [?ritisli  jurisdiction  in  Oregon,  and  after 
the  treaty  of  1840  assorting  claims  of  the  Brit- 
ish (fovernment  and    British  subjects  under  it, 

•0 


opposition  to  him  and  to  his  claims  was  legiti- 
mate; but  when  conditions  had  changed  and 
McLouglilin  had  become  an  .Vmerican  citizen 
and  claimed  by  American  right,  no  one  >  ji 
doubt  if  Thurston  had  lived,  l)ut  he  would  have 
acquiesced  in  the  views  of  most  of  his  friends, 
who  had  stood  by  him  in  his  former  attitude, 
and,  as  he  was  a  generous  and  impulsive  man, 
that  he  would  have  been  gratified  with  the  ulti- 
mate adjustment. 

In  his  congressional  labors  Thurston  accom- 
plished a  vast  amount  for  his  constituents  in 
addition  to  the  measures  already  in<]icated.  In 
fact  he  far  overworked  his  powers,  and  left  but 
little  strength  for  the  trials  of  his  return  home. 
At  that  time  traveling  by  the  Isthmus  route 
was  dangerous  on  account  of  the  "I'anama 
fever."  He  was  attacked  by  this  disease,  and 
died  on  the  steamer  California  off  Aca|)ulco, 
Mexico,  where  he  was  buried.  His  death  oc- 
curred Ai)ril  9,  1851,  at  the  age  of  thirty-five 
years.  The  Legislature  of  the  Territory  took 
measures  to  have  his  body  brought  home  for 
burial.  An  immense  concourse  of  people  at- 
tended his  funeral  at  Salem,  and  Hon.  Delazon 
Smith,  afterward  United  States  Senator,  pro- 
nounced a  most  eloquent  funeral  oration.  By 
public  appropriation  a  proper  monumont  of 
Italian  marble  was  erected  to  his  memory  on 
the  quiet  spot  of  his  last  resting  place. 

Samuel  R.  Thurston  was  a  man  of  remarka- 
ble gifts  and  powers.  Of  a  highly  nervous  and 
rensitive  organization,  he  yet  shrank  from  no 
labor,  exposure  or  danger.  He  was  fearless  and 
aggressive  when  believing  himself  in  the  right, 
or  engaged  in  a  duty.  Ho  was  a  mosteloquent  and 
forcible  public  speaker.  He  possessed  a  breadth 
of  ability,  which  not  only  attracted  attention  as 
a  new  member  of  Congress  seldom  does,  but 
gave  promise  of  great  success,  and  a  wide  field 
of  usefulness  in  public  life.  He  had  one  ijuality. 
which  is  generally  the  true  test  of  strong  char- 
acter; whenever  he  appeared  before  the  people 
he  divided  them  into  two  parts — friends  and 
enemies,  or  perhaps  it  were  better  to  say,  ad- 
herents and  opponents.  Hut  in  his  congres- 
sional work  he  knew  no  political  party,  but 
worked  with  diplomatic  policy  to  bring  all  men 
to  him  in  support  of  his  measures  for  the  good 
of  Oregon. 

It  has  been  said  that  his  death  saved  him 
from  humiliating  defeat  on  his  return  for  re- 
election. There  is  no  ground  for  this  assertion. 
lie  Iiad  earned   a    re-election,  if  any  man  ever 


478 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


(lid,  a. id  lio  wonUl  have  reoeivtd  it  by  an  over- 
wlu'lmiiiff  iiiHJoritv.  OrejiOii  lias  liad  tew  aliler 
or  more  devoted  citizens  tlian  Samuel  II.  Tliurs- 
toi). 


iAllVEY    W.  SCOTT.— The  gr.  i', 
V§\  paper  is  liotli  the  creator  and  reflec' 

tlie  intellectnal  and  moral  life  of  at  .- 
munity.  Beyond  any  State  in  America  it  has 
chanced  to  Orcfron  to  illustrate  this  fact.  It 
has  one,  hnl  one,  really  great  paper,  the  daily 
and  weekly  Orejronian,  of  which  Mr.  Harvey 
W.  Scott  has  been  the  editor  since  1865,  witli 
only  the  lirief  interval  of  six  years,  making  a 
service  almost  continuous  of  nearly  aqiiarterof 
a  century.  From  the  fact  that  Mr.  Scott  has 
editorially  made  the  Oregonian  the  power  it  has 
long  been  in  ill  the  life  of  (Oregon,  he  is  fully 
entitled  to  be  considered  in  the  field  of  journBl- 
isin  the  one  representative  man  of  the  State. 
The  paper  which  he  has  .so  ably  edited  has  cer- 
tainly exerted  a  controlling  influence  on  all 
forms  of  thought  and  life  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  this  is  only  saying  that  Mr.  Scott  iiimsclf 
has  done  so. 

Mr.  Scott  came  to  Oregon  in  his  early  Iwy- 
hood  and  began  his  life  here  on  the  donation 
claim  of  his  father  at  hard  toil.  He  was  of  a 
remarkably  talented  family,  several  of  whom 
have  distinguished  themselves  in  literary  ))ur- 
suits.  His  father  being  unable  to  educate  him 
he  undertook  his  own  ednciition,  and  under 
great  difliculties  pursued  a  collegiate  course  at 
Pacific  ITnivorsity,  Forest  Grove,  Oregon,  going 
forth  from  that  alma  mater  as  its  first  regular 
\ind  full  graduate.  This,  however,  was  but  a 
Ibimdation  for  an  education  for  such  a  man  as 
Mr.  Scott,  and  he  proct^eded  to  build  upon  it  a 
superstructure  of  culture  and  erudition  that  in 
breadth  and  strei;gth  has  no  superior,  if  it  has 
an  equal,  on  the  northwest  coast.  No  small  part 
— indeed  the  larger  part — of  this  he  has  done 
while  pursuing  his  editorial  career. 

The  qualities  of  Mr.  Scott's  mind  are  capa- 
ciousness, strength  and  clearnese.  His  capacity 
to  stretch  his  investigations  over  the  whole 
range  of  knowledge  is  wonderful  and  he  grapples 
with  all  the  subjects,  which  he  discusses  with 
prodigious  nerve.  The  logical  faculty  predom- 
inates his  thinking,  hence  he  thinks  clearly  and 
connectedly,  and  welds  his  arguments  into 
chains,  whose  every    link  is  steel.     Men    who 


think  but  little,  and  that  on  the  surface  of 
things,  often  disagree  with  him,  but  men  who 
think  profoundly  and  deeply  always  question 
their  own  opinions  if  they  find  them  counter  to 
his.  Still  Mr.  Scott  is  not  what  is  called  a 
brilliant  man.  He  is  not  an  orator.  His  speech 
does  not  scintillate  and  flash,  but  is  slow,  delib- 
erate, even  hesitating.  He  does  not  affect  ora- 
tory. With  him  the  pen  is  the  mighty  vehicle 
for  communicating  his  thoughts  to  the  world, 
and  with  that  he  is  easy  master. 

.Mr.  Scott  is  a  thoroughly  independent  jour- 
nalist. Though  he  and  his  paper  are  rated 
generally  as  Kepublican  in  politics,  yet  they  are 
so  only  so  far  as  the  principles  and  policies  of 
that  party  accord  with  his  convictions.  It  will  be 
readily  seen  from  this  that  he  is  not  a  politician. 
He  is  too  great  for  that.  But  he  is  a  statesman. 
All  questions  of  national  and  international  policy 
and  history  are  equally  patent  to  Mr.  Llcott's 
thought,  and  he  discusses  them  ii\  a  manner  not 
only  to  influence  the  judgment  of  those  near 
him,  but  so  as  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  most 
distinguished  statesman  in  the  nation.  There 
can  be  no  doubt,  therefore,  that  the  opinions  of 
Mr.  Scott  are  more  widely  quoted,  and  have  a 
greater  and  broader  influence  throughout  the 
nation  than  those  of  any  other  Oregonian.  Cer- 
tainly he  occupies  a  ground  of  high  advantage 
as  the  editor  of  the  most  widely  circulated  paper 
on  the  coast,  but  ho  made  this,  advantage  for 
himself,  and  in  it,  as  thus  he  made  it,  be  con- 
tinually demonstrates  his  |K)wer. 

There  has  been  a  continuity  in  the  work  of 
Mr.  Scott  that  is  worthy  of  teing  referred  to  as 
a  model  for  the  young  people  of  the  State  of 
which  he  is  so  illustrious  a  citizen.  Ue  has 
never  been  a  divided  man.  The  tripod  has  been 
his  chosen  throne.  Though  he  has  ranged  all 
literature  and  all  science,  and  is  by  nature  and 
study  a  metaphysician,  yet  he  brings,  on  oc- 
cassion,  all  the  wealth  of  his  learning  to  enrich 
and  make  powerful  the  columnsof  hisCJregonian, 
in  which  ho  almost  literally  "lives  and  moves 
and  has  bis  being."  It  is  this  which  has  en- 
abled him  to  bring  his  paper  up  into  such  a  po- 
sition of  recognized  power,  and  make  it  so  in- 
fluential in  building  up  the  State  of  which  its 
editor  is  so  justly  proud.  While  he  is  proud  of 
Oregon,  the  Statu  has  just  reason  for  pride  that 
such  a  man  as  Mr.  Scott  has  been  the  product 
of  early  educational  and  literary  history.  Few 
indeed  are  the  men  to  whom  it  is  ever  given  to 
impress  themselves  so  deeply  on    the  thought 


a  I  STOUT    OF    OREGON. 


4n'i 


and  life  of  his  times  as  it  has  been  Mr.  Scott  to 
ilo  on  the  thoiiirlit  ami  life  of  Oregon.  Hence 
we  consider  him  pre-eminently  a  representative 
man. 

UKPRESBNTATIVE    MINI8TKR8. 


The  ordinary  historian  studying  history  only 
from  the  external  of  life  and  forgetting  to 
search  for  its  hidden  springs  in  the  motives  and 
life  of  the  individual  makes  little  reference  to 
the  ministers  of  a  community  or  State  as  an 
ever  present  and  ever  moving  force,  out  of 
which  what  is  called  history,  is  evolved.  They 
almost  habitually  ignore  the  universal  presence 
and  intellectual  and  moral  work  of  that  great 
class  of  men  called  ministers,  men  of  thought 
and  speech,  of  convictions  and  conscience,  whose 
addresses  week  by  week  influence  thousands  in  the 
directions  of  the  best  forms  of  life.  Oregon,  es- 
pecially, should  be  more  considerately  just  than 
this,  Hs  ministers  and  missionaries  were  the  real 
founders  of  the  State,  and  from  the  beginning 
have  shown  a  true  and  faithful  devotion  to  her 
interests.  Some  notice  of  their  work,  as  an 
integral  part  of  the  history,  constructing  force 
of  this  great  Northwest,  ought  to  be  given 
here,  and  it  can  best  be  given  by  selecting  the 
names  of  a  few  men  from  the  various  denom- 
inations that  have  wrought  in  Oregon  as  repre- 
sentatives of  the  work  of  all.  Only  those  are 
taken  whose  lifetime  service  is  so  identified 
with  the  public  life  of  the  State  as  to  fix  them 
as  waymarks  of  its  history. 

William  Roberts,  D.  D. — In  some  of  the  de- 
nominations there  have  been  so  matiy  men  of 
about  equal  prominence  and  power  that  it  is 
difficult  to  name  one  as  more  fitly  representa- 
tive than  others,  but  we  can  only  take  one  from 
each  of  the  leading  churches  of  the  State. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  being  iirst 
to  occupy  (Jregon,  early  gained  a  vantage 
ground  over  all  the  others,  and  has  had  more 
men  of  eminent  public,  as  well  as  ecclesiastical 
reputation  than  any  other,  but,  |)erhaps,  take 
him  all  in  all,  for  length  and  extent  of  service, 
diversity  of  responsibility,  general  ability,  men- 
tal culture,  the  one  whose  name  is  best  entitled 
to  this  recognition  was  William  Roberts,  D.  D. 
Mr.  Roberts  came  to  Oregon  as  superintendent 
of  the  missionary  work  of  the  Metliodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  in  184:7,  and  remained  prom- 
inently connected  with  all  the  moral,  educational 
and    Ijenevolent    work    of  the  State   until    'lis 


death,  in  1888,  a  period  of  forty-one  years.  He 
had  the  siiperiiitendency  of  the  missionary  work 
of  his  church,  over  what  is  now  all  the  States 
of  California,  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho, 
and  exercised  it  actively  in  a  period  when  to 
travel  over  it  required  the  hardihood  and  de- 
termination of  the  typical  pioneer,  as  well  as 
the  typical  itinerant.  As  a  man.  Dr.  Roberts 
had  singular  suavity  of  disposition  and  man- 
ners, a  strong  and  well-drilled  mind  and  a  per- 
severing and  steady  will.  In  appearance  he 
was  always  the  cultured  gentleman,  as  a  preacher 
he  was  fluent,  graceful,  with  an  elocution  that 
was  nearly  faultless,  charming  alike  the  rustic 
audiences  of  the  country  or  the  cultured  hearers 
of  the  metropolis.  In  this  respect,  for  many 
years,  he  was  the  foremost  man  of  the  Oregon 
pulpit. 

Mr.  Roberts  was  always  deeply  in  sympathy 
with  all  the  educational  movements  of  the  State, 
and  served  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of  the  "Willamette  University  during  all  the 
time  of  his  life  in  Oregon,  nor  was  h.is  interest 
in  that  cause  limited  to  this  one  school,  or  even 
to  the  schools  of  his  own  church,  but  extended 
to  the  schools  of  other  churches,  and  especially 
to  the  public-school  system,  of  which  he  was  a 
most  ardent  friend  and  supporter. 

Ho  saw  his  own  church  increase  in  the  region 
in  which  he  labored  so  long,  from  a  few  scores 
of  people  to  at  least  20,000,  and  the  country 
over  which  he  traveled  on  horseback  for  the 
first  ten  or  fifteen  years  of  his  life  on  the  fron- 
tier filled  with  a  teeming  population,  with  town 
and  cities  occupy  the  spots  where  he  formerly 
built  his  camp-fires,  with  steamboats  plowing 
all  the  rivers,  and  railroads  threading  all  the 
valleys,  in  short  a  metropolitan  civilization, 
where  he  first  found  a  savage  wilderness. 

The  details  of  his  work,  or  of  the  changes 
they  wrought  in  the  social  and  intellectual  con- 
dition of  Oregon,  cannot  be  traced  here,  but  he 
is  surely  entitled  to  be  classed  among  the  most 
honorable  of  the  founders  of  the  State  of  Ore- 
gon. 

G.  H.  Atkinson,  D.  D. — This  gentleman  was 
a  Congregationalist,  and  his  service  in  Oregon 
was  so  '  jng  and  of  so  eminent  a  character,  both 
as  relates  to  his  own  church  and  the  history  of 
the  State,  that  he  is  clearly  the  one  thoroughly 
representative  man  of  the  church  to  which  he 
belonged.  Ho  came  to  Oregon  froTU  New  Eng- 
land about  1848,  and  serv.  I  for  some  years  as 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Oregon  City,  then   the 


-ISO 


niSTORY    OF    OREGON . 


cliitf  pliicf  of  the  Territory.  lSnl)Beqiiently  he 
WHS  chobcii  to  that  of  Portland,  aiul  from  thi.s 
watt  made  a  missionary  sii])erinteiident  of  the 
work  of  hiri  cimrch  in  tlie  ^iorthwe8t.  Tliin 
lirt.nght  him  into  contact  with  tlie  i)eoi)le  all 
over  this  vast  jurisdiction,  and  made  liim  as 
generally  known  as  any  minister  in  Oregon. 

lie  was  a  man  of  great  excellence  of  char- 
acter, f\ill  of  devotion  to  the  best  and  most  be- 
novolent  work,  and  courageous  and  indomita- 
hlc  in  the  jjursuits  of  his  purposes,  lie  etpe- 
ciallv  distinguished  himself  in  Oregon  by  his 
intelligent  antl  coni]ireheHsive  treatment  of  all 
subject,'-:  of  a  social  and  econoniii-  character  in 
ihe  public  press.  In  this  respect  he  was  a 
leading  publicist,  as  well  as  a  leading  minister 
and  his  work  did  much  to  ojien  tlie  career  of 
his  ])rosperity  to  his  Sti.te.  I'robably  no  one 
man  did  mt)re  to  foster  and  encourage  education 
in  the  State  tlian  he.  lie  served  as  superin- 
temlent  of  sdiools  for  Mnltonomali  county,  in 
wliicli  Portland  is  situated,  and  was  long  the 
chief  factor  in  the  support  of  the  Pacific  Uni- 
versity. 

The  high  standing  of  Congregatiunalism  in 
Oregon  is  very  largely  due  to  the  intelligent 
and  self-denying  work  of  Dr.  Atkinson  from 
184S  to  1S7(>.  during  which  ti?ne  he  bore  the 
great  burden  of  laying  broad  aiul  deep  its  foun- 
dations almost  alone.  His  contemporaries  in 
all  churches,  and  in  the  general  public  as  well, 
will  join  us  in  ]>lacing  his  name  among  tlie 
most  eminent  of  the  re])resentative  citizens  of 
Ore<'ou.  He  died  in  Portland  a  few  years  ago, 
beloved  as  a  man  and  honored  as  u  pioneer  and 
minister. 

A.  1,.  Lindsley,  I).  I).,  LL.  I).— Presbyte- 
riaiiism  in  Oregon  has  a  strong  and  intlnential 
position.  Historically  that  pooition  is  owing 
iMore  to  the  character  and  work  of  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  is  written  above  than  to  those 
of  any  other  one  man.  Fortunate  in  having  in  its 
laity  a  large  iiuml)er  of  the  wealthiest  and  most 
intiiiential  of  the  citizens  of  the  State,  yet  even 
this  was  the  result  largely  of  the  work  of  Mr. 
Lindsley,  who  brought  to  the  pastorate  of  tlie 
First  Presbyterian  Oliurcli,  when  he  assumed  it 
in  IHO'J,  a  breadth  and  precision  of  scholarship, 
a  courtesy  and  gentleness  of  bearing,  a  states- 
manlike gras|)  of  thought,  and  a  power  of  sus- 
tained action  in  the  highest  lines  that  has  never 
been  e.xcelled  in  the  history  of  the  State.  He 
found  the  I'resbyterian  Church  in  the  city  and 
in   the  State   very  weak   numerically,  and   not 


strong  ill  any  resjiect,  and  set  himself  to  work 
with  an  industry  that  never  knew  weariness 
and  a  judgment  that  never  l>lnndered  to  the 
lifting  of  it  to  its  rightful  plane  of  influenco 
and  ])0wer.  Ilis  sciiolarship  and  ability  early 
won  him  personal  recognition  among  the  ablest 
men  of  the  State,  and  made  him  thenceforward, 
until  he  resigned  his  pastorate  in  1888  to  take 
tlie  place  of  a  theological  professorship  in  the 
Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  in  San 
Francisco,  undoubtedly  the  most  influential 
personality  among  the  ministers  of  the  State. 

For  the  later  years  of  his  life  in  Oregon  he 
traveled  extensively  in  the  Northwest,  super- 
vising the  interests  of  his  denomination,  and 
imjiressing  the  general  public  mind  witli  in- 
fluences that  always  made  for  culture  and  mo- 
rality. 

With  all  his  culture  and  refinement,  Dr.  Lind- 
sley had  the  instincts  of  a  pioneer.  His  tastes 
were  sim[)le,  his  manners  were  unostentatious, 
and  he  was  equally  at  home  in  the  drawing-room 
of  the  millionaire  or  about  the  humlile  board  of 
the  backwooilsman.  He  cultivated  the  com- 
mon people,  and  loved  their  plain  and  simple 
ways  and  thus  he  became  very  dear  to  hundreds 
of  nnpretentious  families  from  which  many  men 
fur  liis  inferior  would  have  turned  away. 

His  interest  in  the  cause  of  education  was,  of 
course,  most  pronounced,  and  he  was  often  seen 
in  the  class-rooms  of  the  common  school  as  well 
as  on  the  rostrum  of  the  lecturer.  Dr.  Lindsley 
was  fortunate  in  the  time  of  his  service  in  Ore- 
gon as  it  was  a  time  of  the  transition  of  the 
State  from  almost  a  provincial  to  a  real  nietro- 
polita;i  condition  ami  to  that  transition  he  was 
able  to  contribute  a  very  efiicient  and  controlling 
influence  and  enabled  him  to  stand  forth  in  the 
public  regard  as  a  thoroughly  representative 
man. 

Kev.  T.  L.  Eliot,  D.  D.— The  sketch  of  the 
representative  ministers  of  Oregon  that  left  un- 
mentioned  the  naine  of  this  gentleman  would 
justly  be  considered  partial  and   unsatisfactory. 

Mr,  Eliot  has  the  distinction  of  having  held 
the  longest  pastorate  of  any  minister  of  the  city 
of  Portland  or  in  the  State  of  Oregon.  He  was 
called  from  the  city  of  St.  Louis  in  18(57,  while 
yet  a  young  man,  to  the  pastorate  of  tiie  First 
Unitarian  Churchof  Portland, then  a  very  small  so- 
ciety, worshiping  in  a  very  unpretentious  cliapel, 
situated  on  tlie  site  of  its  present  large  and  beau- 
tiful editice.  From  1867  to  1893  Mr.  Eliot  con- 
tinued its  pastor,  when  he    voluntarily  resigned 


&^ 


inSTOltr    OF    OREGON. 


4Si 


liis  charge  on  account  of  impaired  lioalth,  tluis 
giving  a  full  quarter  of  a  century  of  extraonli- 
narily  useful  service  to  iiis  ciuirch  and  the  State 
of  which  lie  has  been  so  eminent  «  citizen. 

With  Mr.  Eliot,  while  lie  has  in  no  sense 
minitied  his  calling  as  a  minister,  citizenship 
and  manhood  have  been  lield  higher  than  a 
mere  professional  life.  He  lias  been  moreapul)- 
llc  man  in  the  best  sense  than  has  any  other 
minister  of  the  State.  His  long  residence  in 
one  place  has  given  him  a  hold  upon  public  in- 
terests that  he  could  not  otherwise  have  gained, 
and  hence  he  has  been  one  of  the  leading  spirits 
in  all  benevolent  and  reformatory  measures  that 
have  been  organized  in  the  city  where  he  has  so 
long  resided.  It  is  in  these  departments  that 
Mr.  Eliot  and  his  church  have  been  mostdistin- 
guished  and  have  done  most  for  the  welfare  of 
the  State. 

•As  a  man  Mr.  Eliot  is  small,  though  not  ef- 
t'eniinato  in  person,  and  exceedingly  cidtivated 
and  refined  in  manner.  He  is  as  simple  and  un 
ostentatious  as  a  child.  His  intellect  is  of  a  very 
fine  texture,  and  by  thorough  culture  is  as  tem- 
pered as  Damascus  steel.  Gentle  as  a  women  in 
voice  and  manner,  he  is  thoroughly  independent 
and  bold' in  the  expression  of  any  views  he 
wishes  to  advance.  His  every  quality  of  being 
and  life  is  admirable  and  united  form  a  person- 
ality of  singular  beauty  and  power. 

Mr.  Eliot  has  done  very  much  in  every  pos- 
sible way  in  the  cause  of  education,  and  has 
been  especially  interested  in  the  common  school 
work,  both  officially  and  personally,  and  his  ser- 
vice in  that  regard  has  won  him  the  unquali- 
fied admiration  of  the  people  of  his  State.  Never 
proclaiming  himself,  yet  his  works  always  pro- 
claim him  as  amoncr  the   most  influential  and 

o 

beneficent  personalities  that  our  State  has  ever 
contained,  and  one  who  has  done  as  much  as 
most  and  mnch  more  than  many  to  make  the 
history  of  his  State  illustrious. 

Bishop  B.  Weston  Morris. — As  a  constructive 
social  power,  Protestant  Episcopalianisin  has 
always  exerted  a  dominating  influence  in 
metropolitan  life.  Not  specially  suited  to 
frontier  life,  as  a  country  grows  into  age  it  be- 
gins to  find  its  theater  of  work,  and  to  assert 
itself  with  a  positive  energy  that  largely  affects 
society. 

Not  until  1851,  seventeen  years  after  mis- 
sionary work  was  begun  in  Oregon  by  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  was  there  any 
attempt  to  introduce  the  forms  and  ministry  of 


Epis(!opalianisin  into  the  Territory.  Trinity 
parish,  the  first  of  that  church  on  the  c<)a8t, 
was  then  organized  in  I'ortland.  Its  work  was 
superintended,  first  by  Bishop  T.  K.Scott, and 
afterward,  from  1869  to  the  present  time,  by 
Bishop  B.  Weston  Morris. 

On  coming  to  the  coast,  on  his  selection  as 
bishop  over  all  the  country  now  included  in 
Oregon  and  Wasliington,  Bishop  Morris  at 
once  took  rank  officially  and  personally,  and 
was  among  the  most  able  ministers  and  zealous 
Christian  workers  of  the  Northwest.  His  tire- 
lessness  of  purpose,  combined  with  the  wisdom 
of  his  administration,  marked  him  as  no  ordi- 
nary man,  and  gave  him  great  influence  in  every 
part  of  the  State.  Though  the  highest  ecclesi- 
astic of  his  church  in  the  country,  he  found  his 
way,  like  a  true  pioneer,  into  the  remotest  set- 
tlements, rivaling  the  typical  itinerant  in  Jiis 
zeal  and  self-denial  in  the  fulfillment  of  his 
mission.  Under  his  efficient  and  statesmanlike 
administration  his  church  grew  into  strength, 
the  cause  of  education  was  greatly  fostered,  and 
the  intellectual  and  moral  interests  of  the  peo- 
ple greatly  conserved. 

Bishop  Morris  is  also  a  publicist  of  no  mean 
ability,  his  views  on  various  social  and  economic 
problems  often  appearing  in  the  public  prints, 
where  they  always  command  the  respect  of  the 
most  considerate  and  intelligent  of  our  people. 
So  diversified- are  his  acquirements,  and  so  widr 
has  been  the  theater  of  his  work,  and,  withal, 
so  long  has  he  borne  the  chief  burden  of  ad- 
ministering the  aff'airs  of  this  important  de- 
nomination in  Oregon,  that  he  is  rightfully 
ranked  not  only  among  the  leading  ministers, 
but  as  one  of  the  representative  men  of  the 
State. 

Archbishop  Blanchit. — The  history  of  Ore- 
gon cannot  be  written  without  many  allusions 
to  the  presence  and  operations  of  the  lioman 
Catholic  Church  since  1838,  when  the  gentle- 
man whose  name  is  at  the  head  of  this  article 
entered  the  country  as  the  founder  of  the  work 
of  that  church,  until  the  present  time.  From 
that  time  nntil  the  day  of  his  deat'  he  stood 
forth  in  public  esteem  as  the  man  v  lo  best  and 
most  embodied  in  himself  the  purposes  and 
work  of  Roman  Catholicism  in  Oregon.  Our 
purpose  here  is  in  no  sense  to  discuss  Catholi- 
cism, but,  recognizing  its  prominent  and  influen- 
tial place  in  the  social  and  ecclesiastical  world, 
identify  its  most  representative  man  in  found- 
ing its  work  and  disseminating  its  principles 


iHi 


niSTOUY    OF   OKEGON. 


tliroiiglioiit  tlie  country.     Without  doubt  that 
man  wiis  Archbitihop  I'lanchit. 

Tliure  lias  never  been  a  more  zealous  and 
active  ecclesiastic  in  Oregon  than  this  gentle- 
man, lie  came  to  the  country  under  the 
auspices  of  the  JJudson's  J]ay  Company,  and 
spent  some  years  in  Indian  mission  work  and 
in  relif^ious  work  connected  with  the  lludscni's 
l!ay  posts.  At  the  time  of  the  organization  of 
the  i'rovisionnl  jjovernment  he  was  the  leader 
of  tlie  opposition  to  it  among  the  French  Ca- 
nadian citizens,  who  were  almost  entirely  retired 
servants  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company.  As 
the  population  of  tiie  country  increased  and  the 
work  of  his  church  became  more  important,  he 
was  nitide  first  bishop,  and  then  archbishop  by 
the  I'ope  of  Koine,  and  for  many  years  e.\er- 
cised  tlie  highest  ecclesiastical  functions  of  his 
church  on  the  northwest  coast. 

Mr.  Hhinchit  was  a  Frenclinian  and  in  his 
relations  to  the  American  population  of  Oregon 
labored  under  the  disadvantage  of  never  be- 
coming able  to  speak  the  English  language  with 
much  fluency,  although  his  education  wasof  •■'le 
h.ighest  order.  lie  was  a  small  man,  very  quiet 
and  undemonstrative  in  manner,  and  low  and 
gentle  in  speech,  but  a  man  of  far  reaching  sa- 
gacity in  the  administration  of  the  affairs  of  his 
Ijroad  and  important  see.  Very  few  men  ever 
Jived  who  were  more  indifferent  to  personal 
discomforts  and  perils  when  the ,  work  of  his 
church  or  the  sense  of  duty  within  him  called 
him  to  exposure  and  toil.  Loyola  himself  could 
not  have  been  more  resolute  and  unyielding 
than  was  this  small,  gentle  man  when  a  pur- 
pose called  him.  It  was  these  elements  that 
signalized  his  leadership  of  his  church,  and  won 
to  him  the  attention  of  the  public,  in  spite  of 
the  discounts  of  his  nativity,  of  which  we  have- 
spoken,  and  made  liim  for  so  many  years  the  one 
leading  figure  of  his  church  in  Oregon. 

The  wisdom  of  his  administration  of  the 
trusts  committed  to  him  is  seen  in  the  many 
and  prosperous  educational  institutions  of 
Catholicism  in  Oregon,  antl  in  her  hospitals  that 
open  their  well-endowed  gates  to  the  sick  and 
unfortunate  among  us. 

Mr.  I.lanchit,  besides  being  the  ecclesiastical 
confidant  and  adviser  of  Dr.  McLoughlin,  was 
his  special  persotial  friend  and  companion.  The 
writer  has  often  seen,  in  early  years,  the  giant 
form  of  the  Doctor  and  the  almost  lilliputian 
frame  of  the  Archbishop  walking  side  by  side 
upon    the  streets  of  Oregon  City,  where  they 


both  resided,   and   where  they  sleep   in   death, 
side  by  side. 

RKPUKSKNTATIVK    LAWVKKS. 

There  are  so  many  eminent  men  in  the  legal 
fraternity  in  Oregon,  and  of  such  nearly  equal 
eminence,  that  it  would  be  hard  to  designate 
any  one  who  should  stand  as  the  type  and  rep- 
resentative of  them  all.  They  being  also  es- 
sentially public  men,  some  necessary  notice  of 
many  of  them  has  been  given  in  the  course  of 
our  history.  We  have  thought  therefore  that  a 
grouping  of  the  namesof  some  of  these  who  have 
done  most  most  to  render  that  most  luniorable 
profession  illustrious  in  Oregon,  would  l)etter  fit 
historic  justice,  than  to  confine  our  remarks  to 
any  single  name,  however  illustrious  that  name 
might  be. 

It  would  hardly  be  expected  that  we  should 
claim  any  very  exceptional  brilliancy  for  the 
Oregon  bar,  Ixjcause  great  ability  is  found  in 
that  profession  everywhere.  But  there  have 
been  some  men  here  who  have  won  a  fame  that 
is  much  wider  than  the  limits  of  their  State. 
Probably  the  two  men,  who,  in  all  the  history  of 
the  judiciary  of  Oregon,  have  done  most  to 
render  it  illustrious  are  Hon.  M.  P.  Deady  and 
Hon.  George  II.  Williams.  Perhaps  the  fame 
of  the  first  named  is  most  exclusively  founded 
on  his  ability  as  a  lawyer  and  his  long  service  as 
judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for 
the  District  of  Oregon.  Mr.  Williams  has  been 
more  in  political  life,  although  his  eminence  in 
the  law  won  for  him  the  liigli  honor  of  a  nom- 
ination by  President  Grant  as  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  They 
both  entered  Oregon  when  young  men,  Mr. 
Deady  the  earlier,  and  have  given  long  lives  to 
the  service  of  the  State.  Men  of  great  natural 
power,  thoroughly  trained  by  culture,  and  dur- 
ing all  their  lives  entirely  above  the  breath  of 
suspicion  or  reproach,  no  men  would  wish  to 
dispute  with  tnein  the  sole  possession  of  the 
eminence  to  which  we  have  assigned  them.  As 
their  names  both  appear  elsewhere,  and  sketches 
of  their  lives  are  given,  these  general  statements 
are  all  that  are  needed  here  to  fix  their  place 
among  their  fellows.  In  the  things  that  make 
up  the  history  of  a  State  no  names  would  ap- 
pear more  prominently  in  the  history  of  Oregon 
than  of  these  two  gentlemen,  and  the  bar  of  the 
State  could  not  bnt  feel  honored  in  recognizing 
them  as  the  fittest  representatives  of  their  noble 
profession. 


ararojiY  of  onKnotr. 


488 


It  is  proper  that  we  say  of  Mr.  Deady  since 
lie  is  the  only  justice  of  tiio  United  States  Dis- 
trict Court  ttiat  Oregon  has  ever  liad,  tiiat,  dur- 
ing tlie  period  of  thirty-fonr  years  in  which  he 
has  served  in  that  elevated  station,  lie  has  won 
a  reputation  second  to  no  man  in  that  great 
tribunal.  He  has  impressed  Iiimself  more 
strongly  on  the  jurisprudence  of  the  State  than 
any  other  man,  and  his  decisions  are  quoted  as 
widely  and  with  as  much  respect  as  are  those  of 
any  other  man. 

A  history  of  the  judiciary  of  Oregon  would 
require  a  volume.  We  can,  therefore,  give  such 
a  sketch  as  may  serve  to  vindicate  its  character, 
and  show  some  of  the  personal  forces  that 
molded  into  form  the  conditions  of  the  now 
prosperous  State. 

The  judiciary  of  the  Provisional  Government 
was  limited,  both  as  to  ])ersonnel  and  service. 
There  was  nothing  in  the  new  and  distant  West 
to  induce  the  emigration  of  gentleman  learnoil 
in  the  law  into  it,  and  so  at  the  organization  of 
that  Government,  in  1843,  a  gentleman,  Mr. 
A.  E.  Wilson,  who  wr^  not  a  lawyer  at  all,  was 
chosen  "  Supreme  Judge,  with  probate  powers." 
At  the  first  election  in  1844,  Ira  L.  uabcock, 
an  intelligent  physician,  who  had  been  connect- 
ed with  the  Methodist  mission,  was  elected  Cir- 
cuit Judge,  and  he  was  succeeded  l)y  J.  W. 
Nesmith  in  1845.  Though  Mr.  Nesmith  after- 
ward filled  80  large  a  part  in  Oregon  political  his- 
tory, at  this  time  he  was  probably  only  fitted 
for  judicial  positions  by  a  naturally  strong  intel- 
lect, and  a  ready,  even  if  caustic,  wit.  The 
Pi'ovisional  Legislature  in  1845  elected  Peter 
H.  Burnett,  Supreme  Jndge  with  appellate  jnris- 
diction  only.  Mr.  Burnett  was  a  lawyer,  and 
had  practiced  some  years  as  such,  in  Missouri. 
He  was  the  ablest  lawyer  in  Oregon  at  that 
time.  He  administered  the  office  of  Supreme 
Jndge  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  people,  nnder 
the  Provisional  Government,  and  was  elected  to 
a  corresponding  position  in  1848,  nnder  the 
Territorial  organization,  but  declined  the  posi- 
tion, went  to  California,  and  was  made  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Tribunal  there,  and  at  the  organ- 
ization of  that  State  was  elected  its  first  Gov- 
ernor. 

The  first  lawyers  admitted  to  practice  before 
the  Supreme  Courts  of  Oregon  were,  W.  G. 
T.  Vault,  A.  L.  Lovejoy  and  Cyrus  Olney, 
names  intimately  connected  with  early  Oregon 
history. 

With  the  organization  of  the  Territorial  Gov- 


ernment in  1849,  the  functions  of  the  former 
courts  ceased,  and  judges  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent took  their  place.  Some  of  tlle^^t^  were  very 
able  men.  They  were  mostly  young,  ambitious, 
and  several  of  them  reached,  8ul)se(juently,  iiigli 
positions,  and  e-xerted  a  great  intluonce  on  the 
history  of  Oregon.  This  was  especially  true 
of  Juilge  William  Strong,  who  reached  the 
country  in  1850,  under  the  aiipointnieut  of 
President  Taylor,  and  who  was  one  of  the  most 
im|)osing  legal  figures  of  the  coast  for  more  than 
thirty  years.  It  was  at  this  period  that  the  names 
of  M.  P.  Deady  and  George  H.  Williams 
first  appear  as  judges,  under  the  commission  of 
President  Pierce,  and  some  practicing  attorneys 
of  large  ability  were  mingling  in  the  forensic 
fray.  One  name  particularly,  is  entitled  to 
mention  for  the  large  place  he  filled  for  many 
years  in  the  legal  and  political  history  of  the 
State,  that  of  David  Logan. 

He  was  the  son  of  Judge  Logan,  of  Spring- 
field, Illinois,  for  years  a  legal  partner  with  Mr. 
Lincoln.  As  a  jury  lawyer  Logan  has  prol)ably 
never  been  equaled  in  tlie  State.  He  held  his 
position  as  such  until  his  death,  and  during  all 
the  twenty  years  of  his  life  in  Oregon,  he  was 
considered  the  ablest  representative  of  the  bar 
of  Oregon.  Amory  Holbrook  was  also  a  sig- 
nal figure  at  the  bar,  as  well  as  in  political  life, 
but  he  died  too  early  to  enable  him  to  make  the 
impression  on  the  State  that  he  otherwise  might 
have  made. 

In  1848  lieuben  P.  Boise  was  appointed  As- 
sociate Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Oregon, 
and  on  the  admission  of  Oregon  as  a  State  in 
1859,  he,  with  M.  P.  Deady,  R.  E.  Stratton  and 
A.  E.  Wait,  were  elected  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  Deady  in  the  meantime  having  been 
appointed  United  States  District  Judge,  did  not 
qualify,  and  P.  P.  Prim  was  selected  in  his 
place. 

Mr.  Wait  was  a  New  England  man,  who  had 
come  to  Oregon  at  an  early  day.  He  had  great 
suavity  of  manner,  was  quiet  and  unpretentious, 
but  proved  an  able  jurist,  and  reached  a  posi- 
tion of  great  influence  in  the  State.  His  term 
of  service  on  the  bench  does  not  entitle  him  to 
the  place  of  a  representative  jurist,  but  for  his 
general  character  and  his  service  to  the  State  in 
many  particulars,  Mr.  Wait  is  justly  entitled  to 
the  distinction  of  being  called  a  representative 
man.  R.  E.  Stratton  was  a  young  man  of  fine 
character  and  brilliant  talents.  His  personal 
appearance    was    most   engaging   and    he    was 


■1S4 


HISTORY    OF   OHKnON. 


rapidly  rising  into  a  controlling  place  in  public 
rcganl,  l)Ut  tlied  licfore  the  years  had  ripened 
him  to  liiB  fullest  powers. 

Keuhen  1'.  I'oise,  next  to  Judge  Deady, 
nerved  lon<^est  on  tlie  bench  of  any  Oregon 
juribt,  and  perlia])8  next  to  hiin  wielded  the 
widest  inHneiiee  as  such.  lie  also  was  a  New 
Hnglaud  man,  a  thoroughly  trained  lawyer, 
witii  a  calm  and  clear  judicial  mind,  and  wore 
the  ermine  of  the  bench  as  thonrrh  he  was  born 
to  tliat  estate.  After  a  length  and  brilliance  of 
ser\  ice  that  evidenced  his  rare  qualiticutions  for 
the  place  he  held,  he  retired  from  it  in  1892, 
ludding  the  confidence,  almost  the  veneration, 
of  the  ]ieo]>ie  of  Oregon. 

Among  the  typical  jurists  who  have  held  a 
place  on  the  bt-nch  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Oregon,  the  name  of  E.  D.  Shattuck  stands 
prominent.  Like  i[r.  IJoiso  he  is  a  New  En- 
glauder,  and  came  to  Oregon  in  1851,  engaging 
lor  a  time  in  teaching.  He  afterward  formed  a 
partnership  with  J)avid  J^ogan  in  the  practice 
of  law,  to  which  he  had  been  educated,  where 
he  won  a  sery  high  reputation  for  his  solid 
judgment  and  judicial  discrimination.  His 
way  to  the  bench  was  natural  and  easy,  and  so 
satisl'act(jry  have  been  his  services  there  that 
often  the  political  party  opposed  to  him  decline 
to  enter  a  can<liilate  against  him.  lie  still,  in 
1893.  occuj)ies  his  distinguished  place  upon  the 
bench,  and  receives  the  unbounded  confidence 
of  the  people. 

Besides  these  men  there  has  been  a  long  list 
of  names  connected  with  the  judiciary  of  the 
State:  but  few,  if  any  others,  served  long 
enough  in  that  position  to  secure  to  themselves 
great  reputations  of  as  jurists.  Many  of  them 
were  quite  ^'.blc  men,  but  not  distinguished 
above  the  general  average  of  the  bar  over  which 
they  presided.  As  it  would  be  impossible  for 
us  to  name  all,  we  think  it  best  only  to  name 
those  most  clearly  representative  in  eminence 
and  length  of  service. 

As  Oregon  grew  in  population  and  wealth,  it 
naturally  advanced  in  the  learning  and  ability 
of  its  bar,  but  the  list  of  those  who  distinguished 
themselves  in  law  or  politics  would  extend  into 
the  hundreds,  and  though  a  full  history  of  the 
bench  and  bar  of  Oregon  would  require  its  in- 
sertion, our  purpose  does  not,  and  the  names  of 
a  few,  representatives  of  their  class,  must 
ButSce. 

Among  the  men  who  have  grown  up  in 
Oregon  and   secured  eminent  positions  at  the 


bar,  may  be  instanced;  C.  H.  Hettinger,  Raleigh 
Stott,  C.  li.  Watson,  J.  O.  Moreland,  G.  If. 
Durkham,  AI.  C  (Jeorge,  W.  I.,air  Hill,  Richard 
Williams  and  >) .  I'.  Waldo,  who  fairly  represent 
a  very  large  class  of  able  and  acc(jmpli8hed 
gentlemen,  whose  character  antl  life  are  an 
honor  to  the  State. 

In  closing  our  sketch  of  representative  law- 
yers, we  ought  to  say  that  for  a  high  average  of 
moral  character,  the  bar  of  the  State  has  nlways 
been  remarkable.  Among  the  leading  attorneys 
are  many  who  are  among  the  most  active  sup- 
porters of  all  the  benevolences  of  the  (by,  and 
occupy  leading  places  in  work  of  the  various 
churches,  and  very  few  indeed,  from  (he  first, 
have  brought  dishonor  upon  themselvef,  or  dis- 
credit upon  their  profession  by  auy  moral 
failures. 


F.  KXOX,  a  hardware  merchant  of  Cot- 
tage (irove,  was  born  in  Schuyler  county, 
*  Missouri,  in  1845.  His  parents,  Samuel 
B.  and  Cynthia  (Stockton)  Knox,  wore  natives 
of  Ivcntucky  aiul  Tennessee,  respectively.  Emi- 
grating to  Missouri  in  1843, Mr.  Knox  followed 
farming  until  1853,  when  with  his  wife  and  ten 
children  he  started  for  Oregon.  His  outfit  con- 
sisted of  four  wagons,  sixteen  yoke  of  o.xeii, 
100  head  of  loose  cattle  and  several  fine  mares. 
The  trij)  was  sticceasfully  accomplished,  losing 
very  few  cattle,  and  landing  in  the  AVillamette 
valley,  by  the  Barlow  route,  in  September. 
Spending  the  first  winter  at  Lebanon,  in  the 
spring  of  1854  he  came  to  Lane  county  and 
bought  a  claim  of  160  acres,  two  miles  east  of 
Cottage  Grove,  to  which  he  afterward  added 
more  than  a  thousand  acres.  He  engaged  in 
the  live-stock  trade,  and  made  a  specialty  of 
raising  fine  horses.  In  1876  Mrs.  Knox  died 
and  he  divided  his  property  among  his  children, 
with  whom  he  is  passing  the  closing  years  of 
his  life.  O.  F.  Knox  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  at  Willamette  University  and  at 
Monmouth  College,  Polk  county,  where  he 
graduated  in  1871.  He  lived  with  his  parents 
until  1873,  when  he  was  married  in  Polk 
county  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Churchill,  who  was 
also  a  graduate  of  Monmouth  College  and  a 
daughter  of  William  Churchill,  pioneer  of  1851. 
After  marriage  Mr.  Knox  settled  upon  his  farm 
of  370  acres,  one  mile  east  of  Cottage  Grove. 


UI8T0UY    OV    OHBUON. 


48B 


and  oiif^aged  in  fanning  and  the  raisiiij?  of  live- 
stock, kt'e|iiny  Cotswold  aheop,  f<;raded  lIolKtein 
cuttle  and  a  tine  breed  of  lioi'seH.  (Jf  ids  farm 
twelve  (lercH  are  in  hops,  100  acres  in  grain  and 
the  liaianco  is  in  pasture  land.  In  1881  lie 
rented  liis  farm  and  embarked  in  the  butcherinfj; 
business  at  (Jottage  (Jrove,  winch  he  t'ollov^-a 
lor  five  years.  lie  then  retired  until  1890, 
wiien  he  formed  a  co-partnership  with  I.  M. 
White  and  opened  a  store  for  the  sale  of  stoves, 
tin  and  hardware,  which  he  still  conducts. 

VLy.  and  Mrs.  Knox  are  the  parents  of  six 
children:  Mamie,  J.ottie,  Koy,  Duke,  Lizzie  and 
Frank.  Mr.  Knox  is  a  member  of  the  Knights 
of  I'j'thias,  is  the  present  Mayor  of  (Jottage 
(irove  and  is  a  representative  citizen  of  the 
commonwealth. 


— ^^€(PI"!^ 


•^ 


iSCAli  1'.  ADAMS,  a  well-known  resident 
of  (Jottairo  Grove,  was  born  in  Tioga 
county,  i'ennsylvania,  in  1828,  a  son  of 
Isaac  and  Sophronia  (Lydda)  Adams,  natives  of 
New  York  and  Vermont  respectively.  His 
parents  removed  to  Pennsylvania  about  1826 
and  rennnned  there  until  1834,  when  they  wont 
to  Tecuniseh,  Michigan.  There  were  thirteen 
children  in  the  family,  Oscar  P.  being  the  eld- 
est. He  attended  the  district  school  during  the 
winter  and  in  the  summer  he  assisted  his  father 
on  the  farm.  In  185-1  he  left  his  homo  and 
friends  and  started  across  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
l)aying  850  to  John  II.  Stevens  to  be  taken, and 
doing  service  in  addition.  They  went  via  the 
IJarlow  route  and  arrived  at  Foster's  September 
12.  Air.  Adams  then  went  to  southern  Oregon 
in  the  fall  of  1854.  In  the  spring  of  1855  he 
was  engaged  by  the  United  States  Government 
as  head  packer  during  the  Indian  war,  as  he 
had  no  gun.  He  carried  Hour  from  Bear  creek 
mills  to  the  quartermaster  wherever  located. 
He  first  commenced  mining  in  the  fall  of  1854 
at  Althouse,  and  mined  there  until  the  Indian 
war  broke  out  in  1855.  After  the  Indian  war 
was  closed  he  came  back  to  Althouse  in  1856 
and  mined  thereuntil  1858.  He  then  returned 
to  the  Willamette  valley,  and  in  partnership 
with  A.  II.  Spare  he  purchased  640  acres,  a 
portion  of  which  became  the  town  site  of  Cot- 
tage Grove. 

Mr.   Adams  was  married  in    1861,  to  Miss 
Mary    Elizabeth    Saylor,   daughter  of    Sydney 


Saylor,  a  pioneer  of  1863.  Settling  upon  a 
ranch,  his  chief  iuterests  have  been  in  agri- 
culture. He  has  made  frequent  tri])s  to  the 
mountains  to  pass  a  summer  in  prospecting, 
never  having  lost  his  old  love  for  mining.  In 
1876  he  discovered  the  (Jinmibar  mines  in  the 
Calipoosa  inoiintains,  and  in  1890  he  located 
the  (Jphir  and  Summit  gold  quart/  claims  in 
the  Bohemia  mining  district,  which  show  rich 
prospet^ts  and  which  are  now  being  developed. 
The  partnership  with  Mr.  Spare  was  dissolved 
in  1864  and  the  land  divided,  Mr.  Adams  re- 
taining 120  acres.  The  death  of  Mrs.  Adams 
occurred  June  30,  1870.  She  left  a  family  of 
six  children:  Levica  II.,  wifeof  (3harles  Viles; 
Mary  A.,  wife  of  George  Ilollay;  Lucy  M.; 
Lydia  S.,  wife  of  (^harles  Van  Bureii;  Theo- 
docia,  wife  of  Frank  Cathcart;  Hattie,  wife  of 
Wilbur  McFarland.  Mr.  Adams  was  married 
again  November  23,  1873,  to  Miss  Minerva 
Cromwell. 

He  is  a  member  of  Cottage  Grove  Lodge, 
IMo.  51,  A.  F.  i&  A.  M.  He  has  been  actively 
interested  in  Republican  politics,  but  has 
avoided  all  connection  with  public  office,  pre- 
ferring the  duties  of  his  farm  and  other  private 
enterprises. 


fj.  N  EUBURG,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  is  one 
of  the  many  respectable,  industrious  and 
<*  successful  citizens  Germany  has  furtiished 
the  United  States  to  embark  successfully  in  all 
the  professions  and  enterprises  of  the  country 
and  who  have,  everywhere,  distinguished  them- 
selves as  gf  I  citizens.  Peter  Joseph  Neuburg 
was  born  "  L  ussia,  Germany,  June  20,  1842, 
of  German  parents.  They  were  artisans  in 
Germany.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1855,  then  in  his  thirteenth  year  and  proceeded 
to  Wisconsin  and  there  resided  until  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  civil  war.  After  the  war  had 
progressed  for  some  time  and  the  ranks  had 
been  broken  by  losses  in  battle,  the  demand  for 
men  to  replenish  the  veteran  regiments  became 
so  great  that  he  enlisted  in  the  Third  Volunteer 
Minnesota  Regiment,  Company  E.  He  was  at 
the  battle  of  Pine  Bluff  and  at  Duval's  Bluff 
and  did  considerable  scouting  after  the  bush- 
whackers and  would  hr.ve  done  more  fighting 
if  it  had  been  in  his  department.  He  performed 
every  duty  faithfully.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged July  28,   1865,  and   returned  to  Wis- 


4S(J 


nrsTonr  of  ohkoos. 


cousin  anil  nngii^ed  in  l'inii)uring  at  (3liippewa 
Falls,  WiscDnsin  htk!  in  1875  ho  heeaino  enj^aged 
in  jobbing  and  thu  ne.\t}'oar  went  to  (,'alifornia 
anil  engaged  in  a  HaHJ.  and  door  inannfactory  at 
Oliicago.  In  1S77  lie  came  to  I'ortlaiid  and 
from  there  to  Sa'-jin  and  was  engaged  in  a  Haw- 
mill  for  three  vears.  He  ten  returned  to  I'ortlanil 
and  o|)ened  'lis  present  inorohandise  ImsineHs  in 
which,  by  close  attention  to  business,  he  has  mot 
with  deserved  succeBS.  His  business  is  located 
at  No.  305  Sixteenth  street,  where  he  enjoys  a 
nice  retail  tiide. 

Mr.  Neubirg  was  married  in  18tt7,  to  Miss 
Frances  M.  Ilavland  of  Pennsylvania  and  the 
daughter  of  Unjhard  Ilavland.  They  have  had. 
six  children,  three  of  whom  are  living:  Annie, 
wife  of  Charles  Conroy;  (Jelia  married  Henry 
I'arrott  of  East  Portland  and  Minnie  is  attend- 
ing school.  Mr.  Neuburg  joined  the  G.  A.  li. 
in  1883,  Governor  Wright  Post,  and  has  held  the 
office  of  Surgeon  in  same.  He  is  a  member  of 
A.  ().  U.  W.,  and  has  been  Financier  of  the 
lodge  for  two  years.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
politics.  Having  invested  in  Portland  city 
property  he  has  made  money  in  that  direction 
and  he  is  interested  in  all  the  otficos  of  the 
coinity,  is  a  self-made  man  and  is  deserving 
citizen  of  Portland. 

[IIEODOIIEC.  THORP.— Our  subject,  a 
pioneer  of  1844  and  a  prominent  citizen 
of  Independence,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
Clay  county,  Missouri,  March  9,  1829.  His 
father,  John  Thorp,  was  born  in  Kentucky,,  in 
1797,  and  the  father  of  the  latter  was  an  Eng- 
lisiiman,  whose  Christiiin  name  was  William. 
John  was  a  soldier  in  the  w,.i>'  of  1812,  having 
enlisted  when  but  sixteen  years  old,  and  serving 
until  the  close.  His  wife,  Lucy  Embree,  was 
the  mother  of  seven  children  and  died  in  1832. 
Her  liusband  did  not  marry  again.  The 
latter,  in  1844,  joined  an  overland  party  for 
Oregon,  taking  with  him  four  sons  the  wife 
of  one  of  the  sons;  a  daughter  with  her 
husband  and  a  single  daughter.  The  train, 
consisting  of  thirty  wagons,  filled  with  friends 
and  neighbors,  with  their  eifects,  left  Council 
Bluffs  in  May,  being  the  first  wagon  train  to 
cross  North  of  the  Platte  river.  The  journey 
proved  a  sate  and  even  an  enjoyable  one,  ending 
in    April,    1845,   when   John    and   his   family 


readied  I'olk  county;  although  toward  the  end, 
j)ri)vi8ions  became  somewhat  scarce.  After 
arriving  at  the  Dalles  the  way  was  easy,  the 
effects  being  placed  upon  rafts  ami  floated  down 
the  river  as  far  as  the  Cascades,  around  which 
the  goods  were  hauled  and  then  reconveyed  to 
the  rafts,  when  the  cattle  were  driven  down  the 
mountains  along  the  trail,  some  of  the  [)arty 
coming  down  in  a  boat. 

The  i>arty  reached  Linton  in  October  and 
from  thence  proceeded  in  their  wagons  to  the 
Tualatin,  where  Jo  Meek  was  located,  about 
twelve  miles  south  of  the  present  site  of  the  city 
of  Portland.  When  they  reached  Polk  county, 
in  April,  1845,  the  father  of  our  subject  took  a 
claim  five  miles  south  of  Lidopendeiice,  while 
the  eldest  son,  E.  A.,  located  a  claim  upon 
which  North  Independence  has  since  been 
built.  The  four  yoke  of  oxen  and  four  cows 
with  whicli  they  started  had  been  brought 
through  in  safety,  and  with  these  and  a  few 
Cayuse  horses,  they  were  prepared  for  farming. 
The  father  first  built  a  little  log  house,  whicli 
was  displaced  in  the  following  year  by  a  more 
pretentious  one  of  hewn  logs.  Upon  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  California  the  father,  and  his 
sons  E.  A.,  and  T.  C,  our  subject,  went  there, 
mining  tirst  at  Hangtown  and  with  their  knives 
alone  took  out  $12  a  day  each.  Moving  thonco 
to  the  American  river,  they  prospected  a  great 
deal  an<l  mined  a  little,  taking  out  about  %)50  a 
day.  Starting  a  claim  at  Mormon  liar,  they 
drew  ont  from  $100  to  $300  a  day  each.  They 
wintered  at  Sutter's  fort  and  in  the  spring  went 
up  the  Sacramento  river  to  Shasta  and  mined 
in  gulches,  getting  about  $100  a  day  each,  on  an 
average,  when  the  father  was  taken  sick.  They 
now  had  about  ^10,000,  and  u|)on  the  father's 
advice  all  returned  to  Oregon.  As  an  evidence 
of  the  honesty  of  the  miners  it  may  be  stated 
that  the  gold  of  our  subject,  his  father's  and 
brother's,  while  they  were  mining,  stood  in  a  glass 
jar  upon  a  shelf  in  the  tent,  in  plain  sight;  and 
upon  their  homeward  journey  from  the  mines 
they  carried  it  in  leather  bags  and  made  no 
attempt  to  conceal  it. 

Upon  his  return  from  California,  our  subject 
bought  320  acres  of  land  upon  what  is  now  Fall 
City,  where  with  his  father,  in  1850,  he  erected 
a  sawmill,  in  1854,  a  flour  mill,  with  two  runs 
of  buhr  stones,  at  a  cost  of  $16,000,  being  the 
best  in  that  country.  They  conducted  it  therd 
as  long  as  it  would  pay  and  when  it  failed  to  do 
so,  removed  it  to  Dixie,  at  which   place   they 


nisroUY    OF    OHKIION. 


4»7 


rnn  it  a  few  yoaro.  It  now  forms  part  of  tlm 
mill  at  that  pliice.  I>iiriiif^  tiio  iiiiniiifr  uxcitc- 
mcnt  ii)  Uritinii  (Joliimitia,  our  siiiijeet  and  IiIh 
fatiinr  t'Mjjaj^ed  in  driving  ntuck  to  the  mines 
Hiiil  in  ttio  hard  winter,  1H(52,  they  had  200 
head;  yet  tiit^y  lost  l)iit  one,  ti>e  animalH  feeiiing 
u|)()M  the  wiiite  niiije,  whicli  flliowed  ul)ove  tiie 
unow.  Tliey  also  did  a  butcher  business  at  Van 
Winkle,  near  the  CHriiH)U  mines,  following 
niininj;,  at  the  same  time.  For  a  short  time 
they  mined  at  tiie  Hlackfoot  Mines  and  tlien 
returned  to  Orejfon,  mftkini;f  their  home  at 
liidei)underice.  The  father  took  a  very  prom- 
inent part  in  the  opening  of  the  Territory, 
serviug  twice  as  n  member  of  the  Territorial 
Lenislature.  John  Thorp  was  a  man  of  ui  eh 
luitural  strenj^lh  of  mind,  was  publiospiiited 
and  progressive.  lie  liad  hosts  ot' warm  friends 
anil  some  enemies,  this  bein^  inseparable  from 
a  position  in  which  one  must  take  the  place  of 
leader,  as  he  had  to  do  upon  so  many  occasions. 
Hut  he  was  a  man  of  honor  and  integrity,  true 
to  his  word  and  a  good  and  stanch  frieiul.  lie 
died  at  Independence,  in  1882,  being  eighty- 
livo  years  of  ago. 

Theodore  C.  Thorp,  our  subject,  was  married 
in  1857,  to  Miss  Sarah  C,  daughter  of  Israel 
Iloldgos,  a  pioneer  of  Oregon,  coining  in  1851, 
,  she  being  a  native  of  Ohio,  after  which  he  lived 
at  Fall  City  fourteen  years,  then  sold  out  and 
moved  to  Dixie  with  the  mill;  remaining  there 
four  years  he  went  to  Washington,  then  a 
Territory,  and  stayed  two  years,  engaged  in  the 
stock  business,  as  well  as  doing  some  millwright 
work,  in  which  be  is  an  expert.  lie  then,  in 
1876,  came  to  Independence  and  built  a  resi- 
dence in  North  Independence,  where  be  had 
owned  a  block  since  1858,  and  has  resided  here 
evei-  since.  His  time  since  has  been  employed 
in  building  warehouses,  doing  some  millwright 
work  and  in  lending  some  money,  living  in  an 
unostentatious  way  with  his  wife  and  only 
child,  Lilian  Oj)al,  the  wife  of  Ralph  Cothrell. 

Mr.  Thorp  is  an  earnest  friend  of  education; 
has  served  two  years  as  director  and  two  years 
as  clerk;  and  he  advocated  as  well  as  aided  in 
the  building  tf  the  Independence  school,  which 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  Oregon,  outside  of  Port 
land.  Until  of  late  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  now 
is  a  member  of  the  People's  party.  Mr.  Thorp 
has  not  taken  a  prominent  part  in  politics,  but 
has  moved  along  in  a  quiet  way,  attending  to 
his  own  affairs.  He  is  a  very  prominent  member 
of  the  Odd  Fellows,  being  a  charter  member  of 


the  lodge  at  Dalles  and  at  Independ(»nce  and  has 
been  twice  a  representative  to  the  granil  lodge. 
Mr.  Thorp  is  a  worthy  and  much  esteemed 
gentleman  and  a  representative  [)ioneer  of  the 
days  of  1844. 

fROF.  THOMAS  VAN  SCOY,  Dean  of 
the  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  of  Portland 
University,  and  Professor  of  Ancient 
Languages,  Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
White  county,  Indiana,  February  13,  1848. 

His  parents,  William  ami  Mary  (Channel) 
Van  Scoy,  were  natives  of  West  Virginia  and 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  respectively;  the  former  born 
in  1803.  the  latter  in  1808.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  Virginia  and  continued  to  reside  in  Ran- 
dolph county  until  1847.  That  year  they  re- 
moved to  White  county,  Indiana,  and  there  Mr. 
Van  Scoy  passed  the  rest  of  bis  life  engaged  in 
agricultural  jiursuits.  While  in  Virginia  he 
was  also  largely  interested  in  raising  stock,  and 
often  drove  stock  to  market  over  the  I'lue 
Ridge  mountains  to  Richmond.  On  these  tri|)s 
ho  was  accustomed  to  stop  over  night  with 
Thomas  Jefferson,  who  then  lived  in  atine  resi- 
dence on  the  summit  of  the  mountain  and 
opened  his  house  for  the  hospitality  of  strangers. 
In  later  years,  when  Jefferson  was  regarded  as 
a  great  man  and  his  was  a  household  name,  Mr. 
Van  Scoy  would  relate  many  stories  to  his  family 
around  the  fire  on  winter  evenings  about  the 
kindness  and  peculiarities  of  Jefferson.  Of  the 
fourteen  children  comprising  the  family  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Van  Scoy,  all  lived  to  maturity  except 
one.  Thomas  is  the  youngest  of  this  large 
family.  Uewas  seven  years  old  when  his  father 
entered  land  for  the  boys  in  Iowa,  to  which 
place  the  family  removed  in  1835.  Being  dis- 
satisfied with  life  on  the  frontier,  the  parents, 
after  five  years'  residence  in  Iowa,  returned  to 
Indiana,  taking  with  them  the  three  younger 
children. 

On  a  farm  in  Indiana  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  reared,  attending  the  district  schools 
in  winter  and  the  rest  of  the  year  working  hard 
in  helping  bis  father  improve  the  farm.  Thus 
was  his  time  spent  until  he  was  eighteen.  In 
March,  1865,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Com- 
pany I,  One  Ilnndreth  and  Fiftv-fourtb  Regi- 
ment of  Indiana  Volunteers,  an({  the  following 
year  spent  in  guard  duty  in  the  Shenandoah 
valley.     Three  of    his   older   brothers,  Aaron, 


488 


HISTORY    OF    OKKGON. 


Jacol)  and  .lames,  had  enlisted  at  the  beginning 
of  the  war,  and  two  of  thuin  remained  to  be 
mustered  out  at  its  close.  Jacob  fell  with  a 
mortal  wound  in  the  battle  of  Mission  liidtre 
while  charging  the  enem}-  on  a  double-quick 
march  up  the  mountain.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  Thomas  entered  a  select  school  at  Hrooks- 
ton.  White  county,  where  he  spent  a  few  months, 
and  in  the  fall  of  18(56  he  became  a  student  in 
the  liattle  (jJround  Collegiate  Institute,  located 
where  (ieneral  Harrison  fought  the  Indians  in 
1811.  Here  he  spent  t^-o  years  pursuing  his 
studies,  and  teaching  in  the  winter  months.  He 
then  attended  Brookston  Academy  one  year,  it 
having  just  been  erected.  These  three  years  of 
study  prepared  him  to  enter  the  freshman  class 
at  the  Northwestern  University  at  Evanston. 
Illinois.  At  the  end  of  his  sophomore  year, 
although  but  twenty-three  years  of  age,  ho  was 
elected  Principal  ot  Hrookston  Academy.  He 
remained  in  ciiarge  of  this  in.stitution  for  three 
years,  after  which  he  resigned  to  continue  his 
studies  in  college.  He  graduated  at  the  North- 
western University  in  1875,  and  immediately 
thereafter  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist 
Episct)pal  Church,  receiving  an  appointment  at 
Rensselaer,  Indiana,  by  the  Northwest  Indiana 
Conference,  At  the  end  of  three  years  of 
faithful  work,  during  which  time  over  three 
liundred  were  received  into  the  church,  he  re- 
turned to  school  to  pursue  a  theological  course 
in  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  at  Evanston. 
While  attending  this  school  he  tilled  the  pulpit 
of  North  Evanston  church.  At  the  close  of  iiis 
course  and  after  passing  an  e.xamination  for 
graduation  in  theology,  a  telegram  came  from 
Salem,  Oregon,  announcing  his  election  to  the 
chair  of  Greek  in  Willamette  University. 

While  Mr.  Van  Scoy  was  in  charge  of  the 
ehnrcli  at  Rensselaer  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  iMiss  Jennie  Thomas.  His  wife  was  in  de- 
clining In^alth  at  th(*  time  this  announcement  of 
his  election  reached  him  and,  on  heraccount,  ho 
decided  to  remove  to  Oregon.  After  teaching 
the  ancient  languages  here  one  year,  he  was 
elected  ])resident  of  the  same  institution,  and 
tilled  that  lionored  position  elevtm  years.  At 
the  close  of  his  atlministration  the  school  had 
grown  from  150  students  to  495,  and  the  tinan- 
cial  condition  had  been  rendered  about  $100,- 
000  better.  In  1884,  at  the  age  of  thirty-six 
years,  the  university  of  the  Pacific  conferred 
upon  Prof.  Van  Scoy  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity. 


In  Juno,  1891,  President  Van  Scoy  tendered 
his  resignation  at  Saleir,  and  was  immediately 
elected  to  his  present  position,  the  duties  of 
which  he  lias  continued  to  perform.  His  pres- 
ent tield  has  the  promise  of  greater  results  than 
any  previous  work  of  his  life.  Here  in  tha 
heart  of  the  great  city,  at  the  commencement 
of  a  university,  which  has  risen  into  prominence, 
as  if  by  magic,  he  has  a  field  for  his  powers 
never  before  presented.  He  has  for  ten  years 
served  on  the  State  Board  of  Examiners  for 
Oregon. 

— '^^m^^^'^ —    ■ 

P|ATHANIEL  MARTIN,  who  is  engaged 
r/7  in  agricultural  pursuits  at  Royal,  Lane 
county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Martin 
county.  Indiana,  May  2,  1828.  His  father, 
.(esse  Martin,  a  Virginian  by  birth,  removed  to 
Indiana  in  his  boyhood,  and  there  grew  to  ma- 
ture years.  He  married  Mies  (!atlierine  Harris, 
and  they  continued  to  reside  there  until  1832, 
then  moved  to  Illinois,  during  which  time  he 
toUowed  farming.  In  the  year  1843  they 
moved  to  Missouri,  then  a  wi'd  country,  witli 
few  ettlers,  but  many  Indians.  Nathaniel 
Martin  remained  with  his  parents  until  1847, 
when  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Nellie  Allen.  After  this  event  he  settled  on  a 
farm  of  1(50  acres  in  Crentry  county,  Missouri. 
In  1857.  with  his  wife  and  four  chiMron,  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California;  they  experi- 
enced many  ditKculties  on  the  way,  and  much 
sickness  prevailed  among  the  company.  It  was, 
however,  their  good  fortune  to  be  just  ahead  of 
tlje  terrible  Mountain  Meadow  massacre.  They 
landed  in  Red  Bluff,  Tehama  county,  on  the 
15rh  day  of  November;  in  the  fall  of  1857  they 
pushed  on  to  the  Rogue  river  valley,  where  Mr. 
Martin  resumed  work  at  his  old  trade  of  black- 
smithing.  In  18(50  he  wont  to  Eug»"ie,  which 
was  then  a  small  village,  Hi\d  followed  his  trade 
there  for  four  years;  at  the  end  of  this  period 
he  moved  to  his  hotiiestead  north  of  Cottage 
Grove;  in  the  spring  of  the  following  year,  ho 
abandoned  this  claim  and  wont  to  Cottage 
(rrove.  where  he  went  to  work  ut  his  trade. 

The  name  Cottage  Grove  originated  with  the 
post  otHce  first  established  at  Fern  Ridge, 
twelve  miles  distant;  as  it  was  moved  from  one 
ranch  to  another,  the  name  alwayo  went  with  it. 
Mr.  Martin  became  Postmaster  upon  his  home- 
stead; in  the  spring  of  1865,  with  his  private 


NS      -- 


HISTORY    OF    OltEOON. 


489 


eft'ects,  he  moved  the  office  to  the  pre8ent  site 
of  Cottage  (ii.ive,  where  he  kept  the  office  in 
his  hl..ck8iiiitli  shop.  He  built  tlie  first  hmu- 
iiess  house  in  the  place,  and  was  the  first  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  retaining;  the  office  ten  years. 
Ill  18G8  he  bought  160  acres  of  land,  five  miles 
west  of  Cottage  Grove,  and  divided  his  time 
between  his  raticli  and  shop.  In  1874  lie  lo- 
cated permanently  upon  the  ranch,  which  he  has 
since  increased  to  215  acres. 

M  Martin  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla- 
ture by  the  Ilepublican  party  in  1872,  and 
served  one  term,  dischariring  his  duties  with 
marked  iibility.  The  summer  of  1873  was  spent 
on  a  (TGveriiinent  Siirvey  in  Lake  county.  In 
1884  he  was  iiustrumental  in  liavinff  a  post 
office  liicated  at  his  ranch,  called  Royal,  and  he 
has  continued  in  charge  as  postmaster. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  are  the  parents  of  seven 
children:  Willard  II.,  Jetse.  Eleanor  C,  wife 
of  A,  J.  Barlow;  John  S.,  Joel  K.,  Ulysses  S., 
Nathaniel  II.,  all  of  whom  are  married  and  set- 
tled III  life.  These  worthy  parents  were  born 
the  same  year,  in  the  same  county,  cared  for  by 
the  ^aine  nurse,  and  lived  in  the  same  commn- 
n'ty  to  the  date  of  their  marriage.  They  are 
stiil  in  the  enjoyment  of  e.xcellent  health,  and 
are  surrounded  i)y  all  the  comforts  of  the  Nine- 
teenth century  civilization. 


U)WIN  li.  IIAWES,  dealers  in  stoves,  tin, 
copper,  and  glassware,  at  Astoria,  was 
born  in  Union,  Knox  county,  Maine,  F  ' 
niary  10,  1843.  Our  subject's  father  was  bcm 
and  died  on  the  same  farm  that  was  sett!  1  by 
his  father,  at  an  early  date.  The  mother  jf  our 
subject,  Ro.xana  (Uobbins)  Ilawes,  was  a  native 
of  the  same  town  and  i.s  still  living,  at  the  ad- 
vanced ago  of  eighty-one  years. 

0  -  subject  lived  with  his  parents  until 
1803,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  R.  of  the 
Maine  Coast  Guarvls.  was  stationed  at  Fort  Mc- 
Cleary,  and  there  remained  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  After  liis  discharge  he  went  to  Port- 
land, Maine,  and  was  employed  for  a  few  years 
in  a  wholesale  drug  store. 

In  18(59  he  started  westward  and  located  at 
Mimieapoiis  and  taught  school  one  season  in 
Corcoran,  Minnesota.  The  country  was  wild 
and  but  sparsely  settled,  so  he  boarded  aronnd 
with  the  farmers,  who  occupied  log  cabins,  and 


during  his  unoccupied  moments  he  assisted  the 
farmers  with  their  books.  In  1870  Mr.  Ilawes 
came  to  Roriland,  Oregon,  and  his  first  em- 
ployment was  soliciting  subscriptions  and  ad- 
vertisements for  the  Oregon  Bulletin,  published 
by  Ben  Ilolladay.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he 
went  to  Walla  Walla,  Washington  Territory, 
and  taught  school  for  the  winter.  Returning 
to  Portland,  in  1871  he  engaged  in  the  hand- 
ling of  stoves  I  hardware,  continuing  in  that 
business  until  t\ d  :.;'r;-:.it  fire  of  1873,  when  he 
was  burned  out  r.nci  lost  everything,  but  as  he 
had  good  credit  he  immodiatelv  restocked  and 
continued  until  1875,  when  he  sold  out  and  go- 
ing to  McMinnville  purchased  tlie  stoves  and 
hardware  of  Jesse  Brandt.  In  187(5  he  again 
suffered  by  fire,  and  the  undamagcii  stock  he 
removed  to  Astoria  and  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  C  E.  Jackins,  which  firm  was  con- 
tinued for  three  years,  when  he  sold  out.  Jlr. 
Ilawes  then  built  his  present  spacious  store, 
50x95  feet,  two  stories  high,  corner  of  Second 
and  Genevieve  street.*,  and  immediately  occu- 
pied the  lower  one-half,  renting  the  other  store. 
With  increasing  business,  more  room  was  de- 
sired and,  in  1889  he  fitted  and  stocked  the 
entire  lower  floor,  with  a  general  assortment  of 
stoves,  crockery,  and  tinware,  and  he  also  car- 
ries on  plumbing  and  gasfittiiig,  and  all  its 
branches. 

Mr.  Ilawes  was  married  in  Astoria  Novem- 
ber 4,  1880,  to  Mrs.  Annie  E.  (Taylor)  Bear, 
and  they  have  had  two  children:  Lloyd  Ruth- 
ven  and  Annie  lone.  Mr.  Ilawes  is  a  member 
of  the  Blue  Lodge,  Chapter  and  Commandery, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  Beaver  Lodge,  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  and  Farragnt  Post,  G.  A.  R.  lie  has  other 
property  interests  in  Astoria,  besides  480  acres 
of  timber  land  in  Clatsoj)  county.  lie  is  a 
man  of  honest  integrity  and  his  present  success 
is  the  outcome  of  years  of  energetic  labor,  faith- 
fully performed. 

SON.  ALBERT  ALONZO  DURHAM,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1847  and  one  of  Wash- 
ington county's  most  respected  citizens, 
was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York,  March  15, 
1814.  His  ancestors  came  to  New  England 
long  previous  to  the  Revolution  and  three  of 
the  brotliers  fought  in  the  Continental  army, 
one  of  these  being  Grandfather  Josiali  Durham. 


490 


Hinronr  of  Oregon. 


|i  4 


1'  N 


Three  otliers  of  the  DiirliairiB  remained  loyal  to 
the  King  and  fonght  on  the  Kngiish  eide,  show- 
iiifr  that  at  least  tliey  had  the  courage  to  follow 
their  convictions  of  right. 

The  father  of  our  subject,  Silas  Durham,  was 
born  in  1792  in  New  York,  and  he  married 
Miss  Laura  Morse,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  a 
lady  but  a  few  months  younger  than  himself. 
They  were  blessed  with  8  family  of  live  daugh- 
ters and  five  sons,  but  three  of  the  daughters 
and  one  of  the  sons  have  died.  In  1825  they 
removed  to  the  State  of  Ohio  and  seftled  in 
Ashtabula  county,  where  our  subject,  who  was 
the  second  child,  was  reared  to  manhood.  Mr. 
J)iirhani  was  in  Flat  Hock,  New  York,  when 
the  first  canal  boat  came  through  with  General 
La  Fayette  on  l)oa>'d,  on  her  first  trip,  with  other 
prominent  men,  and  Mr.  Durham  remembers 
seeing  the  distinguished  visitors. 

Our  subject  was  mjirricd  November  0,  1836, 
to  Miss  Marianda  Almira  White,  who  was  born 
in  New  Y'^ork,  Deceml)er  6,  1814,  and  was  a 
daughter  of  John  (i.  White.  After  the  marriage 
our  subject  was  engaged  in  the  milling  business, 
both  saw  and  flour  milling,  and  also  engageii  in 
farming.  I'^ive  children  were  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Durban),  but  two  of  them  died.  April 
15,  1847,  our  subject  decided  to  make  the  start 
to  Oregon,  across  the  plains,  with  his  wife  and 
one  child.  They  continued  with  a  company  for 
a  time,  but  Mr.  Durham  became  displeased 
with  the  delays  that  were  being  made  continu- 
ally and  at  last  he  hitched  up  his  own  team, 
climbeil  into  liis  own  wagon  and  said,  "I 
started  for  Oregon,  and  I  am  going;"  and  there 
were  several  others  who  followed  his  example. 
He  had  three  yoke  of  oxen,  a  wagon,  provisions 
and  a  splendid  gun,  which  he  knew  well  how 
to  use. 

Our  subject  was  obliged  to  ford  all  of  the 
rivers  but  two,  but  came  through  safely,  arriv- 
ing October  1,  and  made  his  first  location  in 
Clackamas  county,  just  below  Oregon  City. 
Here  he  worked  at  mill  building  and  owned 
one-fourth  of  it.  In  1848  gold  was  discovered 
in  California  and  then  excitement  ran  high  and 
naturally  our  subject  felt  the  fever.  Ho  went 
overland  to  California  and  dug  for  gold  on  all 
of  the  forks  of  the  American  river,  being  very 
successful,  making  an  average  of  $300  for  every 
day  he  worked  and  on  his  best  days  he  took  out 
$800.  and  took  out  $3,600  in  twelve  days.  He 
then  returned  home  to  tix  up  his  biibiness,  pur- 
chased the  whole  of  the  mill  and   ran   it  from 


March  to  September,  when  he  sold  it  for  $19,000. 
Then  he  removed  to  Oswego  and  built  another 
mill  and  remained  there  from  1850  until  1863. 
During  this  time  he  did  a  very  large  business 
and  was  one  of  the  leading  and  most  enterpris- 
ing men  on  the  river,  but  through  the  loss  of  a 
large  steamboat  which  he  had  built  and  other 
causes,  he  met  with  reverses  and  sold  out  and 
came  to  his  present  locality. 

At  the  present  place  Mr.  Durham  has  320 
acres  with  a  saw  and  ilour  mill  and  since  he  has 
been  here  he  has  rebuilt  both  of  these  and  has 
done  a  prosperous  business.  His  son,  George 
II,,  who  crossed  the  plains  with  him  and  two 
other  sons  born  since  reaching  Oregon.  I{.  L. 
and  S.  A.,  are  living  and  are  men  of  character. 
Mrs.  Durham  is  still  spared  to  her  husband  ar'<^l 
children,  and  both  she  and  her  husband  have 
been  members  of  the  Methodist  (!hurch  for 
forty-two  years.  They  are  both  in  their  .seventy- 
eighth  year  and  are  among  the  most  worthy  and 
most  respected  of  the  pioneers  of  1847.  Mr. 
Durham  has  been  a  very  active  man  in  his  life 
and  has  jwssessed  an  invincible  courage, which  no 
adversity  could  conquer,  and  notwithstanding 
chat  he  has  retired  from  active  business,  still  he 
is  ever  at  work  and  would  not  be  well  or  satif- 
tied  without  something  to  do.  He  has  a  tine 
co?)stitution  and  looks  much  younger  than  he  is. 
In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  licpublican  and 
is  thoroughly  inforuied  on  all  affairs  of  the 
whole  country,  and  in  1800  he  was  nominated 
for  Representative  to  the  State  Legislature.  He 
was  elected  by  an  overwhelming  majority,  run- 
ning far  ahead  of  liis  ticket,  and  his  services  in 
the  Legislature  were  distinguished  by  manly 
integrity,  good  judgment  and  common  sense. 


fON.  SILAS  A.  DUIillAM,  of  Washing- 
ton county,  Oregon,  is  a  native  son  of 
Oregon,  born  at  Oswego,  October  30, 
1854.  lie  is  the  son  of  Mr.  Alonzo  Durham,- 
an  honored  Oregon  pioneer  of  1847.  Our  sub- 
ject was  the  youngest  of  the  family  of  five  chil- 
dren and  was  reared  at  Oswego  until  his  ninth 
year,  and  then  moved  with  his  father  to  his 
present  location,  where  he  has  since  continually 
resided.  He  received  his  education  at  the  high 
school  in  I'ortland  and  at  the  Pacific  University 
at  Forest  (irove.  Since  leaving  his  books  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  Hour  and 


'I'll'   '1        h 


mSTOUT    OF    OHEOON. 


401 


iiitnher,  owning  both  a  flour  and  saw  mill.  He 
owns  300  iicreii  of  land,  eigiity  of  which  is  un- 
der cultivaiion,  on  which  lie  raises  grain  and 
hops. 

Our  subject  was  married  December  25,  1877, 
to  Miss  Ella  C.  Bryant,  a  native  of  Clackamas 
county,  born  January  27,  1859,  the  daughter  of 
C.  Av.  Bryant,  a  pioneer  of  1852.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Durham  have  two  children,  Walter  A.  and 
Eiliel.  Our  subject  has  been  an  active  Repub- 
lican since  he  has  been  a  voter,  and  in  1890  he 
was  nominated  by  his  party  for  the  State  Legis- 
lature, and  in  due  time  received  an  election. 
During  his  first  term  he  belonged  to  the  Com-' 
mittees  on  Corporations  and  Indian  afi'airs,  and 
in  1892  he  was  again  elected,  showing  that  he 
has  served  his  constituents  faithfully  and  re- 
ceived their  approval. 

]\[r.  Durham  is  an  active  member  of  the  A. 
().  U.  W.  and  has  filled  the  most  of  its  offices; 
is  now  I'ast  Master  and  for  seven  years  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  is  now 
Financier  of  his  subordinate  lodge.  Our  sub- 
ject and  wife  are  lino  representativ'  leople 
among  the  native  Oreironians  and 
highly  esteemed.  He  is  a  very  intelliguL 
capable  business  man,  one  wlio  merits  and  re- 
ceives the  esteem  of  all. 


fOSIIUA  McDANIEL,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1844,  and  one  of  the  wealthiest  farmers 
in  I'olk  county,  is  a  native  of  Cumberland 
county,  Kentucky,  born  February  2,  1826,  his 
Scotch  ancestors  emigrated  to  the  Carolinasand 
were  early  settlers  there.  Ilis  father,  Wra. 
McDaniel,  was  born  in  one  of  the  Carolinas, 
September  6,  1785,  and  served  his  country  as  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  under  General  Jack- 
son. March  20,  1806,  he  married  Miss  Frances 
Embree,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  He  liad  been 
formerly  married  and  had  four  children,  their 
names  being:  Cynthia,  Robert,  Fanny  and 
Melvina;  but  losing  their  mother  by  death,  lie 
married  T.  •  his  second  wife  our  subject's  mother, 
and  by  tins  marriage  had  eight  children. 

In  1829  he  moved  to  Illinois  and  settled  at 
Mount  Sterling.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupa- 
tion and  H  believer  in  Christianity.  About  1837 
ho  moved  to  Huchanan  county,  Missouri,  where 
he  died  September  28,  1838,  his  wife  survived 
him  until  August  1(5,  1873,  when  her  death 
occurred,  at  the  home  of  her  son  Joshua,  in  Polk 


county,  Oregon.  She  was  a  faithful  wife  and 
mother,  and  in  religious  faith  a  Methodist. 
Two  sons  and  a  daughter  now  survive  these 
parents:  The  daughter  is  Mrs.  Margaret  How- 
ell, and  resides  at  Motimouth,  Oregon;  the  son, 
W.  A.  J.  McDaniel,  resides  in  Yakima  valley, 
Washington,  and  the  other  sou  is  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  In  1844  they  crossed  the  plains. 
General  Cornelius  Gilliam  svas  their  captain. 
The  Hon.  John  Minto,  Cyrus  Nelson  and  Judge 
Thomas  Shaw  were  in  the  same  company,  all  of 
whom  are  now  living.  Some  of  the  Indians  of 
the  Iowa  and  Sac  reservation  followed  the  com- 
pany west  about  twenty-five  miles,  then  stam- 
Eeded  the  cattle  after  night  and  butchered  theni 
efore  they  could  be  found  by  their  owners.  The 
Indian  agent  replaced  their  work  oxen,  so  that 
they  were  able  to  continue  their  journey.  At 
Fort  Laramie  the  Sioux  Indians  objected  to  them 
passing  through  their  country,  and  the  company 
gave  them  presents  and  they  let  them  go 
through.  After  arriving  at  the  Dalles  the  cattle 
were  left  tli'io  for  the  winter  and  the  people 
came  down  the  Columbia  river  in  boats.  They 
lauded  at  Linton.  Mr.  M<'Danifl  stopped  in 
Hie  TuMJiitin  plains  for  the  ■■•  .  two  tamilies 
occiniicil  (jiR.  little  cabin,  H  i  g  lying  across  the 
cuK  .,  oil  the  ground  i  there  lieing  no  floor)  in- 
dieatini.'  the  division  His  mother,  two  sisters, 
four  bri  ihers  and  a  b,  ick  girl  that  they  brought 
with  them  and  himself,  occupied  one  end  of  the 
little  cabin,  and  Mr.  Packv  id  and  family  oc- 
cupied the  other  Here  tiicy  spent  their  first 
winter  in  Oreg'  i;  iiaviiig  arrived  about  Decem- 
ber 15.  Hard  cssed  for  enough  to  eat,  they 
lived  principally  ujion  boiled  wheat,  parched 
wheat  and  peas  for  i^otl'ee,  their  only  meat  con- 
sisting of  about  ten  pciifids  of  pork  and  oc- 
casionally somi"  wil.'  j.,Hme  secured  from  the 
Indians. 

Mr.  McDaniel  umk  his  claim  in  Polk  county. 
His  brother  went  to  Chehaleiii  valley  with  Mr. 
Nelson  and  took  a  claim  in  1845.  He  stepiied 
oflf  1,800  good  long  steps  in  each  direction  and 
stuck  stakes  at  the  corners.  When  the  Cayuse 
war  broke  out,  which  was  caused  by  the  massa- 
cre of  Dr.  Whitman  and  wife,  and  some  of  the 
Sagers  family,  in  1847.  He  volunteered  and 
served  under  (General  C.  Gilliam  and  Captain 
John  Owens.  The  general  rendezvous  was  at 
Portland.  Then  the  army  went  up  the  river  in 
boats  and  on  horseback  over  mountain  trail  to 
the  Dalles.  Mr.  liJcDaniel  carried  the  tirst  ex- 
press sent  by  the  general  from  the  Cascades  to 


4fl2 


U I  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


iiJl 


the  Dalles  in  a  canoe  by  night,  a  distance  of 
iift}'  niiie.s,  and  was  attended  with  niucli  I'isk. 

At  the  close  of  tiio  war  Mr.  McUaiiiel  re- 
tired to  the  privacy  of  his  home  and  sold  his 
claim  to  Samuel  Hiirch  for  $B00  cash,  S3()0, 
balance  in  trade,  and  tiien  bought  u  half  section 
of  i;'8  niotlipr. 

]\[r.  McDaniel  married  Miss  Virginia  A. 
Fulkerson,  a  native  of  Missouri,  October  15, 
1848.  This  lady  was  the  daughter  of  Hon. 
James  M.  Fulkerson,  an  honored  Oregon  pioneer 
of  18-17.  She  came  from  an  old  Virginia  family, 
and  her  father  wa,'  born  in  1803,  and  her  motlier 
in  1800.  The  mother  died  when  they  were 
crossing  the  plains,  ami  ;he  was  l)uried  at(Treen 
river.  Her  father  lived  to  be  eighty-one  years 
of  age.  He  had  l)cen  a  ])romii!etit  nnm  in  Mis- 
souri, a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  was  a 
judge  in  that  State,  and  was  twice  elected  to  the 
Oregon  Legislature;  had  served  as  Commissary 
ill  the  Indian  war  in  Oregon;  was  also  a  Baptist 
niinistei  and  a  very  devoted   man. 

Mr.  McDaniel  joined  the  Baptist  Church  in 
Missouri  when  sixteen  years  old.  His  wife  was 
also  member  of  same  church,  having  joined  in 
Missouri  when  quite  young.  After  coining  to 
Oregon  Mr.  McDaniel  joined  the  Baptist 
Church  that  Ciieral  Gilham  organized,  and  of 
which  he  uas  pastor.  After  his  death  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  McDaniel  joined  the  La  Creole  Bap- 
tist (?liurcli  and  are  still  members  of  it. 

In  February,  1841).  he  went  to  the  Calfornia 
gold  mines,  and  returned  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
year,  having  had  only  moderate  success.  He 
then  liuiit  a  house  on  a  claim  he  bad  formerly 
purchased  of  his  mother.  Their  first  child  was 
born  here.  He  lived  hereabout  three  years,  and 
one  year  raised  wheat,  which  he  sold  for  five 
dollars  ])er  bushel.  The  donation  land  law 
having  passed  about  this  time,  he  sold  out  to 
Mr.  Sweeney,  as  he  could  not  get  a  section  here. 
Mr.  McDaniel  removed  to  Holmes  Crap, 
will  re  he  took  a  <lonation  claim  of  040  acres,  on 
the  prooerty  he  built 'and  lived  four  years. 
Then  be  sold  to  A.  K.  Post  for  §3,000,  and 
then  purchased  another  place,  moved  upon  it 
and  in  1859  he  purchased  560  acres  of  Afr.  H. 
M.  Waller.  On  this  latter  purchase  he  resided 
for  twenty-two  years.  Here  he  and  his  wife 
prospered  and  here  the  family  were  jiriiicipally 
reared.  From  time  to  time  he  kept  adding  to 
his  land,  until  he  owned  1,8^)0  acres,  all  in  one 
body,  1.400  acres  of  this  he  has  disjiosed  of  to 
bis  children  and   now  resides   upon   his    homo 


place  of  155  acres,  with  twenty  acres  in  timber. 
By  his  industry,  economy  and  intelligent  in- 
vestments in  land  he  has  made  his  wealtii. 
Many  acres  of  this  land  was  purchased  at  S7 
per  acre  and  brought  him  from  $30  to 
$50  jier  acre.  The  returns  from  the  rich 
Oregon  lands  have  also  contributed  to  show 
his  success.  He  now  has  lands  that  have  been 
cropped  for  forty-eight  years,  which  have  never 
been  fertilized  and  are  still  bearing  good  crops 
of  grain.  Mr.  McDaniel  has  many  relics  of  the 
days  now  gone  by,  among  which  is  a  cradle 
scythe,  which  he  purchased  in  Oregon  City, 
in  1846.  It  was  made  in  Englan<l,  was  a 
good  one  and  he  has  cut  grain  with  it  when  he 
and  Senator  Nesmitb  worked  side  by  side.  He 
also  has  in  a  goo<l  state  of  preservation,  one  of 
the  first  chairs,  with  rawhide  bottom  and  it  is  etill 
comfortable. 

Twelve  children  have  been  born  to  Afr.  and 
Mrs.  McDaniel,  nine  of  whom  were  reared  to 
maturity,  seven  of  whom  are  still  living.  In 
addition  to  these  children  they  have  thirteen 
grandchildren.  The  names  of  the  children  are: 
t);-.  W.  .1.  McDaniel,  a  physician  of  Portland; 
A.  J.  is  in  the  milling  business  in  Portland; 
Mrs.  George  Wilcox,  resides  in  McMinnville; 
Mrs.  George  White,  resides  at  Rickreal;  New- 
ton is  a  merchant  at  Dallas;  Lee  Hill  and  Holt 
are  fanners  near  him,  and  John  died  in  his 
twentieth  year:  Mary  Catharine,  James  and 
Sarah  Jane  died  in  infancy;  and  Maggie  died  in 
hi'i'  twent\  -ixth  year.  She  was  an  amiable 
young  lady,  with  great  artistic  talent  and  was 
much  beloved,  ilr.  and  Mrs.  McDaniel  are 
Ba|)tist8.  They  joined  the  First  Baptist  Church 
in  Polk  county,  which  was  organized  by  Gen-- 
eral  Gilliam,  and  Mr.  McDaniel  believes  him- 
self to  be  the  first  Mason  made  in  Polk  county. 
He  and  bis  good  wife  have  been  married  forty- 
four  years  and  she  has  been  a  most  faithful 
companion  and  helpmate  to  him  in  every  sense 
of  the  word. 

Mr.  McDaniel  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
First  National  Bank  at  IiMopendenco,  and  has 
been  a  director  and  stockholder  of  it  ever  since 
its  organization.  Notwifl. standing  that  he  has 
become  one  of  the  richest  men  in  the  country 
ho  still  evinces  the  samr  industry  ami  economy 
that  he  did  in  the  early  days  in   Oregon. 


-4»< 


f!       -H 


DISTORT    OF    OHEOON. 


493 


tOBERT  ALEXANDER  FRAME,  an  en- 
ergetic business  man  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
is  a  native  of  Edgar  count)',  Illinois,  born 
May  15,  1840.  His  fatlier,  John  Frame,  was  a 
native  of  Virginia,  and  a  descendant  of  a  fam- 
ily who  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia  and 
Kentucky,  lie  married  Miss  Margaret  IJogs- 
head,  of  Virginia.  They  had  ten  children,  of 
whom  four  are  now  living.  Mr,  Frame  was 
their  youngest  child,  and  was  raised  on  a  farm. 
IIo  studied  law  with  Colonel  Color,  of  Urbana, 
Champaign  county,  Illinois.  The  civil  war 
broke  out  just  as  Mr.  Frame  reached  maturity, 
and  he  enlisted  August  1,  1862,  in  ComJ)any 
B,  Seventy-sixth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry. 
They  went  to  Kankakee,  and  from  there  went 
to  Columbus,  and  were  in  the  ^lissisBippi  De- 
partment in  Tennessee  and  Mississippi,  and 
wore  at  the  blittles  of  Vicksburg  and  Jackson, 
and  they  went  down  the  river  and  were  stationed 
.at  Duval's  Bluff,  Arkansas.  From  there  they 
went  to  New  Orleans,  and  then  by  way  of  Mo- 
bile Bay  to  Spanish  Fort.  After  the  capture  of 
Mobile  they  went  to  Selma,  Alabama,  back  to 
Mobile,  then  on  to  Galveston,  where  they  were 
mustered  out  August  22,  1805.  Mr.  Frame 
enlisted  as  a  corporal,  but  when  the  company 
.was  organized  ho  was  made  third  Sergeant,  was 
promoted  to  First  Lieutenant,  and  lastly  was 
made  Captain  of  his  company.  During  his 
term  of  service  he  received  no  injury,  and  was 
in  active  service  all  the  time.  At  Fort  Blakely, 
in  leading  a  charge,  he  received  a  slight  flesh 
wound.  The  charge  was  made  under  most  diffi- 
cult circumstances,  but  they  carried  the  fort. 
After  the  war  he  attended  the  Union  Law  Col- 
lego  at  Chicago,  and  graduated  in  1806.  He 
K'acticed  at  Fairmount,  Illinois,  and  also  at 
anville,  Vermilion  county,  from  there  he  re- 
moved to  Kansas  City,  and  practiced  there  for 
seven  years,  lie  went  from  there  to  Virginia 
City,   Nevada,  and   engaged    in   mining  enter- 

{irises.  He  then  spent  a  short  time  in  Santa 
iosa,  California.  After  a  year  and  a  half's  stay 
there  he  went  to  Oakland,  California,  and  was 
engaged  by  II.  H.  Bancroft,  collecting  data  for 
his  Pacific  States  history.  In  1883  he  went  to 
Portland,  and  has  been  engaged  in  real-estate 
interests  and  brokerage. 

In  1888  the  Urm  of  Frame  «fe  Stowell  was 
organized,  and  they  are  now  doing  an  extensive 
brokerage  business.  Captain  Frame  has  pur- 
chased land  on  Portland  Heights,  and  has  built 
a  pleasant  residence  in  a  most  delightful  loca- 


tion, having  a  beautiful  view  of  the  sublime 
scenery  of  Oregon.  Here  he  resides  with  his 
family. 

IIo  was  married  in  December,  1880,  to  Miss 
Eliza  S.  Davis,  a  native  of  England.  They  have 
one  son,  George  Washington  Edward.  Captain 
Frame  is  a  member  of  tlie  Methodist  Church, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  G.  A. 
R. ;  while  at  Santa  Rosa,  (California,  was  Com- 
mander of  Ellsworth  Post.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can in  politics.  He  has  made  many  friends 
during  his  residence  in  Portland.       . 

S'^"i'S 


ILLIAM  BALL  GILBERT,  one  of  the 
talented  representative  members  of  the 
bar  in  Oregon,  is  esteemed  as  the  peer 
of  any  in  the  legal  profession,  in  all  that  goes 
to  make  the  good  lawyer  and  the  upright, 
honorable  gentleman.  He  had  his  birth  in 
Fairfax  county,  Virginia,  July  4,  1847.  His 
father,  John  Gilbert,  was  a  native  of  Now 
York,  and  a  descendant  of  Jacob  Gilbert,  an 
Englishman  who  came  to  the  colonies  in  their 
early  history,  receiving  a  grant  of  land  from 
the  king.  Mr.  tlohn  Gilbert  married  Miss 
Sarah  C.  Ball,  also  a  native  of  Fairfax  county, 
Virginia,  and  a  daughter  of  William  Ball,  a 
direct  descendant  of  Colonial  William  Ball,  who 
came  to  the  colonies  at  or  about  the  time  that 
Lord  Fairfax  did,  and  was  engaged  in  survey- 
ing Fairfax  county  for  Lord  Fairfax,  he  having 
received  a  grant  of  the  county  of  Fairfax  for 
his  services.  Her  father  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  fought  in  the  battle  of  Blad- 
ensburg. 

Mr.  Gilbert,  the  second  in  a  family  of  six, 
was  brought  up  in  his  native  county  until  the 
great  civil  war  broke  out,  when  his  father, 
being  a  Union  man,  removed  to  Ohio.  There- 
after the  youth  completed  his  education  in 
William's  College,  graduating  in  1808.  Then 
he  took  a  law  course  at  the  Michigan  State 
University,  graduating  therein  in  1872;  but  in 
the  meantime  he  spent  two  years  in  the  geo- 
logical survey  of  Ohio. 

In  1874  he  camo  to  Portland  and  began  his 
law  practice,  which  he  has  ever  since  continued, 
with  gratifying  success.  For  the  first  two 
years  here  he  was  in  partnership  with  II.  II. 
Northup;  from  1876  to  1879  he  was  in  part- 
nership with  e,\  Governor  Gibbs,  and  after  this 


81 


404 


n  I  STORY    OF    OREQON. 


r'-d 


he  renewed  liis  partnership  witli  Mr.  Northiip, 
and  tliis  rehitioii  lasteil  until  1884,  when  lie 
turnied  a  partiiershij)  with  John  M.  Gearin, 
which  continned  till  1889.  since  which  time  he 
has  iiad  for  a  partner  Mr.  Snow, —  the  Hrin 
being  C4ilbert  &  Snow. 

In  1889  Mr.  Gilbert  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  on  the  Kepublican 
ticket,  to  which  party  he  has  Iielonged  ever 
since  he  became  a  voter.  His  father  and  his 
grandfather  on  his  motlier's  side  were  Whigs, 
and  voted  against  secession,  which  was  trne  of 
a  majority  of  the  citizens  of  Fairfax  county. 
Mr.  (iiibert  liiis  just  received  his  commission  as 
United  States  Circuit  .ludge.  Mr.  (rilbert  was 
married  in  1873.  to  Miss  Julia  W.  Jjndsley,  a 

native  of  Wisconsin,  and  they  have  live  chil- 
dren, all  natives  of  Portland. 

-^|H«f-|«-- 


jKS.  NIRA  C.  B.  KELLY,  one  of  Ore- 
(AVftK  iron's  UKist  worthy  pioneers,  was  born 
••5^^^  in  Athens  county,  Ohio,  February  3, 
1810.  She  came  of  English  ancestry.  Her 
grandfather,  Silas  J>ingham,  was  a  soldier  in 
tile  lievolution.  and  her  father,  Silas,  Jr.,  was 
i)orn  in  Itutland,  Vermont,  April  11,  1792. 
ller  mother's  name  was  Martha  Cranston,  a 
native  of  Rhode  Island.  One  l)ranch  of  the 
Cranston  family  can  trace  back  the  line  from 
which  descended  the  present  royal  family  of 
England.  ^Irs.  Kelly,  however,  takes  no  par- 
ticular pride  in  that  fact,  nor  need  she,  because 
her  own  life  as  an  Oregon  pioneer  has  been  as 
heroic  as  has  England's  honored  queen. 

She  was  raised  and  educated  in  her  native 
town,  and  when  nineteen  years  of  age  moved  to 
Kentucky,  and  there  met  the  Kev.  Albert  Kel- 
ly, then  a  talented  young  member  of  the  Ken- 
tucky Methodist  Episcopal  Conference.  They 
were  married  May  19,  1887.  He  was  \m,v\\  Id 
Pulaski  county,  Kentucky,  of  north  of  Ireland 
ancestry,  who  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia. 
They  were  a  Methodist  family,  opposed  to 
slavery,  and  Mr.  Kelly  gave  the  first  vote  in 
the  Kentucky  Conference  against  dividing  the 
Methodist  Church  on  the  slavery  question  (the 
Kentucky  Conference  being  the  first  conference 
to  vote  on  the  subjects  He  thought  that  if  the 
church  was  divided,  the  next  step  wo'i'd  be  to 
divide  the  nation.  Although  born  and  raised 
in  a  slave  State,  and   in  a   slave- holding  com- 


munity, Mr.  Kelly's  keen  intelligence  soon 
taught  him  to  realize  and  dread  the  hellish 
poison  with  whicii  the  upas  tree  of  slavery 
blighted  every  person  ".nd  thing  in  any  way 
connected  with  it.  He  early  resolved  to  take 
his  family  and  self  as  far  away  from  this  insti- 
tution as  Uncle  Sam's  domains  would  permit. 
With  this  end  in  view  he  moved  from  Kentucky 
to  Missouri,  with  his  wife  and  three  small  chil- 
dren, in  the  fall  of  1847,  on  his  way  to  Oregon, 
expecting  to  cross  the  plains  tlie  next  season. 

Accordingly  they  started  for  the  land  of  their 
dreams  early  in  the  following  spring,  but  when 
they  reached  the  Missouri  State  line  they  were 
overtaken  by  a  furions  storm,  which  stampeded 
their  cattle,  and  obliged  them  to  remain  in  Mis- 
souri another  year.  This  was  just  after  the 
massacre  of  Dr.  Whitman  and  others,  and  the 
(-lovernment  sent  a  regiment  of  mounted  rifle- 
men to  Oregon,  to  keep  the  Indians  in  check. 
It  was  Mr.  Kelly's  good  fortune  to  cross  the 
jilains  with  this  regiment  as  an  escort.  When 
they  arrived  at  tlie  Dalles,  Mr.  Kelly  went 
across  the  Cascade  mountains  with  the  stock, 
while  Mrs.  Kelly,  lier  four  little  children  and 
the  baggage  came  on  a  schooner,  and  part  of 
the  way  in  a  boat  rowed  by  Indians,  and  arrived 
in  tlie  evening  of  October  8,  1849,  in  Portland. 
At  that  time  there  were  but  a  few  cheap,  one- 
storied  structures  there.  There  was  no  wharf, 
the  boats  being  ])ulled  to  shore,  while  they 
scrambled  to  the  bank,  holding  to  the  bushes. 
She  was  cold  and  weak,  and  sought  for  a  house 
in  which  to  obtain  shelter,  but  could  find  none 
until  Stephen  CotHn,  a  noble-hearted  pioneer, 
invited  them  into  his  home  until  the  men  could 
bnild  the  tires  and  set  up  the  tents.  The  next 
morning,  learning  that  the  Kev.  Clinton  Kelly, 
her  husband's  brother,  who  had  preceeded  them 
a  year,  was  only  about  a  mile  distant,  they 
went  by  boat  across  the  river  to  his  place.  Her 
husband  joined  her  in  about  two  weeks,  and 
they  lived  in  a  little  cal)in  in  the  woods  in  East 
I'ortland,  while  he  prospected  for  (Tovernment 
land. 

He  soon  selected  a  section  of  land  one  milo 
east  of  the  Willamette  river,  opposite  the  nortli 
end  of  the  townsite  of  Portland.  Here  he 
soon  built  a  cabin,  moved  his  family  into  it, 
tMid  proceeded  to  dig  for  water,  but  after  reach- 
ing a  depth  of  117  feet,  and  finding  none,  he 
got  discouraged  and  abandoned  this  claim  as 
worthless.  This  same  land  is  now  within  the 
limits  of  that  portion  of  the  city  of  Portland 


m STORY    OF    OREGON. 


495 


known    as    Albina,    and    is    worth    millions  of 
dollars. 

In  1830  they  took  np  section  17.  and  here 
they  Imilt  a  small  house,  two  miles  southwest  of 
the  center  of  the  city  of  Portland.  In  this  lit- 
tle home  the  first  relijfious  meetings  of  that 
section  were  held  and  here  Mr.  Kelly  preached 
to  his  !ieighborb,  l)ut  that  was  not  the  e.vtent  of 
Ilia  labor.*,  for  the  faithful  minister  traveled 
many  miles  on  foot,  in  those  days,  in  the  wilder- 
ness, to  hold  meetings  or  give  Christian  eoni- 
fort  in  times  of  sorrow.  On  one  of  these  oc- 
casions he  was  obliged  to  spend  the  night  under 
a  tree,  having  lost  his  way,  and  in  the  morning 
he  found  that  he  had  been  within  one  mile  of 
his  home.  Mr.  Kelly  cleared  his  farm,  hewed 
timber,  sold  it  and  obtained  money  to  live  on 
while  they  were  improving  the  farm.  Here 
they  made  their  home  most  of  the  time  until 
the  .spring  of  1872,  when  Mr.  Kelly  moved  with 
bis  wife  and  three  youngest  (ihildren  to  the 
Yakima  county  in  Washington  Territory,  and 
again  became  a  pioneer,  against  the  earnest 
protests  of  his  friends  and  eldest  children. 
This  proved  a  bad  move  for  the  Kelly  family, 
as  their  friends  had  warned  them. 

The  deadly  climate  of  Yakima,  with  its 
drouths  and  blizzards  and  flood,  and  torrid  sum- 
mers, and  frigid  winters  made  sad  havoc  with 
these  good  people,  who^e  constitution  had  long 
been  inured  to  the  soft  balmy  breezes  and 
salubrious  atmosphere  of  the  Willamette.  On 
December  4,  1873,  Mr.  Kelly  fell  a  victim  to 
pneumonia.  The  youngest  son,  Lee  Whitman, 
was  drowned  while  crossing  a  small  tributary  of 
the  Yakima  river,  March  22,  1878,  being  then 
in  his  twenty-third  year.  I'hilander  Bascom,  the 
next  yonngest  son,  perished  in  a  snow-storm 
about  January  24,  1881,  in  his  twenty-eighth 
year.  The  youngest  child,  Marietta  G.  Thiesen, 
died  at  her  brother's  near  Portland,  October  6, 
1884.  from  ailments  indirectly  resulting  from 
exposure  and  privations  while  at  Yakima,  in  her 
twenty-seventh  year.  Resides  the  three  children 
mentioned  above,  who  were  all  born  on  the  old 
place  near  Portland,  Mr.  Kelly  and  wife  were 
the  parents  of  six  others,  viz.:  Samuel  Bing- 
ham born  in  Pulaski  county,  Kentucky,  May 
14,  1838,  and  died  on  his  father's  farm  near 
Portland,  March  26,  1858.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  the  best  scholar  Oregon  had  ever 
produced;  Melvina  I),  was  born  in  Scottsville, 
Allen  county,  Kentucky,  June  8,  1842,  and  died 
in  ha  Rue  county,  Kentucky,  August  1,  1845; 


Saniantha  (\  was  born  in  Green  county.  Ken- 
tucky, February  1,  1844.  married  James  Skin, 
October  1(5,  l-8t)5.  and  ilicd  near  Portland  Sep- 
tember 3.  1872;  Maria  0.  was  born  in  ].i  Uuc 
county,  Kentucky,  .Fuly  2,  1846,  and  was  mar- 
ried February  14,  1808,  to  Von  P..  De  Lash- 
mutte,  one  of  Portland's  ex-mayor's,  and  most 
successful  business  men;  Silas  G.  was  born  in 
Jackson  county,  Missouri,  May  29,  1848,  and 
is  now  engaged  in  farming  near  Portland  on  a 
part  of  the  old  Kelly  donation  land  claim; 
Martha  E.  was  born  on  the  old  farm  near  Port- 
land, November  23,  1850.  and  was  married  July 
4,  1874,  to  ().  P.  S.  Plummer,oneof  P-.tiand's 
leading  physicians  and  druggists. 

After  coming  to  Oregon,  Mr.  Kelly  spent  a 
number  of  years  as  an  itinerant  preacher,  hav- 
ing joined  the  Methodist  Ejjiscopal  Conference. 
While  he  was  not  a  very  successful  business 
man,  and  did  not  leave  his  chihlren  a  large 
amount  of  material  wealth,  he  did  what  was 
better;  he  gave  then\  the  best  educational  ad- 
vantages to  be  had  in  the  country,  and  left  them 
an  inlioritance  of  an  unsullied  name. 

Mrs.  Kelly  enjoys  living  on  the  old  farm  with 
her  son.  but  frequently  spends  some  time  witli 
her  daughters  in  the  city.  She  is  very  bright 
anil  intelligent  and  continues  her  connection 
with  the  church  of  her  youth.  She  has  a  wide 
circle  of  acquaintances,  and  by  her  kind  acts, 
loving  heart  and  most  pleasing  manners  has 
endeared  herself  to  all  whose  privilege  it  is  to 
know  her. 

~ S'li't'S'"" 

^ON.  S.  D.  GIBSON.— Just  west  of  the 
fM)  '^''^y  "*  Salem  and  west  of  the  Willamette 
*^y|  river  is  a  beautiful  tract  of  land  known  as 
Fair  Oaks,  and  the  owner  of  the  place  is  lion. 
S.  B.  Gibson  and  upon  it  he  resides.  He  came 
to  this  State  in  1852,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
respected  of  the  pioneers  of  Oregon.  He  was 
born  in  Illinois,  November  11,  1836,  and  is  of 
Scotch- Irish  ancestry,  who  emigrated  from 
their  own  country  to  the  southern  part  of  the 
ITnited  States  in  the  early  history  of  the  colon- 
ies. Grandfather  Samuel  Gibson  was  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1782,  and  was  one  of  the  sol- 
diers in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  His  son,  George 
Gibson,  born  in  Tennessee,  in  1806,  was  reared 
to  manhood  in  Missouri,  and  there  married 
Miss  Mary   B.    Porter,  a   native  of  Tennessee, 


J  no 


lIlSTOIir    OF    OliEOON. 


and  tliey  leared  a  family  of  tivo  cliildreii. 
Witli  tlii'Se  and  liis  wife  our  snbject  utarted 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon. 

In  1S52  a  lar^e  niiniber  of  tiie  relatives  of 
the  (iil)son  family  started  on  a  long  jonrney. 
This  was  till!  year  of  the  cholera  visitation  in 
wliieh  so  many  of  the  emigrants  died  and  were 
linried  on  the  plains.  The  |iarty  snfi'ered  mnch 
from  the  disease  and  several  of  them  died, 
amonj,'  them  the  old  grandfather,  while  his  son 
who  had  been  very  ill  also,  recovered.  Six 
wciiry  months  were  consumed  on  the  trip,  and 
it  was  iiiadf  doubly  and  trebly  sad  on  account 
of  having  to  part  from  dear  friends  and  having 
to  If.ive  their  remains  in  the  wilderness. 

After  the  arrival  in  Oregoti,  the  father  lo- 
cated on  land  two  and  one-half  miles  west  of 
Salem,  took  a  donation  claim  and  began  pioneer 
life  in  Oregon,  in  a  little  shanty.  After  resid- 
ing on  this  property  fifteen  years  he  sold  it  and 
|iiirchased  the  lands  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Willamette  river  at  Salem,  where  Mr.  S.  D. 
(iilisou  and  his  brother,' S.  A.  I).,  now  reside. 

S.  I),  (tibson  was  educated  in  the  common 
school  and  began  life  on  a  farm  belonging  to 
his  father  and  has  continued  in  that  business 
all  of  his  life,  and  has  resided  ever  since  com- 
ing to  .this  State  on  his  own  land,  lie  now  has 
140  acres  of  land  on  which  he  has  built  a  com- 
modious -residence  and  a  part  of  his  great  ex- 
tent of  land  he  has  platted  and  designs  to  sell 
and  has  very  appropriately  named  the  tract 
••Fair  Oaks,"  This  is  most  desirable  property 
and  is  being  purchased  and  built  upon  as  it  is 
SI)  near  the  city  of  Salotn  and  so  beautifully  lo- 
cated. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  Marcli 
20,  18()7,  to  Mrs.  Mary  E  Forenian,  the  widow 
of  .Jeremiah  Foreman,  and  the  daughter  of  Jo- 
seph Iliroiis.  Mr.  Foreman  was  a  Union  soldier 
and  lost  his  life  at  Vicksburg  while  fighting  to 
perpetuate  the  Government.  Mrs.  Gibson  bad 
one  son  at  the  time  of  her  last  nnirriage,  A.  L. 
I'oremaii.  One  son  has  been  born  of  the  last 
marriage,  named  Frank,  and  the  two  young 
men  are  in  business  together  at  Kickreal  and 
are  successful  merchants  of  that  place.  Frank 
is  also  Postmaster  of  the  place.  Mrs.  Gibson 
is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  Mr. 
Gibson  has  been  a  consistent  Republican  ever 
since  he  has  been  a  voter  and  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest in  the  affairs  of  his  county  and  State.  In 
188-1  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
and  has  also  served  a-s  a  member  of  the  State 


Board  of  F](jnalization.  He  also  has  served  as 
t'onnty  ('oinmissioner  and  was  re-elected  and  in 
all  of  his  public  life  lias  been  manly  and  up 
right,  pleasing  his  constituents  who  everywhere 
know  him  to  lie  a  man  of  lionor.  lie  possesses 
the  esteem  of  all  who  have  followed  liis  career 
since  he  has  become  a  citizen  of  the  great  State 
of  Oregon. 


w^^^-^^. 


fllANCIS  M.  WADSWORTII  came  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  November  7.  1865.  He 
is  a  native  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  born  Uecem- 
lier  14,  183(5.  His  father,  Arial  S.  Wadsworth 
of  New  York,  a  descendant  of  Captain  William 
S.  Wadsworth,  who  emigrated  from  England  to 
Connecticut  early  in  the  history  of  the  country. 
A.  S.  Wadworth  married  !Miss  Margaret  Hitch- 
cock. She  is  the  daughter  of  Timothy  Hitch- 
cock, one  of  the  early  settlers  of  New  England, 
and  on  the  maternal  side  a  relative  of  tlie  dis- 
tingnished  United  States  Senator,  Z.  Chandler, 
of  Michigan.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wadsworth  had 
three  children  of  whom  our  subject  is  the  only 
snrvivor.  His  father  died  when  ho  was  only 
two  years  old,  and  he  was  raised  in  Allegany 
county,  New  York. 

He  learned  the  trade  of  painter  and  when  the 
civil  war  broke  out  he  enlisted  in  Conjpany  I, 
Twenty-eighth  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry, 
with  Colonel  D.  I).  Donnelly  in  command. 
The  date  of  liis  enlistment  was  May  14,  1861. 
They  were  sent  to  the  front  and  the  regiment 
made  a  good  war  record.  After  Mr.  Wads- 
worth was  in  the  service  fifteen  months  and 
while  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  he  re- 
ceived a  gnnsliot  in  the  right  lung  wliicli 
ended  his  usefulness  in  the  army  and  came  near 
ending  his  usefulness  for  life.  He  was  a  great 
sufferer  with  the  wound  for  years.  The  ball 
drove  pieces  of  bone  into  his  limg,  which  were 
coughed  up  years  later.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  1862,  and  he  has  never  fully  recov- 
ered from  the  eflFects  of  the  wound.  In  1805 
he  came  to  Linn  county,  Oregon,  and  carried 
on  his  business.  Later  he  removed  to  Benton 
county,  and  was  for  some  time  successfully  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits,  producing  largo 
quantities  of  small  fruits.  lie  was  in  this 
business  twelve  years.  In  1880  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Republicans  of  Benton  county  as 
candidate  for  the  State  Legislature,     11^   was 


HISTORY    OF    on /SOON. 


m 


elected  and  served  as  their  repretieiitative,  was 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Education,  and 
ilid  nil  in  his  power  to  advance  the  interests  of 
his  conntituentH,  iiis  state  and  IiIh  vote  was  al- 
ways cast  in  favnr  of  progress  and  what  lie  be- 
lieved to  he  right.  In  18Si3  he  was  appointed 
Siletz  Indian  agent  in  which  capacity  he  served 
fonr  years,  two  of  the  fonr  years  lieing  in  Presi- 
dent Cleveland's  administration.  Tiiero  were 
030  Indians  in  his  charge,  men,  women,  and 
children,  and  his  term  of  otKce  was  capal)le  and 
honorable.  After  this  lie  spent  three  years  in 
the  merc;;r.tile  tinsiness  at  Toledo,  Benton 
county,  lie  then  sold  out  and  came  to  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  is  engaged  in  the  revenue 
Bervice,  holding  the  otHce  of  United  States 
Ganger.  He  is  a  inemher  of  the  K.  of  P.,  and 
an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  (1.  A.  R.  lie 
drove  100  miles  to  become  a  member  of  Paker 
I'oRt  at  Portland.  He  was  a  charter  member 
of  the  McPhersoti  Post  at  Albany,  and  Senior 
Vice-Commander  of  it.  He  also  was  ('oin- 
inander  of  the  General  Lyon  Post  at  Toledo, 
Oregon.  At  present  he  is  a  member  of  the 
General  Wright  Post,  Portland.  He  has  fonr 
badges  commemorating  his  services  in  the  G. 
A.  U.  lie  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity and  he  is  a  true  member  of  the  liepublican 
[)arty.  Ho  has  some  hundred  acres  of  choice 
and  nearly  all  improved  with  a  pleasant  resi- 
dence on  it  at  Toledo,  Oregon.  His  honored 
mother,  now  eighty-live  years  old,  resides  with 
him  and  it  is  needless  to  add  that  he  is  a  warm- 
hearted, good  citizen  and  a  man  of  the  greatest 
integrity. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Louise  M.  Good- 
enough,  of  Tonawaiula,  New  York,  when  lie  was 
twenty  years  of  age.  They  have  bad  four  sons: 
W.  S.  (ieorge,  W.,  K.  M.,"Jr.,  and  T.  0.  The 
eldest  son  died  wlien  a  young  man  of  twenty- 
one  years. 


[ETII  LEWELLING,  a  pioneer  of  1850, 
and  prominent  Oregon  nnrseryman  and 
orchanlist  during  the  forty-two  years  since 
that  time,  was  born  in  Randolph  county,  North 
Carolina,  March  fi,  1820.  A  biographical  sketch 
of  Mr.  Lewelling,  including  a  few  years  of  the 
life  of  his  brotlier,  llenderson  Lewelling  and 
William  Meek,  now  deceased,  is  in  a  large  meas- 
ure a  history  of  early  horticulture  in  Oregon. 
Henderson  Lewelling,  in  March,  1847,  planted 


an  assortment  of  fruit  trees  in  lioxes  at  Salem, 
Henry  county,  Iowa,  loaded  them  in  two  wag- 
ons and  started  with  them  for  Oregon,  arriving 
at  Milwaukee  in  November  of  that  year,  with 
about  half  of  his  nursery  in  good  order.  Tiie 
remainder  was  destroyed  by  an  accident  to  one 
of  the  wagons  in  the  Pear  river  caHon.  This 
was  the  first  nursery,  and  so  far  as  yet  known 
these  were  the  tirst  domestic  fruit  trees  brought 
t.)  this  coast,  except  perl.'aps,  such  citrus  fruits 
as  were  introduced  in  California  by  the  mission 
fathers. 

So  highly  were  they  appreciated  that  offers  of 
$3  per  tree  were  freely  made  when  tlnjy  arrived. 
About  this  time  Henderson  Lewelling  and  Will- 
iam Meek  formed  a  partnership,  of  which  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  became  a  member- in  1850. 
Their  early  efforts  were  attended  with  more 
trials  and  ditficulties  incident  to  new  undertak- 
ing, but  perseverance  and  hard  work  overcome 
all  obstacles.  From  such  stocks  as  they  could 
buy,  with  what  they  were  able  to  grow  and  pull 
from  the  woods,  they  had  18,000  fi?ie  trees  for 
sale  in  the  fall  of  1851.  The  apple  trees  sold 
readily  for  $1  each  and  plum,  cherry,  pear  and 
peach  for  $1.50  each.  In  1853  the  firm  started 
branch  nurseries  at  Salem  and  others  near  Spring 
Valley,  on  the  Long  Tom  river  and  near  Albany, 
and  put  out  about  100,000  grafts,  having  kept 
fourteen  men  shop-grafting  all  the  preceding 
winter. 

They  got  some  fruit  in  1851  and  a  little  more 
in  1852,  but  none  for  market  until  1853  when 
they  sold  apples  in  San  Francisco  for  $1  per 
pound,  and  at  the  sap?e  time  they  sold  pears, 
peaches  and  plums  for  $1.50  per  pound. 

About  this  time  Henderson  Lewelling  with- 
drew, and  in  1857  Mr.  Meek  also,  leaving  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  the  sole  proprietor  in  which 
business  he  has  ever  since  coiitinued.  Mr.  Lew- 
elling has  given  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  the 
propagation  of  new  fruits.  In  1859  he  sold 
strawberries  for  seventy-five  cents  per  pound  in 
Portland,  the  first  in  Oregon,  but  the  fruit  was 
80  little  known  that  in  18(50  he  abandoned  the 
cultivation  of  that  crop.  The  people's  ignorance 
of  the  fruit  is  not  so  strange  wlien  we  remember 
that  its  cultivation  in  the  Eastern  States,  to  any 
considerable  extent,  dates  only  from  1849.  The 
change  since  then  has  been  so  great  that  he  now 
iinds  a  twenty  acre  patch  profitable  while  fields 
of  one  to  ten  acres  are  numerous. 

In  1860  Mr.  Lewelling  originated  the  Hlaek 
Republican  and  Lincoln  cherries,  both  of  which 


Ill 


i 


'hi 

•1;     'l 


VM 


I 


' 


4«s 


JiiHTonr  of  OHKGOS. 


me  niiw  exteiiHivt'ly  grown  on  tlio  I'lieitic  const. 
Aliout  till"  siinu'  time  lii' originated  the  Lewell- 
ini;  rliiibnrl),  ii  seeiilt.-s  variety  anil  one  which 
has  jiroved  valuable.  In  18t)()  he  originated  the 
Lewelling  jLtnipe,  wiiieii  ie  proving  a  most  valua- 
ble aciiuisition  to  the  list  of  grapes  adapted  to 
the  climate  of  wes^tern  Oregon  and  Washington. 
In  ls7o  he  originated  the  (iolden  prune,  which 
is  now  coming  into  general  demand  for  drying, 
hill*  i)een  indorsed  by  the  State  Hoard  of  llorti- 
culture  of  Washington  as  a  valuable  variety  for 
cultivation  in  that  State,  and  seems  to  be  con- 
sidered out!  of  the  best  of  prunes  wherever  it- is 
grown.  .Mr.  11.  K.  Van  Demon  and  W.  A.  Taylor, 
re.>;pectively  Uiuted  States  I'omologist  and  nssi.st- 
ant  in  writing  of  this  prune,  said;  "This  fruit 
was  superior  to  any  dried  plums  or  prunes  I 
have  tasted,  even  to  those  specially  prepared  for 
desert  ii^e,  and  the  dried  samples  you  sent  later 
were  of  tine  (luality.  " 

In  1878  he  originated  the  Birg  cherry,  a  large 
dark  purple  cherry,  which  has  also  proved  a 
valuable  acquisition  to  the  list  of  sweet  cherries. 
Mr.  W.  A.  Taylor,  whom  we  have  already  quoted, 
writing  of  this  cherry,  under  date  of  July  21, 
1>('J2,  J^ays;  "The  Birg  cherry  is  the  largest  and 
handsomest  variety  that  has  reached  us  this 
year,  and  would  seem  to  be  well  worthy  of  in- 
troduction on  this  side  of  the  Uockies  as  well  as 
on  the  I'acitic  slope.  " 

At  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  I^hiladclphia, 
Mr.  Lewelling  took  the  world's  premium  for  the 
finest  and  largest  pears  and  ciierries,  the  fruit 
having  to  be  sent  by  express  across  the  conti- 
nent, lie  paid  §8  charges  for  a  bunch  of  six 
pears  from  a  single  bloom  bud,  and  of  the  cher- 
ries exhibited  forty-four  weighed  a  pound. 
Many  people  unaccustomed  to  Oregon  fruits  in- 
sisted that  they  were  not  cherries,  but  crab  ap- 
ples, an  opinion  which  would  have  vanished  had 
they  been  permitted  to  taste  them.  Large  as 
these  were,  Mr.  Lewelling  in  the  summer  of 
1892  raised  a  great  many  of  the  iJirg  variety,  of 
which  thirty-five  weighed  one  pound.  He 
shiijped  a  few  boxes  to  Saratoga  Springs  as  an 
experiment,  where  they  sold  readily  for  SI  per 
pound.  Mr.  Lewelling  now  has  fifty  acres  of 
orchards  and  small  fruits  at  Milwaukee,  about 
one  mile  outside  the  city  of  Portland,  and  sixty 
acres  of  nursery  and  orchard  atCJonley  a  few  miles 
farther  up  the  Willamette  river. 


fOlIN  I)()NiNKlll5KU(i  is  a  native  of  Prus- 
sia, (ieruiany,  born  October  15.  1830,  ami 
is  descended  from  a  long  line  of  ancestors 
devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits,  lie  remained 
at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  eighteen 
years  of  age,  and  secured  a  good,  practical  busi- 
ness education.  He  was  then  apprenticed  to 
learn  the  trade  of  a  locksmith  i.nd  followed  this 
vocation  until  the  fall  of  184'J,  when  he  de- 
termined toi'migrate  to  America,  theland  of  great 
opportunities.  Landing  in  the  city  of  Baltimore 
October  5,  18-49,  he  continued  his  jourTiey  by 
river  and  canal  to  Oiuciunati,  where  he  worked 
at  his  trade  for  a  year.  He  then  went  to  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  and  entered  the  employ  of 
Williams  it  Roberts,  ])roininent  plumbers  of 
that  city;  there  ho  devoted  five  years  to  learn- 
ing this  trade  in  every  department.  In  1855  he 
came  via  the  Panama  route  to  San  Francisco, 
and  finding  bnsinese  exceedingly  d\ill  he  went 
to  the  mines  in  Placer  county,  where  he  met 
with  gratifying  success  in  his  search  for  gold. 

In  the  autumn  of  18t)0  he  returned  to  Eii- 
ro|)e,  and  in  February  1861,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Toelker;  the  following  spring 
he  returned  to  California  with  his  bride,  arriv- 
ing in  San  Francisco  in  August.  He  engaged 
in  mining  in  Placer  county  until  1864,  when 
he  gave  up  this  industry  and  came  to  Portland 
for  permanent  settlement,  lie  arrived  before 
the  close  of  the  rainy  season,  and  conseijuently 
did  not  find  business  very  brisk.  After  a  few 
months  he  worked  as  journeyman  for  C.  II. 
Myers,  and  in  March,  1865,  opened  a  general 
plumbing  establishment;  this  partnership  was 
dissolved  in  1808,  when  Mr.  Donnerberg 
formed  a  partnership  with  John  Barrett, 
which  existed  until  1812;  he  then  bought 
Mr.  Barrett's  interest,  and  carried  on  a 
general  plumbing,  steam  and  gas  fitting 
establishment.  In  the  fall  of  1890,  after  an  ex- 
perience of  twenty-five  years,  which  had  resulted 
in  the  accumulation  of  a  handsome  competency, 
Mr.  Donnerberg  sold  his  interests  in  this  busi- 
ness to  the  firm  of  Donnerberg  &  Co.,  composed 
of  his  son,  August  and  II.  Clausseniue,  two 
most  estimable  gentlemen,  of  superior  business 
qualifications. 

The  wife  of  Mr.  Donnerberg  died  in  Decem- 
ber, 1875,  leaving  a  family  of  five  children: 
August,  Henry,  Julia,  Mary  and  Frank.  He 
was  married  a  second  time  in  December,  1876, 
to  Miss  Theresa  Hofues,  a  native  of  Prussia, 
Germany,  and    to  them    have  been    born  tour 


W 


■*  Ssnma 


lllSrOltr    OF    OHHOON. 


490 


children:  Theresa,  .losophine,  Lena  and  George. 
In  1877,  Mr.  Donnerherfj;  biiilt  liin  home  at  the 
corner  of  Fourteenth  and  Morrison  streets;  lie 
aJHO  lias  a  country  liouse  at  Lon^  Heech,  VVash- 
inj^ton,  where  lie  onjoyn  the  sea  Itreezett  durinj^ 
the  Huininer  inonthH.  ITe  is  a  tneinbor  of  the 
Iloinan  Catholic  Church,  of  the  German  Aid 
Society,  and  was  for  yearn  connected  with  St. 
Mary's  Orphan  Jlome.  In  politics  he  affiliates 
with  the  Democratic  J)arty;  his  energies,  how- 
over,  have  been  devoted  to  cominoreial  interests 
and  Ity  the  exercise  of  honorable  and  npright 
methods  he  has  accumulated  a  handsome  estate. 

B.  PAKTLOW,  a  successful  and  re- 
spected Oregon  piotieer  of  1852,  was 
j9  born  in  Owen  county,  Indiana,  March 
8,  1828.  His  father,  James  Partlow,  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  from  which  State 
he  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  resided  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  on  a  farm,  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  of  medicine.  Ills 
first' wife  bore  him  two  children:  Ilichard  S. 
and  William  B.,  and  then  died,  after  which  he 
went  back  to  Kentucky,  and  married  si  second 
time,  by  which  marriage  they  had  one  child, 
John  J.  Partlow,  who  now  lives  in  Danville, 
Illinois.  In  his  8i.>ctieth  year  he  died,  at  his 
home  in  Illinois.  Richard  S.  I'artlow  was 
born  in  Kentucky,  March  8,  1825;  came  to 
Oregon  in  1851,  from  Illinois,  and  has  success- 
fully practiced  medicine  ever  since,  residing  in 
and  around  Portland  and  Baker  City,  Oregon, 
for  the  past  thirty  years.  He  married  Miss  M. 
E.  Johns,  of  Danville,  Illinois. 

Our  subject,  W.  B.  Partlow,  was  reared  in 
Illinois,  and  sent  to  the  district  schools  until 
fourteen  years  of  age,  at  which  time  he  was 
made  to  learn  the  trade  of  saddler,  at  which 
calling  he  worked  for  a  number  of  years. 
Finally,  in  1852,  he  started  for  Oregon.  He 
came  with  a  Mr.  William  Johnson,  of  Coving- 
ton, Indiana.  Their  bargain  was  to  the  effect 
that  Mr.  Partlow  should  contribute  $75  and  drive 
a  four-horse  team,  and  Mr.  Johnson  should  fur- 
nish the  provisions,  but  Mr.  Johnson  expected  a 
good  deal  more  of  our  subject  than  was  named 
in  the  agreement.  He  stood  guard,  milked  cows, 
herded  cattle,  and  did  many  other  things  besides 
driving  the  team  as  agreed  upon.  When  they 
arriJ'ed  at  Grande  Ronde  he  grew  tired  of  Mr. 


Johnson,  so  walked  the  remainder  of  the  dis- 
tance, al)out  ;)()0  miles.  He  had  done  more  tluiii 
enough  to  pay  for  his  board,  even  if  he  had  con- 
tributed no  money,  lie  crossed  the  mountains, 
coining  down  to  Philip  Foster's  fiirni,  and  then 
to  Oregon  City,  and  soon  after  his  arrival  ho 
began  to  work  at  his  trade  for  Mr.  A.  K.  Post, 
remaining  with  him  three  years  as  a  journey- 
man, one  year  as  a  partner  and  finally  became 
sole  owner  of  the  business.  In  connection  with 
his  harness  shop  Mr.  Post  ran  a  livery  business, 
and  as  time  went  on  Mr.  Partlow  closed  out  the 
former  business  to  devote  his  attention  to  the 
latter,  doing  a  fair  business  for  seventeen  years, 
during  which  time  he  had  many  ups  and  downs. 
In  1809  he  disposed  of  his  livery  business  and 
purchased  120  acres  of  choice  land,  two  miles 
south  of  Oregon  City,  on  which  property  he  has 
since  resided.  His  farm  is  now  one  of  the  most 
valuable  in  the  county.  His  residence  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  beautiful  yard,  in  which  may  be 
found  many  kinds  of  native  shrubs. 

June  28,  1850,  he  married  Mis.s  Frances  l,u- 
cinda  Chase,  born  in  Vermont,  August  5, 1828, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Sisson  Chase,  of  Vermont. 
Three  children  have  l)le8sed  this  union,  two  of 
whom  died  in  infaney.  The  one  they  reared  is 
a  son,  James,  born  March  15,  1859,  in  Oregon 
City,  where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  Ho 
now  makes  his  home  with  his  father  and  owns 
thirty-two  acres  adjoining.  In  addition  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Partlow  have  reared  ii  foster  child, 
Miss  Annie  E.  Ilowland,  who  lost  her  mother 
and  was  taken  by  these  kind  people  when  only 
nine  years  of  age,  so  that  they  reared  her  as 
their  own.  She  was  born  August  31,  180O. 
She  still  resides  with  Mr.  Partlow,  and  owns 
thirty-two  acres  of  land  adjoining,  by  inheri- 
tance. Mr.  Partlow  and  his  son  are  successful 
farmers  and  also  devote  much  attention  to  the 
raising  of  fine  horses,  of  which  they  have  a  few. 
Both  he  and  his  son  are  intelligent  and  ardent 
Republicans.  While  residing  in  Oregon  City 
Mr.  Partlow  was  elected  and  serveilasa  member 
of  the  City  Council,  also  a  member  of  the  lire 
department  for  ten  years,  in  which  he  proved 
himself  a  valued  member. 

On  the  29th  day  of  January,  1892,  the  be- 
loved wife  and  mother  was  taken  from  her  fam- 
ily by  death,  the  immediate  cause  being  la 
grippe  and  pneumonia.  During  her  life  she 
proved  herself  a  good  and  faithful  wife  and 
mother  during  the  thirty-six  yeais  of  married 
life,  and  she  was  greatly  mourned  by  her  fani- 


BOO 


IIISTOIIY    OF    oliEdON. 


!,■:  1 


M 


ily,  as  wfll  111*  by  the  host  of  fiit'iida  alic  Imd  at- 
tiic'.liud  to  hernclf  (luriiii^  her  n-sidence  in  Oregon 
City  luid  on  the  farm,  mid  the  family  hnd  the 
entire  syinpiitiiy  of  tlie  coniMimiity  in  their  be- 
reavement. Mr.  J'arthjw  enjoyrt  the  f^oud-wiil 
iind  eHteeni  of  ail  wlio  knuU'  iiiin,  and  is  a  good 
representative  nf  the  Oregon  pioneers  of  1852, 

fOlIN'  B.  FKIIGUKSON, an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1847,  was  born  in  liichland  county, 
>^  Ohio,  in  1825.  His  father,  Samuel  l''ergiie- 
8on,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  passed 
his  boyhood  upon  a  farm;  in  early  manliood  lie 
moveil  to  Ohio,  and  wan  married  in  1812  to 
.Miss  Jane  IJonser.  In  1820  they  I'omoved  to 
Illinois,  settlinj^  near  (jnincy,  where  they  lived 
until  1842;  they  then  removed  to  Andrew 
county,  .Missouri,  and  Mr.  Fergneson  reclaimed 
a  farm  from  the  natives  wilds,  jiassiiifr  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life  there.  John  I).  Ferj^rueson  was 
married  .^pri I  13,  184(),  to  ^[i8s  May  Waldrniip, 
and  they  lived  with  the  parents  durini^  the  life- 
time (jf  the  latter.  In  the  spring  of  1847  they 
started  to  Oregon  with  one  wagon,  six  yoke  of 
o.xen  and  four  cows;  they  arrived  at  the  Dalles, 
after  a  comfortable  trip,  "without  losing  a  hoof." 
They  were  .net  by  Samuel  and  .lesse  I'Vrijiieson, 
pioneers  of  1844,  and  continued  by  river  to 
I'ortland.  the  cattle  lieiiiir  driven  by  the  trail. 
At  I'ortbind  they  again  yoked  up  the  o.xen,  and 
travel inj.r  overland  to  Tualatin  plains,  whore  they 
passeil  the  winter.  In  the  summer  of  1848 
they  went  up  the  Willamette  valley,  and  in  the 
fall  Mr.  Fergneson  located  a  claim  of  040  acres, 
five  miles  west  of  Junction  City.  He  cniraged 
in  general  farming  and  stock-raising,  and  has 
one  of  the  best  improved  ranches  in  that  sec- 
tion. He  also  owns  480  acres  in  adjoining 
localities;  200  acres  are  cultivated  to  grain,  and 
the  rest  of  the  land  is  well  stocked  with  sheep 
and  cattle.  In  1854  he  drove  cattle  to  eastern 
Oregon,  and  for  twelve  years  followed  the  live- 
stock trade  in  that  locality,  making  fieqnent 
trips  to  the  Willatnette  valley,  crossing  the 
Cascade  tnountains  by  several  trails,  and  fully 
as  numy  trips  by  the  Columbia  river. 

Mrs.  Fergneson  died  iti  April,  1879,  leaving 
a  family  of  six  children:  John  S.,  Sarah  J., 
wife  of  Martin  Trivet;  Joseph  H. ;  Mary  A., 
wife  of  Joel  J'itney;  Martha  E.,  wife  of  Morris 
Allen;  and  Thomas  Jefferson.     Mr.  Fergueson 


was  married  Bgnin  in  1880,  to  Miss  Klizabeth 
Ilinton,  a  luitive  of  Oregon  and  a  ilaughter  of 
Thompson  Ilinton,  a  pioneer  of  1840;  they  have 
one  child,  a  daughter,  named  ,losepliin(<.  Mr. 
Fergueson  is  a  memlier  of  .Monroe  Lodge,  No. 
4'J,  A.  F.  (fe  A.  ,M.  lie  has  served  one  term 
as  (Jominirtsioner  of  Lane  county,  but  has  given 
little  attention  to  politics.  Ho  has  been  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  the  farm  and  of  stock- 
raising,  and  has  met  with  more  than  ordinary 
success;  he  is  now  living  in  the  enjoyment  of 
the  fruits  of  his  labors. 

— ^-e-:^-^ — 

fO.  HOVNTON,  an  Oregon  ])ioneer  of 
1850,  was  born  in  Troy,  New  York,  in 
^  1822,  a  eon  of  Eben  L.  and  Elizabeth 
(Fancher)  Hoynton,  natives  of  Vermont  and 
(Connecticut,  respectively.  Locating  in  Troy  at 
an  early  day,  the  father  of  our  subject  embarked 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  by  the  Legislature  as  City  Inspector 
of  Provisions,  an  otKce  he  filled  for  many  years. 
In  1830  he  emigrated  to  Fulton  county,  Illii'iois, 
where  he  devoted  the  last  years  of  his  life  to 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  died  in  188'J  at  the 
age  of  ninety  years;  his  wife  preceded  him  to 
the  world  beyond  in  1887,  aged  eighty-four 
years.  (!.  ().  Hoynton  lived  with  his  parents 
until  flidy  1843,  when  he  was  married  in  Ftil- 
tun  county,  Illinois,  to  Miss  .Mary  A.  Honney. 
He  settled  on  a  farm,  and  devoted  his  energies 
to  its  (•ultivation  until  1850,  when  he  sold  out 
and  removed  liis  family  to  Oregon.  Nine  fami- 
lies of  friends  and  neighbors  made  up  a  little 
train,  and  crossed  the  plains  with  o.\  teams, 
accom|)lishitig  the  journey  safely  within  si.x 
months.  They  arrived  at  Foster's  October  8, 
1850,  and  continued  until  they  reached  Clack- 
amas county;  here  Mr.  Ooynton  located  a  dona- 
tion claim  of  040  acres  where  the  town  of  Needy 
is  now  situated.  He  then  engaged  in  farming 
and  raising  live-stock. 

In  j)ublic  affairs  he  filled  a  prominent  posi- 
tion; as  County  Assessor  he  served  four  yours, 
and  was  Coii!!ty  Commissioner  for  the  same 
length  of  time;  for  twenty-two  years  he  was 
.1  ii-tice  of  the  Peace;  he  took  a  deep  interest  in 
the  advancement  of  all  the  county's  enterprises, 
and  his  house  was  the  home  of  the  church  dur- 
ing the  early  missionary  days;  the  Reverends 
Waller,  Ilines,  Garrison  and    Parish   were  fre- 


;l    ; 


IIIHTORY    OF    OIIKOON. 


not 


(|iH'nt  gueHts,  and  tlio  first  CHinp-iiieetiiig 
gr(iiiii(ln  ill  tlui  valley  were  uKtiiMivlied  on  his 
farm.  The  town  of  Needy  in  d(«ej)ly  iixhOitod 
to  IiIh  goiit'roMity,  an  he  coiitrihiitiMJ  tlit'  fiveatTOH 
upon  which  the  M.  K.  church  is  hiiilt;  he  also 
jrave  liherallv  to  the  fund  for  huildiii^  the 
church  edifice. 

Mr.  {{(lynton  lived  upon  liis  farm  until  the 
Bprin^  of  1S!)1,  when  he  sold  out  and  retired 
from  tile  anions  duties  he  liad  heen  so  long  ))er- 
forming.  lie  then  came  to  Woodburii,  and 
purchased  seven  acres  inside  the  city  limits, 
where  he  erected  his  residence.  Desiring  con- 
tinuous occupation  he  houglit  an  interest  in  the 
grocery  store  of  W.  E.  Kinzer,  in  which  he  is 
now  actively  employed. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boynton  have  reared  a  family 
of  nine  children  to  mature  years:  Eben  L., 
Bradford  A.;  Ilellen  A.,  wife  of  Clarlt  Cown; 
Thurston  A.;  .Jennie  I?.,  wife  of  C.  Stump; 
Atiert  J.,  died  airnd  one  year  and  one  montli; 
JJessie,  wife  of  ii.  S.  Thomas;  Ida.  wife  of  A. 
Kiiode;  and  Lida,  still  at  home. 

Mr.  lioynton  is  a  member  of  Fidelity  i,odgc, 
No.  54,  A.  V.  &  A.  M.,  and  of  the  Grange. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Ohnrch  for 
lifty-one  years,  and  as  a  public  spirited  citizen, 
lie  has  few  equals  and  no  snjieriors,  his  influ- 
ence always  being  for  the  irreatest  good  to  the 
the  greatest  number. 


fAMES  TUOUNTON,  a  capitalist,  and  one 
of  the  old  and  respected  pioneers  of  Oregon, 
was  born  near  La  Fayette,  Indiana,  May  29, 
1825,  a  son  of  Levi  and  Catherine  (Black) 
Thornton,  the  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
an<l  the  latter  of  Kentucky.  The  ancestors  of 
both  families  were  of  the  old  colonial  stock. 
The  parents  removed  to  Mercer  connty,  Illinois, 
when  our  subject  was  seven  years  of  age,  but  a 
few  months  later  went  to  Louisa  county,  Iowa, 
where  the  father  died  in  1840,  and  the  mother 
in  1845. 

James,  the  fourth  in  a  family  of  five  children, 
was  reared  and  educated  in  Iowa,  bnt  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1850.  He  was  engaged 
in  mining  in  Yreka  California,  until  1851, 
when  he  returned  to  Iowa.  In  1853  he  crossed 
the  plains  the  second  time,  coming  by  the  old 
northern  route,  via  Fort  Ilall,  and  located  in 
Jackson  county.     There  are  perhaps  few  of  the 


Oregon  pion(<ers  now  living  whose  advent  into 
this  countv  antedates  that  of  Mr.  Thornton.  He 
has  always  followed  fariiiing,  but  is  not  now 
actively  engaged  in  that  calling,  although  he 
still  o\'ns  tliirty  acres  of  lanil  adjoining  Ashland, 
which  is  planted  to  pear,  prune,  apricot  and 
peach  trees.  The  orclianl,  although  young,  is 
bearing,  and  will  yiehi  good  returns  the  present 
season.  In  1891  Mr.  Tliorton  Bliippe<l  over 
1,000  l)o.\es  of  peaches  to  Tacoma,  Washington. 
He  has  also  been  closely  connected  with  sciiool 
matters,  having  served  liis  district  faithfully  as 
trustee  many  years. 

Mr.  Thornton  has  been  twice  married,  first  in 
Iowa,  in  1848,  to  Miss  Isabel  Wallace,  a  native 
of  Newfoundland,  and  who  dieil  A])ril  1(5,  18tJ2. 
They  were  the  parents  of  the  following clii'  '"en: 
Kate  A.,  Laura  B.,  Sarah  E.  and  Henry.  The 
second  marriage  was  consunimati'd  in  .Jackson 
county,  Oregon,  in  .June.  18().3,  with  Miss 
Elizabeth  I'atterson,  a  native  of  Ohio.  The 
names  of  their  living  children  are:  Sheridan 
F.,  Ilattie  M.,  Edward  J.  and  Ole  A.  The  de- 
ceased were:  IJ.  S.  Grant,  who  died  Octoberl. 
18()0,  and  William  A.,  deceased  January  20, 
1873.  The  Iloosier  State  has  fnrnished  Oregon 
with  some  of  its  most  substantial  and  profes- 
sional men,  and  the  subject  of  this  notice  is  justly 
recognized  among  its  number.  He  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  the  growth  and 
progress  of  Southern  Oregon,  and  was  a'.^o 
among  the  chief  promoters  of  a  number  of  its 
private  enterprises,  the  Ashland  Woolen  Mills 
lieing  among  the  number.  He  was  one  of  its 
staunch  supporters  at  the  time  of  its  incorpora- 
tion, and  is  at  this  writing  one  of  the  stock- 
holders and  president  of  the  association. 


<•*>- 


Anions 


§ON.  WILDER  W.  BARKER 
the  pioneer  settlers  of  Astoria  none  are 
more  highly  respected  or  honored  than  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  born  in  Orange, 
Vermont,  October  19,  1824.  His  parents, 
Ebenezer  P.  and  Laura  (Flanders)  Parker,  were 
natives  of  the  same  State,  their  ancestry  being 
among  the  Puritan  settlers  of  New  England, 
and  distinguished  among  the  stanch  supporters 
of  American  independence.  In  1827  Mr. 
Parker  removed  his  family  to  Wash'iigtoii, 
Vermont,  when  he  pursued  extensive  inilHiig 
interests,  and   in   that   locality  our  subject  re- 


002 


UJaWIir    OF    ORliOON. 


mwx\ 


t  n 


it  t. 


ceived  a  common  school  education  and  prepared 
himself  for  entrance  at  the  i^lewbury  Seminary, 
an  institution  controlled  hy  the  Methodist  de- 
nomination. Assisting  himselt'  by  teaching 
Bchooi,  he  graduated  from  the  academic  depart- 
ment and  completed  his  studies  at  the  Norwich 
University,  an  institution  grown  out  of  the 
military  school  founded  by  Cloplain  Alden  Part 
ridge,  in  1818,  previously  a  professor  and  super- 
intendent at  West  Point.  After  four  years  of 
study  our  subject  was  <li\erted  from  graduating 
by  accujiling  the  position  of  engineer  of  the 
rsorwicli  Coppermine  on  lake  Superior.  Tliere 
he  remained  about  fifteen  montlis,  but  upon 
hearing  of  the  acqusition  of  California  and  the 
making  o*  "t  aecessible  to  Amencaiis,  he  re- 
signed his  position,  returned  to  New  York,  and 
took  passage  l)y  the  bran-new  steamship,  Cali- 
fornia, the  first  of  the  three  new  vessels  of  the 
Paciiic  Mail  Steamship  Company's  line  to  clear 
for  the  Pacific  coast,  and  he  was  the  first  to 
take  passage,  only  two  persons  taking  passage 
on  tiie  vessel.  By  an  unforeseen  event,  in  no 
sense  his  fault,  he  was  left  behind  and  was  obliged 
to  take  ])as8ageon  the  Spanish  brig,  Bogata,  Cap- 
tain Thomas,  for  Santa  Martha,  000  iiiiles  east 
of  what  is  now  Aspinwall,  thence  by  a  French 
mail  coasting  schooner  to  Ciiagres,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Chagres  river,  and  by  ascending  the  river 
\w  crossed  the  continent  to  Panama  entirely 
alone,  except  witli  a  native  for  a  guide,  to  where 
he  arrived  about  five  weeks  ahead  of  the  steam- 
ship. While  on  the  isthmus.  l)efore  crossing, 
lie  learned  from  the  United  States  Consul  there 
of  'he  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  with  full 
confirmation  of  the  fabulous  statements  first 
published  in  the  United  States,  and  ere  the  ship 
arrived  at  Panama,  about  fifteen  gold  seekers,  of 
every  description,  had  readied  Panama. 

Our  subject  sailed  on  the  steamship,  Cali- 
fornia, using  tlie  order  of  William  II.  Aspinwali, 
president  of  the  Steamship  Company,  supple- 
mented with  the  ticket  Irought  in  New  York, 
and  arrived  at  San  Francisco  February  28. 1849. 
A  company  of  fonr»tnen  was  then  ''ormed,  and 
paying  !:!i600  per  1,0(10  feet  for  luintwi  they  built 
a  la|)  streak  bottom  scow,  and  with  a  ton  of  pro- 
visions started  for  the  Tuolumne  river  to  en- 
gage in  mining.  Mr.  Parker  worked  about 
twenty  days,  realizing  about  $20  a  day,  and 
then  decided  that  life  in  San  Francisco  wns 
tnore  congenial  and  he  returned  to  that  city, 
leased  a  piece  of  ground,  built  a  frame  and  can- 
vas  tent,   20x50  fee.,   which  he  fitted  up  as  a 


hotel  and  restaurant.  Before  winter  a  bakery 
was  added  and  the  canvas  covering  was  rejilaced 
by  boards,  ilo  paid  ilia  baker  the  price  of  $600 
per  month,  but  sufficient  pies  and  cakes  were 
sold  to  j)ay  all  running  expenses  of  the  bakery, 
and  the  f)rotits  of  the  hotel  were  very  large, 
continuing  until  June,  1850.  At  this  time  his 
property  was  destroyed  by  the  great  tire,  at  an 
estimated  loss  of  $20,000.  lie  tiieu  bouglit 
the  first  soda  fountain  which  was  brought  to 
San  Francisco  and  leased  a  room  on  Stevenson's 
wharf,  foot  of  Clay  street,  at  S700  a  month,  he 
commenced  operations,  selling  soda  at  25  cents 
a  glass,  and  the  first  Sunday  after  opening  he 
took  in  $800.  At  the  election  of  1850  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Assistant  Al- 
dermen of  tlie  City  Council.  In  after  years 
that  City  ('oun'iil  was  designated  as  the  ••Honest 
(lonncil.''  whose  special  work  was,  among  other 
matters,  to  straighten  the  accounts  of  the  pre- 
ceding iticumt)ents,  finding  the  indebtedness  to 
be  $2.00(),0(K),  and  to  establish  a  sy.stem  of 
revenue,  the  first  the  city  ever  iiad.  Tlie  latter 
was  accomplished  by  licensing  all  business  in- 
terests. The  first  system  of  free  schools  of  the 
city  was  adopted  at  the  same  time,  with  T.  J. 
Novins,  Mr.  P.arker's  tutor  in  law  stuiiies  in 
Vernmnt,  appointed  superintendent.  In  Febru- 
ary. 1852,  Mr.  Parker  came  to  Oregon,  and 
leased  the  old  Ilarrell  sawmill  on  the  Lewis 
and  Cliirk  river,  and  later  bought  the  Simpson 
siwim  .  uwniill  at  Astoria,  wliere  he  diil  an  ox- 
tens'vr  Ijusiness  until  18t)0.  when,  througii  in- 
creased competition  he  decided  to  retire.  After 
the  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  Mi'.  Parker 
was  appointed  Deputy  Collector  of  Customs  of 
the  l^rt,  under  W.  L.  Adams,  in  which  capacity 
lie  served  for  eleven  years,  a  part  of  the  time 
being  dcpntv  to  lion.  Alansoii  Uiumaii.  Since 
his  retirement  from  office  lie  has  been  actively 
e.igaged  in  the  real-estate  and  insurance  busi- 
ness, and  in  developing  his  city  property  for 
general  uses.  He  has  been  an  extensive  builder, 
of  both  residence  and  business  property  and 
upwani  of  forty  buildings  are  credited  to 
his  pusn  and  enterprise. 

Mr  i^arker  was  married  in  Astoria,  in  1863, 
to  Mitw  Inez  E.  Adams,  tht;  eldest  daughter  of 
W.  L.  Adams,  a  pioneer  of  1848,  to  whom  and 
his  wife  eight  children  have  been  born,  seven 
of  whom  survive.  By  this  marriage  tliere  are 
no  children,  although  o  holidays  and  other 
festal  occasions   Mrs.  Ifai  rer  has  more  children 


UlSTOliY    OF    OIIKGON. 


608 


about  lier,  probably,  than  any  other  woman  in 
the  city. 

Mr.  Parker  was  ainoii^  the  first  to  urge  the 
estalilishinent  of  a  free  public  school  in  Astoria, 
although  witliout  children  hiuiselt'.  lie  has 
served  one  terui  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
other  terms  as  County  Assessor,  Superinteiid- 
ent  of  Schools,  Mayor,  Councilinau  and  Director 
of  Schools  in  Astoria.  In  the  last  Legislature 
he  was  aj)|)oiiited  Chairman  of  the  Commission 
of  Seven  to  build  and  manage  the  water  works 
of  Astoria.  He  is  also  an  active  member  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  as  a  Notary 
Public  has  served  since  1863.  lie  ie  h  gener- 
ous contributor  to  church  and  moral  institutions 
iuul  aKvays  is  among  the  most  active  to  promote 
public  enterprises  in  developing  the  city  of  his 
adoption,  which  he  has  watched  from  her  in- 
taricy  and  now  sees  her  a  populous  center  known 
all  over  the  land. 

5liA  B.  STUllGES,  one  of  the  active  and  suc- 
cessful buniness  men  of  the  city  of  Portland, 
and  president  of  the  Intlia  Packing  Com- 
pany, is  a  native  of  Norwalk,  Ohio,  born  Janu- 
ary IH,  1845.  His  father,  Daniel  B.  Sturges, 
was  liorn  in  the  State  of  Connecticut,  reuioved 
to  Milan,  Erie  county.  Ohio,  in  an  early  day 
and  was  a  pioneer  in  that  portion  of  Ohio,  lie 
is  a  worthy  citizen  and  resides  at  Norwalk, 
Huron  county,  Ohjc.  The  ancestors  of  the 
family  were  English.  Mr.  Daniel  B.  Sturges, 
father  (jf  Ira,  resided  near  Norwalk,  Coimecti- 
cut.  Little  is  known  of  the  family,  except  that 
they  were  Now  Englanders,  and  as  a  rule  that 
is  e(juivilent  to  saying  that  they  were  thrifty, 
honest  people.  Mr.  vStiirges'  father  married 
Miss  Sophia  Parks,  a  native  of  the  State  ot'  Ver- 
mont. She  was  of  equally  respectable  parent- 
age. They  had  seven  children,  of  whom  five 
are  living.  Mr.  Stirges  was  their  third  child 
and  raised  in  his  native  town,  and  quite  early 
in  his  history  was  qtiite  successfully  engaged  in 
the  nursery  business.  In  his  eighteenth  year, 
in  June,  1863,  he  enlisted  in  answer  to  Presi- 
dent Lincoln's  call  for  troops.  He  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  Twenty-fifth  Ohio  Kegiiiient,  to 
relinquish  that  veteran  regiment  with  troops  to 
take  the  place  of  those  who  ahed  their  blood  for 
their  country.  They  were  sent  to  the  front, 
first  to  Washington,  then  to  Hilton  Head,  and 
during   the  war  our  young  soldier  participated 


in  fourteen  battles  under  the  folds  of  the  old 
flag.  He  made  a  good  soldier  and  was  pro- 
moted to  Sergeant,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war 
returned  to  his  home.  The  work  was  accom- 
plished for  which  he  had  enlisted,  the  Union  was 
preserved.  For  two  years  after  the  war  he  at- 
tended school  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  and 
also  took  a  full  course  at  Eastman's  Business 
College,  and  was  for  a  time  in  the  employ  of 
the  United  States  Express  Company.  I*'roni 
New  York  he  went  to  Kansas,  and  from  there, 
in  1869,  he  came  to  California,  and  at  Sacra- 
mento was  engaged  in  the  general  otHce  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  but  after  two  years  he 
resigned  and  accepted  the  position  of  traveling 
salesman  for  J.  A.  Folger,  of  San  l'"rancisco,  in 
which  position  he  continued  for  thirteen  years, 
traveling  throughout  the  Northwest  and  be- 
coming acquainted  with  all  the  prominent  busi- 
ness houses  in  the  country. 

In  1882  he  came  to  I'ortland  and  established 
the  wholesale  grocery  and  commission  house  of 
Sturges,  Larseu  &  Company.  After  a  year  he 
withdrew  from  tlio  firm  and  engaged  in  the 
stock  business  in  Baker  county,  in  which 
he  continued  eight  years.  In  1886  he  sold 
and  established  his  present  quarters,  which  con- 
tinued until  October,  1888,  when  it  was  in- 
corporate<l  and  assumed  its  present  name,  the 
Indian  Packing  Company.  The  incorporators 
were  Messrs.  H.  M.  C-ake,  T.  O.  Muiphy  and  I. 
15.  St\irges,  manufacturers  of  baking  powder, 
extracts  and  grocers'  sundries.  They  do  an 
extensive  wholesale  business  throughout  the 
Northwest,  inchuling  British  Columbia,  Mon- 
tana, Idaho,  Washington  and  Oregon.  They 
have  a  factory  located  at  South  Portland  and  all 
goods  with  their  trademark  are  equal  to  any  in 
the  market.  Since  coming  to  Portland,  Mr. 
Sturges  has  identified  himself  fully  with  the 
growth  of  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers ot  the  Poitland  Cable  Railroad  CJompany, 
became  a  stockholder  and  secretary  and  treas- 
urer, and  from  its  organization  to  the  present 
time  has  been  a  director.  He  also  became  in- 
terested in  the  Portland  Smelting  Company 
and  is  a  stockholder.  He  has  interested  liim- 
self  in  Portland  real  estate  and  was  oik;  of  the 
organizers  of  the  plat  of  Southern  Portland, 
160  acres  of  which,  in  1883,  was  put  on  the 
market  by  Mr.  Sturges  and  otiiers,  and  made  n 
success  of  it,  having  sold  all  but  that  |)ortion 
which  they  reserved  for  future  advance.  lie 
has  been  connected  in  other  additions   to   Port- 


504 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


land  and  Baker  City,  all  of  which  were  success- 
ful. 

Mr.  Sturges  was  married  in  1883,  to  Miss 
Wilhelinine  Engelke,  of  Hanover,  Germany. 
They  have  had  two  children:  Inge  I?urr  and 
Paulina;  the  latter  they  lost  by  death.  Both 
were  horn  in  J'ortland.  Mr.  Sturges  is  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Mason,  and  is  a  director  and 
niemher  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  lie  is 
a  Republican  and  a  member  of  the  Governor 
Wright  Post,  G.  A.  R.  lie  is  a  widely  known 
business  man  of  great  ability^  and  honorable 
and  worthy  citizen,  giving  strict  attention  to 
his  business. 

fUSTAF  WILSON,  Russian  Vice-Consul  at 
Portland,  was  born  at  Uleaborg,  Finland, 
Russia,  June  2,  1827.  His  father,  John 
Wilson  llemini,  was  a  seafaring  man  and  was 
connected  with  tlie  United  States  navy.  After 
coming  to  America,  his  father  dropped  the 
name  of  Ilemmi.  In  1842,  although  only 
fifteen  years  of  age,  Gustaf  left  his  home  to 
engage  in  seafaring  life.  In  1844  he  made  his 
first  cruise  to  the  United  States  and  thereafter 
sailed  upon  American  vessels.  In  18o0  lie 
shipped  from  New  York  city  on  the  ship  yVlbar- 
ria.  Captain  II.  Crowell  in  command,  with  gen- 
eral cargo.  They  set  sail  for  San  Francisco,  via 
cape  Horn,  touching  at  Rio  and  Valparaiso. 
They  arrived  inside  the  "Golden  Gate"  October 
10,  and  were  discharged  in  that  port.  Gustaf 
then  went  to  the  mines,  operating  in  several 
localities  until  February.  1852,  when  he  crossed 
the  Siskiyou  mountains  to  southern  Oregon  and 
there  continued  his  mining  interests,  lie  was 
engaged  in  the  Indian  outbreak  of  1852  and 
18.53,  and  the  later  war  of  1855  and  1856. 
With  the  organization  of  Josephine  county,  i  i 
1855,  he  was  appointed  Coroner  liy  the  Terri- 
torial liCgislature  and  subsequently  elected  by 
the  people,  serving  in  that  capacity  for  six 
years.  In  18112  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
same  county,  and  re-elected  in  1864.  At  the 
expiration  of  his  term  in  1806,  he  came  to 
Portlund  and  etigaged  as  clerk  with  the  com- 
tnission  merchants,  Messrs.  Williams  &  Meyers, 
retnaining  in  that  capacity  utitil  1870.  lie 
then  purcliasi'd  an  interest  in  their  flour  jnill  at 
McMinnville.  and  remaining  there,  continued 
as  manager   until   1876,   when  he  sold  unt  and 


returned  to  Portland.  He  was  there  engaged 
in  various  occupations  until  1883,  when  he  was 
appointed  Russian  Vice-Consnl,  and  has  since 
then  given  his  attention  to  the  duties  of  that 
otHce  and  in  looking  after  his  ])ersonal  aifairs 
in  real-estate  and  property  interests.  At  the 
various  places  where  he  has  resided  in  Oregon, 
he  has  u'.ways  taken  an  active  interest  in  public 
aifairs,  such  as  pioneer  life  required,  often  act- 
ing as  school  clerk,  director,  road  supervisor, 
etc. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1871,  to  Miss 
Christina  Wideen,  native  of  Sweden,  who  died 
in  1882,  leaving  one  child,  Alice. 

In  1890,  after  forty-tive  years  of  absence,  Mr. 
Wilson  visited  his  native  country  and  the  scenes  ■ 
of   his  childhood.     It    proved  a  very  pleasant 
and  enjoyable  trip. 

Mr.  Wilson  is  a  Scottish  Rite  Mason,  having 
passed  the  several  degrees  of  the  Blue  Lodge, 
Chapter  and  Commandery,  Past  Grand  S.  W., 
Grand  I^odge  of  Oregon,  and  is  an  horored  and 
honorable  citizen  of  the  State  of  Oregon. 


?AV.  GEARIIART,  Assessor  of  Clatsop 
county,  was  born  in  Henry  county,  Iowa, 
<*in  1837.  His  parents,  Philipand  Marga- 
ret C.  (Logan)  Gearheart,  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  former  was  a  carpenter  by  trade, 
but  after  removing  to  Iowa,  in  1836,  he  en- 
gaged in  farming,  which  occupation  he  followed 
for  twelve  years,  and  then  with  the  usual  prairie 
outfit  and  o.x  teams  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon. Emigration  was  small  that  year,  and  so 
they  had  an  abundance  of  food  and  no  trouble 
from  the  Indians,  so  that  their  trip  was  a  pleas- 
ant one  and  they  landed  at  Oregon  City,  just 
six  months  after  crossing  the  Missouri  river. 
Proceeding  to  (Matsop  plains,  Mr.  Gearhart 
located  his  donation  claim  to  640  acres  of 
land  and  then  passed  his  life  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  He  was  among  the  repre- 
sentative men  of  the  county  and  served  as 
County  Jiidgc,  Commissioner  and  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  many  years. 

Our  subject  crossed  the  plains  with  his  par- 
ents and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Oregon, 
giving  particular  attention  to  surveying.  Ho 
was  then  eleeteu  County  Surveyor  and  lilltid  the 
ofiice  continuon.dy  for  eight  years,  remaining 
with  his  parents  meanwhile  and  aiding  with  the 


IIISTOHY    OF    OREGON 


506 


duties  of  the  fann.  In  1867  he  came  to  As- 
toria and  as  a  partner  of  John  Ilobson  followed 
the  butchering  business  ai)out  two  years,  and 
then  made  liis  lirst,  trip  to  the  Atlantic  coast. 
Heturning  to  Astoria  in  1871,  he  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  l)usiness.  which  lie  followeil  for 
eight  years  and  then  in  the  canning  of  salmon. 

Mr.  Gearhart  was  married  in  Forest  (irove, 
to  Miss  (J.  A.  iS'eal,  in  1879.  She  is  a  native 
of  Ohio  and  a  graduate  of  the  Iowa  Agriculu'-al 
School,  who  came  to  Astoria  in  1878,  as  a 
teacher  of  the  public  school.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Gearhart  have  four  children:  John  Meal,  Edgar 
Garfield,  Philip  and  Esther. 

After  the  death  of  iiiilip  Gearhart  the  estate 
fell  into  the  hands  of  our  sii'oject,  who  returned 
to  the  farm,  where  he  had  lived,  aiding  his  par- 
ents during  his  term  as  County  Surveyor.  Here 
he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  the 
sumuiv.'  of  1888,  when  he  sold  the  farm  to  M. 
J.  Kiiiuoy,  who  has  dnce  transformed  it  into  a 
summer  resort,  known  us  Gearhart  Park.  Mr. 
Gearhart  then  gave  up  his  winters  to  travel  and 
his  summers  to  surveying.  In  the  spring  of 
1891  he  was  appcinted  Duputy  County  Sur- 
veyor, and  in  the  fall  Assessor,  to  fill  a  vacancy 
caused  by  the  resig  lation  of  C.  J.  Lindell.  He 
was  elected  to  the  sivme  oflico  by  the  Republican 
])arty  in  June,  1892,  for  the  term  of  two  years. 

In  1887  Mr.  (Tcarhart  l.,iilt  his  residence  on 
the  corner  of  Seventh  and  Benton  streets,  and 
owns  sonie  valuable  improved  business  prop- 
erty. He  gives  all  his  time  to  his  oiticial 
duties,  which  are  faithfully  and  satisfactorily 
discharged. 

fW.  PRENTICE,  M.  D.,  a  progressive  and 
succesfid  practitioner  of  Eugene,  was 
0  born  at  Wivenhoe,  England,  in  18-i4,  a 
son  of  George  and  Caroline  (Ellis)  Prentice;  the 
parents  were  natives  of  Suffolk,  England,  and 
after  their  iriarriage  they  settled  at  Wivenhoe, 
wdiora  Mr.  Prentice  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  In  1872  the  family  cndgrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  settled  in  Maryland  at 
Greonsljoro;  here  the  father  bought  a  small  farm, 
and  l)cgan  giving  especial  attention  to  growing 
fruits,  an  iiulustry  with  which  he  is  still  occupied. 
Dr.  Prentice  was  educated  at  the  CoUdiester 
Royal  Graniiniir  School  in  England,  and  in 
1864:  began   reading  for  his  profession  at  West 


Mersea  with  his  brotlier-in-law,  Dr.  Charles 
Worts;  hfc  spent  three  years  in  preparation,  and 
for  two  years  was  a  student  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Ediidjurgh. 
Coming  to  America  in  1872  he  began  jjractice 
at  Urbana,  Illinois;  later  on  he  entered  the 
Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
av.d  in  1878  was  graduate;!  from  this  institution. 
He  continued  his  practice  at  Urbana  with 
marked  success.  In  1882  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Pension  Plxaminer,  through  the 
influence  of  Hon.  Joe  Cannon,  M.  C.  from  that 
district,  and  held  the  office  three  years.  In 
188t)  he  severed  liis  connection  at  Urbana,  and 
entering  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  pursued 
a  course  until  the  spring  of  1887,  wl>en  ho 
received  a  diploma  from  this  famous  school. 
He  passed  the  following  summer  with  his 
parents,  and  then  came  to  Oregon,  locating  in 
Eugene.  He  purchased  a  residence  on  High 
street,  between  ninth  and  tenth  streets,  and 
opened  an  office.  It  is  a  long  and  some  times  a 
weary  wait  in  the  medical  profession,  but  success 
is  sure  to  crown  the  skilled  ph^'sician. 

He  was  married  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  in 
1886,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  15.  Hoover,  a  native  of 
the  "Iloosier"  State.  The  Doctor  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  order,  belonging  to  the  Blue 
Lodge  and  Chapter.  Ho  is  a  member  of  the  Lane 
County  Medical  Society  and  of  the  Interiuitional 
Medical  Congress. 

Though  English  by  birth  h^  has  become  thor- 
oughly Americanized;  he  was  quick  to  appreciate 
the  value  of  American  principles  of  Govern- 
ment, and  swore  allegiance  to  his  adopted 
country  at  the  earliest  moment  within  the  limits 
of  law;  he  is  a  warm  admirer  and  loyal  citizen 
of  the  country  over  which  floats  the  glorious 
stars  and  stripes,  emblem  of  American  liberty. 


,,jARWIN  BRISTOW,  a  progressive  and 
energet  c  merchant  and  banker  at  Cottage 
(Trove,  was  born  at  Pleasant  Hill,  Lane 
county,  Oregon,  I)ec(!mber21,  1862.  His  father, 
William  Wilshire  Bristow,  was  a  native  of 
Cumberland  county,  Kentucky,  born  July  18, 
1826,  but  was  reared  in  McDonougli  county, 
Illinois,  whither  his  parents  removed  in  his 
infancy.  In  1848  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  and  located  at  Pleasant  Hill,  L'tno 
county,      lu    the    spring    of  1849   he  started 


506 


HISTORY    OF    ORMGON. 


r/ 


\  m 


)  ^l 


M  : 


f  • 


to  Calitbrnia,  but  returiiod  in  the  fall  of 
the  same  year,  and  began  iinpruviiiir  his  claiin. 
In  the  spring  of  1.S5U  or  1851  he  taught  the 
first  school  in  the  connty.  lie  was  married 
in  Marion  county,  (October  17,  1850,  to  Miss  E. 
Cott'ey,  a  native  of  Pikeconnty,  Illinois.  During 
1852-'53  he  was  J  nstice  of  the  Peace  of  Pleasant 
Hill  precinct,  and  for  a  number  of  years  was 
Postmaster,  ile  was  a  delegate  to  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention  of  1857,  and  in  June,  1858, 
he  was  elected  one  of  the  first  State  Senators 
from  Lane  county;  he  was  orre  of  the  prominent 
actors  in  setting  the  machinery  of  the  State 
Government  in  motion. 

Mrs.  Bristow  died  in  November,  1863;  she 
was  the  mother  of  four  children,  only  one  of 
whom  survives,  a  son  named  Darwin.  Mr. 
Bristow  was  married  again  at  I'leasant  Hill, 
April  27,  1865,  to  Miss  Martha  A.  McCall,  who 
died  August  18,  1868,  leaving  one  child,  Lizzie, 
now  the  widow  of  C.  F.  McCormiic.  September 
16,  1869,  Mr.  Bristow  was  married  in  Portland 
to  Mrs.  Mary  .1.  Wells,  who  still  survives. 

lie  was  again  elected  State  Senator  in  1872, 
and  served  with  great  credit  to  himself  and  his 
constituency  through  the  .sessions  of  1872  and 
1874.  He  sold  his  farm  in  1865,  and  went  to 
Eugene,  where  he  purchased  a  one-third  interest 
in  the  mercantile  business  of  Bristow  &  (Jo., 
the  firm  being  composed  of  his  brolher  Elijah 
\j.  Bristow  and  T.  G.  Hendricks;  he  continued 
an  active  member  of  the  firm  until  his  death, 
December  8,  1874.  He  wr.ci  sti'icken  down  in 
the  prime  of  manhood  and  in  the  midst  of  his 
usefulness,  leaving  an  untaruisheii  reputation. 
He  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity. 

Darwin  Bristow  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Eugene  city,  and  after  the  death  of  bis  father, 
was  taken  into  the  family  of  T.  G.  Hendricks, 
ailininistrator  of  the  estate  and  guardian  of  the 
chiklren.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  our 
sui)ject  began  clerking  in  the  store  of  Mr. 
Hendricks,  thus  securing  a  business  education, 
and  at  the  same  time  pursuing  his  studies  in  the 
University  of  Oregon;  he  was  graduated  from 
the  normal  department  of  this  institution  in 
1884.  Tile  autumn  following  he  cunie  to  Cottage; 
(trove,  and  in  partnership  with  lleri)ert  Eakin, 
he  purchased  the  bankrupt  stock  of  l>nckey  & 
Noland;  they  increased  their  stock,  and  by  close 
attention  to  the  details  of  the  business,  have 
built  up  a  good  trade  and  later  have  further 
advanced   their  business   by   the  addition   of  a 


I  banking  department  and  aru  now  carrying  on  a 
j   successful   mercantile   and    banking    establish- 
ment. 

Mr.  Bristow  was  married  at  Cottnge  (irove, 
March  16,  1885.  to  Miss  Mary  L.  Medley,  a 
native  of  Linn  county,  Iowa,  and  a  daughter  of 
I  James  M.  Medley,  who  emigrated  to  Oregon  in 
1874.  Of  this  union  have  been  born  three  chil- 
dren: Greta  Elizabeth,  VVMlliain  Wilshire  and 
Darwin  Darrel.  Air.  Bristow  has  valuable 
business  and  residence  pro])erty  at  (Jottage 
Grove  and  Eus^ene.  He  is  Master  of  (Jottage 
Grove  Lodge,  No.  51,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  a 
meniber  of  Juventus  l^odge,  No.  48,  of  Iv.  of  B. 
lie  has  served  two  terms  as  Mayor  of  Cottage 
(-trove,  and  is  one  of  the  most  active  and  enter- 
prising men  of  the  city. 

ijj.VVID  MONNASTES,  a  widely  known 
andiiitiuential  citizen  of  Portlanil,  Oregon, 
came  t,(j  the  State  in  1852.  lie  was  born 
in  St.  Louis.  Missoui'i,  on  July  25,  1820.  His 
father,  David  S.  Monnastes,  was  a  native  of 
England  and  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  in  St.  Louis.  He  marrieu  in 
that  city,  Mi'ss  Philistia  Kahne,  a  native  of 
that  place.  They  bad  fourteen  children,  of 
whom  our  subject  is  the  s  ile  survivor. 

He  attended  the  French  schools  in  his  na- 
tive city,  where  he  later  learned  the  bhicksmith 
and  machinist's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  for 
six  years.  In  1852  he  started  on  his  journey 
for  Oregon,  leaving  St.  Joseph  on  A[)ril  4, 
he  began  bis  journey  alone,  but  joined  in  with 
others  on  the  way.  He  had  four  yoke  of  oxen 
and  a  wagon,  in  which  he  carried  his  provis- 
ions, gun  and  other  necessaries.  The  cholera 
was  epidemic  that  year,  but  ho  escaped  it;  and 
the  Indians  were  plentiful,  but  they  were 
friendly.  His  oxen  gave  out  one  by  one,  so  that 
long  before  he  reached  the  coast,  he  had  aban- 
dontid  his  wagon  and  with  his  gun  and  what  ho 
could  carry,  he  came  on  foot  to  the  Dalles, 
thence  to  Portland  he  journeyed  on  a  llat-boat. 
On  arriving  he  had  su|)per,  and  when  he  asked 
the  price,  was  told  that  it  was  four  bits.  He 
had  oidy  two,  which  he  gave,  sayi.ig  it  was  all 
he  had,  but  would  pay  the  balance  when  he 
got  it. 

In  the  morning  he  applied  to  Northrop  & 
Summers  to  bt;  trusted  for  a   pound  of  powder. 


HISTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


507 


four  pounds  of  shot  and  a  box  of  G.  D.  caps. 
They  took  liis  word  for  it,  and  he  found  his  way 
out  to  Guiks'  lake,  where  he  killed  during  the 
day  sixteen  wild  duckn,  most  of  them  Mallards. 
When  he  returned  with  his  ducks,  a  restaurant 
man,  named  Gordon,  hailed  him  and  asked  the 
price.  He  said,  "What  will  you  give  me?"  He 
replied  a  dollar  a  pair.  He  accepted  the  offer, 
and  received  eight  dollars,  with  which  he  paid 
his  powder  and  shot  hill  and  his  board.  The 
restaurant  man  bargained  for  a  dollar  a  pair  for 
all  lie  could  bring  in,  and  the  following  day  he 
killed  and  packed  in  thirty-six  ducks,  for  which 
he  received  ^18.  He  kept  on  at  the  business 
all  winter,  making  the  merchant.-s,  who  trusted 
him.  his  bankers,  and  on  March  27,  he  had  laid 
up  .i;l,lG5. 

On  xVpril  1,  1863,  he  purchased  blacksmith's 
tools  and  some  machinery,  and  opened  a  shop 
on  First  street,  between  Morrison  and  Yam- 
hill streets.  He  was  associated  with  Captain 
James  Trumbull  a  machinist,  and  they  con- 
ducted business  as  partners  for  a  year,  wlien 
H.  W.  Davis,  a  molder,  was  taken  into  the  iirm, 
the  iirm  name  becoming  Trumbull,  Monnastes 
&  Davis;  and  they  conducted  a  foundry  and 
machine  shop  for  another  year.  Then  Mr. 
Trumbull  withdrew,  and  Mr.  Monnastes  and 
Davis  continued  the  business  successfully  un- 
til 18(56,  when  Mr.  Davis  withdrew,  and  Mr. 
Monnastes  continued  alone  until  1873,  doing 
a  large  busine.is,  and  employing  from  thirty-five 
to  forty-five  men. 

The  tire  of  1873  burned  the  business  out, 
when  Mr.  Monnastes  turned  his  attention  to 
the  purchase  and  improvement  of  city  property, 
in  which  he  has  since  been  engaged,  He  has 
built  a  valuable  block  on  First  street,  between 
Morrison  and  Yamhill  streets,  on  the  west  side 
of  First  street,  and  has  built  another  on  the  cor- 
ner of  JeU'ersoii  and  First  streets.  He  has  also 
built  himself  a  good,  substantial  residence, 
where  he  resides  with  his  family,  at  No.  303 
Third  street. 

He  is  in  politics  a  Republican,  and  was  twice 
elected  by  his  party  to  the  (^ity  Council.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  organizers  of  the  Volunteer 
P'ire  Company  of  the  city,  which  dates  back  to 
1853.  He  borrowed  an  old  engine,  took  it  to 
his  shop  and  fitted  it  up,  and  continued  with 
the  Volunteer  Fire  Company  of  the  city,  first 
with  No.  1,  then  with  No.  2  and  lastly  with  No. 
4,  until  the  paid  department  was  organized. 
He  had  been    at   diiferent    times    its  president 


and  treasurer,  and  is  now  an  honored  member 
of  the  Volunteer  Exempt  Firemen's  Society  of 
the  city,  which  has  in  its  membership  the  solid 
representative  men  of  the  city  of  the  early  time. 
He  is  a  subscribing  member  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  and  is  a  life  mem- 
ber of  the  Library  Association.  He  is  deeply 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  his  favorite  city, 
and  by  his  many  admirable  traits  of  character 
has  e.\cited  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fel- 
low-citizens. 


•-=«-♦< 


'^m^4^ 


i-p^ 


JSAAC  BALL,  an  Indian  war  veteran  of  the 
war  of  1855-'56,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852, 
and  now  a  prosperous  fanner  of  Washing- 
ton county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Hllnois,  Feb- 
iMiary  14,  1827,  and  his  father,  Acil  Franklin 
IJall,  was  born  in  Vermont,  1793,  the  fauuly 
having  been  early  settlers  of  that  State.  Ho 
married  Rebecca  Ellis,  a  native  of  Tennessee. 
They  resided  in  Fulton  county,  Hlinois,  and  had 
a  family  of  seven  children.  Mr.  Ball's  mother 
died  in  1838,  and  his  father  in  1858.  The 
father  of  our  subject  had  married  a  second  time, 
but  Isaac  was  the  second  child  of  the  first  mar- 
riage. In  1846  he  left  the  parental  roof  and 
started  out  in  the  world  for  himself. 

The  first  employment  of  the  young  seeker 
after  fame  and  fortune  was  in  farming  and  later 
at  carpenter  work,  but  neither  promised  enough 
success  to  warrant  his  remaining  in  his  old  home 
locality.  Hence  in  1852  he  started  for  Oregon, 
and  arrived  in  Portland,  September  12,  1862, 
from  which  place  he  went  on  to  Oregon  City, 
and  there enf.;'aged  in  work  in  a  saw  nill.  Later 
he  managed  ;he  ferry  tor  Dr.  John  McLoughlin 
durii.g  the  winter,  and  continued  thus  employed 
until  spring,  when  he  went  to  the  mines  in 
southern  Oregon,  when  the  Rogue  river  war 
was  it>  progress;  but  in  the  fall  he  went  to 
California,  and  spent  that  winter  at  Forbestown 
on  the  Yuba  river.  After  one  year  in  Califor- 
nia he  returned  to  Oregon,  and  in  the  fall  of  1854 
took  his  donation  claim  of  160  acres  of  land. 
At  this  time  the  Indian  war  broke  out,  and  he 
enlisted  in  1855,  furnishing  his  own  horse  and 
equipage.  His  enlistment  was  in  Company  D, 
First  Regiment  Oregon  Mounted  Volunteers, 
and  he  participated  in  all  the  dangers  and  hard- 
ships of  that  time.  J'art  of  the  time  it  was 
possible  to  get  meat,  but  it    had  to  be  eaten 


508 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


■&    :!       i 


:    f 


\     I 


without  salt,  but  later  it  was  impossible  to  get 
anything  but  horFi;  or  mulo  meat,  ami  our 
subject  was  not  Frcnchuian  enough  to  relish 
this. 

After  the  war  Mr.  Hall  returned,  and  June  8, 
185t),  he  married  .Miss  Marifaret  E.  F,obi)ins,  a 
native  of  Indiana,  and  daughter  of  William 
liobbins.  They  crossed  the  plains  in  1852. 
After  marriage  Mr.  Ball  worked  at  his  trade, 
and  gradually  improved  his  farm.  A  family  of 
ten  children  were  born  to  him  and  wife,  and 
eight  of  theses  are  yet  living.  Sarah  .lane  mar- 
ried Join.  L.  Reynold,  and  now  resides  with  her 
father;  Charles  Edwin  now  resides  in  eastern 
Oregon,  and  is  in  the  business  of  raising;  horses; 
Emma,  married  Joseph  Lavery,  and  they  are 
farmers  near  Centralia,  Washington;  Vivian  M. 
married  James  House,  and  died  at  the  age  of 
twenty -one  leaving  one  child;  Franklin  resides 
in  Whitman  county;  Maggie  married  David 
Turner  and  they  reside  in  Columbia  county; 
Sara  V.  died  in  her  nineteenth  year;  Daisy  mar- 
ried 15ehm  Wliitniore,  and  resides  in  Walla 
Walla  county;  and  Dow  is  at  home  with  his 
father  as  also  is  the  youngest,  Bessie. 

;Mr.  Ball  has  been  a  vigorous  Repnblican 
since  the  organization  of  the  party,  and  has  been 
elected  County  Commissioner  and  has  served 
for  four  years.  lie  has  been  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  eight  years,  and  has  never  had  one  of 
his  decisions  reversed.  His  record  for  justaud 
unbiased  rulings  is  creditable  in  the  extreme, 
and  his  fellow-citizens  feel  that  in  him  they 
have  found  the  right  man  for  the  riglit  place. 
Ill  educational  affairs  in  his  district  he  has 
taken  a  deep  interest,  and  for  the  past  thirty 
years  he  has  served  his  district  as  school  clerk 
or  director.  He  was  a  Good  Templar  for  many 
years,  being  a  strong  temperance  num,  and  he  is 
one  of  the  most  respected  of  the  early  Oregon 
pioneers. 

|ILLIAM  M.  KILLINGSAVORTIl,  one 
of  tluf  most  enterprising  capitalists  of 
l*-^!ri  Portland,  was  born  in  Springfield,  Mis- 
souri, September  16,  1850. 

His  parents,  John  and  Eliza  (Shields)  Kil- 
lingsworth,  natives  of  Tennessee,  emigrated  to 
Missouri  in  1850,  and  in  that  State  were  engaged 
in  farming  two  years.  In  the  spring  of  1852 
he  gathered  together  their  worldly  possessions, 


purchased  two  yoke  of  oxen,  a  covered  wagon 
and  necessary  outfit,  and  started  across  the  plains. 
After  some  ten  days  of  travel,  they  learned  of  the 
terrible  ravages  of  cholera  upon  the  plains,  and 
returned  to  Missouri.  In  the  spring  of  1853 
they  again  set  forth,  and,  after  usiuil  hardships 
of  travel  in  those  days,  successfully  accom- 
plished the  long  journey  and  arrived  safe  in 
Oregon  City.  Mr.  Ivillingsworth  jiroceeded  up 
the  valley,  looking  for  a  homestead,  and  finally 
settled  on  320  acres  at- the  head  of  the  valley, 
near  Eugene  City,  and  there  lived  and  farmed 
three  years.  lie  then  moved  to  Eugene  City, 
and  opened  the  Star  Bakery,  and  in  connection 
with  It  operated  a  general  family  grocery. 

William  M.  was  educated  at  Eugene  City, 
good  schools  being  an  early  feature  of  that 
place.  When  he  grew  up  he  engaged  in  busi- 
ness with  his  father,  and  continued  with  him 
fifteen  years.  .In  1882  they  sold  out  and  tlie 
father  removed  to  Dayton,  Washington,  wdiere 
he  was  engaged  in  merchandising  and  the  stock 
business  until  his  death.  William  M.  removed 
to  Portland  in  1382.  With  personal  knowledge 
of  the  advantages  and  resources  of  Oregon,  and 
firm  faith  in  the  future  greatness  of  Portland, 
he  boldly  invested  all  that  he  had  in  property 
lying  between  the  Willamette  and  Columhia 
rivers,  the  country  covered  with  timber,  logs 
and  brush.  This  purchase  was  contrary  to  the 
advice  of  his  friends,  but  he  was  (convinced  that 
I'ortlai'.d  would  extend  hei'  borders  to  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  and  he  was  willing  to  wait  and 
s('cure  the  prize.  He  at  once  engaged  in  the 
real-estate  business,  and  devoted  his  energies 
and  enthusiasm  to  the  sale  of  property  between 
the  rivers.  He  has  the  credit  of  doing  more  to 
develop  the  Peninsula  than  any  other  one  man. 
He  has  opened  up  and  sold  North  Albina, 
Lincoln  Park,  (Central  (Vlbina,  Clifford  Tract, 
Megley  Highland,  Sober,  Tract,  Killingsworth, 
and  is  now  devoting  his  energies  to  Point  View. 
He  takes  pride  in  the  fact  that  no  man  ban  in- 
vested a  dollar  with  him  without  reaping  a  re- 
turn of  many  fold. 

Air.  Killingsworth  was  married  at  Portland, 
in  187t5,  to  Miss  Dora  Simpson,  daughter  of 
Hon.  Ben  Simpson,  who  crossed  the  plains  and 
settled  in  Oregon,  in  1845.  This  union  has 
been  blessed  with  five  children:  Maunie  G., 
Annie  F.,  Alice  B.,  William  G.  and  Lou  C. 
The  family  reside  at  the  station  called  Killings- 
worth,  where  Mr.  Killingsworth  has  erected  a 
commodious  and  hantlsouie  house,  costing  $15,- 


HItiTORY    OF    OHEGON. 


60!) 


000,  within  an  inclot!ure  of  ten  acres,  which  ho 
lias  reclaimed  from  tiie  pi'iineval  forest. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has 
filled  all  the  chairs  in  hoth  the  Subordinate 
Lodge  and  Encampment.  While  he  has  never 
eonght  public  office,  lie  was  appointed  by  the 
Legislature  of  IS'Jl,  as  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mission of  the  port  of  Portland — a  commission 
intrusted  with  the  expenditure  of  $500,000  for 
deepening  the  river  channel  from  Portland  to 
the  sea. 

Mr.  Killingswortli  takes  jnst  pride  in  the  fact 
that  his  successes  are  all  due  to  personal  judg- 
ment and  persevering  effort,  unaided  by  out- 
side influence  or  financial  support.  His  word 
lias  ever  been  as  good  as  his  bond,  and  he  is  a 
strong  believer  in  the  golden  rule. 


^LMORAN  HILL.— Our  subject  is  one  of 
the  few  brave  Oregonian  j)ioneers  still  in 
the  land  ot  the  living,  who  made  settle- 
ment here  in  1843.  He  was  born  in  Chariton 
county,  Missouri,  December  26,  1822,  the  son 
of  Wright  Hill,  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  who 
was  married  to  Frances  Christian,  wlio  bore  him 
fourteen  children,  seven  of  whom,  as  far  as  is 
known,  are  living.  Our  subject  was  their  third 
child  and  eldest  son;  and  when  the  family  re- 
moved to  St.  Clair  county,  Missouri,  in  1836, 
lie  was  bound  out  to  Mr.  Jesse  Applegate,  witli 
the  explicit  agreement  that  he  was  to  be  reared, 
educi-ted  and  taught  the  mercantile  business. 
Not  being  afforded  the  schooling  he  expected, 
he  went  home  and  was  permitted  to  go  to 
school  four  months,  which  is  about  all  the  edu- 
cation he  ever  received  from  school  teachers.  He 
was  jiist  nineteen  years  and  seven  months  old, 
when,  July  4,  1841,  he  married  Miss  Sarah 
Jane  Reed,  a  native  of  Indianapolis,  born  Janu- 
ary 26,  1823,  being  seventeen  vears  and  seven 
months  old;  or  seven  months  younger  than  her 
husband  when  they  were  married.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Joseph  C.  Reed. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hill  have  passed  through  many 
sore  trials  and  hardships  since  their  marriage, 
fourteen  children  have  been  born  to  them;  and 
they  have  passed  the  tiftiet'h  anniversary  of  that 
occasion;  yet,  withal,  they  have  had  their  share 
of  peace  and  happiness,  too,  and  now  they  pos- 
sess their  mental  faculties  unimpaired  and  have 
quite   good    health.     Mr.  Hill   farmed  for  two 


years  after  his  marriage;  then,  in  184u,  in  com- 
])aMy  with  Jesse  Applegate  and  others,  he 
startcfd  on  the  periloii.s  journey  across  the  plains 
with  oxen,  Mr.  Applegate  being  captain  of  the 
company,  and  he  also  supplying  Air.  Hill  and 
others  with  their  outfits.  On  the  Osage  river 
the  lirst-born  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hill  dieil,  and 
was  buried  there.  The  journey  was  a  successful 
one;  and  gratifying  because  this  was  the  first 
wagon  train  to  come  through  for  Fort  Hull,  and 
the  party  had  to  make  its  own  roads. — some- 
times in  the  bed  of  the  river,  sometimes  along 
the  banks  of  the  stream  and  then  over  the 
steps,  the  men  preventing  the  wagons  from 
overturning  by  holding  to  ropes  made  fast  to 
the  wagon  bodies,  as  they  backed  them  down 
the  steep  places. 

A  second  child  was  born  to  our  subject  and 
Ills  wife  at  Burnt  river,  September  27,  1843; 
that  babe  being  now  Mrs.  Diantha  Jenkins,  re- 
siding at  Aquina.  Peter  II.  I'urnett  was  with 
this  party  and  at  the  South  Platte,  Dr.  Whitman 
met  ifaiid  gave  directions  as  to  the  best  route 
to  lake,  his  assistance  proving  most  timely  and 
valuable.  The  party  remained  at  Walla  Walla 
three  weeks,  making  three  skiffs  and  a  batteau, 
with  which  to  make  the  passage  down  the  river. 
The  lumber  for  the  boats  was  sawed,  Mr.  Hill 
being  the  top  eawyer.  At  Walla  Walla  Mc- 
Kinley  was  the  chief  factor,  and  the  members  of 
the  party  traded  him  the  cattle,  for  which  they 
were  to  receive  Spanish  ones  in  the  valley;  but 
it  turned  out  otherwise,  and  when  they  reached 
Vancouver  they  complained  to  Dr.  McLoughlin, 
who  said:  -'Tut,  tut!  You  can't  use  these  wild 
cattle.  We  will  winter  them  for  $1.50  per 
head,  and  you  can  have  yourown  in  the  spring." 
The  Doctor  sold  them  supplies  on  credit,  to 
be  paid  in  wheat  when  they  raised  it,  and  was 
very  kind  in  many  other  ways.  Hard  indeed 
would  have  been  their  lot  had  it  not  been  for 
the  good  doctor;  for  the  poor  fellows  were  al- 
most destitute  when  they  reached  him. 

Mr.  Hill  proceeded  direct  to  Washington 
county  and  settled  upon  what  is  now  known  as 
the  HalleU  place.  He  was  one  of  the  very  earliest 
settlers  in  tliat  part  of  the  county,  his  nearest 
neighbors  being  from  six  to  ten  miles  away, 
Sydney  Smith  being  one,  and  Alvin  T.  Smith 
another.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  II ill  began  life  in  a 
little  log  house  without  any  floor,  and  had  very 
little  to  use  in  housekeeping,  the  most  precious 
thing  being  a  little  pot,  in  which  they  boiled  and 
roasted  and   baked, — in  fact,  did  all  their  cook- 


<*v 


IS 


■•■;« 

l:il 

^ 

1 

4  :i' 
1    '' 

1 

r,io 


UISTORT    OF    OREQON. 


\\\^  ill  it  ftiid  tlieir  washin}»,  too,  and  tliey  ntti 
I'roiii    it    after    tlie    food    was   cooiied.      It  liad 
served  all  these  purposes  all  the  way  aeross  the 
plains,  and  they  yet  have  it,  a  preeions  relic,,  in 
frtirly  f^ood   preservation,  of  those  trying  times 
of   184H.     After  residing  iijwn  the  farm  named, 
for  eigliteen  months,  they  sold  it  for  400  hiiHli- 
els  of    wheat,  that    being  the  currency  of  the 
country  in  those  days,  and   took   the  farm  now 
occupied,  two  and  one-half  miles  east  and  south 
of  the  otiier.     Ujx>n  it  they   Imilt   a  log  house 
and  moved   into  it    March  15,  1845.     Mr.  Ilill 
inclosed  a  small   tield  and  sowed  and  planted, 
later  assisting  in  sawinj;;  the  lumber  for  the  mill 
on  (lales  creek.     The  third   child  waH  born   !«• 
fore  they  had  a  floor  t(»  their   house;  but  they 
soon  had  a  good  hewed  log  house,  in  which  they 
were  both   comfortable  and    happy.     Mrs.  Hill 
says    they   were  a   year  and  a  half  in  Oregon 
before    there    was    another    white    woman    in 
her  house.     During  the  Cayuse  war  M  .  Hill 
volunteered,  but  before  reaching  the  front,  ti- 
dings came  that  the  command  he  was  with  was 
not  nuede<l.      He  was  a  fine  shot  and  one  of  the 
ino.st  succeesful  hunters  among  all  the  Oregon 
pioneers.     When  it  seemed  they  would  he  shut 
off  he  put  his  faith  in  his  trusty  rifle  and  feared 
not.      Many  deer,  panthers  and  boars  have  fallen 
a  prey  to  his  unerring  rifle.     Indians  were  plen- 
tiful about  him;   but   he  got  along  with  them 
very  nicely,  learning  their  language  and  making 
friends  with  them.     Their  tongue  is  still  very 
familiar,  and  it  is  amusing  to  hear  the  old  gen- 
tleman rattle  it  off  at  a  two-four  gait,  to  his  own 
gratification.     One  day  an   Indian  came  to  his 
house  with  the  determination   to  kill    him,  be- 
cause of  some  real  or  fancied  injury  received  at 
somebody's  hands,      lie  brandished  a  huge  knife 
and    preKeiited   a    ferocious   ap[xmrance  to  Mr. 
Hill,  who  was  upon  the  roof  of  the  ho\i8e  when 
the  Indian  entered  the  yard.      His  mind  acting 
(jnickly,  Mr.  Hill  sprang  from  the  ro^f  with  the 
intention  of  getting  hold  of  an  ax  that  lay  upon 
the  ground;  but  the  wily  savage  forestalled  him, 
by  8topj)ing  between  him  and  the  ax,  threaten- 
ing him  with  the  glittering  blade  in  his  hand. 
Mr.  Hill  stood  undaunted  before  the   red   man, 
and  flashed  his  sharp  gray  eye  in   wrath.      Be- 
neath  its   steady,  dangerous  gleam,  the  savage 
became  cowed,  and  after  a  few   moments  slunk 
away.     S|)eaking  of   the   occurrence    Mr.    Hill 
said,  "  I   could    have  killed  him.  but  I  didn't." 
This  is  but  one  of   many   perils  through  which 
cur  subject  passed. 


In  18()0  the  hewed  log  iiousu  gave  way  to  one 
of  frame,  a  somewhat  pretentious  residence,  in 
which  the  worthy  pioneer  couple  have  lived  ever 
since  in  great  comfort,  and  with  probably  as 
great  share  of  happiness  as  falls  to  mankind 
any  where.  Of  their  fourteen  children  the  fol- 
lowing are  living:  Francis  M.  is  iniirried  and 
resides  near  his  parents;  Margaret,  wife  of 
William  O.  Campbell,  and  Ivryphena,  wife  of 
Edward  Mooney,  reside  at  I'endleton;  Hannah, 
wife  of  Herbert  Cowles,  lives  in  the  Yam  Hill 
country;  Sarah  Jane,  wife  of  eJolin  Urisbaii, 
lives  in  North  Yam  Hill;  Almoran  Lincoln  is 
marrie<l  and  lives  on  the  home  farm;  Diantlia, 
the  oldest,  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Jenkins  and  living 
at  Aquina;  besides  the  following  are  dead: 
Narcissa,  when  eighteen;  Mary  Ann,  when 
twenty-two;  Ulysses  Orant,  when  fourteen; 
Wilson  Howlby  die<l  in  infancy;  Amanda  and 
Neta  Caroline.  As  the  names  of  the  children 
indicate,  Mr.  Hill  is  a  Union  man  and  a  Hcpub- 
lican.  Indeed,  he  is  ardently  devoted  to  the 
one  and  an  enthusiastic  suj'porter  of  the  other. 
Ever  since  the  birth  of  the  Republican  party  he 
has  followed  unswervingly  its  leaders  and  has 
done  no  small  part  in  his  community  to 
strengthen  its  forces.  He  has  Ixjen  a  Mason  for 
forty  years,  having  l>een  made  one  at  Ilills- 
boro,  and  was  one  of  the  charter  members 
of  Holbrook  Lodge  at  Forest  Grove.  Mr.  Hill 
has  vivid  recollection  of  the  pioneer  days  that 
would  supply  data  for  a  very  large  book  of 
stirring  scenes  and  great  [)erils  in  the  early 
times.  He  and  his  estimable  wife  are  known 
and  liiglily  esteemed  by  all  the  old  pioneers  of 
the  State,  as  well  as  by  the  younger  generation, 
who  love  them  for  their  sociable  and  hospitable 
ways  and  for  their  gentle,  kind  and  considerate 
natures.       ■•      , 


EOIIGE  N.  FUAZEK,  proprietor  of  the 
Eugene  Iron  Works,  was  born  in  Hrock- 
port,  Monroe  county.  New  York,  in  1851, 
a  son  of  James  Scott  and  Sarah  Ann  (Ken- 
worthy)  Frazic  The  parents  were  natives  of 
Oldham,  England,  and  the  father  was  a  molder 
by  trade.  Emigrating  to  America  they  located 
in  Monroe  county,  New  York,  where  ifr.  Frazer 
built  a  foundry;  he  also  operated  a  stove  store 
and  butcher  shop,  which  enterprises  were  the 
beginning  of  the  town  of  Brockport.     He  con- 


inaroiir  of  ouegon. 


Sll 


tinned  in  biisineHH  there  until  1858,  wlien,  on  hc- 
ooiint  of  rovoives,  lie  sold  out  anil  ronioveil  to 
San  Francisco.  In  tliiB  city  lie  followed  liis  trade, 
with  some  mining  specnlationn  until  1870,  and 
then  moved  to  I'ortland,  Orejfon;  he  was  acci- 
dentally drowned  in  the  fall  of  1872. 

The  education  onieorge  N.  Frazer  was  very 
limited,  as  at  tlio  ago  of  twelve  years  he  began 
learning  the  tradohis father  had  followed  through 
life,  lie  served  his  apprenticeship  in  the  old 
San  Francisco  Iron  Works  and  in  the  old  Oregon 
ironworks.  Inl871heand  his  fatiier  rented  the 
Ea^^le  Iron  Works  at  Portland, and  their  first  con- 
tract was  for  the  iron  work  for  the  Clnekamas 
river  railroad  bridge  below  Oregon  ('ity.  Our 
subject  afterward establisheil  the  Pioneer  lirass 
Foundry  in  Portland,  which  was  destroyed  in  the 
great  lire.  After  this  calamity  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  W.J.  Zimmerman,  and  they 
put  in  operation  the  iron  works,  and  in  1875, 
removed  to  Ashland;  here  they  operated  a  foun- 
dry until  1879,  removing  in  that  year  to  Rose- 
burg.  In  1880  Mr.  Frazer  disposed  of  his  in- 
terests in  the  liusiness,  and  went  to  h)ngene, 
where  in  partnership  with  J.  C.  Long  he  started 
the  p]ugene  Iron  Works;  at  the  end  of  the  first 
year  Mr.  Ix)ng  retired,  and  Mr.  FVa/er  has  since 
conducted  the  busincBs  alone.  The  factory  is 
well  equipped  with  all  the  .modern  machinery 
necessary  for  the  most  delicate  casting  to  those 
of  Ki.\  thousands  pounds  in  weight.  There  are 
no  foundries  south  of  Eugene,  consequently  tlio 
patronage  is  drawn  from  a  wide  territory. 

Mr.  Frazer  was  married  in  Ashland  in  1877, 
to  Miss  Ella  E.  Jackson,  a  native  of  California. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  them:  George 
N.  Jr.,  and  Arthur  L.  J.  The  family  reside  on 
Fifth  street,  between  Olive  and  Charmelton 
streets,  where  they  have  a  pleasant  home.  Mr. 
Frazer  owns  other  valuable  town  property.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  a  host  of 
friends  in  both  business  and  social  circles. 


L.  WILMOT,  a  resident  of  Springfield, 
Lane  county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Cas- 
' »  well  county,  North  Carolina,  May  10, 
1834,  a  son  of  Miles  G.  and  Adelitha  (Hall) 
Wilmot,  who  were  natives  of  the  same  State. 
In  1835  the  father  emigrated  to  Lincoln  county, 
Kentucky,  and  purchased  500  acres  of  land. 
Onr  subject  lived  at  home  until  he  was  thirteen 


years  of  age,  and  then  started  out  to  meet  the 
re8i)onRiliilities  of  lite.  He  went  to  Illinois,  atid 
was  engaged  in  farm  mid  other  work  until  1852, 
when  he  joined  n  jmrty  of  forty,  and  crossed  the 
plains  to  California;  he  mined  in  Placer  county 
until  the  fall  of  1854,  when  ho  decided  to  return 
to  the  East,  lie  went  to  San  Francisco,  and 
taking  passage  on  the  Yankee  Hlach'  was  in  the 
disasteroil  Point  (Joneeption,  in  which  300  of 
the  1,300  passengers  were  lost;  he  was  res(!ned, 
l)Ut  .^5,000  in  golil  and  all  hi.-i  personal  effects 
went  to  the  bottom  of  the  sea.  lie  was  taken  to 
San  Francisco  by  the  steamer  Goliath,  and  again 
engaged  in  mining;  this  did  not  prove  a  success, 
so  he  returned  to  San  Francisco  from  the  Kern 
river  mines,  and  after  working  a  short  time  on 
Mare  island,  he  shipped  upon  the  clipper  West- 
ward llo  for  China;  returning  to  Callao  he 
ship|)ed  on  a  Peruvian  liark  for  a  year,  and  at 
Valparaiso  on  the  Flying  Dutchman  for  Haiti- 
more;  from  this  city  he  returned  to  Kentucky 
and  went  f.'om  that  State  to  Illinois. 

He  was  married  at  Mechanicsburg  in  Novem- 
ber, 1858.  to  Miss  Mary  M.  Eckle,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1859  they  settled  in  Hourbon  county, 
Kansas;  there  Mr.  Wilmot  followed  farming 
until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Kan- 
sas Volunteer  Infantry.  He  participated  in  the 
engagements  at  Osage,  Dry  Woods  and  was  in 
many  hot  skirmishes.  Through  the  consolida- 
tion of  regiments  he  was  mustered  out  at  Wy- 
andotte, Kansas,  and  returned  to  his  home;  he 
resumed  his  farming  operations,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1804,  when  he  once  again  crossed 
the  plains,  his  objective  point  being  settlement 
in  Oregon.  P^orty  miles  west  of  Fort  Laramie 
they  had  twenty-one  horses  stolen  by  the  In- 
dians,, and  a  spirited  engagement  followed,  in 
which  three  of  the  little  band  were  killed,  and 
many  of  the  others  wounded.  Mr.  Wilmot  re- 
ceived ten  arrows  in  his  body,  and  became  sep- 
arated from  his  companions.  He  was  taken  up 
by  another  train,  and  was  kindly  cared  for  until 
restored  to  his  family  and  friends.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1805  he  crossed  the  Cascade  mountains, 
and  entered  the  Willamette  valley,  arriving  in  ■ 
Springfield.  In  1866  he  pre-empted  a  home- 
stead, and  bought  520  acres  of  land  on  Fall 
creek,  where  he  farmed  until  1871.  He  then 
sold  out  and  removed  to  Springfield,  where  he 
bought  property  and  a  small  farm  adjoining  the 
town.  He  secured  a  Government  contract  for 
carrying  mail,  which  he  held  for  eight  years.  In 
the  spring  of  1889  he  was  appointed  Postmaster 


513 


UI8T0UY    OF   OHKaON. 


i!;|t: 


%    :.-! 


of  Springfield,  HBBiitniiig  tlie  duties  of  tlie  office 
tlie  1st  of  July;  lie  litul  n  jfrocery  ntore  in  con- 
neetion,  mid  later  n  ilruf;  business  wliicli  lie  eon- 
ducted  until  .lanniiry,  181)2.  \\v  tlien  sold  out 
liis  stock,  und  the  following  April  resigned  the 
office. 

Mr.-*.  Wilniot  died  in  1888,  leaving  no  chil- 
dren, lie  was  nnirried  a  second  time,  June  27, 
18S!»,  toMiss  Klizabeth  J.  Churchill,  p  cla,.f;hter 
of  Lewis  Clmrcliill,  a  |)ionecr  of  1853.  Our 
subject  tilled  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  several  years,  but  has  taken  little  interest  in 
political  affairs.  He  is  a  uieinber  of  the  Masonic 
order.  lie  has  always  been  faithful  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties,  and  is  one  of  the  honored 
and  veepected  citizens  of  the  State. 


•-t^ 


fUEDKIUCK  BIG KEL.— Though  of  for- 
eign  birth  and  parentage,  the  subject  of 
*^  this  sketch  was  no  less  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  progress  and  development,  which  in  so 
marked  and  known  degree  has  characterized 
the  pioneers  of  Oregon.  Frederick  Hickel  was 
born  in  llessen,  Germany,  May  21,  1832,  his 
ancestry  having  been  residents  of  that  locality 
for  generations,  and  engaged  as  farmers  and 
mechanics.  In  1840  young  Bifkel  with  his  par- 
ents emigrated  to  the  United  States  and  settled 
in  Missouri,  where  his  father  engaged  in  me- 
chanical work  and  our  subject  was  appointed  to 
be  under  tUe  care  of  George  l>aum,  a  leading 
confectioner  of  that  city  (St.  Louis),  to  learn  the 
trade  of  confectioner,  receiving  for  his  services 
thr^e  dollars  per  month  and  board  during  the 
tiiBt  year,  four  dollars  the  second  year,  and  six 
dollars  the  third,  but  during  that  year  Mr. 
George  liaum  died  with  cholera,  which  was  then 
epiilenilc  in  St.  liouis,  and  the  business  was  con- 
tinued by  Mr.  Frank  Dekum,  (now  of  Portland, 
Oregon,)  with  whom  our  subject  continued  un- 
til 1851,  and  then  they  together  started  to  cross 
the  plains,  when  they  changed  their  minds  and 
decided  to  go  to  California  by  the  steamer  to 
Chagres,  thence  across  to  Panama,  and  not  hav- 
ing through  tickets  they  took  a  sailing  vessel 
for  San  I'Vancisco,  which  being  overloaded,  un- 
seaworthy  and  short  of  provisions,  having  350 
passengers  on  board  they  had  to  run  in  at  Aca- 
pnlco,  and  then  left  the  ship.  They  then  se- 
cured passage  on   the  steamer  "Golden  Gate," 


and   duly  arrived  at  their  destination  in  May, 
1852. 

Mr.  liickel  then  began  work  at  his  trade,  and 
after  a  few  months  went  to  Shasta  C'ity,  where 
he  worked  for  wages  until  May  1853,  when  the 
city  was  destroyed  by  lire,  ifaving  received  u 
letter  from  Mr.  Dekum  to  come  to  Portland, 
Mr.  liickel  returned  to  San  Francisco,  gathered 
together  necessary  utensils  for  the  confectionery 
business,  and  by  the  steamer  "Columbia," 
started  for  Portlaml.  Upon  his  arrival,  a  part- 
nership was  formed  with  Mr.  I)ekum  and  they 
piirebased  a  small  bakery,  and  engaged  at  once 
in  the  confectionery  and  bakery  business.  In 
1854  they  built  their  first  business  house,  on 
Front  near  Alder. 

In  1855  Mr.  liickel  enlisted  in  (Jompany  A, 
Oregon  Volunteers,  and  engaged  in  the  Indian 
wars  of  eastern  Oretjon  and  Washint'ton,  which 
was  quite  extended  and  embraced  all  the  tribes 
of  the  Northwest.  He  was  in  the  battle  of 
Walla  Walhi.  which  lasted  four  days,  where  the 
Indian  chief,  Pu  Pu  Mox  Mox  was  killed  and 
the  tribes  scattered.  In  the  spring  of  1856  the 
company  was  dischared  and  our  subject  re- 
turned home  and  resumed  business. 

In  185(5  the  firm  set  up  the  first  soda  water 
fountain  in  Portland  and  did  a  fine  business  dur- 
ing the  heated  months,  continuing  tlie  restaurant 
ami  oyster  business  during  the  winter  months. 
Needing  increased  facilities,  in  1859  Mr.  De- 
kum put  a  larger  buildin.^  on  First  street,  be- 
tween Washington  and  Stark,  and  there  they 
remained  until  1871,  when  the  building  was  re- 
iroved  to  First  street,  lietween  Stark  and  Oak, 
where  the  business  was  continued  in  manufac- 
turing only,  gelling  at  retail  in  the  city  and 
wholesale  throughout  the  Northwest.  The  firm 
continueil  as  manufacturers  until  1880,  when 
our  8ubjec:t  purchased  the  interest  of  Mr.  De- 
kiim,  who  retireii  from  the  firm.  Mr.  Hickel 
then  continued  the  business  until  1883,  when 
he  sold  out  to  Messrs.  Bernheim  &  Manner, 
who  are  still  tnanufacturiiig. 

In  1883  Mr.  Rickel  built  his  commodiouB 
warehouse  on  the  corner  of  North  Front  and  C 
streets,  80  x  100  feet,  four  stories  and  base- 
ment, part  of  which  is  occupieii  for  storage 
furposes  and  the  balance  as  business  property, 
n  1860  he  built  the  New  York  hotel,  on  the 
corner  of  B  and  Front  streets  and  has  been 
much  engaged  in  building  residence  property, 


Jf  '. 


HlsrORY    Oh'    OHBdON. 


nni 


1 


liiiKJdes   many  busineis  houses,  all  of  which  ho 

Htill   UWIIB. 

lln  wiiH  marriod  in  I'ortlmitl,  in  18*34,  to 
Ciitherino  KurUkinil,  a  native  of  Illinois  an<l 
niece  of  Mr.  Krank  Di^kuin.  They  have  had 
five  children,  iiainnly:  Caroline  V.,  (}(ior<^('  I,.. 
Louisa  M.,  Albert  Frank  and  Fniderick.  Mr. 
nickel  liiis  been  a  close  follower  of  busitiess. 
He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  but  has  only  ex- 
ercised his  rijjht  as  a  citizen  to  the  exirnt  of 
castin;^  his  vote  and  paying  his  taxo>.  Hnsiness 
inti!i  "stsanil  family  ties  have  been  tli,'  jroverning 
influences  of  his  lite  and  to  these  he  has  l)een 
equally  faithful.  Hy  hablN  of  industry,  inte(f- 
rity  and  persevei  .ince  he  is  now  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  a  fine  family  and  a  handsome  compe- 
tency. 


i^B^ 


*^. 


Ill  AULKS  IIKGELK  represents  one  of  the 
oldest  crockery  and  glass  stores  of  I'ort- 
land,  and  as  one  of  the  prominent  business 
men  of  the  city  it  is  appropriate  that  some  per- 
sonal mention  of  him  should  be  made  in  this 
work. 

Charles  Ilegele  was  born  in  the  Kingdom  of 
Wurtemberji;,  Germany,  in  1835.  His  ancestors 
were  distinguished  as  students  and  clergyman. 
One  uncle  was  a  missionary  to  t'le  (rerman 
Lutheran  Church  of  Africa  about  1826.  His 
father  was  an  instructor  in  the  schools  of  Wnr- 
temberg.  Charles  was  educated  in  his  native 
country  and  there  served  an  apprenticeship  of 
four  years  to  the  general  merchandise  business. 
In  1854  he  emigrated  to  Now  York  lity  and 
tiiere  secured  a  clerkship.  He  remained  in 
that  city  until  1859.  That  year  he  embarked 
from  New  York  to  San  Francisco,  coming  via 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  on  his  arrival  in 
that  port  was  variously  employed  until  1802, 
when  he  went  to  Victoria,  Hritish  Columbia. 
In  1868  he  came  to  Portland.  The  copart- 
nership of  Alisky  &  Ilegele  was  then  organized 
and  they  opened  a  small  confectionery  and 
also  manufactured  candy  in  limited  quantities. 
In  1871  they  increased  their  facilities  and 
conducted  a  wholesale  business  throughout 
the  Northwest.  This  was  continued  until  1882, 
when  Mr.  Hegele  disposed  of  his  interest  in 
the  establishment  and  made  a  trip  to  Europe, 
visiting  ohl  friends  and  associates.  Returning 
to  Portland    in    the    spring   of  1883,  be  then 


formed  a  copartnership  with  L.  !'.  R.  LeCornpte, 
who  was  thoroiij^hly  familiar  with  the  crockery 
and  ;  lass  business,  and  with  him  cstabliMlied 
tln»  Well-known  house  of  Clias.  Ilegele  tV  Com- 
pany. 

Tlie  nucleus  of  the  present  business  was 
ciganized  in  a  r^iniill  rt^iiil  trade  i"  the  early 
'608  by  the  lirm  of  Crandall  &  I'owle.  who 
engaged  chiefly  in  the  sale  of  oils  and  lamps. 
They  were  succeeded  in  1864  by  Ilayward, 
(/oleman  &  ('omj)any,  who  were  succeeded  by 
Jackson,  Saiulerson  &  Company.  In  1870  the 
retirement  of  Mr.  Sanderson  again  caused  a 
change  in  the  Arm  name  and  it  became  W. 
Jackson  &  Company.  The  business  was  then 
iiicreased  in  order  to  keen  pace  with  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  city,  and  was 
continued  under  that  name  until  1883,  when 
the  est-  'lislnnent  was  sold  to  the  present  pro- 
prietor.-.  Sine*  1865  the  business  lias  iKsen  lo- 
cated in  the  pn'peiit  lu  iility,  although  upon  the 
opposite  corner,  until  the  jiresent  firm  removed 
t<t  its  increased  qnarter-  at  53  and  55  Front 
street,  where  it  orfupn-s  the  entire  Kamm 
building,  40  X  KM)  feet,  four  stories  and  base- 
ment. Their  stock  embraces  crockery,  glass 
ware,  lamps,  plated  ware  and  French  china,  all 
of  which  is  imported  from  Eastern  and  Euro- 
pean manufacturers.  They  were  formerly  agents 
for  the  Peoria  stoneware  of  Illinois,  but  with 
the  retirement  of  that  firm  from  bii>iiiess  in 
1890  Mr.  Ilegele  organized  the  Pacific  Pottery 
Company,  which  located  its  factory  at  North 
Portland,  and  of  which  lompany  Mr.  Ilegele 
was  elected  president.  Since  then  they  hav- 
made  an  extensive  and  expensive  series  of  ex- 
periments, combining  clays  from  all  localities 
until  they  have  succeeded  in  manufacturing  a 
stoneware  unsurpassed  by  any  factory  in  the 
United  States. 

Mr.  Hegele  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in 
1870,  to  Miss  Augusta  ilildehrand,  daughter 
of  G.  W.  Ilildehrand,  a  pioneer  of  1857,  who 
conducted  a  private  school  for  many  years.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hegele  have  two  children,  Her- 
bert W.  and  Hilda  E. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F.  With 
many  importment  enterprises  he  has  been  prom- 
inently connected.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
gold  miners  in  Alaska  and  was  one  of  the  or- 
ganizers of  the  Alaska  Gold  and  Silver  Mining 
Company.  He  was  a  stockholder  of  the  flrst 
Mechanic's  Fair,  the  first  Telephone  Company, 
and  the  Linnton- Portland  Smelting  and  Kefin- 


ftU 


murouY  or  uueoun. 


m 


n 


iii^  ('(iiii|iaiiy-  III  slici't,  cvory  eiitcr|ii-isi^  ttMid- 
iii;r  til  |iroiiii)tc  till'  growlli  and  (Ifvi'lopineiit  of 
his  adopted  city  tjiidn  in  liiiii  un  ciirnest  »ii|>- 
jiorlur. 


\PTA1N    J.   (i.    IlllSTLKU,   the   oldest 

i^iiii;   |)ii(it   of   the   (Ji)liiini)ia   river    hiir, 


will*  iiorn  ill  New  Vori<  city  in  18ljt).  His 
tiitlit'r.  .lackson  Hustler,  was  a  native  of  Imi- 
inland,  and  was  a  scalariiij^  man,  who  was  cap- 
tain of  the  tiist  pacfci't  ship  from  New  York  to 
Liverpool  in  18 1 ^.  lie  followed  the  sea  iip- 
wanl  of  twenty-live  years.  IIIb  wife,  iiridget 
Kelly,  Was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  they  were 
married  in  iNew  York  city. 

J,  Ci.  Ihistler  was  edneated  in  the  schools  of 
New  York  city,  until  the  aj^e  of  thirteen  years, 
when  he  was  iipprtiiticed  upon  the  school  slii|) 
North  Carcdiiui,  and  later  transferred  to  the  old 
ship  Independence,  where  he  continned  the 
stndicB  jiertainin^  to  nautical  life  as  a  midship- 
man, and  he  was  then  placed  npon  the  ship  of 
war  I'rclilc,  and  made  a  cruise  to  the  coast  of 
Africa.  While  lyinj;  in  the  river  Gainiiia  the 
crew  were  attackeil  with  African  fevei',  and  ll'J 
of  I'A'Z  men  on  hoard  succumhed  to  the  terrible 
disease,  several  otKcers  beinij  of  the  nundier. 
Working  the  ship  to  rort  I'raya,  Cape  I)e 
Verde  island,  a  hue  ^ra\evard  was  ari'anf^ed, 
and  there  many  of  the  decensed  were  buried, 
others  beino;  coiisij^ned  to  the  dee])  before  their 
ariival.  They  lay  at  Port  I'raya  for  three 
months  without  seeing  a  sold,  as  the  inhab- 
itants were  afraid  to  come  near.  They  were  at 
last  discovered  by  Commodore  Perry,  of  the 
frigate  Macedonian,  and  a  crew  was  su[)[)lied, 
and  the  atiiieted  sailors  were  returned  to  New 
York,  where  they  landed  in  the  fall  of  1844, 
and  were  then  discharged. 

Our  subject  then  retired  from  the  navy,  and 
after  recuperatinj^,  engaged  as  pilot  out  of  New 
York  harbor,  and  was  an  able  seaman  up  to 
1848.  lie  then  joined  a  company  of  forty-one 
men,  and  purchased  the  brif^  Sarah  McFarland, 
fitted  her  out  with  mining  siijjplies,  and  n|)on 
.lanuary  7,  184t>,  set  sail  for  California,  the  El 
Dorado  of  the  West.  Rounding  Ca])e  Horn, 
the  voyage  was  successfully  accomplished,  and 
they  landed  in  8an  Francisco  in  September. 
The  company  then  broke  up,  sold  the  brig,  and 
our  subject  started  for  the  mines  at  Mokelumne 


Hill,  and  was  very  sncceHsful,  liut  was  taken 
sick,  and  in  November  he  returned  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. There  he  met  Captain  ilohn  White,  an 
old  New  York  pilot,  and  t.)gether  they  came  to 
Astoria  on  the  schooner  Mary  Taylor,  and  an- 
chored otT  the  town  Dticember  25,  1841).  They 
at  once  Itegan  piloting  olf  the  bar,  using  tho 
Mary  Taylor  as  a  ])ilot  boat.  Together  tlioy 
continued  up  to  1852,  when  the  Hoard  of  I'ilot 
(Jomiuissioners  was  organ i/.e<l, and  Captain  Hust- 
ler received  the  first  "liranch."  A  "branch" 
had  been  previously  given  to  (!aptain  White, 
by  the  (iovernor  of  Oregon.  (Japiain  Hustler 
continued  as  pilot  up  to  J851t,  when  through 
sickness  he  was  obliged  to  retire.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  general  merchandise  and  ship  chan- 
dlery, continuing  until  18(58.  After  the  com- 
pletion of  the  .Main  struct  wharf  in  1871,  by 
Iteii  H(dladay,  Captain  Hustler  was  appointed 
wharf  manager,  and  has  tilled  the  position  until 
the  pittseiit  date.  He,  owns  valuable  city  prop- 
erty in  Astoria,  besides  acre  property  on  tlio 
Lewis,  Clark  and  Young  rivers.  He  wan  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Astoria  Iron  Works  iu 
1881,  and  has  for  several  years  held  the  otlicus 
of  secretary  and  treasurer. 

He  was  nuirried  at  Astoria,  in  May,  1852,  to 
Mi.ts  Eliza  Mclvean,  daughter  of  Samuel  T. 
McKean,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1847.  This 
union  has  been  blessed  with  two  children: 
Mary  C,  and  Maggie,  who  became  the  wife  of 
U.  M.  Sneddon,  bu*-  is  now  deceased.  Captain 
Hustler  lias  been  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
since  1854.  In  18(54  he  was  elected  Clerk  of 
Clatsop  county  for  four  years,  and  has  been 
school  clerk  for  thirty  years. 

Thus  is  briefly  jKirtrayed  the  Mfe  of  one  of 
Astoria's  early  and  prominent  pioneers,  wh'.; 
has  been  a  factor  in  the  growth  of  the  city,  an«l 
now  lives  in  the  enjoyment  of  her  greatness. 

fAlTAIN  HI  HAM  MItOWN,  favorably 
known  among  the  early  pilots  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  was  born  in  Cayuga  county, 
New  York,  December  14,  1823.  His  parents, 
Shcniian  and  Polly  (Odgen)  Brown,  were  natives 
of  the  same  locality.  The  former  was  a  tanner 
and  shoo  manufacturer,  and  foi'owed  his  trade 
in  the  States  of  New  York,  Illii.')is  and  'Mis- 
souri. 

Our   subject    improved    the  edu&itional   ad- 


muToitr  uh'  oufcfioif. 


515 


vanta^R  oiTereil  him  in  those  early  days,  and 
remained  with  hiH  pan^nttt  until  the  ago  of 
HOvenU'on,  when  he  Htnick  out  for  nelf-Hupnort, 
and  at  intorvaJH  folluwud  tttuunilioatin^  on  thi< 
iMistioiiri  and  MiH8iHHi|ipi  rivers,  with  occaxioiutl 
engageiiiunts  in  Hawniills  or  Inniherinj^  in- 
tertwtH. 

In  184:9  lie  joined  a  small  company  at  Quincy, 
Illinois,  and  with  one  wa^on  and  four  yoke  of 
oxen  crossed  the  plains  to  (lalitbrniu,  iiniking 
the  trip  in  four  months  and  ten  dayn.  He  en- 
gageil  in  mining  in  (trasn  valley,  which  he  fol- 
lowed ahout  (me  year  with  ^ood  success,  but 
tiring  of  the  occupation  and  life,  he  went  to 
8an  Francisco  and  there  einliarked  on  the  old 
»iile- wheel  wtecnship  California,  for  Oregon. 
After  wai*^',ij(  three  days  off  the  t!olainbia  Itar 
fur  a  ))ilot,  the  cajttain  sailed  in  and  landed  in 
Astoria,  8epteinl)er  1,  1850. 

Mr.  Brown  came  to  Oregon  to  see  the  coun- 
try, lint  finding  occupation  in  the  building  of  a 
sawmill  on  Tonane  1  oint,  iti  which  mill  he  was 
oll'ered  the  position  of  head  sawyer,  he  was  in- 
duced to  remain.  Subsequently  he  began  work- 
ing on  the  river  steamboats  as  a  common  hand, 
and  thus  became  familiar  with  river  navij^a- 
tion.  In  1854  he  secured  a  certificate  to  act  as 
pilot  between  Astoria  and  Portland,  com- 
mencing with  sailinj;;  vessels.  In  1857  he  be- 
gan piloting  the  steamboats  of  the  opposition 
line  of  "Bully"  Wright,  his  first  service  being 
upon  the  Brother  ■lonatlmn.  With  the  transfer 
of  this  line  to  the  Union  I'acific  Company,  (Jap- 
tain  Brown  remained  with  that  com[)any  until 
his  retirement,  October  31,  1889. 

In  addition  to  his  steainboating,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  other  enterprises.  From  1857  to 
1S()3  he  was  engaged  m  mercantile  pursuits 
with  A.  Van  Di.ocii,  a.id  then  formed  a  part- 
nership with  C.  Leinenweber,  and  the  firm 
built  tne  Hemlock  Tannery,  which  was  operated 
until  the  death  of  Mr.  Leinenweber,  in  1889. 
In  1874  they  were  interested  with  others  in 
building  ti..'  first  cannery  in  Astoria,  which  was 
operated  u  ider  the  name  of  BadoUet  &  Co. 
Our  subject  also  owned  canneries  at  Tillamook 
and  Nestucca,  and  conducted  an  extensive 
salmon -caiming  business  until  the  close  of  the 
season  of  1889.  Captain  Brown  has  also  pur- 
chased various  landed  interests  around  Astoria, 
Portland  and  Vancouver. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Quincy,  Illinois, 
in  1846,  to  Miss  Annie  Durfee,  who  died  Au- 
gust 2,  1849,  leaving  one  son,  Horace,  who  was 


drowned  at  Astoria,  June  11,  1880.  (/aptain 
Brown  foutid  his  second  wife  at  Astoria,  in 
Miss  Ksther  Stephens,  to  whom  ho  was  married 
in  IHott.  ('aptain  and  Mrs.  Brown  have  had 
four  children,  namely:  .\nnic,  now  Mrr^.  C  11. 
I'age;  Ida.  now  Mrs.  ,1.  K.  Thomas;  (Jliarli^s  S. 
and   Hi  ram  K. 

The  Captain  built  his  residence  in  upper  As- 
toria in  1859,  which  was  subsecjuently  removed 
on  scows  and  hauled  to  its  present  loc-ation, 
No.  581  \t  all  street,  then  remodeleii  and  im- 
jiroved.  Among  his  other  property  interests 
('aptain  Brown  still  owns  the  water  front  upon 
which  lie  first  landed  in  1850.  He  is  I'ast 
Master  of  Tem])le  i.(»dge.  No.  7,  A.  K.  ife  \.  M.. 
and  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  conservativo 
business  men  of  Astoria. 


•■'^^ 


W 


•^^- 


§ON  JOHN  W.  COWLES,  a  well-known 
and  influential  citizen  of  McMiniiville, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Onondaga  county, 
New  York,  on  November  3,  1823.  His  father, 
Cyrus  Cowles,  was  a  native  of  New  York,  while 
his  grandfather,  Adonijah  Cowle.-i,  was  born  in 
Massachusetts,  Their  ancestors  were  early  set- 
tlers of  Massachusetts,  and  grandfather  (!owles 
fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war  on  the  side  of 
the  colonies.  Mr.  Cowles'  father  married  Miss 
Ilaohel  White,   a   native   of   New    Y'^ork.      Her 

1)eople  also  were  early  settlers  of  .Massachusetts. 
ler  grandmother  was  a  Knox.  The  White 
family  were  Methodists  and  the  ('owles  were 
promiiient  members  of  the  iMasonic  fraternity. 
His  parents  had  five  children,  three  of  whom 
are  living. 

Our  subject  was  reared  in  his  native  State 
and  attended  school  at  the  De  Ueuter  Institute 
and  the  Pompey  Hill  Academy.  After  leaving 
school  he  became  a  teacher,  removing  in  1840, 
to  Ohio,  where  he  continued  to  teach  and  also 
to  do  farming.  He  next  resided  in  Wisconsin, 
where  he  remained  for  five  years,  when,  in  the 
spring  of  1852,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Cali- 
fornia and  engaged  in  mining  near  Placerville, 
where  he  was  quite  successful,  but  on  account  of 
failing  health  was  obliged  to  discontinue  min- 
ing. He  then  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where 
he  sought  employment  until  his  funds  were  re- 
duced to  $2.50.  He  then  secured  a  school  in 
Yam  Hill  county,  six  miles  north  of  McMinn- 
ville.     One  day,  before  lie  had  found  employ- 


510 


IllbTOUY    OF    (JllKdON. 


I  I' 


'   I 


r.! 


\A 


iMfiit,  111'  Will-  wiilkiiijj;  along  in  tlic  liiiii,  feeling 
very  iiiiicli  (lejireHscd,  ami  oUferving  Zcbedee 
Shclddii  ill  liis  yard,  Mr.  Cowlfs  iihiied  liiiii  for 
\M)rl<.  Oil  luariiiiiir  that  our  miiyeet  wan  a 
teacher,  Mr.  Sheldon  said.  "1  liave  .-i.x  cliihlreii, 
I  will  give  you  ^\()  for  laeli  lor  tliiee  months' 
t-cliooli';g."  ()veijoye<l,  Mr.  CJowleK  aceeptcd 
the  l<:iid  uii'er,  which  was  iiidci^d  a  windfall  to 
him.  Bill,  alas,  lor  his  fond  liopesi  Mr.  iShel- 
don  had  leckoned  witli<int  his  host,  or  latlier, 
without  his  wife,  who,  on  coiibultation,  decided 
not  Id  have  the  children  taught. 

Mr.  Cowles  then  olfercd  to  stay  and  teach  a 
few  days  for  his  hoard  until  the  rain  suhsided. 
After  he  hud  coinnujiiced  to  teach  they  decided 
he  might  stay.  Two  of  the  hoys  whom  he 
taught  that  winti^r  are  now  physicians,  one  lo- 
cated at  Eugene  t'ity,  the  other  at  Salem.  Af- 
ter teaching  for  three  months  he  secured  a 
school,  which  he  tniight  for  two  years  ami  a 
half.  The  schoolliouse  was  two  miles  and 
a  half  from  McMinnville,  but  McMinnville  was 
then  only  a  donation  claim.  The  county  was 
sparsely  settled  and  the  scholars  came  on  iiorse- 
hack. 

Ill  1S57  Mr.  Oowles  was  elected  (.bounty 
Auditor,  but  was  able  to  do  the  county  busi- 
ness and  continue  his  teaching.  He  was  Inter 
elected  (.-ounty  Clerk,  and  was  elected  County 
.ludge  for  two  terms  in  succession.  He  was 
then  sent  to  the  State  Semite,  lie  hail  become 
a  Republican  on  the  organization  of  that  party, 
and  it  was  at  their  first  meeting  that  he  was 
nominated  for  Amlitor.  He  was,  during  the 
war,  a  strong  Union  man.  He  continued  to 
rntain  the  position  of  Auditor  until  tlie  State 
Constitution  was  adopte<l,  when  he  was  elected 
Clei'k.  During  the  eight  years  he  served  as 
County  Judge  he  was  engaged  in  farming  three 
miles  northwest  of  McMinnville. 

Ill  18t»4;  he  opened  a  mercantile  establish- 
iiioiitut  McMinnville,  in  partnership  with  .lames 
R.  I»ean.  After  a  year  and  a  half  in  business 
he  returned  to  his  farm,  remaining  there  until 
188h.  He  then  assisted  in  orgs  .'lizing  the  Mc- 
Minnville National  Dank,  of  which  institution 
he  WHS  elected  I 'resident,  which  position  he 
still  retains.  His  well-known  reputation  for 
fidelity  and  unswerving  integrity  have  contrib- 
uted materially  to  the  success  of  this  banking 
eut,er|)rise.  wiiich  has  grown  from  small  begin- 
nings to  Ih<  one  of  the  largest  in  the  city.  The 
banking  company  own  the  building  in  which 
thev  transact  business,  which  is  one  of  the  best 


in  the  place.  Mr.  C'owles  has  aided  in  improv- 
ing the  city,  having  built  several  residences,  as 
well  as  assisting  in  the  erection  of  the  bank 
bui'ding.  The  lirst  dwelling  house  was  built 
in  iSfJD,  when  there  were  very  few  people  in 
the  place. 

He  was  married  in  18^1,  to  Mrs.  Lucretia 
Martin.  They  have  had  one  child,  Mary,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  two  and  one-half  years.  Their 
kindness  of  heart  has  been  allowed  to  take  prac- 
tical shape  in  the  rearing  and  education  of  sev- 
eral children,  not  their  own,  only  as  we  are  all 
members  of  the  one  large  family  of  humanity. 

Enterprising,  public-spirited  and  possessing 
superior  linancial  ability,  combined  with  the 
sterling  virtues  of  honor  and  integrity,  he  has 
established  a  desirable  reputation  among  his 
fellow-citizens,  inspiring  them  with  the  utmost 
regard  for  his  worth,  and  exciting  the  aiiectioii 
of  a  host  of  personal  friends. 


-f©©-N-=s^ 


?0]r\V.  IvOSS,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1851, 
was  born  in  Woodbury,  New  Jersey,  Sep- 
tember 17,  1811.  His  parents,  .lacob  and 
Elizabeth  (Sparks)  Ross,  were  natives  of  the 
same  State.  They  emigrated  to  Ohio,  in  1810, 
and  in  1830  to  Illinois,  and  were  continuously 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  .lob  W.  was 
reared  upon  the  farm  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  the  age  of  twenty-one,  when  he 
learned  the  carpenters'  trade,  w.hich  he  followed 
at  I'eoria,  Illinois. 

He  was  there  married  to  Miss  Mary  Bowman 
and  in  the  spring  of  1851,  with  two  wagons 
and  seven  yoke  of  o.'ien.  he  joined  a  little  com- 
pany of  friends,  and  started  to  cross  the  plains, 
with  his  wife  and  four  children.  Owing  to  the 
\'\ix}\  water  they  fell  behind  the  tide  of  emigra- 
tion, and  upon  the  Platte  river  they  were  cap- 
tured by  Pawnee  and  Omaha  Indians,  and  de- 
spoiled of  provisions  and  camp  equipments,  and 
when  released  were  obliged  to  return  to  Iowa, 
and  pass  the  winter  there.  Mr.  Ross  occupied 
his  time  that  winter  in  hunting  and  trapping, 
and  in  the  s))ring  of  1852  the  little  family 
started  out  again,  and  this  time,  without  un- 
usual experiences,  and  after  six  months'  time 
they  reached  the  Willamette  valley.  From  that 
lovely  spot  they  journeyed  to  Astoria,  where 
they  landed  in  November,  and  our  subject  be- 
gan work  at  his  useful  trade,  'vl'lo    liis  helpful 


UlarOHY    OF   nil  Know 


517 


wife  t'ligaged  as  cook  in  a  hiinbcr  camp,  at  S75 
pur  montli.  So  HuccesBt'ul  was  she  at  tills  biisi- 
iieMs  of  provi(iin<5  provisions  ^liat,  in  a  few 
inontiia  her  iiushanii  slurtcd  a  o,.:i 'dinj^  iuiust', 
rented  rooms  and  tiiiis  continiu''  nntii  1.S55, 
mMicm  he  liuilt  a  house  and  followed  tin*  biisinesH 
for  a  niiiiiber  of  years,  ably  assisted  by  his  wife. 
In  Iblill  Mr.  Uoss  was  one  of  a  stock  company 
to  ijiiiid  "Liberty  Hall,''  to  be  occupied  by  so- 
cial, political  and  religio\is  gatherings.  This 
was  the  first  hall  erected  in  the  town,  and  has 
been  continuously  managed  by  Mr.  Koss,  who 
now  owns  a  controlling  interest  of  the  stock. 
i[r.  and  Mrs.  Ross  have  Bi.\  children,  namely: 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Jacob  ('oe,  deceased;  Mary 
Ann,  widow  of  Lyman  Hall,  deceased;  William; 
Surah,  now  Airs.  iSicholas  Clinton;  (ieorge,  and 
Albert. 

Mr.  lioBs  has  not  been  in  active  business  since 
1865,  except  when  he  served  as  Deputy  In- 
spector in  the  Custom  House  Depiirtment  for  a 
term  of  three  years.  He  has  a  pleasant  home, 
overlooking  the  town,  surrounded  by  well-kept 
groiiiidfe,  in  which  are  a  i\umber  of  choice 
shrubs  and  plants,  and  here  he  employs  his  idle 
nu)ment8,  and  watches  with  interest  the  growth 
and  development  of  his  adopted  city. 


fOHN  S.  CLARK,  although  yet  ;*  young 
man,  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  of  Union 
county, Oregon.  Hewasbor;;in  whatisnow 
known  as  Washington  county,  Oreguri  Febru- 
ary 4,  1848.  llis  father,  Daniel  Cla'-k,  was 
born  in  Ireland  and  was  'jrought  to  America 
when  but  four  years  of  age,  and  came  to  Oregon 
in  1844,  and  married  Miss  Rerthian  Herrin. 
She  was  a  native  of  Indiana  who  came  to  Ore- 
gon with  her  parents  in  1S45,  and  nnvrricd  Mr. 
Clark  in  1847.  He  died  in  1885  at  the  age  of 
sixty  one,  and  she  in  18(52  at  the  age  of  thirty- 
two. 

.lohnClark  attended  the  public  schools,  and 
when  fitted  entered  Williunette  College  at  Salem, 
Oregon,  and  there  com ple'eil  his  education.  In 
l8t)U  ,Iohn  started  in  life  for  himself,  came  to 
(irande  Ronde  valley  where  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising.  He  continued  in 
this  business  for  four  years  ai\d  then  went  to 
Cove  and  started  there  a  numufactoring  shop  in 
connection  with  a  blacksmith,  which  grew  into 
an  implement  bi'siness,  with  a  general  mercan- 


tile trade.  In  1881  he  sulTered  the  loss  of  his 
right  arm  l)y  having  it  caught  in  some  of  the 
machinery  of  the  manufactory,  and  being  so 
disali'ed  by  this  accident  that  he  (!ould  not  fur- 
ther matnvge  the  business,  then  sold  out  and 
look  charge  of  I^'rank  I'rothers  large  iniplenient 
house,  at  LaCtraiule.  As  mnnagcr  he  cotitiniu'd 
with  that  company  until  1891.  and  then  opened 
a  business  of  his  own  in  grain  and  feed,  buying 
and  selling,  at  which  he  continues  at  the  pres- 
ent time. 

In  the  spring  of  18i(2  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Democratic  party  for  C/'ounty  Assessor,  and 
he  was  elected  in  ihine  of  the  same  year  by  a 
majority  of  780  votes  over  two  other  candidates, 
in  a  Republican  county  and  a  vote  of  less  than 
3,500  which  shows  the  exterVsivo  acfpiaintance 
and  popularity  he  has  in  his  county.  He  is  an 
energetic,  pushing  man  ami  notwithstanding  his 
misfortunes  he  has  accumulated  until  he  luis  u 
homo  of  his  own,  and  is  in  a  good  busiu'^'ss. 

The  mairiage  of  Mr.  Clark  was  celebrated  in 
October,  1870.  with  Miss  Anna  \i.  Rees,  ji 
daughter  of  Willard  II.  and  Aniatula  Rees,  nee 
Hall.  She  was  born  in  Marion  county  in  1852. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clark  have  three  children:  Wil- 
lard IL,  Myrtle  E.,  and  Ijora.  In  his  political 
opinion.^  Mr.  Clark  has  always  aililiated  with 
the  Democratic  party. 


^^(g:^^>;^ 


tOUIS  G.  ALTMAN,  M,  D.-Rrominent 
among  the  leading  physicians  of  the  Home- 
opathic school  is  tlie  above  mimed  gentle- 
man, a  brief  resume  of  whose  life  is  as  follows: 

Dr.  Altman  is  a  native  of  the  Buckeye  State, 
and  dates  his  birth  in  Stark  county,  Augu.«t  ID. 
1852.  His  parents  Solonia'i  F.  and  l?arbara 
((iilbert)  Altman,  were  ('(•■th  initives  of  Ohio, 
tlie  former  of  German,  the  latter  of  English 
e.xtractioi. 

In  a  family  of  five  children  the  sul)ject  of 
this  sketch  was  the  first-born,  and  he  received 
his  educatio!!  in  fhe  public  schools  of  his  ini- 
ti\e  State,  coinpleteing  his  course  in  the  Otter- 
bein  University,  in  1876.  He  then  ta\ight 
school  for  .several  years,  in  the  meanwhile  read- 
ing medicine,  under  W.  II.  Thomas,  an  etnincnt 
physician  of  Elkhart,  Indiana.  After  one  year 
of  reading  under  the  guidance  of  Dr.  Thomas, 
he  entered  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College  and 


,>fT>  -  Tr 


«18 


UmrOHY    OA'    OHEnoN. 


ill     iMin 


!5  I  i 


iff, 


8*     'F 


lie  also  practicoil  a  nhort  time  at  Hristc^l, 
me  State,  find  tlieii  removed  to  St.   Fran- 


Ilospital  of  Chicago,  from  wliicli  lie   i^radiiated 
with  lioiiorB,  in  1882. 

Dr.   Altinan  established   hiinselt'  in    practice 
at    Warsaw,    Indiana,    where  he  remained  one 
year, 
the  Hami 

cis,  Kansas,  and  engaged  in  active   practice  for 
some  si.x  years. 

At  St.  Francis,  in  1887,  September  4,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Ethlinda  Jarvis,  a  native  of 
Ohio,  and  they  have  one  child,  Alta  A.  Mrs. 
Altnian  is  a  lady  of  culture  and  rotineirient,  and 
graduated  from  the  Otterbein  University  of 
Westerville,  Ohio,  in  the  class  of  1882,  and 
engaged  in  teaching  in  Ohio  and  Indiana  for 
several  years. 

Dr.  Altman  and  family  removed  to  Oregon, 
in  1891,  and  located  in  the  city  of  Oorvaiiis, 
where  the  Doctor  lias  built  up  a  good  and  con- 
stantly growing  practice.  His  a'.Miity  as  a 
medical  adviser  has  met  with  ready  recognition 
by  the  medical  fraternity  and  the  community 
at  large.  IJe  is  thoroughly  skilled  in  his  pro- 
fession, and  his  patrons  are  among  some  of  the 
most  refined  and  cultured  families  of  Oorvallis, 
and  throujihout  the  entire  county.  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Altman  are  consistent  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church. 


^j-*!*^ 


fUANGIS  FOLEY,  of  Adams,  Umatilla 
county,  Oregon,  a  pioneer  of  the  I'aciKc 
elope,  born  in  Vermillion  county,  Illinois, 
July  27, 1834,  was  the  son  of  .John  Foley,  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  of  Sarah  (Hay worth)  Foley,  born 
in  Ohio,  of  Scot 'h  parentage.  The  father  re- 
moved to  Illinoi-*,  a  single  man,  in  an  early  day, 
was  married  there,  after  which  he  went  to  Lake 
county,  Indiana,  living  there  until  1852,  when 
he  settled  in  Dallas  county,  Iowa,  taking  up 
land,  buying  some  and  improving  all  into  a  good 
r;irm,  upon  which  he  lived,  and  where  he  finally 
died,  February  22,  1892,  aged  uincty-five,  hav- 
ing been  born  July  15,  1797.  His  wife,  born 
July  22,  1811,  still  living  in  Iowa,  bore  him 
eight  cliildren,  four  of  whom  are  yet  living: 
one  in  California,  two  in  Iowa,  and  one,  our 
subject  and  the  second  child,  in  Oregon. 

F>ancis  Foley,  reared  ujjori  a  farm  with  much 
hard  work  to  do.  hud  but  little  opportunity  for 
schooling,  and  what  he  did  receive  was  in    the 


not  too  thorough  district  schools.  lie  remained 
at  home  until  twenty-four  years  of  age,  wheti 
he  went  to  Kansas,  at  that  time  a  new  country, 
settling  upon  a  claim  near  Emporia,  in  Lyons 
county,  and  improved  it,  only  to  discover  later 
that  it  was  included  in  the  Indifm  grant.  It 
was  hard  to  give  it  up  after  all  the  hard  work 
he  had  bestowed  upon  it,  but  he  had  to  do  it; 
so  in  1864  ho  pulled  up  stakes  and  went  to 
Oregon,  driving  an  ox-team  all  the  way,  taking 
six  months  for  the  journey.  Our  subject  lo- 
cated at  the  Grande  Ilonde  valley,  near  the  cove, 
in  Union  county,  living  there  ten  years. 

Our  subject  was  married  November  6,  1864, 
in  Union  county,  (Jregon,  to  Hannah  Heese, 
daiighter  of  George  IL,  and  Margaret  (Wright) 
llcese,  and  born  March  22,  1850.  The  parents 
of  Mrs.  Foley  were  natives  of  Ohio.  Mr. 
F^oley  met  his  wife  while  on  the  long  journey 
to  Oregon,  and  seeing  her  day  by  day,  the  ac- 
quaintance ripened  into  love.  In  the  year  1874, 
he  with  his  wife  retraced  the  way  back  to  Iowa, 
remaining  there  eight  years,  when  they  came  again 
to  Oregon  in  1882,  settling  near  Athena,  in  Uma- 
tilla county,  where  they  lived  seven  years.  Our 
subject  ticen  took  his  family  to  Jackson  county, 
but  not  liking  the  country,  returned  to  Umatilla, 
and  bought  a  farm  of  200  acres,  four  miles 
south  of  Athena,  near  Adams,  upon  which  he 
now  resides.  In  1891  ho  built  a  handsome 
residence  upon  this  property,  where  he,  his 
wife  ami  children  pass  their  days  happily  to- 
gether. 

The  parents  of  Mrs.  Foley  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon  with  her  in  1864.  Mr.  Kee.-e  died 
in  1876,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  years;  his 
wife  is  living  at  the  age  of  seventy,  in  Willow 
county.  She  is  of  Welsh  descent,  her  father 
having  been  born  in  Wales.  The  union  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Foley  has  been  crowned  with  three 
children,  namely:  John  W.,  George  IL,  and 
Nellie,  all  of  whom  the  parents  have  good 
cause  to  be  proud.  John  W.  began  as  a  stu- 
dent at  Salem,  and  finished  his  education  at  the 
Portland  University,  Portland,  while  (Tcorge 
H.  took  the  business  course  at  the  latter  insti- 
tution, and  Nellie,  also  received  an  excellent 
education  and  has  taught  school,  but  is  now  at 
home  with  her  parents.  In  politics  Mr.  Foley 
is  a  Republican. 


iifsTour  OF  onictios. 


5  111 


fKANCiS  FKLLKIi,  one  of  the  most  enter- 
prising aii'l  ]»r(ispen)UB  farnit'i'B  uf  French 
Prairie,  Miirion  county,  is  a  native  of  Lor- 
raine, France,  born  .Inly  'J8,  1840.  He  is  of 
Freneli  ancehtry  and  was  reared  and  ediioated  in 
liis  native  huid  nntil  hit*  til'teentii  year.  In  1855 
his  father  and  family  eniiffrated  to  the  United 
States  and  8ettle(l  in  tiie  State  of  Illinoift.  In 
1857  he  came  by  water  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  from  there  direct  to  French  Prairie  and 
l)eiran  his  career  as  a  farm  hand.  In  18(53  he 
went  to  tlie  mines  in  Idaho,  engaged  in  placer 
mining  for  a  year,  made  some  money,  as  in  one 
Bingle  day  he  took  out  ^800,  and  for  two  weeks 
in  succession  made  ^1,000  per  week  for  his 
share. 

In  the  fall  of  18()4:  our  subject  returned  to 
French  Prairie  and  attended  sciiool  for  three 
moTiths,  devotinir  the  most  of  his  time  to  the 
.study  of  mathenuitics.  I5efore  going  to  the 
mines  in  Idaho  he  had  become  acijuainted  with 
a  beautiful  and  estimable  young  lady,  a  Miss 
Kheunndi  Whitney,  a  native  daughter  of  French 
Prairie,  born  Octolier  15,  1847.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  William  Whitney,  an  English 
gentleman  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  fann- 
ers and  pioneers  of  French  Prairi.0,  who  came 
here  in  1847.  To  this  charming  young  lady 
our  subject  was  married  March  12,  1865.  His 
fathei'  had  become  tiie  owner  of  from  4,000  to 
5.000  ai'res  of  land  and  he  gave  each  of  his 
children  !?1,000  and  applied  it  on  the  land  if 
they  bought  it  from  him,  they  pnyiug  him  six 
per  cent  on  the  remaining  debt.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Feller  obtained  420  acres  of  the  lai;d  an<l  Mr. 
F'eller  paid  cash  for  the  balance,  over  $1,000. 

On  this  choice  property  our  subject  and  wife 
began  married  life.  They  worked  hard,  im- 
proved it  and  built  upon  it  and  prospered.  In 
1875  Mr.  Feller  sold  it  to  one  of  his  brothers- 
in-law  and  purchased  860  acres,  which  is  the 
beautiful  farm  \ipon  which  he  now  lives,  on 
French  Prairi?.  Of  this  property,  by  his  intel- 
ligent effort,  he  has  made  one  of  the  best  farms 
in  Oregon,  and  in  1888  he  built  a  arge  and 
elegant  farm  residence,  one  of  the  l)eo  planned 
and  finished  in  the  State.  Mr  Feller  ha« 
planted  a  large  hop  garden,  and  in  connection 
with  his  farming  he  largely  engages  in  the 
growing  of  hops,  and  for  this  bnniness  he  has 
built  a  larg((  hop  house  in  accordance  with  the 
most  approved   methods. 

Our  subject  \*  al»u  a  stockholder  and  vice- 
president  of  tiic  Farmers'  Warehouse  Associa- 


tion and  in  this  warehouse  is  stored  their  own 
grain  until  they  are  ready  to  ship  it  and  sell, 
lie  also  engages  in  loaning  his  surplus  fuiuis. 
To  Mr.  anil  Mrs.  I'eller  liave  been  born  nine 
children,  as  follows;  , lames  I*,  and  William  F. 
are  married,  reside  on  the  farm  and  are  man- 
aging the  hop  business.  The  otluw  children 
are  at  lioine  and  are  nameil  Alfred,  Kli/abe.lh 
May,  Nellie,  llattie,  Annie,  (/harles  and  Ida. 
Tiiey  all  inherit  a  strong  physical  organization 
and  are  all  through  a  very  fine  family,  the 
youngest  being  two  years  of  age. 

Mrs.  Feller  died  of  a  cancerous  ulcer  October 
1,  1892.  She  had  been  a  most  ftdthful  wife 
and  kind  ir.otlu^  and  had  aided  her  husband  in 
all  of  his  undertakings,  helped  him  to  plan  the 
fine  residence,  and  the  husband  and  children 
met  with  a  very  sad  and  serious  loss  when  she 
was  taken  from  them.  .\s  soon  as  her  hnsbaml 
had  learned  of  the  nature  of  her  troubki  he 
sought  aid  from  the  most  competent  physicians 
in  Oregon  and  the  West,  and  then  took  her  to 
California  for  medical  treatment,  bat  all  was  of 
!io  avail,  and  sadly  the  husband  bionght  her 
back  to  her  home,  which  she  soon  left  to  return 
no  more. 

Mr.  Feller  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order 
and  has  held  the  important  office  of  Secretary  of 
his  lodge  and  also  belongs  to  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Di^inociat  and  has  received 
from  his  party  the  nomination  for  the  State 
Legir'lature  and  also  for  (Commissioner  of  the 
county,  but  in  both  cases  he  was  defeated,  but 
was  a  strong  and  popular  candi(lnte,  running  far 
ahead  of  his  ticket,  as  his  party  was  largely  in 
the  minority,  llo  is  a  well  and  thoroughly  in- 
formed man  on  general  topics  and  is  a.-,  good  a 
business  man  as  a  farmer,  a  citizen  who  has 
earned  his  prosperity. 

— ^^M^m^-^ — 

fOITN  P.  COLF,  a  prominent  lumberman 
of  Aurora,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  the  State 
of  Illinijis,  having  been  born  in  Chester, 
liandolph  county,  November  7,  1838.  He  is 
of  Knglish  ancestry  and  at  the  time  of  the  Kev- 
olntioiniry  war  had  been  very  numerous,  as 
ninety  of  his  relatives  participated  in  that  strug- 
gle. <Trandfather  Nathan  (Jole,  the  second, 
was  born  in  New  York,  became  a  merchant,  but 
latf  r  removed  to  Fast  St.  Louis,  lie  purchased 
a  tract  of  iaixl  in  Illinois,  where  the  city  tA 
Chester  now  stands,  and  here  he  died  in  his  fif- 
tieth year.     He  left  a  family  of  seven  sons. 


'^  ^   'im, 


580 


inSTOHY    OF    OJiJiGOX. 


'U   I 


h] 


Abner  H.,  tlio  oldest  in  tlio  family  of  Nathan 
(Jolt),  wuB  liorn  in  1811,  kikI  married  Miss 
jS'uiicy  \l.  Coclirai),  a  niifive  of  Uandolpli 
county,  lilinois.  BIk;  was  born  in  1817,  her 
parents  havinf^  come  to  Illinois  from  theSontii. 
Mr.  A.  15.  Cole  reared  a  family  of  four  children 
by  !iis  first  wife,  of  whom  our  subject  was  tiie 
eldest.  The  mother  died  in  1840,  in  her  thirty- 
second  year,  but  the  father  survived  to  be 
eighty-one  years  of  afre,  his  death  occurring  in 
1890.  lie  had  come  to  Oregon  in  18()2,  en- 
gajjing  in  the  occu|)ation  of  a  fanner.  He  was 
in  his  religious  views  a  Presbyterian  and 
through  life  a  man  of  tlu?  highest  leliability. 

Our  sidiject  received  a  common-school  edu- 
cation in  Chester,  Illinois,  later  enjoyed  educa- 
tional ailvantages  at  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  and 
still  later  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  lie  learned 
the  mercantile  business  in  his  father's  store,  in 
Chester,  Illinois.  This  was  a  large  retail  estal)- 
lishniont  conducted  in  connection  with  the  mill- 
ing business.  In  18G1  he  crossed  the  plains 
with  a  inimlier  of  cattle,  intending  to  bring 
them  to  Gray's  Harbor,  and  by  the  time  he  had 
reached  Walla  Walla  he  concluded  it  would  not 
jiay  to  take  them  farther.  The  hard  winter  of 
18t)l-"t)3  then  came  on  and  he  lost  seventy 
head,  all  that  then  remained.  The  next  sum- 
mer he  burned  charcoal  and  later  packed  pro- 
visions to  the  mines.  In  June  his  father  and 
family  came  to  Orgon  by  water  and  they  in- 
duced Mr.  (k)le  to  come  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley. They  settled  at  Salem  and  Mr.  Cole 
worked  in  the  woolen  mills.  In  the  spring 
they  moved  to  a  farm  of  750  acres,  which  his 
father  had  bought  in  the  Waldo  Hills,  and  this 
property  is  still  owned  by  the  family. 

On  January  5,  1865,  he  was  married  to  Mrs. 
Mary  A.  CJondit,  a  native  of  Illinois,  born  in 
1839,  and  a  daughter  of  Rev.  John  8.  lieasoner. 
Mr.  Iteasorer  came  to  Oregon  in  1852  and  Mr. 
Condit  in  1854.  By  her  firs',,  marriage  Mrs. 
Cole  ha<i  one  child,  Alva  M.  Condit,  wtio  now 
residi.'s  at  I'ark  Place,  (Jregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cole  have  had  tije  following  children:  Abner 
1?.,  John  li.,  jN'athan  E.,  Emma  A.,  (Jhristopher 
O,  anil  Itebecca  A.  Abner  B.  and  Nathan  E. 
are  now  in  the  lumber  business  with  their  fa- 
ther; Christopher  is  attending  school,  and 
Emma  is  teaching  school. 

After  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole  re- 
sided on  the  farm  until  1h77,  and  then  removed 
to  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Molalla  river,  where 
ho  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  milling  business. 


In  1888  he  built  a  mill  and  residence  at  Aurora, 
at  which  place  lie  has  since  lived.  Iliire  he  has 
a  |ilaning  mill  in  connection  with  his  other  mill 
and  has  a  lai'i;e  local  trade  for  his  lumber  and 
lath,  which  he  is  able  to  su[)])ly,  as  his  mill  has 
a  capacity  of  1,000  feet  per  hour.  Mr.  Cole  is 
a  Prohibitionist  and  was  the  nominee  of  his 
party  for  the  State  Legislature.  Previous  to 
this  he  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  I'eace  in 
Marion  county,  lie  and  his  wife  are  worthy 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  he 
has  been  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday-school 
and  Superintendent  of  the  same  for  many  years. 
They  are  worthy  people  and  highly  esteemed. 

fllARLES  ALBRIGHT,  Jk.,  a  native  of 
Oregon  City,  and  one  of  her  very  enter- 
prising business  men,  was  born  March  1, 
1856.  His  father,  Charles  Albright,  Sr  ,  came 
to  Oregon  in  1852;  he  was  born  in  Germany 
and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1821;  was  the 
pioneer  butcher  of  Oregon  City,  and  the  busi- 
ness has  sinc(>  been  carried  on  continuously  by 
himself  and  his  son,  who  succeeded  him.  The 
senior  Albright  brought  with  him  to  this  coast 
his  wife  and  five  children,  settling  at  this  point 
and  opening  out  in  his  business.  By  giving  it 
his  close  ittention  and  managing  judiciously,  he 
was  successful  in  accumulating  some  money, 
which  he  invested  in  land  and  in  a  residence. 
He  was  a  reliable,  worthy  citizen. 

His  son,  our  subject,  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive town  and  in  Portland,  after  which  he  was 
connected  with  his  father  in  business  for  some 
years,  thus  becoming  well  fitted  to  carry  on  the 
business  with  good  judgment.  During  all  the 
history  of  Oregon  City  .Mr.  Albright's  market 
has  been  the  leading  and  largest  one,  and  the 
son  still  holds  the  trade  and  enjoys  the  confi- 
dence and  patronage  of  his  father's  patrons  and 
of  the  children  among  whom  he  has  been 
brought  up.  A  prophet,  it  is  said,  is  often 
without  honor  in  his  own  country,  but  the 
present  instance  is  a  remarkable  exception;  but 
there  are  several  other  exceptions  also  in  Ore- 
gon City.  The  citizens  are  justly  proud  of  Mr. 
Albright.  He  has  built  a  picturesijiie  houst  in 
this  beautiful  city,  which  lie  occupies  as  his  resi- 
dence. Ho  owns  a  quarter  of  the  block  whore 
he  carries  on  liis  business,  in  the  center  of  the 
town    and    on   Main    street.     It    occupies    the 


i  i 


M'- 


HISTORY    OF  o/iBony. 


frrniiiid  where  a  market  was  built  as  early  as 
IStiJ;  to  keep  U])  witli  the  pro}j;rt'»8  of  tlie 
place  Mr.  Alf>rif,'lit.  Sr.  and  Jr.,  lia\e  (Several 
times  remodeled  the  place.  Mr.  Albrif^ht  is 
alive  to  the  interests  of  his  town,  is  an  ai'tivo 
and  valued  member  of  the  Hoard  of  Trade,  and 
is  "on  hand"  with  his  aid  for  every  worthy  ob- 
ject.    He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P. 

In  1877  be  married  Miss  Olive  Jerome, 
dani^hter  of  Captain  Jerome,  a  |)rominent  steam- 
boat captain  of  Oregon  City,  and  they  have  three 
children:  Emma,  Ethel  and  Bessie,  all  born 
here. 


^^€®:li)l-^ 


fOriN  IIAGENY,  a  druggist  of  Portland, 
represents  the  oldest  retail  dru^  store  in 
the  city,  which  confiiieH  itself  strictly  to  a 
prescription  and  retail  business.  This  store  was 
founded  by  Mr.  S.  (4.  Skidmore  in  18f)7,  at  111 
First  street,  and  removed  to  the  present  loca- 
tion, 151  First  street  in  1879,  and  was  there 
continued  by  Mr.  Skidmore  until  his  death  in 
1883,  wlieii  the  business  was  transferred  to  Mr. 
Charles  E.  Sitton,  who  at  the  tiino  was  a  part- 
ner in  the  business,  and  the  tirni  continued  un- 
der the  former  name.  During  the  year  o?  1885, 
Ml-.  Uageny  became  connected  with  Mr.  Sitton 
as  manager  of  the  store,  and  upon  the  deutli  of 
Mr.  Sitton  in  189U,  Mr.  Ilageny  purchased  the 
business. 

John  II.  Ilager.y  was  born  in  AVinterswyck, 
Holland,  in  1854.  His  ancestry  for  generations 
having  been  i;umbered  among  the  businessmen 
of  that  locality.  During  the  childhood  of  our 
subject  his  parents  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  m  CinciuTiati,  Ohio,  and  there 
his  father,  W.  A.  Uageny,  opened  a  book-store 
and  general  binding,  which  he  continued  until 
his  death  in  1889. 

John  11.  attended  the  schools  of  Cincinnati 
until  about  tiiirteen  years  of  age,  and  was  then 
apprenticed  to  Adolphus  I'eunel,  a  German 
druggist  of  that  city,  who  subsequently  became 
rrofe>M.of  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Phar- 
macy, t'l,  organization  of  wiiich  was  advanced  by 
the  persistent  energy  of  Mr.  Uageny.  Mr. 
Hageny  then  went  to  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  as 
a  prescription  clerk  in  th<  irug  store  of  Erail 
Martin,  and  afterward  opened  a  drug  store  in 
the  Hame  city,  continuing  it  for  two  years. 

He  then  moved  to  Oregon  and  was  employed 


by  Hlumaner  &  Huebner,  of  Portland,  Oregon, 

and  there  remained  for  two  years-  I'>  1^78  he 
went  to  the  Dalles  to  ti'kc!  charge  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  Snipes  i^:  Ivinersly,  and  tluM'e  con- 
tinued until  18H5,  when  he  returned  to  Port- 
land and  became  manager  for  t'harles  K.  Sitlon. 
Since  ])urchasing  the  business.  Mr.  Uageny  has 
incorporated  under  the  name  of  S.  (>.  Skidmore 
&  Co.,  he  continuing  as  secretary  and  maiuiger. 
He  employs  six  hands  and  conducts  a  general 
prescription  and  retail  tra<le. 

He  was  married  in  Indianapolis  November 
11,  1874.  to  Miss  Kate  Koontz,  a  native  of  the 
same  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Uageny  have  four 
children:  Helen,  Esther  F.,  Prudence  and  John 
IL,  Jr.  The  family  reside  at  Twenty-third  and 
N  streets,  where  he  built  his  cottage  in  l88ii. 
He  is  a  member  of  I5lue  Lodge  and  C'hapter,  F. 
&  A.  M.,  and  with  his  ability  and  energy  is 
conducting  a  very  substantial  business. 


fl).  PAINE,  a  resident  of  Kugene,  Oregon, 
was  born  in  Herkimer  county.  New  York, 
<»  in  1839,  and  is  a  son  of  Philander  A.  and 
Sarah  (Filkins)  Paine,  nati/es  of  the  same  county. 
He  received  his  education  in  the  district  school 
arut  at  Little  Falls  Academy,  remaining  under 
the  parental  roof  until  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  war.  He  enlisted  at  Utica  for  three  years 
in  the  First  New  York  Light  Artillery  (Com- 
pany A,  the  date  of  hie  enlistment  being  Octo- 
ber 9,  18(>1.  He  was  appointed  Coriwral  of  his 
company,  and  proceeding  to  Washington  he 
passed  the  winter  there.  In  the  spring  of  18(52 
he  started  with  (ieneral  iiic(;iel!aii  on  his  Pen- 
insular campaign;  the  tir  t  cngagenient  was  in 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  u.'i  this  was  followed  by 
the  battles  at  AVilliamsbiiig,  Seven  Pines  and 
Fair  Oaks;  in  the  last-named  place  his  company 
was  forced  to  abandon  their  guns,  having  lost  11-1 
out  of  I'JS  horses.  Mr.  Paine  escaped  without 
an  injury,  though  the  battle  was  hotly  contested, 
and  several  of  tlie  otiicers  of  his  regiment  were 
killed.  He  was  tlien  transferred  to  the  Seventh 
New  York  Inde|>endent  Hattery,  Captain  lie- 
gan,  and  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  Sergejint. 
He  participated  in  the  seven  days"  tight  of  the 
Peninsula,  bringing  up  the  rear  at  Harrison's 
landing  after  the  engagement;  he  then  re- 
turned to  Fortress  Monroe,  and  remained  as 
guard    about   Norfolk   and  participated  in    the 


TtHI'  '.    '  ' 

S'il'iir  'ij 


!5-Ji 


nisrojty  of  ohkoos. 


I!  r 


Wi  i. 


■II    I 


niege  'it' SiifJblk.  Witli  General  Hiitler  and  tlie 
Army  of'tlie  .lauies  liu  look  part  in  the  siege  of 
J'ctersl)iirf^,  and  was  honoriiUly  disi-harged  at 
Ilati'iicr'H  Run  in  tlie  lull  of  I8t>4,  at  the  expir- 
ation of  liif*  tttrni  of  enlistment. 

liein;^  released  from  fnrtlicr  duty  he  went 
hack  to  Ilerki.ner  county,  jNew  York,  and  was 
marriiid  in  llStJu  to  Miss  Lucy  Stanring.  lie 
lived  u|)on  the  homestead  until  ISOD,  and  then 
reinoved  to  Delaware  county,  Iowa,  where  he 
engageil  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  187();  he 
theTi  reino\  I'd  to  Aloiiticello,  .iones  C(juntv,  and 
emharked  in  the  liiii'dwaie  trade  with  Lehman 
I'alnier;  this  establishment  was  sustained  for 
five  years,  during  which  tinie  Mr.  I'aine  served 
two  terms  as  Councilman,  and  one  term  as 
Miiyor  of  the  city.  In  1881  he  disposed  of  his 
,  interests,  and  the  following  year  removed  to 
Oregon.  lie  jiurchased  a  farm  two  miles  north- 
east of  Eugene,  and  gave  his  attention  to  j^eneral 
farming  until  188ti;  then  he  came  to  Kugene, 
and  bought  an  interest  in  the  business  of 
('harlcs  M.  Horn;  they  carry  a  general  assort- 
ment of  speirtsmen's  goods,  being  jobbers  of 
the  AV^inchester  guns  and  riHes,  agents  for  the 
LeFevre  hammerless  shotgun,  and  also  for  the 
Parker,  Haker  &  Smith  shotguns. 

Mr.  I'aine  resides  on  Seventh  street,  between 
Lincoln  and  Lawrence  streets,  where  lie  built  a 
home  in  1887.  In  this  city  he  has  served  as 
Councilman  and  school  director,  and  is  the 
present  City  Treasurer.  He  is  Past  Master  of 
Eugene  City  Lodge,  No.  11,  A.  F.&  A.  M; 
Past  Eminent  Commander  of  Ivarihoe  Coni- 
iiiandery  No.  2.  K.  T.;  (irand  Junior  Warden  of 
the  Grand  Commandery  of  Knights  Templars  of 
Oregon,  and  a  member  of  J.  W.  Geary  Post, 
No.  7,  G.  A.  K. 


^:5^' 


5=3@|Ke®-t^<i 


^i- 


fOHN  E.  LOMHAUD.— Though  but  a  re- 
cent settler  in  the  city  of  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, ('aptain  .John  E.  Lombard  has  already 
gained  a  position  of  prominence  among  her 
representative  men.  lie  was  horn  in  Wales, 
Maine,  in  1830.  His  ancestor.  Sir  Roi)ert 
Lombard,  a  native  of  England,  emigrated  to 
America  at  an  early  day.  and  settled  upon  Cape 
C'od,  where  the  American  branch  of  the  family 
was  founded.  Harding  Lombard,  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject  emigrated  to  Maine amoiuf 
the  pioneers  of  the  State,  and  settling  upon  the 


coast  engaged  in  a  seafaring  life,  six  of  his 
sons  being  similarly  engaged,  all  becomiiLg 
ca|)tains  of  vessels,  and  engaged  in  trading  and 
importing,  sailing  to  all  ports.  John  Lombard, 
the  father  of  John  K.  followed  the  sea  for  over 
thirty  years  and  then  retired  and  entablished 
saw  and  grist  mills  and  woolen  factories  at  the 
outlet  of  Sahattis  lake,  which  interests  he  con- 
tinued until  his  death.  His  wife,  Martha 
^(iiven)  Lombard,  was  a  native  of  Maine  and  of 
ruritan  stock. 

.(ohn  E.  Lombard  was  educated  at  Sahattis 
Academy,  Litchfield  Liberal  Institute,  and 
Iveiit's  Hill  (College,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
years  he  started  in  the  footsteps  of  his  ancestry 
and  with  his  uncle.  Captain  Luther  Lombard  of 
the  ship  Wales,  sailed  his  first  cruise  upon  the 
deep  sea,  the  voyage  being  from  New  York  to 
Liverpool.  Returning  to  the  United  States,  our 
subject  then  shipped  with  strangers,  sailing 
between  Atlantic  ports,  and  by  due  diligence 
and  steady  promotion,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years  ho  became  a  caj)tain  and  his  first  ship  was 
the  Sevastopol,  owned  at  15ath,  and  engaged  in 
the  Atlantic  trade.  L'^pon  her,  the  captain  re- 
mained until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war, 
when  he  resigned  and  offered  himself  to  the 
United  States  Government,  and  became  con- 
nected with  the  navy  as  a  master.  He  was  then 
stationed  upon  the  frigate Vei'motit,  at  Port 
Royal,  South  Carolina,  for  about  eight  months, 
,'.nd  then  detached  and  ordered  to  the  sloop  of- 
war  Mohegan  as  navigator.  After  a  short  ser- 
vice he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  captured 
blockade  runner,  Anna,  and  took  her  to  New 
Y'ork  to  the  navy  department.  He  was  then 
promoted  to  a  Lieutenant,  and  placed  on  the 
gunboat  Ino  at  New  Orleans  and  about  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  river.  After  some 
months  he  was  ordered  North  for  special  duty 
as  e.xecutive  oflicer  and  sailing-master  of  the 
United  States  steamship  Ino,  which  with  a 
picked  crew  of  experienced  men,  was  going  in 
search  of  the  privateer  Sumter,  commanded 
by  Captain  Sims.  The  Ino  was  fitted  out  in 
HoatoTi  and  they  sailed  direct  to  .('adiz,  Spain, 
and  then  to  Gibraltar,  where  the  Sumter  lay  in 
the  harbor.  Unable  to  take  her  in  a  foreign 
port  they  blockaded  the  port  and  after  four 
months  ('aptain  Sims  abandoned  his  vessel  and 
returned  to  Liverpool,  and  came  out  with  the 
Alabama,  all  of  which  can  be  found  in  National 
history.  The  Ino  then  cruised  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean and  along  the  coasts  of  Brazil,  Erance, 


i^t 


UISTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


h-it\ 


EnglHiid  und  Suutli  Ainurica,  until  the  clo«e  uf 
the  war,  when  iii'ter  nearly  live  years  of  service 
our  subject  resigned  and  came  again  into  the 
merchant  service,  and  as  captain  of  the  steamer 
Yesso,  ran  to  (yhina,  and  ••emaiiied  upon  that 
coast  for  tliree  years,  visiting  all  treaty  portn. 
In  1808  he  returned  to  the  United  States,  and 
as  captain  of  the  ship  liiehard  8.  Ely,  trading 
between  ?N'ew  York,  China  and  California,  and 
then  on  the  shij)  J.  P>.  Lincoln,  which  was  at 
that  time  the  largest  American  ship  alioat. 
Upon  her  ho  remained  for  live  and  one-half 
years,  cliietly  in  the  foreign  service.  Upon  the 
ship  Wilna  Captain  Lombard  made  his  last 
cruise,  visiting  C'hina  and  returning  to  I'orthind, 
where  he  arrived  in  October,  1883,  and  after 
thirty  years  of  seafaring  life  he  placed  his  first 
officer  in  command  of  his  ship,  in  which  he  was 
interested  and  then  retired  to  the  less  hiizardous 
and  more  domestic  life  upon  land.  The  Captain 
has  sailed  around  the  world  several  times,  and 
has  visited  every  prominent  port  of  entry.  Soon 
after  his  arrival  in  Portland  he  interested  Eastern 
capitalists  and  organized  tlie  Portland  Matural 
Ice  Company.  The  supply  is  brought  from 
lake  Cocollala,  Idaho,  where  they  have  erected 
an  ice  plant,  with  a  storage  capacity  of  5,000 
tuns,  shipping  the  ice  l)y  rail  to  Washington 
and  Oregon,  as  required,  selling  only  by  whole- 
sale. This  was  the  first  enterprise  of  the  kind 
in  the  Northwest.  The  company  has  since  es- 
tablished a  very  complete  plant  upon  the  Hood 
river,  with  a  storage  capacity  of  10,000  tons. 
This  being  so  much  nearer  the  market,  being 
but  sixty-live  miles  as  compared  to  432  miles 
to  lake  Cocollala,  will  materially  affect  the  price 
and  competition.  San  Francisco  capitalists  have 
recently  acquired  tlie  stock,  witliE.W.  Hopkins 
as  president  of  the  company  and  Captain  Lom- 
bard as  manager. 

Captain  Lombard  was  married  in  Oardner, 
Maitie,  1858,  to  Miss  Isabella  J.  Larrabee,  a 
daughter  of  Colonel  I'hilip  Larrabee,  a  ship- 
builder of  Bath.  To  this  union  have  iieen  added 
lour  children,  one  only  surviving,  J.  Philij). 
Mrs.  Lombard  has  passed  about  twelve  years  at 
sea  and  beeaiue  an  experienced  navigator.  Ke 
alizing  the  increasing  value  of  city  real  estate, 
the  (.'aptain  has  secured  large  holdings  in  im- 
proved and  in  unimproved  property  with  valu- 
able water  frontage.  He  is  a  Knight  Templar, 
¥.  &  A.  M.,  and  a  member  of  Loyal  Legion 
Urnted  States  of  America,  and  also  uf  George 
Wright    l\>st,  G.   A.  R.,  and  Surveyor-Iiurea- 


Veritas  of  France,  one  of  the  oldest  classilicu- 
tioiis  of  vessjils  in  the  world;  also  Surveyor  to 
the  San  Francisco  Hoard  of  Marine  Under- 
writers, and  is  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce.  The  Ca|)tain  is  one  of  the  Coin- 
missioners  of  the  port  of  Portland,  and  one  of 
the  three  members  who  compose  the  e.xecutive 
committee.  He  is  onj  of  the  wide-awake,  ac- 
tive, all-round  men  who  take  a  live  interest  ill 
tlm  progress  of  the  city,  and  is  willing  to  us(( 
both  time  and  money  in  the  development  of  her 
uatur/v!  /esources. 


§0  N.  C.  W.  II  O  H  Y,  a  distinguished  edu- 
cator and  public  man  of  Oregon  and  citi- 
zens of  Portland,  was  born  in  Madison, 
Wisconsin,  April  20,  1850.  His  ancestry  dates 
back  to  the  early  settlement  of  New  England, 
and  his  progenitors  were  prominent  in  the 
business  and  manufacturing  interests  of  New 
Hampshire.  His  father,  Harrison  lloby,  emi- 
grated to  Wisconsin  in  1839,  and  built  the  first 
house  at  Stoughton,  near  Madison,  where  he 
engaged  in  general  farming  and  surveying. 

At  the  early  age  of  nine  years,  young  Uoby 
was  thrown  on  his  own  resources,  but  with  an 
ample  inheritance  of  New  England  determina- 
tion, he  exerted  both  muscle  and  mind  in  the 
accomplishment  of  the  task  set  before  him.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  years,  he  commenced  to  teach 
school,  and  afterward  attended  the  State  Uni- 
versity for  six  years,  which  amply  fitted  him  for 
an  educator.  Several  years  afterward  he  acted 
as  school  superintendent  of  Winnebago  county, 
Wisconsin.  In  lH72he  graduated  from  the  law 
department  of  the  State  University,  and  for 
seveial  years  there  after  practiced  his  profession 
in  Madison  and  La  Crosse. 

He  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools  of  La  Crosse,  which  |)osition  he  ably 
filled  for  some  years. 

In  1879  he  was  called  to  I'ortland  to  accept 
the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  central 
schools,  which  were  then  located  on  the  present 
site  of  the  Portland  Hotel.  He  continued  in 
charge  until  October,  1885,  when  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Portland  by  President 
Cleveland,  in  which  capacity  he  continued  until 
April,  1890,  when,  through  a  change  of  admin- 
istration  he  was  succoedc'd  by  (ieorge  A.  Steel. 
Mr.  Koby's  adininistrati(jn  of  the  post  uttice  was 


r)'.>4 


UltiTOHY    OF    OHHOON. 


i      1 


W^ 


noted  for  its  exceptioiiiil  cfllcieiury,  tlio  result  of 
li'iH  clo8(^  attention  ti-  tiic  ihitniln  of  tlie  otKee. 

In  IS'JO  Mr.  Uol)^  Becured  ii  long  ieiise  of 
tlie  Uolton  ili)n8(\  wiiifli  he  renovated  and 
refitted  at  consideraijle  expenwc.  lie  tlien  sublet 
it  and  resumed  tlie  praetiee  of  tlie  law. 

Mr.  Ilot)y  is  accustomed  to  hard  work  and  is 
eontinnaily  i)iisy.  Piiysically  lie  is  a  splendid 
type,  he  is  tall  and  handsome,  heiiig  six  reet  and 
two  inches  hij^li,  with  a  eourteoui.  manner  which 
pi-oni;its  him  to  accord  a  respectful  bearing  to 
all  and  eoinbiniiig  disiTimination  with  great 
firmness  of  purpose  anil  of  character.  He  is 
widely  known  all  over  the  coast,  nut  only  for  his 
culture,  but  because  of  his  great  affability  and 
sociable  nature. 

He  has  been  a  (ciated  with  several  lari^e 
syndicates,  which  have  been  very  j)rofitablo.  In 
1881,  Mr.  Iloby  built  his  tine  residence  on 
Si.xth  street,  where  he  now  resides. 

He  was  married  in  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  in 
1871),  to  Miss  Marj^aret  Kay,  an  educated  and 
accomplished  lady,  and  a  native  of  the  Badger 
State.  They  have  three  children:  Mary,  llrrison 
and  Fanny. 

He  is  a  member  of  several  societies,  Blue 
Lixlge,  Chapter  and  Cotnmandery  of  Knights 
Templar,  Koyal  and  Select  Masters,  F.  &  A. 
M.;  Knigh's  of  Pythias,  Elks  and  other  local 
organizations. 

In  1891  Mr.  lioby  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  by  the  taxpayers  of 
Portland.  He  still  continues  as  school  director 
and  takes  an  active  interest  in  all  educational 
matters,  and  through  his  energy  and  attainments 
he  occupies  a  notable  position  among  the 
citizens  of  the  commonwealth  of  Oregon. 


\\i.  JAMES  P.  ATWOOD,  one  of  the  well- 
known  residents  of  this  great  cf  Oregon, 
might  almost  be  called  an  early  settler  as 
lie  was  reared  here  from  childhood  until  the 
present  time.  He  was  born  in  Green  county, 
Wisconsin,  March  19,  184(5.  His  father.  A.  F. 
Atwood,  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  lie  being  born 
in  Clark  county  that  State  January  1,  1817. 
While  a  young  man  he  moved  into  Illinois, 
where  he  became  acquainted  with  Miss  Rosan- 
nah  1«.  Hays  and  they  were  married  in  1843. 
Ten  children  were  born  of  this  union  and  James 
P.,  our    subject,    was   the    second  child.     Mr. 


Atwood,  Sr.,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  and 
had  taught  school  in  Illinois,  and  about  1845 
the  family  removed  to  Wisconsin.  There  the 
father  engaged  in  farming,  but  in  1S53  again 
made  a  change,  this  time  making  his  way  to 
Oregon,  locating  in  Benton  county,  taking  up  a 
donation  claim  of  320  acres,  four  miles  south  of 
Corvallis. 

Mr.  Atwood  improved  this  farm,  bought 
other  land,  sold  and  moved  to  Walla  Walla 
county,  Washington.  There  he  puchasftd  (jiiite 
a  tract  of  land  and  engaged  in  fanning  and  the 
raising  of  btock  until  his  death  March  23,  1889, 
at  the  age  of  seventy-two  years.  The  mother  of 
our  suliject  died  in  January  1881,  at  the  age  of 
fifty-four  years  and  now  there  are  only  three  of 
the  large  family  remaining,  these  being  our 
subject  and  his  two  brothers  who  live  in  Walla 
Walla  county,  Washington,  on  their  father's  old 
homestead.  The  parents  were  of  English  and 
Irish  descent  and  this  interininylinj'  of  blood 
has  given  the  descendants  many  ennobling 
characteristics.  When  our  subject  selected  his 
lite  profession  ho  chose  that  of  medicine,  feeling 
that  here  was  a  field  of  unlimited  scope.  He 
first  attended  the  public  schools,  then  entered 
college  at  Corvallis,  with  Prof.  Johnson  as 
instructor  and  finished  his  course.  After  this 
he  entered  the  Sublimity  College  at  Sublimity, 
under  Prof.  Crawford,  now  of  Portland  and 
after  he  has  completed  a  course  at  this  institu- 
tion of  learning  he  taught  school  in  order  to 
obtain  sufficient  funds  to  pursue  his  studies  in 
his  profession.  His  kind  father  seeing  his 
efforts  gave  him  an  interest  in  his  stock-raising 
and  he  was  then  able  to  begin  upon  his  wished- 
for  career.  The  young  student  chose  for  his 
preceptor  Dr.  Lingo,  of  Salem,  now  deceased, 
and  after  a  course  of  studies  with  hiiri  he 
entered  the  medical  department  of  the  Will- 
amette University,  attended  three  full  courses 
of  lectures,  and  graduated  in  1870,  receiving 
his  degree  of  M.  D.  After  practicing  his  pro- 
fession for  a  short  time  he  entered  the  medical 
department  of  Columbia  College  at  New  York 
city,  graduating  from  that  institution  in  1874, 
when  he  received  his  diploma.  Ur.  Atwood 
then  came  to  Baker  City,  where  he  has  since 
remained,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. 

Our  subject  was  married,  in  1882,  to  Miss 
Florence  Tlioinpson,  daugter  of  John  Thompson, 
of  San  PVancisco.  She  was  born,  Aj)ril,  1800, 
and   has  borne  to  her  husband   one  child,  Ptr- 


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I  •  ••'   with  !:•    wife  \. 

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r*..rthin>i.     ft.:   1-,.' 


'  i  !«»»•  U'l  iiiit  fiinilit  on  till!  V(iyi<;i'  iiiiil  .--iili^i'- 
.. n,ut  tr«\'u!i>,  and  r.Mintl  liiniKt'lC  Htruiniutl  with- 
«»t)t  tiipun*  in  »  »trHii^u  city.  lli«  8oiij(ht  I'lii 
ptfti  itu'til  tinil  Willi  1  n^iifji'il  118  a  cloi'k  in  the 
•tiir*"  'if  Aucn  A'  Lu«i»,  witii  wlmm  lio  ii'iiiiiiniui 
•  k'Ar.  llo  th>9n  Mi>t'|>tO(i  a  sitiiulioii  in  tliu 
uuml  iiiiirl><!t  ('•'  A.  II  .lohiison,  with  whom  iio 
w'irkC'i  ft'*-    tivi.'   voar  ,  at'tiT    which    ho   liccaiiio 

,n....r'i.  ''rtii  of  ilohimon  >\:  S|muUlinj4,  and 
nf'(  flv*'  yriirs   of  Inisincss  proHperity 

](•  w  (iiinw  from  tlic  firm,  t>ii^af,'injf  in  the 
utoi^k  t'lUUioni',  liiiyirii^  and  suliinj.;  cattU)  and 
i.«<i;k)!;^  jhirk.  In  rli'isc  diff'eront  enterprist's 
iif  l.iiii  up  '»  1arjr<'  h  sinoHg,  and  eimtinimd  to 
foll'iw  thin  (KuMipatiiMi  for  foiirtiii'ii  yi'arn,  ac- 
ciitiiniHtiiiU'  <!(in*i<ler.il'!o  money.  In  ISttli  ho 
OPiiniiPn<HKi  hi»  prcsi  nt  business,  corner  I'ront 
Wti'J  A  •trt>nl'*,  vvliere  hi)  continued  until  1870, 
wfwii  the  building  of  the  Central  Market  was 
iHfiMplvIiKl  on  Kir«t  .stnot,  near  A,  and  a  coimrt- 
nvrnliip  Jirni  whs  ci^inljlislied  under  the  linn 
nmnc  •«l'.!oliM<iOii  vV:  iSji mldini;,  the  hiiKinesK  lie- 
iiig  ^;ii!>>ve<l  to  Hiiid  i'larki't.  This  tiriii  was 
diHMiU»!d  in  IS'i'iJ.  wlicu  Mr.  Spanldin;^  lic^an 
viji'Uf  rti»'nii  and  dcHling,  which  lie  continued 
itutfl  l'j'i&.  lit)  then  resumed  the  meat  markot- 
\\\^  Hill}  hutrherinf,'  Imtiiiiuss  and  started  a  whole- 
miIh  «nd  retail  CHtahlishment  for  its  sale  and 
dii»trihr.ti'>n,  at  the  cni-iicr  of  First  and  Madison 
(itreetf,  where  ho  HMiiained  until  XS'Jl,  when, 
i>iM>n  the  Dr^iinijiiiiidM  of  the  Portland  Butcher- 

v»'   ■!'\i.i':.,iiiv,    t)*"    A118   elected    its  president, 

.(I   iin  !*till  retains.      Provision    for 

>.  iKiion    of   tjiis    company  with    the 

•iv  ()rfl«.«ed  Meat  Company  havinif  heen 

•  .1,  the  t'AO  coinptinies  were  merjfed  in- 

tHiin-sry  1,  IS'.cj,  this  consolidated  cor- 

!ji'r»>at'tcr    controlling    (as     the     two 

!• .,  did  litiritofore).  the  meat  business  of 

v-!>.i-  r.j  ypi»r.  as  he  has  prospered,  lie  has 

■   Aiiri/lne  fiHiild  in  city  property,  until 

;   •>   .K.icoiue  iii.(3  owiier  of  large  quantities 

.'(.itf   r«?»l  csSftte  in  the  city,     lie  is  half 

'  '   KevnintJ!   Street  Terrace  tract,  and 

|.-r  jn  i*vt!ral  real-estate  companies; 

•ii  Oi-e^Kin  :nd  Washington,  and 

.i-i-  '•■      J  blocks  in  Portland. 

ind  Trust  (/0in])any. 

noters  of  the  laying 

proved  a  great  suc- 

3sidence  for  himself 

lair  streets,    where, 

i.<    liiitiif'i:   companion  of  his 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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BTSTORT    OF   OliKaoX. 


82S 


villi)  Atwood,  bcini  August  1  1883.  Dr.  Atwood 
is  a  iTieiiiber  of  tlio  Masonic  lodge  at  Baker 
City,  a  man  of  public  spirit  and  always  ready 
to  assist  in  anything  for  the  advancement  of  the 
county  and  State,  lie  is  not  a  moinl)cr  of  r.ny 
church,  hut  is  in  sympathy  with  Christian 
work  and  is  always  willing  to  reach  in  his 
pocket  and  give  to  any  good  cause.  The  Doctor 
liuH  reinained  and  followed  his  profession,  until 
he  has  won  distinction  and  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  the  people  of  the  county. 


-^■m:!m^'^^~ 


;ILLIAM  WALLACE  SPAULDING, 
a  typical  progressive  American  citizen, 
l*"^Tl  combining  in  himself  the  best  traits  of 
a  Scottish-English  ancestry  as  well,  is  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers  of  I'orllaiid,  Oregon.  Ilis  an- 
cestors, of  Scotch-English  blood,  emigrated  to 
New  England  at  an  early  day,  locating  in 
Chelmsford,  Massachusetts,  in  about  the  year 
1(540.  There  were  born,  reared  and  educated 
three  or  four  generations  of  the  tamily,  partici- 
pating prominently  in  the  affairs  of  the  Colony 
of  Massachusetts  and  later  of  the  State.  His 
ancestors  were  I'liritans,  that  sturdy  sect,  op- 
posed to  all  oppression  and  wrong.  His  grand- 
father, Sherebiah  Spaulding,  as  also  his  father, 
Sherebiah  Spaulding,  Jr.,  were  born  in  Chelms- 
ford, his  grandfather  serving  as  Captain  in  the 
Continental  army  in  its  patriotic  struggle  for 
independence.  lie  fought  at  the  battle  of  Lex- 
ington, and  all  through  the  war,  to  its  victorions 
end.  His  father  married  Miss  Lurena  Agusta 
Shed,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  Massachusetts,  daugh- 
of  Mr.  Madison  Shed,  of  that  State,  who  was 
also  a  Kevohitionary  soldier.  The  parents  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  had  nine  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living,  Mr.  Spaulding  of  this  bio- 
graphy being  the  second  in  order  of  birth.  Ills 
early  life  was  spent  at  home  on  liis  father's  farm, 
lie  attended  the  public  schools,  and  an  academy 
in  Mount  Vernon,  New  Ilampsliire.  After 
leaving  school  he  was  four  years  in  the  butcher 
ing  business  in  Boston,  afterward  purchasing 
the  business  of  his  employer.  This  he  continued 
for  a  year,  when,  failing  in  health,  ho  decided 
to  seek  a  milder  climate  on  the  Pacific  slope. 
lie  bad  been  married  on  June  2,  1861,  to  Miss 
Iloppie  L.  Ford,  and  he  sailed  with  his  wife  in 
the  following  spring  to  San  Francisco.  The 
following  fall  ho  came  to  Portland.     He  had 

8S 


exhausted  his  funds  on  the  voyage  and  subse- 
quent travels,  and  found  himself  stranded  with- 
out means  in  a  strange  city.  He  sought  em- 
ployment and  was  engaged  as  a  clerk  in  the 
store  of  Allen  &  Lewis,  with  whom  he  remained 
a  year.  He  then  accejited  a  situatio)i  in  the 
meat  market  of  A.  H.  Johnson,  with  whom  he 
worked  for  five  years,  after  which  he  became 
one  of  the  firm  of  Joiinson  &  Spaulding,  and 
after  another  five  years  of  business  prosperity 
he  withdrew  from  the  firm,  engaging  in  the 
stock  business,  buying  and   selling   cattle  and 

f)acking  pork.  In  these  different  enterprises 
le  built  up  a  large  business,  and  continued  to 
follow  this  occupation  for  fourteen  years,  ac- 
cumulating considerable  money.  In  ISfifi  lie 
commenced  liis  present  business,  corner  Front 
and  A  streets,  where  he  continued  until  1870, 
when  the  building  of  the  Central  Market  was 
completed  on  First  street,  near  A,  and  a  copart- 
nersliip  firm  was  established  under  the  firm 
name  of  Johnson  &  Spaulding,  the  business  be- 
ing removed  to  said  market.  This  firm  was 
dissolved  in  1873,  when  Mr.  Spaulding  began 
cattle  raising  and  dealing,  which  he  continued 
until  1885.  He  then  resumed  the  meat  market- 
inirand  butchering  business  and  started  a  whole- 
sale  and  retail  establishment  for  its  sale  and 
distribution,  at  the  cc.ner  of  First  and  Madison 
streets,  where  he  remained  until  1891,  when, 
upon  the  organization  of  the  Portland  Butcher- 
ing Company,  he  was  elected  its  president, 
which  position  he  still  retains.  Provision  for 
the  consolidation  of  tjiis  company  with  the 
American  Dressed  Meat  Company  having  been 
completed,  tiie  two  companies  were  merged  in- 
to one  January  1,  1898,  this  consolidated  cor- 
poration hereafter  controlling  (as  the  two 
companies  did  heretofore),  the  meat  business  of 
the  Northwest. 

From  year  to  year,  as  he  has  prospered,  he  has 
invested  liiBsurplus  funds  in  city  property,  until 
he  has  now  become  the  owner  of  large  quantities 
of  the  best  real  estate  in  the  city.  He  ;s  half 
owner  of  the  Seventh  Street  Terrace  tract,  and 
is  a  stockholder  in  several  real-estate  companies; 
owns  land  in  both  Oregon  and  Washington,  and 
has  several  valuable  business  blocks  in  Portland. 
He  is  a  director  in  the  Portland  Trust  Company. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  laying 
out  of  Fulton  Park,  which  proved  a  great  suc- 
cess. He  has  built  a  fine  residence  for  himself 
on  Park  avenue  and  St.  Clair  streets,  where, 
with  his  wife,  the  faithful  companion  of  his 


f 


58S 


HISTORY    OF    ORKGON. 


sorrows  and  jojb  for  tli-rty  ycHrs,  !io  lives  in 
jH'iicf  mill  lm|ij)iiiess.  surroiindeil  l)y  iili  the 
i-oiiiforts  hikI  c'oiivt'iiitMicei*  money  t'uii  Iniy,  or 
inoilern  invention  [irocnre.  To  lier  lie  aseribes 
iniicli  of  liisfTood  fortune,  as  she  has  been  his  best 
friend  in  adversity  and  protij)erity,  siippienient- 
in}/  and  siistainini^  his  ert'orts  in  the  battle  of 
life.  They  had  one  son,  born  in  18()5,  who  was 
named  after  his  father.  It  was  their  misfortune 
to  lose  this  pro.nii<i!ig  child  l)y  death  at  the 
interesting  age  of  twelve  years. 

Thns  can  be  seen  what  industry  and  well- 
directed  effort  can  accomplish.  Without  means, 
without  friends,  in  a  strange  land,  but  with 
ability  and  experience,  with  a  will  to  do  and 
int('lligence  to  direct  his  actions,  he  has  bent 
cireuinstanees  to  his  will,  and  built  for  himself 
a  fortune  and  a  name,  which  will  serve  to  en- 
courage other',  to  like  endeavor  for  all  time  to 
eome. 

— ^-€^-^ —  ■    • : 

ll^EOKGE  E.  CHAMBERLAIN,  Attorney- 
iWf  ^'^"^'■"'  "^  t'>*^  State  of  Oregon,  was  born 
\l*.  near  Natchez,  Jefferson  county,  Missia- 
Bippi,  on  January  1,  1854.  lie  received  his 
preliminary  education  at  the  public  schools,  and 
in  1871  entered  the  Washington  and  Lee  Uni- 
versity at  Le.\ington,  Virginia,  graduating  from 
the  academic  and  law  departments  in  1876, 
with  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  B.  L.  In  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  came  to  Albany,  Oregon,  and 
after  teaching  school  for  four  months,  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  Couiity  Clerk,  which  office  he 
lield  until  1870,  when  he  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  partnership  with  Judge  L.  Flinn. 
In  1880  he  was  nominated  by  the   Democratic 

fiarty,  and  elei-ted  to  the  State  Legislature  from 
jinn  county,  and  in  1884  was  elected  District 
Attorney  for  the  Third  Judicial  District.  In 
1886  the  firm  of  Flinn  &  Chamt)erlain  dis- 
solved,  Mr.  CJhamberlain  continuing  the  prac- 
tice alone,  in  May,  1801,  he  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  Oregon,  by  Governor  Syl- 
vester Ponnoyer,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
position  at  the  June  election,  1802.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1892,  he  entered  into  legal  practice  in 
partnership  with  Hon.  J.  IC.  Weatherford,  State 
Senator  froin  Linn  county. 

He  is  a  tliirty-seconil  degree  Mason,  Scottish 
Rite,  and  is  at  present  (iiand  High  Priest  of 
the  Grand  Chapter  of  Oregon.     He  is  also  a 


member  of  the  L  ().  O.  F.  and  encampment, 
iind  belongs  to  the  Knights  of  I'ythias.  of  all 
of  which  societies  he  is  a  respected  member. 

Of  superior  legal  acumen  and  intellectual 
force  and  ability,  combined  with  a  gigantic  will, 
he  has  in  a  short  time  gained  one  of  the  "most 
honorable  positions  in  the  State,  and  enjoys  the 
esteem  of  the  community  at  large,  and  of  a  host 
of  (personal  friends. 


^"^y^^ 


'^ 


EORGE  A.  HAUDlNG,the  leading  drug- 
gist of  Oregon  City,  and  one  of  its  most 
enterprising  business  men,  is  a  native  of 
Sydney,  Australia,  born  on  the  13th  of  August, 
1843.  His  father,  James  Harding,  was  a  native 
of  Bristol,  England,  of  English  ancestry.  He 
married  Miss  Penelojie  Bridges,  of  Norfolk, 
England.  They  removed  to  Australia,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  He  died  in  1855.  He  had 
six  children,  of  whom  thrwi  are  living.  Mr. 
George  A.  Harding  was  their  third  child.  In 
1857  he  came  to  Oregon  City,  when  he  was  but 
fourteen  years  old,  and  atteniied  the  public 
schools  of  the  city.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
painter,  and  was  engaged  in  the  business  until 

1864,  when  on  the  24th  of  November,  1864, 
he  volunteered  to  serve  in  the  Union  army. 
Company  E,  First  Regiment  Oregon  Volunteer 
Infantry,  in  which  ho  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  They  were  stationed  at  Vancouver, 
Walla  Walla  and  Fort  Colville.  They  were 
kept  on  liie  coast  to  keep  the  Indians  in  check. 
He  was  mustered  out  on  the  23d  of  November, 

1865.  He  returned  to  Oregon  City  and  re- 
sumed his  trade.  When  a  boy  he  had  spent 
two  years  in  a  drug  store  in  Australia,  and  he 
also  spent  three  years  in  the  drug  store  of  Dr. 
Steel,  a  prominent  physician  of  Oregon  City. 
In  1874  he  formed  a  partnership  with  .1.  P. 
Ward,  then  in  the  drug  business.  They  then 
bought  out  Bell  &  Parker,  druggists,  and  con- 
soliiTftted  the  business,  which  was  a  contin- 
uation of  the  pioneer  drug  store  of  the  town. 
In  1878  Mr.  Harding  bought  out  his  partner, 
and  in  1880  Ixjught  out  the  linn  of  C.  O.  T. 
Williams  &  Co.,  and  hat»  since  had  the  leading 
drug  store  in  Oregon  (ity.  He  has  not  con- 
tined  himself  to  the  drug  store  alone,  for  he  has 
interested  himself  in  starting  all  the  enter- 
prises uf  his  town  since  he  became  a   business 


UIHTOHY    OF    OREOON. 


firs 


man  in  it.  He  was  one  of  tiie  fotindcrs  and 
HtockiiuliUtrs,  and  has  been  a  director  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Orejron  City  Maniv  hince  its 
organization.  He  was  one  of  the  bnsiness  men 
of  Oregon  who  i)onght  ont  tho  Willamette 
Transportation  and  liocks  Company,  and  is  also 
a  stockholder  and  director  of  the  Willamette 
Falls  Electric  Light  Coiripany,  which  lights  the 
city  of  Portland,  and  is  destined  to  he  a  busi- 
ness enterprise  of  jrreat  moment  to  both  Ore- 
gon City  and  J'ortland,  un<i  a  source  of  large 
returns  to  the  men  who  had  the  enterprise  to 
plan  and  so  far  manage  it.  He  has  also  inter- 
ested himself  in  the  real  estate  of  the  place,  and 
is  president  of  the  Willamette  Land  Company. 
They  have  purchased  lands,  subdivided  them 
and  then  sold  them,  which  has  resulted  In  the 
growth  of  that  part  of  the  city. 

He  was  married  in  1877,  to  Miss  Margaret 
,leiinie  Harlow,  daughter  of  J.  L.  Harlow,  a 
worthy  pioneer  of  Oregon,  who  came  to  the 
Territory  in  1854:.  He  married  Miss  Mary  E. 
Miller,  danghtor  of  8amuel  Miller,  who  came 
to  the  Territory  in  1843. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harding  have  had  sLx  children, 
born  in  Oregon  City,  namely:  ilennie  L,  George 
Lee,  Carlton  Harlow,  Nieta  Natilie,  Loyd  Ord- 
way  and  Evelyn.  Mr.  Harding  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  (t.  A.  K.  He  has  held  all  the 
offices  in  the  post,  and  has  also  been  Junior 
Vice-Commander  of  the  department.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  IT.  W.  and  K.  of  P. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been 
elected  a  member  of  tiie  City  Council  four  snc- 
cesfiive  terms.  He  has  also  been  a  member  of 
tho  School  Hoard,  and  the  plan  for  the  con- 
Btruction  of  the  new  schoolhouse  were  perfected 
during  his  administration.  Mr.  Harding  is  an 
agreeable  man,  full  of  business  push  and  en- 
ergy, and  has  the  fullest  confi<lence  of  iiis 
fellow-citizens. 

J.  T  U  E  N  C  H  A  li  D ,  Clerk  of  Clatsop 
county,  was  born  in  Astoria,  Oregon,  in 
1854.  His  father,  C.  J.  Trenchard,  was 
a  native  of  Kent  county,  Maryland,  educated 
in  the  schools  of  the  State  and  graduating  from 
the  medical  college.  He  commenced  practiced 
in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  but  emigrated  to  Cali- 
fornia in  1849.  and  to  Oregon  in  1850.  Trav- 
eling north  in  1884by  sailing  vessel,  he  met  Mrs. 


Marion  Turner,  of  Vancouver  island,  native  of 
Scotland,  to  whom  he  was  subsequently  married 
at  ('athlamet,  Washington,  by  Judge  William 
Strong.  Dr.  Trenchard  settled  in  Astoria  and 
engaged  in  practice.  In  1858  he  was  elected 
Clerk  of  Cla'sop  county,  and  served  one  term. 

During  Ihe  mining  excitement  in  Idaho  he 
joined  John  Ilobeon  and  engage<l  in  packing, 
with  trading  post  at  the  mines,  which  tliey  con- 
tinued  for  four  years.  From  hardships  anil 
exposure  he.  contracted  rheumatism,  and  was 
obliged  to  gi 'e  up  his  work  and  return  to  As- 
toria. He  thon  entered  into  partnership  with 
Captain  Klavel,  in  mercantile  interests,  and 
continued  in  ti\is  business  imtil  his  death,  in 
1807,  aged  forty-one  years.  His  widow  still 
survives  and  occupies  tho  old  homestead  in 
Astoria. 

The  subject  of  thin  sketch  was  educated  in 
Astoria  until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age. 
Upon  the  death  of  her  husband,  the  mother 
went  to  the  home  of  her  father,  on  Vancouver 
island,  and  young  Trenchard  began  work  in  a 
logging  camp  and  sawmill.  He  followed  this 
business  until  December,  18(1'J,  and  then  re- 
turned to  Astoria  and  began  clerking  for  Mr. 
A.  Van  Dusen.  In  1873  he  engaged  with  Jidin 
West  &  Company,  canners  of  Westport,  and 
acted  as  store  and  bookkeeper  for  four  years. 
Returning  to  Astoria  in  187(5,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  C.  P.  Upshnr,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Upshnr  &  Trenchard,  and  purchased 
the  ship-chandlery,  hardware  and  grocery  busi- 
ness of  Captain  Flavel,  which  they  operated 
until  1880.  The  firm  then  closed  out  and  Mr. 
Trenchard  was  bookkeeper  from  tho  Union 
Packing  Company  for  two  years.  He  was  then 
in  the  meat  market  of  Wherry  &  Company  un- 
til 1884.  In  1882  he  was  the  Democratic  nomi- 
nee for  County  Clerk  and  Jtecorder,  a;  vas 
defeated  by  one  vote.  In  1884  he  was  nomi- 
nated and  elected  by  the  same  party,  and  has 
been  continuously  re-elected,  including  the  June 
election  of  1892,  receiving  the  largest  majority 
of  any  previous  election. 

Mr.  Trenchard  was  married  in  Astoria,  in 
1880,  to  Carra  J.  Van  Dusen,  a  native  of  As- 
toria, and  daughter  of  R.  Van  Dusen,  an  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  1847.  They  have  one  child, 
Anita. 

Mr.  Trenchard  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Astoria  Abstract  Title  and  Trust  Company, 
and  is  active  in  its  management.  In  1871  he 
joined  the  Astoria  Engine  Company  No.  1,  and 


!  -Ml 


528 


irrsTonr  of  or/soon. 


SHi'vcfl  fourteen  years.  lie  wan  the  Chief  of  the 
Kire  Depfirtinciit  for  two  yimrs,  and  nerved  for 
six  years  in  tiie  City  Council.  lie  is  at  present 
tiie  president  of  the  Astoria  Hoard  of  Trade, 
lie  aHiliates  with  V.  Si  A.  M.,  rniforni  liank 
K.  of  I',  and  A.  ().  U.  W.  He  is  a  fine  man 
and  is  a  fair  representative  nniii  of  Astoria. 

[UIXiK  n.  F.   IU)NIIAM  is  distingnisJied 

J  anioiifT  the  legal  profession  of  Oregon.  lie 
"br^"  was  horn  near  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  Oeto- 
her  8,  IS28.  II is  ancestors  were  of  Knglish 
descent,  settling  in  Virginia  hefore  the  Iievolu- 
tionary  war,  and  devoting  themselves  to  agri- 
cultnre  and  the  chnrch.  John  P.  J3onham,  the 
father  of  onr  suhject,  was  a  farmer  and  merchant 
of  ea.st  Tennessee,  until  1840,  when  he  etni- 
grated,  with  his  family  to  Henry  county,  Indi- 
ana, purchased  a  farm  in  the  wilderness,  and 
while  living  in  the  little  log  cabin,  cleared  up 
his  land  for  farming  purposes,  there  living  and 
lahoring  until  his  death  in  1804. 

Our  suhject  began  his  education  in  Tennesseo 
and  continued  it  at  the  winter  schools  of  Indi- 
ana, passing  his  summers  in  labor  upon  the 
farm.  As  soon  as  possible  he  began  teaching 
and  thuR  earned  sullicient  to  attend  the  Muncie 
Academy  and  secure  a  good  English  education. 
In  1853  he  struck  out  for  Oregon,  seeking  a 
change  of  climate  to  benefit  his  health,  and 
crossing  the  plains  with  ox  teams,  ho  arrived  in 
safety  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year,  and  settled 
near  I'arkersville,  on  French  Prairie,  in  Marion 
county,  where  he  taught  school  for  a  year.  At 
Salem  he  taught  school  one  season  in  the  one- 
story  schoolhouse,  the  only  public  school  in  the 
city'  , 

In  January,  185(5,  ho  was  elected  Auditor  of 
the  Territory,  which  position  he  held  until  th<" 
admission  of  Oregon  as  a  State,  in  1859.  In 
1858  he  was  elected  to  the  last  Territorial  and 
the  first  State  Legislature,  and  in  1800  he  de- 
clined further  nominations  that  he  might  devote 
himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which 
he  continued  nntil  1870,  when  he  was  elected 
from  the  Third  Judicial  District  as  one  of  the 
.lustices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Oregon  and 
ex  ofticio  Circuit  .ludge  of  said  district.  In 
1874,  by  right  of  succession,  he  became  Chief 
.lusticeof  the  State,  continuing  until  the  ex- 
piration of  his  teriii  in  1870,  lie  then  followed 


his  profession  until  October,  1885,  whei;  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Cleveland  as  (Jonsul- 
(leneral  to  (Calcutta,  where  ho  passed  four  years 
very  delightfidly  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties, 
with  great  credit.  He  returned  to  Salem  in 
June,  18!tO,  and  resumed  his  practice,  at  which 
lie  is  still  engaged. 

Judge  Ponham  was  married  in  1S58,  to  Miss 
Mildred  A.  Paker,  daughter  of  John  Paker,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1847.  Mrs.  :  onham  has 
given  some  attention  to  literary  work,  and  while 
in  Calcutta,  her  descriptions  in  the  letters  she 
wrote  to  the  Oregon  Statesman,  were  eagerly 
perusei.',  and  higldy  commended.  Her  vivid 
pictures  clearly  portrayed  the  beauties  of  that 
••city  of  palaces,"  and  the  social  relations  of 
that  s'trange  people. 

They  have  had  seven  children,  only  two  of 
whom  survive,  Winona  M.  and  Ua])lnel  P. 

.ludge  Ponhain  was  admitted  to  the  practice 
of  the  law  by  the  Territorial  Supreme  Court  in 
1856,  and  being  a  painstaking  student  he  has 
alway  enjoyed  a  very  successful  practice,  and 
is  highly  respected  among  able  lawyers  and  jur- 
ists of  the  coast. 


fll.  W.  II.  PYPU,  a  practitioner  of  medi- 
cine in  the  Willamette  valley,  and  resid- 
ing at  Salem,  is  a  native  of  Oregon,  born 
at  Fairdeld,  Marion  county,  Octolter  31,  1854. 
His  father,  L.  A.  Pyrd,  was  a  native  of  Arkan- 
sas. In  1840  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
in  the  company  of  the  Rev.  (Jornwall  and  located 
in  the  Waldo  Hills.  During  the  early  mining 
excitement  ho  went  to  California,  returning 
again  to  his  place  in  Oregon.  Early  in  the  'SOs 
he  sold  his  place  in  the  Waldo  Hills,  and  after, 
an  interval,  during  which  he  again  visited  Cali- 
fornia, he  located  on  a  farm  at  Fairfield.  There 
ho  was  married,  later,  to  Miss  Martha  C.  Savage, 
and  there  they  reared  their  family  of  five  eons 
and  three  daughters,  William  II.  Pyrd  being 
the  eldest  child.  He  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  P'airfield  and  Salem,  which  were 
of  a  very  high  order,  and  subsequently  taught 
school  and  began  reading  medicine.  In  1880 
he  went  to  San  Francisco  and  into  the  ofHce  of 
Dr.  L.  C.  Lane,  the  leading  surgeon  of  Califor- 
nia. The  latter  was  the  founder  and  builder  of 
Cooper  College,  a  handsome  structure,  which  he 
subsequently  presented  to  the  medical  depart- 


IllSTiUtY    OF    OliKOoN. 


ASt 


iiiunt  of  tlie  Universiry  of  tlio  I'uciHc,  in  eoii- 
Hidenition  of  the  collt';te  iK-iiig  imiiu-d  for  liis 
iiiii'le,  (!ooper,  wlio  was  oriu  ot  tlie  fouiidurs  of 
tilt)  iiii'ilicHi  bc'IiooIh  ill  Culiforiiisi.  Mr.  Hyrd 
read  inudiciiio  witii  Dr.  Lhiiu  and  atteiidc'(|  li'ct- 
iires  ut.  file  collego,  and  in  1881  rotnrntid  to 
(^re^on  and  graduated  from  tiie  inediual  dcpart- 
iiient  of  tile  WiilaiiiHtte  University  :»t  I'ortland. 
He  then  began  practice  in  Salem,  wiiicii  lie  iins 
continued  witli  inarl<ed  sueee8!i  tiironglioiit  tiio 
Willamette  vuUey. 

In  the  fall  of  1889  lie  went  to  New  York- 
city  and  took  acoiirije  at  the  Xew  York  J'ost- 
(iratinate  school,  receiving  a  diploma  and  re- 
turning to  Salem  in  the  6j)riiig  of  1890.  His 
practice  was  continned  alone  up  to  the  spring 
of  1891,  when  ho  entered  into  partnership  with 
Dr.  .1.  N.  Smith.     (See  tj.is  hook.) 

Dr.  Uynl  was  married  in  Salem,  in  1882,  to 
Miss  Teresa  llolderness,  a  native  of  Wasliiiig- 
toii,  who  died  in  188(1,  leaving  one  child,  Wini- 
fred M.  lie  was  again  married  in  September, 
1890,  to  Miss  Margaret  J.  Macrum,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  hut  reared  in  Oregon,  daughter 
of  I.  A.  Macrum.  cashier  of  the  Merchants' 
National  Hank. 

Dr.  Hyrd  is  a  meniher  of  the  blue  lodge 
ani"  chapter  in  Masonry,  and  of  the  I.  (). 
().  F.  For  two  years  he  has  served  as  physician 
at  the  State  penitentiary.  He  eschews  politics, 
having  heen  offered  positions  of  trust  and  re- 
sponsibility, which  he  sedulously  declines,  pre- 
ferring to  follow  his  profession. 

He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  North- 
west Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Company  of 
Portland,  and  is  still  a  stockholder  and  director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Salem. 

jMMETTVAN  VUANKEN  was  horn  in 
liroadalbin,  Fulton  county.  New  York,  in 
1839,  and  is  a  son  of  Garrett  and  Sylvana 
(Midburg)  Van  Vranken,  also  natives  of  the 
Empire  State.  Mr.  Van  Vranken  was  promi- 
nently conn'-cied  with  public  affairs,  and  occu- 
pied the  office  of  SheriflF  and  Deputy  Sheriff, 
ai"i  many  minor  positions  for  a  number  of 
'ears.  Eminctt  Van  Vranken  lived  with  his 
parents  until  ten  years  old,  and  at  that  tender 
nge  started  out  to  earn  his  own  support,  he  was 
first  employed  in  a  iiotel  at  liroadalbin,  and  as 
he  advanced  in  years  ho  was  given  jjositions  of 


greater  responsibility,  lie  was  coiiiicctcd  with 
the  Iiotel  iMiBiiiess  until  18t')0,  when  he  deter- 
mined to  go  to  the  Pacific  coast;  he  ma<lc  the 
trip  via  the  Isthmus,  and  after  his  arrival  in  ('al- 
fornla  ho  located  at  lied  lilulf;  here  he  had  a 
hotel  and  grocery  store,  and  remained  in  the 
place  until  18(52;  then,  in  the  employ  of  II.  H. 
Hiirtt,  he  went  to  liritisli  Columbia,  and  en- 
gaged in  packing  from  Port  Yale  to  the  forks 
of  the  Eraser  and  (Jaiial  rivers;  later  he  packed 
to  Carriliean,  his  train  being  the  first  to  go  to 
the  Carrihcan  mines.  He  wintered  in  Victoria, 
ami  during  the  summer  of  18(53  packed  from 
the  forks  of  Thompson  and  Eraser  rivers  to  tiki 
forks  of  the  Eraser  and  Canal  rivers,  a  distance 
of  300  miles.  The  winter  of  18fl3-'6't  was 
passed  sixty  miles  north  of  the  Dalles,  and 
during  the  summer  of  1864  he  j)acked  from 
the  Dalles  to  Idaho.  In  the  spring  of  18(55  ho 
letiicned  to  Willamette  valley,  and  pnrdiased  a 
large  number  of  hogs,  which  hedrove  to  (trande 
Hondo  valley,  and  there  sold  them  at  a  handsome 
prolit.  He  returned  to  the  valley  in  the  spring 
of  180(5,  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Lane  county, 
snbso(iiiontly  purchasing  150  acres  two  miles 
south  of  Junction  City;  there  lie  resiiled  and 
carried  on' agricultural  pursuits  until  1882.  when 
he  sold  out  and  moved  to  Junction  City.  For 
two  years  he  was  in  the  wheat  elevator  business, 
and  in  1882  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Junc- 
tion City  under  the  Garfield  administration.  He 
tilled  the  office  for  two  years,  and  resigned  at 
the  end  of  that  time.  He  bought  the  Club  sa- 
loon at  the  corner  of  Front  and  Avenue  streets, 
wliich  he  has  since  conducted. 

Mr.  Van  Vranken  was  married  in  Lane 
county,  July  4,  1800.  to  Miss  Augusta  M. 
Gregory,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  to  them  have 
been  born  four  children:  Ella,  wife  of  J.  J. 
HIew;  Willie  died,  aged  one  year  and  four 
months;  Le  Monte  and  Anna.  Our  subject  is 
a  worthy  member  of  Junction  City  Lodge,  No. 
58,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 


:<Be^^<^ 


M  .  HICKS,  proprietor  of  the  Valley 
Nursery  at  Woodburn,  was  born  at 
.  <»  Boyleston,  Henry  county.  Iowa,  April 
11,  1854,  a  eon  of  W.  Iv.  and  Malvina  (Seran- 
ton)  Hicks,  natives  of  Indiana.  In  1840  Mr. 
Hicks  removed  his  family  to  Iowa,  and  contin- 
ued the  occupation  of  farming  until  1880  when 


I  •■ 


AUO 


UlsroltY    iih'    OliKdON. 


Iif   liiihlic 
lirift   Hiid 


lie  sold  liiti  IhiuI  hikI  i'otii'<<(l  trotii  Hctivu  pur- 
»iii(B;  liu  iiftt^rwHnl  juinuil  liiw  son  in  Oitj^oh, 
nnil  now  rchido  witli  liini.  Our  siiliji'ct  livci| 
with  liiH  piircnti*  until  lie  wiis  twontA'tonr  }ciirB 
of  H^(>,  Ffcnrin^  hit*  ednciition  in  tlit>  pnl) 
«'li(,(>ls;  liu  WH«  rciiit'd  to  Imbits  (d'  t 
indiiHlry.  and  thoroughly  truini'd  in  all  tiif  dc- 
tailii  of  aj^ricnltnrt'.  In  1W78  hu  L-ain(<  to  Ore- 
gon, and  first  setllod  nuar  ISilvorton,  whuru  he 
followi'<l  fiirininff  until  18S(t;  then  In-  caniu  to 
Wuudliiun  and  entered  the  t^niploy  of  .1.  II. 
Scttlenu'ifr,  proprietor  of  the  Woodbnrn  Nurs- 
ery. With  eharneteristie  zeal  and  enerjry  he 
bt-'fjan  the  study  of  this  hnsiness,  and  soon  he- 
eairie  skillid  in  all  branches  of  this  important 
indnsfry.  In  1882  he  bought  live  acres  of  land, 
and  started  a  small  nursery  covering  abont  one 
and  a  half  acres;  by  dilij^ence  and  care  he 
broiiirht  about  most  f;ratifying  results,  and  has 
since  increased  liis  acreage  to  fourteen  acres, 
and  ha.-*  a  full  assortment  of  small  fruits,  fruit 
trees  and  rare  shniljs.  He  has  built  up  a  good 
retail  trade,  and  sells  at  wlndesale  throughout 
northern  (California,  Washington  and  Hritish 
Columbia. 

Mr.  IJicks  wns  married  at  Woodburn  in  1885 
to  Miss  Klla  liemington,  a  native  of  Ore/jfon, 
and  daughter  of  D.  L.  Hemington,  who  came 
to  Oregon  in  1859.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
this  union,  Ji  son  named  Donald.  In  1887  death 
entered  tlie  household  and  claimed  both  mother 
and  child,  leaving  a  bereaved  husband  to  mourn 
their  loss.  Mr.  Ilicks  l)uilt  his  cottage  home  in 
1883.  and  is  surrounded  .by  every  comfort.  In 
October.  1892,  Mr.  Ilicks  was  married  asecond 
time  to  Mrs.  Clarinda  May  (Lewis)  liiches, 
daughter  of  Samuel  Lewis.  Mr.  Lewis  came  to 
Oregon  in  an  early  day,  and  is  one  of  ( )regon's 
pioneers, a  man  much  respected  by  all  who  knew 
him.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  died  in  1892.  Mr. 
his  has  been  more  than  ordinarily  successful  in 
Ilicks  business,  and  is  winning  both  fame  and 
fortune.  . 


i^&< 


P.  F  U  A  S  E  li,  M.  I).,  is  numbered 
among  the  older  practitioners  of  Port- 
Is  land.  He  was  born  in  Cass  county, 
Michigan,  in  1836.  His  father,  Peter  Fraser, 
was  born  at  Inverness,  Scotland.  December  25, 
1800.  He  received  a  collegiate  education  at 
Ediuboro  and  was  trained   for  the   legal  profes- 


siun.  In  1824  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
Slates  and  located  in  Michigan  in  1827.  Hav- 
ing formed  an  aversion  for  the  i)roressions  he 
chose  all  agricnltural  life,  which  he  carried  on 
a  larg<*  scale  tor  those  days,  having  under  culti- 
vation about  400  acres,  Mr.  I'raser  lived  a 
quiet,  unobtrusive  life  upon  his  farm,  and 
though  a  zealous  member  of  the  old  Whig 
party  from  its  urganizalion  and  was  frcijuently 
tendered  nominations  and  high  public  otKces, 
they  were  always  refused  and  he  never  accepted 
an  office  higher  than  town  clerk  and  school 
director.  Though  active  in  promoting  good 
government,  he  preferred  the  rank  and  tile  to 
becoming  a  leader  of  hia  |)arty. 

E.  P.  Eraser  received  his  literary  education 
at  the  Academy  at  Elkhart,  Indiana,  and  at 
the  University  of  Michigan.  Like  his  tathcr, 
it  was  e.vpected  that  he  would  take  U|>  the  study 
of  law,  but  at  an  early  age  he  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  civil  engineering  and  railroading.  Sub- 
sequently becoming  interested  in  the  study  of 
medicine,  attended  his  first  course  of  lectures  at 
the  St.  Louis  Medical  College,  and  the  se(^ond 
at  .letl'erson  Medical  College,  graduating  at  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York. 

He  entered  the  army  in  May,  1801,  as  Hos- 
pital Steward  of  the  Twentieth  Illinois  Infantry, 
where  he  served  tiiree  years,  the  last  two  acting 
as  Assistant  Surgeon.  He  was  present  at  the 
following  battles,  receiving  several  slight 
wounds:  Erederickstown,  Belmont,  Fort  Don- 
elson,  Fort  Henry,  Pittsburg  Landing,  siege  of 
Corinth,  Hritton's  Lane,  Tliompscn's  Hill,  J  ack- 
son,  (Champion  Hiljs,  siege  of^  Vicksburg  and 
several  engagements  during  Sherman's  advance 
on  Atlanta.  The  term  of  enlistment  of  his 
regiment  expiring  he  was  mustered  out  of 
service  near  Marietta.  Georgia,  June  15,  18fi4. 
Soon  after  this  he  located  in  DeKalb  county, 
where  ).e  practiced  until  1872,  when  he  moved 
to  Chicago  and  came  to  Portland  in  the  spring 
of  1878. 

Though  without  a  single  acquaintance  in 
the  Northwest,  he  soon  took  a  position  in  the 
front  rank  of  his  profession,  which  he  has 
constantly  maintained.  In  the  fall  of  1879 
he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Hygiene  and 
Dermatology  in  the  medical  department  of  the 
Willamette  University.  In  1880  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Oljstetrics  and  dean  of  the 
faculty,  and  in  1881  he  was  made  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  which  chair  he 
occupied  with  the  office  of  dean,  until  his  resig- 


iiisrony  of  ohkiwn. 


TM 


iiiition  in  1891,  when  tlio  honor  of  Enieritiis 
I'rofessor  was  conforred  upon  him.  Tlie  ined- 
iciil  dupartinent  of  tlie  Willaiiietto  University 
was  organized  at  Salem,  in  1804,  and  removed  to 
Portland  in  1878.     Dr.   Kraser  was    the  chief 

fironioter  in  erecting  the  medical  building  in 
'ortland,  corner  Fifteenth  and  Couch  streets. 
This  buildina  was  completed  in  1887,  costing 
$27,<)00.  Tne  snbHcriptions  to  the  building 
fund  were  largely  secured  through  his  efforts, 
the  plans  were  drawn  upon  his  suggestions  and 
he  superintended  its  construction.  It  is  one  of 
the  hnest  medical  buildings  on  the  J'aciiic 
coast. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  F.  A. 
M.,  Geo.  Wright  Post,  Q.  A.  li.  and  A.  ().  U. 
W.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  American  Med- 
ical Association;  the  Oregon  State  Medical 
Society,  of  which  he  was  secretary  from  1882 
until  1888;  the  Portland  Hospital  Clinical  So- 
ciety, and  is  the  gynecologist  on  the  stafl"  of  the 
(committee  of  Arrangements,  and  chairman  of 
a  section  of  Ninth  International  Medical  Con- 
gress, which  was  held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in 
1887,  and  is  now  vice-president  for  Oregon  of 
the  Pan-American  Medical  Congress,  which  will 
he  hold  in  Washington  in  September,  1893,  and 
for  the  past  ten  years  he  has  been  President  of 
the  United  States  Pension  Examinini;  Board  at 
Portland. 

In  1883  the  Doctor  built  him  a  handsome 
residence  on  the  corner  of  First  and  Grant 
streets,  where  he  still  resides.  He  is  now  mak- 
ing arrangements  for  an  extended  trip  through 
Europe  and  the  Holy  Land,  and  around  the 
world.  He  expects  to  return  in  1894  and  re- 
sume his  practice,  which  he  will  contiaue  until 
the  end  of  his  life. 


-*» 


IK.  A.  J.  G  I  E  S  Y  ,  one  of  the  foremost 
physicians  of  Portland,  was  born  at  Steila- 
coom,  Washington,  October  19,  1853,  his 
parents  being  Christian  and  Emma  rWa>;ner) 
Giesy.  The  father,  a  native  of  Sw)t::erlaiid, 
came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States 
when  an  infant,  the  family  locating  near  Pitts- 
burg, Pennsylvania,  and  there  he  was  reared. 
He  was  one  of  the  moving  spirits  in  a 
company  organized  to  colonize  the  newer  dis- 
tricts or  the  West,  and  he  went  to  Missouri  with 
them.     In  1853  he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast 


for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  colony  in  this 
region,  and  with  this  object  in  view  proceeded 
to  Steilacoom,  Wiishington.  As  he  did  nut  tind 
things  in  that  section  suited  to  tlie  olijectof  the 
colony,  it  was  ultimately  located  in  Marion 
county,  (-)regon.  He  lived  at  Steilacoom  two 
years,  then  removed  to  Wnllapa,  where  he  lost 
Ills  life  in  Shoalwater  bay,  in  1857. 

A.  J.  Giesy,  with  whose  iiitine  this  sketch 
commences,  resided  in  Washington  until  eight 
years  old,  after  which  the  family  removed  to 
Marion  county,  Oregon,  where  he  was  reared  to 
manhood  and  educated.  He  entered  the  drug 
store  of  his  uncle,  Dr.  Martin  (iiesy,  when  six- 
teen years  of  age,  and  while  thus  engaged  also 
studied  medicine  under  that  physician.  He  be- 
gan attendance  at  the  medical  department  of 
the  Willamette  University,  Salem,  in  the  winter 
of  1874 -'75,  and  was  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  187(i,  after  which  he  went  to 
Huron  and  commenced  practice.  Five  years 
later  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  where  lie  attended 
a  course  of  lectures  at  the  .lelTorson  Medical 
College,  1881-'82,  receiving  a  diploma, 

He  returned  to  Oregon  in  June,  1882,  and 
in  December  of  the  same  year  located  in  Salem. 
In  1883  he  receiver!  the  appjintment  of  assist- 
ant physician  in  the  Oregon  Itisane  Asylum, 
and  was  connected  with  the  institution  in  that 
capacity  for  two  years.  He  resigned  in  1885, 
and  removed  to  Portland,  where  he  has  taken 
rank  as  one  the  foremost  physicians  of  the  city. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Portland  Medical  So- 
ciety and  of  the  Oregon  State  Medical  Society, 
and  was  president  of  the  latter  in  1889.  He 
now  holds  the  chair  of  Dermatology  and  Hy- 
giene in  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oregon . 

He  was  married  in  Salem  on  the  10th  of  No- 
vember, 1886,  to  Miss  Ida  II.  Church,  a  native 
of  Oregon,  and  daughter  of  Stephen  T;  Church, 
who  was  secretary  of  the  P.  T.  Company,  and  a 
widely  known  and  respected  pioneer  of  Oregon. 


|-«g 


fR.  J.  N.  SMITH  is  prominent  among 
the  medical  profession  of  the  Willamette 
valley,  and  is  a  resident  of  Salem.  He  is 
a  native  of  Washington,  Washington  county, 
Iowa,  born  in  1852.  His  father,  I.  N.  Smith, 
was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  emigrated  to 
Iowa  in  1836,  then  called  the  Northwest  Terri- 


T 


SBii 


tITsTOHY    OF   ORMnnif 


tory,  tliu  lii(Jiaii8  still  licitig  in  puseegsioii  of 
the  coimtry.  Air.  Siiiitli  was  oiioof  the  pioncore 
to  drive  uiit  tlie  Iiuliiiiih  itiul  to  ciuHr  up  tiie 
foimtry  and  tit  it  tor  oceiipnney. 

Tiio  Biii)jeut  of  this  tikotcli  was  udiicateJ  at 
tlio  eoiiiiiioii  Buiioolt*  of  VVasliinirtoii  and  passed 
liis  boyhood  witii  iiis  parents  upon  the  farm, 
lie  also  taught  i-cliool  in  Washington  eonnty, 
and  while  teucliing  at  Westchester  in  1872,  he 
bejjan  the  study  ol'  medicine  under  the  preeep- 
torsliip  of  Dr.  tiesse  Hill,  and  continued  study- 
ing and  teaching  until  1874,  when,  with  his 
parents,  he  came  to  Oregon,  and  his  father  set- 
tled near  I'eoria,  Linn  county.  Here  he  still 
resides  at  the  age  of  eighty  years,  and  is  in  the 
enjoyment  of  every  facidty  and  of  good  health. 

On  his  arrival  in  Oregon,  J.  N.  Smith  went 
to  the  Warm  Spring  Indian  resenation,  taught 
the  Indian  school  and  continued  the  study  of 
medicine  \inder  Dr.  John  Nicklin,  who  was 
located  at  the  reservation.  After  two  years  of 
study,  he  attended  lectures  at  the  medical  de- 
partment of  Willamette  University,  and  hegan 
practice  at  Buena  Vista,  I'olk  county,  returning 
for  a  second  course  in  the  fall  of  1880.  He 
graduatc^d  from  the  medical  department  of  the 
college  in  the  spring  of  1881.  lie  then  located 
at  !)allas,  i'olk  county,  and  practiced  until  the 
summer  of  1888,  when  he  settled  at  Salem,  and 
has  since  followed  his  ])rofession.  He  continued 
alone  until  May  1,  1891,  when  he  entered  into 
])artner8hip  w.'  '•  Dr.  W.  II.  Hyrd,  whose  biog- 
raphy elsewhere  appears. 

Dr.  Smith  was  married  at  Dallas  in  1883,  to 
Miss  Mattie  Ellis,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  the 
union  has  been  blessed  with  one  child. 

Dr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
He  has  not  engaged  in  politics,  nor  in  other  in- 
terests outside  ills  profession,  as  his  love  for 
that  has  held  him  constant  in  his  attendance 
upon  the  sick  and  in  ameliorating  the  afHiction 
or  the  sorrowing. 

ill.MAM  M.  C.  CIIRISMAN,  an  es- 
teemed Oregon  pioneer  of  1844,  and  one 
of  McMinnville's  most  profperons  citi- 
zens, was  born  in  Virginia,  September  20, 1880. 
His  parents,  Joel  D.  and  Polly  (Sproul)  Chris- 
man,  were  both  natives  of  the  Old  Dominion, 
where  they  and  their  respective  families  were 
well  and  favorably  known.    Grandfather  Gabriel 


Chrisman,  was  born  in  Virginia  about  the  year 
177f).  The  family  is  of  (ierman  desct'nt,  whose 
ancestors  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  Th(' 
parents  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  had  niiu- 
children,  eight  of  whom  attained  maturity,  live 
now  living.  One  son  is  a  |)roniinent  citi/en  ot 
the  Dalles,  Oregon;  one  lives  in  V^enlura  county, 
California;  while  the  others  are  also  esteemed 
residents  of  this  State,  all  of  whom  are  financially 
very  successful,  and  staiul  high  in  their  various 
communities  for  business  entegrity  and  mo- 
rality. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  seventh  of 
the  family,  and  accompanied  his  parents  to  Oie- 
gon  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age.  This 
was  in  1844,  aiul  that  winter  was  spent  in 
Oregon  City,  when  in  the  spring  of  1845,  the 
family  came  up  the  Willamette  river,  about  two 
miles  southeast  of  the  present  site  of  Dayton, 
where  they  pre-empted  (540  acres  of  land  bor- 
dering on  the  river.  They  camptMl  on  their 
claim  until  their  log  house  was  built,  whi(di  was 
covered  with  boards,  with  logs  laid  across  to 
keep  the  boards  in  place.  The  floor  was  of  split 
and  hewed  timber.  All  their  cattle,  with  the 
exception  of  three  oxen  and  two  cows,  had  died, 
and  with  the  assistance  of  these  oxen  and  one  of 
the  cows  in  a  team,  and  a  wooden  mold-board 
plow,  they  did  their  first  plowing.  Ten  acres  of 
wheat  were  8owe<l  and  hariowed  in,  and  with  an 
extemporized  scythe  blade  and  fingers,  they 
harvested  the  first  grain,  wliich  was  afterward 
laid  shingle  fashion,  with  heads  up,  inside  of  a 
corrall,  on  which  they  turned  the  horses,  who 
ran  around  upon  the  grain  until  it  was  threshed. 
The  straw  was  then  piled  in  the  middle,  while 
two  persons  with  a  sheet,  fanned  the  grain, 
whicli  another  person,  standing  on  a  box,  poured 
in  front  of  the  fan.  In  this  tedious  fashion, 
they  threshed  forty  bushels  to  the  acre.  Their 
provisions  for  the  first  year  was  principally 
boiled  wheat,  and  they  used  parched  wheat  for 
coffee.  All  the  grain  was  ground  in  a  large 
coffee-mill.  The  seed  for  their  first  crop  was 
borrowed. 

The  father  was  an  industrious,  upright  man, 
who  gave  close  attention  to  the  affairs  of  his 
farm,  taking  little  interest  in  anything  eUe,  ex- 
cepting that  he  was  a  good  shot  and  loved  to 
hunt,  by  which  means,  the  family  had  all  the 
venison  they  wanted.  The  subject  of  our  sketch 
recalls  with  interest,  a  visit  made  them  by  some 
of  tlieir  young  friends,  boys  and  girls,  who  came 
on  horseiiack  a  distance  oi  fifteen  niiles  to  spend 


ItlHTOItY    Oh'    OltKnoN. 


.W;l 


the  evuiiiiig  and  Imvu  a  mtcinl  clatice.  Tlutrowas 
notliiiifr  iti  tli«  lioiiAit  to  uat,  exucjit  wheat,  anil 
the  «iil)jt'<'t  of  our  skotdh  wan  anxious  to  have 
Koniti  (leor  coirio  aloii;;,  that  hu  iiii^ht  ailiJ  to  thu 
hinlcr.  He  soon  tliBi-ovtMTd  sotne  and  came  to 
the  lioiiHt!  fur  th(>  gun,  when  hirt  fatlicr  caid, 
"l,et  ino  take  it;  I  can  j^nt  one  of  tiicni."  and  the 
family  Btood  in  tlu<  door  and  watchci  wliile  tlic 
father  kept  tiic  hriiHii  l)etween  iiiin  €.nd  tiie  deer, 
until  he  f;ot  cIohu  eiion^h  to  nhoot.  It  wax  a 
long  range,  hnt  a  doe  tell  wlicn  the  ^iin  cracked. 
She  proved  to  he  a  very  (rid  one,  Init  they  had 
veniHon  xteak  an<l  parched  wheat  for  supper,  and 
those  early  gatherinj^s  of  the  young  pioneer  an 
among  tlie  hrightest  memories  truHnnreJ  hy  the 
participants  to-day. 

The  mother  was  ati  indiiatrioun,  tVuf^al  woman, 
<levotod  to  her  family  and  friends,  and  was  innc.h 
heloved  because  of  these  qualities  and  her  uni- 
form (jood  nature.  Siie  was  horn  I'Vhrnary  17, 
17!I8,  and  died  Mareli  27,  1852,  leavinj;  many 
to  moiiri)  her  loss.  After  Iter  death,  the  father 
divided  tlie  land,  giving  the  youngest  sutliuicnt 
iiroporty  to  keep  him  during  the  rest  of  his  life. 
The  father  survived  until  August  10,  1875, 
when  he  expired  in  the  midst  of  his  family  and 
friends,  who  had  learned  to  esteem  him  for  his 
many  sterling  ([ualities  of  mind  ami  heart,  lie 
was  born  November  7,  1795. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  attended  school  two 
and  one-halt'  miles  fron)  his  home.  This  school 
was  kept  on  Dayton  plains,  and  was  taught  by 
a  Mr.  Smith,  and  there,  Mr.  Chrisman  learned 
to  spell,  read  and  figure,  studying  his  lessons  by 
the  light  of  kindlings  on  the  hearth. 

When  he  arrived  at  maturity  he  fominenced 
life  for  himself  on  a  half  section  of  land,  which 
ho  worked  industriously,  and  was  quite  pros- 
perous 

In  1853  he  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret 
Parrish,  a  daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  Par- 
rish,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1850. 

After  their  marriage  they  moved  on  to  their 
new  farm,  and  while  they  were  building  the 
hewed-log  house,  they  camped  under  the  shel- 
tering boughs  of  an  oak  tree,  on  their  land,  and 
the  young  devoted  wife,  helped  him  raise  the 
house.  This  place  was  located  six  miles  south 
of  Dayton  on  the  Salem  road.  They  resided 
here  for  six  years,  when  they  sold  and  purchased 
the  land  he  has  since  owned,  located  seven  miles 
southwest  of  Dayton.  He  first  purchased  here, 
105  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  built  a  good 
house,  where  he  and  his  wife  lived  and  worked, 


meeting  with  gratifying  huccosb  and  accumu- 
lating jiroperty  and  means.  He  added  from 
time  to  time  to  his  original  purchase,  until  he 
lu'ciime  the  owiu'r  of  ''.'to  acres  of  as  choice 
liirming  land  as  was  to  be  fouml  in  the  country. 

He  then  retire<l  from  his  farm,  gning  to 
Amity,  where  he  built  a  large  cnrnf  irtalile  resi- 
dence, where  he  and  his  family  lived  fur  six 
years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  sold  out,  and 
came  to  Mc.Minnville,  where  he  |)urchased  a 
plea-iant  home,  where  he  and  his  family  now 
reside. 

Mr.  an<l  Mrs.  Ohrisman  lived  very  hapjiily 
together,  Iteing  greatly  devoted  to  each  other. 
They  had  no  family  of  their  own,  but  took  and 
raised  a  child  to  womanhood.  Mrs.  Ohrisman 
became  attticted  with  a  cancer  of  the  stomach, 
and  her  husband  cared  for  her  most  tenderly, 
but  after  six  months'  suffering  she  died  in  1881(. 
They  had  been  married  thirty-seven  years,  and 
Mr.  Clhrisman  pays  a  most  glowing  tril)uto  to 
her  memory,  pronouncing  her  as  good  a  woman 
and  as  devoted  a  wife  as  ever  lived.  She  was 
universally  beloved  on  account  of  her  lovable 
disposition  and  liigh  Christian  character.  To 
express  in  some  slight  degrt!o  his  great  love  for 
his  wife,  he  has  placed  a  beautiful  monument 
on  her  grave,  which  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
ever  seen,  and  cost  83,000. 

Mr.  Chrisman  was  again  married  Juy  11, 
1892,  to  Sarah  A.  Kilby,  a  native  of  Tennessee. 

His  farm,  which  he  still  owns  has  been 
principally  devoted  to  grain,  and  has  always 
been  very  productive.  He  is  now  ri.^singagood 
many  cattle  and  draft  horses  on  thepince,  which 
is  proving  to  be  very  successful  and  remunera- 
tive. Of  late  he  has  been  loaning  money.  He 
is  a  stockholder  in  the  First  National  Hank  of 
McMinnville,  the  prosperity  and  firm  financial 
standing  of  which  is  proverbial. 

He  is  a  strong  Republican  in  politics,  wliile 
his  father  was  a  l)emoerat.  Mr.  Chrisman 
voted  the  Whig  ticket  at  his  firi-t  vote,  showing 
that  lie  is  a  person  who  does  his  own  thinking. 
When  the  Republican  party  was  formed  he 
joined  them,  and  his  constituents  nominated 
him  for  Representative  to  the  State  Legislature, 
but  that  was  an  off  year  for  the  party,  and  every 
candidate  was  defeated;  not,  but  that  the  men 
were  worthy,  but  owing  to  a  combination  of 
circumstances,  for  which  no  one  was  responsible. 
While  not  being  an  office-seeker,  he  is,  like  all 
good  men,  deeply  interested  in  the  affairs  of  his 


sa4 


HISTOliT    OF   OKKOON. 


|!- 


Stnto,  iiihI  liiiH  for  ycnrH  littitmlud  thn  coiivcii- 
tioMs  of  liin  imrly. 

lit)  is  H  itoyal  Arcli  Mai«on,  mid  \\w  for  a 
coupli!  of  toniiH  MuHtitr  of  liis  lod^o. 

'lliiiH  itt  addcil  aiiiitlii'r  iiaiiu;  to  tlit*  already 
(glorious  throng  of  Orcgon'K  dcvi^lo|MirH  and 
present  Htandiird-lH'art'rM.  It  in  liy  ruasuii  of 
Hiich  xti'rlini;  (juaiitieH  of  heart  and  mind  as  o.\- 
iiihitud  l>y  tiie  present  sulijcct,  that  bIiu  ia  en- 
aliled   to  tiike  sneli  a  prond   stand   among  tho 

Sisterli I  of  States,  standing   in   the   foremost 

ranks,  with  her  feet  ()lanted  on  a  sure  founda- 
tion of  agricultural  and  Hnaneial  worth,  while 
the  exhilarating  hreezes  of  lilxtrty  and  tho 
hiilniy  /.cpliyrs  uf  happiness  liatlie  hor  celestial 
forehead. 


ILLIAM  1!.  IIENUEUSON,  one  of  the 

lending  farmers  of  Umatilla  county, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Geauga  county, 
Ohio,  October  It,  lS3t(,  and  lived  there  until  his 
twenty-second  l)irthday.  lie  received  his  edu- 
cation at  the  Fair  View  Academy  of  Oliio,  and 
then  began  the  arduous  duties  of  teaching, 
which  calling  he  followed  for  sometime  '.n  his 
native  state.  In  the  s|)ring  of  1862  Mr.  Hen- 
derson came  to  the  State  he  now  resides  in,  mak- 
ing the  trip,  via  Isthmus,  setting  sail  from  Mew 
York.  The  journey  consumed  thirty- two  days 
and  WHS  a  smooth  one,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Hrst  day  out.  The  storm  was  not  a  serious  one 
and  Mr.  Henderson  landed  in  Portland,  April, 
1802.  As  he  was  without  means  he  began 
teaching  in  Marion  and  Linn  counties,  continu- 
ing this  occupation  until  he  had  earned  enough 
to  purchase  some  land.  Mr.  Henderson  then 
farmed  his  laud  until  1878,  when  he  removed 
to  Umatilla  county,  where  he  bought  the  farm 
he  now  owns,  consisting  of  480  acres  of  tine  laud. 
It  is  well  improved  and  has  a  comfortable  resi- 
dence upon  it.  Substantial  barns  further  beau- 
tify it.  Ilr.  Henderson  now  rents  his  land  and 
does  none  of  the  work  himself,  there  being  no 
necessity  in  working  hard  any  more,  a  daughter 
being  the  only  one  he  has  now  to  provide  for. 
The  wheat  raised  on  Mr.  Henderson's  farm  is  as 
tine  as  any  grown  in  the  county  and  he  has  300 
acres  in  that  staple  grain  which  yield  about 
9,000  bushels. 

Mr.  Henderson  was  married  in  18fi7,  to  Miss 
M.  J.  Deckard,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who  came 


across  tli((  plains,  in  IHSli,  with  her  parents,  at 
the  age  of  six.  Mrs.  Henderson  died,  May  18, 
l8t>U,  leaving  a  loving  husband  and  little  girl 
to  mourn  her  loss.  'Ihis  daughter,  Ella  Maud, 
is  still  living  with  her  father.  Mr.  Henderson, 
like  many  other  of  the  emigrants,  came  to  Ore- 
gon with  but  very  little  metMis,  but  by  his  close 
attention  to  hig  busine.'^s  he  nas  accumulated 
sutKcient  to  support  himself  and  daughter  very 
comfortably,  as  long  as  both  shall  live,  without 
any  more  hard  work.  He  has  lilled  several 
small  ottices  of  his  township,  among  which  are 
Justice  ti(  the  i'i  ice  a;id  minor  otHces.  In  poli- 
tico) he  IS  a  Ktancli  Uepublican. 

Mr.  Henderson  was  the  son  of  William  and 
Mftry  (Vance)  llendersvu,  natives  of  (Jrange 
county,  Ohio.  Of  tho  t\^elve  children  born  to 
them  our  subject  was  the  fourth.  Nino  of  those 
children  are  still  livinir  Mr.  Henderson,  Sr., 
had  a  brother  who  enlisted  in  an  Ohio  regiment, 
was  captured  in  the  fourteen  days'  tight  in  the 
Wilderness  and  sent  to  Libby  prison,  but  afttir- 
ward  tra.isferred  to  Andersonville,  where  he 
died,  the  cause  of  his  death  being  the  bad 
treatment  received.  No  words  can  paint  tho 
terrible  suiferings  of  these  brave  soldiers  from 
starvation  and  thirst.  Mr.  Henderson,  Sr.,  died 
February  27,  181)2,  from  the  effects  of  the  grip, 
aged  eighty-six  years.  His  wife  is  sti"  living 
in  Ohio,  aged  eighty-two. 

L.  AIIRINGTON,  Treasurer  of  Douglas 
county,  was  born   in   Do   Kalb  county, 

^  »  Missouri,  in  1845.  In  1851  he  crossed 
the  plains  with  his  father,  J.  M.  Arrington,  now 
deceased,  and  during  the  year  1851-'o2  they 
farmed  in  the  Willamette  valley;  moved  to 
Douglas  county  in  1852.  In  1853  tho  father 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Territorial 
Constitution,  and  later  was  an  Assemblyinan 
and  Commissioner  of  Douglas  county.  From 
1808  to  1872  he  was  one  of  the  projectors  of 
the  Coos  Bay  Wagon  Road,  of  which  he  built 
fourteen  miles;  was  a  civil  engineer  by  pro- 
fession, and  his  death  occurred  in  November, 
1890,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

V.  L.  Arrington  received  his  education  in  the 
district  schools  of  this  county,  after  which  he 
tauij;ht  in  this  and  Coos  counties  nine  years.  In 
1882  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  party 
for  County  Superintendent  of  schools,  but  was 


ui»r<niy  of  ohkoos 


SH/i 


(let'eatoil.  llo  wan  tlion  ciiga){vil  in  inuruliaiiiliH- 
iiig  ami  luillill^  iiiilil  188M,  wlieii  liu  wax elvc.tt'tl 
CJoiiiily  Ti-faHiiror,  ami  i-o-clfclt'tl  in  iHliO,  and 
a^ain  in  18'J2.  Uiii  lii'At  nuijurity  waH  tifty -eix 
vuttw,  hilt  HLToiKJ  'Ahi,  anil  liis  tliini  111.  llu 
Itcing  a  Doinocrat,  and  tim  county  'ioO  liu)>iil''' 
can  niajurity,  hIiuwm  tliat  lie  i«  lieUl  in  iiigli  uh- 
teiMn  by  all  partioK.  In  lliu  fall  of  18H0  Mr. 
Arrington  war<  one  of  tlut  prime  niovurD  in  the 
Hnilding  and  i^uan  Anisociation,  which  wii  nr- 
^anii^L-d  with  a  capital  utock  of  i{tl(M),(l(M)  t  in 
turn-  year8  ha»  hiiilt  thirty-four  honiioB,  ami 
acciimiilatud  and  loanui'  i(t2li,U24  lie  ia  now 
Burving  an  wcrotary  of  thin  ansociution.  li. 
February,  18i)2,  ho  orj^anizi'd  a  Ituilditiir  and 
Loan  AsHociatioii  in  Oakland;  it)  ttocrctary  of  the 
Kosehurj^  Water  Company  and  the  1.  ().  ().  V. 
Building  AHsociation.  The  latter  waH  organized 
in  1892,  with  a  capital  stock  of  812,000,  in- 
ereai^ed  to  #1(1, 500,  its  object  being  to  build  an 
Odd  Fellows'  hall  and  opera  houte,  at  a  cost  of 
#1(5,000.  Our  Bubjoct  was  also  one  of  the  orig- 
inators of  the  Uuipqui^  Valley  Canning  Com- 
pany, with  a  capital  stock  of  !^12,000,  of  which 
lie  is  also  the  secretary;  in  1878  was  made  a 
Motary  I'ublic,  and  is  still  one;  and  in  1888  was 
the  originator  of  an  abstract  otiice,  which  he 
Bubt«equently  sold.  lie  owns  a  section  of  tine 
timber  land  in  Comas  valley,  and  a  one-third 
interest  in  a  sawniill  adjoining  the  claim. 

Mr.  Arrington  was  married  in  1877,  to  Miss 
Sidna  C.  Anderson,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  who 
died  in  1870.  They  had  one  child,  James  1. 
M.  In  1884  the  lather  married  Miss  Julia  8. 
McCouell,  a  nativeof  Oregon,  and  they  have  had 
tour  children:  Lily  Frances,  Charley  M.,  de- 
ceased; Julia  Violett,  and  Vincent  M.  Our 
subject's  beautiful  residence  is  located  on 
Stephens  street,  and  ho  also  owns  other  valuable 
pr  iperty  in  this  city.  Ho  is  an  energetic  and 
public-spirited  citizen,  and  to  such  as  he  the 
material  prosperity  of  liosebi'rg  is  greatly  due. 

fllARLES  W.  WASIIBURNE,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits  near  Junc- 
tion city,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Gallia 
county,  Ohio,  in  1824,  a  son  of  llobert  and  Eva 
(lioy)  Washburne.  His  parents  were  natives  of 
Virginia  and  descendants  of  the  colonial  settlers 
of  that  commonwealth.  Charles  Washburne, 
the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  killed  by 


the  Indians  near  ('larksburg,  Virginia,  during 
tlu<  t'arly  border  warfare.  Kobcrt  WaHhlmrne 
removed  with  his  family  to  Ohio  about  1822 
and  engaged  in  farming;  later  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois, and  afterward  to  Deii  Moines  county. 
Iowa,  where  he  and  his  wife  passed  the  re- 
'ainder  of  their  lives.  Cliarlos  W.  renmined 
V  ith  his  parents  during  their  lifetime,  and  con- 
tinued agricultural  pursuits  in  Iowa  until  the 
i.')ld  excitement  in  California  spread  over  il'o 
entire  country.  He  crossed  the  plains  with  a 
')m|i.iiiy  of  seventy,  binding  at  Coloma  Octo- 
Im>i,  1841).  After  about  tifteeii  months  of  min- 
ing in  that  locality  and  at  (Jeorgetown  he  went 
to  San  Francisco,  where  he  took  a  sailing  vessel 
down  the  coast.  C<,..iing  iiy  way  of  the  Isth- 
IIIII.S,  crossing  lake  Nicaragua,  down  the  river 
San  •luan,  the  |>roposed  canal  route,  he  returned 
to  his  home  in  Iowa, 

He  was  married  in  November,  1851,  to  Miss 
Catherine  A.  Stansl)ury.  Ho  then  settled  upon 
a  farm  in  Henry  county,  Iowa,  and  followed 
farming  until  the  S])ritig  of  1853,  when  he  sold 
out  ami  a^ain  crossed  the  plains,  his  destination 
being  Oregon.  Ho  had  two  wagons,  ci^it  yoke 
of  oxen  and  some  loose  cattle.  The  event  of  the 
journey  was  the  birth  of  his  oldest  child  on  the 
plains  near  Chimney  liock.  They  crossed  the 
Cascade  mountains  by  the  Harlow  route  and 
landed  at  Foster's  in  the  fall  of  1853,  aftei'  six 
months  of  travel.  Mr.  Washburne  located  his 
donation  claim  of  320  acres,  one  and  a  half 
miles  southwest  of  the  present  town  of  .1  unction 
City.  He  built  a  log  cabin  with  a  ihake  roof, 
which  he  completed  in  time  to  have  shelter 
from  the  winter  rains.  He  then  began  farming 
and  breeding  from  the  animals  he  brought  with 
him;  gradually  established  a  largo  live-stock 
business.  He  also  secured  other  lands  to  the 
amount  of  6,000  acres,  which  ho  still  retains, 
besides  large  property  interests  in  Washington. 
He  has  been  an  extensive  grower  of  grain,  sow- 
ing from  300  to  GOO  acres  annually.  In  1874 
he  removed  to  his  present  home,  adjoining 
Junction  City. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Washburne  are  the  parents  of 
eleven  children:  Ella  is  the  wife  of  John  Wort- 
man,  of  Portland;  George  S.,  deceased,  was  a 
prominent  attorney  and  judge  of  Lane  county, 
standing  very  high  in  his  profession;  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Minnie  L.  Lookwood,  who  with  two 
sons,  Chester  W.  and  Karl  G.,  survive  him; 
Thomas  A.  and  Chester  D.  are  both  deceased; 
Eva  J.  is  the  wife  of  Kobert  Hill,  a  merchant  of 


r,m 


ItlSTOny    I'F    OIlh'OON. 


I  ii  I 


]l 


if 


Colfax,  Wivsliiiigtoii;  Byron  A.,  William  0., 
Kinina  A.,  Bertha  K.,  Frederick  W.and  LetitiaS. 
In  1872  Mr.  Wasliburrie  represented  the  Re- 
publican party  of  Lane  comity  as  a  member  of 
the  Legislature.  In  18m  he  jinrehased  the 
mill  property  at  Springfield  and  put  in  a  com- 
plete roller  process,  with  a  capacity  of  luO  bar- 
rels a  day.  Tlii?  establishment  is  conducted  by 
his  two  sons,  Byron  and  William.  He  made 
an  addition  to  Jutiction  City  in  1891,  and  was 
one  of  theorffanizors  of  the  .1  unction  City  Hotel 
Company,  of  which  he  is  still  president.  He  is 
one  of  the  most  active  ami  protiressive  men  of 
the  town,  and  has  done  his  sliare  in  developing 
her  resources. 


fAPTAIN  A.  C.  FISH  Ell,  one  of  the  enter- 
prisincr  men  of  Astoria  and  copartner  in 
the  linn  of  Fisher  Brothers,  was  born  in 
Gern:any,  in  1846.  In  1855  his  parents  emi- 
grated to  America  and  located  in  Lyme  county, 
Connecticut,  where  they  engaged  in  agricultur- 
al pursuits,  until  ISC-t,  wlien  the  entire  fariiily 
removed  to  Oregon  and  located  a  homestead,  in 
Clatsop  county. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  accompanied  his 
parents  through  the  various  changes,  until 
reaching  Oregon,  when  he  fortned  a  partnership 
with  his  brother,  Henry,  and  they  built  the 
schooner,  "Ella  Nora,''  which  they  operated  for 
ten  years,  doing  general  freighting  business 
ab.  ut  the  river  and  harbor.  In  1874  our  sub- 
ject purchased  an  interest  in  the  steamboat, 
"Onietta,"  in  partnership  with  1).  K.  Warren, 
C.  A.  McGnire  and  (Captain  Babbidgc,  and  to- 
gether they  ran  the  boat  between  Astoria  and 
Siskiyou,  in  a  general  freight  and  passenger 
business.  In  187r)  Captain  Fisher  bought  the 
steamer,  "Sam,"  and  ran  it  on  the  same  route 
for  several  yea.  r,  developing  such  a  trade  that 
greater  facilities  were  required  and  he  then 
built  the  steamer,  "Electric,''  which  he  operated 
until  September,  188'J,  when  he  sold  out  and 
bougiit  the  interest  ot  Louis  Wilson,  of  the 
firm  of  Wils.ui  &  Fisher  and  then  established 
the  firm  of  Fii-lier  Brothers,  which  continued 
in  the  same  line  of  merchandise  as  iiefore,  car- 
rying groceries  and  hardware,  also  ship-chan- 
dlery and  agricultural  implements.  The  firm 
occupy  a  building  erected  by  Captain  P'isher,  in 
1877,  when  the  streets   were   unimproved   and 


the  work  wa»  done  from  boat  along  side.  Streets 
and  building  were  completed  about  the  same 
time  and  Wilson  &  Fisher  established  the  pres- 
ent business.  The  surviving  member  was  born 
in  Lyme  county,  Connecticut,  and  came  to  Ore- 
gon with  his  parents  in  1864.  Arriving  at 
mature  years  he  engaged  in  boating  witli  his 
brothers,  and  later  was  employed  in  the  cannery 
of  A.  Booth  &  Company,  in  various  capacities. 

In  1876  he  took  a  course  at  the  Commer- 
cial Business  College,  at  Portland,  and  in  1877 
he  formed  the  copartnership  with  Mr.  Wilson, 
and  without  experience  they  put  up  $1,000 
each,  as  working  capital,  and  embarked  upon 
the  business,  which  lias  since  been  so  successful. 
From  this  small  beginning  their  business  now 
averages  about  $100,000  per  year. 

He  was  married,  in  Astoria,  in  1877,  to  Miss 
Clara  Madison,  and  they  have  one  child,  Earl 
Augustus.  Captain  Fisher  is  unmarried.  He 
is  a  member  of  I.  O.  ().  F.  Encampment  and 
■>ne  of  the  exempt  firemen. 

The  Fisher  brothers  own  valuable  busines.s 
and  resident  property,  both  se^-arately  and 
jointly,  and  as  enterprising,  executive  busi- 
ness men.  are  actively  enlisted  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  city  of  Astoria. 

tOBERT  M.  PORTER,  of  Forest  Grove, 
came  to  Oregon  in  1850.  He  was  born  in 
Clark  county.  Ohio,  August  7,  1826.  His 
father,  Ebenezer  Porter,  was  of  Scotch  ancestry, 
early  settler  of  New  England,  born  in  Virginia 
and  removed  to  ( )hio  and  resided  at  what  is 
now  Cincinnati  for  three  years.  He  went  to 
Dayton  and  married  Hannah  Streef,  of  Vir- 
ginia, of  Irish  ancestry.  They  raised  three 
children.  Mr.  Porter,  our  subject,  was  the  eld- 
est child  and  he  lived  in  Ohio  until  he  was 
twenty-three  and  then  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon and  took  up  a  donation  claim  near  Forest 
Grove.  There  was  a  mill  privilege  on  the 
property,  but  later  he  sold  it  and  went  to  For- 
est Grove  November  13,  1850.  One  settler, 
Milton  Tuttie  comprised  the  city  of  Forest 
Grove  at  that  time.  Mr.  Porter  maile  that 
place  his  home  and  purchased  a  village  lot 
building  on  it  the  house  that  Mr.  Garrison  now 
occupies.  He  resided  on  the  west  side  of  the 
town  for  five  ycar^. 

In  1852  lie  married  Caroline  Brown  of  Mis- 


Ilia 


BISTORT    OP    OREGON. 


srn 


soiiri.  They  liad  three  cliildren,  Ebeiiezcr,  Mav 
and  Tobiutha.  May  married  and  soon  after 
died  and  Tol)iatha  became  the  wife  of  AVill- 
iain  (/oopor,  of  Tillamook.  Mrs.  I'orter  died 
in  1859,  and  later  ho  married  Mrs.  Laura 
Stokes.  Her  maiden  name  was  Selover.  She 
had  four  children  by  Mr.  Stokes  and  one  by 
Mr.  I'orter.  This  was  a  dauifhter  named  £s- 
telle.  She  died  in  her  twenty-eighlli  year.  Af- 
ter his  marriage  with  Mrs.  Stokes  he  sold  the 
town  property  and  moved  to  her  farm  which 
joins  the  town  and  he  resided  on  thi.'<  prop- 
erty twenty  years  and  then  purchased  a  house 
and  lot  in  Forest  Grove,  where  he  and  iiis  wife 
now  reside.  Mrs.  Porter  came  to  Orcffon  in 
1851,  and  her  first  husband  in  1846.  She  came 
from  Tompkins  county,  daughter  of  Peter  Se- 
lover. Tlie  Stokes'  donation  claim  included  the 
present  college  grounds  and  Mrs.  Porter  still 
owns  100  acres  of  tlio  original  claim. 

Mrs.  Porter  is  a  member  of  the  Uongroga- 
tional  Church  a:;d  when  siio  joined  it  it  was 
held  in  a  log  cabin.  Her  children  by  lier  first 
marriage  are,  Alice,  now  Mrs.  William  Turpin; 
Filla,  now  Mrs.  Thomas  Floyd;  Laura,  now  Mrs. 
Albert  Young.  Her  son  Charles  lives  in  Fore-st 
drove  and  is  telegraph  operator  on  the  Times. 
She  has  twelve  grandchildren.  Mr.  Porter  be- 
came a  Republican  when  the  party  was  organ- 
ized and  was  a  strong  Union  man  at  the  time 
that  (inestion  came  up.  He  has  been  an  uprigiii 
honoroble  man  and  has  resided  in  Oregon  forty- 
two  years.  He  is  known  and  highly  esteemed 
by  all  the  pioneers. 


fOHN  KOPP,  the  genial  and  obliging  pro- 
prietor of  the  North  Pacific  Brewery  of 
Astoria,  was  born  in  Switzerlandv  in  185o, 
a  sou  of  Joseph  Kopp,  a  resident  of  Astoria, 
Oregon,  aged  severty-four  years.  Our  subject 
was  reared  to  farm  life  in  his  native  country, 
and  in  1873  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
hjca-ing  in  Michigan,  near  lake  Superior,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  iron  and  copper  mines. 
In  1875  he  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  was 
engaged  as  a  day  laborer  one  year,  followed  the 
butcher's  business  at  Storm  Lake,  Iowa,  engaged 
in  gold  mining  iii  the  Black  Hills,  followed  his 
trade  in  Montana,  in  1888  started  the  Bay  View 
Preweryat  Seattle,  with  A.  Henrich  as  a  part- 
ner, and  in  1884  established  the  North    Pacific 


Brewery  at  Astoria.  The  plant  is  located  on 
Sixth  street  and  Abernette  avenue,  and  the  ca- 
pacity of  the  brewery  is  15,()0()  barrels  jier  year, 
and  of  the  ice  i)latit  ninety  tons  per  month.  He 
employs  from  ten  to  fifteen  men  the  entire  year, 
and  not  only  supplies  the  city  of  Astoria,  but 
Tillamook,  South  Bend,  Sea  Side  and  all  coast 
points.  He  has  estaltlished  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion as  a  good  business  man,  and  enjoys  the 
confidence  of  all  with  whom  he  sustains  business 
relations. 

In  1891  Mr.  Kopp  was  chosen  as  Councilman 
by  the  residents  of  the  Third  Ward  of  Astoria, 
and  in  1890  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic 
party  as  Senator  for  this  district.  By  that  party 
being  in  the  minority  he  was  not  elected, 
although  he  I'an  ahead  of  his  ticket.  He  was 
married  in  1880  to  Miss  Annie  Boentgen,  a 
native  of  Germany,  and  they  have  the  following 
children:  John,  Julia,  Lizzie,  Anna,  Lena  and 
Ilattie.  Socially,  our  subject  attiliates  with  the 
Elks,  the  K.  of  P.  and  tiieSonsof  Herman.  IIo 
is  still  in  the  prime  of  life,  but  as  a  man  of 
business  and  enterprise,  he  stands  second  to  none 
in  Astoria,  and  no  public  enterprise  in  the  city 
lacks  his  financial  support. 

|EV.  JOSIAH  L.  PARRISH,  the  oldest 
living  pioneer  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  was 
born  in  Onondaga  county.  New  York,  on 
January  14,  1806.  His  father,  Benjamin  Par- 
rish,  a  native  of  the  State  of  Connecticut,  was 
born  in  1777,  during  the  Kevolutionary  war. 
He  was  of  English  ancestry  and  came  to  the 
colonies  with  the  Puritans.  He  married  Miss 
Sally  Lamberson,  a  native  of  Mew  Jc-sey,  who 
was  of  Dutch  ancestry.  They  had  ten  chil- 
dren, of  whom  five  are  still  living.  Josiah  L. 
Parrish  was  their  oldest  son.  He  was  sent  to 
the  public  schojls.  He  learned  the  blacksmith 
irnde  of  his  father,  and  worked  at  it  so  young 
thftt  he  had  to  stand  on  a  stool  to  blow  and 
strike.  He  remained  in  his  native  town  until 
he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  they  removed 
to  Monroe  county,  and  later  to  Allegany 
county.  He  worked  on  tin*  P>ie  canal  at  Brock- 
port,  and  later  left  Allegany  county  for  New 
York  in  1839.  Fri.ni  there,  on  the  9th  of 
October,  1839,  he  started  for  Oregon,  with  the 
liev.  Jason  Lee  and  party.  They  sailed  on  the 
ship  Lausanne,  going  by  the  way  of  Capo  Horn 


ji ^j.  .^^g^mmmam 


mmmmmfmmmmmm 


ii 


638 


HISTORY    OF   OREGON. 


an  J  the  ^aiidwicli  islaiuls,  niul  arrived  in  Ore- 
gon in  May,  IS'iO.  Tliore  were  in  the  company 
liev.  A.  F.  Waller,  liev.  (iustavns  liines,  iiev. 
J>.  II.  Jndi^on,  Kev.  Jamee  Olley,  Rev.  J.  L. 
Parrish,  Dr.  J.  J^.  Habeock,  Mr.  George  Aber- 
natliy,  Mr.  Iloulton  (Janijibell,  Ur.  John  II. 
Ricliniond  (^wiio  is  now  in  Dakota),  Mr.  II.  B. 
Brewer,  Mr.  W.  W.  Raymond  and  their  fami- 
lies, and  Miss  C.  A.  Clark,  Miss  KImer  I'helps, 
Miss  Almira  Phelps  and  Miss  Orpha  Lankton. 
Mr.  I'arrisli  was  raised  a  Methodist,  having 
been  converted  when  ten  years  of  age  and  pow- 
erfully renewed  when  eighteen  years  of  age. 
lie  was  an  ordained  minister  when  he  came 
with  the  missionaries,  hut  lie  was  also  a  good 
blacksmith,  in  which  latter  capacity  he  acted 
for  some  time,  doing  the  blacksmithing  tor  tlie 
missionaries  and  others.  He  was  blacksmith, 
harnessinaker,  wiigon  and  tool  maker,  and,  like 
8t.  Paul,  "all  things  to  all  men."  They  first 
stopped  at  the  old  mission,  ten  miles  below 
Salem,  on  the  Willamette  river.  After  black- 
smithing  three  years  he  was  sent  as  a  mission- 
ary to  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river.  He 
found  one  white  man  there,  named  .lames  Bur- 
ney,  who  bad  an  Indian  wife.  An  Indian 
named  King  George  piloted  their  boat  up  the 
I'iver.  Rev.  Daniel  Lee  helped  him  start  Ins 
missionary  work.  There  were  plenty  of  Indians 
at  Vancouver,  and  they  came  oii  board  Mr. 
Parrisli's  boat,  and,  although  he  could  not 
bpeak  a  word  of  their  language,  yet  he  had 
known  the  Indians  and  their  customs  in  the 
East  from  the  time  he  was  a  boy,  and  he  gave 
tliein  some  tobacco  and  they  put  it  in  their 
jiipes  and  smoked  it.  Mr.  Parrish  thinks  the 
Indians  swallowed  the  smoke,  as  it  appeared  to 
mak^  them  very  sick,  and  they  would  fall  down 
as  if  ilead,  but  soon  recovered.  He  landed  on 
Clatsop  plains,  seven  miles  south  of  the  Colum- 
bia river,  where,  w^ith  his  wife  and  three  cliil- 
<lren,  he  lived,  learned  the  Indian  language  and 
taught  them  to  work  and  preached  to  them  the 
story  of  the  Cross.  He  worked  at  splittitig  rails 
and  at  everything  that  needed  doing.  His  wav 
with  the  Indians  was,  "  (>)me,  boys,  let  us  do 
this."  He  always  told  them  the  truth  and 
never  allowed  hinis.df  to  betray  the  least  fear. 
They  became  his  fast  friends  and  would  do  any- 
thing for  him,  and  many  of  them  embraced 
Christianity.  In  IH-l'J  he  was  appointed  Indian 
agent,  his  territory  extending  from  (California  to 
Britioh  Columbia.  He  had  for  five  years  the 
arranging  and  settlement  of  all  difficulties  be- 


tween the  Indians  and  the  whites.  He  suffered 
great  exposure  and  had  many  hairbreadth 
escapes.  He  gained  the  entire  contldence  of  the 
Indians  and  never  had  any  trouble  with  them. 
After  five  years'  service  he  received  a  re-ap- 
pointment for  four  more  years,  but,  on  account 
of  his  wife's  ill  health,  he  resigned. 

During  the  gold  excitement  in  California  a 
party  of  white  men  were  sent  from  Port  Auford 
to  find  a  trail  that  would  connect  with  the  trail 
for  California.  On  the  Coquille  river  they 
came  in  contact  with  about  200  hostile  Indians, 
by  whom  several  of  the  white  men  were  killed, 
and  tiiose  that  escaped  suffered  greatly  before 
returning  to  Port  Auford.  They  returned  the 
day  that  Mr.  Parrish  arriveil  on  ship  at  i^ort 
Auford.  Mr.  Parrish  was  accompanied  by  Dr. 
Dart,  who  was  the  Superintendent  of  Indian 
Affairs.  Dr.  Dart  wanted  a  conference  with  the 
Coquille  Indians,  and  asked  Mr.  Parrish  to 
take  forty  well-armed  men  and  go  and  find 
them,  ifc  replied,  "  I  will  go  if  you  will  let 
me  take  my  own  way.  All  1  want  is  three  red 
blankets,  a  whole  piece  of  red  calico,  a  pony  to 
pack  the  goods  on,  some  hanl-tack  find  salmon 
and  a  trusty  Indian  that  can  talk  (Joquille,  and 
also  some  tobacco."  Their  reply  was,  "  They 
will  kill  you,"  but  he  said,"  I  know  the  Indians 
better  than  you  do."  He  started  with  this  out- 
fit, saying  to  them,  "  Von  may  look  for  me 
back  in  two  and  a  half  days."  When  he  arrived 
within  about  a  mile  and  a  half  below  the  In- 
dians" camp  he  halted  and  made  his  camp.  Ho 
then  sent  his  guide  forward  with  the  red  blank- 
ets to  present  to  the  throe  chiefs,  and  told  him 
to  stay  with  them  over  night  and  ask  them  in 
the  morning  to  come  and  see  him,  unarmed. 
In  the  morning  he  went  out  of  his  camp  a  short 
distance  and  saw  two  Indians  coming,  and  got 
iH'hind  a  largo  rock  out  of  their  sight  and  re- 
tired to  his  camp.  They  came  to  the  rock  and 
peeked  around  it,  and  he  beckoned  for  them  to 
come  to  his  camp.  He  gave  them  some  tobacco 
and  calico  and  bade  them  sit  down.  In  half  an 
hour  his  Indian  returned  with  twenty-eight  In- 
dians, armed  and  painted  for  war.  When  they 
came  in  sight  he  beckoned  for  them  to  come 
nearer.  He  gave  each  a  bit  of  tobacco  and  asked 
them  to  sit  down.  They  formed  a  half  circle, 
with  his  Indian  Jack  and  himself  in  the  middle, 
and  he  gave  them  a  talk,  the  purport  of  which 
was,  that  he  was  a  chief,  representing  his  peo- 
ple, and  if  they  would  treat  his  people  well  it 
would  be  all  right.    He  told  thcin  that  he  had 


HISTORY    OF   OREGON. 


639 


known  Indiann  from  a  boy  and  knew  their  cus- 
toms   and    habita.      He  had  a  large    red  sash 
around   his  waist,  tied  in  a  bowknot  on  one  side. 
He  untied  it  and  told  the  head  chief  to  stand  up. 
Mr.  Parrish  then  approached  him  and  tied  the 
scarf  around  him,  and  said,  "This  is  my  heart 
and  my  talk,  what  is  your  heart?"     The  chief 
stood  a  moment,  then  turned  to  his  son,  took  a 
sea-otter  skin  from  his  shoulders  and  handed  it 
to  Mr.  Parrish.     That  ended  the  treaty.     They 
then  all  had  a  repast  of  hard-tack  and  salmon. 
After  this  General   Palmer  was  made  Sup- 
erintendent.    In  1854   Mr.  Parrish  was  Indian 
agent  of  the  district   from   California  to   Coos 
bay,    several    treaties    were    made    with    the 
Indians,  which  resulted   in    much  good  to  the 
country.     He  gave  them  blankets,  shirts,  shoes 
and    hats,   and    was    with    them    live    months, 
organizing  their  district,  and  became  thoroughly 
acquainted    with   them.     He  was   informed  at 
Port   Auford  that    miners  near  the  California 
State  line  had  had  trouble  with  the  Indians,  and 
that  a  white   man    had   been    killed   by   three 
Indians,  and  there  was  danger  of  the  miners 
making  war  on  the  Indians  to  obtain  satisfac- 
tion. Mr.  Parrish  was  to  arrest  the  offenders  and 
give  them  a  fair  trial,  and  thus   make   peace 
according    to    law.     He   had   learned  that  the 
Indians,  who  had  killed   the  white  man,  were 
near  the  California  State  line,  so  he  went  down 
the  coast,  treating   with  the  different  tribes  as 
he  went  down.     At  one  place  the  whites  had 
burned  out  the  Indians,  and  there  was  a  very 
e.xcited  and  warlike  feeling  among  the  Indians. 
He  sent  out  word  to  them  that  the  man  of  peace 
had  come.     The  Indians  were  naked  and  wild, 
their  women  having  only  a  stritig  around  them, 
from  which  hung  strips  of  cedai    bark  down  to 
the  knees.     He  staid  with  the  Indians  for  six 
days,  and  treated  with  them.  He  told  them  that 
they  had  three  Indians  who  had  killed  a  white 
man,  and  they  must  deliver  them  to  liim  to  be 
dealt  with  according  to  law.     They  agreed  to 
deliver    them  the  next  morning,  but   when  the 
morning  came,  the  guilty  ones  had  gone.     He 
singled  out  twenty  of  them,  and  said,  "  I  will 
take  these  to  Port  Auford,  if  you  do  not  deliver 
the  men."  So  the  ne.xt  day  they  brought  in  two 
of  them,  the  otiier  had  escaped  up  tlie   Rogue 
river.     He  tlien  sent  tivo  chiefs  after  the  man, 
and  told   them    to   meet  him  at  the    moutli   of 
Rogue  river  with  the  man,  and  he  started  back 
•vith  the  others.   Wheh  he  arrived  at  the  mouth 
•f  the   river,  the  chiefs  were  not  there,  so  he 


took  a  canoe  and  went  to  see  where  they  were. 
After  he  had  gone  up  ten  miles  he  met  the 
chiefs.  They  reported  that  they  could  not  get  the 
Indian,  that  they  bad  had  trouble,  and  bad  come 
near  lighting.  Mr.  Parrish  said,  "Never  mind, 
turn  back  with  me."  When  he  arrived  at  the 
village,  he  told  tbeni  that  he  was  like  the  sun, 
that  always  accomplishes  its  designs,  and  be  must 
have  the  man.  Tiiey  said  he  liad  gone.  Mr. 
Parrish  asked  if  the  man  had  any  friends,  then, 
and  the  chiefs  turned  out  his  wile  and  sister. 
Mr.  Parrish  told  them  to  get  into  his  canoe  and 
also  told  the  chiefs  to  get  in.  Tlien  he  talked 
to  them,  and  told  them  lie  would  take  them  to 
Wright's  cabin,  down  the  river,  and  remain 
there  until  morning.  If  they  brought  the  man, 
they  could  return;  if  not,  he  would  take  them 
to  Port  Auford.  Al  that  they  made  a  great  yell 
of  terror,  and  he  started,  saying  good-by.  On 
the  way  down,  there  was  an  eagle  trying  to  get 
a  duck.  When  the  canoe  reached  whore  he  was, 
he  was  foiled  in  his  attempt,  and  alighted  in  the  top 
of  a  tree.  As  the  boat  was  being  pushed  rapidly 
down  stream,  lie  raised  his  rifle  and  shot  the 
eagle.  The  Indians  were  tilled  with  amazement 
at  his  power.  He  put  the  Indian  chiefs  and  the 
women  in  the  cabin,  and  he  kept  watch  in  front 
of  it  during  the  night.  About  nine  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  a  woman  came  with  food  for  them. 
She  asked  if  he  was  going  to  take  them  to  Port 
Auford,  he  said,  "Yes,  unless  they  bring  the 
Indian."  She  went  off  crying.  In  about  an  hour 
one  hundred  Indians  came,  driving  the  man 
before  them,  and  he  was  perspiring  at  every 
pore.  Mr.  Parrish  approached  him  and  offered 
his  hand  to  shake,  and  said,  "Where  is  your 
heart?"  He  said,  "He  didn't  know."  Mr.  Parrish 
said,  "Will  you  go  with  me  to  Port  .Vutbid,  or 
will  you  be  like  a  dog  and  run  in  the  biiu-'.i, 
when  you  get  a  chance?"  He  said,  "I  will  go 
with  you,  as  living  as  1  live."  Mr.  Parrish  tied 
a  cord  a  round  his  arm,  then  nntied  it,  and  put 
Jt  in  his  pocket.  When  they  reached  the  place 
where  Mr.  Parrish's  horse  was,  Mr.  Parrish 
rode  on  a  trot,  and  the  Indian  kept  up.  They 
had  peninsula  to  cross,  where  there  was  much 
water,  but  the  Indian  plunged  in  and  followed 
tlirough.  Darkness  overtook  them  eight  miles 
from  Port  Auford.  and  they  made  a  fire  of  drift- 
wood. Mr.  Parrish  told  the  Indian  to  lie  down, 
which  he  was  glad  to  do.  Mr.  Parrish  watched 
him  until  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  the 
tide  went  out,  and  they  started  on,  and  arrived 
at  Port  Auford,  where  he  met  Oeneral   Palmer 


m 


840 


HTSTOlir    OF   OREGON. 


Hiiil  his  party,  iiiid  tlie  iiu'ii  lin  liiid  sent  witli 
the  two  liuliariB  were  there  also.  The  Iniliniis 
were  kept  tor  six  weeks,  ami  as  there  was-  no 
li.'gal  eourt,  tiiroiigii  the  solicitation  of  Mr. 
Parrish,  tliey  were  alloweil  to  go  to  their  trieiuls. 
At  the  tinie.tiiev  had  killed  the  man,  they  had 
jii8t  eseapcd  from  tlieir  biirniiii;  houses,  and  that 
initi^iited  the  crime,  and  it  was  believed  that  a 
court  would  have  acijuitted  them.  All  of  this 
is  related  as  a  reminiscence  of  tiie  early  days, 
and  to  show  the  wonderful  courage  and  power 
Mr.  I'arrish  had.  lie  returned  to  Salem,  where 
he  found  his  wife  sick.  He  had  been  with  the 
Indians  live  months,  (leneral  Palmer  wanted 
him  to  return,  but  he  resigned  his  post  as  In- 
dian agent.  His  ife  never  recovered,  but  lin- 
gered alon>i  until  1870,  when  she  died.  During 
nearly  all  the  time  he  was  engaged  in  preaching. 
He  was  stationed  at  Portland,  Oregon,  as 
preacher  in  184'J,  and  has  preached  at  many  of 
the  appointments  iif  the  State. 

His  tii-st  marriage  occurred  in  1833,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Winn,  a  native  of  New  York.  They 
had  four  children.  They  lost  the  oldest  son, 
Lamberson  \V.,  the  first  year  they  were  in  Ore- 
gon, in  September.  18-10.  The  surviving  sotis 
are  Norman  O.,  Samuel  B.  and  Charles  \V. 
S.  n.  is  chief  of  police  at  Portland;  C.  W.  is  a 
lawyer  at  Canon  City,  he  was  born  on  Clatsop 
Peach,  in  1844,  and  was  one  of  the  first  white 
children  born  in  Oregon;  and  N.  O.  resides  in 
Salem. 

His  second  marriage  occurred  in  1870,  to 
Miss  Jet-nie  L.  Lichenthaler.  They  had  two 
daughter.s,  (Trace  and  .Josie.  Mrs.  Parrish  died 
in  1887,  and  in  1888  he  married  his  present 
wife,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Pierce,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
and  widow  of  Mr.  .1.  O.  Pierce,  a  pioiseer  of 
Washington  county,  Oregon.  She  had  one  son 
by  her  jjrevious  marriage.  Mr.  Parish  is  now 
in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  as  straight  as  an  arrow, 
and  is  in  the  enjoyment  of  all  of  his  faculties, 
except  that  he  is  a  little  deaf.  He  has  lived  a 
long  and  useful  life,  which  he  has  devoted  to  the* 
Methodist  Church,  the  Willamette  University, 
and  the  State  of  Oregon,  to  the  cause  of  Indian 
humanity  and  to  God.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
trustees  of  the  Willamette  University,  and  has 
given  to  it  much  pecuniary  aid.  He  has  been 
elected  a  lifehonor.iry  president  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  and  for  twenty-five  years  ha>=  oc- 
cupied that  ])iisition.  He  iias  been  the  owner 
of  eonsiderabh:  valuable  land  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  near  Salem,  and  has   also  hiid  valuable 


city  property  in  Portland,  having  bnilt  several 
business  blocks,  and  at  one  time  lost  $40,000  by 
signing  notes  and  bonds  with   people  whom  ho 
desired  to  help.      He  has  given  liberally  of  his 
means  for  the  advancement  of  the  cause  nearest 
his  heart,  and  still  has  enough  left  to  keep  him 
comfortably  in   his  ripe  old  age.     Ho  had  the 
honor  of  being  invited   to  drive  the  first  spike 
in  the  Oregon  &  (lalifornia    railroad,   in  Port- 
land, at  which,  with  others,  he  nnide  a  speech. 
With  a  broad-ax,  which  he  still  owns,  lie  drove 
in  1889,  the  first  spike  in  the  first  street  railroad 
in    the    city    of    Salem.     This    broad-ax    was 
brought  to  Oregon  in  1833,  and  did  all  the  early 
work  for  the  missions  requiring  the  use  of  siicii 
an  article,  including  all    the    hewing    for    the 
mission    farm   below    Salem.     It  was  taken   in 
184»    to  Clatsop,  and  did  all  the  hewing  on  the 
mission  there,  and    was  lost  in  the    Willainette 
river  while  being  taken  there,  but  was  recovered 
after   lying    in   the  I'iver    bottom    for  about   a 
month.   It  is  now  in  the  museum  of  the  Willam- 
ette University,   having   been  prefented  to  that 
institution  by  Mr.  Parrish,  in  1892.  For  seven- 
teen years,  witliout  money  and  without  price,  he 
has  y)reached  the  gospel  of  repentance    toward 
God  and  faith  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  to  the 
convicts  in  the  State  penitentiary,  and  on  one  of 
his  birthdays,  he   was  presented  by  the  officers 
and  convicts  with  a  gold-headed    cane  in  token 
of  their  regard,  and  in    appreciation  of  the  in- 
terest he  had  taken  in  them.     i.  1888  his  resi- 
dence was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  he  lost  his  cane 
in  it,   but  he    has  since   gotten  another  gold- 
headed  cane,  and   has   purchased   a  good,   new 
residence.      Here    surronnded    by  his    family, 
and    in    the  enjoyment  of  universal    love   and 
veneration,  he  is  gradually  nearing  his  reward. 
May  his  life  be  spared  many  years  is  the  heart- 
felt   wish  of    many  affectionate  friends,  which 
wish   is   echoed    by  whites    and   Indians  alike, 
whose  abodes  dot  the  hills  and    valleys    from 
California  to  Oregon. 

SHANK  M.  MANSFIELI),apioneer  of  Ore- 
gon and  a  most  respected  citizen  of  Uma- 
tilla county,  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Illiimis,  March  13,  1835.  He  was  the  si.vth 
child  in  a  family  of  nine  children  born  to  James 
and  Elizabeth  (Champion)  Mansfield,  both  of 
Ivenlueky,  who  were  married  in  that  State,  re- 


tmmmmmmimmm 


HisToiiY  OF  o/ifyioy-. 


m 


moved  to  Iiuliaiin,  ami  in  1883  to  Illinois.  0\\v 
subject  grew  up  as  a  fanner  boy,  and  wben  his 
father  decided  to  go  to  Oregon  lie  was  eaj^er  to 
accompany  him.  For  twenty  years  Mr.  Mans- 
field, Sr.,  has  been  one  of  the  leading  men  in 
Knox  county,  where  he  had  been  one  of  its  early 
settlors,  but  in  1853  he  decided  to  cross  the 
plains  and  again  try  pioneer  life  in  a  new  coun- 
try, therefore,  supplying  themselves  with  plenty 
of  horses  and  oxen,  they  started  out  and  in  the 
fall  of  1852  reached  the  Willamette  valley  in 
Oregon.  They  were  six  months  on  the  road, 
but  had  no  trouble  with  Indians  and  encountered 
those  hardships  which  were  the  natural  result  of 
a  journey  of  tliat  length  througli  the  wilderness. 
Mr.  Mansfield  took  up  320  acres  of  land  in  Lane 
county,  which  he  improved  and  made  into  a 
comfortable  home,  l)ut  his  death  occurred  No- 
vember 20.  1862,  when  he  was  sixty-Hve  years 
of  age.  Ilis  wife  survived  him  until  May  20, 
1884,  when  she  passed  away  at  the  good  old  age 
of  eighty-eight. 

Our  subject  attended  the  district  schools  of 
Illinois  before  he  started  for  the  West,  at  which 
time  he  was  eij^hteen  years  old.  After  reaching 
his  new  home  he  entered  the  mines  and  worked 
in  Idaho  and  Oregon,  and  was  very  successful 
in  his  endeavors.  After  some  time  lie  quit 
mining  and  entered  into  the  sawmill  business, 
and  continued  that  for  five  years  in  the  Willam- 
ette valley  and  sold  it  to  buy  a  ferry  boat,  which 
ho  conducted  at  the  crossing  of  the  Willam- 
ette river  at  Ilarrisburg,  and  had  a  line  of 
drays  to  couiiect  with  it  and  run  into  the  town. 
This  employment  he  continued  until  1873,  when 
he  moved  to  Umatilla  county  and  located  on  160 
acres  of  fine  land  three  miles  east  of  Athena. 
This  place  ho  has  improved,  and  now  has  one  of 
the  most  desirable  homes  in  the  county.  He 
was  always  industrious,  and  being  a  man  of  in- 
telligence has  known  how  to  profitably  improve 
his  place  and  now  can  well  be  proud  of  the  re- 
sult. When  he  built  his  fine  residence  he 
thought  of  the  future  and  set  out  rows  of  trees, 
so  that  the  three  acres  which  he  devoted  to  his 
home  place  should  be  beautiful,  and  now  his 
grove  is  a  thing  of  beauty,  some  of  the 'trees 
measuring  two  feet  in  diameter.  He  has  added 
to  his  original  purchase  and  now  has  320  acres 
of  land  under  cultivation,  and  he  and  hit  only 
eon  manage  it  all. 

Our  subject  was  married  December  25,  1866, 
to  Miss  Nanny  E.  Purdy,  a  native  of  Illinois, 
who  came  to  Oregon   in  1865,  and  they  spent 

•4 


many  years  of  hap|)ini'So  tngctther,  but  January 
29,  1886,  she  was  called  away  from  life,  leaving 
desolate  her  husband  and  one  child.  The  latter, 
iJavid  11.,  is  living  now  with  a  family  of  his 
own  near  his  father.  Our  subject  was  married 
a  second  lime  September  25,  1887,  to  Mrs. 
].,izzie  White,  born  in  Boone  county,  ilissouri, 
June  30,  1846,  a  daughter  of  Mathew  and 
Sarah  (llicks)  Fountain,  the  former  a  native  of 
Kentucky  and  the  latter  of  Missouri.  Mrs. 
Mansfield  was  married  to  her  first  husband,  Mr. 
Peregrine  White,  in  1862.  He  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts  and  died  in  1882  at  the  age  of 
forty-nine  years,  the  only  child  of  the  marriage 
dying  in  infancy.  Mrs.  .Mansfield  is  a  lady  of 
many  accompMshments  and  of  great  refinement 
and  manages  her  home  with  taste  and  ease. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rogue  river  Indians 
our  subject  volunteered  and  assisted  in  the  put- 
tini,'  down  of  the  bands  of  savages  and  took 
part  in  some  severe  battles,  lla  is  a  self-made 
man  and  one  much  respected  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. Politically  he  is  a  supporter  of  Demo- 
cratic principles  and  well  known  all  over  the 
county. 

G.  HOVEY.— That  the  pioneers  of  Ore- 
gon  were  a  sturdy,  intrepid  and  sel"- 
'*  reliant  class  of  men,  no  one  who  shall 
study  their  character  and  history  will  ever  dis- 
pute. There  is  scarcely  a  citizen  of  Oregon 
who  has  not  known  or  heard  of  Hon.  A.  G. 
Ilovey.  Ever  since  his  settlement  he  has  borne 
an  active  part  in  the  ))ublic  interests  of  the 
Territory  and  State.  His  aggressive,  pushing 
disposition  indicate  the  stern  qualities  of  cour- 
age aiul  purpose  which  form  the  basis  of  his 
character,  moral  and  mental,  and  displace  the 
more  ephemeral  (qualities  of  a  purely  senti- 
mental hopefulness  or  ambition.  He  is  an  ex- 
emplar of  the  adage  that  "God  helps  those  who 
help  themselves,"  and  his  whole  life  has  bristled 
with  instances  indicative  of  such  belief.  lie 
was  born  in  the  country  town  of  Londonderry, 
New  Hampshire,  forty  miles  from  Hoston,  July 
11,  1830,  a  scion  from  honored  ancestry  in  the 
history  of  New  England.  The  American  branch 
of  his  name  originated  with  three  brothers  who 
came  from  England  soon  after  the  Revolution- 
ary war,  and  settled  each  in  one  of  the  States  of 
Vermont,  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut.    Cap- 


5« 


HISTORY    OF    ORKOON. 


tain  tloliii  Ilovey,  tlie  liitlier  of  oiir  Bubject, 
was  born  in  MassHC'luisetts.  Not  possessing  tiie 
sortlid  riclies  of  life,  liis  ciiief  inlu'ritaiice  was 
a  iiiiml  ijiiii'k  to  observe,  rapid  to  coinjireiiend, 
and  concise  in  expression.  With  a  limited  edu- 
cation lie  was  put  to  the  carpenters'  trade,  in 
whieli  he  became  proficient  and  a  master  i)Hilder. 
His  inlhience  as  a  citizei"  was  proverbial  in  tlie 
comninnitiea  where  he  V.ed.  lie  died  in  1S51, 
ajj;ed  sixty-tive  years.  He  married  Miss  Abigail 
Ihiston,  of  Manchester,  New  Hampshire,  a  de- 
Ecendnnt  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Duston,  whose  hus- 
band and  infant  were  murdered  and  she  taken 
captive,  but  with  one  otiier  prisoner  escaped  at 
nifilit,  after  scalpinjj;  several  of  the  Indians  with 
their  own  tomaliawks,  and  returned  with  their 
scalps  as  trophies  to  the  settlement.  She  was  a 
true  type  of  Puritan  womanhood,  robust,  in- 
trepid, yet  gentle  iind  kind.  Mrs.  Abigail 
llovey,  the  mother  of  our  subject,  was  a  woman 
privileged  with  a  higher  education,  possessing 
elements  of  culture  and  refinement,  which  made 
her  noted  for  her  general  intelligence  and  in- 
Huencu.  She  difc<l  in  1883,  aged  nearly  ninety 
years. 

A.  G.  Ilovey  was  one  of  eight  children,  six 
sons  and  two  daughters,  tlie  latter  being  the 
eldest  and  youngest.  When  quite  a  lad  his 
parents  removed  to  the  historic  town  of  Mari- 
etta, Ohio,  where  he  was  educated  in  its  .ichools. 
At  his  earliest  manhood,  in  1849,  we  find  him 
u  member  of  a  company  of  twenty  men,  crossing 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  the  gold  mines  of 
California.  Leaving  St.  .Joseph,  Missouri,  in 
April,  four  of  their  number  died  of  cholera, 
which  raged  among  the  large  emigration  during 
the  first  half  of  their  journey.  Their  route  was 
taken  by  the  North  Platte,  South  Pass,  Hear 
river,  Sublett's  cut-off,  Humboldt  and  Carson 
valleys,  to  Sacramento  city,  California,  where 
the  renniining  sixteen  arrived  in  ()ctol)er. 
Fitting  there  for  the  mines,  they  located  at 
iihoades'  bar,  C'nyunue  river,  during  the  fall, 
but  the  company  spent  the  winter  in  the 
diggings  at  Long's  Hollow,  in  the  Woaver  dis- 
trict, .^fter  a  year,  not  being  one  of  the  luck- 
iest, and  having  a  taste  for  an  agricultural  com- 
munity, rather  than  a  mining  one,  and  induced 
by  the  passage  by  Congress  of  the  «)regon  dona- 
tion land  law,  secured  by  Oregon's  delegate, 
S.  li.  Thurston,  he  embarked  at  San  '"r.-icisco 
by  steamer,  and  arrived  at  Portland,  Oresron.  in 
October,  1850,  passing  u[)  the  Willamette  val- 
ley,  slopping  at  Oregon   City,  Salem,  Albany 


and     IJrownsville,    located     at    Corvallis   (then 
Marysville),  and    taught   its  first  school,  com- 
mencing in  December.     The  families  of   Dick- 
son, Stewart,  Avery,  Stout,  Alexander,  Baker, 
Knotts,  Trapp,  Mulkey  and    Newton  tarnished 
his    pupils  at  that  early  day,  many  of   whom 
still    live  and    have    held    honorable    positions 
in  the  communities  of   the  State.     Mr.  Ilovey 
points  with  some  pride  to  this  early  service  in 
lii«  career.     His  first   labor   was  performetl  for 
Hon.  Wayman  St.  Clair,  then  jtioneer  merchant. 
Early  in  1851   ho  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  for  Iknton  county, 
by  O.  C.  Pratt,  then  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Territory,  and   later  was  elected    by  the  people 
the  first  Clerk  of  that  county.     While  serving 
in   these  courts,  Mr.  Ilovey   read    law,  and   in 
1853  was  admitted  to  practice  by  Hon.  George 
II.  Williams,  then  United  States  District  Judge, 
and  later  was  admitted  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State,  but  never  practically  entered  the  pro- 
fession, preferring  business  pursuits,  in  which 
he  has  always  been  a  busy  man.      In  1853  Mr. 
Ilovey  married  Miss  Mary  Ellen  Mulkey,  eldest 
daughter  of    Hon.    Luke    Mulkey,   pioneer   of 
Benton  county.    She  died  in  1861,  aged  twenty- 
five  years.     In    1853  Mr.  Ilovey  declined  tlie 
county  offices  which  he  had  held,  and  located 
u|)on    his  donation  claim,  near  Corvallis,  where 
he   became  a    practical    and   successful  farmer 
until   1861.      Politically,  Mr.   Hovey's  feelings 
and  sentiments  placed  him  in  line  with  the  Ke- 
publiean    party;    was  among    the  earliest   who 
assisted  in  its  organization  in  Oregon,  and  at  its 
first  State  Convention  was  chosen  one  of  three 
delegates  to  the    Uepublican   National  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago  in  1860,  and  instructed  for  Mr. 
Seward.     Neither  Mr.  Ilovey,   Mr.  Holmes  or 
Dr.  Warren  being  al)le  to  attend,  their  proxies 
were  sent  to  Horace  Greeley,  of  New  York,  with- 
out instructions,  who  cast  their  votes  for  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  thereby  securing  his  first  nomina- 
tion.     In   1884   Mr.   Ilovey  was   again   chosen 
one  of  six  delegates  to  the  National    Republi- 
can Convention  at  Chicago,  and   heartily  sup- 
ported James  G.  Blaine  and  John   A.  Logan  in 
their  nomination  and  candidacy.     In  1802   Mr. 
Ilovey  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving 
three  sessions,  until  1866.    In  1864  he  married 
Miss    Emily    Humphrey,    eldest    daughter   of 
Hon.  George  Humphrey,  of  Lane  coilnty.    They 
have  one  daughter,  (!arrie  May,  and  two  sons, 
A.  G.,  Jr.,  and  Blaine.    In  1866  Mr.  Ilovey  re- 
moved to  Portland,  remaining  one  year,  and  in 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


543 


18G7  removed  to  Springfield,  Lane  count}',  en- 
gaginir  in  inilling  and  niercliandising  until 
1879,  when  he  took  a  residence  at  Kngene,  and 
in  1881  was  one  of  the  proprietors  who  estab- 
lished the  Lane  County  Hank,  firm  of  Ilovey, 
Humphrey  &  Co.,  and  continues  its  president. 
He  has  long  been  a  member  of  the  L  ().  C).  F., 
and  has  held  the  highest  positions  of  the  order 
in  the  jurisdiction  of  the  State.  Mr.  Hovey 
has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  material 
enterprises  of  liis  community,  tendering  his  en- 
couragement and  aid,  and  at  this  time  (1892)  is 
bearing  a  leading  part  toward  the  building  of 
the  railroad  from  Lugene  to  tlie  Sinslaw  coast. 
Continuing  an  earnest  devotion  to  the  educa- 
tional, moral  and  political  interests  of  the  peo- 
ple, he  has  frequently  accepted  positions  in 
their  behalf,  but  (juite  often  declined  them. 
Against  his  wishes  he  was  chosen,  by  a  large 
majority,  Mayor  of  Eugene,  but  in  1891  he  de- 
clined to  serve  longer. 

In  1892  Mr.  Ilovey  was  appointed  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Republican  Convention  at  Min- 
neapolis, and  also  appointed  by  President  Har- 
rison a  member  of  the  Hoard  of  Visitors  to  the 
annual  examinations  at  the  United  States  Mili- 
tary Academy  at  West  Point,  New  York,  and 
attended  there  on  the  Ist,  and  at  Minneapolis 
on  the  7th  of  June,  1892. 

A  man  of  strong  convictions  and  honest 
opinions,  positive  in  his  nature  and  integrity,  it 
is  readily  determined  where  ho  stands,  and  is 
justly  held  among  the  intelligent,  useful  and 
truest  type  of  Oregon's  loading  men. 


-e;^' 


r»] 


®tr#^^^'-**- 


^ONOUABLE  WILLIAM  N.  BARRETT, 

a  distinguished  native  son  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  was  born  there  on  Novem- 
ber 24,  1855.  His  father,  William  R.  Barrett, 
was  born  in  the  State  of  Ohio  on  April  30, 1831. 
Grandfather  Nathan  T.  Barrett  was  also  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio,  where  he  was  born  on  November 
14,  1806,  and  great-grandfather  Barrett  was 
born  in  Virginia,  but  moved  to  Ohio  early  in 
the  '-"istory  of  the  State.  Their  ancestors  were 
English,  and  their  great-grandfather  was  a 
Quaker.  They  were  farmers  and  mechanicj. 
The  grandfather  was  a  saddler,  which  business 
he  carried  on  in  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  was  a 
good    and    industrious  man,  and    lived  to   be 


eighty  seven  years  of  age.  They  are  a  family 
of  longevity,  all  havitig  attained  to  a  good  old 
age?  On  the  maternal  side,  they  were  of  French 
and  German  ancestry,  and  later,  there  (rame  into 
the  family  a  strain  of  Irish  ancestry,  so  that 
they  are  a  combination  of  four  nationalities, 
while  their  residence  in  Anieri(^a  for  five  or  six 
generations,  substantiates  their  claim  to  bo 
Americans.  In  1854  Mr.  Barrett's  father  came 
to  Oregon,  locating  in  Washington  county  on  a 
donation  claim.  lie  had  married  Eliza  J.  Pur- 
din,  a  native. of  Missouri,  a  daughter  of  Ira  E. 
Purdin,  Sr.  He  was  a  native  of  Ohio  and  his 
wife  was  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Purdin  settled  in  Missouri,  coming  to  Oregon 
in  1854,  locating  in  Washington  county,  where 
they  were  well  ami  favorably  known.  Mr.  Pur- 
din died  here  in  1891.  Mr.  Barrett's  parents 
t)egan  life  in  Washington  county  in  a  log  cabin, 
and  in  the  following  year  their  first-born  son 
came  to  bless  their  new  homo.  They  named 
him  for  his  grandfather  and  father,  William 
Nathan.  .He  is  in  more  ways  than  one  a  good 
specimen  of  the  productive  powers  of  his  native 
State,  weighing  275  pounds  avoirdupois,  and  be- 
ing of  acknowledged  mental  ability.  They  raised 
seven  other  children  to  maturity,  all  being  rep- 
resentative sons  and  daughters  of  Oregon.  Mr. 
Barrett's  fiither  worked  at  carpentry  for  many 
years.  He  served  for  a  time  in  the  Yakima 
Indian  war,  and  for  a  year  and  a  half  was  in  the 
mines  in  Idaho,  since  when  he  has  been  exclu- 
sively engaged  in  agriculture.  He  is  widely 
known  as  an  honest,  industrious  citizen.  His 
good  wife  is  still  spared  to  him,  and  in  each 
others  society  they  peacefully  walk  in  the  eve- 
ning of  a  well-spent  life. 

Tlie  subject  of  our  sketch  was  raiseil  on  the 
farm,  and  attended  the  public  schools,  entering 
at  the  age  of  nineteen  years  the  Academy  at 
Forest  Grove.  He  graduated  in  1879  from  the 
Pacific  University  in  the  academic  and  collegi- 
ate courses.  He  was  for  ten  years  engaged  in 
teaching  school  in  his  own  and  adjoining  coun- 
ties, and  in  1882,  was  nominated  by  the  Repub- 
lican party  as  their  candidate  for  the  State 
Legislature.  He  was  elected,  creditably  serv- 
ing the  interests  of  his  constituents.  In  1882 
he  began  to  read  law  with  the  lion.  T.  H. 
Tongue,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1884.  He 
began  his  practice  in  Ilillsboro,  in  partnership 
with  the  Hon.  W.  D.  Hare,  continuing  in  this 
relationship  for  three  years,  when  they  dis- 
solved, since  which  time  he  has  practiced  alone, 


I 


541 


niaroRT  of  oiiegon. 


liiH  biisiiiu8s  luMiifT  lucrative  aiirl  liis  ability  uh  a 
lawyer  being  iin.surpiihsed.  For  seven  years  lie 
was  Deputy  District  Attorney  of  Wiisliini^ton 
county,  and  in  1S!M)  was  a  second  time  elected 
to  the  State  Leffislature,  and  in  lSi)2was  elected 
for  District  Attorney,  the  district  coni|)rising 
Clackamas,  Washington,  Columbia,  i  iid  Clat- 
sop counties,  lie  has  tilled  the  office  of  City 
Recorder  for  seven  years,  lie  has  taken  an  ac- 
tive part  in  everything  tendinif  to  advance  the 
interests  of  his  county  or  State,  lie  is  an  efficient 
otlicial  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  member  for  years,  lie  be- 
longs to  the  Tualatin  Lodge,  A.  V.  ife  A.  M.,be- 
inj;  Past  Master  of  his  lodjre.  Jle  has  always 
been  an  active  Republican,  and  is  well-known 
throughout  the  State,  and  highly  esteemed  for 
bis  many  excellent  (jualitic;   of  mind  and  heart. 

lie  was  married  in  1882  to  Miss  Lucretia 
Parrisli,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren: Ira  E.  and  William  Nathan,  Jr. 

Of  superior  intellect\ial  powers,  pronounced 
legal  acumen,  and  sterling  qualities  of  heart,  it 
is  not  surprising  that  he  should  have  achieved 
success.  These  qualities  alone  would  create  a 
prosperous  career  by  whomsoever  possessed. 


D.  U  O  G  K  F  E  L  LO  W,  Armorer  for  the 
First  Regiment,  Orego"  National  Guards 
^<»  at  Portland,  is  a  native  of  Bucks  county, 
Pennsylvania,  born  April  8,  1845.  His  ances- 
tors were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Clinton, 
New  Jersey,  wliile  his  father.  Ten  ins  Rockfel- 
low,  emigrated  to  Millersville,  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania;  there  lie  followed  the  life  of  a 
farmer,  and  also  represented  his  county  as  Tax 
Collector  for  many  years.  He  was  married  to 
Martha  Degg,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
family  afterward  removed  to  Parkersburg,  where 
they  still  reside,  the  father  at  the  age  of  ninety- 
two  years,  and  the  mother  aged  eighty  years. 
They  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  nine  of 
whom  are  now  living.  Their  early  years  were 
spent  in  honest,  energetic  toil,  and  believing 
that  experience  in  a  life  of  industry  was  the 
best  educator,  our  subject  was  reared  to  the  oc- 
cupation of  his  father,  receiving  his  mental 
training  only  as  he  made  his  opportunity.  He 
was  a  mere  lad  in  years,  though  a  man  in  stature 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  and  was 
the  first  to  enlist  in  the  service  of  the  (Toveru- 


ment;  he  left  his  horses  standing  in  the  field, 
and  walked  to  Lancaster,  five  miles  away,  to  join 
Company  II,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-second 
Regiment  for  a  nine  months'  term  of  service; 
he  was  sent  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
from  the  second  Riill  Run  to  the  lerniination  of 
the  war,  was  on  active  duty.  At  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  enlistment  he  rejoined  fo  \ie- 
riod  of  three  years,  and  was  assigned  t.  jm- 
pany  J?,  First  Fenn  Reserves.  He  w  ,  ;lien 
granted  a  furlough  of  ten  (lays,-wliicli  time  he 
spent  at  home;  he  then  returned  to  his  regiment 
and  was  transferred  to  the  One  Hundred  and 
Ninetieth  Veteran  Volunteers,  known  as  the 
••  Buck-tail  Regiment;  "  being  composed  of  the 
re-enlisted  men  from  all  the  Pennsylvania 
regiments.  He  served  to  the  close  of  tlio  war, 
and  participated  in  the  grand  review  at  Wash- 
ington, after  which  he  was  honorably  discharged. 
He  and  his  three  brothers  passed  through  all 
the  battles  and  skirmishes  without  receiving 
serious  wounds.  After  his  return  home  he  re- 
cruited a  company  of  110  men,  known  as  the 
Lancaster  Fcncibles,  and  was  appointed  Captain 
by  (iovernor  John  W.  Geary. 

Upon  taking  up  the  duties  of  life  as  a  private 
citizen,  Mr.  Rockfellow  embarked  in  the  gro- 
cery trade  at  Lancaster,  which  he  followed  five 
years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  went  to  At- 
lanta, Georgia,  and  operated  a  small  cotton 
plantation  near  that  city,  at  the  same  time  en- 
gaging in  newspaper  work;  he  founded  the  At- 
lanta Tribune,  and  during  the  time  served  as 
Deputy  United  States  Marshal.  In  1878  he  re- 
moved to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
having  been  appointed  special  oHicer  in  the 
I'ureau  of  Engraving  &  Printing;  he  held  this 
position  two  years,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time 
resigned  to  join  a  Government  exploring  com- 
pany to  Alaska.  After  his  arrival  on  the  Pacific 
coast  the  expedition  was  postponed,  and  he  was 
assigned  to  (Jompany  K,  First  United  States 
Cavalry,  stationed  at  Walla  Walla  and  Fort  Kla- 
math. At  the  end  of  two  years  he  was  discharged 
by  special  order  from  the  Secretary  of  War.  Ho 
then  came  to  Portland  and  was  purser  on  the 
Willamette  river  steamboats  and  was  in  the  of- 
fices of  the  Union  &  Northern  Pacific  railroads 
until  March,  1891,  at  which  time  he  was  ap- 
pointed Armorer  ~f  the  First  liegiment  Armory, 
Oregon  National  Guards;  this  position  he  re- 
signed March  1,  1892.  June  14,  1890,  he  en- 
listed in  Battery  A,  Oregon  National  Guards, 
and  was  appointed  First  Sergeant,  which  office 


nrsTonr  of  ohroon. 


MS 


lie  lieltl  until  June  li,  181)1;  ho  was  tlieii  traii:i- 
ferred  l)y  order  of  (Tovernor  I'eiitioyer  to  tlio 
lion  coiiimigsioned  staff  of  Coloiml  ().  V.  I'eelio, 
as  Sergeant  of  the  Si;;nal  Corps,  whiuh  otHi-e  he 
8iil)ge(iuently  resiirnod.  He  was  appointed  on 
the  iirigade  staff  l)y  Hrigadier-Cieneral  II.  I!. 
Coinpron,  First  Lieutenant  and  Aid-deCainp 
Aetinf?  Sij,'nal  Otticer  .Inly  30,  1892. 


''"^tS.  "S 


fLAUIv  WALTER,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Oregon,  was  born  in  St.  Joseph  county, 
Indiana,  April  7,  1841.  a  son  of  Lncuns 
Walter,  a  imtive  of  New  York,  and  there  he 
married  Miss  Adeline  Fellows,  a  native  of  the 
game  State.  In  1886  he  removed  to  Mic.lii}ran 
and  tried  pioneer  life  there,  and  later  moved  to 
Indiana,  when  that  part  of  the  State  in  which 
he  settled  was  bnt  little  more  than  a  wilder- 
ness. Hy  occupation  he  was  a  farmer  and  fol- 
lowed that  business  all  of  his  life.  He  was  the 
father  of  three  sons  and  four  danghters,  .".nd  our 
subject  was  the  third  child  and  the  only  one  of 
the  family  now  living.  The  father  died  in  1887 
at  the  aire  of  seventy  years,  and  the  mother  in 
1852  at  tlie  age  of  tliirty-six. 

Our  subject  was  one  of  the  first  men  to  re- 
spond to  the  call  of  men  for  the  three  months' 
service  in  the  late  war,  entering  the  Sixth  Mich- 
ifjan  Infantry,  which  was  made  afterward  into 
heavy  artillery,  but  be  found  that  his  health  was 
not  equal  to  the  exposure  of  a  soldier's  life  and 
after  one  year  and  two  and  a  iialf  months  of  service 
ho  was  honorably  discharged  on  account  of  dis- 
ability. He  had  taken  part  in  the  l)attle  of 
Baton  Uouge,  bnt  that  was  the  only  battle.  He 
was  in  a  nnml)er  of  skirmishes,  however,  where 
the  exposure  and  danger  was  quite  as  great  as 
in  a  pitched  battle. 

In  1864  onr  subject  was  engaged  to  take  a 
band  of  horses  across  the  plains  to  California 
and  proposed  to  stay  there,  but  after  reaching 
the  Golden  State  he  found  there  was  difficulty 
ill  getting  l>aying  employment,  and  he  returned 
by  water  to  Pennsylvania  after  six  months'  trial 
of  California.  Later  he  went  South  as  far  as 
Knoxville,  Tennessee,  where  lie  remained  in  tlie 
employ  of  the  Government  for  eight  months, 
but  still  later  decided  to  again  try  the  North. 
Iloncehewent  to  Minnesota  and  remained  there 
for  twelve  years  on  a  farm.  In  1877  ho  came 
to  Oregon,  crossing  the  plains  a  second   time, 


and  here  suttit:<l  in  (Jniatillii  county,  where  he 
bought  land  and  lias  remained  ever  since. 

Mr.  Walter  has  eiigaged  in  farming  ever 
since  he  came  to  this  State,  where  ho  owns  400 
acres  of  land  near  Athena,  where  he  raises 
wheat  principally,  but  always  raises  one  field  of 
corn  and  sometimes  makes  twenty-five  bushels 
per  acre,  which  is  the  largest  cornfield  ever 
known  in  Oregon. 

In  18'J0  he  formed  the  Umatilla  County 
Fanners'  Co-operative  Company  at  Helix  and 
was  elected  president  ami  manager  of  it.  He 
has  carried  the  business  on  with  great  success, 
and  the  business  has  been  paying  twelve  per 
cent  net  on  the  capital  invested.  The  com- 
pany was  organized  with  a  capital  stock  of  $50,- 
()00,  and  by  the  careful  nianagcnient  of  Mr. 
Walter  it  has  grown  wonderfully,  doing  a  busi- 
ness the  first  year  of  If  15,000,  in  a  county  where 
there  is  much  competition. 

Mr.  Walter  was  married  March  7,  1864,  to 
Miss  Hannah  15.  Kinzic,  a  native  of  Micliigan, 
and  they  have  had  seven  children  born  to  them, 
as  follows:  Lena  Mahlc,  a  graduate  of  the 
Monmouth  High  School  and  now  one  of  the 
teachers  of  the  public  school  in  Pendleton: 
Charles  A.,  Edith  A.,  John  C,  Frank  H.,  Eva 
and  Gertie,  all  at  home. 

Althongii  our  subject  is  in  most  comfortable 
circninstauces  now  he  has  seen  hard  times  in 
his  life.  He  has  had  mucli  poor  health,  and 
when  he  crossed  the  plains  the  last  time  he  was 
obliged  to  borrow  the  means.  However,  ho  has 
paid  that  all  back.  He  has  fille<l  some  of  the 
most  responsible  positions  in  the  county,  as  for 
six  years  he  was  County  Commissioner.  He  is 
independent  politically  and  a  much  respected 
member  of  the  G.  A.  II.,  having  formed  the 
post  at  Helix,  named  Gettysburg  Post,  No.  33. 


5^0N.  JOHN  T.  APPEUSOX,  Register  of 
1^  the  land  ofHce  at  Oregon  City,  is  a  piofteer 
3(1  of  1847.  He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  on 
the  23d  of  December,  1834.  His  father,  Hev- 
erly  Apperson,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
was  born  in  1803.  The  family  is  of  German 
origin,  the  founder  in  this  country  coming  to 
America  at  a  very  early  date  and  settling  at 
Jamestown.  (Japtain  Apperson's  father  mar- 
ried Miss  Jane  Gilbert  J  ubo,  a  native  of  Tennes- 
see, of  Welsh  ancestry,  that  were  early  settlers 


540 


UI^TOHY    OF    ORKUON. 


on'ennc«Beo.  There  were  born  to  tlieiii  ton  cliil- 
ilri'ti,  of  whom  bt'vcn  iirc  li^iiij^,  nil  in  Oregon. 
Joliii  T.  Apjiersoii,  theisiibject  ot  tliiti  (ikotcli, 
was  the  fifth  ciiilii.  In  hib  uliihlhocjil  tlie  family 
moved  to  Ali^soiiri,  wIrtc  they  retiideii  until  his 
thiitieiith  year,  when  with  a  coni|iany  of 
a  lOU  wagons,  they  Btarteil  upon  the  perilous 
journey  aeroes  the  plains.  Later  in  the  jour- 
ney the  conjpaiiy  divided,  and  at  Ham  Fork  hii* 
lather  died  of  fever,  and  \\\»  mother  was  left 
with  her  nine  hclplebS  little  onee.  That  was  a 
tryiuir  time  when  the  beloved  father  and  hus- 
band wa.s  buried,  the  survivors  eould  not  renniin 
by  that  lone  grave,  and  like  the  ehildren  of  Is- 
rael they  moved  forward  toward  the  hind  of 
proniisi',  and  without  further  misfortune,  they 
arrived  safely  in  ()rej;on  C^ity,  where  a  eousin 
and  son-in-law  had  preceded  them.  They  spent 
their  first  winter  in  Oregon,  east  of  Portland, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Sandy,  where  they 
wintered  the  stock  they  had  brought  with  tiieni. 
The  mother  took  up  a  claim  but  abandoned  it. 
Their  eousin  was  a  tanner,  and  he  purchased  the 
Luwnsdale  tannery,  and  they  moved  there  in  tiie 
spring  of  1848,  and  the  mother  and  nine  chil- 
dren Worked  in  the  tannery  to  earn  a  subsist- 
ence. In  the  spring  of  1841),  the  gold  excite- 
ment in  California  was  at  its  height.  The 
family  moved  into  I'ortland,  and  the  Captain 
with  others  went  to  California  and  mined  on 
tlie  Vul)a  river,  aud  in  Nevada,  and  on  the 
Deer  creek.  They  met  with  reasonable  success 
until  he  was  taken  sick  and  was  obliged  to  leave 
the  mines.  lie  went  to  Stockton,  in  San  Joa- 
i[uin  county,  and  was  engage<l  in  driving  stock 
for  two  years.  Then  he  returned  to  ()regon, 
and  was  for  three  years  in  the  employ  of  the 
Milling  and  Transportation  Company  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river  with  the  firm  of  Aber- 
natliy,  I'endleton  &  Co.  After  that  he  en- 
gaged in  steamboating  on  the  Willamette  river. 
Ills  first  boat  was  the  liival,  of  which  he  was 
master,  and  made  ti'ips  between  (Oregon  City 
and  Portland.  After  running  a  season,  he  went 
to  the  npper  river  and  ran  between  Oregon  City 
and  J)ayton,  carrying  freight  and  passengers, 
lie  became  part  owner  of  the  boats  Clinto  and 
Union,  and  continued  on  the  river  until  the  fall 
of  1861,  when  he  sold  his  boats  and  enlisted  in 
the  First  Oregon  Cavalry.  lie  went  as  a  pri- 
vate, but  was  soon  afterward  made  First-Lieu- 
tenant. It  was  the  intention  of  the  regiment 
to  join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  but  the  Gov- 
ernment deemed  them  of  greater  value  on  the 


frontier,  and  they  wore  sent  to  serve  in  eastern 
Oregon,  eastern  Washington  Territory,  and  in 
Idaho.  The  men  of  the  regiment  furnished 
their  own  horses,  and  equipments,  and  the  regi- 
ment was  one  of  the  best  in  the  army.  It  was 
needed  to  keej)  the  Indians  in  check,  to  protect 
the  settlers,  and  to  look  after  rebellion  at  home. 
It  saw  considerable  service  that  was  active 
among  the  Indians,  and  renniined  in  the  service 
until  the  close  of  tlie  war,  being  n)ustered  out 
on  the  5th  of  April,  1805. 

The  Captain  then  returned  to  his  old  occupa- 
tion of  steamboating  for  five  years,  when  in 
1870,  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  creditably  represented  his  county  tor  two 
years.  In  1874  no  was  elected  Sheriff  of  the 
county,  and  in  1870  was  re-elected  serving  four 
years.  In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Semite,  and  served  there  the  term  of  four  years, 
taking  an  active  part  in  the  legislation.  In 
1881  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  (the  Ilo- 
publican)  to  succeed  himself  and  after  nniking 
an  earnest  campaign  was  defeated  by  fifty  votes. 
Iti  1884  he  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  Repub- 
lican National  Convention  held  in  Chicago,  and 
aided  in  the  nomination  of  James  G.  lilaine. 
He  also  served  for  four  years  as  a  member  of 
the  liepublican  National  Committee.  In  1888 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and 
served  his  two  years.  The  next  year  he  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  Ilegister  of  the  land  otHce, 
in  which  position  he  still  is.  Captain  Apper- 
son  is  an  active  and  worthy  member  of  tlie  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  having  passed  the  chairs  in  both 
branches  of  the  orcier.  He  has  been  Grand 
Uepresentative  of  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge 
of  tlie  United  States  held  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
in  1882,  representing  the  Encampment  branch 
of  the  order.  He  was  made  a  Mason  in  Mult- 
nomah Lodge,  No.  1,  (the  ohlest  one  on  the 
Pacific  coast)  in  1858,  of  this  lodge  he  is  Past 
Master. 

In  1802  he  was  married  to  Mies  Mary  A. 
Elliott,  native  of  Missouri,  and  th'j  daughter  of 
AVilliam  Elliott,  a  pioneer  of  1840,  who  now 
(1892)  resides  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Apper- 
son.  Iler  mother  was  Miss  Nancy  Sconse 
prior  to  her  marriage,  and  she  was  a  niece  of 
Alexander  Hamilton  of  national  fame. 

Captain  Apperson  is  a  man  of  more  than 
ordinary  ability,  aud  is  tlioroughly  informed  on 
almost  every  subject,  and  has  a  wide  and  ex- 
tended acquaintance.  In  Oregon  City,  which 
is  his  home,  he  has  taken  a  deep  interest,  also 


uisrour  oy  oitmoN. 


Off 


ill  tlie  improvomont  and  ilovolopinont  of  the 
county,  lieiiif^  osneciiilly  inturested  in  trannport- 
atiun  and  inanuracturini;.  llo  has  for  a  lon^ 
time  iieeii  eni^aged  in  tlio  bruoding  of  fine  cat- 
tle and  liorseif.  In  every  public  enterprise  lie 
is  on  iiaiid  to  give  asiiistance,  botii  an  to  aJvico 
and  in  a  more  8ul)Htantial  manner.  Thin  |iub- 
lic-spirit  and  enterprise  have  jjained  iiitn  the 
liigii  esteem  and  <rratitude  of  his  fellow-citizens. 


•-cj^' 


m 


<*- 


fli.  E.  G.  CLARK,  prominent  in  the  den- 
tal profession  of  Portland,  and  po|)uIar  as 
a  citizen  and  man,  was  born  in  CorvalliH, 
Benton  county,  July  9, 1855.  His  father,  David 
Ct.  Clark,  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  crossed 
the  plains  in  1852,  and  was  sntiseqntMitly 
married,  in  Mohawk  valley,  to  Mis.s  Eli/,a- 
beth  Gray,  daughter  of  Samuel  Gray,  an 
esteemed  pioneer  of  1853.  Mr.  l-)avid  Clark 
was  for  twenty-five  years  connected  with 
mercantile  interests  at  Cor'-allis  and  Albany. 
from  which  he  retired  in  1888.  He  then  passed 
two  years  at  Spokane,  Washington,  as  l/eputy 
County  Treasurer,  returning  to  Albany  in  1890, 
where  he  now  resides. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  Willamette  University  at  Salem,  commenc- 
ing January,  in  1878,  the  study  of  dentistry  at 
Albany,  in  the  office  of  Dr.  George  W.  Gray, 
with  whom  he  remained  until  October,  when 
Mr.  Clark  went  to  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  entered  the  dental  college,  at  which 
graduated  in  March,  1880. 

He  then  returned  to  Oregon  and  opened  an 
ottice  in  Portland,  where  he  practiced  success- 
fnlly  for  two  years;  after  which  he  removed  to 
Eugene  City,  where  he  continued  tlie  practice 
of  his  profession  with  the  same  snecess. 

It  was  in  the  latter  pretty  little  city  that  he 
was  happily  married,  in  December,  1884,  to 
Miss  Frances  Swift,  an  intelligent  and  accom- 
plished lady,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a  daughter 
of  Samuel  Swift,  a  widely  and  favorably  known 
pioneer  of  1848. 

In  January  of  the  following  year  he  returned 
with  his  briae  to  Portland,  where  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Dr.  John  Welch  in  the 
practice  of  dentistry,  with  whom  he  continued 
for  four  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  the  firm 
was  dissolved.  His  present  ofiices  are  in  the 
Mulkey  Block,  one  of  the  best  business  build- 


ings in  the  city,  where  he  performs  both  opera- 
tive; and  Mieidiaiiiciil  work.  His  skill  and  ci  ur- 
tesy  have  gained  for  him  a  lucrative  practice 
among  the  more  substantial  residents  rtf  the 
metropolis,  and  he  has  steadily  advanccil  in 
prosperity,  until  he  now  commands  a  comfort- 
able income. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Clark  have  one  child,  Frances 
Dorris,  a  young  Oregonian,  who  liids  fair,  under 
the  care  of  her  excellent  parents,  to  become  a 
credit  to  the  city  and  State. 

He  is  a  prominent  Mason  and  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World.  On  May 
23,  1889,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  a 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Dental  Exam- 
iners, by  which  BoanI  he  was  elected  secretary. 

These  indorsements,  coming  from  such  a 
high  source,  .ire  sutKcient  evidence  of  his  merit, 
and  weigh  :iiore  iti  his  favor  than  all  the  words 
of  eulogy  that  could  be  offered. 

'OHNG.  PILSBUliY,  one  of  Oregon  City's 
representative  (citizens  was  born  in  Bide- 
ford,  Maine,  August  19,  1839.  His  father, 
Samuel  Pilsbury,  was  born  in  Now  buryport, 
Massacl'  t».  in  1812.  They  are  lineal  de- 
scendants of  William  Pilsbury,  who  left  Eng- 
land in  1050,  and  settled  at  Newburyport, 
where  he  made  his  home.  The  house  that  the 
family  bnilt  in  1700  is  still  standing,  and  is 
owned  by  one  of  his  descendants,  and  has  al- 
ways been  occupied  by  some  one  of  the  family. 
The  father  of  our  subject  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Sutherland,  daughter  of  George  Sutherland, 
of  Saco,  Maine.  The  father  of  Mrs.  Pilsbnry 
served  in  the  war  of  1812.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Pilsbnry  had  seven  children,  all  of  whom  are' 
living. 

Our  snbject  was  the  fourth  child  in  this  fam- 
ily, and  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
town  until  he  was  twenty-three  years  of  age. 
Then  it  was  that  President  Lincoln  made  his 
first  call  for  75,000  men,  and  Mr.  Pilsbury  was 
one  of  the  first  to  respond,  enlisting  in  April, 
in  Company  D,  First  Maine  Volunteer  Infantry. 
The  regiment  was  sent  direct  to  Washington, 
to  protect  that  city,  and  remained  here  daring 
Mr.  Pilbury's  term  of  service.  He  was  mus- 
tered out  on  the  3d  of  August,  1861,  and  re- 
tired to  his  home  and  business.  In  1862  he 
came  to  California,  where  he  worked  a  year,  and 


in 


nt STORY  OF  nrtRnas. 


in  tlio  spring;  of  1868  b«  mme  to  Oregon,  nnd 

went  to  tlio  iniiiCK  in  Idiilio.  wIicit  lie  rcnniincd 
tliiTU  KL'iisoiiK,  ini'ntiiij;  with  fiiir  t.ii('<'('i*H  lie 
tlidi  \^>nt  to  Mi'itiitli  ('oiiiiiiliia,  aixl  i'ciniiiiu>(l 
onu  year,  but  <li(i  not  Hiicct^ed  in  tiiis  venture, 
HO  lie  returned  to  ()re;ron  City,  and  en^'aficd  in 
('(intracfiiif;  and  Iniililinj;  until  1S7N,  wiien  lie 
was  eleeteil  Siierill'  of  tlie  countv  of  Claci^afnan, 
and  at  tiie  end  of  Ids  term  he  was  re  fleeted. 
Soon  after  the  elose  of  liii*  term  of  olliee  lio  re- 
ceived tlie  a|i|)oiiitinent  of  Ueeeiver  of  tliH 
jainl  ollice.  and  served  lour  years.  Mr.  it.  V. 
liircii  then  reeeived  the  appointment  and  nnide 
him  his  deputy,  and  he  has  served  live  years 
in  that  capacity. 

In  1^75  Ik;  iinirried  Mrs.  Mari^jaret  S.  I'ost,  a 
daughter  of  Samuel  Miller,  a  |)ioneer  of  ISol, 
who  tool<  a  donation  claim,  two  miles  from 
Orej^on  City,  where  lie  resided  and  rinsed  ins 
family  and  died  in  lfSS4.  Mrs.  I'ilslmry  iiad 
two  (diildren  by  Mr.  I'ost.  Nettie,  who  imn'ried 
A.  .1.  11.  Strickland;  and  M.  II.  nnirried  Ale.xan- 
der  Thomas.  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  I'llsbury  have  two 
children,  Ethel  and  lla/.el,  both  at  home  witli 
their  parents. 

Mr.  I'ilsbury  is  a  member  of  the  .Masoinc 
fraternity,  and  is  Past  Master  of  his  lodi;e. 
Up  is  I'ast  Coininandi'r  of  Meade  I'ost,  No. 
2,  G.  A.  R.,  nnd  is  also  an  active  nunnl)er  of  the 
A.  ().  U.  \V.  He  1ms  invested  in  city  jiroperty, 
lins  several  buildings,  ami  is  a  stockholder  in 
the  Willamette  Kails  Klectric  I-ight  (Company, 
a  valuable  and  im|)ortant  enterjirise. 

Mrs.  I'ilsbury  is  a  iTiomber  of  tlie  Meade 
Helief  Corps,  No.  IS,  and  is  I'ast  Sernor  Vice- 
President  of  that  order.  They  are  highly  re- 
spected by  all  who  know  them. 

i^ICIlAKl)  II.  THORNTON,  lawyer  and 
law  professor,  was  born  at  Lancasliire, 
Engl  uid,  September  f!,  l84o.  He  received 
a  liber.'d  education  in  his  naiive  country,  and 
emigrated  in  rianuary,  IHT'i,  to  Canada,  where 
he  engaijed  in  teaclniijf  at  Hamilton  and  Otta- 
wa, initil  the  fall  of  l.S7,"j.  He  then  visited  the 
United  States,  spending  several  months  in  trav- 
eling. He  linally  settled  in  Washirif^ton,  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  in  187(),  and  entered  the 
Columbia,  and  afterward  the  (ieorgetown.  Law 
School,  from  which  latter  institution  lie  i;radu- 
ated   in   1878,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  \i. 


lie  waH  admitted  to  tliu  liar  in  Pliilndelpliia, 

Pennsylviuiin,  siibseijuently  roinoving  to  Will- 
ianisport,  in  the  same;  .State,  lie  continued  in 
tile  latter  phu^e  until  .lune,  1S8-4,  when,  with  a 
view  of  assisting  in  the  organization  and  found 
ing  of  the  school  of  law  of  the  University  of 
Oregon,  he  removed  to  Portland.  He  was 
elected  dean  of  the  law  school,  and,  by  his  abil- 
ity and  energy,  was  instrumental  in  the  growth 
bikI  prosperity  of  this  institution,  which,  from 
the  small  beginning  of  two  grailiiatcs  in  18SI), 
graduated  a  class  of  nineteen  students  in  18i)2. 
Tiio  course  in  tiie  law  department  covers  two 
years,  and,  under  its  ablc<  corps  of  lecturers,  in- 
cluding Il<m.  Matthew  P.  heady,  Hon.  L.  L. 
McArthiir,  Hon.  C  H.  Helliuger  ami  Mr, 
Thornton,  has  become,  in  this  comparatively 
short  time,  tlui  leading  law  school  in  tin;  Pacific 
Nortiiwest.  In  hours  unoccupied  with  teachintr 
Mr.  Thornton  conducts  a  general  olHco  practice. 

He  was  nmrriei!  in  Philadelphia  in  1877,  to  a 
niece  of  the  late  talented  jurist,  Robert  C.  Grier, 
•liidge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

( )regon  does  not  possess  a  more  enthusiastic 
believer  in  her  marvelous  resources,  a  greater 
admirer  of  her  worth  anil  beauty,  or  a  more 
earnest  champion  of  her  cause  and  assister  in 
her  development,  than  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
who,  both  by  natural  gifts,  years  of  study,  and 
excellent  opportunities  and  training,  is  emi- 
nently fitted  to  lend  his  share  toward  placing 
her  in  the  forem.ist  rank,  educationally,  so- 
cially and   morally,   of  the  glorious  sisterhood. 


lj>»APOLKON  DAVIS,  a  representative  iiiiai- 
^1^"  nes9  man  of  Salem,  and  president  of  the 
First  National  Hank  of  that  city,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Illinois,  having  been  born  in  Hamilton 
county,  of  that  State,  in  1848.  He  is  a  son  of 
Mr.  Alfred  Davis,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and 
of  Scotch  ancestry,  who  served  his  country  in 
the  war  with  Mexico.  In  18.")2  Alfred  Davis 
crossed  the  plains  with  his  family  to  California, 
and  after  seven  years  spent  there,  returned  to 
Illinois,  in  185!t.  Oii  the  lireaking  out  of  the 
late  war  he  tendered  his  services  and  was  given 
a  captain's  commission  by  (iovernor  \  ates;  he 
rendered  his  country  valuable  service  until  the 
close  of  the  great  struggle,  and  until  victory 
had  crowned  the  efforts  of  the  valiant  Union 
Army;  lie  then,  again  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 


iitsroHY  OF  on/cfioff. 


m 


fpin,  with  liiH  wit'i!  Hiiil  niiKi  cliililrun;  tliey  8ut- 
tli!(l  (III  a  now  fiinn,  iiiul,  in  lS(t7,  ixifore  lie  liinl 
liiiit  tiinu  to  Miiiki^  niiu'li  ini|ii°ov(!ini!iit  on  iiitt 
fiirni,  III)  iliud.  luiivin^  liiB  wilu  witli  ii  fiiiniiy  of 
yoiin^  childron  in  ii  Htnin^e  liind. 

Nii|iol('OM  hiivJH,  tli(<ii'  Hocond  (;iiild,  had 
ci'DSHcd  till'  pliiitiH  to  (jalirorniii  witli  tlic  t'liiriily 
in  IH.")3.  tliuii  in  iiin  fonrtii  year.  When  they 
retnrncii  to  tin*  Kiist,    in    IHoit,    lit!   was   clt-vcn 

{iiKM  of  ui;i'.  Ho  romiiined  with  his  niotlier  in 
llinoirt,  HtttMiding  piiMic  bcIiuuIx,  until  his  fa- 
ther cnnie  out  of  tilt)  army,  anti  again  crciSHud 
the  plains  witli  them,  thiH  tinio  to  Oii-gon,  in 
1S(54.  The  joiirni'y  WHi*  a(;('oin|)ii.-.|uMl  with  o\ 
tnaiHB.  A  good  yoke  of  oxen  dr«w  the  carriage 
in  which  the  mother  and  littU*  children  rode: 
IiIh  father  rode  a  horse  and  drove  the  loose 
stock.  Five  yoke  of  oxen  were  hitched  to  a 
largo  wagon,  in  which  were  their  supplies,  nnd 
our  snbject,  then  in  liis  sixteenth  year,  took 
command  of  this  team,  swinging  the  whip  over 
them,  and  making  his  way  from  Illinois  to  Ore- 
gon on  foot.  On  their  journey  one  of  the  oxen 
gave  out  and  a  cow  was  yoked  in  its  place,  the 
cow  being  milked  every  night.  There  were 
ten  wagons  in  their  company,  and  his  father 
had  command  of  the  company  as  captain.  They 
Were  five  months  (m  the  journey  and  arrived 
safely  at  their  destination.  Mr.  Davis  was  in 
his  eighteenth  year  when  he  lost  his  father,  and 
was  left  with  the  care  of  his  mother  and  eight 
children  on  their  new  farm.  They  had  made 
but  a  small  clearing  and  the  widow  and  her 
children  experienced  many  dark  and  trying 
times,  too  harrowing  to  relate.  As  fire  refines 
gold,  so  these  days  of  adversity  were  not  with- 
out their  beneficial  effect  on  this  youth,  so  early 
to  feel  the  load  of  care.  lie  had  been  an  apt 
scholar  at  school,  where  his  time  was  well  em- 
ployed, and  he  instinctively  turned  to  that  of 
which  he  knew  most  as  a  mainstay  in  this  lioiir 
of  trial.  He  secured  a  school,  which  he  taught, 
nnd  between  times  lie  worked  on  their  farm, 
•  thus  enabling  the  family  to  live  until  brighter 
days  should  come.  And  they  did  come,  in  all 
the  brightness  of  sunshine  after  storm. 

In  1IS70  Mr.  Davis  was  married  to  Miss  Al- 
zida  Brazee.  They  had  one  son,  Howard.  Af- 
ter three  years  of  happy  married  life  his  wife 
died,  and  Mr.  Davis  passed  through  the  great 
trial  of  his  life.  In  IWO  he  married  his  pres- 
ent wife,  who  was  Miss  Irene  Clark,  daughter 
of  Rev.  J.  Clark,  a  I'aptist  minister.  In  1878 
Mr.  Davis  rfc>jlved  to  try  for  a  higher  educa- 


tion, with  the  intention  ot  more  coinpleluly  fit- 
ting himself  for  teaching.  Accordingly  he  took 
a  live  yeais"  course  in  the  I'acilic  University, 
from  wlii(di  he  graduated  with  honor  in  IHHii, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  ii.  Thus  far  he  has  siir- 
moiiiitc(l  ('very  didicnitv.  and  in  spite  of  adverse 
circumstances,  had,  by  his  own  efforts,  obiaiiic<l 
an  ciliicatioii.  lii!  taught  school  lor  acciiiplc  of 
years  at  Forest  (irove,  where  his  fame  as  a 
thorough  and  capable  teacher  increased,  and  he 
was  offered,  and  accepted,  the  principalsliip  of 
the  high  school  at  the  Dalles,  and  while  there, 
became  so  popular  as  an  educator  that  he  was 
iiomiiated  by  his  party,  the  Democratic,  for 
State  Siiperinteiii|ent  of  I'liblic  liiBtriiction,  and 
although  t\w  ytate  had  a  strong  Ittipiiblican 
majority,  he  ran  far  ahead  of  his  ticket,  and 
was  only  defeated  by  a  small  majority.  He 
soon  alter  received  the  appoint iiieiit  of  (Jlerk 
of  tile  lioard  of  Commissioners  of  the  State 
School  {.and  Oftice,  and  in  this  capacity 
served  liis  State  most  satisfactorily  for  four 
and  a  half  years.  During  his  term  of  service 
he  sold  1,()(M),00()  acres  of  land,  and  more  timii 
a  million  and  u  half  dollars  of  trust  funds  passed 
through  his  hands,  and  his  success  and  manage- 
ment of  his  otlice  was  such  as  to  evinc(>  that  lie 
was  a  tinuncier  of  the  highest  ability  and  integ- 
rity. In  February,  1891,  he  resigned  this  posi- 
tion to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  First  Na- 
tional Hank  of  Salem.  In  August,  1891,  his 
resignation  was  accepted  and  in  the  follow- 
ing September  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his 
oftice. 

In  his  church  relations  Mr.  Davis  is  a  worthy 
and  efflcient  member  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church  of  Sr.lem.  In  fraternal  societies  he  is  a 
Master  Maeon,  a  Knight  Templar  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Albany  Coiiiinandery.  In  business 
he  has  been  known  throughout  the  State  as  a 
quiet,  unassuniing,  painstaking  man  of  marked 
ability,  and  one  richly  deserving  tiie  success  ho 
has  attained.  1 1  is  hictory  i.i  such  as  should 
stimulate  every  poor  boy  to  like  honorable  effort. 


^^:!i)l-^— 


flTDC4E  II.  S.  STUAIIAN,  a  distinguished 
light  of  the  legal  firmament  of  Oregon, 
having  stood  a  practitioner  of  the  bar  of 
Willamette  valley  for  upward  of  a  (juarter  of  a 
century,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  re- 
sides at  Albany,  Linn  county,  and  is  Chief  Jus- 


.«/. 


^ 


550 


UISTOHY    OF    UllEOON. 


tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  tlmt  State,  a  posi- 
tion which  came  to  him  as  the  reward  of  iioiiest 
merit,  and  liis  honors  are  fully  appreciated  by  a 
people  who  have  long  known  his  distinguisiied 
merits. 

Judge  Straiian  was  born  in  Lawrence  county, 
Kentucky,  Januury  1,  1835.  His  father,  John 
StraliETi,  was  a  native  of  county  Down,  Ireland, 
but  lie  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  the 
year  ISl'i,  settling  at  Heaver,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  learned  and  followed  the  trade  of  a 
shoemaker.  In  1832  he  moved  to  Lawrence 
county,  Kentucky,  where  lie  engaged  in  the 
growing  of  fruit.  Two  years  later  ho  married 
Miss  Selah  Canterbury,  a  native  of  Kentucky. 
In  1841  lie  took  his  family  and  made  his  home 
in  the  Platte  Purchase,  Buchanan  county,  Mis- 
souri. Later  lie  settled  in  Audrain  county, 
where  'le  remained  until  his  death. 

Judge  Strahan  received  his  education  in  the 
coninion  schools  of  Missouri,  with  a  brief 
academic  course  at  Mexico,  Missouri.  He  re- 
mained at  home  until  he  attained  his  majority, 
when  he  went  to  Louisa,  Kentucky,  county  seat 
of  liawrence,  and  began  the  study  of  law,  in  the 
otHce  of  his  uncle  li.  F.  Canterbury,  Esq.  Two 
years  afterward  he  was  admitted  to  practice 
after  having  passed  an  examination  made  by 
Circuit  Judges,  E.  C.  Pbister,  Marysville,  Ken- 
tucky, and  J.  W.  Moore,  of  Mt.  Sterling.  Re- 
turning to  Missouri  he  made  his  homo  at  Milan, 
Sullivan  county,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  lie  was  appointed  Probate 
Judge  in  1800,  and  held  that  position  for  four 
years.  That  region  of  country  became  so  un- 
settled by  reason  of  the  war  that  lie  emigrated 
to  Oregon,  proceeding  to  New  York,  thence 
going  by  way  of  the  Panama  route  to  the  Isth- 
mus, and  so  on  to  the  then  northwest  limit  of 
the  United  States,  settling  at  Corvallis  in  the 
Willamette  valley.  lie  resumed  at  once  his 
practice  of  law. 

In  1808  he  was  elected  District  Attorney, 
serving  for  two  years,  and  in  1870  was  elected 
State  Senator  for  four  years.  In  1870  he  re- 
moved to  Albany,  Linn  county,  continuing  a 
general  practice  in  both  State  and  Federal 
courts.  In  1880  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  in  1890  liecame  Chief  Jus- 
tice by  right  of  succession.  In  general  practice 
the  Judge  has  been  very  succes.sfiil,  both  in 
volun.n  of  business  and  in  the  successful  de- 
fense of  his  clients.  In  criminal  law,  a  remark- 
able feature  of  his  practice  is  that  he  never  lost 


a  client  tried  for  capital  punishment.  On  the 
bench  he  has  made  hosts  of  friends,  through  his 
courteous  and  fair  treatment  of  all  parties  and 
subjects. 

His  opinions  have  commanded  attention 
throughout  the  country,  many  of  them  having 
found  a  place  in  the  "American  State  lieports," 
the  ''Lawyers  Annotated  Reports"  and  in  the 
law  magazines  and  other  journals  throughout 
the  States.  Up  to  his  election  as  judge,  he 
he  had  been  attorney  for  the  Oregon  &  Pacific 
Railroad  from  the  date  of  its  inception,  and  he 
devoted  much  attention  to  railroad  law. 

His  marriage  took  place  at  Milan,  Missouri, 
in  1801,  to  Miss  Saral  II.  Wilson,  a  native  of 
Canton,  Illinois,  and  four  children  have  been 
the  fruit  of  this  happy  union:  Jessie,  who  died 
in  infancy;  Hereford,  Claude  and  Pet. 

The  Judge  is  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge 
and  Chapter  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  and 
also  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  Ho  was  one 
the  organizers  and  is  still  a  director  of  the 
Farmers  and  Merchants'  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  Oregon,  an  organization  widely  known 
throughout  the  State.  He  has  been  one  of  the 
active  promoters  of  all  public  improvements  at 
Albany.  He  has  erected  two  brick  business 
blocks,  besides  residence  property,  and  has  been 
directly  interested  in  every  enterprise  looking 
to  the  benefit  and  development  of  :he  town. 

Judge  Strahan  is  a  wealthy  representation  of 
that  class  known  as  self-made  men,  having 
wrought  out  his  life  by  personal  effort.  He 
has  continued  throughout  his  manhood  a  dili- 
gent and  persistent  student  of  his  chosen  pro- 
fession. He  has  unbounded  faith  in  the  life  of 
any  man,  who  as  a  boy  with  natural  ability 
adopted  a  fixed  line  of  study  or  business  and 
with  perseverance  adheres  to  the  line  of  duty. 
Such  lias  been  his  own  life. 

This  life  of  his  is  the  result  attained  by  him, 
and  the  nobility  and  nprightness  of  it  show  him 
to  be  one  indeed  worthy  of  imitation  by  the 
young  men  of  the  country. 


Ig^ON.  W.  CAREY  JOHNSON  came  to 
|m\  Oregon  in  1S45,  and  is  now  a  prominent 
•t^Si  member  of  the  bar  of  his  State.  He  is  a 
native  of  Old  Town,  Ross  county,  Ohio.  The 
event  of  his  birth  took  place  on  the  27th  of 
Octolier,    1833.       His    father,    Rev.   Hezekiah 


m* 


UISTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


551 


Johnson,  was  born  on  the  eastern  shore  of 
AlHryhmd,  and  his  ^grandfather  was  the  Kev. 
Eliezar  Johiisou,  a  Baptist  minister  in  Mary- 
land. It  is  said  tliat  the  progenitors  of  tlio 
family  remained  loyal  to  the  kinf^  in  the  time 
of  the  Kevohition.  Farther  hack  than  that  ir 
the  history  of  the  family  tliey  are  nimble  to  go. 
Mr.  Johnson's  father  was  sent  by  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  ()rej);on  in 
1845,  to  organize  Baptist  Churches  on  the 
coast.  lie  traveled  all  over  the  Willamette 
valley,  preaching  the  gospel  and  cstablisiiing 
churches,  and  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  184:7, 
started  the  Baptist  Church  at  Oregon  City.  He 
took  a  donation  claim  three  miles  northeast  of 
Oregon  City,  on  which  he  resided  till  the  time 
of  his  death,  and  the  property  is  still  owned  in 
the  family.  He  was  a  man  of  executive  ability, 
a  doctrin;.!  preacher  and  a  strong  Abolitionist, 
having  an  intense  abhorrence  of  every  kind  of 
oppression. 

Ho  lirought  with  hira  across  the  plains  his 
wife  and  seven  children,  of  whom  five  are  still 
living;  one  of  the  daughters,  now  Mrs.  Win- 
ston, resides  at  Damascus,  Scott  county,  Mis- 
sissipoi;  Amy  Johnson,  has  her  home  on  the 
old  hiyme8tead;and  Ilev.  Franklin  Johnson,  D.I)., 
is  prosident  of  the  Ottawa  University,  Kansas; 
U.  JJ.  Johnson  is  County  Clerk  of  Clackamas 
eonnly.       (See  his  history  in  this  book.) 

The  father  died  at  Oregon  City  in  186G. 
His  wife  died  at  the  home  of  her  son,  Vi .  Carey 
Johnson,  tliii  subject  of  this  sketch,  in  1874. 

W.  Care)  Johnson  was  in  his  twelfth  year 
when  he  came  to  this  Territory.  He  was  sent 
to  the  )(nblic  schools  at  Oregon  City,  and  at- 
tended a  liajitist  school  in  that  city.  Later  on 
he  read  lav.  with  the  firm  of  Wait  &  Kelly, 
Mr.  Wait  later  became  Supreme  Court  Judge 
and  Mr.  Kelly  was  made  United  States  Senator. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857, 
and  began  to  practice  his  profession  in  his  own 
town.  He  has  n  most  lucrative  practice  now, 
that  he  has  built  up  by  his  own  efforts. 

He  is  in  politics  a  llepublicHn,  and  in  1858 
was  elected  District  Attorney,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  one  term.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
City  liecorder.  Three  years  later  he  was  elected 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Fourth  Judicial 
District.  1865  and  1860  he  held  the  responsi- 
ble position  of  Special  Attorr  ay,  under  the 
Hon.  Caleb  Cushing,  to  inve'  tigate  and  settle 
the  affairs  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  atid  Puget  Sound 
conapanies.     In    1866   he  was  elected  a  State 


Senator,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  during  that  ses- 
sion rendered  valuable  service  as  chairman  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee.  While  in  the  Sen- 
ate he  had  the  privilege  and  power  to  vote  upon 
the  amendment  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  which  abolished  slavery. 

Mr.  Johnson  has  been  for  years  the  Attorney 
of  the  Williamsville  Transportation  and  Lock 
Company,  and  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Merchant's  National  Bank.  He  is  a  di- 
rector, and  was  for  some  time  its  vice-president. 

On  Christmas  day  in  1868  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Josephine  DeYore,  a  native  of  Illinois, 
and  the  <laughter  of  the  Rev.  John  J.  DeVore, 
a  noted  Methodist  minister,  proniinent  in  the 
early  history  of  the  State.  She  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Willamette  University,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  intelligent  women  in  the  State.  They 
have  had  live  children,  all  born  in  Oregon  City, 
of  whom  four  are  living,  namely:  Bolfe,  Nelo, 
^lerle  and  Ronald.  The  two  eldest  are  at  Stan- 
ford University,  California;  one  is  at  school  at 
Portland,  and  the  youngest  is  at  home. 

ilr.  Johnson  has  built  a  com  modi  us  residence 
on  the  Heights  in  Oregon  City,  commanding  a 
very  tine  view  of  the  beautiful  country  which 
surrounds  it.  In  iiis  grounds  ho  has  retained 
a  few  of  the  tir  trees  of  the  forest  and  notwith- 
standing his  liome  is  in  the  center  of  the  city  it 
is  ii  romantic  and  beautiful  spot,  a  fitting  plp'je 
in  which  to  spend  the  remainder  of  a  good  and 
worthy  life.  Mr.  Johnson  is  a  consistent  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church,  in  wiiich  his  father 
was  so  long  prominent,  and  he  has  for  many 
years  been  its  elerk.  He  has  so  lived  and  con- 
ducted his  business  that  he  enjoys  the  good  will 
and  affection  of  a  very  wide  acquaintance  among 
all  classes  of  people  throughout  the  State. 


HAMILTON  M.  LINES,  one  of  the  highly 
respected  citizens  of  Independence  and  for 
eiglit  years  the  capable  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  the  Fifth  District  of  Polk  county,  ia 
the  subject  of  the  present  writing.  lie  is  a 
nativet)f  the  State  of  Indiana,  born  November 
15,  1836.  He  is  of  English  ancestry,  his  great- 
grandfather, William  Lines,  having  emigrate<l 
from  old  EnglaTid  to  South  Carolina,  where  ho 
reared  a  family  of  nine  children,  and  died  in 
the  ninetieth  year  of  his  age.  His  son,  Aaron 
Lines,  was  born  in  South  Carolina,  served  as  a 


nisfonr  of  orj^oo^. 


soldier  in  tiie  Uevolutioii,  icareil  a  family  of 
eight  cliildren,  and  lived  to  l)e  seventy  years  of 
age.  His  son,  Aaron  Lines,  was  also  born  in 
South  ('arolina,  in  17C9,  niariied  Mary  Uonon, 
H  native  of  North  Carolina,  horn  in  1770.  She 
was  the  dniishter  of  Mr.  Charles  Konon  and 
they  were  I'f  Scotch  ancestry.  They  had  a  fam- 
ily of  twelve  children  and  reared  the  eleven  to 
maturity.  This  Aaron  was  a  farmer,  and  lie 
removed  to  Indiana  when  soine  forty  years  of 
age  and  resided  there  until  he  died  at  the  ripe 
old  age  of  ninety-seven  years,  dying  in  Rush 
county.  He  had  served  his  country  in  the  war 
of  1812  and  lived  the  life  of  an  upright  man. 
His  wife  had  died  in  1838. 

Judge  Lines  was  the  youngest  child  and  was 
reared  and  educated  at  Greencastle  (JoUege,  In- 
diana, i, nd  learned  the  trade  of  cabinetmaker, 
iH'ginnin;^  at  it  when  but  fourteen  years  old. 
He  has  followed  that  trade  for  a  great  portion 
(if  his  life  since.  lie  removed  to  Missouri  in 
1857,  engaging  in  business  in  that  State. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  <  )ctober,  1859,  our 
subject  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Jlar- 
garet  S.  Klliott,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  F'eb- 
ruary  28,  1843.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Will- 
iam Klliott.  who  later  became  Lieutenant  El- 
liott, of  the  Confederate  army  when  the  great 
civil  war  broke  out.  At  that  time  Mr.  Lines 
volunteered,  and  in  January,  18(!1,  he  was  mus- 
tered into  the  Confederate  army,  joining  the 
First  Missouri  (,'avalry,  becoming  Sergeant  of 
his  company  he  served  valiantly  in  inanyaiiard- 
fought  Held.  At  the  battle  of  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing his  regiment  had  captured  A  battery,  but 
the  men  on  leaving  had  tired  some  fuses  ami 
while  the  gallant  boys  were  cheering,  becau.se of 
the  victory,  the  shells  began  to  e.xplode,  result- 
ing in  his  being  wouiuled  in  the  hip  by  one  of 
them,  which  so  disabled  him  for  tliree  months 
tlhit  he  was  not  able  to  \ie  with  his  regiment. 
Later  he  rejoined  it  and  was  with  it  in  varii  us 
lights  and  at  the  battle  of  I'ea  llidge,  wnile 
making  a  charge  he  received  a  severe  saber 
wound  in  the  left  shoulder.  His  collar  bone 
offering  support  prevented  the  blow  from  pass- 
ing down  through  him,  but  this  misfortune diB- 
abicd  him  for  three  months  more.  * 

Our  subject  again  returned  to  his  command, 
but  from  exposure  and  fatigue,  rheumatism  set 
in  his  wound  in  the  hip  and  he  was  obliged  to 
go  upon  crutches,  consecjuently  he  was  retired 
from  the  service.  After  his  return  Iiome  ancl 
recovery  he  resumed    his    business   ot  cabinet- 


makini;,  continuinir  until  1808  when,  with  his 
wife  and  two  children  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  They  started  on  the  fifth  day  of  May, 
arriving  in  Polk  county  in  October,  having 
spent  about  five  months  on  the  journey.  He 
opened  bis  furniture  business  in  Dallas,  where 
he  remained  one  year  and  a  half  and  then,  in 
1871. came  to  Independence,  where  he  remained 
until  1873.  when  he  removed  to  Portland  and 
until  1875  remained  in  business  there.  In  the 
latter  year  he  returned  to  Independence,  where 
ho  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  furniture 
l)usine8s  and  also  combining  undertaking  with 
it.  In  1881  he  retired  from  the  furniture  busi- 
ness and  has  since  done  all  of  the  undertaking 
for  all  of  his  section. 

The  two  children  who  crossed  the  plains  with 
him  were  John  William  and  Mary  Ellen.  She 
is  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  W.  II.  Wheeler,  a  mer- 
diant  of  Independence.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lines 
are  both  members  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
South.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fratern- 
ity and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  In  1882  he 
was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  from  time 
to  time  has  been  re-elected  to  succeed  himself 
almost  continuously,  ever  since.  In  connection 
with  other  lines.  Judge  Lines  does  a  large  bus 
iness  in  conveyancing  and  collecting,  and  during 
all  the  years  in  the  trials  of  numerous  cases  but 
two  have  been  appealed  from  his  decision  and 
in  both  of  these  he  was  sustained,  showing  that 
he  is  a  man  who  has  a  good  conception  of  the 
]aw,as  well  as  a  man  of  great  personal  firmness. 
During  his  long  rcsideiu-e  in  Independence, 
Judge  Lines'  record  has  been  such  as  to  secmre 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  the  whole  country. 
He  is  a  very  fine,  pleasant,  genial  gentleman, 
an  honor  to  the  position  which  he  holds. 

^.y^\k.^ 


M)NOUABLE  THOMAS  M(  F.  PATTON, 
a  representative  jtioneer  of  Oregon  and 
one  of  Salem's  prominent  business  men. 
is  a  native  of  Ohio,  a\id  was  born  in  ("arrollton, 
Carroll  county,  that  State,  on  March  19,  1829. 
His  father,  David  Pat'ton,  one  of  Ohio's  pio- 
neer settlers,  married  Margaret  McFadden.  a  na- 
tive of  Midillotown,  Pennsylvania.  They  have  Tiiim 
children,  a  son  anil  eight  daughters.  The  son, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and  one  daughter, 
are  now  the  only  surviving  members  of  the  fam- 
ily.    He  was  the  oldest  child,  and  was  educated 


HISTGRY    OP    OliEGON. 


65:} 


at  Miirlensl)!!!"^  Acadetny  and  at  the  Oliio  Wes- 
luyaii  li'iiiversity.  lie  read  law  witli  Jiidj^e 
James  M.  Cott'enbiiry  of  Clovclaiul,  Ohio,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Decemijor,  1850, 
and  the  followinj;  i[ai'eh  started  for  (Jrcgon, 
making  the  trip  overland  in  (tompany  with  Mr. 
Kdwin  N.  Cook  and  ilr.  Hiram  Smith.  Mr. 
I'atton  with  anotiier  yoiuiir  maii  loft  the  train 
and  walked  to  Portland,  where  he  at  once  en- 
gaged in  sufh  work  as  he  eould  get  to  <io.  His 
first  job.  he  reme?nbers,  was  cleaning  out  a 
well,  for  which  he  received  .?18,  nearly  as  mnch 
as  ho  Wf,8  paid  for  a  month'i*  teachiiiff  in  Ohio. 
He  tlien  tiiought  he  would  dress  up,  and  paid 
$14  for  a  pair  of  corduroy  pants.  He  then  paid 
§1  to  have  liis  hair  cut  and  the  alkali  cleaned 
out  of  it,  so  that  he  soon  parted  with  his  first 
earnini^s.  He  iheii  went  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
where  he  was  employed  as  clerk  in  a  store  at 
Dayton  at  $50  a  montii.  He  had  been  there 
but  a  month  when  the  proprietors  sold  out. 
He  had  boarded  at  a  hotel  and  slept  on  the 
counter  in  the  store.  When  he  asked  for  his 
board  bill,  he  was  told  that  it  was  $64.  He 
gave  the  man  his  $50,  and  said  "that  is  what 
they  paid  me  for  my  work  wliilel  was  boaniing 
out,  and  it  is  all  I  have  in  the  world."'  Ho 
then  went  to  the  river  and  found  a  boat  coming 
to  Salem.  He  told  the  captain  that  ho  had  no 
money,  but  the  captain  took  Ijim  on  board, 
made  him  his  guest  and  landed  him  at  Salem. 
It  was  then  about  the  middle  of  November, 
1851.  He  Krst  got  a  job  to  saw  wood.  He 
then  huTig  out  his  shingle,  and  began  the  ])rac- 
tice  of  his  profession,  but  the  clients  came  in 
clowly,  so  he  did  a  little  of  everything  he  could 
get  to  do.  In  the  spring  of  1853  he  started 
for  Rogue  river,  and  commenced  to  practice 
there,  and  grew  up  with  the  country.  After 
lieing  there  a  week,  ho  was  elected  (county 
.ludge  of  the  new  county  of  .(ackson.  After 
serving  iti  this  capacity  for  a  year,  he  was  nom- 
inated for  the  Legislature.  He  resigned  his 
judgeship,  made  his  canvass  and  was  beaten  by 
si.xty-Bve  votes.  He  was  on  the  Territorial 
ticket,  and  the  Democrats  |)revailed,  and 
through  a  legal  technicality,  it  was  found  that 
bo  was  still  the  legal  judge.  He  held  two  ses- 
t-ijri8  of  court  and  then  I'esigned  a  second  time. 
He  returned  to  Salem,  and  later  went  into  the 
office  of  Indian  Affnirs,  and  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  Chief  Clerk.  In  this  capacity  he  served 
foi*  two  years  under  the  administration  of  {'resi- 
dent Lincoln.     He  later  helped  to  organize    the 


People's  Trans|)ortation  Company,  of  which  ho 
was  secretary  for  two  years.  They  built  four- 
teen or  Kftoen  steamboats,  and  weie  very  suc- 
cessful. Tl'.ey  sold  out  to  benjamin  Ilolladay, 
when  that  gentleniHii  began  the  building  of  the 
Oregon  &  California  railroad.  In  1872  Mr. 
I'atton  was  elected  to  tho  Legislature  (ju  the 
Uepublican  ticket,  and  through  his  efforts  the 
money  was  voted  to  build  the  State  House  at 
Salem,  and  it  was  also  his  privilege,  as  (Trand 
Master  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  ( )re- 
gon,  to  lay  the  cornc;--8tone  of  tho  edifice,  and 
used  a  silver  trowel  for  tho  purpose,  which  was 
afterward  presented  to  him,  and  which  he  still 
cherishes  among  his  most  precious  possessions. 
On  the  2()th  of  March,  1876,  he  received  the 
appointment  of  Appraiser'of  Merchandise  for  the 
district  of  Willamette,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  for  seven  years.  After  this.  May  20, 
1884,  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul 
to  Kobe,  Japan,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
one  year  under  President  Arthur's  administra- 
tion, and  one  under  that  of  Cleveland.  During 
the  Indian  war  of  1853,  he  served  the  country 
as  .Orderly  Sergeant  in  Company  A,  Captain  J. 
F.  Miller.  He  served  as  Chief  CJerk  in  tho 
Legislature  of  1860.  After  his  services  in  Japaa 
he  returned  to  Salem,  and  purchased  the  book 
and  stationery  business  in  which  he  has  since 
been  engaged.  He  has  a  fine  store,  which  he 
built,  owns  a  large  stock,  and  does  a  good  busi- 
ness. 

Mr.  I'atton  was  married  August  3,  1854,  to 
Miss  Frances  M.  Cooke,  only  daughter  of  Hon. 
E.  N.  Cooke,  who  afterward  became  State  Treas- 
urer, and  who  came  to  Oregon  in  tho  same  com 
pany  with  Mr.  Patton.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patton 
have  had  five  children,  three  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, all  born  in  Salem:  Lillian  E.,  married  Mr. 
John  D.  McCully;  Flora  C,  died  when  three 
years  of  age;  Edwin  C.  and  Hal  D.  are  with 
their  father  in  the  store,  and  are  efficient  and 
capable  young  businessmen.  A  little  son,  Iloy 
v.,  died  when  eight  years  of  age,  and  in  1886, 
after  thirty-two  years  of  happy  married  life,  Mrs, 
Patton  also  died. 

Mr.  I'atton  has  an  enviable  record  as  a  meiu- 
ber  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  was  made  a 
Mason  on  June  24,  1852,  in  Salom  Lodge,  No. 
4.  h\  1853  he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
Warren  Lodge,  No.  10,  and  was  appointed  its 
Master,  under  dispensation.  He  secured  its 
charter  and  was  afterward  elected  Master?  He 
has  served  two  terms  as  Grand  Secretary  of  the 


^  aMK  rJMW-jpT-r-r.'i  «■'  im  j'Z'J 


u.'liiiVJM 


554 


JIISTOItr    or    OHUGON. 


(traii'l  I.ol^e  of  the  State.  He  was  appoiiitecl 
Grand  Treasurer  to  fill  a  vaeancy,  atid  lias  served 
three  years  as  Deputy  (Traiid  J[aster,  and  was 
the  elei'ted  Grand  Master,  and  us  siu-li  laid  the 
corner-stone  of  the  State  Capitol,  on  the  8tli  of 
October,  1873.  He  has  taken  all  the  degrees, 
includiiii;  the  Thirty-second,  and  hy  virtue  of 
his  office  is  a  life  member  of  tiie  Grand  Lodjre. 
He  represented  tlie  Grand  Chapter,  U.  A.  M.  of 
Oregon,  in  General  Grand  Chapter  at  Detroit, 
Donver  and  Washington  (yity,  and  Grand  En- 
cainpinent  of  Knights  Templars  at  Chicago  in 
1880;  San  Francisco,  1883;  St.  Louis.  188(5  and 
Washington  City,  1889,  and  Denver,  1892. 

At  his  home  in  the  city  of  Salem  he  takes  an 
interest  in  the  moral  and  religious  affairs  of  the 
place,  and  has  been  connected  with  the  Congre- 
gational Church  for  many  years,  lie  is  a  Dea- 
con in  the  church,  and  has  been  Superintenilent 
of  the  Sunday-school  for  twenty-one  years  con- 
tinuonsly,  except  for  the  two  years  when  absent 
in  .Tajian. 

On  the  10th  of  .Fanuary,  1889,  Mr.  Patton 
married  his  present  wife.  She  is  a  native  of 
i\ew  York,  and  is  the  daughter  of  James.  J. 
J'uss.  a  native  of  Jingland.  She  was  the  widow 
of  ^[r.  Joseph  Holman,  who  came  to  Oregon  in 
184t),  and  who  was  one  of  the  most  wortiiy  pi- 
oneers of  tlie  State.  His  son  by  his  first  wife 
was  the  first  male  white  child  born  in  Marion 
county.  Mr.  Holman  was  a  linseed  oil  manii- 
fact\irer,  and  a  promiTient  merchant  of  Salem, 
and  figured  prominently  in  the  earliest  settle- 
ment of  Marion  county.  Mrs.  Pattoii  is  a  re- 
fined and  intelligent  lady.  She  has  been  the  sec- 
ond wife  of  two  of  the  worthy  men  of  the  State. 
She  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  city  of  Salem 
and  in  the  prosperity  of  the  State.  They  own  a 
beautiful  home,  appropriate  surrounding.s  for 
persons  of  their  worth  and  culture,  which  is 
often  thrown  open  for  the  entertainment  of  their 
host  of  admiring  acquaintances  and  friends. 

UlAllLES  CUNNINGHAM.  -The  sheep 
industry  has  reached  large  projiortions  in 
J  the  State  of  ( )regon,  and  there  are  those  who 
declare  that  the  downs  of  New  England  cannot 
produce  finer  specimens  than  do  the  slopes  and 
valleys  of  this  State.  Among  those  who  have 
made  this  business  eminently  successful,  and 
have  be'      .o  well  known  in  connection  with  his 


knowledge  of  the  proper  and  proti table  raising 
of  sheep,  we  may  call  attention  to  our  subject. 
Not  only  has  he  the  distinction  of  raising  more 
sheep  than  any  other  farmer  in  Oregon,  but  is 
one  of  the  largest  individual  sheep  owners  in  the 
United  States. 

Mr.  Cunningham  was  born  in  the  county  Ga- 
lana,  Ireland,  May  20, 1840,  and  was  the  young- 
est son  of  James  and  Bridget  Cunningham,  who 
both  died  when  Chr.rles  was  but  a  mere  boy. 
This  was  an  unfortunate  position  for  a  yonth, 
but  he  managed  in  some  way  to  make  his  own 
living  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  and 
then  decided  that  he  would  sot  sail  for  America, 
where  there  would  he  more  opportunity  for  a 
poor  boy  to  make  his  way  in  the  world.  He 
possessed  enough  money  with  which  to  pay  his 
passage,  and  when  he  landed  in  New  \ork,  in 
1864,  he  still  had  seventy-five  cents  in  his 
pocket,  with  a  new  country  and  only  strangers 
before  him. 

This  was  during  the  civil  war,  and  as  an  open- 
ing was  given  him  in  the  American  Navy  he 
eidibted  as  a  sailor  on  board  the  ship  (ialena,  a 
vessel  of  sixty-pound  guns,  .sixteen  boys  and 
160  men.  While  on  this  ship  our  subject  saw 
some  severe  fighting,  the  ship  being  literally 
shot  to  pieces  in  the  terrible  conflict  in  Mobile 
bay,  where  the  ship  was  so  shattered  that  it  had 
to  be  sent  to  New  York  for  repairs.  At  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  Mr.  Cunning- 
ham decided  that  he  had  seen  enough  of  the  life 
of  a  sailor  on  a  man  of  war,  and  left  the  service 
and  started  for  the  far  West.  In  1805  he  landed 
in  California  and  went  to  Alameda,  where  he 
hii'ed  out  as  a  farm  hand  to  Charles  Ilatcell 
and  a  Mr.  Rankin,  and  worked  for  them  for 
four  years,  and  in  1809  he  came  to  Umatilla 
county,  Oregon,  and  here  entered  the  employ  of 
Major  W.  II.  Hanhardt,  who  was  one  of  the 
largest  sheep  owners  of  eastern  Oregon.  This 
was  the  beginning  of  the  successful  business 
career  of  onr  subject,  for  here  he  had  the  oppor- 
tunity to  study  the  needs  and  management  of 
sheep.  lie  profited  by  the  opportunity  and 
soon  became  a  sheep-raiser  himself.  In  those 
days  the  rolling  hills  of  Umatilla  county  and 
from  the  Colnmbia  to  the  summit  of  Blue 
mountains,  the  land  was  literally  covered  with 
that  sweet,  flavored,  nutritious  bunch  grass,  fa- 
mous because  it  possessed  the  quality  of  curin 
after  ripening  while  still  standing  as  it  wonl 
grow  up,  full  over  and  make  as  fine  a  winter 
pasture    as   a   summer.     When   the   fall    raiuB 


) ,  3.1 


mmmmmmmm 


HISTORY    OF    OHKOON. 


856 


came  it  would  turn  {>reen,  and  on  this  account 
there  was  seldom  any  necessity  for  feeding 
sheep,  as  they  could  be  turned  out  into  these 
pastures.  Even  when  there  was  a  deep  snow, 
the  sheep  as  the  horses,  would  paw  until  they 
found  tlie  grass.  Mr.  Cunningham  saw  that 
there  was  money  in  sheep,  and  in  1873,  he  as- 
sociated hi-'-''  '*  with  Jacob  Frazier,  and  pur- 
chased a  ocK,  siibsequently  purchasing  with 
Mr.  Frazier  the  Web  Slough  ranch.  This  was 
afterward  known  as  the  Hewitt  &  McDonald 
ranch, and  here  Mr.  Cunningham  and  Mr.  Frazier 
continued  until  their  flocks  grew  so  large  that 
they  found  that  it  would  be  more  protitable  to 
make  a  division  and  each  give  his  individual  at- 
tention to  a  flock  of  his  own.  In  1887  Mr. 
Cunningham  purchased  what  is  known  as  tlic 
Cunningham  ranch  on  Buit'alo  creek,  which  was 
then  in  timatilla  county,  but  which  in  1888  was 
place<l  in  Morrow  county. 

In  1888  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Doherty,  a 
niece  of  E.  B.  Nelson,  who  was  killed  by  the 
Indians  in  the  summer  of  1878.  Two  years 
after  marriage  Mrs.  Cunningham  died,  leaving 
a  little  daughter,  born  in  1889.  In  politics, 
Mr.  Cunningham  is  a  strong  Republican,  and  is 
always  true  to  the  platform  of  his  party.  The 
first  sheep  raised  in  this  country  were  of  the 
common  stock,  and  Mr.  Cunningham  was  one 
of  the  first  men  who  saw  the  advisability  of  im- 

E roving  them  by  the  importation  of  thorough- 
red  rams.  Such  has  been  his  success  in  this 
line  that  while  he  now  owns  18,000  sheep  there 
is  not  a  scrub  among  them.  Among  his  flocks 
he  has  5,000  thoroughbreds  and  the  rest  are 
graded  fine  in  quality.  At  one  time  he  owned 
20,000  sheep,  but  as  there  were  not  sufticient 
rains  for  so  large  a  flock  he  was  obliged  to  re- 
duce the  number.  When  Mr.  Frazier  discon- 
tinued the  business,  Mr.  Cunningham  bought 
all  of  his  thoroughbreds,  and  when  Mr.  Ross 
died  Mr.  Cunningham  bought  all  of  his  tine 
sheep  and  also  his  ranches  and  ranges.  lie  had 
been  a  noted  breeder  in  this  county  and  his 
flocks  were  of  the  best. 

Our  subject  has  the  largest  flocks  of  thorough- 
bred sheep  in  the  United  States.  Eighteen 
years  of  his  life  has  been  given  to  the  business, 
his  uiiiiivided  attention  has  been  required  to 
attain  his  present  success.  He  is  now  regarded 
authority  on  the  subject,  his  opinions  being 
valued  by  all  sheep-raisers  in  the  land.  He  owns 
10,000  acres  of  tine  grazing  land  and  most  care- 
fully watches  his  flocks,  weeding  out   all  those 


which  do  not  come  up  to  his  high  standard  of  ex- 
celletice.  Where  could  be  found  a  better  example 
of  the  success  which  is  sure  to  attend  honest 
eftbrtinany  line  than  thataftbrded  by  our  subject? 
Except  for  the  industrious  habits  anil  honest  at- 
tentions, there  is  little  connection'between  the 
poor  lad  who  lauded  friendless  upon  these  shores 
and  the  ricli  and  successful  sheep  and  land  king 
of  eastern  Oregon. 


WINGATE.— Among  the  "rustling" 
l)usiness  men  of  Astoria,  stands  the  snb- 
,*  ject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  born  at 
Baillieston,  near  Glasgow,  in  Scotland,  in  1847. 
His  ancestors  were  old  residents  of  that  local- 
ity, actively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  iron 
and  coal. 

Our  subject  was  educated  at  Glasgow,  and 
served  his  time  of  four  years  as  civil  and  min- 
ing engineer  at  the  school  of  mines,  of  the 
Andersonian  University.  Seeking  broader  fields 
for  the  practice  of  his  profession,  he  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1867,  landing  in  New 
York;  thence  by  steamer  and  Isthmus  of  Pan- 
ama, to  California,  and  landed  in  San  Francisco 
in  October,  1867  He  soon  found  occupation 
among  the  many  coal  companies  of  California. 
Subsequently,  although  his  practical  informa- 
tion was  gained  in  the  coal  mines  of  Scotland, 
he  was  employed  by  the  Central  Paciflc  Rail- 
road Company  as  coal  prospector  and  geologist, 
to  look  up  coal  prospects  along  their  lines 
through  Nevada,  Utah  and  Idaho.  He  surveyed 
and  mapped  the  Mount  Diablo  mine.-:,  and  was 
superintendent  of  the  Eureka  coal  mine  during 
its  inception.  He  also  visited  the  mining  lo- 
calities of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and  then 
entering  south  California,  he  located  at  Los 
Angeles  in  1870,  and  passed  two  years  in  gen- 
eral survey  work.  In  1872  he  came  to  Coos 
Bay,  Oregon,  looking  up  coal  interests,  and  in 
1874  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  East- 
port  coal  mine,  and  remained  in  that  capacity 
until  1880,  when  he  resigned  and  made  a  trip  to 
the  land  of  his  nativity. 

Returning  to  the  coast,  in  1881,  he  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Southern  I'acitic  Railroad  Com- 
pany  to  prospect  their  coal  interests  in  Arizona, 
l)ut  after  a  few  months  he  went  to  Vancouver 
island,  and  opened  the  East  Wellington  coal 
mines,  near  Nanaimo.     Here  he  remained  one 


fSSO 


ntSTORT    Oh"    OREGON. 


,\\^ 


yeiir,  and  then  lociitcd  1,000  lU'res  of  eoiil  lauds 
(III  tlio  island,  near  Cotnox,  wliich  lie  sulise- 
(jiicntly  .sold  to  [iio  Soiitlierii  I'acitic  (\)iiij)aiiy, 
and  l)()iiii;lit  ()4()  ar.rcs  uii  Ciatsoji  Ijcacli,  Ort'f^oii, 
and  lioi'u  continncd  raiicliini^,  witii  ocwisional 
tri])S  to  tlic  inincB,  as  expert,  niitil  l^'-.'S,  when 
he  leased  his  t'ariii  and  came  to  Astoria,  and  tak- 
ing an  interest  in  railroad  matters,  engaged  in 
jiromoting  the  Astoria  6i  South  Coast  railroad, 
and  also  invested  in  city  real  estate.  He  was 
very  active  in  forwarding  the  Astoria  A:  I'ort- 
laiid  railroad,  in  18!I2;  rendered  valuable  assist- 
ance in  olitainiiiij  the  desired  subsidy  of  1,000 
acres  of  land,  and  as  one  of  the  subsidy  trus- 
tees obtained  contracts  for  the  biiildiiiir  of 
the  road  from  Astoria  to  transcontinental  con- 
nections. 

Mr.  Wi.igate  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Astoria  l>aiid  Company,  and  was  elected 
president.  lie  is  also  jirefeident  of  the  Cham- 
ber of  Coininerce,  having  been  in  that  oHice 
sinci!  l*^'Jl,  and  in  June,  1802,  was  eleitted  as 
member  of  the  State  I'oard  of  Kiinalization. 

Onr  subject  was  married  at  Coos  Hay,  Ore- 
gon, in  187(),  to  Miss  Mary  Ward,  daujfliter  of 
Charles  Ward,  of  Derbyshire,  England.  Mr. 
Wingate  is  a  Uoyal  Arch  Mason,  and  a  ineiuber 
of  A.  ().  U.  W. 


■^•??3-"'^ 


m 


M)LOXEL   JAMES  TAYLOR.— Descend- 

4W-*  '"K  from  pioneer  ancestry  and  reared  iijion 
the  fnjiitier,  it  was  <piite  natural  that  the 
sniiject  of  this  sketch  should  have  been  among 
the  early  emigrants  to  Oregon,  and  we  lind  him 
liii'nbered  among  the  heroic  band  in  184"),  who 
crossed  the  broad  and  barren  plains,  seeking 
homes  in  a  country  little  known,  and  thus  jiav- 
ingtheway  for  that  greater  emigration  which 
settled  and  (levelopeil  the  great  Northwest. 

I'roin  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  James  Taylor  was 
born  in  Bedford  county,  I'ennsylvania,  in  March, 
1800.  His  parents,  William  and  Jane  (Wilson) 
Taylor,  were  natives  of  the  State,  but  removed 
to  Ohio  in  1823,  where  Mr.  Taylor  pursued  an 
agricultural  life.  Oiir  subject  was  educated  in 
Ohio,  and  remained  with  his  parents  until 
twenty  years  of  age.  During  the  frontier 
troubles  with  the  Indians  in  northwestern  Ohio 
and  Michigan,  young  Taylor  was  active  in  the 
State  militia,  anil  through  his  jirowess  and  ex- 
ecutive  ability   he  was    raised    to    the    I'ank  of 


Colonel.  In  IS.'JO  we  tind  liiin  enijaijed  in 
school  teaching,  which  occupation  he  followed 
one  year,  then  joining  his  brother  William,  pro- 
ceeded to  Findlay,  Ohio,  then  in  the  wilderness, 
and  there  established  a  trading-post  with  the  In- 
dians, which  was  continued  until  1843.  Through 
the  rapid  settlement  of  the  country  the  Indian 
trappers  were  forced  farther  hack,  and  thus 
their  business  was  ended.  At  this  time  Colonel 
Taylor  received  the  appointment  of  Register  of 
the  land  olHce,  and  removed  to  Lima,  Ohio. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Putnam  county, 
Ohio,  in  1841,  to  Miss  Esther  I)'Armon,of  French 
descent.  He  continued  his  official  tluties  until 
1845,  then  resigned  and  journeyed  to  Independ- 
ence, Missouri,  where  he  ])repared  his  prairie 
outfit,  consisting  of  four  wagons,  twenty  yoke 
of  oxen,  and  a  band  of  loose  cattle  and  horses. 
With  his  wife,  child  and  able  assistants,  he  set 
out  upon  his  journey  to  the  far  West.  The  emi- 
gration was  large,  and  Colonel  Taylor  and  his 
little  company  of  Ohio  friends  soon  realized 
the  wisdom  of  cutting  loose  and  traveling  by 
tluMiiselvcs,  which  they  did,  and  by  pusliing 
ahead  safely  accomplished  the  journey  to  the 
Dalles.  At  this  place  they  met  Colonel  Samuel 
R.  Barlow,  who  was  cutting  a  road  across  the 
Cascade  mountains.  Colonel  Taylor  drove  to 
the  Tiglie  valley  and  camped,  and  then  furnished 
men  to  assist  in  opening  the  road.  The  season 
being  late,  he  then  packed  his  family  and  effects 
across  the  mountains,  and  drove  his  loose  cat- 
tle, thus  avoiding  the  incumbrance  of  heavy 
wagons  across  the  heavy  trail,  and  landed  at 
Oregon  City,  October  10,1845.  In  the  spring 
of  1847  Colonel  Taylor  remo\ed  to  Clatsop 
plains,  where  he  had  piircha.sed  a  claim  for 
()40  acres  of  land.  The  Indian  trouble  in 
1847- '48,  caused  by  the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whit- 
man, induced  him  to  return  to  Oregon  (Mty 
with  his  family,  and  he  served  in  the  Cayuse 
war  as  (Quartermaster  at  Fort  Waters,  on  the 
site  of  the  Whitman  massacre.  After  peace 
was  declared  he  returned  to  Oregon  City,  where 
with  (ieneral  Lovejoy  and  Medoriim  Crawford, 
he  engaged  in  the  sawmilliiig  business,  which 
was  successfully  continued  until  the  great 
freshet  of  1840  and  18.")0,  when  mill  and  lum- 
ber Were  carried  away  and  onr  subject  was  left 
several  thousand  dollars  in  debt. 

During  the  Legislature  of  1848-'49,  Colonel 
Taylor  was  appointed  director  of  the  mint,  to 
coin  a  currency,  ami  thus  raise  the  valuation 
of  gold-dust.     This  appointment  resulted  in  the 


!   ;i 


BltiTORY    OF    OHEOON. 


"  Benver  money"  coiiiaj^e,  and  was  continued 
lor  one  year  until  tiie  appointment  of  a  Terri- 
torial (iovernor,  who  tiien  put  tlie  matter  in 
charge  of  the  United  States  Government.  In 
1851  Colonel  Taylor  returned  to  his  farm  on 
Clatsop  plains,  and  engaged  in  fanning,  and  in 
the  stock  business,  shipping  to  V^ictoria,  on  the 
Fraser  river,  and  to  Puget  sound,  and  was  thus 
enabled  to  pay  off  all  indebtedness.  In  the 
fall  of  1855  he  removed  to  Astoria,  then  a 
small  settlement,  and  purchased  land  holdings 
on  Smith's  Point  and  Young's  Pay,  and  has 
since  then  devoted  his  time  to  looking  after  his 
interests,  and  to  the  permanent  development  of 
this  city,  of  whicii  lie  has  become  a  prominent 
factor.  In  1800  Colonel  Taylor  and  sons  built 
the  Pay  railroad,  in  view  of  opening  and  devel- 
oping property  interests  on  Young's  Pay. 

Of  the  children  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tay- 
lor, five  still  survive:  lone  E.,  wife  of  Captain 
J.  W.  White,  of  the  United  Stales  revenue 
service;  Edward  A.,  Collector  of  Customs  at 
Astoria;  Frank  J.,  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial 
District  of  Oregon;  Mary;  and  Kate,  the  wife 
of  George  Taylor,  of  Portland.  Colonel  Tay- 
lor has  never  been  a  politician  in  the  general 
acceptation  of  the  term,  but  -in  1850  was  the 
first  Republican  ever  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Oregon.  He  was  counted  out  by  his  brother 
Whig  and  Democratic  legislators  on  account  of 
his  radical  politics,  which  at  that  day  could  not 
be  tolerated  by  the  parties  then  dominant. 
Thus  is  briefly  related  the  life  history  of  this 
noble  pioneer,  who  has  been  so  closely  connected 
with  the  history  of  Oregon  and  the  upbuilding 
of  the  city  of  Astoria.  All  honor  to  the 
heroic  pioneer  who,  spanned  mountains,  con- 
quered hostile  tribes,  and  opened  up  the  great 
Northwest  for  the  settlement  of  mankind. 

[ILLIAM  GROOMS,  an  honored  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  1850,  a  public  man  and 
retired  capitalist,  was  born  in  Kingston, 
Canada  East,  June  23,  1823.  His  early  years 
were  spent  with  his  parents  on  the  home  farm, 
where  he  was  reared  to  habits  of  thrift  and  in- 
dustry, and  received  such  educational  oppor- 
tunities as  the  locality  afforded.  Thus  passed 
in  peace  and  happiness  the  first  fifteen  years  of 
what  was  destined  to  be  an  unusually  busy  and 
varied  life. 

8S 


In  1844  he  came  to  the  United  States  locat- 
ing in  Rochester,  New  York,  where  ho  com- 
menced to  learn  the  carpenters  and  joiner's 
trade,  at  which  he  worked  for  three  years,  or 
until  the  opening  of  the  Mexican  war.  In 
1847,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Tenth  Regi- 
ment of  Infantry,  and  served  during  the  war  or 
for  five  years.  Proceeding  to  Meier,  Mexico, 
Mr.  Grooms  was  detailed  to  special  service,  be- 
ing appointed  Steward  and  Wardmaster,  with 
the  rank  of  First  Sergeant.  He  continued  to 
remain  at  Meier  until  the  close  of  hostilities, 
and  the  troops  returned  to  Matamoras,  when  he 
rejoined  his  regiment,  and  returned  with  them 
to  New  York,  in  1848,  and  was  discharged  at 
Fort  Hamilton. 

He,  then,  again  went  to  Rochester,  where  he 
continued  to  work  at  his  trade  until  December, 
1849,  when  he  was  engaged  by  a  Rochester 
syndicate  to  aid  in  framing  a  hotel,  wiiich  was 
to  l)e  erected  at  some  desirable  location  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Accordingly,,  the  necessary  lum- 
ber and  material  was  shipped  from  New  York 
by  a  sailing  vessel,  around  Cape  Horn,  Mr. 
Grooms  being  one  of  the  accompanying  party. 
They  arrived  in  San  Francisco  in  June,  1850, 
when  an  Oreujon  syndicate  immediately  bought 
the  hotel,  whicli  was  forthwith  erected  on  the 
Washington  side  of  the  (Columbia  river,  near 
the  present  site  of  FortCanby.  This  buildinu-, 
together  with  the  land  claim,  were  subse- 
quently sold  to  the  United  States  Government, 
and  Fort  Canby  was  established. 

Upon  the  completion  of  this  building,  in  the 
fall  of  1850,  Mr.  Grooms,  with  four  of  his 
companions,  purchased  a  whale  boat,  witli  which 
they  went  up  the  river  to  Portland.  Here,  he 
resumed  his  trade,  at  whicli  he  worked  for  three 
years. 

In  1853  he  was  elected  City  Marshal,  and 
subsequently  filled  the  offices  of  Street  Com- 
missioner, Constable,  Coroner  and  School  Clerk. 
In  1861,  he  was  appointed  assistant  United 
States  Assessor  and  Inspector  of  spirits,  tobacco 
and  cigars,  with  charge  of  the  bonded  ware- 
house, which  duties  bedischarged  faithfully  and 
efficiently  for  five  years.  At  the  e.xpiration  of 
this  time,  in  1860,  he  returned  to  his  trade,  en- 
gaging, as  opportunity  offered,  and  his  means  ■ 
afforded,  in  real-estate  speculations,  having  un- 
bounded faith  in  the  bright  prospects  of  the 
metroplis,  which  its  subsequent  development 
fully  verified.  He  thus  became  possessed  of 
much  desirable  property,    which  has    since  be- 


Il 


i!  1 


If 


I 


w« 


HIbTORY    OF    OREOON. 


come  {jrrcHtly  fiilmiiftHi  in  value,  until,  in  1S8'J, 
be  retired  from  active  labor  to  the  enjoyment  of 
his  financial  accumulations  and  the  care  of  liie 
property  interests. 

In  April,  1851,  lie  was  married   in   Portland, 
tu  Miss  Agnes  Lawther,  an  intelligent  and  amia- 
ble lady,  who  crosBed  the  plains  in  1850.     They 
liave  one  child,   Martha    E.,  now  the   widow  of 
L.  W.  Gilliland,  who  was   a  prominent  and  es- 
teemed citizen  of  Portland,   who   was  so  well 
and  favorably  known,  that  a  short  sketch  of  his 
ife  is  appropriately  submitteii.      He  was  a  na- 
tive of  Illinois,  having   l)eeii   born    in    Putnam 
county,  that  State,  March  13,  1847.      When  but 
six  years  of  age   he  crossed  the  dreary  waste  of 
plains,  in  185iJ,  with  his  parents,  Alexander  H. 
and  Mary  (Miller)  Gilliland,   who  experienced 
the  usual  hardships  and    dangers  of  that  long 
journey.     His  parents  located  on  land  on    Deer 
creek,  where  young  Gilliland  remained  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  his  time  being 
employed  during  the   summer    in   laboring  on 
the  farm,  while  lie  attended  a  district  school  in 
the  winter.     In  18(56   he  commenced    clerking 
in    Koseburg,  where  he    remained   until   loSti, 
when    he    came  to   Portland.     Here  he  took  a 
course  at    the    National    Pusiness  (College,    at 
which  he  graduated    in   February,    1807.     He 
was  then  elected  librarian  of  the   Portland   Li- 
brary  Association,  which  oftice    he  filled    with 
etHciency  untilJune,  1870,  when  he  accepted  a 
position  as  bookkeeper  for  the    First    National 
Bank,  remaining  there  until  his  death,  Decem- 
ber 28,  1889.     Such  a  length  of  time,  nineteen 
years,  in  one  position  of  importance  and  trust, 
is  sutHcient  indorsement  of  liis  ability  and   in- 
tegrity, while  his  uniform  courtesy  made  him  a 
great  favorite  among  his  associates  and  employ- 
ers.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gilliland  had  four  children: 
Charles  L.,  Agnes  May,  Maud   E.    and    Robert 
W.     These  young  Oregonians  have  received  a 
legacy  of  honor  from  their  father,  whose  repu- 
tation will  gain  for  them  the  good-will  of  hun- 
dreds of  worthy  men,  while  his   example  will 
be  an  enduring  incentive  to   them    in  the  years 
to  come. 


-^^m 


^•^-- 


rtr' 


fJ.  CATTEIILIN,  the  leading  representa- 
tive   in  llie    photographic  art  at  Salem, 
*  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
born  in  Madison  county,  in  1864.     His  father, 


Solomon  Catterlin,  was  a  native  of  Indiana.  In 
1875  he  emigrated  with  his  family  to  Salem, 
Oregon,  and  is  still  a  resident  of  that  city,  en- 
gaged in  the  real-estate  business.  In  Novem- 
ber, 1884,  he  began  the  study  of  photography 
with  W.  P.  Johnson,  and  after  three  months 
opened  a  gallery,  placing  in  charge  a  skilled 
professional  from  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  from 
whom  he  learned  the  most  approved  methods  of 
the  art.  After  one  year  of  instruction  and  prac- 
tice he  took  the  helm,  and  has  steered  his  busi- 
ness prosperously  and  successfully.  He  does  a 
large  business  in  outdoor  work,  making  u 
specialty  of  mountain  scenery.  His  best  ett'orts, 
however,  find  expression  in  portrait  work  which 
is  finished  in  most  perfect  style,  and  in  which 
he  has  won  an  e.\t»  llent  reputation. 

Mr.  Catterlin  was  united  in  marriage  at 
Salem,  in  1885,  to  Miss  Lizzie  Ryder,  a  native 
of   Iowa;  they  are  the  parents  of  two  children. 

In  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Churcli  our  wor- 
thy subject  has  a  meinliersnip,  and  he  is  also  au 
officer  of  the  society.  He  belongs  to  no  secret 
orders.  He  has  acquired  a  considerable  amount 
of  city  and  country  property,  but  devotes  his 
time  and  energies  to  the  care  of  his  business, 
which  has  come  to  be  recogni..oU  as  one  of  the 
leading  industries  of  a  progressive  city. 

fE.  GEIGER,  M.  D.,  is  a  native  of  Ore- 
gon, born  at  Forest  Grove,  Washington 
»  county,  in  1853.  His  father,  William 
Geiger,  M.  D.,  was  a  native  of  New  York  State, 
born  in  1810,  of  German  ancestry,  who  emi- 
grated to  America  late  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, settling  first  in  New  York  State  and  sub- 
sequently removing  to  Michigan.  Here  the 
father  of  our  subject  left  his  parents  and  pushed 
west  to  Missouri,  and  there  engaged  in  teach- 
ing school.  With  the  emigration  of  1839  Mr. 
Geiger  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  and  passed 
the  winter  with  Dr.  Whitman  in  eastern  Ore- 
gon. In  1840  he  came  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley and  passed  a  few  years.  He  then  went  to 
California,  via  tlie  Sandwich  islands,  in  1840, 
and  p.issed  about  one  year  with  Captain  Snttor, 
experiencing  many  adventures  in  that  new  and 
unsettled  country.  In  1842  he  joined  a  small 
company  to  return  East,  but  upon  the  plains  of 
Nevada  their  provisions  gave  out  and  starvation 
stared  them  in  the  face,  when  they  fell  in   with 


Bisronr  of  ohegon. 


ftsu 


profession  and   continuing  to  reside,  retaining 
540  acres  of  iiis  original  claim.   lie  and  his  wife 


an  oiniorant  train  bonnd  for  Oregon  in  tiie  fall, 
and  Mr.  Geiger  joined  the  company  and  re- 
turned to  that  State. 

In  1847  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Cornwall, 
a  pioneer  of  1846,  and  they  settled  upon  a  dona- 
tion claim  of  040  acres,  near  Forest  Grove,  and 
there  resided  and  farmed  until  1862,  when  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  18()5  lie 
removed  to  I'orest  Grove,  there  continuing  his 
tinning 
jinal  els 
have  seven  uhildren,  and  our  subject  is  the  third. 

0.  E.  Geiger  was  educated  at  the  Pacific  Uni- 
versity at  Forest  Grove,  and  in  1875  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  his  fatiier,  according 
to  liomeo|)athie  methods  of  treatment.  In  1876 
he  went  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  in  a  course 
of  study  under  Dr.  E.  C.  Franklin,  he  received 
a  special  certificate  and  a  diploma  from  the 
Good  Samaritan  hospital,  which  was  followed 
by  a  course  of  study  at  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Chicago,  where  he  graduated  in  the 
spring  of  1879.  lie  then  returned  to  Oregon, 
and  thence  to  Victoria,  British  Columbia,  where 
he  practiced  until  1881,  when  he  settled  in 
Portland  and  lias  there  continued  until  the 
present  date,  enjoying  a  general  practice,  which 
he  carries  on  according  to  the  homeopathic 
methods. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  October  27,  1880, 
to  Miss  Alice  E.  Shirley,  a  native  of  Oregon 
and  daughter  of  James  Shirley,  a  pioneer  of  the 
early  forties.  Dr.  Geiger  is  a  member  of 
Progress  Lodge,  No.  72,  and  Rebekah  Degree 
Lodge,  No.  32,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  also  of  Company 
K,  First  Uegiment,  Oregon  National  Guards, 
and  of  the  Oregon  Pioneer  Association. 

[AMUEL  FORD  GOFF,oneof  the  promi- 
nent and  brave  Oregon  pioneers  of  1847 
and  for  many  years  a  respected  citizen  of 
Polk  county,  now  deceased,  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri June  14,  1820.  lie  was  of  Scotch- Irish 
ancestry  on  the  paternal  side,  and  Welsh  and 
French  extraction  on  the  maternal  side.  His 
parents,  David  and  Kesiah  (Ford)  Goff,  were 
both  natives  of  Virginia.  Five  children  were 
born  to  them,  two  sons  and  three  daughters, 
and  the  parents  and  four  children  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1844,  our  subject  not  coining  until  tliree 
years  later.     They  settled  at  Derry  on  a  dona- 


tion claim,  where  the  father  lived  until  his 
death  in  ISO.I,  his  wife  having  jirevinnsly  died. 
Both  parents  were  members  of  the  Christiai; 
Church  and  were  worthy,  good  people. 

Our  sul)jo(!t  was  the  eldest  of  the  family  and 
was    married     in    Sheridan    county,   Missouri, 
March  14,  1844,  to  Miss  Nancy  Virgin,  born  in 
Kentucky,  Marcii  9,  1820,  daugluer  of   Ii('u>oM 
Virgin,   of    Pennsyivaiiia.    wiio    married    Aliss 
Womock,  a  native  of  Virginia.      Mr.  and   Mrs. 
Goff  came  to  Oregon  in  1847  after  losing  their 
first  cliild    in  Missouri.     They  started  A|)ril  5, 
1847,  an<l   had   a  prosperous  journey.     On  the 
trip  another  little  one  was  added  to  the  family 
and  they  named  him  David  lieason,  but  be  died 
at  the  foot  of  the  Tailapoota  mountains  and  they 
brought   his   little   body  to  Eugene  and   buried 
him,    surrounded    by    others    wlic^    had    passed 
away.     The  journey  consumed  six  montlis,  lack- 
ing a  day,  and   they  arrived  in  I'olk  tounty  Oc- 
tober 4,   1847.     They  took    up   their  donation 
claim  three  and  one-half  miles  south  of  where 
the   Dalles  now  is,  and  on  this  640  acres  of  land 
they  built  their  little  cabin  and  began  the  life 
of  the   Oregon   pioneer,  surrounded   with   very 
few  of  the  necessities  of  life.     They  were  very 
poor,  but  Mr.  Gotf's  father  kindly  helped  him, 
giving  liim  cattle  and  horses,  and  here  the  two 
worked   and   labored,  the    wife  doing   her  full 
share   toward     improving    the    property.     The 
husband  did  a  good  deal  of  teaming,  carrying 
produce  to    Portland  and    bringing  back  mer- 
chandise.    On   his  farm   he  carried  on  genei;al 
farming,  and   in   time  replaced  his   little  cal)in 
by  a  good,  substantial  frame  residence,  in  which 
he  resided   until   1887.     At  this  date  they  re- 
tired  from   the  farm,  came    to    Independence, 
purchased   lots  and   built   the  residence  where 
the  widow  and  her  daughter  Sophia  now  reside. 
Mr.  Goff  died  June  30,   1887,  after   living  a 
good  and  useful  existence.     He  had  been  a  good, 
kind-hearted   man,  and  had   been  a  member  of 
the   Methodist  Church  for  a  number  of  years. 
Twelve  children  were  born  to  his  wife  and  him, 
seven  of   whom  they  reared   to  maturity.     The 
eldest  daugliter,  Laura  V.,  is  now  the  widow  of 
A.  C.  Harrison   and  resides  in  Marion  county; 
Samuel  is  married  and  resides  in  Independence; 
Lucretia   N.  married  John  Bacon  and  they  re- 
side  in     Polk   county,   engaged    in    farming; 
Luvenia  P.  married   Fred  Gelwick  and   resides 
in  Pulman,  Whitman  county;  Mary  Ellen  is  the 
wife  of  George  Pierce  and  also  resides  at  Pul- 
raaii;  Geneva  is  the  wife  of  Marcus  T.  Fisher. 


ri(>o 


HISTOItr    OF    OliSaoN. 


h 


I 


Mrs.  Golf  ia  now  in  lii'r  sixty-sixtli  year  and 
lilts  rctaiiHHl  lier  t'nciilties  in  a  wondi-TtuI  dcgret). 
Shu  displnys  tine  Imciiu'fs  aliility  and  is  noted 
for  lifing  an  lione.-t,  plain  spoken  iii'rson,  who 
always  Bpoaks  tlic  plain  truth.  She  is  widely 
known  and  highly  esteemed  hy  all  who  know 
her  as  a  f;oo(l  specimen  of  the  hrave,  heroic 
pioneer  women  ot  Oregon. 

tON.  1).  J.  SWITZEIl,  oneof  the  promi- 
nent and  enterprisini^  citizensof  St.  Ilelen, 
is  a  native  of  Vermont,  horn  at  Pittsfield, 
Maich  18,  1843,  son  of  iJaniel  Switzer,  a  native 
ol  Maswaeluisetts,  of  Swiss  extraetioii,  and  Ada- 
line  (Whitmore)  Switzer,  of  Scotch  extraction. 
The  paternal  ancestry  emigrated  to  America  a 
short  time  before  the  Kevolutionary  war,  there 
being  three  brothers,  one  of  whom  settled  at 
Montreal,  another  in  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  the  third  in  Jioston.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch  descended  from  the  brother  who  set- 
tled in  Hoston.  He  was  reared  and  educated 
in  the  State  of  his  birth,  his  early  life  being  de- 
voted to  the  farm.  Later  he  learned  the  car- 
penter trade  and  that  of  sash  and  door  maker, 
which  he  pursued  at  Ypsilanti,  Micliij^an, 
whither  he  had  removed  in  1807.  He  remained 
here  until  1870,  when  he  removed  to  Wiscon- 
sin, renwiining  in  that  State  eighteen  months; 
thence  to  Lincoln,  Nebraska;  later  to  Iowa.  In 
1874  he  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  after  fol- 
lowing his  trade  in  California  anil  other  States 
came  to  St.  Helen  in  1877.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  County  Judge,  serving  a  term  of  four 
years.  As  an  organizer  Judge  Switzer  has 
always  been  ])romiiient  in  the  Republican  rank.s, 
and  has  bien  a  member  of  the  County  Central 
Committee  for  a  period  of  twelve  successive 
years.  At  the  time  of  the  organization  and  in- 
corporation of  St.  Ilelen,  February,  1889,  he  was 
very  active  and  at  the  present  is  City  Treasurer. 
For  several  years  he  has  been  engaged  in 
abstract  and  legal  writings,  and  April  I,  1892, 
he  established  himself  .with  G.  W.  Cole,  a 
prominent  attorney  of  tliis  city,  now  doing  busi- 
ness undi-r  the  firm  name  of  Cole  &  Switzer, 
real  estate  and  abstract  birreau  and  insurance 
and  money  brokers.  The  firm  represents  a 
number  of  the  best  tire  insurance  companies, 
l)eeides  the  New  York  Life.  They  own  their 
business  property  and  are  doing  a  large  and 


tlourisliing  business.  Mr.  Switzer  is  also  inter- 
ested jointly  in  the  ownership  of  124  acres  of 
partially  imjiroved  land,  with  J.  S.  Miller,  the 
property  being  situated  four  miles  west  of  St. 
Helen,  on  which  is  a  tine  young  orclririi  of  a 
general  variety  of  fruit  trees;  also  320  acres  anil 
other  lands  partly  im])roved.  Mr.  Switzer,  K. 
K.  (Juick  and  ilames  Thorn  organized  an  ab- 
stract bureau  at  Oregon  lity  in  1889,  using  the 
new  books  (^mtaining  the  condensed  title  ab- 
stract, known  as  the  Thorn  system.  Although 
the  business  continued,  Mr.  Switzer  sold  his 
interest  the  following  year. 

Mr.  Switzer  was  married  in  this  city  January 
1(5,  1881,  to  Miss  Eliza  Muckle,  a  native  of 
Canada.  HeafKliates  socially  witii  the  order  of 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  St.  Ilelen  Lodge,  No.  32,  and 
is  now  filling  the  station  in  the  West.  Mr. 
Switzer  comes  from  a  long-lived  and  prolific 
race,  his  parents  being  both  living,  aged  re- 
spectively eighty-six  and  eighty-seven  years. 


tA  R  K  Y  H.  C  L  I  F  F,  M.  U.-l'rominent 
among  the  leading  medical  practitioners  of 
Oregon,  is  the  gentleman  wiiose  name 
opens  this  sketch.  Dr.  Cliff  was  born  in  Brad- 
ford, Yorkshire,  England,  December  8,  1857, 
his  parents  being  Joseph  and  Annie  (Foster) 
Clifi".  To  them  were  born  eleven  children,  the 
subject  being  the  fourth  in  order  of  birth.  He 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native  country. 
After  completing  a  classical  course  of  study  he 
began  reading  medicine  in  1875,  and  graduated 
in  medicine  and  surgery  from  Darlington  Med- 
ical College  at  Sidney,  New  South  Wales,  in 
1880.  He  practiced  in  that  city  until  1885, 
when  he  came  to  America,  first  locating  at  San 
PVancisco,  California,  where  he  practiced  only  a 
few  months,  coming  from  that  city  to  St.  Hel- 
en, where  he  has  since  made  his  home. 
Although  he  lias  been  here  so  short  a  time  he 
has  built  up  a  good  practice,  which  is  constantly 
increasing  and  has  gained  the  confidence  of  the 
entire  community  and  medical  profession  at 
large.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Allopathic  or 
regular  school  of  medicine,  and  has  been  a 
member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  since 
1888.  He  is  the  County  Physician  of  Columbia 
county,  and  is  the  Medical  Examiner  for  the 
New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company. 
He  was  naturalized  in  1891  and  elected  to  the 


m' 


niHTOKY    OF    OUKdON. 


661 


St.  Ileleii'H  City  Council  tlie  following  year.  Po- 
litically hu  iittiliiites  with  tlm  Uonublicun  party 
and  takes  an  active  intercHt  in  all  innttors  per- 
tttininj^  to  tlio  welfare  of  the  city,  county  and 
State. 

October  22,  1882,  Dr.  Cliff  was  married  to 
Miss  Clara  A.  Evans,  and  three  children  were 
horn  to  their  union,  only  to  l»t>  taken  away  while 
in  infancy.  Few  men  are  more  highly  respected 
and  generally  e-iteomed  than  IJr.  Cliff,  while  hix 
wife  shares  his  popularity  with  him. 


^'S% 


*ta- 


a^  S.  I'AGUE,  Local  Forecast  Official 
1^  United  States  Weather  Bureau,  Portland, 
ijp'o  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, born  at  Carlisle,  in  1862.  His  paternal 
ancestors  were  of  German  extraction,  and  his 
mother  was  a  member  of  the  Culver  family  of 
New  York,  very  early  settlers  of  that  State,  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent.  Both  branches  of  the 
family  settled  in  the  Cumberland  valley  in  Penn- 
sylvania about  1760.  S.  A.  Pague,  the  father 
of  15.  S.,  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  also 
operated  a  tannery.  Our  subject  attended  the 
common  schools  at  Carlisle,  and  was  graduated 
from  the  high  school  at  that  place;  he  then  en- 
tered Dickenson  College,  from  which  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Signal  Service;  he  was  gradua- 
ted from  the  school  for  signal  service  at  Arling- 
ton, Virginia,  in  1882,  and  was  then  appointed 
Assistant  Observer  at  Mt.  Washington,  New 
Hampshire,  a  station  exposing  the  officers  to 
great  hardships  and  much  severe  weather;  it  is 
located  in  the  direct  course  of  nine-tenths  of  the 
storms  which  cross  the  continent,  where  the 
wind  reaches  a  velocity  of  186  miles  an  hour; 
storms  of  snow  and  sleet  are  unprecedented,  and 
the  house  is  chained  to  the  mountain  to  prevent 
its  being  swept  away  by  the  blast.  At  this 
station,  accompanied  by  one  observer  and  a 
cook,  Mr.  Pague  passed  about  fifteen  months. 
He  was  then  stationed  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  as 
First  Assistant. 

He  was  married  in  this  city  ^December  24, 
1884,  to  Miss  Alice  T.  Laaphear,  of  an  old  and 
honored  family  of  Ohio.  He  remained  at 
Cleveland  until  February,  1885,  when  he  was 
sent  to  San  Francisco  to  take  charge  of  the 
Meteorological  department.  In  May,  1886,  he 
was  transferred  to  Roseburg,  Oregon,  to  take 
charge  of  the  second  order  station,  and  in   De- 


comber,  1888,  he  was  transferred  to  Portland  to 
take  charge  ot  the  station  in  this  city,  which  is 
one  of  twenty-two  first  order  stations  of  the 
United  States:  under  his  direction  are  seventy- 
six  display  stations  of  the  Oregon  State  Weather 
Service.  The  first  organixution  of  a  Meteoro- 
logical Bureau  in  Oregon  was  in  June,  1887, 
when  Mr.  Pague,  then  United  States  Signal 
Service  Observer  at  Uoseburg,  collected  data  of 
voluntary  meteorohfgical  work,  and  published  it 
in  the  "Jourruil  of  Commerce"  of  Portland. 
This  system  continued  until  May,  1888,  when 
the  service  had  grown  sufficiently  to  warrant  the 
publication  of  a  paper  devoted  to  its  interests; 
the  publication  was  named  "Oregon  State 
Weath'jr  Ueview  atid  Agricultural  lieport;" 
6,000  copies  wore  issued  each  month  and  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  country,  and  the  work 
was  a  success.  Through  the  instrumentality  of 
Mr.  Pague  an  act  passed  the  Legislature  Febru- 
ary 25,  188y,  creating  a  law  which  established 
the  Oregon  State  Weather  Service,  which  co- 
operates with  the  United  States  Signal  Service 
in  collecting  metereological  data  disseminating 
weather  forecasts  and  storm  signals  for  the  bene- 
fit of  agricultural  and  other  interests.  The 
work  has  been  very  gratifying  in  its  results,  and 
has  been  carried  forward  with  much  wisdom 
and  intelligence. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pague  are  the  parents  of  one 
child:  Donald  Mitchell;  they  reside  at  Pied- 
mont, where  they  have  a  handsome  home.  Mr. 
Pague  is  highly  respected  in  his  profession,  and 
for  care  and  accuracy  in  work  he  stands  at  tile 
head  of  a  list  of  500  members. 

lAPTAIN  WILLIAM  S.  POWELL,  a 
worthy  pioneer  of  Oregon  and  business 
^ .  man  of  Portland,  is  a  native  of  the  State 
of  Ohio,  born  at  Mount  Vernon,  Knox  county, 
September  22,  1832,  his  father,  John  Powell, 
M.  D.,  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1798,  his  fa- 
ther was  born  in  Wales  in  March,  1754.  He 
came  to  America  as  a  soldier  of  the  British 
array,  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  colonists  and 
was  held  until  peace  was  declared.  lie  remained 
in  this  country  and  was  a  pioneer  in  the  State 
of  Ohio,  where  he  pursued  farming  until  his 
death  in  March  10,  1829.  His  son  married 
Miss  Mary  Scoles  of  Maryland,  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  William  Scoles.     Ho  was  a  native  of 


nu'j 


UlUTOUY    UF    UUJidOiV. 


hiifi;  i^: 


'•'i 


Irelnnd  and  hotli  Mvn  of  tlu'  f'ainily  wpm;  Metli- 
(i(liht(t.  Tlii^  liiitl  tii^lit  cliilili-cn,  three  of  wlioiii 
(ire  living. 

Mr.  W.N.    I'oweil  wiis  next   to  the  3'()niiff(>ht 
<>t  the  i'liinily  lunl  with  riiihcil  in  Ohio   until  hi^ 
nineteeMth  year.      In  1^52  lie  emni!  to  I'ortliinij, 
erort«e(i  tlie  plainH  with  n  sinter  and  hrother-in- 
law  iitiil  It  iiirj^'e  company.     Their  journey  was  a 
cafe  one  and  one  only   of  the  eonipatiy  died   and 
was  huriecl  on  the    plains.      From  the  Cascjides 
they    eanu'    on    the   old    steamer     Multnoiinvh, 
-nded  at  I'ortland  October  4,  18")'.^.    liirt  money 
Was  c.xhaiiHted  and  he  .^awed  wood  for  his  hoard 
at  the  Cohiinhia   hotel.      lie  then  went  to  lien- 
ton  ciinnty  and   worked  at  the    carpenter  trade 
and  from  there  he  returned  to  I'ortland.  There 
he  purchased    an    ax  and  spent  the  winter   cut- 
tiiiir  wooil  ami  in  this  way  struggled  to  subsist. 
In    the  spring  of  IHo'ii  a  iiriifhter  day  dawned, 
work  became  plenty  and  he  prospered  and  lias 
since  ni.ft  with  a  fair  decree  of  success.    He  has 
invested  in    city  property,  has  bouj^ht  and    sold 
land  ami    lias  done  considerable  buildinir.      In 
iyf)4  he  raised    ('ompany    U,  Virst  Oregon  In- 
fantry, of  which  he  was  commissioned  Captain. 
They  expected  to  jj;o  to  the   front,  but  were  or- 
I'.ered  to  ff)  into  the  Indian  country  in   eastern 
Oregon  and    Idaho  to  protect  the  settlers  and 
keep  tile   Indians  in  check.     They  were  part  of 
the  time  stationed  at  camp  Lion.      lie  was  mus- 
tered out  January  16,   1800.      He  returned  to 
Portland  and  purchased  an   intorest  in  the  Ore- 
gon Iron  Works.  (Tovernor  (libbs  was  presirlent 
of  the  comj)any.     After  a  time  a  disastrous  tire 
occurred  and  they  were  lic^avy  losers,      lie  then 
went    to    Dayton    and    eiifxaged   in    sawmilling 
and  in  the    warehouse    business  and   again  met 
witli  satisl'in  lOry  success.     After  sixteen  years 
he  iigain    returned  to    I'ortland  and  established 
liis  present  grocery  and  commission  business,  in 
which  he  is  handling  hay,  feed,  provisions  and 
fjroceries.  mostly  at  wiiolesale.     llis  partner  is 
Mr.  J.   J.  Shiply.     Tiiey  both  have  a  wide  ac- 
quaintance and   enjoy  the  confidence   of  many 
customers. 

In  1855  Mr.  Powell  was  married  to  Miss 
Helen  C.  Hill,  step-daughter  of  General  Coffin, 
a  prominent  pioneer  of  Oregon  and  one  of  the 
principal  founders  of  the  city  of  Portland.  (See 
history  in  this  book.)  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Powell 
have  six  children  all  natives  of  Oregon,  three  of 
whom  are  now  living,  namely:  Mary  L.,  wife 
of  Mr.  Shiply,  her  father's  partner;  Charles  A., 
is  assisting  in  the  store;  Frankie,  is  the  wife  of. 


Harry  A.  Haseltlne,  a  prominent  business  nntn 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Powell  is  a  member  of  tiie 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  has  pa^KtMl  the  chairs  in  both 
branches.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  (i.  A.  U., 
Lincoln  <iai  Held  Post.  Mr.  Powell  and  family 
are  worthy  members  of  (rrac^e  Methodist  Chun-n 
of  Portland.  He  was  a  member  of  the  iiiiilding 
committee  that  iiuilt  tiie  tu'W  church  e<litice 
and  he  is  a  [Steward.  Mr.  Powell  has  resided 
forty  years  in  the  Slate  of  Oregon  and  has  seen 
the  whole  of  its  wonderful  growth  and  develop- 
ment and  he  is  ever  ready  to  do  all  in  his  power 
to  advance  its  interests. 

ILSON  CAUL,  a  highly  respected  Ore- 
gon   pioneer  of  1851!,  and    the  person 
after    whom    Carlton    is    named,    who 
is    now    a  citizen   of    McMinnville,    was    borti 
in   Amity,   Washingtrm  county,    PennHylvania, 
May    21,  1827.     His  father,  Jacob   F." Carl,  a 
native  of  New  Jersey,  was  born  in  April.  1800. 
He  was  of  fternian  descent,  his  ancestors  hav- 
ing emigrated  from    (iermatiy  to  this   country 
at  the  time   of  the   llevolution.     (ireat-grand- 
father  Carl  was  a  sohlier  in  the   Hessian  army 
at  the  battle  of  Trenton,  but  deserted  and  joined 
the  Contii'.M  'al  army,  doing  good  service  to  the 
close  of  the   vi''.     He  then  settled  in  New  Jer- 
sey, where  !ii»  [grandfather  and  father  Carl  were 
both  borii       'i  he  latter  moved  to   Pennsylvania 
in  an  (•.•:!y   lay,  where  he  nnirried    Miss  Eliza- 
beth Wilson,  a  native  of  (Jreene  county,  Penn- 
sylvania,   and   a   daughter  of  John    and    Kiith 
Wilson.     They  moved  to  Ohio   when  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  b\it  seven  years  of  age, 
where  they  resided  until  the  death  of  the  father, 
in  1830,  and  of  the  mother  a  year  later.    They 
left  nine  children,  six  sons  and  three  daiigliters, 
of  whom  Mr.  Carl  knows  nothing   since   1832. 
at  the  time  of  his  parents'  death,  when  tiie  chil- 
dren were  scattered  among  the  mother's  relatives. 
Thus  doubly  deprived.   Mr.   Carl    turned   his 
eyes  westward,  and  the  excitement  for  emigra- 
tion to  the  extreme  West  being  rife  at  that  time, 
he  was  caught  in   the  stream  of  moving   hu- 
manity.    Accordingly,  in  1852,  he  started  with 
an  ox    team    from    Van    Buren    county,  Iowa, 
bound   for   Multnomah  county,    Oregon.      He 
came  with  Dr.  Joel  Knight,  and   when  he  ar- 
rived at  his  destination,  he  had  nothing  bnt  an 
extremely  poor  suit  of  clothes  which   he  wore, 


UIsrOHY    OF    OHKllDN. 


mill  liiit  willing  liiMidi).  IIo  knew  soiautliing  of 
the  (!iir|)t!iitorrt'  triiilu  itiid  wiis  |)i)hmo8ho(I  iiT  ^ouiI 
lieHltii.  TliiiM  u({iii|)|)u(l  uii  yu|ituinli(ir  13,  185!), 
lie  K()H>?lit  mill  found  work  with  Mr.  l.ewolliii)^ 
neiir  Milwaukee,  on  the  Williiinotte  river.  Kroni 
there  ho  wont  to  (Jliirke  county,  Wiishini^ton, 
where  he  continued  tu  work  »t  hit*  trade  until 
1855,  8|)ending  rnoHtoT  hin  time  in  Vitncouver. 

In  1855  heoiine  to  Vhiu  Hill  county,  working 
tirst  Ht  Amity,  whero  he  linilt  u  house  for  Solo- 
mon Allen.  After  this,  he  came  to  McMinn- 
ville,  wii;  -  he  erected  two  wings  of  the  old 
Haptisl  College,  which  were  each  seventy-two 
feet  in  length. 

In  May,  1860,  he  married  MioH  Mary  Jane 
Stout,  a  native  of  Noble  county,  Ohio,  an  estim- 
able lady,  and  a  daughter  of  a  venerable  pio- 
neer, Jonathan  S'out. 

After  hirt  mar/iai^i;,  he  continued  for  a  couple 
of  yearti  to  work  at  his  trade,  living  a  part  ot 
that  time  on  the  S.  (J.  Addams'  farm,  after 
which  time  he  purchased  the  farm,  where  his 
father-in-law  now  resides.  This  he  afterward 
sold  to  its  present  owner,  and  with  his  wife,  he 
went  to  California,  for  the  henetit  of  her  health. 

He  worked  for  a  year  and  a  half  in  Tuolum- 
ne county,  Califoriiia,  when  ho  went  to  Mono, 
remaining  there  three  years,  when  in  18(i2,  ho 
returned  to  Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  purchased 
the  250  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  has  since  re- 
sided, which  is  located  seven  miles  northwest 
of  McMinnville.  He  has  resided  on  this  prop- 
erty for  thirty  years,  and  has  been  greatly  pros- 
pered, and  ha3  made  many  improvements  on 
the  place,  which  has  added  much  to  its  value. 
He  some  time  afterward  also  purchased  the 
Robinson  farm  of  212J  acres,  with  all  improv>i- 
nients,  and  now  owns  in  all  575  acres  of  as 
choice  agricultural  land  as  is  to  be  found  in  the 
country.  He  is  raising  grain  and  hay,  and  is 
engaged  in  stock-raising  raising  a  cross  of  the 
Clydesdale  horses,  and  a  cross  of  Durham  cattle, 
in  all  of  which  he  has  been  very  successful. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carl  have  four  sons,  all  living. 
A.  W.  is  in  Washington,  where  he  owns  a 
garden  farm,  and  is  fanning;  the  other  three 
sons,  Edwin  S.,  Winter  W.  and  George  H.  are 
still  with  their  father. 

Mr.  Carl  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  was 
one  of  the  early  organizers  of  the  party.  He 
was  a  strong  Union  man  at  the  time  of  the  war. 
He  has  held  the  office  of  County  Commissioner, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  with  ability  and  in- 
tegrity.     He  has  always  been    public-spirited 


and  progressive,  and  was  the  means  of  estab- 
lishing tli<«  r.iili'oiid  station  at  Ciirltoii,  wiiicli 
the  coni|)any  named  in  mojiiory  of  hirt  serv- 
ices in  its  establisliinunt. 

Mr.  Oarl  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  for  more  than  tliirty  years.  Holli  he 
and  his  faithful  wifi^  are  worthy  members  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  and  he  lias  served  as  ('lass 
Leader  and  in  other  ways,  and  has  contributed 
both  of  his  moans  and  inlluenco  to  the  support 
and  growth  of  his  church;  has  held  the  otlice 
of  school  clerk  in  his  school  ilistrict  twelve  years. 

As  with  uU  of  the  pioneers  of  Oregon,  the 
years  of  toil  and  hardships  through  which  it  has 
been  necessary  to  pnss,  before  emorging  into  the 
broad  and  pleasant  ways  of  prosperity,  have  told 
on  Mr.  Carl.  His  life,  hort'over,  has  been  emi- 
nently suoceisful,  both  as  regards  tinancial 
matters,  and  also  with  reference  to  enjoying  the 
esteem  of  his  fellow-men,  as  ivell  as  in  a  tinal 
acf^nittal  at  the  trilnmal  of  his  own  searching 
conscience.  And  thus  v,e  leave  him  and  hia 
devoted  wife,  who  have  traveled  together  life's 
changeful  ways  for  thirty-six  years,  secure  in 
each  other's  atfection  and  the  approval  of  the 
world. 


U.  CHARMAN  was  born  in  Surrey.  En- 
gland, on  the  lOth  of  April.  1843,  and 
1*  in  September,  18-49,  he  with  his  parents 
and  their  family  left  England  for  America,  and 
landed  in  New  York  city  in  October  of  the 
same  year. 

After  a  brief  stay  in  the  metropolis,  his  fam- 
ily went  to  Contreville,  Indiana,  where  he  re- 
mained with  his  parents  uiitil  1851.  I|i  that 
year,  with  his  brothers,  James  and  Frederick, 
he  went  to  Muncie,  Indiana,  to  engage  in  the 
bakery  business  and  learn  the  trade.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  adopted 
State.  After  having  learned  the  trade  of  baker 
he  went  with  his  father,  in  ISfil,  to  Anderson, 
Indiana,  which  had  a  promising  future,  and  for 
twelve  years  they  were  engaged  together  in  the 
bakery  and  grocery  business,  and  met  with  flat- 
tering success,  except  being  burned  out  in  the 
great  tire  of  May,  1876. 

In  1808  he  was  married  to  Miss  Matilda 
Elliott,  the  estimable  and  accomplished  daugh- 
ter of  Mills  Elliott,  a  prosperous  ^tock-raiser  of 
that  State.     The  same  year  Mr.  Charman  was 


664 


IIISTORY    OF    OREOON. 


elected  (3ity  Treasurer  of  Anderson,  and  served 
two  yttars.  In  1872  lie  was  appointed  agent  of 
tlie  American  Kxpress  Company,  and  i-erved 
tiiat  company  until  otlier  bnsiiiess  compelled 
liim  to  resign.  In  1876  he  associated  liimself 
with  J)r.  J.  F.  itrandon,  in  the  drng  business, 
and  continued  in  active  business  in  Anderson 
until  1882,  when  he  and  his  wife  concluded  to 
try  their  fortuucs  in  Oregon,  and  after  locating 
in  ()rei<on  (Mty  he  engaged  in  the  general  mer- 
cantile businees  for  six  years  with  his  brother. 
Major  Thomas  Charman,  and  then  bought  the 
interest  of  his  nephew,  T.  L.  C!harnian,  in  the 
City  DruLf  Store,  where  he  still  continues,  doing 
a  large  and  lucrative  business,  under  the  lirm 
name  of  t'liarman  «fe  Co. 

Ross,  as  ho  is  familiarly  called,  has  made 
many  warm  friends  in  his  new  home,  and  has 
become  a  permanent  Kxture  of  the  town,  be- 
sides his  interest  in  the  drug  business,  Mr. 
Charman  has  accumulated  considerable  prop- 
erly in  the  city  and  country.  He  has  erected  a 
pleasant  residence  on  Seventh  street,  overlook- 
ini;  the  surrounding  country,  which  presents  an 
elegant  view,  seldom  equaled.  In  politics  Mr. 
Charman  is  a  Democrat.  lie  served  a  term  in 
the  City  Council  of  Oregon  City,  and  per- 
formed the  duties  of  the  office  with  integrity 
and  ability. 

He  stands  high  in  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
and  is  a  member  of  Multnomah  Lodge,  No.  1, 
the  oldest  lodge  in  the  West.  Ross  is  a  very 
genial  and  companionable  gentleman,  and  he 
enjoys  a  joke  as  much  perlipps  as  any  living 
man.  He  is  l)enevolent  in  disposition,  just  in 
everything,  and  a  worthy  citizen. 

Thus  has  bnsiiiess  ability  and  honest  dealings 
resulted  in  prosperity  and  universal  good  will, 
in  wiiieh  Mr.  Charman  has  the  best  wishes  of 
all  for  his  future  years. 


M.  HANSON,  deceased,  was  a  native  of 
iJenmark,  who  emigrated  to  America 
[»  when  a  young  man,  and  first  located  in 
Stark  county,  Ohio.  Mr.  Hanson  was  a  shoe- 
maker by  traile,  and  in  18(i5  removed  to  Marion 
county.  Oregon,  where  he  followed  his  profes- 
sion for  several  years.  During  his  residence  in 
this  last  named  county,  he  was  prominently 
identified  with  all  the  interests  of  that  county, 
serving  at  one  time  as  County  Assessor.     lie 


came  to  Oregon  in  1871,  and  was  a  resident  of 
Salem  for  two  years,  subsequently  removing  to 
Benton  county,  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
until  his  death,  June  12,  188'J. 

Mr.  Hanson  was  married  in  Stark  county, 
Ohio,  to  Miss  Barbara  Bencher,  a  native  of 
Switzerland,  whose  parents  came  to  America 
when  she  was  a  child.  They  located  in  Stark 
county,  Ohio,  where  they  lived  and  died.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hanson  were  the  parents  of  six  chil- 
dren, only  one  of  whom  is  now  living,  Clara. 
The  others  were  Emma,  Lydia,  Levy  and  an  in- 
fant daughter,  and  all  of  them  died,  in  1877, 
w'thin  a  week  of  each  other,  of  diphtheria. 

Mrs.  Hanson  and  her  daughter  reside  on  the 
farm,  eight  miles  southwest  of  Co.-vallis.  This 
farm  is  a  tine  one,  consisting  of  200  acres,  140 
of  which  are  devoted  to  grain-growing,  and  the 
balance  to  timber  and  grazing. 

In  the  death  of  Mr.  Hanson,  the  county  lost 
a  good,  true  citizen,  and  the  family  a  devoted 
father  and  husband. 


IlLLlAM  I.  VAWTER.— Among  the 
substantial  institutions  of  southern 
Oregon  is  the  Jackson  County  Bank  of 
Medford,  which  was  established  September  1, 
1888,  and  was  conducted  successfully  as  a  pri- 
vate bank  by  William  I.  Vawter  until  July  1, 
1892,  when  the  capital  stock  was  increased  from 
82.5,000  to  $50,000,  and  incorporated  with  the 
following  named  officers:  William  1.  Vawter, 
president;  William  Slinger,  vice-president; 
G.  W.  Howard,  cashier;  and  J.  E.  Enyart  as 
assistant  cashier.  Exchanges  drawn  on  Port- 
land, San  Francisco  and  New  York.  The  bank 
has  done  a  safe  and  prosperous  business  since 
its  doors  were  thrown  open  to  the  public  and  it 
ranks  among  the  substantial  banking  houses  of 
the  State. 

William  L  Vawter.  wliose  name  heads  the 
official  list,  is  a  native  of  Linn  county,  C>regon, 
born  March  24,  1803.  His  father  emigrated 
from  Indiana  across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  in 
1853.  His  mother  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  and 
also  crossed  the  plains  by  ox  teams,  with  her 
parents,  as  early  as  1840.  Her  pe(>ple  located 
in  the  Willamette  valley,  which  at  that  early 
day  was  populated  with  Indians. 

William  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  na- 
tive State,  graduating  from  the  university  of  the 


HlarOllT    OF    OREGON. 


86S 


State  in  1886,  and  tilled  the  position  of  princi- 
pal in  the  public  schools  in  Eugene,  until  1888, 
when  he  established  the  Jackson  County  Bank, 
at  Med  ford. 

Politically  he  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  party.  lie  is  a 
member  of  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Since  he  became  a 
resident  of  Medford,  he  has  been  closely  iden- 
tified with  the  interests  of  that  city,  and  is 
always  among  the  first  to  give  his  support,  finan- 
cially to  every  public  enterprise  tending  to  de- 
velop the  city.  Although  a  young  man,  he  has 
gained  a  reputation  for  himself  in  the  com- 
munity as  one  of  the  most  itifiuential  and  pro- 
gressive citizens,  as  well  as  an  able  scholar  and 
financier. . 


♦^ 


N^^^^^ 


fLMEll  ELLSWORTH  ClIARMAN,  one 
of  the  most  intelligent  and  progressive 
young  business  men  of  Oregon  City,  is 
one  of  her  native  sons,  liaving  been  born  in 
that  municipality,  September  23,  1861.  His 
lather,  Frederick  Charman,  was  born  in  En- 
gland in  1835,  and  came  to  America  in  1851. 
lie  was  for  three  years  a  merchant  in  Indiana, 
when,  in  1854,  he  came  to  Oregon  City,  em- 
barking in  the  mercantile  business  with  his 
brother,  M.ijoi  Charman,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Charmar.  i'rothers.  He  continued  in  this 
business,  meeting  with  flattering  success,  until 
his  death,  on  December  23,  18(58.  The  faith- 
ful wife,  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  former'.j  a  Miss  Mary  Diller,  and  a  native 
of  Germany,  who  accompanied  her  relatives  to 
Oregon  in  the  early  history  of  the  Territory. 
To  this  marriage  were  born  two  children,  both 
sons,  and  both  born  in  Oregon  City,  Leonard, 
the  other  brother,  being  also  a  prominent  busi- 
ness man  of  this  city. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  at 
the  State  Agricultural  College  at  Corvallis,  at 
which  institution  he  gra<hmted  in  1881,  taking 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  On  returning 
to  this  city,  he  engaged  in  tlie  drug  business, 
and  by  selling  none  but  high-class  goods,  by 
upright  dealing  and  evincing  an  accomiuodating 
spirit,  he  has  sec\ired  a  large  trade  among  the 
most  substantial  citizens  of  the  vicinity.  This, 
however,  is  not  the  only  business  enterprise  in 
which  he  is  engaged.  He  is  more  or  less  in- 
terested in  nearly  all  of  the  money-making  or- 


ganizations  in  the  city,  being  half  owner  and 
manager  of  Clackamas  Heights,  which  is  one  of 
the  best  additions  to  Oregon  City,  his  mother 
owning  the  other  half.     Mr.  Charman  has  built 
a  sign  on  Clackamas  Heights,  which  is  proba- 
bly the  largest  one  ever  erected   in   the  State, 
being  thirteen  feet  high  and  150  feet  long,  bear- 
ing Targe  white  letters,  which  can  be  seen  for 
several  miles  in  every  direction,  and  is  quite  a 
curiosity.      I?esides   being  a   half  owner  of  the 
drug  business  of  Charman  &  Co.,  he  is  a  part- 
ner with    his   brother   in   several   other  enter- 
prises, among  whicii   is  a  large  brickyard,  also 
the  beautiful  suburban   addition  Weslynn,  on 
the  west  side  of  the  river,  and   North   Oregon 
City,  on  the  east  side.    They  are  also  the  build- 
ers and  owners  of  the  Charm.in  Brothers'  l)lock, 
which  is  the  best  business  block  in  the  city,  69  . 
X  72  feet,  three  stories  high,  with  a  basement, 
the   latier  finished    with    concrete   thi-oughout, 
and  the  whole   provided   with  all   modern    im- 
provements,  and    lighted    with   electricity  and 
heated  by  steam.    Their  commodious  and  hand- 
some drug  store,  with  tile  Hoors,  steel  ceiling 
and  beautiful  fixtures,  is  in  this  building,  also 
the  Livermore  Hotel,  the  United  States  Land 
Offices,  besides  other  business  offices.     It  is  he 
who   became   notorious   by   reason    of    putting 
electric  lights  in  his  bed  to  k  ep  his  feet  warm, 
and  in  this  direction  might  give  some  points  to 
the  great  wizard,  Edison.     It  occurrecl    in  this 
manner:     Having  worked  late  at  the  office  over 
his  books,  )ie  went   home,  and    being  cold,   he 
turned  on  the  electric   light,  placing  the  bulb 
under  the  bed  clot  les  at  the  foot,  while  he  got , 
sotr.ithing  to  eat.  finally  returning  to  his  room 
and  removing  the  light,  which  he  turned  off. 
Getting  into  bed,  he  was  soon    asleep,  when  he 
was  awakened  by  burning  his  feet.     Springing 
up,  he  found  the  room  to  be  full  of  smoke,  but 
fortunately  tlie  fire  was  easily  gotten  under  con- 
trol, and  when  thoroughly  extinguished  he  again 
retired,  without   having  aroused    his  wife  and 
litilc  daughter.     Tins,  however,  was  too  good  a 
joke  to  remain  a  secret,  and  coming  to  the  ears 
of  some  one  connected  with  the  Oregonian,  that 
paper  printed  an  article  on  the  subject,  which 
was  copied  by  numerous  papers  throughout  the 
United  States,  while  the  president  of  the  Wil- 
lamette Frtlls   Electric   Light  Company,   P.  F. 
Morey,  wrote  him   a   letter  of   thanks  for  dis- 
covering a  new   use  for  electricity,  as  it  would 
be  a  p<3or  man  who  wonld  not  give  a  dollar  a 
year  to  have  his  feet  kept  warm,  and  he  thought 


5«0 


UISTOHY    Oil'    OREOOtf 


this  new  use  would  result  in  a  large  source  of 
revenue  to  the  company. 

Mr.  Charinan  and  liia  brother  are  efficient 
members  of  the  IJoard  of  Trade,  the  former  being 
one  of  the  oonm.ittee  on  membership.  Many 
new  members  have  been  enrolled  on   their  list. 

Mr.  Charman  was  married  May  14,  1884:,  to 
Miss  Lena  Kershaw,  an  estimable  lady  of  rare 
musical  accomplishments,  and  a  native  of  Nor- 
wich Corners,  New  York  State,  daughter  of 
Mr.  Saiiiuel  Kershaw,  a  native  of  England. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charman  have  traveled  exten- 
sively throughout  the  United  States,  she  having 
visited  Oldham,  England.  They  have  one  child, 
a  charming  little  daughter,  with  the  appropriate 
name  of  June  Marieve.  He  has  a  quarter 
block  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  and  Main  streets, 
where  his  large  and  comfortable  residence  is 
located,  which  is  supplied  with  modern  improve- 
ments and  surroutided  with  a  nice  lawn  dotted 
with  evergreen  trees. 

One  often  hears  of  a  person  being  wedded  to 
a  place,  but  the  relationship  of  Mr.  Charman  to 
his  city  is  even  closer,  as  this  charming  place  is 
more  like  a  parent,  having  witnessed  his  birth 
and  growth  aud  the  successful  enterprises  of  his 
manbood.  He  is  a  creditable  offspring  of  that 
country  and  State,  which  produces  nothing  use- 
less    •  i  "-noble. 


fASI'EIi  UHCJDES,  a  prosprous  farmer 
and  self-made  man  of  Polk  county,  was 
born  in  Nodaway  county,  Missouri,  March 
ly.  1^49.  His  father,  J.  M.  liiiodes,  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  removed  to  Mi880\iri, 
where  he  married  Miss  Susan  Eliott,  a  native  of 
tiiat  State.  They  had  a  family  of  thirteen  chil- 
dren, nine  of  whom  they  brought  with  them  to 
Oregon  when  they  nuule  the  trip  in  1868. 
They  came  direct  to  Polk  county,  and  settled  on 
the  f/uckamute,  on  a  farm  of  3i!0  acres  of  land, 
where  Mr.  Ilhodes,  Sr.,  now  resides  witli  his  good 
wife.  Their  home  is  on  the  Little  Luckamute, 
and  they  are  quiet,  industrious  farmers. 

Our  subject  was  in  his  twentieth  year  when 
he  came  to  Oregon.  He  first  worked  for  wages, 
and  then  rented  a  farm,  and  for  sixteen  years 
followed  that  kinil  of  occupation,  saving  his 
money  and  slowly  prospering.  He  then  pur- 
chased 345  acres  of  land  in  the  bottom,  three 
and  one-half  miles  southeast  of  Independence. 


Two  years  later  he  sold  it  and  purchased  h's 

[)resent  farm  of  320  acres.  He  has  mad*"  this 
and  into  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  his  section. 
Our  subject  was  married  in  ISTU,  to  Miss 
Ella  Helms,  a  native  of  Oregon,  born  June  1, 
1860,  daughter  of  Mr.  Henry  Helms,  ''.ci  Ore- 
gon pioneer.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rhodes  moved  to 
their  present  farm  in  1884,  where  they  have 
since  resided.  Two  children  lave  been  born  to 
them,  namely:  Lester  and  Go  die.  In  politics 
Mr.  Rhodes  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  is  a  worthy 
and  reliable  citizen.  On  his  .'arm  Mr.  Rhodes 
raises  grain  and  stock,  and  is  very  successful  in 
both.  Py  his  own  industry  and  honesty  he  has 
risen  to  his  present  position,  and  lie  is  richly 
deserving  of  liis  prosj)erity.  . 


IFFINGIIAM  SCHIEFFELIN,  a  promi- 
nent farmer,  residing  near  Cornelius, 
Washington  county,  is  a  native  son  of 
Oregon,  born  in  Jackson  county,  Nov.  7,  1857, 
son  of  Clinton  SchiefTelin,  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, but  passed  his  boyhood  in  New  York  and 
Mexico,  attaining  his  majority,  however,  in  his 
native  State.  He  married  Miss  Jane  Walker, 
born  in  Ireland,  but  came  to  America  in  her 
childhood,  and  was  reared  in  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Schieffelin,  Sr.,  came  by  water  in  1'852, 
settling  in  California,  but  in  the  fall  of  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  removed  to  Oregon,  settled  in 
Jackson  county,  and  sent  for  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren. They  came  on  to  Oregon  in  1857,  and 
the  children  that  made  the  trip  were:  Edward 
L.,  Albert  E.  and  Elizabeth  Jane.  The  father 
was  a  farmer,  and  prominent  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  development  of  Jackson  county, 
lie  was  active  and  prompt  in  the  discharge  of 
his  duties  as  a  citizen.  In  politics  he  was  a 
strong  and  intelligent  Itepnblican,  and  was 
twice  nominated  for  a  Representative  to  the 
Legislature,  but  was  defeated,  as  the  county 
was  Democratic  by  a  large  majority.  In  1880 
he  retired  from  active  business,  removed  to  Los 
Angeles,  and  there  resided  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1884.  His  wife  is  still  living,  and 
resides  on  the  old  home  p'ace  in  Loi>  Aii^c'cs, 
Our  subject  whs  the  sixth  chi  i  in  the  fe.". 
ily,  and  was  reared  and  educated  in  -Tuc'  ;0': 
county.  When  he  became  of  age  he  went  to 
Arizona,  and  with  his  brothers,  Edward  L.  and 
Albert  E.,   was  successfully  engaginl   in  qinirtz 


i 


UI8T0RY    OF    OKEGON. 


567 


raining  tor  eighteen  months,  lie  then  retired 
to  Oregon,  and  remained  at  the  old  home  place 
for  two  years,  lie  then  sold  out  and  joined  his 
brothers  in  a  prospecting  tour  to  Alaska.  They 
found  several  good  placer  mines,  but  did  not 
remain  to  work  theyi,  and  returned  to  Califor- 
nia. From  there  he  came  to  Oregon,  settling 
in  Washington  county  in  1884:,  where  Mr. 
Schieffelin  purchased  050  acres  of  land,  three 
miles  north  of  Cornelius,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  On  this  land  he  has  made  mfiny  and 
valuable  improvements,  and  now  has  one  of  the 
finest  farms  in  the  county,  lie  keeps  a  herd  ot 
Jersey  cattle,  and  lias  turned  his  attention  to 
horticulture,  having  planted  sixty  acres  of  IiIf 
farm  in  Bartlett  pears. 

On  the  Ist  of  June,  1884,  our  subject  was 
married  to  Mrs.  Frances  Selatha,  a  native  of  the 
8tate  of  Illinois,  born  May  11,  1859,  daughter 
of  Mr.  George  Beagle.  By  her  tirst  marriage 
Mrs.  Schietielin  had  two  children,  namely: 
William  and  Lillie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Schieffelin 
are  progressive,  liberal  and  hospitable  people, 
who  never  tire  of  entertaining  their  friends  and 
acquaintances.  Socially  they  are  esteemed  and 
respected  throughout  the  entire  county,  in 
politics  our  subject  is  a  Itepublican,  but  gives 
his  entire  attention  to  farming.  He  is  very 
progressive,  and  is  fully  abreast  ot  the  times 
with  regard  to  the  most  improved  methods  of 
farming  and  stock-raising. 

SG.  THOMPSON,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
<>  Mihsouri,  March  17,  1837,  and  lived  in 
Misftuuri  until  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  came  to  Oregon  with  his  parents. 
His  father,  John  W.  Tliompson,  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  17U7,  and  Iuk  parents  moved  to 
Kentucky  in  1801.  Mr.  Tliompson  remained 
with  Ids  parents  until  twenty  years  of  age,  but 
in  1817  he  went  St.  Louie,  Missouri,  and  thence 
to  Franklin  county,  where  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Campbell,  where  he  lived  for  several 
years.  He  then  removed  to  Folk  county,  and 
in  1853  he  came  across  the  plains  to  Oregon  by 
wagon.  lie  stopped  in  I.ane  county,  and  there 
he  died  in  1865,  at  the  age  of  sixty-live  years, 
but  Mrs.  Thompson  died  in  1886,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-eight,  and  they  had  been  kiiid  and  good 
parents  of  four  girls  and  four  boys. 


The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  the  fifth  child, 
and  the  youngest  of  the  boys.  After  ,irriving 
in  Oregon,  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  young  R.  G 
found  occupation  in  assisting  his  father  in  the 
improvement  of  the  farm,  and  in  this  way  did 
not  have  much  opportunity  for  obtaining  any 
schooling,  in  fact  ninety  days  was  all  the  school 
days  he  had,  and  even  this  was  obtained  in  dif- 
ferent schools,  one  term  lasting  in  one  case  just 
seventeen  days.  After  our  subject  had  become 
of  age,  he  shouldered  his  maul,  wedge  and  ax, 
and  with  those  assistants  he  went  into  the  for- 
ests of  Lane  county,  and  there  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  fortune. 

At  the  time  of  the  Indian  outbreak  Mr. 
Thompson  enlisted,  and  went  into  the  war  known 
as  the  Rogue  river  war,  in  1855-'56,  and  served 
in  several  battles,  participating  in  those  of  Cow 
Creek,  Big  Meadow  and  Oak  Flat.  After  the 
Indian  war  our  subject  obtained  the  contract 
lor  the  carrying  of  the  mail  through  the  Wil- 
lamette valley,  and  continued  at  this  until  1859, 
at  which  time  he  had  accumulated  enough  to 
start  a  pack  train.  He  followed  packing  to  the 
mines  of  south  Oregon  until  18G2,  and  then 
came  to  eastern  Oregon,  where  he  carried  on 
packing  four  years.  Later  he  went  into  sheep- 
raising  with  Mr.  Barnhardt,  and  continued  at 
that  until  at  one  time  they  had  38,000  sheep. 
In  1878  the  Indians  became  warlike  again,  and 
he  went  out  to  subdue  them.  There  were  some 
very  hard  tights  in  this  war,  called  the  Ban- 
nock war,  and  our  subject  had  to  tight  with  the 
Umatilla  Indians.  In  1884  he  and  his  part- 
ner sold  their  sheep,  and  bought  a  large  flour- 
ing mill  in  Pendleton,  but  this  investment  did 
not  prove  successful.  Mr.  Thompson  sold  out 
at  a  loss  of  $60,000,  and  then  entered  the  sheep 
business  again.  He  now  has  on  an  average, 
6,000  sheep  on  his  ranch,  and  owns  1,000  acres 
of  land,  wliere  he  farms  and  has  his  sheep 
ranch.  The  pleasant  residence  of  our  subject  is 
located  in  the  east  end  of  Pendleton,  and  he 
also  owns  four  tine  brick  blocks  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Barnhardt,  and  from  these  he  receives 
a  good  income,  and  he  is  the  owner  of  other 
tine  property  and  valuable  stocks. 

Mr.  Thompson  has  been  very  successtul,  al- 
though he  was  obliged  to  begin  at  the  bottom 
of  the  ladder,  owning  nothing  but  his  ax,  maul 
and  wedge.  The  marriage  of  our  subject  took 
place  February  22,  1875,  to  Miss  Leona  Welch, 
who  was  born  in  Lane  county,  Oregon,  and  she 
was  reared  in   Umatilla  county,  a  daughter  of 


a  i 


508 


HISTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


i;   :■ 


•; 


Elijah  and  and  Susan  Welch,  nee  Whitinore, 
natives  of  Illinois,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1852. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  had  iive  children,  but 
two  of  them  have  died;  the  names  of  them 
being:  Mary,  born  December  19,  1875,  and  died 
June  19,  1880;  and  Ida,  born  I'.^tnb<^r  23, 
1877;  Ilattie,  born  November  i  '  "9; 
Claudic,  born  October  30,  1881,  and  'e- 

cember  5, 1880;  and  Edna,  born  January  .,  '4. 
Mr.  Thompson  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
lodge,  botli  Blue  and  Chapter,  and  is  Treasurer 
of  the  Chapter,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  treasurer  of  that  lodge  also. 
Politically  he  is  a  liberal  Democrat,  and  always 
in  his  voting  chooses  the  men  instead  of  the  party. 

|LFRED  LUELLING,  an  honored  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1847,  and  one  of  the  earliest 
nurserymen  of  the  Territory,  was  born 
near  Greensborough,  Henry  county,  Indiana, 
November  30,  1831.  In  the  fall  of  1837  he 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Henry  county,  Iowa, 
where  he  resided  until  he  was  fifteen  yearsof  age. 
His  father,  Henderson  Luelling,  was  a  native 
of  North  Carolina,  where  his  father,  Meshach 
Luelling,  was  also  born,  their  ancestors  being 
originally  from  Wales.  Henderson  Luelling 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Pressnall,  also  a  native 
of  North  Carolina,  and  they  had  ten  children, 
iive  of  whom  are  now  living;  one  in  New  York; 
a  brother  and  two  sisters  in  California;  and  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  In  1847  the  father, 
motiier  and  eight  children  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  They  had  a  pleasant  journey,  and  ar- 
rived safely  at  their  destination,  locating  on  a 
donation  claim  half  a  mile  below  Milwaukee. 
Tlie  father  was  a  nurserytnan  of  intelligence 
and  experiene,  and  hit  upon  a  novel  plan  of 
transporting  a  stock  of  young  plants  across  this 
long  distance.  An  agreement  was  first  made 
with  John  Fislier,  and  William  Meek  was  also  in- 
'brmtd  of  the  plan,  of  which  Mr.  Luelling  was 
the  originator.  In  pursuance  of  his  idea  two 
boxes  were  made  one  foot  deep  and  just  large 
enought  to  fit  into  a  wagon  box.  These  were 
filled  with  compost  and  planted  thickly  with 
young  trees,  a  rack  being  placed  around  the 
boxes  to  protect  the  green  shoots  from  cattle. 
Four  yoke  of  oxen  drew  the  wagon,  and  the 
siirubs  were  carefully  watered.  On  arriving 
at  the  Dalles  the  trees   were   taken    ont  of  the 


boxes  carefully  bundled  and  wrapped,  and  with 
the  wagons,  yokes,  chains  and  household  goods 
loaded  on  to  flat-boats,  built  by  the  emigrants 
for  that  purpose,  and  taken  down  the  Colum- 
bia river  to  a  point  on  the  south  bank  nearly 
opposite  Fort  Vancouver.  ^  Here  the  company 
remained  in  camp  al)out  four  weeks  and  then 
moved  to  a  cabin  standing  on  the  high  bank 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Willamette  river  not 
far  from  the  intersection  of  East  Oak  and 
Third  streets,  Portland.  From  there  the  father 
examined  the  country  around  and  finally  de- 
cided to  locate  on  a  land  claim  purchased  of 
Mr.  Wilson,  one-half  mile  below  Milwaukee 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Willamette  river. 
The  family  moved  on  to  this  land  as  soon  as 
possible,  prepared  ground  and  planted  the 
trees,  which  grew  luxuriantly.  Owing  to  the 
company  having  been  detained  a  little  in  get- 
ting off,  Mr.  Meek,  who  started  on  time  arrived 
in  Oregon  a  short  time  before  the  rest,  and,  as 
he  said,  "for  fear  that  something  might  occur  to 
defeat  the  enterprise"  undertaken  by  Mr.  Luell- 
ing and  Mr.  Fisher,  he  at  the  last  moment 
planted  a  few  small  grafts  in  a  box,  such  as  is 
often  carried  on  the  hind  end  of  the  wagon  bed 
for  a  feed  box.  This  he  attached  firmly  to 
the  wagon  and  in  this  manner  succeeded  in 
saving  about  twenty  trees,  which  he  planted 
on  a  claim  in  the  forks  of  the  Santiam, 
known  as  the  Grimes  place,  where  they  re- 
mained during  the  summer  of  1848.  These 
were  the  first  cultivated  fruit  trees  that  reached 
the  I'acific  coast.  There  were  some  seedling 
apple  trees  at  the  Catholic  Mission,  on  the 
l<reiich  prairie,  at  Fort  Vancouver,  and  possibly 
at  other  points  in  Oregon.  And  also  at  some 
of  the  missions  in  California,  they  had  both  ap- 
ple and  pear  trees  (seedlingsV  which  bore  fruit 
of  fair  quality.  It  was  in  tlie  summer  of  1848 
that  a  partnership  was  entered  into  by  Hender- 
son Luelling  and  Wm.  Meek,  with  a  view  to 
carrying  on  a  general  business,  including  nur- 
sery and  milling.  On  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
California,  and  becoming  known  in  Oregon,  it 
was  arranged  by  the  firm  that  Meek  should  take 
a  wagon  and  four  yoke  of  cattle  and  go  to  the 
mines  and  Mr.  Luelling  was  to  accompany  him. 
Arrangements  were  hurriedly  made,  and  on  the 
9th  day  of  September  they  started  and  arrived 
at  Laeson's  ranch,  in  the  Sacramento  valley,  Oc- 
tol)er  28,  1848.  They  worked  in  the  mines  at 
various  points  from  beather  river  to  the  Tuo- 
lumne until  the  following  May,  when  they  sold 


HISTOUr    OF    OREGON. 


568 


out  their  team  and  other  effects  and  returned 
liome  by  sailing  vessel  from  San  Francisco,  ar- 
riving early  in  July,  1849. 

Mr.  Luelling  calculates  there  were  500  trees 
brought  through  alive,  and  some  of  the  original 
Btock  can  still  be  seen  growing  at  Milwaukee. 
His  father  received  in  San  Francisco  at  one 
time,  $5  for  a  single  pear.  In  1854  lie  removed 
to  California,  where  he  made  his  home,  prin- 
cipally, until  the  time  of  his  death,  December 
28,  1879.  He  was  also  a  pioneer  in  the  saw 
and  flour  mill  business,  at  Milwaukee,  ships 
conveying  the  lumber  from  that  city  to  San 
Francisco.  He  was  a  man  of  superior  ability, 
thoroughly  honorable  in  all  his  dealings,  and  of 
a  kindly  disposition,  and  was  highly  esteemed 
by  all  who  knew  him. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  In- 
diana and  Iowa,  until  he  was  tifteen  years  of 
age,  receiving  his  education  principally  in  the 
schools  of  Iowa,  and  learned  the  nursery  busi- 
ness. At  the  age  mentioned,  he  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Oregon,  where  he  assisted  his 
father  in  his  business  generally,  and  by  travel- 
ing over  the  valley  and  selling  trees. 

He  was  married  in  1851,  to  Miss  Mary 
E.  Campbell,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native 
of  Massachusetts.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Hector  Campbell,  who  came  overland  to  Oregon 
in  1849,  and  took  a  donation  claim  at  Milwau- 
kee. Mr.  Campbell  died  in  1873,  his  faithful 
wife  having  died  one  year  before.  They  were 
the  parents  of  eleven  children,  six  of  whom 
made  thai  long  journey  from  Massachusetts  to 
Oregon.  Fvechildrer  are  now  living,  three  of 
whom  reside  in  East  Portland,  one  in  Idaho,  and 
Mrs.  Luelling. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Luelling  have  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living:  A.  W.,  the  oldest 
son,  resides  in  East  Portland;  Annie  N.  married 
Mr.  VV.  fl.  McEldowney  and  died  in  her  twenty- 
fourth  year,  leaving  two  children;  Ellen  is  the 
wife  of  Dr.  J.  W.  (rivens,  superintendent  of  the 
insane  asylum  at  Blackfoot,  Idaho;  Charles  re- 
sides near  Cauby,  Oregon;  John  is  in  Califor- 
nia; Jane  11.,  Olive  and  Seth  I*,  reside  with 
their  parents  on  a  portion  of  the  original  dona- 
tion claim  of  Mrs.  liuelling's  father.  When  her 
father  located  on  this  land  it  was  a  dense  forest 
of  extremely  high  tree?,  and  the  work  of  clear- 
ing it,  which  her  father  accomplished,  was 
something  stupendous.  Although  Milwaukee 
did  not  becouje  the  city  it  was  hoped  it  would, 
yet  by  its  many  good  farms  it  presents  a  very 


different  appearance  from  that  which  greeted 
the  pioneer,  who  built  his  home  in  the  dense 
woods,  where,  when  an  acre  of  timber  was  felled, 
it  covered  the  ground  in  an  immense  pile. 

Mr.  Luelling  resided  in  Washington  county 
from  1862  until  1878,  and  while  there  he  was 
twice  elected  to  the  position  of  Clerk  of  the 
County,  and  was  also  elected  County  Commis- 
sioner, in  both  of  which  capacities  he  discharged 
his  duties  with  ability  and  integrity. 

lie  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity for  twenty-five  years.  He  is  a  Quaker, 
and  still  adheres  to  some  of  the  ideas  and  be- 
liefs of  that  society. 

Mr.  Luelling's  biography  would  be  an  excel- 
lent lesson  for  all  self-supporting  young  men  to 
study,  as  exemplifying  the  force  of  persistent 
industry,  intelligently  applied,  coupled  with 
upright  dealing  and  courteous  manners;  which 
(juaiities  have  secured  for  him,  not  only  finan- 
cial success,  but  also  the  favorable  regard  of  his 
fellow- men. 


'HOMAS  A.  WARD,  one  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  the  Dalles  was  born  in  Grant 
county,  Wisconsin,  October  17, 1845,  and 
is  the  third  child  of  J.  H.  and  Elizabeth  (Bain- 
bridge)  Ward,  native  of  Kentucky,  while  the 
father  was  a  native  of  New  York.  Soon  after 
the  birth  of  our  subject  Mr.  Ward  removed  to 
Missouri  and  remained  there  until  1850,  when 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  California.  He  did  not 
take  his  family  with  him  as  he  wished  to  rind  a 
place  for  them,  and  the  year  of  1857  the  family 
followed,  going  by  way  of  Isthmus.  In  ISfiO 
they  moved  to  Nevada  where  they  remained 
two  years  and  then  came  to  Oregon  and  set- 
tled in  Crow's  Hollow,  sixty  miles  from  the 
Dalles,  where  he  died  in  1888,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-two  years.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
still  survives  and  lives  with  her  son  Thomas. 
Five  children  were  born  to  ]\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Ward, 
three  of  these  are  still  living. 

Thomas  A.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  re- 
ceived as  good  an  education  as  couhl  be  ex- 
pected as  the  removals  of  the  family  were  so 
frequent.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began 
to  drive  stage  all  over  eastern  Oregon  and 
Idaho  and  foliowed  that  nnui  187(5,  when  he 
was  married  to  Mary  L.  Kerns.  At  that  time 
he  took  up  a  claim  and  commenced  to  farm,  liv- 


I 

I  li 


570 


UIsrOBY    OF    OREGON. 


incT  on  liis  o'.vn  ranch  tor  nine  years.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  lie  sold  his  land  and  removed 
to  tlie  Dalles,  j^oiug  into  the  livery  business  and 
continuing  in  that  until  August,  1892.  when  he 
sold  ont  and  turned  his  whole  attention  to  his 
otHce  having  been  elected  to  the  office  of 
County  Sheriff  at  that  time  by  the  Democratic 
party.  Although  he  lives  in  a  Republican 
county  he  received  a  handsome  majority  as  he 
is  very  popular. 

The  marriage  oC  Mr.  Ward  took  place  in 
1867,  to  Miss  Mary  L.  Iverns,  a  native  of  Ore- 
gon, and  a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Kerns, 
who  were  early  settlers  from  the  East  in  Port- 
land. The  nameh  of  three  children  of  our  sub- 
ject and  wife  are;  Elmer  T.,  Ilex  Allen,  and 
Lullu  Lois. 


^ON.  JAMES  A.  FEE,  one  of  the  judges  of 
the  Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Oregon  was 
born  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  April  29, 
1857.  He  is  the  third  in  a  family  of  seven 
children,  born  to  O.  W.  and  Margnretta  Fee. 
The  father,  who  at  that  time  was  engaged  in 
the  oc(;iipation  of  a  farmer,  removed  with  his 
fatnily  to  Iowa,  in  1865,  where  he  resided  until 
1873,  when  he  removed  to  San  Jose,  California. 

Our  subject  received  his  education  in  Iowa 
and  California.  Having  attended  the  high 
school  at  Waterloo,  in  his  fifteenth  year  he  was 
sent  to  the  Upper  Iowa  University,  at  Fayette, 
which  was  then  under  the  dominion  of  the 
Methodists  and  was  one  of  the  leading  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  State.  Soon  after  the 
removal  of  his  family  to  California  he  followed 
and  was  entered  as  a  student  at  the  San  Jose 
Institute.  After  leaving  here  he  pursued  his 
studies  for  two  years  under  a  private  instructor 
and  then  took  a  course  in  the  Garden  City  Busi- 
ness College  of  California.  In  1880  he  came 
to  Washington  and  chose  the  profession  of  law 
as  his  life-work.  Mr.  Fee  pursued  his  legal 
studies  under  Hon.  T.  J.  Anders,  of  Walla 
"Walla,  Washington,  VAnel  Justice  of  the.  Su- 
pren)e  Court  of  that  State,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1883.  He  then  located  at  Fendleton, 
Oregon,  established  an  ofHce  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  met  witli 
reasonable  success  as  a  practitioner. 

Upon  locating  at  Pendleton  he  joined  the 
volunteer  fire  department,  and  has  ever  since 


been  an  active  member  of  that  body,  having 
served  one  term  as  its  chief  and  being  chosen 
by  a  uruminious  vote.  He  also  served  in  the 
militia  of  Oregon  and  was  selected  one  of  the 
Lieuteuants  of  Company  B,  Third  liegiment. 
While  in  attendat\ce  upon  a  convention  of  the 
officers  of  the  State  Militia  that  met  in  the 
spring  of  1888,  at  Portland,  and  serving  also  as 
a  delegate  to  the  Republican  State  Convention 
that  met  at  the  same  time  and  place  he  re- 
ceived the  nomination  of  his  party  as  Circuit 
Judge  and  was  elected  in  June  of  that  year,  for 
a  term  of  six  years,  with  the  handsome  majority 
of  over  3U0  in  a  district  where  the  Democrats 
had  a  majority  of  about  2,500. 

For  a  time  prior  to  his  election  as  Judge,  Mr. 
Fee  was  associated  with  Hon.  J.  B.  Eddy  in  the 
publication  of  the  Pendleton  Tribune,  having 
charge  of  its  editorial  columns.  His  style  was 
characteriEed  by  boldness  and  vigor  of  expres- 
sion. In  June,  1887,  Judge  Fee  was  married  to 
Miss  Rosa  Maney,  of  Walla  Walla,  Washington, 
who  was  a  native  of  that  State,  having  been 
born  at  Vancouver.  One  child  has  been  born 
to  them,  James  Alger  Fee,  born  September,  1888. 

Mr.  Fee  is  essentially  a  self-made  man,  having 
earned  the  means  to  secure  his  education  and  to 
assist  in  the  maintenance  of  a  large  family. 

;ORDEN  HATHAWAY,  one  of  the 
leading  farmers  of  Union  county,  was 
born  in  Ogle  county,  Illinois,  in  1844. 
His  father,  Robert  M.  Hathaway,  married  Ruby 
W.  Lucas  and  botJi  of  them  were  natives  of 
Massachusetts,  where  they  were  married.  In 
1848  they  removed  to  Illinois.  The  occupation 
of  Mr.  Hathaway,  Sr.,  was  that  of  blacksmith  on 
board  of  a  whaling  vessel, his  longest  voyage  being 
four  years  long  and  his  shortest,  three  years. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hathaway  had  eight  children 
born  to  them,  only  four  of  whom  are  now  living, 
of'  whom  our  subject  is  the  second  born. 

Our  subject,  like  many  other  brave  hoys  of 
that  time,  enliated  September  4,  1862,  in  the 
Ninety-second  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and 
served  until  June  10,  1865,  participating  in 
forty-two  Ijattles  and  skirmishes  while  in  the 
service.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga, 
Atlanta,  Peach  Tree  Creek  and  Aikens,  South 
Carolina,  whore  he  had  eleven  balls  pass  thronirh 
his  overcoat,  although  not  a  single  one  touched 


nrsronr  of  oregon. 


871 


him.  He  also  was  in  many  other  smaller  bat- 
tles, but  was  never  captured  or  wounded  during 
his  entire  service. 

After  the  war  Mr.  Hathaway  returned  to  his 
old  home  and  worked  his  father's  farm  until 
1867,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregun,  in 
a  wagon.  His  first  settlement  was  in  Grande 
lionde  valley,  near  Union.  When  he  reached 
here  he  had  just  t>15  in  his  pocket,  so  he  en- 
engaged  in  work  for  others  until  1874,  do- 
ing farm  labor. 

In  1874  Mr.  Hathaway  and  Miss  Eliza  Wil- 
kerson  svere  made  one.  This  lady  was  born  in 
Illinois,  in  1852,  and  came  to  Oregon  with  her 
parents  when  about  twelve  years  of  age.  Her 
parents  are  now  residing  in  High  Valley,  and 
are  t)oth  eighty-four  years  of  age.  After  the 
marriage  of  Mr.  Hathaway  he  removed  to  High 
Valley  and  took  up  a  claim  of  land,  and  now 
owns  320  acres  of  fine  land,  on  w!uch  he  has 
erected  a  good  residence.  The  land  is  all  well 
improved  and  he  handles  horses,  cattle  and 
hogs.  A  portion  of  his  land  is  planted  to  fruit. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hathaway  have  liad  eight  chil- 
dren, of  whom  three  are  now  dead,  those  living 
are:  Robert  M.,  Andrew  E.,  Ruby  Matilda, 
Mary  Ellen  and  liessie  May.  Mr.  Hathaway  is 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.'  Freston  Post,  No. 
18,  of  Union.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  he  and  his  faithful  wife 
are  members  of  the  best  society  offered  by  the 
farmer  regions  of  Union  county.  They  are 
greatly  respected  by  all  who  know  them. 


111.  EMMA  J.  WELTY,  of  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, a  well-known  and  popular  physician 
and  estimable  lady  who  has  gained  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice  in  the  city  by  her 
energy,  painstaking  and  thorough  knowledge  of 
her  work,  was  born  in  Gettysburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania. Her  ancestors  came  from  Prussia  to 
America  in  1775,  settling  in  the  latter  city, 
where  John  Welty,  her  father,  was  born  and 
reared  and  afterward  married  to  Sebelo  Hohn, 
of  Maryland. 

Emma,  their  only  child,  was  reared  in  her 
native  city  and  attended  the  Gettysburg  Normal 
School,  with  a  view  to  preparing  herself  for  the 
profession  of  teaching.  Gifted  with  an  ambi- 
tious spirit,  however,  she  turned  to  the  study  of 
medicine,  as  affording  niore  scope  for  its  grati- 


fication, and  .began  to  read  in  this  line  of  study 
under  the  preceptorsliip  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Marsden, 
of  Pennsylvania.  This  she  continued  for  two 
years  under  Dr.  Winsiow,  in  Washington.  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  and  the  Doctors  Gleason,  at 
the  water-cure  sanitarium,  in  Elmira,  New 
York.  She  then  took  a  three  years"  course  in 
the  medical  department  of  the  Boston  Univer- 
sity, graduating  in  1880  with  gratifying  honors. 
She  then  began  to  jjractice  in  Boston,  at  the 
same  time  pursuing  her  studies  in  the  clinical 
department  of  the  university,  and  was  thus  oc- 
cupied until  1886.  Such  persistent  and  con- 
tinuous application  had  made,  by  this  time,  se-  • 
rious  inroads  on  her  health,  and,  in  casting  about 
for  a  salutary  location,  she  selected  her  present 
place  of  residence. 

She  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  comfortable 
and  cultivated  home,  with  office  at  No.  321 
Montgomery  street,  Portland,  and  during  her 
six  years'  residence  has  built  up  a  lucrative 
practice  and  gained  the  friendship  of  many 
worthy  people.  She  is  blessed  in  the  society 
of  her  mother,  who  resides  with  her,  now  at  the 
age  of  fifty-six  years.  The  Doctor  had  the  mis- 
fortune to  lose  her  father  when  she  was  a  child. 
Dr.  Welty  is  an  active  member  of  the  Ptate 
and  county  societies  of  her  school  of  medicine, 
and  is  at  present  the  efficient  Secretary  of  the 
Multnomah  County  Homeopathic  Society.  She 
advocates  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party 
as  those  best  calculated  to  benefit  the  country. 
While  she  does  not  belong  to  any  religious  de- 
nomination, she  is  essentially  a  Christian  wo- 
man. Her  mother  is  a  worthy  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church. 

Thus  briefly  are  stated  the  most  prominent 
events  of  an  eminently  busy  and  useful  career, 
whose  mission  has  been  to  carry  healing  and 
comfort  to  her  fellow-beings. 

I"  ,§?*■  "•••'— ^-^i^-  ■"'V-:— ^+'  ^^^  § 

J.  WALKER,  of  Gaston,  ')regon,  is  a 
veteran  of  the  Mexican  wi  and  an  Ore- 
*  gon  pioneer  of  1851.  He  was  born  in 
Bond  county,  Illinois,  February  14,  1830.  His 
father,  Thomas  Walker,  was  a  native  of  North 
Carolina,  born  in  1778,  and  married  in  1819, 
to  Miss  Cynthia  Enloe,  a  native  of  North  Car- 
olina, born  in  1780.  (Trandfather  Walker  and 
family,  including  our  subject's  father,  moved  to 
Illinois   in    1822,   and    were  pioneers  of   that 


i 


673 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


I- 


II 


llli  Ijlf  !l 


I 


l:!; 


State.  Mr.  Walker's  j)(ireiits  had  jii'ie  chililreii, 
of  whom  four  are  now  living.  The  mother  died 
in  1837  and  the  father  removed  to  Wisconsin, 
where  his  death  occurred  in  1844,  in  the  si.\tj- 
second  year  of  his  existence.  In  religion  he 
was  a  Universalist,  while  his  wife  was  a  Pres- 
byterian, and  they  were  both  upright,  honorable 
people. 

()ur  subject  was  reared  in  Illinois,  in  Bond 
and  Madison  counties,  and  in  his  seventeenth 
year,  in  1847,  he  enlisted  in  the  Mexican  war. 
At  the  close  of  this  conflict  he  returned  home, 
and  in  1849  went  to  Wisconsin,  attended  school 
six  months  and  worked  for  wages  until  April, 
1851,  when  he  started  for  Oregon,  making  a 
safe  journey,  untroubled  by  Indians,  as  the 
company  was  a  hi  ■"•,  one,  composed  of  twenty- 
eigiit  wagons.  Mr.  Walker  drove  an  ox  team 
for  Mr.  David  JS'ewson,  for  his  board,  and  thus 
oa;iie  on  foot  all  the  way.  When  they  arrived 
at  the  Columbia,  he,  with  others,  went  down 
the  trail  to  Portland,  where  they  arrived  Octo- 
ber 11.  His  first  work  in  Oregon  wis  to  assist 
to  build  a  log  wharf  for  Captain  Couch,  the 
tirst  one  erected  in  that  city.  For  this  work  he 
was  paid  $3  per  day.  His  next  engagement 
was  to  load  the  Louisiana  Portland  witli  spars 
for  Ciiina.  Mr.  Walker  remained  in  Portland 
until  the  last  of  February,  1852,  when  he  went 
to  the  mines  in  Jackson  county,  where  he  was 
fairly  successful,  and  remained  until  1854,  when 
he  removed  to  Douglas  county  and  bought  land 
in  the  Umpqua  valley,  consisting  of  160  acres 
of  tine  land,  on  which  he  remained  about  three 
years.  lie  then  sold  it  and  engaged  in  the 
stock  business,  after  which  he  went  to  the  Flor- 
ence mines,  Idaho,  remaining  there  ten  months, 
during  which  time  he  met  with  fair  success. 
He  then  returned  to  Douglas  county,  and  en- 
gaged in  raiding  sheep  successfully  for  four 
years,  after  which  he  went  to  eastern  Oregon 
and  engaged  in  raising  cattle  and  horses.  Here 
he  remained  three  years,  then  removed  to  Wash 
ington  county,  purchased  160  acres  of  land,  one 
and  one-fourth  miles  east  of  Gaston. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1884,  to  Mrs. 
Eunice  lirock,  a  native  of  Ohio,  who  had  three 
children  by  her  tirst  husband,  Geoige  Brock, 
namely;  James;  Florence  D.,  now  Mrs.  II.  D. 
Bryant,  resides  in  Forest  Grove;  and  W.  E.,  a 
druggist  in  Ilillsboro.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
in  which  he  has  been  both  Class  Leader  and 
Steward.     He  helped  organize  the  Farmers'  Al- 


liance and  is  one  of  its  charter  members.  Our 
subject  has  always  been  an  ardent  Republican, 
and  while  in  Douglas  county,  helped  organize 
the  Republican  party  there,  and  has  since  taken 
an  active  interest  in  all  the  offices  of  the  county, 
but  has  not  sought  or  held  any  of  them. 

Mrs.  Walker  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Gaston 
Hotel,  and  slie  and  her  husband  have  operated 
it  for  many  years.  Her  parents  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1846,  and  are  well-known  and  popular 
citizens  of  Washington  county.  Our  subject 
and  his  good  wife  are  model  hosts  and  their 
hotel  is  justly  popular  throughout  the  county. 


-=4* 


**- 


tENRY  MILLER  is  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1853,  and  also  the  pioneer  florist  of  the 
State.  He  was  born  in  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, in  December,  1814,  pnewing  his  boyhood 
with  his  parents  ami  securing  an  academic  edu- 
cation; in  1833  he  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  to  join  his  brothers,  William  and  Fran- 
cis, then  living  in  Mercer  county,  Ohio.  With 
them  our  subject  lived  and  farmed  until  1837, 
when  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Shulte,  a 
native  of  Germany.  He  then  farmed  in  Elk- 
hart county  until  1839,  when  he  removed  to 
Allen  county,  Itidiana,  locating  near  Fort 
Wayne,  and  there  continued  general  farming 
until  his  emigration  to  the  Pacific  coast.  lie 
was  very  prominent  in  Allen  county  and  filled 
many  public  offices. 

In  the  spring  of  1853,  with  his  wife  and  fam- 
ily of  seven  children,  comfortably  arranged  in 
two  wagons,  with  motive  power  of  seven  yoke 
of  oxen,  he  started  upon  his  long  journey  to 
Oregon.  The  journey  consumed  six  months, 
but  having  good  guides  they  never  lacked  for 
water  or  fuel,  nor  had  any  trouble  with  the  In- 
dians. They  crossed  the  Cascade  mountains 
and  landed  at  Foster's,  all  in  good  spirits  and 
health.  Proceeding  to  Milwaukee,  Mr.  Miller 
settled  upon  320  acres  of  land  near  the  town  and 
began  working  for  Messrs.  Llewellyn  and  Meek, 
the  pioneer  orchardists  and  nurserymen  of  the 
valley,  and  owners  of  two  sections  of  land. 
Subseijuently  Messrs.  Miller  and  J.  II.  Lam- 
bert purchased  the  Meek  interest  and  Llewellyn 
sold  Ills  interest  to  Henry  Eddy,  and  the  firm  of 
Miller  &  Lambert  continued  the  business  of 
orchardist.  The  orchard  numbered  100  acres, 
which  was  increased  to  150  acres.     AppV    were 


irisToiir  OF  oiiKOON. 


678 


1)1 


shippod  to  San  KrnnciBCO  and  coniinandcd  high 
prices,  tlie  returns  one  year  amounting  to  ^10,- 
UOO,  and  using  100,000  feet  of  lumber  for  boxes 
in  one  year.  In  185(5  a  single  box  netted  !i(t)2. 
They  did  a  large  and  profital)le  business.  In  1855 
Mr.  Miller  started  the  business  of  florist,  itn- 
orting  flowers  and  seeds  from  Iioston,  which 
jusiness  he  continued  with  great  suiicess  until 
1870,  when  the  raneh  was  divided,  he  selling 
his  interest  and  removing  his  plants  and  shrub- 
bery to  Portland  and  locating  on  Jefferson 
street,  between  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth 
streets,  where  he  purchased  two  blocks  of  land, 
and  has  continued  the  business,  building  the 
necessary  greenhouses  and  giving  the  business 
his  entire  attention,  importing  many  rare  plants 
from  France  and  bulbs  from  Holland.  He  also 
imported  the  Italian  Prune,  which  is  now  such 
a  profitable  industry,  millions  of  which  trees 
have  been,  and  are  now  being  set  out.  With 
increasing  years,  Mr.  Miller  has  gradually  with- 
drawn from  the  business,  which  is  being  con- 
ducted by  his  son.  Frank  W.,  in  connection 
with  his  seed  store. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller  have  eigiit  children, 
namely:  (Mementine,  now  Mrs.  J.  II.  Lambert, 
wife  of  a  banker  of  East  Portland;  Amelia, 
widow  of  C.  M.  Rhor;  Arthur;  Laura,  widow  of 
John  Roberts;  Henrietta,  wife  of  J.  I?.  Stone, 
banker  of  Walla  Walla;  Sarah,  now  Mrs.  S.  T. 
Davis;  Augusta,  at  home;  and  Frank  W.  These 
children,  thirty-six  grandchildren  and  six  great- 
grandchildren round  up  the  lives  of  the  grand- 
parents with  great  joy  and  gratitude.  The 
golden  wedding  was  celebrated  in  1887,  to  which 
the  children  and  twenty-six  of  the  grandchildren 
assembled  and  the  occasion  was  one  of  great 
happiness.  The  old  parents  are  still  in  the 
enjoyment  of  health  and  usefulness,  surrounded 
by  every  comfort,  brightened  by  the  prattle  of 
the  little  ones  and  passing  a  sweet  and  peaceful 
old  age. 


— =S^' 


*•«=- 


fLOEWENBERG.— No  more  important 
part  is  played  by  any  feature  of  the  com- 
*  mercial  world  than  by  the  financial  ele- 
ment which  governs  and  controls  the  banking 
interests  of  every  city.  To  those  positions  of 
trust  and  honor  are  raised  gentlemen  of  success- 
ful business  experience,  who  combine  elements 
of  integrity,  sagacity  and  conservatism,  which 
80 


properly  blended  make  up  the  financier.  Among 
the  class  elevated  to  this  [jo.iition  we  find  the 
subject  of  tills  sketch,  jiresidont  of  the  Mer- 
chants' liank  of  Portland,  which  dates  its 
organization,  .lune  l-i,  1880,  yet  is  already 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  solid  financial 
institutions  of  the  Northwest. 

^Ir.  Loewenberg  was  born  in  Prussia,  Ger- 
many, 1833,  where  for  genenitions  his  ancestry 
had  been  present  and  renowned  among  the  repre- 
sentative men  of  the  county.  He  improved  his 
educational  facilities,  and  was  rearecl  to  the 
habits  of  industry  and  enterprise.  At  the  age 
of  eighteeon  years  he  emigrated  at  the  United 
States,  seeking  the  broader  Held  of  America, 
within  whose  borders  ho  sought  to  gain  natne, 
fortune  and  fame.  Landing  in  New  York  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Schenectady,  where  for  three  years  he 
was  employed  in  a  country  store,  learning  the 
language  of  the  country  and  the  American  sys- 
tem of  doing  business.  As  the  Pacific  coast 
was  offering  vast  opportunities  to  the  active 
business  he  decided  to  cast  his  lot  with  that 
more  jirogressive  peojile,  ami  in  1854  he  re- 
turned to  New  York,  thence  via  steamer  and 
the  Nicaragua  route  and  arrived  in  San  Fran- 
cisco of  that  year.  Procuring  a  clerkship  in 
that  city  he  continued  his  business  education 
until  1857.  when  he  came  to  Portland  and 
formed  a  copartnership  with  Mr.  Saidnerin  the 
general  merchandise  business,  and  in  185'J  they 
opened  a  branch  store  at  the  Cascades,  l)ut  after 
one  year,  on  account  of  insufficient  business 
their  goods  were  packed,  and  they  removed  to 
the  mining  camp  at  Orefena,  Idaho,  Mr.  Loew- 
enberg continuing  in  charge.  In  1864  the 
firm  of  Saidner  &  Loewenberg  was  dissolved, 
the  latter  keeping  the  Orefena  stock.  In  1868 
Mr.  Loewenberg  brought  from  Germany  his 
two  brothers,  Herman  and  Abraham,  and  the 
firm  of  Loewenberg  i5ros.  was  organized,  of 
which  business  Herman  finally  became  the 
proprietor.  The  business  was  successfully  con- 
tinued at  Lewiston,  until  1883,  when  they  re- 
moved the  stock  to  Spokane  Falls,  where  they 
are  at  present  located,  subject  still  locating  his 
interest  in  the  business.  In  1871  Mr.  Loewen- 
berg returned  to  Portland,  and  with  Philip 
Goldsmith,  the  copartnership  of  Goldsmith  & 
Loewenberg  was  organized  to  engage  in  the 
general  hardware  business,  which  was  continued 
with  marked  success.  As  a  nmtter  of  invest- 
ment, in  1883,  Mr.  Loewenberg  Ijecamc  one  of 
tlie  organizers  of  and  incorporators  of  the  Wil- 


574 


HltiTOHY    OF    OliKUON. 


ct" 


liiiiK^ttu  SnvinjrH  i'nnk,  and  was  I'lected  to  the 
lioiinl  1)1'  iMaiiauers.  In  188")  lio  witlidn^w  from 
tlie  tirm  of  (ioldxmitli  it  LoewfiiU'i'i;  ho  as  to 
i'iial)le  liiin  to  give  more  attention  to  inveat- 
meiits  and  lianliinfj;  business.  Under  its  al)le 
management  tlio  history  of  tlie  Willamette  Sav- 
in;js  Hank  was  one  of  rapid  growth  and  develop- 
inent  and  on  accronnt  of  the  large  amount  of 
comtnereial  Inisiness  transacted  it  was  deemed 
til  reorganize  as  a  national,  which  was  perfected 
and  incorporated  July  '2(),  188(),  as  the  Mer- 
ciumts'  National  Hank,  witii  a  paid-up  capital  of 
.^l()0,00().  Mr.  Loeweiiherg,  being  relected 
vice-president  in  1888.  lie  thfU  invested  in 
the  Northwest  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Goin- 
pany,  and  was  elected  president,  which  olHce  he 
still  (occupies.  The  business  of  the  l)ank  l)e- 
coming  so  great  and  demands  so  numerous,  in 
Octolier,  181)0,  the  capital  was  raised  from  §100- 
000  to  $1,000,000,  and  at  the  next  election  in 
Janmiry,  1891,  Mr.  Loewenberg  became  its 
honored  president,  being  justly  considered  to 
be  a  man  tilted  for  the  idgh  position.  In  the 
organization  of  the  city  water  works,  in  1801, 
Mr.  Li>ewenberg  was  chosen  one  of  the  com- 
mittee of  fifteen  to  iiave  the  management  of  the 
entire  interest. 

Mr.  Loewenberg  was  married  in  Portland,  in 
1871,  to  Miss  Bertha  Kuhn,  a  native  of  IJavaria, 
and  they  have  had  four  children:  Ida,  Zerleana, 
Itiise  and  Sidney  B.  The  family  reside  upon 
Cedar  Hill,  where  Jlr.  I.oewenberg  has  just 
couipleted  a  substantial  and  spacious  stone  res- 
idence. 

In  every  public  enterprise  Mr.  Loewenberg 
is  found  on  the  side  of  development  and  prog- 
ress, respected  by  all  who  know  him,  and  with 
his  clear  foresight  and  keen  judgment  he  is 
regarded  by  Portland's  business  community  as 
one  of  her  shrewd  and  successful  financiers. 


fEOKGE  C.  SEA  US,  Assessor  of  Multnomah 
connty,  Oregon,  is  our  subject.  lie  was 
born  in  Ilichford,  Franklin  county,  Ver- 
mont, in  1841.  His  ancestry  settled  in  New- 
England  ])rior  to  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
his  mother  was  of  the  Carlton  family,  they  be- 
ing early  distinguished  settlers,  in  military  and 
business  affairs.  Our  subject's  father,  lion.  Al- 
din  Sears,  was  a  man  of  great  prominence  in 
northern    Vermont,  engaging  quite  extensively 


in  manufacturing  and  serving  the  State  in  the 
Legislature  and  (Custom  House  Department. 
By  nature  he  wa.s  a  mechanic,  and  during  the 
gold  excitement  of  California  lie  came  to  the 
State,  arriving  in  1850.  He  then  located  at 
Columbia,  Tuolumne  county,  and  as  a  con- 
tractor, he  engaged  in  building  Humes  and 
quartz  n)ill8.  In  the  tall  of  1850  he  sent  for 
his  eldest  daughter,  Lucy  V.,  who  came  o<it 
alone  by  steamer  and  the  Isthmus,  and  was  the 
lirst  wliite  woman  to  settle  in  Columbia,  and 
she  is  now  the  wife  of  Di'.  Fickett,  of  St(ckton, 
California.  Mr.  Sears  sent  for  his  second 
daughter  in  1851,  and  started  the  first  school 
at  Columbia.  She  subsequently  Iwci'me  the 
wife  of  liev  J.  H.  i'rodt,  a  prominent  Presby- 
terian divine  of  New  York  city.  In  1852  Mr. 
Sears  sent  for  the  remainder  of  his  family,  his 
wife  and  three  sons.  The  latter  are:  Charles 
W.,  now  a  manufacturer  of  Albany;  Homer  A., 
residing  in  Seattle;  and  George  C,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  The  early  life  of  the  latter  was 
passed  i)i  Columbia  and  by  hard  work  and  close 
economy  he  saved  his  money  and  thus  procured 
an  education  at  Oakland  College. 

Imbued  with  the  true  spirit  of  patriotism  he 
left  college  in  1862,  to  enlist  in  Company  I, 
Fourth  Regiment  California  Volunteers,  atid 
upon  the  organization  of  the  company  was  ap- 

fointed  Second  Lieutenant  hy  Governor  F.  F. 
.ow,  under  Colonel  Hooker.  Soon  after  en- 
listment our  subject  was  transferred  to  the 
Eighth  Regiment,  with  the  expectation  of  being 
forwarded  to  the  front,  but  their  services  being 
needed  in  California,  regimental  headquarters 
were  established  at  Fort  Point  and  the  com- 
panies were  distributed  about  the  State  where 
needed.  Lieutenant  Sears  remained  at  head- 
quarters as  Acting  Regimental  Quartermaster, 
and  was  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  un- 
til the  close  of  the  war,  in  1865,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  of  service. 

He  was  married  at  Oakland  in  1865,  to  Miss 
Jennie  Aldrich,  a  native  of  Providence,  Rhode 
Island.  After  marriage  he  settled  at  Walnut 
Creek,  Contra  Costa  county,  and  here  he  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Penniman  &  Sears,  which  was  contin- 
ued about  four  years,  when  our  subject  sold  his 
interest  and  went  to  Santa  Cruz.  He  purchased 
timber  claims  on  Syante  creek,  erected  a  saw- 
mill and  followed  the  lumber  business  until 
1871,  when  he  came  to  Portland,  and  in  part- 
nership with  C.  M.  Martin  engaged  in  the  gro- 


H 


HISTORY    OF    OliEGUN. 


eery  and  ooininissioii  biisiiioHs.  Tlioy  sliipped 
priiduce  from  Ciiliforiiiii  ami  dinnlDpwl  an  t;.- 
teimive  trade,  l)einf?  tlio  ruprcMentative  house  oi' 
tlieir  class  in  the  city.  Snlmcqnently  sellii'^' 
his  interest  Mr.  Sears  eiigafred  in  the  li';rit)er 
business  and  later  bon^ht  an  ititerest  in  a  livery 
stable  on  the  corner  of  Second  and  Wasliington 
streets,  continuing  nnder  the  Hrtn  name  of 
Soars  &  Wilmer.  The  stable  was  large  and  well 
supported,  averaging  abontlOO  horses  in  livery 
and  as  boarders. 

In  1878  Mr.  Sears  received  tlie  nomination 
of  County  Assessor  upon  the  Republican  ticket 
and  was  elected  in  the  June  following.  He 
then  sold  his  livery  business  to  engage  in  the 
duties  pertaining  to  liis  office,  which  he  satis- 
factorily performed  and  was  re-electeil  in  1880. 
At  the  e.xpiration  of  his  second  term  as  As- 
sesHor,  in  1882,  he  was  elected  to  the  otlice  of 
Sheriff,  but  declined  a  renomination  in  1884, 
owing  to  illness  in  his  family.  He  then  took 
an  extensive  trip  East  with  his  wife  and  daughter, 
but  upon  returning  Mrs.  Sears  suddenly  became 
worse  and  passed  away  October  23,  1885. 

In  1884  Mr.  Sears  began  the  purchase  of 
property  in  eastern  Oregon. for  ranch  purposes, 
to  which  ho  has  added  from  time  to  time  and 
now  owns  upward  of  4,000  acres,  controlling  a 
large  range  of  Government  land,  which  ho  has 
stocked  with  horses  and  cattle,  the  former  from 
imported  Clydesdale  and  Ilainbletonian  stock, 
and  the  latter  from  Durliain  and  Poland  Angus. 
Attending  to  his  ranch  interests  Mr.  Sears  kept 
out  of  politics  until  tiie  spring  of  1890,  when 
he  was  elected  County  Assessor  for  the  third 
time.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office 
in  June,  1892,  he  ran  as  an  independent  candi- 
date, and  was  re-elected,  and  is  now  serving  as 
Assessor  of  this  county,  to  the  entire  satisfac- 
tion of  the  people. 

Mr.  Sears  has  four  children:  Charles  B.,  now 
in  charge  of  the  ranch;  Ilattie  C,  wife  of  M. 
Ct.  Du  Buisson,  of  Tacoma;  Georgia  M.,  and 
Jeimie  M.  Miss  Georgia  has  been  adopted  and 
enrolled  by  the  Department  Encampment,  G. 
A.  R.,  of  the  State  of  Oregon  for  efficient  as- 
sistance rendered  at  the  musical  entertainments. 
Mr.  Sears  is  Past  Commander  of  George  Wright 
Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  a  member  of  the  Loyal 
Legion  of  Ajnerica,  also  of  Progress  Lodge  and 
Harmony  Encampment,  I.  O.  ().  F. ;  Harmony 
Lodge,  A.  F.  »&  A.  M.;  Past  Chancellor  of  Mys- 
tic Lodge,  K.  of  P.;  Qnity  Lodge,  A.  O.  U.  W.; 
Webfoot  Camp,  Woodmen  of  the  World;  B.  P. 


( '.  of  Elks;  and  is  [tivsident  of  thtt  I'ortland 
Volunteer  Exempt  Kiremeii.  In  publico  ollico 
Mr.  Sears  has  always  proved  himB<!if  the  right 
man  for  tiie  position,  never  swerving  from  tiio 
path  of  iluty,  but  with  his  characteristic  energy 
and  ability  and  his  prompt  execution  of  the  la\v, 
he  has  deserved  the  approl)ation  of  all  good 
citizens. 


■s- 


i^gMitie*^-*- 


fOSEPlI  T.  HINKLE,  the  subject  of  this 
sketcb,  was  born  in  Cutnberland  county, 
Kentucky,  November  2,  18(57,  and  is  the 
second  son  of  George  and  Cyntha  (Phelps) 
Hinklo,  whose  connections  with  two  representa- 
tives and  romantic  marriage  during  the  civil 
war  are  among  the  never-to-be  forgotten  legi-nds 
of  the  county.  When  our  subject  was  only 
three  years  old  bis  ])arents  left  their  beautiful 
home  in  Cumberland  county  and  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business  at  (ilasgow,  Barren 
county.  This  county  hail  not  yet  recovered 
from  the  ravages  of  the  invading  armies  that 
had  recently  passed  over  it,  but  Mr.  Hinkle,  Sr., 
prospered  until  the  financial  crisis  of  1873, 
when  he  received  losses  from  which  he  could 
not  recover.  Selling  out  in  1880,  Mr.  Hinkle, 
with  his  family  removed  to  Henry  county, 
Mi86f)uri,  and  there  engaged  in  farming  for  three 
years,  when  he  again  made  a  removal,  this  time 
selecting  Umatilla  county  as  his  home,  where 
his  own  indomitable  energy  and  that  of  his  wife 
and  live  ' .  ,i  have  assured  prosperity  and 
strengthe.:  •  '  ,i  bonds  of  a  happy  and  envied 
family. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  family  in  Oregon, 
our  subject,  who  was  then  only  fifteen  years  of 
age,  spent  eight  months  in  the  Willamette  Uni- 
versity, after  which  he  returned  home.  Like 
many  other  boys  of  that  age  lie  did  not  appreci- 
ate the  importance  and  usefulness  of  a  proper 
amount  of  schooling,  and  as  his  parents  in- 
dulged him  in  his  aversion  to  study  of  all  kinds, 
this  eight  months  was  the  extent  of  his  school- 
ing, with  exception  of  some  fourteen  months 
spent  in  common  schools.  In  spite  of  his 
limited  education,  immediately  upon  his  return 
Mr.  Hinkle  secured  a  position  in  one  of  the 
public  schools  of  this  county,  and  gave  such 
satisfaction  that  he  was  retained  until  May,  1891, 
when  he  accepted  an  editorial  position  on  the 
Oregon  Alliance  Herald,  at  Pendleton.    Shortly 


I'TT' 


57(1 


iiisToitY  OF  oitKaoy. 


after.  Iiuviiig  provuii  liiriHflf  a  fearlcsa  reform 
writer,  lie  was  apnointi  il  editor-in-chief  and  liaa 
HJnee  eoiiducteil  tliat  paper,  winning  for  it  and 
for  liiinsclf  apor-iti',11  of  exalted  triiot  iintl  honor, 
retleetinj;  <^reat  credit  upon  the  eanse  he  han  (*s. 
poiised.  and  *•>  which  he  is  so  pecnliarly  lilted. 
In  additi'jn  to  his  literary  attainnientH,  Mr. 
Iliiikle  is  I.  i;o(id  farmer  and  owns  iJ2()  aeres  of 
fertile  liind  in  I'mafilla  ecnwity.  lie  also  has 
the  fireat  ^^ii't  of  oratory  that  is  sure  to  earry  him 
to  the  front  innks  in  the  political  world. 


[II.SON  .\r.  TI(iAllI),  an  honorable  Ore- 
gon pioneer,  now  deceased,  came  to  the 
Territory  in  1852.  He  was  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Arkan6as<,  born  near  Fort  Smith. 
Se|)toniber  7. 18'.]().  His  jri'andparentseniifrrated 
from  the  north  of  Ireland  and  ^^eni  among  the 
Kevolntionary  iiatriots.  Although  they  came 
to  America  on  tlie  same  8hi|)they  were  not  then 
acfjuainted,  but  after  their  settlement  in  (ieorgia 
they  met  and  were  married.  There  the  father 
of  our  subject.  Hugh  Tigard,  was  born,  reared 
and  married,  the  lady  of  his  choice  being  a  Miss 
Frances  McLendend,  a  native  of  Georgia.  As 
early  as  1820  they  removed  to  Arkansas  and 
the  father  partieipated  in  the  battle  of  New 
Orleans  under  General  Jackson.  Four  children 
were  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tigard,  two  of  whom 
are  now  living,  namely:  A.  .1.  Tigard  in  the 
State  of  Wisconsin,  and  Mrs.  Emily  Doble- 
bowcr  in  Columbia  county,  Oregon. 

Our  subject  was  the  eldest  child  and  was 
reared  in  his  native  St;'te,  where  he  received 
but  limit"'!  opportunities  I'oi-  an  education, 
hence  was  obliged  to  educate  himself  by  home 
study  and  reading.  Alarch  17,  1850,  he  was 
married  in  "Washington  county.  Arkansas,  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Yoes,  a  native  of  Washington 
county,  Arkansas,  born  ,Iuly  29.  1830,  a 
daughter  of  Conrad  Voos,  of  German  ances- 
try. After  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tigard 
resided  in  Arkansas  for  two  year8,where  their 
son  John  was  born.  April  12,  1852,  they 
started  with  five  yoke  of  oxen,  a  cow  and 
a  wagon,  on  the  long  journey  across  the  plains. 
His  wife,  mother,  a  brother,  two  sisters  with 
tlieir  husbands  accompanied  him  and  each  of 
the  married  couple  had  a  child.  There  were 
about  130  persons  in  the  company  and  as  this 
was  the  jear  of  the  cholera  epidemic  many  per- 


ished, some  times  there  being  only  one  or  two 
left.  The  fatal  disease  was  very  rapid  in  its 
deadly  work,  within  twelve  hours  after  being 
taken  sick  the  victim  would  have  passed  beyond 
any  earthly  aid.  It  was  a  distressing  time. 
The  living  ones  were  obliged  to  bury  their  loved 
ones  by  the  roadside  and  leave  their  graves  ex- 
po.sed  to  the  weather  and  wild  Ijcasts.  Tho 
mother  of  .Mr.  Tigard  was  very  sick,  but  fortu- 
nately recovercil  toward  the  end  of  the  journey. 
The  journey  told  upon  the  cattle  to  siioli  an  o.\- 
tcnt  that  many  of  them  died  and  the  emigrants 
were  obliged  to  throw  away  many  of  their  house- 
hold stores  to  lighten  the  loads,  atid  still  later 
had  to  walk.  This  did  not  discourage  these 
bra\  e  men  and  women  for  they  jjressed  on  and 
for  five  weeks  they  liveci  upon  the  beef  of  their 
poor  woriiout  cattle,  without  salt.  They  were  a 
sorry  looking  company  of  emigrants  when  they 
arrived  at  the  iJallos  on  tho  12th  of  October. 
They  made  the  passage  down  tho  C-'oluinbia  in  a 
Hat-boat,  stopping  at  Sandy.  From  there  they 
made  their  way  to  Milwaukee,  where  Mr.  Tigard 
obtained  work,  driving  a  logging  team,  but  un- 
fortunately broke  his  ribs  and  could  not  work. 

After  recovering  from  his  injury  he  made  his 
way  on  foot  to  this  portion  of  the  country  and 
purchased  the  right  to  the  claim  on  which  he 
spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  and  on  which  the 
family  still  reside.  The  little  village  that  has 
sprung  up  aro)ind  his  claim  is  known  by  his 
name,  Tigardville.  Like  many  of  the  other  emi- 
grants he  had  no  money  so  paid  tor  liis  320  acres 
of  lanil  with  two  Spanish  cows,  which  he  ob- 
tained from  Mr.  George  Richardson.  The  man 
who  owned  the  claim  was  a  Mr.  iMathews  and 
he  had  built  a  small  log  shanty  on  the  land  in 
which  Mr.  Tigard  and  his  family  made  their 
home  for  the  first  year.  They  arrive<l  ai  their 
new  home,  December  5,  1852,  and  they  had 
hardly  reached  it  when  it  began  to  snow.  The 
snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  two  feet  and  they  were 
snowed  in  and  were  obliged  to  live  on  roasted 
potatoes.  In  the  8j)ring  they  cleared  a  small  piece 
of  land,  dug  holes  iu  it  and  Mrs.  Tigard  dropped 
potatoes  in  the  holes  and  covered  them  up,  and 
this  way  they  raised  a  nicecropoftliis  necessary 
article  of  food.  They  struggled  and  toiled  and 
in  due  time  prospered.  At  all  times  their  iloor 
was  open  to  all  needy  and  afflicted  ones  and 
many  were  the  calls  made  upon  their  kindness 
and  liospitality. 

In  1800  Mr.  Tigard  was  injured  by  a  falling 
tree.     Ilis  eldest  auu  was  with  bim  at  the  time 


mSTOJir    OF    OIlh'dON. 


«t 


of  tli(!  accMotit  iiiid  (irair^iMl  liiiii  out  rroiti  iimlcr 
tliu  trc(;  ami  tlicii  ran  I'or  liolp.  Wlieii  tlu;  Hon 
niid  uHBirttaiKU!  rotiirni'il  they  toiinil  that,  altlnniirh 
the  8011  liail  (h'a)L;if<Ml  him  to  a  ch'ar  jihine  the 
fire  hail  reached  the  t'ath<T  and  biinuvl  his  h'gi<. 
For  throe  weeks  lie  rcinuined  uiicoiihcioiis  and 
then  slowly  recovered,  hut  wan  never  well  nf'ter- 
wanl.  His  death  occurred  on  the  13th  of  Au- 
gust, 1882.  Ill  politics  he  was  a  Ue|Mililicaii 
and  was  an  iiidimtrious,  upright  and  h()norai)le 
man  and  most  worthy  citiiieii.  Ten  children  were 
born  to  his  wife  and  liimself  in  <  >reffon,  and 
foureoiiB  and  two  dniighters  are  livinjr,  Muiiii  ly: 
Mnry  Ann,  died  when  an  infant;  Adaliiie,  wife 
of  i\[ilton  P.  Smith:  Einaline,  whoso  clothes 
cauf^ht  lire  when  she  was  live  years  of  ago  ami 
before  assistance  could  reach  liershe  was  so  badly 
burned  that  death  resulted;  Gertrude  iiiarrieil 
C.  S.  Gaiilt,  to  whom  she  bore  two  chililreii  and 
then  died,  aged  twenty-eight;  Fannie  Iv.  mar- 
ried James  Marion  and  resides  at  Farmington. 
Washington  county ;  (Jharles  F.  owns  a  portion 
of  the  donation  claim,  on  which  he  is  raising 
hops;  in  addition  he  has  a  general  merchandise 
store  oil  the  property  and  is  doing  a  thriving 
business,  lieiiii;  an  enterprising  and  capable 
man.  Abraham  Lincoln  died  in  his  thirteenth 
year  of  diphtheria;  (!onrad,  has  a  portion  of  the 
donation  claim;  Hugh  H.  is  a  merchant  in  Ful- 
ton and  has  a  part  of  the  claim;  John  W.,  the 
son  born  in  ArKansas,  is  married  and  has  a  part 
of  the  farm  near  the  old  homestead,  lie  has 
two  sons,  Frank  and  Jessie.  Mrs.  Tigard  is  in 
good  health  and  keeps  house  for  Charles.  She 
is  a  good  representative  of  the  pioneer  women 
of  1852.  The  sons  follow  in  their  father's  foot- 
steps and  are  ardent  Republicans,  while  Charles 
F.  is  rostmaster  at  Tigardville. 

^-^-^ 

[ILLIAM  WAL)IIAMS,  well  known  and 
highly  esteemed  among  the  citizens  of 
Portland,  is  of  an  old  English  family, 
which  had  its  origin  in  Devonshire,  England, 
and  derived  its  name  from  the  place  of  its  resi- 
dence, Wadham,  wliich  signifies  "  home  by  the 
ford."  William  de  Wadham  was  a  freeholder 
in  that  shire  or  county  in  the  days  of  King  Ed- 
ward I,  1272  to  1307.  Both  East  and  West 
Wadham  remained  in  the  family  for  about  eight 
descents  in  a  direct  line;  live  of  whom  were 
knights  who  became  allied  by  marriage  to  many 


great  and  noble  houses,  among  them  the  I'laii- 
tageiiets.  This  ])ropi'l'ty  descended  to  Nicholas 
Wiidliam,  wlio  ill  the  year  ItiO!'  founded  the 
collegia  which  bears  his  niiiiie  in  O.xI'onI,  Eng- 
land. About  tlie  year  14U!)  Merrilield  of  Som- 
ersetshire came  into  the  possession  of  Sir  John 
WadliHin  liy  marriage,  and  at  that  time  the 
principal  seat  of  the  family  was  remeved  to  the 
county  of  Somerset.  The  ancient  moated  sent 
of  Mi'rritield  is  in  the  parish  of  lltoii,  about  five 
miles  from  Ilmiiister,  to  the  north.  St.  Mary's, 
the  parish  church,  was  tiie  burial  place  of  the 
family  for  many  yeiirs,  and  the  north  aisle  of 
the  church  is  called  Wadham  Aisle,  because  of 
the  many  monuments  there  erected  to  the  fam- 
ily. Nicholas  Wadham  and  Doratliy,  his  wife, 
co-founders  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  are 
there  buried. 

The  genealogical  list  of  the  family  of  Wad- 
hams  in  America  is  as  follows:  1,  John,  of 
Englaiiil,  came  to  America  in  lOoO;  2,  John,  of 
WeathersHeld,  Connecticut,  born  July  8,  ItJijD, 
and  died  1718;  3,  Xoah,  of  Weatherstield.  Con- 
necticut, born  August  10,  lODo;  4,  Jonathan, 
of  Weatherstield,  Connecticut,  born  August  8, 
1730;  5,  Abraham,  of  (ioshon,  Connecticut, 
born  1757;  0,  Liimaii,  of  Goshen,  Connecticut, 
borii  1782,  died  April  19,  1832;  7,  William 
Luman,  of  Wadham's  Mills,  New  York,  born 
February  18,  180U.  died  May  18, 1805;  8,  Will- 
iam, of  Wadham's  Mills,  New  York,  born  Octo- 
ber 10,  1831. 

Mr.  William  Wadhams  is  the  eighth  in  direct 
descent  from  John  Wadhams,  who  came  from 
Somersetshire.  England,  in  1050  and  settled  in 
Weathersiield,  Connecticut. 

His  grandfather.  General  Luman  Wadhams, 
was  born  in  Goshen,  Connecticut,  in  1782. 
About  the  year  1800  he  went  to  Charlotte,  Ver- 
mont, and  there  married  the  widow,  Lucy  Prin- 
dle  (born  Bostwick).  The  first  of  her  family  to 
come  to  this  country  was  Ebeneztfr  liostwic.k, 
who  came  from  Cheshire,  F^ngland,  in  the  year 
1608.  About  the  year  1809  General  Luman 
Wadhams  removed  his  famity  to  Esse.x  county, 
New  York,  where  he  established  mills  on  the 
Boquet  river  in  the  town  of  AYestport,  and  the 
village  about  them  still  bears  the  name  of  Wad- 
hams Mills.  General  Luman  Wadhams  was  an 
officer  in  our  army  during  the  war  cf  1812. 

His  eldest  son,  William  Luman,  married 
Emeline  Jj.  Cole,  of  Westport,  who  was  also  a 
descendant  of  F^benezer  l!ostwick.  They  lived  at 
Wadhams  Mills,   William   Luman  having  sue- 


578 


nrsTouT  OF  ohkgon. 


WS' 


ceedod  to  the  hiisineBs  after  the  <leatli  of  Gen- 
eral liiirnun  AVnillmms:,  uiiil  reiireti  a  larjre  fam- 
ily (if  chililren,  the  oldest  of  whom  is  Mr, 
AVilliam  Wadlmms,  of  J'ortland,  Oregon. 

Mr.  Wadhiims  continninj;  in  the  milling  in- 
terest, in  both  iirain  and  lumber,  established  a, 
store,  lilaekBmith  shop  and  other  shops  neces- 
sary to  village  interests,  he  becoming  proprietor 
and  father  of  the  town.  Through  hi^  many  in- 
terests be  became  embarrassed  and  was  obliged 
to  sell  his  mills.  After  the  gold  e.xcitement  in 
Calit'ornia  he  embarked  thorefor  .laniiarv,  1^50, 
to  recoil])  his  losses,  8nbse(inently  retnrning  to 
Wadhams  Mills. paying otf  all  indebtedness  and 
passing  his  closing  years  in  that  locality. 

William  Wadhams  was  the  oldest  of  thirteen 
children,  nine  of  whom  still  snrvive.  He  was 
educated  in  the  village  school  and  acquired 
giKul  business  habits  through  his  connection 
with  his  father's  several  interests.  It  was  the 
anibiti<in  of  his  early  life  to  secure  a  classical 
education  and  study  the  jirofession  of  medicine, 
but  through  the  tinancial  reverses  of  his  father 
his  j)laiis  were  changed  and  he  engaged  in  bnsi- 
i-ess  pursuits  to  ai(i  in  lifting  th?  load  of  in- 
debtedness from  his  father's  shoulders. 

His  father  returned  from  California  in  the 
winter  of  1851,  but  in  April  following  he  again 
visited  the  Golden  State,  taking  with  hitn  his 
son  William,  who  was  loath  to  go,  as  it  meant 
the  sacrifice  of  his  life  plan,  still,  being  the  eld- 
est son  and  feeling  his  obligation  to  his  father, 
he  decided  to  go.  And  liy  the  Panama  route 
they  landed  at  San  Francisco  June  10,  1851. 
They  procured  rooms  and  provided  their  own 
support,  Mr.  Wadhams  securing  a  situation  as 
manager  of  a  gang  of  men  in  building  interests 
at  JfilO  per  day.  and  William  secured  a  position 
in  the  post  office  at  ^150  per  month. 

After  two  months  Mr.  Wadhams  was  induced 
to  engage  in  teaming,  whereby  he  made  from 
810  to  $20  per  day,  and  ujion  October  1  Will- 
iam resigned  his  position  and  engaged  in  a  like 
pursuit.  In  1852  his  brother  Luman  came  to 
the  State,  and  purchasing  an  additional  team  the 
three  would  make  oftentimes  .'pSO  per  day.  In 
the  spring  of  1853  Mr.  Wadhams  returned  to 
his  family,  clearing  otf  all  indei/teduess  and 
passed  his  remaining  years  in  peace.  William 
and  his  brother  continued  teaming,  operating 
several  drays  and  making  a  considerable  an\ount 
of  money.  In  1854  our  subject  visited  the 
East  and   was   married   at  Whiting,  Vermont, 


June  14, 1854,  to  Miss  Lucinda  A.  Skinner,  the 
playmate  of  his  youth. 

Returning  with  his  bride  to  San  Francisco, 
he  continued  his  teaming  interests  until  March, 
1855,  when  through  depression  in  liusiness  he 
sold  out  and  returned  to  the  post  ofHce  at  the 
former  salary  and  there  remained  until  .\pril  1, 
1801.  111!  then  engaged  in  the  wliolesale  frnit 
business  with  J.  L.  Sanfoid  &  Co.,  and  after- 
ward with  Knapp,  IJurrell  &  Cc. 

In  February,  18t)5,  as  a  representative  of  K. 
(-i.  Sheath,  wholesale  gr^^cer  of  San  Francisco, 
Mr.  Wadhams  came  to  Portland  and  established 
a  branch  liouse,  conducting  a  wholesale  business 
through  the  Northwest.  He  continued  the 
management  of  this  house  until  1870,  when  he 
organized  the  tirm  of  Leveridge,  Wailhams  &, 
Co.,  and  pnrc^iased  the  Portland  business  of  Mr. 
Sneath,  our  subject  continuing  as  manager,  while 
Mr.  Leveridge  resided  in  San  Francisco  and 
purchased  tlie  stock.  In  1870  the  firm  changed 
t  J  Wadhams  c^  Elliott,  whicii  continued  until 
1889,  when  Mr.  Wadhams  purchased  the  entire 
business,  and  July  1,  1890,  it  was  incorporated 
as  Wadhams  &  Co..  he  himself  continuing  as 
president  and  manager.  March  1,  1><92,  they 
pnrcliP'-ed  the  stock  and  succeeded  to  the  busi- 
ness of  the  old  established  house  of  Corbitt  & 
Macleay,  and  now  occupy  four  floors  and  base- 
ment, 50  .\  160  feet  each,  at  04  and  66  Front 
street,  carrying  a  stock  valued  at  $150,000,  em- 
ploying twenty-tive  hands,  and  doing  a  large 
grocery  l)usiness  throughout  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  Wadhams  is  the  founder  and  developer 
of  many  interests  and  deserves  great  credit  for 
his  wise  and  sagacious  management.  In  1876 
he  was  associated  with  J.  O.  Ilanthorn  and 
AV'esley  Jackson  in  building  and  establishing 
the  J.  O.  Ilanthorn  &  Co.  cannery  at  Astoria, 
ami  many  other  enterprises  has  he  aided 
during  the  early  days  of  their  establishment. 

In  religious  matters  he  is  a  l^-esbytcian,  and 
upon  his  arrival  in  Oregon  he  cast  his  lot  with 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  In  1866  he 
was  elected  one  of  the  Elders  and  Superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school,  both  of  which  oflices  he 
held  until  the  organization  of  the  Calvary  Pves- 
bylerian  Church  in  February,  1882,  when  he 
assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  new  church 
and  has  been  an  Elder  continuously  from  that 
time,  and  served  as  Superintendent  of  the  Sun- 
day-school from  1886  to  1891.  He  has  been 
actively  connected  with  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  since  its  organization  in  Port- 


HISTORY    OP    OREGON 


V,T) 


land  and  served  for  two  years  as  its  Presidvint. 
He  '.vas  elected  a  member  of  tlie  Board  of  School 
Directors  in  the  spring  of  1869,  serving  one 
^ear,  and  was  again  elected  in  1879  and  by  re- 
election served  until  1885.  During  his  seven 
years  of  service  the  high  school  was  organized, 
the  building  erected,  and  also  the  Couch,  Fail- 
ing and  Harrison  schoolhouses.  He  is  also 
intimately  connected  with  "The  Home"  under 
the  u  .spices  of  the  Ladies'  lielief  Societ}',  and 
has  been  one  of  its  most  persistent  workers  and 
supporters,  and  tor  many  years  has  been,  and 
still  in.  one  of  the  directors  of  the  institution. 
He  affiliates  with  the  order  of  the  Knights 
TenipLars,  F.  &  A.  M.  He  has  had  neither  time 
nor  inclination  to  engage  in  politics,  but  served 
one  y»ar  as  Police  Commissioner  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  Mayor. 

Thcjugh  reasonably  successful  in  business  re- 
lations Mr.  Wadhams  considers  the  part  of  his 
life  devoted  to  the  church,  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  and  school  work  a=  the  most 
lioiioral)le,  and  to  advance  those  interests  is  ever 
ready  with  advice,  labor  or  financial  support. 


-<S-t< 


>**» 


|P^  A.  SMITH,  the  present  Sheriff  of  Clatsop 
aMl  county,  Oregon,  was  born  on  the  Gape  of 
*^l'*  Good  Hope,  January  22,  1854,  a  son  of 
J.  A.  Smith,  a  native  of  Holland.  In  an  early 
<lay  the  latter  went  to  the  diamond  fields  of 
Africa,  in  search  of  wealth,  but  returned  ^ 
liotterdam,  Holland,  after  a  successful  journij 
to  the  Black  Continent,  Mr.  Smith  then  i.ii- 
gaged  in  business  in  his  native  country. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Holland  until  fifteen  years 
of  age,  when  he  began  to  learn  the  blacksmiths' 
'trade,  at  which  he  worked  six  years.  In  the 
spring  of  1876  he  sailed  for  San  Francisco, 
thence  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  two  months 
later  went  on  a  prospecting  tour  to  Snake  river, 
where  he  was  employed  by  bridge  contractor,  J. 
W.  Stoneman,  who  now  has  charge  of  the  works 
on  the  famous  (Johimbia  river  jetty.  In  1881 
he  became  a  citizen  of  Astoria,  and  first  engaged 
in  fishing  on  the  Columbia  river,  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Fishermen's  Union,  in  May, 
1885,  and  was  elected  its  first  treasurer.  Mr. 
Smith  resigned  this  position  in  1887,  and  ran 
for  the  office  of  Chief  of  Police  of  Astoria,  in 
December,  1887,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  but 


was  defeated.  In  June,  1888,  he  was  elected 
(yonstabie  by  a  large  niajority;  in  November, 
1888.  WHS  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  W.  (t.  Itoss,  Sheriff  of  Clatsop  county,  re- 
signed in  June.  1890,  was  elected  to  that  ottice 
by  a  large  majority,  and  June  6,  1892,  was  re- 
elected by  a  lar^e  m.vjority,  while  the  county 
averages  a  T  tiblican  majority  of  about  4(10. 
His  majori'fy,  tl'j 'jvvost,  was  298,  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket.  Ho  Is  now  serving  his  third  term. 
Our  subject  lieid  the  position  of  De|)uty  United 
States  Marshal  for  Astoria,  while  being  Sheriff, 
under  I'residentCleveland,  three  years.  Socially, 
he  attiliates  with  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,and  K.  of  P. 
and  Uniform  rank  of  K.  of  P.,  of  which  rank 
he  is  now  Captain,  and  also  a  inemlicr  of  B.  P. 
O.  E.,  in  which  he  has  passed  all  the  chai's. 
He  is  yet  a  young  man,  with  a  host  of  friends, 
and  a  bright  future. 


'-)^- 


tEUHEN  FRANKLIN  IIOBINSON,  prin- 
cipal of  the  Central  school,  Portland,  was 
born  in  Lane  connty,  Oregon,  December 
9,  1801.  His  father,  George  D.  Robinson,  was 
a  native  of  Tennessee,  but  was  a  boy  when  he 
was  taken  to  Missouri  in  the  emigration  of  the 
family  to  that  State.  He  resided  there  until 
1849,  when  with  the  gold  fever  he  came  to 
California,  and  mined  in  the  Sacramento  valley, 
with  good  success.  In  1861  he  came  to  Oregon 
and  purchased  lands  in  Lane  county.  In  1805 
he  moved  to  Polk  county,  where  he  lived  until 
1880,  when  he  removed  to  Spangle,  Washing- 
ton. He  married  Miss  Sarah  C.  Richardson,  a 
native  of  Illinois,  and  had  nine  children,  of 
whom  seven  are  living. 

Mr.  R.  F.  Robinson,  their  third  child,  instead 
of  going  with  the  family  to  Washington,  en- 
tered the  La  Creole  Acaaemy  as  a  pupil,  living 
for  two  years  at  the  home  of  his  brotlier,  John 
W.  He  continued  in  school  two  year?  longer, 
paying  for  his  tuition  and  board  by  teaching  in 
the  country  during  vacations  and  doing  janitor 
work  and  hearing  classes  at  the  academy  in 
school  nionths.  He  graduated  in  1884,  after 
which  he  was  given  first  assistant's  positioti  at 
the  academy,  which  he  filled  for  a  year,  when  he 
was  promoted  to  the  position  of  principal. 
While  acting  in  that  capacity  he  was  elected 
Superintendent  of  Schools  in  the  county  of  Polk, 
on     the    liepublican  ticket.      He    continued   as 


580 


insrORY    OP   OREOON. 


principal  of  tiie  academy  the  first  yea.'  of  his 
term  of  ofiice,  and  after  tiiat  gave  his  wliole 
time  to  tlie  seiiool  work  of  the  county.  At  tiie 
close  of  his  term  as  Comit}'  Superintendent  he 
was  elected  principal  of  the  East  Portland  High 
School,  whicli  position  lie  has  satisfac-torily  lilled 
for  tlie  last  three  years.  Since  the  consolidation 
of  the  two  parts  of  the  city,  which  affected  the 
consolidation  of  the  two  liigh  sciiools  he  has 
continuetl  in  charge  of  the  Central  school  with 
the  (jraininar  grades  only.  Under  his  charge 
are  4(>()pu{)ils,  in  ten  de])artments.  Since  com- 
ing to  to  tiie  city  he  has  served  on  the  County 
IJoard  of  Examiners,  and  has  always  been  an 
active  and  efficient  worker  at  the  teachers'  in- 
stitutes, lie  enjoy  teachinf;,  has  met  with 
marked  success,  and  he  has  both  natural  and 
aci[uired  al)ility  of  a  su|)erior  order.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  .V.().  U.  W..  and  a  Chapter 
JIason. 

In  rlune,  i8so,  he  married  Miss  Ellen  Ilal- 
leck,  a  native  of  this  State,  and  they  have  three 
cliildren,  all  born  in  Oregon:  Carl  II.,  Earl  Y. 
and  Frank  L. 

Sri)  (IE  .10  UN  CAT  LIN. —  Prominent 
amonij;  the  <,)reg()n  ])ioneers  of  1848,  and 
for  thirty  years  a  member  of  the  legal  pro 
fession,  we  find  Jndj;e  John  CJatlin,  who  was 
born  at  Turkey  Hill,  St.  Clair  county,  Illinois, 
February  (i.  1832.  His  father,  Seth  Catlin, 
descended  from  Puritan  stock  and  was  boi'U  at 
Pittsfieid.  MassacluK-etts,  in  17!t2.  He  emi- 
grated with  liis  |iarcnts  to  Ohio,  in  18(>5,  and 
subse(|Uently  to  Illinois,  where  he  was  married 
to  Agnus  Redpatli,  daughter  of  .lames  Kedjjatli, 
who  emigrated  from  Scotland  and  settled  in 
Illinois  about  1818.  Seth  Catlin  represented 
St.  Clair  county  in  the  State  Senate  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  In  1848,  with  his  wife  and  seven 
suns,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  leaving 
Illiiu)is  April  10.  1848.  He  made  the  trip 
with  ox  teams,  and  witluuit  any  particular  inci- 
dent he  lauded  at  Foster's,  twenty  miles  from 
where  Portland  now  stands,  in  the  Willamette 
valley.  September  15.  1848.  Foster's  was  at 
that  time  the  first  settlement  west  of  the  Mis- 
souri line.  Mr.  Catlin  settle<l  upon  <i40  acres 
of  land,  three  miles  south  of  Portland,  but  after 
one  vear  sold  bis  claim  to  Edward  Long  and 
removed  to  Cowlitz  county,  Washington,  where 


lie  took  up  640  acres  and  followed  farming  until 
his  death,  July,  1865,  his  wife  surviving  him 
until  1884.  Mr.  Catlin  filled  a  prominent  po- 
sition in  the  public  affairs  of  Washington,  lie- 
fore  the  Territory  was  entered  as  a  State  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  and  was 
subsequently  elected  several  terms  to  the  Coun- 
cil of  Washington  Territory  and  became  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council.  He  was  Democratic  in 
politics,  but  stanch  and  true,  and  very  active 
and  influential  until  the  close  of  his  life.  Of 
the  seven  children,  above  mentioned,  six 
are  still  living:  Seth,  Jr.,  died  in  Arkan- 
sas. Those  living  are:  James,  farmer  of 
lower  Mexico;  Robert,  graduated  from  West 
Point,  and  entere<l  the  army  in  1864  and 
lost  a  leg,  for  which  he  was  j)laced  upon  the 
retired  list,  and  liis  life  has  been  chiefly  passed 
in  Washington  city  ever  since,  then  part  of  the 
time  as  deputy  governor  of  the  Soldiers'  Home; 
Adam  and  Charles  still  own  the  homestead, 
which  they  have  increased  to  about  2,000  acres, 
the  former  is  living  on  the  farm,  while  the  lat- 
ter is  engaged  in  farming  and  in  banking,  and 
other  interests  in  Taebma;  Frederick  is  also  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  is  located  near  the  old 
homestead.  All  are  married  and  have  growing 
families. 

John,  the  oldest  of  the  fatnily,  is  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  lie  began  his  education  at  the 
common  schools  and  Mclvendree  College  of  Illi- 
nois. On  the  trip  to  Oregon  he  walked  much 
of  the  way,  driving  the  ox  team.  In  Oregon 
and  Washington  his  studies  were  continued  at 
intervals,  with  the  work  on  the  farm.  When  he 
was  twentyseven  years  of  age,  he  returned  to 
Lebanon,  Illinois,  and  commenced  the  study  of 
law  with  ex-*iovernor  A.  C.  French,  also  taking 
special  scientific  studies  at  McKendree  College. 
He  graihiated  from  the  law  school  in  Cincin- 
nati. Ohio,  in  1861,  and  returned  to  the  office  of 
Governor  French, where  he  remained  until  the  fall 
of  1863,  when  he  returned  to  Portland  and  has 
since  lieen  continuously  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  He  does  not  accept  criminal 
eases,  but  carries  on  a  general  practice,  with 
that  exception.  In  1858  the  J  udgc  was  elected 
by  the  Democratic  party  to  the  Washington 
Territorial  l,egislature  and  he  has  served  one 
term  as  a  member  of  the  City  (^'ouncil  of  Port- 
land. In  188()  he  was  elected  Judge  of  Midt- 
nomah  county  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

Judge  Catlin  was  married  in  Yam  Hill  county, 
Oregon,  in  1866,  to  Miss  Frances  A.  llender 


tiisTonr  of  orkgon. 


681 


son,  daiigliter  of  Robert  and  lihoda  (Ilolnian) 
Henderson,  Oregon  pioneers  of  1804.  .ludgeand 
Mrs.  Catlin  have  eight  children,  namely:  Ag- 
nes, Robert,  Jilaneh,  Seth,  Francis,  Reljecca, 
Clementine  and  Margaret.  The  Judge  is  a 
member  of  Harmony  Lodge,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
He  has  been  a  consistent  follower  of  his  pro- 
fession, and  through  his  large  and  snccessful 
practice  he  has  accumulated  a  considerable 
amoui.t  of  money,  which  is  profitably  invested 
in  the  city  of  Portland  and  its  vicinity.  He  is 
no  longer  active  in  practicu,  but  is  still  attend- 
ant at  his  oflicc.  Jud<re  Catlin  is  treriial  in  iiis 
manners  and,  tliough  showing  evidences  of 
passing  years  his  gray  locks  and  noble  physiciue 
are  honorable  typos  of  the  sturdy  Oregon  pio- 
neer. 


-S=7 


0.  STANTON,  a  merchant  and  the  Post 
master  of  Roseburg,  was  born  i'       Ibany 

JO  county,  New  York,   in    1826.  '^51 

he  emigrated  to  Illinois,  and  there  labon  .y 
the  day  until  1853,  when  he  started  across  the 
plains  for  Oregon.  He  arrived  in  the  great 
Willamette  valley  in  July,  18oi3,  having  come 
the  entire  distance  with  innle  teams.  There  he 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  until  18(52,  then 
went  to  the  mines  in  Idaho,  and  in  1806  came 
to  Roseburg.  Mr.  Stanton  was  first  employed 
as  salesman  for  Flint  &  Crane,  until  1873,  when 
he  began  business  for  himself.  In  1868  he  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Rosebnrg,  and  served 
the  public  without  intermission  until  November, 
1885.  Fn  1873  ho  established  a  store  in  this 
city,  and  has  ever  since  carried  on  a  successful 
business  at  the  old  stand.  For  several  years  he 
has  served  as  a  member  of  the  ([lity  Council. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Oregon,  in  1874, 
to  Miss  Jennie  Sinclair,  a  daughter  of  James 
Sinclair,  who  was  at  one  time  in  the  employ  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company;  he  was  killed  at 
the  Casca''  >  in  1866.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanton 
have  thrt„  children:   Lucy,  (Jole  E.  and  Lillian. 


4H-^« 


lENERAL  STEPHEN  COFFIN,  one  of 
Oregon's  most  enterprising  and  influential 
men,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1807,  and  re- 
moved from  there  with  his  father's  family  wliile 
quite  young  to  Ohio,  and  from   there  to  Ore- 


gon, across  the  plains,  reaching  Oregon  City  in 
October,  1847.  He  spent  the  remaining  thirty- 
five  years  of  his  active  life  in  his  adopteil  State, 
and  died  at  Dayton,  Yam  Hill  county,  March  16, 
1882.  He  had  come  to  Oregon  like  all  other 
early  settlers  without  money  or  property,  but 
on  reaching  Oregon  City  he  went  to  work  with 
willing  hands,  building  houses  and  contracting 
on  all  the  hard  work  of  a  new  country,  and 
within  two  years  he  had  saved  enough  to  pur- 
chase a  halt  interest  iu  the  land  claim  owned  by 
F.  W.  Pettygrove,  on  which  the  present  city  of 
Portland  had  already  been  projected.  This 
claim  embraced  about  one-fourth  of  the  present 
city  of  Portland  as  it  now  stands,  and  was 
bounded  by  A  street  on  the  north.  Caruthers 
street  on  the  south  and  running  back  to  about 
Sixteenth  street  on  the  west.  Upon  making 
this  purchase  C4eneral  CotHn  moved  from  Ore- 
gon City  to  Portland,  and  began  to  establish 
and  build  u]i  tlie  city  of  Portland.  Not  long 
after  this  purchase  Colonel  W.  W.  Chapman 
bought  of  General  Coffin  and  his  partner,  Daniel 
II.  Lownsdale,  a  third  interest  in  the  land,  so 
that  i<  was  then  owned  iiy  ('otHi:,  Lownsdale 
and  '  hapnian. 

The  increasing  eir>i;;ratioii  and  the  stirring 
events  the  Pacific  'HSt  began  to  indicate  the 
future  importance  of  u  city  of  this  coast,  and 
the  consequent  value  of  tin-  town  site.  The 
supremacy  of  Portland  as  ir  emporium  was 
already  disputed  ,  Milwaukee,  St.  Helen  and 
Astoria,  and  tl  proprietors  of  this  town  site 
soon  had  their  courage  and  resources  tested  to 
the  utmost.  The  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Com- 
pany liad  made  large  in'  "stments  at  St.  Helen 
and  all  the  influence  of  ..lat  great  corporation 
was  exerted   to     li'  tiie   rising    fortunes  of 

Portland.  To  pi.iicct  their  interests  Coffin, 
Chapman  and  Lownsdale  resolved  to  start  an 
opposition  steamship  line  between  Portland 
and  -San  Francisco,  and  to  that  end  they  pur- 
chased, for  $18,000,  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
steamship  "Gold  Hunter,"  which  proved  a  very 
unfortunate  investment,  as  the  ship  was  run  oft 
to  Central  America,  through  the  treachery  of 
trust  agonte,  and  sold  for  debt  and  a  large  bal- 
ance charged  up  to  the  stockholders.  In  this 
misfortune  General  Coffin  was  the  heaviest 
loser,  having  to  pay  $()0,000.  To  meet  these 
debts  he  was  obliged  to  sell  at  whatever  ])rices 
ho  could  get,  great  numbers  of  city  blocks, 
which,  if  he  could  have  retained  them,  would 
have  realized  for  him  a  million  of  dollars,  but 


•  *:., 


R83 


HI8T0RT    OF    OREGON. 


M  i 


that  which  was  the  niin  of  Chapman  and  Coffin 
made  sure  tlie  future  of  Portland  for  the  old 
Bteamship  line,  seeing  tliat  Portland  was  des- 
tined to  becoino  the  metropolis  of  Oregon,  made 
Portland  their  terminus,  and  thus  the  citv  was 
establ'shed. 

General  Coffin  was  ever  active  in  divising 
meauij  to  extend  the  business  of  the  city.  To 
bring  in  the  trade  of  Washington  county  and 
prevent  the  opening  of  a  road  from  Tualitin 
I'lains  to  St.  llelen  in  1851,  he  organized  the 
tirst  plank  road  company  in  Oregon,  which 
company  located  the  rond  through  Tanner  Creek 
canon  west  of  Portland,  ..-id  although  no  plank 
was  ever  laid  the  road  was  -"ut  through  the 
dense  forest  and  made  practical)'.?!  for  travel  by 
grading.  In  1800  General  Coffin  took  the 
leading  part  in  organizing  the  People's  Trans- 
portation Company,  and  became  the  vice-presi- 
dent and  active  manager  of  the  corporation,, 
which  for  many  years  controlled  the  transpor- 
tation or.  the  Willamette  river.  For  some  time 
it  carried  on  a  sharp  competition  with  the  Ore- 
gon Steam  Navigation  Company  for  the  con- 
trol of  the  Columbia  river.  About  18()6  he 
took  a  large  interest  in  the  Oregon  Iron  Works 
which  were  lo<'  'od  on  the  block  west  of  the 
largest  hotel  in  ilie  city,  and  here  the  com])any 
suffered  a  great  loss  by  fire,  which  took  $40,000 
out  of  General  Coffin's  pocket  in  a  few  minutes. 
Two  years  later  he  took  an  active  part  in  pro- 
moting the  success  of  the  Oregon  Central  Rail- 
roail, — West  side.  He  built  by  contract  some 
twenty  bridges  on  the  Mountain  section  of  the 
road  west  of  I'ortland,  investing  over  §60,000 
in  the  undertaking,  and  if  he  had  not  given  the 
aid  he  did  th*i  west  side  of  the  Willamette  would 
not  have  secured  a  railroad  for  ten  years,  lie 
became  a  member  and  large  contributor  of  the 
I'atrons  of  Iluibandry  in  Oregon  upon  its  or- 
ganization. He  with  others  organized  the  or- 
der intj  a  busineiis  known  as  the  Northwestern 
Storage  and  Shipping  Company,  and  this  com- 
pany rendered  the  farmers  great  assistance  in 
the  pundiase  and  importation  of  wagons  and 
farm  machinery,  ai.d  the  sale  of  them  at  cost 
and  freights,  reducing  the  cost  about  33  per 
cent.  In  all  his  business  affairs  General  Coffin 
was  characterized  by  .'iberality  and  public  spirit. 
He  gave  the  city  of  Portland  the  public  levee, 
now  worth  hundreds  of  thouRands  of  dollars, 
.  besides  giving  largely  to  churches  and  schools. 
Professor  Crawford  says  in  a  history  of  Port- 
land schools,  "There  are  on  file  several  news- 


paper items  praising  several  citizens  for  their 
liberal  donations  of  lots  and  blocks  for  school 
purposes.  It  certainly  will  not  harm  any  one  to 
say  that  in  all  my  researches  I  have  found  but 
one-half  block  owned  by  the  district  that  came 
into  its  possession  as  a  free  gift.  The  north 
half  of  block  134  was  a  donation  from  Stephen 
('offin,  and  he  afterward  gave  the  present  site, 
a  half  a  block  in  exchange  for  it.  Every  lot  the 
ilistrict  owns,  aside  from  this  half  block,  has 
been  paid  for  with  coin  raised  by  taxation." 
Coffin  and  (Jhapman  also  gave  two  whole  blocks 
to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  an  academy  for  the  boys  and  a 
seminary  for  girls,  and  out  of  the  sale  of  this 
property'  has  grown  the  handsome  Medical  Col- 
lege building  at  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  and 
C  streets.  The  first  school  and  church  bell  in 
the  city  was  purchased  by  General  Coffin  of  the 
Meneeley  Bell  Foundry  of  Troy,  New  York,  and 
raised  on  the  tirst  school  building.  When  no 
longer  used  there  Mr.  Coffin  gave  it  to  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Ciiurch,  and  it  now  hangs 
in  tlKi  belfry  of  the  Taylor  Street  Church.  He 
always  treated  all  the  emigrants  in  a  kind  and 
friendly  manner  and  made  them  welcome  to 
his  house.  He  was  a  man  of  great  business 
ability. 

Not  only  was  he  a  great  man  in  private  life, 
but  also  in  time  of  danger  he  showed  his  met 
tie.  When  the  Yakima  Indian  war  broke  out, 
in  1855,  he  was  the  tirst  man  to  move  for  de- 
fense of  the  settlers.  There  were  plenty  of  vol- 
unteers, but  no  means  of  transportation,  but 
(reiuM-al  Coffin  was  equal  to  the  emergency.  He 
provided  the  steamboat  at  his  own  expense, 
with  an  ample  supj)ly  of  provisions  and  blank- 
ets for  a  month's  campaign.  He  took  the  Port- 
land company  to  the  seat  of  war  in  time  to  save 
Lieutenant  Sheridan  from  annihilation  in  his 
tirst  battle  at  the  Cascades.  He  never  made 
any  claim  on  the  Government  for  this  expense. 

In  1801  it  was  necessary  to  'vithdraw  all  the 
troops  from  Washington,  Ongon  and  Idaho, 
and  this  left  thousand  of  miles  of  frontier  ex- 
posed to  attacks  from  the  Inilians.  It  was  nec- 
essary to  act  promptly,  Washington  and  Idaho 
being  weak  Territories,  could  do  but  little  and 
Governor  Gibbs,  of  Oregon,  knowing  General 
Coffin's  executive  ability  and  taste  for  military 
affairs,  commissioned  him  as  Hrigadier-Creneral 
in  command  of  all  the  Oregon  Militia.  In  less 
than  sixty  days  General  Coffin  raised  and  put  in 
the  tield  one  full  regiment  of  infantry  luid  one 


niSTORY    OF    OREGON. 


583 


of  cavalry  and  with  these  effective  forces  the 
forts  were  fully  garrisoned  and  a  sufficient 
scouting  troop  placed  on  the  frontier. 

In  politics  General  Coffin  was  a  Repuhlican. 
He  was  one  of  the  "Old  Guard''  and  original 
organizers  of  the  party  in  Oregon.  In  his  pri- 
vate life  he  was  difitingiiished  for  purity  and 
charity.  He  was  a  good  friend  and  met  mis- 
fortune not  only  with  courage,  i)ut  even  with 
philosophical  cheerfulness.  Few  men  had  a 
wider  acquaintance.  His  religious  views  were 
hi'oad  and  liberal  and  while  acting  in  the  main 
with  Methodist  denomination  he  freely  oper- 
ated with  all  other  good  people  and  aimed  so 
to  live  and  when  actually  confronted  with 
death,  with  all  his  faculties  as  clear  as  in  the 
noon  day  of  his  strength,  he  went  down  to 
his  grave,  as  in  the  words  of  Bryant: 

"  Not  like  a  quarry  slave  at  night, 

Scourged  to  his  dungeon,  but,  sustained  and  sootbed 

Hy  nn  unfaltering  trust,  approach  thy  grave 

Lilie  one  who  draws  the  drapery  of  his  couch 

About  him,  and  lies  down  to  pleasant  dreams." 


-=*^< 


J-^=- 


[EORGE  WOODWARD,  a  prominent  busi 
ness  man  and  highly  respected  citizen  of 
Portland  Oregon,  was  born   in   Windsor 
county,  Vermont,  March  1,   1835. 

ills  ancestors  were  of  Revolutionary  stock 
and  settled  in  Connecticut  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  His  parents,  Captain  Henry  and 
Jane  (Connell)  Woodward,  settled  in  Ilartland, 
Windsor  county,  where  his  father  engaged  in 
farming  and  milling,  in  which  he  continued  to 
be  interested  until  a  sliort  time  previous  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  in  1873.  He  was  a  man  of 
superior  ability  and  incontrovertible  integrity, 
and  was  greatly  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him. 
The  devoted  wife  and  mother  still  survives,  at 
the  age  of  eighty-two  years,  and  resides  in  Prov- 
idence, Rhode  Island,  with  her  daughter,  Mrs. 
Fred  J.  Marcy. 

The  subject  of  this  sketcli  was  educated  at 
the  Meriden  Academy,  Meriden,  I^ew  Hamp- 
shire, and  at  Newberry  Academy  at  Newberry, 
Vermont,  where  he  was  educated  to  be  a  civil 
engineer.  He  arranged  to  go  West  to  start  in 
business,  but  being  an  only  son,  his  father  inaile 
him  a  proposition,  with  the  object  of  inducing 
him  to  remain  at  home,  offering  to  purchase 
for  his  son  a  farm  of  250  acres,  which  was 
highly  improved,  and  one  of  the  finest   in  the 


State.  The  offer  was  accepted,  and  although 
but  a  lad  of  twenty  years,  he,  under  the  advice 
of  his  father,  assumed  the  entire  management, 
and  operated  the  farm  very  successfully  for 
eight  years,  when  he  sold  out. 

In  the  fall  of  1862  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Ellen  M.  Richardson,  an  educated  and  accom- 
plished lady,  and  a  daughter  of  Paul  D.  Rich- 
ardson, a  representative  merchant  and  business 
man  of  Ilartlaiui. 

Soon  tiring  of  idleness,  Mr.  Woodward  pur- 
chased the  merchandise  stock  of  his  father-in- 
law,  and  without  knowledge  of  the  mercantile 
pursuits,  engaged  actively  in  trade,  and  l)y  es- 
tablishing a  cash  basis  of  operations,  revolu- 
tionized the  mercantile  business  of  Ilartland. 
He  continued  very  successfully  in  this  business 
for  several  years,  when,  deciding  that  the  op- 
portunities of  the  t(>wn  were  too  limited  for  his 
ambition,  he  sold  his  interests,  wiih  the  inten- 
tion of  emigrating  to  the  Pacific  coast.  Walla 
Walla,  Wasiiington, was  made  the  objective  point. 
Accordingly,  Mr.  Woodward  and  family,  accom- 
panied by  his  brother-in-law,  Benjamin  H. 
Conch  and  family,  crossed  the  continent  by  rail, 
in  1870,  to  Siui  Francisco,  whence  they  went  by 
steamer  to  !*o,"tland.  In  the  latter  place  they 
passed  a  week,  wJien  they  proceeded  to  Walla 
Walla.  This,  they  found  to  be  a  new  and  un- 
developed town,  so  they  returned  to  Portland 
for  settlement.  Messrs.  Woodward  and  Conch 
then  decided  to  engage  in  the  wool  business, 
the  latter  being  an  experienced  buyer,  but  find- 
ing all  the  wool  bought  up  for  that  season,  Mr. 
Conch  became  disgusted  with  the  country  and 
returned  with  his  family  to  the  Eas^t.  Mr. 
Woodward,  however,  remained  to  improve  the 
opportunities  so  abundantly  offered. 

In  the  fall  of  1870  he  purchased  one-third 
interest  in  the  real-estate  firm  of  Russell  & 
Ferry,  and  I  hey  for  three  years,  conducted  a 
very  large  and  profitable  real-estate  business. 
The  firm  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Woodward  en- 
gaged in  fire  insurance  as  special  agent  for  the 
Pha'iiix  Insurance  Company;  he  also  organized 
the  State  for  the  California  and  Commercial 
Companies,  and  was  actively  engaged  as  special 
agent  and  adjuster  until  1880,  when  he  discon- 
tinued the  business.  Mr.  Woodward  has  also 
been  largely  interested  in  buying  and  handling 
wool  since  1872,  and  sent  about  the  first  car- 
load ever  shipped  direct  from  Oregon  to  the 
extreme  East.  Having  large  warehouses  and 
facilities  for  grading  and  packing  he   bought 


E* 


1 


I      ! 


I 


III 


.'(■' 


.11     . 


p. 


58 1 


itistoiiY  OF  ou/^noJv. 


extensively  for  Eastern  niiiiiufiu',turers  unil  also 
on  joint  account  for  large  I'oaton  wool  iioiises. 
Since  1885  ^[i'.  Woodward  has  not  been  actively 
engaged  in  any  business,  except  tlie  loaning  of 
money  and  the  care  of  his  various  ))roperty  in- 
terests. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Woodward  have  two  children, 
Nannie  II.,  now  Mrs.  .lohn  II  (,'oncli,  of  Cnu- 
cord,  New  Hampshire;  and  Jennie,  who  is  beinjr 
educated  at  I'eralta  Hall,   Berkeley,  California. 

Nfr.  Woodward  is  a  cautious,  painstaking 
business  man,  quick  to  discern  and  ])roinpt  to 
act,  and  has,  by  his  habits  of  perseverance  and 
integrity,  attained  a  prominent  and  honorable 
position  among  the  citizens  of  Oregon's  metrop- 
olis. 

-^m^'^ — 

tN.  RON  EV,  the  representative  builder 
and  contractor  of  Eugene,  was  born  in 
*  Auglaize  county,  (Jhio,  September  2, 
18."53.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Caroline  (Lev 
ering)  Roney,  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
the  former  born  in  Montgomery  county,  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1807,  and  the  latter  in  Philadelphia 
county,  July  20,  1813.  The  great-grandfather 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  but  his  grandfather  was  born  in  the 
Keystone  State.  Mr.  Roney's  parents  were 
married  in  his  mother'.s  native  county,  March 
23,  1834-,  and  imnieiliately  removed  to  Au- 
glaize county,  Ohio,  where  Mr.  Roney  was  en- 
gaged in  farming.  They  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1870,  where  he  also  followed  farming.  In 
1878  they  emigrated  thence  to  Oregon,  settling 
in  Lane  county,  where  Mr.  Roney  died  March 
7,  1885,  aged  seventy-eight  years;  his  widow 
still  survives,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine. 
They  had  twelve  children,  nine  of  whom  sur- 
vive, the  subject  of  this  sketch  being  the 
youngest  of  the  living  children.  Two  of  the 
sons  passed  through  the  civil  war  of  18()l-'(55, 
and  were  with  the  army  of  General  "Sherman 
in  his  great  march  to  the  sea. 

L.  ^(.  Roney's  early  educational  advantages 
were  necessarily  limited,  as  his  services  were 
requiretl  on  the  farm.  He  remained  with  his 
parents  until  nineteen  years  of  age  and  then 
engaged  in  learning  the  car|)enter  trade  as  the 
foundation  of  self-support.  He  served  an  ap- 
prenticeship of  tiiree  years  in  Missouri.  In 
1870  he  came  to  Oregon  and  locateil  at  Eugene 


in  the  ein])loy  of  the  bridge-builders,  iMessrs. 
Miller  and  Son.  Hie  first  work  was  upon  the 
wooden  iiridge  across  the  Willamette  river.  He 
remained  with  this  tirm  until  1882,  engaged  in 
county  and  railroad  bridge-building  through 
Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho.  In  1882  he 
was  employed  by  the  State  as  superintendent  of 
{•onstruction  of  -  Villard  Hall,"  one  of  the 
university  buildings  at  Eugene.  Since  then 
ho  has  been  engaged  in  contracting  and  build- 
ing, and  he  has  made  bridges  a  specialty. 
Excepting  two  years  with  W.  H.  Abrams  he  has 
been  alone  in  business.  Many  of  the  finer 
residences  and  business  blocks  of  Eugene  and 
adjoining  towns  are  evidences  of  his  mechanical 
skill,  while  in  bridge  building  he  has  been  em- 
ployed throughout  the  State.  His  own  elegant 
residence  was  constructed  on  the  corner  of  Sixth 
and  Jefferson  streets  in  1890. 

He  was  marri-ed  in  Hoise  City,  Idaho,  June 
5,  188'J,  to  Mrs.  Orilla  (i.  (Baker)  Humphery, 
of  Oregon,  and  the  daughter  of  ('aptain  flohn 
Baker,  of  Salem,  pioneer  of  1847,  who  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  and  settled  at  Oregon 
City,  operating  the  lirst  hotel  of  that  town,  but 
subsequently  taking  a  donation  claim  near 
Salem,  upon  a  portion  of  which  he  still  resides. 

Mr.  Iloney  is  a  metnber  of  the  Masonic 
order,  and  was  elected  Master  of  the  Eugene 
Lodge,  No.  11,  F.  &  A.  M.,  taking  the  chair  in 
December,  1892.  Ho  is  an  active  worker  of 
the  Republican  party,  though  not  an  ofttce- 
seeker,  and  his  life  is  devoted  to  his  business 
relations,  in  which  he  holds  an  enviable  posi-- 
tion  and  reputation  for  skill  and  workmanship. 


fP.  CARDWELL  is  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1852,  who,  during  the  administration 
*  of  Abraham  Lincoln  in  18(i4,  became 
connected  with  the  Internal  Revenue  Depart- 
ment of  Oregon,  and  for  twr'.ty-one  consecu- 
tive years  jjcrformed  prompt  and  faithful  serv- 
ice to  his  State  and  country.  He  was  born 
upon  the  farm  near  Springfield,  Illinois,  in 
1832.  ('For  sketch  of  ancestry  the  reader  is 
referred  to  tlu^  biography  of  J.  R.  (Jardwell, 
which  ap])ears  in  this  history.)  His  education 
was  secured  at  Horace  Spaulding's  Grammar 
school  at  .lack.sonville,  IllinoiB,  the  prominent 
institution  of  tluit  locality  and  period.  Out  of 
school    his  time   was  occupied   upon    the  farm, 


IIISTOIIY    OF    OnEGON. 


088 


witli  its  manifold  duties.  In  1852,  witli  his 
pureiitu  and  eii,'lit  brothers  and  sisters  they  set 
out  upon  their  long  journey  to  Orefron,  starting 
with  ample  provisions  and  conveniences  packed 
upon  two  wagons,  four  yoke  of  oxen  to  each 
wagon,  and  the  subject,  being  the  second  eldest 
(diild,  had  charj^e  of  one  team,  which  he  drove 
all  the  way  across.  Travel  was  impeded  that 
year  liy  the  cholera  among  the  emigrants  and 
sickness  among  the  animals,  and  the  Cardwed 
party  landed  in  Oregon  with  one  wagon  and 
three  yoke  of  oxen.  Tijo  family  settled  at 
Marysville,  the  name  being  afterward  changed 
to  Corvallis. 

On  his  arrival  our  subject  began  work  with 
his  uncle,  Hamilton  Campbell,  residing  in 
Marion  county,  and  a  pioneer  of  1831),  who  came 
to  the  State  with  Jason  Lee,  of  missionary  fame; 
with  him  our  subject  renniined  until  1853,  then 
went  to  Corvallis,  and  with  Samuel  Alexander 
ei'gaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  which  was 
continued  about  one  year,  when  they  sold  out 
their  stock,  purchased  a  small  pack  train  and 
began  packing  from  Corvallis  to  Jacksonville 
and  Vreka  n)ines.  J^urchasing  their  own  stock 
of  tlour,  butter  and  miners'  supplies,  and  then 
selling  to  merchants  or  miners.  This  was  car- 
ried on  with  profit  for  about  eighteen  months, 
when  they  sold  the  train  to  13.  F.  Dowell,  who 
was  fitting  out  an  escort  to  protect  the  incom- 
ing immigrants  from  the  Indians. 

Mr.  Cardwell  then  purchased  a  claim  in  con- 
nection with  W.  M.  Carter  of  Benton  county,  a 
pioneer  of  1852,  and  together  they  engaged  in 
the  stock  business,  which  was  followed  until 
1851),  when  subject  sold  his  interest  and  stock 
and  came  to  Portland,  and  the  photoffra])hic 
firm  of  Huchtcl  itC'ardwel!  was  then  organized, 
with  galleries  located  at  Salem,  Corvallis,  As- 
toria and  the  Dalles.  They  carried  on  a  large 
and  lucrative  business  for  about  five  years, 
when  Mr.  (."ardwell  sold  his  interest  and  retired 
from  the  firm. 

In  September,  1864,  Mr.  Cardwell  was  ap- 
pointed, under  President  Lincoln's  administra- 
tion, Assistant  Assessor  and  Deputy  Collector  of 
Internal  Revenue  for  the  District  of  ( >r('gon,  and 
remained  in  that  capacity  until  July,  1885, 
when,  with  the  changed  administration,  resig- 
nations were  in  order  and  accepted.  Mr.  Card- 
well  then  formed  a  partnership  with  V>.  E. 
Lippincott  to  engage  in  the  real  estate  and 
custom-house  brokerage '.-usiness,  which  is  still 
continued. 


He  was  married  in  I5enton  county  in  1856, 
to  Miss  Abbie  AI.  Clark,  daughter  of  William 
Clark,  of  South  Hadley,  Massachusetts,  who  emi- 
itrated  to  Ore<ion  in  1853.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cardwell 
have  one  child,  Herbert  W.,  a  graduate  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  New 
York  city,  and  now  a  physician  in  the  city  of 
Portland. 

Mr.  Cardwell  still  resides  in  the  old  home,  on 
the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Harrison  streets, 
which  he  established  in  1860.  For  seven  years 
he  has  been  on  the  Poard  of  Police  (Jomniis- 
sioners,  first  appointed  by  Governor/'.  T.  Jloody, 
and  subsequently  elected  by  the  Republican  party. 
He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  is  presi- 
dent of  Lone  Fir  Cemetery,  also  vice-presi- 
dent of  Ancient  Order  Huilding  Association, 
member  of  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  stockholder  and 
director  of  the  Union  15anking  Company.  He 
is  actively  interested  in  all  enterprises  wdiich 
tend  toward  the  growth  and  development  of  his 
State  and  city. 


^^(Il:®^*^ 


^ON.  STEWART  P..  EAKIN,  cashier  of 
the  First  National  Pank  of  Eugene  was 
born  in  Elgin,  Kane  county,  Illinois, 
August  28,  1846.  Ilia  father,  Stewart  B.  Epkin, 
was  from  Ireland,  and  emigrate'!  to  A  merit ::  in 
1841.  He  settled  in  Illinois  and  engaged  in 
farming,  lie  was  married  in  Kane  county  to 
Miss  Catharine  McEldowney,  of  the  same  State. 
In  1854  they  removed  to  Hloom,  a  suburb  of 
Chicago,  now  called  Chicago  Heights,  and  there 
engaged  in  mercantile  busines.  Here  he  was 
made  Postmaster  and  held  that  position  for 
twelve  years,  and  resigned,  sold  his  store  and 
with  his  family,  composed  of  his  wife]and  nine 
children,  and  his  parents,  both  upwardof  eighty 
years  of  age,  he  started  overland  for  Oregon. 
Ho  was  well  eqniped  with  liglit  and  heavy 
wagons  and  fifteen  jwwerful  rnulos.  The  jour- 
ney was  without  unusual  incident, 'until  they 
approached  Fort  Laramie,  when  one  of  the 
children  fell  from  the  wagon,  was  run  over  and 
his  leg  broken.  Medical  service  was  procured 
at  the  fort,  the  bone  set  and  after  a  few  days, 
Viitli  boyish  vigor  the  bones  began  to  knit. 
They  crossed  by  the  Barlow  route  and  landed 
in  Eugene,  September  4, 1866,  after  four  months 
of  travel,  making  a  rapid  and  satisfactory  jour- 
ney.    Mr.  Eakin  then   purchased  630  acres  of 


586 


HISTORY    OF    OliKOON. 


'^: 


land  two  ft:id  one  half  miles  west  of  Eugene  and 
he  followed  fanning  nntil  1875,  when  lie  re- 
moved to  Kiiffene.  Here  lie  passed  his  closing 
years  in  teai'liiiig  practical  Christianity  according 
to  his  Presbyterian  faith,  livinjj  up  to  his  helief 
in  both  example  anil  precept.  He  died  in  1892, 
March  12,  aged  seventy-seven  years. 

Stewart  Eakin  received  hiseducation  in  Bloom. 
When  he  was  twelve  years  old  he  entered  his 
father's  store,  before  and  after  school  hours,  anil 
his  bed  was  in  the  store  building  up  to  the  time 
of  their  departure  for  Oregon.  He  drove  one 
team  across  the  plains  and  j)as8ed  the  first  win- 
ter in  Oregon  with  his  parents,  but  bef];an  clerk- 
inir  ii'  the  store  of  Peters  &  Par.^ons  in  April 
1807.  Here  he  continued  nntil  1870,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  sheep  business,  but  as  he  had  no 
experience  disease  entered  his  flock  and  he  was 
glad  to  sell  out  in  a  year,  a  sadder,  but  wiser  man. 
Ho  then  secured  a  clerkship  with  F.  B.  Dunn, 
and  remained  in  his  store  until  the  spring  of 
1874,  when,  unsolicited,  he  was  nominated  as 
Sheriff  of  the  Republican  party  and  was  elected 
by  one  majority,  the  county  being  strongly 
1  democratic.  He  then  entered  upon  the  dis- 
charge  of  his  duties,  and  served  with  so  much 
satisfaction  that  in  1870  he  was  re-nominated 
and  elected  by  330  majority,  and  was  again 
nominated  in  1878,  continuing  in  the  office  un- 
til 1880,  when  he  began  clerking  for  T.  G. 
Hendricks  and  remained  one  year.  In  1881  he 
made  his  first  eastern  trip,  and  passed  six 
months  midst  old  and  new  scenes.  Returning 
to  Eugene  in  the  spring  of  1882  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  being  the  only  Repub- 
lican elected  from  Lane  county.  In  1883  lie 
entered  into  partnership  with  T.  (t.  Hendricks, 
with  the  firm  name  of  Hendricks  &  PZakin  as  a 
private  banking  house,  and  in  January  1886 
they  secured  their  charter  from  those  in  authori- 
ty for  a  national  bank  and  thus  established  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Eugene,  which  began 
business  March  9,  1880,  with  a  paid-up  capital 
of  $50,000.  Mr.  Eakin  was  elected  and  con- 
tinned  in  the  position  of  cashier.  He  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Eugene  Water  Works 
Company,  in  1887,  and  has  continued  treasurer 
of  the  company.  In  1888  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  from  Lane  county,  being  the  first 
Repulilican  Senator  from  that  county  in  eighteen 
years.  During  his  political  career  Mr.  Eakin 
has  never  been  defeated. 

lie  was  married  in  Eugene  in  1871,  to  Miss 
Eliza  Hadley,  a  pioneer  of  tiie  early  fifties.     In 


1870  Mr.  Eakin  bought  his  present  homo  on 
the  corner  of  Eighth  and  High  streets  and  he 
there  rebuilt  in  1878,  and  in  1891  lie  bougiit 
the  homestead  with  forty  acres  of  land  to  pre- 
serve in  the  family.  He  is  a  man  of  honor  and 
can  be  trusted  in  every  way. 


IILBERT  ALLISON  ADAMS,  the  able 
principal  of  the  Stephens  Public  School  of 
Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1803. 

He  was  raised  in  Ohio  and  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  that  State,  finishing  his  studies 
at  the  Ohio  Normal  University,  at  which  he 
graduated  in  1885.  lie  taught  in  the  district 
Bciiools  to  obtain  the  means  with  which  to 
pursue  his  college  course. 

After  graduating  he  taught  as  principal  of 
schools  in  his  native  State.  In  1888,  liov.  jver, 
he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  secured 
the  principalsliip  of  the  school  at  Newport,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  for  one  term,  when,  in 
the  fall  of  1888,  he  was  appointed  principal  of 
the  Stephens  school,  and  is  now  serving  his 
fifth  year  in  that  position.  Ho  has  000  pupils 
divided  into  twelve  departments,  taught  by 
twelve  teachers,  excluding  himself.  He  is  con- 
scientious and  painstaking  in  his  work,  pro- 
gressive, and  laudably  eunilons  of  the  work  of 
an  educator. 

Professor  Adams  has  invested  in  Portland 
property,  having  always  had  a  most  implicit 
faith  in  her  future  greatness,  wliicii  confidence 
has  been  fully  rewarded. 

He  is  a  highly  respected  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  belonging  to  the  Encampment  branch, 
the  subordinate  and  Rebekali  lodges,  in  each  of 
which  he  has  been  an  active  and  honored  member. 

Oregon  prides  herself  on  her  prominence  in 
almost  every  branch  of  pursuit,  wlietlier  com- 
mercial, agricultural,  scientific  or  educational, 
and  she  is  certainly  justified  in  her  gratification. 
She  would  not  be  American,  were  she  other 
than  emulous  of  all  that  is  good  and  great. 
Perhaps  her  greatest  point  of  self-gratulation  is 
her  public  school  system,  on  which  she  spares 
neither  money  nor  pains,  securing  the  best  edu- 
cators in  the  country  and  paying  them  liberally 
for  their  services.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  no  exception   to  the  general  rule  of  ability 


aisTonr  of  ojieooh. 


887 


but  ratlier  takes  a  prominent  position  among  the 
universally  meritorious  educators  of  the  com- 
monwealth, and  is  deservedly  popular,  not  only 
with  his  coworkers,  but  with  all  of  his  lellow- 
men. 


Thomas  cox,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852,  and  an  Indian  war  veteran,  is  the 
subject  of  the  present  sketch.  Ho  was 
born  in  Urooke  county,  Virginia,  March  19, 
1825.  Grandfather  Michael  Co.x  lived  in  Ohio 
county,  Virginia,  reared  a  family,  lived  to  be 
seventy-five  years  of  age,  a  portion  of  his  life 
having  been  spent  in  Pennsylvania,  where  our 
subject's  father,  Samuel,  was  born,  near  Browns- 
ville, in  1800.  While  still  ii  boy  the  family  re- 
moved to  Virginia,  and  there  Mr.  Cox,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  married  Miss  Nancy 
Rogers,  a  native  of  Washington  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. They  had  a  family  of  nine  children, 
of  whom  they  reared  seven.  The  mother  died 
in  her  I'orty-hrst  year,  while  the  father  lived  to 
be  eighty-one. 

Our  subject  was  the  second  child  in  the  fam- 
ily, and  he  resided  in  Virginia  until  his  twenty- 
third  year.  He  then  went  to  Illinois,  and  taught 
school  in  Woodford  county  during  the  winter 
of  1851-52.  In  1852  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  and  that  was  the  year  of  cholera,  many 
dying,  but  he  escaped.  He  came  as  a  young 
and  single  man,  paid  $85,  stood  guard  night 
after  night,  and  drove  an  ox  team,  all  for  the 
privilege  of  coming  with  the  company,  and  for 
his  board.  He  arrived  at  Portland  September 
12,  1852.  That  city  had  just  begun  to  grow. 
Here  our  subject  was  prostrated  with  a  bad 
attack  of  typhoid  fever,  and  all  of  his  money  was 
spent  in  paying  his  way  through  this  sickness. 
Later  our  subject  came  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
where  he  taught  school  in  the  McBride  neigh- 
borhood, and  boarded  with  the  good  doctor  for 
a  part  of  the  time.  In  1855,  when  the  Yakima 
war  broke  out,  he  volunteered,  furnished  his 
own  horse  and  outfit,  and  served  through  the 
seige.  Several  times  he  was  in  danger  from  his 
engagement  in  running  fights  with  the  Indians 
and  while  off  with  scouting  parties,  and  suffered 
much  hardship  and  hunger,  being  obliged  to 
subsist  on  horseflesh  for  a  time.  After  the  war 
was  over  he  returned  to  the  valley,  where  he 
taught  school  for  about  five  years,  and  was  en- 


gaged in  other  work  for  some  nine  years  in 
Yam  Hill  county. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  March 
6,  1861,  to  Miss  Emn)a  W.  Torrance,  a  native 
of  Massachusetts,  born  February  27.  1842,  and 
was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  .leduthan  Torrance,  of 
that  State.  They  were  early  settlers  of  New 
Kngland,  and  came  to  Oregon  in  1854,  and  now 
reside  in  Yam  Hill  county.  He  has  reached 
the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

After  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cox  moved  to 
Tillamook  county,  where  they  purchased  a  pre- 
emption right,  and  changed  it  to  a  horaesttwi. 
They  obtained  J 60  acres  of  land,  where  they 
resided  and  were  prospered,  carrying  on  dairy- 
ing and  selling  their  butter  in  Portland,  doing 
well.  They  raised  stock  also  and  sold  hay,  ami 
were  on  that  farm  for  seventeen  v^''"""*-  '^i'- 
tiring  from  the  farm,  he  caine  to  Forest  Grove, 
purchased  a  block,  resided  there,  and  sent  the 
children  to  college.  They  remained  in  Forest 
Grove  seven  years,  and  in  1884  he  purchased 
ninety-nine  acres,  six  miles  northwest  of  Forest 
Grove,  on  Gale's  creek.  Here  he  built  a  good 
residence  and  improved  the  property,  and  is  re- 
siding there  at  the  present  time.  He  farms  his 
lands,  loans  his  money,  and  is  now  somewhat 
retired  from  business. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cox  are  worthy  members  of 
the  Missionary  Baptist  Church,  and  for  this 
body  he  has  done  everything  in  his  power.  He 
was  reared  a  Deinocrat,  but  when  the  war  began 
his  sympathies  were  with  the  North,  but  is  now 
independent  (.nd  is  a  strong  temperance  man. 
They  have  had  four  children,  namely:  Ethe  W., 
at  home;  Mark  T.,  a  teacher;  Emma  I.,  died  of 
quick  consumption,  .January  15,  1888.  in  her 
nineteenth  year;  and  Ada  May,  at  lionie.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Cox  are  highly  respected  citizf:i'  of 
the  State,  in  which  they  have  so  long  resided. 
They  have  worked  hard,  and  deserve  thg  success 
they  have  attained. 

jILTON  P.  SMITH,  a  representative 
fanner  of  Washington  county,  Oregon, 
is  a  pioneer  of  1853.  He  was  born  in 
Illinois,  September  18,  1837,  son  of  Even  and 
Hannah  (Turner)  Smith,  who  removed  to  Mis- 
souri and  from  there  to  Arkansas.  The  father 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk  wa^",  and 
finally  died    in   Wright  county,  Missouri.     Of 


088 


niaroHY  of  oBEaoN. 


the  fnniily  of  twelve  cliildrcii  boni  to  liiiimulf 
and  wife,  only  four  iiiv  now  liviiifr.  Our  siili- 
ject  WHS  rciireil  in  Arkaiisii8  from  liis  fourth  to 
iiis  aixteeiitli  yuar,  at  whicli  ago  ho  started  to 
cross  tlie  jilains  with  his  unchf.  Tlioy  came  to 
Orej^on,  the  journey  lieing  a  safe  one,  hut  on 
tile  way  ^[|•.  Smith  had  the  niountain  fever, 
from  whieii  he  fortunately  recovered.  After 
arriving  in  J'ortland  he  worked  nt  cutting  cord- 
wood  and  hurniug  coal.  His  first  winter  he 
worked  in  a  sawmill,  and  the  next  summer  was 
spent  in  delivering  wood  to  the  steamhoats.  In 
the  spring  of  1S55  ho  went  overland  to  Cali- 
fornia with  o.xun,  and  his  first  summer  in  that 
State  was  passed  in  work  on  a  farm  in  Scott's 
valley.  In  tlu^  fall  he  worked  in  the  mines,  re- 
maining in  then)  until  the  following  spring, 
when  ho  engaged  in  teaming  with  seven  yokes 
of  oxen,  and  was  among  the  first  of  the  team- 
sters in  that  section.  After  this  he  mined  on 
Indian  creek,  in  Siskiyou  county,  until  the  fall 
of  1838.  By  this  time  he  had  saved  $5,000, 
which  he  put  at  interest  and  returned  to  Port- 
land. From  this  city  he  came  to  Washington 
co\inty  and  worked  in  a  sawmill  for  two  years, 
after  whicli  ho  returned  to  California  to  look 
after  his  money,  which  was  loaned  out.  The 
mines  had  failed,  heing  at  bed  rock,  although 
at  the  time  Mr.  Smith  let  thcni  have  his  money 
they  were  considered  to  be  very  rich.  One  of 
the  miners,  a  Mr.  Brewster,  had  $496,  hnt  he 
also  had  lost  his  all,  while  another  poor  hut 
honest  man  had  $J!5()  more  of  Mr.  Smith's 
money,  hut  lie  kindly  allowed  hotli  m?n  to  keep 
the  money.  It  was  a  serious  loss  to  him,  and 
he  spent  ahont  $400  in  trying  to  recover  his 
money,  hut  finally  concluded  that  he  w^ould 
liavo  to  heifin  at  the  hottoin  of  the  ladder  aifain, 
so  he  purchased  a  steer,  broke  anotliei',  went  in 
debt  for  a  wagon,  and  engaged  in  hauling  lum- 
ber, in  which  occupation  he  made  money.  In 
time  he  repaid  the  money  on  his  wagon,  pur- 
chased otlier  teams,  and  bought  a  fine  team  of 
liorses,  which  he  sent  to  Oregon.  He  then 
purchased  a  load  of  provisions  and  supplies, 
and  with  his  ox  team  and  wagon  hauled  them 
to  the  mines  at  Canon  City,  where  lie  found  a 
ready  sale  for  his  goods.  Here  he  again  en- 
gaged in  mining,  later  in  the  butcher  business, 
ill  both  of  which  he  made  money.  He  also  en- 
gaged in  the  dairy  business,  going  from  that  to 
mining,  but  in  1807  came  to  Oregon  and  rented 
two  farms,  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits 
for  a  year.      He  then  purchased,  in  partnership 


witli  Mr.  J(jlin  15.  Kellogg,  a  hotel  and  land, 
52x75  feet,  near  the  iijiper  bridge  in  i'ortland, 
where  ho  reiviained  over  a  year,  making  boots 
and  shoes,  while  his  partner  ran  a  hotel.  At 
tha  expiration  of  that  time  Mr.  Smith  traded 
his  intereat  in  the  property  for  320  acres  of 
land,  paying  8300  additional.  He  has  worked 
hard  on  this  property,  to  which  he  removed  in 
1860,  and  has  since  prospered  on  account  of 
his  industry  and  economy. 

In  1872  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Sarah  Ti- 
gard,  a  native  of  Washington  county,  Oregon, 
born  in  1854,  daughter  of  Mr.  Wilson  Tigard, 
an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Smith  have  had  three  children,  namely:  Alpha, 
Annie  and  Willie;  the  latter  died  in  liis  second 
year,  but  the  others  are  at  home  with  their 
parents.  Mr.  Smith  carries  on  genenil  farming 
on  his  property,  and  also  raises  fine  draft 
horses.  He  has  passed  through  eoino  very 
rough  experiences  on  the  coast,  hut  through  it 
all  retained  his  native  nobleness  of  nature.  In 
politics  he  is  a  stanch  Republican,  supporting 
the  principles  of  that  party  upon  any  and  all 
occasions.  In  every  way  Mr.  Smith  is  o.io  of 
Oregon's  most  reliable  and  valued  citizens. 


--^€ 


Srr, 


ILLIAM  GLADSTONE  STEEL  is  a 
native  of  Staflbid,  Monroe  county, 
Ohio,  born  September  7,  1854.  His 
father,  William  Steel,  reformer,  was  born  in 
Biggar,  Scotland,  August  20, 1809,  and  died  in 
I'ortland,  Oregon,  January  5,  1881.  lie  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  1817, 
and  settled  near  Winchester,  Virijinia.  but  re- 
moved  soon  afterward  to  ^Monroe  county,  Ohio, 
where  from  1830  to  the  civil  war  he  was  an 
active  worker  in  the  "underground  railroad,"  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  earliest  organizers. 
During  these  years  large  numbers  of  slaves 
were  assisted  to  escape  to  Canada,  and  in  no 
single  instance  was  one  retaken  after  reaching 
him.  At  one  time  the  slaveholders  of  Vir- 
ginia ofl'ered  $5,000  for  his  head,  when  he 
promptly  addressed  the  committee,  offering  to 
bring  it  to  them  if  the  money  was  placed  in 
responsible  hands!  He  acquired  a  fortune  as  a 
merchant,  but  lost  it  in  1844.  From  1872  to 
his  death  he  resided  with  his  sons  in  Oregon. 
In  the  early  days  of  the  anti-slavery  movement 
Mr.    Steel    was    the    rpcogniited   leader  of    the 


18    a 


^'V'bvfr,  Y*.-^i^JVl* 


>1 


<nH:noN. 


589 


.4 


i 


1  ilififljf   j«riy  />•. 
.   ii  silotefl   ill  eiuit  ri 
«'i.)Hu  sigtion*  it^;ii'ii' 
1  '  hf>  woiilil  i'mi»ii';j|.i4 

.  j   ,    '  lilll'/l        ('jl'lopt'lllll  I 

•."i«i'iiv,  V(<1.  NipiigH  fl5l>.i     Tli«- 
•  .,    .-.iliject.  Kli/iilietli  (Lowry)  Htt>«'l 
«^'..  it  i'HUm   of  V'irj^iiiiii,  itii<l  Iiit  lUi('o«tf'i»  «>•;• 
iiiiioMj;  »tu<  Diiti'li  colonial   BettiiTH  o!    i'«'i'ii»v' 
Miiiin. 

Tile  ('iliiciitionnl   H(tvaiitB>;eR  <»f    Willimn   '• 
Sr»'cl  wcr<i   ^«ry  mcRgur,  l)oiiii/ i-ontinml  fi'  iii' 
li»tri<'t  Hclidul   five    iniltw  iliMtiiiil,  to   wlii/|;   i.c 
"iilki'il  daily,  until  the  fiuiiiiy  ri'iimvi-.)  »,    I'  -i 
land  III   1872;  lie  lliuii  fiilvitnl  ri.' 
wlidro  lio  wits   n  i-lmlent    f..i    ,  ;l- 
After    I'.'aviii^    wh'H«l   h 
Smilli   l{r"i'"i-         '■ 
tho  trwlv 

irnf       ■■ 


of     '-i 
|i«r!y. 

SUtlllliiT  M' 

to  I'oftlaM-i       1 . 

I(e>t«ll     »,llt>     (;!,'  ' 

<)n'gi)ii    a- 

liinn^r  s!i|i| 

timieil  njx'ii  in 

a  pijfiition    «•■< 

laiul.  mit)  Will  )• 

ii)t(iiKlfiil.  h!ih 

ndiiiiiiihtiutx.Ti 

f'titate  l'i!iiii(f«s,  ^i).:  ■    ■ 

tfe  St(vl  \»4*   foniR.'i 

C.    Wx'M  jinijccfii    •!•' 

I  ><>(ijjl«(i  coiKity,  tij  tiic   ■■ 

river  iwii1  Con*  l«y. 

Siiu-e  1873  Mr.  .Hteoi  ■  >    i 

estcd  in  LXplorafioiiu  of  ttii- 
188")  hin  iiitentions  weff  dm  .i  'i.  >  .-.tM-i  u*!. 
in  Klatiiatii  county.  Visltiu);  (.Im  RjX't,  l.'i  wm 
80  deeply  impressed  with  'hf  Ihwiiity  am!  gran- 
deur '.I'  i\h'.  i'lirrotindingg  that  ho  iinineiliately 
look  ''ti^pa  Toward  havin}»  tli«  plact  pet  aside  us 
i\  iirtlionai  {ifcrk  f)uring  the  summer  of  ISSf. 
the  f'nif.M!  '^tiit.'»fteol(>|jical  Survey  was  ordered 
to  cxairiiiitf  li '  '  ''->  n..MH.  -.i-i.-iy  trani»!K)rte<t 
by  rail   a  didtA  ■  ,    .'arrJeA    IfK) 

iriilef)   intd   t'\.  •    :     '..'f.    1.-,  i':  h.-' 

over  a  cliff  l.t'n  .  -.^h,   luie  dilticnlt  task 

87 


i<-.MMiiplioli(>d,  till'    lonndiiigs  wi'io  iiiii(K>, 

v<i-i  fiiiiiul  that  I  hi'  water  iiicaHii red  2,008 

•t'p;   tin*   Inlcp   is   '-ix    hy    hcvcii   iiiilos  in 

i«iid  i'l  hiitiroly  sii;  loiindi"!  hy  clill'r^  from 

•.J,ltl'<»   fe.it   1;  j;h.      Another  of   Mr. 

..■(■(•••ni     wii-   the     illiiiiiiimtion     of 

■• '  -  li'st  iittiMii|)tcd  .1  Illy  4, 

'    ''V  aeeoiiiplirthed    until 

■  *i.ii  ■■e«nlte<l  in  the  orf;aii- 

A  'pino  Cliil)   in  ( (etolior, 

■i     •    'I'  the   heautifnl    little 

'     ^i     intaiiis   of  Orei^on;" 

I  he   natural  resources 

■ii>'  -l«»ii     md  in  the   ])res-"va- 

»  liiKbuy 


j?"', 


■  ,   Afayor  id'  I'ortland, 
.''                                     ■       '  ly  collier  to  Orei^on, 

''  .  V'  ideiitilif(l  with  her 

■  '  1  those  of  her  chief 

Pacihc   Northwest. 
I'c  HI    1881,   haviii;;  coiiio 
•  1.  !-,  ami  soon  afterward  em- 
'i'.!i-(>ale  jrriM-ery  trade.     In  1885 
;:  .1  of  MaBoii,  Mlirnian  &  Co.,  was 
iiid   *ooii   took    I'unk   as   one  of  the 
.  ■K-aiitilo  hoiiw:?-  of  the  city,    while 
i.'vjime  knov^n  ar  one  nf  the  soiind- 
I  hi'o)  pri)f(n-*.^i\c  of  I'lisiiiess  men. 
.    •:  idmlilyiiiif  hiiiiself  «  ith    Portland,  Mr. 
Ma«^tl  IiA-i    wortevl   with   the  idea  in  view  that 
''■■■   'ih-aiH-eMient  of  the  interests  of  the  hiisi- 
^en   ))iti»t  go  hniid  in  hand  with  the  pro- 
p's vf  the  city,  and   hence   its  welfare  has  re- 
'imd   the   benelit   of    iiiiicl.    'f   his  etierffy  and 

Wluri    what    is    IK>^^    the  consolidated 

'  ''ortlnnd  was  coinpiiff   of  several  separ- 

•t     'orprmitioii;,    each     workinjf 

■  .',1    ,..,■,., .,,,)!    tly   not    for    the 

•  citizens  recog- 

jisting  condition 

i.i  ',k    to    Portland, 

II  1  over  the  world 

V  '.  .'   •  'i  tables  must  bo 

j>  :    ;   1-  territory  within 

t'  '-.   ,v!i:le  leavinnj    .ut  a 

1 .  .«<  portion  of    the  conii'nercial 

fv..;,.  v   4  }»art  of  the  city   in  every- 

thing .1      for  H  nytitinetriial  system  of  iin- 

1      ■ '.  'ci  .iiuncrous  oihor  reasons,  the 

best  interests  of  the  city  demanded  a  union  of 


'     i 


UISTOUY    OF    OREGON. 


Abolitionists  ill  soutbeastorn  Ohio.  Tie  was  at 
one  time  a  candidate  of  the  l,iberty  ])ttrty  for 
ConfrreBs,  and  in  I'^ii-l  circulated  in  eastern 
Ohio  the  great  petition,  whose  signers  agreed 
to  vote  for  Henry  (Hay  if  ho  would  emancipate 
his  one  slave.  (Apnleton's  (Cyclopedia  of 
American  Hiography,  Vol.  V,  page  G5U.)  The 
mother  of  our  subject,  lillizabeth  (Lowry)  Steel, 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  her  ancestors  wore 
among  the  Dutch  colonial  settlers  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The  educational  advantages  of  William  G. 
Steel  were  very  meager,  being  confined  to  the 
district  school  five  miles  distant,  to  which  he 
walked  daily,  until  the  family  removed  to  Port- 
land in  1872;  he  then  entered  the  higii  school, 
where  he  was  a  student  for  -eighteen  months. 
After  leaving  school  he  was  apprenticed  to 
Smith  Brothers,  iron  manufacturers,  to  learn 
the  trade  of  pattei'ii-makiiig;  he  served  three 
years  and  then  engaged  in  newspaper  work,  lill- 
ing  various  jweitions  until  the  fall  of  1879. 
when  he  went  to  Albany,  Linn  county,  and 
established  the  Albany  Herald  for  the  purpose 
of  carrying  the  county  for  the  Kepublican 
party,  whicii  effort  wab  unsuccesBful.  In  the 
summer  of  1880  he  sold  his  paper  and  returned 
to  Portland.  Here  he  and  his  brother  David 
began  the  publication  of  the  Resources  of 
Oregon  and  Washington,  but  the  enterprise 
being  supported  by  Henry  Villard,  was  discon- 
tinued upon  his  failure.  Mr.  Steel  then  secured 
a  position  as  substitute  l(»tter-carrier  in  Port- 
land, and  was  promoted  lo  the  position  of  Super- 
intendent, which  he  iiiled  until  the  Cleveland 
administration,  lie  next  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  business,  and  in  181)1  the  firm  of  AVilbur 
&  Steel  was  formed.  In  1881)  Mr.  Steel  and 
C.  Heald  projected  the  railroad  from  Drain, 
Douglas  county,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua 
river  and  (loos  bay. 

Since  1875  .Mr.  Steel  bi's  been  deeply  inter- 
ested in  explorations  of  the  mountains,  ami  in 
1885  his  attentions  were  drawn  to  Crater  lake 
in  KhiMiath  county.  Visiting  the  s])ot,  ho  was 
so  deeply  impressed  with  the  beauty  and  gran- 
deur of  the  surroundings  that  he  immediately 
took  steps  toward  having  the  place  set  aside  as 
a  national  park.  Dur'ug  the  summer  of  1880 
tiie  United  States  Geological  Survey  wasordered 
to  e.\attrine  the  lakft.  Boats  were  transported 
by  rail  a  distance  of  343  miles,  carried  100 
miles  into  the  mou'itains,  wnd  then  launched 
over  a  cliif  1,000  feet  liigh;  this  ditliicult  task 

37 


safely  accom])lished,  the  soundings  were  made, 
and  it  was  found  tiiat  the  water  measured  2,008 
feet  deep;  the  lake  is  six  by  seven  miles  in 
extent,  and  is  entirely  surrounded  by  cliffs  from 
500  to  over  2,000  feet  high.  Another  of  Mr. 
Steel's  conceptions  w.as  the  illumination  of 
Mount  Hood,  whicli  was  first  attempted  duly  4, 
1880,  but  not  successfully  accomplished  until 
July  4,  1887.  This  effort  resulted  in  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Oregon  Alpine  Club  in  October, 
1887.  He  is  the  author  of  the  beautiful  little 
volume  entitled, ''The  Mountains  of  Oregon;" 
he  is  deeply  interested  in  the  natural  resources 
and  beauties  of  the  state,  and  in  the  preserva- 
tion of  her  early  history. 


tOX.  W.  S.  MASON,  Mayor  of  Portland, 
does  not  innk  as  an  early  comer  to  Oregon, 
tiiough  now  thoroughly  identified  with  her 
interests,  and  esjiecially  with  those  of  her  chief 
eity,  the  metropolis  of  the  Pacific  Northwest. 
He  arrived  in  tliis  State  in  1881.  having  come 
from  southern  Illinois,  and  soon  afterward  em- 
barked in  the  wholesale  grocery  trade.  In  1885 
the  present  firm  of  Mason,  Kluiuan  &  Co.,  was 
organized,  and  soon  took  rank  as  one  of  the 
foremost  mercantile  houses  of  the  city,  while 
Mr.  Mason  became  known  as  one  of  the  sound- 
est and  most  jirogressive  of  business  men. 

Since  identifying  himself  with  Portland,  Mr. 
Mason  has  worked  with  the  idea  in  view  that 
the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  tiie  busi- 
ness men  must  go  hand  in  hand  with  the  pro- 
gress of  the  city,  and  hence  its  welfare  has  re- 
ceived the  benelit  of  much  of  his  energy  and 
ability.  When  what  is  now  the  consolidated 
city  of  Portland  rtas  composed  of  several  separ- 
ate and  distinct  corporations,  each  working 
indeiK'tidently,  and  eonscijuently  not  for  the 
general  welfare,  all  fur-seeing  citizens  recog- 
nized the  fact  that  the  tiien  existing  condition 
of  affairs  was  a  great  drawback  to  Portland, 
minimizing  her  importance  all  over  the  world 
where  her  place  in  eom|)arative  tables  must  bo 
governed  by  the  figures  for  the  territory  within 
the  actual  corporate  limits,  while  leaving  out  a 
large  anil  growing  portion  of  the  conuiiercial 
center— actually  a  part  of  the  city  in  every- 
thing but  name;  for  a  symmetrical  system  of  im- 
provement, and  for  numenuis  other  reasons,  the 
i)est  interests  of  the  city  demanded  a  union  of 


590 


HISTORY    OF   OREOON. 


itc  varioiift  parts — of  I'oi'thimi,  East  Portland 
and  Alliiiia — but  tliere  wt-ro  many  wlio  foi- self- 
interest  foiiiid  it  conveiiieiit  to  strenuously  op- 
))Ose  consolidation,  and  in  fact  there  were  in- 
nutnerahie  olistaoles  to  be  overcome  before  the 
advocates  of  a  united  Portland  conld  brinj^ 
about  a  realization  of  their  great  ])nrpose. 
These  matters  are  treated  of  in  detail  in  the 
proper  place  in  this  volume,  but  a  ret'erence  to 
this  important  ])oint  in  the  citY's  history  is 
necessary  in  this  connection  as  ^Ir.  Mason  was 
a  recognized  leader  in  the  tight  which  resulted 
in  more  good  for  Portland  than  any  one  thing 
that  has  occurred  since  the  fouudiiisf  of  the  city, 
and  which  gave  to  her,  lu-r  proper  raiik  among 
the  municipalities  of  the  United  States.  Not 
as  a  ))olitician.  but  a  broad-minded,  patriotic 
citizen  of  a  city,  which  needed  onlyambition  to 
make  it  great,  be  spent  much  of  his  time  dur- 
ing the  session  of  the  Legislature.  18!K)-'!}1,  at 
the  State  Capital,  urujini.'  the  legislation  which 
should  inaugurate  the  movement  in  view,  and 
until  the  submission  of  the  proposition  to  the 
vote  of  the  people,  on  June  1, 1891.  he  was  one 
of  the  foremost  spirits  in  the  bringing  about 
the  successful  culmination  of  the  project.  In 
Lis  work  before  tlie  I.,egii'lature,  Mr.  Mason's 
reputation  for  personal  integrity,  and  his  high 
standing  in  commercial  circles,  gained  for  him 
the  respect  and  attention  of  all  with  whom  he 
came  in  contact. 

According  to  the  terms  of  the  consolidation 
act,  the  election  for  the  choice  of  city  officers 
was  set  for  the  loth  of  June,  1891,  and  the 
citizens  of  Portland,  irre.spei^tive  of  ])arty, 
formed  a  committee  of  100  to  choose  a  candi- 
date for  ifayor.  Mr.  Mason  was  at  once  se- 
lected by  tliem  for  the  honor  of  becoming  the 
first  chief  executive  of  the  united  city,  bnt  he 
refused  to  entertain  the  projiosition.  The  citi- 
zens, however,  mindful  of  his  most  valuable 
services  so  recently  i'end(  red.  ai:<i  desirous  of 
inaugurating  the  Ciireer  of  the  new  Portland  with 
a  reign  of  good  government,  insisted  so  strongly 
U|)on  his  accepting  the  first  place  on  the  ticket, 
that  lie  found  it  necessary  to  reconsider  his 
former  determination.  The  result  of  the  elec- 
tion was  to  make  him  Afayor  of  the  city  by  an 
overwhi^lmiug  majority. 

Having  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  Mayor- 
alty. Mr.  Mason  proceeded  to  show  that  he  re- 
garded the  prerogatives  of  the  otlice  which  had 
been  conferred  ujhjii  him  by  the  people,  as  a 
trust,  and  he  has  ke|)t  it  well.      His  every  effort 


in  an  official  eajiacity  has  been  in  the  direction 
of  affording  to  the  city  a  good  government,  and 
the  closing  of  the  year  1892  signalizes  a  tri- 
umj)h  of  reform  metliods,  for  which  Mr.  Mason 
receives  the  highest  credit.  Indeed,  it  cannot 
he  denied  that  the  comparatively  short  ])eriod 
from  the  commencement  of  the  real  light  for 
consolidation  up  to  this  writing,  with  the  re- 
forms, progress  and  improvements  accoin[)lished 
and  inaugurated,  mark  by  far  the  most  import- 
ant epoch  in  the  history  of  the  city,  and  the  part 
taken  in  the  project  by  the  subject  of  this  men- 
tion, is  an  essential  portion  of  that  history. 

Mr.  Mason  is  a  Uepublicaii  in  politics,  and  ii 
consistent  supporter  of  his  party's  interests,  but 
in  his  administration  of  his  office  he  is  not  a 
politician  or  a  partisan,  but  a  public  spirited 
representative  of  the  jniople. 

He  is  essentially  a  man  of  affairs  and  leads  a 
busy  life.  Besides  his  ofKcial  duties  and  the 
care  and  attention  he  must  devote  to  his  large 
wholesale  biisiness,  he  has  other  active  business 
connections,  being  President  of  the  Portland 
National  i'ank,  a  position  which  he  has  held 
since  the  organization  of  that  institution,  as  well 
as  first  vice-president  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce. 

Though  not  claiming  so  many  years  of  resi- 
dence here  as  many  other  citizens,  Mr.  Mann's 
connection  with  public  and  commercial  aflairs 
has  been  so  intimate  that  a  brief  reference  to 
his  antecedents  and  early  life  becomes  a  valu- 
able contribution  to  the  history  of  the  city  and 
State.  He  was  born  in  Prince  William  county, 
Virginia,  May  '25,  1832,  and  ca'ne  of  one  of 
of  the  families  of  the  old  Dominion,  his 
ancestors  in  this  country,  English  peo[)le  by 
birth,  having  sett'ed  there  as  early  as  1640. 
His  parents  were  people  of  moderate  means, 
and  lie  conimenced  a  career  of  activity  at  an 
early  age.  his  first  employment  being  as  clerk 
in  a  store,  when  he  was  twelve  years  old.  His 
Hclin(d  facilities  wttre  limited,  but  he  was  a  gn  at 
reader,  and  through  his  own  efforts  secure(l  very 
creditable  educational  advantages.  When  he 
was  a  boy  liis  parents  removed  from  Virginia 
to  Ohio,  au'l  thonce  again  to  Iowa,  where  lie 
also  sold  gootl-'.  He  was  twenty-four  years  of 
ai;e  when  the  family  removed  to  sonthern  Illi- 
nois, and  tliire  he  entered  u|)on  a  career  in  rail- 
road life,  which  coritinued  for  twenty-five  years, 
or  until  he  ca  ne  to  Oregon. 

Mr.  Mason  bears  a  reputation  in  otlicial  busi- 
ness and  private  circles  above  reproach,  and  en- 


inSTOIii'    OF    OREGON. 


Ml 


joys  tlm  highest  esteem  of  the  best  class  of  citi- 
zens.    He  is  a  niein'jpr  of  the   Masonic  onJor 
of  long  standing,  and   is  a  charter  inunihur  of 
the  faiiions  Golden  Gate  Ooniniandery,  Knights 
Templars,  of  San  Francisco. 

>i()N.  T.  G.  HENDRICKS,  president  of.'iie 
First  National  Bank  of  Eugene,  was  iiorn 
Henderson  county,  Illinois,  Jutie  IV,  1838. 
His  father,  James  M.  Hendricks,  'vas  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  sub  ,;queiitly  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Briston,  of  Virginir.,  the  daughter  of 
Elijah  Hriston,  the  tirst  .settljr  of  Lane  county, 
Oregon.  His  early  life  wr.s  spent  in  the  woods 
of  Virginia,  where  he  became  accustomed  to 
the  woi  'sinan'o  ways  ard  the  use  of  fire  arms, 
and  became  noted  as  a  i  expert  marksman  and 
liunter.  Emigrating  to  Kentucky  he  learned 
the  trade  of  biacksmi  h  and  this  in  connection 
with  his  farming  occipied  his  life.  With  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  if  1812,  he  was  the  tirst 
from  his  locality  to  volunteer.  Declining  the 
command  of  a  company  he  entered  the  company 
of  (}ai)tain  Kennedy  ,uid  served  with  distinc- 
tion in  the  campaign  of  General  Jackson  against 
the  Creek  Indians.  His  a^^tirate  marksman- 
sliip  soon  brought  him  under  the  notice  of  Gen- 
eral Jackson  and  he  was  frequently  detailed  to 
special  service,  scouting,  etc.  One  incident  he 
used  to  relate  with  amusing  detail  as  illustrat- 
ing "Old  Hickory's"  violent  temj)er  and  arbi- 
trary disposition,  was  something  as  follows:  He 
was  very  anxious  to  shoot  beeves,  so  he  took  his 
trusty  ritie  and  started  for  the  cattle-pens  near 
the  camp,  but  was  stopped  by  a  sentinel,  w!io 
refused  to  let  him  pass  without  the  countersign. 
He  returned  to  General  Jackson  to  get  it,  l)ut 
lie  was  in  one  of  his  humors  and  refused  to  let 
him  have  it,  saying  that  h»^  had  sent  him  out  to 
shoot  beeves  and  not  to  get  the  countersign. 
That  was  enough  for  Mr.  Tiriston.  He  walked 
back  to  the  line  of  the  sentinel's  beat  and  began 
to  shoot  down  the  cattle  on  the  hillside  at  long 
range.  On  learning  what  was  being  done.  Jack- 
80!i  ordered  the  sentry  to  let  "that  d — d  siiarp- 
sliooter  pass  the  lines."  From  Kentucky,  Mr. 
Briston  emigrated  to  Illinois,  where  he  engaged 
with  great  bravery  in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  In 
1845  he  crossed  the  plains  to  tJalifornia  and 
tbencfe  Oregon  in  1840,  settling  in  the  npj)er 
fork  of  (ho  Willamette  river   and  built  the  tirst 


house  in  Lane  county.  He  located  lands  tor 
himself  and  his  family,  who  catne  out  in  1848. 
He  established  the  first  school  district  in  Lane 
county,  and  he  was  prominent  in  State  and 
county  organization. 

James  M.  Herw];-ii^ks  and  wife  settled  in  Hen- 
derson county,  Illinois,  ind  followed  farming 
until  1848,  when  they  crosE'^d  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  with  ox  teams  and  a  nun\ijer  of  loose 
cattle.  Their  trip  was  uneventful,  except  the 
frequent  stainpeding  of  their  cattle  by  the 
Buifalo  Indians  and  Mormons,  ('rossing  by 
Barlow  route,  they  arrived  in  Oregon  in  Octo- 
ber, following,  joining  Elijah  Briston  at  I'leas- 
ant  Hill.  They  then  engaged  in  farming  and  the 
stock   business. 

T.  G.  Hendricks  was  educated  in  the  tirat 
district  school  and  at  the  Cascade  Academy  in 
the  same  locality.  Remaining  on  the  farm  un- 
til 1858  he  then  came  to  Eugene  and  entered 
the  store  of  E.  L.  Briston  as  clerk,  and  in 
1860  bought  an  interest  in  the  business,  which 
was  a  mercantile  one.  The  firm  of  E.  L.  Bris- 
ton &  Company  was  then  established.  In  1800 
they  erected  the  tirst  brick  building  that  was 
put  np  in  Lanecounty  on  the  northwest  corner  of 
Willamette  and  Ninth  streets,  which  they  occu- 
pied for  mercantile  purposes.  In  187;J  Mr. 
Briston  sold  his  interest  to  W.  W.  Briston  and 
he  died  in  1874.  Through  his  death  Mr.  Hen- 
dricks became  sole  owner  and  pro|)rietor  and 
continued  the  store  until  1884,  when  he  sold 
the  stock,  but  still  owns  the  building.  In  1883 
the  partnership  of  Hendricks  &  Eakin  was  or- 
ganized to  conduct  a  banking  business.  They 
erected  a  two  story  brick  building  20x05  feet 
for  bank  purposes,  on  West  Willamette  street, 
between  Eighth  and  Nintti,  and  manifested 
their  enterprising  spirit  by  introilucing  pi:  te 
glass  into  their  front  finish.  Januiiry,  1884, 
they  opened  their  doors  for  banking  purposes 
with  an  authorized  capital  of  850,000,  continu- 
ing until  February,  1886,  they  then  reorganized 
and  established  the  First  National  Bank  of  Eu- 
gene, with  a  paid  up  ca|iital  of  $50,000.  Mr. 
Hendricks  was  elected  president  and  he  contin- 
ues in  that  capacity. 

He  owns  160  acres  of  land  adjoining  Eu- 
gene, known  as  Ilendrick's  addition  to  College 
I'ark.  and  other  valuable  residence  and  busi- 
ness property,  including  his  residence  on  West 
Ninth  street. 

He  was  married  in  18()1,  his  wife  surviving 
but  a  few  years,   leaving  one  daughter,  Ida  B., 


m 


lit" 


r)92 


niSTOHY    OF    OJifCGOX. 


iiuw  wil'u  ol'  F.  L.  Chiiiiiburs,  a  ]in)iiiiiiC'iit  liaril- 
warc  inofcaiit  of  Eii^eiio.  Mr.  llciulricks  mar- 
ried aijaiii  in  ICiiucnc,  in  18(J7,  to  ^[iss  ^fartiia 
A.  Stuwart,  dauohtur  of  Klias  Stewart,  pioneer  of 
1852.  They  liave  iind  two  children,  Ada  D. 
and   llnhy  V. 

Mr.  Hendricks  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and 
was  elected  one  of  the  lirst  Counuilinen  of  Eu- 
ireiie.  lie  has  served  several  terms  in  that  ca- 
j)aeity  and  one  term  as  ]\Iayor.  lie  served 
eijj;lit  years  as  superintendent  of  schools,  and  in 
1880  was  elected  Senator  from  Lane  county. 
lie  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  I'niversity 
of  Oregon,  was  a  incmhor  of  the  hnildinfj  com- 
mittee, and  has  held  the  position  of  regent  and 
chairman  of  the  executive  comuiittee  sii  ",ethe 
incorporation.  lie  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  EuiTcne  Water  Works  in  1887,  and  lias  con- 
tinned  as  tlirector.  lie  is  a  menil)er  of  I.  ().  ().  V. 
and  is  recognized  as  one  of  tlie  ablest  business 
men  of  Eugene. 


—:$-»' 


«|li»®®f€*^- 


§()N.  JOHN  II.  .McCLUNG,  one  of  the 
rej)resentative  men  of  Eugene,  was  born  in 
Seneca  county,  Ohio,  September  10, 1837. 
His  father,  JaiTie.-;  L.  McOluni;,  was  a  native  of 
Seneca,  New  York,  but  removed  to  Ohio  about 
1834,  and  was  engaged  in  contractino-  and  build- 
ing. He  was  married  in  that  State  to  Miss 
(Cynthia  L.  Parsons,  rcn  aining  in  Seneca 
county  until  1844,  then  removed  to  La  Porto 
county,  Indiana,  continuing  his  trade  until  his 
death  in  1850.  His  widow  subsequently  mar- 
ried Bell  Jennings,  a  merchant  of  La  J'ortc 
county,  and  in  1850  the  entire  family  removed 
to  Oregon  and  located  at  Eugene  (-ity. 

John  H.  was  educated  in  Indiana  and  began 
his  mercantile  life  at  the  age  of  fourteen  in  the 
Btore  of  his  stepfather.  When  he  went  to  Ore- 
gon. He  first  visited  the  old  home  in  Seneca 
county.  New  York,  and  from  there  to  New 
York  city.  From  there  be  embarked  fer  <  )re- 
gon  via  Isthmus  of  i'anama.  In  crossing  the 
Isthmus  he  was  in  that  terrible  railroad  accident 
that  killed  sixty  people  and  wounded  many 
more,  but  Mr.  McClung  was  uninjured.  Pro- 
ceeding by  steamer  from  Panama,  the  journey 
was  uneventful  and  lu^  ultimately  landed  at 
Eugene  City,  Oregon,  Juno  2,  1850.  John 
purchased  a  farm  six  miles  west  of  town  and 
farmed   until  1858,  when  he  with  his  family. 


who  came  later,  removed  to  Eugene.  John 
then  attended  school  through  the  winter  and 
in  the  spring  of  1859  bought  with  Thomas 
Uelshaw,  a  drug  store  of  L.  Danforth,  being 
the  only  drug  store  in  Lane  county.  This 
partnership  contir.ued  until  1803,  when  they 
sold  out  to  Air.  Jennings  and  startrd  for  the 
Salmon  river  mines,  packing  acr6s8  the  mount- 
ains. Duly  arriving,  they  purchased  claims 
of  Ilev.  (-rustavus  llines  and  cleared  grubs  and 
mined  through  the  summer,  liarely  piiyi'ig 
expenses,  however,  so  in  the  fall  he  returned  to 
Eugene.  Mr.  McClimg  then  purchased  a  half 
in  the  drug  business  with  his  stepfather  aiul 
contitiued  in  that  business  ut;til  1800.  At 
the  same  time  he  was  deputy  in  the  Sur- 
veyor-General's ofiice,  the  two  positions  occupy- 
ing his  time  from  early  morn  to  ten  o'clock 
at  night.  In  1806  he  returned  to  farming 
near  Oreswell  where  he  and  Mr.  Jennings  had 
purchased  400  acres  of  lapd  and  in  1808  he 
itought  ilr.  Jennings'  interest.  In  tliat  fall 
ho  returned  to  Eugene  and  to  the  Surveyor- 
General's  oliice,  and  studied  surveying  and  in 
the  spring  of  180'.*,  took  a  contract  for  govern- 
ment woik  east  of  the  moulitains  with  J.  W. 
Meldrum.  Securing  new  contnacts  each  season 
Mr.  McClung  continued  surveying  until  tho 
fall  of  1872,  but  returned  to  his  farm  in  the 
spring  of  1878  and  remained  there  for  three 
years,  when  he  was  elected  superintendent  of 
Lane  County  Mercantile  Association,  composed 
of  Lane  county  grangers,  with  store  established 
at  Eugene,  lie  continued  in  this  jiosition  un- 
til January  1,  1883,  when  he  entered  into  part- 
nership with  A.  .I.Johnson  and  purch.'ised  the 
entire  stock  and  conducted  tho  same  as  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  until  November  22,  1890, 
when  Air.  .lohnson  retired  from  the  business 
and  Mr.  McClung  continued  it  aloncs  dealing 
only  in  dry  goods,  clothing  and  boots  and  shoes. 

Air.  McClung  was  married  to  Miss  Kate  Hen- 
derson, daughter  of  Rev.  ,f.  11.  D.  Henderson, 
a  pioneer  of  1852,  a  gentleman  of  considerable 
prominence.     He  was  elected  to  Congress. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McClung  have  three  children, 
Jessie  15. ,  Margaret  L.  and  Ina  I).  The  family 
reside  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  and  High  streets, 
where  Mr.  Mc('lung  built  in  187*.  He  is 
prominent  in  Ilepublican  politics,  and  in  1874 
waselect(Hl  to  the  liCgis'alure,  though  the  county 
was  strongly  Democratic.  With  the  incorpor- 
ation of  Eugene  he  was  elected  one  of  tlieCoun- 
cilmen  aii<l  has  served   in   that  capacity  nearly 


r 


ttisTORY   or  ORSaON. 


ever  since.  In  April,  1891,  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  tlic  citv,  whidi  oflice  lie  now  holds. 
Ilo  is  an  able  nianaf^or,  a  wise  adviser  and  is 
deeply  iiiterei.ted  in  every  enterprise  toward 
developing  his  ailopted  city.  He  is  a  niemlier 
of  Si)encer  Hutte  Lodge.  No.  9,  I.  <).  O.  F.,  in 
which  he  has  passed  the  chairs,  and  of  En<i;ene 
Lodge  No.  15.  A.  ().  U.  W. 


ll.LiAM  WILSON,  one  of  tlie  solid 
and  reliable  fanners  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  eanio  to  the  State  in 
1843.  and  is  a  native  of  Arkansas,  born  May 
1,  1820.  His  grandfather,  John  Wilson,  was 
boi'n  in  Ireland,  and  when  eight  years  of  age 
crossed  the  ocean  with  his  father,  who  was  a 
JiOyalist,  ai\d  was  killed  in  his  own  yard  during 
the  Revolutionary  war.  The  grandfather  set- 
tled in  Kentucky,  and  there  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Friend,  and  about  the  year  1800  they  re- 
moved to  Arkansas.  He  was  a  sadler,  antl  also 
a  farmer,  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  and  died  in 
that  State.  His  children  were:  .lames,  .loseph, 
Thomas,  John,  William  F.,  and  Sarah;  Sarah 
married  John  Pierce  Wilson,  and  William  Wil- 
son, the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  their  only 
child.  The  father  was  born  and  reared  in 
Kentucky,  whence  he  emigrated  to  Arkansas. 
He  died  in  1854,  the  mother  havini;  died  a 
number  of  years  previously.  When  a  lad.  the 
subject  of  this  notice  had  heard  his  grandfather 
say:  "  If  I  was  a  young  man  I  would  go  to  Cal- 
ifornia.'" When  he  was  a  little  older  he  read  a 
book  giving  a  description  of  the  country,  writ- 
ten by  Captain  Linn;  heard  men  talk  of  the 
I'acific  coast,  and  decided  that  there  would  be 
the  place  to  go  to  make  a  home  and  a  fortune. 
He  was  young  and  full  of  the  spirit  of  adven- 
ture, so  in  1843  he  joined  himself  to  ihe  emi- 
gration, and  that  year  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oreifon.  The  first  wagon  train  that  came  the 
whole  way  throi:gh  was  the  one  to  which  he 
was  attached. 

In  1841  he  had  married  Miss  Mary  Mills,  a 
nativ(>  of  Indiana,  who  was  born  in  1820,  and 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr,  Isaac  Mills.  One 
child,  John  R.,  was  born  in  their  Eastern  home, 
anil  with  his  young  wife  and  son,  our  subject 
undertook  the  great  journey.  The  company 
gathered  together  near  Westj)ort,  Missouri,  near 
the  Kansas  line,  where  they   remained  until  tiie 


18th  of  May.  This  was  the  first  great  emigra- 
tion, and  consisted  of  about  1.000  souls.  They 
were  thoroughly  equipped  for  the  journey,  and 
were  well  armed  for  that  time.  They  made  a 
wonderfully  successful  journey,  considering  that 
there  was"no  road,  and  that  no  wagons  had  been 
through  the  Dalles  before.  At  Fort  Hall  they 
were  urged  to  leave  the  wagons,  and  were  told 
that  it  would  be  impossible  to  go  through  with 
them,  but  Dr.  Whitman  insisted  that  it  could 
be  done,  so  they  took  his  advice  and  accom- 
plished it.  At  the  Dalles  Air.  Wilson  engaged  an 
Indian  to  carry  himself  and  wife  and  baby,  with 
their  effects,  across  to  Vancouver.  At  the  head 
of  the  Cascades  the  company  camped  for  the 
night.  The  late  ex-Senator  Nesmith,  of  Oregon, 
was  sergeant  of  the  guard  which  protected  the 
company  on  the  plains.  In  the  morning  Mr. 
Wilson  found  that  his  Indian  had  left  him,  and 
he  was  obliged  to  go  back  up  the  river  to  get 
another  Indian,  at  the  Indian  village.  It  was 
night  when  he  arrived,  and  as  they  all  refused 
to  accompany  him  until  morning,  he  was  obliged 
to  camp  out  all  alone.  The  second  Indian  took 
them  to  Vancouver.  The  next  settlement  was 
Oregon  City,  and  to  that  place  he  went  in 
search  of  work,  which  he  was  sticcessfnl  in  ob- 
taining, but  was  anxious  to  find  a  donation 
claim,  so  he  came  up  the  Willamette  river  with 
a  Mr.  Fletcher,  and  then  traversed  Washington 
county  on  foot.  After  looking  the  country  over, 
he  decideil  upon  G40  acres  of  land,  where  he 
now  resides.  The  family  came  to  live  on  this 
place  in  March,  1844,  he  having  built  a  little 
cheap  cabin  of  poles.  He  says  he  was  able  to 
roll  a  pretty  f.;ood-sized  log  at  that  time.  Here 
they  begin  with  little,  but  kept  ai  work,  per- 
severed and  prospered,  but  his  dear  wife  sick- 
ened iiiid  di(il  in  Jauuars ,  leaving  him  with 
two  little  children,  Rachel  being  the  second 
child.  This  was  a  terrible  bereavement  in  a 
strange  new  land.  He  placed  iiis  children  where 
they  would  be  cared  for.  with  his  wife's  brother 
and  vite,  and  then  went  to  the  gold  diggings  of 
Calilornia,  and  he  engaged  in  mining  on  the 
north  fork  of  the  American  river.  Here  he  was 
very  successful,  taking  out  two  or  three  ounces 
per  day.  In  the  fall  he  returned  to  Oregon, 
bringing  back  wiMi  him  quite  a  little  sack  of 
gold,  and  in  1850  ho  married  Mrs.  Sarali  Ted- 
well,  the  widow  of  .Mr.  Itoland  Tedwell.  She 
was  a  native  of  Alabama,  and  her  maiden  name 
had  been  I'hilips,  coming  to  <)r.>gon  in  1847. 
l>y  this  union  seven  children  w;'ie  born:  Will- 


I  it 


1^1 


pMl 


w 


,'ii)4 


IIISTOHY    OF    OHKnON. 


iiiin,  wlio  is  oil  part  of  the  land;  Tlidiims  .F.. 
wlio  died  July  13,  18l»l.  in  his  tliirty-nintli 
year;  Mnry  F.,  now  Mrs.  TlioniRo  Fowler,  re- 
sides in  Ililisboio;  Minerva  .lane  lieeaine  the 
wife  of  Hon.  .1.  C.  Moore,  of  Greenville;  James 
II.,  residing  on  the  farm;  Flora,  now  Mrs.  Hen- 
ry Carson,  who  resides  near  her  father;  and 
Annie,  now  Mrs.  Wort  Bacon,  resides  in  Pori- 
land.  Mrs.  Wilson  died  May  18,  1891.  She 
had  lieen  his  faitiiful  wife  tor  forty-one  years, 
and  had  lieeii  a  kind  and  indulgent  mother. 
Mr.  Wilf  11  has  parried  on  ireneral  fanning,  and 
after  a  few  ytare,  a  good,  snbsiantial  hewed-log 
house  took  the  jilace  of  the  jiole  house,  and 
later  lie  linilt  a  nice  residence,  and  now  is  resid- 
in  a  still  better  one  that  he  has  lately  liuilt.  He 
has  heen  a  ineiiiher  ot  tlie  Masonic  fraternity  tor 
a  nnniher  of  years,  and  a  stanch  Kepuhliean 
since  the  orfranization  of  the  jiarty.  He  has 
always  declined  ottiee,  only  consentiiifj  to  be  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  which  otHce  he  retained 
for  a  number  of  years.  For  forty-nine  years 
Mr.  Wilson  has  been  a  resident  of  Oregon,  and 
has  led  here  an  honoralile,  nprigbt  life,  and  is 
one  "f  the  most  solid  and  reliable  men  of  Wash- 
ington eonnty,  a  good  representative  of  the 
brave  Oregon  pioneers  of  1843. 


H.  TANNKU.  -  Prominent  among  the 
legal  profession  of  Oregon,  and  a  native 
•^  of  the  Territory,  formerly  embraced  by 
Oregon,  bnt  which,  upon  division  beeanie 
Washington,  we  find  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
Jii'lge  A.  II.  Tanner,  who  was  born  September 
9,  1855.  His  lather,  I>enjaniiii  F.  Tanner,  was 
a  native  of  Kentucky,  where  his  ancestors  liad 
lived  for  generations,  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  In  1850  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  where  he  arrived  safely,  after  the  usual 
incidents  of  that  long  and  perilous  journey.  In 
1851  bo  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  Turner  of  Ore- 
gon, but  a  native  of  Missouri,  w.ho  came  to  the 
Territory  of  Oregon  late  in  the  forties.  Locat- 
ing upon  320  acres  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Columbia  river,  Mr.  Tanner  followed  farming 
for  a  number  of  years,  then  removed  to  \'aui 
Hill  county,  Oregon,  and  now  resides  with  his 
son  in  the  city  of  Portland. 

The  boyhood  of  A.  H.  Tanner  was  passed 
uiion  the  farm,  and  his  education  completed  at 
Alonmouth    College,    Polk    county,    where    lie 


graduated  in  1874.  In  1875  lie  came  (o  Port- 
land and  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  tlie 
office  of  Dolph,  Hronaugh,  Dolph  and  Simon, 
and  excepting  one  year,  at  teaching  school,  lie 
followed  his  studies  until  1871),  when  he  passed 
before  the  Supreme  Court  in  his  examination,  at 
Salem,  and  was  at  once  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  then  commenced  to  practice  at  Portland  and 
subsequently  formed  a  partnership  with  Judge 
J.  C.  Moreland,  whicli  continueil  until  1883. 
In  1884  he  was  ajipointed  City  Attorney,  whicli 
position  he  held  continuously  until  1887,  when 
lie  entered  into  partnership  with  Senator  John 
H.  Mitchell,  and  the  tirm  of  Mitchell  &  Tan- 
ner is  still  continued.  In  1889  Mr.  Tanner  was 
apjiointed  Police  Judge,  which  position  he  re- 
signed in  April,  1891,  to  devote  liis  entire  time 
to  his  increasing  jiractice.  The  .Judge  has  fol- 
lowed a  general  practice,  which  has  been  quite 
large  and  quite  suc-essful.  For  several  years 
he  was  attorney  for  the  estate  of  Ben  Ilolladay, 
an  intricate  and  complicated  litigation,  from 
which  he  secured  a  considerable  sum  for  the 
legal  representatives. 

.Judge  Tanner  was  married  in  Sjiringfield, 
Lane  county,  Oregon,  in  1880,  to  Aliss  Sarah 
Marcilla  Kelly,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  .John  Kelly,  ex-Collector  of  Customs 
at  the  port  of  Portland,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1840,  and  still  residing  at  Springfield. 

Mrs.  Tanner  has  borne  her  hnsbaud  three 
children,  viz.:  Albert  H.,  Henrietta  E.  and 
John   M. 

The  J  udge  is  a  member  of  the  Portland  Lodge, 
No.  55,  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Ivanhoe  Lodge,  No. 
10,  K.  of  P.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators 
of  the  Citizen's  Real  Flstate  and  Investment 
Company,  and  is  a  director  of  the  West  I'ort- 
land  I'ark  Association,  and  has  private  inter- 
ests in  residence  ])roperty  about  the  city.  He 
is  endowed  with  keen  foresight  and  sound  judg- 
ment, and  being  of  a  studious  nature,  his  suc- 
cess is  merited.  He  is  an  honor  to  the  profes- 
sion to  which  he  belongs. 

-^-^■►^ 

fOIIN  R.  DUFF,  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  the  Fourth  .Judicial  District  of  Oregon, 
is  a  native  of  Perthshire,  Scotland,  born 
January  10,  1850.  His  paternal  ancestry  were 
agriculturists,  and  for  upward  of  200  years 
were  located    upon  the  same  farm,  engaged  in 


■-*l^ 


HISTOIcr    OF    ORKGON. 


695 


tlie  stock  industry.  His  mother  was  of  the 
Kohertson  family,  proiiiiiieiit  in  hiisiness  inter- 
ests in  tiio  loeaiity  of  Pertiisiiire.  Onr  snbject 
was  the  youngest  of  four  ciiildren,  and  Ijeing 
studiously  inclined,  at  the  age  of  live  years 
comnienced  his  education,  which  he  subse- 
quently completed  at  the  Perthshire  Seminary 
in  18(54.  lie  was  then  removed  from  school, 
and  was  apprenticed  to  James  Ritchie,  an  emi- 
nent civil  engineer  of  Perthshire,  to  receive  in- 
struction in  the  science  of  architecture  and 
engineering;  but  with  no  ambition  in  those 
ilirections,  the  duties  became  very  irksome,  and 
after  four  years  of  plodding  effort,  upon  the 
death  of  his  father  in  1868,  he  secured  a  re- 
lease from  his  apprentictMnent  and  struck  out 
for  America.  Meeting  upon  the  steamer  the 
superintendent  of  an  Arizona  mine,  young  Duff 
was  induced  to  try  his  fortunes  in  that  locality, 
and  at  Wickeiiburg,  Arizona,  as  a  day  laborer 
in  a  quartz  mine,  he  perfortned  the  hrst  hard 
work  of  his  life.  Unaccustoinod  to  exposure 
and  hardship,  lie  contracted  chills  and  fever, 
and  after  nine  months  of  sickness  he  sought  the 
more  genial  climate  of  California,  arriving  in 
June,  1809. 

He  then  journeyed  to  the  quicksilver  mines 
of  Pope  valley,  Napa  county,  and  there  mined 
until  1872,  when  be  went  to  San  Francisco  and 
procured  a  situation  as  deputy  to  Colonel  Steven- 
son, the  United  States  Shipping  Commissioner, 
and  in  that  department  remained  for  six  years. 
Mr.  Duff  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  in  1879, 
and  in  the  iail  of  that  ye'ir,  upon  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  free  delivery  system,  he  secured  a 
position  from  George  E.  Cole,  Postmaster- 
General,  as  the  first  carrier  who  went  out  of 
that  ottice,  and  after  nine  months  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  Money  Order  Clerk, 
which  position  he  held  for  three  years,  when, 
because  of  long  hours  and  too  close  application 
to  the  gaslight,  his  eyes  gave  out,  and  the  sight 
of  one  was  entirely  lost.  The  latter  part  of  his 
service  was  under  George  A.  Steel,  as  Post- 
master, and  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Duff  was  re- 
ceived with  regret,  as  by  his  efilcient  service  he 
had  become  a  valuable  man  in  the  department. 
He  then  accepted  the  position  as  chief  deputy 
under  J.  C.  Cartwright,  Collector  of  the  United 
States  Internal  Itevenue,  after  a  brief  engage- 
ment. He  then  accepted  a  position  under  F. 
N.  Shurtleff,  Collector  of  Customs,  as  weigher 
and  ganger,  which  place  he  filled  over  four  years. 
In   May,  1888,  lie  received  the  nomination. 


upon  the  Republican  ticket,  of  (Jlerk  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  and  was  elected  in  June  of  the 
sanu'  year,  by  a  large  majority,  and  was  re- 
elected in  June,  1890,  with  an  increased  majority. 
Mr.  Duff  was  tnarried  in  San  Franciseo,  in 
1878,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Adams  Reed,  daughter 
of  Charles  Reed,  a  prominent  and  successful 
financier  and  stock-broker  of  San  Francisco. 
Mr.  Duff  has  made  himself  popular  with  the 
legal  profession,  by  his  genial  good  nature,  bis 
accurate  business  methods,  and  his  prompt  at- 
tendance to  the  duties  of  the  court. 

ILLI AM  JASPER  MINTO  is  a  native 
of  the  State  of  Oregon,  born  April  27, 
1855,  five  miles  south  of  Salem,  upon 
the  donation   claim   of    his   father,   Hon.   John 
Minto.      In    his  youtii   he  enjoyed   the  educa- 
tional  advantages   afforded    by  the  Willamette 
University,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he 
went  to  learn  the  blacksmiths'  trade;  he  worked 
at  the  plow  factory,  and  upon  the  suspension  of 
this  establishment  ho  was  variously  employed 
until  its  reorganization;  he  then  continued  his 
term  of  apprenticeship,  and  when  it  was  finished 
went  into  the  foundry  of  the  Salem  Iron  Works, 
where  he  was  engaged  as  molder  for  four  years. 
In  the  spring  of  1876  he  purchased   one-half 
interest  in  a  band  of  1,700   sheep,  drove   them 
east  of  the  mountains  to  Rock  creek,   and   re- 
mained  there   until    the  fall  of  1879,  at  which 
time  the   herd    had   increased    to   7,747.     Tlie 
winter  snows  continuing  for  ninety-three  days, 
from  lack  of  feed  and  massing  together,  6,197 
bead  were  lost;  the  pelts  of  these  were  sold  for 
$1,687.     In  the  spring  of  1880  they  closed  out 
the  balance  of  the  herd,  and  returned  to  Salem. 
Mr.  Minto  then  secured  the  sand  contract  for 
the  insane  asylum,  the   hauling  of    which   con- 
tinued through  the   summer.     In  the  fall    he 
purchased    an    interest   in   the  truck  and  dray 
business  of  Colonel  Morgan,  and  in  1883  bought 
the  entire  concern,  which   he  consolidated   with 
the  Salem  Truck  and  Dray  Company,  owned  by 
O.  G.  Savage.     In   the  fall   of   1884  the  busi- 
ness was  divided,  Mr.  Minto  retaining  the  livery 
department,  which  he  operated  alone  until  1886; 
he   then   sold    a  one-fourth    interest  to    D.  C. 
Minto,  and  the  firm  of  Minto   Bros,  continued 
until  1888.     D.  C.  Minto  then  sold  his  interest 
to  W.  S.  Low,  and  the  present  firm  of  Minto  & 


59(1 


uisTonr  OF  orkooN. 


I  \ 


;  r.  i| 
111  i  'I 


Low  was  ostiiblislied.  Tlioy  have  a  fiiio  ^talilu 
at  thy  corner  of  Court  ami  Hif^li  streets,  and 
conduettlie  leadincr  livery  business  of  tiie  ])lace. 
They  keep  an  average  of  twenty-tive  liorses, 
light  and  heavy  wagons,  and  very  complete 
eiliiipinents;  they  also  hoard  about  thirty  horses 
for  business  men  of  the  city. 

Mr.  Minto  was  married  in  Salem,  in  ( )('tober, 
ISTt).  to  Miss  ^[illnie  K.  ityrne,  u  native  of 
Oi'egon,  who  died  .June  18,  187'J,  leavinif  one 
son.  named  Frank  Addison.  Mr.  Minto  was 
married  a  second  time,  March  18,  1883,  to  Mies 
I^uella  I'owell,  a  native  of  Oregon;  they  have 
one  child,  ISuena  May.  Our  worthy  subject  is 
a  member  of  Chemeket .  Lodge,  iNo.  1.  \.  O. 
( >.  K. ;  he  has  been  once  elected  a  member  of 
the  City  Council,  by  the  Kepublican  party,  from 
the  Fourth  Ward,  lie  is  a  young  man  of  many 
excellent  traits,  conducts  his  luisiness  in  the 
most  exemplary  manner,  and  has  the  regard  and 
esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

C.  IlOWAllI)  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 

Ohio,  bcirn  in  Lawience  county  in  1828. 

■^   11  is  father  was  burn  at  Richmond  Heights, 

Virginia,  his  ancestors  beinj;  amoiifj  the  colon- 
el o  r^ 

ists  of  that  State,  he  was  a  soldier  of  the  war 
of  1812,  being  under  General  .laekson  at  New 
Orleans;  thert!  he  was  wounded  so  seriously  that 
he  was  ever  afterwar<l  a  cripple;  he  died  in 
183(5,  at  the  age  of  eighty  two  years.  lie  was 
twice  married,  and  was  the  father  of  ten  chil- 
dren: 1).  C.  Howard,  the  youngest  of  the  family, 
passed  his  youth  on  his  father's  farm  in  Ohio, 
and  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  was  ileprived  of 
the  guidance  and  wise  counsel  of  his  father; 
his  mother  was  sjiared  to  him.  and  he  remained 
with  her  until  his  marriage  in  1847.  At  Iron- 
ton,  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  he  was  united  to 
Miss  Carrie  A.  Ilattield,  a  native  of  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania.  He  at  once  settled  on  a  farm, 
which  he  cultivated  until  lsr)2,  when  he  enlisted 
in  Company  F,  One  Hundred  and  Sevetiteenth 
Ohio  Vohinteer  Infantry;  lie  was  afterward 
transferred  to  the  First  Ohio  Heavy  Artillery, 
Colonel  Hawley  in  command.  Upon  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Company  Mr.  Howard  was 
elet'ted  Sergeant;  he  was  assigned  to  the  De- 
partment of  the  Cumberland,  and  his  first  en- 
gagement was  at  Big  Sandy,  and  later  at  J^ex- 
ington,  where  for  brave  conduct   he  was  pro- 


moted to  the  ofHce  of  Second-iiieuteiumt,  a  po- 
sition he  held  until  the  close  of  the  war.  After 
Lee's  surrender  the  reifimeiit  was  stationed  at 
Knoxville,  and  in  August,  18()5,  was  returneil 
to  Cam]!  Dennison,  Ohio,  and  there  mustered 
out  of  the  service. 

Mr.  Howard  then  came  back  to  his  home  in 
Ohio,  where  he  resided  until  180',);  in  that 
year  he  reim)ved  to  Rock  Island  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  there  learned  the  carpenters'  trade, 
which  he  followed  until  1872;  at  this  time  he 
removed  to  Antelope  county,  Nebraska,  where 
he  lost  heavily  through  the  scourge  of  grass- 
hoppers and  the  financial  crash  of  1873;  he 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1875,  when  he  came 
to  Oregon,  and  settled  at  Ilalsey,  Linn  county; 
here  he  took  up  his  old  vocation  and  in  connec- 
tion therewith  housemoving;  he  conducted  a 
thriving  business  until  1878,  when  he  removed 
to  Salem,  and  purchased  his  present  place  at 
451  Marion  street,  which  has  since  been  his 
home.  Jle  has  continued  the  business  of  mov- 
ing houses,  and  has  met  with  gratifying  suc- 
cess. As  his  meann  have  increa.sed  he  has  in- 
vested in  property  in  North  and  South  Salem, 
and  now  owns  some  valuable  real  estate. 

Mr.  and  Mrs  Howard  are  the  parents  of  eight 
children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  William  J., 
Joseph  K.,  Silas  K. ;  Henrietta  L.,  wife  of  J. 
W.  Phillips;  Carrie  A.,  wife  of  N.  II.  Hurley; 
and  George  B.  Mr.  Howard  is  a  member  of 
Sedgwick  Post,  (t.  a.  R.  lie  worthily  repru- 
scnted  the  interests  of  the  city  as  Street  Com- 
missioner in  1885  and  1880.  He  is  a  man  of 
good  business  ability,  ami  has  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  the  entire  community. 


fOlIN  SAVAGE,  .lu.,  proprietor  of  the 
Salem  Truck  and  Dray  Company,  was  born 
at  Richfiel.l,  Ohio,  in"  1834.  His  father, 
John  Savage,  was  a  native  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  was  a  mechanic  by  tra<le;  he  emi- 
grated to  Michigan  with  the  pioneers  of  that 
section  when  the  s  d)ject  of  this  sketch  was  hut 
four  years  of  age,  and  when  the  whole  country 
was  a  wilderness  iniiabited  by  the  hostile  Indian. 
Here  the  father  worked  at  his  trade,  followed 
agricultural  pursuits,  and  reared  a  large  family 
of  children.  Our  sutiject  was  thus  surrounded 
in  his  youth  by  the  wild  scenes  and  adventur- 
ous experiei'ces  of  the  frontier.      In   1853  the 


BtSTORt    OF   OREGON. 


59t 


son  t'oUowcJ  the  tide  of  wustcrn  emigration, 
and  witli  ii  siniiU  band  of  men  started  to  ('aii- 
fornia;  tliey  gathered  a  l)and  of  1,850  slieep, 
and  after  five  months  of  weary  travel  arrived  in 
the  (lolden  State,  their  band  decreaaed  by  four 
luindred  liead;  they  considered  this  a  small  loss, 
iiowever,  and  tiiat  the  journey  imd  been  suc- 
cessfully performed.  After  disposiiiir  of  the 
sheep  Mr.  Savage  went  to  Yuba  county,  and 
followed  mining  there,  remained  until  1854.  In 
that  year  he  came  to  Oregon  to  visit  his  brother, 
M.  L.  fSavai^e,  who  was  a  pioneer  of  1847,  and 
afterward  State  Senator.  After  s[)ending  a  year 
in  Orejjon,  Mr.  Savage  returned  to  the  East, 
going  via  the  Isthmus. 

In  1861  he  enlisted  for  a  term  of  three  years 
from  Uass  C(Minty,  Michigan,  in  Company  G, 
Eleventh  Michigan  Volunteer  Infantry,  Colo- 
nel William  J.  May.  The  regiment  was  as- 
signed to  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  under 
General  Thomas,  and  after  the  first  battle  at 
Stone  river  they  were  in  the  engagements  at 
Atlanta,  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Itidge,  Chat- 
tanooga, and  many  others  of  less  importance, 
always  at  the  front  in  the  thick  of  the  light. 
They  were  mustered  out  at  Sturgis,  Michigan, 
October  15,  1804,  and  of  the  1,028  men  en- 
listed, but  33(5  were  present  to  be  mustered  out 
of  the  service,  and  fully  four  fifths  of  them  (^ir- 
ried  wounds  and  scars  from  the  battle.  Mr. 
Savage  was  never  wounded,  but  his  face  was 
blistered  fro]n  the  close  passage  of  a  ininie 
ball,  and  his  clothing  and  blankets  were  riddled 
with  balls.  After  his  discharge  he  returned  to 
Cass  county,  Michigan,  and   followed   farming. 

lie  was  married  at  Marcellus,  Michigan,  in 
1858,  to  Miss  Harriet  Messenger,  a  native  of 
Ohio.  He  (continued  his  agricultural  pursuits 
until  1872,  when  he  removed  to  Oregon,  and 
rented  land  in  Marion  county;  here  he  farmed 
until  1882,  when  he  bought  a  tract  of  289 
acres  on  Salem  prairie,  three  miles  east  of 
Salem.  '  This  land  'le  found  very  productive; 
his  crop  of  wheat  '.n  1888,  from  new  land, 
averaged  fifty-five  bushels,  and  from  land  that 
had  been  in  use  forty  years,  thirty-three  bush- 
els; similar  land  returned  soventy-tive  bushels 
of  oats.  His  success  was  widely  publislied, 
and  letters  from  the  East  were  frecjuently  re- 
ceived asking  for  particulars.  He  sold  his 
farm  in  1889,  and  moved  his  family  to  Salem, 
where  he  bought  a  residence  on  High  and 
Bridge  streets. 

In  1886  Mr.  Savage  bought  an  interest  in  the 


Saluni  Hack  and  Dray  Coin|)any,  in  fact  pur- 
chased the  entire  concern,  and  changed  the 
name  to  the  Salem  Truck  and  Dray  Company, 
which  he  h.'is  mar.agad  with  gratifying  s\u'ces8; 
he  does  a  general  delivery  business  through  the 
city,  using  tive  heavy  trucks  and  two  single 
drays,  all  of  wriich  are  ke|)t  steadily  employed. 
He  also  does  a  good  business  in  hay,  sti'aw, 
grain  and  wood  at  his  storeroom.  No.  32  Statu 
street. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Savage  have  four  children: 
(ieorge  L.;  Xellie  H..  wife  of  F.  V.Cooper; 
Mark  H.  and  Mert.  Our  subject  is  a  member 
of  Sedgwick  I'ost.  No.  10,  G.  A.  R.,  and  in 
politics  is  a  Ilepul>lican.  stanchly  supporting 
the  issues  of  the  party. 

S.  LAMPORT  has  for  more  than  two  dec- 
ades represented  the  harness-making 
I*  industry  of  Salem,  and  is  numbered 
among  the  most  highly  respected  citizens.  He 
was  born  at  Woodstock,  Upper  (Jatiada,  in 
1844,  a  son  of  Edward  Lamjjort,  a  native  of 
England,  who  was  a  prominent  wheat  commis- 
sion merchant  at  Woodstock.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  Dominion,  and  in  18G3  he 
went  to  New  Haven,  Connecticut.  Though  a 
youth  of  eighteen  years  he  enlisted  as  bugler  in 
Company  E,  First  Connecticut  Cavalry,  under 
Colonel  Ives;  they  were  forwarded  to  the  front 
and  did  faithful  service  under  (ienerals  Kilpat- 
rick,  Custer  and  Sheridan  in  the  battles  of  Shen- ' 
undoah  valley,  and  before  Petersburg.  After 
the  close  of  the  war  the  regiment  participated 
in  the  grand  review  at  Washington,  and  then 
did  [)rovost  duty  until  August,  18(io,  when 
they  returned  to  New  Haven.  Mr.  Lamport 
theti  went  to  Hinghamton,  New  York,  with  an 
army  friend,  Charles  Deliber  by  name,  who  was 
a  harness-maker,  and  with  him  he  learned  the 
trade.  In  1808  he  returned  to  Canada,  but 
soon  after  determined  to  join  his  brother  in 
Oregon.  He  first  found  employment  at  Ore- 
gon City,  and  there  followed  his  trade  until  No- 
vember, 18(59,  when  he  came  to  Salem  and 
opened  a  liarness  shop.  In  the  year  1873  he 
removed  to  his  present  store  at  289  Commercial 
street.  He  carries  a  choice  stock  of  fine  har- 
ness, blankets,  saddles  and  horse  furnishings, 
and  manufactures  all  his  heavy  grade  stock. 
In  1880  Mr.  Lan>Dort  was  married  to  Miss 


SOS 


aisTonr  op  ohkoon. 


Lilly  n.  StevoiiB  of  San  Fnincicro,  a  daiigliter 
of  Dudley  Stevens,  a  piimcer  of  Caiifurniii. 
Two  children  have  hecii  horn  of  tiiis*  inarria^i-, 
Merrill  and  Frederick.  He  has  one  child  hy 
a  former  marriage,  named  Kdward.  Our  siih- 
jeet  Ib  a  memher  of  the  (i.  A.  K.  and  the  A.  O. 
U.  \V.  Fie  owns  the  huildinij  which  he  occu- 
pieH,  a  two-story  brick,  and  in  IHHCy  he  --fected 
a  brick  biiilditij^  of  the  same  size  at  309  Com- 
mercial street.  In  1892  he  also  erected  a  tine 
residence  in  the  city.  He  has  been  closely  de- 
voted to  business,  has  striven  to  attain  snccesH, 
and  fully  merits  the  reward  of  his  labors. 


-*»' 


^-Mxasxl^i*^-*^ 


fAPTAIN  CLEVELAND  ROCKWELL, 
Chief  of  the  United  States  Coast  and  (ieo- 
detic  Survey  of  Oregon,  was  born  in 
Youiigstowii,  Oh  o,  ill  1H3B,  and  represents  the 
eifjiith  generation  by  direct  descent  from  Gov- 
ernor Bradford,  of  I'uritan  fame.  The  family 
have  been  distinguished  in  both  the  ministry 
and  the  law.  The  father  of  the  Captain,  Ed- 
ward Kockwell,  was  born  in  West  Winsted, 
Connecticut,  was  educated  at  Yale  and  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  his  native  State.  He  was  married 
in  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  to  Matilda  1).  Sal- 
ter, of  English  descent;  they  were  among  the 
pioneers  of  tiiat  part  of  Ohio  known  as  the 
Western  Reserve.  Four  children  were  born  to 
them,  two  of  whom  survive:  Captain  Rockwell 
and  Mrs.  Isaacs  of  New  York  city  (1892.) 
(Meveland  Rockwell  was  educated  at  the  Poly- 
technic sc1io(j1  at  Troy,  and  at  the  University  of 
New  York;  he  was  graduated  in  1856,  and  en- 
gineering having  been  a  special  study  he  im- 
mediately received  an  appointment  in  the 
United  States  Coast  Survey;  he  was  stationed 
oil  the  Atlantic  coast,  but  in  1861  he  was  de- 
tailed to  the  War  Department  for  topographical 
duty,  and  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  different 
commanding  ofHcers  with  the  rank  of  Captain. 
He  performed  service  of  the  highest  value:  first, 
at  the  headquarters  of  General  McDowell  be- 
fore and  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  he  sur- 
veyLid  from  Alexandria  to  Chain  Bridge  for  the 
defense  of  Washington.  On  the  Port  Royal 
expedition  he  was  attached  to  the  staff  of  Gen- 
eral I.  I.  Stevens  at  Beaufort;  to  the  staff  of 
General  John  G.  Foster  at  Newburn,  North 
(/arolina,  he  surveyed  the  enemies  country,  and 
broke  up  the  picket  lines.     He  was  afterward 


with  General  Sclioficld  at  Knoxville,  Tenn(*8see, 
and  then  with  (Teneral  Sherman  on  the  Caro- 
lina campaign,  and  until  the  close  of  the  war; 
in  1865  lie  was  relieved  from  duty. 

Upon  the  request  of  the  United  States  Co- 
lumbia, South  America,  to  our  (xoveriiinent  to 
make  a  survey  and  plans  for  navigation  of  the 
Magdalena  river.  Captain  Kockwell  volunteered 
to  join  the  exjiedition  iin<ler  Colonel  (tilbert 
and  (Japtain  West,  and  devoted  seven  months 
to  this  work;  when  this  was  completed  he  was 
ordered  to  (/alifornia,  and  was  there  associated 
with  Prof.  George  Davidson,  making  surveys 
about  Point  Conception  and  the  channel  and 
harbor  of  Santa  Barbara.  He  was  ordered  to 
Oregon  in  1868,  as  (Jliief  of  the  Coast  and  (4eo- 
detric  Survey,  with  headquarters  at  Astoria. 
He  made  many  important  surveys  about  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  river,  and  along  the 
coast  sixty  miles  south,  which  at  that  time  was 
utterly  wild  and  unknown.  He  made  a  careful 
survey  of  the  ('olumbia  river  as  far  as  Portland, 
and  his  charts  liave  done  much  to  lessen  the 
dangers  of  navigation  and  to  open  it  up  to  the 
shipping  interests  of  the  world.  For  several 
years  the  Captain  has  been  stationed  at  Port- 
land. He  has  given  much  attention  to  art  and 
literature,  and  in  these  subjects  finds  great  di- 
version and  repose  after  the  strain  of  mathemat- 
ical calculation  so  necessary  to  his  profession. 
The  illustrations  of  capes,  headlands  and  islands 
in  "The  Coast  Pilot  of  California,  Oregon  and 
Washington,"  axe  the  clever  work  of  the  Cap- 
tain, and  show  great  skill  and  taste  in  pen  and 
ink  drawing;  his  descriptive  articles  on  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  and  his  paper  upon  the  "Physical 
Geography  of  the  Northwest"  manifest  deep  re- 
search and  unusual  literary  ability. 

Captain  Rockwell  is  commander  of  the  Lin- 
coln-Garfield Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  of  the  Loyal 
Legion  Coinnianderv  of  Oregon. 


— ^*- 


«^ 


-kJ:— 


flllLIP  METSCHAN,  State  Treasurer  of 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Germany,  March  24, 
1840.  He  improved  the  few  educational 
advantages  offered  liim  until  he  was  fourteen, 
when  he  began  to  take  care  of  himself.  His 
first  step  was  to  cross  the  Atlantic  ocean  to  join 
his  uncle,  Frederick  Shirike,  then  living  at  Cin- 
cinnati, (.)liio.  When  he  arrived  there  in  Janu- 
ary, 1855,  he  had  just  $3.75  in  his  pocket.     He 


umrouY  OF  ohkuon. 


remniiieil  witli  his  iiiicle  alKiiif  tlin'u  years,  ami 
wliilo  tliure  leHiiU'il  the  tnulo  of  butcher,  ami 
also  spent  ail  his  spare  time  in  nciiiiiring  ii 
knowledge  of  the  hmgiiiige  ol'  tlie  country  of  liis 
adoption.  The  chief  way  in  which  he  attained 
his  ot)ject  was  l)y  rea<iing  the  daily  newspaper:- 
In  lN5i)  he  followed  the  ailvice  "Go  west  young 
man,  go  west  "  and  stopping  at  St.  Louis  and 
Peoria,  by  the  way,  settled  at  J.i'uvo'iworth, 
Kansas,  where  he  started  in  business  and  con 
tinned  there  until  the  excitenic  jit  of  Pike's  Peak 
in  18(10.  He  is  one  of  those  who  dropping 
everythinj.'  starts  off  for  those  delusive  mines. 
Mr.  Metscluin,  however,  when  he  reached  ('ali- 
f'ornia  Gulch  found  that  there  was  more  money 
to  he  obtained  by  opening  a  market,  and  this 
he  carried  on  until  the  fall,  with  success,  when 
he  returned  to  Leavenworth,  hi  the  spring  of 
1801  he  again  crossed  the  plains  and  hearing  of 
the  tiring  upon  Sumter  he  tried  to  enlist  at 
Fort  Kearney,  but  as  the  first  call  for  75,tl00 
men  was  filled,  he  went  on  to  California  Gulch 
and  continued  the  butcher  business  about  four 
nionths,  and  then  started  for  California,  arriving 
at  Sacramento  in  October  of  the  same  year. 
He  then  worked  as  a  farm  hand  through  the 
winter  and  spring,  and  then  started  for  the  Cari- 
bou mines,  in  Pritish  Columbia,  but  reaching 
Victoria  and  hearing  that  tlie  mines  werea  fail- 
ure, he  came  to  Portland,  O  egon,  and  after 
looking  about  the  State,  in  the  spring  of  1803 
he  went  to  the  John  Day  mines  in  Wasco 
county,  now  Grant  county,  and  settled  at 
Canon  City,  which  was  the  chief  mining  camp, 
lie  then  mined  and  followed  his  trade  until 
June,  18(i0,  when  lie  opened  a  market  and  fol- 
lowed the  business  of  butcher,  with  marked 
success  until  September,  1873.  when  he  settled 
up  his  business  with  a  view  to  taking  a  trip  to 
Germany,  but  changing  his  mind  remained 
inactive  until  September,  1878,  and  then  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  F.  C.  Sels,  John  Mc- 
Collongh,  and  F*ennis  McAulifi'and  engaged  in 
general  merchandise  business,  which  they  con- 
tinued successfully  until  1888,  doing  a  very 
large  and  very  profitable  business. 

Mr.  Metschan  entered  into  political  life  in 
1868,  when  he  was  nominated  on  the  Kepublican 
ticket  and  elected  for  County  Treasurer  of 
Grant  county,  which  position  he  occupied  for 
four  years.  In  that  year  he  was  the  only  Re- 
publican officer  elected,  F.  C.  Sels  was  elected 
State  Senator,  but  was  not  seated;  the  county 
being  strongly   Democratic.     In   1876   he  was 


elected  County  Clerk,  and  in  1882  was  nomi- 
iied  and  elected  Comity  .liidgc  for  a  term  of 
ioiir  years.  During  his  term  of  otlice  they  built 
the  county  courtiiouse  of  (irant  county.  In 
IHSO  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  ofHcc  of  Secre- 
tary of  State,  but  was  defeated  by  (r.  W.  Mc- 
IJride,  the  present  incumbent.  In  November, 
1888,  he  was  appointed  by  the  (Jounty  Court  to 
be  Clerk  of  Grant  c(.iinty,  and  served  two  years. 
In  18(KI,  out  of  the  nine  candidates  before  the 
liejiublican  State  Convention,  he  was  nominated 
lor  the  position  of  State  Treasurer,  and  was 
elected  with  a  niajnrity  of  7,621  votes,  his  oppo- 
nent licing  G.  W.  Webb,  the  late  incumbent. 
Mr.  Metschan  moved  his  family  to  Salem,  where 
he  will  reside  during  his  term  of  office. 

He  was  married  at  Cafion  City,  June  5, 
1^''''>,  to  Mary  ('.  Schaum,  a  native  of  Germany. 
Till  children  have  been  born  to  these  two,  nine 
of  wlioiu  survive,  five  sons  and   four  daughters. 

Mr.  Metschan  has  risen  to  the  thirty-second 
degree  in  masonry  ud  for  seven  years  has  been 
master  of  the  lodge  of  Knights  Templars.  lie 
is  also  a  very  prominent  member  in  the  order 
1.  O.  O.  !'.,  having  tilled  the  positions  of  Grand 
Master,  Grand  Patriarch  and  Grand  liepresenta- 
tive  to  the  Sovereign  (iraiid  Lodge  at  Denver 
in  1887  and  Los  Angeles  in  1888.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  A.  ().  U.  W.,  Hope  Lodge,  No.  1, 
of  Portland. 

He  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  growth  and 
development  of  Grant  coimty,  where,  for  twels'e 
years,  lie  has  been  u  school  director  and  aided 
materially  in  the  building  of  a  tim  school- 
house.  As  a  financier  he  is  held  in  liigh 
esteem,  and  considered  a  worthy  representative 
of  the  State  in  the  oftice  of  srust  which  he  now 
occupies. 


tOUIS  G.  PFUNDEIiis  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative  florists  of  the  city  of  Portland, 
born  in  Baden,  Germany,  in  1845.  His 
ancestors  were  from  Brundruit,  France,  but  for 
nearly  100  years  had  lived  at  Baden,  and  for 
sixty  consecutive  years  the  family  had  been  in 
Government  employ  as  Postmaster  and  mail- 
carriers  for  [iie  city  of  Baden.  The  family  was 
composed  of  ten  children,  our  subject  being  the 
sixth  in  order  of  birth.  He  lived  at  home  and 
attended  the  public  schools,  until  his  fourteenth 
year,  when  he  procured  an  apprenticeship  with 


duo 


HtSfOUY    OF    OIIKUON. 


llc'itz,  tlio  fiimoiiH  lloiist  ami  liui'ticiiltiirist  of 
Svvitzerhmil,  wliosu  j,'ret'iilioiiKcrt  are  (•i'lt'l)i'at(Mi 
tln'oiiglidiit  the  uiitirc  country.  Willi  liitii  our 
Hiiliject  remniiiocl  tlireo  year-  and  loarnetl  every 
detail  of  the  cure  and  treatment  of  plants.  He 
then  went  to  IJnhveil,  Alsace,  and  with  thecele- 
hi'ati'd  liauniaiL  it  Company  learned  the  process 
of  tmddini:  and  ^'ral'tirii;  and  the  care  and  treat- 
ment of  shniUhery  and  trees.  These  were  dis- 
tini^nished  nurserymen  and  applieatioiia  were 
made  a  year  in  advance  in  order  to  secure  an 
apprenticeship  with  them,  as  only  a  limituil  iiuni- 
iier  were  taken  each  year,  and  those  were  hound 
to  remain  two  years,  paying  their  own  hoard 
and  expenses.  Coinjiletini^  his  two  years' course 
Mr.  I'f under  tiien  went  to  Munich,  where  he 
was  employed  in  the  I'alace  i^arden  for  ahout  one 
year,  then  to  Fraid<fort-on  the- Main,  where  af- 
ter a  hrief  enj^ageinent  in  the  I'alace  irarden,  he 
was  drawn  in  hy  the  military  arrani^ements  and 
had  to  return  home.  The  service  rccjuiriiii^  lint 
a  limited  nnmher  of  men,  our  suhject  was  re- 
leased from  all  duty  and  the  followinijj  ^^a^ch, 
ISdti,  he  set  sail  for  America,  laiulinf:;  safely  in 
Mew  York.  His  Hrat  engagement  was  with  a 
llorist  at  rniuii  Hill,  New  dersey,  with  whom 
he  worked  for  one  year,  until  ISOS,  wiien  he 
decided  to  strike  for  California  and  try  his  for- 
tune in  a  new  country.  Kmharking  hy  steamer 
via  I'anaimi,  he  arrived  safely  in  San  [''rancisco. 
where  ho  f((l lowed  his  profession  for  one  year 
and  then  came  to  Portland  to  lay  out  aiul  im- 
prove the  grounds  of  William  M.  l/a<ld,  and 
superintend  the  construction  of  his  conservatory. 

In  1S70  Mr.  Pfunder commenced  bu.sinesson 
the  corner  of  Clay  and  Third  streets,  8tylin<f  liis 
garden  the  "(^ity  Park, '"  and  there  remained 
until  1878,  when  he  purcliased  one  half  block 
cornerinir  on  Ninth  and  W^asliinKtou  streets 
anil  there  estahlisluMl  his  garden,  and  this  he 
calls  his  "Orei'on  Homesteud, ""  it  heini;  the 
first  lanil  hi'  purchased  in  America.  Here  ho 
erected  a  series  of  greenhouses,  heated  hy  hot 
water  atid  arranrfed  for  the  forcing  of  roses  and 
other  flowering  plants  for  the  llorist  liusiness, 
and  also  choice  semi-tropical  plants  for  ilecora- 
tion  purposes. 

In  1874  Mr.  Pfunder  was  married  to  Miss 
Rosa  Zeigler.  native  of  Uerin my,  an  1  in  18S3 
they  made  their  first  trip  to  their  native  coun- 
try. Iteturning  in  1884  Mr.  I'fnnder  erected 
Ids  large  and  commodious  house  for  residence 
and  florist  purposes.  In  1890  hepurehnsed  four 
acres  of  land  at  Mount  Tabor,  for  garden  pur- 


poses, styled  the  "  Iwoseville  Nursiiry.  "  He 
has  built  seven  large  greenhouoeH  which  cover 
one  and  one-half  acr"s,  all  heattMl  by  low  ])re8- 
sure  steam.  The  entire  garden  will  he  devoted 
to  roses,  carnations  and  fancy  shrubberv,  and 
owing  to  the  iiu'reased  value  of  ids  city  jiroperty 
he  ccrutemplates  ere<'ting  a  business  block  in 
town  and  removing  bis  garden  to  Mount  Tabor. 

^^r.  Pfunih'r  was  the  originator  of  floral  ex- 
hibitions in  ()reg(ui  end  hestarlecl  the  first  fair 
in  the  skating  riiik,  corner  (>f  fourth  ami  Pine 
streets,  and  t'rom  this  small  beginning  resulted 
the  |)rcsent  I'ortlamI  Imiustrial  Association,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  dire<!tor  on  garden  and 
music  hall  exhibits  siiu'c  its  eoneepticm. 

.Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Pfumler  are  the  parents  of  four 
children:  Rose,  Louise,  (instave,  Lilly  Uegena, 
Victoria.  Mr.  Pfunder  is  a  member  of  Hie 
i.  ().  O.  F.,  but,  except  as  a  voter,  has  given 
little  time  or  thought  to  jiolitics,  as  his  profes- 
sion Ims  been  his  life  work,  and  that  ho  has 
brought  to  a  high  degree  of  excellency. 


H<)MAS  KAY,  jiresident  and  8U|ierinten- 
I  dent  of  the  Tliomas  Kay  Woolen  Mill 
T^  Company,  (incorporated)  was  born  at  Ap- 
plebridge,  Yorkshire,  England,  in  iFune,  1837. 
Descended  from  a  I'Uig  line  of  woolen  manu- 
facturers, he  was  early  trained  iti  the  industry, 
and  at  the  age  of  nine  years  began  systemati- 
cally to  learn  the  trade  at  Sliipler,  where  he  spent 
two  years  in  the  spinning  department,  an-l  six 
years  in  learning  the  process  and  inchods  of 
weaving  in  every  branch  of  worsted  manufact- 
ure. In  1857  he  came  to  Ameri<'a,  and  turned 
his  attention  to  the  .nanufacture  (d'  woolen  goods, 
finding  luiiploymeiit  at  Cazeuovia,  New  ^'ork. 
At  the  end  of  one  year  he  returned  to  England 
to  perfect  himself  in  the  nnriuf'acture  of  woolen 
goods,  and  again  vi-sitcd  the  United  States  in 
1851).  He  secured  a  position  with  the  Smith 
Woolen  Manufacturing  Coniiiany.  at  Pbiladel- 
I>liia,  I'ennsylvania,  but  afterward  wasem])loyed 
at  Trenton  and  Newark.  In  18fi3  the  (dKccrs 
of  the  Brownsville  Woolen  Mill  at  Oregon  sent 
for  liiin  to  come  and  take  charge  of  their  weav- 
ing department;  he  accepted  the  offer  i.ud  came 
to  the  State  upon  a  three  years'  contract.  Upon 
the  burning  of  the  factory  in  1805  he  wa.i  re- 
leased, when  he  took  the  pucitiun  of  supeil'iten- 
dent  of  the  Dalles  "Woolen  >[ill:  at  the  end  >  f  a 


Hiaroiir  of  uhkoos. 


Ml 


yi'iir  lu'  wi'iit  to  the  Asliliiiul  Wooluii  .Mills,  wlieru 
111!  ri'iiiiiiiicd  four  yeiirrt  as  pii|H!iiiitcMiiiMit.  \\v 
thou  rctiinuMl  to  Siiloin  uiiil  took  cliai'^i'  of  tin; 
wt'iivitii^'  (k!|)iii'titiuiit  of  the  Williiiiitittti  Woolen 
Mill,  i'8liilplinhe(l  in  IS50.  [Jpoii  the  lehiiihl- 
\\\\l  of  the  lirownnvillo  mill  in  lS7iJ,  Mr.  Kiiy 
leaned  the  huililinf,' and  oju-rated  tht!  mill  for  a 
KM'Mi  of  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he 
ori^aiiized  the  lirownsville  Woolen  Mill  C'otn- 
patiy.  [luri'haAed  the  mill  and  ina(diinery.  and 
eontinneil  the  liusiness;  \w  was  8ii|ieriiitenik'nt 
and  wan  also  a  member  of  the  Hoard  of  Directors, 
J.  M.  Moyer  huinj^  president.  'J'his  hiisiiiess 
was  conducted  very  Buccessfiilly  until  1888, 
when  n  liSHgreoment  aro.se  in  the  lirm  and  the 
l)i".,ine.<s  was  sold  out. 

.Nfr.  Kay  then  took  an  extensive  trip  ahroad, 
the  first  I01.15  vacation  he  had  jrivcn  hiins;lf  in 
thirty  years;  lie  was  aoconipaiiied  hy  his  wiTe, 
and  after  a  most  ph^asnrable  tour  returned  to 
Salem.  Hero  the  citizens  offered  him  a  cash 
bonus  of  !tt2(M)0()  if  he  would  build  a  $100,()()0 
mill  in  that  city.  The  ])ro|)()sition  was  accepted, 
and  in  Au<rust,lS8U,  he  b'.>gan  the  construction  of 
the  building;  he  purchased  four  acres  with  a  tine 
water  power  on  Mill  creek,  convenient  to  the  rail- 
road. 'Hien  visiting  ICastern  cities,  he  made  an 
inspection  of  lari^e  factories,  and  bought  his  ma- 
chinery at  Lawrence,  Massadmsetts,  including 
all  the  latest  improvements.  The  factory  was 
o[)ened  with  fifty  hands  iti  February,  18!K);  the 
entire  l)uildinj^  is  fitted  with  electric  and  ijas 
liirlits,  and  latterly  has  been  in  o|)cration  nij^ht 
and  day;  the  nnmufactures  are  cassimeres, 
t'.veeds,  blankets,  flannels  and  woolen  socks. 
The  factory  store  was  started  in  July,  1890,  at 
Salem,  and  has  been  conducted  with  marked 
pro8p(u-ity  under  (Jharles  Hishop.  All  the  wool 
purchased  is  grown  in  Oregon,  and  the  manu- 
factures tiiid  a  niai'kct  in  Portland  and  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Mr.  Kay  has  recently  ovi;ani/,ed  the  Waterloo 
Development  Company,  which  corporation  lias 
|iuichased  the  Oakland  Hosiery  Mills,  one  of 
the  largest  on  tlio  coast;  this  mill  was  removed 
to  Waterloo,  where  the  company  owns  valuable 
water  jiower,  and  will  be  operated  in  connection 
with  the  land  development;  it  has  a  capacity  of 
200  hands,  and  was  opened  and  ]Mit  in  operation 
in  the  summer  of  1882,  tnrnini^out  hosiery  and 
all  kinds  of  knitted  underwear.  Tin's  is,  tier- 
liaps,  the  greatest  nnd  most  promisiiio;  under- 
taking of  Mr.  Kay's  life,  and  one  in  which  he 
has  great  confidence. 


lie  wa.-  marrieil  in  the  ohl  Corvela  Church 
near  Leeds,  Kngland,  in  April,  18.")7,  to  Miss 
Ami  Slingsby,  and  of  the  union  ten  (diildroti 
have  been  born,  six  of  whom  survive:  Fanny, 
wife  of  {.'liarles  IJishop;  Thomas  I!.,  who  mar- 
ried Miss  C(M-a  Wallace;  Klizabeth,  wife  of  ( ). 
1'.  Coshow;  Nora.  Harry  K.  and  liertha.  Mr. 
Kay  has  just  completed  a  hmidsoini!  residence 
at  til  corner  <  f  Slate  and  'i'welfth  streets;  ho 
owns  -170  acres  of  land  at  I'rownsville,  and  other 
improved  property.  Ho  has  laid  out  Kay's  ad- 
dition to  Ijrownsville;  in  his  agricultural  ojiera- 
tioiis  ho  makes  a  specialty  of  raising  liolstciii 
cattle.  He  is  a  member  of  i'ruwnsvillo  Lodgo 
and  Encampment.  I.  ().  O.  F.,  and  also  belongs 
to  tlie  Masonic  order. 


fK.  I-IPl'INCOTT  is  ranked  ainonj;  tho 
Oregon  pioneers  of  1853  and  has  ever 
*  taken  an  interest  in  tho  develo|iment  of 
the  State.  His  ancestry  dates  back  to  Devon- 
shire, England,  where  th(<y  were  among  the  Non- 
conformists and  were  driven  out  of  the  country 
about  10-lfl.  They  then  emigrate(l  to  Amer- 
ica, and  settled  near  Mount  Holly,  Xew  Jersey, 
and  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  The  men 
pursued  business  occupations,  while  tho  women 
conducted  homes  of  culture  and  retincment, 
while  the  offshoots  of  tliis  family  have  occu|>ied 
prominent  positions  in  literary,  business  and 
State  affairs.  Jack  I.ippincott,  the  father  of 
our  subject,  was  born  in  I'hilndelpliia,  I'elinsyl- 
vania,  in  1827,  and  after  reacliiiig  mature  years 
he  emigrated  to  Hagerstown,  Waine  county, 
Indiana,  and  there  became  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile life.  He  was  marrid  in  Laurel.  Franklin 
county,  Indiana,  in  1847,  to  Miss  Ilai'rict  \'>. 
Williams,  a  native  of  Augusta,  Maine,  who  de- 
scended of  Puritan  Stock.  They  had  two  chil- 
dren, 15.  F.  Lippincott,  born  February  11,1847, 
and  Lena,  who  died  in  infancy. 

With  the  gold  excitement  of  1849  Mr.  Lip- 
pincott joined  tho  tide  of  emigration,  and  leav. 
ing  his  family  in  Indiana  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  California,  in  pursuit  of  the  gohlen  nugget, 
mining  with  good  success  upon  Feather  river 
and  Diamoixl  bar.  He  accumulated  quite  a 
stake,  then  risked  it  all  in  a  grand  venture  to 
turn  the  river,  but  as  they  had  a  lutavy  rain  an  1 
freshet,  the  dam  was  washed  away  and  with  t 
his  hard-earned  savings.     He  then   returned  to 


I 


002 


II r. STORY    OF    OliPJOON. 


I  'I 


■  ;  If 


iniiiliif^,  lit,  onco  ])er  <iay,  and  afttir  aojniring  a 
Hiitliciciit  aiiioimt  lie  went  tu  llaiigtowii,  now 
called  I'laci^rvillc,  |)iii-t;lia,-iMl  a  slofk  of  goods 
and  ojieriiid  a  tradiiii^  porit,  which  he  continued 
with  success  until  the  sjiring  of  185"^,  when  he 
returned  to  Indiana  for  his  i'ainiiy.  (-rathering 
together  IiIb  possessions,  witii  his  wife  and  only 
child,  he  again  turned  his  face  westward,  travel- 
ing by  water  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  touch- 
ing at  San  Francisco,  only  to  re-emhark  for 
I)Hvids<in's  Landing  on  the  Willamette  river, 
Oregon,  duly,  1853.  The  family  were  then 
hauled  upon  the  wood  wagon  of  Captain  Med- 
ruin  Crawforii.  to  Dayton,  Yam  Hill  county  and 
there  began  iKjusekeoping  in  the  old  Methodist 
|)ar8(mago.  Afr.  Lippiiicott,  with  his  brother- 
in-law,  Thomas  K  Williams,  formed  the  co- 
partnership of  Williams  &  Lippincott  and 
purchased  the  merchandise  stock  of  their  brother- 
in-law,  Chris  Taylor,  and  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  and  for  many  years  were  prom- 
inent factors  in  the  development  of  that  locality. 
They  were  agents  of  Forts  Vani  Hi'i  and  IIos- 
kins  and  through  tlietn  all  Governirient  supplies 
were  transmitted.  Jjieutenant  Phil  Sheridan 
WHS  then  stationed  at  FortYam  Hill  and  he  was 
a  frequent  guest  at  the  Lippincott  home  and 
his  lounging  chair  made  by  himself  at  the  fort 
is  still  owned  by  B.  E,  Lippincott.  The  mer- 
cantile l)uginess  was  closed  out  in  1865,  and 
Mr.  Lippincott  then  returned  to  visit  friends  in 
Philailelpbia  and  died  in  Dayton,  of  apoplexy, 
in  January,  1867,  his  faithful  wife,  the  compan- 
ion of  his  joys  and  sorrows,  having  preceded 
him  to  the  other  some  seven  years  previous. 
]!.  Fj.  Lippincott,  the  sole  representative  of 
the  family,  w'as  educated  at  Oswego  Academy, 
from  185')  to  ISfiO,  and  then  passed  three  years 
at  the  Catliolic  (,'ollege  at  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington Territory,  and  from  there  he  went  to 
Tualitin  .\cademy,  at  Forest  Grove,  Oregon, 
where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he  made  a 
trip  Fast  in  visit  his  family  relations.  Return- 
ing to  Oregon  he  passed  the  summer  of  18f)() 
in  the  harvest  field,  and  while  upon  a  business 
trip  to  San  Francisco  his  father  passed  away. 
William  S.  Lndd  was  appointed  liis  guardian 
and  he  placed  young  Lippincott  at  the  Willam- 
ette University,  lit  Salem,  but  for  a  brief  sea- 
son, only,  when  the  subject  rejoined  his  uncle, 
Chris  Taylor,  and  returned  to  Indiana.  In 
June,  ISf)',),  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  with  his  uncle  (Jbris, 
at  Daytuii,  which  business   he  continued   until 


1871.  He  then  went  to  the  Siletz  Indian  Res- 
ervation as  Clerk  and  Commissary  for  (Gen- 
eral .loe  i'almer,  Indian  Agent,  and  was  there 
engage  i  until  1874,  when  he  came  to  Portland 
as  cashier  anrl  bookkeeptr  of  the  Daily  Bulletin. 
After  one  year  he  went  ir:to  the  Custom  llou.^e, 
under  11.  W.  Scott,  Collector  and  was  snbsi^- 
qnently  promoted  to  ths  position  of  Chief  Dep- 
uty, where  he  remained  thirteen  years,  through 
the  official  term  of  A.  .1.  Ilanna,  John  Melly 
and  F.  X.  Shurtlefi'.  and  until  the  election  of 
President  (Cleveland  ho  retained  his  position, 
lie  then  formed  a  partnership  with  B.  P-  Card- 
well  and  engaged  in  the  real-estate  and  custom 
house  brokerage  business. 

He  was  maaried  in  Indiana,  in  ISfiS,  to  Miss 
Frank  Louise  Manley,  native  of  Laurel.  Indiana, 
and  they  have  had  three  children,  only  one  of 
whom  survives,  Mamie  L.  The  family  reside 
at  Irvington,  where  they  have  a  handsome  and 
comfortable  home.  Mr.  Lippincott  is  a  dis- 
tinguished Freemason,  having  passed  all  the  de- 
grees ot  blue  lodge,  chapter  and  conunandery 
and  is  Past  Eminent  Commander  of  Oregon 
Commandery,  No.  1.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
politics  and  is  earnest  in  sustaining  the  (tov- 
ernment  of  his  country,  but  not  an  office- 
seeker. 


«fe^ 


E V.  G  E  O  RG  E  W  H  I T  A  K  E  R,  D.  D., 

jjresident  of  the  Willamette  University  at 

Salem.      This    iiistitution    stands   at    the 

head  of  the  educational  system  of  the   State  of 

Oregon,  the  nucleus  of  which  was  conceived   in 

the  hearts  of  a  devoted    band  of   missionaries, 

i   who  embarked  from  New  York  for  the  Oregon 

I   coast,  in  October,  1839,  to  co-operate  with  Rev. 

I  Jason  Lee,  the  pioneer  Methodist  luissionarv  to 

I   the  Territory.     The    centennial    of    Methodism 

;   was  celel)rate(l  on  the  ship,   October   25.    1839, 

more  than  1,000  miles  from  the  port  of  sailing 

■   and  the  collection,  which    was  then    taken    up, 

'   amounting  to  $B50,  was  to  be  applied   to    the 

j   founding   of  an   Oregon    institute   for   the    in- 

I   struction  of  white   children.     The   preliminary 

I   step  in  the  institution    was   taken   January    17, 

!    1842,  at  a  meeting  called  by  Rev.  Jason  Lee,  at 

I   Cheiijeketa,  now    North    Salem.     The   general 

1   question  of  education  was  then  discussed,  as  the 

'   great  want  of  the  country,  and  a  coiumittee  was 

I   then  appointed  to  formulate  a   ph.  i   'o  be  dis- 


nisTOHY    OF    OKKOOtf. 


603 


cuH»ed  at  a  subsequent  iiieeting  lielfl  in  Fehrnary 
1842,  at  tlie  old  mission.  It  vvai*  tliei)  iit'ci(l«'<l 
to  establish  an  institution  of  '  m  ning,  wiiicli,  in 
the  futnre  ini^'ht  ilevciop  int(>  .0  aeadeniy,  col- 
lege or  university,  ami  the  school  was  to  he 
called  the  Orefron  Institute,  and  to  i>e  located  on 
Wallace  prairie,  two  and  one  iialf  miles  north 
of  Salem.  Subscriptions  to  the  amount  of 
§4,000  had  been  taken  for  the  erection  of  suit- 
able buildings.  The  constitution  provided  that 
the  school  sliould  always  be  under  the  super- 
vision of  some  Evangelical  branch  of  the  Prot- 
estant {'burch  and  should  lie  surrendered  to  the 
keepinir  of  that  church,  which  should  lirst  come 
to  its  aid  and  .support.  It  was  non-sectarian  at 
the  beginning,  liut  was  adopted  by  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  (MuTch,  at  a  church  tneetiufj,  held 
October  20,  1842,  and  the  ownership  was  trans- 
ferred from  an  irresponsible  body  to  that  eccle- 
siastical organization.  It  had  its  ]iritnaiy, 
ucadeinic  and  collegiate  phases  and  under  its 
able  management  enjoyed  uninterrupted  pros 
perity,  until  January,  1853,  when  the  act  to 
establish  the  Willamette  University  passed  the 
Legislative  Assembly  of  Oregon.  With  the 
growth  of  the  institution,  new  and  increased 
facilities  were  required,  and  upon  July  24,  1804, 
the  coi  .lerstone  of  the  present  university  was 
laid,  with  imposino;  ceremonies,  and  upon  Octo- 
ber 21,  1867,  the  students  marclied  in  a  proces- 
sion to  the  spirited  strains  of  music  from  the 
old  Oregon  'nstitnte  to  the  new  building,  which 
with  appropr'ate  cereinonies  was  dedicated  and 
the  work  ot  teaching  thenceforward  went  on  in 
the  new  buiid'ngs.  The  university  embrace.- 
the  arts  and  sciences,  witl  special  departments 
in  medicine,  law,  theob  gy,  pharmacy  and  a 
conserviitory  of  music,  ul.  of  which  departnients 
are  ably  and  wisely  managed.  This  is  the 
pioneer  educational  i'lstitution  of  the  North- 
west, which,  having  been  founded  upon  Christian 
principles,  has  shed  abroad  its  influence  in  the 
moral  and  intellectual  developtnent  of  thisgreat 
coinmonwcalili.  It  employe  forty- one  profess- 
ors, and  has  in  lands,  buildings,  apparatus, 
library  and  endowmenti  §274,000. 

In  the  Slimmer  of  189 i,  through  the  resigna- 
tion of  ['resident  T.  Van  Scoy,  I).  D.,  the  uni- 
versity was  left  without  a  leader,  but  by  an 
exhaustive  effort  on  the  part  of  the  trustees  the 
country  was  carefully  canvassed  and  in  the  Rev. 
George  Whitaker,  then  president  of  Wiley 
University,  at  Marshall,  Texas,  they  seemed 
to    find    the   necessary    'uialilications    and    the 


presidency  was  offered  bin:,  which  he  accefited. 

Dr.  Whitaker  is  a  native  of  New  Kngland, 
l)orn  in  Boston.  May  14.  1^3().  His  pater.ial 
ancestry  W'  re  of  Kngli^li  de.<cei\t  and  were  dis- 
tinguished in  both  cluuch  and  State.  I'hey 
were  early  emigrants  to  the  shores  of  Massachu- 
setts. JVathaniel  Whitaker,  1).  I).,  was  pastor 
of  the  Presbyterian  Tabernacle,  of  Salem, 
MassHcIiiisett.-.  The  father  of  our  siibject  was 
a  prominent  importer  imd  dry  gooils  merchant 
of  Ijoston,  and  for  many  years  was  in  thetiov- 
ernment  employ  in  the  Custoin  House,  at 
Boston,  tiif  Trea«wry  Department  at  Washinir- 
ton  and  as  Auditor  of  the  Custom  House  at 
New  Orleans.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
Miss  Catharine  C.  Holland,  of  15oston,  Massa- 
chusirttji,  ber  aiicentry  »ii80  being  of  Kiiglish 
de.sct^nt,  H»!r  mother  was  'Hie  of  the  celebrated 
May  fainily.  The  May  forefathers  settled  in 
lioxbury.  Ma»«achu6ett«  in  1034.  Among  this 
family  were  numbered  sotne  of  the  most  I'adical 
anti-slavery  men  -of  tl*e  early  days.  Some;  of 
the  family  distinguisiied  themselves  in  the 
Revolution.  Samuel  May  was  a  prominent 
merchant  of  Boston  in  the  trarly  days,  having 
established  his  house  in  1707,  an-l  through  it 
accumulated  a  large  property. 

Our  siiliject  commenced  his  edncation  at  the 
model  school  of  Nathaniel  T.  Allen,  of  West 
Newton,  which  lias  become  famous  as  an  Eng- 
lish and  classical  in»titution.  He  sub.sequently 
entered  the  normal  schonij.  at  Bridgewat°r, 
from  which  he  gra'luated,  being  the  youngest  in 
the  class.  He  then  preiiared  for  college,  at  the 
Wesleyan  Academy,  at  Williraham,  Massachu- 
settt,  at  which  he  gradnatei!  with  honor,  in 
1861.  and  received  the  degree  of  A.  M..in  1804. 
In  1888  the  degree  of  D.  D.  was  eonferred  on 
him  by  the  Wesleyan  IJtiiversitj.  at  Fort  Worth, 
Texas. 

.\fter  graduating,  in  1801  Dr.  Whitaker 
joined  the  New  England  Confereiw*  and  re- 
ceived his  first  pastcM'ate  iit  W^rst  Medway, 
Maspachueetts,  remaining  f-nj  years.  f(jll(jwing 
the  custom  of  the  Methodwv  rhiircii.  He  was 
then  changed  from  time  to  time,  until  1873, 
when  he  was  appointed  Presiding  Elder  of  the 
Springfield  District  and  filled  the  poiiitHHi  for 
four  years,  when  be  resumed  the  duties  of  pastor, 
which  he  continued  iiuti!  1887,  wlien  lie  aeci'pted 
the  appointment  of  president  of  the  WiU^v  I'ni- 
versity,  at  Marshall,  Texas,  a  university  for  the 
education  of  the  col«ir«l  youtji,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  FreedmAn'g  Aid  and  Soutliern 


004 


UISTOltV    OF   OiiEnoN. 


■;!      i:! 


'"™ 


IvIiiciUiiiii  Socic'ty.  'I'licii' the  I )oi:t()r  ruiiuiiiiuil 
(lcc])lv  <'ngii<i<'(l  III  till'  oilui'iitioii  mill  elevation 
(if  tJK^  ciiliircil  j-iK.'c,  until  1>S'.I1,  wIilmi  liu  was 
(■iilli;il  to  his  present  posttion,  anil  arrival  in 
Siilciii,  ill  Aii;^iist  of  llio  saino  year. 

Olli' siil)je('t  wii.-  iiian-ieil,  at  liristol,  (Joiiiiect- 
icut,  ill  lSt')l,  to  Ilmi'iet  Clarke,  ami  they  have 
lia'l  ['our  childi'eii,  two  of  wliuiii  survive,  (ieorije 
Kilffar  and  .(olin  II. 

Ill  his  inanai^eiiieiit  of  the  iiiiiversitv  the 
|)oelor  is  evineiiif;  ifreat  tact  anil  exeftutive 
ability,  ill  wiiinini^  the  hearts  of  his  jmpils  anil 
the  irooil  will  ot  all  foniieeteil  with  t)ie  institu- 
tion. He  is  frank  ami  genial  in  his  associations 
with  all  ami  in  the  pulpit,  liy  his  dee])  thought, 
sound  ai'ijiiinent  and  iiracefiil  delivery.  otJ'ers  an 
intellectual  treat  sukloni  surpassed  in  logic  or 
oratorv. 


fU.  C.MIDWKLL.-  The  ancestry  of  Dr. 
Ciirdwell  enii;;rati'd  from  Mngland  in  1740 
'*  and  settled  in  Liinenherff  county,  Vir- 
ginia, coining  to  get  the  henetitof  free  law,  free 
S]x>ecli  and  liberty  of  action.  They  took  up 
arms  against  their  mother  country,  and  during 
the  Revolutionary  war  oifered  their  services  and 
lives  in  defending  the  rii/hts  of  their  adojited 
country.  The  grandparents  of  Dr.  Card  well, 
the  Rev.  I'crriii  ('ardwell  and  Elizabeth  Wash- 
burn, liv(i(i  to  be  ninetyiiine  years  of  age,  and 
what  is  an  unusual  occurrence  their  married  re- 
lation covered  a  period  of  seventy  nine  year.s. 
lie  was  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  and  ofKciated  there  up  to  his  ninety- 
BJxtli  year.  Thr  ('ardwell  family  were  chietly 
engaged  as  planti'rs.  William  J^ee  ("ardwell,  a 
cousin  to  (ieneral  liobort  Lee  and  the  father  of 
our  subject,  received  a  classical  education  and 
then  began  the  study  of  medicine  and  oljtainod 
a  license  to  practice.  In  1830  he  was  ;narriod 
to  Miss  Mary  Ann  I'iddle,  a  native  of  Viiginia, 
and  they  emigrated  to  Sangamon  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  setlleil  upon  a  school  >ei'tion  of  land. 
Here  he  carried  on  farming  and  attemled  to  the 
illnesses  of  his  neighbors  by  the  giving  of 
ijuinine  and  calomel,  setting  their  broken  bones 
and  pulling  their  teeth.  Disliking  tiie  profes- 
sion, he  soon  d(!viil(d  all  of  his  time  to  agri- 
culture, which  lie  followed  iiritil  1852;  then, 
with  his  wife  and  nine  ciiildriii,  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  where  lie  followed   the  busi- 


ness of  stock-raising  until  1858.  lie  then  sot- 
tied  in  Portland  anil  started  the  Portland  Furni 
ture  Afamifacturiiig  Company,  from  ivliich  he 
soon  after  retired,  and  was  called  to  ••  the  other 
side''  in  18(53.  His  widow  still  lives  in  Port- 
land at  the  age  of  eighty  years,  hale,  hearty  and 
vigorous. 

,] .  K.  Canlwell  was  born  on  the  ranch  in  Illi- 
nois in  1830.  His  classical  education  was  se- 
cured at  the  Horace  S|)aiildiiig  (iraiiiiuar  School 
at  Illinois  ('ollege  at  .lacksonville. 

lieing  of  a  mechanicai  turn  of  mind  he  tlicn 
turned  his  attention  to  dentistry,  and  at  the  age 
of  nineteen  years  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr. 
(J.  V.  Shirley,  a  prominent  dentist  of  Jackson- 
ville, and  remained  in  his  office  for  about  two 
years.  He  then  passed  before  a  lioard  of  Ex- 
amination, as  was  the  custom  of  that  day,  and 
received  a  certificate  of  qualilication.  The  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  was  commenced  at  Do- 
<:atur,  where  he  remained  until  1852,  when  he 
joined  his  father  to  cross  the  jilaius  to  Oregon 
to  accept  the  opportunity  offered  by  that  new  and 
rajiidly  developing  country.  He  commenced 
his  practii-e  in  Portland  in  the  fall  of  1852 
within  100  feet  of  his  ])reseiit  location,  corner 
of  First  and  Washington  streets,  and  for  forty 
years  he  has  beeii  continuously  employed  and 
now  is  the  oldest  practitioner  in  the  State.  Ills 
practice,  both  operative  and  mechanical,  has 
iieen  very  extensive  and  eminently  successful 
and  satisfactory.  He  has  written  extensively 
for  dental  jonrnals  and  is  chairman  of  the  Ore- 
gon State  Board  of  Dental  Kxamineis. 

J)r.  Card  well  has  taken  a  deep  ami  active  in- 
terest in  horticulture  in  the  State,  and  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  (Oregon  State  llorfi- 
cultnral  Society  November  17,  1875.  and  has 
continuously  tilled  the  position  of  chairman, 
and  is  also  Chairman  of  the  Stite  Board  of 
liortienlture.  In  1^70  he  purchased  100  acres 
southwest  of  Portland, and  becomintj  enthiisias- 
tic  over  the  first  prospects  of  Oregon  he  imme- 
diately began  its  dcvelo|)ing.  His  land  being 
covered  willi  dense  fir  growth,  the  clearing  cost 
him  )?75  per  acre.  He  then  began  planting 
prunes  and  is  justly  considered  tlie  j)ioneer  of 
the  priiiio  industry.  He  imported  scions  of 
fourteen  varieties  from  August  Baiighuian  on 
the  Illiine,  who  is  the  European  authority  on 
prunes.  These  scions  were  carefully  tested  by 
Dr.  (^ardwell,  from  which  he  selected  the  French 
prune,  Petite  d'Agein,  the  Italian  prune,  I'allen- 
berg  and  (Joe's  Colden  Drop,  known  us  ttie  Sil- 


irrsronr  or  oheoon. 


eo3 


ver  prune.  Tlie  Doctor  has  get  eighty  acres 
out,  principally  t;)  cherries,  pears  and  prunes. 
On  fruit  ciiltni'ii  in  ( >reifou  the  Doctor  in  con - 
eideiod  an  authority.  !Io  has  (>recte(i  an  im- 
proved dryer  with  a  capacity  (rf  ten  tons,  which 
dries  the  ])runes  in  from  twenty-four  to  tliirty- 
ei.\  hours.  His  paclvin;.;  houses  are  also  vnry 
complete,  and  tlie  products  of  his  ranch  are 
conceded  eijual  to  any  ])rune  jjrown  in  the 
world.  lie  has  always  l)een  an  ardent  adiiiirer 
of  Nature,  and  in  1852  while  cros.^ing  the 
plains  ho  made  a  lurge  ideological  collection. 
Joeing  a  ta.xidermist  and  soinethin<'  of  an  orni- 
tliologist,  he  made  the  first  collection  of  the 
birds  and  animals  of  the  Willamette  valley,  and 
his  mountings  are  rciiresented  at  the  Smith- 
sonian Institute  at  Washington,  District  of 
Coluinhia.  lie  has  a  large  collection  at  his 
house  and  ottice,  and  his  rooms  are  considered 
hean.puirtei's  for  such  scientists  as  are  interested 
in  the  fauna  of  the  country.  As  a  collector  iiis 
name  has  been  catalogued  in  the  Uniteil  States 
and  Europe.  He  has  also  collected  the  conifer 
of  Orejfon,  and  has  twenty-seven  varieties 
growin<j  upon  his  lawn.  Upon  all  of  those 
sulijects  the  Doctor  has  written  (juite  exten- 
sively for  the  public  press. 

In  the  order  of  Masonry  our  subject  belongs 
to  the  thirty-second  degree,  lie  has  been  a  dis- 
ciple of  Darwin  and  iSpotieer  from  the  i)egin- 
nitig,  and  is  a  lover  of  the  natural  sciences  and 
an  ardent  student  of  Nature  in  all  channeis  of 
lier  development. 

tOUIS  T.  BAKIX,  a  prominent  citizen  of 
Portland,  Oregon,  was  horn  at  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  March  U,  18-12.  His  par- 
ents were  of  French  and  (Tcrman  origin,  were 
married  in  their  own  country  and  emigrated  to 
America  about  the  year  183(1.  settling  at  Provi- 
dence, where  Mr.  Harin  cinijarked  in  ni- rcantile 
pursuitf.  Louis  T.  wa.s  educated  in  th  ■  public 
schools  of  Providence  and  Boston,  and  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  years  began  the  batt'<  of  life  on 
his  own  account.  He  went  to  New  York  city, 
emiiarked  on  the  steamer  Moses  Taylor,  bouiid 
for  Aspinwall,  crossed  the  Isthmus,  and  re-em- 
barked at  Panama  for  San  Francisco  on  the 
steamer  .lohn  I,.  Stephens.  He  followed  clerk- 
ing, mining  at\d  (be  live  stock  l)Usiiu^S8  until 
18(52,  when  !».•  enlisted  in  Company  F,  First 
as 


Regiment  Oregon  Cavalry,  lie  was  appointed 
i''irst  Sergeant  after  two  years'  service  and  hehl 
this  position  for  one  year  or  until  discbiirged. 
He  was  on  sc.iut  duty,  skirmished  with  the  In- 
dians throughout  the  Northwest,  and  received 
an  honorable  discharge  from  Port  ^'^ancoiiver, 
August  iU,  18()5.  He  then  went  to  Oregon 
('ity  and  settled  on  (Jovernnient  land,  wlii(di  he 
improved  for  several  years.  In  18()!)  he  took 
up  his  residence  in  Oregon  City  and  began  \\w 
study  f)f  law  in  the  ollice  of  •lohnson  A:  Mc- 
Cown.  lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the 
Supreme  (lonrt  in  the  fall  of  1S72.  In  the 
same  year  lie  was  elected  by  the  iiepublican 
party  a  member  of  the  House  of  Kepresenlativos 
from  Clackamas  county.  He  was  elected  City 
Prosecuting  Attorney  in  187-t  and  was  re- 
elected in  1875.  During  the  years  187()  and 
1877  he  was  Mayor  of  ( >regon  City,  discharging 
his  duti(^s  very  etticienlly  and  with  great  satis- 
faction to  his  constituency.  lie  was  apjiointed 
Registrar  of  the  United  States  Land  OIlictMii 
.lanuary,  1878,  under  President  Hayes,  and  was 
reappoitited  by  l'r(>sident  Arthur  in  I'ebruary, 
1882.  He  tilled  this  position  until  May,  188(5, 
wdien  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  for  a  term  of  four  years.  While  hold- 
ing this  otlico  he  was  a  mcnilier  of  many  impor- 
tant committees,  being  Chairman  of  the  Judi- 
ciary (committee,  and  did  great  service  to  the 
fish  iniiustries  of  the  State  as  chairman  of  that 
committee.  For  years  ho  has  been  prominent 
in  political  campaigns,  as  a  member  of  the 
County  Committee,  and  in  the  convention  of 
1888  he  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  State 
Central  Committee.  In  the  election  of  June  of 
this  year  the  Republicans  made  an  unprec- 
edented majority,  which  lent  encouragement 
for  the  presidential  contest  of  the  following 
autumn.  In  the  fall  election  the  last  majority 
was  increaseil,  and  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Barin  wore 
recognized  from  various  quarters  in  the  Fast, 
and  at  home  by  the  presentation  of  a  solid  silver 
service  from  the  Republican  electors  of  Multno- 
as  appoint 
'lit  Harris 
1890,  and  is  fbe  present  incumbent  of  the  office. 
Mr.  Barin  was  married  in  Oregon  (lity  in 
1872,  to  Miss  Mary  Frances  Josephine  Harding, 
a  dau  j;bter  of  M.  A.  Harding,  a  |)rominent  pio- 
neer of  Oregon.  Three  cliildren  have  been 
born  of  this  union:  Bertha,  Morton  and  Louis 
T.,  Jr.  Mr.  ISarin  has  followed  his  profession 
as  opportunity  has  olTered,  and   has  <lealt  ijtiito 


inah  I'ouiity.     He  was  aiipointed   United  Staters 
Marshal    by    President    Harrison    February    12, 


maToitr  of  okboon. 


1  I  iM 


I'  I 


cxtoiiKively  in  reil  estate  in  CiaekHiniis  county. 
lie  owns  iinil  lias  siiju'rinteiiileil  the  cultivation 
of  a  lariu  ot  71)0  attres,  ami  liab  f^ivon  especial  at- 
liiition  to  the  lu'eudinj^  of  hi^h  ifrade  horses 
ami  cattle.  lie  lias  lieeli  active  in  rxjlitics,  and 
juides  hiuiself  upon  i)eiiijr  an  uncoinproinihin;; 
Kepuhlican.  lie  is  a  man  of  fjood  iiiisiness 
rjwalitications,  and  lias  won  a  liioh  reputation 
tliroui'lioiit  the  Slate. 


■  J^  ^^^^iJ^'^t 


fe>***=^ 


fOll.N  WILSON  MINTO  is  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Orej^oii.  ami  was  one  of  the  first 
white  children  horn  within  her  boriiurs,  the 
place  of  his  liirth  being  Marion  county,  and  the 
date,  Septeniher  27,  1848.  A  sketch  of  hia 
father,  lion.  John  Minto.  appears  elsewhere  in 
this  work.  The  early  education  of  Jonn  W. 
was  acijuired  in  the  l'rini.;le  school,  tanjiht  by 
N.  T.  CJaton,  who  has  become  prominent  in  law 
and  politics.  As  he  advanced  to  years  of  ma- 
turity, he  assisted  his  father  duriuff  the  summer 
months,  and  in  the  winter  attended  the  Orej^on 
Institute.  In  IHfiiJ  he  entered  the  Willamette 
University,  and  was  a  student  there  until  18(17. 
Startinj;  out  in  life  on  his  own  account,  he  was 
emi)loyed  by  ,J.  C  Scott,  to  assist  in  driviiiji;  a 
flock  of  shiiep  across  the  mountains  to  Cali- 
f'lrnia;  returning  to  Salem  he  packed  up  and 
made  a  trip  to  San  i'Vancisco,  his  object  being 
to  see  the  city;  his  slender  means  were  soon 
scattered,  and  it  became  necessaiy  for  him  to 
embrace  any  occupation  that  offered.  lie  came 
back  to  Salem  ii:  the  sprinjj;  of  1808.  and  went 
to  work  in  the  j)ioneer  oil  mill;  later  h.e  was 
engaged  in  digging  the  cellar  of  the  ('hemeketa 
hotel,  and  afterward  drove  cabs  and  drays  in  the 
city.  He  then  bought  a  team  anil  rented  Sand 
island,  and  furnished  sand  for  the  building  of 
the  State  institutions  and  other  l-.rge  structures. 
He  was  married  at  Salem,  December  20.  1871, 
to  .Miss  liebec-a  II.  Yocum,  a  native  of  Ore- 
gon.  The  same  year  he  was  appointed  night 
policennin  for  tliecity  of  Salem,  by.l.  A.  Haker, 
Chief;  he  tilled  this  position  very  acceptably  for 
five  yeais,  and  was  then  elected  Marshal,  hold- 
ing the  otIi(;e  until  1880,  when  he  resigned  to 
accept  the  position  of  Ue]nity  Sheriff'  under  It. 
C.  liamsby.  In  1882  he  became  a  caudiiiate  for 
Sheriff',  but  was  liefeated  in  the  convention.  He 
thi  n  secureil  a  position  with  the  Wells,  I'argo 
Express  Company,  to  carry  express  from   Sand 


Point,  Idaho,  to  Helena.  Montana,  a  distance  of 
400  miles,  while  the  Xorthern  Pacitie  road  was 
being  completed;  the  work  was  acconiplished 
by  freight  and  construction  trains,  but  was  at- 
tended by  many- severe  hardships  and  dangers. 
He  managed  this  business  with  great  ability, 
exhibiting  unusual  executive  powers,  until  the 
road  was  con'ipluted,  covering  a  period  of  eigh- 
teen months.  He  returned  to  Salem,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  livery  business  with  Robert  Ford, 
but  sold  out  in  the  fall  of  1884;  he  had  been 
elected  Sheriff  of  .Marion  county  in  .I\ineof  that 
year,  and  was  re-elected  in  1880. 

During  his  term  as  Sheriff  and  Marshal,  he 
passed  tbrougb  many  thrilling  experiences  and 
bad  numy  norrow  escaiies  from  death;  he  still 
carries  the  scars  of  hall  and  knife,  but  never 
sntl'ered  any  serious  results.  In  1888  he  em- 
barked in  the  real-estate  business  in  Portland, 
having  formed  a  partnership  with  S.  M.  Parr. 
August  1,  1890,  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Pnited  States  Weigher,  for  the  port  of  Portland, 
from  II.  P.  Earhart,  Collector  of  Customs,  and 
is  the  present  incumbent  of  that  office. 

Mr.  Minto  was  left  a  widower  with  one  child, 
Laura  E.,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  Bon.  Q.  Irwin; 
he  was  married  a  second  time  in  Portland,  June 
17,  1891,  to  Mrs.  Kate  (Aiken)  Sullivan,  a  na- 
tive '-''  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  Our  subject  is  a 
a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge,  Chapter  and  Coni- 
imxndry  of  the  Masonic  order,  of  Alkader 
Shriiu*.  No.  1,  also  of  Mystic  Lodge,  K.  of  P., 
and  of  the  I.  O.  O.  V.  He  is  an  owner  of  realty 
in  Portland,  and  of  business  property  in  Salem. 
He  is  a  nnm  veryjpopular  among  his  as8(jciates, 
and  has  proven  a  most  efficient  olficei',  giving 
satisfaction  to  all  piirties.  and  reflecting  much 
credit  upon  himself  and  his  constituency. 


^-vji:- 


rC,.^" 


m^ 


A.  SCOG(tIN,  an  esteemed  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1845,  who  for  upward  of 
^  twenty  years  has  been  pr(>minently 
connected  with  the  live-stock  interests  of  the 
State,  was  born  in  Morgan  county,  Missouri,  in 
May,  1840. 

His  father,  Woodson  Scoggin,  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  and  was  married  in  1828,  fo  Miss 
Mary  Green,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  in  1831, 
they  emigrated  to  Missouri,  where  Mr.  Scoggin 
eng!ige<l  in  farming  and  stock-raising.  Tbei* 
lie  died  in  February,  1840.  greatly  lamented  by 


niSTOHY    (IF    ii/ih'OoX. 


«07 


all  wlio  knew  liirii,  who  valued  liiin  for  his  many 
Ktui'liiig  (lualities  of  iiiiid  iiiid  heart.  His  widow 
was  left  with  five  small  cliildren.  In  18-15,  she 
married  Mr.  .f.  AV.  (Jhumhers,  and  they  im- 
mediately started  with  ox  teams  across  the  great 
plains.  Their  journey  was  a  prosperous  one. 
and  they  arrived  safely  at  the  Dalles,  wlienee  hy 
rafts  and  Indian  canoes,  they  came  down  the 
Columbia  river  to  Linnton,  an  old  Hudson's  Hay 
trading  post,  where  they  arrived  in  the  fall  of 
1845.  After  a  few  weeks  of  rest,  they  removed 
to  TualitiTi  Plains,  Washington  county,  Oreijon, 
where  Mr.  ('iianihers  purchased  a  claim  of  t)4() 
acres  from  Dick  Howe,  an  em[)loye  of  the 
Hudson's  Hay  Company,  where  the  family  con- 
tinued to  reside  until  the  deatii  of  Mr.  Cham- 
bers, in  1877.  His  wife  survived  liim  twelve 
years,  dying  in  1889,  greatly  mourned  tiy  her 
fajnily  and  friends,  who  appreciated  her  many 
Christian  virtues. 

The  snhject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  Washington  county  scliools,  at  Tualitin 
Academy  and  the  University  of  Forest  Grove. 
When  eighteen  years  of  age,  ho  commenced 
clerking  at  Springville,  vvhere  he  continued 
until  1808.  He  theu  wont  to  the  mines  on  Sal- 
mon river,  where  he  subsequently  conducted  a 
pack  train  of  forty  to  sixty  horses,  which  he 
used  to  carry  mining  supplies  from  the  Dalles 
and  Iliuatilla  landing  to  the  mining  camps  of 
Idaho  and  Montana.  He  continued  packing 
and  mining  with  substantial  success  until  1870, 
when  he  sold  out,  and  gave  his  entire  attention 
to  tile  live-stock  business,  in  which  he  had  be- 
come engagetl  a  couple  of  years  previously  in 
eastern  Oregon.  He  purchased  large  quanti- 
ties of  land  on  watercourses,  and  thus  con- 
trolled an  extensive  range  for  his  cattle,  which, 
at  times,  numtiered  0.000  head,  150  head  of 
which  were  horses.  In  the  severe  winter  of 
1888,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  feed  and  the  mir- 
ing of  cattle,  he  lost  about  4,000  head,  since 
when  he  has  continued  on  a  smaller  basis,  and 
is  thus  enabled  to  give  closer  attention  to  his 
.«tock.  He  was  also  a  large  handler  of  grain, 
which  he  continued  until  1883,  when  he  located 
more  jit^rnianently  in  Portland. 

in  1882  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators  and 
builders  of  the  Muitnomali  streetcar  line,  which 
was  at  first  operated  with  horse  power,  but 
which,  ill  1890.  was  converted  to  electric  power, 
and  has  figured  prominently  in  the  development 
of  Ihe  suburbs  of  Portland.  In  1874  he 
iirected  a  large  and  c.onifortablo  residence  at  No. 


472  Alder  street,  Portland,  where  he  anil  his 
family  now  reside. 

Mr.  Scoggin  wai,  married  in  Walla  Wallu.  in 
1870,  to  Miss  Augusta  lieser,  an  intelligt'iil  an<l 
amiable  lady,  and  a  native  of  .Missouri.  They 
have  four  childrcin:  (ieorge  U.,./<ihii  11.,  Dora  L. 
and  Ida  A. 

Ho  is  an  honored  member  of  the  K'liighls  of 
I'ythias;  A.  ().  It.  M.,  and  exeni|)t  volunteer 
firemen.  He  is  also  an  active  and  eflicient 
member  of  the  Common  Council,  to  which  jxisi- 
tion  he  was  elected  on  the  citizens'  ticket,  in 
18!»2,  being  the  third  term. 

Mr.  Seoggin's  eminent  success  is  entirely  <liiu 
to  his  own  exertions,  persistently  ancl  intelli- 
gently applied.  These  efforts  have  always  been 
pushed  with  due  regard  for  the  riguts  of  others 
and  with  the  most  tl:.)rougli  honor  and  upright- 
ness of  dealing.  Hence  it  is  not  surpri.-ing 
thai  he  should  have  attaiiusd  both  tinancial  mic- 
cess  and  the  universal  esteem  of  his  fellownmn. 

§I<:NUY  W.  COE,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  most 
progressive  physicians  of  Portland,  and 
Professor  of  Descriptive  Anatomy  in  the 
medical  department  of  Willamette  University, 
is  a  native  of  Waupun,  Wisconsin,  horn  in  1857. 
His  paternal  ancestors  wen;  natives  of  Kng- 
land,  and  date  back  to  Stepiien  Coe,  who  was  a 
martyr  to  the  cause  of  religiou.-;  liberty,  and 
was  burned  at  the  stake.  .Vfter  tiiis  terrible 
event  his  sons  emigrated  to  America,  and  set- 
tled in  New  England.  Thu  mother  was  de- 
scended from  the  colonial  seti  '"rs,  who  emigrated 
from  Holland  and  located  hi  l'enn^ylvalua.  iShe 
was  a  member  of  the  Cronl<heit  family.  For 
generations  the  Goes  have  been  professional 
men,  connected  either  with  medicine  or  the 
ministry.  The  father  of  our  subject,  Samuel  B. 
Coe,  M.  D.,  was  a  native  of  Ohio.  lie  joined 
the  tide  of  western  emigration,  and  drifted  to 
Wisconsin.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Morris- 
town,  Minnesota,  wh(!re  he  is  still  following  liis 
profession;  was  a  soldi. 'r  in  the  I'liiim  Army. 
Dr.  Henry  W.  Coo  received  his  literary  education 
in  the  University  of  Minnesota,  and  began  liis 
medical  coarse  at  Ann  .\rbor.  lie  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  at 
Prooklin,  New  York,  in  1880, and  entered  up(m 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Mandan,  North 
Dakota,  where  he  met  with  more  than  ordinary 


.;i  i 


''« 


008 


insTonr  o/   oKEfioN. 


6IIUCCS8.  ilc  WAR  nppnintcil  president  of  the 
State  Mtidical  Sociity,  bii|ii'rititi'iiileiit  of 
tlie  Stdti.  liounl  of  llealth,  United  States 
I'.xaininiiij^  Siirj^eon  for  IVnKJons,  and  siir- 
peon  for  the  \ortii(<i'n  I'acilii'  railroad. 
I'eeanse  of  tiie  luiHettled  coniliticin  of  tiie 
country,  in  tiie  Bjiriiif^  of  IS'Jl  IJr.  Coe  re- 
tiif^ned  tlie  al)o\e  a|)pointinent8,  and  removed  to 
I'ortland,  Orej^oii,  wliere  lie  resumed  liis  pro- 
fessional work.  Soon  after  iiis  arrival  lie  met 
Dr.  II.  11.  Holmes,  a  olassniate  at  the  Long 
Island  Collef^e,  and  a  prominent  practitioner 
of  Tortland.  A  partnership  was  soon  formed, 
and   they  are  now  associated  in  hiisiness. 

in  the  summer  of  18((1  Dr.  (Joe  was  elected 
to  a  full  profes8or.shi|)  of  the  chair  of  Descriptive 
and  Sni'i^ieal  Anatomy  in  the  medical  depart- 
of  the  Willamette  University,  where  he  delivers 
three  lectures  a  week  in  connection  with  his  ^e>\\- 
eral  practict". 

Dr.  Coo  was  married  at  Mandan,  Xorth  Da- 
kota, in  1882,  to  Miss  Viola  M.  I'oloy,  a  native 
of  Iowa.  One  child  has  heen  born  of  this 
niiion,  a  son  named  (Tcorge  C.  Mrs.  Coe  is 
also  a  physician  hy  education,  being  a  graduate 
of  the  Woman's  Hospital  Medical  College  of 
(!liicago.  The  Doctor  is  a  inomlier  of  the  blue 
lodge  and  chapter  of  the  Masonic  order.  He 
belongs  to  the  Oregon  State  Medical  Society, 
to  the  Portland  Medical  Society,  and  is  secre- 
tary of  the  I'ortland  Hospital  Clinical  Society. 
lie  is  a  man  of  e.xcellent  ability,  and  has  won 
an  enviable  reputation  as  a  practitioner  of  much 
skill  and  wisdom. 


fAPTAlN  E.  S.  EDWARDS,  United  States 
Inspector  of  steam  vessels  for  the  District 
of  Willamette,  is  a  native  of  Campbell 
county,  Kentucky,  born  May  17,  1853.  His 
father,  Captain  .fohn  Edwards,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  a  descendant  of  seafaring 
ancestors;  he  emigrated  to  this  conntry,  and 
operated  steamers  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
rivers.  He  married  Margaret  Tood,  a  native 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  they  have  both  joined  the 
great  silent  majority  upon  the  other  side,  leav- 
ing two  ('''ildren;  the  eldest  is  the  subject  of 
this  notice,  and  the  ditnghtor  is  Mrs.  II.  T. 
Wilcox,  of  Covington,  Kentucky.  Captain  Kd- 
wards  received  his  early  education  at  the  acade- 
mies at  Elizabeth,  Kcntneky,  and  lU  Dayton, 


Ohio.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he  engaged 
in  river  navijiatioii  under  his  father's  instriic- 
tions,  and  became  a  skilled  ])ilot,  following  this 
calling  until  1874.  In  this  year  he  came  to 
I'ortland,  Oregon,  and  entered  the  employ  of 
the  United  States  Engineering  Department,  in 
the  capacity  of  general  utility  man,  tilling  posi- 
tions of  responsibility,  such  as  river  pilot,  super- 
intendent of  construction,  or  aiding  on  surveys 
under  the  direction  of  the  United  States  Engi- 
neer. He  contiiiued  in  this  work  until  May  18, 
1889,  when  he  was  appointed  to  his  present 
position  of  trust. 

The  District  of  Willamette  covers  all  coast 
and  inland  waters  between  Shoalwater  bay  in 
Washington  and  the  California  line,  including 
the  waters  of  Oregon,  Idaho  and  a  part  of 
Washington  and  Montana.  By  law  all  vessels 
must  bo  inspected  once  a  year,  or  more  fre- 
(juently  if  found  necessary.  Captain  Edwanls 
inspects  all  woodwork  and  examines  all  ap|)li- 
eantfi  and  issues  all  licenses  to  masters,  pilots 
and  mates.  There  are  about  160  vessels  within 
his  jurisdiction,  carrying  in  aggregate  3,963,508 
tons;  during  1891,  1,915,801  passengers  wore 
transported  in  the  district  and  only  three  lives 
were  lost,  and  these  entirely  by  accident.  In 
the  service  of  several  steamships  there  are  em- 
ployed about  195  masters,  eighty-tive  mates  and 
seventy-five  pilots. 

Captain  Edwards  was  married  in  I'ortland, 
December  9,  1880,  to  Miss  Nora  Collins,  a  na- 
tive of  New  York  city.  Our  worthy  subject  is 
Captain  of  the  Canton,  I.  O.  O.  P.,  and  also 
Captain  of  Willamette  Division,  No.  2,  Knights 
of  rythias,  having  served  as  Adjutant  and  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of  the  regiment;  he  is  also  an 
active  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  A  man 
thoroughly  versed  in  his  vocation,  he  is  one  of 
the  most  popular  employes  of  the  Government 
Department. 

J^AVID  0(tILVY,  though  a  recent  citizen 
u2n  of  the  State  of  *)regon,  is  making  rapid 
^j^  strides  towai'd  the  front  raidc  of  arcliitects 
in  the  city  of  I'ortland.  He  is  a  native  of  the 
city  of  Montreal,  Canada,  and  is  a  son  of  Scotch 
parents.  His  father  and  mother  removed  from 
Scotland  In  Canada  in  18(52,  and  settled  at 
Montreal,  where  Mr.  Ogiivy  engaged  in  mer 
eantile    pursuits;  he  became  a  large  and  impor- 


tf  •        « 


nil^TORY    OF    OliROOK. 


iliV.i 


tdiit  dealer,  Imvinjr estiiblishutl  tliree  stort'i*  with 
wholesale  and  retail  dcimrtnu'iita.  David  Ogilvy 
received  his  education  at  M'j(iill  I'niversity, 
taking,'  the  coiirno  of  ap|)lied  science,  and  gradu- 
ating at  the  age  of  nineteen  years;  at  that  time 
he  was  the  youngest  ])er8on  to  receive  tiie  de- 
gree of  this  de])artnient.  Architecture,  hridge- 
huiidinj^  and  roof  w<irk  were  special  features, 
while  particular  attention  was  given  to  tiie 
])rineiples  of  construction.  Reduced  in  health 
and  strength,  Mr.  Ogilvy  desired  outdoor  exer- 
cise, and  was  successful  in  securing  a  position 
with  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad;  lie  gave 
his  attention  to  their  bridge  work,  and  accoin- 
j)lislied  his  ends  so  8atisfact<prily  that  he  was 
given  letters  of  the  highest  commendation.  He 
was  afterward  employed  in  the  office  of  Hutch- 
inson &  Steele,  the  leading  firm  of  architects  of 
the  city  of  Montreal;  there  lie  remained  eighteen 
months,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  went  to 
<  )malia,  Nebraska,  wliere  ho  entered  into  part- 
nership with  John  AlcUonald,  a  fellow  class- 
iiiftte  and  graduate;  for  five  years  he  devoted 
himself  to  architecture,  and  was  also  superin- 
tendent of  construction,  erecting  a  large  num- 
ber of  residences,  warehouses  and  bu.siness 
blocks;  the  most  notewortliy  of  these  being 
the  block  of  Barker  Brothers,  (50  x  128  feet,  four 
stories  high;  the  entire  frojit  is  of  iron  and 
glass,  and  very  difficult  of  construction. 

Mr.  Ogilvy  came  to  Portland  in  1890,  with- 
out friend  or  acquaintance,  his  capital  being 
chietly  his  jierfect  understanding  of  his  profes- 
sion, which  he  has  thoroughly  sustained.  He 
opened  offices  in  the  Worcester  P)lock,  and  in 
the  midst  of  great  eoini)etition  cast  about  for 
business.  His  first  contract  was  on  the  resi- 
dence work  of  the  Myer  Rosenblat  estate,  and 
his  first  business  block  was  for  the  estate  of  J. 
G.  (ilenn;  his  plans  were  offered  in  competition 
and  were  accepted  on  account  of  the  wise  ar- 
rangement of  rooms,  all  of  which  arc  well 
lighted.  The  business  block  of  Mc^^astcr  & 
Birrell  is  also  of  his  design  and  8U]Hirintend- 
enco.  In  residences  lie  is  erecting  many  fine 
homes,  ranging  in  cost  of  construction  from 
85,000  to  S12.000;  the  stylos  adopted  are  the 
Queen  Ann,  the  Klizabethaii  and  Colonial. 
In  constructive  ability  his  skill  was  well  dis- 
played on  the  block  of  Praeger  Brothers,  a  build 
ing  100  X  100  foot,  two  stories  high:  here  he  put 
in  new  walls,  floors,  roof  and  basement  without 
any  interruption  to  traffic.  The  contracts  of 
Mr.  (>gilvy  are  numerous  for  the  coining  year,  a 


marked  evidence  of  the  success  which  is  sure  to 
fdlhiw  ability,  integrity  and  persevering  energy. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Ivnights  of  i'ytliias 
and  of  St.  .Andrew's  .Society,  and  is  thoroughly 
identified  and  imbued  with  the  progressivo 
spirit  of  his  adopted  city. 


UpAI'TAlX  THOMAS  W.SVMONS,  mem- 
jrot  lier  of  the  Corps  of  Kiigineer.s,  United 
T)(n  States  Army,  located  at  I'ortland,  was 
born  on  the  border  of  hake  Champlain,  at  Kceso- 
ville,  New  York,  in  1849,  a  son  of  Thomas  Sy- 
mons.  a  nativeof  Montreal,  of  English  descent. 
The  mother's  maiden  name  was  Serena  lOaton,  a 
member  of  an  old  and  highly  respicted  family 
of  Massachusetts.  They  reared  a  family  of  five 
children,  of  whom  Thomas  W.  is  the  oldest  son. 
The  family  removed  to  Flint,  Mi<'higaii,  and 
there  our  subject  attended  the  common  schools. 
He  was  also  a  stutlent  at  the  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, riansing,  Michigan,  and  in  1870  received 
an  iippointinent  to  the  West  Point  Nfilitary 
Academy;  he  was  graduated  from  this  institu- 
tion in  187-1,  with  the  highest  honors,  standing 
first  in  his  class.  He  was  then  appointed  to 
the  Engineer  Corps  of  the  army,  and  was  first 
stationed  at  Willets'  Point,  a  torpedo  school. 
At  the  end  of  eighteen  months  he  was  detailed 
on  the  Wheeler  survey,  which  was  conducted 
under  the  War  Department.  For  three  years 
he  was  constantly  in  the  field,  after  which  he 
was  sent  to  Vancouver,  on  General  Howard's 
staff.  While  in  this  service  he  made  a  ma])  of 
Oregon,  Wa.shington  and  Utah,  very  complete 
in  detail,  which  has  been  used  as  tlie  basis  of 
three  later  editions.  In  1882  he  was  sent  to 
Plum  Point,  Arkansas,  to  superintenil  the  im- 
provement of  the  Mississippi  river.  Under  the 
State  Department  he  was  then  detailed  to  make 
examination  of  the  boundarv  line  between  the 
(' lifted  States  and  Mexico,  this  was  (tondncted 
with  representatives  of  the  Mexican  Govern- 
ment, and  arrangements  wore  made  for  the  build- 
ing of  iron  monuments  on  the  border,  west  from 
El  i'aso  to  San  Diego,  according  to  the  treaty. 
Captain  Syinons  was  then  detailed  to  Washing- 
ton ('ity,  as  Superintendent  and  Engineer  in 
I  charge  of  many  important  iin])rovements.  In 
1889  h((  was  detailed  to  Oregon,  as  United 
States  Engineer,  in  cliargc  of  river  and  harbor 
work.     This    includes    the    improvement    now 


IIKI 


nisTonv  Of  ohkoos 


my 


lieiii^  iiiado  at  (Joob,  VaijiiinH.  Tillairiook  and 
NfihaUiin  bayt*,  and  tlie  ^'ociuiilu,  Uinixina  and 
Snislaw  rivers,  in  Orc^ion,  and  Willa|)a  and 
(iray's  imrlidiH,  <)lyin|)ia.  I'nf,'i'l  Hound,  and  a 
Kloujili  in  Wiisliiiii,rtoM,  and  flio  ('()iutnl)ia  and 
Snaki!  riverf,  in  NS'a.-iiiiij^'ton  and  Idaho,  lie 
wart  eoniirctcil  witli  tlu;  survey  to  cciuni^ct  the 
waters  of  l'ii;;et  sound  with  tiie  waters  ot  lakes 
Union  and  W'ashini^ton,  at  Seattle,  hi'sides 
nniru'rous  otiier  surveys  for  river  and  liarlior 
iiti|)i'oveineiits  tlirou};ii  Wasiiingttin,  Idalio  and 
tile  Nortliwest. 

(Jiiptain  Syinons  was  married  in  Phihidei- 
pliia,  ill  l^(^■^.  to  Miss  Lelitia  V.  Uol)inson,  a 
daiigliler  oi'  Alexander  llohiiison,  a  distini^uislied 
financier  of  western  ''<!niisyivaiiia.  They  are 
till!  parents  of  two  cnildieu:  Margaretta  and 
Thomas  W.,  Jr.  The  (Japtain  is  a  inemlmr  of 
the  Masoiiie  fraternity.  Throughout  his  career 
he  has  held  positions  of  honor  and  trust,  and 
has  diseharf^ed  his  duties  in  a  manner  refleetinj:; 
uieat  credit,  upon  himself,  and  always  to  the 
liest  interests  of  the  Government. 


flJ.  EATON,  M.  D.,  a  prominent  physician 
of  I'ortla  id,  Oreffon,  was  horn  in  Ghieago, 
<*  Illinois,  in  1852.  His  ancestors  were 
numbered  among  the  iMassacluisetts  Hay  ('olouy 
of  IfJiJS,  and  were  men  of  sterling  characteris- 
tics, promineiit  in  the  founding  of  the  new 
country,  and  in  time  of  war  acting  well  their  jiart. 

(leneral  Joseph  II.  Eaton,  the  Doctor's  fa- 
ther, a  native  of  ilaseachu setts,  settled  in  Chi- 
cago. He  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and 
was  aid-de-eamp  of  General  Taylor  during  the 
Mexican  war.  going  with  him  to  Washington 
and  leinaiiiing  with  him  until  the  (Teneral's 
death.  He  then  returned  to  his  regiment,  the 
Third  Infantry,  with  commission  of  Captain, 
and  remained  with  his  company  until  1855, 
wheti  he  resigned  as  Brevet  Colonel.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion,  Colonel  Eaton 
was  appointed  Paymaster  and  served  in  that  ca- 
pacity until  1874,  having  been  breveted  Hriga- 
dier(Teneral.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  Chief 
Paymaster  of  the  Department  of  Columbia,  with 
head(juarters  in  Portland,  and  occupied  that  im- 
portant position  until  1884,  when  ho  was  retired. 

F.  13.  Eaton  was  educated  at  the  Columbian 
College  Preparatory  School  at  Washington,  Dis- 
trict of   Columbia,  and  at  Cornell   University. 


Ho  gave  particular  attention  to  the  study  of 
chemistry  and  comparative  anatomy,  graduating 
at  the  university  in  1873  with  the  licentiate 
degree.  His  entire  course  of  study  was  directed 
toward  the  special  treatment  of  eye,  ear  and 
thr(^at,  as  advised  by  Dr.  Hasil  N orris,  an  emi- 
nent jihysician  of  Washington,  connected  with 
the  army,  and  a  personal  I'riend  of  (leiieral  Eaton. 

Prom  (Jornell  Dr.  Eaton  went  to  Washing- 
ton, District  of  Columbia,  and  took  one  course 
at  the  medical  department  of  Columbian  Col- 
lege. He  the-i  went  to  San  Francisco,  took  two 
courses  at  the  (3i)oper  Medical  College,  and 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1875. 
He  continued  his  studies  for  a  brief  time  in 
.New  York  and  (Miicago,  and  in  187t>  came  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession. 

In  1877  Dr.  Eaton  was  appointed  Assistant 
Surgeon  in  the  regularariny,  and  was  connected 
with  the  cavalry  during  the  Nez  Perces  uprising. 
In  1878  he  was  attending  Surgeon  at  Forts 
Ste|)lienso>i  and  ('anby  during  the  Bannock  war, 
after  which  he  resigned  and  retnrne<l  to  Port- 
land, resuming  the  practice  of  his  profession 
there.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  to  the  chair 
of  diseases  of  eye,  ear  and  throat  in  the  medical 
department  of  Willamette  University,  where  he 
lectured  for  severaj  yjars,  resigning  about  1887 
lo  accept  a  similar  po-iition  in  tlie  newly  organ- 
ized medical  department  of  the  University  of 
Oregon.  In  1889  he  made  a  trip  to  Europe, 
taking  special  courses  at  London,  Vienna  and 
Paris.  He  is  ophthalmic  and  aurist  surgeon  to 
St.  Vincent  ana  Good  Samaritan  Hospitals  and 
is  oculist  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany. The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  Loyal 
Legion  of  United  States  of  America. 


II.  BYARS,  who  is  numbered  among 
the  Oregon  pioneers  of  1853,  is  a  na- 
o  tive  of  Des  iloines.  Iowa,  born  July 
7,  1839.  His  paternal  ancesto'-s  were  among 
the  colonial  settlers  of  V^irginia,  and  his  father, 
Fleming  Byars,  was  born  in  that  State,  and 
there  passed  his  boyhood;  the  mother  was  a 
member  of  the  Deardorff  family  of  (Jhio.  Mr. 
Fleming  Byars  married  Anna  Deardortf,  in 
Union  county,  Indiana,  in  1838,  and  went  to 
Des  Moines  county,  Iowa,  and  there  followed 
agricultural  pursuits  until  his  death,  in  1847; 


iiisTonr  OF  oiiKOoN. 


nil 


he  left  a  wife  and  four  cliildreii.  Mrw.  IJyiiro 
nfterwanl  married  .loliii  Myera,  of  Iowa,  and  in 
IHh'i  tliey  joined  the  tide  of  western  emigration 
and  crossed  the  j>lainrt  to  Oruj^on;  after  a  tedi- 
ous journey  of  five  uiontiis  tiiey  reached  tlie 
I'acitie  coast,  locating  on  a  doiuition  claim  in 
Donifhis  county.  W.  11.  ISyars  was  reared  to 
tlie  life  of  a  fanner  and  \\\»  educational  advan- 
tages were,  tiierefore  (juite  limited.  lie  made 
the  nn)8t  of  his  opportunities,  and  liy  persever- 
ance, finally  titled  himself  to  teach;  he  contin- 
ued his  studies  at  intervals,  attending  (j(duinl)ia 
(College,  at  Eugene,  the  Willamette  University, 
at  Salem,  aiul  afterward  f;ra(luate<l  with  the  Hrst 
class  at  Wilbur  Academy,  Douglas  county,  in 
18(i8. 

In  1802  began  a  period  of  interruption  to  his 
intellectual  pursuits;  he  visited  the  mines  of 
Idaho,  and  tor  two  years  was  engaged  in  the 
chief  industry  of  that  section,  in  hauling  and 
packing  supplies  or  digging  for  gold.  Iteturn- 
ing  to  Oregon  at  the  end  of  two  years  he  en- 
listed in  Company  A,  Kirst  Oregon  (Javalry, 
and  for  eighteen  months  was  in  the  Indian  cam- 
paigns in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  lie  was 
lioiioriibly  discharged  at  Vancouver  ni  August, 
1805,  and  returned  to  Douglas  county,  where 
he  continued  his  studies  until  his  graduation. 
After  this  event  ho  taught  in  the  academy  and 
was  elected  County  Superintendent  of  Schools 
for  Douglas  county.  In  1870  he  was  elected 
County  Surveyor,  and  two  years  later  was  ap- 
pointed United  States  Deputy  Surveyor  under 
W.  II.  Odell,  Surveyor-General,  a  position  he 
filled  until  1884. 

Mr.  Byars  removed  to  Roseburg  in  187i5, 
and  bought  the  Plain  Dealer,  a  Democratic 
weekly  newspaper;  he  changed  the  politics  of 
this  sheet  and  continued  its  editor  and  publisher 
until  1884,  when  he  sold  out,  after  being  elected 
State  Printer,  the  duties  of  which  office  required 
his  presence  at  Salem.  He  then  purchased  a 
half  interest  in  the  Statesman,  \V.  11.  Odell  be- 
ing the  the  other  piartner,  and  assumed  its  man- 
agement and  editorial  work  for  eighteen  months, 
after  which  he  sold  to  the  present  pioprietors. 
In  1888  he  was  elected  City  Surveyor  of  Salem 
and  held  that  office  until  1890,  when,  under  the 
administration  of  President  Benjamin  Harrison, 
he  was  appointed  United  States  Surveyor-Gen- 
eral for  the  State  of  Oregon. 

Mr.  Byars  was  married  in  Douglas  county, 
Oregon,  December  23,  1868,  to  Mrs.  Emma  A. 
(Slocum)    li<jed,    u    native    of    Kentucky.     Six 


children  have  been  born  of  this  union:  Ana  .\., 
wife  of  S.  U.  'riiompson;  William  K.,  Alfred 
I!.,  .Mera  I!.,  now  dead;  .lohii  Kex  and  Vera  .M. 
Our  subject  is  a  member  of  Sedgwick  Post, 
No.  10,  (t.  A.  K.,  of  Salem,  of  the  .Masonic 
fraternity,  the  A.  O.  U.  \V.  anil  th(<  Salem 
(irange.  He  has  always  been  a  loyal  supporter 
of  the  interests  of  the  State  and  has  done  his 
share  in  the  developnieht  of  her  resources. 

§:s^»-ie:4 i^"«ig:i 

UK  IvKELKV  INSTITUTK.  This  insti- 
tute was  (established  at  Portland,  under 
the  principles  and  for  the  use  of  the  rem- 
edies discovered  by  Dr.  Leslie  K.  Keeley,  of 
Dwight,  Illinois,  for  the  cure  of  intoiuperanco 
or  the  e.\cessive  use  of  tobacco  in  any  of  its 
forms.  As  Corps  Surgeon  during  the  bite  war, 
Dr.  ICeeley  was  brought  into  close  relation  with 
men  of  all  classes  and  conditions  and  through 
remedies,  used  in  that  ])ractice,  and  siibsecpuMitly 
developed  by  careful  experiment,  he  iliscovered 
remedies  which  have  proved  esjiecially  etiica^ 
cioiis  in  the  above  disorders.  Dr.  Iveeley  opened 
his  tirst  institute  at  Dwight,  in  1881,  and  prac- 
ticed in  a  quiet  way  in  connection  with  his  gen- 
eral practice  of  medicine.  In  1885  .loseph 
Medill,  of  the  Chicago  Tribune,  investigated 
the  institute  and  through  his  enthusiastic  arti- 
cles a  large  patronage  was  built  up  and  many 
people  have  been  cured  of  thisiiisidious  disease. 
Unable  to  handle  the  large  business  and  wish- 
ing to  distribute  its  benetits  throughout  the 
laud.  Dr.  Keeley  was  induced  to  sell  State 
rights  to  use  his  remedies  and  Oregon  was  pur- 
chased by  Dr.  V.  [j.  Taylor  and  Mr.  E.  B. 
Campbell.  The  tirst  institute  was  established 
at  Portland  and  was  continued  with  marked 
success  there  until  January  1,  1892,  when  it  was 
removed  to  Forest  Grove,  where,  amidst  more 
quiet  surroundings  and  remote  from  the  dissi- 
pations of  city  life,  the  institute  will  be  con- 
ducted as  is  every  established  sanitarium  ami 
the  patients  will  receive  the  f\ill  benetit  of  the 
remedies. 

Dr.  Taylor,  the  physician  in  charge,  was  born 
in  Heaver,  Pennsylvania,  in  1807.  His  father, 
W.  N.  Taylor,  was  one  of  the  representative 
business  men  of  that  locality.  In  1809  he  re- 
moved to  Hamilton  county,  Iowa,  and  for  years 
was. connected  with  public  affairs  of  that  county, 
subsequently  removing   to  southern   Loiiisian.", 


ma 


UI8T0HY    OF    (tUEGON. 


wlier*!  lie  imw  rei-idcK.  ('Ii;,'iii,'im1  in  the  I'liltiire  of 
I'niit. 

Oiir  ^llllil•(•l  wii^-  ciliiciilcil  ill  (lie  lii;^li  ^(;lllM)l 
(if  Wcli>tor  ()\\)\  IdWii,  mill  iit  tli(!  iif,'L'  of  iiiiii'- 
tt'cn  yi'iirs  ciitcrcil  tlic  ollici'  of  |)i\  W.  \. 
(iifiMi,  of  \Vel)Hl('i'  I'ity,  mill  imiltT  his  i^iiiiliinc.e 
piirsiioil  tli(^  Ktiiily  of  iiu!(liciii(!  for  ii  in-riod  of 
tlii'ije  yi'iirri,  fakiiif^  winter  coiirneB  of  lectures  at 
UiihIi  Meilical  College,  where  he  ^jrailiiated  in 
ISSS.  He  then  coinnu'iiceil  [iractice  at  .icwtill 
. I  unction,  Iowa,  and  after  about  (M^diteeii  months 
he  leiiioved  to  llaiicroft,  Iowa,  where  he  fol- 
lowed a  i^eiieral  |)ni('tii'e  iii.til  lie  eaiiie  to  I'ort- 
laiid  to  eslalilisli  the  Keelcv  liistitiitii. 

I)r.  Taylor  was  inarrieil  at  ArinstroMi:;,  Iowa, 
ill  1888,  to  Misn  Aiinu  G.  Caiiiphell,  eldest 
daughter  of  E.  li.  (laniphell,  who  was  the  I'ost- 
master  and  leading  nierehaiit  of  Arinstroiii;. 
l)r.  Taylor  is  a  memlier  of  Portland  I,oi|j!;e,  No. 
Tj-,.  a.  V.  &  A.  M. 

I'raiik  Davey,  secretary  and  husiness  niaii- 
ao;er  (d' the  Keeley  Institute,  was  horn  in  Ire- 
land, August  18,  1850.  At  the  aire  of  seven- 
teen years  he  came  to  the  United  States  and 
located  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  engaged  as  clerk 
in  a  dry-goods  house.  Suhseqiiently  he  re- 
nioveil  to  (^^arthage,  Illinois,  where  he  clerked 
in  a  drug  store  until  1871,  wdien  he  removed  to 
Kmmet  county,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  teaching 
school.  Soon  alter  this  he  was  elected  County 
School  Sujieriuteiulent  for  two  terms  of  four 
years,  then  was  elected  Connty  Auditor  for  an- 
other four  years  and  then  served  as  County 
Surveyoi'  for  two  years.  From  187()  to  18S2 
lie  was  the  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  North- 
ern \'indicator,  a  paper  which  exerted  much 
iiitluciice  in  that  locality,  from  its  sj)icy  articles 
and  etli(;ieut  management.  Mr.  Davey  iilso 
stiulied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1880.  Keniaining  in  Iowa  until  18S()  he  came 
to  i'ortland,  and  in  the  spring  of  1887  connected 
himself  with  the  Weekl\  World,  but  in  Deceiii- 
lier,  of  that  same  year,  lie  settled  in  Salem  as 
buokkee])er  and  business  manager  of  the  Ore- 
gon Statesman,  ami  in  LSSO  was  appointeil  city 
(iditor.  In  ISDO  he  became  city  editor  of  the 
Kveniiig  Capital  Journal  and  in  181(1  he  was 
elected  doiirnal  Clerk  of  the  Legislature. 

With  the  establishment  of  the  Keeley  Insti- 
tute Mr.  Davey  became  connected  with  it  and 
is  a  stockholder  in  same. 

lie  was  married  in  Iowa,  April  4,  1877,  to 
Miss  Villa  Pike,  and  they  have  three  children: 
Winefred  M.,  Frances  V.  and   Robert  K,     Mr. 


I)avey  is  a  member  of  the  A.  ( >.  U.  W.  and  is 
jiresident  of  the  lii-Chlorido  of  (lold  (!lul).  Mr. 
C.  I>.  Cam|)bell,  son  of  the  giMitleman  who  was 
one  of  the  original  puridiasers  of  Oregon,  has 
taken  his  father's  place  in  the  institute  and  is 
its  vice  Jiresident  and  treasurer.  His  time  is 
j)rinciprtlly  occupied  in  attending  to  a  consulta- 
tion office  which  the  institute  has  established  at 
lt)7A  Third  street,  corner  of  Morrison,  l'orthin<l. 
These  gentlemen,  whose  biography  is  here 
given,  are  doing  a  great  and  grand  work  and 
deserve  tlu!  respect  and  esteem  of  every  one  in 
the  entire  State.  Inteniperaiu'e  is  a  curse  and 
any  one  who  endeavors  to  wipe  it  out  is  a  ben- 
efactor of  mankind. 


M.  OWEN,  an  Oregon  jiioncer  of  1852, 
now  living  retired  in  Portland,  is  ii 
*  native  of  Henry  county,  Tennessee, 
horn  in  April,   1822. 

His  parents,  A.  M.  and  Jane  (McCracken) 
Owen,  were  natives  of  North  Carolina.  They 
lived  in  Tennessee  for  some  years,  where  Mr. 
( )wen  was  em])loyed  as  carpenter  and  cabinet- 
maker, and  from  there  moved  in  1838  to  Ma- 
coupin county,  Illinois.  In  Illinois  ho  continued 
wiM'k  at  his  trade  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-six  years.  He  and 
his  wife  were  the  jiarents  of  nine  children,  r.ll  of 
whom  lived  to  maturity,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  being  the  third    born. 

jM.  M.  Owen  was  educated  in  the  common 
scdiools  of  Tennessee,  and  early  in  life  began 
Work  at  the  carpenters'  tr.ado.  Indeed,  he  was 
so  young  when  he  began  working  at  that  trade, 
that  his  father  had  to  build  a  platform  for  him 
to  stand  on  while  working  at  the  bench.  Ho 
conHiiued  with  his  father  until  1845.  That  year 
he  was  united  in  marriage,  in  Macoujiin  enunty, 
to  Miss  I.ucinda  Penn.  After  four  brief  years 
of  married  life  she  died,  leaving  an  only  child. 
This  child,  Nancy,  died  and  was  buried  on  the 
plains  in  1852.  In  1850  .\[r.  Owen  married  his 
second  wife,  Misa  Sarah  Jane  Moreland,  sister 
ofJudgoJ.  C.  Moreland,  whose  biography  ap- 
pears in   this  history. 

In  1845  Mr.  Owen  began  farming,  and  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  the  spring 
of  1852.  wlien  with  his  family  snugly  arranged 
in  a  "  prairie  schooner,  "  drawn  by  four  yoke  of 
o.xen,  he  started  across  the  plains  for  Oregon. 


iiismnr  of  onuooff. 


ma 


Till!  iilt'iisiiro  of  this  otlu'rwico  iiiu'Vi'iifful  trip 
wiix  ninrrcd  liy  tlie  sickiu'sa  niul  (ientli  of  tlio 
litti(i  oliilil  iibovf  referred  to.  After  six  iiiDiitlis 
of  truvel  they  liinded  at  iMister's  iti  tlie  Williiiii- 
ettt^  viiiley,  (>(.'t()iii'r  -l,  IX^'-l,  liiiving  crooscd 
tlic  iiiDiintaiiiH  by  tiie  liiirlow  route.  IIo  tlieii 
lociitcd  it)  t!lii('.l<iiiiiii-i  eoiiiity,  on  'ii'2i)  acres  of 
luiid,  and  was  eiij^ai^ed  in  farmiii;^  and  work  at 
his  trade  until  l>i78.  That  year  he  moved  to 
East  I'ortlaiid,  where  lie  continued  work  at  his 
traile  and  also  en(;aiied  in  (•ontiactiiii' until  1890. 
Since  then  he  has  been   retired  from   active  lifti. 

^^r.  and  Mrs.  Owen  have  had  eight  ciiildren. 
ei.x  of  wiiom  are  liviiij;,  namely:  Andrew  .1.. 
Sus.in,  wife  f)f  Lafayette  Shirley,  of  Washington  ; 
Emma,  wife  of  E.  E.  F>ong,  Portland;  Ettle,  wife 
of  L.  P.  llosford;  William  M..  a  inerehant  of 
East  Portland;  and  Ava. 

In  politics  Mr.  Owen  began  as  a  Whig,  but 
has  since  been  a  Keiinblican  since  the  organiza- 
tion of  that  party,  though  never  entering  politi- 
cal life  except  during  his  service  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  in  (JIackamaa  county.  Ilia  life  has 
been  (i<(voted  to  his  businosA  and  his  family,  and 
ho  is  now  in  the  enjiyment  of  a  pleasant  home, 
with  his  dear  ones  settled  conveniently  near  him. 

■'■    ■  — ^^m^m^^ — 


I^OLOMON  IlICIlARDSwas  bom  at  Un- 
ion, Montgomery  county,  ( )hio,  Vugnst 
8,  1820.  The  father,  Jacob  Richards,  was 
born  and  educated  in  Germany,  where  lie  learned 
the  trade  of  millwright,  which  he  subsequently 
followed  in  Ohio,  lie  was  also  the  inventor  ot 
an  elevator  and  erected  the  lirst  one  in  Union, 
Ohio.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was  of  the 
Glasgow  family,  her  family  being  among  the 
early  settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  and  were  con- 
nected with  the  Revolutionary  ivar  and  other 
Indian  distui'bances. 

While  yet  an  infant  Solomon  was  left  an  or- 
plian  and  was  then  taken  by  his  grandfather, 
James  Glasgow,  a  farmer,  who  raised  him  to 
the  age  of  fifteen  years,  when  through  the  death 
of  Mr.  Glasgow  he  was  thrown  npon  his  own 
resources,  lie  then  followed  various  occupa- 
tions in  lifdiana  and  Illinois,  until  1842. 

He  was  married  in  1842,  in  Davis  comity, 
Iowa,  to  Sarah  Sannde,  and  then  settled,  engag- 
ing in  farming.  Through  the  death  of  his  wife, 
in  1844,  he  was  quite  broken  up  and  so  sold  his 
interests  and  went  to  St.   Louis.     On  the  tifth 


day  iif  May,  1840,  he  Joined  a  large  train  of  in- 
de|ierideiitH,  under  etHiitnatid  "f  ("apt.  duel 
i'aliner.  and  started  across  the  plains  for  Ore 
gon.  Stephen  Meek  was  jiilot  of' the  train  to 
fort  lidise,  and  tlicr(^  induced  a  porlinn  of  thi; 
comiiaiiy  to  follow  liini  \>\  a  shorter  cut.  but 
through  lack  of  knowleilge  of  that  part  <d'  the 
country,  the  party  were  lost  and  underwent 
much  sutTering  and  many  deaths.  Indignation 
was  so  great  that  Meek's  life  was  only  ^parcel 
by  his  escaping,  by  night,  but  "Meek's  Ciitolf" 
has  become  historic.  (  )iir  subject  followed  the  old 
trail  and  at  (iramle  Rmide,  as  food  was  getting 
short,  with  three  salmon  skins  for  his  support, 
he  struck  out  and  the  following  day  arrived  at 
the  camp  (d'  l)octor  Whitman,  at  I'matilla. 
After  a  few  days  of  rest  he  again  proceeded  on 
his  journey,  and.  via  Columbia  river,  in  an  In- 
dian canoe,  he  arrived  at  Vancouver,  ( )ctober  11. 
I84ij.  in  a  tattered  and  torn  condition,  with  but 
the  clothes  u|ion  his  back,  si.x  cents  in  his  po(^ket 
and  the  shoes  almost  gone  from  his  feet.  lie 
soon  loiind  occujiation  at  plowing,  wages  i[tl 
per  day,  to  be  paid  in  wheat,  whose  value 
was  SI  jier  bushel,  wheat  being  then  the 
legal  tender.  He  thus  procured  a  supply  of 
wheat  and  then  rented  a  ])iece  of  land  on  shares, 
tools  and  teams  to  be  furnished  and  thus  put  in 
his  first  crop,  thus  securing  his  first  start  in  life 
in  the  great  West.  In  the  spring  of  184()  he 
took  up  a  doiiai  ion  claim  of  l>4()  acres,  on  the 
present  site  of  Linnton.  The  land  was  heavily 
timbered,  but  by  degrees  he  cleared  out  about 
fifty  acres  for  small  farm  and  garden.  In  l''ebrii- 
ary,  184G,  he  subscribed  for  "The  Spectator,"' 
the  first  paper  published  in  Oregon.  It  was  a 
weekly,  ])ul)li8licd  in  Oregon  Oity  and  was  a 
single  folio,  about  ten  inches  scpiare,  subscrip- 
tion being  five  bushels  of  wheat  per  year.  This 
])aper  published  the  State  laws  anil  in  the  justice 
courts  was  the  only  text-biiok. 

In  1848  Mr.  Ilichards  was  married  to  Sarah 
Johnson  and  then  becan  extendinir  his  interests 
upon  the  ranch  liy  purcliasing  stock,  and  through 
the  starting  of  mills  he  was  able  to  dispose  of 
some  of  his  lumber.  In  1851  he  began  setting 
out  an  orchard  of  apples,  plums  and  peaches, 
])urchasing  trees  of  Mr.  Llewellyn,  the  pioneer 
nurseryman  of  the  State,  who  brought  his  trees 
acro.ss  the  plains. 

In  1854  his  second  wife  died,  and  two  years 
later  he  married  his  third  wife,  Margaret  (Moore) 
Tilford,  and  she  too  died,  in  1879.  lie  was 
again    married    January   4.    1882,   to  Rosenna 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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014 


HISTORY    OF   ORBOON. 


(Sliarr)  Kaiser,  o.  German  descent,  who  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  in  185'J,  and  witli  lier 
husband,  Andrew  ivaiser,  purcliased  150  acres 
of  land,  aJjoinin<f  Mr.  Richards'  property,  at 
Linnton,  which  land  she  still  letains.  Mrs.  Kai- 
ser had  three  children:  Jjanrence  S.,  Rose  C. 
and  William  F. 

Mr.  Richards  was  elected  Jnstice  of  tlio 
Peace  and  held  that  office  for  three  years  and 
then  declined  to  serve  any  fnrther.  Ilis  court 
was  based  npon  etjnity  and  many  cases  were 
settled  l)y  him  without  trial.  In  1857  he 
started  a  bnttor  dairy,  witli  twenty-three  cows. 
In  May,  1883,  he  purchased  improved  property 
on  the  corner  of  Fourteenth  and  Everett  streets, 
to  which  he  has  added  other  buildings  and  the 
family  now  reside  at  No.  509  E  street. 

Resulting  from  his  first  three  marriages  Mr. 
Richards  had  four  children,  namely:  George 
W. .Johanna,  wife  of  MarkCranda;  Commodore 
I*.;  and  Mahaly,  wife  of  R.  S.  Uavis.  Doctor  of 
Medicine  and  drn-rgist. 

Mr.  Ricliards  has  retired  from  active  business, 
being  somewhat  infirm,  but  is  still  engai^ed  in 
the  care  of  the  combined  properties  of  himself 
and  wife. 


fROF.  l^HENEZER  COOK,  proprietor  of 
Cook's  Musicjil  Institute  of  Portland,  is  a 
native  of  Genesee  county,  New  Vork, 
born  in  IS-t't.  I  lis  ancestors  settled  in  America 
early  i::  the  seventeenth  century,  and  on  his 
mother's  side  descended  in  a  direct  line  from 
(^doiiel  Warner  of  Revolutionary  fame.  The 
Pi'ofessor's  parents,  William  and  Mary  (Church- 
ill i  Cook,  were  natives  of  New  York  and  Ver- 
mcnt.  respectively,  his  father  being  an  architect 
by  ori)fe4sion.  Of  their  nine  childre'i,  Ebonezer 
is  tie  oldest,  and  is  one  of  (he  four  who  are 
still  living.  By  virtue  of  being  (he  oldest  he 
was  CTiven  the  name  of  Ebenezer,  which  name 
has  oescended  to  the  oldest  sons  of  the  family 
for  a  number  o*"  generations. 

He  received  his  elementary  education  at 
Rochestor  New  York.  With  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  in  IsOl,  iie  enlisted  at  Ber- 
gen, August  22,  as  Musician  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  New  York  Vol- 
unteers, which  ultimately  became  the  Eighth 
Heavy  Artillery.  He  was  connected  with  the 
regimental   band,  and   finally  with  the  brigade 


band  of  the  Secomi  Brigade,  Second  Division, 
Second  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
under  Generals  Hancock  and  Humphreys.  In 
the  time  of  action,  the  musicians  were  engaged 
on  tlie  field  with  stretchers  in  removing  the 
wounded,  and  were  freijuently  called  upon  for 
acts  of  bravery  in  the  discharge  of  duty.  At 
the  evacuation  of  Cold  llarlwr  the  band  was  not 
notified,  and  continued  its  music  until  ordered 
to  retreat,  which  order  was  not  given  until  the 
last  of  the  corps  was  well  under  way  to  the 
James  river.  Mr.  Cook  passed  through  many 
battles  and  skirmishes,  and  was  at  Appomatto.x 
at  the  final  surrender  in  1865.  Through  fa- 
tigue, caused  by  the  rapid  return  march  to 
Richmond,  he  contracted  a  fever  and  was  con- 
fined to  the  hospital  in  Washington  for  many 
weeks,  unable  to  take  part  in  tlie  grand  review, 
though  he  witnessed  it  from  a  distance,  and 
was  not  discharged  until  'some  time  after  the 
regiment  was  disbanded. 

After  his  discharge  Mr.  Cook  returned  to 
New  York  State.  He  taught  vocal  music,  hav- 
ing evening  classes,  and  in  this  way  was  en- 
abled to  pursue  his  academic  education  at  the 
State  Normal  School  at  Brockport,  where  he 
graduated  in  18^7.  His  natural  talent  for  music 
was  developed  through  private  instruction  and 
also  by  an  advanced  course  of  study  at  the 
Allegany  Academy  of  Music  and  in  i  e  city 
of  Baltimore.  In  1868  he  began  teaching 
music  tlirough  Ohio,  Iowa  and  Michigan,  and 
continued  thus  employed  until  1878.  That 
year  he  removed  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and 
opened  Cook's  Musical  Parlors,  for  vocal  and 
instrumental  instruction.  Through  his  long 
experience  in  teaching  and  thorougli  knowl- 
edge of  the  technique,  his  school  immediately 
sprang  into  successiul  prominence.  In  1883, 
with  increased  accommodations  in  the  Abing- 
ton  building,  and  improved  facilities,  the  name 
was  changed  to  Cook  s  Musical  Institute,  which 
has  continued  with  marked  success  and  popu- 
larity Professor  Cook  has  had  under  his  train- 
ing some  of  the  finest  performers  of  the  North- 
west. He  now  has  five  competent  assistants, 
his  musical  instruments  are  all  of  the  very  best 
manufacture,  and  his  institute  is  complete  in 
its  every  department.  • 

Professor  Cook  was  married  at  Leslie,  Mich- 
igan, in  1868,  to  Miss  C.  A.  Tyler,  a  lady  of 
culture  and  musical  education.  Their  only 
child.  Miss  May,  inherits  the  musical  talents  of 
her  parents,  which  iiave  been  cultivated    under 


lirSTOIiV    OF    OttEOON. 


615 


tlieir  caret'ul  superviVion,  and  bIib  has  developed 
into  a  pianJKte  of  remarkable  ability. 

The  Professor  is  aiiieniher  of  George  Wrijflit 
Post,  Vj.  A.  II.  Kleven  hours  each  diiy  he  gives 
to  iiistnietion,  and  therein  tinds  rest  and  rec- 
reatiun.  He  is,  indeed,  a  man  devoted  to  his 
profesBion. 

'    •       '^^^^ 

A.  FIJNN.  M.  D..  a  resident  of  Kast 
Portland,  is  one  of  tiie  prominent  phy- 
<»  sicians  of  this  city.  Of  his  life  the 
following  brief  record  is  made: 

Dr.  M.  A.  Plinii  was  born  'n  VVestchester 
connty.  New  York,  i.i  1841.  Ills  parents, 
natives  of  Ireland,  emijjrated  to  America  in 
1840.  They  located  in  Aul>nrn,  New  York, 
about  1843.  and  in  1858  moved  to  Dodge 
county,  AVisconHin.  Of  their  eight  children  tlie 
subject  (if  our  sketch  was  the  tirst  born.  His 
early  educational  advantages  were  good,  but 
after  they  moved  to  Wisconsin  he  attended 
school  very  little,  his  time  being  spetit  chiefly 
in  work  on  the  farm.  At  that  time  the  coun- 
try WHS  wild  and  unbroken.  They  cleared  up 
and  improved  eighty  acres  of  land  and  on  it 
raised  wheat  and  stock. 

In  1800  the  subject  of  our  sketch  began  the 
study  of  medicine,  studying  as  opportunity 
afforded.  In  1863  he  came  to  the  Picitic  coast, 
making  tlie  journey  via  the  Isthmneof  Panama, 
and  after  about  one  year  spent  in  the  vicinity  of 
Oakland  he  went  to  the  mines  of  Idaho.  Al- 
though meeting  with  fair  success  in  the  mines, 
the  business  seemed  to  him  too  uncertain,  so  he 
came  lo  eastern  Oregon  an<l  engaged  in  the 
stock  business.  In  1869  he  sold  out,  removed 
to  Salem,  and  resumed  the  study  of  medicine  in 
tiie  office  of  Drs.  Carpenter  &  Chase,  attend- 
ing lectures  at  the  Willamette  University.  In 
1871  he  was  appointed  resident  physician  at 
the  Warm  Springs  Indian  agency,  which  posi- 
tion he  lilled  six  months,  lli,  then  returned  to 
Salem,  attended  his  last  course  of  lectures,  and 
graduated  at  the  medical  department  of  Willam- 
ette University  in  1872.  lietnrning  to  the 
Indian  agency,  he  remained  until  1875,  when 
he  resigned  and  located  at  Vancouver,  Wash- 
ington, where  he  conducted  a  general  practice 
until  1877.  That  year  he  removed  to  (-Jorvais, 
Marion  county,  this  state,  where,  in  partner- 
tthip  with   Dr.  W.  A.  Custick,  be  had  a  large 


and  lucrative  j)rac.tice.  In  April,  1885,  Dr. 
Fliiin  came  to  East  Portland,  and  here  he  has 
since  been  prominently  identifled  with  the 
medical  profession.  With  the  organixalion  of 
the  medical  tiepartmeiit  of  the  University  of 
Oregon  in  1887,  Dr.  Flinn  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Physiology,  which  position  he  still 
occupies,  devoting  three  mornings  of  each  week 
to  lectures.  lie  has  taken  an  active  interest  in 
the  upbuilding  of  this  institution. 

Dr.  Flinn  was  married  at  the  Dalles  in  1871, 
to  Miss  Amanda  McOorkle,  a  native  of  Oregon 
and  a  daughter  of  William  jMcCorkle,  an  Oregon 

Jioneer  of  1852.  Her  grandfather,  Captain 
ohn  Smith,  was  aj)pointed  Indian  agent  by 
President  Lincoln  in  18(51,  and  served  up  to  tlie 
time  of  his  death  in  1882. 

Politically,  Dr.  Flinn  has  always  been  a 
Hepnblican.  He  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
in  1875,  and  at  (lervais  serveil  as  President  of 
of  the  (Jity  Council.  In  1877  he  became  im- 
pressed with  the  sure  prosjjerity  of  East  Port- 
land, and  purchased  property  in  that  locality, 
which    he    has    improved    and   which,    by     the 

frowth  of  the  city,  has  become  very  valuable, 
n  1876  Dr.  Flinii  joined  the  Oregon  State 
Medical  Society,  of  which  he  is  still  an  hon- 
ored member. 

^-^•^--- 

II  L  T  ON  W.  SMI  T  II.— Among  the 
younger  lawyers  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
who  have  attained  positions  of  trust  and 
responsibility,  we  find  the  gentleman  whose 
name  heads  this  sketch. 

Mr.  Smith  was  born  inAurora,  Marion  county, 
Oregon,  July  16,  1855.  His  father,  David 
Smith,  a  native  of  Ohio,  moved  to  La  Grange 
county,  Indiana,  in  boyhood,  and  upon  a  farm 
in  that  county  was  reared  to  habits  of  thrift  and 
industry.  With  the  emigration  of  1851  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  atid  located  a  do- 
nation claim  of  320  acres  in  Marion  county.  He 
was  subsequently  married  to  Miss  Ann  Maria 
White,  who  had  crossed  the  plains  from  La 
Grange  county,  Indiana,  to  Oregon  in  1852. 
They  lived  on  a  farm  near  Aurora  until  1856, 
when  they  sold  out  and  removed  to  Yam  Hill 
county,  near  La  Fayette,  and  continued  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  Later,  they  removed  to 
Forest  Grove,  where  they  now  reside.  They 
have  two  children,  Milton  W.  and  Henry  C,  the 


nr 


cm 


IlltiTORY    OF    OilEdOfi. 


latter  being  a  iiraeticing  jiliysiuiHii   at  Tacoiiia. 

Milton  W.  was  primarily  educated  at  La 
Fayette,  and  (.'oinpleted  his  classical  course  at 
the  University  of  the  I'aeitic  at  Forest  (-Jrovc, 
^railiiating  with  honor  in  .liine,  1878,  receivin<r 
the  degree  of  A.  15.  He  then  couiinenced  the 
study  of  law  in  the  othce  of  Judge  Matthew  I'. 
Deady,  Unitci I  States  District  tludgc,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  har  in  Marcli,  1881.  Immedi- 
ately eiiga<j;ing  in  n  general  practic,  his  progress 
has  ht'cn  rapid  and  successful. 

lie  was  married  in  Portland,  October  5,  1881, 
to  Miss  Alice  Sweek,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a 
daui;liter  of  John  and  Maria  Sweek,  pioneers  of 
1852  from  Missouri.  Air.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have 
two  children,  liuth  and  Josephine  Esther.  They 
reside  on  (Surrey  street,  between  'Kelly  and 
Hood  streets,  South  Portland,  where  he  has  just 
completed  a  handsome  and  substantial  home. 
He  has  other  large  interests  in  improved  and 
nniinproveil  business  and  residence  property. 

Mr.  Smith's  law  library  contains  hundreds  of 
volumes,  which  bear  evidence  of  his  deep  re- 
search a!nl  scudions  habits.  He  has  devoted 
much  iittention  to  corporation  law  and  land 
titles  and  has  thereby  attained  a  commendable 
reputation  among  financiers  and  money  loaners, 
Jiy  all  who  know  him  he  is  regarded  as  a  man 
of  sound  judgment,  strict  integrity,  and  more 
than  ordinary  ability. 


— ** 


^•P^ 


fB.  KELLOGG.— For  upward  of  twenty 
years,  Mr.  J.  R.  Kellogg  has  been  con- 
<*  nected  with  hotel  life  in  the  cityot"  Port- 
land. He  was  born  in  liichland  county,  Ohio, 
in  1820.  His  parents  Sylvanus  and  Isabelle 
(Long)  Kellogg  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
snb.><eqnently  settling  in  Ohio,  where  Mr.  Kel- 
logg engaged  in  the  farming  and  tanning  busi- 
ness. In  1837  he  removed  to  Steuben  county, 
Indiana,  where  he  built  the  first  tannery  in  that 
section  of  the  country,  and  there  conducted  aii 
CAtensive  business,  and  there  both  parents  were 
laid  in  their  tinal  resting  places.  They  had 
si.x  children,  four  of  whom  are  now  living. 

J.  IJ.  Kellogg  was  educated  at  Ontario  Col- 
lege in  Lagrange  county,  and  lived  with  his  par- 
ents until  ab(  lit  twenty-one  years  of  age,  en- 
gaging in  farm  duties,  or  assisting  his  father 
about  the  tannery.  In  the  spring  of  1850  he 
went  to  Elkhart.  Indiana,  and  engaged  in  team- 


ing. AikI  in  1852  he  crossed  the  plains.  He 
started  with  one  s|)ring  wagon  and  two  horses, 
and  three  ox  teams,  well  equip])cd  with  three 
cows  to  supply  milk  on  the  journey.  Si.\ 
months  were  consumed  in  crossing,  but  with 
plenty  of  provisions,  and  no  trouble  with  the 
Indiatis,  they  had  a  pleasant  trip,  and  landed  at 
the  Dalles.  There  rafts  were  built,  upon  which 
were  loaded  the  wagon,  women  and  children,  and 
the  cattle  were  driven  down  the  trail.  At  the 
Cascades  portage  was  made  and  thence  with 
"Jimmie"  Stephens  and  his  ferry-boat  they 
came  to  Portland,  where  they  lan(ie<1,  October 
22.  1852,  the  town  site  chietly  covered  with 
brush  and  timber.  They  then  proceeded  to 
Washington  county  and  proceeded  to  locate 
donation  claims,  while  subject  and  James  Ben- 
nett also  leased  a  sawmill  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber  business,  rough  lumber  selling  at  $25 
per  1,000  feet.  This  was  continned  about  three 
years,  when  Mr.  Kellogg  sold  his  interest  in  the 
mill,  bnt  still  resided  upon  the  farm,  whore  he 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  Spanish  saddle 
trees,  which  he  covered  with  rawhide.  In  this 
he  built  up  quite  an  extensive  trade.  He  also 
purchased  leather  from  Amos  King  and  started 
harness-making,  selling  his  iirst  harness  for  800. 
In  1867  he  sold  his  farm  and  settled  in  Port- 
land, in  the  dairy  business  until  1809,  when  lie 
purchased  a  large  residence  on  Madison  street, 
between  Front  and  F'irst  streets.  He  made 
some  additions  to  the  house  and  then  started  a 
hotel,  which  he  operated  until  1873,  then  in 
partnership  with  Squire  Ilisley,  and  they  opened 
a  hotel  on  the  corner  of  Parent  and  Morris 
streets,  and  jnstasthey  were  nicely  started  the 
great  lire  of  1873  swept  through  the  city  and 
destroyed  all  of  their  p'isseasions.  Cast  'lown, 
but  not  disheartened.  Mr.  Kellogg  immediately 
rented  a  three-story  building  on  the  corner  of 
Second  and  Alder  streets,  and  in  the  morning 
following  the  fire  he  was  furnishing  meals. 

In  18S2  Air.  Kellogg  opened  the  Merchants' 
Hotel,  on  the  corner  of  Thinl  and  D  streets, 
and  operated  that  for  three  years,  and  then  ro- 
turne<l  to  the  National  Hotel,  where  he  con- 
tinned  as  the  popular  host,  until  August  10, 
18fll,  then  selling  to  the  firm  composed  of  his 
son  Ernest,  and  I).  E.  Perley,  who  are  continu- 
ing the  business. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  the  spring  of 
1852,  to  Miss  Jane  Davies,  daughter  or  James 
Davies.  This  nnion  was  blessed  with  throe 
children:  Ida,  wife  of  J.  O.  Hawthorn,  of  As- 


I 


nrsTonr  of  oheoon. 


«n 


toria;  Ernest  E.;  and  Annie,  wife  of  11.  D. 
Lonif,  of  Fresno,  California.  Mr.  Kcllogif  ia 
the  only  snrvivin^  charter  meinlmr  of  the  Sa- 
inaritan  Lodge,  No.  2.  I.  O.  ().  F.,  and  is  a 
niemiier  of  the  Ellison  Encampment,  also  K. 
of  1*.  lie  owns  valuable  proptM'ty  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Fifth  and  Market  streets,  and  also  at 
Fonrteenth  and  N  streets,  East  Portland,  where 
he  resides,  lie  is  a  Repuhlican  in  politics,  and 
has  served  one  term  as  a  tnemlier  of  the  Com- 
mon Council.  In  1801  he  was  elected  Assessor 
of  Washinj^ton  county  two  years,  then  acted  as 
Deputy  Sheriff  for  two  years  longer.  lie  is 
genial  in  his  relations  with  mankind,  and  en- 
joys the  respect  of  a  largo  circle  of  ac(jiiaint- 
ances. 


•^ON.  LANSING  STOUT,  deceased,  was 
born  in  Watertown,.reiferson  county.  New 
York,  March  27,  1828.  Endowed  with  a 
legid  mind,  he  entered  upon  the  stndy  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Hon.  Ira  Harris,  of  Albany,  New 
York,  lie  emigrated  to  California  in  1852,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1855  was  elected  Assemblyman 
from  Placer  county,  to  the  State  Legislature. 
He  was  among  the  youngest  members,  and  it 
was  his  tirst  appearance  in  a  large  delibera- 
tive assenibly.  but  he  favoral)ly  impressed  all 
with  wliom  he  was  brought  into  legislative  com- 
niiinication  by  his  courteous  manner,  manly 
conduct  and  tiie  inflexible  resolution  with  which 
he  adhered  to  party  jr  principle,  as  well  as  by 
the  ripeness  of  iiis  judgement.  He  served  his 
term  with  credit  to  himself  and  his  constituency. 
In  the  spring  of  1857,  he  came  to  Oregon  and 
located  permanently  at  Portland.  He  soon 
formed  a  law  partner8hi|)  with  Colonel  William 
II.  Farrar,  the  United  States  Attorney  for  the 
Territory.  His  pleasing  address  and  the  ability 
lie  displayed  in  his  profession  soon  won  forhi(n 
valuable  friends  and  a  lucrative  practice.  At 
the  tirst  election  under  the  State  Constitution 
he  was  elected  County  Judge  of  Multnoinali 
county,  upon  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  his 
popularity  was  evinced  by  his  handsome  ma- 
jority, while  the  rest  of  the  ticket  was  defeated. 
At  the  first  Deuiocratic  State  Convention  fol- 
lowing the  admission  of  Oregon  into  the  Union 
Judge  Stout  was  nominated  as  the  candidate  for 
Congress,  and  was  subseinumtly  elected  and 
Bcrved    bis    term  of    two  years   with  marked 


ability.  Among  the  inijwrtant  meat<ures  to  his 
own  State,  of  which  he  was  the  acknowledged 
champion  in  the  House,  weie  the  daily  overland 
mail  between  Sacramento  and  i'ortland.  and  the 
j)8yment  of  the  Oregon  and  Washington  Terri- 
tory Indian  war  ilebt.  Ho  was  a  member  of  the 
memorable  committee  of  one  from  each  State 
on  the  occasion  of  the  secession  of  the  tirst 
seven  Southern  States  which  withdrew  their  re- 
presentation in  Congress,  and  in  other  impor- 
tant measures  peculiar  to  that  eventful  period 
he  was  selected  to  bear  part. 

He  was  married  at  Lconardtown,  Maryland, 
in  18(51,  to  Miss  Susan  Plowden  (now  the  wife 
of  llaleigh  Stott,  Esq.,  ex-Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  Portland)  and  returned  to  I'ortland  in 
18(53,  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. 

In  1868  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
and  his  sagacity  and  superior  management  were 
potent  factors  in  the  Democratic  successes  of 
that  year.  During  the  closing  days  of  the  Sen- 
ate he  contracted  the  disease,  whicii  ultimately 
resulted  in  his  death  March  4,  1871.  Uy  his 
death  Portland  lost  one  of  her  foremost  citizens 
and  Oregon  one  of  her  ablest  public  men.  As 
a  lawyer  he  maintained  high  rank  among  the 
soundest  counselors  and  most  eminent  barristers 
in  the  State.  His  eldest  son,  Lansing  Stout,  is 
Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court  at  Portland, 
and  his  second  son,  George  C.  Stout,  is  a  rising 
young  lawyer,  and  an  active  worker  in  the  in- 
terest of  the  Democratic  party. 

RS.  SAMUEL  A.  &  ELLIS  C.  BUOWN, 
medical  practitioners  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
wei"  'lorn  i;i  ivenosha  county,  Wisconsin, 
in  1852  Kiiu  1853,  resjKJCtively, 

Samuel  13rown,  their  father,  a  son  of  George 
Prown.  of  Shipley,  near  Huddersfield,  York- 
shire, England,  emigrated  to  America  in  1848, 
and  was  among  the  early  settlers  of  Wisconsin. 
He  engaged  in  farming  there  until  1855.  In 
1851  he  was  married  to  Miss  Hannah  Ellis, 
daughter  of  James  Ellis  of  Shipley,  England, 
and  in  1855  they  removed  toCerroGordo  county, 
Iowa,  where  they  pre-empted  land  and  lived  on 
a  farm  until  18(39.  In  tliat  year  they  came  to 
On^gon,  settled  in  Clackamas  county,  one  mile 
cast  of  New  Era,  and  still  reside  at  that  place, 
engaged  in  farming  and  stuuk-ruising.     (>f  the 


if 


SM 


iiisTour  OF  (mF.aoN. 


% 


eight  children  bom  to  them,  seven  are  still  liv- 
ing: Samuel  A.  and  Ellis  C.  being  the  two  old- 
est. The  others  are  William  W.,  liobert  J., 
George  II., Mary  K.,  Sarah  .1.  and  liachaul  Hrown. 

Samuel  A.  and  EUiij  C.  were  educated  in  the 
same  institutionB,  tirst  in  the  common  schools 
of  lowu  and  Oreffon.  They  then  spent  three 
years  in  the  Oregon  City  Seminary  at  Oregon 
City,  after  which  they  entered  the  normal  school 
at  San  Jose,  California,  where  they  graduated 
in  1877.  In  1880  they  graduated  in  the 
homeopathic  medical  department  at  Ann  Ar- 
bor, Michigan.  Dr.  S.  A.  Brown  then  returned 
to  Portland  and  commenced  practice,  while  his 
brother  went  to  New  York  city  and  took  special 
courses  on  the  eye,  ear  and  throat,  according  to 
homeopathic  and  allopathic  treatment,  and 
graduated  at  both  the  JS'ew  York  Ophthalmic 
llospita!  and  the  New  Y'ork  Opthalinic  and 
Aural  Institute.  He  then  located  at  Canton, 
Ohio,  and  coinujenced  practice,  engaging  only 
in  tha  treatment  of  eye,  oar  and  throat.  In  the 
spring  of  1883  he  returned  to  Portland,  since 
which  time  the  brothers  have  have  been  con- 
ducting a  successful  and  lucrative  practice  to- 
gether, with  the  e.xcepiiou  of  the  time  spent 
abroad  liy  Dr.  S.  A.  Brown.  In  1891  ho  visited 
New  York  and  extended  his  trip  to  Europe  and 
to  the  leading  representative  medical  institutions 
of  London  and  Edinburg,  and  by  special  study 
gathered  such  advanced  ideas  of  disease  and  its 
treatment  as  taught  in  their  medical  colleges. 

The  brothers  are  both  members  of  the  State 
and  County  Homeopathic  Medical  Society,  and 
hold  positions  of  prominence  among  the  medi- 
cal profession  of  the  city  and  State. 

Dr.  S.  A.  Brown  was  married  in  Portland. 
Deeeml)er  1,  1890,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  t^ook, 
daughter  of  George  C.  Cook,  of  Mount  Tabor. 

t(MiIlIS  R.  COX,  D.  D.  S.,  is  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Oregon,  horn  near  Salem, 
Marion  county,  in  1855.  His  paternal 
gramifather.  Thomas  Cox,  was  numbered  among 
the  pioneers  of  1847.  He  was  a  merciiant  at 
Wilmington,  Illinois,  and  being  unable  to  dis- 
pose of  his  stock  without  great  sacrifice,  he  de- 
termined to  transport  the  goods  across  the 
plains.  The  train  was  composed  of  twenty- 
eight  wagons,  each  drawn  by  four  yoke  of  oxen, 
and  the  freight  was  valued  at  $7,500.     This  was 


the  largest  and  best  equipped  train  that  ever  left 
Illinois  on  the  long  and  weary  journey  to  the 
I'acitic  coast.  At  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  the 
caravan  was  increased  to  forty  wagons,  with  a 
largo  number  of  horses,  cattle  and  sheen.  The 
trip  was  made  without  serious  trouble  iroin  the 
Indians,  or  great  loss  of  live  stock  until  reach- 
ing the  Cascade  range  of  mountains,  when  they 
encountered  a  driving  rain-storm,  accompanied 
by  sleet  ah  ^  snow;  the  cattle  were  greatly  re- 
duced i(^  tiesli  and  strength,  and  so  succumbed 
to  ilie  S'lverity  of  the  storm,  the  loss  being  very 
serious.  The  mountain  trails  were  made  so 
ditticult  that  the  goods  were  left,  and  afterward 
carried  to  the  end  of  their  destination  by  In- 
dian ponies.  The  company  arrived  at  Salem, 
October  16,  1847,  eight  months  and  sixteen 
days  from  the  date  of  leaving  Wilmington, 
Illinois. 

Mr.  ('ox  immediately  opened  a  store  in  Salem, 
which  was  the  piouet*r  mercantile  establishment 
of  the  place.  His  son  William  ei;gaged  in 
trade  with  him,  and  they  replenished  their  stock 
from  San  PVancisco,  three  months  being  con- 
sumed in  making  the  round  trip. 

In  1849  William  Cox  was  married  to  Miss 
Adeline  V.  Saucier,  a  lady  ot  French  descent, 
who  came  to  Oregon,  in  1847,  with  her  mother 
and  stepfather,  Mr.  Crump;  Mr.  (Jrump  was 
the  first  postmaster  of  Salem.  Mr.  Cox  de- 
voted himself  to  his  mercantile  interests  un- 
til 1853,  when  he  turnetl  his  attention  to 
farming,  and  settled  on  a  tract  of  320  acres  in 
the  Santiam  bottom.  He  was  a  very  success- 
ful horticulturist,  and  propagated  the  Cox  cling- 
stone peach,  one  of  the  leadinff  varieties  of  the 
State.  On  account  of  increaseil  supply  and 
lack  of  market,  in  1859,  Mr.  Cox  started  the 
pioneer  distillery  for  the  manufacture  of  peach 
brandy.  He  sold  his  ranch  in  1861.  and  re- 
moved to  Walla  Walla,  taking  with  him  a  band 
of  cattle;  he  engaged  in  the  live-stock  trade, 
which  he  continued  until  his  death,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1865.  He  left  a  widow  and  six  children. 
As  there  were  no  good  schools  at  W^alla  Walla, 
Mrs.  Cox  removeil  with  her  family  to  Salem, 
and  there  she  still  resides.  Norris  R.  Cox,  the 
fourth  of  the  family,  attended  the  Willamette 
University  until  the  spring  of  1878,  when  he 
came  to  Portland,  and  began  the  study  of  den- 
tistry, with  Dr.  J.  G.  Glenn,  a  pioneer  of  1852, 
who  located  at  Portland,  soon  after  his  arrival, 
and  then  travele<l  between  Albany  and  Victoria, 
B.  C,  in  the  practice  of  his  profession;  when 


IllSTOnr    OF   OliKOON. 


619 


tlie  ])opnlatioii  of  Portland  had  j^roxvii  to  siifti- 
cieiit  proportions,  J)r.  Glenn  f^ave  up  traveliii<;. 
Dr.  Cox  remained  witii  Dr.  (Jlenn  until  1SS3, 
and  tlien  took  a  course  of  ieutures  at  the  I'liila- 
delpliia  Dental  College,  from  wliicli  lie  was 
graduated  with  honor  in  1884,  receiving  tlie 
degree  of  D.  I).  S.  He  then  came  hack  to 
Portliind,  and  the  firm  of  Glenn  &  Cox  was 
formed,  continuing  until  the  death  of  Dr. 
Glenn. 

Dr.  Cox  was  married  at  Portland  October  22, 
1880,  to  Miss  Lillie  B.  (ilenn,  a  native  of  Port- 
land, and  the  only  child  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Glenn. 
Two  children  have  been  born  of  this  union, 
only  one  survivinj;,  a  son  named  Walter.  The 
Dflctor  is  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  and  belongs  to  Willamette  Lodge,  No. 
2,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  Outside  of  ottice  hours  he 
has  given  considerable  attention  to  real  estate, 
and  has  invested  quite  extensively  about  Van- 
couver and  Centralia,  Washington;  he  is  one  of 
the  leading  stockholders  of  the  Centralia  rail- 
road. 


[AMES  LAIDLAW,  British  Vice-Consul  at 
the  port  of  Portland,  was  born  in  Fisher- 
ton,  Aryshire,  Scotland,  January  23,  1847. 
His  father,  James  Laidlaw,  was  born  near 
Annan,  where  his  ancestors  had  resided  for 
many  generations,  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits. Mr.  Laidlaw,  Sr.,  was  educated  as  a 
minister  of  the  established  church  of  Scotland, 
and  while  preaching  at  Newcastle  parish,  Cum- 
berland, he  met  and  married  Miss  Hannah, 
Goodfellow,  a  native  of  that  locality.  They  re- 
moved to  Fisherton,  and  subsequently  to  Wan- 
lockhead,  Dumfries-shire,  where  he  was  minis- 
ter for  forty  years.  At  that  place  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  received  the  greater  part  of  his 
education. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  years  he  entered  the 
employ  of  Cross,  Wedderspoon  &  Co.,  foreign 
merchants  of  Glasgow,  and  with  them  retnained 
until  1867,  when  he  went  to  Valparaiso,  Chili, 
and  entered  the  house  of  Cross  &  Co.,  in  charge 
of  the  foreign  shipping  department,  continuing 
until  the  fall  of  1871.  He  then  came  to  Ore- 
gon and  located  at  Portland,  and  soon  after  hie 
arrival  here  established  the  house  of  James 
Laidlow  &Co.  in  the  foreign  shipping  and  com- 
mission   business,   and   continued    under   that 


name  until  November  1,  1872,  when  H.  .f.  (tate 
was  admitted,  and  the  tirin  became  known  as 
Laidlaw  &  (iate.  February  18,  1874,  Mr.  Gate 
retired,  and  the  firm  was  again  changed  to 
James  Laidlaw  &  VjO.,  under  which  name  it  is 
still  doing  business.  - 

In  1874  Mr.  Laidlaw  was  appointed  Britinli 
Vife-(3on8ul,  and  still  holds  that  important 
otiice.  In  1874  there  were  seventy-three  I'rit- 
ish  vessels  entered  the  port  of  Portland,  with  a 
register  of  38,235  tons.  The  cash  value  of  ex- 
ports of  wheat  and  flour  amounted  to  §3,591,- 
31();  imports.  *491,3tt9.  In  1891  153  British 
ships  entered  the  port,  of  155,625  tons  of  rei;is- 
ter;  exports  in  wheat  and  flour,  §6, 218, 525; 
imports,  $972,012. 

Mr.  Laidlaw  was  married  July  21,  1875,  to 
Miss  Louise  Carpenter,  daughter  of  Dr.  Hugh 
Smith  Carpenter,  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  by 
i  whom  he  had  two  sons,  James  Ernest  and  Hugh 
!  Alexander.  Mrs.  Laidlaw  died  August  21, 
1886.  November  5,  1890,  he  was  married  at 
Portland  to  Miss  Charlotte  C.  Stout,  oldest 
daughter  of  Hon.  Lansing  Stout,  deceased,  a 
biography  of  whom  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
work. 

Mr.  Laidlow  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
manager  o'f  the  Columbia  Canning  Company. 
He  was  one  of  founders  of  the  British  Benevol- 
ent Society,  and  for  many  years  its  honored 
president.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  since  its  inception  as 
originally  organized,  and  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
development  of  Portland  and  the  Stale  of 
Oregon. 


^W^ 


fH.  PORTE-R,  Captain  of  Company  C, 
First  Regiment,  O.  N.  G.,  is  a  native  of 
»  Wexford,  Ireland,  born  in  February,  1870. 
lie  was  educatetl  in  the  private  schools  of  the 
town  of  Wexford,  and  was  afterward  apprenticed 
to  the  trade  of  watchmaking  with  a  prominent 
manufacturer.  In  1884  he  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  with  his  parents,  and  after  spend- 
ing one  year  in  Chicago,  they  came  to  Portland 
for  pertnanent  settlement.  Captain  Porter  was 
then  employed  by  A.  Feldenheimer  for  a  year, 
and  at  the  end  of  that  time  accepted  a  respon- 
sible position  with  L.  C.  Honricnsen,  the  lead- 
ing jeweler  of  Portland. 


620 


msroHY  OF  oimnoN. 


Tli«  military  odiicatioii  of  tiio  Captain  was 

iic(liiire(i  in  Compiuiy  (",  First  liofrjineiit,  ().  N. 
(i.  Tliis  cuiiMiRiiy  WHS  recruited  hy  M.  CI. 
iiiittertielti  to  tlii>  imintier  of  forty-tlirce  men, 
unci  with  tlic  or^iinizatiun  litid  swearing  in  of 
the  eonijmny  liy  Coloni'l  I'l'ube,  Sontcnibi-r  17, 
188S,  ^fr.  "I'lit'ttTlield  was  elt-cted  tli(*  First 
Captain;  Mr.  .Mi-lvay,  First  Licntenant,  and  .Mr. 
("liase,  Second  IJeutuinint.  Through  tlm  resig- 
nation of  Messrs.  McKay  and  ('base,  in  18!K), 
IJ.  C.  Towne  was  elected  First  Lieutenant,  and 
Serifcant  Castro,  Second  Lieuteiumt.  In  A|)ril, 
18iJl,  Lieutenant  Towne  resif^ned,  and  Second 
Lieutenant  Castro  was  elected  First  Lieutenant, 
while  Mi:  I'orter  was  promoted  from  Sergeant 
to  Second  Lieutenant. 

With  tile  expiration  of  a  term  of  three  years, 
September  17,  IS'Jl,  Captain  HutterKehl  sent  in 
his  resiiriiation;  at  a  subsequent  meetinj»  Second 
Lieutenant  I'orter  was  elected  (Captain  of  the 
company,  and  Lieutenant  Castro  resiiriiiuff  in 
Novemi)cr,  18'Jl.  The  |)reseiit  First  Serj^eant, 
F.  L.  lieniniiiigton,  has  had  an  experience  since 
the  orcrani/.ation  of  the  company,  and  is  a  valued 
member  of  tiie  orijanization. 

Many  chaufjes  have  come  to  this  company 
among  the  otficers  and  tile,  but  five  of  the 
original  members  remaining  in  line.  The  forty- 
nine  men  which  are  still  upon  the  roll  testify  to 
the  active  interest  in  maintaining  ti>e  standard 
of  the  company;  and,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  this  ia  almost  the  youngest  company  in 
I'ortland  (Company  11  havincr  been  since  organ- 
ize<l).  it  is  in  no  sense  lacking  in  etlieiency  of 
drill.  The  company  being  without  a  first  and 
scconil  lieutenant,  the  vacancies  were  tilled  by 
an  election  lield  in  January.  Captain  Porter  is 
a  wise  disciplinarian,  and  through  his  energy 
and  zeal  the  company  is  being  brought  to  the 
highest  mark  of  military  e.xcellence. 


fUSTFS  F.  KUUMBEIN,  one  of  the  prom- 
inent and  highly  respected  uiti/.ens  of 
Fortland,  has  for  more  than  twenty  years 
been  engaged  in  architectural  work  in  this  city. 
Mr.  Krumbein  was  born  near  Hamburg,  Ger- 
nniny,  in  1847.  where  for  generations  his  an- 
cestors had  resided,  following  the  occupation  of 
foresters  to  the  Danish  Government.  The  eil- 
ucation  of  our  suliject  was  received  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  town.     At  the  age  of  fifteen  ho 


began  learning  the  trade  of  carpenter,  whicii 
trade  he  followed  during  the  summer  months,  in 
the  chief  cities  of  (lernnmy,  France  and  Switz- 
erland, the  winter  mouths  being  passed  at  the 
I'olytechnic  School,  at  Hanover,  where  he  stud- 
ied architecture  in  all  its  several  branches. 
After  five  years  of  faithful  study,  he  graduated 
in  18(i7,  receiving  high  lionors.  He  then  worked 
as  draughtsman  in  the  leading  architectural 
offices  of  Hamburg,  until  18()'J,  when,  with  the 
growing  belief  that  America  offered  a  broader 
field  for  his  ability,  lie  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
try, coming  direct  to  San  Francisco,  where  he 
arrived  July  9,  1809,  without  a  friend  or  ac- 
quaintance. His  skill  soon  procured  him  a  sit- 
uation, and  he  worked  for  the  leading  architects 
there  until  the  fall  of  1871.  Tiiat  year  he  came 
to  Portlantl,  tliere  being  no  skilled  architects 
here,  and  for  a  short  time  was  associated  in 
business  with  K.  Burton,  a  contractor  and 
builder.  In  1872  the  firm  of  Ivrumbein  &  Gil- 
bert was  established,  and  otHces  openeil  for  gen- 
eral architectural  work,  Mr.  (iilbert  being  chiefly 
experienced  as  a  draiightsinan.  The  first  con- 
tract of  importance  upon  which  Mr.  Krumbein 
figured,  was  the  State  (Capitol,  at  Saletn.  in  1873, 
when,  in  competition  with  San  Francisco  and 
Eastern  architects,  his  design  was  accepted,  and 
for  two  years  he  was  engaged  as  sn[)orinteiident 
of  construction.  In  1874  the  above  firm  dis- 
solved. Mr.  Kvuml)ein  then  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Warren  W.  Williams,  a  skilled 
architect  from  San  Francisco,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  1878.  Since  tliat  date  he  has  been 
alone.  In  1878  Mr.  Krumbein  designed  the 
old  Mechanic's  Fair  pavilion  and  Turner  Ilall, 
.  which  were  among  the  first  prominent  buildings 
of  the  city,  and  among  the  spacious  and  elegant 
residences  he  designed  soon  afterward,  were 
those  of  Captain  Flanders  and  Dr.  Wilson. 
Among  the  representative  business  houses  de- 
signed by  him  we  mention  the  Kamm,  Arcade, 
Mulkey  ami  Dodd  blocks,  etc.  He  also  did  a  large 
amount  of  work  for  W.  S.  Laild,  Governor  I'en- 
noyor,  L.  White,  K.  Corbett,  Henry  AVeinhart, 
and  other  citizens  of  wealth  and  prominence. 
St.  Mary's  Home,  at  Beaverton,  and  the  college 
buildings  at  McMinnville,  were  of  his  plans  and 
superintendence.  His  drawing  of  the  St.  Vin- 
cent Hospital,  460  feet  frontage,  and  contaiti- 
ing  six  stories,  costing  $250,000,  were  accepted 
in  competition  with  the  representative  archi- 
tects of  San  Francisco,  Chicago  anil  Boston. 
Mr.  Krumbein  was  married  in  Portland,  in 


IIIHTOHY    OF    OHEOON 


631 


1883,  to  Miss  OHssio  Gautonbuin,  a  native  of 
Biiltiitiore.  Tlioy  luivn  twd  oliildrun,  Ilc^'liort 
and  Waldo.  Tiie  Tainiiy  rusidtMin  the  coi'iiorof 
E  and  I''il'teontii  ntrouts,  wiierc  Mr.  iCi'iiinl)niii 
erected  a  imiidsoine  liouic  in  18M3. 

lie  irt  now  encfa)^oi|  in  the  wori<  of  coinpletin}; 
tliedoinoof  tlie  State  (Japitol.  Tiiis  dome  ih  sixty 
feet  square  at  the  root'  of  the  iniildini;,  and  risen 
100  feet.  It  is  built  of  steul  and  copper,  and 
has  nnineroiis  windows.  Willi  the  rapid  devel- 
opment of  Portland,  Mr.  Krumbeiii  liaK.  kept 
steadily  abreast,  and  still  stands  in  the  front  ranks 
of  his  profession. 


-ktJ^ 


>»•*>- 


fLARK  HAY  was  born  in  Springdale, 
Ilamilton  county,  Ohio,  March  10,  1H17. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  who 
emigrated  to  America  about  1800  and  setthid 
in  New  .Jersey,  where  be  learned  the  trade  of 
shoemaker,  and  in  1800,  with  a  horse  team  he 
drove  to  Cinciiipati,  Ohio,  and  there  settled  and 
engaged  in  his  trade.  He  was  married,  in  1811. 
to  Miss  liachel  Woodrou^jb,  a  native  of  Ohio. 
Her  ancestry  emigrated  from  Holland  to  New 
England,  with  the  Puritans,  and  were  active 
participants  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  After 
ntiarriaj^e  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hay  settled  in  Spring- 
dale,  wbere  be  continued  bis  trade,  and  also  en- 
gaged in  farming,  which  be  continued  until  his 
death. 

Clark  Hay  was  bound  out  at  the  age  of  eleven 
years  and  learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith,  serv- 
ing his  time  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of 
age.  He  tlien  started  a  shop  in  Springdale  and 
continued  it  with  marked  success.  In  1853  he 
sold  his  interests  in  Springdale  and  traveled  to 
Iowa  Point,  Missouri,  by  steamboat,  and  thence, 
by  ox  teams  across  the  phiins  to  the  Dalles,  by 
which  river  and  the  Columbia  they  reached 
Portland.  The  train  numiiered  seventy  wagons 
and  175  people,  Mr.  Hay  serving  as  captain  of 
the  company.  They  suffered  no  unusual  hard- 
ships rttid  svrived  at  their  destination,  Portland, 
(Jctober  17,  1853,  after  nearly  seven  m  )nth8  of 
travel. 

Mr.  Hay  followed  his  trade  as  journeyman 
for  one  year,  and  then  opened  a  shop,  which  he 
continued  nntil  1880,  when  through  a  serious 
accident  he  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  busi- 
ness. Recovering  his  health  he  worked  up  the 
principles  of  the  Washington  Co-operative  Life 

88 


Insurance  Association,  which  was  inc^orporatod, 
April  t),  1883,  and  he  was  ohicted  treasurer  mid 
manager.  The  cumiiany  have  access  to  every 
State  for  their  business,  with  heail  office  at  No. 
20oA  Second  street,  Portland,  hi  1^51  Mr. 
Hay  inventCKl  the  screw  on  glass  and  filed  ills 
caviat,  but  through  the  excitement  of  coming 
to  Oregon  he  lost  claim,  and  it  reverted  to  other 
hands  and  became  extensively  used. 

Mr.  Hay's  political  life  began  as  a  Whig, 
and  his  first  ])resi(|ential  vote  was  cast  for  Will 
iam  Henry  Harrison  in  ISlO.  With  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Republican  party  lie  joine(l  the 
ranks,  and  has  continued  an  advocate  of  Repuli- 
lican  principles.  He  is  a  consistent  believer  in 
the  ])rinciples  of  temperance,  bis  first  pledge 
having  been  given  to  bis  nidtber,  seventy  years 
ago.  to  which  he  has  faithfully  adhered,  and, 
tlie  ruling  injunctions  of  that  mother's  love 
developed  characteristics,  which  have  been  rul- 
ing influences  down  the  journey  of  life. 


#H*^^^ 


K.  HUNSAivER  descends  from  essen- 
tially pioneer  stock,  who  emigrated  from 
*  Switzerland  to  the  United  States  in  1720, 
settling  in  I'ennsylvania,  and  since  that  day 
Inive  been  in  the  front  rank  of  emigration,  until 
they  rortcbed  the  Pacific  coast  in  18-18.  Daniel 
Ilnnsaker,  the  father  of  onr  subject,  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1803.  and  inheriting  the  migra- 
tory proclivities  of  bis  ancestors,  be  removed  to 
Illinois,  locating  upon  the  present  site  of  Quincy. 
He  traded  bis  claim  for  a  pair  of  ponies,  with 
which  he  continued  bis  journeyings.  In  'ili- 
nois  he  was  one  of  the  volnnteers  of  that  State 
wlio  served  during  tlie  Black  Hawk  war.  He 
was  married  in  Illinois,  to  Miss  Charlotte  M. 
King,  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  and  together 
they  journeyed  westward,  settling  in  Missouri, 
where  he  followed  an  agricultural  life  until 
April,  1848,  when  he  decided  to  cross  the  plains 
to  California,  to  join  his  son,  Nicholas,  who  bad 
preceded  him  in  1847.  His  outfit  was  com- 
posed of  four  wagons,  sixteen  yokes  of  oxen, 
and  125  head  of  loose  cattle.  His  wife  and 
three  children  made  that  long  journey  witli 
him.  They  journeyed  witli  Captain  Wambo's 
Oregon  company  to  Fort  Hall,  and  then  took 
the  California  trail.  The  country  was  infested 
with  Indians,  not  very  hostile,  but  ever  watch- 
ful for  an  opportunity  to  steal  the  animals,  and 


TT 


OiS 


Bl  STORY    OF    OH  MOON. 


il  wiiK  only  tiy  lli»'  uIiikpi*!  vij/ilmici!  tliiit  tlicy 
wtTi^  pii'Hcrvfd.  Tin-  ^tl•lllill);  iitid  li«r(li-lii[in  of 
tnivi'l  rt-iliic-('(l  tlii'ir  stuck  t<>  itiicli  iiii  <>\tt'iit  lliiit 
wlii'ii  tli«y  roiiclii'tl  llciiiciii,  ('iilitiiriiiii,  lliuir 
oiittit  was  ix'tliici'il  to  two  wiijfciiH,  willi  l)ut  two 
yoki'i*  III  oxi'li,  anil  coWi*  Httiu'lit'il  to  eiu-li  wagon, 
and  a  few  licad  of  loose  cattli'.  I'abtiinj;  tlic 
winter  in  I'l'iiii'ia.  wliiidi  wan  (•onlp(>^'e<i  of  tin; 
fainilicx  of  l)r.  Simple,  Major  (iosper,  Ilunca- 
kiT  and  Tn.'-tin,  in  tlie  npriTij;  of  1849  tliey 
iirosaed  the  Ktraitrt  to  (lontra  (,'o»tft  county,  Cali- 
lornia,  and  (Ku-iipied  tlie  olil  ferry  house,  and 
hegan  euttino  redwood  and  splitting;  out  Inin- 
l«r.  with  which  tliey  linilt  the  first  house  in 
Martinez,  they  lieini;  the  first  white  family  in 
the  settlement.  Mr.  Ilunsaker  hel|)ed  organize 
the  county,  and  was  the  first  (,'ounty  Treasurer 
under  the  Territorial  government.  In  1850  he 
purchased  1, ()()()  acres  of  land  iienr  Oakiaud, 
which  he  occupied,  engajjed  in  fanning  and 
stock-raising,  hringing  this  farm  to  a  fine  state 
of  cultivation.  Under  the  unjust  law  defend- 
ing floating  claims,  his  property  was  claimed 
and  he  was  c()m|K;lled  to  aliandon  the  product 
of  his  eighteen  years"  lalior.  He  then  removed 
to  Tulare  county  in  1868,  and  settled  upon  IfiO 
acres  near  Woodland,  where  he  still  resides, 
n^ed  eighty-nine,  with  his  faithful  wife,  the 
I  artner  of  his  joys  and  sorrows,  aged  eighty-five 
years.  To  this  union  were  added  four  cliildreii, 
three  of  whom  survive:  Nicholas,  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising  in  Arizoini;  .lose|)h, 
living  with  his  father;  and  11.  K.,  the  suhject 
of  this  sketch.  Jnn)es  (J.  was  lost  in  the  fatal 
wreck  of  the  lirother  Jonathan,  in  1864. 

II.  K.  Ilunsaker  was  horn  in  Missouri,  in 
1838.  lie  accompanied  his  father  and  family 
across  the  plains,  ami  remained  with  them  on 
the  ranch,  engaged  in  farm  work,  emhrncing 
such  primitive  educational  advantages  as  were 
oU'ered  him.  In  1855  he  engaged  in  mining 
upon  the  Merced  river,  with  no  great  gains.  In 
1858  he  WHS  sent  to  tlie  McMinnvilh'  College. 
Vam  Ilill  county,  Oregon,  which  was  then  con- 
ducted liy  President  Chandler,  where  were  edu- 
cated some  of  the  most  j)roniinent  men  of  the 
State.  In  1861  he  returned  to  (Jalifornia  and 
engaged  in  school-teaching  in  Contra  Costa 
county.  In  186!)  he  was  appointed  Under 
Sheriff  hy  Warren  Hrown,  and  hy  liis  successor, 
M.  B.  Ivory,  remaining  in  that  position  until 
the  spring  of  1873,  when  he  came  to  Oregon 
and  located  u|)on  French  prairie,  where  ho 
farmed  for  three  years,  and  afterward  followed 


the  sheep  liusiness  In  eastern  Oregon  until 
187U,  when  he  located  in  I'ortland  and  engaged 
in  tiie  real-eslate  husiness  until  18ii(>,  when  he 
joined  the  partnership  of  Cardwell  ii  l.ippin- 
cott,  in  tlie  custom-housi!,  hrokerage  and  gi'ueral 
real  estate  husiness,  in  whi(di  he  is  still  engaged. 
Mr.  lluneaker  was  niarrietl  in  Marion  county, 
in  1860,  to  Miss  Susanana  Jones,  daughter  of 
S.  W.  K.  Jones,  a  pioneer  »)f  1853.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ilunsaker  have  had  four  childri^n,  inimely: 
Silas  K.;  Kthel  L.,  wife  of  F.  L.  l.eutherland, 
of  I'ortland;  Arthur  K.  and  Zoie.  The  family 
have  a  heautiful  hcune  at  Fulton  Park.  Mr. 
Ilunsaker  represented  tin;  county  of  Marion  in 
the  State  Legislature  in  1876,  to  which  (lositioii 
he  was  elected  hy  the  Kepiihlican  party,  to 
which  party  he  is  a  coneistunt  adherent. 


tFV.  II.  II.  CKOSIFK,  nn  Oregon  pioneer, 
and  one  of  the  liighly  resjiected  citizens  of 
I'orthunl,  was  ho'-n  in  Somerset,  Ver- 
mont, Decemher  1,  1837.  Ills  parents,  liodney 
and  Maria  (Easterly)  Crosier,  itko  natives  of 
Vermont,  moved  to  Stamford,  Hennington 
county,  al)out  1839,  where  the  wife  and  mother 
died.  In  1849,  Mr.  Crosier  having  heen  re- 
married, to  Mies  Klioda  Knowlton.of  Williams- 
town,  Massachusetts,  moved  to  New  Lyme, 
Ashtahula  county,  Ohio,  his  last  move  lajing  ir 
1854,  to  Uoseville,  Warren  county,  Illinois. 
All  his  life  has  heen  passed  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits, and  now  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty- 
three  years  lie  still  exercises  a  personal  super- 
vision over  the  inanagLuient  of  his  farm,  a  tract 
of  320  acres,  on  whicli  he  lives. 

Rev.  II.  II.  Crosier  hegan  teaching  school  at 
an  early  »ge,  thus  adding  to  the  funds  which 
secured  his  higher  education  at  the  Mount  Mor- 
ris Seminary,  an  institution  then  owne(l  and 
governed  hy  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
There  young  Crosier  pursued  his  theologiciil 
studies,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years  was 
licensed  to  jireach.  At  twenty-one  he  joitjed 
the  Centri"!  Illinois  Conference,  his  first  pastor- 
ate iieiiig  "t  Spring  Hay,  followed  in  regular 
succession,  according  to  the  laws  of  the  Meth- 
odist (Church,  with  pastorates  at  Cappa,  Dillon, 
Ellison,  Hlandenville,  Mount  Clinrch,  South 
Fairhtiry  and  Sheldon,  all  central  Illinois 
towns.  Ids  work  at  these  places  covering  a 
period  of  twelve  years. 


inaTOKY    OF   ORBOOS. 


098 


Ilo  wiw  inarried  at  Morton,  Taz«\vell  coiiiity, 
IlliiioiH,  Duc-uiiiIht  20,  IStlt),  to  MUs  .Icniiif 
C'atiipliell,  a  lady  of  iiiitrkeil  niitiital  aii<l  moral 
quaiitixH,  a  ^railualu  of  Knox  {'olle^e.  She  i» 
a  (laiigiiter  of  the  late  W.  W.  (;uni|)licll,  a 
proiniiieiit  fartiicr  of  tiiat  locality. 

With  thu  ciiiripletion  of  Iiim  patttoraU!  at 
Sheldon,  t  n  account  of  failinj^  liualth,  Mr.  ('ro- 
sier wan  ot)]ifrL'(l  to  seek  a  inon*  i'(|iial)k>  cliniati*, 
and  in  1870.  with  IiIh  fuinily.  cjni^ratc.d  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  where  the  oxtrtjnieH  of  heat 
and  cold  are  not  (icverc.  In  1H72  lie  jmichatiiid 
six  acren  in  what  is  now  the  town  of  Sunnysidc, 
Portland,  at  that  tiin^  there  being  few  residents 
in  tills  locality.  The  woods  bordered  him  on 
the  north,  and  wolves,  deer  and  hears  were 
occasionally  seen  here  within  one  and  on«-half 
miles  of  the  heart  of  I'ortland.  Mr.  t/rowicr 
engaged  in  the  fruit  business,  slotting  out  a 
variety  of  det-idiious  trees  and  some  small  fruits. 
In  1874,  M'ith  somewhat  improved  health,  he 
engaged  in  the  real-estate  business  at  East  Port- 
land, which  he  continued  about  four  years, 
being  the  representative  agent,  and  transacting 
nearly  all  the  business  in  rentals,  etc.  In  1877 
he  bought  sixty  acres  bordering  on  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad,  which  he  has  recently  sub- 
divided and  laid  out  as  Troutdale  Park.  In 
1878  he  returned  to  Illinois,  and  for  one  year 
served  as  pastor  of  the  Zion  and  Wauponsett 
churches,  aiul  one  year  at  Cameron,  his  children 
during  this  time  enjoying  the  advantage  of  ex- 
cellent school  facilities.  lietuming  to  Portland 
in  1880,  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Leba- 
non for  one  year,  and  was  one  year  at  St.  Helen. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  failing  health  again  re- 
quired his  retirement  and  less  active  life.  In 
tlie  spring  of  1887  Mr.  Crosier  subdivided  his 
six  acres,  as  Crosier's  addition  to  East  Portland, 
and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  the  adjoining  lands 
were  platted  and  the  town  of  Sunnyside  became 
a  reality,  and  from  the  first  has  been  rapidly 
developed,  and  is  now  a  part  and  parcel  of 
Portland  proper. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crosier  have  six  children: 
Oney  M.,  Eddy  H.,  Emma  M.,  William  R., 
Cora  B.  and  Arthur  B.  Emma  M.  is  now  the 
wife  of  Peter  Schmeer,  and  Cora  B.  wife  of 
James  M.  Smith,  of  the  city  of  Portland.  Mr. 
Crosier  has  been  richly  blessed  in  his  family  re- 
lation, death  never  havitig  entered  his  home 
circle.  He  has  just  completed  a  conitnodious 
and  handsome  residence  on  Thirty-firBt  and 
East  Washington  streets,  where  with   his  dear 


onefl  he  lives  ii  quiet,  retired  and  ha|)py  liTt*; 
and,  ar>  opportunity  ami  health  permit",  he  t-till 
engajjes,  as  he  has  in  all  thone  yearx,  in  the 
service  of  the  church  of  his  early  choiix-. 

— '^^:^^ — 

(t.  IIAIIKINS,  |iropri((tor  of  the  lOagle 
.Marble  Works,  I'ortland,  Oiegvin,  is  a 
<*  native  of  Lancaster,  .lelferson  county, 
Indiana,  born  May  ii,  1832. 

His  parents,  (ieorge  and  Mary  ((iritlilli)  Har- 
kins,  mitives  i>{  Pennsylvania,  emigrated  to  In- 
diana about  1820,  and  built  their  house  in  the 
Woods.  Mr.  llarkitis  often  stood  in  his  door 
an<l  shot  deer  and  other  wild  game.  There  he 
cleare<l  land,  and  followed  farming  until  his 
death.  He  and  his  wife  hud  eleven  (tinldren, 
ten  of  whom  lived  t.t  maturity.  T.  (i.  Harkins 
was  the  ninth  child  in  the  family. 

At  the  ai;o  of  fifteen  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
went  to  Covington,  Kentucky,  and  there  served 
an  apprenticeship  to  the  trade  of  stonecutter. 
He  then  worked  as  a  journeyman  at  various 
places,  and  finally  settled  at  Paris,  Kentucky, 
where  he  opened  a  marble  shop,  and  C(jntinue(l 
business  until  the  opening  of  the  liebellioii.  At 
once  joining  the  Union  forces,  he  served  all 
through  the  war  intlio  tjuartcrmaster's  Depart- 
ment, |)assing  through  many  skirmishes,  but 
without  accident  to  himself.  In  IStio  he  went 
to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  was  employed 
under  l,>r.  John  Speed,  Postmaster,  in  general 
service  ui'til  18G7,  when  he  engaged  with  the 
Adams'  ExprCoS  Company,  running  as  messenger 
between  Louisville,  Nashville  and  Meniphis. 
Proving  his  adaptability  and  trustworthiness, 
he  was  subsequently  put  on  the  night  run  be- 
tween Louisville  and  Seymour,  Indiana,  in 
charge  of  the  money  shipments,  a  position  of 
great  responsibility.  On  the  night  of  May  22, 
1868,  the  train  was  "held  up"  at  the  water 
tank,  near  Marshfield,  by  the  Keno  gang.  The 
engineer  and  fireman  were  knocked  off  the  en- 
gine, and  the  express  car  was  uncoupled  from 
the  train  and  rapidly  pulled  out.  The  robbers 
then  broke  into  the  express  car,  knocked  Mr. 
Harkins  senseless  with  a  car  coupler,  and  threw 
him  from  the  train,  after  which  they  broke  open 
the  safe  and  secured  8100,000.  Mr.  Harkins 
was  picked  up  and  taken  home,  and  for  twelve 
days  lay  unconscious.  Upon  his  recovery  he 
accompanied    Piukerton's    detectives,  and  they 


w 


6J4 


iiisroiiY  OF  oitKnoN. 


Di'dinMl  Hixl  iiluiititiiM)  thrvi>  uf  tlic  ^niig,  wlin 
wi>ri>  tricil  iiikI  liiing.  lie  cnntiiiiicil  in  llie 
Fervici'  III  tlic  fxjuoH  ('iiiii|iiiiiy  iiniil  iNtiit. 
ulii'li  III"  wiiH  iipiKiinti'il  liy  the  I'nitcd  Miitcn 
(niM'lliiriclit  lis  St(iifki'i'|itr  nt'  llic  Scvfiitli  l)iri 
trii't  in  looking'  liftfr  ilihtillfrifH.  >vitli  li('ii(l(]iiiir- 
tui'H  at  l.i'xiiigtdii.  In  tliHt  (li'|iHi'tnu'nt  hi- 
rciniiiiK'il  nntil  187Si.  wlifn  liv  rfxlgnid  nnd 
ciiiiio  til  I'lirtlanil,  Oregon. 

Alter  cnniinf;  tiiOrcgim  Mr.  IlnrkinH  re- 
Hiiineii  wnrk  iit  liin  triule.  lie  v^iih  enij'loyed 
(in  tlie  enctonilioiisc  iiml  jiobt  'lilice  liiLldin^'f 
until  1875.  Tliat  jeiir  lit;  ;i|iehed  u  niiirldu 
yard  and  enj^iii^ed  in  v'oneral  cemetery  work, 
dealing  in  Italian  and  American  inarlile  and 
American  and  Sc(  tell  (jranite  moiinmi'nt«,  which 
liiisinchs  he  Imih    'ontiniicd  to  the  iircxnt   time. 

Mr.  Ilarkiiiit  was  married  in  |)anville.  I!!i- 
noic.  in     1S(>1.  to    MisB    Mary    K.    Miller,   who 

tirovfd  heri'eir  a  devoted  wife  and  lovin|4  mother. 
Ilie  de|iarted  llii.x  life  in  1878,  leaving  neven 
children.  Mr.  Ilarkinx  kejit  the  little  ones  to- 
gether nntil  all  were  I'cHrcd  and  edncated.  Their 
namec  are  !i~  folhjWH:  Klla  I).,  who  now  niiper- 
inlendn  the  hoMsehold  atiiiir!;;  (>Hkley.  a  civil 
enjiineer;  Annie  V.,  wife  of  E.  liailey;  Lena, 
wife  of  ('apt. .in  Claude  Tronp.  owner  of  the 
steamer  (ireyhound  on  I'nget  Honnd;  I'lora  B., 
wife  of  Charles  Steele;  Mamie  and  (iracie  M. 
lie  resides  at  No.  65i  Kiuirth  street.  Portland, 
where  he  owub  valuahle  jiroperty.  comprisinj;  n 
fourth  of  a  hlock.  Mr.  Ilarkins  is  a  memherof 
l*ari~  Chapter  and  Saddler  Cominaiulery.  t".  & 
A.  M..at  Paris.  Keiitut  ky.  and  is  Past  Master 
of  Portland  l.odjre,  A.  ()."l  .  W. 


tAMII/roN  CAMPHKLL,  deeeHsid.  The 
ancestry  of  Hamilton  Cainjihell  dates  hack 
thronj.'h  a  long  anil  distinjrnished  lineage 
to  the  Argyll'  iliin  of  Scotland.  Roliert  Camp- 
hell  came  to  America  late  in  the  eighteenth 
century  and  1  ecame  ]irominently  eoniiected  with 
the  gieat  salt  works  of  Kanawha  county.  Vir- 
ginia. U'.'  was  a  great  genius  in  nieehanieal 
work  and  surmounted  every  ohstacle  in  those 
days  of  primitive  machinery  and  convenienceB. 
He  was  married  loan  estimable  Scotch  lady  and 
she  bore  him  a  number  of  children,  tiie  second 
child  being  Hamilton,  our  subject. 

This     gentleman     was      horn     in     Kanawlia 
county,  June   12,  1812.     I'roceeding  with   his 


parviitfi  to.  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  later  to  San- 
gamon county.  Illinois,  his  educational  advan- 
tages were  iliM'onncclcd  and  somewhat  circuni- 
scribcd.  His  youthful  inclination  was  toward 
medicine  and  surgery,  but  his  father  insisted 
upon  his  learning  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker, 
wh.ch  he  ]iursucd  very  regretfully. 

lie  was  married  in  Sangamon  county  Keitru- 
ary  5,  1835,  to  Harriet  li.  Middle,  born  at  Am- 
herst Court  House,  Virginia.  February  2.  1817. 
The  Middle  family  are  of  Knglish  and  Welsh 
ancestry,  who  emigrated  to  Virginia  at  an  early 
day  and  followed  the  occupation  of  slavcholderB 
and  planters.  Itenjamin  Middle,  tli(<  father  of 
Mrs.  Campbell,  removed  to  Illinois  and  '  i.;::agL>d 
in  farming. 

After  marriage  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  ('ampbell  set- 
tled in  Springfield,  where  Mr.  Catn)ibell  pur- 
sued his  trade  until  1831),  when  they  joined  the 
tniHsiiinary  party  enlisted  by  IJev.  Jason  I,ee  to 
come  to  Oregon  to  aid  in  the  settlement  and 
civilization  of  the,  then,  almost  unknown  Terri- 
tory. The  missionary  party  was  composed  of 
fifty  white  persons,  men,  women  and  children, 
licsides  the  missionaries  and  teachers  the  party 
eoiitaiiied  practical  farmers  and  artisans  in  wood 
and  iron,  and  our  subject  filled  the  position  of 
carjienterof  the  party.  The  comtiaiiy  embarked 
from  New  York  in  October.  1839,  in  the  ship 
I.ansane,  Captain  Josiah  Spanlding  in  command, 
with  a  cargo  of  snpplies  for  the  new  mission 
and  the  more  ptecious  cargo  of  human  souls, 
wild  were  leavi?ig  behind  them  their  homes  of 
refinement  and  civilization  to  engage  in  a  life 
they  knew  nothing  of,  fused  with  the  spirit  of 
Christ's  teaching  to  carry  the  gospel  to  all  peo- 
ple. Hounding  (^ape  Horn,  only  stopping  at 
Rio  and  the  Sandwich  islands,  in  due  jirogress 
of  time  they  entered  the  (^olnmbia  river  and 
proceeded  to  the  Willamette  valley,  and  then  to 
the  mission  near  Salem.  Mr.  Campbell  assisted 
in  building  the  parsonage,  and  occupied  it, 
together  with  Rev.  Gnstavns  Hines,  until  the 
completion  of  the  institute,  when  he  removed 
to  a  portion  of  that  building,  as  Mr.  Lee  placed 
him  in  charge  of  the  Indian  school.  He  also 
had  control  of  the  mission  horses  and  cattle, 
and  at  the  close  of  the  mission  he  was  given  the 
first  privilege  of  buying  them,  which  he  em- 
braced and  removed  them  to  his  donation  claim 
in  the  Cliehulpum  valley.  The  closing  meet- 
ings of  the  mission  were  held  in  Mrs.  Canip- 
bell's  parlor.  Mr.  Campbell  was  urged  to  join 
the  conference  and  engage  as  a  circuit  rider,  but 


uitiToiir  OF  onmiuN. 


with  hirt  oMiur  roripnnHibilitioH  hu  coiiM  not  hi!- 
c.tspt.  Ill'  (lid,  liowtH'ur,  Ixicoino  ii  loc.til  prmuluir 
mill   prciicliiiil   ti)  tliu   Indiiiiici  in  tliuir  own  liiii- 

With  tlio  (irj^iiiii  .'tn  of  tliu  "  Hoavop " 
iiioiuiy  Mr.  ()uiiipl)ell  h,,  ravml  tlio  firitt  iiit<a. 
IIo  rujiiloil  upon  his  clami  until  IS54,  und  tliuii 
roniovud  tn  (JorvHliii*  :iti(l  unj^iijjud  in  tlio  photo- 
^I'lipiiic  husinuHK  hich  h'  followed  iii.iil  lS5t), 
Hiid  then  iomu  .  to  S:in  l''ni""iHi;o  to  piiritiiu 
tliu  Ditini<  liiiiM)f  hiirtinuHH  In  lHt!2  hu  ruturnud 
liiH  fiimil}'  to  I'ortliind  iir<  '  li«!  wont  to  thu  minus 
at  (TnityiiiaH,  Mexi<' .,  Ii.ivin^  '  'ten  iip|)ointud 
8Upurintond(»nt  of  the  suniu;  and  while  snpur- 
intunding  the  crnuiliies  in  June,  1803,  he  wm 
fonlly  murdered  and  roUbud. 

MrH.  (/amphell  is  still  living  in  Portland,  and 
although  Huveiity-fivo  years  of  ago  is  hale, 
hearty  and  vijrorons,  in  thu  full  enjoyment  of 
life  with  her  children,  who  are  settled  aliont 
her.  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  (lamphell  have  eight  chil- 
dren, fonr  of  whom  survive,  namely:  Mary  D., 
wife  of  William  ISarnhart,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
merchant;  Maria  A.  was  the  tirst  white  child 
horn  in  8aloin,  October  25,  1S41,  now  the 
widow  of  S.  M.  Smith,  a  former  prominent 
<lrujj;giBt  of  Portland;  ifiirriot  A,,  widow  of 
Charles  K.  Calof,  a  urominent  drnggist  of  Port- 
land; and  Sarah  C,  widow  of  J.  II.  Uatcheler. 
These  children  are  all  living  in  Portland  and 
are  a  great  comfort  to  their  widowed  mother. 


(IIAIILES  [lENRY  PIGGOTT,  president 
of  the  Pioneer  Wood  Comjmiiy,  Portland, 

^  .  is  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada,  born  near 
the  town  of  London,  in  1851. 

I' is  grandfather,  Henry  Pigf^ott,  a  native  of 
London,  England,  emigrated  to  Ontario  about 
1792,  and  built  the  rirst  tavern  at  Putville, 
Middlesex  county  The  parents  of  (Jharles  H. 
were  William  and  Lavinia  (House)  Piggott, 
both  natives  of  Ontario.  His  father,  a  farmer 
all  his  life,  passed  away  in  1884,  at  the  age  of 
sixty  years.  His  mother  is  still  living  on  the 
old  homestead.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
the  first  born  of  their  seven  children,  six  of 
whom  are  still  living.  He  was  educated  at 
Bathurst  College,  London,  Ontario.  At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  started  out  in  life  for  himself. 
Going  to  Chicago,  Hlinois,  he  secured  a  posi- 


tion with  Morehouse  fi,  C^hapinaii,  produce 
meri'.lianls,  and  with  them  ritiuaiiUMl  aiinut  throe 
years.  Alter  which  he  rt'tiirned  to  Luiidun, 
finishing  his  education  at  Pathiiritt  College. 
He  then  piislu'd  \\\>  way  westwiii'il  as  tar  as 
Colorado,  and  in  Octoljer,  I87;t,  struck  the 
Pacific  coast  at  San  Francisco,  wiiero  he  was 
eii^fuged  in  :i  citinmissiiiii  business  until  lS77. 
Thai  year  he  sold  out  his  inieri'sts  in  San  l'"ran- 
cisco,  came  north,  ami  has  since  been  a  resident 
of  Portland,  Oregon.  Fi>r  about  twn  yenrs  ho 
s|ieiMilated  in  fruit  and  fiinn  prinliu'e.  shipping 
to  thu  San  Francisco  ina"k>!t.  In  H7'J  he  en- 
gaged in  the  wood  business,  ost.iblisiiing  a  yard 
Ht  the  foot  of  Coluinitia  street  and  purchasing 
wood  along  the  lower  Williimette  and  Columbia 
riv(irs.  In  the  fall  of  1H7U  lie  removed  his  y  ird 
to  North  Fourth  and  Front  streets,  and  there 
remained  until  1890,  when  lie  eons  I'dated  with 
Messrs.  Moore  di  Starr,  who  represented  one  of 
the  Pioneer  yards  at  the  foot  of  Morrison  street, 
and  incorporated  under  the  name  of  Pioneer 
Wood  Company,  Mr.  Piggott  being  elected 
president.  The  company  now  handle  about 
H, .")()()  ('ords  of  wood  per  year.  In  18S4  Mr. 
I'iggutt  purehasud  ten  acres  in  the  suburbs  of 
East  Portland,  which  he  jubseijuently  annexed 
to  the  city  as  Piggott's  Addition  to  East  Port- 
land. Here,  in  1889,  In  established  a  brick- 
yard, which  he  conHnned  very  successfully, 
with  a  daily  output  of  5(',0()0  brick  during  the 
brick-tnaking  season.  In  September,  1891, 
seven  of  the  leading  brick-yards  of  the  city 
consolidated  and  incorporated  as  the  Union 
Brick  Company,  of  which  Mr.  Piggott  was 
elected  president. 

He  was  married  at  Gervais,  Marion  county, 
Oregon,  in  1883,  to  Miss  Sadie  Hrown,  a  native 
of  Oregon  and  a  daughter  of  Hon.  Samuel 
Brown,  a  pioneer  of  1849,  who  was  elected  by 
the  Republican  party  for  two  terms  in  the  Ore- 
gon State  Senate,  and  who  was  numbered  among 
the  war  Senators,  who  stood  firm  in  supporting 
the  Union  during  the  troublous  days  of  seces- 
sion. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Piggott  have  three  chil- 
dren: William  Earle,  Gladys  L.  and  Charles 
Henry,  Jr. 

Mr.  Piggv/tt  reoides  upon  the  heights  at  the 
head  of  Seventh  street,  where  he  has  built  a 
brick  castle,  which  commands  one  of  the  finest 
views  of  the  valley  and  distant  snow-capped 
mountains.  He  also  has  other  valuable  prop- 
erty in  and  around  the  city  of  Portland.  lie 
atHliates  with  the  Republican  party  and  takee 


4 


620 


IlISruUY    OF    OltKOON. 


5 


1'   t 


nil  aetivo  interest  in  politiciil  matters.  He  ie  a 
director  of  tlio  ('liaiiilier  of  tJomineree  and  is 
very  enthusiastic  over  tlie  future  prospects  of 
Portland,  tiie  current  commercial  center  of  the 
Northwest. 


m^m^rn^^ 


**- 


[IJKNKZEU  UMIiTON  M.jKLKOY.  A.M., 
IMi.  I).,  (Jregon's  State  yuperintendent  of 
.-ifST  Public  Instruction,  is  ,a  native  of  Wasli- 
iuf^ton  county,  Pennsylvania,  horn  September 
17.  1842.  His  grandfather,  John  McElroy, 
was    a    native    of    Scotland,   but   euiii'rated    to 

r" 

America  before  the  Hevolutioriary  war;  liis 
wife  was  of  Scotch  Irish  extraction.  They 
settled  in  Peimsylvania.  and  there  reared  a 
family;  their  son,  James  McEhoy,  was  the 
father  (jf  our  subject;  he  married  Miss  Mary 
Smith,  also  a  native  of  the  Keystone  State,  and 
of  this  union  were  born  twelve  children,  S]ben- 
e/.er  li.  iieinj^  theyounfi;est.  His  early  life  was 
spent  on  a  farm,  and  his  education  was  acquired 
in  the  public  scnools  and  at  the  State  Normal 
School.  He  had  begun  teachini;  in  the  public 
Bchools  in  18dl,  but  when  the  war  arose  be- 
tween the  North  and  South,  all  private  inter- 
ests and  ambitions  were  forgotten,  and  the 
Country's  necessity  became  the  all-important 
con.-idcration.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Com- 
pany 1>.  First  West  Virginia  Volunteer  Infan- 
try, and  served  in  this  regiiTient  until  18(53. 
participating  in  many  engagements;  ho  was 
mustered  out  in  18t53.  and  re-enlisted  in  the 
One  Hundredth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  In- 
fantry (''Roundheads"),  and  served  until  July, 
1805,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  ranks. 
He  was  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
S|)ott8ylvan!a,  Hethesda  ('hurch,  Hatcher's  ]{un, 
the  final  assault  upon  Petersburg,  any  many 
others;  he  was  present  at  the  surrender  of 
Lee's  army. 

When  the  war  was  ended  he  re-entered  col- 
lege and  j)ursued  his  studies  for  two  years. 
From  that  time  until  1874:  he  was  enp;a<;ed  in 
teaching  in  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia. 

In  1809  Professor  McElroy  was  married  in 
Washington  county,  J'ennsylva)iia,  to  Misa 
Agnes  McFaddtn.  a  niece  of  the  celebrated 
Hishop  Alexander  Canijibell.  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Touched  by  the  fe\er  of  the  Western 
emigration,  he  came  to  Oregon  in  1874,  and 
during    the    first   year   of   his    residence   here, 


taught  in  the  public  schools  of  Corvallis;  the 
followinu;  year  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Literature! '  in  the  State  Agricultural  College, 
which  he  filled  until  be  was  elected  to  his  pres- 
ent responsible  position. 

While  a  resident  of  Benton  county  lie  was 
Superintendent  of  Schools,  and  gave  universal 
satisfaction.  Iiuleed,  his  popularity  was  so 
great  that  he  was  twice  re-elected  to  the  ofKce, 
without  opposition,  the  Democratic  convention 
declining  to  name  a  candidate  agaiusl  him. 
He  lias  been  honored  with  several  responsible 
ofHces  in  the  (J.  A.  R. ;  during  1887  he  was 
Assistant  Iu.spector-General;  in  1888  he  served 
as  Aidede-Camp  on  the  staff  of  the  Coinmander- 
iu-cliief,  and  in  1890,  at  the  annual  encamp- 
ment, he  was  elected  Department  Commander 
for  Oregon.  He  is  one  of  the  vice  presidents 
of  the  National  Teachers'  Association,  and  is 
vice-president  of  the  National  Department  of 
Superintendents. 

Professor  McElroy  is  a  man  of  excellent 
businen  ability,  and  has  interested  himself  in 
some  of  the  leading  enterprises  of  the  county. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  State  In- 
surance Company  of  Salem,  and  has  been  a 
director  and  vice-president  since  it  was  incor- 
porated. He  is  now  a  resident  of  Salem,  and 
he  and  his  estimable  wife  are  well  known  in 
society  and  prominent  i::  charitable  works.  He 
is  a  man  of  great  executive  ability,  and  has 
thoroughly  organized  the  department  of  public 
instruction,  so  that  the  influeuceis  felt  in  every 
school  in  the  State. 


[OHN  HIRD,  a  venerable  and  most  worthy 
Oiegon  pioneer  of  1847,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky in  1810.  His  parents  were  R(ibert 
and  Rach'il  I'ird,  both  natives  of  Kentucky, 
and  respectively  of  English  an,'  Scotch  descent. 
They  tiad  six  children,  three  sons  and  three 
daughters,  of  whom  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  the  oldest. 

He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Kentucky,  at- 
tending the  schools  in  the  vicinity,  and  upon 
attaining  his  majority,  he  removed  to  Illinois. 
Her?  he  was  later  married  to  Mies  Nancy  Hland, 
a  highly  estimable  lady  of  tiiat  vicinity.  They 
had  six  children:  William,  Samuel  Mland.JamoH 
M.,  Mary  E.,  Pamelia  J.  and  Robert  P.,  with 
whom  they  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1847. 


B I  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


627 


This  long  and  weiirisorue  journey,  which 
abounded  in  perils  to  the  unwary,  was  endured 
with  patience  and  cheerfulness  by  this  little 
family,  who  had  left  home  and  friends  to  seek 
their  fortunes  in  the  great  West.  In  due  time 
they  arrived  in  (Jregon  City,  where  they  re- 
mained uninterruptedly  until  1849,  when  Mr. 
Bird  went  to  the  mines  in  California,  lured 
there  by  the  roseate  reports  of  the  gold  diggings 
in  that  locality.  He  returned  in  the  course  of 
the  same  year,  and  removed  with  his  family  to 
Yam  Hill  county,  where,  in  1850,  he  took  a 
donation  claim,  located  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of 
La  Fayette.  Here  he  built  a  cozy  little  home, 
and  together  they  experienced  all  the  depri- 
vations and  hardsliips  of  pioneer  life.  Here 
they  resided  until  18G4,  when  he  sold  the  place, 
which  had  been  a  home  for  so  many  years,  and 
moving  to  the  city  opened  a  tin  and  stove 
store.  This  proved  to  be  a  successful  venture, 
and  was  continued  advantageously  until  1872, 
when  he  sold  out  at  a  good  profit,  and  retired 
from  active  business.  While  in  business,  he 
was  elected  Treasurer  of  the  county,  to  which 
responsible  office  he  was  three  times  re-elected, 
which  was  a  most  flattering  indorsement  of  his 
ability  and  probity. 

In  his  youth  he  was  a  Whig,  but  upon  the 
organization  of  the  Republican  party,  he  became 
an  ardent  subscriber  to  its  cause,  and  during  the 
agitation  of  the  war  was  a  strong  Union  man. 

For  many  years  he  has  byon  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  is  in  high  standing  in 
the  Methodist  Church,  to  the  support  and 
welfare  of  which  ho  has  always  liberally  con- 
tributed, both  of  his  means  and  influence. 

In  1882  his  faithful  partner  for  so  many 
years,  the  devoted  wife  and  indulgent  mother, 
died,  in  the  midst  of  her  loving  family  and 
friends.  She  was  a  woman  of  intelligence  and 
many  charms  of  ])erson  and  character,  and 
greatly  beloved  by  all  who  knew  her.  Her  loss 
lias  been  severely  felt  liy  Mr.  Bird,  who,  since 
her  death,  has  resided  with  his  son  Robert,  in 
La  Fayette,  where  everything  tliat  love  can  sug- 
gest, or  care  perform,  is  done  for  his  comfort. 

His  life  has  been  a  successful  one,  both  as 
regards  an  accumulation  of  means  and  in  the 
living  of  a  true,  complete  life.  He  is  now 
eighty-two  years  of  age,  and  recalls  with  satis- 
faction the  keeping  of  every  honest  obligation, 
and  enjoys  the  greatest  regard  of  his  fellowmen. 

His  eldest  son,  William,  is  residing  in  North 
Y'akima,    Washington;    James    M.  died  in  his 


fiftieth  year;  Mary  Ellen  married  Mr.  .1.  C. 
Nelson;  she  had  two  children,  and  she  died  in 
her  twenty-second  year;  I'amelia  J.  became  the 
wife  of  Mr.  J.  L.  Ferguson;  she  had  seveiiil 
chihlren,  and  died  in  her  forty-fourth  year. 

With  his  son,  the  Hon.  Robert  1'.  Bird,  the 
history  of  whom  is  given  elsewhere  in  this  book, 
he  is  now  passing  in  tranquillity  the  declining 

f'ears  of  a  well-spent  life,  secure  in  the  love  of 
lis  family  and  friends,  and  in  the  approval  of 
his  own  searching  conscience. 


ILES  DAVIES,  an  early  settler  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Oregon,  and  one  of  Bea- 
verton's  most  venerable  citizens,  was 
born  ii;  Fayette  county,  Pennsylvania,  duly  11, 
1809.  His  father,  John  Davies,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  April  9,  1773.  Grand- 
father Joshua  Davies  emigrated  to  Maryland 
from  Wales,  prior  to  the  Revolution.  Ho  was 
a  tailor,  taught  his  son  John  that  trade,  and  to- 
gether they  did  a  large  business  during  the 
Revolutionary  war,  making  clothes  for  the 
soldiers.  John  Davies  married  Rachel  Collins, 
who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  November  21, 
1778.  They  resided  in  Pennsylvania  some  time, 
and  then  moved  to  Ohio,  where  they  spent  the 
rest  of  their  lives.  The  mother  died  May  11, 
1841,  and  the  father  March  1,  1845.  They 
were  reared  Quakers,  but  later  in  life  joined 
another  evangelical  church.  Of  their  eleven 
children.  Mr.  Davies  and  a  sister  are  the  only 
survivors. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  six  years  old 
when,  in  1815,  the  family  moved  to  Ohio,  and 
there  he  war,  reared.  They  being  amr  g  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  the  State,  it  was  not  until  he 
was  thirteen  years  old  that  there  was  a  school 
he  could  attend.  In  1832  he  removed  to  In- 
diana. There,  March  12,  1835,  he  married 
Miss  Jane  Haynes,  He  had  a  farm  of  100 
acres,  which  he  cleared  tip  in  the  woods,  and  on 
it  he  remained  for  nearly  twenty  years.  In 
1853  he  brought  hie  family  across  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  leaving  Indiana  in  the  fall  of  1852, 
wintering  in  Missouri,  and  on  the  24th  of  April 
starting  on  their  long  journey.  Mr.  Davies  had 
four  wagons,  ten  yokes  of  oxen,  four  yokes  of 
cows  and  a  span  of  horses.  His  son-in-law, 
Peter  Kondt,  came  with  them.  They  made  a 
rapid  journey,  landing  in  Washington  county 


e»i 


HISTOlir    OF    OIIKOUN. 


oti  the  28tli  of  August.  Our  subject  took  a 
donation  claim  of  tiinlier  land,  five  miles  soutli- 
west  of  Deavertoii,  ami  on  it  lived  for  over 
thirty  years.  During  tiiat  time  he  cleared  fifty 
acres,  and  partly  cleared  fifty  acres  more,  lie 
and  his  wife  reared  a  larj^e  family  of  children 
to  occupy  useful  and  I'esjiected  positions  in  life. 
Following  are  their  names:  I'lielie,  wife  f)f  I'eter 
Kendt,  a  Washington  county  farmer;  Alfred,  a 
merchant  of  Ik'averton;  James  William,  of 
Morf;!in  county,  Ohio;  Alary  Jane,  wife  of 
Fletcher  Koyal,  resides  in  Salem;  Francis  M., 
who  died  in  his  twenty -fifth  year;  Horace  G., 
a  prominent  hiinbe'""an  ol  Heavertou;  IJachel, 
who  died  in  her  tweuty-si.Nth  year;  and  August 
N.,  a  lumherman  living  near  Heavertou.  Six 
of  the  children  arc  living,  and  there  are  twenty- 
one  grandchildren.  Mrs.  Davies  died  June  4, 
1876,  and  Mr.  Davies  has  since  remained  siujfle. 
She  belonged  to  the  Methodist  Church,  of  which 
he  also  is  a  consistent  member. 

In  l^S'i  Mv.  Davies  sold  his  farm,  and  for  a 
time  lived  with  his  children.  Is'ow  he  has  a 
little  home,  neatly  furnished,  in  Heavertou, 
where  he  is  speiidiug  the  evening  of  a  useful 
and  active  life.  He  is  reit;arkably  bright  and 
intelligent  for  a  man  of  his  advanced  years. 

EaLFIlED  DAVIES,  a  merchant  of  Beaver- 
It    ton,  Wahhingtoi:  county,  Oregon,  was  born 
in  Elkhart  county,  Indiana,  July  18,  18-U, 
the  oldest  sori  of  Miles   Davies. 

Mr.  Davies  was  twelve  years  of  age  when  he 
arrived  with  his  father  and  family  in  Oregon, 
and  here  he  learned  the  carpenters'  trade  and 
Worked  at  it  twelve  years.  Then,  with  his 
brother,  Horace  (4.,  he  engaged  in  sawmilling 
for  8i.\  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  pur- 
chased his  brother's  interest  in  the  establish- 
ment and  ran  it  by  himself  one  year.  He  then 
sold  the  business,  and  out  of  it  grew  the  Ains- 
lie  Milling  ("ompany.  After  two  years  he  and 
his  brother  built  another  mill,  which  they  have 
since  successfully  coiulncted.  In  1891  Mr. 
Davies  became  a  partner  with  Dr.  F.  M.  liobin- 
Bon,  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Heaveiton, 
under  the  Hrm  name  of  Robinson  &  Davies. 
Mr.  Davies  is  manager  of  the  store,  and  the  firm 
are  doing  an  excellent  business.  He  is  also  in- 
terested in  farming  and  fruit  culture,  having  a 
farm   at    Heavertou  and  one  in   Marion  county. 


He  makes  a  specialty  of  prunes,  plums,  pears 
and   peaehes. 

Mr.  Davies  married  Miss  Mary  TeiTt,  May 
14,  1871.  a  daughter  of  an  Oregon  pioneer. 
Following  are  the  names  of  their  children: 
William,  Clara,  (ieorge,  Hattie.  Daisy.  Harry, 
Mildred  and  Merle,  the  last  two  being  twins. 

Mr.  Davies  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F., 
and  also  of  the  Foresters,  aiul  of  the  lattei" 
society  he  is  Treasurer.  He  has  been  a  Kepub- 
lican  all  his  life,  and  has  served  two  years  as 
Justice  of  the  Teace.  During  the  civil  war  he 
was  for  two  years  a  member  of  the  I'^irst  Oregon 
Infantry,  spending  a  year  at  Fort  Boise.  Idaho; 
was  honorably  discharged  in  July,  18G6,  with 
the  rank  of  Corporal. 

He  is  one  of  I'eavertou's  best  citizens. 

0S150HN,  Auditor  and  Police  Judge  of 
Astoria,  was  born  in  Meadville,  Penn- 
»  sylvania,  in  January,  1852.  a  son  of 
John  M.  Osborn,  who  came  to  this  State  in 
18(54.  In  1867  our  subject  entered  the  Lincoln 
School  at  San  Francisco,  where  he  took  a  full 
coiirsi",  and  then  entered  the  Pacific  Husiness 
College,  After  graduating  at  this  institution, 
he  was  employed  as  clerk  for  H.  H.  Wakelee  & 
C!o.  five  years,  and  then  engaged  in  business  for 
himself,  at  223  Sacramento  street,  as  a  com- 
mission and  wholesale  tobacco  merchant,  under 
the  firm  name  of  K.  Osborn  &  Co.  After  seven 
years  our  subject  went  to  Hwaco,  Washington, 
and  thence  to  Astoria.  December  9,  1891,  he 
was  elected  to  the  position  he  now  holds. 

Mr.  Osborn  was  married  in  1877,  to  Miss 
Clara  Hayrfcuther,  a  native  of  Chicago.  They 
have  two  children,  Austin  and  Bnrr. 


ILLIAM  ENGLAND,  is  one  of  the 
prominent  business  men  of  Salem.  He 
came  to  Oregon  in  1852,  without  means, 
and  by  honest  and  industrious  effort  has  raised 
himself  to  his  present  wealth  and  intluenco.  He 
was  was  born  in  Illinois,  on  January  22,  1829. 
His  father.  Mr.  John  England,  was  born  in 
Ohio  and  when  four  years  of  age  went  with  his 
parents  to  Illinois,  where  he  was  raised  and  ed- 
ucated.    He  married  Miss  Sarah  Smith,  a  native 


UISTOUr    OF    OHEOON. 


(i2» 


of  Ohio.  Tliey  liad  ten  chikiren,  of  whom  our 
svibjeet  was  the  oldest  sou.  He  was  raised  on 
his  father's  farm  in  Illinois,  receiving  a  limited 
education,  attending  school  a  short  time  in 
winter,  and  working  on  the  farm  the  rest  of  the 
time.  On  coming  of  age,  he  determined  to  push 
his  fortune  in  the  West,  starting  for  Oregon  on 
March  27,  1852.  There  were  in  the  company 
fifty  men  and  three  women.  On  Platte  river 
tlieir  captain  died,  when  ten  of  the  company 
turned  back,  forty-two  of  them  wiilisi.x  wagons, 
continued  the  journey.  They  lo.st  one  man  with 
cholera,  and  Mr.  England  had  it,  but  recovered. 
He  arrived  at  Salem,  October  10,  1852.  lie 
looked  about  and  secured  work  at  carpentering, 
at  which  he  was  employed  until  the  middle  of 
November,  when  he  started  on  foot  for  Jackson- 
ville in  search  of  a  gold  mine.  The  winter 
closed  in  early  so  he  did  not  work,  but  made  his 
way  back  to  lioseburg  and  Seottsburg,  in 
which  latter  place  he  wintered.  On  April  1,  he 
returned  to  the  mine,  a  doctor  furnishing  the 
provisions,  Mr.  England  working  the  mine  on 
shares.  High  water  rendered  it  difficult  work, 
and  he  had  poor  success.  He  then  returned  on 
foot  to  Salem,  and  on  this  trip  was  twenty-four 
hours  without  food.  That  was  in  1853.  Pie 
soon  secured  carpentry  work,  and  worked  at  that 
and  Wiigon- making  for  some  time.  He  then 
opened  a  wagon  shop,  running  it  on  a  small 
scale  until  he  acquired  more  means.  His  busi- 
ness increased  from  year  to  year,  until  he  began 
the  manufacture  of  carriages  and  wagons,  in 
which  business  he  was  the  pioneer  in  Salem. 
He  continued  in  this  business  until  1883.  In 
1877  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Major 
Williams  in  the  money  loaning  and  real-estate 
busiufciis,  in  which  they  continued  until  1890, 
doing  a  successful  business.  They  then  opened 
the  banking  house  of  Williams  &  England.  Mr. 
England  has  invested  largely  in  city  prop- 
erty, and  has  built  several  valuable  business 
blocks,  and  a  nice  residence  in  whic'^  he  resides. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  State  In- 
surance Ooiiipany,  of  which  he  is  now  one  of 
the  organizers  and  a  director. 

This  business  has  met  with  marked  success, 
and  is  one  of  which  the  projectors  may  justly 
be  proud. 

Mr.  England  wa«  nnirried  in  1879  to  Miss 
Olive  Stanton,  oi;e  of  Oregon's  native  daughters. 
Her  father,  Mr.  Alfred  Stanton,  came  to  Oregon 
in  1847,  and  now  resitlcs  in  Salem.  Mrs.  Eng- 
land   is   an    active  member  of  the    Unitarian 


Society,  and  has  rendered  efficient  aid  in  pro- 
curing funds  with  which  to  build  their  present 
house  of  worship.  Mr.  England  is  also  a  mem- 
ber, being  Trustee  and  Treasurer  of  the  society. 
He  belongs  to  the  1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  affiliated 
with  the  liepublican  party  since  its  organization. 
He  is  widely  and  favorably  known,  having  made 
the  city  of  Salem  his  home  since  1853.  He  is 
a  jovial,  kind-heartLd,  honorable  gentleman, 
and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  com- 
munity at  large,  and  the  affection  of  a  host  of 
personal  friends. 

fACOB  PFAU,  a  reputable  and  prosperous 
Folk  county  farmer  and  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1853,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  April 
18,  1819.  He  is  of  German  ancestry,  although 
French  blood  is  mingled  in  his  veins  with  the 
sturdy  German  current.  His  parents  were 
worthy  Lutherans,  who  trained  their  boy  to 
habits  of  industry  and  honesty,  which  have 
never  deserted  him.  He  received  his  education 
in  Germany  and  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1847,  Krst  settling  in  Illinois,  where  he  remained 
for  live  years,  working  at  the  butcher  trade.  He 
then  came  to  California,  via  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  and  worked  for  a  short  time  in  San 
Francisco.  He  then  went  to  the  mines  and 
prospected  for  gold,  and  spent  his  money,  in 
September,  1853,  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  worked  at  his  trade  for  A.  II.  Johnson,  who 
has  since  made  a  fortune  in  the  butcher  busi- 
ness in  Portland.  From  Portland,  Mr.  Pfau 
came  to  Salem  and  followed  his  business  there 
until  1860  and  then  purchased  his  present  farm 
of  313  acres,  six  miles  west  of  Salem.  In  order 
to  purchase  this  farm  he  had  to  go  in  debt  $1,- 
200,  and  so  was  obliged  to  work  very  hard  to 
pay  off  the  obligation.  He  not  only  farmed, 
but  raised  stock  and  worked  at  his  trade. 

Mr.  Pfau  was  married  December  5, 1866,  to 
Miss  Nancy  J.  Tayler,  a  native  of  Illinois.  She 
married  Mr.  Tayler  and  bore  him  eight  cliildren, 
the  last  two  in  the  West.  She  and  lier  husband 
and  six  children  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
in  1862,  and  tiree  years  later  her  husband  died. 
The  following  year  she  married  Mr.  Pfau.  They 
have  two  dai'ghters:  Nannie,  now  Mrs.  C.  W. 
Stump,  who  has  one  child;  and  Etfe,  single,  at 
home  with  her  mother  and  father. 

Mr.  Pfau  has  been  a  hardworking  man,  and 
very  upright  in  all  his  dealings,     lie  has  made 


630 


IIISTOUY    OF    OUEQON. 


II  .' 


:V.  ■ 


his  own  way  in  life  and  Ims  lieen  suL'cressl'iil.  He 
is  a  good  representative  oF  the  iionest,  tiirifty 
citizens  that  Gerniany  has  fnrni.-hed  the  United 
States,  and  who  have,  hy  economy  and  industry, 
made  their  way  in  tiie  country,  until  tiiey  have 
become  nuniUored  among  our  best  and  most  in- 
fluential citizens. 


fM.  KEEl*,  prominent  as  a  I)usine8»  man, 
and  president  of  tiie  Forest  Grove  15ank, 
<»  is  a  descendant  of  olil  English  ancestry, 
who  were  early  Hettlers  of  New  En<rland,  trac- 
ing hack  in  a  direct  line  to  the  early  iniiabitants 
of  I'lymouth,  Massachusetts  [lis father,  Charles 
^[elville  Keep,  Sr..  was  li.  n  in  Massachusetts 
in  1834,  and  married  Miss  Margaret  Emily 
IJeck,  a  inUive  of  Pennsylvania.  Tiioy  had 
three  sons  and  a    daughter,  of  whom  the  sub- 

i'ect  of  our  sketch  was  the  youngest.  He  was 
)orn  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  November  2,  186-1, 
and  was  educated  in  his  native  city,  and  i)egan 
his  business  career  as  a  banker  in  the  Humboldt 
Safe  Doposit  and  Trust  Company  of  his  native 
town.  After  three  years  he  went  to  Colorado, 
where  he  remained  six  months.  From  there  ho 
went  to  Wisconsin  and  Micliigan.  He  was  con- 
nected witli  the  Iron  Exchange  Hank  of  Hurley, 
Wisconsin,  and  later  started  the  Bankof  Wake- 
lield,  Kansas,  where  he  remained  as  cashier  for 
one  year.  He  then  went  to  Kansas  City,  where 
he  was  for  three  years  connected  with  the  Na- 
tional I'ank  of  Commerce,  and  in  October,  1S8'J, 
came  to  Forest  Grove  and  foundeii  the  Hank  of 
Forest  (irove,  wiiich  was  the  first  bank  started 
in  the  city.  Soon  afterward  his  brotlier,  Thomas 
S.,  became  a  partner  in  the  bank,  and  the  cashier. 
They  are  <loing  a  large  general  commercial  ' 
Imiiking  business,  meeting  with  very  gratifying 
success.  Besides  their  regular  banking  busi- 
ness, they  represent  several  of  the  largest  in- 
surance companies  doing  Ijusiness  on  this  coast. 
As  energetic  and  intelligent  business  men,  they 
soon  became  convinced  of  tlie  future  growth  and 
prospt'rity  of  Forest  Grove,  an<l  have  been 
largely  interested  in  real  estate  in  the  city  and 
vicinity.  They,  in  connection  with  E.  W. 
Haines,  are  owners  of  the  South  Park  addition 
to  the  city  of  Forest  (irove.  This  is  a  large 
and  splendid  tract  of  land,  lying  on  the  south 
of  the  city,  l)etween  it  and  tiie  depot.  They 
liave  improved  this    property,  and  some  hand- 


some residences  are  built  (,n  it.  The  father  of 
our  subject  has  sold  his  jjossessions  in  the  East, 
and  has  built  himself  a  beautiful  home  in  South 
Park,  complete,  with  all  Tnodern  improvements. 
The  Keep  brothers  take  a  very  great  interest  in 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  their  city,  and 
are  liberal  in  advancing  its  welfare;  as  they  are 
men  of  expericMice,  enterprise  and  capital,  they 
are  destined  to  be  important  factors  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  their  municipality.  Our  subject 
is  a  stockholder  in  the  Forest  Grove  Times 
Company,  the  only  paper  in  the  city,  and  is  a 
stockholder  and  president  of  the  Canning  and 
Electric  Light  Cbmpany  of  the  city.  His 
brother,  Thomas  S.,  is  also  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  previous  to  coining  to  F'orest  Grove 
was  connected  with  the  National  Bank  of  Com- 
merce, Kansas  City,  and  is  equally  interested 
with  his  brother  iti  the  bank  and  the  other  en- 
terprises. They  have  pleasant  homes  in  an  at- 
tractive part  of  the  city,  which  are  suggestive 
of  cumtort  and  refinement.  Thomas  S.  is  mar- 
ried. Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  both  York  and  Scottish  rite. 

If  the  business  men  of  a  community  are  in- 
dicative of  the  progres.;  of  the  place,  we  would 
certaiidy  have  no  trouble  in  prognosticating  the 
future  of  F'orest  (irove  from  contemplating  two 
of  her  leading  business  men;  and  so  sure  would 
we  be  of  her  prosperity  and  development  that  we 
would  not  consider  it  fair  to  lay  a  wager,  inas- 
muci,  as  it  is  considered  despicable  to  bet  on  a 
.sure  thing. 

^-^-^ 

lALTER  S.  PERllY,  one  of  the  rising 
young  attorneys  of  '^ortland,  Oregon, 
commands  a  position  of  trust  and  con- 
fidence, and  it  is  fiting  that  some  personal  men- 
tion of  him  be  made  in  the  pages  of  this  vol- 
ume. 

Walter  S.  Perry  was  born  in  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  July  2!),  1854.  His  par- 
ents, Augustus  E.  and  Mary  J.  (lioss)  Perry, 
were  natives  of  Maryland,  where  their  ances- 
tors had  settled  at  an  early  date.  Agustus  E. 
was  a  prominent  dry-goods  merchant  of  Wash- 
ington for  many  years  prior  to  his  death,  in 
187(5.  Walter  S.  was  the  fifth  born  of  their  ten 
children,  six  of  wlimti  reached  years  of  maturi- 
ty. He  was  educated  at  Georgetown  College, 
District  of  Columbia,  garduatingin  1874,  with 


UiarOHY    UF    OHKGON. 


031 


\ 


tlio  dt'f^ree  of  A.  i  ^  He  tlieii  Htudied  law  at  the 
University  of  Virginiii,  and  after  lieing  in  that 
institution  two  years  was  called  home  by  the 
death  of  his  father.  lie  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  in 
1870,  and  at  once  entered  npon  the  practice  of 
liis  profession.  Two  years  later,  his  health 
failing,  he  gave  up  business  and  sought  res- 
toration through  travel.  During  the  "Star- 
lioute"  litigation  in  Washingtoii,  District  of 
Columbia,  Mr.  I'erry  was  appointed  special 
assistant  to  the  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States  and  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  breaking 
up  the  system  of  "straw''  bail. 

Mr.  Perry  visited  the  principal  cities  in  Eu- 
rope, passed  one  winter  in  Cuba,  and  in  1886 
resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  White 
Hear,  Ramsey  county,  Minnesota,  twelve  miles 
from   St.    Paul.      While   there  he  occupied  the 

fosition  of  (Mty  Attorney  for  about  two  years. 
[e  was  also  connected  with  the  West  Publish- 
ing Co.  of  St.  Paul,  engaged  as  editor  upon  the 
preparation  of  the  rejwrts  of  the  decisions  of 
the  highest  courts  of  the  various  States  and 
annotations  thereon,  digests,  etc. 

In  September,  1888,  he  came  to  Portland, 
and  was  first  connected  with  Williams  &  Wood, 
remaining  with  them  two  years.  He  then  en- 
tered the  office  of  Milton  W.  Smith  and  en- 
gaged in  a  general  practice.  He  enlisted  in 
Company  K,  First  Uegiuient,  ().  N.  G..  ia  Feb- 
ruary, 1891,  but  the  following  N^v^trber 
tendered  his  resignation  to  accept  the  arr^oint- 
ment  of  Assistant  Adj\itant-General  of  the 
State,  rank  of  Major,  npon  the  Staff  of  Govern- 
or Sylvester  Pennoyer. 


|NDREW  JACKSON  COFFEE,  Captain 
of  Company  I,  First  Regiment,  O.  N. 
G.,  is  a  native  son  of  the  Golden  State, 
born  in  Oakland,  January  13,  1801.  His  an- 
cestors were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  immediate  descendants  engaged 
in  planting.  Joshua  ('ofTee  was  an  officer  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  and  General  John  Cof- 
fee was  a  distinguished  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812;  he  was  General  Jackson's  most  trusted 
friend  and  lieutenant,  and  was  selected  to  make 
the  right  attack  upon  the  British,  wliich  resulted 
iij  that  memorable  hand-to-hand  combat  on  the 
night  of  December  23,  1814,  when    the  Ten- 


nesseeans  used  their  hunting-knives  in  place  of 
bayonets.  Colonel  Andrew  Jackson  Coti'ee,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  was  born  near  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  August  20,  1819.  In  1837  he  was 
appointed  a  cadet  at  West  Point,  but  afterward 
resigned  to  become  a  civil  engineer.  In  1846 
he  was  appointed  Paymaster  in  the  army,  and 
served  through  the  war  with  Mexico  to  the  bat- 
tle of  Ruena  Vista,  in  which  he  won  the  rank 
of  Major  with  the  brevet  of  Lieutenant-Colonel 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct.  After  the 
battle,  as  a  mark  of  especial  confidence  and  ap- 
preciation he  was  selected  to  carry  dispatches  to 
President  i'olk.  Thus  at  the  early  age  of 
twenty-nine  years  he  had  attained  distinction 
in  his  country's  service.  He  retained  his  posi- 
tion in  the  army,  serving  in  Te.\as  and  Loui- 
siana until  1853,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
on  the  Pacific  coast  with  headquarters  at  San 
Francisco.  In  July  of  1859  he  resigned  his 
position,  and  retired  to  civil  life.  He  was  one  of 
a  syndicate  to  acquire  almost  the  whole  of  the. 
present  site  of  Oakland,  but  misfortunes  came, 
and  he  lost  his  property.  He  was  married 
April  3,  1839,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Hntchings, 
of  Huntsville,  Alabama.  Captain  A.  J.  Coffee 
is  the  youngest 'of  the  family  of  five  children 
born  of  this  union.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Oakland,  and  San  Francisco, 
at  Urban  Academy,  and  Heald's  Business  College 
of  San  Francisco,  California.  He  then  took  up 
the  study  of  electricity,  and  in  1876  he  accepted 
a  position  as  salesman  and  assistant  electrician 
with  the  Electrical  Construction  «&  Mainte- 
nance Company  of  San  Francisco.  He  contin 
ued  his  studies,  and  the  following  year  he  en- 
tered the  einj)loy  of  the  American  District  Tele- 
graph Company  of  San  Francisco;  in  the  fall 
of  that  year  he  put  up  the  first  telephone  in  San 
Francisco  He  was  also  connected  with  the 
Bell  Telephone  ('ompany  and  the  Golden  Stock 
Telegraph  Company  until  October,  1880,  when 
became  to  Portland,  as  superintendent  of  the 
Portland  Telephone,  Telegraph  and  Electric 
Light  Company;  he  remained  with  this  corpo- 
ration until  1883,  when  he  became  electrician 
for  the  United  States  Electric  Light  and  power 
Company,  which  was  merged  into  the  Willam- 
ette Falls  Electric  Company.  In  1884  Cap- 
tain Coffee  was  appointed  city  electrician  of 
Portland,  Oregon,  and  has  charge  of  all  the  elec- 
tric works  of  the  city. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in  1882,  to 
Miss  Edith   Hinton,  who  died  in  Julv,  1889, 


m 
0 


•;I2 


IirSTOJiY    OF    OliKOON. 


leaving  oiio  son.  liiien  11.  He  was  married 
a  second  time  in  ;l\)rtliiiul,  October,  1890,  to 
Misa  Ella  L.  MutHuy,  of  ('alif'oriiia,  and  to  this 
union  one  child  has  i)een  l)i)rn,  Lenure. 

The  military  education  of  the  Ca|)tain  began 
in  San  Francisco,  in  1877,  during  tiie  Chinese 
riots;  he  joined  Company  15,  Volunteer  Citizens' 
oafety  Committee,  and  was  actively  engaged  in 
8U[)pre8sing  the  Mail  Dock  riot  and  other  dis- 
turbances about  the  city.  After  peace  was  re- 
stored, a  military  company  was  organized,  known 
as  Company  F,  Second  Infantry  Kegiinent,  ().  N. 
(t.,  he  was  mustered  in  April  3,  1878,  and  was 
an  active  member  until  leaving  the  city.  In 
1882,  he  with  two  others  organized  Company 
'G,"  First  liegimentO.  N.  G.  of  I'ortland,  Ore- 
gon and  which  soon  proved  the  banner  company 
by  meritorious  service  in  the  threatened  riots  of 
1885.  In  1887  he  was  elected  (-aptain  of  Com- 
pany I,  formerly  known  as  the  High  School  Ca- 
dets; this  company  was  organized  by  some  of  the 
older  pupils.  aTid  attracting  attention  by  their 
enthusiam,  they  received  encouragement  and 
assistance  from  Professor  Warren,  who  drilled 
them  to  a  degree  of  e.xcellence  and  perfectino 
not  attained.  After  the  resignation  of  Captain 
Warren,  Captain  Coffee  was  elected  to  the  same 
position  by  the  unanimous  voiceofthe  company; 
through  the  personal  efforts  of  Captain  Warren 
thi.i  company  was  admitted  as  Company  I,  First 
lit^giinent:  they  have  always  been  noted  for  their 
zeal  and  energy,  and  are  one  of  the  best  drilled 
companies  of  the  Regiment.  In  1890  Captain 
C'offee,  assisted  by  George  1'.  Frank,  I'olice 
Corninisaioner,  instituted  a  system  of  company 
drill  in  the  police  force  of  the  city,  and  have 
a('(|uired  so  high  a  degree  of  proticieney  that 
their  exhibitions  are  highly  commended,  and 
their  skill  in  maneuvers  would  do  credit  to  any 
company  of  the  National  Guards. 

tON.  CHARLES  B.  MOORES,  one  of  the 
enterprising  representative  men  of  Salem, 
was  born  at  Benton,  ocott  county,  Mis- 
souri, August  0,  1849,  a  son  of  the  Hon.  John 
H.  Moores,  deceased.  (See  sketch  of  John  H. 
Moores.)  He  came  across  the  plains  to  Oregon 
with  his  father  in  1852,  his  paternal  grandfather, 
Colonel  I.  R.  Moores.  being  the  leader  of  the 
company  (Further  mention  of  (/olonel  Moores 
is  made  in  the  biography  of  A.  N.    Moores.) 


Charles  B.  Moores  was  but  three  years  of  age 
when  the  family  arrived  in  Salem;  he  is  one  of 
a  family  of  six,  and  was  given  the  best  educa- 
tional advantages  his  parents  could  afford;  ho 
attended  the  Willamette  University  and  took  a 
classical  course  at  that  institution;  he  was  grad- 
uated with  the  class  of  1870,  and  for  live  years 
afterward  was  employed  as  draughtsman  by  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railway  Company,  being 
located  at  Portland,  lie  then  spent  three  years 
in  the  East,  and  while  in  Washington  City  he 
took  a  course  in  the  business  college  of  H.  C. 
Spencer.  In  August,  1875,  he  went  to  Phila- 
delphia, and  took  a  course  of  lectures  in  the  law 
department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
In  October,  1876,  he  went  to  the  University  of 
Michigan,  and  was  gr.iduated  from  the  law  de- 
partment of  this  school.  Returning  to  Salem, 
Oregon,  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. In  1880  he  was  elected  Chief  Cleric  of 
the  House  oF  Representatives,  a  position  he  tilled 
with  marked  ability.  In  1882  he  became  private 
secretary  to  his  Excellency.  Governor  Moody, 
and  in  this  capacity  he  evinced  a  talent  for  his 
work,  and  very  superior  qnalifloations  for  diplo- 
matic negotiations.  He  remained  with  the  Gov- 
ernor during  his  term  of  ofHee. 

He  afterward  became  one  of  the  organizers  o£ 
the  Oregon  Land  Company,  which  corporation 
for  a  time  did  a  large  and  lucrative  business, 
aiding  greatly  in  the  improvement  and  settle- 
ment of  lands  in  the  vicinity  of  Salem;  he  as- 
sisted in  the  organization  or  the  Salem  Street 
Railway  Company,  he  was  also  one  of  the  organ- 
izers, and  is  now  a  stockholder  of  the  Union 
Title  Abstract  Company,  and  is  a  stockholder 
and  the  president  of  the  Capital  Lutnbering 
Company.  In  addition  to  these  interests  Mr. 
Moores  gives  especial  attention  to  horticulture, 
and  has  thirty  acres  immediately  adjoining  Sa- 
lem, set  apart  to  pears,  peaches  and  cherries 
with  a  large  acreage  devoted  to  berries  and  small 
fruits. 

He  was  uniteil  in  marriage  November  1, 1881, 
to  Miss  Sallie  E.  Chamberlin,  a  native  of  Michi- 
gan and  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Olive  Cham- 
berlin. Mrs.  Moores'  father  was  a  prominent 
business  man  of  Michigan,  and  in  1857  he  emi- 
grated to  Oregon,  where  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  life;  his  death  occurred  in  1887.  Mr.  and 
Mrs  Moores  have  had  born  to  them  four  chil- 
dren: Gertrude  E.,  Merill  B.,  Gordon  C,  and 
Chester  A. 

Politically  Mr.  Moores  affiliates  with  the  Re- 


BISTORT    OF    OHEOON. 


633 


publican  party,  wliich  ho  lias  rendered  valuable 
aid  in  many  conventions.  In  1880  lie  was  edi- 
tor of  the  Oregon  Statesnian  during  the  cam- 
paign, and  was  very  siicceBsfiil  in  that  depart- 
ment, lie  takes  an  interest  in  educational 
afTairs,  and  for  years  has  been  a  member  and 
officer  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of  Willamette 
University.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().  O.  F., 
having  passed  all  the  chairs  of  the  order,  and 
represented  his  lodge  in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the 
State.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Common  Coun- 
cil of  Salem.  He  has  always  been  loyal  to  home 
enterprise  and  home  interests,  and  has  won  tlie 
highest  regard  of  all  classes  of  citizens. 


'^'-^■^ 

tONORARLE  JOHN  H.  MOOIIES,  de- 
ceased, came  to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  his  life,  was  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  history  of  the  State 
and  the  city  of  Salem.  He  was  of  Scotch- Irish 
ancestry,  his  forefathers  emigrating  to  America 
more  than  a  century  ago.  His  parents,  Colonel 
Isaac  R.  and  Jane  (Alexander)  Moores,  reared 
a  family  of  five  children,  of  whom  none  survive. 
He  WHS  born  at  Hnntsville,  Alabama,  in  Law- 
rence county,  June  21,  1821;  when  he  was  three 
years  old  his  fatlier  removed  to  Danville,  Illi- 
nois, and  there  he  grew  to  maturity.  He  after- 
ward went  to  Benton,  Missouri,  and  was  engaged 
in  merchandising  for  several  years.  In  1847 
he  returned  to  Danville,  Illinois,  and  there  was 
married  to  Miss  Virginia  Lamon,  a  native  of 
Virginia  and  a  daughter  of  John  and  Rachel 
Lamon,  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  In  1851  Mr. 
Moores  disjiosed  of  his  property  in  Missouri  and 
returned  to  Illinois;  there  he  deoided  tocome  to 
tiie  Paeitie  coast  with  his  father;  they  organized 
a  company  in  1852,  and  in  March  of  that  year 
they  started  on  the  long  and  weary  journey 
across  the  plains;  they  reached  the  Dalles  late 
in  the  autumn,  and  from  that  place  made  their 
way  down  the  Columbia  river  to  Portland,  where 
they  arrived  in  December,  1852.  In  March, 
1853,  Mr.  Moores  came  to  Salem  and  embarked 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  which  he  continued  for 
years;  later  in  life  he  made  large  investments 
in  Houring  mills Siid  in  lumber  interests.  His 
death  occurred  December  IH,  1880. 

Duritig  the  civil  war  he  stanchly  supported 
the  L'^nion,  rendering  efHcient  service  to  the 
Sanitary  Commission.     For  several  years,  dur- 


ing his  early  residence  in  Salem,  he  was  Post- 
master of  the  place  and  for  a  long  period  was 
Treasurer  of  the  county;  he  was  Councihnaii, 
and  for  four  terms,  was  Mayor  of  ;he  city.  In 
1870  he  was  elected  Senator  from  Marion  county, 
in  which  otlice  he  served  four  years  and  the 
duties  of  which  be  performed  with  great  credit 
to  himself  and  the  entire  satisfaction  of  a  Re- 
publican constituency.  He  was  one  of  the  com- 
missioners who  secured  for  the  State  the  ground 
now  occupied  by  the  State  Penitentiary  and  the 
Insane  Asylum.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Oregon  State  Agricultural  Society,  and 
was  for  many  years  its  treasurer.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  public  and  private  educational 
institutions,  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  public  schools  of  Salem;  for 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  a  member 
and  officer  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of  the  Wil- 
lamette Univert-ity.  During  bis  latter  years  bo 
was  in  ill  health,  and  the  last  public  act  of  his 
life  was  to  cast  his  vote  for  Garfield  and  Arthur; 
this  duty  done  he  retired  to  his  home,  and  did 
not  leave  the  threshold  again  until  borne  to  his 
grave  by  the  hands  of  his  brothers  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  fraternity.  He  was  a  truly  loyal. citizen, 
and  in  his  relationship  as  husband  and  parent  he 
left  no  obligation  unfulfilled. 


EORGE  SOVERNS,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1852,  was  born  on  White  Woman  river, 
Coshocton  county,  Ohio,  December  4, 
182f3.  His  father,  Jesse  Soverns,  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  but  in  his  boyhood  was  taken  by  his 
parents  to  Ohio  and  was  there  reared  to  man- 
hood and  he  there  married  Miss  Eliza  Bailey. 
In  1832  tiiey  removed  to  Indiana  and  1837  to 
Tazewell  comity,  Illitiois,  where  they  followed 
farming. 

George  remained  with  his  parents  until  1850, 
when  he  married  Miss  Fanny  Holtoii,  and  in 
1852,  with  his  wife,  child,  father,  mother  and 
two  brothers  and  two  sisters,  set  out  with  ox 
teams  to  cross  the  plains  to  Oregon.  The 
journey  was  free  from  accident,  but  death  was 
a  frequent  occurrence,  and  the  first  victim  was 
the  infant  son  of  Mr.  Syverns,  and  but  two 
weeks  later  his  beloved  wife  followed,  both 
finding  lonely  graves  midst  Nature's  solitudes. 
They  were  obliged  to  press  forward,  and  while 
descending  the    Blue    mountain,  the    mother  of 


G34 


uisToar  OF  onjsooy. 


J\Irs.  S  jvo;:i:i  foil  and  broke  iier  leg  wliilo  jniiip- 
iiif^  from  II  wagon,  imd  this  resiiilted  in  lier  death 
soon  after  landing  in  IVirtland.  Mr.  Soverns, 
Sr.,  located  near  the  j)re6ent  site  of  Junction 
City,  while  his  son  engaged  in  whatever  he 
conld  find  to  do  about  the  valley,  cutting  wood 
and  harvesting  during  the  season.  In  185")  he 
went  to  the  Kogue  river  Indian  war  as  teams- 
ter for  his  company,  which  was  commanded  by 
(Ja|)taiM  A[atlock.  lieturidng  to  Lane  county 
in  1856  he  purciiased  436  acres  of  land  near 
Junction  City  and  began  farming,  and  subse- 
quently purchased  64(5  acres  on  Coarse  fork, 
and  extended  his  stock  I)usines8.  [le  continued 
the  latter  business  for  years.  In  1876  he  re- 
moved his  family  to  Eugene,  to  give  hiscidldren 
till!  advantage  of  the  education  afforded  by  the 
u'  iversity.  In  1878  he  returned  to  the  farm, 
but  returned  to  Eugene  again  in  1879  and 
practically  retired  from  active  lile,  leasing  his 
farm  and  enjoying  the  product  of  his  labors. 
lie  resides  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Olive 
streets. 

lie  was  married  for  the  second  time  in  1856 
to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Hlachley)  Tylor,  a  widow 
with  one  child,  Jane,  now  the  wife  of  JJernum 
S.  Ilyland,  a  prominent  farmer  south  of  the 
city  of  Junction.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Soverns  have 
had  four  children,  three  now  living:  Jesse,  now 
in  charge  of  the  farm  near  Junction  City; 
Ilulda,  now  deceased,  who-  married  Tlios. 
Cheshire,  and  left  one  child,  Clive  S!,  who 
lives  with  his  grandparents;  and  Fannie,  wife  of 
Albert  Jackson.  During  his  life  Mr.  Soverns 
has  commanded  the  respect  of  his  friends  and 
he  will  continue  to  do  so  as  long  as  he  lives  for 
his  many  tine  qualities,  both  in  business  and 
private  life. 


i»j=— 


-^^^^P®i 


1^  K.  MINES,  D.  D.,  the  youngest  of  twelve 
|MJ  children  of  James  and  Betsy  (Round) 
*^J|S  nines,  was  born  in  Herkimer  county. 
New  York,  in  1828.  His  ancestral  line,  on  his 
mother's  side,  is  clearly  traced  back  to  Edward 
1  of  New  England  through  Lawrence  Wilkin- 
son, from  whom  Mr.  llines  is  the  fourth  in  de- 
scent. His  own  grandfather,  Bertram  Bound, 
was  an  Ensign  and  Lieutenant  in  the  Revolution- 
ary war.  On  his  father's  side  he  is  a  descend- 
ant of  the  Hopkins  of  Rhode  Island,  and  of  the 
Churches  of    Massachusetts,  who    came    from 


England  in  Governor  Northrop's  fleet  in  1630 
and  landed  at  Plymouth.  It  will  thus  be  seen 
that  he  inherits  pioneer  blood. 

His  early  life  was  spent  in  Oswego  county, 
New  York,  to  which  his  family  emigrated  when 
he  was  "three  years  of  age.  Then  almost  liter- 
ally a  wilderness  that  region  afforded  him  very 
limited  schola  ''  advantages.  In  his  fourteenth 
year  he  was  f  drted,  and  before  he  was  si.\- 
tcen  he  was  1  .  ^ed  to  e.xhort  by  Rev.  William 
Peck,  an  oldei  i>.'other  of  Bishop  Peck.  Early 
in  bis  nineteenth  year  he  was  licensed  to  preach, 
and  soon  after,  removing  to  Western  New  York, 
lie  was  employed  as  a  supply  on  Edeti  circuit 
in  the  Genesee  (Conference  to  take  the  place  of 
Gilbert  De  la  Matyr,  whose  health  had  failed. 
When  just  twenty  he  was  admitted  into  the 
(Tenesee  Conference  on  trial.  In  that  confer- 
ence he  served  such  appointments  as  Wyoming, 
Pearl  street,  Buffalo,  and  Niagara  Falls. 

In  December,  1852,  ho  was  transferred  by 
Bishop  Waugh  to  the  Oregon  Conference,  and 
the  following  summer  crossed  the  plains  with 
an  ox  team,  reaching  Portland  October  3,  1853, 
to  which  charge  he  had  been  appointed  liy 
Bishop  Ames  at  the  first  session  of  the  Oregon 
Annual  Conference.  His  time  of  actual  service 
on  this  coast  has  been  thirty-nine  years;  eleven 
years  on  stations,  sixteen  as  Presiding  Elder, 
one  as  College  Agent,  eight  as  editor  of  the 
Pacific  Christian  Advocate,  and  three  as  Theo- 
logical Professor. 

As  Presiding. Elder  he  has  had  charge  of  all 
the  State  of  Washington,  nearly  all  of  Oregon 
and  Idaho,  and  his  travels  over  them  have  made 
him  more  widely  known,  personally,  without 
doubt,  than  any  other  minister  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest. 

He  represented  the  Thirteenth  General 
Conference  District  in  the  General  Missionary 
and  Church  Extension  Committees  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  from  1876  to  1880, 
and  on  the  resignation  of  J.  H.  Wilbur  from 
the  same  committees  in  1886  he  was  elected 
by  the  Board  of  Bishops  to  succeed  him,  tliue 
making  six  years'  service  therein. 

He  was  elected  by  the  General  Conference 
Comraiesion  on  Ecumenical  Conference  one  of 
the  seven  representatives  of  the  Fourteenth 
General  Conference  District  in  that  body,  and 
attended  its  sessions  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  from  its  opening  to  its  close. 

Dr.  Mines  estimates  his  travels  in  the  service 
of  the  church  on  this  coast  to  ha'  e  been  by  rail 


i^ 


UISTORY    OF    OllKduN. 


OST) 


and  Bteiiinlioat  75,000  miles,  by  stage  5,000 
niilew,  and  by  his  own  private  conveyHiiee  not 
less  than  100,000,  making  iiii  aggregate  of  180,- 
000  miles.  He  has  preached  about  fj,000  ser- 
mons, held  UOO  quarterly  meetings,  dedicated 
54  churches,  and  been  called  to  deliver  many 
memorial  ad<lresse8  of  pioneers,  both  preachers 
and  people. 

He  has  also  been  quite  active  in  political  life. 
During  the  days  of  secession  he  was  one  of  the 
standi  supporters  of  the  Union,  and  delivered 
the  first  political  speech  coming  from  any  min- 
ister on  the  coast.  He  was  president  of  the 
Territorial  Council  of  Washington,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature  during  the  sessions  of 
1864  and  18(50.  In  1876  he  was  a  Kepublican 
delegate  to  the  National  Convention  at  Cincin- 
nati, which  nominated  U.  B.  Hayes  for  president. 

Dr.  nines  was  married  at  Wyoming,  I>Jew 
York,  in  1852,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  J.  Graves,  a 
lady  endowed  with  the  true  Christian  spirit  and 
great  strength  of  character.  She  was  an  able 
helper  in  all  missionary  work, and  by  her  personal 
effort  and  enthusiasm  was  organized  the  Wo- 
man's Christian  Temperance  Union  of  Oregon, 
of  which  slie  was  the  first  president.  She  was 
well  and  favorably  known  throughout  the  State 
for  her  many  deeds  of  kindness  and  charity. 
She  was  called  to  her  last  rest  in  January,  1889, 
leaving  a  bereaved  husband  and  two  children, 
James  A.  and  Lua  A.  The  latter  is  now  the 
wife  of  C.  K.  Cranston.  The  Doctor  lives  with 
his  daughter  at  the  corner  of  East  Washington 
and  Seventeenth  ttreets,  Portland,  where  he 
built  a  handsome  residence  in  1884. 

As  trustee  he  has  had  a  close  connection 
with  the  Willamette  University  since  he  came 
to  the  State,  and  during  1890  and  1891  was 
Professor  of  Theology  in  that  institution.  In 
May.  1892,  he  was  a  delegate  from  the  Idaho 
Conference  to  the  General  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Omaha.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Hev- 
ulution,  and  is  Past  High  Priest  of  the  Chapter 
of  Koyal  Arch  JVlasons. 

Dr.  Ilines  is  now  one  of  the  honored  profess- 
ors of  the  theological  department  of  the  Port- 
land University.  His  forty-four  years  of  faith- 
ful Work  have  been  of  great  service  and  have 
been  marked  by  ability,  itidustry,  constancy, 
and  efiiciency.  His  capacity  for  hard  work  in 
both  study  and  field  has  supplemented  his  abil- 
ity in  the  pulpit  and  the  promise  of  his  early 
years  has  been  fulfilled.     The  wide  field  covered 


by  his  labors  and  the  variety  of  the  work  to 
which  he  has  been  called,  has  enabled  him,  to 
an  extent  given  to  but  few,  to  impress  himself 
for  good  on  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  afl'airs  of 
the  Empire  of  the  Northwest. 

He  is  still  vigorous  in  body  and  mind  and 
promises  to  do  work  equal  to  his  very  beet  for 
a  number  of  years  to  come. 

MOS  HOLMAN,  a  native  son  of  Oregon, 
was  born  in  Polk  (jounty,  April  13,  1849. 
His  father,  James  Hoi  man,  was  born  in 
1814,  in  Tennessee,  his  people  being  early 
settlers  in  Tennessee,  who  removed  to  Missouri. 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Howman,  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  born  in  1812.  Five  children  were 
born  to  them  and  with  these,  his  wife  and  a  few 
household  goods,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, with  oxen.  He  settled  on  a  donation 
claim  in  Polk  county,  on  the  Luckamntc,  where 
he  resided  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  January,  1880.  He  was  a  Democrat 
until  the  time  of  he  war,  but  then  became  a  Ke- 
publican. He  served  his  county  faithfully  as 
Sheriff  for  nine  years  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Territorial  and  State  Legislatures.  He 
was  a  faithful  member  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
enjoyed  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  commun- 
ity and  was  a  worthy  pioneer  of  (Jregon.  His 
wife  survived  him  three  years  and  died  March 
3,  1883,  aged  seventy-two.  She  was  an  excel- 
lent Christian  woman  ind  was  one  of  the  noble 
pioneers  of  Oregon.  Two  children  had  been 
born  to  them  in  Oregon :  Amos;  and  Mary  Ilulda, 
now  Mrs.  Eli  Crosley,  and  they  have  one  child. 
The  following  is  the  list  of  the  children  who 
crossed  the  plains:  Hardy,  resides  in  D.iKiu; 
John  died  in  1836;  Preston  lived  to  be  thirty- 
eight;  Nancy  married  James  Ward,  who  died  in 
her  forty-second  year,  leaving  six  children;  and 
Nathaniel  resides  at  Dallas  (see  sketch  of  same). 

The  son,  Amos,  h...  resided  on  the  donation 
claim,  a  part  of  which  he  now  owns,  all  his  life. 
He  was  educated  in  Monmouth  and  resided  at 
home  until  his  father's  death,  when  he  inherited 
sixty  acres  of  the  land  on  the  property.  He  lias- 
succeeded  by  honorable  industry  in  adding  to 
it  and  has  another  farm  adjoining,  on  which  he 
has  a  good  residence. 

He  was  marrie<l  November  22, 1868,  to  Caro- 
line Hodges,  native  of  lienton  county,  daughter 
of  Drury  Hodges,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1847 


o;i6 


aiSTOUr    OF    OHEOON. 


mid  Rt'ttlcrl  !i  (lonntion  claim,  on  wliicli  he  now 
rosidcH,  lit  Well's  Htiilion.  Mr.  ami  MrH.  iloliiian 
liavo  liiul  three  chililreii,  namely:  James,  died 
when  nix;  and  the  other  two,  (Iliarliii  and  Nellie 
May  reside  with  their  parentc  'Sin.  Ilolman 
is  a  meinher  of  the  Haptist  (Miiirch,  and  her 
husband  is  a  meinlxT  of  the  A.  ().  II.  W.  He 
is  a  liepuiilican,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  ^ood 
representatives  of  the  sons  and  dauirhters  of 
Oregon. 


fKOUGE  II.  DITKHAM,  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  able  nieinbers  of  the  bar 
of  the  State  of  Oregon,  was  born  in 
Springfield,  Illinois,  on  December  4,  1843. 
When  h(!  was  four  years  of  age  his  parents 
came  across  the  jilains  to  Oregon.  His  father, 
Albert  A.  Durham,  was  a  native  of  Genesco 
county,  iNew  York,  and  his  gra.  U'atlier,  Silas 
Durham,  was  a  nativi  (;f  ilassachusetts,  his 
aiicesters  having  canu^  trom  D'uhum,  England, 
and  settled  in  the  (Juiony  of  iviassaclnisetts. 
From  there  they  spread  iiortli  and  south.  Both 
of  these  branches  participated  in  the  Revolu- 
foiiary  struggle  for  independence,  from  the 
northern  branch  of  which  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  descunded.  His  father  married  Miss 
Miranda  A.  Wliite,  a  native  of  St.  Lawrence 
county,  New  York.  They  had  four  children, 
three  of  whom  are  still  living.  The  family, 
later  on,  removed  to  tlio  Western  Ueserve  in 
Ohio,  and  thence  to  Springfield,  Illinois,  in 
which  place  they  had  as  neighbora  for  many 
years  the  illustrious  President  Lincoln  and  re- 
nowned (ieneral  John  A.  Logan.  In  1850,  af- 
ter arriving  in  Oregon,  they  settled  on  a  do- 
nation claim,  where  the  town  of  Oswego  now 
stands.  Two  years  later,  in  1841).  the  father 
went  to  the  irold  mines  in  California,  where  he 
was  successful,  and  where  he  remained  a 
year,  returning  to  Oregon  by  water  on 
the  Undine,  bringing  with  him  his  bag  of 
gold  dust.  They  were  shipwrecked  on  Shoal- 
water  bay,  but  escaped  safely  with  their  ef- 
fects, and  on  his  return,  built  a  large  sawmill, 
becoming  one  of  the  leading  lumbermen  of  the 
Northwest.  He  built  one  of  the  finest  houses 
in  the  county  and  became  the  owner  of  sevoral 
ships.  He  continued  in  business  until  1862, 
when  he  sold  out,  and  located  on  a  farm  ten 
miles  south  of  Portland,  where  he  still  lives  in 


pursuits.  Ho 
was  at  one  time  :i  member  of  tlie  Territorial 
iiegislature;  was  a  stanch  iiepublican,  and  dur- 
ing the  war  was  as  rtrin  as  a  rock  for  the  Union. 
While  the  family  resided  in  Oswego,  our  sub- 
ject attended  the  public  schools,  and  in  1858 
was  sent  to  the  Willamette  University,  where 
1.0  was  when  the  war  broke  out,  when  he,  with 
others  of  the  students,  enlisted  in  Company  15, 
First  Oregon  (,'avalry.  The  regiment  was  or- 
ganized at  the  instigation  of  General  Baker, 
with  the  desire  to  show  the  South  that  Oregon 
could  furnish  as  good  cavalry  as  any  they  could 
j)roiluce,  anil  the  regiment  was  enlL-^t-ed  to  go 
to  the  front;  after  they  were  mustered  in,  tliey 
\>i!re  sent  to  fight  the  Indians.  General  Haker 
was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Ball's  Hliifi",  after 
which  they  made  application  to  the  President 
to  have  the  conditions  of  tli<.-ir  enlistment  com- 
plied with;  but  his  reply  was,  that  they  were  not 
needed,  and  they  were  better  fitted  for  the  serv- 
ice in  which  they  were  engaged  than  any 
regiment  he  could  send,  and  there  would  bj 
the  e.xpensc  of  removal  for  both  regiments, 
and  hoped  tluty  would  see  the  I'orco-of  his 
reasons  for  continuing  tliein  wiiere  they  were. 
Their  regiment  was  one  of  the  many  splendid 
comjianies  that  participated  in  the  great  war. 
On  being  mustered  out  of  the  service,  ho  en- 
tered the  Pacific  "University  at  Forest  Grove, 
graduating  from  that  institution  with  honor  with 
the  class  of  1860.  He  then  taught  school,  and 
began  the  study  of  law.  Later  he  entered  the 
office  of  Hon.  Lansing  Stout,  being  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1869,  after  which  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Portland.  In  1871  ho  was  ap- 
pointed Register  in  Bankruptcy,  by  the  Dis- 
trict Court  of  the  United  States;  and  in  1872 
he  was  nominated  by  the  Repulilican  i)arty  for 
the  office  of  District  Attorney  of  the  Fourth 
Judicial  District,  to  which  position  he  was 
elected.  After  serving  for  two  years,  his  part- 
ner, H.  Y.  Thompson,  was  elected  to  the  posi- 
tion. Mr.  Durham  continued  his  law  practice, 
meeting  with  marked  success,  until  1882,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  the  United  States  Judge 
as  Master  in  Chancery  of  the  United  Slates 
Court,  which  position  he  still  holds.  Mr.  Dur- 
ham is  interested  in  several  of  the  business  en- 
terprises of  Portland,  having  been  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  first  motor  lincj  running  out 
of  the  city  of  Portland.  He  was  also  instru- 
mental iti  starting  the  Commercial  National 
Bank  of  Portland,  and  was  previously  connected 


nisronr  of  oreoos. 


{Yit 


with  the  Portland  Saviiiffs  Hunk,  and  in  ntill  a 
(liroctor  of  ami  attorney  foi'  liofli  hunks;  hixtidcB 
which  he  i«  inturcstud  in  a  niinihur  of  other 
corporatioiiH.  lie  aUo  intcreBtH  liiinKclf  in  the 
sueceen  of  the  Kepnhliean  [larty,  liavinj;  nerved 
as  (!liairnnin  of  tlio  Ucpnbliuaii  County  Com- 
mittee; and. was  altio  a*ineml)er  of  the  linilding 
committee,  which  hiiilt  the  Portland  Savings 
Hank  Hlock. 

In  18t)0  Mr.  Diirha.n  was  married  to  Miss 
S.  E.  Clark,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  daughter  of 
liev.  Harvey  Clark,  who  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  this  country  as  a  Congregational  mis- 
sionary, and  who  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
I'acitic  University  of  Forest  Gvove.  M'.*.  and 
Mrs.  Durham  have  four  children,  all  i>orn  in 
Portland.  Their  dauj^htor.  Nellie,  i-  now  Mrs. 
II.  (i.  Piatt;  the  other  childreM  are  Mary, 
George  (Mark  and  Margery. 

Mr.  Durham  is  (Iraml  Trustee  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  W.,  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  Mason- 
ic fraternity,  of  both  the  Commandery  and  the 
Mystic  Siirine.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  It.  The  law  firms  of  which  he  was  a 
member  comprised  some  of  the  most  prominent 
and  representative  practitioners  at  the  bar  of 
this  State,  viz.,  Messrs.  Williams.  ''"".1,  Thom])- 
son  and  Mays. 

>  .-'^  i..t.,i  ".« (     i:     1. 

[ILDEN  PEAUCIlAMPcame  to  Oregon 
in  1852,  and  is  a  native  of  Illinois,  born 
on  July  4,  1826.  His  father,  John  Heau- 
champ,  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Thomas,  were 
both  from  North  Carolitia.  Mr.  Heauchamp  is 
is  tb.e  only  surviverof  a  family  of  nine  children. 
He  was  left  an  orphan  when  but  five  years  of 
age,  and  when  seven  began  to  support  himself. 
When  he  was  eleven  he  was  bound  out  to  Isaac 
Criss,  with  whom  he  lived  till  he  became  of  age. 
He  then  received  forty  acres  of  land  in  Clark 
county,  Illinois,  and  on  this  little  property  he 
built  a  little  cabin.  He  married  Jane  Francis, 
and  they  had  three  children,  the  youngest  was 
two  weeks  old  when  they  started  out  to  cross 
the  plains,  April  5,  1852.  They  bought  a 
wagon  and  three  yoke  of  oxen  and  went  with  a 
company,  Mr.  Criss  being  one  of  the  party. 
On  the  journey  Mr.  Criss  died  at  Scott's  Bluff 
with  the  cholera,  which  was  brought  up  by  the 
Southern  emigrants,  and  which  raged  for  a  dis- 
tance of  100  iniles.     They  could   see  from   ten 

40 


to  thirty  being  buried  i>very  day  for  the  wolves 
to  ilig  up  and  devour,  as  very  few  of  the  emi- 
grants had  tools  with  which  to  dig  a  grave. 
They  wen*  six  months  making  the  trip  across 
the  plains,  and  the  hardest  portion  was  across 
the  desert  from  Sandy  to  (Jreen  river,  witliout 
water  or  grass.  Mr.  Hea\ichainp  saw  a  boy 
crying  and  said  to  him,  "What's  the  matter 
with  yon?''  He  said,  "I  lost  my  father  yester- 
day find  my  mother  to-day,  and  I  am  alone  in 
the  world,  with  seven  small  children  to  make  tiio 
rest   of   the  journey  with  and  to  care  for." 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  neauchamp  and  their  three 
little  ones  made  a  safe  journey  across  the  plains. 
Only  one  of  the  children  who  crossed  the  plains 
is  now  living:  Henry  R.  lived  to  be  twenty- 
three,  years  of  ago;  Mary  M.,  married  Nir. 
.Fackson  and  died  in  her  fortieth  year;  Sarah 
J.,  married  Mr.  Dcdman,  and  they  are  living 
on  the  upper  John  Day  river  in  eastern  Oregon, 
where  tliey  are  in  the  stock  business.  Mr. 
Heauchamp  took  a  donation  claim  near  ilills- 
boro  and  ouilt  a  log  cabin  on  the  property  and 
resided  there  eight  years.  Wishing  to  work  at 
his  trade,  that  of  carpenter,  he  sold  the  land  and 
went  to  Hillsboro,  purchased  property  and  for 
the  past  twenty-five  years  has  been  engaged  in 
the  carpenter  business.  He  has  done  a  good 
deal  of  building.  Six  children  have  been  added 
to  the  family  in  Oregon:  Frank  died  when  he 
was  thirty;  William,  who  is  a  farmer  at  Gas- 
ton; Helen,  now  Mrs.  John  Northrop,  of  Hills- 
boro; Nancy  Elizabeth,  now  Mrs.  John  E.  Zim- 
merman, a  farmer  of  Washington  county;  Anna 
Eliza,  now  Mrs.  Henry  Hahrens,  of  Hillsboro; 
and  the  youngest  son,  John,  is  single.  Mr. 
Beauchamp  has  been  a  strong  Kepublican  since 
the  organization  of  the  party,  and  lie  has  been 
an  industrious  man,  and  has  much  valuable 
property  in  Hillsboro  and  a  good  home  of  his 
own  building.  He  is  a  iiiember  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Church.  They  are  worthy 
pioneers  and  they  have  the  good  esteem  of  all 
their  friends  and  fellow-pioneers. 

jEORGE  THING,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852,  and  a  retired  merchant  residing  at 
Reedville,  Oregon,  was  born  at  Kennebec, 
Maine,  December  4,  1824.  His  ancestors  were 
early  settlers   of  tl»e  State  of  Mai"e,  and  both 


(ins 


llItiTOItY    OF    OHKOOy. 


¥»\ 


Iiis  fiitlier  niifl  ({rHiidfHtliep,  nalivett  of  tliHt  State 
liuil  till'  Hiiiiif  iiitini-,  Levi  'I'liiii^.  IIIh  t'litlii'l' 
iinirriiHi  Minn  Mary  Mui'tiii,  ii  native  nf  New 
IlainpAliiiT,  and  tliey  liad  xix  cliildieii,  of  wlioiii 
tivo  arc  ulill  liviiij^. 

Tlu<  Kiiliji'ct  of  tliix  Hkot(rli  wax  reared  and 
elncatcd  in  tiie  I'ine  Tree  State.  In  185tJ  lie 
^ailed  for  ()re;;on,  l)y  way  of  ("ape  Horn  and 
San  Franeisco,  and  arrived  at  (►regon  tliat  fail 
lie  tiiok  his  donation  claiui  in  winit  \»  now  the 
Stale  of  Washinifton,  wliiTe  he  wan  iiidnstrioiis 
anil  prospered,  ami  where  he  resided  for  twenty- 
three  years. 

In  Fehrnary,  1X58,  he  married  Miss  Ktiiina 
('.  liozorth,  a  luvtive  of  Iowa,  and  the  dantjiiter 
of  Ki-qnire  and  Mollie  (Willis)  Mozortli.  Ken- 
tuckians.  They  enrne  to  ()re<;oii  in  1845.  Her 
father  died  at  Lewis  river  in  Oregon  when  in 
his  si.xty-fonrth  year,  and  her  uiother  snrvived 
Inni  three  years.  Mrs.  Thinf^f  is  the  yuiingest 
of  their  family  of  eleven  eliildren,  three  of 
whom  are  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thing 
have  also  had  eleven  children.  Three  died  in 
cliildliood.  Those  living  are  CharlcB  K..  of 
eastern  Oregon;  Lena,  who  married  John  Stew- 
art, and  resides  on  a  farm  in  Wt'shiiigton  eonnty; 
Horace  I).,  a  resident  of  Astoria;  and  llerliert 
(traiit,  George  Otis,  Ada  I?.,  Paul  and  Amy  at 
lionie. 

In  187fi  Mr  Thing  movetl  to  his  present 
home  in  Heedvilte.  This  place  had  jnst  started 
and  to  Mr.  Thing  lieloiigs  the  credit  of  starting 
the  first  store  in  the  town.  Here  for  ten  years 
lie  did  a  prosperons  Ini^iness,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  retired  with  a  competency.  Soon 
after  coming  to  Ueedville,  lie  pnrchased  300 
acres  of  land,  a  mile  from  the  town,  for  which 
he  paid  $9  per  acre,  and  in  1890  sold  it  for  S25 
per  acre.  Jlis  pleasant  home  he  bnilt  in  187(5, 
It  heiiig  one  of  the  hest  residences  in  the  town. 

Dnring  the  civil  war  Mr.  Thing  was  a  strong 
Union  man.  Politically,  he  is  a  Republican. 
Me  and  his  good  wife  are  among  the  most  highly 
esteemed  people  of  the  town  in  which  they  live. 

'^■^'^ 

j&NDREW    J.    WISE,  general  merchant  at 

Perrydale,    Oregon,    dates  his  first  arrival 

in   this   State   in   1847.     He  has  traveled 

extensively   and   his   life    has  been  an  eveiitfnl 

one.     Following  is  a  brief  outline  of  his  career: 

Andrew   J.   Wise   was    born    in  New  York, 


.Inly  25.  1828.  He  ig  of  German  anceatry,  hii« 
grandfather,  Josiah  Wise,  having  been  born  in 
Germany  and  liaving  emigrated  to  .America 
and  settled  in  I'onnsylvania,  where  Mr.  Wise's 
father,  P»»ter  Wise,  was  born.  Our  »ul)jt>ct's 
motlier  was  before  lier  marriage  Miss  Margaret 
Clark.  She  was  born  in  New  York,  daughter 
of  ilosiali  Clark,  a  native  of  Peniisylvania  and 
a  descendant  of  early  settlers  of  that  State.  Pe- 
ter Wise  and  his  wife  had  seven  children,  of 
wdiom  five  arc  now  living,  Andrew  .1.  being  the 
fourth  born. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  eliietiy 
in  Illinois,  to  which  place  the  family  had  nioveil, 
and  it  wan  in  his  yonng  manhood,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  that  he  came  to  Oregon,  lie  drove 
an  o.x  team  across  the  plains  for  Ids  brother- 
in-law.  Jesse  Walling,  Mrs.  Walling  and  another 
sister  coming  with  them.  They  made  a  safe 
journey,  but  were  considerably  annoyed  by 
having  their  cattle  stolen  by  the  Indians  at  Fort 
Hall  and  lliirnt  river.  Each  time,  however, 
they  succeeded  in  gettinc;  tnost  of  them  liack. 
Again  when  they  reacdied  the  Columbia  their 
stock  was  stolen,  and  this  time  thev  regained 
them  by  making  the  Indians  presente  of  sheets 
and  blankets.  Soon  after  their  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon Dr.  Whitman  and  others  were  murdered  by 
tiie  Indians,  and  Mr.  Wise  volunteered  his  serv- 
ices to  help  subdue  the  Hed  men  and  protect 
the  settlers,  but  wdien  he  reached  the  river  the 
boat  with  the  volunteers  had  gone;  so  he 
worked  for  the  Government  at  Oregon  City 
with  Steve  Meek,  killing  and  cutting  beef  for 
the  volunteers.  He  was  there  all  winter  and  saw 
the  Indians  hung  tliat  were  convicted  of  the 
murder.  He  then  came  to  Polk  county  and 
took  a  donation  claim  in  Spring  valley,  selling 
out  a  year  later  and  taking  another  donation 
claim.  September,  1848,  he  went  to  the  mines 
in  California  and  now  enjoys  relating  his  mining 
stories  around  his  fireside.  He  paid  as  hig  has 
a  dollar  a  pound  for  Chili  flour,  which  was  very 
wormy  at  that. 

Mr.  Wise  was  married  in  1859,  to  Miss 
Nancy  J.  McGrew,  a  native  of  Indiana  and 
a  daughter  of  A.  S.  McGrew.  In  that  same 
year  they  returned  East  and  located  in  Kansas. 
In  1862  ho  made  a  second  trip  across  the  plains 
to  Idaho,  tiiis  time  with  horses  and  mules;  came 
to  Polk  county,  Oregon,  and  wintered;  returned 
to  Boise  basin;  and  in  1303  went  back  across 
the  plains  and  settled  in  Knox  county,  Hlinois, 
where   he  engaged    in   raising   buildings  and 


lllsroiir    Oh'  DHKuns 


WW 


{: 


moving  lioiimttt.  Krctin  tliere  \w  wtMit  to  Mnti- 
iiiDUtli,  tliu  county  Hout  of  Witrritn  county,  hu(I 
wiiH  for  Home  tinii*  vm^{v^w\  in  tnercliaiKliitiiij^. 
Ill  187r>  lie  ruturiiud  to  Orcjfon.  ttjioiit  tlircn 
'uai-H  ill  I'olk  coiiiify,  seven  yearn  on  a  fiirMi  in 
Jiiiatilla  eoiinty,  ami  in  \HHt\  caiiu!  to  i'erry- 
tiale.  Here  liitt  HoiiHtarted  into  liusineHhi  in  tlii^ 
I'erryilale  general  inerclianiiiHe  stons  ami  our 
subject  iiai)  iieijied  liiiii  al'  iij{.  U.  L.  Keyt, 
Mr.  WiseV  Boii-iii-law,  \»  i  sHociated  witli  liin 
8011  in  tiic  Btore.  Tiiey  liavea  lar^e  and  well 
aN8orted  Htock  of  goodH,  are  doiiij»  a  tliriviiiir 
huainesn  and  also  keep  tlm  post  otKco.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wise  have  i  wo  daii|r|iter8  and  a  8011, 
namely:  Suttan  May,  wife  of  Albert  Plaiikin- 
tun;  Je««',  in  i>iisinerts;  and  Ellen,  wife  of  I).  L. 
Keyt.  Mr.  WIho  Iihr  been  prospered  in  his  va- 
riolic biiBiness  undertakingK,  and  \ti  now  conifort- 
bly  nituated  in  a  f>leasant  lioine  at  I'errydale. 
I'oliticiilly  ho  atiiliatcs  with  the  liepublican 
party. 


ITKPIIKN  BLANK,  has  the  honor  of  hav- 
ing  resided  in  the  city  of  Forest  Grove  for 
the  lonffest  oontinuous  space  of  time,  and 
as  such  mif^lit  truthfully  bo  styled  of  the  father 
of  the  municipality,  which  alike  reflect  honor 
on  each  other,  the  city  as  being  one  of  the  most 
beautiful,  and  the  citizen  as  cuinbining  all  that 
is  honorable  and  worthy  in  character. 

He  was  lx)rn  in  Locknort,  New  York,  Decem- 
ber 2fi,  1821).  His  father,  Jones  Blank,  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born  in 
1799.  The  ancestors  of  the  family  came  orig- 
inally from  the  fatherland  of  (lermany,  where 
thoy  were  well  and  favorably  known.  The 
father  married  Miss  Saloma  Moore,  also  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  they  had  eleven  cliildren, 
six  of  whom  are  now  living. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  fourth 
child,  and  attended  school  in  his  native  city  a 
little  during  the  winter,  later  learning  the  car- 
penters' trade  of  his  brother,  with  whom  he 
w^orked  for  some  time,  but  most  of  his  life  has 
been  devoted  to  fanning. 

In  1844  he  removed  to  Illinois,  going  through 
Chicago,  which  was  then  but  a  hamlet,  and 
near  which  Government  land  could  have  been 
had  for  the  asking.  He  located  on  a  farm  near 
St.  Charles,  Illinois,  remaining  there  for  eight 
years. 


lie  was  married  on  October  !',  IHuU,  to  Mis« 
Parthenii  .McMillen,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  u 
daughter  of  .loHfpli  and  Uiitli  .McMilleii,  highly 
res|»>cted  people  of  that  State.  She  was  a  must 
I'Htimable  young  lady,  and  was  one  of  two  twin 
sisters. 

Two  years  hit«;r,  in  1H52,  ho  and  his  wife 
crossed  the  |ilaiiis  with  oxen  to  Oregon,  experi- 
encing all  the  usual  vicissitudes  of  that  long 
and  perilous  journey.  There  were  sixteen 
wagons  in  tin*  train,  and  there  was  a  guard  kept 
all  of  the  time,  to  prevent  being  surprised  by 
tlie  Indians,  but  a  more  perilous  enemy  was  in 
their  midst,  in  the  form  of  cholera,  which  caiiseil 
the  death  of  one  of  the  company,  the  nst  happily 
surviving. 

Mrs.  Blank  and  wife  arrived  in  Ptirtlan<l  aliout 
the  middle  of  October.  He  remained  for  a 
short  time  at  the  Dalles,  in  order  to  j)roviile  for 
the  keeping  of  his  stock  there,  and  th<!  party 
agreed  to  wait  there  for  him.  When  tiiuy  ar- 
rive<l,  however,  they  claimed  that  all  of  his 
cattle  had  died,  but  he  thinks  they  were  stolen. 
He  recovered  only  one  cow,  which  he  took  out 
of  a  team.  She  bore  his  mark,  but  the  man 
who  WHS  driving  her,  said  he  would  prevent 
him  taking  her,  Imt  Mr.  Blank  took  her. 

Ho  came  to  Forest  (Jrove  in  October,  1852, 
where  lie  ])urchiised  three  acres  of  lanti,  which 
joined  the  corporation,  and  which  he  afterward 
platted,  laying  out  Walnut  .street  acro.s8  it.  Ho 
lias  from  tiina  to  time  added  to  the  original 
plat,  and  sold  the  lots,  and  has  also  erected  a 
number  of  substantial  buildings,  thus  aiding  in 
the  growth  of  the  city. 

He  at  first  worked  in  logging  camps,  and 
afterward  kept  a  grocery  and  u  meat  market, 
has  also  done  a  good  deal  of  teaming,  and  has 
for  years  boardea  a  number  of  the  college  stu- 
dents, thus  turning  his  hand  to  whatever  was 
convenient,  and  which  was  most  needed.  He 
has  also  frequently  worked  at  his  trade  of  car- 
pentry, and  has  always  done  his  own  painting. 
He  had  a  sash  and  door  factory  as  early  as  1858, 
which  he  continued  for  ten  years,  doing  at  the 
same  time  his  other  work.  He  is  a  stockholder 
in  the  Canning  Company,  as  well  as  in  the  Elec- 
tric Light  Company,  and  has  l)oen  eminently 
successful  in  everything  he  has  undertaken. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blank  uave  never  had  any  chil- 
dren of  their  own,  but  have  reared  three  to 
womanhood.  Two  of  these,  Mary  and  Emma 
Nichols,  were  the  daughters  of  James  Nichols, 
who  died  when  the  children  were  six  and  eight 


(14(1 


UISTOUV    OF    OBECON. 


years  of  age,  since  which  time  they  found  tender 
foster  parents  iii  Mr.  and  Mrs.  lilank.  Mary, 
l)ecaine  the  wife  of  Mr.  .1.  M.  Garrison.  She  is 
a  hidy  of  many  oharins  of  person  and  character, 
and  is  highly  esteemed  hy  all  who  know  her. 
She  has  a  nice  family.  Emma  was  agood  dauj;h- 
ter  and  hecame  the  wife  of  Mr.  Alien.  I'eside 
tliese,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  l>latik  took  Ida  Horner,  in 
her  third  year,  and  raised  her  to  womanhood. 
She  remained  with  them  nntil  twenty-three 
years  of  ago,  when  prompted  by  her  kindness  of 
heart,  she  went  to  take  care  of  her  aunt's  family, 
when  she  l>ecame  sick  and  died.  All  of  these 
eiiildren  were  always  treated  hy  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hlaiik  with  the  utmost  kindness,  as  if  tliey  were 
their  own,  and  while  the  children  were  with 
them,  they  were  patterns  of  obedience  and  good- 
ness. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hhink  are  still  in  good  health, 
a.id  enjoy  the  deserved  esteem  of  the  whole 
commnnity,  who  have  known  them  for  so  many 
years,  and  firmly  tested  their  worth. 


f  AMES  MADISON  BELCHER,  who 
formed  one  of  the  long  processions  of  emi- 
grants to  the  wilds  of  Oregon  in  1850,  was 
born  in  West  Virginia,  July  11.  1823.  His 
I)arents  were  John  and  Sarali  (Brown)  Belcher, 
i)oth  of  whom  were  worthy  natives  of  the  Old 
Dominion.  They  had  eight  children,  five  of 
whom  are  now  living. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  eldest  son, 
and  when  nine  years  of  age,  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Missouri,  then  a  new  and  sparsely 
settled  country.  Here  he  lived  until  he  removed 
to  Oregon. 

In  1844  ho  was  married  to  Miss  Margaret 
(Mirisman,  a  native  of  Virginia  and  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  Walker  (^hrisman,  an  esteemed  resident 
of  Missouri.  Two  children  were  born  in  Mis- 
souri, both  sons:  John  Walker  and  James 
William. 

Hearing  of  the  marvelous  advantages  of  cli- 
mate and  soil  to  he  found  in  ( )regon,  and  the 
large  grants  of  land  oftered  to  actual  settlers  hy 
the  (lovernment,  he,  like  many  other  adventur- 
ous spirits  of  the  day,  made  the  long  journey 
overland  to  test  for  himself  the  truth  of  these 
reports.  He  was  aecompanie<l,  in  the  long  trip 
across  the  ])lains,  hy  his  wife  and  children  and 
Ills  wife's  mother,  and  their  journey  was  a  safe 


one,  (Ditil  the  cholera  attacked  tliora.     At  ten 

o'clock  in  the  hiorninir,  their  eldest  son,  .lohn 
Walker,  was  taken  ill,  and  before  dark  that  day 
he  was  dead,  and  his  little  grave  was  made  on 
the  lonely  prairie.  His  wife's  mother  was  also 
attacked  by  tiiis  terrible  plague  and  died,  adding 
another  to  the  already  numerous  victims  of  this 
dreadful  sconrge.  Three  men  in  their  employ 
were  added  to  the  victims  of  this  terrible  dis- 
ease. All  of  these  were  buried  in  the  earth, 
without  coffins,  or  a  particle  of  pre|)aration  for 
burial,  and  no  pen  can  portray  the  sadness  of  the 
parents  as  they  pursued  their  lonely  way  across 
those  bleak  plains.  Along  the  road  were  many 
emigrants,  a  great  number  of  whom  were  sick 
and  dying,  and  suffering  and  despair  was  pictured 
on  every  face.  The  living  hastily  buried  the 
dead  and  pressed  forwarcj,  looking  back  and 
around  to  impress  on  their  memory  the  place 
where  they  had  laid  their  loved  ones.  A  little 
later,  Mrs.  Belcher  Jiad  mountain  fever  and  was 
in  poor  health  nearly  all  the  rest  of  the  journey, 
and  for  two  or  three  hnndred  miles  he  packed 
the  boy  on  horseback.  The  Indians  stole  a  few 
of  the  cattle,  but  aside  from  that  they  had  no 
trouble  with  them.  Five  months  were  con- 
sumed on  the  journey,  and  they  wintered  in  a 
little  vacant  house,  seven  miles  south  of  La  Fay- 
ette. That  was  a  severe  winter  and  there  was 
a  very  great  fall  of  snow,  and  they  suffered 
many  hardships  in  consequence. 

The  following  June  they  located  on  a  dona- 
tion claim,  consisting  of  u  section  of  land,  situ- 
ated ten  miles  south  of  La  Fayette,  on  the  Salem 
road.  This  claim  they  purchased  i>f  a  man  and  at 
once  began  pioneer  life  in  a  small,  cheap  house 
locatedon  it.  To  illustrate  the  unsettled  condition 
country  and  the  scarcity  of  all  articles  of  labor 
or  merchandise,  Mr.  Belcher  relates  that  lie  lost 
his  ax  on  the  journey  west,  and  was  unable  to 
purchase  another,  either  in  Salem  or  La  Fayette, 
and  was  finally  glad  to  buy  a  jioor  old  excuse 
for  one  from  some  man,  paying  for  it  !?2.5G. 

Mr.  Belcher  engaged  in  stock-raising,  and  in 
1858  took  a  drove  of  cattle  overland  to  Cali- 
fornia to  sell,  and  was  absent  fourteen  months. 
When  lie  returned  to  his  home  in  Oregon,  he 
remained  on  it  uninterruptedly  until  1864,  im- 
proving the  property  and  farming  the  land. 
He  then  purchased  land  in  La  l''ayette,  on  which 
he  built  a  large  and  comfortalile  home,  since 
when  he  has  been  engaged  in  merchandise  with 
Mr.  Hendricks.  After  doing  business  for  sev- 
eral years  with  ditferent  partners,  ho  dissolved 


n  I  STORY  oP  onnaon. 


041 


pai'triersliij)  and  coiitiiiiied  in  tlie  busiiiuss  for 
twelve  yeKi-s  alone,  meeting  with  merited  suc- 
cess, as  his  dealings  were  lionorable  and  his 
methods  liberal. 

In  March,  1874,  Iip  .etired  from  bnsiness  alto- 
gether, lie  still  retains  his  farm,  on  which  is 
produced  grain  and  stock,  and  it  i?  now  in  a 
good  location  with  relation  to  tlie  city,  and  has 
become  very  valuable  property. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Helcher  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren, only  two  of  whom  are  now  living:  Jaujos 
William,  died  August  2,  1862;  Charles  Thomas 
resides  in  Portland,  and  is  a  member  of  the  spe- 
cial police  force;  Einsia  Ann  died  when  almost 
two  years  of  age;  Affa  lielle  resides  at  home; 
Clarence  Walker  died  when  eleven  months  old. 

Mr.  Helcher  is  a  liberal  Democrat,  but  has 
given  politics  little  attention,  other  than  desir- 
ing the  elet'tion  of  good  men  to  office.  He  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  I.  (>.  ().  F.,  in  the 
welfare  of  which  he  takes  a  great  interest.  lie 
and  his  worthy  wife,  who  have  been  married 
for  forty-eight  years,  forty- two  of  wluch  have 
been  spent  in  Oregon,  are  esteemed  members  of" 
the  Metliodist  Church,  to  the  support  of  which 
they  have  always  contributed  liberally  of  their 
means  and  influence.  Sitiuited  in  a  pleasant 
liume,  surrounded  by  all  the  comforts  of  life 
they  risked  so  much  to  secure,  they  have  realized 
more  than  their  fondest  expectations.  All  of 
which  has  come  in  response  to  their  persistent 
efforts,  and  by  reason  of  the  larger  opportuni- 
ties afforded  by  the  glorious  commonwealth  of 
Oregon. 


fOIIN  HUOWN,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  184G, 
was  born  in  Knox  county,  Tennessee,  in 
1831.  His  parents,  Hugh  L.  and  Clarissa 
(Mrowning)  Hrown,  were  natives  of  Tennessee 
and  North  Carolina,  respectively.  In  1838 
they  emigrated  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  the 
I'latte  purchase,  Platte  county,  and  reclaimed 
and  improved  a  comfortable  home.  In  184() 
he  entered  into  partnership  with  James  Hlakely 
and  they  ])urchased  three  wagons  and  eight 
yoke  of  cattle  and  the  necessary  supplies,  and 
struck  (  ut  for  Oregon  among  the  first  emigrants 
of  that  season.  With  abundant  provisions  and 
good  feed  for  their  cattle,  their  journey  was 
comfortably  performed  and  they  landed  at  Fos- 
ter's tort  in  the  Willamette  valley,  September 


15,  184(5.  Mr.  IJrown  proceeded  up  the  valley 
and  located  his  donation  claim,  of  tJ40  acres, 
one  mile  east  of  the  present  town  of  i'rowns- 
ville,  and  began  farming.  A  few  years  later 
he  was  employed  by  llartless  &  St.  Clair  to 
conduct  a  little  store,  around  which  a  settle- 
ment sprung  up  and  by  mutual  consent  was 
called  Brownsville.  The  town  site  was  platted 
by  James  Blakely  about  1855,  when  Siessrs. 
Brown  &  Blakely  purchased  the  store  anil 
continued  the  business  tor  two  years,  when 
Blakeiy  retired  and  Mr.  Brown  continued  un- 
til 18G0.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Linn  Woolen  Mill  and  was  very  active  in  the 
management  until  it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  in 
1802.  His  eyesight  then  began  to  fail  and  he 
sold  his  farm  and  removed  to  Brownsville, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death,  January  23) 
1888,  aged  seventy-eight.  His  widow  still  sur- 
vives him,  aged  eighty-two  years.  Mr.  Brown 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Cayuse  war  and  rendered 
valuable  service  to  the  sparsely  settled  country. 
He  served  one  term  in  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture, two  terms  in  the  State  Legislature  and  as 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Conunissioners  of 
Liim  county.  He  was  very  prominent  in 
church  and  educational  work  and  was  the  able 
founder  of  a  prosperous  settlement. 

John  Brown  in. proved  the  limited  educa- 
tional advantages  in  Missouri  and  crossed  the 
plains  with  his  parents.  In  October,  1855, 
when  the  Kog'ie  river  Indians  arose  in  arms, 
he  volunteered  and  was  in  the  service  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  in  the  sumtner  of  1856.  In 
1857  he  began  trading  in  cattle,  but  remained 
with  his  parents  until  1803,  when  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Amelia  L.  Spaulding,  who  was  born 
in  the  Nez  Perces  country  at  theLapwai  Indian 
Mission,  where  her  father.  Rev.  II.  H.  opaul- 
ding,  was  then  stationed  as  a  Presbyterian  mis- 
sionary, appointed  by  the  Board,  and  entering 
the  Held  in  183(5,  and  subsequently  settling  in 
Brownsville.  Mr.  Brown  purchased  408  acres 
of  land  from  Mr.  Spaulding,  one  mile  east  of 
Brownsville,  and  there  located  after  marriage 
and  engaged  in  farming  and  raising  stock,  which 
interests  ho  has  continued  to  the  present  day. 
In  1885  ho  built  his  haiulsome  and  spacious 
residence,  but  his  wife,  a  sufferer  of  many  years, 
enjoyed  it  but  a  brief  time,  as  she  died  in  No- 
vember, 1889,  leaving  two  children:  Loretta, 
wife  of  Alexander  Foster;  and  Malcolm  Earle. 
Mr.  Brown  wr.<j  a  member  of  the  flrst  woolen 
mill  enterprise,  in   1800,   and  was  one  of   the 


043 


niSTORT    OF    OlthJCON. 


Byiulicate  to  jtiircliase  the  Urowiisville  Woolen 
and  Flour  Mill  property  in  1889  and  to  organ- 
ize the  EB<(le  WooleTi  Mill  Company,  ot  wliicli 
lie  is  a  diret'tdr. 

Family  cares  and  illness  have  prevented  him 
from  engatfing  in  public  or  political  matterB, 
but  he  liolds  a  prominent  position  in  the  com- 
miiiiity  and   i.s  osteeuietl  by  all  who  know  him, 

fOllN  F.  COOK,  a  prominent  Yam  Hill 
eonnty  farmer  and  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852,  was  liorn  in  Tennessee,  January  22, 
1828.  His  father,  James  Cook,  was  a  native 
of  (Georgia,  born  February  11,  1786,  and  his 
grandfather,  Thomas  Cook,  was  a  captain  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution.  Mr.  Cook's  father  mar- 
ried Miss  Uhoda  Franklin,  a  native  of  Georgia, 
and  the  daughter  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier. 
They  reared  twelve  children  to  maturity,  but 
only  three  of  them  are  now  living. 

Mr.  Cook,  their  tenth  child  and  the  tuhject 
of  this  memoir,  was  brought  up  to  manhood  in 
his  native  State  and  before  coming  to  Oregon 
owned  a  small  farm.  Marcli  6,  1852,  he  started 
for  the  distant  West,  Oregon,  and  made  a  safe 
journey,  arriving  in  Oregon,  August  16.  The 
train  to  which  lie  belonged  led  the  emigration 
that  year,  and  it  was  fortunate  that  it  did  so,  as 
those  who  came  latei'  suffered  from  the  ravages 
of  the  cholera. 

After  remaining  a  month  at  Salem  Mr.  Cook 
came  to  Yam  llill  county  and  was  employed  on 
a  farm  near  the  point  now  occupied  by  McMinn- 
ville,  during  the  winter.  The  following  year 
he  went  to  ('alifornia  and  worked  in  the  mines 
at  Yreka,  making  fair  wages.  After  spending 
8  year  there  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  for  two 
years  worked  fu"  wages  in  Marion  county,  for 
$40  a  month.  lie  then  eame  to  Yam  Hill 
county  and  after  laboring  for  a  time  for  wages 
he  purchased  his  first  land  in  this  State,  320 
acres,  six  miles  southwest  of  McMinnville.  En- 
gaging in  grain  and  stock-raising  ho  prospered 
well,  and  as  opportunity  ofi'ered,  he,  from  twrie 
to  time,  added  to  his  lauded  estate  by  purchase 
until  he  had  1,200  acres,  which  he  still  owns. 
In  18^i7.  to  be  convenient  to  schools  and  college, 
he  bought  138  acres  of  land,  with  a  good  house, 
orchard,  etc.,  near  town,  wliere  he  has  since  re- 
sided and  made  further  improvements.  He  is 
still  in  active  nianagement  of  all  his  farms. 


December  11,  1860,  Mr.  Cook  married  Miss 
Esther  A.  I'rosser,  a  native  of  HUnois  and  the 
daughter  of  Henry  Prosser.  Her  family  crossed 
the  plains  to  this  State  in  1852,  wintered  at 
Fort  Hall  and  arrived  in  Oregon  during  tlie 
following  spring.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook's  chil- 
dren are:  Mary  Lucretia,  who  died  in  her  thir- 
ty-seventh year;  James  Henry,  who  lives  at  his 
parental  home,  and  is  a  graduate  of  the  Mc- 
Minnville C'oUege;  Rhoda  Angeline,  who  died 
in  her  third  year;  Wilber  ('owles  and  Alma 
FjSther  are  now  at  College;  Jolin  Roice  and 
Cora  Pearl  are  attending  the  pnblic  school. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cook  are  worthy  members  of 
the  Free  Methodist  Church.  Mr.  Cook  has 
been  a  Kepublican,  but  is  also  a  strong  temper- 
ance man  and  a  prohibitionist 

Such  is  the  story  of  a  pioneer  who  came  to 
Oregon  forty  years  ago  without  means,  other 
than  his  physical  and  moral  energies,  and  he 
has  acquired  a  fine  property. 


-Cj-*' 


«»?;-- 


fOSEFH  P.  TATE.  M.  D.,  deceased,  was 
born  in  Greene  county,  Ohio,  October  30, 
1822,  a  descendant  of  Scotch  ancestry. 
Left  an  orphan  in  childhood,  he  was  reared  by 
his  aunt.  As  soon  as  he  had  acquired  education 
sufficient  to  enable  him  to  teach,  he  did  so,  at 
the  same  time  continuing  his  studies  until  he 
had  completed  his  literary  courcie.  He  then 
took  up  the  study  of  medicine,  and  in  due  time 
graduated  at  the  Miami  University. 

Aiiout  1840  JJr.  Tate  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  (Carroll  county,  Indiana,  where  he 
remained  until  the  spring  of  1853.  At  that 
time  he  joined  the  tide  of  emigration  and 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  This  journey  was 
made  with  ox  teams  and  required  eight  month's, 
the  train  with  wliich  he  travele<l  landing  safe 
in     Albany,    Linn    county,  October  28,   1853. 

The  Doctor  at  once  established  himself  in 
yiractice  at  Albany,  and  in  May  of  the  following 
year  was  united  in  marriage  to  Eliza  J., 
daughter  of  John  Smith,  Mr.  Smith  and  his 
family  having  crossed  the  plaint,  to  Oregon  in 
the  same  company  with  which  Dr.  Tate  traveled. 

John  Smith  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
born  November  12,  1801.  When  a  boy  he 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  afterward  went  from  there 
to  Indiana,  where  he  was  married  in  1823  to 
Elizabeth  Evans.     Locating  in  Carroll  county, 


niSTOUY    OF    ORMG')N. 


Wi 


lie  followed  fanning  there  until  the  spring  of 
1853,  when  he  came  to  Oregon  ami  settled  on  a 
farm  near  Albany.  He  subsequently  moved  to 
town  and  followed  the  trade  of  carpenter.  Al- 
though very  inKrm,  he  is  still  living,  having 
reached  the  advanced  age  of  ninety  years.  His 
wife  died  July  19.  1889,  and  he  is  spending  the 
evening  of  his  life  with  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Tate. 
Dr.  Tate  was  one  of  the  most  successful  phy- 
sicians in  Albany  and  had  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice.  A  stanch  and  active  Kepublican,  ho 
represented  Linn  county  for  two  terms  in  *Jie 
State  Legislature.  In  the  winter  of  18''T-'78 
his  health  gave  way  and  after  an  illness  of  a 
few  months  he  was  called  to  his  last  home, 
June  14,  1878.  He  left  a  bereaved  wife,  two 
children, — Laufa  A.  and  John  T. — and  a  large 
circle  of  friends  to  mourn  their  loss.  His 
widow  and  daughter  reside  in  Albany.  John 
T.  is  a  dentist  in  Portland. 


^, 


^ 


W.  CORNELIUS;  M.  D.— The  ancestors 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  like  many 
I*  others  of  the  pioneers  of  Oregon,  were 
attracted  to  her  borders  by  the  liberal  land 
grants  which  were  made  by  the  Government  to 
actual  settlers.  It  is  this  fact  which  induced 
J^enjamin  Cornelius,  of  Jasper  county,  Mis- 
souri, to  undertake  that  long,  perilous  journey 
toward  the  setting  sun.  Making  the  necessary 
arrangements,  Benjamin  Cornelius,  with'  his 
wife  and  ten  children,  set  forth  on  April  2, 
1845,  for  Indepeudence,  the  general  rendezvous 
of  westornboutid  travelers.  There,  organizing 
their  train  of  thirty  wagons,  with  a  company  of 
about  250  persons,  under  the  captaincy  of  Law- 
rence Hall,  they  moved  westward,  arriving  at 
Fort  Hall,  without  i neon venie rice  or  serious 
trouiile.  Thence  they  proceeded  toward  Fort 
Boise,  before  reaching  which  point  their  minds 
were  changed,  and  they  undertook  a  most  haz- 
ardous diversion  of  route.  They  were  incited 
to  do  this  by  Stephen  Meek,  a  professed  trap 
per  from  the  Rocky  mountains  to  the  Pacific 
ocean,  who  suggested  a  ''cut-off,"  which  he  rep- 
resented to  be  much  shorter  than  the  old  route, 
and  pictured  in  glowing  colors  as  being  located 
through  a  beautiful  country,  where  grass  and 
water  abounded.  He  talked  so  plausibly  and 
was  apparently  so  familiar  with  the  route,  that 
a  portion  of  the  Hall  and  Totherow  companies. 


among  whom  were  the  Cornelius  and  McKinney 
families,  too!:  the  new  road,  and  clieerfully 
struck  off  south  of  the  Blue  mountains,  expect- 
ing soon  to  reach  the  Dalles.  It  was  not  long, 
however,  before  it  became  apparent  that  Meek 
knew  nothing  of  the  conr.try;  still  they  pressed 
forward,  when,  in  the  course  of  a  fortnight,  they 
found  themselves  in  a  dry  and  inhospitable  re- 
gion, with  rapidly  diminishing  supplies,  thin 
and  emaciated  figures,  with  sickness  and  death 
settling  upon  the  company.  For  a  while  they 
had  funerals  at  every  camp,  and  over  the  graves 
were  built  camp-tires,  which,  later,  were  driven 
across  by  teams  and  wagons,  to  deceive  the  In- 
dians as  to  the  resting-place  of  the  dead.  Thus- 
they  dragged  their  weary  way  along,  killing 
their  much-prized  cattle  to  supply  their  wants, 
until,  through  an  advance  party,  relief  was 
brought  to  them  from  the  Dalles,  where  they 
eventually  arrived,  much  reduced  in  numbers 
by  the  ravages  of  death.  The  succeeding  ad- 
ventures of  that  distressed  party  were  not  mem- 
orable. They  all  reached  Willamette,  where 
the  Cornelius  family  settled  (m  what  was  sub- 
sequently known  as  Cornelius  Plain,  in  Wash- 
ington county,  a  large  number  of  the  family 
being  adult  children,  who  each  pre-empted  land, 
took  up  a  large  tract  in  that  vicinity. 

Benjamin  Cornelius,  Jr.,  was  married,  on 
Cornelius  Plain,  in  1852,  to  Rtchel  McKinney, 
a  pioneer  of  1845,  and  a  member  of  the  Meek 
company.  They  lived  on  their  farm  until  1872, 
when  they  removed  to  Forest  Grove,  for  the 
purpose  of  educating  their  children;  and  there 
Mr.  Cornelius  conducted  a  speculative  and 
money-loaning  business,  until  his  death,  in  1881. 
He  left  a  widow,  who  still  survives,  and  three 
children. 

C.  W.  Cornelius  was  the  second  child,  and 
was  born  on  Cornelius  plain  in  1855.  He  se- 
cured an  academic  education  at  Pacific  Univer- 
sity at  Forest  Grove,  and  in  1879  began  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  Bailey,  of  Hills- 
boro.  He  also  attended  two  courses  at  the 
medical  depirtment  of  Willamette  University. 
He  then  discontinued  his  studies  for  a  time, 
going  in  1880  to  Spokane  Falls,  where  he  built 
a"  drug  store,  which  was  the  third  business 
house  ever  erected  in  the  town.  This  he  oper- 
ated for  about  eighteen  months,  when  he  re- 
turned  to  Portland,  where  he  continued  the 
drug  business  until  1886.  He  then  engaged  in 
business  in  San  Franciscj;  later,  trying  iniu- 
ing  in   soutliern   Oregon,    which    latter  under- 


044 


HISTORY    OF   OREGON. 


\\ 


v.  i 


taking  resulted  disastrously.  After  this  lie 
ii'turned  to  the  niodicai  (lepartment  of  the 
Oregon  State  University,  wiiere  lie  ifraduated 
in  ]\[arcli,  188!.t,  and  since  then  has  followed  his 
profession  in  Portland.  In  April,  1891,  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Dr.  II.  II.  Littlefield, 
who  has  been  a  practitioner  in  Oregon  for  up- 
ward of  twenty-three  years,  and  their  practice 
is  jreneral  in  medicine  and  i-urgery. 

Dr.  Cornelius  was  married  in  Portland,  in 
1S70.  to  Miss  Minnie  Canon,  an  estiin.il)le 
lady  and  a  native  or  Oregon.  She  is  a  di  ugh- 
ter  of  Sylvester  Canon,  a  widely  known  and 
highly  esteemed  Oregon  pioneer  of  18-l'J.  They 
have  no  children. 

The  Doctor  is  a  prominent  Mason,  a  Past 
District  Deputy  and  Noble  Grand,  1.  O.  O.  F. ; 
also  a  charter  member  and  Knight  of  the  Po- 
nevolent  Protective  Order  of  Elks;  Past  I'ro- 
pliet,  lied  Men  of  the  World;  a  member  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias  and  of  the  Ancient  Order 
of  United  Druids,  as  well  as  an  active  member 
of  the  State  Medical  Society. 

Few  men  in  Oregon  are  more  deservedly 
popular  than  Dr.  Cornelius,  who,  aside  from 
ills  high  social  connection  and  the  prominence 
of  his  family,  has  qualities  which  would  secure 
for  him,  unaided  by  any  outward  influence,  that 
esteem  of  his  fellow-ni>*n,  which  he  now  so  uni- 
versally enjoys. 


•-*=- 


fUDGE    DAVID    M.    ItlSDON.-Among 
those  who  blazed    a    path   in   Oregon,  and 
distinguished    themselves    as    worthy  de- 
■  sceiidants    of    the    Pilgrim    fathers    and    early 
American  colonists,  no  one   is   more   deserving 
of  mention  than  the  well-known  jurist  of  Ku 
gene,  Lane  county,  Judge  David  M.  liisdoii. 

This  gentleman  has  placed  a  continent  be- 
tween himself  and  the  place  of  his  birth,  which 
event  occurred  in  Fairtield,  Franklin  county, 
Vermont,  June  3.  1821.  His  father,  a  native 
of  New  Vork.  subse(juently  settled  in  Vermont, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  the  luinl)er 
business,  erecting  the  first  sawmill  in  Fairfii'M 
township.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Matteson, 
whose  maiden  name  was  Polly  Willmarth,  from 
Shaftesbury,  Vermont.  They  had  three  sonn 
and  one  daughter,  one  of  whom  was  the  subject 
of  this  sketch. 

David  M.  received  au  academic  education  at 


Bakerstield,  Vermont,  and  remained  with  hia 
parents  until  1815,  when  he  joined  the  west- 
ward tide  of  emigration,  going  to  Stark  county, 
Illinois,  where  he  began  teaching  school,  Iiut 
after  one  season  went  to  Peoria  and  commenced 
the  study  of  law  under  Hon.  II.  O.  Meriman. 
On  July  7,  1819,  he  was  admitted  to  practice 
ill  all  the  courts  of  Illinois,  and  settled  in  Tou- 
lon, (lold  was  discovered  in  California  in  Jan- 
uary, 1848,  and  created  widespread  excitement, 
thus  it  is  not  surprising  that  young  Mr.  Kisdon 
should  have  caught  the  infection,  and  that  in 
the  spring  of  1850  he  should  have  formed  one 
of  the  many  thousand  emigrants  to  the  Golden 
State.  lie  crossed  the  plains  and  engaged  in 
mining  at  Weaverville,  (Jalifornia,  where  he 
was  rewarded  with  very  good  success.  Not 
being  accustomed  to  roughing  it,  however,  he 
became  ill  and  left  the  mines,  taking  passage 
for  Oregon  on  a  sailing  vessel,  arriving  in  Port- 
land December  9,  1850.  Here  he  hired  an  In- 
dian to  take  him  in  a  canoe  to  Oregon  City,  at 
which  place  he  arrived  during  the  .session  of  the 
Legislature,  and  met  many  of  the  prominent 
men  of  the  Territory.  He  continued  his  travels 
up  the  valley,  and  arrived  in  Lane  county  Jan- 
uary t).  1851.  Iieing  so  well  jtleased  with  the 
fertility  of  the  hind  and  the  mild  climate,  he' 
located  a  donation  claim  adjoining  and  south  of 
that  of  I'-ugene  F.  Skinner.  On  this  he  built  a 
cabin,  which  was  the  nucleus  of  the  city  of  Eu- 
gene. Ho  was  the  first  resident  within  the  cor- 
porate limits  of  that  city  in  187(5,  since  which 
time  the  limits  have  been  extended,  taking  in 
the  original  residence  of  E.  F.  Skinner,  one  of 
the  proprietors,  and  making  him  the  first  resi- 
dent within  the  present  corporate  limits.  With 
Mr.  Skinner  he  established  a  meridian  line  from 
the  north  star,  for  the  survey  of  the  town.  In 
1851,  on  the  fiist  Monday  in  .lune,  Mr.  Kisdon 
was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature,  the 
polls  being  at  Mr.  Skinner's  house  in  !/ane 
county,  fifty-one  votes  representing  the  electors 
of  Lane  county  'lo  was  therefore  the  first 
Representative  elcjc'rd  from  that  county,  while 
A.  L.  Humphrey  v!n.t.  the  tirst  Councilman  (Sen- 
ator), rei)resenting  also  Benton  county.  In  the 
spring  of  1852  he  went  to  the  gold  niincs  at 
Jacksonville,  but  returned  in  the  fall  of  that 
year  to  Lane  county,  whence  he  went  to  Salem 
to  lobby  through  the  bill  locating  tlie  county 
seat  of  Lane  comity,  which  was  an  act  sub- 
mitting the  location  to  a  vote  of  the  electors  of 
the  county,  and  which  he  was  instrumental   in 


msTonr  of  oheoun. 


6-t') 


establishing  at  Eugene  City.  In  1853  lie  set- 
tled near  Irving,  where  he  toUowed  the  practice 
of  law  and  engaged  in  fanning  iind  stock- 
raising.  In  1857  he  returned  to  Kngene  City 
and  bought  his  present  property,  on  the  corner 
of  Seventh  and  High  streets,  which  was  the 
first  land  conveyed  by  deed  in  Lane  county,  and 
the  oak  tree  in  the  corner  of  his  lot  has  been 
the  base  of  city  surveys  and  boundaries.  After 
the  organization  of  the  county  seat,  Mr.  liisdoii 
was  appointed  County  Clerk,  and  started  the 
records  of  the  county.  He  then  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Eugene,  and  was 
elected  County  Judge  by  the  Tnion  party,  and 
served  four  years.  In  1877  he  went  to  Whit- 
man county,  Washington  Territory,  whence  he 
returned  in  1880  to  Eugene,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  lie  practiced  law  for  a  brief  period, 
after  which  he  retired  from  active  business,  and 
is  now  eng.'i'fed  in  looking  after  his  property 
interests,  whicii  cover  about  1,000  acres  in  Lane 
county,  Oregon,  and  Whitman  county,  Washing- 
ton, besides  valuable  residence  and  business 
property  in  Eugene  and  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  Lane  county,  Oc- 
tober 8,  1853,  to  Miss  I'auline  G.  Wright,  of 
Connecticut,  a  niece  of  A.  L.  Humphrey,  a 
well-known  pioneer  of  1840.  They  settled  in 
Lane  county,  from  which  place  the  Judge  was 
the  first  Representative  to  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature. They  have  two  children,  Augustus  D. 
and  Ella  Kisdon  Houghton. 

The  Judge  served  as  Superintendent  of  Schools 
in  the  early  establishment  of  Lane  county,  in 
which  capacity  he  guarded  the  educational  in- 
terests of  the  county  in  the  sale  of  the  school 
lands.  He  has  been  instrumental  in  the  form- 
ing and  enforcing  of  good  laws,  and  aided  in 
the  moral  and  material  advancement  of  his 
county  and  the  State  at  large,  and  justly  enjoys 
the  esteem  of  all  honorable  men. 

- — ^-^B--^ 

fC.  HAYEIl  is  a  native  son  of  the  Golden 
,  West,  born  in  Santa  Rosa,  California,  in 
o  1885.  His  father,  Anthony  J.  Bayer,  vvas 
a  native  of  Germany,  and  was  a  California 
pioneer  of  1850,  who  was  attracted  to  the  coast 
through  the  fabulous  tales  of  the  gold  excite- 
ment. Coming  by  water  and  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama  he  entered  the  mines,  which  he  fol- 
lowed assiduously  for  about  four  years,  and  en- 


joyed the  experience  of  njost  miners,  striking 
it  rich  one  day,  to  be  followed  by  a  day  of  dis- 
aster and  depression,  and  so  continuously,  with 
the  nps  and  downs,  his  patience  became  ex- 
hausted, and  he  purchased  a  large  raiicii  near 
Santa  Rosa,  and  engaged  in  the  stock  business. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Jane  Holmes,  of  .New  York. 
About  1855  he  sold  his  rancli  and  m  ';k  and  re- 
moved to  San  Francisco,  and  there  ojiotied  a 
bakery  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  con- 
fectionery, which  he  continued  until  1870,  when 
the  fell  destroycM-,  '•  Death,"'  visited  the  family 
and  removed  Mr.  and  Mr.  Rayer  and  the  eldest 
child,  leaving  only  J.  C.  Rayer  to  represent  the 
name. 

He  was  educated  at  the  Lincoln  school  and 
Ileald's  Business  College  in  San  Francisco,  and 
at  Brayton's  College  at  Oakland.  At  the  age 
<d'  Hfteen  years  he  entered  the  office  of  Conlan 
&  Roberts,  of  San  Francisco,  to  learn  the  trade 
of  working  sheet  mgtals,  cornices  and  rooting, 
continuing  with  the  firm  until  about  187tt, 
when  he  came  to  Portland  and  established  i)usi- 
ness  on  Third  street,  between  Elaine  and  Madi- 
son, With  l)Ut  ^300  capital  his  plant  was  but 
necessarily  small,  and  witii  no  influential  friends 
or  even  acquaintances  in  the  city,  his  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  business  was  the  best  friend 
and  capital.  Reginning  in  this  small  way,  do- 
ing much  of  the  work  himself,  he  made  his 
start,  but  by  activity,  perseverance  and  careful 
attention  to  his  business,  assistants  and  in- 
creased facilities  were  required,  and  he  soon 
became  the  representative  man  of  his  class  in 
the  city. 

In  1885  he  purchased  the  business  property, 
205  and  2(>7  Second  t^treet,  erected  buildiuiis 
u|)on  the  entire  lot,  and  has  emplbyeil  an  aver- 
age of  forty  men  continuously,  with  improved 
machinery  and  every  facility  to  manufacture 
roofing  and  cornice.  He  is  the  leading  manu- 
facturer, and  has  for  the  past  ten  years  per- 
formed all  the  large  contracts,  with  and  exten- 
sive trade  throughout  Oregon,  Washington, 
Idaho,  and  even  reaching  Alaska.  He  imports 
his  raw  material  direct  from  the  Eastern  manu- 
facturers, and  his  rooting  materials  direct  from 
Liverpool  by  sailing  vessel. 

He  was  nnirried  in  San  Francisco  in  1885,  to 
Miss  Henrietta  Staunch,  a  native  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland.  They  have  three  children:  Alice, 
Emma  and  Jo.seph.  The  family  reside  at  the 
corner  of  Seventh  and  Lincoln  streets,  wliich 
Mr.  Bayer  built  in  1888,     He  is  a  member  of 


wn^ 


646 


insrouY  OF  orbgon. 


V.  &  A.  M.,  Oregon  Commandery  of  K.  T., 
and  I.  O.  (1.  F.  He  organized  the  Hiiilders' 
Exclianfre  in  1889,  and  tor  two  years  served  as 
president;  also  a  member  of  the  Ciiamber  of 
Commerce  and  of  the  Portland  Indnstrial  Asso- 
ciation. Though  not  a  seeker  of  public  office, 
Mr.  Hayer  is  an  active  promoter  of  pnblic  im- 
provements, and  a  believer  in  the  future  of  his 
adoptfed  city. 

— -^^^Wr^^ 

[ELOS  D.  NEEll,  who  for  a  number  of 
years  has  been  j)roiuinently  identified  with 
the  architectural  interests  of  Portland, 
Oregon,  is  well  known  not  only  in  this  city  but 
also  throughout  other  towns  and  cities  of  the 
State.      A  resume  of  his  life  is  as  follows: 

Delos  D.  Xeer  was  born  in  Oharlotteviile, 
Schoharie  county,  New  York,  in  1847,  oldest  of 
the  seven  children  of  Charles  and  Ijevancha 
(Schermerhorn)  Neer,  natives  of  that  locality. 
Charles  Neer  operated  a  harness  and  wagon 
manufactory,  was  raised  on  a  farm,  and  spent  a 
great  deal  of  his  early  life  teachitig  school. 
Delos  U.  remained  at  home  attending  school 
until  1857,  when,  by  the  death  of  his  father, 
self-support  became  necessary,  and  he  found 
employment  at  farm  work,  turning  in  the  mere 
pittance  received  as  wages  to  his  mother  to  aid 
in  her  maintenance.  Thus  he  labored  in  sum- 
mer and  attended  school  in  winter  until  1804. 
At  that  time  he  enlisted  at  East  Worcester, 
New  York,  in  the  Third  New  York  Cavalry, 
and  was  forwarded  to  the  recruiting  rendezvous 


at   Hart's   Island,  where,  because   of  misplaced 

papei 

Iluiiilred  and  Thirty-third  New  Y'ork  Infantry, 


papers,  he    was    attached  to  Coinpa 


t  misplaced 
ny    K,  One 


Third  Brigade,  First  Division,  Nineteenth 
Army  Corps,  Department  of  the  Potomac,  under 
command  of  Gen.  Phil  Sheridan.  He  engaged  in 
the  campaign  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley  during 
18()4  and  1805,  and  after  the  war  closed  passed 
through  the  grand  review  at  Washington,  was 
discharged  at  Hart's  Island,  and  from  there 
started  home.  At  Albany  Mr.  Neer  chanced  to 
meet  his  old  emploj'er,  Mr.  Van  Benthusen, 
with  whom  he  immediately  engaged  for  the 
summer,  haying  and  harvesting. 

In  the  spring  of  18(57  he  was  employed  by 
Mr.  Ogden,  a  prominent  contractor  and  builder 
of  Ivirkwood,  New  York,  and  with  him  went  to 
Jersey  City,  New  Jersey.     There  he  received 


liis  initial  lessons  in  building,  construction  and 
drawing.  Taking  naturally  to  the  trade,  he 
acquired  such  proficiency,  that  in  the  spring  of 
1868  he  returned  to  Hinghainton,  fitted  himself 
with  tools,  and  began  work  as  journeyman  car- 
penter, which  he  followed  for  many  years. 

Mr.  Neer  was  married  near  Binghamton  in 
the  fall  of  1869,  to  Miss  Alfrelia  Collins,  a  native 
of  that  locality.  They  had  two  children, 
neither  of  whom  survived  infancy,  and  in  1873 
Mrs.  Neer  died. 

After  the  death  of  his  wife  Mr.  Neer  went  to 
Waverly,  New  York,  where  he  oontinned  con- 
tracting and  building,  and  where  he  was  also 
engageii  in  the  manufacture  of  doors  and  sashes. 
He  remained  there  until  the  spring  of  1875. 
At  that  time,  having  decided  to  visit  California, 
he  arrived  in  the  Golden  State  in  April.  He 
followed  his  trade  in  San  Francisco,  and  while 
there  was  employed  on  the  Hopkins'  mansion. 
In  February,  1879,  he  removed  to  Portland,  and 
about  this  time  conceived  the  idea  of  applying 
himself  to  architecture  as  a  profession.  This 
he  successfully  accomplished,  and  in  1880 
opened  an  office  in  East  Portland.  He  was 
chieHy  engaged  upon  dwelling  houses  until 
1882,  when  he  formed  a  copartnership  with 
John  Loromer,  and  their  office  was  removed  to 
Portland.  They  did  an  active  and  successful 
business  until  the  fall  of  1883,  when  the  part- 
nership was  dissolved.  Mr.  Neer  was  architect 
and  superintendent  of  construction  of  the  court- 
houses of  Clackamas,  Benton  and  Washington 
counties,  and  of  the  new  jail  for  Lane  county, 
this  State,  and  also  of  the  courthouse  at  Sno- 
homish, Washington,  besides  many  brick  build- 
ings, schools  and  residences  in  Portland,  and  a 
lar^re  part  of  the  brick  work  of  the  East  side. 
He  was  architect  of  the  Barr  Block,  which  is 
one  of  the  latest  imposing  business  blocks  of 
the  city. 

Mr.  Neer's  second  marriage  occurred  in  Oak- 
land, California,  in  October,  1877,  to  Miss  Kate 
L.  Saunders,  a  native  of  Missouri.  They  have 
three  children :  Helen  li.,  Harry  W.  and  Bessie  L. 

Mr.  Neer  is  deeply  interested  in  the  G.  A.  R., 
and  it  was  through  his  eflforts  that  Sumner 
Post,  No.  12,  was  organized  in  1881.  Ho  was 
eleced  the  first  Post  Commander.  For  two 
years  he  has  served  as  Inspector  for  the  De- 
partment of  Oregon,  and  for  the  same  length  of 
time  as  Assistant  Inspector  on  the  staff  of  the 
Commander-in-chief  of  National  Organization. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  for 


v> 


a  I  STORY    OF  oitmooN. 


B47 


eleven  years,  and  in  now  a  Past  (Chancellor  of 
Phalanx  Lodge,  No.  14,  K.  of  P.,  and  last,  hut 
not  least,  is  prominently  identified  with  Port- 
land Lodge,  No.  142,  H.  P.  ().  K.  The  subject 
of  this  eketch  is  tiioroughly  Oregonian,  having 
sworn  full  allegiance  to  the  State  of  his  adop- 
tion, and  it  as  trough  the  couihined  efforts  of 
such  men  that  Oregon  is  fast  coming  to  rank 
as  one  of  tiie  foremost  States  of  the  Union. 


^-#-H#-« 


jLONZO  GESNEIl,  City  Surveyor  for  the 
city  of  Salem,  is  a  native  of  Coles  county 
Illinois,  born  March  2,  1842.  ills  father, 
lieuben  A.  Gesner,  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
who  settled  in  Illinois  about  1834,  and  married 
Miss  Mary  V.  Hailey,  native  of  Kentucky.  In 
1845,  Mr.  Gesner,  wife  and  two  children 
crossed  the  great  plains  to  Oregon,  and  reach- 
ing the  IJalles,  found  no  road  over  the  Cascade 
mountains.  They  came  down  the  Columbia 
river  by  canoes  and  rafts,  guided  by  the  Indi- 
ans, and  then  by  keel-boats  down  the  Columbia 
river.  There  was  a  large  emigration  during  the 
year  1845,  because  of  the  anticipated  passage  of 
the  "  donation  act,"  giving  a  man  and  wife  each 
320  acres  of  land.  Mr.  Gesner  came  direct  to 
Marion  county,  and  settled  upon  640  acres, 
aix  miles  southeast  of  the  city  of  Salem,  and 
there  engaged  in  farming,  and  resided  there 
until  his  death  in  1888.  The  farm  is  still  held 
by  the  family,  undivided.  Mr.  Gesner  was  in 
the  western  country  eighteen  monchs  before  the 
first  letter  from  home  reached  them.  The  hard- 
ships were  very  great.  All  the  wearing  ap- 
parel was  of  h(yme  manufacture,  the  men  mak- 
ing clothes  from  buckskin,  shoes  from  cowhides, 
the  women  using  wagon  cloth  or  such  other  like 
material  as  could  be  procured  for  dresses.  There 
being  but  little  money  in  the  land,  wheat  was 
considered  legal  tender  at  %1  per  bushel.  In 
1852,  because  of  the  large  emigrations  wheat 
was  held  at  $5  per  bushel. 

Alonzo  Gesner  was  educated  at  Willamette 
University,  and  then  began  teaching  school, 
which  he  followed  for  one  year.  Then  prefer- 
ing  manual  labor  to  that  of  teaching  school 
he  began  cutting  cord  wood  and  earned  sufficient 
money  during  the  seiison  to  purchase  thirty 
acres  of  land  near  the  home  farm,  which  he 
still  owns.  In  1872  he  began  surveying 
with  Mr.  Wilkins  of  Lane  county,  and  during 


the  same  year  wa.s  elected  County  Surveyor,  and 
re-elected  in  1876-'78,  which  is  the  best  evi- 
dence iif  his  satisfactory  work,  lie  was  also 
engaged  in  the  survey  of  pnl.iic  lands  for  the 
United  States  Government.  In  1882,  in  part- 
nership with  General  Odell,  they  purchased  the 
Oregon  Statesnian,  and  continued  about  eight 
months,  when  Mr.  Gesner  sold  his  interest,  to 
.accept  the  appointment  by  I'resident  Arthur,  to 
the  position  of  Indian  Agent,  to  the  Warm 
Spring  Reservation.  He  held  the  office  for 
nJTieteen  months  until  the  change  to  the  Cleve- 
land administration.  lie  then  returned  to  his 
farm,  where  he  was  occupied  until  the  spring  of 
1889;  he  was  elected  City  Surveyor  by  the  City 
Council  of  Salem,  January,  1890,  and  re-elected 
January,  1891,  filling  the  office  two  terms. 

lie  has  served  nine  years  in  the  State  Militia, 
for  nearly  three  years  was  Captain  of  Company  I, 
Second  Regiment,  Oregon  National  Guards,  the 
headquarters  of  which  was  at  McCoy,  Oregon. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  in  1875,  to  Miss 
Rhoda  E.  Neal.  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  daugh- 
ter of  George  Neal  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1845. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  three  chil- 
dren:  Stella  P.,  Leroy  L.,  and  Khoda  M. 

Mr.  Gesner  is  a  member  of  Pacific  Lodge, 
No.  50.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and 
is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

— '^^M-^^^^ — 


ILLIAM  CAMPBELL,  of  McMinnville 
,,.„,|..  Oregon,  a  man  who,  by  his  own  in- 
I*"^5n  tellect  and  industry,  has  risen  to 
wealth  and  influence,  is  a  native  of  New  York 
State,  where  he  was  born  September  4,  1827. 
His  parents,  William  and  Grace  (Logan)  Camp- 
bell, were  natives  of  Scotland,  who  came  to 
America,  soon  after  their  marriage.  They  had 
eight  children,  only  two  of  whom  now  survive. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  State,  being  educated  at  the 
Eublic  schools,  and  learning,  when  grown,  the 
lacksmiths'  trade.  He  afterward  worked  at 
his  trade  in  (Jswego,  Lowell  and  other  places 
as  a  journeyman.  Having  by  this  time  lieard 
of  the  marvelous  opportunities  of  the  West  for 
men  of  ability  to  accumulate  a  competence  in  a 
short  time,  he  determined  to  go  West,  and  ac- 
cordingly, in  1855,  we  find  him  in  San  Francisco, 
He  formed  a  partnership  with  a  Mr.  Black  at 
Marysville,  California,  where  he  continued  for 


048 


Ills  four    OF    OUKGOX. 


«l 


^^i:; 


']'V 


■r  I 


two  years.  In  1858,  he  caiiio  to  lV)rtliiiul,  Ore- 
gon, luid  from  tliero  went  to  the  Friisor  river,  at 
tlie  time  of  the  gokl  excitement  in  tiiat  vicinity. 
Ijut  h\ter  returnetl  to  I'ortlanii,  from  where,  in 
September  of  that  year,  lie  ciime  to  Yam  Hill 
county.  lie  worked  for  a  short  time  at  La  Fay- 
ette, coming  in  November  of  the  same  year  to 
Me.Minnville,  which  had  at  that  time  only  one 
store  and  four  or  five  honses,  the  flouring; 
mill,  wliich  had  been  built  by  W.  T.  Newby; 
the  store  was  conducted  by  Solomon  J'erry. 
Mr.  Campbell  purchased  a  shop,  and  began  his 
business,  his  motto  being  good  work  and  prompt 
business  methods,  which  brought  him  an  abun- 
dance of  work  and  good  pay.  Me  was  so  suc- 
cessful, that  at  the  end  of  five  years,  he  built  a 
large  establishment,  and  commenced  to  manu- 
facture carriages  and  wagons,  and  is  credited 
with  being  the  pioneer  carriage- maker  of  AIc- 
^Minnviiie.  He  coutiinied  his  business  with 
untiring  energy,  and  invested  all  surplus  funds 
in  land,  both  in  the  city  and  in  the  surrounding 
county.  He  has  been  of  great  benefit  to  the 
city,  rendering  it  material  aid  on  .several  occa- 
sions, one  of  which  was  when  the  railroad  was 
l)uilt,  when  there  was  .Hii  effort  made  to  leave 
McMiunville  at  one  side,  but  Mr.  Campbell 
spared  no  time  or  trouble,  until  he  ha<l  over- 
come every  ilitHculty,  and  finally  secured  the 
road.  Tlie  result  has  been  the  continued 
growth  of  the  city,  and  its  appointment  as  the 
county  seat  of  Yam  Hill  county.  He  has  em- 
phasjjied  his  faith  in  the  future  prosperity  of 
the  city,  by  building  eight  substantial  business 
houses,  Ijcsides  several  comfortable  residences, 
including  his  own  commodious  and  beautiful 
home,  which  with  its  grounds  form  one  of  thp 
most  attractive  places  in  the  city.  He  now 
owns  three  farms,  one  of  120  acres,  another  of 
320,  while  he  has  still  another  of  400  acres. 
On  these,  he  is  conducting  farming,  stock-rais- 
ing and  dairying.  Hesides  these,  he  owns  a 
portion  of  the  J.  M.  Jones'  Addition  to  Mc- 
Miunville. He  is  one  of  tlie  founders,  and  a 
stockholder  and  director  of  the  McMinuville 
Natioiuil  l?auk,  and  has  been  since  its  com- 
incucement.  He  is  also  a  large  stockholder  in 
the  Creamery  and  t!old-storage  Company  of  this 
city. 

In  18(i2  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ellen  Ack- 
cry,  but  their  happy  union  was  destined  to  be 
of  short  duration,  for  after,  a  l)rief  year  of 
happy  tnarried  life,  his  beloved  wife  died,  and  a 
few  month.s  later   the  baby  also  died.      His  wife 


was  a  lady  of  intelligence,  and  many  charms 
of  person  and  character,  and  was  lamented  by 
a  large  circle  of  friends.  For  sixteen  years, 
Mr,  Catnpbell  remained  single,  when  on  April 
20,  1880,  lie  was  married  to  Miss  Hattie 
Laughery,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  a  daughter  of 
W,  .1,  Laughery,  a  most  estinnible  lady,  and 
fully  suited  to  be  an  interesting  companion  to  a 
man  of  ability.  They  have  two  promising  chil- 
dren, I'earl  I''uBia  and  William  Cliester. 

Mr,  Campbell  is  a  lifelong  Uepublican,  and 
an  ardent  worker  in  behalf  of  its  principles, 
which  have  always  appeared  to  him  to  be  com- 
mendable. He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  passed  all  the  chairs  of  that 
society. 

He  was  reared  a  J'resbyterian,  his  parents 
being  members  of  that  denomination,  but  has 
recently  joined  the  i^aptist  Church,  to  which 
his  wife  has  belonged  for  fifteen  years,  and  of 
which  she  is  the  accomplisiied  organist. 

His  conceded  ]>robity  has  reiulered  him  very 
popular  among  his  ''ellow-men,  while  his  kindly 
character  and  cordial  manners  have  tended  to 
euhnnce  the  esteem  excited  by  his  nprightness 
and  ability,  ami  he  is  most  worthy  of  the  tlat-_ 
tering  !'e;^r.rd  indulged  in    by   the   community. 


A  V  I  D  E  V  E  II  EST,  an  honored  Oregon 
])ioneer  of  1847,  an  Indian  war  veteran, 
.^  and  a  well-to-do  Yam  Hill  county  farmer, 
was  born  in  Kent,  England,  September  17, 1824, 
son  of  Richard  and  Jane  (Cole)  Everest,  both 
natives  of  Ilever  parish,  England.  In  1835, 
when  David  was  eleven  years  of  age,  the  family 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  aiul  settled  in 
Nevark,  Ohio.  From  there  they  moved  to 
AVashington  county,  Iowa,  where  the  fatlier  t(iok 
up  a  farm  and  where  they  resided  until  1847. 
That  year,  lured  by  the  mild  climate  of  Oregon 
and  the  Government's  otter  of  rich  lands  there, 
the  father  l)ronglit  his  family,  at  that  time  con- 
sisting of  his  wife  and  nine  children,  across  the 
plains  to  this  coast.  They  started  with  three 
■.vagons,  with  three  yoke  of  oxen  to  each,  and  also 
had  some  loose  stock  and  hor8(s,  and  the  train 
with  which  they  traveled  at  first  comiirised  100 
wagons.  As  the  journey  progressed,  however, 
they  divided  into  smaller  companies,  each  being 
composed  of  twenty  wagons.  They  made  the 
trip  in  anfe'^y,   their  only    trouble    being   with 


HISTORY    OF    OltKOON. 


fl4fl 


their  stock,  wliicli  was  easily  frij^iiteniM].  At 
one  time  their  oatthj  ran  away  witli  the  waj^ons, 
spilling;  tliiiiffs  out  at  a  lively  rate.  Tlie  suiell 
of  deal!  buffaloes  and  otiier  animals,  and  even 
tiie  snddeii  rnnniriji;  up  of  their  own  dogs  would 
frighten  their  teanis.  They  put  ropes  on  their 
leaders  and  led  them,  an<l  the  dogs  they  killed. 

Iteaehinji  Oregon,  they  first  stoppe<l  on  the 
opposite  side  of. the  river  from  Salem.  The 
father  then  selected  a  donation  claim  of  (540 
acres  in  the  Chehalein  valley,  and  that  fall  they 
established  themselves  in  a  little  log  cabin  on  it. 
The  parents  resided  here  the  rest  of  their  lives, 
working  hard  to  improve  their  farm,  and  hero 
the  mother  died  in  1887,  in  her  eighty-fifth 
year,  and  the  father  in  1888,  aged  eighty-si.x. 
They  were  Episcopalians,  .people  of  worth  and 
respectability,  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  them. 

Their  son  David,  when  he  arrived  at  the 
Cascade  mountains,  was  employed  in  helping  to 
build  a  road.  lie  reached  Oregon  City  before 
the  family,  and  there  worked  on  a  Hudson's  Bay 
hatteau  until  the  ninth  of  December.  While 
there. the  news  of  the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whitman 
reached  them  and  he  at  once  enlisted  liis  serv- 
ices to  protect  the  settlers  against  the  Indians. 
He  was  under  Captain  Lee.  At  Vancouver 
they  obtained  arms  and  supplies  and  with  three 
batteaus  and  a  canoe  transported  them  to  the 
Dalles.  Opposite  Wind  mountains  they  were 
detained  by  the  wind  until  the  last  day  of  the 
vear.  That  evening  the  wind  subsided  and  on 
the  following  day  they  arrived  at  the  Dalles. 
Here  they  landed,  built  fortifications,  and  had 
several  skirmishes  with  the  Indians.  In  Feb- 
ruary General  (Tillam  joined  them  with  re-en- 
forcements. They  went  to  Walla  Walla.  At 
Well  Springs  they  had  a  fight  with  the  Indians, 
which  lasted  the  most  of  two  days.  They  went 
up  the  Walla  Walla  river  to  Whitman's  Station, 
wiiere  they  found  the  bodies  of  murdered  set- 
tlers imperfectly  buried  and  partly  decomposed, 
and  they  buried  them  over  again.  They  then 
followed  the  Indians  up  until  they  had  them  in 
a  close  place,  and  when  thus  cornered  the  red 
men  pretended  to  be  friends  and  the  Peace 
Commissioner  prevented  their  being  fired  upon. 
The  soldiers  withdrew  and  before  they  had  gone 
more  than  two  miles  were  pursued  and  fired 
npon  by  the  Indians.  They  had  traveled  two 
days  without  provisions  and  were  obliged  to 
retire,  fighting  that  day  and  night  without  food. 
In  crossing  the  Tusha  river  they  lost  a  man  and 
had   several   wounded.     Two  days   later  they 


reached  Walla  Walla,  after  having  snU'ered  much 
from  hunger.  General  (iillam  then  returned 
with  his  command  to  the  valley.  Sixty  men 
volunteered  to  stay  at  Whitman's  Station,  ^Ir. 
Kverest  being  one  of  the  number,  and  of  this 
compaity  William  ilartain  was  elected  ('a|itain. 
They,  iiowever,  had  no  further  trouble  with  the 
Indians,  and  in  October,  after  the  last  train  of 
emigrants  had  arrived,  they  came  down  to  the 
valley. 

In  1841)  Mr.  Everest  went  to  the  mines  in 
California,  where  he  was  engaged  in  packing, 
mining  and  trading.  lie  mined  as  high  as  SdO 
in  a  day  for  several  days,  and  one  day  took 
out  a  nugget  worth  $80.  lie  continued  this 
business,  off  and  on,  from  1849  till  1855,  and 
also  had  a  trading  post  on  the  Trinity  river,  in 
the  mean  time  returning  several  times  to  Ore- 
gon. During  this  period  he  had  many  e.xciting 
experiences  and  narrow  escapes.  At  one  time 
seeing  a  bear  have  a  inaTi  down  anil  about  to 
kill  him,  Mr.  Everest  shot  and  killed  the  bear 
with  his  revolver. 

In  1855,  when  the  C-ros-ernment  agaiii  called 
for  volunteers  to  tight  the  Indians,  he  again 
tendered  his  services,  this  time  being  under 
command  of  Captain  Ilembree.  During  the 
campaign  they  ran  down  wild  cattle  and  shot 
them  from  their  horses.  In  this  Mr.  Everest 
proved  himself  an  expert,  shooting  them  while 
his  horse  was  on  a  full  run  in  pursuit  of  them. 
They  succeeded  in  running  the  Indians  out  of 
the  country  and  were  then  honorably  discharged. 

September  27,  1856,  Mr.  Everest  married 
Miss  Irena  Jones,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and  a 
daughter  of  William  Jones.     They   crossed  the 

Flains  in  the  same  train  with  Mr.  Everest,  Miss 
rena  being  then  only  seven  years  of  age.  Her 
father  took  his  donation  claim  near  that  of  Mr. 
Everest.  He  died  in  his  eighty-Hrst  year,  and 
his  wife  in  her  sixtieth.  After  their  marriage 
Mr.  Everest  purchased  KiO  acres  of  land,  and 
on  this  he  has  since  lived  and  prospered.  He 
has  since  acquired  other  lands  in  the  Chehalem 
valley,  and  has  also  purchased  seventeen  acres 
in  Newberg,  where  he  has  erected  buildings. 
Mr.  Everest's  fanning  operations  have  been  of  a 
general  character.  He  raises  wheat,  oats, 
choice  fruits,  etc.,  and  keeps  horses,  cattle  and 
sheep. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Everest  have  liad  eleven  chil- 
dren, two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  The  others 
are  as  follows:  Joseph,  a  merchant  at  Newl)erg; 
liichard,  who  resides  on  the  farm;  Alice  and 


650 


UlsrOUY    OF    OHKOON. 


Elln,  twiii«,  the  former  the  wife  of  Monroe 
Tdte,  of  I'orthiiid,  ami  the  latter  the  wife  of 
Fred  l,eiitkineyer;  Mit,  wife  of  Jiicoh  lliifjey; 
and  Stoiiewiill  .Iiickson,  (iraiulville  and  Daisy 
Irena,  at  homo.  Their  ^grandchildren  are 
thirteen  in  nil  in  her. 

Mr.  ['Everest's  {jolitical  views  are  in  liar'iiony 
with  Deinocratie  principles.  He  helped  to  or- 
ganize the  Granite  at  Xewherg.  A  man  of  the 
strictest  iuteii;rity,  hoiioral)le  and  upright  in  all 
the  walks  of  life,  he  is  eminently  de.serving  of 
the  Bucceas  he  has  attained.  Mrs.  Everest  is  a 
ineinlier  of  the  (31iristiaii  Church. 


^5j-t< 


><♦»=- 


8 'it 

11 


,j^()iN.  WILLIAM  GALLOWAY,  County 
.liidire  of  Vain  Hill  county,  arrived  in  this 
State  in  1862.  He  was  born  in  Dodge- 
viiie.  Wisconsin,  June  10, 1845,  of  Scotch-Irish 
ancestry,  who  were  early  settlers  in  Virginia. 
His  grandfather.  William  Galloway,  was  a 
patriot  who  participated  in  our  war  for  inde- 
pendence, serving  until  its  close  and  being 
present  at  the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis. 
He  lived  to  the  age  of  eighty-two  years.  His 
son,  Charles  Galloway,  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1798,  and  married  Miss  Mary  Heeney,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  horn  in  ISl-l,  and  they  had  eleven 
children;  two  died  young,  and  three  of  the  sons 
and  three  of  the  daughters  are  still  living.  In 
1852  the  parents  and  eight  children  emigrated 
to  this  State,  traveling  with  o.\  teams.  That 
l)eing  the  year  of  the  dreaded  cholera,  great  was 
the  fearand  mental  suffering  to  which  this  fam- 
ily were  subjected  on  the  route.  After  they 
had  traveled  three  days  one  of  their  beloved 
little  ones  died.  They  could  not  bear  the 
thought  of  Iturying  it  by  the  roadside  in  a  wild 
country,  so  the  father  made  a  little  coffin  and 
on  a  pillow  on  the  saddle  in  front  of  him  he 
took  the  precious  remains  on  horseback  to  a 
civilized  burying-ground,  and  hurried  back  to 
overtake  his  family.  Later  his  brother-in-law. 
Captain  Wiley,  was  attacked  by  the  cholera, 
but  the  train  whs  kept  moving  and  Mr.  Gallo- 
wav  and  Mrs.  Wiley  remained  back  to  care  for 
the'  sick  man,  and  so  inevitable  did  they  con- 
sider his  fate  that  they  had  the  foresight  to  re- 
tain with  them  a  shovel,  with  which  to  bury 
him.  A  few  hours  of  suffering,  with  no  help 
near  except  his  devoted  and  almost  frantic  wife 
and   Mr.    Galloway,  and    the  agony  was  over. 


Mr.  Galloway  kindly  dug  a  grave,  wrapped  the 
remains  in  the  U'd  of  the  deceased  and  laid  him 
carefully  down  in  the  grave,  into  which  the  lie 
roaved  and  crazed  wife  leaped,  and  Mr.  (iallo- 
way  had  to  hold  her  out  of  the  grave  with  one 
hand,  while  he  proceeded  to  cover  the  remains 
with  the  other.  She  was  so  exhausted  that  ho 
had  to  take  her  on  his  back  and  press  forward 
ifter  the  train.  These  two  instances  are  given 
merely  to  show  future  generations  to  what  des- 
perate straits  Asiatic  cholera  will  often  drive 
suti'ering  humanity,  and  what  peculiar  hard- 
ships they  who  were  journeying  to  the  far  dis- 
tant West  had  to  undergo.  Miit  even  these  sad 
recitals  give  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  frequent 
dilemmas  to  which  the  emigrants  were  sub- 
jected. 

Mr.  Galloway  and  his  family  were  seven 
months  on  the  journey,  arriving  at  Amity,  Yam 
Hill  county,  in  November,  when  the  ground 
was  covered  with  snow.  The  succeeding  winter 
proved  to  be  a  severe  one,  and  they  were  obliged 
to  see  their  wornout  cattle  die  of  hunger  and 
cold  until  there  were  left  only  one  yoke  of  oxen 
and  a  cow.  Soon  after  they  arrived  another 
little  one  was  added  to  the  family. 

They  settled  on  a  half  section  of  land  four 
miles  south  of  Amity.  Here  they  maiie  their 
home  until  1862,  when  Mr.  Galloway  sold  out 
and  went  to  the  mines  at  Florence  for  a  time. 
Iteturning,  he  bought  another  farm,  which  he 
occupied  until  1872,  and  after  that  he,  with  his 
family,  made  his  home  with  Judge  (ialloway 
until  Xoveinber,  1884-,  when  both  the  parents 
died,  the  mother's  death  occurring  only  a  week 
previous  to  that  of  her  husbanu.  They  were 
strictly  honest  people,  faithful  to  each  other,  to 
their  children  and  to  the  State,  and  they  had 
passed  the  trials  and  dangers  that  menace  even 
the  most  exalted  coiner.  What  greater  inheri- 
tance could  parents  leave  their  children  than 
this?  and  well  may  the  family  and  the  citizens 
honor  such  priceless  bravery. 

Judge  Galloway  was  educated  at  the  Willam- 
ette University,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1868, 
after  which  he  taught  school  most  of  the  time 
until  1875.  In  1872  he  was  nominated  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  for  Representative  to  the 
State  Legislature,  made  a  strong  and  creditable 
canvass  and  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket,  but  the 
whole  ticket  was  defeated.  In  1878  he  was 
again  nominated  and  was  elected,  notwithstand- 
ing the  Republican  majority  in  his  district  was 
fully  300.     His  services  in  the  Legislature  were 


I  iikL 


HiaroHY  OF  oimooN. 


oni 


of  grent  vhIuo  to  tlic  State,  and  lie  diBtinguJBhed 
liiiiiHel :'  un  the  side  of  tliu  Htrictest  lioiibbty  in 
the  Ronducit  of  public  Htiairs.  His  party  wax  in 
power.  He  wiiw  cluiirniun  of  the  noted  investi- 
gating committee,  wiiich  wuh  so  faitlifnl  in  ita 
work  tliat  it  eaved  to  thu  Htnte  many  tlioiisands 
of  dollars,  and  l)ronght  to  the  bar  of  [)nl)lic  jnu- 
lice  the  corrupt  ring  that  hud  been  robbing  the 
State  treasMry.  through  the  management  of 
State,  school  and  tiwain))  lands  and  the  State 
printing  and  the  penitentiary.  Judge  Gallo- 
way's motto  being,  "  Hew  to  the  line,  let  the 
chips  fall  where  they  may,"  and  "An  honeHt 
man  is  always  under  oath."  On  the  strength 
of  his  honorable  record  he  was  re-elected  in 
1880,  after  a  very  hot  campaign,  as  his  action 
in  exposing  corruption  had  made  enemies  in  his 
own  party.  He  has  for  the  third  term  been  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  a  member  of  the  Siaie 
lioard  of  Agriculture,  being  at  this  time  vice- 
president,  and  he  has  been  active  and  efficient 
in  the  affairs  of  that  department. 

He  had  a  valuable  farm  at  iiellevue  ot  'iMO 
acres,  on  which  he  has  been  very  successful  as 
a  breeder  of  fine  trotting  horses,  and  he  has  the 
lionorof  liaving  bred  some  of  tiie  finest  animals 
in  the  .State,  among  them  I.ia<ly  Beach,  2:!i6; 
McMinnville  Maid,  2:22;  Anna  B.  and  Alta- 
mood,  a  pacing  yearling  for  which  $5,000  was 
refused  by  her  owner.  In  1887  he  sold  his 
farm  and  came  to  McMinnville  and  invested  in 
real  estate  in  and  adjacent  to  the  city.  He  has 
a  farm  of   185  acres,  which   he  is   planting  to 

Ernne,  peach  and  apple  trees.  J  udge  Galloway 
elioves  the  Willamette  valley  will  be  the  fruit 
center  of  the  Pacific  coast  for  the  production  of 
tlie  hardier  kinds  of  fruit. 

In  1888  he  received  the  nomination  for 
Connty  Judge  and  was  defeattid,  but  in  1890  he 
was  again  nominated  and  was  the  only  man  on 
tiie  ticket  elected.  He  is  now  devoting  his 
whole  time  to  the  affairs  of  his  office,  taking 
just  pride  in  the  building  of  roads  and  public 
improvements,  and  in  the  fact  that  his  county 
is  virtually  out  of  debt,  while  the  tax  for  county 
purposes  is  only  five  mills  on  the  dollar. 

Judge  Galloway  has  taken  equal  interest 
in  the  schools  of  McMinnville,  and  has  been 
School  Director  six  years,  during  which  time 
two  very  good  school  buildings  have  been 
erected,  with  all  the  modern  improvements  of 
heating,  and  the  school  thoroughly  graded  and 
made  efficient  in  its  methods. 

The  Judge  was   married    in  1875   to   Miss 


Kmnia  leaker,  a  native  of  Wisconsin  and  the 
daughter  of  Varranus  and  Sally  linker,  of  that 
Stale  and  ot  New  Kngland  ancestry.  Their 
children,  all  born  in  Vain  Hill  county,  are; 
Zilpha  Virginia,  CMiarles  Varranus  and  Prancis 
Vernon.  The  Judge  is  a  menilier  of  the  1.  (). 
().  F.,  and  in  politics  a  Democrat. 


m^^^-- 


fUDGE  AAftON  E.  WAIT,  one  of  the 
best  known  and  most  highly  respected  citi- 
zens of  I'ortland,  Oregon,  came  to  this 
State  in  18'17.  He  is  a  native  of  Whately, 
Franklin  coutity,  Massachusetts,  where  he  was 
born,  on  December  20,  ISlii.  His  father,  Aaron 
Wait,  was  also  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and 
a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  the 
service.  Benjamin  Wait,  Judge  Wait's  great- 
great-grandfather,  was  an  early  settler  of  Hat- 
lield,  Massachusetts,  going  there  from  Connecti- 
cut. He  was  a  bold  frontiersman,  a!id  had 
fought  in  many  an  Indian  battle,  and  iiad  ac- 
quired the  name  of  the  Indian  Killer.  His  son, 
John  Wait,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Whately  Com- 
pany, under  Captain  Henry  Stiles,  and  after- 
ward a  Sergeant  in  Captain  Seth  Murry's  com- 
pany; later,  one  of  Captain  liussell  Kellogg's 
company,  on  the  Remington  Alarm.  His  son, 
Joel  Wait,  was  a  private  in  the  company  of 
Captain  Stiles,  in  the  Uevolution,  and  was  in 
the  Hatfield  company,  commanded  by  Captain 
Graves,  and  in  Caj)tain  Murry's  Company  of  the 
Massachusetts  Militia,  in  Colonel  Ezra  II.  May's 
regiment,  in  1877.  Aaron  Wait  was  married 
to  Miss  Sarah  Morton,  a  native  of  AVhately, 
Massachusetts,  a  daughter  of  Solomon  Morton, 
whose  ancestors  were  also  early  settlers  of 
Massachusetts.  Thoy  had  four  children:  L;i- 
nice,  Clementine,  Charles  G.  and  Aaron  E., 
the  latter  the  youngest  of  the  family,  and  the 
only  survivor.  While  Aaron,  our  subject,  was 
an  infant,  his  father  died,  and  his  mother  after- 
ward married  again,  and  he  lived  with  his  grand- 
father Wait  until  he  was  eight  years  of  age, 
and  afterward  with  his  uncle,  until  ho  was  four- 
•  teen.  He  then  left  Whately  and  we.;t  to  Hat- 
field, where  he  spent  four  years  learning  and 
working  at  the  trade  of  broom  making,  with  his 
earnings  attending  school  until  he  was  about 
twenty  years  of  age.  He  then  went  to  New 
York,  and  thence  to  Flatbush,  Long  Island, 
where  he  taught  school,  as  an  assistant  teacher 


rnrr 


0S3 


iiisroiiY  oA   oimnoN. 


i« 


i! 


H  ^t 


*f 


in  ErnsmiiH  IIrU.  Later,  ho  retiirnud  to  Mnssn- 
cliutictttt,  fniin  wlicre  lie  booh  iitti't,  in  1H37, 
wcMlt  to  Micliii^iiii.  Ill  that  Sliito  lie  HtiidiiMl 
liiw,  iiii'l  Wiis  iidiMiiti'd  to  tin,'  li.ir  in  1*^42.  lie 
was  then  in  ('t'iit<'r\  illi'.  St.  .I(in('|)li  county, 
Miclii^raii.  IJtd'ore  i('a\iii^'  Miclii;,'iiTi  he  wan  tlie 
Militai'V  Seei'etary  to  hii*  Kxi'elieiu'y.  (iovernor 
.lohii  S.  Barry,  lln  has  served  Oregon  in  hoth 
hranchert  of  its  Ke^jislatnro. 

In  IS47  he  started  overland  tor  Oref^on,  in 
eoin[iany  witli  otlii'i's,  witii  Ailiert  Davidson  for 
captain.  Tiiere  were  forty  o\  waj^oiifl  in  tiie 
train,  and  tii.  .Iiidjje  j^ives  this  reniiniscenee  of 
the  journey;  It  was  necessary  to  liave  a  jjuard 
at  niffht.  to  keep  the  stock  together  and  pruvent- 
ini;  tiie  Indians  from  rnnniii);  them  ott".  One 
night,  when  it  was  his  turn  witli  others,  to 
stand  (jnard,  a  terrihlc  storm  of  rain,  winil.  thun- 
der and  lii^litninj;  occurred,  and  he  soon  discov- 
ered tliat  lie  was  the  oidy  one  out  with  the 
stock;  and.  that  heiiig  the  ease,  he  i"elt  it  was 
more  important  that  he  should  remain  out.  The 
horses  and  cattle  were  driven  hefore  tlie  storm, 
wiiicli  was  terrilde;  the  thunder  and  lif;htning 
was  terrific,  and  he  could  only  sec  the  stock 
when  it  lightened.  The  animals  went  hefore 
the  wind  and  storm,  and  he  followed,  and  at 
sunrise  had  tliem  all  hack  at  camp,  allowing 
them  to  feed  on  the  way  hack,  '.''his  was  proli-- 
ably  the  most  severe  experience  li';;  had  on  the 
way.  At  that  time  he  wire  fjifu-ip  .  for  near- 
•  ofj'htcdnesp,  which  excited  the  t-'tiri'.sity  of  the 
Indians,  who  iiujuired  tlie  re'in:;.  He  told  them 
it  was  in  order  to  see  a  grtr.t  '.iay  oVi.  so  they 
appeared  to  think  he  could  see  a  great  distance, 
and  through  and  around  anything.  The  coin- 
jian^'  divided  into  small  parties  and  soon  after- 
ward he  met  his  old  friend,  tJndge  Oolnmbia 
Lancaster,  who  was  alone  with  his  family  and 
team.  Our  suhject  would  not  allow  him  to  he 
alone,  and  turned  out  with  his  team,  and  they 
two  traveled  together  without  any  incident, 
until  they  p.asscd  Fort  Hall,  when  a  party  of 
white  men  and  Indians  wiuit  racing  past  them, 
and  he  conclinled  to  stand  guard  tliat  night. 
While  sitting  hehind  his  wagon,  with  his  gun  in 
his  hand,  he  saw  in  the  distance  a  person  ap- 
proaching, and  saw  that  he  was  headed  for  one 
of  the  largest  horses  that  was  staked  out.  He 
decided  that  the  Indian  should  not  have  that 
horse,  hut  would  not  shoot  until  the  Indian 
touched  the  horse  or  his  r.)pe.  When  near  to 
the  horse,  the  Indian  iliseovered  that  he  was 
watched,    and    dropj)cd    into    the    grass.     The 


.Tudgo  wntciicd  to   see  if  the  gra^H  moved,  but 
could     diiicern    no    motion,  and  soon  went   out 
there,  hut   the   Indian    had   gone.     The  Judge 
arrived    in    Oregon   City,   in   Septemher,  1^47, 
having  l)(!en  employed  as   a   lawyer   before  he 
reached  the  city.    He  entered  upon  the   practice 
of  his  profession,  and  by  night  work  edited  the 
Oregon    Spectator,  the  Hrst   paper  published  In 
the  Territory.     He  later  served  [as  I-'irst  Assist- 
ant (Jomniissary  tleiieral   in   th(<  Caynse    "var. 
In  the  spring  of  ISKt  he  went  to  (Jalifornia  on 
a  littlh    seventeen-ton   vessel,  to  take   out  some 
gold  with  his  own   hands.      He   helped  row  the 
vessel  over  the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  tlie  (Joluni- 
biu  river,  and  into  the  harbor  at  San  Francisco. 
At  Sacraniento  he  mot  (Jovernor  Burnett,  whom 
ho  had  knoA'ii  and  highly  esteemed.     The  Gov- 
ernor wanted  liliii  to  reinain  in  Sacramento,  and 
practice  law  there,  saying  that    he  had  been   to 
the  mines,  and  had  li'ft.  The  Judge  replied  that 
lie  was  going  to    the    mines,  and  would   remain 
until  driven  out  by  the  rains,  when  he  would  re- 
turn   to    Oregon.   He    mined    on  the  American 
Fork  and  Feather  rivers.  In  the  last  of  his  mining 
he  looked  for  gold  where  there  was  an  uninter- 
rupted   wash  from  the  monntaiiis   to  the  river. 
Wliere  a  narrow   place  of  lodgment  was  being 
washed  away  by  the   current  of  the  wave,  there 
he  found  gold.      His  largest   find    in    one  piece 
was  .^()0,  and  his  largest   day's   work  was  ^lt)(), 
1^10   to    a   man.  being   the  lowest  day's   work. 
There  were  three  of  them  together.     They  ex- 
pected him  to  do  the  prospecting.     When  they 
decided  to   leave  the  American   river,  and  cross 
thfc  mountains  to  tlie   Feather  river,  he  wanted 
to  prospect  a  place    down  the  river  before  they 
went.     He,  accordingly,  left  camp  with  his  pan, 
pick   and   spoon,  and   in   passing  down,  he  saw 
three  men  at  work  at  the  water's  edge.  lie  con- 
cluded  they  were   newcomers,  and  thought  ho 
might  be  of  assistance  to  them,  so  he  w.ent  and 
sat  down  on  a  rock  near  them,  and  asked  them 
if  they  found  much  gold.     One  answered,  "  We 
haven't  seen  any  yet."     Our  subject  pointed  to 
a  place,  and  said:  "Take    up    some  dirt  there, 
and  wash   it  in  the  pan."     The    man  looked  at 
him  and  at  his  companions,  and  kept  on  at  work. 
Thinking    he    was  not    understood,   the  Judge 
spoke  again  in  a  calm  voice,  "Take  up  some  of 
that  dirt  there,  and  wash  it  at  the  water's  edge." 
The  man  looked  at  him  again,   and  kept  on  at 
work  where  he  was.     This  angered  the  Judge, 
and  he  spoke  harshly,  telling   him  to  take  some 
dirt  right  there  in' his  pan,  and  wiish    it  at  the 


ii  f 


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'tJutyL^^-r^ 


gg-..,'-ljy|«f*T!m 


U I  STORY    OF    OHEGON. 


6S3 


waUifV,  .'>h 


J    lit    Itlr- 


ions,  and  th- 

Judge  ll*!  'Iir   :; 

it,  and  *<xia  t»,-.  ...  .   .t..i-\ 

man    wtio    »»» 
sbonlder.  iia^  lu- 
it,    anil    inea    '*(■ 
neither  rtjrf>K»f  ' 
WHtu  «iiti(<tio(i  in 
newcomer-',  and    (li«i  •«a,. 
did   not  kncft  ^vhf  bo  ^wn: 
they  might    '*«»    ilnvsn   off 
which,  they  Siiij»pij««l,  fmiM  Ui;^;  -.i. 
he  very  ricli.     The  .hidjf»>    unme- 
way,  and    nothing    viarf    w«n  »»:i 
arrived  iit  tiie  [)lace  he  wanle*!   -. . 
found  that    the  water  wh>  i«H>iiijf!. 
tlie   iuen    tiir   lo    iiix    'lyi*'    '         »' 
cuinpnny.     They  wjot  fo  /»*?  jms<< 

found  rlijfj^irigti.      Wix.e  *.;  ;.u&tr  *ww 

place,  two  men   CMtnc   u,\-  roolutf  and 

picks,  Jind  said  they  had  v..,  ice  us  the  topper 
mines  in  Mi(!lii>/an,  and  had  •honj'ht  t.twv  '•ouid 
find  K'^'d,  hat  had  tioi  he<'ri  ahle  to  rii;*!  «ny 
He  »»id,  ■•<!<>  t\)  *ork  witii  u*  a  few  day*.  ^«d 
■*i«i  wiii  pay  yon  ifojd  waye.ii.  and  you  wih  h;arii 
how  we  do  it."  Tfiey  worked  well  tor  the  time 
they  were  erigagtvi,  he  telling  them  how  and 
wixtre  tt>  work  on  their  own  account,  and  tfiey 
■succeeded  atiiuirably.  Wlien  the  Jud^i  re|iir!ite<t 
to  Oregon,  the  Oayune  War  Coiniiiii-sion  had 
done  but  little  work,  and  ha<l  not  reported.  He 
consentf'd  to  serve,  and  audited  nearly  all  the 
war  clttimo,  and  every  claiiti  he  allowed  was 
paid  prir!:iMlya»  he  allowed  it.  For  his  own 
service.!*,  he  *»«tit  bi*  account  to  Secretary  Whit- 
telsy,  Mid  im  !v»ttrft»n  rt"turn<»d  two  letters, 
one  to  the  Jiige,  rt!i;i»i(««!'i      '  -^ent  IiIh 

aeoouiit  to  (iovernor  L'at :  Hei  #*?. 

addre»i(ed  to  (J-overnor  DitviB.  ll.e  lioveinor 
read  it,  aiiii  lookiii/;  up,  i>aid:  '•  1  approve  of 
your  claim.  The  Sm'rftary  iiuitei*  nic  to  do  so, 
and  i;  is  the  tirst  tiin*>  I  ux-^r  knew  Elisha  Wh.it- 
telay  to  recommend  the  pav'nent  cf  any  claim 
against  the  Government.^'  Tlie  Judge  prac- 
ticed law  under  the  I'rovisioinil  and  iitider  the 
Territorial  law  of  ( >regon.  "  He  was  elected  to 
t!io  Sofim.ise  bench,  and  tieivixl  ai*  the  tirftt 
Chief  Jnstiet!  of  tho  Stale  of  Oregrn.  in  which 
capacity  he  reiuainod  for  four  years,  llis-party, 
against  \m  will,  nominated  him  f<)r  Congress. 
.\t  that  time  he  acted  on  the  doctrine  that  no 
man  had  ;>  right  to  abk  office  or  refuse  it,  so 
he   accepted    the    noiuiuation,  made    the    run, 

41 


..  af>  a  iiiiiiti:!   ••'      urse.      In  his 

'  '')    ilUce  freiplei    ly,   hut  mwcr 

■is'.oi   for  any  of  i;hem.     After 

;•    ,>i,i,'ticed   law  a  little,  but 

previous  to  1891,  he 

>,  .-!*(;«,  e.vcept  two  impor- 

■  U*  'Attended  to  at  the  ear- 

:  J    friend.  Judge  <).  C. 

1^74   I't'  moved  on  to 

^  -iinas  county, 

lars,  when   he 

,000  acres  of 

,68  in  Oreifon. 

he  came  to 

he  deed   that 

ortland   town 

to  Daniel   II. 

f  §5,000,  the 

|jri«e  **»r'){  pw' 

The  Judge  v,-^-    i    ,  .  ay  24,  1853, 

to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Sf.iriii^i.r,  >.  i,  tive  of  (Jhio. 
They  l>ad  two  ehildreii,  one  of  v.houi,  (Charles 
Nichi>!»in  is  now  a  proniLsing  lavyer  of  Port- 
IruiI.  Their  eldest  child,  Columhia,  died  in  his 
third  year.  Uin  first  wife  died  in  May,  1849, 
andofi  iiuj  31,  l>5tJ0,  he  married  Miss  ICato  M. 
Qui v-ey.  a  native  of  Ohio.  Of  their  three  chil- 
dn  ■,  tho  only  one  which  ret>;!hed  maturity, 
Aniin  Evaline,  is  now  lh>-  wi*e  of  Mr.  Frank 
Haiford.  of  Seattle,  llis  hist  wihs  died  on  July 
t),  188S.  and  ho  has  since  remaini  d  single.  His 
ilAugliter,  Mrs.  llanford,  ha.''  a  son,  who  was 
born  on  his  griuidfiitlier's  smeiity-sixth  birth- 
day, and  Wiis  named  by  his  gi  and  father,  Frank 
Wait  Kopes  Hanfbrd.         " 

The  Judge  is  a  Freemason,  and  was  Deputy 
Grand  Master,  When  he  became  Judge,  while 
he  knew  no  harm  in  Masonry,  yet  he  knew  there 
*«s  H  pr-'jndiie  agiiiusf  il  by  some,  and  so  ho 
dwiiiibd  to  serve  us  (irand  Master,  although 
tendered  the  position.  His  religious  views  are 
those  of  the  Episcopal  Chnrcli,  of  wdiich  he 
huA    hi"!.'    '>•■••'    ."  1  :  •niliipnt   iiM-'uber.     Of  un- 

integrity,  and 
1-1.  ir    : -11    ^'"."d   the  respect 
'     '.!«    fellitw-citizens,    and  the  af- 
i.v  rl'^»^♦•d  of  a  !arji;c  circle  of  friends. 

i'MIK  L8KN    was   born    in    Flensburg, 

i»onmark,  June  11,  1814.    In  that  local- 

^^  «   Hy  his  ancestors  hud  resided  for  centuries, 

he  r«.»nl»  of  the  family  running  back   upward 


1^ 


/i.  '.A. 


y--Cct. 


UISTOIir    OF    OHEGON. 


053 


water's  edge.  The  man  looked  at  his  compan- 
ions, and  then  took  up  a  pan  of  dii't  where  tlie 
Judge  had  directed  him  to,  and  htgan  U>  wash 
it,  and  soon  saw  that  they  liad  some  gold.  The 
man  who  was  washing,  would  look  over  his 
shoulder,  and-  turned  so  that  the  men  could  see 
it,  and  men  who  were  digging  looked,  but 
neither  spoke,  but  looked  surprised.  The  J  udge 
was  satisfied  from  their  conduct  that  they  were 
newcomers,  and  that  was  their  first  find.  They 
did  not  know  who  he  was,  and  proijably  feared 
they  might  be  driven  oft'  from  that  place, 
which,  they  supposed,  from  that  pan  of  dirt,  to 
be  very  rich.  The  Judge  arose  and  went  his 
way,  and  nothing  more  was  said.  When  he 
arrived  at  the  place  he  wanted  to  examine,  he 
found  that  the  water  was  too  high,  and  leaving 
the  men  far  to  his  right,  he  returned  to  his 
company.  They  went  to  the  Feather  river  and 
found  diggings.  While  they  were  at  their  new 
place,  two  men  came  along  with  rocker  and 
picks,  and  said  they  had  worked  in  the  copper 
mines  in  Miclilgan,  and  had  thought  they  could 
find  gold,  but  had  not  been  able  to  find  any. 
He  said,  "  Go  to  work  with  us  a  few  days,  and 
we  will  pay  yon  good  wages,  and  you  will  learn 
how  we  do  it."  They  worked  well  for  the  time 
they  were  engaged,  he  telling  them  how  and 
where  to  work  on  their  own  account,  anil  they 
succeeded  admirably.  When  the  Judge  returned 
to  Oregon,  the  Cayuse  War  Commission  had 
done  but  little  work,  and  uad  not  reported.  He 
consented  to  serve,  and  audited  nearly  all  the 
war  claims,  and  every  claim  he  allowed  was 
paid  precisely  as  he  allowed  it.  For  his  own 
services,  he  sent  his  account  to  Secretary  Whit- 
telsy,  and  the  Secretary  returned  two  letters, 
one  to  the  Juge,  requesting  him  to  present  his 
account  to  Governor  JJavis;  the  other  letter  was 
addressed  to  Governor  Davis.  The  Governor 
read  it,  and  looking  up,  said:  "1  approve  of 
your  claim.  The  Secretary  invites  me  to  do  so, 
and  it  is  the  first  time  I  ever  knew  Ellisha  Whit- 
tolsy  to  recommend  the  payment  of  any  claim 
against  the  Government."  The  Judge  prac- 
ticed law  under  the  Provisional  and  under  tiie 
Territorial  law  of  Oregon.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Suj)reme  bench,  and  served  as  the  first 
Chief  .Justice  of  Ihe  State  of  Oregon,  in  which 
capacity  ho  remained  for  four  years.  His  party, 
against  his  will,  nominated  him  for  Congress. 
At  that  time  he  acted  on  the  doctrine  that  no 
man  had  a  right  to  ask  office  or  refuse  it,  so 
he   accepted    the    nomination,  made    the    run, 


and  was  defeated,  as  a  matter  of  course.  In  his 
early  days  he  hel<l  oftice  frequently,  i)ut  never 
asked  a  non)ination  for  any  of  tlieiu.  After 
leaving  the  bench  he  practiced  law  a  lit'le,  l)ut 
for  the  last  twelve  years  previous  to  i'^'Jl,  ho 
has  attended  to  no  law  cases,  e.vcept  two  impor- 
tant land  cases,  which  he  attended  to  at  the  ear- 
nest solicitation  of  his  old  friend,  Judge  O.  (3. 
Pratt,  of  California,  fn  1874  he  moved  on  to 
a  farm  of  600  acres,  in  Clackamas  county, 
where  he  remained  for  twelve  years,  when  he 
returned  to  Portland.  He  has  1,000  acres  of 
land  ill  Washington,  an<l  5,000  acres  in  Oregon. 
The  Judge  relates  that  in  184S  he  came  to 
Portland  on  iiusiness,  and  drew  the  deed  that 
conveyed  a  mile  square  of  the  Portland  town 
site  from  Francis  W.  Pettigrove  to  Daniel  H. 
Lownsdale,  for  a  consideration  of  $5,000,  the 
price  l)eing  paid  in  leather. 

The  Judge  was  married  on  May  24,  1833, 
to  Miss  Mary  Ann  Springer,  a  native  of  Ohio. 
They  had  two  children,  one  of  whom,  (Miiirles 
>!icholas,  is  now  a  promising  lawyer  of  Port- 
land. Their  eldest  child.  Columbia,  died  in  his 
tiiird  year.  His  first  wife  died  in  May,  184(1, 
and  on  May  31,  18(30,  he  married  Miss  Rate  M. 
Qnivey,  a  native  of  Ohio.  Of  their  three  chil- 
dren, tlie  only  one  which  reached  maturity, 
Anna  Evaline,  is  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  I''rank 
Hanford,  of  Seattle.  His  last  wife  died  on  July 
(5,  1888,  and  he  has  since  remained  single.  His 
daughter,  Mrs.  Hanford,  has  a  son,  who  was 
born  on  his  grandfather's  seventy-sixth  birth- 
day, and  was  named  by  his  graml father,  Frank 
Wait  Hopes  Hanford. 

The  Judge  is  a  F'reemason,  aixi  was  Deputy 
Grand  Master.  When  he  became  . I  udge,  while 
he  knew  no  barm  in  Masonry,  yet  he  knew  there 


was  a  prejudice  against 


it    by 


some,  ami  so 


he 


declined  to  serve  as  Grand  Master,  although 
tendered  the  position.  His  religious  views  are 
those  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he 
has  long  been  a  prominent  member.  Of  un- 
swerving fidelity,  unimpeacliable  integrity,  and 
generous  impulses,  he  has  gained  the  respect 
and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  the  af- 
fectionate regard  of  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


»'^'i'4»-^ 


tTHlELSEN    was  born    in    Flensbnrg, 
Denmark,  June  11,  1814.    In  that  local- 
a  ity  his  ancestors  had  resided  for  centuries, 
the  records  of  the  family  running  back  upward 


!5  I 


651 


HISTORY    OF    OliBQON. 


of  300  years;  they  were  chiefly  enijaged  tipoii 
the  sea  aw  captains  of  inereiiaiiliiieii,  sailing  up- 
on all  waters,  anil  their  hones  lie  in  every 
dime.  The  father  of  onr  subject,  a  captain, 
wished  his  i. .  to  follow  occupations  upon  the 
land,  thus  i;  "■  '  n  was  carefully  educated  at 
the   high   schc  is  native  town.     lie  also 

attended  the  uni-        ij  at  the  same  place,  pay- 
ing   j)articular    attention    to    mathematics,    in 
which    he   hecanie  very   proficient,  in    view  of 
following  the  life  of  a  civil  engineer.     Seeking 
a  broader  field  in  which  to  practice  his  profes- 
sion,   he  came   to   the   United   8tates  in   1837, 
where  railroading  was  then  in  its  infancy.     Ar- 
riving in  New  York  he  proceeded  to  Albany  by 
river,   by   rail  to   Little   Falls,  canal  t(   Buffalo 
and    crossing   lake   Erie,  he  landed  at  Detroit, 
where   valuable   letters  of  introduction  brought 
him   before  the  officers  of  the  Michigan  Central 
railroad,  who  readily  gave  him  employment,  in 
the  building  of   their   line.     Proving  his  abil- 
ity   by    his  work,   he  was  quickly  advanced  to 
positions  of  trust  and   responsil)ility,  and    for 
thirty  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  construction 
and  in  the  extention  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&    Quincy.       In  18()9.  while  at  dinner  one  day 
in  Omaha,  he  was  introduced  to  Ben  IloUaday, 
who   divulged   his  plans  for  railroad  building, 
which  led  up  to  an  engagement,  and  in   Febru- 
ary,   1870,    Mr.    Thielsen    came    to  Oregon  to 
carry  out  the  plans  of  IloUaday,  and  in  his  em- 
ploy   he  remained  as  chief  engineer,  perfecting 
liis   several   railroads.     The  crowning  effort  of 
his   engineering  life  was  during  his  connection 
with  lleiiry  Villard,  in  his  magniticent  railroad 
scheme  for  rapid    construction  of  the  Oregon, 
River  &  Navigation  and  Northern    Pacific  rail- 
roads,   when    time    was    the    essential,    money 
a))parently    being    a    secondary    consideration. 
During  this  vast  enterprise,  hundreds  of  n)ile8 
were   in  proces**   of   eonstruetion,   emjiloying  a 
foice    of  15,000    men,    while  twelve   offices  in 
Portland  were  tilled  with  busy  engineers,  figur- 
ing  cuts,    grades   and    tills,    while    hundreds  of 
others  were  employed  in  the  tield,  carrying  out 
the    process    of    construction.      Some   of    the 
greatest  obstacles  known  in  the  history  of  rail- 
road building,  were  eticountered   by   Mr.  Thiel- 
sen   in   the  mountain  work,  hut  he  successfully 
met  them  all,  and  in  the  course  of  the  work  in- 
troduced  new    methods,  which   have   since  met 
with  general  adoption.      Ills  share  in  the  carry- 
ing out  of  these  greal  projects  has  given  him  a 
lasting  place  in  the  histoiy  of  this  region.    The 


work  was  successfully  carried  to  an  end,  and 
with  its  completion,  after  an  active  life  of  fifty 
years  in  railroad  work,  Mr.  Thielsen  retired  to 
the  more  quiet  vocations  of  life,  in  the  care  of 
his  property  and  the  fuller  enjoyment  of  his 
home.  Seeking  investments,  he  became  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Oregon  Wational  Bank,  of 
which  he  is  still  a  director,  also  a  director  and 
vice-president  of  the  Northwest  Loan  and 
Trust  Company,  a  stockholder  and  director  of 
the  Multnomah  Street  Railway  Company,  a 
stockholder  of  the  Portland  Industrial  Associa- 
tion, and  of  the  Ellenbnrg  National  Bank,  of 
Washington. 

He  was  married  in  .fackson.  Michigan,  in 
1844,  to  Miss  Weston,  who  was  of  English  de- 
scent. To  this  union  seven  children  were  horn, 
of  whom  hut  three  survive,  viz.:  Henry  B.,  who 
is  now  engaged  in  farming  in  Polk  county; 
Julius  E.,  superintendent  of  the  Multnomah 
Street  Railway  Company;  and  Horace  W.,  who 
is  cashier  and  manager  of  the  Ellensbiirg  Na- 
tional Rank. 

Politically,  Mr.  Thielsen  was  in  early  days  a 
Whig,  but  with  the  organization  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  he  became  one  of  its  most  ardent 
adherents. 

To  him  has  l)een  accorded  an  experience  of 
much  value  as  an  object  lesson  in  progress,  as 
through  his  work  in  the  construction  of  rail- 
ways he  has  been  an  eye  witness  to  the  growth 
of  Detroit,  Chicago,  Omaha,  Portland,  and 
other  important  cities  from  small  towns  to  their 
great  prominence  of  to-day. 

^-^-^ 

ON.  H.  G.  HADLEY,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1851,  was  born  in  Brownlield,  Oxford 
county,  Maine,  June  24,  1815.  His  par- 
ents, Samuel  and  Margaret  (Gibson)  Hadley, 
were  natives  of  New  Hampsliire,  but  subse- 
quently settled  in  Maine,  where  Mr.  Hadley 
followed  the  practice  of  medicine,  through  life. 
Subject  remained  with  his  parents  until  four- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  began  self-support 
by  peddling  '^  Yankee  notions "  throughout 
the  State,  returning  to  his  home  in  the  fall  of 
each  year  to  spend  the  winter  with  his  parents 
and  attend  the  local  schools.  This  he  con- 
tinued for  seven  years,  visiting  the  States  of 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont  and  Massa- 
chusetts. In  1H38  he  started  westward,  taking 
with  him  a  supply  of  Connecticut  clocks,  which 


uiarosy  of  oreoon. 


OSS 


he  sold  tiirougli  tlie  State  of  Michij^aii,  and  in 
1839,  settled  near  Shelby,  Illiiioi,~,  where  lie 
formed  a  copartnership  to  operate  saw  and  Hour 
mills,  and  a  distillery,  lie  operated  his  milling 
interests  for  several  years,  until  his  plant  was 
destroyed  by  tire,  when  he  removed  to  Dnbnque, 
Iowa,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  and  sale 
of  confectioneries.  This  continued  until  the 
gold  excitement  of  1849,  when  he  joined  the 
tide  of  emigration  and  crossed  the  plains  to 
California  with  ox  teams.  The  train  numbered 
fifty  wagons,  and  the  journey  was  without  any 
accident  until  reaching  the  Humboldt  river, 
when  with  their  eagnerness  to  reach  California, 
Mr.  Iladley  and  three  or  four  companions,  tak- 
ing their  ponies,  set  out  by  a  cut-off  to  the 
Golden  State,  but  the  route  was  long  and  their 
food  gave  out,  and  suffering  seemed  imminent 
until  purchasini^  a  quarter  of  an  emigrant  ox, 
poor  and  tough,  they  managed  to  appease  their 
appetites,  and  jerking  the  remaining  beef  they 
continued  their  journey  and  arrived  in  Sacra- 
mento valley  in  the  fall  of  1849.  They  began 
milling  in  Feather  river,  but  having  no  knowl- 
edge, the  results  were  meager,  and  the  "coyotes" 
stealing  their  beef,  they  were  left  without  food 
and  were  "  dead  broke."  Tiiey  purchased  sup- 
plies at  a  trading-post  on  credit,  and  continued 
their  efforts,  but  soon  hired  out  for  $8  a  day 
an<l  board  The  latter  was  a  consideration, 
as  provisions  were  very  expensive.  They  worked 
for  twelve  days  and  thus  gained  valuable  ex- 
perience. They  settled  for  the  supplies  they 
had  bought,  and  then  went  to  the  Tuolumne  river 
and  made  a  few  hundred  dollars.  Mr.  Hadley 
then  returned  to  Sacramento  and  spent  the 
winter  there,  working  at  his  trade  of  confec- 
tionery. In  the  spring  of  1850  heagain  visited 
the  mines,  but  engaged  in  trading  in  the  sum- 
mer, and  in  the  winter  returned  to  his  home 
and  family  in  Iowa,  but  only  for  a  brief  time, 
for  having-  heard  glowing  accounts  of  the  re- 
sources of  Oregon,  he  made  arrangements,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1851  set  out  for  oregon.  The 
train  was  composed  of  the  families  of  Aaron 
Rose,  subsequently  proprietor  ot  the  town  of 
Roseburi;;  Arthur  Denny,  who  settled  in  Wash- 
ington Territory,  and  other  prominent  families. 
They  were  all  well  equipped  with  horses  to 
draw  the  wagons,  and  their  progress  was  rapid 
and  comfortable.  Their  only  serious  trouble 
was  on  Snake  river,  *here  Melville  Hadley  was 
shot  through  the  body  by  Indians,  but  recovered 
and    lived    many  years   after.     The    company 


crossed  the  Cascade  mnnntains  by  the  Darlnw 
route,  landing  in  the  VViUamette  valley  in  the 
fall.  Proceeding  to  Lane  county,  Mr.  Iladley 
located  his  donation  claim  on  Spencer  creek  and 
began  improving  ;  but,  finding  rail-splitting  t-e- 
vere  exercise,  in  the  spring  of  1853  he  drove 
his  four  horse  team  to  Portland  and  purchased 
^>1,000  worth  of  goods  and  began  peddling 
through  the  valley,  which  he  continued  through 
the  summer  very  successfully,  and  in  the  fall 
bejiran  tradincr  in  cattle.  lie  followed  this  for 
several  years,  remaining  in  the  locality  for  over 
twenty  years,  until  1878,  when  he  sold  out  and 
moved  to  his  present  property,  composed  of 
2,000  acres,  bordering  on  Coyote  creek,  and 
known  as  the  llailley  settlement.  There  he 
built  a  spacious  residence  and  the  ranch  Ims 
many  substantial  improvements,  lie  has  con- 
tinued the  raising  of  stock,  both  cattle  and 
horses.  He  resided  on  bis  ranch  until  1889, 
when  he  built  his  cottage  in  Eugene,  that  Mrs. 
Hadley  might  be  near  her  only  daughter,  Mrs. 
Eakin.  He  passes  his  summers  on  the  ranch, 
now  in  charge  of  his  son  and  bis  winters  In 
town. 

He  was  married  in  Shelby  county,  Illinois, 
in  1840,  to  Loretta  (vOX.  They  have  four  chil- 
dren; E^liza  J.,  wife  of  S.  13.  Hlakin,  Jr.;  Charles, 
a  merchant  in  Eugene;  F'rank  and  George,  who 
are  on  the  farm. 

Mr.  Hadley  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace 
of  Lane  county  appointed  by  the  county  com- 
missioners in  1852,  and  in  1853  was  elected  to 
represent  the  district  in  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture. Through  his  efforts  the  borders. of  Lane 
county  were  extended,  and  lands  were  added 
from  Benton  and  Umpqua  counties.  Mr.  Ilad- 
ley has  always  proved  himself  a  gentleman  of 
uprightness  and  integrity,  and  all  his  many 
friends  respect  him. 


fOHN  W.  KENNEDY,  of  Union  county, 
State  of  Oregon,  one  of  the  early  settlers 
and  pioneers  of  the  State,  was  born  Febru- 
ary 16,  1840,  in  A<lanis  county,  Illinois.  He 
removed  from  bis  native  State  with  his  parents 
when  in  his  seventh  year,  to  Polk  county,  Ore- 
gon, where  his  father,  Mordica  Kennedy,  bought 
and  settled  upon  3"20  acres  of  land.  John  W., 
the  oldest  of  the  boys,  receii-ed  a  common-school 
education  in  the  district  school  of  his  neighbor- 


CoC. 


U I  STORY    OF    OHEOOfT 


liood,  putting  in  liin  vHi^iitioiis  and  spare  time 
ill  aiding  1)18  fatlier  run  tiie  randi.  A«  a  l)<)y  ho 
was  ol)8ervant  and  careful  in  his  every  aet,  was 
industrious  and  fruj^al,  and  always  fairaud  hon- 
est witii  his  parents,  school  and  playmates,  and 
all  with  whom  lie  came  in  contact. 

In  1867,  in  his  twenty-tirst  year,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Martha  J.  Shelton,  in  Polk  county,  and 
in  the  following  year  removed  to  Grande  lionde 
valley,  Union  county,  Oreiron,  huying  a  small 
farm  an<l  estahlisliing  himself  in  business  for 
liiiiiseU'.  By  economy  and  husiness  tact  he  ac- 
cumulated and  added  to  hie.  farm,  personal  and 
real  projxirty  until  1883.  when  he  found  him- 
selt'  the  owner  of  1,680  acres  of  good  farming 
hu.d  and  quite  a  large  number  of  cattle,  horses, 
and  other  stock.  Opjiortunity  offering  he  dis- 
posed of  his  farm  and  stock,  whicii  realized  him 
about  S20,0(>0:  and  then  removed  to  the  city  of 
Union,  in  said  county,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided, with  the  exception  of  al>ont  a  year  in  the 
Willamette  vail  _,.  He  is  now  comfortably 
domiciled  in  Union,  where  he  devotes  his  time 
and  '  ."  gy  to  looking  after  public  as  well  as 
private  matters.  The  interest  that  is  derived 
friiin  t'.  e  loaning  of  his  money  makes  him  a 
good  living,  and  the  time  not  required  in  attend- 
ing to  his  private  affairs  is  devoteil  almost  en- 
tirely to  the  public.  lie  has  served  the  county 
officially,  and  was  elected  Mayor  of  tlie  city  of 
Union  three  successive  times,  making  m  en- 
viable record  in  every  position  held  by  him.  In 
assuming  the  office  of  Mayor,  city  script  was 
worth  only  sixty  cents  on  the  dollar,  but  at  the 
expiration  of  his  third  term  it  had  reached  par. 

His  family  consists  of  a  wife,  four  daughters 
and  one  son.  ilis  oldest  daughter,  Mary,  is  the 
wife  i>f  B.  F''.  WiK-'OM,  a  prominent  attorney  of 
Union;  Tina  and  Lilly  are  young  ladies  un- 
married; Elsey  is  the  baby;  and  .1.  W.,  Jr.,  is 
now  eleven  years  old.  Mr.  Kennedy  as  a  father 
and  luisband  is  kind  and  considerate,  and  his 
domestic  relations  have  always  liecni  felicitous. 
Ilis  polities  is  <]pinocratic,  (Meveland  being  his 
ideal.  lie  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  suc- 
cess of  hi.s  party,  and  is  one  of  the  leaders  of 
his  party  in  ITnion  county. 

lie  is  a  member  of  (irando  Ilonde  Valley 
Lodge,  No.  56,  A.  F.  t**:  A.M.,  of  Union,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  blue  lodge  and  chapter  of 
that  order. 

flducational  and  religious  matters  receive 
much  of  his  attention,  and  he  is  ever  re.idy  to 
lend  a  helping  hand  in  promoting  the  iii'.jreets 


of  the  schools  and  churches  of  his  community. 
His  life  so  far  has  lieen  one  worthy  of  emu- 
lation, Iwtli  from  a  business  and  social  point  of 
view.  By  business  tact  and  energy  he  has 
earned  sufKcient  of  the  world's  goods  to  jiro- 
vide  the  comforts  of  home  for  himself  and 
family.  By  honesty,  fair  dealing  and  acts  of 
charity,  he  has  surrounded  himself  with  a  wide 
circle  of  friends,  and  having  the  love  of  his 
family,  what  more  can  a  man  ask  in  this  world 
of  his  Maker? 


-rf«t. 


PSH;®{^«*3 


^()i\.  ROBERT  R  BIRD,  a  prominent 
Wm\  merchant  of  La  Fayette,  was  born  Novem- 
«!^  ber  17,  1842,  in  Lacon,  Marshall  county, 
Illinois,  and  was  but  five  years  of  age  when  the 
family  of  which  he  was  a  member  crossed  the 
plains  and  mountains  to  the  distant  Territory  of 
Uregcm.  Ever  since  then  he  has  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Yam  Hill  county.  He  was  educated  at 
La  Fayette.  In  1866  he  engaged  in  merclmntile 
business,  with  a  partner.  Two  years  afterward 
he  withdrew  from  the  business,  and  two  years 
still  later  he  formed  another  partnership,  which 
continued  five  years.  Then  he  sold  out  and  re- 
moved to  Waco  county  and  engaged  in  the  liv- 
ery business.  Returning  to  La  Fayette  in 
1877,  with  others. he  opMied  a  general  merchan- 
dise establishment,  and  in  1890  he  purchased 
tlie  whole  business,  and  has  since  then  been  the 
lei 'Mug  merchant  iti  the  place,  and  prospering 
well. 

J  public  affairs  he  also  has  taken  an  active 
and  efficient  part.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  the  county,  and  he  filled  that  office 
satisfactorily  to  the  people.  In  1882  he  was 
appointed  Treasurer  of  the  county,  to  fill  a  va- 
catu'y,  at  the  close  of  which  term  he  was  elected 
to  the  same  office,  which  however  he  resigned 
some  time  afterward,  when  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  serving  a  fractional 
term.  In  Ln  Fayette  he  takes  an  active  part 
in  all  public  affairs;  has  filled  the  office  of 
Treasurer,  Trustee  and  President  of  the  (Jity 
Council,  in  all  of  which  relations  he  has  acijuitted 
himself  well,  and  he  has  always  had  constatitly 
in  mind  the  best  interests  of  the  people.  As  a 
business  man  he  is  both  reliable  and  enterprising. 

In  .Futie,  1868,  h  married  Miss  Alderman,  a 
native  of  Indiana  and  daughter  of  Isaac  Alder- 
man, an  Oregon  pioneer.     Their  children  are: 


i  I 


HISTOItr    OF    OliEOON. 


667 


Guy  K.,  married  and  resides  iu  La  Fayette; 
liobert  A.,  with  his  father  in  tlie  store;  Mary 
I).,  and   Kathleen,  at  home  with  tiieir  parents. 

Mr.  Bird  is  an  active  meniher  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity;  has  been  Master  of  the  lodge  several 
times;  is  now  holdini^  that  oflice;  and  he  has 
also  lield  all  the  ofKces  in  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  of 
which  order  he  is  now  Financier.  He  and  his 
wife  are  faithful  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  of  which  body  he  has  been  one  of  the 
Elders  for  a  number  of  years.  They  have  a 
pleasant  home  in  La  Fayette,  and  have  the  j^ood 
will  and  hif^h  esteem  of  many  acquaintances. 

Mr.  Bird's  father,  John  Bird,  is  sketched  at 
length  on  another  page  of  this  work. 

— ^m^w^'^'- . 

[II  LIAM  IJ.  ADAIR,  a  native  of  Asto- 
ria, Clatsop  county,  Oregon,  was  born 
June  23,  1849.  A  sketch  of  his  father. 
General  John  Adair,  is  given  elsewhere.  He 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Astoria  and  sub- 
sequently graduated  from  the  boy's  high  school 
of  San  Francisco,  in  his  nineteenth  year.  With 
H  view  to  acquiring  some  business  knowledge 
lie  spent  some  two  years  in  the  employment  of 
the  large  hardware  establishment  of  Troadwell 
&  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  and  remained  with 
them  until  the  failure  of  that  tirm,  when  he  ac- 
cepted a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  Colonel  G. 
H.  Mendell,  United  States  Engineer  Corps  and 
remained  there  for  the  next  five  years,  when  he 
resigned  tliat  position  to  accept  the  more  lucra- 
tive one  of  Post  Trader  to  the  command  of 
General  Crook,  in  the  Black  Hills,  remaining 
in  that  position  until  the  close  of  the  Indian 
war  in  that  country.  He  then  returned  to  Ore- 
gon and  for  three  years,  from  1874  to  1877, 
was  head  bookkeeper  tor  the  large  salmon  can- 
nery of  A.  Booth  &  Co.,  situated  at  Astoria. 
During  the  years  of  1878  and  1879,  Mr.  Adair 
was  connected  with  his  brother  in  the  business 
of  canning  salmon,  under  the  firm  name  of  S. 
D.  Adair  &  Co.  In  1880  Mr.  Adair  built  a 
cannery  on  Frazer  river,  British  Columbia,  and 
for  the  three  years  ensuing  carried  on  the  busi- 
ness there  as  manager  of  the  British  Union 
Packing  Company.  In  1884  he  retired  from 
the  salmon  business.  Since  his  retirement, 
with  the  exception  of  two  years  spent  in  South 
Kend,  Washington,  he  has  resided  in  Astoria, 
oocupying  himself  with  real-estate  and  general 


agency  business  and  in  the  care  of  his  father's 
estate. 

Mr.  Adair  was  married  in  Victoria,  British 
Columbia,  September  25,  1887,  to  Miss  Mary 
Louise  Henrietta,  eldest  ilaughter  of  Henri 
Jorand,  of  that  city.  The  issue  of  this  marriage 
has  been  one  son,  iiobert  William. 

^^^••^--- 

fENERALJOHN  ADAIR  was  born  near 
liarrodsburg,  Mercer  county,  Kentucky, 
in  August,  1808,  and  was  the  youngest 
sou  of  Governor  John  /  iair  of  that  State. 
Hert!  he  was  reared  to  maii.i.od  and  was  partly 
educated  at  Center  College,  ^'nishing  at  Harvard. 
He  WHS  admitted  to  the  btir  under  that  able 
jurist  Judge  Thomas  B.  Monroe,  of  Kentucky, 
and  was  engaged  for  several  years  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Columbus,  Mississippi.  He  af- 
terward returned  to  Mercer  county  and  engaged 
in  farming.     In    1848  General  Adair  was  ap- 

f)oii)ted  by  President  Polk  to  the  office  of  Col- 
ector  of  ('nstonis  of  the  port  of  Astoria,  Ore- 
gon Territory,  and  removed  with  bis  wife  and 
six  children  to  that  place,  making  the  journey 
by  water  and  arriving  in  April,  1849.  He  held 
the  office  for  twelve  years,  or  until  the  expira- 
tion of  President  Buchanan's  administration 
and  then  retired  trom  public  life,  employing 
himself  with  rural  pursuits  during  the  clos- 
ing year  of  his  life.  He  died  on  the  9th  of 
April,  1888,  at  his  residence  situated  on  his  do- 
nation claim,  known  as  the  port  of  Upper  Astoria. 
General  Adair  was  married  in  1834  to  Miss 
Mary  Ann  Dickinson,  who  still  survives  him, 
aged  seventy-six  years,  and  resides  on  the  old 
homestead.  A  sketch  of  his  son  William  B. 
is  given  elsewhere.  The  General  took  a  lively 
interest  in  public  affairs  and  was  the  iutimate 
friend  and  adviser  of  General  Joseph  Lane. 

— ^M^^m^-^ — 


fOH>  M.  JAEGER,  superintendent  of  the 
Eagie  Woolen  Mills  of  Brownsville,  was 
born  in  Mittweida,  Saxony,  Germany,  in 
1845.  His  ancestry  were  long  residents  in  that 
locality,  the  same  property  having  descended 
from  father  to  son  through  a  remote  lineage. 
Mittweida  is  a  manufacturing  town  of  12,000 
inhabitants,  the  interests  being  in  the  manu- 
facture of  silk,  cotton  and  woolen  goods.    After 


11 


m 


6M 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


i 


coiiipletiiig  liJB  eilucut ion,  John  jM.  whs  ,ij)|)reii- 
ticoU  to  leiirii  the  triuU'  of  weaver  ami  the  teeh- 
ni([iie  of  (lesii,'iiiiif^  tor  woven  fabrics.  He  fol 
lowed  tiiis  studiously  for  three  years  aiitl  then 
took  tiie  i-n.^tonjary  tramp  throiifrh  the  principal 
cities  of  I'rus^ia,  workinj;  at  his  trade  and  pick- 
in;,'  lip  such  ideas  as  would  make  him  a  liiiished 
workman.  In  18(15  he  returned  home  to  attend 
to  his  military  duties,  liut  as  few  soldiers  were 
needed  he  passed  liis  examination  and  was  re- 
leased. He  then  enframed  in  inaniifacturinf^ 
and  !-ellin^'  his  own  goods  until  1609,  when  he 
sold  out  and  started  lor  America,  hmding  in 
Mew  York  in  the  following  SeptemUer.  He 
then  workeil  in  the  wo(den  mills  df  New  York 
and  I'hiladelphia  until  1873,  when  he  started 
out  and  visited  Texas,  Mexico,  Arizona  and 
(,/alifornia.  ])rospecting  and  mii  tig  in  the  latter 
States.  In  .January,  1877,  he  landed  in  Ash- 
land, Oregon,  and  there  resumed  liis  trade  for 
one  year.  In  January,  1878,  he  hegan  work  in 
the  lirownsville  Woolen  Mill  as  weaver,  but  af- 
ter a  few  weeks  was  appointed  repairer  (d' looins. 
He  continued  in  this  position  for  a  year  and 
then  was  appointed  foreman  of  the  weaving  de- 
jiartment  and  held  that  position  until  the  com- 
|iany  shut  down,  January  29,  1889.  With  the 
incorporation  of  the  Eagle  Woolen  Mill  Com- 
pany, April  29,  1889,  Mr.  Jaeger  was  elected 
Buperinteiident  of  the  mill  and  has  continued 
in  that  position.  The  milling  interests  of 
Brownsville  were  organized  in  1860  by  tlie 
erection  and  organization  of  the  Linn  Woolen 
Mill.  This  mill  was  destroyed  by  tire  in  1803, 
but  was  rebuilt  in  18(54:.  The  Eagle  Woolen 
Mill  Comjiany  was  established  and  continued 
with  iiiditfereiit  success  for  a  few  years  and 
then  failed.  The  plant  was  then  taken  by 
Thiiiniis  Kay,  Havid  Dalf^leish  and  Fred  Croft 
aiul  operated  successfully  for  one  year.  A  syn- 
dicate was  then  formed,  which  purchased  the 
woolen  mill  property.  They  organized  the 
I'rownsville  Woolen  Mill  Company,  with 
Thomas  Kay  as  superintendent,  and  under  that 
management  the  company  built  up  an  extensive 
l)usiiie88  and  line  reputation  for  their  line  of 
tweeds,  blankets  and  flannels,  continuing  until 
January,  1889,  when  through  reorganization  the 
property  was  sold  to  the  Eagle  Woolen  Mill 
Company.  The  mill  was  then  refitted  and  in 
June,  1889,  the  machinery  was  set  in  motion, 
employing  about  sixty  hanils  and  running  the 
card  and  spinning  department  day  and  night. 
They  manufacture  a  high  quality  of  cassitneres, 


broadcloths,  tweeds  and  flannels.  It  operates 
two  retail  stores  in  Portland,  besides  consigning 
to  about  forty  stores  through  Oregon,  Wash- 
ington and  Idaho.  The  high  standard  of  the 
old  establishment  is  continued  and'  the  product 
of  tlie  mill  is  well  and  favorably  known.  Mr. 
Jaeger  is  alro  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Eagle 
Woolen  Mill  Company,  also  a  stockholder.  The 
same  comjjany  runs  and  owns  the  flouring  mill. 
Mr.  Jaegei'  was  married  in  Hrowiisville,  in 
1880,  to  Miss  Eleanor  Stone,  of  California,  the 
daughter  of  Horatio  Stone.  They  have  had  two 
children,  one  only  surviving,  Carl  Paul.  He 
owns  his  cottage  residence  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mill,  the  scene  of  his  labors. 


'^^t^^-^'t 


^>.J 


A.  EAMIiEKSON,  M.  D.,  druggist  and 
'|irl  practitioner  at  Lebanon,  was  born  on  the 
>|^»  tionation  claim  in  Columbia  county,  Ore- 
gon, June  16,  1854.  His  father,  Samuel  Lain- 
l)er8on,  was  from  Ohio,  but  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon  with  the  eniigrants  of  1846.  He 
located  a  homestead  in  Columbia  county  and 
engaged  in  stock-raisiijg  and  the  dairy  business. 
Timothy  Lamberson,  the  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  a  typical  pioneer  born  in  Ohio,  but 
with  mature  years  he  developed  a  restless  dis- 

Eosition  and  a  desire  for  frontier  life,  thus  he 
ept  pushing  westward  as  the  country  settled, 
and  in  1846  joined  the  emigration  to  (Jregon. 
He  located  on  Scappoose  plains  and  passed  the 
winter,  and  in  the  spring  of  1847  he  removed  to 
California  and  tried  stock-raising,  but  returned 
to  Oregon  the  next  year.  Hardly  had  he  re- 
turned to  this  State  wlien  the  gold  excitement 
broke  out  and  he  again  returned  to  California 
and  mined  until  1850,  when  he  returned  to 
Oregon  and  built  a  small  cabin  sawmill  on 
Scajipoose  creek,  the  flrst  mill  in  that  locality, 
and  he  8hippe<l  h^  iber  to  California,  supplying 
San  Francisco.  In  1859  he  made  another  move 
and  this  time  to  Arizona  and  there  he  followed 
milling,  mining  and  fruit-growing  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  in  1879. 

Samuel  Lamberson  was  married  in  Columbia 
county,  in  1853,  to  Mary  Jane  Armstrong,  of 
Illinois,  and  daughter  of  Andrew  Armstrong, 
an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1850.     They  continued 

line       '     "  ~" 

thi 
liam  county 


to  reside  upon  the  homestead  until  1876,  when 
tliey  sold  tliis  homestead  and  removed  to  Gil- 


ijitern  Oregon,   where   they  are 


nisronr  of  orsoon. 


0.-i» 


still  living,  engaged  in  the  stoi'lc  business.  Thoy 
have  had  sixteen  children,  eleven  of  whom  are 
living. 

J.  A.  Laniberdon  was  thu  eldest  child  and  he 
was  educated  at  the  academy  of  Prof.  George 
W.  Curtis,  at  Vancouver,  lie  followed  the 
study  of  medicine  under  the  instruction  of  Dr. 
W.  MT.  Oglesby,  at  Foasil,  eastern  Oregon,  and 
after  three  years  of  study  began  practice  in  that 
town  and  continued  there  until  18S2,  when  he 
removed  to  Lebanon  and  continued  his  profes- 
sion, building  up  a  very  extended  practice.  In 
June,  1891,  he  passed  a  very  exhaustive  exam- 
ination before  the  State  [}oard  of  .Medical  Ex- 
aminerc  and  received  a  medical  certidcate  beside 
very  gratifying  words  of  commendation  from 
the  Board  of  Examination.  In  1888  he  began 
shipping  the  Oregon  Casacara  (Ohittim  bark) 
and  the  Oregon  grape  root  to  the  Eastern  mar- 
ket, and  and  thus  developed  a  valuable  drug 
from  the  native  woods  of  <)regon.  The  first  is 
valuable  as  a  laxntive  and  the  other  as  a  blood 
purifier.  In  1889  the  Doctor  opened  a  drug 
store  for  private  use,  but  through  increaaed 
practice  and  patronage  it  has  developed  into  a 
store  fully  Htocked  and  opened  for  public  ac- 
commodation. 

lie  was  married  in  Lebanon,  in  1882,  to  Miss 
Mahala  iMossholder,  native  of  Ohio,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  Mossholder,  who  emigrated  to 
Oregon  in  18G3,  and  locating  in  Lebanon,  built 
the  first  hotel  in  that  town.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lamberson  liave  one  child,  Norman  Vivian, 
born  May  22,  1885. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
also  a  member  of  the  K.  O.  T.  M.,  but  not  ac- 
tive in  political  matters,  his  life  having  been 
devoted  to  his  profession  and  the  amelioration 
of  fleshly  ills  and  human  weaknesses. 


fOHN  KRUSE,  an  Oregun  pioneer  of  1850 
and  one  of  the  most  successful  and  pros- 
perous farmers  of  Clackamas  county,  was 
born  in  Denmark,  August  11,  1827.  His  fore- 
fathers were  ship-builders  and  were  men  of 
ability  and  influence.  Grandfather  Kruse  lost 
his  property  by  Napoleon  Bonaparte's  war. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  Mr.  Krnse  began 
the  life  of  a  sailor  before  the  mast,  sailed  for 
the  ports  of  Denmark  until  he  was  seventeen, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  in  the  winter  of 


18-45-'46.  He  made  two  voyages  from  New 
York  to  Savannah.  Then  ho  became  mute  on  a 
schooner  and  sailed  to  Soutli  (Jaroiina,  where  ho 
was  fur  a  time  employed  in  railroading.  After 
this  he  went  to  New  Orleans  and  was  engaged 
in  8toainb!)ating  on  tho  Mississippi  river,  and 
also  worked  along  shore.  lie  then  came  West, 
landing  in  San  Francisco  on  the  3d  of  January, 
1850,  and  in  Portland  on  the  1st  of  April,  1850. 
At  Portlan<i  he  was  first  employed  as  engineer 
in  Stephen  ('offiii's  sawmill.  Afterward  he 
aided  in  building  nnd  putting  in  place  tho  ma- 
chinery of  the  lloosier,  and  was  for  a  time  her 
engineer,  l^ater,  he  and  Mr.  Leonard  White 
pnrciiased  this  boat  and  ran  heron  the  Willam- 
ette between  Oregon  City  and  Dayton.  She 
was  the  first  steamboat  on  the  river  and  carried 
ten  tons  of  freight. 

In  1852  Mr.  Krnse  took  his  donation  claim 
in  Clackamas  county  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Willamette,  eight  miles  above  Oregon  City, 
purchasing  the  right  for  !f400  of  a  Mr.  Mott'et, 
who  had  located  it.  On  the  3Uth  of  August, 
1852,  he  married  Miss  lantha  Gtier,  a  native  of 
Ohio,  born  December  6,  1836,  daughter  of  Jo- 
seph C.  Geer.  The  day  after  their  marriage 
Mr.  Kruse  brought  his  young  wife  to  their 
new  home.  He  worked  and  improved  his  farm 
in  summer  and  steamboated  in  winter,  and  his 
earnesc  and  well-directed  efforts  rapidly  brought 
him  prosperity.  In  1878  he  purchased  a  half 
section  of  land;  in  1882,  100 acres;  and  in  1886, 
102  acres.  Now  he  has  840  acres,  a  most  beau- 
tiful and  valuable  tract  of  land.  In  1887  he 
built  a  nice  frame  residence,  overlooking  the 
beautiful  Willamette  river  and  the  surrounding 
country. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Krnse  have  had  eight  children, 
namely:  John  L.,  who  is  married  and  resides 
near  them,  has  a  son  and  daughter;  Frank 
Marion,  at  home,  weighs  850  pounds,  and  at 
the  Oregon  Exposition  took  the  prize  for  being 
the  largei»t  man  in  Oregon;  Archibald,  who  died 
in  his  third  day;  Albert  O.  is  married,  has  two 
sons  and  is  engaged  in  steamboating;  J.  Fritz, 
a  steamboat  man,  was  killed  by  the  accidental 
discharge  of  giant  powder,  October  20, 1887,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-six  years;  Anna  I.,  wife  of 
Joseph  F.  Cook,  died  in  her  twenty-third  year, 
leaving  one  son,  who  is  being  reared  by  his 
grandparents;  Ernest,  who  died  in  his  seventh 
year;  Homer  A.,  a  professor  of  music,  is  at 
present  in  the  Willamette  University,  taking  a 
post-graduate  course. 


u«o 


nisroRY  OF  o/maoN. 


>: :  r 


1 


f 


ilr.  and  Mrs.  Ivriiso  (iIiUmI  in  tlie  or}.^iu)i/,ation 
of  the  iSjiiritnalist  Suciety  licix'  t^oniu  twtMity-tivf 
yuiiPH  njfo.  ami  tliev  are  still  Spiritualists  in  be- 
liet.  Mr.  Knisf  was  a  Dt'inncrat  \intil  tlu'  tir- 
ini;  on  Fort  Siinitur,  wlion  lii' joined  tin*  Uepub- 
lican  ranks  and  lias  since  lieyn  ii  supporter  of 
tliat  i)arty.  In  IHIH  lie  was  onu  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  (irange,  and  has  eevt^ral  times  serveil 
in  tlio  j)osition  ot  Master  of  the  order,  lie  has 
twice  lieen  elected  and  has  served  two  terms  as 
(-'oimty  Clonimissioiier  of  his  county,  and  while 
an  incunihent  of  that  ottice  evinced  the  same 
intej^rity  and  ability  that  he  has  always  siiown 
in  conducting  his  own  business.  In  1887  ho 
served  a  term  in  the  Oregon  Legislature.  He 
is  carrying  on  farming  on  an  e.\ tensive  scale; 
employs  a  number  of  hands,  keeps  go(.id  stock 
anil  farm  implements,  and  has  a  blacksmith 
shop  and  forge  on  the  farm. 

Mr.  Kriiseand  his  wife  are  widely  and  favor- 
ably known  by  all  the  Oregon  ]>ioneer8,  and  are 
liij^hly  esteemed  for  their  uuiny  estimable  traits 
of  ehiiractor. 


fAMES  SIIHLUV  COOPEK,  president  of 
the  First  National  Hank  of  Inilependence, 
and  one  of  the  most  enterprising  business 
men  of  Folk  county,  is  a  native  of  Lawrence 
county,  Missouri,  born  January  9,  1841.  He 
is  of  German  ancestry,  who  came  to  America, 
])reviou8  to  tlie  ilovolution.  His  father,  E.  E. 
Cooper,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  married 
there  a  Miss  Nancy  Wann,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky. They  removed  to  Tennessee  and  from 
there  to  Missouri  in  1839.  Mr.  Cooper  was  a 
prominent  ir.inister  of  the  Baptist  Church,  in 
western  Missouri,  until  1808,  when  he  came  to 
(-)regon  and  died  in  Salem,  in  August,  1880, 
aged  si.\ty-nine.  His  wife  survived  him  until 
May,  1891.  They  have  twelve  children,  nine 
of  whom  are  still  living. 

James  S.  Cooper,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  the  fourth  child,  and  was  reared  in  Mis- 
souri until  his  twentieth  year,  when  falling  in 
with  tlie  spirit  of  adventure  of  the  times  he 
crossed  the  plains  with  oxen  to  (California. 
One  sister  came  with  liim,  and  the  trip  was  a 
safe  and  successful  one.  They  experienced  im 
trouble,  except  from  the  thieving  propensities 
of  the  Mormons  and  Indians,  on  account  of 
wliich  they  lost  some  of  their  stock.     They  were 


live  montiis  on  the  journey,  l)ut  as  the  journey 
was  so  pleasant  it  hardly  seemed  as  long  as  that 
to  tile  youthful  adventurers.  Upon  arrival  in 
California  lie  went  to  San  .loaijuin  county,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  teaming  until  18(54.  In 
February  of  that  year  he  came  to  Spring  Valley, 
Fcdk  county,  where  his  father  had  a  farm  near 
Zena.  When  Mr.  Cooper  arrived  in  Polk  county 
he  was  ijllOO  ii,  debt.  In  18f)5  he  rented  a  farm 
below  Salem  and  earned  enough  money  for  his 
support  by  (utting  and  soiling  cord  wood. 
Alter  a  year  le  retired  to  Folk  C(,iinty  and  re- 
sided near  Zc  la  until  1871.  He  then  removed 
to  Wasco  cor  Illy,  now  Cook,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  trading  stock.  In  1873  he  purchased 
a  line  farm  A'  ItJO  acres  of  land,  two  and  one- 
fourth  inihM  west  of  Salem,  and  on  this  land  he 
resided  two  years,  when  he  sold  it,  and  in  1875 
came  to  Monmouth,  where  he  remained  three 
years,  successfully  engaged  in  the  livery  busi- 
ness. In'  March,  1878,  he  came  to  Independ- 
ence and  engaged  in  the  livery  and  staliling 
business,  which  ho  continued  successfully  until 
1880,  when  he  sold  his  interest.  In  1885,  see- 
ing the  need  of  banking  faiiilities  in  the  city  of 
Inde])endence,  Mr.  Cooper  founded  the  J.  S. 
Cooper  Hank,  which  was  opened  for  business, 
March  5,  1885,  in  a  new  bank  building,  which 
Mr.  Coopererected  himself.  Here  he  constant- 
ly grew  in  favor  with  the  business  men  as  he 
continued  his  bank,  and  March  9,  1889,  he, 
with  others  incorporated  the  First  National 
Hank  of  Independence,  capital  stock  $50,000. 
Mr.  Cooper  was  elected  president,  and  has  con- 
tinued to  successfully  hold  that  position  ever 
since,  with  credit  to  iiimself  and  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all  parties  concerned.  Mr.  L.  W.  liobin- 
8011  is  vi(H^-president  and  the  directors  are 
Messrs.  L.  W.  Robinson,  W.  H.  Hawley,  Lewis 
llelmick,  G.  W.  Whiteaker,  W.  W.  Collins  and 
J.  S.  Cooper. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  niarrietl,  in  1869,  to  Miss 
Frances  Graves,  daughter  of  C.  H.  Graves,  a 
native  daughter  of  Oregon.  In  1879  Mrs. 
Cooper  died  after  hearing  her  husband  fonr 
children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living,  namely: 
Estelle  M.,  Dora  Edith  and  Ella  Pearl.  After 
the  death  of  his  wife  he  remained  single  for 
three  years  and  then,  in  1883  married  Mrs. 
Jennie  Logan,  a  native  of  Nebraska,  and  the 
daughter  of  A.  M.  O'Neal.  This  family  came 
to  Oregon  in  1801,  and  Mrs.  ('ooper  was  reared 
in  Dallas.  She  is  the  twin  sister  of  Mrs.  Samuel 
Coad,  of  Dallas,  and  these  two  ladies  have  the 


Uli-L'iii.L'.ilg'»lMH»"-e"B 


iiitiTony  OF  (nifco(h\. 


UUi 


lienor  of  lining  the  first  white  cliihircn  liorii  in 
Dndftc  coniity,  Neli-awkn.  Mrs.  (-'ooper  lind  no 
living  ciiiiiiren,  \>y  Iut  firnt  liuslmni),  when  bIio 
inHrrieil,  two  Imving  ■lied.  She  ims  borne  lier 
liii8hiinil  foiii'  children:  Miiliel,  Franceo  ami 
James  Slielliy,  .Ir. 

Mr. Coo{)er  isaHlne  Lodge,  (Miapter  and  Coin- 
tnandery  Maaon.  In  politicB  he  is  a  liepiililican; 
has  frequently  served  on  the  City  (yoiincil,  and 
has  heeii  I'resident  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  for 
tlie  city.  He  has  interested  himself  in  whatever 
promised  to  benefit  the  city.  Mr.  ('ooper  is  a 
member  of  the  Christ ian  (Jhurch,  and  his  wife 
is  a  Methodist.  They  are  vtM-y  agreeable  people 
ami  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  know  them. 
Mr.  Cooper  is  a  self-made  man,  for  it  is  through 
his  own  efforts  that  he  has  attained  his  present 
pi'ominence.  Not  only  is  he  a  successful  man, 
but  he  also  enjoys  the  confidence  of  his  fellow- 
townsmen. 


4,  J^^  "•' 


--0^E2^.^4C4 


^U  G  II  V  I  E  L  D  S,  an  Oregon  pioneer,  was 
born  in  Grayson  county,  Virginia,  in  1828. 
His  parents,  Joseph  and  Ann  (Curren) 
Fields,  «-ere  natives  of  the  same  State.  In  1831 
they  emigrated  to  Henry  county,  Missouri,  and 
engaged  in  fanning  and  the  stock  business. 
While  there  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Henry 
county  and  while  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties, 
he  was  thrown  from  his  horse  and  death  followed 
from  the  effects  of  the  fall.  Three  ciiildren  were 
left  alone  when  hedied,  as  their  ido*':  :;  i  ad  pre- 
ceedod  him  in  1832,  one  year  !• -i  >"  They 
were  reared  by  their  grandparents  Curren  in 
Virginia  and  remained  until  1841,  when  they 
returned  to  their  uncle  in  Missouri.  In  1845 
Hugh  and  GeorgeCurren, with  their  two  nephews, 
Hugh  and  William,  started  for  Oregon.  They 
brought  out  100  head  of  cows.  The  train  num- 
bered about  forty  wagons  and  about  125  people, 
with  Samuel  Brown,  a  mountaineer  and  trapper 
of  the  Kocky  mountains,  as  captain.  Theconi- 
pany  were  constantly  or.  guard  as  the  Indians 
were  very  troublesome,  frequently  surrounding 
the  train,  but  by  constant  vigilance,  after  five 
months  of  travel,  they  landed  at  the  Dalles  with- 
out any  serious  loss  of  stock  or  any  loss  of  life. 
Hugh  Fields  drove  three  yoke  of  oxen  from 
Henry  county  and  lost  but  three  days  on  the  en- 
tire trip.  Leaving  their  wjigons  at  the  Dalles 
they  secured  pack  horses  and  started  with  eight 


days  provisions  across  the  mountains  for  the 
Willamette  valley,  their  only  road  being  an  In- 
(han  trail.  Flight  days  were  consumed  in  reach- 
ing the  summi*',  as  the  snow  was  plentifid  and 
the  trail  obscure  and  dilKcult.  On  the  summit 
they  met  a  party  in  search  of  the  Harlow  party, 
who  were  lost  in  the  mountains.  From  them 
the  Curren  party  secured  some  tlour  and  they 
killed  some  of  their  poor  animals  for  meat. 
Sub8e(iiiently  Messrs  Harlow  and  Jiector  came 
to  their  camj)  and  Mr.  Fields  cooked  the  first 
meal  the  j)oor  half-starved  men  had  eaten  for 
sevciral  days.  Proceeding  they  at  last  reached 
the  valley  at  Foster's  camp  after  sixteen  days  in 
the  mountains.  The  Currens  then  located  two 
sections  near  Foster's  and  engaged  in  farming. 
Their  food  the  first  winter  was  deer  meat  and 
"  slap-jacks "' cooked  on  a  clapboard  standing 
in  front  of  a  roaring  fire.  The  Indians  were 
quite  troul)lesome  on  account  of  the  settlement 
of  their  lands,  but  pence  was  at  last  restored  by 
giving  them  two  ueef  cattle  and  a  barbecue, 
after  which  they  went  out  and  blazed  upon  the 
trees  that  formed  their  boundaries  of  their  claims. 
In  the  summer  of  184(5  Hugh  Fields  assisted 
in  building  the  Harlow  road  over  the  mountains 
and  for  two  seasons  he  stayed  with  his  uncle, 
but  with  strong  teams  assisted  the  emigrants 
across  the  mountains,  thus  saving  the  property 
of  many  lielated  travelers,  whose  teams  were  ex- 
hausted l)y  the  long  journey.  In  the  fall  of 
1848  Hugh  struck  out  for  the  mines,  packing 
across  the  mountains,  with  a  company  of  thirty 
men.  They  spent  the  winter  at  Hangtown,  and 
during  the  day  that  the  first  criminals  were 
hung,  Hugh  Fields  washed  out  $300  in  gold 
dust.  lie  used  a  cedar  bark  washer  and  re-washed 
ground  already  worked.  lie  mined  until  the 
summer  of  1849  and  had  to  leave  them  because 
of  sickness,  but  he  took  with  him  §4,000  in  gold. 
He  landed  in  Oregon  in  September.  He  passed 
the  winter  at  tiie  school  of  Dr.  Spaulding  and 
purchased  640  acres  of  land  two  miles  east  of 
Hrownsville.  One  half  of  the  property  he  gave 
to  his  brother  William,  who  died  in  1802.  Mr. 
Field  still  owns  his  original  320  acres.  This 
original  farm  is  increased  by  1,000  acres  more 
that  Mr.  Field  has  purchased.  In  the  spring 
of  1850  Mr.  Fields  entered  into  a  partnership 
with  H.  L.  Brown  in  his  little  store  at  Hrowns- 
ville. William  Curren  and  he  ran  the  pack 
train  across  to  Vreka,  California,  where  they 
built  the  first  house  of  logs  and  covered  it  with 
beef  skins,  and   there  started   a  trading  post. 


am 


HIsroHY    OF    oHfiUON. 


li-i!1 


Tliey  also  di<l  packing  to  .lackeonvillo  luid  Alt- 
lioi)8e,  Boiitliurii  Oregiiii,  wliicli  uoiitiniitMl  for 
tliroe  yeHi'H,  Imt  tliu  partiiui-Hliip  in  the  littlo 
stofL-  contimunl  until  alwiit  185tt.  Mr.  Fielil 
Buttloii  upon  his  t'lirni  uiitl  foiluwed  tanning  and 
Btock-raihinif  until  1*S7(I,  when  hu  rentoii  his 
farm  and  moved  to  Ihnatilla,  Morrow  connty. 
Here  lie  coiitiiiued  hia  husinesn  of  farminf^  and 
Btoek-raisinj;;,  now  owning  ti,0()()  aereH  of  hind 
and  carrying  liboiit  400  iiead  of  lioraes,  100  heail 
of  cattle  and  20,000  head  of  ^^heop.  The  nucleus 
of  liirt  horst'B  was  three  maren  wliich  he  picked 
lip  in  the  Willamette  valley  in  1858,  from  which 
liave  sprung  upward  of  2,000  horses.  Mr.  Fieldw 
h»»  sntfered  from  four  disantrous  seasons.  In 
1852  he  lost  $7,000  worth  of  fat  cattle  from  the 
cold  weather;  in  18(52,  400  head  of  cattle;  in 
1870,  100  head  of  I'attle,  ami  in  1889,  11,000 
sheep,  valued  at  $35,000. 

In  1878  he  moved  hin  family  to  Urownsville, 
where  they  have  since  resided,  he  journeying 
back  and  forth  to  his  ranches.  In  188t)  hehuilL 
his  >paciou.s  and  elegant  residence,  Ktted  with 
all  the  modern  improvements  for  ease  and  com- 
fort, lie  owns  other  property  in  Urownsville 
and  valuable  improved  property  in  I\)rtland. 
Me  was  engaged  in  the  first  woolen  milling  in- 
terest in  the  city  of  Hrownsville  in  18fiO,  and  in 
1889  was  one  of  the  syndicate  to  buy  the  Hrowns- 
ville  millit.g  property,  and  to  organize  the  Eagle 
Woolen  Mill  Company,  he  also  being  one  of  the 
directors.  In  1889  he  helped  organize  the  P'irst 
National  iknk  of  (roldendale,  Washington,  and 
is  now  vice-presi<lent  and  director.  He  helped 
organize  the  First  National  Hank  of  Hepner, 
Morrow  county.  He  is  a  shrewd,  cautious  iinsi- 
""ss  man  with  keen  foresight  and  sound  judg- 
ment, "ud  his  success  is  entirely  due  to  persis- 
tent, persevering  effort. 

In  1855  Mr.  Fields  married  Miss  Sidney 
Younger,  daughter  of  Littleton  Younger,  a  pi- 
oneer of  1852.  She  died  in  May,  1889,  and  Mr. 
Fields  married  for  the  necond  time,  October  11, 
1891,  Miss  Dora  Skillman  of  Kentucky. 


fACOB  1).  lUTTER,  of  Clackamas  county, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  tlie  State  of  Illinois 
May  20,  1852,  and  when  three  years  of  age 
crossed  tht  plains  to  Oregon  with  his  father, 
John  Hitter. 

John  Ritter  was  a  native  of  Austria,  born  in 


the  mountains  of  Tyrol  in  April,  1819,  of  Aus- 
trian parents,  who  came  to  America  in  1825 
and  settled  in  the  State  of  t'ennsylvania,  where 
they  lived  honest  and  industrious  lives  and 
where  they  died,  the  father  in  his  si.\ty-tirst 
year,  and  the  mother  a  year  later,  aged  Hfty-two. 

Mr.  Hitter  was  the  third  born  and  is  now  the 
only  survivor  of  the  family  of  five  children.  In 
1843,  after  the  death  of  his  parents,  lie  went  to 
Illinois,  and  resided  there  and  in  Iowa  and 
Missouri  until  1855,  when  he  came  to  Oregon 
with  the  Aurora  (lolony  Company.  He  was 
not,  however,  a  member  of  the  company.  Ho 
had  married  on  the  7th  of  October,  1850,  Miss 
l-ydia  Nygh,  who  was  lion  Juniata  county, 
Pennsylvania,  .April  27,  They  liad  two 

children:    Jacob  D.  and  The  latter  is 

now  the  wife  of  Mr.  West  uubbiris  and  resides 
in  Oregon  City.  Upon  arriving  in  Oregon  they 
came  from  Walla  Walla  to  the  Dalles  during 
the  Indian  war,  and  remained  at  the  Dalles  two 
years.  They  then  came  to  (Jregon  City  and 
pnrclia8e<l  a  farm  of  320  acres  in  (Mackamas 
county,  sixteen  miles  southeast  of  Oregon  City. 
Hero  they  spent  twenty-three  years  of  their 
lives,  and  by  honest  industry  and  economy  im- 
proved the  place  and  prospered.  In  1889  Mr. 
Hitter  sold  out  and  came  to  Aurora,  and  built 
the  little  home  in  which  he  is  now  spending  the 
evening  of  a  useful  and  honorable  life.  His 
wife  died  September  11,  1892.  They  had  seven 
children:  Their  daughter,  Mary  W.,  married  a 
Mr.  Hrant  and  resides  in  Oregon  City;  Caroline 
E.  married  a  Mr.  Strickland  and  resides  in 
Idaho;  Amelia  M.  is  now  Mrs.  W.  Herat,  of 
Aurora;  and  A.M.;  Annie  married  Mr.  Frank 
M.  Berry  and  resides  in  Alaska  Mr.  Hitter  is 
a  man  of  intelligence  and  has  pronounced  views 
of  his  own.  He  takes  the  Bible  alone  for  the 
rule  of  his  faith  and  practice,  and  is  very  inde- 

f)endent   in  his   line  of  thought.     His  parents 
eft  Austria  because  it  was  under  Catholic  rule 
and  came  to  America  to  enjoy  liberty. 

When  Mr.  Hitter,  his  wife  and  little  children 
escaped  from  the  murderous  Indians  at  Walla 
Walla  they  came  away  with  what  they  had  on 
their  backs  and  $3  in  money,  and  before  they 
were  out  of  idght  of  tboir  humble  dwelling  they 
saw  its  8inoi<c,  it  having  been  tired  by  the  In- 
dians. So  they  began  life  in  Oregon  with  noth- 
ing but  willing  hands  and  strong  hearts.  He 
cut  wood  and  she  washed,  and  thus  they  began 
to  make  their  way  in  the  new  territory.     They 


E9 


UlHTOnV    OF    oltKUON. 


668 


worked  Imrd  Htid  richly  {lenerve  the  property 
tliuy  «o  lioiu'Htly  carncil. 

Thi'ir  Hon,  .Iiiiiiow  I).,  ruiiiaiiieil  itt  hoinc  with 
hit*  liitiu'r  until  liiH  tw(>nty-rtec(in<l  yi-iir,  \viii;n  liu 
went  to  Portland  anil  workrd  lit  thu  ciirpeiitiirrt' 
trad)',  latiM'  at  paiiitini;,  anil  wax  aUo  for  a  time 
enKngfd  in  farming.  In  lS7t5  he  engafjeii  in 
the  hntc.horin^  huHineoH,  di8pot)iii)j;  of  hin  meat 
in  I'ortland,  running  wagons  in  tlio  country 
ami  doing  a  roniiinerative  IniHiiiesH.  He  has 
where  he  renides  twenty-nine  acres  of  land,  on 
which  he  has  hiiilt  a  good   residence. 

In  ISSO  he  marrii  I  Miss  (latlierine  M.  Ziin- 
mernian,  a  native  n  Missonri,  horn  Fehniary  2, 
I8fi2,  daughter  of  David  Zimmerman.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  liitter  have  ti.x  children,  three  sons  and 
three  daughters:  Chester  I).,  Alice  E..  Percy 
.).,  Kndolph  William,  Hayaila  and  Grace. 

Mr.  Hitter  is  in  politics  a  liepiihlican,  and  is 
a  well-known,  eiijialile  and  enterprising  hiisiness 
man  and  a  good  citizen,  and  was  tor  a  time  en- 
gaged in  the  merchandise  hnsiness  at  Neely, 
Oregon,  and  was  also  Postmaster  at  that  place, 
and  he  is  also  at  present  Notary  Public. 


fAVII)  GRANT,  deceased,  was  one  of 
Oregon's  worthy  pioneers  of  1844.  He 
was  born  in  (!ocke  county,  Tennessee, 
August  27,  1810,  son  of  Richard  and  Rachel 
(Mc('oy)  Grant,  both  natives  of  Tennessee.  His 
parents  were  well-to  do  fanners  and  had  a  fam- 
ily of  eight  children,  six  sons  and  two  daughters. 
They  moved  from  Tennessee  to  Missouri  when 
David  was  ten  years  old.  There  he  grew  to 
manhood,  and  March  12,  1839,  married  Miss 
America  Gilliam.  She  was  born  in  Missouri, 
December  18,  1823,  oldest  daughter  of  Gen- 
eral Cornelius  Gilliam  and  his  wife,  nee  Mary 
Crawford. 

Ill  1844  General  Gilliam  organized  a  com- 
pany, and  with  his  wife  and  eight  children,  Mr. 
Grant  and  his  wife  and  two  children,  and  others, 
started  May  10  on  the  long  overland  journey 
for  Oregon,  reaching  their  destination  Decem- 
ber 21,  1844.  General  Gilliaiii  commanded  this 
company.  Upon  his  arrival  here  ho  settled  on 
a  donation  claim  near  where  the  city  of  Dallas 
is  now  located.  He  subsequently  sold  this 
property  and  took  up  his  abode  on  the  Lucka- 
mute,  where  he  resided  until  the  massacre  of 
Whitman.   Ho  then   commanded  a  company  of 


the  settlers  and  went  to  tight  the  Indians. 
Marching  with  his  coinmand  after  snpplie.-^  and 
recruits,  they  arrived  at  Wells  Springs,  where 
he  met  with  an  accident  that  cost  him  his  life. 
While  taking  a  rope  from  the  wagon,  intending 
to  tie  his  horse  with  it,  a  loaded  gun  with  the 
ramrod  in  it  was  accidently  discharged.  The 
rod  struck  hii'  htwl,  he  fell  and  almost  instantly 
expired.  He  was  one  of  the  bravest  pioneers 
that  ever  landed  in  Oregon,  and  his  untimely 
death  was  a  source  of  great  bereavement  to  his 
family  and  to  all  the  early  settlers  who  knew 
him.  He  was  not  oidy  a  brave  soldier  and  good 
citiz((n,  Init  was  also  an  earnest  Christian  and  a 
iSaptist  minister.  His  widow  survived  him 
thirty  years,  her  death  occurring  in  1878.  She, 
too,  was  an  earnest  (Christian,  being  noted  for 
her  generosity  and  hospitality.  She  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  Church.  Four  of  her  fam- 
ily are  still  living,  one  of  which  is  Hon.  W.  8. 
(Tilliam  of  Walla  Walla,  W'ashiiigton,  all  occu- 
pying useful  and  honorable  positions  in  society. 

Upon  their  arrival  in  Oregon  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Grant  took  a  donation  claim  of  040  acres,  one 
mile  east  of  where  thecity  of  Dallas  now  stands. 
Here  they  built  a  little  log  cabin.  Their  bed- 
stead was  made  of  poles.  The  rest  of  their 
furniture  comprised  a  frying-pan,  a  skillet, 
an  iron  pot,  two  chairs  and  their  bedding. 
Here  they  worked  hard  from  1845  till  1880, 
during  which  time  their  well -directed  labor 
developed  this  farm  into  one  of  the  most  val- 
uable properties  in  this  vicinity.  Mr.  Grant 
died  of  consumption  December  2'J,  1880.  His 
life  was  such  that  he  gained  the  respect  and 
good-will  of  all  with  whom  ho  came  in  con- 
contact.  Alttiough  he  took  little  interest  in 
political  matters  his  views  were  in  harmony 
with  Democratic  principles  and  he  always 
voted  that  ticket.  He  was  a  devoted  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  Church  South,  as  also  is 
Mrs.  Grant. 

The  two  children  they  brought  with  them 
across  the  plains  were  William  and  Mary  Ann. 
The  former  has  a  family  and  resides  in  Dallas. 
The  latter  died  March  21,  1845,  at  the  age  of 
two  years.  They  had  two  other  children,  viz.: 
Margaret  Jane,  born  November  12.  1847,  is  the 
wife  of  William  Elkins  and  lives  in  Dallas;  and 
Martha  Ellei  ,  born  June  7,  1858,  wife  of  Mon- 
roe Bnrford,  died  in  her  thirtieth  year,  leaving 
one  child. 

Mr.  Grant  had  retired  from  the  farm  in  1879, 
purchased  property  in  Dallas  and   built  a  resi- 


664 


JJIiiTOny    OF    OUMOON. 


i. '         Tlri 


'iil 


dence  there.  In  this  home  Mrs.  Grant  still 
lives.  After  his  deafh  his  part  of  the  land  was 
sold  I'or  ^8,000  and  the  money  divided  atuonf^ 
the  children.  Mrs.  Grant  still  retains  her  por- 
tion of  the  estate.  She  owns  and  rents  seven 
dwellings  in  I^allas. 

Personally  Mrs.  Grunt  is  a  woman  ot' marked 
intelligence.  Now,  at  the  age  of  sixty-nine 
years,  she  has  handsonii-  black  eyes,  is  tall  and 
straight,  and  well  preserved,  liotii  mentally  and 
physically.  Few  liave  a  larger  circle  of  friends 
and  held  in  higher  esteem  than  she. 

For  thirty-nine  years  Mrs.  Grant  had  in  her 
possession  a  lock  of  Mrs.  Whitman's  hair,whicli 
was  taken  from  her  liead  after  she  was  killed 
by  the  Indians.  Mrs.  Grant  received  it  from 
one  of  the  volnnteer  soldiers,  who  had  secured 
it.  After  keeping  it  so  long  and  fearing  that 
it  might  get  lost  she  presented  it  to  Whitman 
College,  where  it  is  treasured  as  a  memorial  of 
that  martyred  lady. 

fYliUS  BIJELL,  a  highly  est(3emed  Oregon 
pioneer  of  184:7,  and  one  of  Polk  county's 
most  prosperous  farmers,  was  born  in  In- 
diana, December  19,  1836.  His  father,  Elias 
Buell,  was  born  in  Benton,  New  York, July  2(t, 
17'J7.  William  Buell,  the  ancestor  of  the  ISuell 
family  in  Amei-ica,  was  one  of  the  Pilgrim  Fa- 
thers, coming  from  England  in  the  Mayflower 
and  landing  at  Plymouth  itock.  Grandfather 
Samuel  Buell  was  l)orn  at  Fort  Edward,  Now 
York,  in  1703,  and  (Trandniother  Buell,  nee 
Jerusha  (iriswold,  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
born  in  177().  They  were  married  in  1790,  and 
of  their  seven  children,  Elias,  our  subject's  fa- 
tiier,  was  the  oldest. 

Elias--  Buell  was  married  in  Maryland,  October 
1S(,  1817,  to  Miss  Sarah  Hammond,  who  was 
born  in  Maryland,  January  'I'l,  1800.  Her  fa- 
ther, Lott  Ilainmond,  was  of  New  York  ances- 
tiy.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Buell  worked  at 
his  trade,  that  of  blacksmith.  In  the  early  days 
he  was  C(jn verted  and  joined  the  Methodist 
(Uinrvli,  and  all  his  life  was  a  firm  tidherent  to 
that  faith.  He  and  his  wife  have  had  a  family 
of  nine  children,  three  of  whom  had  died  in 
infancy,  and  in  1817,  .vith  his  wife  and  surviv- 
ing children,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon. 
The  children  who  made  tlie  journey  with  them 
are  as  follows:    Elizabe'h,    now  the  widow    of 


Nathan  Conner;  Caroline  first  married  Mr. 
Finley,  and  after  his  death  became  the  wife  of 
Mr.  Courtney;  Enieline  married  Thomas  Blair, 
had  nine  children  and  died  in  1877;  Melissa,  a 
resident  of  Polk  county,  has  been  twice  nia.- 
ried  and  is  now  a  widow,  her  tirst  husband  being 
Isaac  Ilinsliaw,  and  the  second,  Mr.  Vanhorn; 
Paulina  married  Daniel  liowelland  had  si.\  chil- 
dren, of  whom  two  died  in  infancy,  she  and  her  en- 
tire fatnily  being  lost  at  sea  on  the  Brother  Jona- 
than while  making  the  return  voyage  from  the 
East  in  18t)5;  Cyrus;  and  Sarah  Ann,  who  njar- 
ried  Robert  McKune,  died  in  her  tifty-lirst  year, 
leaving  seven  children.  Mr.  Buell  started  with 
his  family  from  Mahaska  county,  Iowa,  in  1840, 
and  got  as  far  as  Holt  county,  Missouri,  where 
they  spent  the  winter,  continuing  their  way 
westward  the  following  spring.  His  brother, 
Samuel  Buell,  and  his  wife  and  six  children 
were  in  the  company;  also  Mr.  Buell's  two  sons- 
in-law,  Finley  and  Conner.  After  a  safe  jour- 
ney of  8i.\  months'  duration,  th^^,  made  the  tirst 
stop  at  Vancouver,  where  they  remained  during 
the  winter  and  learned  all  they  could  of  the 
country.  In  the  spring  of  1848  they  came  to 
the  northern  part  of  Polk  county,  took  claim  to 
a  section  of  land,  built  a  log  house,  and  moved 
in,  their  relations  settling  near  them. 

In  the  fall  of  1848  Mr.  Buell  went  overland 
to  California  and  mined  on  the  American  river, 
and  the  following  spring  retu:-ned  with  $2,000, 
the  result  of  his  mining.  He  then  built  a  saw- 
mill and  .'I  flouring  mill  on  his  donation  claim 
on  Mill  creek,  eight  miles  south  of  the  present 
site  of  Sheridan.  These  mills  were  of  great 
value  to  the  settlers  in  that  part  of  the  country. 
He  was  the  prime  mover  in  the  Methodist 
Chapel  on  Mill  creak,  which  was  named  in  honor 
of  liiin.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
conducted  his  farming  operations  and  ran  his 
mills  until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1871,  in  the 
Bcventy-f-  ,'rth  year  of  his  age.  His  wife  died 
in  1885.  Both  were  earnest  Christians  and  typi- 
cal pioneers,  people  distinguished  for  their  hon- 
esty, their  geniality  and  their  hospitality,  and 
loveii   by  all  who  knew  them. 

Cyrns  Buell  remained  with  his  father  until 
tli'j  latter's  death,  and  the  donation  claim  was 
lert  to  hiir.  He  remained  on  it  utitil  1874, 
wiieii  he  came  to  his  present  locality,  one  mile 
south  of  Sheridan.  Here  he  purchased  240  acres 
of  land,  afterward  added  to  it,  and  is  now  the 
owner  of  485  acres,  one  of  the  finest  tracts  of 
farming   land  in  the    county.     He  raises  large 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


865 


crops  of  grain  <and  also  gives  tiuicli  attention  to 
tlie  stock  busineBB,  raising  shorthorn  cattle. 
Clydesdale  and  Olevelatid  l)ay  liorses,  and  Cots- 
wold  and  Merino  sheep. 

July  30,  1859,  he  married  Mies  Amanda  Ellen 
Carey,  who  was  horn  in  Illinois  in  1843,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Carey.  Her  father  was  horii  in 
Philadelphia  in  18U3.  came  to  Oregon  -  184V, 
settled  on  a  donation  claim  near  \)p.Oi:,  r-..n 
Hill  county,  and  subsequently  moved  ic  'rdc- 
pendenee.  Polk  county,  where  he  diei!  In  his 
seventy-ninth  year.  His  wife  lived  to  be  eighty- 
two.  They  reared  a  family  of  eight  children, 
all  of  whom  are  settled  on  the  Pacific  coast,  oc- 
cupying useful  and  honorable  positions  in  life. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jluoll  have  had  six  children,  four 
of  whom  are  living.  Charles  Walter,  born  Sep- 
tember 10,  18()0,  is  married  and  resides  on  a 
farm  near  his  father.  The  other  children  are  at 
home  and  arc  as  follows;  Marion  H.,  born  Feb- 
ruary 25,  1862;  Frank  Lawrence,  November  15, 
1803;  and    Laura   Belle,  November   25,  1866. 

Mr.  Buell  afliliated  with  the  Republican  party 
during  its  early  history  and  until  the  past  eight 
years,  now  giving  his  support  to  the  Prohibi- 
tion cause. 


— cJh 


^* 


••«=- 


fEROME  DORNSIFE  of  Independence, 
Oregon,  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and 
prosperous  business  men  of  that  place.  He 
was  born  in  Ohio,  i  i  1845,  the  son  of  Henry 
Louis  Dornsife,  a  luitive  of  Maryland,  '?orn 
1819.  The  fam'lv  is  of  German  ancestry.  The 
grandfather,  H'.  ronymous  Dornsife,  was  born 
in  Frankenberg,  Kerrhessen,  Germany,  in  1781, 
who  for  public  services  rendered  was  released 
from  serving  the  required  time  in  the  (ierman 
army,  and  was  given  his  passport  to  America. 
He  embarked  with  family  of  two  brothers,  and 
after  a  perilous  voyage  of  more  than  four  months, 
landed  safely,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 
Henry  L.  Dornsife  came  to  Ohio  in  1842,  and 
there  married  Martha  A.  Trego,  a  native  of 
lioss  county,  Ohio,  and  they  have  had  six  chil- 
dren. They  came  west  to  Iowa,  where  in  1858 
the  wife  died. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch,  then  thirteen  years 
of  age,  was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and 
resided  with  his  father  until  his  eighteenth  year; 
when  the  great  civil  war  was  at  its  worst  he 
enlisted,  in    1864,   in    Company    I,  First  Iowa 


Cavalry,  served  with  his  company  in  Arkansas, 
Tennessee,  Mississij)pi,  Louisiana  and  Texas, 
under  command  of  General  Steele  first,  then  in 
1865-'66  was  under  command  of  the  brave  Gen- 
eral Custer.  He  was  honorably  discharged 
March  16,  1866;  he  then  retired  to  home  in 
Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  on  shares 
with  his  father. 

In  1869  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
liebecca  Nelson,  daughter  of  Isaac  \V.  and 
Phoebe  Nelson,  nee  Harper,  both  natives  of 
Pendleton  county.  West  Virginia.  They  were 
married  in  1885,  and  came  west  to  Iowa  on 
horseback  in  1886.  Mr.  Nelson's  house  was 
erected  from  trees  felled  by  his  own  hand,  sur- 
rounded by  the  red  men  of  the  forest  almost 
entirely,  wlioses  chiefs,  Black  Hawk  and  old 
Keokuk,  have  part.iken  of  the  hospitality  of 
this  worthy  couple,  who  occupied  their  home 
until  their  death.  She  died  in  1888,  at  the  age 
of  seventy-two  years,  he  in  1889,  aged  seventy- 
eight. 

Mr.  Nelson  was  at  one  time  one  of  the  larg- 
est landholders  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Airs. 
J.  Dornsife  came  to  Oregon  in  1871.  To  this 
couple  two  children  were  born,  Alice  in  1872, 
and  Van  Isaac  in  1882.  They  located  on  a  farm 
three  miles  north  of  Independence,  purchased 
106  acres  of  land,  and  afterward  added  100 
more.  He  improved  the  property  and  resided 
on  it  sixteen  years.  In  1891  he  sold  it  and 
purchased  the  Opera  House,  a  desirable  piece 
of  property,  in  Independence,  which  he  still 
owns.  It  is  55x90  feet,  fronting  on  Main 
street.  The  first  floor  is  used  for  store  purposes, 
the  remainder  for  opera  house  and  offices. 

Mr.  J.  Dornsife  was,  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Motor  Company  and  all  of  the  real-estate 
enterprises  that  have  grown  out  of  it.  He  is 
one  of  the  managers  of  the  road  which  went  in- 
to operation  in  August,  1890;  is  now  conductor 
of  same.  He  is  jjresident  of  the  Polk  county 
Land  Company,  which  owns  300  acres  of  land 
along  the  line  of  this  road,  that  is  destined  to 
become  very  valuable.  They  platted  their  prop- 
erty and  are  selling  lots  at  SlOO  jier  lot.  He  is 
also  connected  with  the  Park  Association  and 
fair  grounds  and  race  track,  and  he  is  one  of 
the  owners  of  the  e'ectric  light  plant  of  this  city. 

He  is  u  Master  Mason,  a  Republican  in 
politics  and  a  thorough  good  man.  He  has 
interested  himself  in  the  educational  matters 
of  the  township,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
School  Board.     In    business  he  is  wise,  care- 


660 


niSTOllY    OF    OREGON. 


fill  aiiJ  ro'.la'jio  ami  desij^ns  to  do  all  in  his 
power  for  the  advancement  and  iuiprovoniont 
of  Independence.  lie  ami  his  wile  helped  to 
organize  the  Grange  in  their  county  and  were 
important  members  of  same. 


f^^ 


fROFESSOR  ASA  .J.  GARLAND,  princi- 
pal of  the  pulilic  schools  of  Prineville, 
<)regon,  was  born  in  Harnstead,  New 
Hampshire,  November  21,  1843.  He  is  of 
Puritan  stock,  being  tlie  sixth  in  descent  from 
John  Garland  of  England,  who  came  to  this 
country  in  lt)70  antl  settled  in  Hampton,  New 
Hampsiiire. 

His  parents,  Asa  and  Betsey  (Chesley)  Gar- 
land were  married  in  1888.  They  had  never 
known  the  luxuries  of  wealth,  but  by  their  own 
industry  and  frugality  acquired  ])roperty,  not 
rapidly  but  surely.  In  tiie  house  where  they 
were  married  they  lived  for  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury and  reared  a  family  of  six  children,  all  of 
whom  they  educated  quite  liberally  for  those 
times.  Asa  (iarland  died  in  1882,  at  the  age 
of  aixtv-eight  years;  the  other  members  of  the 
family  still  survive. 

Asa  J.  attended  the  public  schools  of  his  na- 
tive town  until  he  »vas  sixteen  years  of  age,  when 
he  commenced  teaciiing.  In  1860  he  entered 
Wolfborough  Academy,  witli  theintention  of  pre- 
paring for  college.  Teaching  during  the  winter 
montliB  and  at  the  same  time  carrying  along 
the  studies  of  the  academy,  he  completed  the 
coureejof  study  in  1862.  When  principal  of  the 
academy  at  Harton,  Vermont,  in  1866,  he  first 
niet  Miss  Lucy  Owen,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Daniel 
Owen,  a  wealthy  and  influential  citizen  of  that 
town.  In  18<)8  Prof.  Garland  and  Miss  Owen 
were  married  and  the  next  year  they  pushed 
their  way  westward  and  settled  in  Meeker 
county,  Minnesota,  where  they  were  engaged  in 
the  public  school  work  most  of  time  for  the 
next  twelve  years.  IjCaving  the  active  work 
of  teaching  for  a  season,  they  entered  upon 
eei)arate  courses  of  study  in  tlie  ^formal  (col- 
lege at  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  where  Prof.  Gar- 
land graduated  in  1888,  receiving  the  degree 
of  Machelor  of  Arts.  Soon  after  this  they  went 
to  Monticeilo,  Arkansas,  to  take  charge  of  the 
high  school  (jf  that  city.  They  did  not  want 
for  patronage  iti    this  school,  but  in  time  they 


wearied  of  the  annoyances  to  wiiicii  they  were 
subjected  by  the  "chivalry''  and  in  1887  Mrs. 
Garland  entered  again  the  college  at  Valparaiso 
to  complete  the  courses  of  study  in  Elocution 
and  Fine  Arts,  which  she  had  commenced  there 
several  years  previously.  Graduating  in  both 
courses  the  next  year,  she  joined  her  husband  at 
Wilbur,  Oregon,  where  ho  was  principal  of  the 
time-honored  institution  at  that  place,  the  Ump- 
qna  Academy. 

Iking  thoroughly  equipped  for  all  kinds  of 
school  work,  they  applied  for  the  public  schools 
of  the  city  of  Hrownsvilleand  entered  upon  their 
duties  there  in  1889. 

Under  their  charge  the  Urownsville  schools 
have  undergone  a  complete  transformation. 
They  have  been  thoroughly  organized  and 
graded,  a  library  founded,  and  in  three  years 
the  enrollment  has  doubled.  Prof,  and  Mrs. 
Garland  have  also  introduced  as  system  of  sketch 
and  map  drawing,  which  is  very  popular  and 
yields  excellent  results. 

This  school  under  their  charge  has  made 
rapid  progress  and  has  taken  rank  with  the  best 
schools  of  the  coast. 

In  1892  the  School  Hoard  of  Prineville  ex- 
tended their  course  of  study  so  as  to  include  all 
the  branches  required  for  a  State  Life  Diplonia. 
Prof,  and  Mrs.  Garland  were  elected  for  the 
two  highest   positions   which   they   still  retain. 

Prof,  and  Mrs.  Garland  have  two  children, 
Asa  Owen  ami  John  Harnard.  The  Professor 
is  a  member  of  a  blue  lodge  and  chapter  V. 
&  A.  M.  ^  ^ 

Prof,  and  Mrs.  Garland  have  performed  a 
good  work  in  their  chosen  profession.  In  their 
present  position  the  constantly  increasing  at- 
tendance attests  their  popularity  as  teachers. 


ICERO  L.  HOGAN,  a  native  son  of  Ore- 
gon, is  prominent  as  a  wholesale  and 
retail  dealer  in  saddles  and  harness  in  the 
city  of  Portland.  The  business  of  which  he  is 
the  owner  was  established  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Congle 
in  1862.  Mr.  liogan  was  born  in  I'ortland  on 
November  16, 1860.  His  father,  Patrick  Ilogaii, 
came  to  Oregon  in  1854,  and  was  for  many  years 
one  of  Portland's  active  business  men,  being 
engaged  all  his  life  in  Portland  in  the  transfer 
and  forwarding  business  and  enjoyiMJ  the  fullest 
confidence  of  the  community.     He  had  re8ide<l 


'<    '! 


HISTORT    OF    OREGON. 


867 


in  Portland  twenty-nine  years,  and  lie  lived  such 
a  life  as  to  lie  one  of  Portland's  honored  and 
respected  citizens. 

Cicero  was  raised  and  educated  in  Portland 
and  learned  the  business,  in  which  he  is  now 
en}rap;ed,  and  in  1888,  upon  the  death  of  its 
founder,  became  its  owner,  and  has  since  con- 
trolled it.  Success  followed  him  in  his  manage- 
ment, and  he  has  met  with  very  satisfactory 
results  from  the  larfre  business  that  extends  all 
over  the  the  Northwest.  Mr.  Ilogan  is  proud 
of  Ills  State  and  of  the  city,  in  which  he  was 
born  and  raised.  He  is  an  intelligent  business 
man,  and  gives  the  whole  of  bis  time  and  atten- 
tion to  his  business. 

SON.  JESSE   B.   STUMP,  an  honored  pio- 
neer of  the  State  of  Oregon,  and  one  of  her 
most  sue      "<t'ul  ap;riculturi8t8,  is  descended 
from  ancestoi  ■  f migrated  to  America  prior 

to  the  Revohiiii.i  ,1  ^fttled  in  Maryland;  his 
paternal  grandfatlior  p,irticipHri  ■!  in  tlie  strug- 
gle tor  liberty,  liis  latlier  Im  Stump,  was  a 
native  of  Maryland,  but  removed  to  Ohio  aboii' 
the  year  1800,  being  a  pioneer  <  ,  the  IJuckey 
State;  there  he  married  Miss  Rebecca  Summer, 
a  native  of  Maryland,  ami  to  them  were  born 
fifteen  children,  nine  of  whom  still  survive, 
Jesse  P.  Stump,  the  subject  of  this  notice,  was 
the  eighth  born;  his  birthplace  is  1"  Hay, 
Ohio,  and  the  date,  September  15, 1832;  he  was 
reared  on  the  farm  belonging  to  his  father,  and 
attended  the  pioneer  schools  of  his  day.  lie 
taught  school  for  two  years,  and  in  18ri  I 
started  for  the  West,  driving  a  band  of 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon;  there  were  uuir 
men  in  the  company,  and  they  made  the  journey 
nearly  all  the  way  on  foot,  consuming  five 
months;  they  kept  the  sheep  two  years,  then 
drove  them  to  the  bay  of  San  Francisco,  and 
there  sold  them  at  a  nice  prolit.  Mr.  Stump 
taught  school  for  five  years  at  Monmouth,  and 
then  purchased  a  section  of  land,  which  he  occu- 
pied and  improved;  he  was  very  industrious, 
and  as  his  means  increased  he  invested  in  addi- 
tional lands,  until  in  1887  he  was  the  the  owner 
of  a  choice  2,000  acres. 

While  he  has  given  close  attention  to  busi- 
ness, Mr.  Stump  has  not  been  wholly  absorbed 
in  self,  but  has  found  time  to  devote  to  those 
questions  and   movements  which  are  of  general 


interest  to  the  public.  He  cast  his  first  |)resi- 
dential  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln.  His  fellow- 
citizens  testified  to  their  confidem-e  in  his 
integrity  and  ability  by  electing  him  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1807;  he  discharged 
his  duties  with  credit,  alike  to  himself  and  his 
constituency.  Since  18(39  he  has  been  an  active 
member  of  the  Grange,  and  in  1891  was  State 
Treasurer  of  the  order. 

Mr.  Stump  was  happily  married  in  1859,  to 
Miss  Martha  A.  Davidson,  a  native  of  Illinois, 
and  a  daughter  of  (Jarter  T.  Davidson;  this 
union  was  blessed  by  the  birth  of  three  soii^^  and 
a  daughter;  William  A.  and  Arthur  A.  died 
just  as  they  reached  maturity;  they  were  young 
men  of  great  promise  and  their  loss  was  d(t;|iiy 
mourned  by  tlieir  bereaved  family;  Jessie  Helle 
and  Fred  Newton  are  with  their  parents.  Mr. 
Stump  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  People's 
Transportation  Company,  which  built  two 
steamooats  and  carried  on  a  freight  and  passen- 
ger l)U8itiess  tor  two  years,  selling  out  at  the 
end  of  that  time  to  the  Oregon  Uuili'oiid  and 
Na\igation  Company.  In  1887  he  retirii  I'rom 
his  rancii  and  purchased  a  plea,--aiit  residence  in 
Salem,  where  he  lives  with  his  family,  sur- 
rounded with  many  comforts.  He  is  one  of 
Oregon's  most  prosperous  agricnltuiists,  and  is 
Worthy  of  the  high  estt  imm  in  which  he  is  held. 
H  is  associat<!d  with  the  Unitarian  Society, 
Him  I-  aiding  in  the  building  of  the  church  now 
in  course  of  construction. 

"*'   ^-^=J '^^■{'■f^'^ '•  '•■ 

§ENRY  WILBERN,  genera!  merchant, 
Eagle  Creek,  Oregon,  and  one  of  tiie  most 
prominent  business  men  of  Clackamas 
county,  was  born  in  (Tcrmany,  September  H, 
1833.' 

Mr.  Wilbern  dates  his  arrival  in  Aine"'"a 
when  he  was  twelve  years  old,  and  in  185^  !i.' 
came  to  San  Francisco.  Like  most  of  the  ne  \- 
comers  to  this  coast,  he  ha<l  a  mining  experi- 
ence, his,  however,  lasting  oidy  eleven  days. 
During  those  eleven  days  he  secured  $14.  Then 
he  was  for  ten  years  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  at  San  Francisco.  From  that  city  he 
went  to  Santa  Clara  county,  same  State,  and 
purchased  320  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  lived 
Tor  seven  years,  devoting  his  time  and  means  to 
its  improvement.  A  part  of  this  land  proved 
to  be  a  Spanish  grant,  and  after  a  long  and  ox- 


HISTORY    OF    OKEGON. 


poiirive  law  suit  he  lokt  160  acres  of  it.  Then 
lie  dis])0!-eil  of  his  interesti;  in  California,  came 
to  Oregon,  and  settled  at  Eai^le  Creek.  This 
was  in  1871.  He  and  Mr.  li.  Gerdis  opened 
out  a  ifene'-nl  inerchaiidise  business  on  a  small 
scale,  occiiiiying  a  room,  16  x  30  feet,  and  a  year 
later  Mr.  \Vill)ern  purchased  his  partner's  in- 
terest. Hy  close  attention  to  his  business  and 
!)y  liberal  and  honorable  methods  in  dealing 
with  his  customers,  he  has  thus  far  had  a  most 
successful  career  as  a  {general  merchant.  The 
small  room  he  at  first  occupied  soon  became  in- 
suttieient  for  his  increasing  business  and  he 
ni,"'ved  into  larger  quarters.  He  now  occupies 
a  roL'n  116  feet  deep,  which  is  filled  with  every 
class  of  goods  usually  kept  in  a  first-class  es- 
tablishment of  this  kin<l.  Mr.  Wilbern  built  a 
family  residence,  and  is  also  the  owner  of  the 
public  hall  at  Eagle  Creek. 

He  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  October 
28,  1858,  to  Miss  Katie  G.  Cordes,  a  native  of 
Hanover,  Germany.  They  have  two  children: 
IJUie,  wife  of  Ilngh  Currier;  and  l<'rederick, 
his  father's  assistant  in  the  store. 

Mr.  AVilbern  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
He  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  both  branches  of 
the  order,  and  attended  the  Grand  Tv)dge  held 
in  Sacramento,  California,  in  1864.  lie  is  a 
Republican,  but  is  quite  independent  in  his 
views.  A  man  of  push  and  business  enterprise, 
and  a  leading  spirit  in  the  public  affairs  of  his 
part  of  the  county,  he  is  a  gentleman  whose 
place  it  would  be  hard  to  fill. 


1?|R.  FllKDEilICKCI{ANG,a  widely  known 
ij||ff  and  distinguished  physician  and  surgeon, 
^^  of  Forest  Grove,  is  a  native  of  England 
and  was  born  in  Halletrow,  in  the  parish  of  the 
High  Littleton,  Somersetshire,  April  11,  1822. 
Ho  is  of  pure  Scotch  .incestry,  and  comes  of  a 
iirominent  family  of  physicians,  hi.'i  grandfather, 
father,  two  uncles  and  a  brother  being  reputable 
members  of  that  prol'essioti.  His  parents  were 
Dr.  James  and  Susanna  (Hay)  Crang,  his  mother 
being  the  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Errol.  They 
had  thirteen  children,  four  of  whom  survive. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated in  London.  England,  where  he  practiced 
liis  profession  until  185(5,  when  he  came  to 
AiTierica.  For  five  years  he  practiced  his  pro- 
fession iu  New    York  city,  after  which  he  re- 


moved to  Grundy  county,  Illinois,  where  he 
practiced. five  years.  lie  then  removed  to  Olivet, 
Eaton  county,  Jfichigan,  remaining  there  six 
years.  While  there,  being  a  talented  preacher 
and  a  Congregat'onalist,  he  was  induced  to  enter 
the  regular  ministry,  as  there  was  a  great  need 
of  ministers,  and  that  being  a  good  field  for  use- 
fulness. In  this  capacity  he  served  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  in  several  churches  in  a  most  effi- 
cient and  acceptable  manner,  doing  much  good 
in  building  new  houses  of  worship,  in  building 
up  weak  churches  and  in  clearing  off  church 
debts,  in  all  of  which  he  svas  very  successful. 
During  all  this  time  lie  continued  to  treat  the 
diseased  body  as  well  as  the  mind. 

In  J875,  desiring  a  change  of  climate  for  his 
wife,  he  came  to  Oregon,  and  was  for  several 
years  pastor  of  the  (Jongregational  Church  at 
Astoria,  at  which  time  he  removed  to  Forest 
Grove,  that  his  children  might  be  near  the  Pa- 
cific University.  Here  he  purchased  a  com- 
fortable home  and  attends  to  the  better  class  of 
practice,  80  far  as  his  strength  will  permit. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  England,  in  1850, 
to  Miss  Emma  Owens.  They  have  had  three 
children,  of  whom  one  son  is  living,  Frederick 
Richard,  now  residing  in  Minnesota.  Mrs.  Crang 
died  in  1855,  much  lamented  by  all  who  knew 
her.  She  was  a  lady  of  superior  intelligence  and 
great  amiability  of  character,  a  faithful  wife  and 
devoted  mother.  On  March  15,  1856,  Dr. 
Crang  married  Miss  Catharine  Walker,  a  native 
of  Ireland.  They  have  had  nine  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living:  Mary  Ann;  Thomas  Henry 
is  captain  of  the  steamer  Telephone,  running 
between  I'ortland  and  Astoria;  Jane  is  the  wife 
of  Mr.  W.  G.  Vandusen,  a  leading  business 
man  of  Astoria;  Winifred  Cordelia  is  the  wife 
of  Mr.  Ge'  rge  II.  George,  who  is  in  business,  a 
prominent  canneryman  in  Astoria;  Frank  E.  is 
also  in  business  in  Astoria;  Sadie  Maria  is  also 
in  Astoria;  and  Edwin  James  is  with  his  ]jar- 
ei  ts,  attending  the  Pacific  University. 

During  his  life  in  the  United  States  he  has 
been  an  advocate  of  a  government  of  the  people 
I  ir  the  people.  He  abliored  human  slavery, 
and  aided,  so  far  as  lay  in  his  [iiiwer,  in  removing 
that  abominable  stain  from  the  Nation's  es- 
cutclieon,  that  liberty  might  be  proclaimed 
thrt)ugliout  all  the  land  to  all  the  iiihabitantB 
thereof,  and  is  most  grateful  to  have  lived  to  see 
his  hopes  accomplished.  He  is  devotedly  at- 
tached to  his  profession,  to  the  practice  of  which 
he  brings  an  experience  of  more  liian  forty  years. 


HISTORY    OF    OREnON. 


cm 


lie  and  his  wife  are  active  members  of  tho 
Congregational  Church,  in  whicli  denomination, 
as  we  Lave  seen,  he  takes  a  prominent  part. 

Would  tliat  our  English  cousins  would  send 
more  such  men  to  our  country,  to  nourish  and 
sustain  the  Nation,  by  infusing  into  its  veins 
the  healthy  blood  of  noble  manhood  and  woman- 
hood. 


^•^»=^-j^* 


ll^AVID  M.  GUTHRIE,  a  prominent 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1846  and  one  of  Polk 
county's  most  snccessful  farmers  and  wool 
and  sheep-growers,  was  born  in  Jioone  county, 
Missouri,  May  28,  1824.  lie  is  of  Scotch  an- 
cestry, who  were  early  settlers  in  Virginia,  and 
his  father,  James  Guthrie,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia in  1793.  lie  removed  to  Kentucky  and 
was  a  pioneer  of  that  State,  lie  also  served  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  married  in  Kentucky  Mar- 
garet Philips,  a  native  of  Virginia.  They  had 
three  children  l)orn  to  them  in  Kentucky,  and 
then  they  removed  to  Hoone  county,  Missouri, 
in  1818,  where  they  settled  on  Government 
land  and  were  among  the  first  settlers  of  that 
State.  Seven  children  were  born  to  them  in 
this  county.  They  ne.xt  settled  in  Cole coutity, 
same  State,  where  they  resided  until  1844, 
when  they  removed  to  Buchanan  county,  and 
thence  to  Nodaway  county  and  where  the 
father  died,  in  his  eiu;hty-second  year.  His  wife 
was  just  a  month  and  one  day  younger  than  he, 
and  she  survived  him  about  two  years,  when 
she  also  died.  They  had  ten  chilclren,  eight 
sons  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  our  subject 
was  si.xth  in  order  of  birth. 

He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  learned  the 
trade  of  a  carpenter.  When  ho  was  nearly 
twenly-two  years  of  age  he  started  on  the  long 
journey  across  the  plaini*.  li'aving  Missouri  on 
the  5tli  of  May  and  arrived  in  Oregon  Decem- 
ber 20,  making  the  trip  with  an  ox  team.  In 
1850  he  took  up  a  donation  claim  of  640  acres, 
located  four  miles  south  of  the  present  site  of 
Dallas.  This  old  claim  he  has  kept  and  he 
prospered  on  this  land,  on  which  he  has  raised 
choice  sheep.  He  was  the  first  to  introduce 
thoroughbred  fine-wool  shoop  in  this  part  of 
State,  and  ho  made  a  success  of  it.  In  1876  he 
received  first  prize  for  his  wool  at  the  Centen- 
nial Exposition  in  Philadelphia.  He  now  has 
a  choice  tract  of  land,  f^njounting  to  1,800  acres, 

43 


and  has  a  farm  and  town  property  near  Salem.. 
In  addition  to  this  property  Mr.  Guthrie  has 
also  interested  himself  in  hop  culture  in  the 
county,  and  an  orchard  of  1,000  peach  trees 
near  Salem.  Mr.  Guthrie  looks  after  and  super- 
intends his  entire  business  and  seldom  loses  a 
day  in  working  season.  In  the  summer  of 
1892  he  built  one  of  the  finest  liop  houses  in 
the  State,  which  cost  in  all  nearly  §1,500.  His 
hop  yard  consists  of  about  thirty  acres,  within 
three  miles  of  Salem,  the  State  capital.  Ilia 
property  is  nearly  all  in  Polk   county,    Oregon. 

In  1848,  just  after  the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whit- 
man, when  Mr.  Nesniith  volunteered  to  fight 
the  Indians,  our  subject  helped  elect  Mr.  Nes- 
niith Captain  and  then  served  under  him.  He 
furnished  his  own  equipment,  and  was  several 
(lays  without  provisions  when  on  a  scouting  ex- 
pedition in  search  of  the  Indians,  and  lived  on 
iiorse  Hesh  four  days.  He  rendered  the  Gov- 
ernment and  early  settlers  valuable  service. 
Seven  years  afterward  he  received  §118  from 
the  Government  for  his  services. 

In  the  spring  of  1849  he  went  overland  to 
California  and  mined  in  the  Reddings  diggings 
a  short  time,  and  from  there  went  to  the  middle 
fork  of  the  American  river  on  the  Muders  bar, 
where  he  took  out  an  average  of  S50  a  day. 
He  continued  digging  for  gold  until  fall,  when 
he  opened  a  store  of  miners'  supplies  at  Hang- 
town.  The  following  summer  of  1850  he  came 
I  lack  to  Oregon.  He  still  has  some  of  the  gold 
lie  dug  in  those  days.  After  an  absence  of 
thirteen  months  he  returned  to  Oregon,  bring- 
ing with  him  83,000.  With  $400  of  this  ho 
bought  the  rigl)t  to  a  claim  and  stocked  it  with 
cattle  and  horses,  paying  $500  for  a  wagon  ami 
two  yoke  of  cattle.  In  1852  he  engaged  in 
raising  line  sheep,  for  which  he  paid  fancy 
prices,  sometimes  as  much  as  $300  for  a  single 
sheep.  In  addition  to  this  he  has  engaged  in 
the  raising  of  mohair  goats.  In  1852  and  '53 
a  cow  with  a  calf  sold  for  $100.  As  the  country 
developed,  our  subject  has  taken  an  increasing 
interest  in  it  and  has  taken  stock  in  steam- 
boats, telegraphs  and  railroads,  and  is  now  aid- 
ing in  tiie  construction  of  a  large  woolen  mill 
at  Dallas.  Mr.  (iuthrie  never  went  to  school 
six  months  in  his  life,  !)ut  by  close  reading  has 
become  one  of  the  best  informed  men  of  the 
day.  Ho  has  never  been  without  a  newspaper 
since  1852,  and  now  Bubscribes  for  eleven,  of  dif- 
ferent political  and  religious  beliefs;  four  are 
newspapers,  four  are  agricultural  and  political, 


'-W 


670 


11  r STORY    OF    OHEOON. 


!  i 


wn 


iiiid  the  rest  arc  religious  and  iioii-conservative. 

In  September,  iSol,  Mr.  (liuthrio  married 
Mary  Ellen  Davidson,  a  native  of  Tippecanoe 
(wunty,  Indiana,  who  eanie  to  Orego?!  in  1850. 
They  liave  Inid  five  children;  Uarvoy  K.,  mar- 
ried, is  a  I'olk  county  farmer;  J.  T..  also  a 
farmer,  Inis  a  family;  Sarah  M.  married  Jlr. 
Silas  lihodes,  and  tliey  settled  on  a  farm  near 
our  subject;  the  other  two  children  died  in 
infancy.  The  mother  died  October  23,  18()(). 
Ei<{ht  years  later,  October  18,  our  subject  was 
•■igain  married,  his  second  wife  lieinir  Martha  E. 
Miller,  who  was  born  in  Illinois,  and  came  to 
Oregon  in  1852.  l?y  this  marriage  there  have 
been  ten  children,  three  of  whom  died.  All  the 
surviving  children  arc  at  home.  Their  names 
are:  David  A.,  Joseph  Lee,  Mary  Ellen,  Armon 
Laton,  Forest  Laroy,  Martha  Lane  and  Lillie 
May.  Martha  Eveline,  his  second  wife,  died 
May  12,  1891,  leaving  in  his  care  seven  child- 
ren, four  sons  and  three  daughters.  The  eldest 
son  is  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  the  eldest 
daughter  fifteen;  tlie  youngest  daughter  is  nine 
yeai-s  old. 

Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().  O.  F., 
and  has  been  a  Baptist  since  his  eighteenth 
year.  He  served  as  Clerk  of  the  church  at 
Rickreall.  He  is  a  sound  Democrat,  and  re- 
ceived the  appointment  from  (Tovernor  Moody 
to  report  on  the  products  of  Polk  county  to  the 
United  States  Bureau  at  "Washiiigton.  His  re- 
port was  so  good  that  he  received  many  com- 
pliments on  it.  He  has  also  held  the  position 
of  Sheep  Inspector  for  a  number  of  years.  In 
1892  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture,  to  fill  the  vacancy  on  the 
J3oard  caused  by  the  death  of  Hon.  T.  G.  Rich- 
mond. Mr.  Guthrie  is  an  excellent  representa- 
tive of  the  Oregon  pioneer  of  1840,  an<l  he  is 
widely  and  favorably  known  by  all  the  early 
settlers  of  his  State.  He  is  full  of  life  and  al- 
ways ready  to  help  those  who  are  in  distress. 
Mr.  Guthrie  has  been  indefatigable  in  liis  ef- 
forts to  secure  for  his  children  good  eduea- 
cational  advantages.  His  first  three  children 
went  four  miles  to  school  in  Dallas,  making  the 
trip  on  horseback.  This  being  unsatisfactory, 
Mr.  Guthrie  hired  a  teacher  lo  come  to  his 
house  and  teach  a  jjrivate  school.  When  some 
of  his  second  family  became  old  enough  to  at- 
tend school,  atiu  free  schools  not  being  estab- 
lished in  his  vicinity,  Mr.  Guthrie  took  the 
matter  into  his  own  hands  and  drew  up  a 
petition,  which  he  circulated  among  liis  neigh- 


bors, to  get  a  sufficient  number  of  names  to  se- 
cure a  grant  from  tiie  school  superintendent  to 
organize  a  district  near  him.  Tliis  district  was 
organized  in  1881,  and  Mr.  Guthrie  gave  to  it 
one  acre  of  land,  built  a  schoolhouse,  dug  a 
well  and  surrounded  the  place  with  a  good 
fence,  furnishing  nearly  all  the  money  to  pay 
t!ie  expenses,  paying  in  all  more  than  S200. 
The  first  year  or  two  he  ])rovided  a  house  in 
which  to  hold  school,  but  for  the  last  six  years 
they  have  had  a  good  school,  taught  six  months 
in  the  year. 

; ILL!  AM  FAUI.L,  the  leading  hardware 
merchant  of  Dallas,  Oregon,  was  born 
in  (irant  county,  Wisconsin,  September 
19,  1847,  son  of  Richard-  Faull,  a  native  of 
Cornwall,  England.  His  father  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1843,  and  settled  at  Pottsville,  Pennsyl- 
vania, among  the  coal  mines.  Two  years  after- 
ward he  and  his  family  returned  to  Cornwall, 
England,  and  in  1847  they  came  again  to  Amer- 
ica, this  time  settling  in  Grant  county,  Wisconsin. 
He  and  his  wife  had  a  family  of  six  children. 
The  mother,  nee  tllizabeth  Rogers,  of  Cornwall, 
is  still  living,  with  one  of  her  daughters  in 
Iowa,  and  is  seventy-three  years  of  age 

Iti  1851  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California 
lured  him  to  that  State,  and  while  on  the  Pa- 
cific ocean  he  died  of  fever  and  was  buried  at 
sea.  At  the  time  his  father  died  William  was 
four  years  old.  He  remained  in  Wisconsin 
with  his  mother  until  ho  reached  manhood, 
when  he  went  to  the  western  border  of  Iowa  and 
homesteaded  a  farm.  In  1875  he  returned  to 
Wisconsin  and  nntrried  Miss  Mary. I.  Kinney, 
a  native  of  New  York;  went  back  to  his  Iowa 
claim  with  his  bride,  and  lived  there  until  1880. 
That  year  he  came  to  Oregon  and  rented  land 
in  Polk  county,  and  conducted  farming  opera- 
tions here  in  that  way  four  years.  RetuMib^w 
to  Wisconsin  at  the  ''nd  of  that  time,  he  re- 
mained a  year,  and  in  188fi  a<?ain  came  to  Ore- 
gon, this  time  settling  in  Dallas,  where  he  has 
since  resided. 

On  taking  iii)  his  abode  in  Dallas,  Mr.  Faull 
purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  hardware  estab- 
lishment of  Chambers  »fc  Son.  Mr.  (chambers 
retired  from  the  firm  and  Mr.  Faull  and  the 
junior  Mr.  Chambers  onducted  the  business 
about  one  year,  when  Mr,  Chambers  gold  Ills 


II  iS 


HISTORY    OF    OUKCIoy. 


«71 


interest  to  H.  13.  CoBper  of  this  city.  Messrs. 
Faiili  &  Gosper  continued  together  (il)out  two 
years,  wlien  tiie  latter  retired,  rielling  out  to  Air. 
Faull.  who  still  continues  the  husiness.  A[r. 
Faull  is  an  enerf^etic  husiness  man,  and  with 
his  excel lect  stock  of  hardware  at  reasonable 
prices,  his  store  is  a  popidar  resort  for  the  resi- 
dents within  a  radius  of  many  miles.  Mr. 
Faull  is  a  puiilic-spiriied  man  and  is  identified 
with  the  best  interests  of  the  town.  lie  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  in  poli- 
tics is  a  Republican.  While  a  resident  of  Iowa 
lie  was  foraniimber  of  years  Clerk  of  his  town- 
eliip,  but  since  casting  his  lot  in  Dallas  has 
given  close  attention  to  business. 

I^ON.  JONATHAN  STOUKFEH,  ex-Judge 
|M)  of  Folk  county,  Oregon,  and  a  pioneer  of 
*^l  1851.  was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, January  1,  1825.  He  is  a  descendant 
of  German  ancestors,  who  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Fennsyhania.  His  parents  were 
Isaac  and  Sarah  (Kershi.er)  Stouffer,  the  latter 
being  a  Virginian  by  birth  and  ancestry.  They 
had  eight  ciiildren,  of  whom  five  are  living. 
Daniel,  a  twin  brother  of  Jonathan,  died  in 
North  Carolina  in  1884. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  and  ed- 
ucated in  liis  native  State,  and  there  learned  the 
trade  of  blacksmith.  lie  removed  to  Indiana 
in  1848,  and  in  1851  crossed  the  plains  with  ox 
teams  to  Oregon,  coming  with  James  McCain 
and  paying  his  passage  by  driving  team.  He 
had  just  six  bits  when  he  arrived  in  Oregon. 
His  tirst  emj)loyment  here  was  making  rails  at 
La  Fayette.  He  also  worked  at  his  trade  as 
journeyman,  and  later  opened  a  shop  and  con- 
ducted the  same  until  the  fall  of  1853.  In  Oc- 
tober of  that  year  he  came  to  his  present 
donation  claim,  two  miles  southwest  of  where 
Hallston  now  is.  He  got  only  160  acres,  that 
being  the  largest  amount  received  by  any  of  the 
emigrants  who  came  in  1851.  In  the  spring 
of  1853  Mr.  Stouffer  married  Miss  Agnes  Mc- 
Cain, a  native  of  Indiana.  It  was  with  her 
father  and  family  that  he  .rossed  the  plains. 
After  their  marriage  they  moved  to  his  claim 
and  began  life  in  a  primitive  way.  He  liad 
bought  his  claim  of  a  widow,  and  for  it  paid 
$200.  there  being  a  small  house  on  the  place 
and  about  a  quarter  of  an   acre  cleared.     i[r. 


StoufFer  had  a  span  of  horses,  a  wagon  and  a  set 
of  blacksmith  tools.  Ho  went  to  work  in  earn- 
est to  improve  his  land,  prosperity  attended  his 
efforts;  froin  time  to  time  lie  made  purchases 
of  adjoining  land,  and  now  he  owns  340  acres, 
one  of  the  finest  farms  in  this  section  of  the 
country.  Here  ho  has  since  lived  and  here  he 
exjiects  to  die. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  StouU'er  had  three  children: 
the  oldest,  William,  died  wlien  five  years  of 
a.cfe.  Daniel  F.  is  a  jfraduato  of  the  classical 
course  at  tiie  Willamette  Fniversity.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Ellen  Ilichter,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
and  has  one  child.  They  resident  Dallas.  The 
youngest  child,  John,  died  at  the  age  of  thir- 
teen years.  Mrs.  Stouffer  departed  this  life  in 
1861.  Hers  was  a  beautiful  chara<!ter — a  de- 
voted wife,  a  loving  and  indulgent  mother. 

Politically,  Mr.  Stouifer  was  a  Democrat  pre- 
vious to  the  war.  Since  the  orcanization  of  the 
Republican  party  he  has  affiliated  with  it.  In 
186(5  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Oregon 
State  Legislature,  and  served  two  years,  during 
which  term  he  aided  in  the  election  of  Hon. 
Henry  W.  Corbett  to  the  United  States  Senate. 
The  year  in  which  Mr.  Stouffer  was  elected  was 
a  memorable  one,  on  account  of  the  closeness  of 
the  election,  he  liaving  only  one  majority,  and 
the  largest  majority  being  four.  In  1888  he 
was  elected  County  Judge,  and  in  that  capacity 
has  made  a  good  record  for  the  past  four  years. 
He  has  given  his  influenee  toward  the.  advance- 
ment of  all  public  improvements  consistent 
with  reasonable  economy.  He  aided  in  the 
building  of  the  second  bridge  across  the  Willam- 
ette at  Salem.  Since  1849  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  was  initiated  in 
Delphi  Lodge,  No.  28,  in  Indiana,  and  is  a 
charter  member  of  Friendship  Lodge,  No.  6, 
Dallas.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Alcthodist 
Church. 

Personally,  Judge  Stouffer  is  a  quiet  and  un- 
assuming man.  Few  have  a  larger  circle  of 
friends,  and  are  hold  in  higher  esteem  than  he. 


■>>•{•<<♦  ^ 


tICHARD  EVERT  WILEY,  an  honored 
Oregon  pioneer,  now  deceased,  came  to 
Oregon  in  1845  in  the  same  train  with 
Isaac  Butler  and  others,  Mr.  Wiley  was  born 
in  Carthage,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  on  the 
23d    of    Septeinber,  1828.     He    was    the  son 


hi:i 


n  I  STORY    OF    OUKaON. 


\f 


of  Jolin  Wiley,  a  imtivo  of  Ireland,  and  his 
mother,  Mrs.  U.  K.  Wiley,  nee  Haldwiii,  was 
liorn  August  1,  1840,  in  Sauvics  island,  in  the 
then  Territory  of  ( )re!fon,  and  is  said  to  have 
liecn  the  first  white  female  cliild  horn  west  of 
the  liocky  mountains.  Mr.  Wiley  was  raised 
in  ( 'arthagc,  where  he  was  educated  and  learned 
the  trade  of  a  printer,  working  on  the  "Hawk 
Eye"  live  years  and  received  at  the  end  of  his 
term,  in  1844,  a  certificate  recommending  him 
to  the  craft  and  signed  hy  James  G.  Edwards, 
e  liter.  This  recommendation  is  still  kept  and 
treasured  by  Mr.  AViley's  son,  AV.  V.-  Wiley, 
of  Ilillsboro. 

He  was  in  his  twenty-second  year  when  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  He  began  at 
once  to  be  prominent  in  the  att'airs  of  the  pio- 
neers. He  set  up  the  -'Oregon  Pioneer"  on  the 
first  press  brought  to  the  Territory.  The  paper 
was  published  by  Uev.  J.  F.  Gutfin  at  his  farm 
at  Tualitin  plains,  where  the  little  band  of 
settlers  deciaed  to  organize  themselves  into  a 
Territorial  Government  for  their  mutual  pro- 
tection. Mr.  Wiley  was  active  in  tlie  movement 
and  was  chosen  Sheriff  of  the  Tualitin  dis- 
trict, comprising  what  is  now  known  as 
Clatsop,  Columbia,  Multnomah  Tillamook, Wash- 
ington and  parts  of  Yam  Uill  and  Clack- 
amas counties.  In  1851  he  was  made 
Sergeaiit-at-Arras  of  the  Territorial  Legisla- 
ture, then  County  Assessor  and  later  Sher- 
Sherifi'  for  several  terms.  lie  performed  good 
service  in  the  Yakima  war,  by  carrying  express 
right  through  the  Indian  country  at  great  risk 
to  his  lite.  During  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  on 
the  27th  day  of  June,  1803,  he  was  appointed, 
by  (Tovernor  A.  C.  Gibbs,  Aide-de-camp,  with 
the  rank  of  Captain,  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier- 
General  Stephen  CofHn,  of  the  militia  of  the 
State  of  <  )regon. 

He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  who  cut  the  old 
mountain  from  the  plains  to  the  Willamete, 
where  I'ortland  now  stands. 

He  was  married  July  24,  1855,  to  Miss  M. 
J.  J'aldra,  daughterof  William  and  Maria C.  Bal- 
dra,  who  were  married  in  1835,  in  England,  and 
went  to  Hudson's  J5ayin  1886,  later  in  the  same 
year  to  Manitoba  and  from  there  to  Oregon  in 
IS-ji).  They  had  three  children  and  were  a  most 
worthy  and  highly  esteemed  couple,  both  of 
them  ari^  now  dead. 

Mrs.  AVilpy  presented  her  husband  with  two 
sons  and  four  (laughters,  namely :  W.  D.Wiley; 
Annie  M.,  now  Mrs.  M.  McDonald;    W.  V. 


Wiley,  a  business  man  of  Ilillsboro;  Dora,  now 
the  wife  of  V.  E.  Waters;  Ella  K.  is  the  wife 
of  V.  II.  Mead;  and  Emma  is  still  at  school  in 
I'ortland. 

Mr.  Wilev's  deatli  occurred  on  the  even- 
ing of  the '27th  of  May,  188!).  He  had 
made  hosts  of  friends,  was  a  man  of  generous 
impulses,  genial  disposition  and  unbending  in- 
tegrity, and  such  had  been  his  honorable  life 
that  he  had  the  good-will  of  all  who  knew  him. 
His  son,  W.  V.  Wiley,  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  August  7,  18(11.  in  a  log  cabin 
near  the  present  site  of  Ilillsboro  Hotel.  lie 
was  educated  in  the  public  school,  and  as  soon 
as  he  became  a  man  he  entered  into  the  railroad- 
ing business,  and  from  that  ho  went  to  Ilills- 
boro and  established  himself  in  tlie  livery  stable 
business. 

August  20,  in  1890,  he  married  ^liss  Kate 
M.  McKinney,  a  native  of  Walla  AValla,  Wash- 
ington, and  the  daughter  of  Charles  McKinney, 
also  a  pioneer  of  Oregon.  They  have  one  child, 
whom  they  have  named  Kichard  Evert,  in  mem- 
ory of  the  grandfather  of  tlie  little  boy.  Mr. 
Wiley  liolds  the  memory  of  his  parents  and 
grandparents  sacred. 

Mr.  Wiley  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
the  K.  of  P.  and  the  Foresters.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics  and  takes  a  deep  interest 
and  pride  in  the  State  in  which  he  was  born  and 
in  which  his  father  was  a  pioneer. 

§ON.  lUA  F.  M.  BUTLER,  a  valuable  citi- 
zen of  Monmouth,  Polk  county,  (Oregon, 
and  an  honored  pioneer  of  1853',  was  born 
in  Kentucky.  His  ancestors  came  from  Eng- 
land to  the  colonies  in  the  early  history  of  the 
country.  His  great-grandfather,  Peter  Bntler, 
was  a  resident  of  Virginia,  and  lived  to  be  106 
years  of  agel  His  grandfather,  John  Butler, 
was  born  in  Virginia,  died  in  Illinois,  in  his 
seventy-fifth  year.  Mr.  Butler's  father,  Peter 
Butler,  was  born  in  Kentncky,  March  9,  1789. 
He  married  Rachel  Murphey,  a  native  of  Ten- 
nessee, born  April  2,  1788.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  John  Murphey. 

Mr.  Bntler,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  the 
oldest  of  a  family  or  nine  children,  of  whom 
only  three  are  now  living.  He  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  May  12,  1812.  He  was  reared  and 
educated  there  until  his  seventeenth  year  and 


UiaTUItY    OF    OHKaoN. 


(I'm 


tlioii  removed  to  llliiiuis,  where  lie  waa  for 
seven  years  Clerk  of  tlie  ('ircuit  Court  of  War- 
ren county,  and  was  alwo  Slieriff  of  that  county 
for  five  years'.  He  held  the  ottice  of  Justice  of 
the  I'eaco  for  seven  years  more.  lie  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1853,  from  Monmouth, 
Illinois,  and  arrived  in  Polk  county,  August  0, 
1853,  where  he  has  since  made  his  home  and 
led  a  distinguished  life.  He  saw  some  hard- 
ships on  the  plain,  liut  their  company  came 
through  without  a  death.  He  took  a  donation 
claim,  between  the  Luukaniute  river  and  Soap 
creek,  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  latter  he 
built  the  cheap  home  of  the  pioneer  and  resided 
here  for  some  time,  then  sold  atid  purchased 
082  acres.  On  this  property  he  built,  improved 
the  land,  raised  stock  and  grain  and  prospered. 
lie  resided  here  for  eighteen  years  and  still 
owns  it.  In  1873  he  moved  to  Monmouth, 
Oregon,  where  he  built  a  line  house  on  prop- 
erty he  purchased.  Here  he  is  spending  the 
evening  of  a  well  spent  life.  He  is  well  known 
and  higidy  respected  throughout  the  county. 

He  was  married  November  5,  1835,  to  Miss 
Mary  Ann  Davidson,  daughter  of  Elijah  Da- 
vidson. They  had  four  children  in  Warren 
county:  Newton  H.,  A.  D.  and  A.  P.  Their 
daughter  Alice  was  added  to  the  family  in  Ore- 
gon. His  faithful  wife  was  spared  to  him  for 
•fifty-three  years  and  their  married  life  has  been 
a  most  happy  one.  They  celebrated  their  gold- 
en wedding  November  5, 1885,  and  had  a  most 
enjoyable  time  of  it,  such  as  falls  to  the  lot  of 
few  families.  Mrs.  Butler  survived  three  years 
longer  and  died  in  June,  1888.  She  had  at- 
tained a  beautiful  old  age.  She  was  greatly  be- 
loved for  her  many  endearing  traits  of  character, 
and  it  can  well  be  said  of  her  that  she  had  per- 
formed the  duties  of  a  dutiful  wife  and  a  kind 
and  indulgent  mother. 

Alice  and  Margaret,  two  daughters,  reside 
with  their  father  and  give  him  the  best  of  care 
in  his  declining  years.  The  son,  A.  D.,  is  en- 
gaged in  the  horticultural  business.  Judge 
Butler  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  public 
offices  of  the  county.  He  has  always  been  a 
lover  of  the  principles  of  Jefferson.  He  served 
three  terms  in  the  Oregon  Legislature  and  in 
1878  he  was  elected  Judge  of  Polk  county  and 
served  faithfully  until  1882.  Since  then  he 
has  retired  from  public  life.  In  1832  this  gen- 
tleman onlisied  in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  He 
then  was  young,  active  and  brave,  and  he  en- 
joyed fighting  the    bloodthirsty   Indians,   who 


kept  up  a  runnitig  warfare.  Altiiough  he  was 
very  much  exposed  he  came  out  without  u 
scratch. 

Judire  and  Mrs.  Butler  were  members  if  the 
Christian  ('hurch,  and  he  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  Christian  College  of  Monmouth  and 
was  President  of  its  Board  of  Trustees  for  many 
years.  He  also  was  one  of  the  founders  and 
stockholders  of  the  Polk  County  Bank  at  Mon- 
mouth. He  has  been  a  man  of  judgment  and 
ability  all  his  life.  He  has  been  a  leader  of 
men  and  has  been  actuated  by  the  highest  mo- 
tives, love  to  God  and  love  to  man,  and  he  is 
ready  to  say  of  Oregon,  as  one  of  old,  "Lord, 
lettest  now  thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  for 
mine  eyes  have  seen  thy  salvation." 


-=$*< 


)>*^i=~ 


fE.  PORTEliFIELI),  a  worthy  pioneer  of 
1850  and  well-to-do  farmer  of  Polk  county, 
<»  was  born  in  Tennessee,  June  1,  1818. 
He  is  of  Irish  ancestors,  who  were  early  settlers 
of  Virginia,  where  his  father,  James  Porter- 
field,  was  born  and  married  a  Miss  Patrick,  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  old  families  of  Vir- 
ginia. They  had  twelve  children,  all  of  whom 
they  reared  to  maturity,  but  our  subject  is  the 
only  member  of  this  large  family  now  surviv- 
ing. He  was  the  youngest  son,  although  there 
A'ere  two  daughters  still  younger.  He  resided 
in  Tennessee  until  1842,  when  he  removed  to 
Missouri  and  resided  there  seven  years.  In 
1850  he  started  for  Oregon,  making  the  trip  in 
the  usual  way.  He  joined  a  large  emigrant 
train  and  as  some  of  them  had  no  provisions 
toward  the  end  of  the  journey,  Mr.  Porterfield 
divided  with  them,  and  as  a  result  he  and  his 
family  were  obliged  to  do  without  any  bread 
for  six  weeks,  subsisting  on  beef  atK.;  cott'oe. 
They  made  a  safe  journey,  however,  ai  d  after 
six  months  of  travel  landed  in  Polk  iounty, 
where  Mr.  Porterfield  took  up  a  donation  claim 
on  theLuckamute,  seven  miles  southwest  of  the 
present  site  of  Independence.  Here  they  lived 
in  their  tent  until  a  small  cabin  was  built. 
After  residing  on  this  property  for  seven  years 
he  sold  it  and  purchased  a  half  section  on  the 
Willamette,  live  miles  south  of  Independence, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  general 
farming. 

Mr.  Porterfield  was  married  in  1843,  to  Miss 
Isabel  Patrick,  and  she  died  in  childbirth,  the 


644 


UIHTORY    OF    OREGON. 


\\ 


foUowiiiif  yeiir,  licr  cliikl  tlyiiiy  with  licr.  In 
1817  lie  iiiari'ied  Mr#.  Kiitli  Wiitsdii,  a  native  of 
Vii'j^iiiiii,  l)urii  ill  1807,  and  tliree  chiklron  wore 
born  to  him  by  this  marriage,  in  Minsouri. 
Anotlier  child  was  added  to  the  i'atnily  in  Ore- 
yon.  The  nunu'8  of  his  children  are:  Mrs. 
lietijiiiniii  Music,  widow,  residiiii^  in  Cttlifornia; 
Kliza  i.enwood  married  Mark  M.  llall  ami  died 
in  her  twenty-tit'tli  year;  Miles  is  married  and 
has  four  children  and  resides  with  his  father; 
Until  Adelia  was  born  in  J'olk  county  ami  died 
in  her  eleventh  year. 

Jlr.  and  Mrs.  I'ortertield  reside  in  a  comfor- 
table home  on  the  tine  farm  that  their  united 
efforts  have  secured,  and  they  are  richly  deserv- 
ing of  it.  .Nfrs.  Portertield  is  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  South,  and  her  husban<l  is 
an  ardent  UemocTat.  Jioth  these  good  ]ieo])le 
have  seen  the  wilderness  in  Oreifon  blossom 
like  the  rose,  and  have  seen  many  changes  in 
the  county,  where  he  iind  his  i:food  wife  came, 
in  1850,  to  make  a  home  for  themselves  and 
their  family. 

'^>^;i?t '>><-'-^.>^<-- 

^OX   JAMES   M.  TRACY,  Logan,  Clacka- 
mas county,  came  to  Oregon  in  1852  and 
is  one  of  her  widely  known  and  highly  re- 
spected citizens. 

lie  was  born  in  Jefferson  county,  Xew  York, 
February  "-25,  1841.  and  is  a  descendant  of  Scotch- 
Irish  and  Dutch  ancestors,  who  settled  in  New 
^'ork  |u-evious  to  the  Uevolntion.  His  grand- 
father Tracy  was  in  the  colonial  army  and 
fought  for  independence.  Caleb  E.  Tracy,  the 
father  (jt  .lames  M.  Tracy,  was  born  and  reared 
in  New  York,  the  ilate  of  his  birth  being  .lan- 
uary  2,  1817,  and  his  wife,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Lylia  Minor,  was  also  a  native  of  .leiferson 
county,  Xew  York.  Two  children  were  born  to 
them  in  that  State,  a  daughter  and  son,  the 
former,  l.ydia  A.  Tracy,  dying  in  her  sixth  year. 
With  their  son,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  they 
left  New  York  on  the  first  of  September,  1849, 
en  route  for  the  far  West.  They  wintered  in 
Iowa  'I'liey  had  shipped  wagons  from  New 
Y'ork  to  Chicago  and  had  purchased  two  yoke 
of  oxen,  and  with  this  outfit  they  started  across 
the  plains.  At  Salt  Lake  City  they  sojourned 
two  months,  a  little  daughter  being  added  to 
their  family  at  that  place,  whom  they  named 
Sarah  M.     (She  is  now  Mrs.  Milton  Applegate.) 


They  spent  the  summer  where  Ogden  is  now 
located,  and  from  there  came  on  thiough  to 
the  Willamolte  valley.  On  the  Kith  of  Nlarch, 
1853,  they  settled  on  their  donation  claim. 
Here  they  resided  until  1870,  when  Mr.  Tracy 
sold  out  to  his  son  and  he  and  his  wife  traveled 
with  their  invalid  daughter.  Later,  he  estab- 
lished  his  home  in  ])ougla8  county,  where  he 
was  enijaged  in  the  mercantile  business  for  a 
number  of  years,  his  son  being  a  partner  with 
him.  James  M.  Tracy  was  eleven  years  old 
when  he  came  to  this  State.  He  rode  a  pony  and 
made  himself  useful  by  driving  loose  stock 
across  the  plains.  After  their  settlement  in  the 
Willamette  valLiy  he  attended  school  in  a  little 
log  schoolhouse,  for  six  months,  four  miles  from 
his  home.  Dr.  Lobwood  being  his  teacher.  lie 
subsequently  went  to  school  at  Springwater, 
for  six  months  andthat  was  all  the  schooling 
begot.  When  thirteen  years  old,  his  father  sent 
him  to  the  south  part  of  the  State,  200  miles, 
to  dispose  of  a  band  of  cattle,  which  he  did. 
Meeting  a  California  drover,  he  made  a  good 
sale,  and  brought  the  money  home  to  his  father, 
.fanuary  20,  1800,  he  married  Miss  Drucilla 
Warnook,  who  was  born  in  Indiana,  September 
27,  1841,  daughter  of  Presley  Warnock.  The 
Warnock  family  came  to  Oregon  in  1853.  Her 
father  died  here  in  1869-  Air.  and  Mrs.  Tracy 
have  had  six  children,  namely:  Ada,  wife  of  b. 
W.  King,  resides  on  the  old  Tracy  claim; 
George  Albert,  who  died  in  his  fourteenth  year; 
Charles  N.,  William  M.,  James  M.,  Jr.,  and 
Kalph  M.  Mr.  Tracy  has  been  a  Republican 
all  his  life.  He  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
Justice  of  tbe  Peace  and  served  one  term,  at 
the  end  of  that  time  declining  to  serve  longer. 
In  1890  he  was  electee]  to  the  State  Legislature, 
ami  as  a  member  of  that  honorable  bod}'  per- 
formed his  duty  in  a  manner  that  reiiected 
credit  to  himself  and  his  constituents. 

tOHERT  H.  WALKER,  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1852,  and  a  prominent  farmer  of 
Washington  county,  was  born  in  the 
State  of  Missouri,  March  15,  1841.  His  father, 
William  K.  Walker,  was  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  April  13,  1808,  of  Scotcli-Irish  an- 
cestry. Grandfather  Rev.  Archibald  Walker 
was  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Chnrch  in  Baltimore 
for  twenty  years,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death.   Ho 


iiiaroiir  of  oitKaoif. 


r,;.-) 


irmrricil  Miss  Mary  Everett,  and  lliyy  Imvo  five 
children,  of  wlioin  William  E.  (our  siil>j(H't's 
father)  was  tlie  third  horn.  ( I  nindmother  Walker 
died  in  her  tifty-fifth  year,  and  Grandfather 
Walker  was  sixty  when  he  died. 

William  E.  Walker  was  educated  in  the  city 
of  Baltimore  and  j^radiiated  in  the  English 
course  in  his  tit'tteenth  year.  After  this  he  was 
secretary  of  the  tTnion  Cotton  Nfanufactory  until 
ho  was  twenty-one.  lie  then  removed  to  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio,  and  opened  a  general  merchandiBe 
store,  wiiieh  hi^  eoiiducted  successfully  for  five 
years.  Next  we  find  him  at  Booneville,  Missouri, 
and  later  at  Sedalia,  same  State.  At  the  latter 
place  he  purchased  lands,  engaged  in  farming, 
and  remained  there  twelve  years.  May  5, 1833, 
ho  marrieil  in  Zanesville,  Ohio,  Miss  Hannah 
Harlem,  who  was  horn  in  Maryland,  ilay  24-, 
1812.  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Uehorah  (Cother) 
Harlem.  Three  chihlren  were  horn  to  them  in 
the  East,  namely;  Maria  Louisa,  Archibald  A. 
and  Robert  H.  With  his  wife  and  three  chil- 
dren, he  left  his  home  in  J'ettis county,  Missouri, 
April  2'J.  1852,  hound  for  Oregon.  They  traveled 
with  ox  teams  and  were  six  months  and  eleven 
days  on  tlie  journey;  arrived  at  Portland  No- 
vember 10.  When  near  Fort  Kearney  they 
were  attacked  with  cholera  and  seventeen  of 
their  party  died  of  it  within  three  days.  Mrs. 
Walker  had  an  attack,  but  recovered.  At  the 
same  time  one  of  their  sons  had  the  mountain 
fever.  He,  too,  recovered,  and  they  landed  in 
Oregon  with  an  unbroken  family  circle.  They 
came  direct  to  Washington  county  and  i)ur- 
chased  the  right  to  tlie  donation  claim  on  which 
their  son,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  now  resides, 
and  here  in  a  log  house  in  the  woods  they  estab- 
lished their  home,  and  on  this  farm  spent  the 
rest  of  their  lives.  The  father  dieil  December 
IG,  188(5,  the  mother,  February  11, 1889.  They 
were  reared  Episcopalians,  but  at  the  time  of 
deach  were  not  members  of  any  church.  Their 
lives  were  characterized  hy  Christian  acts  and 
by  honest  industry  and  few  of  the  early  settlers 
were  held  in  higher  esteem  than  they. 

At  the  death  of  his  father,  Kobeit  H.  inher- 
ited the  320  acres,  on  which  he  now  lives  and  on 
which  he  has  passed  thirty-nine  years  of  his  life. 
From  time  to  time  he  has  bought  other  property 
and  at  this  writing  owns  over  a  thousand  acres 
of  land  in  this  county.  The  residence  in  which 
he  lives  was  built  in  18G1.  Mr.  Walker  has 
also  invested  in  b.ink  stock,  having  an  interest 
in  the  Ilillshoro  Bank. 


May  24,  1871,  lie  was  married,  in  Missouri, 
to  Miss  li'achel  (!offey,  who  was  Imrn  in  I'ettis 
county,  that  State,  July  8.  1848,  daughter  of 
Colonel  \.  M.  Coffey,  of  Johnson  county,  .Mis- 
souri. They  have  four  children:  Archibald  A., 
Mary  i^.,  Laura  G.,  and  W^illie  I',. 

Politically,  Mr.  Walker  athliates  with  the 
Demociatic  party.  He  is  widely  and  favorably 
known  as  an  enterprising  and  successful  farmer. 


iOllIUS  H.  PEUKIXS, a  prominent  farmer 
of    Xorth    Yarn    Hill,   was    horn    on    his 
father's  donation  claim,  the  ])lacc  on  which 
he  now  resides,  Octoiier  27,  1851. 

His  father,  John  Perkins,  an  honored  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1845,  was  born  in  Genesee  coui\ty, 
New  York,  August  21, 1811.  The  ancestors  of 
the  family  came  from  Flngland  at  an  early  day 
and  settled  in  that  county.  In  1882  Grand- 
father Eli  Perkins  moveil  from  New  York  to 
Tippecanoe  county,  Indian.i,  and  in  that  State 
John  Perkins  was  subse(piently  married  to  Miss 
Sarah  Felix,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
had  four  children.  In  the  spring  of  1844  they 
emigratcil  from  Benton  county,  Indiana,  to 
Oregon.  Grandfather  Perkins  and  family  also 
crossed  the  plains  with  ox  teams  at  the  same 
time,  all  iin1)ued  with  the  hopeof  obtaining  040 
acres  of  rich  land  in  the  mild  climate  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  To  accomplish  this  journey  and 
secure  the  land  they  braved  many  dangers  an  1 
privations,  but  never  regretted  the  undertak- 
ing. North  Yam  Hill  was  to  them  the  land  of 
promise,  and  with  its  wooded  liills  and  grass- 
<'overed  valleys  it  presented  a  pleasing  prospect. 
Grandfather  Perkins  located  his  land  near  La 
Fayette.  As  he  grew  old  he  retired  from  the 
farm  ami  lived  with  Iiis  daughter,  ]\Irs.  Daniel 
Johnson,  in  La  Fayette,  where  his  death 
occurred.  John  Perkins  took  his  donation 
claim  of  t!43  acres  at  North  Yam  Hill,  and 
here  he  built  his  cabin  and  began  pioneer  life. 
He  built  the  first  gristmill  and  one  of  the  first 
sawmills  in  the  county,  and  became  a  prominent 
factor  in  the  settlement  and  development  of  this 
section  of  the  country.  He  was  a  stockholder 
in  the  building  of  the  woolen  factory  at  Oregon 
City,  the  first  factory  of  the  kind  on  the  Pacific 
coast.  His  efforts  seemed  to  result  in  jmisper- 
ity  from  the  very  first,  and  as  soon  as  he  was 
able  he  purchased  a  section  of   land  adjoining 


076 


BiaTORT  OF  oitmoN. 


hii 


IiIh  uliiiiii  uiid  iiiiotliL'i'  BL'ctidn  in  tliu  Aiiiriu 
(•(iiiiity,  and  lis  llic  }fiiirt  went  l)y  iiivi'stcd  in 
otiiiT  tracts  of  land,  ln'coniin;;  onu  of  tin;  largest 
lundlioldors  in  tiie  IStiifc.  He  wax  largely  in- 
terested in  jfi'iieral  farming'  and  stock  laisinj;. 
in  a  single  year  lie  raised  as  iiif^li  as  U.tiOO 
imsiielh  of  wlieat  and  ."J, ()()()  liusliels  of  oats,  lie 
died  Marcli  'iti,  l'S^(i,  in  liis  seventy  sixtii  year, 
ami  left  a  widow  and  nine  children.  A  man 
of  marked  Ixisiness  aliiiity  and  the  iii;;liest  in- 
tci^rity  ot'  (!hara(^ter,  he  hail  the  contidente  and 
respect  of  all  who  knew  him. 

Norris  II.  I'erkins,  whose  name  heads  this 
article,  was  rcaretl  (mi  his  father's  farm  aiul  was 
educated  in  the  district  school  and  \\w  academy 
at  La  Fayette.  He  married  Misi-  Mniina  (ilan- 
liin.H  native  of  Iowa  anil  a  dani^hter  of  l*"ielden 
(Tlandin.  [\  sketch  (d'  Mr.  (Mandin  will  lie 
found  elsewhere  in  this  work.)  They  have  six 
children:  Minnie  I'.,  l'",lsie  E.,  Krnion  (Htic, 
Lolo  1'.,  ('loan  (".  and  Vera  V. 

After  the  death  of  his  father  the  estate  was 
divided,  and  Norris  II.  received  iis  his  portion 
the  place  on  which  he  was  horn  and  some  other 
valnahle  tracts  of  land,  lie  now  owns  iJ7B 
acres,  all  of  which  he  has  under  cultivation, 
and  he  also  eidtivates  200  acres  of  other  land. 
His  comforfaiile  residence  commands  a  vi(>w  of 
his  hroad  acres  and  a  iKautifid  stretch  of  conn- 
try,  one  of  the  richest  and  most  delii.;htfnl  sec- 
tions of  the  iState.  He  is  interested  in  raising 
tine  stock,  keeping  Durham  cattle,  Norman- 
I'ercheron  horses  and  tine  Cotswold  sheep. 

Mr.  Perkins  is  an  Odd  l'"ellow  and  a  mend>er 
of  the  Grange,  having  served  as  Master  of  the 
latter.  He  is  a  Democrat,  but  is  not  an  active 
jjolitician.  As  a  hnsiness  man  and  citizen  he  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  all  who  know  him. 


iLdXSON  P.  HAMMOND,  Postmaster  of 
Ashland,  was  horn  in  ^\'ayne  county,  New 
York.  December  'J,  182!l/ason  of  John  M. 
Hammond,  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  The 
Hammonds  were  among  till'  early  and  intluen- 
tial  families  i^f  that  State,  luiving  settled  there 
early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The  mother 
of  our  subject,  nee  Elijiabeth  Lawson,  was  horn 
in  New  York,  a  daughter  of  Richard  Lawson, 
an  Englishman  by  birth,  a  soldier  in  the  Britisii 
army,  and  canie  to  America  with  Buigoytie. 
He   was  iicld  j)risoner  many   months,  and  was 


tiiuilly  exchanged  and  mustered  out  of  service, 
but  never  returned  to  his  luitivo  country.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Ilaminond  removed  from  Now  York 
to  Ashtabula  county,  Ohio,  but  two  years  later 
located  in  Lagrange  county,  Indiana.  . 

Alonson  P.,  the  fourth  in  a  family  (1  tivo 
children,  attended  the  public  schools  in  the  lat- 
ter county,  also  took  a  coiirse  at  Ontario,  and 
completed  his  collegiate  studies  at  Ashbury 
llniversit;,,  (ireencastle,  Indiana,  in  1851.  He 
became  a  law  student  in  the  office  of  Andrew 
Ellison,  of  Lagrange,  immediately  after  gradu- 
ation, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  *'all 
of  1852.  practicing  a  short  time  he  engaged 
in  the  milling  business  with  his  father  until 
18511,  then  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  < 'lant 
county,  Wisconsin,  for  a  time;  foUowfld  I'aitn- 
ing  two  years;  was  engaged  in  manul.  '  i.g 
agricidtural  implements  at  Mineral  Point;  and 
in  18()8  removed  to  Yankton,  Dakota,  where  he 
remained  eight  years,  and  five  years  of  that 
time  was  sjient  in  lumbering.  Air.  Ilammoml 
was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
and  also  represented  the  Lancaster  District  in 
Wisconsin  during  the  terms  18()5-'0n.  He  and 
his  associates  continued  lumbering  at  Yankton 
until  1875,  when  our  subject  sold  his  interest 
and  went  to  Reno,  Nevada,  and  engaged  in 
flume  building,  in  the  interest  of  Flood  & 
O'Prion.  In  October,  of  the  same  year,  his 
family  joined  him  at  Reno,  and  together  they 
came  to  Ashland,  where  Air.  Hammond  followed 
millwrighting  several  years.  He  was  first  ap- 
pointed Postmaster  in  1882,  and  held  the  office 
about  five  years.  During  his  term  it  was  raised 
from  a  fourth  to  a  third  rate  office.  Mr.  Ham- 
mond has  been  engaged  in  real-estate  business 
and  fruit-growitig.  His  second  appointment  as 
Postmaster  was  in  June.  1890.  His  two  daugh- 
ters, (irace  and  Katie  assist  him  in  the  office, 
and  in  this  capacity  have  proven  themselves  the 
most  efficient  and  popular  deputies  the  city  has 
ever  had. 

Mr.  Hammond  has  been  twice  married,  first 
in  Lagrange,  Indiana,  November  (i,  1852,  to 
Elizabeth  Sehermerhorn,  a  native  of  Syracuse, 
New  York.  She  died  June  14,  1809,  leaving 
three  children:  Albert  li.,  Sarah  J.,  now  the 
wife  of  James  Devoe,  of  Yankton,  Dakota,  and 
John  U.  The  second  marriage  was  consum- 
mated at  Yankton,  March  I,  1872,  with  Mrs. 
Emma  J.  Howard,  nee  Black,  a  native  of  Illi- 
nois. To  this  union  has  been  born  six  children: 
Grace,  Frank  L.,  Katie,  Nellie,  Thomas  W.  and 


ni 


tttSTOUY    Oh'    ORFiaON. 


nti 


Uoberf  H.  Mrs.  Ilammoiid  \\a»  a  daugliter  hy 
her  foriiior  marriiifre,  Eiiiiiia  I''.  Howard,  wlio 
has  lietsn  conneeted  with  Wells- Fargo  Kxpress 
Company  several  years.  Ahoiit  two  yearn  ago 
she  was  appointed  their  agent  at  Ashland.  She 
is  a  lady  of  rare  executive  ahility,  and  handles 
the  vast  hiisineHS  that  passes  through  her  office 
with  minute  accuracy.  In  political  matters, 
Mr.  Hammond  casts  his  vote  with  the  Uepubli- 
can  party. 

CHJ.IAM  l'\  MiCAW,  architect,  Port- 
land, Oregon,  was  horn  in  Dublir.,  Ire- 
land, in  March,  1850.  His  ancestry 
were  Scotch- English,  and  among  them  were 
men  of  prominence  in  professional  and  army 
life.  His  parents,  John  and  Martha  (Conway) 
McCaw,  removed  to  Belfast  in  185G,  where  tlie 
father  conducted  an  extensive  business  in  archi- 
tecture and  building. 

William  F.  was  educated  in  private  schools 
at  Belfast,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  took  his 
first  lessons  in  drawing  at  the  Model  School 
of  that  city.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  then  took 
up  the  study  of  architecture  with  his  father,  at 
which  he  labored  assiduously  for  six  years, 
devoting  three  years  to  theory  and  three  years 
to  [)ractice  in  construction  and  building.  He 
completed  his  first  set  of  plans  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years,  and  then  superintended  the  con- 
struction. He  enjoyed  the  best  of  opportunities 
under  his  father's  guidance,  and  was  very  pro- 
ficient in  every  detail  of  work. 

In  1872  young  McCaw  left  his  native  land 
and  set  out  to  find  new  fields  of  labor.  He  first 
visited  Toronto,  and  was  there  employed  as 
head  draughtsman  in  the  oflice  of  William  Ir- 
ving, with  whom  he  remained  for  three  years. 
He  tlien  opened  an  office  of  his  own  and  con- 
ducted the  same  until  1881.  At  that  time,  on 
account  of  failing  health,  he  decided  to  seek  a 
milder  climate,  and  came  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
Traveling  through  Wasliington  and  California, 
lie  arrived  at  Portland  in  April,  1882,  with  a 
letter  of  introduction  to  Warren  II.  Williams, 
with  whom  lie  subsequently  became  engaged. 
Some  months  later  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  E.  Burton.  A  sliort  time  afterward,  how- 
ever, this  partnership  was  dissolved  and  he  re- 
turned to  the  employ  of  Mr.  Williams,  with 
whom  he  remained  until  January,  1884.     He 


theti  opened  an  independent  otlicc,  and  conducted 
the  same  successfully  for  a  number  of  years. 
Amongthe prominent  bnililings  of  his  design  and 
^<uperintendence  are  the  First  Regiment  Armo- 
ry, First  Presbyterian,  (irace  Methodist,  and 
United  I'rcsbyteriant'hurches,  Port  hind  Cordnge 
Works  and  many  of  the  haiidsoino  residences  of 
the  city.  In  1888  the  firm  of  McCaw  &  Martin 
was  established,  and  in  June,  18U1,  the  firm  of 
McCaw.  Martin  &  White,  which  is  one  of  the 
prominent  architectural  firms  of  the  city.  They 
designed  the  Dekiim  Block.  Portland  University 
buildings.  Woman's  Home,  (iilman  House, 
Skidniore  Block  and  many  of  the  more  elegant 
residencea. 

Mr.  McCaw  was  married  in  Toronto  in  1874, 
to  Miss  S.  A.  Wardiaw,  a  native  of  Belfast. 
They  have  two  children.  (Jeraldine  S.  and  Jo- 
sephine. 

Ho  is  a  member  of  the  A.  ().  U.  W.,  K.  of 
P.  and  one  of  the  National  Union.  He  is  First 
Lieutenant  and  Engineer  officer  on  the  Staff  of 
(!olonei  Charles  F.  Beebe,  First  Keginient, 
Oregon  National  (iiiards,  and  is  now  engaged 
in  enlisting  the  p]ngiiieer  Corps  of  tlie  regiment. 


AMUEL  COAD,  one  of  the  most  highly 
respected  citizens  of  Dallas,  I'olk  county. 
Oregon,  came  here  in  185iJ.  when  this 
State  was  a  Territory,  and  has  since  been  iileiiti- 
fied  with  its  best  interests. 

Mr.  Coad  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  February 
19,  1833,  son  of  John  and  Jane  (Jell'rey)  Coad, 
both  natives  of  lingland.  His  parents  had  six- 
teen children,  eleven  born  in  England,  and  five 
in  the  United  States.  Emigrating  to  this 
country  with  six  children,  they  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania. 
In  1842  they  moved  to  Iowa,  ami  took  up  their 
abode  on  the  frontier,  and  there  the  parents 
spent  the  rest  of  their  lives,  the  father  dying 
at  the  age  of  eighty  years,  and  the  mother  at 
seventy-six.  Seven  of  their  children  are  now 
"living.  One  sou  is  in  his  eighty-third  year, 
and  one  daughter,  a  resident  of  Pennsylvania,  is 
eighty-five. 

Mr.  Coad  learned  the  carpenters'  trade  in 
Iowa,  'and  when  he  was  twenty  came  to  Ore- 
gon, working  his  passage  across  the  plains  by 
driving  a  team  for  John  Wolverton.  They  ar- 
rived   at  Foster's  on   the    12th   of  September, 


Ipf  4:i 


m 


HtSTOnr    Of   OREGON. 


1853.  Coming  on  \u  Siiluiii,  Mr.  Coiid  took  the 
liret  employment  that  offered,  wiiich  wps  work 
in  a  hotel,  for  C.  Duboice.  After  a  time  he 
was  promoted  to  second  steward,  at  a  salary  of 
of  830  per  month,  ami  was  set  to  niakinij;  parti- 
tions, hani^ing  doors,  and  doini^f  other  carpenter 
work.  Being  kept  at  this  kind  (if  work,  and 
not  receiving  carpenters"  wages,  he  decided  to 
qnit  work.  His  employer  tried  to  drive  him  at 
the  mnzzle  of  his  pistol,  i)nt  fonnd  he eonld  not 
succeed,  and  then  refused  to  |)ay  him  for  what 
work  he  had  done.  Voung  Coad,  however, 
brought  suit,  and  secured  his  pay. 

In  the  fall  of  1853  he  came  to  I'olk  county, 
and  was  cnployed  by  John  I'hillips  in  ijuilding 
a  house.  Tiie  following  Sj)riiig  he  wont  to  the 
llogue  river  counti'y.  nrospecting  for  gold.  lie 
traveled  with  pack  animals  to  the  liig  bend  of 
Rogue  river,  at  whicli  place  he  and  his  ))arty 
were  attacked  by  Indians,  and  compelled  to  re- 
tire. Tiiey  then  went  to  Jacksonville  and  dug 
for  gold  for  a  time,  l>ut  as  they  were  not  very 
successful,  soon  abandoned  the  occupation.  Mr. 
Coad  returned  to  Polk  county,  and  worked  for 
Mr.  Phillips  another  year.  We  ne.xt  tind  Idin 
at  the  liUckamute,  working  at  ^he  carpenters' 
trade,  in  partnership  with  J.  .1.  Williams,  and 
later  he  worked  for  the  (lovernment,  building 
block  houses.  When  the  Indian  war  broke  out 
in  1855,  lie  volunteered  his  services,  went  to 
the  front,  and  was  in  the  engageiiren ",  at  Snake 
river.  He  was  snbsetpiontly  disauled  i>y  an  ac- 
cident, and  returned.  Later,  we  rind  him  build- 
ing the  fort  in  King's  valley,  under  contract 
from  the  Government. 

In  the  spring  of  185'<,  he  was  married  in  Polk 
county,  and  settled  on  the  Luckamute,  wiiere 
he  took  up  140  acres  of  land.  Here  he  farmed 
live  or  si.x  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he 
purchased  a  farm  just  lielov  Dallas,  having  pre- 
viously disposed  of  his  other  property.  He 
rented  his  laud  and  worked  at  hi^  trade,  con- 
tracting iK.I  building.  He  was  oni;  of  the 
builders  of  Mio  first  woolen  fact(.ries  here.  He 
subsequently  purchased  an  interest  in  a  drug 
liusiness  in  Dallas,  in  pai'tncrHUip  witii  his 
brother-in-law.  IJ.  F.  Xieliols,  and  was  success- 
fully engaged  in  the  same  until  his  iiealth  failed. 
He  then  sold  his  inten-sl  in  the  store,  and  pur- 
chased a  slicc|)  rancli  west  of  Dallas.  Since 
then  he  has  dealt  in  lands,  loaned  money,  etc., 
and  has  ([uietly  and  steadily  ])rospeieil.  lie  is 
now  a  stockholder  and  director  of  the  Dallas 
City  Bank. 


Mr.  Coad's  marriage  in  1858,  has  already  been 
referred  to.  The  lady  he  wedded.  Miss  Henri- 
etta Gilliam,  daughter  of  General  Gilliam, 
was  born  in  18-12,  and  came  to  Oregon  in  1844. 
In  1875,  after  seventeen  years  of  married  life, 
deatli  summoned  ilrs.  Coad  to  her  last  home. 
She  left  five  children,  as  follows;  James  Fran- 
cis, a  business  man  of  Dallas;  Chester  Gilbert, 
who  served  two  terms  as  County  Clerk,  is  now 
cashier  of  the  Dallas  City  Dank;  Mary  Fllen 
is  tint  wife  of  .1.  B.  Stump;  Henrietta;  and 
Maggie  Nora,  wife  of  T.  I>.  Powell,  died  in  her 
twenty-si.Nth  year,  leaving  two  children.  In 
1878  Mr.  Coad  married  Aliss  Annie  McNeal,  a 
native  of  Neljraska,  and  a  lady  of  culture  and 
refinement.  She  has  a  talent  for  oil  paint- 
ing, and  the  i),Muitiful  j)ietures  of  Oregon's  un- 
rivaled scenery,  which  adorn  their  horn;!,  are 
her  own  work.  They  have  two  children,  .lasper 
K.  anu   George  R. 

Mr.  (Joad  has  been  a  luemiier  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  for  over  thirty  years.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Republican  party  in  his 
county,  and  has  since  been  a  member  of  its 
ranks. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  one  of  Oregon's 
worthy  citizens  and  honored  pioneers. 


«-♦ 


r^>    ..H^i.cCC-l 


fO  S  E  P II  P  A IJ  U  E  T,  a  reputable  and  es- 
teemed  citizen  of  Oregon's  metropolis,  was 
born  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  on  March  19. 
1841.  His  father.  Francis  X.  Paquet,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Canada,  where  he  was  born  on  .Ian nary 
15.  1811.  On  tiie  I2th  of  July,  183(J,  his  fa- 
ther married  Marie  Louise  Lannadier  de  Lang- 
dean,  a  luitive  of  St.  Louis,  who  was  born  in 
1818.  Both  parents  were  of  P'rench  ancestry. 
They  had  twelve  children,  only  four  of  whom 
aie  now  living.  His  father  was  a  shipbuilder 
by  trade.  He  served  with  valor  In  the  Black 
Hawk  wai-.  of  which  he  is  a  respected  veteran. 
In  1^52  he  made  the  long,  wearisome  journey 
overland  to  Oregon,  and  now  resides  in  the  me- 
tropolis, still  happy,  at  eighty-one  years  of  age, 
in  tlie  society  of  his  wife,  the  partner  for  fifty- 
six  vears  of  his  soi-rowa  and  "ares,  she  being 
1 1892)  seventy  four  years  old.  In  making  the 
jonrney  tc  the  far  West,  they  started  from  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  on  May  1,  1852,  going  tlienco 
t<)  St.  Joseph  by  steamer,  whence  they  started 
.ivciiand  wifli  four  wagons,  fifteen  yoke  of  o.xen, 


niSrOKT    OF    OHEaON. 


m 


two  cows  and  two  horses.  After  many  excitini; 
experiences  too  numerous  to  incorporate  here, 
tliey  arrived  at  the  Dalles,  on  September  22, 
when  at  length  tliey  made  boats  of  their  wagon 
beds,  and  Hoated  in  them  down  the  (k)hunbia 
river  to  the  Cascades,  and  there  took  passage  on 
the  steamer  Mnltnomah,  arrivin^jat  Portland  on 
October  10,  1852.  Here  they  wintered,  mov- 
ing about  the  1st  of  May,  1853,  to  Canemah, 
and  in  the  tall  of  1854,  they  occupied  the  prop- 
erty since  known  as  the  Paquet  Donation  Claim, 
on  which  tliey  imve  built,  and  which  they  have 
brought  to  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 

Our  subject  relates  the  following  reminis- 
cence of  the  steamer  Multnomah:  a  shaft  ex- 
tended across  the  deck  from  wheel  to  wheel, 
which  was  about  two  feet  above  the  deck,  there 
being  .steps  for  the  passengers  to  walk  up  and 
over  it.  At  either  side  of  the  boat  were  benches 
for  the  passengers  to  sit  on.  One  day  a  man 
went  to  sleep  on  the  bench,  and  his  coat-tail 
caught  on  the  sliaft,  which  wound  it  up,  and  be- 
gan to  tear  it  off  from  him,  very  near  severely 
injuring  the  man  before  the  shaft  could  be 
stopped.  This  caused  great  excitement  on  the 
boat.  The  wagon  boxes  in  which  they  came 
down  the  river,  were  fastened  together,  making 
a  kind  of  raft;  but  on  coming  to  the  rapids, 
they  were  obliged  to  unload,  seperate  the  wagons 
and  carry  them  on  their  slioulders  over  the 
rough  mountains,  around  the  i-apids;  tlieir  things 
having  al.^o  to  be  carried  in  the  same  way,  making 
it  a  tedious  undertaking,  entirely  unexpected  to 
them,  and  requiring  the  most  determined  effort 
to  accomplish.  On  their  arrival  at  Portland, 
they  had  no  place  in  which  to  live,  exceptiiig  a 
cheap  warehouse  near  the  Ainsworth  dock, 
wliicli  had  had  hogs  stored  in  it,  and  which 
was  in  a  very  bad  condition.  They  cleared  it 
out,  put  a  partition  across  it,  and  spent  the 
winter  there,  which  was  a  hard  one,  being  a  very 
uncomfortable  time  for  them.  They  were  at 
Canemah  for  two  years,  and  he  with  the  other 
children,  were  sent  to  seliool  there.  It  was 
taught  by  .1  ndgc  Shatiock  and  a  lady  teacher. 
She  taught  the  boys,  while  the  Judge  taught 
the  girls.  ( )ur  subject  subsecjuently  learned  the 
boat-builder's  trade  of  his  father,  ainee  when  he 
has  been  a  contractor  of  boats,  wharves  and 
dykes,  lie  built  the  first  wing  dam  built  by 
the  <TOvernmcnt  on  the  Willamette  river,  blow- 
ing out  the  first  rock  to  clear  the  channel,  and 
making  the  lirst  dykes  in  the  Willamette  river 
and  slough,     lie  has    been,  for  the   past  eight 


years,  a  member  of  the  iirm  of  Piupiet  &  Smith. 
They  have  pile  drivers  and  build  railroads,  boats, 
wharves,  warehou.ses,  raise  sunken  steamers,  and 
other  matters  of  the  kind,  and  do  a  very  large 
business.  They  built  the  foundation  of  tlie 
Madison  street  bridge.  Mr.  Paquet  was  one  of 
tlie  incorporators  of  the  Citizen's  National  Hank, 
of  which  he  is  a  director  and  stockholder.  lie 
was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  East  Port- 
land Gas  Light  Company,  and  was  president  for 
several  years,  until  they  sold  to  another  com- 
pany. Mr.  Paquet  was  also  one  of  the  incor- 
porators of  the  East  Side  Light  and  Water  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  was  a  director  until  they  sold 
the  plant  to  the  city,  lie  has  several  ranches 
and  considerable  city  property.  He  lias  added 
much  to  the  interest  of  the  city  by  the  various 
buildings  he  has  erected,  llis  own  residence  in 
East  Portland,  is  an  ornament  to  the  city,  being 
a  modern  ami  tasteful  structure,  surrounded 
with  attractive  grounds. 

lie  was  married  in  1870  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Plattenberger,  a  native  of  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
They  have  a  son  and  daughter.  Mary  li.,  was 
born  in  Canemah;  and  Joseph  D.,  is  a  true  son 
of  Portland. 

In  politics,  our  subject  is  a  Republican,  tak- 
ing an  interest  in  public  affairs,  having  been  for 
years  a  director  of  the  schools  and  chairman  of 
the  Board. 

During  his  many  years  of  residence  of  the 
metropolis,  he  has  steadily  grown  in  the  esteem 
of  his  fellow-citizens,  as  a  man  of  fidelity  to 
trusts,  integrity  of  purpose,  and  of  intelligence 
and  public-spirit. 

tON.  WALTER  M.  WALKER,  one  of  the 
highly  esteemed  citizens  of  S|)ring  Valley, 
Polk  connty,  Oregon,  came  to  this  State 
in  1848.  He  was  a  Virginian  by  birth,  having 
been  born  Jidy  23,  1814,  in  that  State.  Ilia 
father,  Adam  Walker,  was  born  in  the  colony 
of  Virginia,  February  12,  1773.  The  Ameri- 
can founder  of  the  name,  also  Adam  Walker, 
emigrated  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  I'enn- 
sylvania,  where  lie  married  Miss  Agnes  Davis. 
They  had  eight  cliildren,  and  the  oldest  child, 
Adam,  was  the  subject's  father.  Ho  married 
Miss  Mary  Doak,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  they 
had  five  cliildren,  of  whom  all  but  one  are 
living,  and  thrse  of  the  sons  are  in  Oregon, 


CsO 


iirsTonr  of  oufcaoy. 


Our  8iil)ject  was  tliu  ekicst  cliilil,  and  in  iiJB 
sixteenth  year  the  family  reinoveil  to  Missouri, 
in  1829,  wliere  the  parents  resided  during  the 
remainder  of  tlieir  lives,  the  father  dying  April 
27,  1835,  and  the  mother  July  28,  1812. 

Our  Kuliject  married,  in  rike  county,  Mis- 
souri, .Inly  (),  184;},  Miss  .fane  Mackey.  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  daughter  of  Captain  ,)oiin 
Mackey,  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  born  Janu- 
ary 24,  17'J1.  ]\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Walker  had  one 
child  born  to  them  in  Missouri,  Mary  Virginia. 
Mr.  Walker's  brothers,  C.  C.  and  Wellington 
li.,  had  made  the  painful  journey  to  Oregon  in 
1845,  where  they  remained  until  1847,  when 
W.  1j.  Walker  returned  to  Missouri  in  company 
with  fifteen  otliers,  in  a  pack  train.  He  gave 
such  enthusiastic  accounts  of  the  resources  of 
that  great  Territory,  that  Mr.  W^alker.  wife  and 
child,  left  their  home  in  Missouri,  in  April, 
1848,  and  started,  with  ox  teams  and  wagon,  to 
cross  the  plains.  They  took  some  loose  cattle 
and  horses  with  them,  ami  such  provisions  as 
were  thought  necessary.  Tliey  joined  a  com- 
pany of  iiftyfive  wagons  and  a  large  number 
of  men,  women  anil  children,  many  of  whom 
have  since  passed  away,  after  serving  the  State 
of  their  adoption  in  various  ways.  They  had  a 
safe  journey,  not  one  death  occurring,  and  Mr. 
Walker  came  direct  to  Spring  Valley  upon  ar- 
rival in  Oregon.  Here  he  took  a  donation 
claim,  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  He  came 
to  the  West  to  make  a  home  for  his  family,  and 
his  praisewortliy  efforts  have  been  crowned  with 
success,  as  he  has  now  the  satisfaction  of  own- 
ing one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  county,  ail 
secured  by  his  own  industry  and  economy.  He 
and  his  good  wife  enjoy  the  comforts  that  their 
work  has  earned.  They  are  very  much  attached 
to  their  home,  and  could  jiot  be  pursuaded  to 
leave  it  for  any  home,  However  grand.  Mr. 
Walker  argues  timt  no  pioneer,  who  has  toiled 
to  nuike  such  a  home  as  his  is,  should  want  to 
leave  it  for  any  other  place.  This  gentleman  is 
now  in  his  seventy-eigiith  year  of  his  life,  and 
is  a  well-preserved  miiu  for  his  years.  He  has 
a  kind,  intelligent  and  benevolent  face,  and  his 
Boeiety  is  very  enjoynble.  So  honest  and  up- 
right has  been  his  life  that  he  enjoys  the  good- 
will and  esteem  of  every  one  who  has  the  lionor 
of  his  acfuuiintancc. 

After  his  arrival  in  the  valley  ho  becai.ie  a 
useful  factor  in  the  developuu'Ut  of  the  county. 
With  his  neightiors  lu'  formed  a  company  whicii 
built  a  warehouse  for  the  storage  and  shipment 


of  grain,  and  he  was  made  president  of  the 
company.  He  also  took  stock  and  aided  in  the 
building  of  the  first  steamer  of  the  People's 
Protective  Transportation  t^ompany,  whereby 
they  were  able  to  get  their  produce  to  market  at 
greatly  reduced  rates.  This  aided  very  much  in 
the  settlement  of  the  county.  As  he  became 
able  he  added  another  half  section  to  his  farm, 
making  900  acres  in  all. 

Mr.  and  ^[rs.  Walker  have  had  five  children, 
namely:  Mary  Virginia,  now  Mrs.  J.  L.  Pur- 
vine,  resides  near  her  father;  Susan  Missouri, 
now  Mrs.  Dr.  I).  W.  Jeffries,  of  Salem;  Nancy, 
now  ^[rs.  D.  G.  Henry,  resides  near  her  father; 
Laduska  Jane,  wife  of  James  K.  Sears,  resides 
at  McC'oy;  and  Dora  is  still  at  home  with  her 
parents. 

Mr.  Walker  was  elected  County  Coirimissioner 
and  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1849,  but  he  says 
that  there  was   nothing  for  them  to  do,  in  the 

o 

unsettled  state  of  the  county.  In  1850  ho  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  are  worthy  members  of 
the  Baptist  Church,  and  aided  in  building  tiie 
church  edifice.  They  liberally  contribute  to  the 
support  of  this  same  churcli,  in  which  they  are 
highly  esteemed.  These  two  old  peo])le  feel 
that  tiiey  have  much  to  be  thankful  for,  as  they 
view  tlieir  five  daughters  and  fifteen  grand- 
children, all  in  pleasant  homes,  and  these  five 
daughters  regard  with  a  veneration  the  kind 
parents  who  guarded  them  from  all  trouble  in 
their  youthful  days. 


3f5*»-^ 


ILKV  W.  ^[AV,  who  is  ranked  with  the 
early  pioneers  of    Oregon,    he    having 
arrived    here    in   1847,   is  one  of   the 
rcjiresentative  '.'itizens  of  Clackamas  county. 

Mr.  May  was  born  in  Illinois,  October  15, 
ISiio,  a  descendant  of  Knglish  ancestry.  His 
grandfather,  John  May,  a  Iveutuckian  by  birth, 
was  oiu-  of  the  pioneers  of  Illinois.  He  died  in 
Illinois,  aged  sixty-six  years.  Thonuis  W,.  the 
second  of  his  eleven  children,  and  the  father  of 
Wiley  W.,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  December  9, 
1812.  He  was  nineteen  when  the  family  went 
to  Illinois,  in  which  State,  Set)temi)er  20,  lS32, 
he  married  Miss  Caroline  NfcNealy.  lie  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Plack  Hawk  war.  On  a  farm  in 
Illinois  he  resided  fifteen  years,  and  he  and  his 
wife  became  the  parents  of  iive  children,  tiiree 


HISTORY    OF    OIIEGOX. 


881 


Bons  and  two  daughters.  April  1,  1847,  he  and 
his  family  started  across  the  plains  for  Oregon, 
and  reached  their  destination  on  the  1st  of  Oc- 
toher  following,  having  had  the  measles  while 
e!i  route.  Upon  tlieir  arrival  here,  Mr.  May 
settled  on  the  Molalla,  on  a  doi::vlioii  claim  of 
640  acres,  where  he  bui't  the  rude  log  cabin  of 
the  pioneer.  As  sooii  as  possible  he  purciiased 
nursery  trees,  gi''ing  $25  for  a  few  small  ones 
that  ho  could  jitrry  in  his  hands,  and  in  five 
years  from  the  time  of  plantin<^  he  sold  f750 
worth  cf  apples  from  them.  Jlis  son  Wiley 
haulcil  tliem  to  Oregon  City,  from  where  they 
wore  shipped  to  San  Francisco,  where  they 
hrought  fabulous  prices.  Some  of  these  apples 
measured  four  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter. 
Their  farm  was  in  the  midst  of  the  timber,  and 
they  expended  much  hard  labor  in  clearing  and 
improving  it.  The  father  subsequently  sold  it 
to  one  of  his  sons,  and  from  1806  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  March  (!,  1880, 'he  lived  on 
land  belonging  to  his  son,  Wiley  W.  Ilis  wife 
departed  this  life  December  13,  1859,  in  her 
forty-seventh  year.  Both  were  devoted  Chris- 
tians, he  a  Baptist  and  she  a  Alethodist.  Later 
in  life,  however,  he  joined  the  Congregational- 
ists,  as  there  was  no  Baptist  Church  near  him. 
He  served  two  years  as  Commissioner  of  Clack- 
amas county.  Four  of  his  children  who  crossed 
the  plains  in  1847  are  still  living:  Harvey  B.. 
a  resident  of  Canemah,  is  married  and  has  a  fam- 
ily of  nine  children.  Sophia  married  Everett 
Noyer.  and  has  seven  children.  They  live  in 
Washington.  Delia  married  I'eter  Noyer,  and 
has  five  children,  they  also  being  residents  of 
Washington.  Stephen  L.  died  in  his  eighteenth 
year. 

Wiley  W.  May  was  thirteen  years  old  when 
he  landed  in  Oregon.  In  1850,  when  in  his 
siAteenth  year,  he  went  overland  to  California 
with  his  father.  They  mi.'itd  during  the  winter 
of  1860-'51,  and  in  the  spring  returned  to 
Oregon  with  1^2,500  in  gold.  The  largest  piece 
they  found  was  worth  S78.  He  remained  with 
his  fiiUu  r  until  he  was  twenty  years  old,  at 
which  time  his  father  gave  him  19()  acres  of 
land.  October  1.  1857,  he  married  Miss  Vir- 
ginia Worshain,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born 
October  13,  1841,  daughter  of  Kobert  N.  Wor- 
sham.  After  their  marriage  they  resided  on 
the  farm  until  1876,  when  he  sold  out  and  they 
r(  moved  to  Oregon  City  in  order  to  give  their 
children  the  bcuetit  of  better  educational  facili- 
ties.    After  two  years  he  purchased   property 


two  miles  south  of  Oregon  City,  on  which  he 
lived  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  ho 
bought  160  acres  of  his  father's  donation  claim, 
two  years  later  again  returned  to  Oregon  City, 
and  after  spending  a  year  there,  bought  fifty 
acres  of  land  six  miles  southeast  of  Oregon 
City,  where  they  now  have  a  comfortable  homo 
anU  r.re  engaged  in  agricultural  and  horti- 
cultural pursuits. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  May  have  had  twelve  children; 
The  oldest,  Charles  William,  died  when  fourteen 
months  old.  Henry  W.,  of  Brouerville,  Ed- 
ward E.,  of  Elyville,  and  Lewis  L.,  of  Lents, 
are  all  married.  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Henry 
Nicholson,  resides  at  Forest  Grove;  Uorali  E. 
is  the  wife  of  Horace  Williams,  and  resides  at 
Oregon  City;  Olive  E.  is  the  wife  of  Captain 
William  Exon,  and  lives  in  Portland.  The 
others,  Oscar  M.,  Aimeta  E.,  Ida  E.,  Jennie  F. 
and  Bertha  E.,  are  at  home. 

Mr.  and  Mrs,  May  are  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church.  Politically,  Mr.  May 
affiliates  with  the  Republican  party.  He  is  an 
earnest  worker  in  the  temperance  cause.  Kind- 
hearted,  public-spirited  and  generous,  he  has 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


^# 


)W^ 


IlLLIAM  R.  JOHNSON,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1852,  and  a  well-to-do  farmer 
of  Yam  Hill  county,  was  born  in  Ohio, 
April  2,  1824.  His  father,  Richard  Johnson, 
was  born  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  of  Irish  par- 
ents, on  the  voyage  to  America.  He  was  reared 
in  Ohio,  and  married  Milbrey  Graves,  a  native 
of  North  Carolina.  They  had  seven  children, 
five  of  whom  are  now  living,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  being  the  third  in  order  of  birth. 

Our  subject  was  roared  on  a  farm  in  Indiana, 
to  which  State  his  parents  moved  in  an  early 
day,  while  the  country  was  yet  wild  and  unset- 
tled. He  attended  the  district  school  at  La 
Fayette,  that  State,  and  some  time  later  went  to 
Arkansas,  and  was  afterward  married  there  to 
Miss  Del  Steward,  an  estimable  lady,  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  John  Steward,  a  well-known 
resident  of  Indiana.  Tl.ey  had  one  child,  which 
was  born  in  Indiana,  aiul  which  ihey  named 
Laura. 

\iy  this  time  o  •  subject  had  heard  of  tlm 
marvelous  opportunities  afforded  to  settlers  in 
Oregon,  by  reason  of  the  rich  soil  and  congenial 


.ill 


682 


niSTOllY    OF    OHEOON. 


im 


m 


cliirjate  and  the  lari^c  donations  of  land  bestowed 
on  actnal  residents  liy  the  (iovernnient.  Ac- 
cordingly, on  March  24,  1852,  lie  with  his  wife 
and  child  and  his  mother,  started  with  oxen, 
horses  and  three  wajjons,  on  the  long  jonrney 
across  the  plains  to  Orciron.  They  traveled 
most  of  the   way    alone,    and    had    a    safe   and 

Cleasant  trip.  They  had  either  tish  or  some 
ind  of  i;ame  nearly  every  day,  which  lie  pro- 
cured !)v  fishing  and  hunting,  which  lie  enjoyed 
very  niucli.  The  teams,  with  which  he  started, 
brought  them  through  to  La  Fayette,  Yam  llill 
county,  Oregon,  and  to  his  donation  claim,  sit- 
uated seven  miles  northwest  of  the  present  site 
of  ilcMiniiville.  At  that  time,  there  was  no 
city  of  McMinnvil!.  .  but  there  were  a  few  good 
pioneers  in  the  county,  anioiig  whom  he  remem- 
bers Dr.  Ale  Bride,  W.  I>.  Adains,  .lames  Mc- 
Giness,  Dr.  Sitton  and  Zebediah  Slielton. 

He  liad  no  money,  but  liired  money  at  three 
per  cent  a  month,  and  paid  Mr.  M.  Mctiiness 
for  his  claim  of  820  acres.  I'>y  increasing  in- 
dustry and  economy,  he  was  enabled,  in  time,  to 
prove  up  on  Ids  land,  and  pay  ids  indebtedness, 
since  when  he  has  continued  to  reside  on  iiis 
farm.  He  and  his  family  resided  at  first  in  a 
log  cabin,  which  he  l)uilt.  experiencing  the 
usual  vicissitudes  of  a  pioneer.  Finally,  lie 
erected  their  present  large  and  comfortable 
residence,  where  lie  now  resides,  relieved  uf  all 
the  hard  work  of  the  farm,  which  he  leaves  to 
his  son  and  the  other  young  men  connected 
with  iiini.  To  his  original  purchase  he  has 
aildcd  from  time  to  time  many  other  purchases, 
until  his  original  claim  is  enlarged  to  700  acres 
of  the  choicest  farming  lan<l  in  this  beautiful 
valley,  besides  this,  he  owns  several  other 
tracts  of  valuable  land  in  the  vicinity. 

Six  more  children  were  born  in  Oregon: 
Alice  Ct.,  wife  of  Mr.  .lolin  Stallcop,  resides  in 
this  vicinity;  J-illie  If.,  wife  of  M.  II.  Mes- 
senger, also  resides  in  this  neighborhood ;  two 
daughters,  Agnes  and  Kate,  are  unmarried; 
while  the  son,  (i.  II.,  is  at  home  with  his  father. 

The  faitliful  wife!  and  devoted  mother  died  in 
ISfi'J.  She  was  a  woman  of  superior  ability  and 
of  rare  Christian  character,  and  was  greatly 
lamented  by  her  family  and  friends. 

In  1882  Mr.  .lohnson  married  Miss  Mary 
Shumway,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native  of 
Wasco  county.  ( )regon.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  Aurora  Shumway,  a  well  I<ik)wii  and  highly 
I'espected     Oregon     pioneer.     They    have    two 


children,  Lulu  and  Willie,  who  are  jiroinising 
young  Oregonians. 

Mr.  Johnson  is  a  Itepublican  in  politics,  but 
takes  no  active  jiart  in  public  all'airs,  ilesiring 
only  the  election  of  good  men  to  otHce. 

He  is  a  member  in  good  standing  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  in  the  welfare  of  which  society  he 
takes  a  deep  interest. 

Thus  all  too  brietly  is  told  the  life  of  an  in- 
dustrious pioneer  of  this  great  commonwealth, 
who  was  as  great  in  the  sterling  qualities,  which 
win  success,  as  was  the  great  State  in  oppor- 
tunities of  soil  and  climate,  which  now  succors 
many  on  her  broad  bosom. 


J.  GOODMAN,  the  leading  hardware 
merchant  and  business  man  of  Iiide- 
>»  pendence,  and  senior  member  of  the  firm 
of  Goodman  it  Doughty,  is  a  native  of  Missouri, 
born  A|)ril  12,  1847.  He  is  of  German  an- 
cestry, w'lio  were  early  settlers  of  Kentucky, 
where  his  father,  James  II.  Goodman,  was  'orn 
in  1823,  and  moved  with  his  parents  to  Mis- 
souri, in  the  early  settlement  of  that  State.  In 
1843  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Locker,  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  and  daughter  o''  Allen 
Locker,  of  Kentucky.  In  1852,  whe:-.  our  sub 
ject  was  five  years  old,  the  family  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  consuming  five  montlis  in 
the  journey.  Many  in  their  train  died  of  the 
dread  cholera,  but  the  (Joodinau  family  arrived 
at  their  destination  in  safety,  and  took  up  a  do- 
nation claim  in  Linn  county,  on  the  Santiam. 
Here  they  built  the  log  cabin  of  the  pioneer, 
and  resided  two  years,  then  sold  out  and  removed 
to  Benton  county,  twenty  miles  south  of  Cor- 
vallis,  and  began  again  to  improve  land,  but 
in  eight  years  this  too  was  sold,  and  then  with  this 
money  Mr.  (ioodm.an  purchased  220  acres  near 
his  former  place,  where  he  remained  until  1870, 
when  he  again  sold  and  removed  to  Eugene  ('ity, 
where  he  now  resides.  His  wife  is  still  living,  and 
they  both  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
and  are  highly  respe<!ted  by  all  who  know  them. 
Mr.  (loodman,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 
raised  on  a  farm,  and  received  his  education 
principally  at  the  district  schools  of  Henton 
county.  He  began  life  as  a  farmer,  and  owned 
300  acres  of  land,  just  above  Kugene  <'ity. 
Here  he  resided  for  about  six  years,  when,  in 
1880,  ho   sold  out,  and   in  1882  came  to  Inde- 


„::^ii 


m 


HTSTOnr    OF    (iliEOON. 


683 


-■'.  ( 


pendence,  and  engafred  in  tlie  Imrdware  buBiiiess 
with  Mr.  K.  A.  Doughty,  then  a  young  man. 
Tliey  began  business  on  a  small  scale,  but 
constantly  increased  it,  and  in  18'J2  their  bnsi- 
ncss  was  incorporated  as  a  branch  of  11.  M. 
Waile  &  Company,  one  of  the  largest  firms  of 
the  kind  in  the  State,  dealing  in  general  hard- 
ware, stoves,  farm  implements  anil  vehicles  of 
every  deccription. 

Mr.  (toodman  has  been  one  of  the  founders 
and  one  of  the  stocklioldersof  the  Independence 
National  Bank,  and  also  became  one  of  the  in- 
corporators of  the  Electric  IJght  Company  of 
the  city,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $4:0,000.  They 
lighted  the  city,  for  the  first  time,  in  the  fall  of 
1890.  Tiiey  have  the  Edison  system,  and  the 
company  is  composed  of  five  of  tlie  best  busi- 
ness men  of  the  city.  Mr.  Goodman  is  also 
largely  interested  in  real  estate. 

He  was  married,  March,  1880,  to  Miss  Mary 
M.  Fronk,  a  native  of  California,  and  a  dangii- 
ter  of  John  Fronk.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goodman 
liave  two  children.  Glen  K.  and  Dean  T.  Mr. 
Goodman  has  built  a  fine  residence,  where  he 
resides  with  his  family.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  passed  all  the  chairs 
in  that  order.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
(irand  Lodge.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and 
has  had  the  honor  of  being  elected  to  the  office 
of  Mayor  of  his  city.  He  has  also  served 
three  years  as  a  Councilman,  prior  to  serving- 
two  terms  as  Mayor.  lie  takes  an  important 
part  in  all  that  tends  toward  the  development  of 
the  city.  Mrs.  Goodman  is  a  faithful  member 
of  tlie  Congregational  Church,  and  they  both 
are  highly  esteemed  in  the  city  of  Independ- 
ence.    .  _ 


iKOKGE  C.  COOLEY,  mcrchantof  Hrowns- 
ville,  and  pioneer  of  1853,  of  Oregon,  was 
born  in  (irayson  count ,',  Virginia,  in  1831. 
His  parents,  Martin  and  (ylirischana  (Currin) 
Cooley,  were  natives  of  t!ie  same  State,  their 
ancestors  being  numbered  among  the  early  set- 
tlers. Mr.  Cooley  followed  farming  until  his 
death  in  1840.  The  next  year  Mrs.  Cooley  atid 
her  four  cliildron  moved  to  Henry  county,  Mis- 
Bouri,  and  in  184G  to  Cnss  county,  and  they 
still  followed  farming,  and  they  still  continued 
it  until  the  spring  of  1853.  when  with  two 
wagons  and  five  yoke  of  oxen    they  struck  out 


for  Oregon.  The  train  numbered  about  fifty 
people  and  thirteen  wagons.  They  reached 
Foster's  without  any  serious  incidents  befalling 
them.  From  there  they  proceeded  to  Lane 
county,  where  Mrs.  Cooley's  brother  was  located 
and  they  took  up  a  claim  neai-  Cottage  (irove, 
and  though  very  j)oor  and  with  little  to  do  with, 
they  engaged  in  farming,  (ieorge  C,  the  eld- 
est child,  secured  a  position  as  clerk  in  the  store 
of  H.  L.  Brown  &  Hugh  Fields,  at  Browns- 
ville, and  he  turned  in  iiis  salary  to  support  the 
family,  thus  contributing  for  four  years  until 
they  had  paid  up  on  the  land  and  were  a  little 
ahead.  He  continued  as  clerk  until  1803,  when 
he  purchased  the  fourth  interest  in  the  store, 
and  then  ran  it  with  several  changes,  in  firm 
name  until  1808,  when  the  firm  of  Cooley  & 
AVashburn  was  organized,  which  continued  with- 
out interruption  until  1889,  when  Washburn 
withdrew,  and  Mr.  Cooley  purchased  his  interest. 
He  took  his  son  in  as  partner  and  bis  son-in- 
law,  J.  I).  Irvine,  also,  and  the  firm  of  George 
C.  Cooley  it  Co.  was  estabished,  and  is  still  in 
operation,  being  the  contii: nation  of  the  pioneer 
store  of  Brownsville.  It  was  established  by 
Hugh  L.  Brown  and  James  Blakely,  about  1850. 
Messrs.  Cooley  &  Co.  still  carry  a  full  line  in 
general  merchandise,  hardwaie,  and  in  1892, 
added  farm  machinery.  Mr.  C  >oley  owns  ninety 
acres  adjoining  the  town  ol  Brownsville,  and  in 
1892  platted  Cooley's  addition  to  the  town. 

He  was  married  in  Brownsville  in  1857,  to 
Miss  Harriet  Blakely,  daughter  of  James 
Blakely,  a  pioneer  of  1840,  and  proprietor  of 
the  town  site  of  Brownsville,  which  was  laid  off 
about  1854.  They  iiave  six  children:  AVilliam 
C;  Carrie,  wife  of  J.  I),  Irvine;  Etta,  wife  of 
George  W.  Wright,  attorney  of  Albany,  Kitty, 
Mrs.  W.  W.  Bailey;  James  B.  and  Emma. 

For  forty  years  Mr.  C'ooley  has  been  faithful 
in  the  discharge  of  his  duty,  and  from  clerk  he 
has  risen  to  be  proprietor,  with  an  increased 
store  area  and  capital  invested.  His  habits  of 
integrity  and  persevering  industry  are  worthy  of 
emulation.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  re- 
spect of  the  ontirecominnnity. 


:Hi\ 


^W|AI{CELLIIS  S.  DAILEY  of  Hillsboro, 
V/'AI  came  to  Oretton  in  1853.      He  was  born 


'regou 
Virginia   I^ccember    7,  1832.      His 


father,  Hugh  Dailey,  was  also  a   native  of  that 


all  ■ 


m 


684 


U I  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


i\  n 


i  ■    ill;) 


Strtte,  a.id  came  of  one  of  the  F.  F.  V.  The 
ffraiK  I  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  and 
their  aiipestry  was  Irish.  l[r.  Dailey'.s  mother 
was  F<Uth  Butcher,  the  dauirhterof  Eli  Butcher 
of  Viiyinia,  a  representative  old  settler  of  that 
State.  Of  their  seven  children,  five  are  liviiifr. 
all  in  the  Kast,  except  Mr.  Dailey.  lie  was 
raised  in  Virijinia  until  his  fifteenth  year,  then 
emiifrated  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  until 
his  twenty-first  year,  and  then  crossed  the  plains 
to  seek  a  new  honie  in  the  land  that  promised  so 
much.  Plenty  of  eiTiigrants  were  on  the  way 
that  yt'ar  to  ( )regon,  and  they  had  a  safe  journey 
of  si.\  months  on  the  road.  Mr.  Dailey  begftn 
his  Oregon  history  in  the  mines  at  Canyon  City. 
From  there,  in  1854,  he  went  to  Yreka,  Cali- 
fornia, and  mined  a  yoar,  meeting  with  fine  suc- 
cess. In  1855  he  retire<l  to  Oregon  and  was 
sent  as  a  scout  in  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'5t). 
On  the  Rogue  river  he  rendered  the  country  and 
settlers  valuable  service,  took  great  risks,  and 
had  many  startling  adventures  and  hairbreadth 
escapes.  He  often  slept  at  night  wrapped  in 
his  blanket,  with  his  gun  by  his  side,  and  sub- 
sisted o:i  what  he  could  carry,  and  the  game  ho 
could  kill.  lie  was  in  several  battles.  The 
Indians  were  armed  with  good  guns,  and  could 
they  have  caught  the  scouts  they  would  have 
been  tortured.  At  last  the  Indians  were  sub- 
dued, ami  they  brought  1,4:00  men,  women  and 
children  to  the  reservation  at  (irande  Ronde. 
After  all  these  exciting  times  were  over,  Mr. 
Dailey  settled  in  Washington  county,  where  he 
remained  nine  years,  then  sold  out,  went  Ivist  to 
his  old  home  in  Illinois  and  visited  his  brothers. 
When  he  returned  to  Ilillsboro  he  engaged  in 
the  livery  business  two  years,  and  then  sold  out 
and  went  into  the  business  of  contracting  and 
building.  lie  has  built  most  of  the  bridges  of 
the  county,  one  of  them  crossing  the  Dairy 
creek,  being  '^,000  feet  in  length.  Mr.  Dailey 
has  purcliased  ])roperty  and  built  himself  a  fine 
1  ^  idence. 

['p  was  married  in  18f50,  to  Miss  Mary  Savage 
of  I  inois.  Her  family  crossed  the  plains  the 
same  year  he  did.  She  is  the  daughter  of 
Krastus  Savage.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dailey  have  had 
five  children,  of  whom  two  are  lining,  namely: 
Edith,  the  wife  of  Mr.  Cyrus  (Tarrison;  and 
Anna,  now  the  wife  of  Sidney  Thurkle,  both 
reside  in  llilii)oro.  The  son,  Jesse  was  acci- 
dently  killed  while  at  work  with  his  father;  the 
two  other  ciiildren  died  in  infancy. 

Mr,  Dailey  and  his  family  are  all  members  of 


the  Christian  Church.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
politics,  and  was  Deputy  Sheriff  for  several 
years  of  the  comity,  and  has  held  the  ofHce  of 
City  Marshal.  He  is  a  reliable  and  worthy 
citizen. 

ILLIAM  GILBERT  BUFFUM,  an  hon- 
ored Oregon  pioneer  of  1845,  and  a  pros- 
perous citizen  of  Amity,  is  a  native  of 
Charlotte,  Crittenden  county,  Vernmnt,  where  he 
was  born  June  25, 1804.  His  fatlier,  Stephen  Buf- 
fum,  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  where  he 
married  Hannah  Weed,  a  native  of  the  s.anie  State. 
They  were  both  of  English  ancestry,  their  pro- 
genitors being  early  settlers  of  New  England. 
They  were  Quakers,  that  noble  sect  which  have 
numbered  so  many  heroes  and  saints,  but  the 
fires  of  patriotism  burned  so  high  in  the  heart 
of  his  father,  that  he  broke  the  rules  of  the 
Quakers  and  joined  the  colonial  army,  and 
bravely  fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He 
and  his  wife  had  twelve  ch.ildren,  all,  excepting 
a  daughter,  who  died  in  her  sixth  yoar,  attain- 
ing maturity,  the  subject  of  o'.ir  sketch  being 
the  tenth  in  order  of  birth. 

In  1815  they  removed  to  Ashtabula  county, 
Ohio,  the!i  a  new  and  sparsely  settled  country, 
where  they  spent  the  following  seventeen  years 
of  their  life.  In  1832  they  removed  to  Illinois, 
where  they  located  on  a  farm  in  Fulton  county, 
where  they  resided  the  remainder  of  their  lives. 
The  mother  died  there  in  1848  and  two  years 
later,  in  1850,  the  father  also  exjjired.  They 
were  both  deserving  people,  leading  strictly 
honorable  lives  and  enjoyed  the  unbounded 
esteem  of  their  fellow-men. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  attended  the  log 
school-house  in  the  woods  of  Ohio,  where  lie 
lived  until  he  attained  his  majority,  when,  in 
1826,  he  went  to  Illinois,  where  he  worked  in 
the  mines,  during  the  winter  of  182t)-'27. 

In  1828  he  married  Miss  Caroline  Thnrman, 
a  native  of  Richland  county,  Ohio,  who  was 
born  March  9,  1814.  She  was  a  daughter  of 
Mr,  Henry  Thnrman,  a  prosperous  Ohio  farmer. 

After  his  marriage  he  worked  in  a  flour  mill 
for  about  eleven  years,  when  his  wife's  health 
failed,  and,  thinking    a  warmer  climate  would 

Srove  beneficial  to   her,  he  moved,  in   1840,  to 
lissouri.     Here   he  entered   a    homestead,  on 
which  he  built  a  little  log  cabin,  in  which  they 


1:  I 


UlSTOHY    OF    OKEQON. 


(i85 


resided  for  five  years,  at  the  <mi(1  of  wiiicii  time 
lie  liad  bieti  so  j^reatly  proijpyred  tliiit  liu  owned 
seventy-five  liead  of  cuttle  and  fourteen  yoke  of 
oxen,  besides  a  very  valuable  farm. 

He  sold  his  farm  at  the  end  of  this  time,  and, 
hirinjr  twoyoiiiijr  men  to  drive  his  stock,  he  start- 
ed, with  two  wagons,  on  the  long  journey  across 
the  plains.  In  the  party  were  Captain  I'almer, 
Mr.  Buffiim  and  wife,  and  a  Mrs.  Thomas. 
Mr.  nuffuin  recall.-;  the  trip  with  [jleasure,  which 
was  unmarred  with  any  accident  or  unpropitious 
event.  The  summer  weather  was  delightful, 
ami  the  party  found  "rougiiing  it"  so  enjoyable, 
that,  when  they  arrived  at  the  foot  of  Mt. 
Hood, they  lashed  their  wagons  together,  and 
hiring  a  cou|)le  of  men  to  stay  and  take  cure  of 
them,  the  rest  of  the  ])arty  packed  through  the 
country,  cutting  their  way  over  the  mountains 
to  Oregon  City. 

Arrived  here,  Mrs.  J^uftum  and  Mrs.  Thomas 
remained  in  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Holmes,  vphile 
Mr.  Muffum  returned  for  their  effects,  when,  in 
the  following  June,  they  brougiit  their  wagons 
in  to  the  city.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  linffum  then  came 
to  Vam  Hill  county,  whore  they  settled  on  land, 
located  three  miles  of  the  present  site  of  Amity, 
on  which  Mr.  Buflum  built  a  log  cabin,  in  which 
they  began  frontier  lite.  In  the  long  journey 
overland  only  one  cow  was  lost,  which  got  away 
with  some  other  cattle.  ( )n  the  way  Mr.  liuff'um 
sold  his  stock  from  to  time  to  emigrants,  as  they 
were  needed,  »sking  for  them  oidy  the  price  at 
which  they  sold  in  Missouri,  so  that  he  brought 
through  with  him  only  half  of  what  he  started 
with. 

He  and  his  wife  remained  nninteruptedly  on 
their  claim  until  1848,  when  the  gi>ld  excitement 
in  California  caused  l[r.  Bnffum  to  go  to  the 
mines  of  that  State, where  he  mined  for  a  couple  of 
months  on  north  fork  of  the  American  river, 
when  he  left  with  the  very  good  sum  of  $3,000. 
His  wife  accompanied  him  everwhere,  sharing 
all  his  dangers  and  vicissitudes.  She  was  with 
him  in  the  mines,  and  returned  with  him  to 
Oregon,  being  sixteen  days  on  the  water  com- 
ing from  San  Francisco  to  their  destination. 

He  then  purchased  a  section  of  land,  situated 
two  miles  east  of  Amity,  which  was  a  fine  stock 
ranch.  They  resided  on  this  place  from  1849 
until  1872,  and  were  successful  in  stock-raising, 
which  proved  very  remunerative. 

In  1872  he  purchased  a  block  in  Amity,  on 
which  he  built  a  large  and  comfortable  home, 
and  sold  his  farm.     Besides  his  city  property, 

48 


he  owns  fifty-seven  acres,  located  fiear  the  town 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'uffum  have  no  children  of 
their  own,  but  have  raised  several  to  respectalile 
manhood  and  womanhood.  One  of  these,  A.  li. 
Frazier,  is  now  an  able  Portland  lawyer;  Cele^tin 
Bulfnm,  a  niece  of  Mr.  Bnffnm's,  whom  they 
took  when  she  was  tix  years  of  age,  is  now  the 
widow  of  Nelson  Walling,  and  resides  near  her 
foster  parents,  in  a  comfortable  home,  sur- 
rounded by  a  couple  acres  of  valuable  land, 
which  her  foster  parents  gavejier;  Ftta  Bones 
they  took  when  she  was  eleven  years  of  age.  anil 
she  is  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  Hugh  Fenton,  resid- 
ing near  Rosei)urg. 

Mr.  Bnffum  ami  his  wife  are  honored  mem- 
bers of  the  I'ioneer  Society,  which  they  accom- 
panied on  their  recent  excursion  to  the  East, 
where  they  renewed  their  ac(iuaintance  with  the 
scenes  of  their  younger  years.  They  have  been 
married  sixty-four  years,  she  is  seventy  eight 
and  he  is  eighty-eight,  and  hand  in  hand  are 
peacefully  wending  their  way  through  life  to- 
gether, followed  by  the  best  wishes  of  their 
hosts  of  admiring  friends  and  acquaintances. 

. '^■^^■^ ■      ■ 

ILLIAiM  N.  LADUE,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent business  men  of  Salem,  is  a  native 
of  Troy,  New  York,  where  he  was  born 
May  4,  1838.  The  paternal  ancestor  of  the 
family  was  Peter  Ladue,  one  of  the  Ilugenots, 
who  came  to  the  Now  World  in  search  of  that 
liberty  of  conscience,  which  was  denied  him 
in  France.  His  name  is  enrolled  among  the 
early  founders  of  the  State  of  New  York  as  a 
man  of  character  and  influenoe.  Mr.  f^adue's 
father,  Andrew  Ladue,  was  born  in  New  York, 
and  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Peter  l.adue. 
His  father  married  Louisa  Angel,  a  native  of 
New  York  city,  and  of  English  extraction.  Her 
father  married  Louisa  Potts,  who  was  a  daugh- 
ter (jf  the  Lord-Mayor  of  London.  Mr.  Ladue 
was  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  eight  children, 
of  whom  only  three  now  survive.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Burr  Seminary,  Manchester,  Vermont, 
and  graduated  from  the  Michigan  State  Univer- 
sity, in  1S60,  and  was  engaged  in  the  study  of 
law  when  the  war  l)roke  out.  He  tnlisted  in 
the  Fifth  Michigan  Volunteer  Infmtry  at  its 
formation,  of  which  he  was  made  Seconif  Lieu- 
tenant. He  was  soon  after  promoted  to  First 
Lieutenant  and  appointed  Adjutant  of  his  regi- 


11' 


086 


niSTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


meiit.  Uuder  I'hilip  Ki'iirny  he  served  in  Ileitit- 
zelinan's  Third  Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac,   mid     piirticipated    in    tlie    Peiiinsidar 
campaign,     lie    foiiglit   in    the    battles  of    ISij^ 
Bethel,   siei^e  of  Vorktown,  battle  of  AVilliams- 
burg.  Fair  Oaks  and  various  battles  of  the  seven 
days"  retreat  of   McClellaii    from    before  Rich- 
mond to  ilaines  River,  during  all  of  which  time 
lie  served   on   the  staff  of  General  Hiram  (i. 
Berry.     After  tiie  second   battle  of   Bull  Run, 
ifr.  l^adue  resigned  his  coinmissioii  on  account 
of  |)hysicul  disability,  and  returned   to  Detroit, 
Michiiraii,  wiiere,  soon   after  liis  return,  lie  re- 
ceived   the    appointment    of   Assistant  Comp- 
troller of  tiiat  city,  which  position  he  held  un- 
til he    resigned    it    to    engage   in    business   in 
Adrian  in  the  manufacture  of  leather,  with  Henry 
15.  8tone,  a  banker.     After   two  years'  of  suc- 
cessful business  at  Adrian  the  manufactory  was 
destroyed  by  tire.     He  then  went  east  to  Read- 
iiig,   Pennsylvania,   to  become  a  member  of  a 
Tubular  Iron  Bridge  Company,  but  not  finding 
it  satisfactory,  he  returned  to  Detroit,  Michigan, 
again  receiving  the  appointment  of  Assistant 
Comptroller  of  the    city,    which    position    lie 
filled  nearly  all  the    time    that    he  resided  in 
Detroit,  with    the    exception    of    about    tiiree 
years,  during    which    time    he    was    assistant 
secretary  of  the  Detroit  Gas  Liglit  Company, 
which  position  he  resigned  to   again  accept  the 
Assistant    Comptrollership.     During  his  resi- 
dence in  Detroit  he  was  twice  elected  inspector 
of  city  schools,  and  while  in  that  capacity  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  teachers,  and  re- 
ceived   the    appointment    of  secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  which  appointment  he  de- 
clined.    In   1883   he  resigned   his    position  as 
Assistant  Comptroller  of   the  city  to  come  to 
Oregon,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  William  Stuart, 
of  Ksk  Mills,   ^Musselburgh,  Scotland,  to  assist 
in  a  large  business  enterprise  at  Salem.     It  was 
the  intention  to  build  large  flouring,  lumber  and 
woolen  mills;  they  also  jiroposed   to  start  the 
First  National  Bank    of  Salem,  the  Second  Na- 
tiunal  Bank  of  Portland  and  a  banking  ho'iso 
at  San  FVancisco.     They  embarked  in  the  '  usi- 
iiess  and  expended  at   Salem   between  two  and 
hundred  thousand  dollars.    They  built  the  large 
Scotch    flouring  mill,   purcliased   the  property 
and  built  the  First  National   Bank  Block,  laid 
the  first  cement  sidewalk  in  the  city,  and   were 
the  means  of  starting   building  improvements 
in  that  part  of  the   town.     The  dcatli  of  Mr. 
Stuart  occurred,  and   that    prevented  the  full 


carrying  out  of  tiieir  plans.  Tlie  Stuart  inter- 
ests were  sold  by  the  heirs,  Mr.  Ladue  retaining 
the  First  National  Bank  and  continuing  the 
banking  business  and  was  its  president  until  he 
sold  Iris  stock  in  S(!ptcmbcr,  1891. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  in  18G7,  to  Miss 
Mary  Stuart  Baker,  a  native  of  New  Orleans, 
and  the  daughter  of  Hon.  William  (.',  Baker,  of 
Morristown,  New  Jersey,  and  granddaughter  of 
Mr.  Robert  Stuart,  who  was  a  partner  of  John 
Jacob  Astor  in  the  Astoria  expedition  of  1813- 
14-.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ladue  liave  h  J  seven  chil- 
dren, four  of  whom  are  living.  The  eldest  son, 
William  B.,  is  a  cadet  at  West  Point,  where  he 
stands  among  the  highest  of  his  class.  The 
other  children  are  at  lionie  with  their  parents, 
their  names  are,  Kate  Stuart,  George  l-ranklin 
and  liol)ert  Stuart. 

Mr.  Ladue  is  an  active  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity,  G.  A.  R.,  and  the  Loyal  Le- 
gion, in  all  of  which  he  holds  offices  of  rank 
and  prominence.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
staff  of  General  Alger,  while  he  was  Comman- 
der-in-chief of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  'Re- 
public, and  also  of  the  staff  of  Commander- 
in-chief  Palmer.  Mr.  Ladue  takes  an  interest 
in  army  affairs,  and  is  a  Quartermaster  of  the 
Second  Regiment  National  Guards  of  Oregon. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Emigration,  and  director  of  the  Albany  Col- 
legiate Institute  and  of  the  San  Francisco 
Theological  Seminary,  which  latter  position  he 
now  holds. 

He  is,  politically,  a  Democrat,  with  which 
party  he  has  affiliated   since   becoming  a  voter. 

He  owns  a  ranch  of  075  acres,  and  purchased 
the  handsome  residence,  on  the  corner  of  Capitol 
and  Chemeketa  streets,  in  which  he  now  re- 
sides, of  the  e.x -Secretary  of  State. 

Mr.  Ladue  is  thoroughly  Informed  on  gen- 
eral topics  and  is  a  gentleman  of  honor  and 
high  business  integrity. 


-"•*^+' 


[IIOMAS  EDGAR  CONNER,  an  Oregon 
native  son  and  a  reputable  farmer  of  Yam 
Hill  county,  was  born  in  Polk  county, 
this  State,  August  19,  1858.  His  father,  Job 
Conner,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1847, 
when  a  young  man  and  unmarried,  and  settled 
on  a  donation  claim  iu  Polk  county,  where  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  and  where  hia 


mSTOHY    Oh'    OHKdOy. 


(iS7 


father  resided  during  the  roiiiainder  of  his  life. 
Soon  after  obtaining  his  land  he  wan  timrried  to 
I\[is8  Polly  Ann  liiggs.  also  an  Oregon  pioneer. 
'Jhoy  iiad  seven  children,  all  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing and  settled  in  Polk  and  Yam  Hill  comities. 
Their  names  arc:  itohcrt  Scott,  Thomas  Edgar; 
Cordelia  .lane,  who  is  now  Mrs.  Albert  Baxter; 
l^eander  lioswell;  Louisa,  who  is  now  Mrs. 
Elijah  T.  Morrison;  and  Nancy  Ann.  A[r. 
Conner  died  in  his  fifty-ninth  year;  his  first 
wife  had  died  sixteen  years  ])reviously,  and 
he  afterward  married  Mrs.  Martha  James. 
They  had  five  ohildren,  whose  names  are:  Sarah, 
Lawman,  Elbert,  lielle  and  Ella,  all  of  whom 
are  still  with  their  mother  on  the  old  home- 
stead. 

Their  son,  Mr.  Thomas  E.  Conner,  who  is  the 
subject  ot  this  sketch,  was  brought  up  on  the 
farm,  on  which  he  was  born  in  Polk  ciniiity. 
When  of  am  his  father  irave  him  100  acres  of 
land,  where  he  now  resides,  three  and  a  half 
miles  south  of  McMinnville;  he  moved  upon 
the  property  in  1870. 

Ill  1883  he  married  Miss  Frances  Puttuau, 
the  daughter  of  Daniel  H.  Putmaii,  an  honored 
Oregon  pioneer.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conner  have 
one  daughter,  named  l''efa. 

Mr.  Conner  is  a  successful  farmer,  now  hav- 
ing 121  acres  of  fine  land,  on  which  lie  is  rais- 
ing grain  and  some  live  stock.  lie  has  a  fine 
residence. 

Mrs.  Conner  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Mr.  Conner  in  his  political  views  is 
a  Republican.  They  are  both  the  children  of 
worthy  ])ioneer8  of  the  enterprising  State  of 
Oregon,  were  both  born  in  Oregon,  and  are 
justly  proud  of  their  State. 


-^■^■•5^— 


1 0  N.  LEE  LA  IT  G  II  L  I  N,  who  has 
been  identified  sith  the  interests  of  Ore- 
cjon  since  1847,  and  who  is  ranked  with 
the  most  prominent  citizens  of  i  am  Hill  county, 
dates  his  birth  in  Lincoln  county,  Missouri, 
January  17,  1838.  (For  a  history  of  his  father, 
Samuel  Langhlin,  see  the  biography  of  Hon.  li. 
It.  Langhlin  in  this  work.) 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  fourteen  years 
of  age  when,  in  1847,  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon  with  his  father  and  family.  Ilis  edu- 
cation was  partially  received  at  Porost  Grove. 
Ill    1848,  when    gold  was  discovered   in    Cali- 


fornia, Mr.  Langhlin  was  only  a  more  lad,  but 
in  Sejitember  of  tlui  following  year  he  went 
overland  to  the  goid  fields  of  that  State  and 
mined  on  Trinity  river  in  Trinity  county,  mak- 
ing from  840  to  $150  per  day.  In  January, 
1850,  he  returned  to  t)iegon,  bringing  his  gold 
with  him.  In  1851  he  again  sought  the  gold 
rejiions  of  Califotnia.  This  time  he  went  to 
Vreka,  spent  most  of  his"  time  in  prosjiecting, 
and  after  two  months  came  back  to  Oregon. 
As  soon  as  he  was  old  enough  he  took  claim  to 
a  quarter  section  of  land  in  North  Yam  Hill, 
and  on  this  was  engaged  in  farming  for  six 
years.  This  property  was  exchanged  for  a  farm 
three  miles  south  of  the  village.  Two  years  he 
kept  a  hotel  in  Idaho.  In  1855,  when  the  In- 
dian war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  as  a  volunteer 
under  Captain  A.  J.  llenibrce,  and  was  on  a 
reeonnoitering  expedition  with  the  Caj)tain 
when  the  latter  was  shot.  They  carried  his 
remains  to  the  Dalles,  and  sent  them  down  the 
river  to  his  home. 

After  his  return  from  Idaho,  where,  as  al- 
ready stated,  he  had  been  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business,  Mr.  Langhlin  purchased  an  interest 
in  a  general  merchiiidise  business  at  Xortli 
Yam  Ilill,  being  in  partnership  with  Mr.  F. 
Ilanswirth.  lie  was  successfully  engaged  in 
business  here  for  twenty  years,  having  a  fair 
share  of  the  trade  in  the  town  and  surroiiiidiiig 
country.  In  1887  he  sold  out  and  retired.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  McMinnville 
National  Bank,  is  one  of  its  stockholders  and 
its  vice-president.  In  1879  he  built  one  of  the 
finest  residences  in  the  county,  in  which  he  is 
now  living  a  retired  life. 

To  Mr.  McLaughlin  belongs  the  distinction 
of  having  helped  to  organize  the  llepublican 
party  in  Oregon,  and  with  that  party  he  has 
since  affiliated.  In  1800  he  was  elected  County 
Assessor.  In  1870  he  was  chosen  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  to  represent  them  in  the  State  Legis- 
'lature,  he  being  elected  by  sixteen  majority,  the 
other  Representative  by  fourteen,  and  the  Sen- 
ator by  ten.  Their  seats,  however,  were  con- 
tested, and  the  Democrats  being  in  majority, 
they  were  voted  out,  the  Democrats  taking  their 
places.  In  1874  he  was  again  elected,  and  this 
time  by  so  large  a  majority  that  there  was  no 
contest.  He  sej-ved  his  term  creditably,  and  in 
1880  was  re-elected.  He  aided  in  securing  the 
passage  of  the  bill  providing  for  the  erection 
of  the  State  Insane  Asylum. 

He  })i>8  also  served  fts  Clerk  or  as  one  of  tlie 


ii'i 


m 


HlbTOKY    OF    (iHKdON. 


Board  of  DirectoM  of  tlio  school  district  in 
wliicli  he  rosidus  HiiiiuHt  poiitiiuioiisly  for  a 
iminberof  yoars.  lie  in  now  n  ineiiiber  of  tliu 
HoHrdof  C\innciiii)eri  of  tin;  town  of  Nortii  Vftin 
Hill,  lie  liitrt  also  iiuld  other  resjwnsihle  otH- 
cial  |K>»iti()i)s. 

<)ctolK'r8.  iSi)r>,  Mr.  Laughliii  iiitirrieJ  Miss 
Kinniu  Stewart,  u  native  ot  Putnam  county, 
Ohio,  and  a  danghtei*  of  Hcnjainin  K.  Stewart, 
an  lionored  ()rejj;on  pioneer  of  1847.  and  the 
owner  of  a  donation  elaini  in  North  Yam  Hill. 
While  they  have  no  children  of  their  own,  they 
have  reared  three  of  their  relatives,  and  now 
have  under  their  care  two  other  (!hildren.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Ijiughliii  are  cidtured  and  refined 
H'ople,  am!  are  held  in  the  liicrhest  esteem.  In 
lis  religions  views  Mr.  Langliliii  is  a  free- 
thinker. 


Il.I.IAM  HARJ.OW.  one  of  the  early 
iiioneers  of  Oregon,  and  the  founder  of 
the  town  (d'  Harlow,  in  Clackamas 
county,  dates  his  birth  in  Marion  county,  Indi- 
ana, October  2(5,  1822.  His  ancestors  came 
from  Scotland  to  America  previous  to  the 
Ktvoluiion.  and  settled  in  Virtjinia,  and  his 
grandfather,  William  J'arlow,  was  a  co-])ioneer 
with  ])aniel  ISooiie  in  the  first  settlenient  of 
the  State  of  Ki-iituiky.  His  grandmother  was 
before  her  marriage  Miss  Kimbro,  a  lady  of 
Welsh  ancestry.  One  of  their  seven  sons,  Sam- 
uel Kimbro  Barlow,  was  our  subject's  father. 
He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  171*4.  In  1818 
he  moved  to  Indiana,  where  he  was  subsequently 
married  to  Susanah  Lee,  who  was  born  in  South 
Carolina,  iti  17U;J.  In  1845,  with  his  wife  and 
five  children,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Orefron. 
They  had  gone  to  Illinois  in  183t),  and  it  was 
from  Fidton  county,  that  State,  that  they  started 
on  their  long  overland  jonrney.  Tliiy  arrived 
at  the  rendezvous  at  Independence,  Missouri. 
March  30,  1845.  It  is  supposed  that  5,000 
men,  women  and  children  started  west  from 
that  ])oint,  some  for  Califorida,  and  others  for 
Oreijon.  Mr.  I'arlow  had  been  a  frontiersman, 
and  he  never  lacked  for  courage.  When  they 
arrived  at  the  Dalles,  wdiere  all  thought  it  was 
the  end  of  team  and  wagon  travel,  he  got  on 
one  of  his  wagons  and  said,  "  I  have  started  for 
Oregon,  and  I  am  going  on.  Let  all  follow 
who  want  to.''     lie  had  six  wagons  and    nine 


others  fell  in  with  him,  and  they  all  eanio 
through  together.  When  they  were  within 
three  miles  of  the  top  of  the  Cascades  the  sniw 
came  on.  They  were  obliged  to  make  a  cache 
for  their  wagons  and  goods,  and  the  women  and 
children  thev  packed  through  on  poines,  finally 
reaching  their  destination,  Oregon  Citv,  in 
safety,  on  (Jhristnnis  eve.  Here  Mr.  Harlow 
i)nrehased  property,  and  until  184H  rati  a  hotel. 
That  year  he  bought  the  right  to  a  donation 
claim  of  (i4()  acres  of  land,  where  his  eon,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  now  resides,  he  having 
purchased  it  some  years  lat(M- for  ^(>,0()0.  After 
selling  this  j>r()|)erty,  Mr.  Harlow  moved  to 
Canemah,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  18()8.  His  wife  died  in  1«52.  Mr. 
i'arlow  was  a  Uepnblican  in  |)olitics,  and  while 
he  never  sought  ollice  he  took  a  deep  interest  in 
public  aifairs,  and  did  his  part  in  hel})ing  to 
foutid  the  great  State  of  Oregon. 

When  William  Barlow  arrived  in  Oregon 
with  his  father  in  1845  he  was  a  young  man  (d' 
twenty-three  years,  fidl  of  life  and  enterprise. 
He  engaged  in  land  operations,  became  the 
owner  of  several  farms,  iiiid  was  the  founder  of 
the  town  of  Canemah,  i)eing  in  partnership  with 
Mr.  Hedges,  his  brother-in-law.  In  1852  he 
marrietl  ifrs.  Jfaitlia  Ann  Allen,  widow  of  Dr. 
Allen,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1850,  dying  at 
Canemah  soon  after  his  arrival  here.  After  their 
marriage  they  removed  to  the  fine  tract  of  land 
he  had  purchased  of  his  father  and  established 
their  home  in  the  house  his  father  had  built. 
In  1801  he  went  to  Oregon  (Jity,  and  forseveral 
years  was  successfully  engaged  in  merchandis- 
ing there.  In  1870  he  again  returned  to  the 
farm,  and  here  he  has  since  lived.  He  is  a 
man  of  large  business  experience.  In  a  single 
year  he  did  830.000  worth  of  contracting  with 
the  railroad  comjiany,  and  altogether  his  rail- 
road contracts  amounted  to  §100,000.  He  made 
large  investments  in  real  estate,  owning  at  one 
time  1.400  acres  of  land.  In  1891,  with  his 
son,  he  platted  the  town  of  Barlow,  on  the  land 
above  referred  to,  which  he  bought  of  his  father. 
This  town  is  beautifully  situated,  and  during 
its  brief  existence  has  made  a  most  substantial 
growth.  His  own  residence  is  one  of  the  finest 
and  most  attractive  places  in  the  town,  and  he 
also  lias  numerous  other  buildings  here,  both 
dwellings  and  business  houses. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  ikriow  ha/e  had  three  children, 
as  follows:  Mary  S.,  a  successful  teacher  in  one 
of  the  higher  departments  of  a  prominent  school 


niBTonr  of  OREony. 


(«» 


in  Portland;   Virginia,  wli.i  died  at  tlut  age  of 
elovon  years;  anil  Cassiiis  IT.,  who  is  a   partner 
witii  Ills  father  in  their  lai'ge   real-oittato  operii 
tioiiB. 

Mr.  Barlow  liiiH  been  a  stanch  llepiihlican  all 
his  life.  Sociiillv,  he  has  lonj^  hetni  an  honored 
ineinher  of  Iho  Masonic,  fraternity. 

fAMES  IIKLMICK,  a  native  son  of  Oregon 
and  a  prominent  fanner  and  hnsineas  man 
of  Polk  county,  wan  horn  in  Polk  county, 
Kebruary  31,  1851.  He  is  of  Gerinun  ancestry, 
who  oaino  to  America  in  183"  and  settled  in 
l'eiinsylv:iMia;  hin  father,  He:  >  Ileiinick,  wa^ 
horn  in  (.iermany,  Sopteniher  14,  1822.  i  he 
family  removed  to  Iowa,  in  1840,  and  there 
Henry  was  n  ured,  and  in  1845  married  to  Mien 
Stee|)row,  a  native  of  lowa,  born  July  4,  1825. 
Soon  after  tlicir  marriage  they  cros.sed  the 
plains  to  Oregon  with  .jxon.  They  Htarted 
April  15.  1845,  ami  arrived  the  last  of  October. 
At  the  Dalles  they  had  ilio  misfurtune  tu  lose 
the  wagon  and  all  theoutlit.  They, themselves, 
had  just  left  the  raft  and  before  it  could  be  se- 
cured till'  current  swept  the  raft  and  all  its  con- 
tents over  the  falls  and  they  were  left  with 
nothing  but  the  clothing  on  their  backsl  They 
made  their  way  to  I'ortland  and  here  Mr.  Hel- 
mick  secured  a  job  of  building  a  barn,  the  pay 
for  which  enabled  them  to  subsist  for  some 
time.  That  fall  and  winter  they  lived  on  the 
Tualatin  plains  and  in  the  winter  of  1845  and 
in  1840  they  came  to  Salem,  where  Mr.  IIol 
mick  assisted  in  the  first  gristmill  in  that  city. 
The  following  fall  he  came  to  the  Lnckamnto 
and  took  a  donation  claim  of  640  acres,  four 
miles  south  of  the  present  site  of  Monmouth. 
Here  they  started  in  a  little  log  cabin  of  his 
own  building,  and  here  they  lived  for  nine 
years  and  erected  a  frame  dwelling  and  raised 
their  family.  They  prospered  and  Mr.  Llelniick 
was  the  owner  of  1,300  acres  of  fine  land  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1877. 
Both  he  and  his  wife  were  inemlKirs  of  the 
Cumberland  I'resbyterian  Church  and  were 
honest,  industrious.  Christian  people.  The  wife 
survives  him,  aged  sixty-seven.  They  had  five 
children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  and  the 
three  living  are:  James,  Lewis  am!  their  sister, 
Mary  C,  now  Mrs.  James  Tedrow,  who  resides 
in  Lane  county. 


James  was  the  second  child  and  was  re.ired 
on  liis  father's  farm,  attended  the  district  school 
until  old  enough  to  be  sent  to  the  college  at 
Monii'  nth.  On  his  return  he  farmed  iiis  fa- 
ther's farm  on  shares  for  a  number  of  veai's  and 
then  purchased  2'J5  iii'  -  of  land,  altlioiigh  he 
continued  with  his  fatlicr  until  his  death,  when 
he  inherited  140  acres  of  the  donation  claim. 
On  thi.'se  lands  ho  now  resides  and  has  met  with 
prosperity  in  return  for  his  persistent,  intelli- 
gent effort. 

In  1880  he  and  his  brother,  Lewis,  built  the 
Parker  warehouse  and  have  since,  in  addition 
to  their  farming,  handled  large  iiiianflties  of 
grain  raised  in  this  [>  irt  of  the  country,  ship- 
ping from  40,000  to  50,000  bushels  annually. 
They  are  upriL^ht,  straightforward  men  and  be- 
cause of  this  they  enjoy  the  coiiHdence  and  re- 
spect of  all  who  know  them.  Mr.  lleliiiick 
raised  9,000  bushels  of  wheat  and  oats  on  ;J50 
acres  of  land.  His  success  is  evidence  of  what 
the  rich  soil  of  Oregon  will  do  for  tlie  man  wlio 
diligently  and  intelligently  gives  it  the  oppor- 
tunity. 

Our  subject  was  married  January  1,  18s0, 
to  Amanda  Mays,  a  native  of  Olympia,  born 
April  25,  IStW.  Her  father,  Stephen  Mays, 
was  a  pioneer  of  this  coast.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Helmick  have  five  children,  iinuely:  Francis  E., 
SnrahJ.,  Nellie  M.,   Mary    li.  and  William    H. 

Mr.  Helmick  has  been  a  llepublicati  since 
coming  to  maturity.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W. 


A.    LEE,    of  Canby,    Clackamas 
is  an    Oregon    pioneer   of  1847. 


tEMAN 
county 
He  was  born  in  Jeflferson  county.  New 
York,  March  29,  1833.  His  ancestors  came 
from  England  to  America,  settled  in  New  Encr. 
land,  and  from  there  spread  out  over  the  United 
States.  It  is  believed  that  the  Lees  of  the  South 
sprang  from  the  same  English  family.  In  the 
early  history  of  the  country  they  were  people 
of  prominence  and  influence. 

Mr  Lee's  father.  Philander  Lee,  was  born  in 
New  York,  February  22,  1802,  and  tliere,  Oc- 
tober  20, 1827,  married  .Miss  Anna  Green,  also 
a  native  of  the  Empire  State,  the  date  of  her 
birth  being  December  17,  1807.  They  had 
seven  children  born  in  New  York.  In  1840 
they  removed  to  Iowa,  where  Mr.  Lee  rented  a 


uuu 


niSTOHY   OF  niinnoff. 


iM\ 


larin  of  liiB  lirotliur.  Tliero  lio  und  hU  lirotli- 
(M's  Hllil  sisters  iiiul  llifii'  families  t'onned  iifciii- 
piiny  to  cniss  the  piiiiiis  to  Orei^oii.  OtlKM's 
joined  tlieii'  ('iiiii|)uiiy  tiiid  when  tliey  were  reiidy 
to  btiirt  their  triiin  numbered  a  hundred  waj.'onB. 
Wiley  ('liRpmun  wan  idioHeii  captain  of  tho 
company.  Aw  the  journey  pro{;res8ed,  they 
found  it  more  convenient  to  divide  u]>  into 
siiialler  parties,  the  I^'e  company  tiuully  heinj^ 
reiluced  to  tifteen  wai,'on8.  I'liey  made  a  safe 
journey,  coverinjf  a  period  of  8(!veii  months, 
hut  met  with  some  sad  accidents.  One  of  Mrs. 
Lee's  brotiiers,  Ilarvcy  (irteu,  while  fjettinu;  the 
oxen  across  Smike  river,  was  drowne(l.  Their 
ilauf^hter  IClvira  I.ee,  now  Mrs.  Saltmarsh,  whs 
run  over  hy  oiu'  of  the  wayous,  and  had  one  of 
her  limlis  broken.  It  was  set  and  she  was  put  in  a 
criidle  and  swuii<j;  tip  to  the  bows  of  the  waoor), 
and  in  this  way  she  rode  for  nine  weeks.  Mea 
Bles  also  l)roke  out  in  their  company.  From 
tiie  Dalles  they  came  down  the  rivcir  iti  canoe.s 
to  the  Oascades,  where  they  made  portage,  and 
from  where  they  continued  their  jouriu^y  on 
Hat-boats  to  Linntou.  At  Linntou  they  stoppt>d 
durinir  the  winter,  and  the  following  summer 
Were  engas;ed  in  raisiiii;  vegetables  on  Sauvier's 
island.  In  this  enterprise  they  were  success- 
ful, and  found  a  ready  market  in  I'ortland,  for 
tlieir  product,  and  made  soine  money.  They 
made  their  first  permanent  settlement  in  Clack- 
amas County,  near  where  they  now  reside,  in 
Canby.  lI])oii  the  discovery  of  ffold  in  (Cali- 
fornia, the  father  ami  eldest  son,  Kdwin  T., 
went  to  the  gold  dii.rginj58  and  mined  on  the 
North  fork<d'  the  American  river,  where  they 
remained  a  year,  nieetiiif^  with  success.  They 
then  returned  to  their  donation  claim,  639 acres 
of  land,  it  being  ])art  of  tho  presenl  town  site 
of  (.-'anby.  ( >n  this  jiroperty  the  father  resided 
until  1S87.  wheii  his  death  occurred.  His  life 
was  characterized  iiy  honest   industry. 

Ileniau  A.  I.ee  was  in  lii.s  lifteenth  year  when 
he  ai-rived  in  ( )regon.  lie  remained  with  his 
father  until  his  twentieth  year,  when  he  started 
out  for  himself:  and  after  working  for  waives 
for  a  time,  took  a  donatio!)  (d'  lliO  acres  in  Fdnn 
county,  on  which  he  kept  ••  bach"  for  live  years. 
Then  he  sold  out  and  returned  to  Clackamas 
county.  Here  he  tocdc  a  homestead,  and  his 
father  deeded  him  fifty-two  and  three-fourths 
acres  of  the  old  donation  claim.  April  9,  18(59, 
he  married  Miss  Eda  K.  Tice,  a  mitive  of  the 
State  of  Iowa,  born  July  10,  1851,  a  ilaughter 
of  James  Tice.      Mr.  Tice  and  his  family  came 


to  Oregon  in  18(13,  and  soon  after  their  arrival 
here  he  died,  leaving  his  widow  and  two  daugh- 
tcis  (of  wdujm  Mrs.  I,ee  was  the  oldest)  and 
three  sons,  to  do  for  themselves.  After  their 
marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lee  settled  on  the  home- 
stead, and  lived  there  twenty  years,  during 
which  time  he  developed  it  into  a  tine  property. 
He  iu)w  owns  200  acres  at  (Janby,  eighty  of  it 
being  a  part  of  his  father's  clonatfon  claim.  To 
him  and  his  wife  have  i)cen  born  eight  childri'ii, 
ns  follows:  Clara  ('.,  now  Mrs.  Klijah  Hutchin- 
son; I>arinila  !,..  wife  of  Henry  (iilnuire;  Milo 
IL,  Adda  K.,  Alvira  A.,  Warren  1'.,  KIsi  M., 
and  Ora  M. 

Mr.  Lee  has  been  a  Republican  all  his  life, 
having  cast  his  first  vote  for  President  Lincoln. 
He  has  been  elected  to  the  utHcc  of  Justice  of 
tho  IVace,  ami  as  such  has  serveil  most  ac- 
ceptal)ly.  Mr.  Lee's  veiu'ral)le  nH)ther  is  still 
living,  and  is  reimirkably  well  preserved  for  a 
woman  of  her  years  and  ex|ierience.  She  is  a 
most  interesting  converser;  has  a  vivid  recol- 
lection of  her  jouriu'y  across  the  plains,  an<l 
their  meeting  with  Dr.  Whitman.  She  is  a 
woman  greatly  loved  by  all  who  know  her. 

fOlIN  W0LVP:IIT0N,  of  Monmouth,  Polk 
county,  is  an  Oregon  piom^er  of  1853.  lie 
was  born  in  Ohio,  December  4,  IH'22.  His 
parents,  John  and  Mary  (Ilogland)  Wolverton, 
were  both  natives  of  New  Jersey,  his  father 
having  been  born  January  2-1,  1771,  and  his 
mother  April  24,  179(..  yVfter  tli'dr  marriage 
they  wont  to  Ohio  and  settled  on  a  farm  in 
Hamilton  county,  where  they  were  early  settlers 
of  the  State  and  where  they  reared  their  family 
and  resided  until  their  death,  which  occurred 
in  July  18,  1851,  and  February  U,  1834,  re- 
spectively. They  had  thirteen  children,  of  whom 
they  roared  eleven,  and  six  are  .still  living. 

John  was  their  eighth  child  and  ho  was 
reared  in  Ohio  until  his  seventeenth  year,  when 
he  removed  to  Illinois,  and  after  six  months' 
residence  there  removed  to  Iowa  and  resided 
tliert^  foi  fourteen  years,  lie  had  been  reared 
on  a  farm  with  very  limitcil  opportunities  for 
obtaining  an  odiicatiou  and  it  is  his  own  intel- 
lect an<i  induitrv  that  have  made  iiiin  what  he 
now  is.  In  September,  1853,  he  arrived  in 
Oregon,  after  a  trip  across  the  plains.  The 
starting  jioint  with  him  was   nurliugtou,   Iowa, 


insToiiV  Oh'  o/tmwx. 


dfti 


cl:itc,  April,  1H5JJ.  iiml  the  trip  was  a  bufc  atitl 
pleaBant  one.  At'tisr  liis  arrival  in  Orogon  liu 
came  direct  to  I'oiii  county,  pnrcliascd  a  rij^lit 
to  a  donation  claim  on  the  l.iickamntt',  tlin'o 
miles  wcHt  of  .^auvicr.  There  were  only  two 
lionrtes  in  sijriit  in  that  beautiful  valley  when 
our  mihjeet  licfjan  the  life  of  anO-eiron  pioneor, 
in  a  very  Binall  and  primitive  way,  out  tin*  rich 
land  responded  to  his  laliorn  with  large  returns 
and  he  prospered  riipidly.  He  was  in  the  hahit 
of  takiiif^  his  jfrain  to  Aliiany  to  lie  ground. 
One  time  he  took  a  jurist  each  for  two  neii^h- 
l)or8  and  one  for  himself.  The  miller  ground 
his  last  and  gave  him  ninety-six  pounds  less 
than  he  should  have,  but  after  some  threats  lie 
managed  to  obtain  his  just  due.  lie  remained 
on  his  farn\,  constantly  adding  to  it,  until  1880, 
when  he  retired  from  this  valuable  farm  of  79(1 
acres  ;»iid  puicbased  property  in  Monmouth. 
On  this  he  built  a  nice  residence,  which  has  be- 
come one  of  tlie  most  desirable  homes  in  the 
city.  It  is  near  the  Christian  College  and 
fronts  the  east,  lie  came  to  Monmouth  to  rest 
and  give  his  children  the  benefit  of  the  college. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  Iowa,  to  Mary  J. 
Is'ealy,  a  native  of  New  York.  The  ceremony 
occurred  November  ii5,  1847.  His  bride  was 
born  May  1,  1825,  and  was  the  daughter  of 
Samuel  S.  Nealy,  native  of  New  York.  He  and 
his  wife  have  had  seven  children,  as  follows: 
A.  P.,  in  the  hardware  business  at  Spokane; 
Josie,  wife  of  Dr.  J.  C.  Hyrd,  resides  in  Spokane; 
William  M.,  who  is  in  a  large  and  successful 
real-estate  business  with  his  brother.  A.  1'., 
they  have  platted  a  part  of  the  town  of  Spo- 
kane and  are  very  proniinent  in  its  upbuilding; 
C.  K.,  a  graduate  of  the  law  school  at  Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky,  in  1873,  is  a  lawyer  in  Albany; 
Bruce,  the  little  one,  who  was  born  on  the 
plains  and  was  only  seven  weeks  old  when  he 
entered  Oregon,  has  developed  into  a  Cliristian 
minister;  Otis  A.  resides  on  the  donation  claim; 
and  (irant  S.  also  resides  in  Spokane,  engaged 
in  the  hardware  business.  Five  of  these  cliil- 
dren  are  graduates  of  the  Christian  College, 
now  the  State  Normal  School, 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wolverton  are  worthy  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church.  In  politics  our 
subject  was  a  Democrat  until  the  late  war,  when 
he  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Union  and  has 
since  supported  the  principles  of  the  Republi- 
can party.  He  has  not,  however,  been  a  politi- 
cian, nor  has  he  desired  office,  content  to  be 
allowed    to    manage   his    own    private    afTair.t. 


Since  coming  to  Motitnouth  to  reside  he  has 
not  been  able  altogether  to  t-scape  fullilling  his 
duty  with  regard  to  otlicelMildiiig,  as  he  has 
frc(jucntly  been  obliged  to  t-crvc  on  the  (!ity 
Council  ami  has  acte(l  as  trustee  of  the  Chris- 
tian C(dlege  for  a  niuiiber  of  years.  He  also 
was  its  treasurer  for  eight  years  and  has  de- 
voted time  and  money  to  the  upbuildingof  this 
tine  institution.  Mr.  Wolverton  has  led  an  in- 
dustrious, upright  life,  has  made  a  fine  record 
and  is  one  of  (Jregon's  most   worthy  pioneers. 


-ctM 


•^- 


fL  I  J  A  II  COR  H  E  T  T,  one  of  Portland's 
worthy  citizens,  is  of  New  England  birth 
and  ancestry.  He  was  born  in  West- 
borough,  Massachusetts,  December  It),  1821. 
His  father,  Elijah  Corbett,  was  a  native  of  the 
same  State.  Ho  married  Miss  Malinda  Furbish. 
They  had  eight  children,  of  whom  two  are  now 
living,  namely:  Elijah  Corbett  the  subject  of 
this  sketch;  and  ex-Senator  II.  W.  Corbett,  of 
Portland.  (See  this  book.)  The  father  of  our 
subject  was  an  edge-tool  manufacturer,  and 
made  many  axes  by  hand.  At  this  business 
our  subject  helped,  and  later  his  father  gave  uji 
the  business  and  kept  a  country  village  hotel 
and  had  a  farm  in  connection  with  it  at  Little 
White  creek,  Washington  county.  New  York. 
From  there  they  moved  to  Jackson,  in  the  same 
county,  iind  continued  in  the  same  business, 
keeping  a  hotel  and  raising  their  own  hay,  oats, 
wheat  and  vegetables. 

When  our  subject  began  business  on  his  own 
account,  he  engaged  in  peddling  with  a  wagon, 
the  then  celebrated  Fox  crackers,  in  which  lie 
continued  eight  years.  After  that  he  waf.  en- 
gaged in  the  omnibus  business  in  Troy,  Now 
York,  running  betsveen  Lansingburg  and  Vroy, 
a  half-hour'fl  line.  There  were  no  street  rail- 
ways in  those  days.  Ho  continued  at  this  t.velvo 
years.  Then,  in  1864,  he  came  to  Ore.i,';jn  and 
became  part  owner  and  manager  9'  the  stage 
line  between  Portland,  Oregon,  ,ind  Sacramento, 
California,  a  distance  of  71 J  miles,  for  four 
years,  from  1806  to  1870.  They  had  the  mail 
contract,  »v'hich  was  seeu.-ed  for  them  by  the 
Hon.  II.  W.  Corbett.  They  ran  a  daring  line 
of  four  horse  coaches,  having  to  have  450  head 
of  horses,  and  they  crossed  the  Scott  and  Trinity 
mountains,  which  are  0,000  feet  above  the  level 
,  ."    !,e  sea;  aiul    in  the  winter,  after  a  snow  of 


m 

i 


:^ 


1     !" 

if 
i  i  '  ' 


mn 


IlIHTOUY    Oh'    OUEUOX. 


lil'tciii  fi'Cl.  it  wa>  II  i;icat  iiiiilcitiiluti;r  t<i  iiiuke 
the  tiii),  liiit  ll()lwitll^tHllllillJ,^  Mr.  ('(irliftt 
i)!ii'iii'(l  (ivci-  this  liijc  cvi'iv  iiioiitli  uirI  jinifl  tin- 
liillw.  At  ti nil's  lliu  iiiuil  liai  to  In;  (lacku'!  "ii 
lioi-Kc.-  iiiitil  wiili  oxfii  tlie  loail  wiis  jjickci.'. 
Mr.  ( 'cirhflt  was  also  fiii;.if^t'(i  in  I'ortland  in  i\w 
lively-  anil  jxivati;  cairiafr«  Imsiness,  anil  tor 
Ki'vci'al  years  iiail  a  very  [)i'|)ii]ar  ami  ttoixl  l)nsi- 
ness  in  tli;il  line,  nj)  to  iNTs.  In  1SH3  he  en- 
jjageil  in  tlie  iniililini,'  of  the  Tran-;  continental 
liorse  railroail.  lie  was  one  of  the  original  iii- 
eiiriMivator!-,  and  has  euntinneil  his  connection 
with  it.  it  i.-^  now  the  ('ity  anil  Sulinrhan  Kail- 
way  ('oni|ianv.  anil  has  increased  its  capital  stock 
froMi  ^1(M),()()0  to  ?<1,(I00.()()(»,  and  they  are  now 
ninnini;  aliont  ei^rhty  miles  of  siiiirle  and  ilonhle 
track.  Mr.  Corliett  has  ma'etliis  his  principal 
business  up  to  18SD.  They  now  have  si,\ty 
electric  cars  rnnning  on  tlie  eiist  and  west  sides. 

In  l^lo  he  was  married  to  Miss  .Jane  IJohert- 
son,  amitive  of  Washington  county.  New  \'ork. 
There  were  born  to  them  one  son.  VVilliam,  who 
now  resides  in  I'firtland.  Mrs.  Corbett  died  in 
IH'iS,  and  in  1S54  he  married  Miss  .Inlia  Van 
I'lirskirk,  of  Kansiii^linrf,'.  New  York. 

In  1S71  Mr.  Corhctt  Iniilt  a  very  tastefnl 
and  commodious  dwellinir,  on  275  Sixth  street. 
The  land.  lUO  x  15(1  feet,  cost  him  ,H,OU().  It  is 
now  estimated  as  beinjr  worth  $25,000.  On  this 
property  he  and  his  wife  reside,  surrounded  with 
all  the  comforts  tliat  they  can  desire  and  wealth 
CHI)  procure.  Since  hi»  coming  to  I'ortland, 
Mr.  (^orhett  lias  been  an  intelligent  and  per- 
si.stent  worker,  and  he  has  led  an  iqirighf  and 
honorable  life,  such  as  commands  the  rc.«]iect  of 
every  jj;ood  man.  lie  has  been,  in  politics,  all  bis 
life  a  consistent  Democrat,  and  has  served  in 
the  City  Council  and  on  the  Police  Commission, 
but  has  lU'ver  sought  or  desired  office.  lie  has 
cjuietly  attended  to  his  busi/iess,  and  he  has  not 
only  made  liis  own  fortune,  liiit  has  benefited 
his  city  by  the  great  street  nilroad  enterprise 
he  with  others  introihiced  and  carried  out  tliere. 


*lMJ®®i*|«H 


>„H=- 


|.\NLEY  U.  SHIPLEY  a  good  ilhis- 
fration  of  the  r-iiyin^'  that  "enterprise 
and  giiccesrt  ao  hand  in  hand,"'  is  a  na- 
live  of  I'roome  county.  New  York,  vvhere  he 
was  born  April  20,  1825.  His  father,  Thomas 
.1.  Shipley,  wac  a  native  of  England  and  of  Eng- 
lish parentage,   and  came  to  America  in   1819, 


when  seventeen  years  of  age.  He  located  neiir 
Fort  Ticondeioga,  and  inai'ried  Miss  hovina 
Rowley,  a  native  of  the  .State  of  Vermont,  and 
a  daughter  id  T>*'vi  liou  ley,  who  served  hie 
country  as  a  soldier  in  tlie  war  of  1812.  Tliey 
had  twelve  chiidren,  all  of  whom  attained  ma- 
turity, and  seven  ot  whom  are  still  living,  the 
sid)ject  of  our  sketch  being  the  third  of  the 
family.  In  J 851,  our  subject's  parents  moved 
to  Ohio,  thevi  a  new  and  sparsely  settled  coun- 
try, and  were  pioneers  of  Knox  county,  of  that 
Slate.  In  1S54  they  removed  to  Wisconsin, 
where  his  mother  died  in  1871,  his  father  sur- 
viving her  nine  years,  expiring  in  1880,  aged 
seventy-six  years. 

When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  twenty- 
five  years  of  age,  lie  purchased  a  farm  of  240 
acres  in  WisconsiTi,  which  lie  improved  by 
erecting  substantial  buildings  and  cultivating 
the  land,  residing  on  it  for  six  years,  and  sohl 
it  advantageonsly,  when  he  purchased  another 
in  the  same  locality,  to  which  he  added  from 
time  to  time,  imtil  he  had  made  of  it  a  very  val- 
uable place,  when  he  sold  it,  realizing  a  good 
])rofit,  and  removed  to  J'erlin,  of  the  same 
State.  Here  he  engaged  in  improving  and 
building  on  lands  in  that  vicinity,  doing  a  very 
extensive  and  remunerative  business  until  by 
the  . I  nne  floods  he  met  sad  roversalB  of  for 
tune. 

In  1873  became  to  Forest  Grove,  where  he, 
in  company  with  his  sons,  rented  a  farm  of  GOO 
acres,  bt'longing  to  A.T.  Smith,  leasing  it  on  terms 
for  twenty  three  years,and  engaged  extensively  in 
farming  and  the  production  of  hay,  becoming  a 
wholesale  dealer  in  that  commodity,  and  corv- 
dncting  business  on  a  large  scale,  building  large 
warehouses  at  the  depot,  shipping  great  quan- 
tities, and  doing  a  remunerative  business.  lie 
also  purchased  eighteen  acres  of  choice  resi- 
dence ])roperty,  situated  near  the  station,  on 
which  he  built  a  substantial  and  commodious 
home,  suggestive  of  comfort  and  refinement, 
the  grounds  of  wliieh  he  has  tastefully  laid  out 
with  attractive  trees  and  ornamental  shrubs, 
rendering  it  one  of  the  handBomest  iilaces  ii» 
the  city.  His  transactions  'n  hay  exportation 
are  largely  at  Portland  pihI  on  the  sound,  and 
he  lias  handled  in  a  single  year  as  much  as 
1,400  tons.  In  addition  ti;  his  own  business, 
which  has  made  a  large  market  for  tlio  surplus 
\my  of  the  farms  of  his  county,  he  has  inter 
ested  bin. -elf  in  the  various  enterprises,  tending 
to  bf i'olll  hiS  favorite  city,  and  is  a  stockholder 


i'lWi'.UUAtli**  ■ 


niSTOUY    Oh'    OHKOON. 


in  tlie  Klectric  Lij{lit  Coinpniiy,  tliereliy  cnaliling 
ForeKt  UrovB  to  artdiinu-  a  |iroiniiifiit  position 
in  tlit'f      ' 'o  !Mi|»')rtiint  liraiii-lit'-  «>t'  indiistry. 

In  14  i7  lie  was  niarrioil  to  Miss  iMarictt  f^cu- 
ville,  a  native  of  Oiiio,  and  a  (huiffliter  of  Mr. 
Ezekiel  Ssovillu,  a  proinini-nt  citizen  ol  tiiat 
State.  Tliey  iiad  fo\ir_ciiil(Jren:  .*>ila».  a  gradn 
ate  of  Pacitio  University,  and  now  an  aMe  law 
yer  of  Seattle,  Wasliinf/ton;  two  dangliters  be- 
came the  wives  ol  Messrs.  Haines  and-  I'ailey, 
prociiinent  niereliants  of  Forest  Grove.  Mrs. 
Shipley  died  in  1M51,  frreatiy  lann  nied  i)y  all 
wIki  knew  her. 

In  18()2  Mr.  Shipley  married  Mrs.  lilizaheth 
Smith,  the  widow  of  I.'e.xter  Smith,  her  maiden 
name  having  been  Elizabeth  Ny*.  a  very  esti- 
nnible  lady.  Mr.  Sliiplcy  adopf«d  her  two 
children,  both  dunghteiv,  who  afterward  died. 
In  187<>,  their  mother  also  ilied,  amid  a  Iwjst  of 
sorrowing  friends. 

Some  time  later,  Mr  Shipley  married  Miss 
Snsan  L.  .lohnson,  a  native  of  Verniont,  a  pop- 
ular society  lady,  and  possessing  many  charm.s 
of  person  and  character. 

Mr.  Shipley  is  a  strong  Kepnblican,  and  dnr- 
ing  the  civil  war,  his  brothers  and  tliree  broth- 
er's-in-law  were  all  in  the  service,  and  he  also 
was  active  in  the  Union  cause.  While  in  iJer- 
lin,  Wisconsin,  he  was  several  times  honored  by 
his  constitnents  by  election  to  the  (lity  Council, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  with  ability  and  in- 
ctgrity.  Since  coming  to  Forest  Grove,  how- 
ever, lie  has  declined  all  otlicial  positions,  as 
interfering  too  much  with  private  alTairs. 

Alfable  in  manners,  of  conceded  probity,  and 
sufcrior  business  ability,  he  has  won  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  all  people  with  whom  he 
has  come  in  contact,  and  partic\ilarly  of  the 
whole-souled  citizens  of  Poorest  Grove. 


:ILL1AM  ,1.  GARUISON,  an  honored 
pioneer  of  Oregon,  having  made  his 
advent  on  the,  tlien,  wild  and  unculti- 
vated scene  of  this  now  great  commonwealth  in 
1843,  is  a  native  of  Uecatur  county,  Indiana, 
where  he  was  born  March  13,  1827.  His  fa- 
ther, Kiioch  Garrison,  was  a  native  of  Ohio, 
where  he  was  born  July  20,  180tJ.  His  grand- 
father.  Abraham  (iarri.-on,  was  an  Ohio  pioneer, 
having  located  in  that  State  at  a  very  early  day. 
Mr.  Garrison's  father   married    Miss    Margaret 


Ilerron,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  a  tlaughter 
of  Mr.  Daniel  Herron,  a  resjiected  Iventin-ky 
pionee".  They  had  eight  children,  thiee  of 
whom  are  now  living.  His  parents  ami  family 
all  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1843,  com- 
ing in  the  tirst  emigrant  train  that  ever  camo 
all  the  way  in  wugons.  Tiny  startt«l  on  April 
lU  and  November  5  arrived  in  Oregon  ("ity. 
They  located  in  Yam  Hill  county,  four  miles 
south  of  McMinnville,  where  the  father  resided 
until  I'^SO,  when  Mr.  (larrison  purchased  his 
father's  clnim,  and  his  father  went  toCalifor- 
iiia,  when*  he  was  absent  for  a  year,  after  which 
he  resided  with  his  son.  ICnoch  M.,  until  his 
death,  in  1884.  He  was  an  able  Methodist 
■tinister,  and  preached  on  several  circuits  in 
Oreffon,  not  ceasing  his  ministerial  work  until 
his  liealth  necessitated  his  doing  so.  He  did  a 
;;reat  deal  of  good  in  disseminating  leligious 
knowledge,  and  that  at  a  time  when  so  few 
laborers  were  in  this  Westtiii  lield.  HiL-wife 
V.  as  a  faithful  and  etticient  coworker,  and  was 
greatly  beloved  by  the  community.  She  died 
in  187->,  greatly  lamentcl  liy  all  who  knew  her. 
The  8ubj«sct  of  our  sketch  was  sixteeti  year.^ 
of  age  when  if  came  to  Oregon.  He  remained 
with  his  father  on  the  home  farm  until  1848, 
wlien,  allured  by  the  gold  discoveries  in  Cali- 
fornia, he  went  to  that  State,  traveling  (jverlatid 
in  company  with  a  numl)er  of  his  neighbors. 
He  .'irrived  in  Stanislaus  county  in  September, 
reinai;iing  in  the  mines  until  the  following 
April,  lie  was  very  successful, making  at  times 
as  high  as  S10(i  a  day,  and  took  his  money  back 
to  '  )regi)n  with  him. 

On  his  return,  in  1849,  he  was  married  to 
Mi.ss  Gornelii*  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Frank  Smith, 
natives  lyf  Virginia.  It  was  at  this  time  that 
he  bougfaif  his  father's  claim,  on  which  he  set- 
tled, and  munr  »ali*«ble  improvements  and  cul- 
tivated the  land,  making  of  it  a  very  valuable 
farm,  im*  which  he  continued  to  n^side  until 
18rt7.  \«rl»eii  he  came  to  McMinnville  and  en- 
gage' in  the  livery  business,  lia\ing,  at  that 
time,  rhe  only  Itiisiness  of  tlie  kind  in  town. 
This  he  continued  f^r  aliout  ton  years,  when  he 
sold  out  and  engaged  in  the  butcher  business, 
r..!iductiiig  the  latter  enterprise  until  1IS87.  He 
was  at  this  time  stricken  with  paralysis,  and  was 
forced  to  retire  from  active  business. 

Mr.  Garrison  was  of  large   physique  and  ex- 
cellent   Constitution,  ot   sober   habits,   superior 
ri^-ntal  aoility  and  great  activity.      He  was  very 
idustrious,  and  was  able  to  endure  more  fatigue 


"i  li 


m^ 


604 


msroRY  OF  oRKaoN. 


m\  'i 


tliHii  inoKt  men.  lie  whh  fHitlii'iil  to  biit^iiicBM 
mill  liononil)!!'  in  liis  doaliiii^s,  tliiis  securing 
tin'  (;()iitiil(?fi('o  of  tliL'  jieople,  am!  !ic((uircil  j^reat 
iirosiicrity.  Il(;  was  piililic-spirited,  and  lius 
contributed  materially  to  flie  ifrowth  of  his 
favorite  city.  He  built  the  (Tarrison  I'lock, 
72  X  OH,  two  storicB  high,  the  up])er  .story  of 
which  i."  used  for  an  opera  house,  while  the 
lower  story  is  occu|)ied  liy  the  First  National 
Haid<  and  three  stores.  Besides  this,  he  has 
built  a  nuiri!)er  of  aood  residencoB  on  desirable 
residence  property.  He  owns  a  large  number 
of  city  lots,  comprising  seventeen  acres  of  land. 
He  sold  his  dotuition  claim  in  various  parcels  to 
different  parties. 

Atr.  and  Mrs.  (Jarriscn  '.lavc  had  three  chil- 
dren, two  now  living;  Mary  K.  became  the 
wife  of  Henry  Huker  and  died  in  her  twenly- 
sixtli  year,  leaving  one  child,  since  when  her 
husband  has  also  died;  Martha  A.  married  Mr. 
Frank  Iledman,  a  McMinnville  merchant:  Mar- 
garet I.  became  the  wife  of  (J.  W.  Hulmau.  To 
her  .Mr.  (iarrison  gave  a  valuable  farm  of  sixty 
acres,  located  near  McMinnville,  on  which  she 
and  her  iiusbaiid  now  reside.  To  Mrs.  Redman 
he  gave  an  ecjual  value  in  McMinnville  city 
property,  with  whom  he  resides,  his  wife  having 
died  in  .lanuary,  1884.  She  iiad  been  a  faith- 
f  il  wife  and  <levoted  mother  for  thirty-five 
years,  and  was  greatly  lamented  by  a  loving 
family  and  a  largo  circle  of  friends. 

For  half  a  century  now  Mr.  (iarrison  has 
watched  with  interest  the  development  of  the 
whole  country,  and  more  particularly  the  mar- 
velous prosperity  of  Mc.Mininille.  He  has  not, 
however,  confined  himself  to  looking  on,  but  has 
taken  a  most  active  part  in  bringing  about  this 
very  great  change.  When  the  Caynse  Indians 
made  war  on  the  settlers  he  enlisted,  furnishing 
his  own  equipment,  and  serveil  faithfully  and 
etlicientlv  throu>;h  the  war.  Also,  when  fac- 
tion.s  of  secessionists  sought  to  take  Oregon  out 
of  the  Union,  he  vigorously  opposed  their  des- 
picable machinations,  and.  with  the  Uepublicaii 
])arty,  aided  and  abetted  the  cause  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, lie  has  always  abhorred  oppression 
of  any  kind,  and  hum;in  slavery  has  always 
stirreil  his  deepest  iiidig/iation  anil  abhorrence, 
so  that  it  was  not  surprising  that  he  should  ha\e 
desired  to  see  the  banners  of  liberty  unfurlcil  in 
this  beautiful  State,  instead  of  beholding  the 
brutal  whi[)  and  baying  bloodhounds. 

As  stated,  his  '  father  was  a  well-known 
ilethodist  minister,  which  tact  ha<l  its  influence 


on  his  young  mind,  and  one  year  after  coming 
to  <  )regon,  when  he  was  in  his  seventeenth  year, 
he  became  a  member. of  that  church.  The  pass- 
ing years  served  to  binii  him  c!o.-er  to  its  inter- 
ests, uiui  he  has  remlered  etHcient  service  in  its 
cause.  He  has  been  a  Trustee,  Steward  and  Class- 
leader,  and  has  aided  in.b.iilding  the  house  of 
worship,  and  been  a  prominent  factor  in  the 
churches'  rightly  bestowing  its  benevolence,  as 
well  as  .'Sustaining  her  in  the  elevation  of  society 
and  the  disseminating  of  religious  knowledge 
among  the  people,  and  as  such  deserved  the 
highest  respect  and  greatest  esteem  '  ''  '  good 
men. 


glEOIlGE     GIlEENWOOl)     BINGHAM, 

District  Attorney  of  the  county  of  Ma- 
rion, and  member  of  the  law  firm  of  D'Arcy 
ifc  Hingham,  .Salem,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  West 
Salem,  La  ('rosse  county,  Wisconsin,  born  No- 
vember 25,  1855.  He  is  a  sou  of  William  II. 
Binglian\,  a  native  of  England,  who  was 
brought  to  America  at  the  age  of  three  years 
by  his  father;  the  paternal  grandfather  settled 
near  Norwalk,  Ohio,  and  in  the  '40s  removed  to 
La  Crosse  county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  one 
of  the  pioneers.  There  William  H.  Hingham 
was  married  to  Miss  Maria  Kentner,  a  native 
of  New  Vork  State,  and  in  1868  they  removed 
to  Missouii;  throe  years  later  they  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  and  settled  in  Yam  Hill 
county.  Mr.  Bingham  embarked  in  the  saw- 
mill and  lumber  business,  and  later  turned  his 
attention  to  the  furniture  trade;  the  last  twelve 
years  of  his  life,  lie  was  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful nerchants  of  McMinnville,  Yam  Hill 
cimtity.  He  died  suddenly  of  heart  disease, 
June  It),  18!K).  There  were  born  to  him  and 
his  wife,  si.x  children,  only  two  of  whom  sur- 
vive, a  daiigiiter  and  son,  (ieorgo  G..  the  subject 
of  this  biographical  sketch.  He  was  educated 
in  the  i)ublic  schools,  and  at  the  Baptist  School 
at  McMinnville,  having  finished  his  literary 
course,  he  went  to  the  University  of  Michigan, 
at  Ann  Arbor,  andetiterod  the  law  department, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  with  honors  in 
1880.  He  returned  the  same  year  to  <  )regon, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State.  lie  I'eguu  his  professional 
work  in  Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  remained 
five   years,   removing  ai  the  end  of  that  period 


lllSTnin     OF    (i/,'/:il)X. 


m 


to  Salem;  here  lie  was  eiigagod  i!i  ])riictice  fur 
t^even  years,  tillin<j:  the  otlice  of  City  Attorney 
for  two  years.  In  ISIMI  lie  was  electeil  l>istriet 
Attorney  for    tlie  Tliinl    .liulieial    Distriet  of 

(  ^'Cfrotl. 

Tlie  firm  of  D'Arcy  &  l!iiiglniiii  was  toriiieil 
ill  •Inly,  IS'JO;  liotli  i^eiitlemeri  have  an  envia- 
ble reputation  throughout  the  State  as  practi- 
tioners of  exceptional  ability,  and  they  have 
won  a  large  and  remunerative  practice.  They 
are  retained  by  the  State  in  the  Taritf  Charges 
Case  against  the  Southern  Pacific  Itailmad 
Company;  thi.s  is  considered  the  must  important 
litis;ation  that  has  ever  arisen  in  the  State. 

PoliMcally,  Mr.  liinghain  atliliates  with  the 
Uepublican  party,  and  is  in  lull  accord  with  its 
princij)les.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fratcrnitv,  Ijelonginir  to  the  blue  lodw,  the 
chapter  and  comraandery.  lie  ih  a  man  of  quiet, 
unassuming  manner  in  the  social  world,  but  in 
his  profession  i.s  found  bold  and  aggressive  in  a 
cause  which  he  esteems  just;  his  high  and 
honorable  legal  methods  have  won  him  the 
respect  of  hi.s  colleagues  and  the  favor  and  con- 
fideuce  of  '^he  public. 


— ^■iil:^®!^'^ 


^LVIN  C.  JHiOWN  of  Forest  Grove,  is  a 
pioneer  and  the  son  of  a  pioneer.  They 
arrived  in  Oregon  in  lS4t3  after  a  long 
journey  across  the  plains.  He  was  i)orn  in  War- 
ren county,  Missouri,  on  June  13,  1^(29.  His 
fatiier,  Orus  I'rovvn,  was  born  in  Jtrimtield, 
Massachusetts,  on  Se])temb8r  4,  ISOO.  FHs  par- 
ents were  Kev.  C!lark  and  Tabitha  i'rown.  His 
mother  was  a  coworker  with  Kev.  Clark  in 
founding  the  Pacific  Uuiver.sity  at  Forest  Grove. 
Tlie  following  record  of  the  I'atnily  was  taken 
from  Kev.  (JIark  Brown's  family  record:  The 
Kev.  James  Noyes,  the  first  settle<l  minister  in 
Slonington,  Coi-necticnt,  was  grandfather  to  the 
liev.  Clark  Hro  vn's  own  grandmother;  he  was  a 
Presbyterian  m  nister.  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
University,  lie  married  I )enty  Stanton.  Their 
son,  Ur.  James  Noyes,  married  the  daughter  of 
Governor  Sanford.  of  Khode  Island.  They  had 
six  children  and  their  daughter  married  John 
Rrown,  Kev.  Clark  Hrown's  grsndfatlier.  Tiieir 
son.  John  Hrown,  married  Mary  Holmes.  They 
were  Kev.  Clark  Hrown's  parents.  Th<i  Uev. 
Clark  Brown  married  Tabitha  Moft'att,  otdy 
daughter  of   Dr.   Joseph  Moffat  of    Brimfield. 


Massachusetts.     Orus  Brown,  son  uf  tlie    Rev. 
Clark  and  Tabitha  Brown   married  Theresa  Da 
vis.'daiighter  of  Mack  Davis,  of  New  ^'ork.   They 
were  of  old   Puritan  stock.     These  were  our  sub. 
ject's  parents. 

The  Kev.  CMark  Brown,  A.  M.,  was  a  lalenli'il 
minister  of  the  Congregational  denominalioii 
and  many  of  his  valuable  sermons  were  printed 
and  now  are  in   ))ossession  of  his  grandson. 

.\bout  ISlti  ^ir.  I'rown's  lather,  Orus  Brown, 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Maryland,  where 
iiis  father  died.  In  the  year  1821  he  removed 
to  Missouri,  where  he  resided  until  iH4i},  wluMi 
he  crossed  the  Ko(d<y  mountains  with  the  first 
train  of  wagoners  that  ever  made  thetrip  ail  the 
way  from  .Nlipsouri  to  Oregon.  In  the  fall  of 
1S45  he  retniTied  to  Missouri  in  comjiany  with 
Dr.  White  ;ind  two  others.  On  the  way  they 
had  an  encounter  with  the  Pawnee  Indians  and 
narrowly  escapeil  with  their  lives.  The  next 
year  he  returned  with  his  family,  ."ncludinghis 
mother  ami  sister  and  also  very  many  other  of 
his  friends,  who  came  by  hit)  I'ecommendation. 
From  that  time  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  the  seventy-fourth  year  of  his  age,  he  resided 
in  Oregon.  Ho  was  a  brave  pioneer,  a  kind  fa- 
ther and  a  good  citi;^en.  By  his  fir-^t  wife  he  bad 
two  children,  Alvin  C.  and  Andren  Orus.  He 
married  for  his  second  wife  Levina  Waddles,  of 
Illinois.  There  were  born  to  them  in  the  East 
seven  children  and  six  more  were  added  to  the 
family  after  they  moved  West.  This  wife  died 
in  the  winter  of  18(10. 

jlis  claim  (tiefore  the  donation  act)  was  where 
Forest  Grove  now  stands.  He  sold  it  to  Harvey 
Clark,  who  became  the  founder  of  the  Pa<!ific 
University.  The  price  he  was  to  receive  on  liis 
return  to  •  )regon  was  to  be  500  bushels  of  wheat. 
.\fter  his  return  he  took  another  claim,  which 
was  his  donation. 

(rrandmother  Tabitha  i'ro.vn  and  her  chil- 
dren came  to  Oregon  in  a  team  of  her  own.  Hei' 
death  occurred  in  1858. 

Alvin  C.  Brown,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
passed  his  seventeenth  birthd.ay  on  the  plains  on 
his  way  to  Oregon.  He  remained  witli  his  fa- 
ther until  he  was  twenty-one.  When  ho  was 
nineteen  he  selected  his  donation  claim  one  mile 
nortii  of  Forest  Grove.  He  built  his  cabin  on  it 
and  resided  with  his  father. 

In  September,  1864.  he  married  Sarah  A. 
Koss  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  daughter  of  Lu- 
ther Ho88.  She  crossed  the  plains  in  1847,  with 
her  stepfather,   Israel    Mitchel,  a  prominent  pi- 


f'^-i^'fr 


tm 


600 


UIHTOHY    OF    OUKGON. 


oiieur,  wlio  \vii»  tlic  Hiirvoyor  of  turust  Cirove. 
In  1^47  iiftfM*  the  Wliitirmii  rniis.suc.re,  Mr.  Urown 
joined  Oaptsiiii  Hiill's  company  of  Wiioliiiij^ton 
county.  I'licy  fiirnislicil  their  own  0ijiii|)ni(fnt6. 
He  servi'il  until  the  Iinliiin.s  were  Inoui^ht  to 
terrnH.  iMr.  ISrown  eoiitiiuied  on  his  farm  for 
twenty  years,  and  still  owns  200  acres  of  it. 
His  son  i»  now  farming  it.  Mr.  lirown  piir- 
ehased  a  home  in  Forest  (irove  and  moved  into 
it  Septcmher  It),  lS7o,  wiiere  he  hfw  since  re- 
sided. His  wife  has  borne  him  nine  children, 
nix  of  whom  an*  livino:  one  son,  l!]lmer,  is  a  phy- 
sician  at  Ta<'oma;  Amer  V.  is  on  the  farm; 
Krnis  V,.  is  a  driii;ii;i>t  at  Ilillshoro;  Mary  T.,  is 
the  wife  of  Mr.  Ilei'nion  I^cwis,  who  resides  at 
Ilns.sellvi||e;  Hmina  Q.,  is  a  teacher  at  liussell- 
ville;  and  Elizaheth  is  with  her  paients.  Mrs. 
lirown  is  a  ('onjijregationlist  and  Mr.  Brown  has 
views  of  his  own  re;i;ar(ling  relifjion,  lint  inclines 
to  tlit^  Swedenhorgian  faith.  He  is  a  Republi- 
can and  was  a  strong  Union  man  and  a  member 
of  the  Union  League  at  the  time  the  Oovern- 
irient  was  in  jeopardy.  He  is  a  man  of  ideas 
anil  is  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  history 
of  the  early  times  in  Orcj^on  and  is  a  reliable 
citizen  of  the  now  great  State,  of  which  he  is  an 
honored  pioneer. 


^-<#'*SW®®{! 


>*'i^ 


M)N.  STEWART  M.  PENNINGTON,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1847,  and  a  resident  of 
Albany,  was  born  in  Monroe  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1824. 

His  panMits,  John  and  Jemima  (Howser) 
Pennington,  were  natives  of  Virginia  and  Ten- 
nessee respectively,  and  of  Scotch-tTerinan  de- 
scent. They  lived  in  Kentucky  for  a  number 
of  years,  and  in  1831  moved  from  there  to 
Mci'onouj;;!)  county,  Illinois,  locating  on  Orand 
Prairie  af  Pennington  Point,  where  the  father 
followed  farming  and  stock-raising  on  his  farm 
of  ItiO  acres.  Here  Stewart  was  reared,  worked 
on  the  farm  in  summer  and  during  the  winter 
months  contiing  his  lessons  in  the  little  log 
schoolhouse  hard  by. 

In  April,  1847,  the  subject  of  our  sulgect 
started  for  Oregon,  joining?  the  family  of  Com- 
modore Rose,  of  Schuylei'  county  Illinois,  and 
agreeing  to  drive  the  team  for  his  b.iard.  Ar- 
riving; at  !'\)tt  II'iU,  as  provisions  were  running 
short,  he  was  relieved  from  further  service,  anil 
ii!  company  vvitli  four  filliers  started  with   pack 


j  animals  for  Oregon  City.  At  IJoise  river  the 
Indians  stole  alltheir animals  and  they  were  left 
with  no  means  of  transportion;  but,  meeting 
with  some  friendly  Indians,  old  clothes  were 
traded  for  Indian  ponies,  two  hickory  shirts 
beiii;^  the  purchase  price  of  one  pony,  and,  thus 
e((ui])ped,  they  proceeded.  They  crossed  the 
Cascades  by  the  ISarlow  route,  soon  after  that 
trail  was  opened,  and  arrived  at  Oregon  (Mty, 
September  23,  1847.  The  emigration  of  that 
year  was  very  great,  and  after  reaching  their 
destination  they  found  it  difficult  to  get  em- 
ployment. Wheat  and  potatoes,  at  SI  per 
bushel,  were  lefj;al  tender.  Voung  Penning- 
ton, however,  soon  found  work  in  the  old 
island  sawiuill  owned  by  Governor  Abernethy 
and  operated  by  R.  D.  Torney,  and  remained 
there  until  the  first  of  March.  He  was  then 
transferred  to  Portland  to  look  after  shippinjj 
the  lumber,  and  in  April  went  to  Tualitin 
plains  and  superintended  the  working  of  Mr. 
Torney's  farm.  In  January,  1849,  he  started 
for  California,  via  sail  vessel,  and  in  the  mines 
at  S|)anish  bar,  on  the  middle  fork  of  the  Amer- 
ican river,  mined  with  fair  success  a  few  months. 
Ne.\t,  we  find  him  at  Sacramento,  conducting  a 
grocery  and  provision  store.  In  this  enterprise 
he  was  also  successful.  In  November,  1849, 
he  returned  to  Oregon,  and  was  soon  after- 
ward married.  The  following  summer  he 
passed  in  the  mines,  this  time  meeting  with 
sickness  and  bad  luck.  Returning  to  Oregon 
in  the  fall,  iie  settled  on'  his  donation  claim 
of  f)40  acres,  which  he  had  located  four  miles 
north  of  Lebanon  in  1848,  and  began  farming, 
grain  being  his  chief  product.  In  1871  he 
rented  his  farm,  moved  to  ITmatilla  county, 
engaged  in  the  stock  business,  and  continued 
there  until  1885.  That  year  he  returned  to 
Willamette  valley  and  settled  at  Albany,  pur- 
chasing his  present  home  on  the  corner  of  Lytin 
and  Ninth  streets.  He  still  has  a  band  of  150 
horses  in  Washington — Clydesdale  and  Per- 
cheron  stock.  He  also  ownes  about  f)00  acres  of 
land  near  Lebanan  and  valuable  town  property 
in  Albany. 

Mr.  Peimington  was  elected  to  the  State  Sen- 
ate in  1378,  and  re-elected  in  1882.  The  duties 
of  that  impiirtant  position  he  tilled  with  much 
credit  to  himself  and  hi.s  constituents.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  standing  oomi\iittees 
on  Ways  and  Means  iin<l  Public  Ruildings  and 
Railroads,  being  an  active   worker  in  the  same. 

February  28,  1850,  M.r.  Pennington  mRrri«*i 


r. v=^--  '-'vwii^i.'-*;  ^^»^ y^'  '^^ V>?*"  "'}*^:-'*:.-.  ?^ 


nisrOHY    Oh     oliEdON. 


6»7 


Miss  Al)ifjail  Cooper,  fi  daiif^liter  of  Sniiuifl 
{,V)Opi;r,  tlie  (hooper  t'litnily  luniiif;  <•rol^^ell  the 
plains  in  the  coinpiiiiy  witli  which  Mr.  I'en- 
niiigtoii  trrtvele(),  in  1M4:7.  Of  their  chihireii. 
all  reached  mature  lite,  there  are  but  fonr  liv- 
ing, namely;  Mary,  wile  of  Dr.  .1.  I,.  Hill,  of 
Albany;  Cliarles  Clyde;  Alice,  widow  of  Free- 
land  kieliards;  Celia,  the  yoiiiiges.  The  two 
latter  still  make  their  home  with  their 
parents. 

Air.  Pennington  is  an  honored  member  of 
tile  Masonic  fraternity,  and  a  consistent  sup- 
porter of  the  Haptist  (!liurch.  He  an<l  his 
amiable  companion,  after  a  life  of  many  hard- 
ships nTid  privations  incident  to  pioneer  life, 
are  now  enjoying  the  comforts  of  their  pleasant 
hutiie,  and  the  esteem  of  the  entire  community. 

SON.  Al^GUSTUS  UIPr.E\  HUKHANK, 
a  witlely  known  Oregon  pioneer,  an  emi- 
nent jiulilic  man  and  intl\ienlial  citizen  of 
La  Fayette,  Yarn  Hill  county,  Oregon,  was  born 
near  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  15,  1817.  He  was 
of  English  and  Scotch  descent,  iiis  ancestors 
having  been  early  settlers  of  New  England. 

His  father  was  born  in  Williainstown,  Massa- 
chusetts, March  6,  1770,  of  English  and  Irish 
ance-.try.  He  married  Miss  Margaret  Pinchen, 
a  native  of  .\ttica,  New  York  State,  where  she 
was  born  January  4,  1774,  of  Scotch  ilescent. 
Tiiey  had  eleven  ('hildreii,  only  two  of  whom  are 
now  living.  In  1814  his  parents  removed  to 
Ohio,  which  was  then  a  new  and  unsettled 
country,  and  located  on  a  farm  near  Cincinnati, 
where  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born  three 
years  later,  in  1817.  The  father  was  a  miller 
and  farmer,  and  was  esteemed  on  account  of  his 
industry  and  enterprise.  He  was  a  distinguished 
Major  in  the  war  of  1812,  serving  in  that 
memorable  conflict  with  great  valor.  He  was  a 
worthy  member  of  the  Methodist,  tiien  the 
Presliyteriaii  Church,  and  Masonic  order,  and  is 
imbued  with  the  principles  of  true  goodness  and 
greatness. 

From  Ohio  the  family  removed  to  Illinois 
in  1*<18,  which  was  then  the  extreme  frontier, 
and  where  the  father  was  engaged  in  milling. 
Here  the  faithful  wife  and  devoted  mother  died 
at  Exeter,  Illinois,  on  July  14,  1820,  leaving  a 
distressed  family  and  nsany  friends  to  mourn 
her  loss.     She  was  a  member  of  the   Methodist 


Church,  a  latiy  of  rare  intelligence  and  many 
,iccompli>lim('Uts,  who  endeared  herself  to  all  by 
her  practical  Christian  virt\ies,  to  wliich  she 
lent  tlu^  charm  of  a  deeply  loving  heart.  Her 
husband  survived  her  six  years,  expiring  in  the 
family  of  a  friend,  at  Meredosia,  llliiu)i».  Oc- 
tober 27,  lNi$2.  His  honorable  dealings,  superior 
business  ability,  progrt»ssive  disposition  ami 
uniform  courteousne-s  ixaineil  for  him  the  esteem 
of  all,  and  caused  him  to  be  greatly  lamented. 
Hoth  the  parents  are  buried  at  E.teter  (Illinois) 
cemetery. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  attended  the  public 
schools,  and  on  the  death  of  his  father,  at  the 
ago  of  fifteen  entered  a  store  as  a  clerk,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  for  several  years.  In  1843, 
he,  witli  a  partner,  began  mercantile  business  in 
Naples,  Illinois,  where  he  ('(Uitinued  in  the  same 
business  for  seven  years,  building  up  cpiite  an 
extensive  trade,  his  business  increasing  to  sucli 
an  extent  that  it  r(>(piired  the  attention  of  him- 
self and  partner  and  several  clerks.  His  health 
at  this  time  became  ini|)Hired,  and  he  was  ad- 
vised to  travel,  so  he  put  a  (deik  in  his  place  in 
the  store,  and  in  the  spring  of  1849  started 
across  the  plains  for  the  gcjld  fields  of  (Jali- 
fornia. 

The  change  and  outdoor  life  proved  very 
beneficial,  and  he  found  Iiis  journey  a  most 
romantic  and  enjoyable  one*,  .\rriviiig  at  Sacra- 
mento, California,  September  26,  1849,  he  be- 
cami-  8C(juainteil  with  a  gentleman,  with  whom 
he  joitieil  interests-  in  the  spring  of  18.")(),  and 
they  went  to  Nevada  City.  California,  where 
they  engaged  in  mining  and  merchandising. 
Thtv  were  very  successful,  and  he  continued 
the;e>  for  one  year,  when  he  sold  out.  After 
v'siting  many  places  he  returned  to  his  homo  in 
Illinois.  In  May,  1851,  he  sold  out  his  inter- 
ests at  the  old  store,  and  moved  to  and  started 
in  business  in  Hloomitigton,  Illinois,  being  also 
somewhat  engaged  in  real-estate  business  at 
that  point. 

On  May  1.  1845,  he  was  married,  in  .lackson- 
villc,  Illinois,  to  Miss  Mary  Ellen  Ecklos,  a 
native  of  Milford,  Delaware,  where  she  was  born 
January  14,  1827.  She  was  a  dauahter  of  Jesse 
Eckles,  one  of  the  Society  of  I'riends. 

In  1853  he  sold  his  business  in  Illinois,  and 
with  his  wife  came  via  the  Isthmus  of  San 
Juan,  to  Oregon,  where  he  had  intended  going 
into  business  in  Portland,  Init  finding  it  over- 
done in  business,  he  came  on  to  La  Fayette, 
Oregon,  where  he  arrived  June  18,  1853.    Here, 


i:!;'^:- 


6U8 


nisronr  of  ojisaoy. 


\!k 


witli  ii  [laitiinr,  lit;  ntiirtod  in  biK^iiiess,  in  wliicli 
lu!  coiitiiiiU'd  until  tliu  Indiiiii  war  of  ISDu-'oO, 
when  lie  sold  out  and  went  to  I'ortliind,  and  in 
IH')H  lie  went  to  ami  (jpi'iied  a  stoi'e  in  Victoria, 
liritisli  Ciihuiibia,  at  tlie  time  of  the  Fniser 
river  j^old  mine  excitement.  In  the  i-priii^  of 
ISTjCi  he  made  the  tirst  etl'ort  for  locatinj^j  ( Ire- 
j^on'ti  tirst  woolen  factory  at  Salem,  the  cajiital, 
and  to  bring  in  water  there  from  the  Santiain 
river  for  water  power,  which  waii  adopted  hy 
the  factory  company,  and  the  water  was  hronght 
in,  which  has  ever  |)rovcii  of  ^reat  wealth  and 
life  to  the  city  in  running  her  factories  and 
mills,  which  value  is  hard  to  compute.  Dut 
few  (d'  hei- peojile  of  today  know  that  he  was 
the  lirst  mover  in  this  matter.  He,  in  the  fall 
of  1S58,  went  to  Monticello,  Washington,  where 
he  cnj;aged  in  the  hotel  business;  was  I'ost- 
mastcr  and  stagi^  Hj^eiit,  in  which  he  continued 
successfully  for  nine  years,  when  he  sold  out 
and  returned  to  l^a  Fayette,  Oregon,  August  'J, 
ISliT,  where  he  had  a  lmsines.<  with  his  l/rother- 
in-law.  lie  jiiirchascd  his  partner's  interest 
and  continued  in  the  business  alone  until  No- 
vember, 1885,  when  he  sold  out  and  retired. 
In  every  one  of  his  iiusiness  ventures  he  was 
successful,  which  can  be  said  of  but  few  who 
have  spent  a  long  life  in  various  enterprises. 

lie  owns  two  farms  in  attractive  parts  of  tlie 
valley;  located  adjoining  !,a  Fayette,  on  a  small 
farm  and  home  place,  lie  has  a  large  and  hand- 
some home,  pleasantly  situated  and  surrounded 
with  ornamental  trees  and  tlowering  shrulis, 
the  whole  suggestive  of  comfort  and  retinement. 
lie  has  invested  in  projierty  elsewhere,  owning 
real  estate  in  Portland,  besides  which  he  has 
laud  near  there,  and  other  lands. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  nurliank  raised  but  one  daugh- 
ter, Hva  Jj.  Burbank.  who  attained  to  beautiful 
womanhood.  She  graduated  at  St.  Helen's 
Academy,  Portland,  and  was  a  tine  musician 
and  aci'timplished  artist.  August  15,  1880,  she 
accompanied  a  bathing  [larty  to  North  Peach, 
where,  venturing  too  far  out,  she  was  caught  by 
the  undertow,  and  although  strenuous  efforts 
were  made  to  rescue  her,  they  were  all  unsuc- 
cessful, and  her  precious  remains  were  never 
recovered.  In  their  parlor  stand  her  organ  ai)d 
piano,  and  the  parlor  walls  are  hung  with 
numerous  charming  bits  of  paintings,  all  the 
Work  of  her  skillful  tingeis  and  talented  mind. 
A  life-si/c.d  painting  of  licr.self  also  adorns  the 
walls,  a  beautiful  r-ubjccf.  e.Xfjuisitely  executed, 
whure  the  sweet  face  eet'ms  brimming  over  with 


merriment,  and  she  appears  about  to  speak. 
The  painting  is  the  work  of  a  celebrated  artist, 
procured  at  a  very  great  cost,  and  is  the  nearest 
representative  that  her  parents  could  secure  on 
eai'th  of  that  bright  spirit,  which  departed  this 
life  in  innocence,  to  mingle  with  those  radiant 
beings,  blest  inhabitants  of  the  world  beyond. 

A  prophecy  made  to  Mr.  Purbank  when  a 
boy,  by  an  old  gentleman,  has  often  recurred  to 
him  during  his  public  life  in  Oregon.  When 
young  he  used  to  attend  debating  schools  in  his 
native  town,  and  one  evening  somewliat  dis- 
tinguished himself,  when  an  old  gentleman 
friend  called  on  him  on  the  next  morning,  and 
said:  "Young  man,  I  see  you  have  talent, 
which,  if  improved,  will  make  you  a  leader 
among  men;  and,  if  your  life  is  spared,  remem- 
ber my  prophecy.'' 

He  ^vas  raised  a  Democrat,  and  when  the  war 
broke  out,  attended  the  lirst  Union  meeting 
held  on  the  Pacific  coast,  at  M(jnticello,  Wash- 
ington, of  which  he  was  chairman,  and  where 
he  took  a  strong  stand  on  the  side  of  the  main- 
tenance of  the  (Tovernment  of  the  United  States. 
U|)on  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party 
he  joined  it,  as  it  voiced  the  political  ideas 
which  he  held,  and  has  since  consistently  ad- 
hered to  it,  and  being  a  man  of  ability  in  ox- 
pressing  liis  ideas  has  been  a  leader  in  political 
affairs,  and  coi'tributed  materially  to  the  prog- 
ress of  the  party  in  his  locality  and  State. 

In  1855  lie  was  elected  to  the  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Oregon.  He  then  returned  to 
Monticello,  Washington,  where  for  three  years 
he  served  in  the  Territorial  Council  in  1859, 
1800  and  18(51.  Later,  having  distinguished 
himself  as  a  thorough  parliamentarian,  and  an 
impartial,  honorable  man,  he  was  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  council,  discharging  his  dnties  in 
that  capacity  with  entire  satisfaction  to  liis 
fellow-men.  After  his  return  to  La  Fayette, 
Oregon,  he  was,  in  1872,  elected  to  the  State 
r^eoislatnre  of  Orei;on.  He  thus  had  much  to 
do  in  organizing  the  great  commonwealths  of 
Washington  and  ( hvgon,  ami  in  furthering 
their  highest  and  best  i'lterests,  for  which  he 
has  the  gratitude  of  all  sincere  friends  and  ad- 
mirers of  these  two  colossal  members  of  the 
glorious  sisterhood  of  tstates.  Ills  name  and 
deeds  are  indelibly  engraved  on  the  great  hearts 
of  these  comnionwealtiis,  and  future  genorations 
will  read  those  records  and  ble>s  him. 

He  and  his  faithful  wife  are  worthy  members 
of   the    Kpiscopal    Church    of    Portlaml,    but 


,.  ^■^t  -,^-1   k^^-.  •-•*' 


■»gMMMgr»i»>y  mr^m^ 


UIsTiiHY     (IF     il/i/:'l,<L\\ 


ODD 


liiiving  no  chiirdi  of  that  (leiioiniimtioii  in 
La  l'\vftte,  they  attciiil  tlic  otliiM-  cliin'oli  tliero, 
to  the  8U|)jHirt  of  wliioli  they  Notli  c'(iiitri()iito, 
wliifli  is  aiiotlior  L'xainpK' yf  tlieir  interest  in  all 
^ouii  cnusi's, 

lie  is  a  prominent  nii'ini)cr  of  tlie  I'ioiioer 
Society  of  Oregon,  in  wliicli  he  has  t;ik''ii  ai; 
interest  for  many  years. 

Tims  is  every  gooil  life  an  aid  an.l  encoiirai;e- 
ment  to  otliers.  The  lif!-  jii.^t  ■econled  has, 
tiirough  its  own  natural  ability,  elevated  not 
only  itself,  but  also  all  people  and  causes  eon- 
neeted  with  it,  as  tjie  oak  sn|)ports  the  vine. 
His  influence  upon  the  atfairs  of  these  States  is 
imuieasurahle;  as  a  pohl  le  dropped  into  a  pool 
makes  circle  upon  circle  arise,  so  his  words 
liave  affected  for  the  best  the  ulfairBof  a  people, 
a  nation  and  a  world. 


UlARLES    V.    KUYKENDAl.L,   one   of 
Yam  Hill  comity's  most  prominent  farm- 
ers, was  born  in   Hampshire  county,  Vir- 
ginia, April  2,  1851. 

Tiie  Kiiykeiidalls  oriirinated  in  Germany, 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Virginia,  and 
as  far  .ts  known,  were  planters  and  Presby- 
terians. Mr.  Kuykeiidall's  father,  Luke  Kuy- 
kendall,  married  ^Miss  Eliza  Ann  "Williams,  a 
native  of  Virginia.  They  had  seven  ciiildren, 
four  of  whom  are  now  living.  In  1852  the 
family  moved  to  Indiana,  and  five  years  liter 
froiii  there  to  Illinois.  At  Danville.  Illinois, 
the  father  died  in  1858.  The  mother  is  now  a 
resident  of  Nortli  Yarn  Hill,  and  is  in  her  sixty- 
seventh  year.  Charles  V.  was  the  fifth  born  in 
this  family.  After  the  death  of  his  father  he 
returned  to  Virginia,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm. 
In  18()8,  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  came  to 
Oregon.  His  mother  had  married  Mr.  William 
Simmons,  and  the  family  came  to  Oregon  by 
way  of  the  Isthmus  route,  arriving  at  Vaiurouver 
( )ctober  25.  18(58. 

Upon  his  arrival  here,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  first  worked  by  the  day.  Then  for  two 
years  he  taught  school,  receiving  his  board  and 
$411  per  month.  We  «e.\t  find  him  in  I'olk 
county,  Oregon,  living  on  a  rented  farm,  his 
sister  Mary  keeping  house  for  him.  He  culti- 
vated this  farm,  100  acres,  for  three  year.s,  and 
met  with  good  success.  About  this  time  he 
Cftuic  to  North  Vani  Hill  on  a  visit,  and  while 


hero  hecainoacquainted  with  Miss  Eliza. I.  I>avis, 
daughter  of  TlK)mas  ('.  Davis.  (A  biogia|>hy 
of  Mr.  Davis  will  l)c<  found  elsewhere  in  this 
volume.)  .\pril  24,  1H75,  after  an  ac((iiaint- 
ance  of  three  years.  .Mr.  Kuykendall  and  Miss 
l)a\is  were  hajipily  mariied.  They  li\ed  on  the 
Davis  homestead,  conducting  farming  opera- 
tions, until  1S8(),  when  Mr.  Kuykendall  pur- 
chased th<(  land  on  which  he  now  lives.  It  had 
been  a  part  of  his  father-in-law's  donation  claim 
and  had  been  sold  off.  When  Mrs.  Kuykendall 
got  her  |)ortion  of  her  father's  estate  it  adjoined 
Mr.  Kuykendall's  purchase,  so  that  now  they 
have  208  acres  of  the  original  claim.  On  this 
property  they  have  aline  residence,  which  com- 
mands a  view  of  one  of  the  most  delightful 
portions  of  Oregon.  Mr.  Kuykendall  is  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and 
successful  farmers  in  the  State,  liaving  gained 
considerable  distinction  for  the  interest  he  has 
taken  in  the  raising  of  tine  cattle  and  horses. 

He  and  his  wife  have  had  ten  chihlren.  one 
of  whom  died  in  infancy.  The  others  are: 
Lena  iM.,  Estella  li.,  Zillali  I?.,  Lawrence  II., 
Kathleen  E.,  Jennie  P.,  Nannie  H.,  Mollie  L., 
and  Charles. 

Mr.  Kuvkendall  is  a  charter  member  of  tlie 
Farmers'  Alliance,  and  in  politics  is  a  Demo- 
crat, lie  and  his  wife  are  worthy  members  of 
the  Christian  Church. 


^4«?^-.,^* 

IIOMAS  C.  DAVIS,  deceased,  came  to 
Oregon  in  1845,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
worthy  pioneers  of  the  State. 
Mr.  Davie  was  born  in  Missouri,  October  'J, 
1821.  In  his  twenty-sixth  year  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  and  for  one  year  worked  at 
whatever  he  could  get  to  do.  When  gold  was 
discovered  in  California  ho  went  overland  to  the 
mines  at  Yreka,  met  with  success,  and  after 
about  a  year  and  a  half  returned  to  Oregon. 
Here,  on  the  2yth  of  August,  1850,  he  married 
Miss  Nancy  A.  Hines,  a  native  of  Cole  county, 
Missouri,  born  September  21.  1830.  After  his 
marriage  he  purchased  the  donation  claim  on 
the  southeast  corner  of  which  North  Yam  Ilill 
hps  since  been  built.  The  hopeful  young  couple 
liegan  wedded  life  in  a  little  log  cabin,  using  a 
dry  goods  Inix  for  a  table  and  having  \ei'y  few 
of  the  comforts  of  life.  As  the  years  rolled  by. 
prosperity  attended  his  earnest  efforts;  he  raispd 


700 


IIISTDIIY    UK    OHKWJN. 


I.  i 


H' 


:!■'■) 


'«  1  ;i 


,; 


stiic!;  ai'.il    Hi'.ilii,  mnl   ii   tint;   rcrtidcnce  U)uk   tlie 

(,ln('(!  of  liirt  liiiirilili'  ciiliiii.  lit"  (leveli>|)(<cl  hjs 
iiriri  into  one  of  tlic  Hni'st  in  this  Hcction  of  tlio 
State.  And  such  whs  tlie  liiiini)le  lifeiind  kind 
heart  of  tiiiK  pioneer  tliiit  lie  Ke<Mired  and  on- 
joyed  tlie  coiiliileiice  ami  love  of  all  his  iieigh- 
iiors  and  a  wide  cirele  of  friends.  He  was 
reared  a  Democrat,  Imt  when  the  war  hroki;  out 
he  cast  IiIh  vote  and  inlluenee  on  the  Union 
Hide. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  had  four  daiiirliters.  as 
follows:  Surah  K.,  who  was  horn  Septeinher  1, 
1851,  was  twiee  married,  and  at  lier  death, 
March  10.  ISlStl,  left  two  children;  Mary  M.. 
liorn  April  ~7.  1S53,  married  John  Harris,  and 
resides  on  a  portion  of  the  (tld  homestead;  Kliza 
.1..  horn  .Novemher  17,  1855.  is  tiie  wife  of  O. 
V.  i\uykeM<lall,  mention  of  whom  is  made  else- 
where in  this  work:  and  Isahel  H.,  horn  Sep- 
temher  15,  1858,  married  Richard  Haird,  and 
lives  on  her  portion  of  her  father's  estate.  In 
liis  will  Mr.  Davis  divided  his  property  etjnally 
amoiicf  his  four  dan^hters.  All  have  nice  resi- 
dences, are  comfortal)ly  sitnated  to  enjoy  life, 
and  they  and  their  families  are  ranked  with  the 
most  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  com- 
iiiutiity. 


+»j==- 


li^Mws®<i#H 


kll.  CLARK  SMITH,  was  horn  in  (Treemip, 
Cnmberland  comity,  Illinois.  .lanuary  KJ, 
1843.  His  father;  William  E.Smith,  was 
from  (Miio,  near  Columhus.  His  fi;randl'atlier, 
,fesse  Smith,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
i'^airfield  county,  Ohio.  The  family  have  heeii 
industrious  fanners  and  earnest  Methodists. 
Mr.  Sniith,  Sr.,  inarried  Miss  Nancy  Adams,  of 
the  same  State  and  they  have  had  ten  children, 
all  hut  oil''  of  whom  he  hrought  with  him  to 
Oregou  in  1864-.  They  selected  in  Washington 
county,  four  miles  north  of  IlillsUoro,  and  pur- 
chased a  farm.  Here  Mr.  William  K.  Smith 
resided  until  189"2,  when  he  moved  to  Hillshoro. 
His  wife  died  in  1871  and  four  of  the  nine 
children,  who  came  to  Oregon  with  them,  are 
also  dead. 

Dr.  Smith  was  the  second  son  and  was  edu- 
cated rt  Marshall  College,  Illinois  and  at  the 
State  Normal  University.  He  left  college  in 
1864  to  go  to  Oreijon,  where  he  finished  his 
literary  course,  and  from  the  Willamette  Uni- 
versity   received    his  M.  A.    degree    in    1869. 


Later  he  studied  mediciiu'  and  graduated,  in 
1879,  from  the  Te.xas  Medical  CollejiC'  in  (tal- 
veston,  Ttixas.  He  (iracticed  in  Te.xas  for 
several  years,  was  engaged  in  educational  v\'ork 
in  various  colleges  and  later  at  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Seminary  at  Salt  Sake  City.  Healso 
practiced  his  profession  in  Mexico  and  at  Fort 
Scott,  Kansas.  He  occupieil  for  a  year  the  po- 
sition of  Superintendent  of  lnstru(;tion  and 
teacher  at  the  Tule  river  inilian  reservation. 
He  was  also  pastr)r  of  the  Methodist  Church  at 
Tulare,  Tulare  City,  California,  and  then  lived 
at  Fresno,  California.  After  this  he  was 
sent  io  Central  Africa  as  a  medical  missiomiry 
under  IJishop  Taylor.  In  1886  he  retinidfrom 
Africa  and  began  the  the  practice  of  inedieiniMit 
(k)rnelius,  Wnshington  county,  Oregoji,  where 
he  has  since  resided  and  continued  his  practice. 
In  1888  he  was  elected  (bounty  Superintendent 
of  Instruction,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for 
four  years.  During  his  term  he  has  formed 
over  twenty  new  districts  and  has  introduced 
many  valuable  improvements  in  the  methods  of 
the  schools  of  the  county.  He  has  done  much 
valuable  work  and  greatly  advanced  the  school 
interests  of  the  county,  to  the  great  satisfaction 
of  all  parties  interested  in  educational  allairs. 

Dr.  Smith  was  inarried  in  1872  to  Miss 
Anina  Royal,  of  Illinois,  an  accomplished 
school  teacher.  They  had  four  children,  namely: 
William  Edward,  May  Caroline,  Jesse  Karl  and 
Grace  Adeline.  In  1885,  while  at  Melange,  in 
Central  Africa,  Mrs.  Smith  died,  and  in  1888 
Mr.  Smith  married  Miss  Regina  Stadler,  of 
F"airtnount,  Illinois. 

The  Doctor  on  coming  to  Cornelius  purchased 
a  pleasant  home,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is 
a  Republican  in  politics  and  is  widely  and  favor- 
ably known  in  Oregon  as  a  successful  phywician 
of  the  allopathic  school  and  an  enthusiast  in 
educational  affairs. 


'llOMAS  TUCKER,  of  Hillshoro,  Wash- 
"fAVi  '"i^'on  county,  (Jregin,  arrived  at  Port- 
land on  the  twenty-ninth  of  August,  1852. 
He  was  born  iti  Indiana,  on  the  twenty-third 
of  August,  1831,  and  is  the  son  of  Henry  B. 
Tucker,  of  Kentucky,  born  December  12,  1804. 
Grandfather  William  Tucker  was  from  North 
Carolina  an<i  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Ken- 
tucky, where  it  is  believed  he  was  killed  by  the 


Jifswiir   oh'  (iiih'iioy. 


701 


Indians.  The  Tnckern  were  early  Bottlern  of 
North  Carolina.  Mr.  Henry  Tncker  went  to 
Indiana  and  was  one  of  the  early  settlcrHof  that 
State,  and  married  Hlizahi^th  AleKay,  of  North 
Carolina  and  of  Scotch  aiieestry.  Her  father 
was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  They  had  six 
chi]<ireii  in  Indiana,  and  in  1852  they  crossed 
the  plains  to  ( )regon.  Mr.  Tucker,  our  subject, 
was  then  in  his  twenty-first  year.  Ills  father 
and  family  settled  on  a  donation  clain  in  AVash- 
inffton  county,  near  the  east  lino  of  the  county, 
where  he  built  a  cabin  and  began  ])ioneer  life, 
lie  lived  many  years  on  this  farm  and  is  now 
residing  with  his  son  Thomas  in  II  lUsboro,  and 
is  in  his  eighty-eighth  year.  His  wife  died 
August  1,  1881.  Our  subject  began  his  life  in 
Oregon  by  working  by  the  day  at  what  he 
could  get  to  do  and  in  183-4  he  settled  on  160 
acres  in  Washington  county,  on  which  he  built 
a  cabin  and  made  imjirovcments.  He  married 
Mary  Ann  McKay,  of  Indiana,  and  the  daughter 
of  Thomas  McKay.  They  came  over  the  tilains 
in  the  same  company.  Their  union  was  blessed 
with  five  ciildren:  Lucinda  J.,  William  ()., 
Elizabeth  and  Louisa.  The  eldest  married 
("liarles  L.  Hanson,  and  she  died  when  she  was 
thirty-one.  Elizabeth  is  now  Mrs.  U.  Cardner. 
Mr.  Tncker  resided  on  his  farm  until  1890. 
He  had  improved  itand  made  it  valuable  and  sold 
it  and  wont  to  Hillsboro,  and  purchased  a  block 
on  Main  street  since,  where  he  has  a  nice  house, 
and  amuses  himself  in  caring  for  his  grounds. 
Mr.  Tucker  has  been  since  the  early  history  of 
Oregon  an  ardent  and  active  Republican,  and 
was  outspoken  in  all  the  early  formation  days  in 
the  history  of  his  State,  and  with  others  is  enti- 
tled to  his  full  share  of  credit  for. the  growth  of 
the  State.  He  is  upright  and  honorable  and 
has  the  esteem  of  all  people.  He  is  an  honor- 
able member  of  the  ])ioneer  society.  In  1883 
500  of  tlie  pioneers  of  the  State  formed  a  party, 
chartered  a  train  and  made  an  excursion  East  to 
visit  the  homes  of  their  childhood.  Mr.  Tucker 
was  one  of  that  j)arty,  and  he  with  the  rest  of 
the  worthy  men  had  a  very  good  time. 


fO  H  N  R  A  S  T,  proprietor  of  the  Rosebnrg 
Rrewery,  was  born  in  Switzerland,  in  1838. 
In  1854  lie  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
landing  at  New  Orleans,  thence  proceeded  up  the 
Mississippi  river  to  8t.  Louis,  in  1855  went  to 

4* 


Indejiondence,  Missouri,  in  185!)  to  Shasta  \'al 
ley,  tJalifornia,  four  months  later  lu'gan  w.rk  on 
a  farm  and  in  a  sawmill  at  Scdtlsburg,  Dmighis 
county,  Oregon;  in  1S()2  assisted  in  thecrection 
of  a  mill  at(iardner,  and  in  lS(!t  came  ti>  liose 
burg.  He  formed  a  partn(>rship  with  Agotlili 
M(dil,  in  the  bri.'wery  business,  whiidi  was  es- 
tablished in  I85ti  by  Sclu>nerman  iV  Fudler. 
The  daily  capacity  is  fifteen  barrels  per  day. 
Mr.  Uast  is  also  interest(«l  in  the  lioseburg 
Roller  Mills,  the  first  («V(>r  erected  in  the  county. 
lie  was  married  in  18(5-1  to  Clara  .lones,  a  mi- 
tive  of  this  State,  and  they  have  six  children, 
viz.:  Regina.  Samuels.,  .Mamie, .lolin.  (n^rtrude 
and  Lee.  Socially,  Mr.  Rast  is  a  Mason,  and 
in  his  political  views  is  a  Democrat,  llt^  has 
served  five  years  as  a  member  of  the  City  Coun- 
cil, and  is  recognized  as  one  of  Roseburg's  most 
highly  esteemed  citi/.ens. 

fOlIN  J.  COOKE,  of  the  hardware  firm  of 
Wilson  &  Cooke,  Oregoti  City  was  born  in 
Damascus,  Clackamas  county,  Oregon,  Feb- 
ruary 29,  1859.  His  father.  W.  \V.  Cooke,  came 
to  Oregon  in  1852,  being  a  native  of  South  Car- 
olina, born  in  1823.  His  ancestors  were  early 
settlers  in  bis  native  State,  where  he  was  reared 
to  manhood  and  married  Miss  Nancy  Young,  a 
native  of  North  Carolina,  coming  from  one  of 
the  old  families  of  that  State.  After  their  mar- 
riage they  removed  to  Missouri,  whore  they  had 
five  children,  which  they  brought  with  them  in 
their  journey  across  the  plains,  in  1852.  They 
settled  on  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres  of  land  at 
Damascus,  on  whi<di  Mr.  (Jooke  built  a  cabin  and 
the  family  began  the  life  of  the  worthy  Oregon 

{lioneer.  He  improved  his  property,  made  a  fine 
arm  of  it  and  resided  on  it  until  his  death.  He 
was  an  honorable  man  and  enjoyed  the  esteem 
and  respect  of  every  one.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fratern- 
ity. His  wife  (lied  in  1872  and  he  died  three 
years  later,  in  1875.  Five  children  were  added 
to  the  family  in  Oregon,  and  of  the  entire  ten, 
seven  are  now  living:  the  daughter,  Sarah  mar- 
ried the  Rev.  Alfred  C.  Ilowlitte,  a  Methodist 
ininister,  and  resides  in  Jackson  county;  Mary 
is  the  widow  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Foster  and  resides  at 
Clackamas  station;  Mildred  became  the  wife  of 
Mr.  M.  E.  Willoughby  and  died.  August,  1891; 
William  H.,  is  a  biisjnes^  ijian  oC  Oregon  City; 


1- 


7(ia 


IllHTOIiY    Oh'    OHKdON. 


m 


Alttcrt  W.,iHii  riirniorat  I>hiiih8uiih',  •!.  >i.,  i^oiir 
i-ijlij('('t;  Alfred  ().;  hiiiI  •).  il.,  ii«  a  111:111  iifaiU- 
Nrcr  ill  till!  city  nl  rnrilaiiil. 

.) .  .1.  Oipiikt!  wan  '(liicatcd  in  tlic  |iiilili<-  kcIiooIh 
III'  liitt  iialivt^  niacd  and  IcarniMi  tlit.*  tradi*  of 
IplactiHniith,  at  \vlii(di  lie  worked  lor  livi;  yearh 
in  ()re).'oii  City.  lie  then  enj^af/ed  in  the  livery 
liiiHincKH,  with  IiIh  lirother  for  Buven  years,  niuet- 
in}»  with  nntiHl'a(rtory  biu'cl'kh,  when  he  wold  \\\s 
interest  and  piireliaM'd  Mr  (iraces'  interest  in 
tin;  linn  ol  May  iV;  (iraee,  retail  grocers,  lie  ran 
tliis  liiisiiiesH  lor  a  year  and  then  sold  it  to  iU'iit- 
ley  iV  ("aiiiplieil  and  j)iir<'liased  a  halt'  interest  in 
.Mr.  WilsonV  hardware  liiisinesh,  in  wdiieli  he  i» 
n<iw  eiif^aued,  doiiif;  a  j)ros|ieriiiis  and  reliahle 
Inisiimss  with  the  fanners  of  the  (;onitty  for 
twenty-live  niilee  alioiit.  In  addition  to  hii> 
other  interests  he  is  intt^rested  in  considerahle 
city  property  and  has  Iniilt  a  fine  residence;  has 
several  other  houses  in  the  city. 

Mr.  (!o()k(^  was  married,  Aiifrust,  1S87,  to 
.Miss  j.enora  Ileatie,  a  native  (d'  Orefjon  (Uty, 
and  the  daui.;liter  cd'  Mr.  ('.  I''.  Heatie,  who  oame 
to  ( )re;,'on  in  1S")2.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cooke  have 
one  child,  Allen  I'". 

Mr.  ('ooke  has  been  an  active  nnnnlierof  the 
City  Fire  1  )c|iartnient  tor  several  years  and  is 
now  an  exempt,  lie  has  ])assed  all  the  eliiiirs 
Ml  the  1.  (>.  ( ).  1'".  lodife,  and  is  one  of  the  re- 
liahlei  linsiness  men  and  j,'ood  citizens  of  Orefjon, 
taking  an  interest  in  everythinir  calcuhited  to 
advance  the  interests  of  the  city. 

IDWIX  C.  CROSS,  who  is  well  known  as 
a  successful  business  man  of  Salem,  is  one 
(d'  her  native  sons,  born  (Jctoher  17,  lSo9. 
Thomas  Cross,  his  father,  was  a  pioneer  of  the 
State  (d'  Oregon;  he  was  born  in  England,  April 
1,  1810,  and  emigrated  to  the  United  States 
in  1844;  he  located  in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin, 
where  lu^  remair.ed  until  185'i.  In  that  year  he 
nia<le  a  journey  across  the  (lains  with  ox  teams, 
arrivin.g  in  Salem,  Oregon,  here  he  opened  a 
meat  market,  and  carried  on  a  thriving  business 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1884.  lie 
liad  been  united  in  maniage  to  Miss  Phiina  V. 
Slateii,  a  native  of  New  York,  and  to  them  were 
born  three  children,  two  sons  and  a  daughter: 
Frank  U.,  May  P.;  anil  Edwin  (-.,  the  subject 
of  this  biographical  sketch.  He  received  his 
education  m  the  public  schools  of  Salem  and  in 


tho  WillHini'tte  University.  In  1884  he  ein- 
Imrked  in  the  meat  anil  butcher  business  in  u 
small  way,  l>ut  he  mioii  won  a  large  and  paying 
patronage.  In  l8,Sti  he  found  that  the  demands 
of  his  trade  necessitated  a  second  market,  which 
he  established  on  Court  street;  he  has  a  con- 
stantly inereasiiig  husinecs,  the  secret  of  hiit 
popularity  being  his  earnest,  honest  endeavor 
to  supply  his  customers  with  the  best  the  mar- 
ket aifords. 

Mr.  (Voss  is  A  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F., 
and  has  jiassed  all  the  chairs  id'  his  lodge. 
Politically,  ho  supports  the  iseiies  of  the  Re- 
publican party,  but  in  city  and  county  alfairs 
lie  casts  his  sutl'rage  for  the  men  best  suiteil  to 
the  offices  in  question. 

lie  was  united  in  marriage  April  14,  188(5, 
to  Miss  .lessie  IJasket,  a  native  of  Pidk  county, 
<  )rt'gon,  and  a  daughter  of  (ieorge  liasket,  who 
came  to  the  State  in  1849.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  (^ross 
are  the  parents  of  three  children,  who  were  all 
born  ill  Salem;  Curtis  B.,  Alva  E.,  and  Veida 
May. 

_. ♦^^.4:»  ^4.*rr^ 

fOllN  REVXOLDS.  M.  1).,  is  an  honored 
lesident  of  Salem,  and  one  of  her  most 
successful  physicians.  He  is  also  one  of 
the  good  men  ai  d  true  that  the  Buckeye  State 
has  sent  to  the  I'acilic  coast  to  engage  in  tho 
development  of  the  unlimited  resources,  and 
build  tlu^  commonwealths  that  have  added  luster 
to  the  alrea<ly  brilliant  gala.\y.  Or.  Reynolds 
was  born  at  Beverly,  Ohio,  October  2,  1887,  a 
eon  of  Dr.  Lloyd  Reynolds,  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania. The  father  was  reared  in  I'ittsburg, 
and  there  married  a  daughter  of  that  city,  Miss 
Elizabeth  (ilass;  they  removed  to  Beverly,  Ohio, 
where  he  practiced  his  profession  for  thirty- 
eight  years;  his  death  occurred  there  in  18()5. 
Dr.  Reynidds,  Jr.,  is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of 
nine  cliildren.  He  was  reared  and  educated 
amid  the  scenes  of  his  birth,  and  practiced  his 
profession  there  ten  years.  He  was  married  at 
Beverly,  to  Jtiss  S.  A.  Truesdell,  a  native  of 
that  place,  and  of  this  union  were  born  to  them 
four  children. 

For  some  years  previous  to  his  removal  to 
Oregon,  Dr.  lioyiiolds  had  made  a  study  of  the 
State  and  her  resources,  and  with  jiro|)hetic  eye 
saw  that  her  future  was  no  mean  one.  In  1874 
he   emigrated  to  the   Pacific  coast,  leaving   old 


lllf*rni;y    i<F    (ilihUmS. 


Tim 


aiJHouiiitiiiMs,  trii'il  I'liciuls  uml  ii  wcll-csiiililinlicil 
|iriii'tic((  lor  till'  iiiitiifil  loi'i  iiiii't*  of  :i  i'oiii|iiiru- 
lively  new  eoimtiy;  lii!  wan  iic'iniiimiiii'il  liy  lii« 
wile  anil  chilili'cii.  lie  settieil  in  Salem,  iiiiil 
iinineiiiately  entereil  ii|iiin  [iriilessiinial  work, 
iiiiil  liHH  met  witli  HiitirtfHctory  success.  He  liii<< 
invested  in  liotli  city  ami  farm  property,  ami  liin 
wide  knowledire  of  the  State  ami  natural  comii- 
tiuns  hart  emtliluil  hi  in  to  make  a  wiHu  choice  of 
lanil.  He  lias  ^iveii  especial  attention  to  horti- 
culture, and  was  ainoiij;  the  lirst  to  demoMstralo 
the  adapfahility  of  this  section  to  tile  culture  of 
French  |)riincH;  lie  has  twenty-live  acres  dcn-oted 
to  this  fruit,  and  is  increasiiiir  the  acrtm^re  every 
year.  He  also  cultivates  cherrie.s  and  Martlett 
pears,  and  the  occnpaMon  att'ords  a  needed  recre- 
ation  and  produces    protitahle  reti.nis. 

Three  of  t\w  Doctor's  children  were  horn  in 
Ohio,  and  one  is  a  native  of  Oreiron;  tiiey  are 
named  as  folio  vs:  Mary  H.,  Kate  I).,  Lloyd  T. 
and  John  W.  Kate  I),  is  the  wife  of  ",!.(). 
(ioltra,  and  resides  in  Portland.  Station  in  life 
is  not  considered  hy  Dr.  Reynolds  when  a  fel- 
low-creature is  in  (listress.  Ho  has  the  hij;hest 
res[)ect  of  his  brother  physicians,  and  the  deep- 
est gratitude  of  those  who  have  received  his 
ministration. 

fUIKiE  HA11TWP:I,L  HUliLEV,  an  emi- 
nent jurist  of  Portland,  is  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Maine,  Ijorn  September  28,  18;J9. 
His  father,  Uev.  Andrew  Kiirley,  was  horn  in 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1732.  Their  ancestors  were  of 
Scotch-Irish  descent.  '  Grand fathiM-,  Andrew 
liiirley,  came  to  America  in  an  early  day,  locat- 
ini;  in  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  accompanied  to 
this  country  hy  his  wife,  and  their  family  was 
reared  in  Nova  Scotia.  Jiidj;e  Hurley's  father 
was  a  Methodist  minister.  He  married  Jane 
Moore,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  they  re- 
moved to  Maine,  where  si.\  of  their  children 
were  born.  They  later  returned  to  Nova  Scotia, 
where  they  remained  a  few  years.  In  184(1  they 
started  with  a  horse  t(!am  from  near  Pictou, 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and  came 
West,  all  the  way  to  Tioga  county,  New  York. 
Here,  they  wintered,  and  started  the  next  spring, 
with  the  same  team,  and  drove  westward  to  the 
present  site  of  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  which  was 
then  a  new  aiid  sparsely  settled  country  in  what 
was  theti  known  as  the  Northwestern  Territory. 
Here  ten  days  after  their  arrival,  their  father 


dieil,  lielni^  the  xerond  while  man  lliat  had  dieil 
in  the  iihu'e;  and  the  mother  and  children  were 
left  alone  among  a  lew  s<>lllers  and  Imlians, 
where  they  remained  until  iMtl,  when  Ihey 
lilted  mil  a  team  ami  cros>ed  the  plains  to  I  >re 
gon.  They  spent  the  first  wint(<r  in  I'owder 
river  valley,  and  came  to  Salem  the  iie\l  fall 
and  aoon  aflt'r  crossed  the  coast  raii;.;eof  nioiint- 


to     the    I'ltcilir     Ocean 


itii     ilieir  team. 


T 


liev    lia 


I  <l 


riviMi    wi 


lb  ll 


leir    horses  across    I  he 


continent,  from   ocean    to   ocihui       The  Judge's 


inotlier  was  a  dail^rhler  ol  ilolin 


M( 


W 


t!St 


ISranch,  .Nova  Scotia,  who  received  a  j^raiit  from 
tint  Hiiglish  Clovernmeiit  of  a  laroetraci  ot  land 
at     West    Hranch,    wdiicli     comprised     several 


thousand   acres. 


11 


e   came   am 


[■tiled 


on  it. 


and  married  a  relative  id' John  II 


arris,  who  was 


the  f<i 


ounder  ot  Harnslmrg.  I  eniisylvani 


la. 


W 


The  J  udge    wi 


rtly   reared   on  a  fiiiiii   in 


isconsiii,  wliere   he  experienced    many  o 


the 


study  ot'  law  there,  and 


hardships  of   pioneer  life.      He  commenced   the 

im|]|eted  it   in  Sah'm, 

r  i)lace  he  was   adiiiitttMl 

for  a  while,  but 


Or 


•ego 


n,  at  which 


latter 


lool 


to  the  bar.      He  taught  scl 

soon  after   admission,   he  moved  to    La  I'ayette, 

the   comity  seat  of   Vain  Hill  county,  when)   he 


leiran 


tl 


(!  practtice  of  bis  prole: 


>)oii  alter 


iractice,  be  was  appointed    I)* 


oeginning  Ins   [ 

uty  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  also  held  the  otlice 

of  Hinted  Slates  C^ommissioner. 

In  1871  he  married  Miss  Mary  F.  Worden,  a 


nalive  of  PoI'<  county,  who   w 


as  a  daughter  o 


f 


Mr.    (tuilford    Wonhin.      Her    father   came    to 
this  coast  in  1849,  and   her  mother,  Mrs.  Lydia 
Worden,  in  1848.      He  was  a  relative  ot   (!oin 
modore  Worden,  who  commanded   the   Monitor 
ill  the  late  war. 

In     1874    our    siiiiject    was    elected  County 
.fudge,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  1878.     At 


le  e.\])iration 


of    his   term,  !ie  continued   his 


practice  in  La  I''ayette,  wdiicli  proved  a  lucrative 
one.      In  1890,  he  removed  to  Portland,  where 


lie    became  a   memlier  of  the   tin 


jf   Ca 


pies, 


Hurley  &  Allen,  a  leading  law  firm  of  the  city, 
ea<di  of  the  members  tieing  men  of  experience 
iind  intelligence,  and  of  su|)erior  legal  ability. 
Judge  and   Mrs.  Hurley  have    had   six  cliil- 

ity. 


dreii,  ail  born  in   La  Fayette.  Vi 


Hill 


coun 


viz:    Mabel,  lioy  II.,  Mary,  CMyde,  Clifford,  and 
Jessie. 

The  Judge  has  invested  considerably  in  real- 
estate,  being  one  of  the  founders  of  Newburg. 
He  has  platted  Hurley's  Addition  to  Newburg, 
of  which  he  still  owns  a  part. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


13  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  US80 

(716)  872-4503 


TOi 


iiisroiiY  OF  uiijiuoy. 


In  polities,  lie  is  an  aiitivt*  Re|iul)liuan.  He 
WHS  clmii'inan  of  the  Uu|,iit)liciiti  (bounty  (]i)ii- 
veiititm  nearly  ail  tli(f  tiini-  tliat  lie  resideil  in  Viini 
Hill  county,  anil  lias  albo  been  a  meinour  of  the 
State  Central  Coniniittee.  lie  is  a  prominent 
nii'inber  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  is  a  charter 
uieinherof  tlie  I'ortlantl  Consistory,  and  has  ro- 
ceivtHJ  the  thirty-seconil  viej^ree,  Scottish  rite, 
lie  anil  his  wife  arc  consistent  members  of  the 
Taylor  street  Methodist  Church. 

The  .iiiilire  has  practiced  law  for  twenty-ft)ur 
years  in  the  State,  and  has  made  an  enviatile 
reputation,  both  as  a  lawyer  and  a  citizen,  and 
is  in  every  respect  deservinj^  of  the  hij^h  regard 
in  which  he  is  universally  held.  He  was  a 
prominent  candidate  l)efore  the  Republican 
State  Coiivention  for  the  year  1892,  for  Supreme 
.ludije,  and  the  only  reason  that  he  was  not 
nominated  was  tiiat  he  was  at  tiie  time  danger- 
ously sick,  from  which  it  was  doubtful  whether 
be  would  recover. 


~^u 


'(»j=- 


K.  G.AV.GOUCIIER,  of  Amity,  Yam  Hill 
'ounty,  Oregon,  is  one  of  the  oldest  prac- 


lf  ticing  physicians  of  this  county  and  has, 
by  a  life  of  devotion  to  his  practice  and  uniform 
kindness  of  heart,  endeared  himself  to  the  peo- 
ple of  this  community. 

He  was  born  in  West  Virginia,  August  2t', 
1820,  and  is  of  French  ancestry,  who  came  t) 
the  Old  Dominion  previous  to  the  Revolutioii. 
His  father,  William  (loucher,  was  Ijoni  in 
Rockbridge  county,  Virj^'inia,  and  wi.s  a  soldier 
in  th(  war  of  1812.  He  married  Vliss  Sarah 
Casto  in  Greenbrier  county  of  the  sime  ^Ute. 
They  had  nine  children,  seven  sont  and  two 
jiaugliters,  all  of  whom  attained  matu-ity.  Two 
are  now  living,  >lames  Goucher,  of  tlaii  Fran- 
cisco, California,  and  tint  subject  of  onr  skotcli. 
In  1825  the  father  died  and  five  years  later  the 
mother  also  expired,  leaving  the  subjec'  of  our 
sketch  an  orphan  at  ten  years  of  age. 

When  lie  arrived  at  a  suitable  age  he  reaii 
medicine  with  Dr.  Cutton,  of  Marietta,  Ohio, 
and  attended  the  ("leveland  Medical  College,  at 
which  he  graduated  in  18-42.  He  began  to  prac- 
tice in  Mississippi,  where  he  remained  until 
184(1. 

Ho  then  served  in  the  Me.xican  war  under 
General  Smi  i,  as  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  par- 
ticipateil  in  the  battles  of  Monterey,  Molino, 


Del  Rey  ami  Riiena  Vista.  After  the  close  of 
the  war  he  spent  a  short  time  in  Vera  Cruz, 
when,  in  184U,  he  caino  to  California,  via  the 
Isthmus. 

He  mined  on  the  Tuolumne  river,  at  Hawk- 
ins' bar,  for  nearly  a  year,  taking  out  during 
that  time,  considerable  gold.  His  attention  was 
drawn  to  the  great  scarcity  of  jiotatoes,  which 
sold  for  fabulous  ju-ices,  and,  accordingly,  ho 
turned  his  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  the 
juicy  tuber,  planting  a  large  tract  of  land  and 
hoping  to  realize  a  fortune  from  his  crop.  Hut, 
alas,  for  men's  hopes,  others  had  conceived  of 
the  same  idea  and  {ilaniied  in  like  luanncr,  in 
consequence  of  which  the  Inarket  was  over- 
stocked and  immediately  reduced  the  price, 
causing  him  to  lose  heavily  on  his  investment. 
He  had,  however,  made  a  very  respectable 
amount  of  money,  as  he  left  with  ^34,000 

He  theil  practiced  his  profession  at  San  Jose 
and  in  Alam  ido  county,  and  while  in  the  latter 

E lace  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  county, 
eing  elected  its  first  Assessor,  and  was  elected 
and  served  as  County  Superintendent  of  Schools 
and  organized  the  first  school  districts  in  the 
county. 

In  1804  he  removed  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
Oregon,  where  he  began  to  practice  his  profes- 
sion, which  he  has  since  continued,  treating  the 
sick  and  suffering  of  rich  and  poor  alike,  all 
over  one  of  the  best  counties  of  Oregon.  Ho 
has  always  cheerfully  responded  to  any  call  of 
suffering  humanity  without  demanding  to  know 
the  pecuniary  circumstances  of  those  in  need  of 
his  experience  and  skill,  and  has  many  thousand 
dollars  owing  to  him  which  he  expects  never  to 
receive.  It  is  by  such  deeds  that  he  has  en- 
deare<l  himself  to  his  community,  among  the 
future  generations  of  which  his  name  will  be 
handed  down  as  synonymous  with  all  that  is 
linman(f  and  great  iii  love  to  his  fellow-men. 

In  1875  ho  settled  in  Amity,  where  he  pur- 
chased some  prorerty,  building  on  i*^  some 
houses,  among  which  was  a  comfortable  res- 
ilience for  himself  and  family,  which  is  sur- 
rounded with  Btt: active  grounds  ornamented 
wilh  trees  and  ♦'.owering  shrubs. 

The  Dif'tor  is  also  an  ordained  minister  of 
the  Methodist  Cl.urch  South  and  is  thus  often 
privileged  to  dispense  the  gospel,  that  great 
panacea  of  sick  souls.  He  has  thus  been  en- 
abled to  do  much  good  and  lias  brought  to  his 
work  the  enthueiasm  of  a  devout  nature  an(l 
warm  heart, 


lllsrCKY    (IF    OREaoS. 


705 


lie  Wilt  iiiiiilied  in  1*^54,  in  ("ulifcn  iiiii,  to 
MicB  Delilah  Ann  Morrison,  a  native  of  In- 
diana, and  a  daiiffliter  of  Mr.  K|iliraiin  Mor- 
rison, a  lii^lily  respeptcd  {)ioneer  of  the  Golden 
State.  Tiiey  iiave  had  six  ciiildren,  three  of 
whom  are  living.  The  eldcHt  son  was  drowned 
in  Washington  when  twenty-five  years  of  age. 
A  daughter  fell  and  received  injuries  from 
wiiich  slie  died ;  and  the  third  died  of  diphtheria. 
The  son.  El  ma  Everett,  is  now  a  practicing 
physician  at  McMinnville;  Nora  is  the  wife  of 
.Mr.  O.  Springer,  and  resides  in  Creek  City; 
Delilali  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Woodson  Madox, 
and  residcH  in  Portland.  Mrs.  (-loucher,  the 
faithful  wife  and  devoted  mother,  died  in  1875, 
leaving  her  family  and  many  friends  to  nionrn 
her  loss.  She  was  a  woman  of  edncation  and 
retinement,  and  possessed  many  amiahlo  traits 
of  character,  which  endeared  her  to  a  large  com- 
munity. 

In  1888  the  Doctor  married  Mrs.  C.  E.  Sail- 
ing, an  estimable  lady  of  this  vicinity. 

J)r.  Goucher  is  a  conservative  Democrat  in 
politics  and  is  highly  esteemed  by  his  constitu- 
ents, hy  wliom  he  has  been  elected  Coroner  of 
I'olk  county,  an  oftice  which  he  tilled  with  abil- 
ity and  to  the  entire  satisfiiction  of  all  con- 
cerned; is  now  President  of  the  Common  Coun- 
cil of  Amity. 

lie  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  in  the  welfare  of  which  he  is  deeply 
interested. 

Thus  is  brought  to  a  close  the  few  meager 
items  of  a  full  and  complete  life,  the  worth  of 
which  iiH  written  in  characters  of  gold  on  many 
grateful  hearts,  which,  thougii  they  heat  in 
silence,  beat  none  the  less  warmly  for  his  wel- 
fare and  hanpiness. 


y)N.  UOnERT  U.  LAUGIILIN,  a  repre- 
sentative citizen  of  North  Yam  Hill,  and 
an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1847,  is  a  native  of 
the'State  of  Missouri,  born  October  2;5,  1828. 
Of  his  life  and  ancestry  wo  make  the  following 
reconl: 

Samuel  Laughlin,  his  father,  was  born  in 
South  Carolina,  DeccTnber  2, 17'J1.  The  Laugh- 
line,  are  of  Irish  ancestry.  Three  brothers  emi- 
grated from  the  Emerald  Isle  to  America  in 
1050,  and  settled  in  the  South.  One  of  these 
titree  was  the  ancestor  of  our  subiect.     Grand- 


i'atlit^r  James  ],aughlin  whs  born  in  the  Sdiitli, 
there  married  a  Miss  Dalrymple.  and  hud  a 
family  of  eight  or  nine  children,  of  wliom  Samuel 
was  the  oldest.  They  emigrated  to  Kentucky, 
and  later  to  .Missouri,  where  in  1815,  Samuel 
J>aughliM  married  .Miss  Naomi  Moitow.  Iht 
continue<l  to  reside  in  Missouri  until  1847.  when 
he  and  his  family,  witli  the  excejition  of  thrive 
sons  and  a  married  daughter,  came  to  Oregon. 
Hobert  K.  spent  his  birthday,  October  23.1847, 
on  a  raft  on  his  way  down  the  Columbia  river. 
Some  of  the  company  had  the  measles.  Two 
men  belonging  to  their  [)arty  who  went  in  advance 
of  the  others,  were  overpowereil  by  the  Indians, 
had  their  guns  and  cl'^tlies  ntoleii,  and  were 
turiiod  loose  naked.  A  few  of  the  emigrants' 
animals  were  stolen,  but  aside  from  this  they 
came  through  unmolested.  They  came  direct 
to  North  Yam  Hill,  and  the  father  purchased  a 
squatter's  right  to  a  section  of  land,  located  two 
miles  and  a  half  north  of  where  the  town  is  now 
situated.  Here  ho  im|iroved  liis  farm  an<l  sptsnt 
the  rest  of  his  life.  His  death  occurred  on  the 
22d  of  ,Iunc,  1801).  Our  subject's  motiier  died 
when  he  was  two  weeks  old,  and  the  father 
married  a  second  wife.  By  each  he  had  seven 
children.  The  second  wife  died  in  Oregon  of 
consumption,  a  year  and  a  half  after  their 
arrival  here.  Samuel  l>aughlin,  although  a 
Southern  gentleman  an<i  a  Jackson  Democrat, 
detested  human  slavery,  and  when  the  Ucpubli- 
can  party  was  formed  in  Oregon  he  became  an 
active  worker  in  its  ranks,  lie  was  a  man  of 
the  highest  moral  integrity,  and  was  one  of 
Oregon's  most  honored  pioneers. 

In  the  West  at  that  time  a  broad  field  of 
action  was  atlbrded  to  the  ambitious  and  ad- 
venturous young  man,  and  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  a  participant  in  many  a  thrilling  ad- 
venture. When  the  Cayiise  war  broke  out  he 
enlisted  in  Captain  Burnett's  company,  and 
aided  in  running  the  Indians  out  of  the  State. 
During  the  gold  excitement  in  California  ho 
went  overland  to  the  milling  districts,  but  was 
taken  sick  and  came  near  dying.  After  his 
recovery  he  was  engaged  in'teaming  from  Stock- 
ton to  the  mines,  and  was  also  for  a  time  inter- 
estuil  in  the  stock  business,  driving  cattle  to  the 
mines.  In  1851  he  returned  to  Oregon,  mak- 
ing the  journey  by  water,  and  in  June  of  the 
following  year  purchased  the  Snowden  donation 
claim.  Mr.  Snowden  had  built  a  cabin  on  it  in 
1840,  and  had  sold  out  to  a  Mr.  (iates,  of  whom 
Mr.  Laughlin  made  his  purchase.     He  has  since 


700 


IlISWHY    OF   OK K) ION. 


m 


ooiitiniied  to  reside  on  \\\\&  place.  At  tii-Kt  he 
IjikI  (inly  Kin  ncio,  iiiid  I'rinu  time  to  time  iio 
has  ailJed  to  thin  until  he  had  404  lu-reii. 
lie  now  has  3:i4  acres,  Iniviiig  given  eighty 
acres  to  his  oldest  son.  As  the  country  dovel 
oped  he  liiilit  a  warehouse,  and  in  addition  to 
h-is  fiiiiiiin^'  operations  was  engaoi'd  in  Wnyinj; 
and  shipping  ifrain.  He  has  lieen  prosperous 
in  his  nndertakiiigs,  ami  is  now  in  ailluent  eir- 
cmnstaiices.  He  is  a  stockludder  in  the  Mc- 
Minnvillu  National  i'ank,  and  has  huilt  a  coui- 
modioiis  and  attractive  resilience  i>ii  his  t'arni, 
adjoineil  North  Vain  Hill. 

Novemlier  10,  lSu2,  Mr.  Lan^hlin  nnwried 
Mir-  Nancy  L.tiritlin.  They  had  two  chiliiifn: 
one  of  whom,  \V.  \Virt  i.aughlin,  now  reside> 
near  his  father;  the  other  liaving  die<l.  .Mrs. 
l,:uij^hlin  departed  this  life  March  I'.l,  l»<7vt. 
on  May  21,  IMTl,  M'-.  I.,auj;hiin  married 
Mirs  Anna  M.  Willis.  (>  their  seven  children, 
two  are  deceased,  one  dyiiij;  at  the  age  of  three 
months  and  the  other  at  eleven  years.  Those 
living  are  Clarence  ('.,  Klla  .Maml.  Chester  Wil- 
lis. Kdiia  Hell  and  Inez  Cleopatrt'. 

Mr.  I.anghlin  has  lieen  a  liepnhlican  since 
the  organization  of  that  party.  I  )nriiig  the  late 
war  he  raised  and  drilled  a  coinjiany  of  volun- 
teers, and  was  commissioned  Captain  hy  (iov- 
crnor  (tihhs.  In  ISlUi  he  was  elected  a  inein- 
herof  the  ( Iregon  Stale  I,egi>lature,  and  during 
lli^  term  of  M'rvice  it  was  his  ])rivilege  to  vote 
for  ihe  l'"ifleeiith  Amendment  to  the  (Jonstitn- 
tion  of  the  I'nited   States. 

Soon  alter  the  adjournment  of  this  I,egisla- 
tnre.  Mrs.  Laughlin's  health  heing  very  i)oor, 
Mr.  l.anghlin  started  to  the  Eastern  States  with 
her,  hut  she  hecame  worse  anil  had  to  return 
home  from  San  Francisco.  Nfr.  I.aughlin  con- 
tinmd  on  his  journey,  going  liy  way  of  I'amima, 
and  on  returning  to  his  Oregon  home  he  1 1 rough t 
witli  him  his  wife's  sister  and  t'amily,  Mrs-. 
Warner,  two  daughterii  and  a  son,  from  Kansas, 
arriving  March  !J,  iHiVl. 

Again,  in  lH7t),  Mr.  I.aughlin  went  Kast  a 
second  time,  this  time  taking  with  him  his 
Second  wife.  They  visited  many  places,  in(dud- 
iug  ('an/idn,  the  country  of  his  wife's  hirtli.  and 
spent  two  weeks  at  ihe  great  Centennial  Kxpo- 
sitinn  at  l'hila<lel|)hia.  Ileing  there  on  the 
Konrth  of  duly,  they  heard  the  new  hell  ring 
at  Indepemlence  Hall  lor  the  first  time  for  the 
new  century.  Leaving  that  city  on  the  iith  of 
July,  they  arrived  home  on  the  21st. 

Mr.  I.aughlin  has  also  served  two  years  as  a 


Jnstieu  of  the  Peace.  In  18Sfi  he  was  again 
electeti  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  re- 
elected in  ISIS8.  Dnring  the  last  term  he  served 
on  several  important  committees.  Mr.  Laugli- 
lin  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  tiie  North  Yarn 
Hill  (irange,  and  was  ALister  of  the  order  for 
three  anil  a  half  years.  He  is  also  a  niemher 
of  the  Indian  War  Veterans,  of  wdiich  Le  served 
as  Ca|)tain  ont*  year.  Mr.  Langhlin  is  a  num  of 
more  than  ordinary  intelligence  and  ahility, 
and  has  imide  a  record  in  the  history  of  his 
State,  of  which  he  has  reason  to  he   proud. 

AJ')lt  THOMAS  CllAl'tMAN,  a  pio- 
neer merchant  and  hanker  of  Oregon 
..^j^^  ("\\y,  was  Ijorn  in  England,  in  the  parish 
of  Walking,  county  Surrey,  on  the  Sth  day  of 
Septemher,  lS2'.t.  His  parents  were  Arthur 
and  iiehecca  ((iartoni  Cnarman,  lioth  English 
people.  .Mr.  Charman  was  a  large  farmer  in 
I'^igland.  They  had  fifteen  (ddldren,  of  whom 
four  are  yet  living.  The  father  died  on  the  1st 
day  of  May.  ISfSO,  aged  over  eighty-five  years. 
His  wife  survived  him  until  the  20th  day  of  No- 
vemher,  ISS7.  when  her  death  occurred.  Her 
mother  was  named  Sarah  Vanor  (iartoii.  She 
was  the  mother  of  twenty-four  children  ami 
liveil  to  he  lOti  years  old.  All  the  ancestors  of 
the  family  wereChundi  of  England  people  and 
of   the   highest  resj)ectahility. 

Major  Charman  was  educated  in  England,  hut 
came  to  New  Vork  in  1848,  when  he  hegan  liis 
husiness  career  as  cle.k  in  a  Store.  From  there 
he  went  to  Huffalo,  New  Vork,  and  was  in 
husine-^s  there  a  short  time.  In  the  latter  part  of 
the  year  184lt  he  removed  to  Centreville,  Wayne 
county,  Indiana,  where  he  had  charge  of  the 
husinessof  the  firm  of  Land  I).  Ahrain.in  which 
capacity  he  continued  until  the  tall  of  1852, 
when  he  came  to  Oregon  City.  In  1853  the 
firm  of  Charman  &  Warner  was  estahlished 
in  a  husiness  of  general  merchandising.  They 
continued  in  this  iuisiness  until  18(i5,  wdien  Mr. 
Warner  sold  his  interest  to  his  partner.  Mr. 
tlharman  me,t  with  great  success,  keening  a 
large  stock  of  everything  from  a  neclle  to  a 
threshing  machine.  He  dealt  with  a  very  largo 
circle  of  patrons  and  made  n)any  pleasant  ac- 
quaintances among  the  hest  people  of  Oregon. 
Wonderful  are  the  idianges  wiiich  have  heen 
wrought  in  the  State  of  Oregon  since  the  Major 


ri 


— WBmaatjrinwxfitii 


lUSroltY    OF    ORKOON. 


107 


tirst  ciuno  to  it.  Since  lii«  iirriviil  in  ( 'reiinn  t'ity, 
ill  185:^,  liu  liiis  eHtiihiitiiied  tiic  l)ll^illt'^s  in  wliioli 
lie  Iin8  lieoii  for  forty  yeiirs  uini  ims  iiiiuiu  ii  vw- 
oril  timt  i-fllucts  tiie  iiigliopt  <Te(lit  ii|iiin  liio 
laluiit  ami  intogi'ity.  Ili.s  oiiium  Hon,  Krcdurici; 
liu8H  Cliiiriniin,  is  now  a  ineiitijur  of  the  linn. 

Onu  uf  tliu  titiiif^s  that  Major  (Jiiarinaii  iliil, 
wiien  lio  came  to  ()rej^oii  (-ity,  was  to  purcliiise 
liie  IniBiiieiis  tiiat  tiie  IIiKlrion's  IJay  Coinpaiiy 
wad  then  doiiif.',  witli  Dr.  .lolin  McLoii^iilin,  tlie 
foiliKier  of  tiie  town  of  <  )ref;oii  ("ity.  So  liis 
liiisineB.H  if)  tlio  coiitiimance  of  tiie  jiioiieer  mer- 
cantile Iniriinesi*  of  the  State.  lie  and  Dr. 
Mcl..uuglilin  were  fiwt  friondn  and  Mr.  GharmHii 
pronounces  him  the  noblest  of  men. 

From  the  day  that  Major  Olmrniaii  Hrst  opened 
hnsiiu'Bs  in  Oregon  City,  to  the  present  time 
(Ii5it2).  he  I.iecanie  entirely  identified  with  the 
interests  of  liiri  town  and  has  heeii  most  piil)lic- 
spirited  in  iiromotiiif;  all  of  its  iinliistries  and  in- 
terests, lie  was  one  of  tiie  tirst  movers  in  es- 
tabiisliing  the  woolen  factory  of  tin' city,  now 
the  larf^est  on  the  coast,  and  also  became  a  prom- 
inent factor  in  the  development  of  the  Wil- 
lamette Falls  water  power.  Out  of  this  has 
grown  the  Willamette  Falls  Electric  (Company, 
by  wliicli  the  power  is  transniitteil  to  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  State,  now  lif^htiiii;  the  city.  In 
the  near  future  it  will  no  doubt  run  nearly  all 
the  machinery  there.  In  1882  he  was  one  of 
the  orj^anizers  of  the  Hank  of  ()re>^oii  (Mty  and 
was  elected  its  president,  which  position  he  has 
since  held.  He  has  invested  considerably  in 
lands,  having  over  2,000  acres  A  valnalile  land, 
besides  a  large  amount  of  town  property. 

On  the  27th  day  of  September,  1854,  he  was 
united  in  niarriiige  to  Miss  Sophia  Diller,  a  na- 
tive of  leaden  Hiulen  and  eaine  to  America  when 
H  child  and  was  raised  in  Louisville,  Kentucky. 
She  came  to  Oregon  with  her  father,  Joseph 
Diller,  in  1852.  Tlie  hitter  settled  at  Oorvallis, 
where  his  death  occurred  in  1889. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cliarman  have  had  five  children, 
and  all  were  born  in  Oregon  City.  All  but  two 
are  liviii::,  namely;  Frederick  Ross,  born  May 
25,  1857;  Nellie  Vaner,  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  .1. 
II.  Walker,  residing  in  Oregon  City;  and  Mary 
Jane,  a  graduate  of  St.  Helen's  Hall,  Portland. 
The  two  lost  were:  Arthur  D.,  in  his  seventh 
year;  and  Anna  Louisa,  in  her  fourteenth  year. 

Major  (Miarinan  is  I'ast  Master  of  ^lultnomah 
Lodge.  No.  1,  A.  F.  ife  A.  M.  He  Is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  has  frequently  been 
a   representative    to   the    Grand    Lodge  of  his 


State.  In  politics  his  record  is  eijually  lionor- 
able.  He  is  oiu!  of  the  few  who  met  in  llie  lirst 
liepulilican  co.iveiition  of  the  state,  and  there- 
fore has  the  honor  of  lieiiig  one  of  the  organi- 
zers of  the  great  party,  which  has  made  sucii  an 
illustrious  history  in  the  pcliiics  of  the  (Jnite<l 
States.  He  was  elected  a  delegate  of  the  Re- 
publican ciinvention  held  in  I'hihidtdphia,  but 
ho  could  nut  attend,  so  ajipointed  as  proxie  Rev. 
De  Voar.  Wliili!  the  convention  was  in  session, 
the  result  of  the  election  in  Oregon,  which  ha<l 
gone  Republican,  was  telegraphed  by  .Major 
Cliarman  to  Rev.  De  Voar  and  by  him  an- 
nounced to  the  committee.  It  caused  intense 
rejoicing  and  the  committee  voted  the  Hag  that 
floated  over  the  building  to  Mr.  Cliarman.  This 
tlacr  j.  now  at  the  Oreiroii  Slate  ca|iit(d.  sent 
there  as  a  ineniento  by    Major  (Cliarman. 

Major  ("h.irman  has  lifteii  been  honored  by 
his  own  townsmen,  lie  has  bei;ii  elected  sev- 
eral times  Mayor  of  Oregon  City,  ami  Treasurer 
of  his  county.  He  was  ajipointed  by  his  excel- 
lency. Governor  Addison  C.(iibbs,  on  the  staff 
of  Majv;r-(rener;il  Palmer  of  Fnrolled  and  Vol- 
unteer Militia  of  the  State,  witli  commission  of 
Major. 

Mr.  (Cliarman  is  the  only  survivor  of  the  four- 
teen, who  came  to  Oregon  in  his  company  in 
1852.  He  is  still  a  remarkalily  well-preserved 
gc'itleman  and  looks  as  if  he  had  scarcely  passed 
the  prime  of  life.  He  resides  with  his  family 
in  a  commodious  home  of  his  own  building,  in 
the  city  of  his  choice,  where  his  career  has  been 
one  of  success  and  honor. 

'IIOMAS  O.  BARKKR,  an  enterprising 
business  man  and  a  native  son  of  the  city 
Salem,  Oregon,  was  born  September  0, 
1852.  His  father,  William  S.  Barker,  was  a 
native  of  Massachusetts,  and  removed  from  that 
State  to  Burlington,  Iowa.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Amelia  A.  Davidson,  a  native 
of  Iowa,  whose  ancestors  were  Tennesseeans  of 
Scotch  and  German  extraction;  the  Barker  fam- 
ily is  of  Fnglish  and  French  origin.  William  S. 
Barker  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1847, 
anil  located  at  Salem,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
fundture  business;  he  was  the  pioneer  dealer 
in  the  city,  and  met  with  satisfactory  success. 
He  has  had  five  children,  all  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing.    Thomas  O.  was  the  second  born,     ilu  at- 


lirsrOHY    OF    OREGON . 


Pll 


I'- 


tuiidud  tliu  citininoii  Bcliuulii  of  the  city,  ami  wiis 
nUo  u  stiitlfiit  at  the  Uiiivci'iiity.  When  he  hud 
tiiiisheil  liis  studies  he  U-arncd  tlie  painters' 
trade  wiiicii  he  followed  twenty  years,  the  latter 
part  QJ'  this  period  heini^  devoted  almost  exclu- 
sively to  carriage  paintiii;;. 

In  isSMt.  when  the  Willamette  lM\cstnient 
('onipany  was  I'oi-nieil,  he  heraine  an  active  ineni- 
her  and  one  of  the  managers,  It.  1'.  Hoise,  .Ir., 
liein>;  his  associate  in  this  position.  Their  otiice 
is  'J7(l  Commercial  street,  Salem,  Orefroii.  and 
they  transact  a  real-estate,  investment,  insur- 
ance and  passenger-ticket  husiness;  they  repre- 
reijent  tiie  .Sdrtiiern  Insurance  Company  of  Lon- 
ilon.  the  ()aklaiid  Home  of  CJalifornia,  the 
lIaniiiurir-Ma:;iIel)Mrj;  of  llamtmrg,  tl.e  Scottisii 
Union  and  Natiomil.  the (ierman- American  of 
New  York  and  several  first-class  corporations; 
in  their  ticket  airency  they  represent  the  Union 
I'acific  Railroad  Company.  They  are  husiness 
men  of  superior  <)iialitications,  of  the  highest 
iionor  aii<l  integrity. 

Mr.  I'.arker  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().().  F.  in 
all  its  liranches,  and  represented  the  (irand 
r.odgeof  <  )reifon  in  the  Sovereign  (irand  Lodge 
of  the  United  States  eight  consecutive   times. 


f< » \  AT  1 1 A  N  W  A  SS( )  M,  an  <  )regon  pioneer 
of  ISKi,  was  liorn  in  Sullivan  county,  Ten- 
nessee, in  lS2o.  His  parents.  Jonathan  and 
!Mary  (Heeler)  Wassom,  were  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, who  removed  to  Tennessee  and  resided 
until  l"S35,  then  located  in  Hancock  county, 
Illinois.  From  there  they  went  to  Des  Moines 
county.  Iowa,  in  IS4-1.  Here  they  farmed  and 
reclaimecl  the  land  from  its  original  wildness, 
an<l  developed  a  comfortalile  home.  Through 
this  frontier  life,  with  its  many  changes,  the 
education  of  our  hero  was  limited  anci  discon- 
iiectLMl.  He  remained  with  his  jparents  until 
iMarcli.  18fO,  when  he  j'  iiied  his  lirother-in-law, 
H.  S.  liuckhardt,  tiirnishing  one  yoke  of  cattle 
to  the  necessary  ttam,  and  with  him  started 
across  the  plains  to  <>iegon.  The  train  num- 
hcrcd  alpoMi  IdO  waj^ons  and  aliout  400  peojilc, 
with  1.000  head  of  cattle,  in  charge  of  Captain 
Newton  Smith.  Owing  to  the  large  train  and 
slow  jirogress  the  train  divided,  and  Mr.  Hu('k- 
hardt.  with  forty  peoi)le  and  twelve  wagons, 
slrnck  out  alone  an<I  proceeded  without  trouhle 
or   particular   incident,    landing    safely   at    the 


mission  of    Dr.   Whitman,   where    they  passed 
the  winter.   Mr.  Wassom  and  a  few  coiiipaiiioiiB 
then  secured  pack  animals  and  continued  their 
journey,  landing  at  Oregon    V,\Xy   Octoher  '2ti, 
184t!.    He  then  went  to  Tualatin  plains  ami    se- 
cured  work    with   the    missionary,    Dr.  (Jritlin, 
at  >ii;JO   per   month,  wages  to  l>u   taken   out  in 
stock  and  grain,  there  heing  no   money  in   the 
country.      He  worked  but   one    month,  as  the 
weather   was  so  stormy,  ami  in  payment  lie  re- 
ceived a  sow  shoot,  which    Dr.  (iritfin  agreed  to 
keep  during  the  winter.  Mr.  Wassom  assumitii^; 
all  risk.      He  then  looked  around  for  other  em- 
ployment, but  the  weather  continued  so  stormy 
that   he   returned   to   Oregon  City,  anil   with  a 
tew  friends  reiiteil  a  small  cabin  and  kept  house 
by    thems(dve8    through    the    winter,    securing 
such  employnient  as  could  be  procured  in  that 
town,      in  February,  1847,  they  rolled  u])  their 
blankets  and   started    for   Linn  county,  wading 
and  swimming   streams,  as    circumstances  re- 
(juired,  constantly  wet  and  glad  at  night  to  find 
even  an  em|)ty  caliin  for  shelter.    They  traveled 
through  the  valley  in  this  manner,  prr)sj)ecting 
for  future  settlement,  and  then  returned  to  Ore- 
gon City  and  secured  employment  in   the  old 
saw  mill   until  June,  when  Mr.  IJuckhardt  ar- 
rived and  together  they  went  to   l..inn  county 
and  located  four  miles  tiorth  of  Lebanon,  t!\ch 
taking  (140  acres  of  land,  and  our  subject  being 
unmarried  took  a  partner  to  hohl  a  full  section 
under  the   ilon.ition  act.     They    built  their  log 
cabins  and   commenced   farming,    but  with  the 
California  gold  excitem««nt  of  184S  Mr.  Wassom 
started  with    a  party    for   the    mines,  packing 
across  the  mountains.   He  was  attacked  by  chills 
and  fever,  and  lay  for  some  time  almost  pros- 
trated with  them  in  San  Francisco,  where  he  had 
srone  when  he  found   that  he   was  of  no  use  at 
the  mines.      At  last,  through   the   interposition 
of  a  friend,  lie  secured  passage  on  a  sailing  ves- 
,   sel  and  returned    to  Oregon.     Arrivitig  at  the 
j   camj)  called  Portland,  he    proceeded  to  Oregon 
I   City  by  small  boat,  and    was   there   met  by  his 
brother-in-law  and  taken  home,  arriving  in  the 
j   s])ring  of  1849.      He  settled  upon  his  claim  un- 
I   til  1857,  when  he  traded  320  acres  of  his  tim- 
ber land   for  an   equal   ajnount  of  prairie  land 
near  by,  and   he  then    followed   farming  until 
18t)().  when    through  the  death  of  .Morgan  Kees, 
his   brother-in-law.  Mr.  Wassom  removed  to  his 
ranch,    nearer    Lebanon,    thus    securing  school 
iirivileges    for   his  children.     He  subsequently 
purchased  the  property  and  there  he  still  resides 


tifaTonr  of  ouewin. 


'M 


Imving  built  !i  iiiorc^  spacious  uiitl  coinfoi'tiililc 
lumse  ill  18.SII.  Mr.  Wariiom  titill  owns  liis 
prairie  home  of  320  acres  and  about  150  acres 
adjoiniiif^  tlie  town  of  Lolianon. 

lie  was  married  in  1851  to  Utitii  E.  Kees, 
daiif»hti'r  of  .Facob  Kees,  deceased.  Tiiey  have 
tiireo  ciiiMren,  wlio  lived  to  mature  years:  ]\[ary 
E.,  now  Mrs.  (!.  V.  Moist;  Joseph  and  Nforgiin, 
the  latter  two  living  at  homo. 

Mr.  Wassom  is  a  member  of  F.  &  A.  i[.,and 
has  served  one  term  in  the  State  Legislature, 
having  been  elected  upon  the  Republican  ticket 
in  1874.  lie  is  a  man  of  strong  and  decided 
characteristics,  kind  and  genial  diR|)osition,  hon- 
ored and  beloved  by  all  who  know  him. 


II.  LUELLIXG,  an  honored  Oregoli 
pioneer  of  1852,  who,  by  his  thrift  and 
k*  good  citizenship,  has  materially  con- 
tributed to  the  welfare  of  Troutdale,  was  born 
in  Wells  county,  Indiana,  March  20, 1848.  ills 
parents  were  John  and  Sarah  (Douglass)  Luell- 
ing,  the  former,  like  his  son,  a  native  of  Indi- 
ana, where  he  w>\s  born  Angnst  7,  1813;  and 
the  latter  a  nativdof  PennsylvaniH.  The  general 
exodns  to  the  extreme  West,  which  had  been 
increasing  from  year  to  year,  was  swelled  in 
1852  by  Mr.  John  Luelling  and  family,  who 
wended  their  way  lalwriously  over  the  plains  in 
the  same  manner  as  thousands  of  others,  ex- 
periencing the  usual  vicissitudes  of  fortune.  In 
due  time,  Noveinber  7,  1852,  they  arrived  at 
their  destination  in  Oregon,  and  on  the  22d 
day  of  February,  1853,  the  father  filed  a  dona- 
tion claim  on  320  acres,  situated  about  one  tnile 
and  a  half  south  of  the  present  Hc;irishing  town 
of  Troutdale,  in  what  is  now  ki.own  as  Powell's 
valley.  His  claim  was  the  second  liled  on  land 
in  that  valley,  which  was  then  nnsurveyed  and 
but  little  known  to  white  settlers.  The  father 
at  once  began  to  clear  Ins  farm,  and  on  the  22d 
of  February  of  tiie  following  year  removed  his 
family  to  their  new  home  in  this  fertile  valley. 
Here  they  resided  until  1871,  when  the  father 
removed  to  Mori-^w  county,  where  he  now  lives, 
and  is  promirently  interested  in  live-stock 
growing.  Tht  family  were  called  upon  to 
mourn  the  lost  of  the  devoted  wife  and  mother 
January  5,  1881,  whose  care  and  economy 
had  materially  contributed  to  her  husband's 
prosjierity,  and  whose  influence  for  good  still 


exists  in  tiio  hearts  of  her  Burviving  children. 
This  worthy  couple  were  the  parents  of  eight 
children,  of  wiiom  the  sui)ject  of  this  sketch  was 
the  oiliest. 

Mr.  Luelling  of  this  biography  was  reared  to 
farm  life,  attending  such  schools  as  the  country 
alforded.  lie  has  since  followed  various  occu- 
pations, such  as  carpentering,  engineering,  and 
similar  trades,  being  a  natural  machinist.  His 
j)rincipal  occupation  for  some  time  has  been 
that  of  lumbering,  in  which  he  has  been  grati- 
fyingly  successful.  He  also  owns  valuable  farm 
]>roperty  in  Clackamas  caunty,  and  desirable 
city  ]iroperty  in  Troutdale.  Thus  by  perse- 
verance and  economy,  he  has  accumulated  a 
competence  for  himself  and  family,  and  now 
justly  ranks  among  the  substantial  residents  of 
the  valley. 

Mr.  Luelling  has  been  twice  married.  He 
was  married  February  13,  1871,  to  Miss  Mary 
A.  Miller,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  they  had  two 
chililren:  Matilda  and  Sarah,  the  former  of 
whom  is  now  the  wife  of  James  Hilliard.  of 
Olackamas  county,  and  the  latter  is  the  wife  of 
William  (^astersoii.  Mr.  Luelling  was  bereavetl 
of  his  wife  by  death,  and  on  November  14, 
1892,  married  Mrs.  Matilda  Edwards,  an  estim- 
able widow,  who  has  one  daughter,  Sarah,  by  a 
former  marriage. 

Politically,  Mr.  Luelling  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat, and  is  actively  identified  with  the  State 
Alliance. 

In  the  various  relations  of  husband,  father, 
business  man  and  cititzen,  Mr.  Luelling  has 
gained  the  deepest  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


-*«< 


*^^Kt«{^^f*=l^' 


•ALTER  MONTEITK,  deceased,  one  of 
the  oldest  settlers  of  this  connty,  and  a 
highly  esteemed  citizen  of  Albany,  Ore- 
gon, was  born  in  Fulton  county,  New  York,  on 
January  10,  1816.  His  boyhood  was  passed 
there,  and  his  early  education  received  in  that 
vicinity.     He  subsequently  removed   with  his 

fiarents  to  Wilmington,  Illinois,  where  he  fol- 
owed  the  occupation  of  farming.  In  March, 
1847,  accompanied  by  his  brothers,  Thomas  and 
Samuel  Althouse,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon. They  traveled  with  ox  teams,  and  experi- 
enced the  usual  hardships  and  discomforts  of 
that  sl6w,  tedious  journey.  Arriving  at  Willam- 
ette   valley,    the   Monteith    brothers  proceeded 


710 


UjyWJiY    UF    UltEHOH. 


ftt  oiicu  to  I.iim  county,  wliun;  tliey  ptirclmsed 
tliu  riiflit  of  II.  N.  SmumI  to  H'20  iicrt-w,  lociitcd 
(in  the  banks  of  tiu>  Williutifttu  nvcr.  J'lu'y 
were  xtriiek  willi  the  situation,  which  wuh  pe- 
culiarly lulaptetl  to  tlu>  neetls  of  a  town,  and  Im- 
iiif^  youtio  men  of  unusual  energy  and  enter- 
]>rii*i',  they  located  a  town  site  Inire  in  the  spring 
of  1S4M,  by  purveying  sixty  acres  on  the  river, 
and  called  it  Alliaiiy,  in  retnenibrance  of  the 
capital  of  their  native  Stati;.  The  winter  of  that 
year  and  the  next.  lS4!i,  were  passed  at  the 
California  mines,  iiieL'ting  with  considerahh* 
succi'ss.  Ill  the  s|)rino;  of  1^49  they  returned 
to  Oregon  and  erected  on  their  town  site  the 
tirst  house  of  the  city,  which  still  stands  on  the 
corner  of  Second  and  Washington  streets,  hs  a 
iiionunient  of  pioneer  enterprise.  Here  they 
opeiieil  a  small  store,  which  was  operated 
jointly  for  about  twelve  years,  and  continued  by 
'J'lioinas  for  several  yt'ars  after  that.  In  1!S52 
they  erected  the  tirst  tlour  mill  on  the  ('alaponya 
river,  which  was  operated  successfully  for  many 
years. 

Walter  Monteith  was  married  in  Albany,  in 
1855,  to  Miss  Margaret  A.  Smith,  daughter  of 
John  Smith,  who  emigrated  to  Oregon  in  1853. 

Our  subject  was  interested  in  the  develop- 
ment of  his  loster  city,  spending  time  and 
money,  and  toiling  early  ami  late,  to  promote 
her  welfare.  lie  was  spared  to  realize  the  ful- 
fillment of  his  fondest  desires,  for  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  the  city  had  outgrown  its  embry- 
onic state  and  assumed  the  appearance  and  sub- 
stai.tiality  of  an  American  metropolis,  lie 
died  on  June  11,  1870,  to  the  regret  of  many 
friends,  and  the  sorrow  of  a  widow  and  three 
children.  His  children,  all  .sons,  are:  Duncan 
15.,  Charles  and  Malcolm.  The  two  latter  are 
engaged  in  mercantile  purstiits  at  Spokane 
Falls.  Duncan  i^,  the  oldest,  remains  in  Al- 
bany to  look  after  the  estate.  Duncan  was  born 
in  the  city  of  his  residence  in  185t),  and  was 
educated  at  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institute  and 
at  the  Pacific  Utisiness  College  in  San  Francisco. 
He  returned  from  the  latter  city  in  1878,  and 
orgaiiize<l  tin'  firm  of  Scott  t^:  Monteith,  engag- 
ing in  the  sale  of  sportmen's  goods.  In  1880 
he  sold  his  interest  in  this  enterprise  and  formed 
a  jiartnership  with  ().  A.  C!urran  and  J.  II. 
Mnllan  in  the  sale  of  the  Curran  fruit  dryers,  in 
which  he  continued  for  five  years,  when  the  firm 
engaged  in  the  real-estate  business,  in  which 
they  have  since  continued,  conducting  a  general 
Bale  of  city  lots  and  farm  property. 


Mr.  Monteith  was  married  in  l'ortlaii<l  in 
1879,  to  Miss  lina  II.  Story,  a  native  of  Oregon, 
and  a  daughter  of  Silas  It.  Story,  one  of  the 
earliest  pioneers.  They  have  two  children: 
Charles  I),  and  Margaret  S. 

Mr.  Monteith  was  born  to  large  property  in- 
terests in  the  estate  of  his  fatiier,  but  he  also 
luis  inherited  much  of  his  father's  eiu'rgy  and 
enterprise,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  \w  would  have 
arrived  at  a  similar  position,  if  he  had  been  left 
unprovided  for;  still  who  ever  grumbled  at  good 
fiu'tiiiie,  or  felt  anything  but  pleasure  at  bask- 
ing in  her  smilei  Certainly  not  our  subject, 
who  is  endowed  by  natural  abilities  and  pro- 
vided by  education  with  the  capabilities  for  its 
enjoyment  and  best  uses. 


-•-^>:^<;hi^-€ 


ILLIAM  PFCNDKU.  is  the  founder  of 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  reputable 
,  _^.,  drug  houses  of  the  city  of  Portland,  lie 
was  born  in  Mullheim.  Haden,  (rermany,  April 
17,  1840,  where  his  ancestors  had  lived  for 
generations,  and  were  pivminently  connected 
with  the  Government  in  the  mail  service  de- 
partment, lie  receiveil  his  elementary  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  Haden,  and  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  years,  was  taken  by  his  uncle,  William 
(iebhard,  a  distinguished  chemist  and  druggist 
at  Aran;  after  three  years  of  study  and  practice, 
and  a  year  at  Ha.sel,  he  was  graduated  in  1857. 
Mr.  I'funder  then  followed  tlie  jirofession  in 
various  localities  for  seven  years,  continuing  his 
investigations  ami  practice.  Kmigrating  to 
America,  in  18t)4,  he  fotmd  in  New  York  city 
employment  with  representative  houses  of  the 
metropolis,  in  18(!'J  he  pushed  on  to  the  Pacific 
coast  on  account  of  rheninatic  troubles,  and 
after  testing  the  climatic  nieritu  of  Los  Angeles 
and  San  Francisco,  Mr.  i'funder  came  to  Port- 
land, and  for  three  years  was  employed  in  the 
pioneer  drug  store  of  Charles  Woodward,  where 
he  became  thoroughly  familiar  with  American 
customs  and  business  methods. 

In  October  following  the  conflagration  of 
1873  Mr.  Pfunder  began  business  by  opening 
a  drug  store  on  the  corner  of  First  and  Oak 
streets,  which  for  two  years  lie  conducted  very 
successfully.  Increasing  patronage  demanded 
improved  facilities,  so  he  purchased  the  stock 
and  good-v/ill  of  Smith  it  Davis,  and  removed 
to  the  corner  of  First  and  Ash  streets,  where  ho 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


711 


reiiiiiiiitMl  until  June,  1890.    Tliis  tlititrict  lifinff 
frfiidimlly  jriviMi  over  to  wluileBalt'  lionsui*,  Mr. 
I'l'mitliT  SLH'nrud  lii^  nri'Sent  spiicioiiBcjimi'tcrB  in 
tiic    Worc't'Htur    nioi'k    wiiicli    are    iiandsoniely 
fitted  n|»  in  the  latest  and  niortt  ajipioved    style. 
lie  has  devoted    iiincli    time    to    the    study    of 
cheinistry  and  liotaiiy.  and  in  the  herlm  of  Ore- 
gon  ho    has  diseovered  many  life  jrivinj;  and 
life  sustaining    properties.      In    1879    he    suu- 
ueeded   in  conipoiindin<r  a    medicine,  which  is 
used  as   a   hlood    purifier;  the   results  were  so 
satisfactory  that  he  patented  the  medicine,  now 
nianuhictured  in   larj^e  (juantities  and   told   on 
the  market  as  I'f'under's  Oregon  Hlood  Purifier. 
His  cough  balsam,  asthma  cure,  iron  hitters  anil 
ai;ue  mi.\ture   have  also  gained  wide  popularity. 
He  also    manufactures   nuirlde  soda-water  ap- 
paratus and  Oregon   fruit  syri;;>s,  whii'h    have 
gained  favor  for  their  purity  aod  natural  flavors. 
Mr.    rfunder   was   nnirried   in  187li,  to  Miss 
Julia  Weiser.  a  native  of  the  (iolden  State,  and 
of  this  union  one  (diild   has   lieen   horn,   named 
Marie  Julian;  the  family  reside  at  the  corner  of 
Sixth  and  Couch  streets.     Mr.    Pfunder  is  the 
owner    of  the    Depot   Hotel,  and   in    1870    he 
bought  R  farm  of  1(50  acres  in  Columbia  county, 
valuable  as   timbcrland,  and  there  discovered  a 
mineral  from  which  an  excellent  lire-proof  paint 
may  he  manufactured;  he  owns  eighty  acres  on 
Hood   river,  and   tine  city  property  at  Spokane, 
Olympia  and  Taconia;  he  also  has  mining  in- 
terests  at    Dominion    Hill    and    in    Okanogan 
county.     He  is  a  member  of  the    blue    lodge, 
chapter  and  Scottish-rite  degree  of  Masonry,  and 
of  the  (Jrami  Encampment,  J.  ().  O.    F. ;   he   is 
al.so  connected  with  the  A.  O.   U.   W.      He  is 
vice-president  of  the  (ierman  hospital,  and  is  a 
memlier  of   the   American   and   Oregon    I'har- 
maceutieal  societies,  and  many  other  charitable 
and  philanthropic  organizations. 


»iON.  STEPHEN  FOWLEKCHADWICK. 

ex-Governor  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  has 
been  prominently  connected  with  her  po- 
litical history  since  1851.  It  is  therefore  fitting 
that  a  personal  sketch  of  him  he  printed  in  this 
volume.  He  is  of  English  and  Scotch  ancestry, 
born  in  Middlotown,  Connecticut,  December  25, 
1825.  His  legal  education  was  obtained  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  and  there  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  New   York  Supreme  Court.     In 


18ol  he  came  to  the  I'acitie  coast,  making  the 
trip  via  the  Isthmus;  Surveyor-(Teneral,  the 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory,  Z.  Moody,  since 
then  (iovernor  id' ( Ircgoii,  and  Hon.  Samuel  U. 
Thurston,  a  member  of  Congress  from  the  Ter- 
ritory, were  among  his  fellow  travelers;  Mr. 
Thurston  <lietl  lud'ore  the  journey  was  completed 
and  was  buried  at  Acapuico,  and  afterward  was 
removed  to  Oregon.  When  Mr.  Chadwick  ar- 
rived in  the  Territory  there  were  few  settlers, 
and  southern  and  eastern  Oregon,  now  so  pros- 
perous. Were  regarded  as  only  tit  for  the  hostile 
Indians,  who  oft  waged  warlare  with  the  brave 
and  sturdy  pioneers.  Governor  Chadwick  began 
the  ju'actice  of  his  profession  at  Scottslmrg,  and 
was  the  tiret  Postmaster  of  the  place;  he  after- 
ward removed  to  Roseburg.  and  was  the  first 
Judge  of  Douglas  county;  later  ho  acted  as  Pros- 
ecuting Attorney  and  Deputy  United  Spates 
District  Attorney,  and  he  also  represented  the 
county  in  the  Constitutiomil  Convention  of  Ore- 
gon. In  1804  and  18()8  he  was  Presidential 
Elector,  and  in  1808  carried  the  vote  of  Oregon 
to  the  Electoral  (College  at  Washington;  this 
vote  was  cast  for  Horatio  Seymour. 

1870  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  State,  and 
after  a  term  of  four  years,  was  re-elected  by  a 
very  flattering  majority.  In  1876,  by  virtue  of 
Governor  G rover's  being  elected  a  member  of 
the  United  States  Senate,  Secretary  of  State 
Chadwick  became  Governor  of  the  State,  in 
which  capacity  ho  rendered  verv  etiicient  service 
for  two  years.  During  his  term  of  office,  in 
1878,  the  Indians  arose  in  a  most  threatening 
manner  in  easiorn  Oregon,  cansing  great  ex- 
citement and  filling  the  settlers  with  consterna- 
tion. Governor  Chadwick  went  in,  person  to 
the  front  and  made  every  possible  effort  to  fur- 
nish the  people  with  arms  for  defense;  the  out-  . 
break  was  speedily  checked,  and  the  subsequent 
proceedings  provetl  the  Governor's  wisdom.  lie 
demanded  of  the  chief's  of  the  friendly  tribes  that 
the  Indians,  who  instigated  the  insurrection 
should  be  tried  and  punished  by  the  State;  after 
soin'j  ODJection  by  the  military  authorities,  the 
demand  was  granted,  the  naires  of  the  Indians 
were  given,  tliey  were  arrested,  tried,  and  nine 
were  hnng.  A  similiar  outbreak  has  not  oc- 
curred, proving  the  fact  that  individual  respon- 
sibility is  a  check  upon  lawlessness. 

Upon  the  close  of  the  Governor's  term  of  of- 
fice he  sent  a  most  comprehensive  message  to 
the  Assembly,  showing  his  wide  information 
ai\d  deep  interest  in  the    State  and  her  future 


"T^ 


fu 


nisroKY  oh'  uunooN. 


r  ! !' 


j)r()8|)t>rity.  Iln  tliuii  rcsiiiiicd  hi-  practice,  iirxl 
liiis  sine(.'  Iiecii  Imsily  cii^aj^cd  witii  le<fal  work. 
lie  WHS  oMf  ot'tlie  orijjiiial  ilircctors  of  tiic  corii- 
jiHiiy  ('iii.;ai^e(l  in  what  is  now  tiic  luiiidiiij^  of 
the  South  I'acitic  railroati,  ami  was  eoiitinueil 
ill  olli<'('  at  (liU'ei'eiit  perioiii'  twelve  years;  the 
eiiterjirise  was  iiiidertakt'ii  in   IStJfi. 

(ioveriior  Ciiadwick  watt  united  in  iimrringe 
in  1855,  to  MisH  .liino  A.  Sinitii,  a  daiij,'hter  of 
Jiid;,'e  Uichard  Smith  formerly  of  Vii-i,'iiiia,  and 
to  them  have  heon  horn  two  daii;,'hter.s  and  two 
sons:  Steiiiien  .1.  is  a  prominent  hiwyer  and  the 
present  Mayor  of  the  city  of  Colfax,  Washing- 
ton ;  he  married  Miss  Kmnia  rinmmer,  daughter 
of  Dr.  ().  1".  S.  I'luinmer  of  I'ortland,  Oregon: 
Klla  I',  is  the  wife  of  William  T.  (iray,  a  son  of 
the  Hon.  (Jeorge  W.  (iray  of  Salem;  Mary  and 
1'.  V.  are  the  other  two  children.  The  (tovernor 
is  a  Scottish- Kite  Mason  of  the  Thirty-thinl  de- 
^rei!,  and  has  the  honor  of  heing  (Jrand  Master 
of  the  (irand  Lodge  of  the  State,  and  has  for 
tweiity-tive  years  heen  Cliairinan  of  the  ('oinniit- 
teo  on  Foreign  (,'orrespondence  of  the  (irand 
Lodge  of  Masons  of  Orej^on;  he  has  filled  every 
otlice  of  the  (irand  Lodj/eof  the  State,  and  is  the 
(irand  liepresentati\- ;  of  the  (irand  Lodi^e  of 
Louisiana  and  Missouri.  As  a  speaker  he  is  a 
man  of  no  ordinary  ahility,  and  at  the  laying  of 
the  corner  stone  of  tiie  State  (!apitol  in  1873,  he 
delivered  an  address  tlnit  received  the  hiifliest 
jiraise;  he  was  also  the  principal  speaker  at  the 
reunion  of  pioneers  of  IST-l,  his  efforts  heing 
one  of  unusual  merit.  The  iliscourse  was  pub- 
lished and  largely  circulated.  In  social  life  he 
is  a  man  of  genial,  kindly  disposition,  and  has  a 
host  of  the  warmest  friends.  He  is  a  loyal  pa- 
triotic citizen,  and  would  cheerfully  make  any 
personal  sacrifice  to  advance  the  interests  of  the 
'  State  of  his  adoption. 


fA  ^r  E  S  ().  W  U  1  T  S  M  A  N,  secretary  and 
manager  of  the  Farmers  and  Merchants' 
Fire  Insurance  Company,  of  Albany,  Ore- 
gon, was  born  in  Andrew  county,  near  St. 
Joseph,  Missouri,  in  IS-lfj.  His  parents,  Fran- 
cis and  Liicinda  (Officer)  Writsinan,  were 
natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee, 
resi)ectively.  In  1838  they  settled  in  .Missouri 
anil  followed  farming  pursuits  until  1847.  That 
year  they  sold  the  ranch,  procured  suitable  out- 
fit,  and  the  whole  family,  comprising  .Mr.  and 


Mrs.  Writhinan  and  their  eight  children,  set 
forth  on  the  long  journey  across  the  j)lains. 
They  had  two  wagons  drawn  by  ox  teams,  and 
after  six  months  of  weary  travel  landed  in 
Marion  county,  Oregon,  in  St^ptember,  1817. 
Mr.  Writsinan  brought  a  numbernf  mares  with 
him,  and  to  Mrs.  Writsinan  belongs  tho  dis- 
tinction of  having  brought  the  first  pair  of 
geese  that  were  ever  in  this  State.  That  same 
fall  they  lociated  upon  Soaj)  Creek  in  Hen  ton 
county,  ten  miles  north  of  Corvallis.  |)iiying 
I 'avid  Stump  iiiiliOO  for  his  possessory  right  to 
<i4()  acres,  which  he  had  slightly  improved  and 
on  which  he  had  erected  a  sniftll  cabin.  There 
Mr.  Writsinan  eiigage<l  in  farming  and  the 
raising  (jf  horses  and  cattle,  which  he  continued 
until  his  death.  He  died  in  1877,  at  the  ago 
of  seventy-six  years.  Mrs.  Writsinan  is  still 
living  on  the  old  homestead,  having  reached  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-one  years. 

James  O.  was  educated  at  the  Agricultural 
('ollege  atCorvallis,  and  his  life  has  ()een  largely 
devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits.  lie  remained 
at  home  until  18T(I.  That  year  ho  and  his 
brother,  John,  bought  a  band  of  cattle,  which 
they  drove  t(j  Wasco  county,  eastern  Oregon, 
where  John  owned  lt)0  acres  of  land,  the  sur- 
rounding country  offering  free  grazing.  They 
followed  tlie  stock  business  for  twelve  years, 
passing  their  time  between  the  ranch  in  Honton 
county  and  eastern  Oregon,  as  circumstanecs 
required.  Upon  tho  death  of  their  father  in 
1877,  they  jointly  purchased  the  interest  of  tho 
several  heirs,  and  still  hold  tho  honiestead  un- 
divided, having  previously  added  thereto  to  tho 
amount  of  1,300  acres.  After  selling  their 
stock  intere.-its  in  eastern  Oregon  in  1883,  tho 
subject  of  our  sketch  returned  to  the  ranch  in 
I'enton  county,  and  remained  there  until  May, 
1885.  when  he  leased  his  interest  in  the  prop- 
erty and  removed  to  Albany.  Ho  invested  in 
considerable  property  here,  and  in  1887  formed 
a  partnership  with  ilessrs.  H.  F.  and  .Mark  IIul- 
bert,  and  engaged  in  the  real-estate  business, 
<lealing  in  farming,  fruit  and  timber  lands  in 
the  Willamette  valley.  In  this  business  he  ie 
still  engaged.  In  1887  he  was  one  of  the  or- 
ganizers of  the  Farmers  and  Merchants'  Fire 
Insurance  Company,  of  which  ho  was  elected  a 
director.  In  September,  1800,  he  was  made 
secretary  and  manager.  Under  previous  man- 
agement  ami  an  efibrt  to  secure  eastern  busi- 
ness the  company  suffered  materailly,  but  un- 
der the  management  of  Mr.  Writsinan,  and  th^ 


--I.H  r 


Ultimiit     OF    OltKIIOX. 


7i:i 


conliniii}^  of  liiiniimisg  to  tlio  Statu  of  ( )i't'gon, 
they  linve  iimdn  Kttmily  mill  8iili»tiuitiHl  progroHH. 
Ill  IHOl  lie  was  oiio  of  llic  orgiiiiizers  of  tlio 
Waturloii  |)(*v(>lo|iiiieiit  ( 'oiii|iaiiy,  owiiern  of 
'200  acrus  of  land  ami  a  fiiii'  watur  power  on  the 
South  Saiitiaiii  river,  wlu-rc  the  eoiiipaiiy  liavn 
jiist  coiiipluti'il  an  (<xteii«ivc  plant  for  tiie  iiianii- 
I'acturo  of  hosiery  and  knit  iiiulcrux-ar.  Of  this 
company  he  ih  director,  Becictary  and  treaciirer. 

Mr.  Writsnian  wai*  married  in  All)any,  in 
1S80,  to  Misb  Hatty  Motley,  n  native  of  Ore- 
gon, and  a  ilaiij^hter  of  John  Motley,  a  pioneer 
of  1K45.     They  hav(>  ono  ehiUl,  Estello. 

Politically,  Mr.  WritHinan  atliliates  with  the 
Deniocratic  party,  and  has  served  two  terms  as 
u  member  ol  the  City  Conncil.  He  has  vaiii- 
ahle  interests  about  the  city  and  is  recoi^nized 
as  one  of  the  representative  biirtincHS  men  of 
Albany.     He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 


>k()N.  EDWARD   LAWSON   EASTllAM 

(deceased),  one  of  Oregon's  most  distin- 
guished native  sons,  wa:*  bom  in  (Clacka- 
mas county  eii^lit  miles  southeast  of  Oregon 
Uity,  on  the  eighteenth  of  January,  1848.  At 
the  age  of  two  years  he  removed  to  Butte  Creek, 
Clarion  county,  with  his  parents.  His  father, 
William  Easthain.now  resides  there,  lie  attended 
tlui  district  school  and  the  Willamette  Univer- 
sity at  Salem  and  then  was  engaged  as  clerk  in 
the  store  of  his  uncle,  William  Strong  of  Al- 
bany. After  a  short  time  spent  in  the  store  lie 
engaged  in  school  teaching  in  Marion  and 
Clackamas  counties.  Too  close  application 
caused  him  trouble  with  his  eyes  and  he  gave 
up  teaching  and  after  his  eyes  got  well  studied 
law  in  the  otlice  of  Johnson  &  StcCown  in  Ore- 
gon City.  In  1870  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  began  his  practice  as  the  partner  of  Judge 
8.  Iluelat.  This  partnership  continued  two 
years,  after  which  he  practiced  alone  for  a  time, 
and  then  took  Hon.  Thomas  A.  McBride  into 
business  with  him,  this  partnership  continued 
until  1888,  when  his  other  business  enterprises 
occupying  his  whole  time  he  retired  from  law 
practice.  He  had  been  exceedingly  bright  as  a 
lawyer  and  liad  met  with  remarkable  success. 
After  coming  to  Onigon  City  he  took  a  deep 
interests  in  the  schools  and  showed  his  fitness 
for  the  place  of  director  so  clearly  that  ho  was 
elected  to  that  position  and   held  it  8i.\  years. 


He  lias  aided  in  bringing  the  ( >rcgon  City 
schools  up  to  their  present  tirst-ciass  condition. 
Krom  the  schools  hi>  turned  his  attention  to  the 
other  needri  of  the  city,  one  of  them  being  the 
building  of  good  roads.  In  1881  he  organ i/.ed 
the  iJatik  cf  Oregon  City  and  managed  it  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  In  188;{  he  lirst  con- 
ceived the  i<lea  of  iitili/.ing  anil  releasing  the 
Willamette  falls  from  the  control  of  an  Eastern 
company,  who  were  not  utilizing  nor  leasing  it 
to  any  one  else.  In  1886  he  went  to  Walla 
Walla  and  purchased  the  water  works  of  that 
place  and  i.  they  had  run  down,  he  by  his  man- 
agement built  it  U|)  and  made  a  success  of  it. 
When  his  mind  became  convinced  of  the  great 
value  of  the  water  jiower  at  Oregon  City  he 
formiMl  a  syndicate,  whicli  piirchasecl  1.000  acres 
of  land  ou  the  west  side  and  then  purchased  the 
locks  and  water  power,  lie  felt  that  it  was  pos- 
sible to  transmit  the  power  to  Portland  by  elec- 
tricity. In  conjunction  with  some  Portland 
capitalists  he  organized  the  Willam-itte  Falls 
Electric  Company,  with  $1,000,000  capi- 
tal. The  power  station  of  the  company  is  at  the 
falls  of  the  Willamette  at  Oregon  City  and  the 
]K)wer  is  transmitted  to  Portland  on  aerial  wires 
a  distance  of  twelve  and  one-half  miles.  He  was 
the  j)ioneer  in  this  long  distance  transmission 
of  power  by  electricity.  He  was  elected  presi- 
dent  and  manager  of  the  company  and  he  con- 
tinued in  that  position  to  his  death  and  made  it 
a  great  success.  When  the  building  of  the  sus- 
pension bridge  over  the  Willamette  at  Oregon 
City  was  under  contemplation,  he  saw  at  once 
how  necessary  it  was  and  when  the  supervisors 
hesitated  to  incur  the  expense,  as  it  would  cost 
!t(23,000,  he  offered  to  have  his  company  to  pay 
-^4,000  of  the  expense  and  that  oft'er  was  ac- 
cepted and  the  beautiful  bridge  that  spans  the 
river  at  Oregon  City  is  a  nionument  of  his  en- 
terprise and  liberality. 

As  soon  as  Mr.  Eastham  came  to  Oregon 
Citv  he  began  to  be  a  power  in  its  affairs. 
All  the  worthy  enterprises  had  him  at  their 
head  and  the  city  owes  her  present  prosperity 
and  her  future  greatness  to  the  efforts  of  this 
man.  Nor  did  liis  active  mind  stop  at  business. 
He  was  an  ardent  Republican  and  interested 
himself  in  the  afJairs  or  his  party  and  country, 
and  it  was  therefore  not  strange  that  they 
elected  him  as  their  State  Senator.  He  was  in 
his  forty-second  year  and  a  most  t)rilliant  future 
was  before  him,  but  it  is  believed  ho  overworked 
and  overtaxed  himself.   Mental  exhaustion  com. 


7U 


IIISTOUY    OF    iH{/(UO.\. 


ifc.'iit 


Vi 


B 


m 


liiiu'il  witli  otlitir  trniiMcs  iiniiltiocil  a  <liMfiiiii> 
tliiit  liiitilcil  tlu<  xkill  iif  ilit>  iirnt  iiliyNiciiiiii*  mid 
on  tlif  iSili  (if  .Imiiiary,  ISWl.  liin  ffninil, 
Molilc  i;(iiil  rctiii'iU'il  tci  its  Maker.  'I'lic  wlioli' 
city  liiiil  ciiiintv  W!i-  in  iii(iiirniii;r.  Smrow  liki'  ii 
(li'i'|p  liliu'k  itiill  Hfltlcil  clinvii  liver  the  |)ei)|p|o. 
Itiirtine.''.'-  vran  i*tiiji|ie(l  in  the  eit\\  MiUiy  heaii 
til'iil  tliinil  triliiitew  were  liroiijrht  hy  thoM-  who 
liiveil  hiiri  ami  ailiniriMl  IiIa  i^eiiiiirt.  Tiie  Itoard 
of  Traile  of  hineit valid  tlie  Senate  Ixilh  attended 
lii»  I'liiieral  in  a  Imdy  and  e\4'rv  |i<iM«il>le  mark 
ol  re»|ieel  waw  jiaid  \«  liiiii.  Tiie  juiiit  Senator 
fniiii  ("hii'kaiiia.-  eoiiiity,  linn.  II.  H.  ("runs,  pni 
noiineeil  a  nii>>t  eliH|neiit.  eiihif^'v  in  tiie  Senate 
on  lii!<  depurted  friend  and  eollea^iie  and  iiitro- 
illiee<l  the  fnllnvviiiir  resolntiiin  wlii(di  wart  |iaMf«ed 
iniaiiiinoiisly  I'V  tiie  Senate: 

••limiih-iil,  'I'hat  ill  the  deatii  of  Senator 
Ka^.tliaiii  tlii>  l,e;;i:^jatiire  lias  lo.«t  one  of  its  most 
aliie  and  lioiinrahle  meniiiers,  and  tiie  State  (d' 
Oii'ifon  an  eniirenl  and  patriotie  citizen,  iiorn, 
reareil  a'ni  educated  within  liie  Slate  of  (  (recoil ; 
po^fesseil  A'ith  reniarkahle  ahiiity.  richly  eii- 
doweil  with  many  rare  and  vaiiiahle  jt^Jfts  ot 
mind  and  heart,  we  had  with  feeiin^H  of  pride 
fondly  hoped  that  he  wmild  lie  spared  many 
years  to  make  a  more  indelihle  impress  upon 
the  history  of  his  native  State  that  he  loved  so 
Well;  that  in  iiis  deatii  we  have  Kist  the  coun- 
sels of  an  active  ami  fearless  mind  and  to  many 
of  lis  the  presence  and  lielpinij  hami  of  a  warm 
and  true  friend."  liesoliitioiis  of  condoleiKje 
were  then  passed  and  the  senate  adjourned  to 
attend  his  funeral  in  a  liody. 

Senator  Kastliain  had  planned  many  liheral 
thiiiir.-  tor  the  city,  wliieli  would  have  j.'reatly 
increased  her  prospt-rity  had  hct  lived  to  carry 
them  out. 

lie  had  accuiniilated  a  mmlerate  fortune  liy 
lii»  husiness  sagacity,  and  while  niakinj;  money 
for  himself,  had  also  put  many  of  his  friends  in 
the  way  of  fratheriiif;  a  competency.  His  deatli 
was  a  great  loss  to  his  friends  anil  a  serious 
hlow  to  the  business   interests  of  the  coiinnun- 


fll  OM  AS  C.  SM  I  Til,  I).  D.  S.,  one  of 

Salem's  represpiitativo  professional  men, 
was  horn  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania, 
June  5,  1844.  His  father,  Samuel  P.  Smith, 
was  a   native  of    Pennsylvania,    born    in    1800, 


anil  dnsRiMided  from  Km^HhIi  ancestors,  who 
emijtrated  to  America  belore  the  Uevnlntionary 
war  and  look  part  in  that  Htrii;,'gle  for  iiidi«- 
pendeiiee.  He  marricl  Aiti^'itil  Callioun,  who 
was  horn  in  I'eiinsylvania,  of  Scotch  micestry; 
they  reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  th  ee  of 
whom  survive.  Thomas  ('.,  tlie  yoiiii>{est  oliild, 
was  educated  in  his  iiati\e  State,  and  was  a  stu- 
dent in  the  I'liiversily  of  I'eiiiisylvHiiia,  med- 
ical department,  in  18t>l.  When  the  great  civil 
war  arose  lii'tween  tl'.e  iNor'h  and  the  South, 
he  laid  aside  his  li<.oks  to  lake  up  arms  in  de 
tense  of  the  L'l.ioii,  eulisling  as  a  !U'ivate  .\pril 
21,  IStil,  in  (.Jompany  !•',  Twenly-tv'ventli  Sew 
Vork  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  i.erveil  two 
years  with  this  regiment,  and  his  'eriii  e.vpir- 
iii^,  he  re-enlistuti  in  the  One  Il'.indred  and 
Seveiityiiinth  New  Vork  Volunteer  Infantry 
ami  participati-d  with  the  .\rmy  of  the  Potomac 
in  all  its  brilliant  engagements,  except  the  bat- 
tle of  (ieltysbnrg;  at  the  battle  of  ( 'haiicc'llors- 
ville  he  was  wounded  in  the  ankle  and  was 
disabled  eight  weeks  .\t  the  end  of  this  time 
he  rejoined  the  regiment  and  before  the  cesr.a- 
tion  of  hostilities,  was  Bve  times  slightly 
wounded  and  had  many  narrow  esca[)es  from 
death  and  captivity.  \Vlieii  peace  was  finally 
declared  he  had  arisen  to  the  rank  of  l!aptain. 
Ill  duly,  18115,  he  was  ninstered  out   of  service. 

He  then  returned  to  his  home  and  engaged 
in  the  practici!  of  meclicine  in  western  Peiin-yl- 
vaiiia,  remaining  there  until  1871.  In  that 
year  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and  estab- 
lished a  drug  business,  which  he  conducted  lour 
years.  He  afterward  came  to  Salem  and  car- 
ried on  the  drug  trade  here  for  six  years,  selling, 
in  18S1,  to  I).  W.  Matthews  Jx,  Co.  Having 
taken  up  dentistry  he  opened  an  ofHce  and  has 
since  been  successfully  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  this  profession. 

Dr.  Smith  organized  the  Second  liegimontof 
National  Guards  of  Oregon,  and  served  as  Colo- 
nel three  years,  resigning  in  1890;  he  was  a 
very  elfcient  and  pi)|)ular  otHcer;.  He  was  one 
of  the  prime  movers  in  the  organization  of 
Sedgwick  Post,  (\.  A.  li.,  at  Salem,  being  a 
charter  nieniber;  he  was  the  second  Coininander 
and  is  now  Past  Senior  Vice-('ommaiider  of  the 
Department  of  the  State;  he  is  also  Past  Ad- 
jutaiit-(ienoral  of  the  Department. 

The  Doctor  was  married  in  18f)(5,  to  Miss  Kl- 
vira  L.  Chapman,  a  native  of  New  ^'ork  and 
the  daughter  of  L.  V.  ('hapinan,  of  the  same 
State.     They  had   three  children:   Laura  May, 


IIIHTOHY    OF    ORKOON. 


TIB 


tin-  wife  (ir  TlioiiiiiH  .McCiiriliy;  .Fiiint'H  AilrliHoii 
mill  ThoiniiH  ('.,.lr.,  ilciitMl  HtiKlioitH  in  tlicir  fii 
tlii,«r'«  (.fflce.  Mr».  Sniilli  (licl  .Inly  5,  l^!t2. 
|)r.  Smith  Iiiih  iinpnivcil  ii  ciinKiiU'rahlc  iniioniit 
of  city  |iri)|MTly  iiii'l  Iiiim  civctt'cl  it  liiinilrdiim 
r«itiilfMCL'  tor  liiinHcIf  unit  I'miiilv,  where  they  til'ii 
living  in  coinrort.  lie  hiiA  lieen  hiyiil  to  tiic  in- 
tercKti*  of  iii!<  own  city  iiml  State  iukI  Ium  the 
esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

fFJJAll  .IKKFKUSON  WUKiilT.  an  e»- 
timahlc  <  )rej;oti  nioncer  of  IH,")2,  anil  a  re- 
tired furuier  of  Yam  Hill  county,  now  re- 
siiJiiiff  in  Amity,  in  a  native  hoii  of  Kentucky. 
wiiore  lie  wat*  horn,  March  lU,  1S2().  IJ  in  father, 
William  VVrijrJit,  wan  b  native  of  one  of  the 
('arolinas,  wliose  ancciitor.H  settled  in  America 
previous  to  the  Uevolntion.  ilin  father  mar- 
ried Mi(*f*  Sarah  Dill,  a  native  of  Vir;.'inia,  whose 
iieoplc  were  among  the  tirwt  «ettlers  in  Kentncky. 
riiey  had  ttix  children,  fonr  Boni^  and  twuduiigfi- 
terB. 

The  fulijcct  of  our  sketch  wan  reared  on  a 
farm  in  Kentncky.  where  he  had  very  limited 
educational  ailvantaj^ei*.  He  early  learned  the 
carpenters'  trade,  and  later  married,  hnt  his 
liapjiy  wedded  life  was  of  short  duration,  his 
wife  dying  soon  afterward.  ]{oth  of  his  parents 
also  died  in  Kentncky,  his  mother  in  183.S,  and 
his  father  some  years  later,  aged  eighty-four 
years. 

At  this  time  Mr.  Wright  formed  one  of  the 
constantly  increasing;  eniij^rant  trains  to  Ore- 
gon. Me  drove  an  ox  team  for  the  privilejfe  of 
accompanying  the  ]>arty  and  for  his  hoard. 
Tliey  left  .Monmouth,  Illinoi.«,  on  April  14-, 
1M.")2,  and  arrived  lit  Foster's,  Oregon,  on  Sep- 
temiter  1,  having  consnmed  nearly  six  month 
in  the  tri|).  Their  jonrney  was  an  uneventful 
one,  and  made  in  entire  safety. 

On  arriving  at  Uis  destination  ho  was  with- 
out means,  other  than  excellent  health,  strong 
arms,  natural  intelligence  and  determination. 
lie  tirst  worked  at  logging,  for  which  he  was 
paid  at  the  rate  of  $75  a  month  and  hoard. 
After  acrcumnlating  some  money  ho  came  to 
Yam  Hill  ei  nnty,  where  he  took  a  donation 
claim,  locating  tliree  miles  west  of  the  present 
town  of  Amity. 

In  1854  he  married  Mrs.  Uoyd,  the  widow 
of  Mr.  John  Moyd.     She  had  two  children   by 


her  former  marria^'.  Caiharine  .lane  and  FfHii- 
ces.  The  former  married  .Mr.  ThomaK  Strong, 
atid  resides  in  MeMinnville;  Frances  is  the 
wife  of  Dr.  .lames  Kicliardson,  and  resides  in 
SidcMU.  Hy  I.I  I  -"ijciind  marriage  s  ,e  had  six 
children;  .*^ll^all  i  now  the  wife  of  .Mr.  C!. 
Niece,  residing  i'l  Wiisliitigton  .State;  Clara  L., 
wife  of  Mr.  .\n'hy  Flint,  residing  in  Filens- 
liurgh,  \\  iiitigto:i-  Ollie  is  the  wife  of  .Mr.  II. 
Foster,  .t  t  resides  in  ('".Hfornia;  Kinina  is  the 
wite  of  Mr.  .losejili  Fit/hngli.  and  resides  at 
(Grant's  I'nss. 

Mr.-.  Wr'.'.it  liied.  and  Mr.  Wright  continued 
to  reimiiii  on  tie  farm  until  all  o!  his  idiildren 
Were  settled  in  lif<',  when  he  sold  the  property, 
and.  in  1S71,  ni.irried  .Mrs.  .\nii  .M.  l-erguson, 
the  widow  of  .Mr.  .lames  |'Vrgunii:i.  .Af'er  his 
u\arriage  he  |iurcliased  Ml  acres  ol  land,  locat- 
ed four  miles  south  of  Amity,  where  they  re- 
sided until  1S87,  wlieii  he  retired  from  the  farm, 
and  purchased  the  home  in  Amity,  where  he  and 
his  family  now  resiiie. 

His  present  wife  had  three  children  l>v  her 
Krst  marriage.  ( >ne  died  in  infancy,  and  her 
daughter  resides  with  her  parents,  while  her  son 
is  in  the  hutcher  Init-inesg  m  Amity. 

Mr.  Wright  is  Democratic  in  his  political 
views,  alth()U|{h  taking  no  prominent  part  in 
politics,  other  than  desiring  the  election  of  hon- 
orahle  men  to  otfce. 

He  is  a  Master  Mason  of  twenty-two  yt'i'i'''' 
standing,  in  the  weltare  of  which  fraternity  he 
takes  a  deep  interest. 

Mrs.  Wright  is  a  wortiiy  memher  of  the 
Methodist  Cliurch,  which  she  aids,  lioth  hy  her 
influence  and   means. 

Mr.  Wright  combines  ail  that  is  best  in 
Americanism,  whether  of  the  North  or  the 
South.  Of  extreme  uprightness  of  character, 
a  generous  nature  and  cordial  manners,  he  is 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  him,  and  has  the  best 
wishes  of  bis  community. 

fANIFL  H.  PUTMAN,  a  worthy  pioneer 
of  this  State,  coming  here  as  early  as 
1847,  and  since  deceased,  was  horn  in  Illi- 
nois, April  15,  1810,  and  married  Miss  Isabel 
Finley,  January  28.1830.  With  her  and  six 
children,  he  crossed  the  "  wide-extended  plains  " 
to  this  distant  coast  in  the  year  named.  Meing 
a  millwriglit  by  trade,  he  settled  at  Oregon  City, 


I. 


;io 


mSTOHY    OF    OHEQON. 


and  engaged  in  building  some  of  the  first  mills 
ill  this  State.  Soon  after  his  arrival  here, 
namely,  October  30,  1847,  his  wife  died,  and 
he  was  left  in  a  new  and  strange  land  with  six 
email  children.  Securing  a  piece  of  land  in 
Linn  eount3',  he  worked  patiently  along  as  well 
as  he  could  until  Anj^ust  20,  1851,  when  he 
married  Mrs.  Rebecca  Landingham,  who  also 
had  five  children,  and  after  her  marriage  to  Mr. 
Putman  had  eight  more. 

in  1856  they  came  to  Yam  Hill  county,  and 
settled  on  the  Ilayden  donation  land  claim, 
three  and  a  half  miles  north  of  Amity,  where 
they  resided  until  1875,  when  they  retired  from 
the  farm,  and  purchased  a  lot  in  Amity,  and 
built  a  residence  upon  it,  where  they  resided 
until  the  death  of  Mr.  Putman,  which  occurred 
March  3,  1888.  Ilis  wife  still  survives,  resid- 
ing with  her  daughters,  Mrs.  Connor  and  ilrs. 
Henderson. 

Mr.  Putman  was  an  honest,  industrious  man, 
having  a  numerous  and  respected  family.  The 
children  are:  Martha;  Mrs.  James  Pierce,  resid- 
ing in  Linn  county;  David,  who  died  in  1879, 
leaving  a  family;  Mahala,  now  Mrs.  Pleasant 
Kobinette,  living  in  \,\\\n  county;  John,  who 
resides  in  Amity;  Mary  is  Mrs.  James  La  Mas- 
ters, and  is  a  resident  of  Lane  county.  By  the 
second  wife  the  children  are:  Jsabelle,  now  Mrs. 
L.  C.  Walker,  aTid  living  in  Forest  Grove;  J. 
J.,  a  merchant  in  Amity;  R.  1?.,  in  the  saddlery 
and  harness  bus'ness,  in  Amity;  D.  B.,  assist- 
ant manager  of  the  Farmers'  Alliance  mercan- 
tile estaUishment,  at  Oak&Jale;  Annie  married 
J.  tf.  Durant,  and  lives  in  Pasco,  AVashingten; 
Frances  B.  married  T.  E.  Connor,  and  resides  in 
Yam  Hill  county;  and  Rebecca,  who  became 
the  wife  of  E.  U.  Henderson,  and  lives  on  a 
farm  near  Amity.  Mrs.  I'utman's  children  by 
Mr.  I^andingham  are:  J.  C,  who  resides  at  the 
toll  gate,  in  Yam  Hill  county;  Martha  J.  is 
Mrs.  J.  R.  Wilson,  at.-!  resides  in  the  Chehalma 
mountains;  W.  T.  is  a  resident  of  Amity  Eliz- 
abeth married  T.  J.  Jefferson  and  lives  i!i 
Amity;  and  G.  M.  is  a  farmer  in  Tillamook 
county. 

Mr.  Putman's  son,  Joseph  Jackson,  who  fur- 
nishes the  data  for  this  sketch,  was  born  in  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  June  4,  1854;  reared  to  mau- 
hoo<l  in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  completed  his 
in  the  academy  at  Forest  Grove.  His  first 
business  was  that  of  a  shoemaker  in  Amity  for 
five  years;  next  he  conducted  a  rented  farm  for 
hree  years;  then  he  moved  to  Amity,  purchased 


property,  and  built  a  dwelling.  In  1892  he  or- 
ganized the  hardware  firm  of  Putman  &  How- 
ard. Later  Mr.  Jeffors  bought  out  the  firm,  and  . 
still  later,  Mr.  Putman  bought  back  a  half  in- 
terest. They  keep  a  good  stock  of  hardware 
and  farm  implements,  and  wagons  and  car- 
riages. 

In  1878  Mr.  J.  J.  Putman  married  Miss 
Flora  L.  Robison,  daughter  of  I.  C.  Robison, 
whose  sketch  is  given  elsewhere  in  this  book. 
Mrs.  Putman  is  a  luttivo  of  Yam  Hill  county. 
They  have  one  child,  Ethel. 

ilr.  Putman  is  Past  Master  Workman  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.  In  politics  he  is  an  independent; 
is  a  good  business  man,  of  the  highest  integ- 
rity. 

EORGE  F.  RUSSELL,  Superintendent  of 
Schools  for  Linn  county,  ( )regon,  was  born 
in  Putnam  county,  Missouri,  in  IS'8. 
His  father,  Absalom  J.  Russell,  was  the  first 
child  borii  in  McDonough  county,  Illinois. 
After  reaching  manhood  he  settled  in  Missouri, 
and  was  there  married  to  Miss  Sarah  tl.  Osborn. 
He  worked  at  the  trade  of  carpenter  and  mill- 
wright, and  subsequently  purchased  mills,  be- 
ing engaged  in.  operating  them  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  November  15,  1868. 
His  wife's  death  occurred  about  three  weeks 
before  him. 

Left  an  orphan  at  an  early  age,  George  F., 
was  thro>vn  upon  his  own  resources.  He  se- 
cured a  position  with  a  farmer  in  Galesburg, 
Illinois,  agreeing  to  work  during  the  summer 
months  for  the  privilege  of  attending  school 
during  the  winter.  He  subsequently  entered 
Galesburg  College,  performing  manual  labor  in 
order  to  defray  his  expenses.  In  1877  he  re- 
turned to  Missouri,  and  in  1879  came  to  (jre- 
gon,  locating  in  Marion  county,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  teaching  until  1883.  He  then  came 
to  Linn  county,  and  until  1888  taught  in  the 
country  schools.  At  that  time  he  was  elected 
Principal  of  the  public  schools  at  Ilalsey,  which 
important  position  ho  filled  until  the  spring  of 
1890.  when  he  was  elected  by  the  Democratic 
party  to  the  office  of  County  Superintendent  of 
Schools.  At  the  County  Convention  in  March, 
1892,  he  was  renominated.  During  his  in- 
cumbency the  scliools  of  Linn  county  have  been 
graded,  and  the  form  of  grade  work  laid  out  to 


jXSSB 


mmmmm. 


e  lie  was 
len  came 

t  in   the 

6  elected 

y,  which 

pring  of 

nocratic 

ideiit  of 

* 

1  March, 

hi8    iti- 

■ 

(ive  been 

d  out  to 

! ,  i; 


!i     • 


if' ! 


i'l!   !. 


HIbTORY    OF    OBEOON. 


717 


the  best  advantage  in  i-very  diatrict.  There  iir(! 
114  Kcliool  districts  in  the  countj',  witli  l-l;5 
teachers  employed,  tliirty-three  iif  whdui  liold 
State  (liphdnas.  The  county  lias  ascliool  popu- 
hatioii  of  7,000,  the  average  attendance  i)eiiijj;  4,- 
500.  Forty-t'onr  tlionsand  dolhirs  are  annuuly  ap- 
propriated for  school  purposes,  l^inn  county 
stands  third  in  the  8tato  in  population  and 
wealth.  Mr.  Ilusseil  visits  each  school  annu- 
ally, and  has  already  advanced  the  school  inter- 
ests to  a  higiier  dejiree  of  excellency. 

Of  his  private  life,  we  record  that  he  was 
married  in  llajsey,  in  1888,  to  Miss  KateSmith, 
K  native  of  McDonough  county,  Ulitiois.  They 
have  two  children,  Charles  and  Edna. 

Mr.  Unssell  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  M., 
I.  ().  O.  F.  and  A.  ().  U.  \V.  He  resides  at 
Albany,  that  being  a  lailroad  center  and  a  con- 
venient access  to  the  several  parts  of  the  county. 

#>♦!'  l;:'  c      :    » 

fACIIARY  T.  WRIGHT.  — In  the  list  of 
capable,  reliable  and  successful  men  of  the 
Northwest,  perhaps  none  were  better 
known,  or  more  highly  respected,  than  Zachary 
Taylor  Wright,  named  by  liis  father  for  the 
hero  general  of  the  Mexican  war.  lie  was 
born  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  in  Harrison, 
Grant  county,  June  9,  1849.  He  is  of  New 
England  stock,  his  ancestors  having  come  from 
England  early  in  the  history  of  this  country, 
and  settled  in  Connecticut.  His  father,  Henry 
W.  Wright,  was  born  in  that  State,  but  re- 
moved to  Wisconsin,  of  which  he  was  a  pioneer. 
He  married  Miss  Hester  Mary  A.  Davis,  a  lui- 
tive  of  Indiana,  and  a  daughter  of  Nathaniel 
Davis,  and  there  were  born  to  tliem  a  son  and 
daughter,  the  latter  dying  wlien  she  was  four 
years  old,  and  the  mother  following  a  little  later. 
Mr.  Wright  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
native  State.  When  the  civil  war  began  he 
was  oidy  twelve  years  old.  He  offered  his 
services  to  his  country,  but  was  debarred  be- 
cause of  his  youth.  Nearly  a  year  later  he  en- 
listed in  the  Forty-seventh  Wisconsin  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  They  were  sent  into  middle 
Tennessee,  doing  garrison  duty  and  scouring 
over  the  country.  When  he  war  closed  he  re- 
ceived an  honorable  discharge.  He  then  re- 
turned to  his  home,  and  worked  in  the  mines 
with  his  fatln  In  1807  he  engaged  in  rail- 
roading, in  which  business  he  gained  some  rep- 

46 


iitation,  and  it  was  his  fortune  to  be  ('(inductor 
of  the  first  train  which  ran  to  the  siinimit  of 
the  Black  Hills.  That  was  then  the  higlicst 
railroad  point  in  the  world.  Later  he  became 
train  dispatcher  at  the  end  of  the  track  of  the 
Union  i'acitic  railroad.  This  position  he  held 
until  the  last  rail  was  laid  at  i'romontory, 
which  connected  the  Occident  with  the  Orient. 
After  this  he  became  widely  known  as  a  most 
capable  locomotive  engineer.  He  spent  ten 
years  on  the  Union  Central,  and  on  tin?  Kansas 
I'acitic,  lirst  as  conductor  and  later  as  engineer, 
the  latter  being  most  congenial,  as  he  was  a 
natural  machinist.  He  always  took  a  just  pride 
in  his  record  as  a  railroad  man. 

At  the  close  of  1871,  while  running  his  en- 
gine on  tlie  Kansas  Pacific,  in  a  severe  snow- 
storm, he  caught  a  cold  which  resulted  in  send- 
ing him  to  California  for  change  of  climate. 
In  1878  he  came  to  I'ortland,  Oregon,  with  the 
intention  of  again  engaging  in  railroading.  lie, 
however,  found  every  desirable  place  occii|)ied, 
and  decided  to  accept  any  kind  of  work  he  could 
get  to  do.  His  first  work  in  Oregon,  where  he 
afterward  became  so  successful,  was  that  of  dig- 
ging stumps  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Thonnis  Cully. 
Next  ho  was  employed  to  take  charge  of  the 
Cunningham  Implement  House,  in  Portland. 
Soon  after  Mr.  Cunningham  made  an  assign- 
ment, and  Mr.  Wright  assisted  in  closing  up 
the  business,  which  was  accomplished  to  the  sat- 
isfaction of  all  the  parties  interested.  He  then 
temporarily  took  charge  of  J.  I.  CasevfeCo.'s 
business,  until  the  firm  decided  to  open  a  branch 
house  in  Portland,  and  Mr.  Wright  was  chosen 
to  make  arrangements  for  its  establishment. 
Mr.  G.  W.  Staver  expected  to  arrive  and  take 
charge  later  on,  with  Mr.  Wright  as  his  first 
assistant.  Thus  Mr.  Wright  took  the  initiatory 
steps  in  founding  the  firm  of  Staver  &  Walker. 
The  first  year  the  firm  was  known  as  J.  I.  Case 
&  Co.,  and  the  following  year  as  Case  «&  G.  W. 
Staver.  Mr.  Wright  advised  the  employment 
of  Mr.  H.  Walker,  which  resulted  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  firm  of  Staver  &  Walker.  Mr. 
Wright  remained  with  them  one  year.  Then 
being  tendered  the  management  of  Westing- 
honse  ik  Go's  business  he  accepted  that  resjron 
sible  position,  ami  later,  the  Pacific  coast  busi- 
ness of  the  house.  This  was  afterward  merged 
into  the  fit  m  of  R.  M.  Wade,  Wright  &  Co.,  and 
with  satisfactory  success,  but  the  fire  that  con- 
sumed the  Esmond  Plock  also  destroyed  the 
stock  of  their  firm,  and  as  they   had   no  insur- 


!'•■ 


■JW 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


i   : 


ancf  it  re8iilte<l  in  tlii'  dosing  of  the  Ijusiiiet^s. 
Jiut  Mr.  WriiriitV  iiuloniituliU;  untTgy,  added  ti) 
his  iiMDwiedgc  <if  iiiti  liiisini'ijH,  stood  hy  liini, 
Hiid  lie  t^oon  btaitt'd  in  liusini'ss  on  iii.<  own  ac- 
count.  Kiv  lonj;  lie  attaintnl  prominence  and 
nojudaiity  as  a  denier  in  all  kinds  of  niaeliinery, 
and  the  range  of  supplies  of  this  kind  heeaine 
very  extensive.  l>y  close  attention  to  Imsiness 
he  met  with  flattering  success,  the  estnlilishnient 
beinj;  located  at  the  foot  of  Morrison  street, 
whert!  a  very  extensive  Imsiness  was  done  with 
the  best  traders  of  the  Northwest. 

In  mutters  of  piililic  interest  Mr.  Wriglit 
helped  noMy.  lie  was  a  stockholder  in  the 
Chaiiiher  id'  Commerce  hiiildinf;  and  in  the  In- 
dnstrirtl  Fair,  and  was  a  very  active  temi)erance 
worker.  He  was  twice  (irand  (Jliief  leinplar 
of  the  State,  and  tor  five  years  was  a  rnemherof 
the  executive  committee  of  the  (Trand  Lodtjo 
of  the  iState,  and  also  held  the  position  of  Vice- 
President  of  the  Oregon  Temperance  Alliance. 
In  the  (irand  Army  of  the  liepnblic  he  also 
to<jk  an  active  interest,  tilllinii  the  office  of  As- 
Bistant  Adjutant  (Tcneral  of  the  Grand  (\n\\- 
niandery  and  tiiat  of  Post  Commander  of  the 
George  Wright  Post  of  Portland. 

In  politics  he  was  a  Republican.  He  was 
not,  however,  an  office-seeker,  and  was  qnite  in- 
dependent in  snch  matters.  lie  serveJas  vice- 
f resident  of  the  Washington  Co-operative  l^ife 
nsurance  Company. 
Personally  Mr.  Wright  was  friendly  and  good- 
natured,  and  was  lionorahle  and  npriglit  in  all 
his  dealings.  He  iiiade  hosts  of  frienils,  lioth  in 
his  business  relations  and  otherwise,  and  was 
highly  deserving  of  the  success  he  attained  in 
such  a  comparatively  short  time  in  the  city  of 
Portland. 

He  was  married  November  11,  1891,  to  Mrs. 
Alta  H.  Tibbetts,  ati  estimable  lady.  She  is  a 
native  of  Napoleon,  Michigan,  is  a  twin  daugh- 
ter, and  one  of  the  seven  children  in  the  family 
of  William  H.  and  Harriet  liexford.  Her 
father  was  a  farmer.  After  she  grew  up  she 
was  engaged  in  teaching  two  years  near  her  old 
home,  and  then  went  to  (Jalhoun  county,  Illi- 
nois, to  teach,  at  which  place  she  remained 
three  years.  While  there  she  formed  the  ac- 
quaintance of  H.  K.  Tibbetts.  a  merchant  of  the 

place,  and  in  1874  they  were  married.  Their 
only  son,  Harry,  now  a  promising  young  man, 
still  lives  with  his  mother,  to  whom  he  is  a 
great  help  ancl  com  fort.      Mr.  Tibbetts  died  in 

1876,  and  his  widow,  through  patient  eflfort  and 


self-denial,  reared  nn<l  educated  her  son,  who 
graduated  in  the  high  school  at  Napoleon,  Michi- 
gan. Early  in  the  spring  of  IHUl  Mrs.  Tib- 
betts and  her  son  came  to  Portland,  she  think- 
ing that  the  opjxirtunities  for  young  men  were 
more  favorable  in  the  far  West.  Hero,  as 
stated,  her  life  and  fortune  blended  with  that  of 
the  subject  of  our  sketch.  Their  brief  married 
life  was  exceedingly  happy,  for  in  their  hotnn 
love  reigned  supreme. 

In  January,  1892.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wright 
united  with  the  First  Congregational  Ciiurch  of 
Portland.  In  this  he  was  active  and  liberal, 
and  soon  afterwani  became  identified  with  the 
Vonng  Men's  Christian  Association,  devoting 
to  this  cause  much  of  his  time  ami  means.  As 
one  of  the  tii' nice  committee,  his  good  judg- 
ment and  e.vrcL'tive  ability  were  much  needed 
and  justly  appreciated,  and  were  utilized  in  the 
work  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
suddenly,  after  a  very  brief  illness,  May  13, 
1892.  This  was  a  severe  shiwk  to  his  devoted 
wife  and  relatives,  and,  indeed,  to  the  whole 
community,  with  whose  interests  he  was  so 
closely  identified.  Sincerely  sympathetic  reso- 
lutions were  passed  by  the  Hoard  of  Trade  and 
the  various  societies  to  which  he  belonged,  and 
also  by  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union.  He  was  buried  in  Iliverview  cemetery 
un<ler  the  auspices  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  of  which  he  was  an  honored  member. 
In  the  demise  of  Zachary  T.  Wright,  P.;tland 
has  lost  one  of  her  most  influential  and  promi- 
nent business  men. 

[TTO  S.  IHNSWANGER,  M.  D.,  one  of 
the  wortiiy  members  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession in  PortlaTid,  Oregon,  was  horn  in 
Osterberg,  a  little  town  in  the  Kingdom  of 
Bavaria,  Germany,  April  20,  1854. 

His  father,  Oswald  Binswanger,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Binswanger  «&  Co.,  owners 
of  a  large  distillery  and  extensive .  vinegar  fac- 
tory. Mr.  Binswanger  was  widely  and  favor- 
ably known  as  a  man  of  iionesty,  integrity  and 
great  strength  of  character.  In  1864,  through 
the  carelessness  of  employes,  fire  broke  out  in 
the  distillery  and  the  entire  plant  was  com- 
])letely  destroyed.  They  then  remove<i  to 
Augsburg,  a  city  of  ancient  history  and  of 
great   commercial  and  educational   advantages, 


|m 


l!  if 


iiinToRy  OF  onmifhw. 


719 


and  tliere  erected  a  new  plant,  conductinfr  an 
extensive  hnsiiief-s  and  lioiionihly  niainlainiiig 
tljc  ])a8t  I'cpnfation  of  tliefirin.  Caroline  Hins- 
wanger,  tiie  Doctor's  inotlier,  was  a  woman  of 
many  amiable  qualities.  She  died  December  6, 
1868. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his  ele- 
mentary education  in  Osterberg,  and  completed 
hia  preparatory  studies  at  Auj^sburg.  In  1872 
he  entered  the  University  of  Erlangen,  where 
he  devoted  particular  attention  to  chemistry 
and  medical  lectures.  From  1873  to  1874  he 
answered  the  demands  of  Government  and 
served  in  the  Fourth  liavarian  liegiment  of  Ar- 
tillery. In  March,  1875,  he  was  again  called 
upon,  and  tor  eight  weeks  served  as  under  of- 
ticer,  and  in  June,  1877,  was  called  for  a  six 
weeks'  service  as  Lieutenant.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  these  interruptions  his  studies  were  con- 
tinned  until  November,  1877,  when,  after  pass- 
ing a  highly  satisfactory  examination  and  read- 
ing on  original  thesis,  for  which  he  received 
universal  commendation  from  the  faculty,  he 
gniduated  with  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  As  his 
entire  life  had  been  devoted  to  study,  the  young 
Doctor  felt  a  strong  desire  for  travel,  and  as  hie 
own  country  offered  little  inducement  for  re- 
munerative occupation  in  bis  chosen  specialty 
as  ecientitic  and  analytical  chemist,  he  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States.  With  quick  dis- 
cernment he  soon  discovered  that  a  strictly 
chemical  occupation  would  never  satisfy  his 
taste  in  this  free  country,  anu  his  old  love  for 
nil  e  and  surgery,  which  he  had  studied  as 

a  side  issue,  became  the  ruling  passion  of  his 
life,  and  he  decided  to  devote  hie  whole  future 
to  the  study  and  practice  of  the  healing  art. 
Being  at  that  time  in  Haltimore,  Maryland,  ho 
entered  the  me<lical  college  of  the  l^niversity 
of  Maryland  and,  after  three  years  of  didactic 
lectures  and  hospital  practice,  he  graduated  with 
honor  and  distinction.  Thus  e<[uipped  with  a 
broad  knowledge  he  started  npon  a  tour  of  the 
continent. 

Arriving  at  Portland  in  May,  1882.  and  be- 
ing pleased  with  the  surroundings  and  prospects 
of  this  city,  he  soon  decided  upon  permanent 
settlement  here.  With  the  exception  of  one 
friend  he  was  a  stranger  in  the  city.  His 
acquaintance  was  rapidly  extended  and  his  suc- 
cess seemed  at  once  achieved.  He  soon  found 
himself  in  the  midst  ot  a  large  practice,  his 
patients  representing  many  of  the  best  families 
of  the  city.     By  close  application  to  business. 


by  cont. lined  study  of  medical  literatun!,  by 
careful  selectiiin  of  Ills  associate:',  hi'  gained  for 
himself  a  position  in  the  front  ranks  of  Purf- 
land's  promincTit  physicians,  lie  is  an  active 
Tuemlier  of  the  State  and  Portland  medical 
societies,  and  his  contributions  tti  medical  lit- 
erature are  numerous  and  painstaking.  Decem- 
ber 1,  1888,  he  was  selected  to  tlie  chair  of 
Chemistry  and  Toxicology  iti  the  medieval  depart- 
ment of  the  Willamette  University,  which 
])osition  he  occu|)ied  until  1887,  wlu^n  he  re- 
signed to  accept  the  same  chair  in  the  medical 
department  of  the  Uidversity  of  Oregon. 

Dr.  Binswanger  was  married  in  San  Kran- 
ci-co.  May  7,  1890,  to  (iuda  Braverman,  daugh- 
ter of  Louis  and  Fanny  Bra\erman,  pioneers  of 
San  Francisco.  They  have  one  child,  Edna. 
The  Doctor  and  his  family  reside  at  the  corner 
of  Twentj-funrth  and  Overton  streets,  where  he 
has  recently  completed  a  large  and  imposing 
residence. 

^-^-^ 

.AMUEL  B.  HUSTON,  of  Ilillsboro,  is 
one  of  the  members  of  the  legal  profes- 
sion who,  aided  by  bis  own  genius,  has 
rapidly  risen  to  prominence  among  the  many 
talented  lawyers  of  Oregon.  lie  was  born  in 
New  Philad'jipbia,  Washington  county,  Indiana, 
on  Mi.i-ch  IG,  1858.  Ilis  father,  Oliver  Huston, 
was  born  in  „he  same  place  in  1836.  The  fam- 
ily originated  in  Scotland,  and  removed  from 
there  to  England  and  from  there  to  America 
previous  to  the  Revolution.  There  were  three 
brothers,  one  settled  at  llockbridge,  Virginia, 
and  the  others  in  MitHin  county,  Pennsylvania. 
General  Samuel  Huston,  of  Texas,  descended 
from  the  llockbridge  brother.  (Jur  Samuel 
Huston's  father  was  a  descendant  of  one  of  the 
brothers  who  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  Mr. 
Huston's  great-grandfather,  Alexander  Huston, 
emigrated  from  Pennsylvania  to  Kentucky  and 
was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  ot  that  State.  His 
son,  Samuel  M.  Huston,  was  born  in  Nelson 
county,  Kentucky,  where  be  was  raised,  and  he 
removed  to  Indiana,  where  his  son,  Mr.  HuBtt.n's 
father,  was  born.  He  married  there  a  Miss 
Lucretia  P.  Naugle,  of  his  own  county  and  a 
daughter  of  Jacob  Naugle,  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
of  German  ancestry. 

-Mr.  Huston  was  the  eldest  of  three  children. 
His  father  etdisted  in  the  Eighteenth    Indiana 


Ilil 


i> 


720 


lusronr  oa-  ohkoon. 


Voliiiiti'er  Int'niiti'y.  fiml  was  killed  iit  tlic  liattlea 
of  Stone  river.  Ills  two  lnotliers  imd  lii»  iiiotlier 
(lied  soim  after  tlie  deittli  of  liin  father,  and 
l)y  the  time  he  liad  reached  jiis  twenty-tirst 
year  lie  had  not  a  single  near  relativ(!  left.  He 
obtained  \\\>  education  at  the  Northern  Indiana 
State  Normal  School,  anil  in  1877  ej;an  to  read 
law  with  (ieori^e  N.  I'arker.  of  Ivoliinson,  Illi- 
nois. Later  he  read  with  Ileffron  A:  Zarinj;  at 
Salem,  Indiana,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Imr  in 
in  1879.  lie  then  went  west  to  Kansa.s  City, 
and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Chicago  Lumber 
t'ompany  for  a  short  time,  and  then  went  to 
New  Mexico  and  was  there  in  tlie  employ  of 
the  Atchis<>n,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad 
Company.  He  canu' to  Forest  (4 rove.  Orefjon, 
in  1SS3  ami  worked  at  tlie  milling  business, 
which  he  had  learned  of  his  stepfather,  who 
owned  a  mill  in  Illinois.  While  workinj;  at 
the  mill  in  Forest  (irove  a  law  case  came  up 
and  Mr.  Huston  was  induced  to  try  it  against 
Thomas  H.  Ilandley.  He  was  .so  successful  in 
the  case  that  Mr.  Handley  offered  him  a  ])art- 
u(!rship  in  his  law  business.  All  these  years 
Mr.  Ilui.ton  had  been  unwilling  to  begin  prac- 
tice without  the  necessary  bociks  which  lie  could 
not  ol)tain,  and  indeed  he  had  formed  a  low  esti- 
mate of  his  own  fitness  for  the  profession.  His 
partiu'rship  continued  with  Mr.  Ilandley  until 
1888,  when  they  dissolved  partnership,  and 
since  then  Mr.  Huston  has  practiced  alone  in 
Ilillsboro,  where  he  has  achieved  a  success 
which  was  very  unexpected  to  liiin,  and  he  tiow 
enjoys  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  is  a 
memoerofthe  bar  and  has  several  times  lieen 
elected  as  a  member  of  the  City  Council,  and 
he  runs  far  ahead  of  liis  ticket.  He  was  nom- 
inated by  the  Democratic  party  in  1888  for 
State  Senator,  and  tliat  year  the  Republican 
majority  was  410,  and  he  was  only  defeated  by 
22(5  votes.  During  that  campaign  he  made  a 
very  capable  and  efl'octive  campaign  through  the 
county. 

In  1892  he  was  again  nominated,  on  the 
Democratic  ticket,  for  the  ofHce  of  State  Sen- 
ator agains"  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Tongue,  one  of 
leading  lawyers  of  tlie  State.  The  Repu'Miean 
ticket  had  over  500  majority  at  this  election, 
yet  Mr.  Huston  was  elected  by  158  majority, 
and  has  the  honor  of  being  the  first  Democrat 
who  ever  represented  his  county  in  the  Senate. 
He  at  once  took  rank  as  one  of  the  leading  men 
in  the  Senate. 

Mr.    Huston    was   married  in  1884,  to  Miss 


F.lla  Geiger,  of  Forest  (irove,  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  Dr.  William  (ieiger,  a  prominent  pioneer 
ol  Oregon,  who  came  to  the  Territory  in  1888. 
Mr.  and  iMrs.  Huston  have  three  children,  all 
born  in  Ilillsboro.  The  names  are  Ella  Blanche, 
Oliver  B.  and  Carl.  Mr.  Huston  has  Imilt  an 
an  attractive  residence  in  Ilillslioro,  fronting  the 
grounds  of  tlie  courthouse,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
most  delightful  homes  in  Ilillsboro.  He  is 
also  engaged  in  real-estate  transactions  and  aids 
all  enterprises  intended  to  benefit  the  city  or 
county. 

POUWLAS  W.  TAYLOli.  one  of  the  most 
capable  anil  trustworthy  officials  of  thecity 
of  Portland,  Oregon,  has  lieen  a  resident 
of  the  State  since  childhood,  his  parents  having 
emigrated  to  the  I'acitic  coast  in  1854.  He  was 
born  at  Muscatine,  Iowa,  January  23, 1851.  His 
father,  I'eter  Taylor,  was  a  native  of  I'ertli, 
Scotland.  He  crossed  the  sea  to  America  in 
1847,  and  in  1852  he  came  overland  to  tiiis 
State.  The  following  year  he  sent  for  his  fam- 
ily, and  they  sailed  from  the  port  of  New  York 
by  way  of  the  Isthmus,  arriving  in  Portland 
January  8,  1854.  Here  Douglas  W.  Taylor 
was  reared  to  manhood,  receiving  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  and  in  the  Portland 
Academy.  In  early  youth  he  begati  surveying, 
and  did  considerable  work  for  the  railroad  com- 
panies. At  the  age  of  twenty-three  he  had  es- 
tablished a  reputation  that  warranted  his  elec- 
tion to  the  office  of  City  Surveyor  of  Portland. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1875, 1876, 1877  and  1881. 
In  June,  188f),  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Leg- 
islature as  one  of  the  representatives  from 
Multnomah  county.  He  did  not  have  an  op- 
portunity to  serve  in  this  capacity,  however,  as 
in  July  of  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Cleveland  United  States  Surveyor 
(ieneral  for  Oregon,  which  jjosition  he  held 
until  August,  18U0.  In  June,  1891,  he  was 
elected  Su-  *rintendent  of  Streets  of  this  city, 
and  he  has  performed  the  duties  of  this  office 
in  a  manner  reflecting  great  credit  upon  him- 
self as  well  as  upon   his  constituency. 

Mr.  Taylor  was  united  in  marriage  in  1879 
to  Miss  Alice  Carr,  a  native  of  Caiitbrnia,  and 
to  them  have  been  born  tliree  sons:  Douglas 
VV.,  fir.,  llichard  B.  and  Henry.  He  is  a  worthy 
and  active  member  of  all  the  different  brandies 


iirsTonr  of  oiukion. 


731 


of  MiiBoiu-y.  Politically  he  atlliures  to  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Democratic  party.  Inlmsiness  he 
is  prompt,  eiierfjetic  and  reliable,  and  in  hoth 
public  and  private  life  he  has  made  a  record 
above   reproach  and   preserved  an  untarnished 


name. 


'^-^H^->>i^^i^^>'!^<- 


ii  B.  ST  K  A  II  N  S,  one  of  the  leading  con- 
^  tractors  and  builders  of  Union  county, 
!*o  was  born  in  Montgomery  county,  New 
York,  March  11,  1837.  lie  was  the  youngest 
son  in  a  family  of  seven  children  born  to  Asa 
Stearns,  who  was  born  in  Bayfield,  Massachu- 
setts, in  1793.  lie  went  to  New  York  when 
very  small  and  grew  to  manhood  in  that  last- 
named  State.  It  was  in  this  State  that  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Anna  Paddock,  and  in  1855 
removed  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  died  three 
years  later.  By  trade  lie  was  a  millwright.  His 
wife  outlived  him  until  1877,  when  she  too 
died,  aged  eighty-three.  Oidy  three  of  the  fam- 
ily are  now  living,  namely:  Our  subject,  a 
brother  in  Chicago  and  one  of  Los  Angeles, 
California. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Rebellion  our  subject 
enlisted  July  12,  18(32,  in  the  First  Wisconsin 
Heavy  Artillery  and  served  until  July  13, 1865, 
when  he  received  his  honorable  discharge. 
When  he  entered  the  service  he  was  oidy  a  pri- 
vate, but  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  Ser- 
geant. Mr.  Stearns  jwrticipated  in  the  second 
battle  (if  Bull  Run  and  of  Monocacy  Junction, 
at  which  be  was  slightly  wounded.  After  his 
discharge  Mr.  Stearns  came  home  and  resumed 
work  at  the  carpenter  trade.  It  was  our  subject 
who  placed  the  first  machinery  in  the  White 
Water  Wagon  Works,  and  in  1872  he  removed 
to  Grand  Haven,  Michigan,  where  he  estab- 
lished the  Stearns'  Manufacturing  Mills,  where 
he  turned  out  windmills,  doors,  sash  and  every- 
thing that  could  be  manufactured  out  of  wood 
in  that  line.  In  1882  he  sold  out  and  removed 
to  Cove,  Union  county,  Oregon,  where  he  has 
since  been  engaged  in  contracting  and  building. 
He  has  also  been  employed  by  Knapp,  Buell 
&  Co.  as  salesman  of  agricultural  implements. 
At  one  time  Mr.  Stearns  was  quite  wealthy,  but 
a  series  of  misfortunes  deprived  him  of  his 
hard-earned  money,  and  when  his  machinery 
was  burned  up  in  Michigan  he  resolved  to  come 
to  the  great  State  of  Oregon  and  endeavor  to 


retrieve  his  lost  fortune.  Although  he  had 
nothing  when  he  came  to  Oregon,  he  is  now 
in  very  comfortable  circumstances,  and  has 
erected  a  nice  little  residence  in  the  town  of 
Cove,  where  he  has  become  so  well  and  favor- 
ably known. 

Mr.  Stearns  was  married  March  23,  1804,  to 
Miss  Frances  C.  I'ayne,  born  in  Aztalan,  Wis- 
consin, February  28,  1842,  daughter  of  James 
and  Frances  I'ayne,  natives  of  Connecticut.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Stearns  have  three  children,  namely: 
James  E.,  the  oldest,  is  now  at  Rocky  Bar, 
Idaho;  but  the  twin  daughters,  Frances  Clara 
and  Carra  May,  are  fourteen  years  of  age  and 
reside  at  home.  Our  subject  is  a  member  of 
the  order  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  Knights  of  H<mor. 
Mr.  Stearns  is  a  liepublican  in  politics  and  was 
iKjminated  by  his  party  for  the  position  of  Con- 
stable, to  which  othce  he  was  elected  in  the 
town  of  Cove.  Mr.  Stearns  has  proved  himself 
an  honorable  gentleman  in  all  the  positions  of 
life  he  has  been  called  upon  to  fill,  and  ofticially, 
socially  and  privately  his  career  is  above  re- 
proach. 

fA.  BARRETT,  one  of  the  self-made  men 
of  Umatilla  county  and  a  leading  busi- 
*  ness  man  of  Athena,  was  born  at  Sum- 
ner, Oxford  county,  Maine,  June  21,  1852,  son 
of  James  S.  and  Elizal)eth  M.  (Barrows)  Bar- 
rett, both  of  whom  were  natives  of  Maine, 
where  they  were  married  and  reared  their  fam- 
ily of  eight  children,  of  whom  Charles  was  the 
second.  The  duties  devolving  on  him  as  a  farm 
hand  greatly  interfered  with  his  early  education. 
Though  he  attended  school  very  little,  he  has 
been  a  great  reader,  thereby  gaining  informa- 
tion that  could  not  be  gleaned  from  text-books. 
When  at  the  age  of  twenty  years,  believing 
there  was  much  in  store  for  him  out  West,  he 
procured  the  necessary  means  a;id  started  for 
()regon.  Coming  by  way  of  California,  he  ar- 
rived in  Umatilla  county  in  the  fall  of  1872, 
and  soon  found  employment  on  a  stock  ranch. 
His  first  earnings  were  used  to  repay  money, 
which  he  had  borrowed  for  the  trip  across  the 
continent.  Then  "  Charlie,"  as  he  is  called, 
began  not  to  save  the  dollars  only,  but  also  the 
dimes,  which  secured  for  him  in  a  short  time 
an  amount  sufficient  to  purchase  a  small  band 
of  sheep.     For  five  years  he  was  actively  en- 


>     ! 


7^a 


lllSTOUY    OF    UREGON. 


m, 


ifiiged  in  raisiiij;  slict'i)  and  luirsfi;.  In  1K83 
lio  piirclmgi'il  11  Htdck  of  gixidn  luui  Ptiirtfil  it 
liiirdwaru  btoiti  in  Atlieiiu,  in  wliicli  IxisincKx  he 
still  continue'.-,  Imvinir  now  the  largest  lianlwiiR' 
store  in  town,  currying  ii  stock  of  #CiO,()()(t  and 
doing  11  l>nsiMf»s  of  ^od.OOO.  lie  liiis  sceiired 
500  acres  of  land,  200  acres  of  wliicli  is  in  cul- 
tivation, the  rest  used  for  pasture.  Since  coin- 
ing to  Atliciirt  Mr.  Barrett  liiis  so  far  gained  the 
eontidonce  of  the  citizens  that  when  the  Kirst 
Nutioiuil  Bank  of  Athena  was  orgiuiize<l.  in  1891, 
he  WHS  elected  president.  This  is  one  of  the 
solid  hiisinesM  interests  of  the  town. 

.Mr.  liiirrett  was  married  iS'oveniher  4,  1S77, 
to  Miss  .lennie  K.  Mays,  who  was  horn  at  Mc- 
iMiuiiville,  Vain  Hill  county,  Ore^m),  where 
her  parents  sctth^l  in  ls52,  hut  loved  to 
IJiinitilla  county  in  18t)it.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  liarrett 
have  two  children:  Areta,  iiorn  .Inly  24,  1878; 
and  Henry,  Novemher  11,  1879. 

These  form  a  loving  ami  ha|)py  family.  Mr. 
Barrett  is  a  self-made  man,  iiaving,  as  ahove 
stated,  started  in  this  country  without  a  dollar 
A  liis  own.  He  can  look  hack  with  some  de- 
gree oi  pride  to  see  his  progress,  as  now  he  is 
land-owner,  merchant  ami  hank  president,  and 
has  won  all  his  honors  for  himself  in  to  short  a 
■  ime. 

flJlKiK  KOBEiiT  CAUKIELD,  one  of  the 
most  res[)ected  of  the  pioneers  of  Oregon, 
now  deceased, was  a  native  of  connty  Antrim, 
Ireland,  and  of  Scotch- Irish  ancestry.  He  was 
born  in  1805.  lie  came  to  America  in  1830 
and  from  Mew  York  went  to  New  Orleans. 
From  there  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where 
he  engaged  in  his  trade,  that  of  carpenter  and 
cabinetmaker. 

lie  had  married  Miss  Jane  J^urnside  of  his 
own  county,  and  they  made  the  perilous  jour- 
ney across  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1847  and 
brought  with  tliem  two  children,  Robert  F.  and 
David,  both  now  residents  of  Oregon  Oily, 
David  Cautield  being  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business.  They  settled  in  Oregon  City,  where 
there  were  born  to  them  a  daughter,  Klizabeth, 
who  died  in  her  sixth  year;  Charles  II.,  a 
banker  in  Oregon  City;  C!lara,  married  to  Hon. 
E.  L.  Eastham  and  widowed  in  1891,  and  Ed- 
win (t.,  who  is  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Oregon 
City. 


I'poii  arriving  in  Oregon  City  Mr.  Cautield 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  busiiiess,  in  which  he 
continued  until  1870,  when  he  retired  from 
active  business.  He  had  been  fully  identified 
with  all  the  interests  of  his  county  and  had 
invested  in  land  in  and  about  this  city,  and  was 
actively  interested  in  the  welfare  of  Oregon 
City.  He  was  a  man  of  ability  ami  integrity 
and  was  in  politics  a  Democrat.  He  served  as 
a  member  of  the  C'ity  Co\incil,  was  elected  in 
1858  Treasurer  of  ('liickamas  county  and  served 
two  terms,  of  four  years  each  as  County  Judge. 
He  died  of  old  age  on  the  I8th  of  April, 
1S90.  He  was  honored  and  respected  by  all 
who  knew  him.  He  left  a  widow  and  a  highly 
respected  family,  who  revere  his  memory.  Mrs. 
("auticld  Btill  survives  licr  liusband. 


^. 


^^ee^^^ 


•]SM^  .1.  KO  BIN  SON,  one  of  the  prominent 
•JRJmT)  fanners  of  AVashington  county,  is  an 
i*-e^Jrj  "  <  )regon  pioneer  of  1851,  born  in  I'itts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  October  12,  1827,  son  of 
William  ami  Nancy  ^Stilley)  Robinson,  both 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  of  the  lat- 
ter, Tobias  Stilley,  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
while  grandfather  Kobinson  was  born,  reared 
and  married  in  Ireland,  after  which  eventhe emi- 
grated to  America  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania, 
near  Pittsburg,  wliere  he  reared  his  family  ami 
resided  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  his  eightieth  year,  his  wife  surviving 
him  until  her  eighty-eighth  year.  They  were 
pioneers  of  that  portion  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
were  there  when  the  Indians  gave  the  settlers 
so  mncli  trouble. 

Mr.  Robinson,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 
the  second  in  a  family  of  five  children.  When 
he  was  eleven  years  of  age  he  lost  his  father, 
who  was  drowned  during  the  construction  of 
the  Pennsylvania  and  Erie  canal,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  contractors.  The  family  were 
cheated  out  of  the  money  due  them  for  his  serv- 
ices ami  were  left  in  a  destitute  condition,  the 
chililren  being  thrown  upon  their  own  re- 
sources. Our  subject  lived  with  and  worked 
for  different  people  and  "'so  ran  on  the  canal 
until  1840,  when  he  removed  to  Newcastle,  but 
the  following  spring  made  his  way  to  Jeft'erson 
county,  Indiana,  now  Madison  county,  wiiere 
he  worked  for  wages  on  a  farm. 

In  the  above  named  county,  January  9, 184S, 


BiaTonr  of  oheoon. 


783 


he  married  Miss  Eiiinliiie  liHriiiirii,  a  native  of 
Iiiiiiaiin,  l)<>rii  in  1829,  (iaiigiiter  of  Air.  Hiir- 
riiiin,  of  N(nv  York.  Two  ciiildriMi  were  Imrn 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  li()i)inBon,  in  Indiana,  and  in 
1851  tlie  little  family  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon. They  started  in  March,  making  tiie  tri|) 
by  water  to  St.  Joseph,  MissonrI,  where  they 
fitted  themselves  with  a  necessary  onttit,  eon- 
sistiiif;  of  oxen,  waj^on  and  snpplies.  They  had 
to  endnre  many  hardbhips,  l)nt  in  the  face  of  all 
of  them  Mr.  Robinson  never  lost  his  good  spir- 
its aiui  cheered  up  the  others  of  the  party  in 
every  way  he  conid  think  of,  often  taking  ont 
the  end  board  of  the  wauoii,  laying  it  on  the 
ground  and  dancing  jigs  npon  it.  He  was  a 
man  who  could  always  be  depended  npon  for 
g\iard  dnty  and  when  they  were  in  danger  Mr. 
liobinsori  was  tiie  first  to  be  on  hand  to  fight 
the  enemy  if  necessary.  If  cattle  were  lost  it 
was  he  who  went  after  them.  Toward  the  end 
of  the  jonrney  Mr.  Robinson  kindly  and  gener- 
onsly  divided  his  i)rovi8ions  with  those  whose 
snpplies  had  given  ont,  proving  himself  a  char- 
itable, brave  and  cheerful -spirited  man.  The 
other  emigrants  appreciated  ids  many  good 
qualities  of  mind  and  heart  and  he  was  greatly 
beloved  by  all  of  them.  So  generous  was  he  in 
aiding  others  that  his  own  stock  grew  low  and 
he  was  obliged  to  kill  gronnd  squirrels  to  eke 
out  his  scanty  store  of  flour.  To  add  to  the 
destitution  of  the  party  the  snow  fell  to  the 
depth  of  eight  inches  and  their  wornout  cattle 
died,  as  also  did  their  seventeen  blooded  mares. 
It  was  very  discouraging  to  see  the  dead  ani- 
mals lying  around  the  camp.  In  spite  of  all 
their  discouragements  they  were  brave  and  cour- 
ageous and  finally  got  through  alive  and  in  the 
spring  of  1852  came  to  the  donation,  where 
they  have  since  that  tiinejmade  their  home.  Here 
Mr.  Robinson  took  up  320  acres  of  land,  seven 
and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  the  city  of 
Portland,  near  Ames  Chapel  on  Fanno  creek. 
Here  he  built  the  log  house  of  the  pioneer  and 
they  began  the  lite  of  the  western  emigrant, 
having  everything  to  do,  with  nothing  to  do 
with.  The  brave  wife  with  her  two  little  ones 
remained  alone  while  the  husbatid  went  seven 
miles  to  Milwaukee  and  worked  in  a  sawmill 
at  night.  So  steady  did  he  adhere  to  his  work 
that  he  was  only  able  to  get  home  once  in  two 
weeks.  There  was  no  road  to  the  house  and 
the  family  were  isolated  from  the  neighbors. 
All  of  this  is  changed,  and  with  these  changes 
has  come  the  prosperity  of  the  family  whose 


exploits  we  are  now  recounting.  Tiu^y  J'l^''- 
severed  and  now  can  look  back  on  tlios(!  early 
sufferings  as  things  of  the  past.  Mr.  Robinson 
is  tile  possessor  of  a  very  vahiaijie  farm,  on 
which  he  has  acoinfortal)le  and  commodious  resi- 
dence, supplied  with  all  that  is  nece.-'sary  fur  the 
enjoyment  of  life.  It  must  be  a  source  of  great 
pleasure  to  these  pioneers  to  reflect  that  all  these 
comforts  are  the  results  of  their  niuiided  labor. 
On  this  farm,  where  they  now  reside,  they  passed 
through  a  very  severe  affliction  in  the  death  of 
their  little  daughter  Lenora,  a  sweet  child  of 
three  summers,  who  ventured  too  near  the  fire 
while  they  were  clearing  land,  her  dress  catch- 
ing in  the  greedy  flames.  So  severe  was  the 
burns,  that  her  death  followed,  but  her  memory 
is  tenderly  cherished  by  the  family,  to  whom 
lier  sufferings  and  death  were  a  severe  blow,  for 
she  was  the  pet  of  the  household.  Another 
daughter,  Berrilla,  died  in  her  seventeenth  year; 
Agnes  is  at  home  with  her  parents;  Viola,  wife 
of  Dr.  Joseph  Smith,  of  Portland;  Raleigh,  the 
son,  is  married  and  resides  on  the  home  farm, 
managing  it;  Florence  is  also  at  homo.  .Mr. 
Robinson  has  been  a  successful  farmer  and  has 
added  to  his  original  purchase  until  he  is  a 
large  land  owner.  Recently  he  gave  a  portion 
of  his  estate  to  his  children.  He  has  operated 
considerable  real  estate  very  successfully  and  is 
still  dealing  in  land.  Mr.  Robinson  and  the 
daughter,  Agnes,  are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Mr.  Robinson  belongs  to  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He 
has  led  an  honorable  upright  life  and  he  and 
his  family  have  made  many  friends  in  their 
county,  where  they  are  highly  respected  by  all 
who  know  him. 

.  — s^€®3i)^->^ —      ■ 

fOIIN  W.  NOP,LE,  the  Assessor  of  Clacka- 
nius  county  and  a  member  of  the  City 
Council  of  Oregon  City,  was  born  in  Lake 
county,  Illinois,  January  20,  1852.  His  father, 
Isaac  Noble,  was  born  in  1818,  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  but  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  in 
1843,  settling  in  1850  on  a  farm  in  Lake  county, 
Illinois.  Here  ho  reared  his  family  and  still 
resides.  He  married,  in  his  native  land,  Miss 
Jane  Flemming,  native  of  his  own  town.  Soon 
after  their  marriage  the  trip  across  the  ocean 
was  made,  and  soon  they  were  established  in  a 
homo  of  their  own,  in  which  they  have  beea 


724 


IllSTUUY    OF    UHKUUS. 


wry  siuH'i'Shful.  Tlicv  liiul  six  cliildrcii,  mic  of 
wliii'li,  William  was  kilUiil  at  Nasliville,  Tt'ii- 
iiessL'i',  while  (li'i'iiiiliii)^  the  ••  stars  and  striiii's." 

ilolm  NoIpIc  was  itai'fil  uii  his  fathur's  farm, 
atlfii(lin;i  si'hool  in  the  winter  iiiiil  wurking  i 
tliirini,'  the  mmim'r.  When  lie  hfcame  olii 
t'lioiijrh  ht!  tanj^ht  school  four  months  in  the 
year  anil  worked  on  his  farm  tlie  remainder  of 
the  time,  hut,  in  time  Bold  his  farm  and  removtMl 
to  ihe  southern  part  of  his  <uiunty.  In  llS7u  lie 
came  to  Oreiron,  |iurchascd  a  farm,  hnilt  on  it 
and  there  lived,  im|>roviM<j  it  for  fourteen  years, 
a?ul  then  sold  it  and  came  to  Orej^on  City  and 
|mrchase<l  a  residence  lot,  where  he  has  since 
resiiU'd,  engaj^ed  in  speculation.  In  1888  lie 
was  elected  Assessor  of  the  county  and  served 
in  that  otiice  so  satisfactorily  that  he  was  re- 
elected, and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  of 
two  years.  In  1891  he  was  elected  a  memher  of 
the  I'ity  Council,  in  which  ca|)acity  hi'  is  also 
serving;. 

In  March  18,  1877,  Mr.  Nohlo  was  married 
to  Miss  Louisa  Ford,  a  native  oi  Oregon,  and 
tiie  daughter  of  liohert  Ford,  w),'^  rain;;  io  this 
iStaie  in  185^.  Air.  and  Mrs.  Xohle  ha'  e  four 
children,  all  horn  in  Oregon,  nameJy:  Jennie 
K,  Emory  ,J.,  Maud  E.  and  John'  E.  The 
faMiily  are  highly  respected,  and  Mr.  Nohle 
is  a  Worthy  memher  of  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr.Nohle's 
father  was  a  man  of  intregity  of  character  and 
his  constant  effort  was  to  impress  upon  his  son 
the  principles  that  governed  his  life  and  actions, 
and  Mr.  iSohle,  our  snhject  has  proved  a  worthy 
pupil  of  tliat  good  man.  In  iiis  capacity  as  a 
pulilic  officer  he  has  heen  conscientious  and 
cnpahle,  making  a  safe  and  reliahle  officer  in  the 
county,  where  he  has  made  a  host  of  friends. 

JlAJOll  i\.  A.  CORNOYER,  a  Califor- 
nia pioneer  of  1849  was  horn  in  Sin- 
clair county,  Illinois,  Novemher  11, 
1820,  and  is  the  only  surviving  son  of  Narcisse 
and  Alary  A.  (Bernier)  Cornoyer,  both  of  whom 
were  natives  of  Canada,  who  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1812.  Soon  after  liis  arrival  here  the 
father  of  our  subject  took  j)arl  in  the  war  and 
was  with  (ieneral  Jackson  at  New  Orleans,  aiul 
was  also  in  the  Black  Hawk  war.  lie  died  in 
184:1,  at  the  age  of  sixty-si.x  years.  The  inotjier 
of  our  subject  died  in  1836,  at  the  age  of  thirty- 
six. 


Our  subject  attended  tiie  commoti  schools  in 
Illinois  ami  later  was  sent  to  St.  Mary's  ( 'ollege 
in  Missouri,  where  he  finished  his  education. 
After  his  return  from  school  lie  engaged  in 
clerking  in  a  stoi-e  anil  was  then  made  Deputy 
Slieriti' of  the  county,  which  position  he  held  for 
several  years.  In  1849  he  was  one  of  the  nuiiiy 
young  men  stricken  with  the  gold  fever,  but 
wlien  he  arrived  in  California  his  wild  experi- 
ences on  the  way  had  cooled  his  ardor  somewhat 
and  he  only  remained  a  short  time  and  came  on 
to  Oregon.  Our  subject  settled  in  Marion 
county  and  commenced  farming  and  continued 
until  1852,  when  the  Indians  bei  aine  so  trouble- 
some that  lie  was  tibliged  to  give  up  his  farm- 
ing int(>rests  aiul  went  to  defend  his  home,  in 
the  Rogue  river  war  in  1852.  In  l855-'5t)  the 
Umatilla  Indians  again  made  a  break  and  our 
subject  went  out  again,  enlisting  in  the  First 
Oregon  Mounted  Volunteers  as  a  private  but 
was  soon  j)romoted  to  be  Major  of  his  regiment. 
He  has  seen  some  hard  service  in  tlie  Indian 
wars  and  is  known  to  history  as  the  officer  who 
caj)tureil  Chief  l'eu-1'euMox-Mox. 

Upon  this  occasion  he  was  out  upon  a  scout- 
ing expedition  and  saw  a  band  of  Indians,  which 
he  started  to  pursue,  when  the  great  warrior  ad- 
vanced with  a  white  flag  and  surrendered  to  the 
Major.  Soon  after  the  force  under  MajnrCJor- 
noyer  engaged  in  battle  with  a  hostile  band  of 
Indians  and  as  the  chief  tried  to  make  his  es- 
cape lie  was  shot  and  killed  by  the  guards.  After 
t)ie  return  of  our  subject  from  the  Indian  wars 
he  wa-^  elected  Sheriff  of  Marion  county  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  ojiice  and  then  came  to 
the  in  i lies  of  eastern  Oregon,  where  he  eng.iged 
in  trading  and  mining  quartz,  continuing  for 
three  years,  although  he  did  not  make  this  bus- 
ness  successful.  Finding  it  necessary  to  make 
a  new  start  in  life  he  engaged  as  superintendent 
of  farming  on  the  Umatilla  reservation,  under 
Major  Banhardt,  and  worked  for  two  years  at 
the  Umatilla  agency,  and  in  1871  he  was  ap- 
pointed the  Government  agent  ihere.  He  held 
that  position  for  four  years,  when  he  resigned, 
but  was  recalled  and  held  the  position  for  four 
years  more.  lie  was  considered  a  very  useful 
and  important  man  there,  possessing  the  power 
to  influence  tlie  Indians,  and  at  one  time  was 
able  to  suppress  an  uprising  and  induce  the  In- 
ilians  to  believe  that  the  soldiers  were  there  for 
their  protection  instead  of  their  sutijection,  in 
this  way  saving  many  innocent  lives.  F]ver  since 
coming  to  the  county  be  has  possessed  the  conH- 


llIHrORY    OF    on  MOON. 


785 


deuce  of  the  I'lnatilliih,  and  to  this  day  lliey  go  to 
him  for  advice  and  to  hIiuw  their  ^ratidiide  to  him 
fur  the  kind  services  rendered  them;  while  agent 
they  made  liim  a  prcHeiit  of  160  acres  of  land, 
lettiiiff  him  choose  it  iiimself.  He  is  now  liviiij^ 
on  this  farm,  improving-  it,  ami  will  soon  prove 
n|i  ills  right  and  get  his  deed.  I'eside  this  KiO 
acres  lie  Inis  his  old  home  farm  of  '200  acres. 

In  1S51  .Major  ("ornoyer  married  Miss  Mary 
S.  iiellcgne,  ii  native  of  Oregon,  horn  in  ISiJO. 
Iler  fatiier  cain((  to  the  State  at  an  early  day 
and  nnirried  a  half  hreed,  her  grandmother  he- 
ing  a  fiill-l)lo(iiled  Indian  s(jmtw.  Major  and 
Mrs.  Cornoyer  have  had  twelve  children,  hut 
oidy  five  are  vet  living,  as  follows:  Mrs.  K.J. 
Siimrnerville,  .Sirs.  .loseph  [""orrest,  Mrs.  Alex- 
ander Kirk,  Mrs.  Daniel  Kirk  and  the  only  son, 
G.  F.  Cornoyer,  all  owning  farms  in  Umatilla 
county  and  all  prosperous.  The  Major  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Oregon  War  Veterans,  the  only  secret 
society  to  which  he  lielong.  In  his  religious 
belief  he  is  a  lioman  Catholic.  In  politics  ho 
is  a  strong  Uepuhlican,  although  reared  a  Demo- 
crat until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  v.lien  he 
changed  his  belief  for  that  which  he  now  holds. 


)EV.  A.J.  HUNSAKEll,  for  many  years  a 
prominent  ministerof  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation, came  to  Oregon  a8earlyaslS47.  lie 
was  born  in  Adams  county,  Illinois,  January  10, 
1834,  a  son  of  Josepli  llunsaker,  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  born  July  4,  1799.  Ilartman  llun- 
saker came  from  Switzerland,  in  1(532,  brif)ging 
with  him  his  five  daughters  aiul  a  son,  and  set- 
tling in  Pennsylvania.  The  son's  name  was  John 
L.,  married  and  had  seven  sons  and  a  daughter, 
and  from  them  sprang  the  family  in  the  United 
States.  In  their  early  history  in  tiiis  country 
they  were  industrious  and  reputable  farmers; 
later  many  of  them  became  prominent  mem- 
bers of  the  professions, — lawyers,  j)by8ioian8 
and  ministers.  Mr.  Ilnnsaker's  father  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  J.  King,  a  native  of  the  State  of 
North  Carolina,  and  of  English  ancestry.  They 
had  twelve  children,  of  whom  two  sons  and 
three  daughters  are  living.  Their  mother  died 
in  1864,  and  the  father  in  1861).  Both  the 
honored  parents  are  buried  side  by  side  in  their 
family  bnrying-ground  on  the  donation  land 
claim  in  Marion  county,  now  owned  by  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch. 


Mr.  IIunBaker,  their  youngest  son  living,  is 
chielly  a  self-edneated  man.  When  he  became 
of  age  ho  located  on  a  donation  claim  in  Lane 
coc'ity,  where  he  resided  three  years.  From 
1856  to  181)1  he  taught  school  in  winter  ami 
farmed  in  summer.  lie  entered  the  ministry 
in  1870,  but  continued  the  management  of  the 
farm  until  1875.  He  was  then  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  I'aptist  Church  of  Al- 
bany, one-half  of  the  time,  the  other  half  to  the 
I'rowiisville  Church.  This  arrangement  eon- 
tinne(l  two  years,  and  he  then  moved  to  Mc- 
Minnville,  accepting  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
there.  Next  in  1871t  he  was  called  to  the 
general  missionary  work  for  ;lie  North  I'acitic 
coast,  under  the  auspices  ot  the  American  Bap- 
tist Home  Mission  Society,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued four  and  a  half  years.  He  then  spent 
two  years  as  an  evangelist  and  financial  agent 
for  the  McMinnville  College,  when  he  was  again 
called  to  the  missionary  work  for  the  Central 
Association.  At  length  he  resigned  this  posi- 
tion and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Weston 
and  Adams  Baptist  Churches  in  Umatilla 
county.  After  a  few  months"  service  in  this 
relation  he  resig  led  it,  and  accepted  his  pres- 
ent work  as  pastor  of  t.  i  First  Baj)tist  Church 
of  Independence. 

Mr.  llunsaker  has  organized  a  number  of 
churches  and  auxiliary  societies,  and  accom- 
plished a  great  deal  of  work  as  a  inijiister  in  all 
the  relations  ho  has  sustained.  Under  his 
ministrations  the  houses  of  worship  at  Baker 
City,  Walla  Walla,  Spokane  Falls,  etc.,  have 
been  built  or  started ;  and  as  an  evangelist  his 
labors  were  greatly  blessed,  proving  him  to  be  a 
snacessful  revivalist. 

Early  in  his  history  be  took  an  active  part  in 
political  matters.  He  was  reared  a  Democrat, 
but  later  in  life  gave  politics  less  attention.  He 
was  for  years  i  magistrate.  Was  nominated  by 
his  party  for  Sheriff,  aiul  also  for  State  Se:iator, 
and  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  has  been 
a  trustee  of  McMinnville  College,  which  ofiice 
he  still  holds.  Thus  be  has  been  a  very  useful 
man,  of  marked  ability. 

W^hen  he  came  to  Oregon,  in  1847,  with  his 
father,  he  was  a  lad  of  thirteen  years,  and  was 
shepherd  for  his  fatluT  on  the  way,  liavimr  a 
horse  to  ride,  but  pi'eferriug  to  walk,  he  catne 
on  foot  after  the  sheep  most  of  the  way.  They 
started  with  120  sheep,  but  got  through  with 
only  forty-five.  Since  his  arrival  here  he  has 
been  conversant  with  the  growth  and  develop- 


196 


JllSTOliY    OF    OtilCilON. 


i  y  »i , 


iiicnt  of  tliiH  Htiitc,  iind  Iihk  iloiic  liis  xlmro  in  its 
tluvelopiiioiit.  III!  is  an  ardont  lover  of  Oregon, 
f^eptenibcr  liJ.  1M55,  Itcv.  Ilmittaki-r  luarritMl 
Mins  Kninui'I.  Hill,  a  tlaiigliter  of  littv.  K.  ('. 
lliil.M.  I).,  iati!  of  Albany.  He  Hold  the  dona- 
tion claim  in  l.ant!  county,  and  rctiirnt'il  lo  his  fa- 
ther's old  honieslcad,  in  IHyli.  where  Mrs.  Ilun- 
saker  died,. June  11,  ISIJH,  leaving  one  dauijhter, 
Klla,  who  married  .1  eol)  iinegf;,  January  24, 
ls82,  and  tlirei!  nionl'is  later,  on  the  lUth  of 
May,  Ml',  iiuegg  died,  ,  .nil  she  in  luiw  a  widow, 
residing  in  Seattle,  \V  ash  in  j;ton.  Deeemher  2, 
18(10,  Mr.  llunsaker  married  Miss  Mary  K. 
Adame,  the  daughter  of  .lesse  11,  Adams,  and 
liy  this  nnirriage  there  were  eight  children,  only 
three  of  whom,  however,  are  now  living,  namely: 
l.nln,  now  Mrs.  .1.  I,.  Rogers,  a  druggist  of 
Me  Minnville;  I.ora  (who,  since  the  above  was 
written,  has  also  died,.Iune  8,  18!)2,  leaving  hut 
the  two,  Mrs.  Rogers  and  Wayland.)  the  wife 
of  Mr.  A.  M.  Sanders,  a  hardwart;  merchant 
of  .MeMinnville;  and  K.  Wayland,  residing  on 
the  (dd  tarm  in  Marion  county. 

tlCllARD  L.  SIMPSON,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1850,  and  is  a  successful  busi- 
ness man  of  Amity,  was  born  in  Tennes- 
see, .Ian  uai'y  10,1821).  His  father,  .lames  Simp- 
son, was  born  in  North  Carolina,  in  1772,  of 
Scot(!h  ancestry,  who  were  early  settlers  of  Vir- 
ginia. When  a  young  m.'in  his  father  became 
a  Kentucky  pioneer,  and  with  others  built  a 
fort,  by  aid  of  which  they  kept  the  Indians  at 
l)ay.  He  married  Miss  Levimi  Sowell,  a  native 
of  South  Carolina,  and  of  Irish  ancestry.  From 
Kentucky  they  moved  to  Tennessee,  where  his 
family  of  eight  children  were  brought  up.  In 
1858  be  removed  to  Missouri  and  died  there, 
in  1S()5,  in  his  ninety-third  year;  liis  wife 
had  ditd  two  years  previously.  Of  thei'-  family 
four  are  still  living. 

Mr.  R.  L.  Simpson,  our  subject,  was  odu,''atcd 
principally  in  Tennessee,  going  five  miles  ♦o 
Bchool.  In  1850  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  mined  on  the  American  river  below 
Coloma,  but  lie  became  sick,  and  left  the 
mines  in  search  of  health.  F'roin  San  Francisco 
he  came  by  water  to  Portland,  Oregon,  and 
thence  to  La  Fayette,  then  the  largest  town  in 
the  county.  lie  chopped  wood,  split  rails,  and 
helped  build  houses;  was  a  volunteer  in  the 
Indian  war  of  1855-'56,  serving  in  Company 


K,  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  saw  many 
of  the  characteristic  hardships  of  Indian  war- 
fare. At  one  time  he  subsisted  two  weeks  on 
horse  meat  alone.  The  whiUts  succeeded  in 
driving  the  Indians  out  of  the  State. 

When  the  railroad  was  in  process  of  con- 
struction he  went  lo  St.  .loseph,  Oregon,  and 
started  in  business  there,  expecting  that  that 
point  would  t)ecome  a  town  of  some  importance, 
but  the  |)lace  did  not  progress  far  in  that  di- 
rection, ami  he  took  (K)wn  his  store  buililing 
and  removed  it  to  Amity,  in  1874,  where  he 
has  since  resideit.  lie  amid.  M.  Kelty  had  a 
store  in  La  Fayette,  to  which  place  Mr.  Simp- 
son came  with  the  intention  hnally  of  closing 
the  "  St.  .lo"  branch  of  their  l)usiness  at  Amity ; 
and  while  there  he  became  favorably  impresseil 
with  the  town  and  decided  to  locate  tliere. 
During  the  administration  of  Presidents  Lin- 
coln and  Johnson  Mr.  Siinpson  held  the  ofHce 
of  I'ostnnister  at  La  Fayette;  si.x  years  later 
he  was  I'ostmaster  St.  Joseph,  in  1874  he  re- 
ceived a  similar  appointment  at  Amity,  and  has 
since  been  the  reliable  and  obliging  I'ostnnister 
at  that  place,  with  the  exception  of  three  years 
during  the  administration  of  President  Cleve- 
land. When  President  Harrison  whs  elected, 
the  citizens  of  Amity  induced  him  again  to 
acce])t  the  appointment. 

Mr.  Simpson  is  the  proprietor  of  the  only 
drug  store  in  Amity,  where  he  faithfully  serves 
the  demands  of  the  people  in  that  line.  In 
general  he  has  been  successful  in  business.  Ho 
owns  two  business  blocks  and  other  real  estate, 
some  in  Portland. 

Kver  since  the  organization  of  the  Republi- 
can party  he  has  acted  with  the  same.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  of  the 
1.  ().  O.  F.  and  A.  ().  U.  W.  Of  the  latter 
organization  he  is  Past  Master  Workman,  and 
he  is  Treasurer  of  Atnity  Lodge,  Nt).  20,  A.  F. 
&  A.  M.  He  is  also  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Oregon  Pharmaceutical  Society.  In  all  the 
relations  of  life,  with  which  he  has  been  con- 
nected, he  has  proved  iiitnself  to  bo  an  honor- 
able and  reliable  citizen. 


fOIIN  W.  MELDRUM,   County  Judge  of 
Clackamas  county,  was  a  pioneer  of  1845. 
He  was  born  near  Burlington,  Iowa,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1839.     His  father,  John  Meldrnm,  was  a 


HISTORY   OF  n/iK(ioy. 


737 


nHtive  of   Slinlliy  pourity,    Kentucky,  liorii    on 
Mnrch    17,   IHOS.     Tliu   rmiiily   an;  of   S.-otcli 
Irish  iinci'htry,  liiivin^   ri'inovt'd   froin    Srotlii!i<l 
to    Ireliiiid,    tlitMi    to    Afiifriwi    in    IHOtl.     Tlin 
.Indgi-'tt    ^'I'unill'ittlicr,    \U'\\   Williani    Mclilrnni, 
WHO  II  tTiinintcr  ol"  the    Mufiiodist  dotioniinatioii, 
Buttlud  in  Kentucky.  wlii:r<t  lie  i-cnidiMl  for  many 
years.     I li«  was  u  devoted  [ircaclier  of  the  jjob- 
nel.      I,at(>r  lie  removed  to  Illinoir*,  wlienslud^e 
IMel<inimV  latiier  wa«  rained,  and  inarricMJ  Mins 
Susanna  I  )e|iue,  u  native  of   Illiniiis,  of   Krencli 
ancestry.      In    1837    tiie    fatlier   and   family    re- 
moved to    Iowa.     Tlit<y  had   five   cliildreii    liorn 
to  tiiem  in    Illinois  and    Iowa,  with  whom  they 
crossed   tlie  phiiim   in    1845.     Judge   Middrnni 
wa'     then    in    Wis    Kt'th    year.     They    were    MX 
liHiithB  on  the  jouriu'y,  and  spent  tlie  lirst  win- 
ter in  Oregon    City,  tiien  a  viUage    containing 
hut  H  tew   houses.     Tliey    ■iui)se(iuently    resiihid 
at  diif'Tent  jihices,  farther   up  the   Wilhimette 
valley,  on  the  outskirts  of  the  settlement,  wliich, 
j'verywhere   was    sparse,  the  lionsea  heing  tew 
and  uir  between,  even  in  the   moat   thickly  set- 
tl'  d    portions  of  the  valley.     Tiie   Indians,  far 
outnumhering   their    pale-faced    hrethren,  were 
often   insolent,  and   were  a  constant  menace  to 
the  lives  and  property  of  the  settlers.      Hy  this 
time  the  discovery  of  golil   was  made  in  Cali- 
forTiia;  the    excitement  became  great,  and  the 
father  went  to  the  mines,  crossing  the  interven- 
ing wilderness  on  horseback.      Having  met  with 
fairly  good  success  in   mining,  be,  in  company 
with  others,  started  to  return  to  tlieir  homes  in 
Oregon.     On  their  way  back  they  wore  attacked 
and   rolibed   by  tlij    Kogue    river    Indians,  and 
barely   escaped    with    their    lives.      Tbey   were 
obliged   to  subsist   upon   what   tbey  could  kill 
with  their  guns,  and  in   that    way   made    their 
way  back.     Then  he  removed    to  the  month  of 
the    Columbia    river,    north    side,    and    in    the 
spring  of   1850  took  up  a  claim   of  640  acres 
of    land.       Of     this  land  he  acijuired  the  title, 
and    while  residing  there    lie    was    elected    to 
served  in  the  ofHees    of   County  (/Oinmissioner 
and  Probate  Judge  of  the  county.     There  were 
no  advatitages  for  sending  the  children  to  school, 
80  in  18.j()  he  returned  to  Oregon   City,  where 
he  bought  property  and   resided   up  to  the  time 
of  Ills  death.     The  mothei'  is  still  living  on  the 
property  in    Oregon    City,   where    they  have  a 
nice  home;  three  daughters  and  three  sons  are 
living.     One  of  the  dan^nters  is  the  wife  of  W. 
S.  Moore,  Judge  of  Klamath  county ;  the  second 
daiighter  is  the  wife  of  Ilea.  D.  V.  Thompson, 


of  I'ortland,  Oregon,  Hn<l  the  youngest  marri(-d 
Captain  F.  ( >.  McCown.  The  Judge's  brother 
Henry  resides  in  Oregon  City,  and  is  United 
States  Deputy  Surveyor. 

Judge  Meldrutn  was  educated  in  Oregon 
City,  where,  in  his  twentieth  year,  he  reaci  law, 
and  in  18(15  became  engaged  in  surveying,  litdd 
the  nppointmen.  of  Unilecl  States  Di^puty  .Sur- 
veyor'or  st^venteen  y*""''*. '""'  did  a  great  deal 
of  Hurveying  in  the  .Stale.  In  1878  he  inoveil 
on  his  farm,  tw  i  miles  below  the  city,  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river.  He  served  as  County 
.Siirveyo",  and  in  1890  was  electeil  (bounty 
.liidge.  This  otKce  he  is  now  tilling  with  credit 
to  himself  and  to  the  county.  He  gives  his 
decisions  in  a  (juiet,  unbiased  manner,  ami  his 
judgment  is  coiisideri'd  vcMy  reliable.  The  J  iidge 
has  always  been  a  Kepublican  in  |)olitie8. 

He  was  married  in  1S72  to  Mise  Georgia 
I'ope,  the  daughter  of  Charles  I'ope,  .Ir..  pio- 
7ieers  of  1850.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  .Meldrnm  have 
three  children  living,  one  having  died  in  in- 
fancy. The  others  are:  Charles  E.,  Kva  S.  and 
I).  Thompson.  Judge  Meldrum  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  K.,  has  passed  the  chairs,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  (irand  Lodge.  He  is  also  a 
tneml)er  of  the  (irand  Lodge,  A.  O.  (J.  W.  He 
is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
and  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  Hoard  of  Trus- 
tees of  same,  anil  has  contributed  to  all  good 
enterprises  in  the  town  during  his  whole  life. 
It  is  needless  to  add  that  Judge  Meldrum  is 
one  of  the  most  worthy  pioneers  of  the  State 
of  Oregon. 


— ij*t' 


fAMES  IREDELLE  THOMPSON  came  to 
Oregon  in  1852,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  connected  with  some  of  her  most  im- 
portant industries.  He  was  born  in  Surry 
county.  North  Carolina,  April  31, 1827,  a  son  of 
William  and  Feribee  (Holbrook)  Thompson, 
also  natives  of  North  Carolina;  the  paternal 
grandfather,  James  Thompson,  was  also  from 
North  Carolina.  James  I.  is  one  of  a  hiniily 
of  eight  children,  two  of  whom  survive.  He 
received  his  education  in  Surry  county  and  at 
Emery  an<l  Henry  College,  Virginia.  After 
leaving  school  he  taught  for  a  time,  but  hearing 
of  the  gold  ilisi'overies  in  California,  he  aban- 
doned the  profession  in  which  he  had  been  en- 
gaged, and  started  across  the  plains  to  the    Pa- 


738 


HISTORY    Oh-    OHEOON. 


fie  coast.  Tlio  journey  was  begun  March  10, 
1852,  and  the  party  arrivcl  at  PiiieGrov*?,  (Cali- 
fornia, September  19,  1852;  contrary  to  the 
usual  experience  they  had  a  pleasant  trip,  the 
usual  distressing  dangers  being  absent.  Mr. 
Thompson  engaged  in  Placer  mining  near 
Forbestown,  meeting  with  success;  thence  he 
went  to  Marysville,  where  he  clerked  in  a  gro- 
cery store  until  1854;  next  he  went  to  Yreka, 
Siskiyou  county,  and  mined  there  until  July  5, 
1858,  taking  out  from  §10  to  ^250  a  day.  He 
left  these  mines  and  went  co  Jacksonville  and 
Crescent  City,  and  took  a  steamer  for  Victoria, 
British  (Jolunibia;  he  narrowly  escaped  ship- 
wreck on  this  trip,  being  caught  in  a  severe 
Btoiin,  which  continued  tiiree  days  and  nights, 
lie  went  to  the  Fraser  river  early  in  the  spring, 
but  the  watei-s  were  too  high  for  mining,  con- 
sequently he  return!  d  to  Oregon,  and  stopped 
at  Independence,  I'olk  county;  there  he  taught 
school  for'S40  a  month  and  board.  After  the 
life  of  adventure  this  (juiet  occupation  palled 
upon  him,  and  he  decided  he  would  prefer  cut- 
ting saw  logs  in  the  mountains;  so  he  worked 
in  the  timber  for  a  season,  but  afterward  resumed 
teaching,  and  followed  this  call'-'g  two  years  at 
Eola,  iSalt  Creek  and  Red  Prairie.  In  1SG2  he 
started  from  Polk  county  for  the  Caribou  mines, 
the  distance  being  covered  from  March  10  to 
July  1.  He  gave  $75  for  a  sack  of  flour,  $15 
for  a  pick  and  -SIO  for  a  shovel;  he  mined  from 
July  1  until  September  19,  leaving  the  mines 
with  $2,500.  When  asked  why  he  abandoned 
the  enterprise,  he  replied:  "  I  had  my  wife 
picked  out,  and  had  promised  to  go  b.ack.'' 

He  was  married  December  11,  1862,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Dyer,  a  native  of  .fetferson,  Iowa,  and 
a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Dyer,  a  pioneer  of 
Oregon,  who  still  survives,  in  his  ninetieth  year. 
Mr.  Thompson  then  taught  school  for  a  year, 
and  at  the  end  of  that  time,  rented  the  old  Ford 
faiin,  where  he  engaged  in  raising  wheat,  a 
proHtalile  occupation.  In  iSfiO  he  was  elected 
Clerk  of  Polk  county,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
term  was  re-elected.  While  in  ottice  he  pur- 
chased a  tract  of  320  acres  at  Dixie,  to  which 
he  afterward  added  100  acres.  In  1870  he  re- 
moved to  this  place,  improving  it  at  a  cost  of 
S-1,200;  in  1S75  he  sold  it  for  $13,500.  His 
next  investmcTit  was  in  a  grain  warehouse,  which 
he  afterwaril  sold  at  a  sacrifice.  In  1878  he 
came  to  Salem  and  p  irchased  some  business  and 
residence  property,  and  since  that  time  has 
made  no  upeculations  in  the  commercial  world. 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  had  born  to  them 
six  children,  and  in  1877  live  of  them  were  cut 
down  by  that  terrible  disease,  diphtheria,  one 
month  (March)  covering  the  short  period  from 
the  beginning  of  the  sacriHce  to  the  end.  One 
child,  Hugh  H.  survives;  during  1891  he 
served  as  chi(>f  bookkeeper  at  the  State  Peni- 
tentiary. Mr.  Thompson  assisted  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Grange,  at  Dixie,  Polk  county, 
and  for  some  years  was  Secretary  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  at  Dallas,  county  seat  of  Polk  county.   In 

!)olitic8  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  earned  the 
eisure  due  so  many  years  of  industrious  toil, 
and  spends  much  of  hiatime  in  playing  cro- 
quet, a  game  in  which  he  has  won  a  v^hampion- 
ship. 


fliARLES  C.  HACKLEMAN,  a  nativeof 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Linn  county  on  the 
donation  claim  of  his  father,  July  (5,  18(53. 
Ilis  father,  John  II.  Ilackleman,  was  a  native 
of  Hush  county,  Indiana,  son  of  Abner  Hackle- 
man,  an  Oregon  jjioneer  of  1845,  who  returned 
to  Indiana  in  184(5  for  his  family,  but  was  pros- 
trated by  disease  that  resulted  in  his  death. 
John  began  to  support  himself  wlien  only  fif- 
teen, by  learning  the  trade  of  printer  at  liur- 
lington,  Iowa.  This  he  followed  until  the  8])ring 
of  1852.  when  ho  crossed  the  plains  with  his 
mother  and  landed  at  Albany,  (Jregon,  in  Sep- 
teinber.  They  located  a  donation  claim  and  he 
began  farming.  In  18(31  Mr.  Hackleman  pur- 
chased the  "  States  Rights  Democrat,"  and  as 
editor  and  proprietor  he  published  the  ])aper  at 
Albany  for  several  years.  He  then  engaged  in 
the  grain  and  warehouse  business  and  pork 
packing,  which  he  continueil  until  1872.  He 
was  then  elected  (;ierk  of  Linn  county,  atid  after 
he  had  completed  his  term  in  that  ofhce,  he  was 
appointed  Assistant  State  Treasurer  under  A. 
11.  Brown,  and  Clerk  of  School  Law,  and  remov- 
ing to  Salem,  he  held  the  position  until  1879, 
when  he  returtu^d  to  Albatiy  and  was  appointed 
Deputy  County  Clerk,  by  J.  L.  (Jo wan.  He 
held  that  office  until  his  death  in  1883.  His 
wife  (deceased  iti  1879)  was  Mi.ss  Elizabeth  A. 
Cowan,  daughter  of  A.  ('owan,  a  pionee:*  of 
1852.  They  were  married  in  1855,  and  had 
eleven  children,  nine  of  whom  survive. 

Charles  C.  was  educated  in  Albany  and  Salem 
and  remained  with  his   parents  until  the  death 


HISTORY    OF    OREdON. 


of  liis  father,  in  1883.  He  then  removed  to 
Lehiinon  and  engaged  as  clerk  in  the  inerciintile 
business  of  J.  L.  Cowan  ife  Company,  and  re- 
mained with  tliem  two  years.  In  1885  lie 
bonght  the  small  grocery  of  Charles  11.  Ualstoii, 
to  which  he  subsequently  added  dry  goods, 
boots  and  shoes,  and  has  continued  tiie  several 
departments,  though  making  a  specialty  of  the 
latter  articles,  lie  also  owns  valuable  property 
in  Lebanon. 

Mr.  Ilauklem.in  was  married  in  "Lebanon 
April  28,  1886,  to  Miss  Carrie  Ballard  of  Ore- 
gon, and  daughter  of  Dr.  D.  AV.  Ballard,  a 
pioneer  of  the  early  'oOe.  A  man  prominent 
in  medicine  and  State  craft,  serving  one  term  as 
State  Senator,  and  appointe<l  Governor  of  Idaho 
in  18(54,  b}'  President  Lincoln.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
U."('kleman  have  two  children,  Lonnor  and 
Kolland. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  F.  &  A.  AI.,  and  a 
charter  member  of  the  fire  department,  which 
wan  organized  in  1884.  He  has  served  two 
terms  ii;  the  City  Council,  and  he  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
also  one  of  the  able  and  reliable  business  men  of 
the  aiy. 


-=*-.< 


S-K"5=— 


iU.  L.  M.  Aisa)REWS.  a  veteran  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  one  of 
Oregon  City's  r.^putable  business  men,  is 
a  native  of  Ohio,  born  in  Kent,  Portage  county, 
October  16.  1824.  flis  father,  Rev.  John  An- 
drews, was  a  Presbyterian  minister,  born  in 
Connecticut  in  1801,  ir.id  was  of  Scotch  ancestry. 
Several  generations  of  the  family  resided  in  New 
England.  GraTui father  Samuel  Andrews  was  a 
farmer  of  Connecticut,  who  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1811,  settling  in  the  town  or  l?rimfield,  and  was 
a  pioneer  of  Ohio.  Cleveland  was  a  little  vil- 
lage at  that  time,  and  was  forty  miles  from  them, 
it  was  the  nearest  market.  The  father  of  Dr. 
Andrews  arrived  in  Ohio  in  his  tenth  year.  He 
was  reared,  educated  and  married  here,  the  lat- 
ter event  taking  place  when  he  wedded  Miss 
Charlotte  Moore,  a  nr.tive  of  Massachusetts. 
They  had  iWelve  children,  of  whom  eight  are 
yet  living.  The  Doctor  is  the  oldest  o"  the 
survivors  of  the  family,  and  was  the  foHiond 
child.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools  and  in  the  ThI- 
mage    Academy.     He  read   medicine  'vith  Dr. 


Amos  Wright,  and  then  attended  the  medical 
department  of  the  Western  Reserve  College, 
and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1852.  He  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Princeville, 
Peor- .  county,  Illinois,  where  lie  practiced  con- 
tinually for  twenty-three  years,  except  while 
acting  as  Surgeon  in  the  army  during  the  war. 
He  went  into  the  service  in  the  Department  of 
the  Tennessee,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  aiui  in 
December,  1862,  he  received  his  commission  as 
Surgeon  in  the  army,  in  the  Forty-Seventh  Illi- 
nois Volunteer  Infantry,  and  he  served  with  this 
regiment  through  all  the  company's  engage- 
ments, including  the  siege  and  capture  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  all  through  Banks'  Red  river  cam- 
paign, until  the  e.xpiration  of  his  service,  which 
was  in  October,  1864. .  At  this  time  his  eyes 
failed  him,  and  he  was  permitted  to  retire  frou) 
the  service.  He  returned  to  his  home,  and  after 
his  recovery  resumed  his  practice.  Later  ho  re- 
moved from  Illinois  to  the  town  of  Lewis,  (/ass 
county,  Iowa,  where  he  practiced  for  seventeen 
years.  In  his  practice  he  had  the  treatment  of 
malignant  diseases,  such  as  scarlet  fever  and 
diphtheria,  and  he  contracted  erysipelas;  and  ex- 
posure in  the  cold,  while  attending  his  patients 
night  and  day  during  the  inclement  winters  of 
Iowa,  told  upon  his  liealth,  so  he  came  to  Cali- 
fornia, looked  that  country  over,  and  then  came 
to  Oregon,  and  selected  Oregon  City  as  his 
home.  Having  led  an  active  existence  all  his 
life,  he  decided  to  open  a  drug  store  in  a  part 
of  the  town  where  one  was  needed,  on  Siventh 
street.  He  began  business  in  1891,  and  Is 
now  doing  a  successful  prescription  drug  busi- 
ness. 

Dr.  Andrews  was  married,  in  June,  1853, 
to  Miss  Fannie  G.  Robinson,  a  native  of  New 
York,  a  pleasant  little  lady,  who  has  made  the 
whole  journey  of  their  wedded  life  a  hopeful 
and  happy  one,  and  is  still  by  his  side,  a  faith- 
ful helpmate.  They  have  had  five  children, 
three  sons  and  two  daughters.  They  lost  their 
son,  John  K.,  In  his  twenty-fcpurth  year,  just  as 
he  had  been  admitted  to  the  bar,  a  promising 
young  lawyer;  two  of  the  sons,  Forest  C.  andt 
Edwin  B.,  have  pleasant  homes  of  their  own. 
and  reside  in  Oregon  City;  the  daughter,  Fan- 
nie E.,  is  the  wife  of  OriTi  II.  Wright,  and  re- 
sides in  Oregon  City;  and  the  daughter,  Mary 
Louise,  is  single  and  at  home  with  her  par- 
ents. 

The  Doctor  is  a  Past  Master  Mason,  and  is  a 
member  of  Meade  Post,  No.  2,  G.  A.  R.     In 


UlsrOHY    OF    OHKGUN. 


politics,  when  a  young  iimii  he  was  a  Wiiig,  hut 
thi!  irreat  issues  whicii  coulVoiited  the  country 
made  him  an  ardent  L'nion  iinin  and  Uepuhlivan, 
and  liis  record  in  tliat  direction  is  a  source  of 
pride  to  liini.  Diirinif  his  practice  of  medicine 
in  Illinois  and  Iowa,  lie  had  a  large  practice, 
and  did  much  hard  riding  night  and  day  to  al- 
leviate the  sutlerings  of  rich  and  poor  alike,  and 
out  ot  the  kindness  of  his  heart,  he  often  treated 
poor  j)eople  who  had  little  ahility  to  pay  him. 
lie  al^o  numhered  among  his  patients  many  of 
the  best  people  in  the  counties  in  which  he  prac- 
ticed. He  so  conducted  his  lite  that  he  made 
hosts  of  warm  friends.  From  all  of  these  he 
liad  to  hreak  away  tcj  spend  the  remainder  of  his 
life  in  the  mild  climate  of  Oregon,  in  pictur- 
esque little  Oregon  City,  where  all  who  know 
him  and  his  good  wito.  wish  theui  much  happi- 
ness. 


iEWlTT  C.  LATOURETTE,  an  eminent 
financier  and  hanker  of  Oregon  (!ity,  Ore- 
gon, is  of  French  ancestry,  wiio  came  to 
America  during  the  French  Kevolutioii,  locating 
at  8taten  Island,  llis  grandfather,  Daniel,  and 
his  father,  L.  1).  C.  l.atourette,  were  both  born 
in  New  York,  the  latter  in  1825. 

Mr.  L.  U.  C.  Latourette  married  Miss  l.ncy 
J.  Fisher,  a  native  of  Vermont,  in  1850.  In 
the  spring  of  1849  ho  removed  from  Oregon  to 
California,  whei'e  he  mined  on  Featiier  river, 
meeting  with  considerable  success.  IJe  returned 
in  1850  to  Oregon  City,  Oregon,  where  he 
opened  a  general  merchandise  store.  After 
being  in  liusiness  some  time,  he  sold  out  and 
took  a  donation  claim,  situated  four  miles  east 
of  Oregon  Citj,  building  a  cabin  in  the  forest 
on  his  property,  in  which  he  resided  until  his 
death.  He  held  for  some  time  the  office  of 
County  Commissioner,  and  was  esteemed  in 
Clackamas  county  as  a  man  of  ahility  and  in- 
tegrity.  The  grandfather  of  oiir  subject,  on  the 
maternal  side,  was  Rev.  iizra  Fisher,  a  devoted 
'.  aptist  minister,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1845, 
where  he  organized  many  Baptist  churches  in 
the  Willamette  valley,  as  well  as  in  eastern  Ore- 
gon, sjiending  his  wiiole  life  heralding  the  gos- 
pel of  righteoustiess.  The  parents  of  our  sub- 
ject had  two  children,  himself  and  a  brother, 
who  is  now  the  Rev.  Willard  II.  Latourette,  of 
Alameda,  California. 


Our  subject  was  born  in  Oregon  (!ity  in 
185(5,  and  was  educated  at  the  Pacific  Univer- 
sity, from  which  he  graduated  in  1878.  He 
taught  school  for  some  time  in  Vam  Hillcounty, 
but  soon  began  the  study  of  law,  being  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1882,  and  beginning  his  practice 
in  Oregon  City,  where  he  is  still  located.  In 
188'J  lieaided  in  organizing  theCoinniercial  Bank 
of  Oregon  City,  of  which  he  was  at  that  time 
elected  president,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  is  a  stockholder  in  several  business  enter- 
prises ot  hiscity,  but  takes  no  active  interest  in 
any  but  law  anil  banking.  The  Commercial 
Bank  of  Oregon  (!ity  ha-s  a  ca[)ital  stock  of 
$100,000,  and  under  President  Latonrette's 
management  is  yearly  increasing  its  luisiness. 
He  lias  constructed  several  of  the  business 
buildings  of  his  city,  one  of  which  is  the  hank 
building. 

He  was  married  in  1882  to  Miss  Ella  Scott, 
a  native  of  the  State  of  Washington,  and  a 
daughter  of  John  T.  and  Ruth  (Eckler)  Scott, 
and  sister  of  11.  W.  Scott,  of  the  Oregon iaii. 
They  have  two  children,  both  born  in  Oregon 
City,  who  are   named  Kenneth  S.  and  Ruth  L. 

He  adheres  to  the  faith  of  so  many  of  his 
forefathers,  that  of  the  Bajitist  Church,  being 
one  ol  the  deacons  of  that  denomination. 

t)f  undeviating  fidelity,  unimpeachable  integ- 
rity and  superior  financial  ability,  he  has  gained 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citiz(<ns, 
and  all  with  whom  he  comes  in  contnct  or  dues 
business.  Devotedly  attached  to  the  city  of  his 
birth,  he  ardently  espouses  all  intercrfs  or  enter- 
prises tending  to  her  advancement  and  wel- 
fare. 


s^^ 


^ 


JSAAC  HUTLER,  of  Hillshoro,  Washington 
3]  coi  .ity,  Oregon,  is  one  of  the  few  iirave 
*^  pioneers  of  (>regon  that  are  left  of  the  num- 
ber who  crossed  the  vast  plaint;  mi  1845,  and 
who  have  made  their  continuous  hone  in  that 
State.  He  has  made  it  the  place  o"  his  resi- 
dence for  the  past  forty-seven  year  ,  a  period 
covering  the  settlement,  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  the  now  great  comuKjiiWealth.  Mr. 
Uutler  was  born  in  Alabama  on  the  13th  of 
June,  1820.  His  father,  John  Butler,  was  born 
in  the  same  State,  and  married  Mrs.  Margan^t 
Thrasher.  They  had  eight  children,  two  sons 
and  eix  daughters.     Tiie^  removed  to  Tennes- 


MiMi 


UISTORr    OF    OHKGON. 


731 


see,  ami  ri'siiled  twelve  iiiilew  east  of  Meiiipliis. 
Wlien  Mr.  IJutler  was  eight  years  old  his 
mother  died,  and  later  the  tHinily  removed  to 
Illinois,  and  from  there  to  Missouri.  JJuriiig 
this  time  the  father  and  one  sister  perished  in  a 
hlizzard.  After  this  he  was  left  to  depend  on 
himself.  Having  to  look  out  for  his  own  siip- 
])ort  as  he  did,  of  course,  he  never  enjoyed  any 
of  the  advantages  of  education. 

lie  married  in  Missouri  Miss  Tabitha  J. 
Tucker,  and  soon  after  they  crossed  the  plains 
t(if:ether  to  make  for  themselves  a  home  in  the 
then  comparatively  unknown  region,  Oregon 
Territory.  They  left  Missouri  in  the  spring  of 
1845,  and  were  six  months  on  the  way.  Some 
of  their  company  suffered  with  sickness,  but 
both  Mr.  I'.utler  and  his  wile  kept  their  health. 
Mr.  Butler  had  one  yoke  of  oxen,  and  he  hitched 
it  with  the  teams  of  another  man  and  agreeing;  to 
drive  reached  Fort  Fisher.  They  disagreed 
and  <lis8olved  partnership,  but  Mr.  Butler  had 
another  chance  with  a  man,  and  in  that  way 
completed  the  journey.  His  leather  breeches 
80  shrunk  on  the  trip  that  he  had  to  cut  them 
off  when  he  reached  Oregon,  lie  took  a  dona- 
tion claim  in  the  public  region,  four  miles  east 
of  Hillsboro,  in  Washington  county.  The  near- 
est town  was  Oregon  City,  and  that  had  only  a 
few  inhabitants,  lie  built  a  little  log  cabin  on 
his  land,  and  struggled  to  live  during  those 
hard  pioneer  days,  lie  improved  his  farm,  and 
resided  on  it  for  forty-one  years,  when  he  rented 
it  and  went  to  Hillsboro  to  reside. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Butler  had  ten  children,  all  of 
whom  they  raised,  and  all  are  now  living.  She 
died  in  1809.  The  children  are:  George  W., 
John  Thomas;  Sarah,  now  Mrs.  George  lloop- 
engarner;  Charles,  William;  Ann  Elizabeth, 
now  Mrs.  Alonza  Sigler;  Elzadia  A.,  now  Mrs. 
C.  Bloyd;  Benjamin  F.;  Lucy  Ellen,  now  Mrs. 
James  Sigler;  Mary  Emaline,  now  Mrs.  Uoeco 
StajiU's.  Three  years  after  the  death  of  his 
wife,  Mr.  Butler  married  again,  this  time  Mrs. 
Polly  C.  Moore.  She  had  a  daughter,  Anna 
Eliza  Moore.  They  have  had  live  children, 
namely:  llattie  May,  Isaac  Mark,  Fred,  James 
and  Lottie  II.,  making  in  all,  sixteen  children 
that  Mr.  Butler  has  raised,  and  has  twenty-three 
grandchildren. 

In  1860  he  engaged  in  sawmilling,  wiiich  he 
has  continued  in  a<ldition  to  his  farm  work. 
He  has  recently  built  a  mill  adjacent  to  Hills- 
boro, and  his  sons  are  attending  to  it  for  him. 
Mr.  Butler  has  been  a    Democrat  all   his  life. 


and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  denomina- 
tion. He  is  a  member  of  the  Tualitin  Lodge, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  ills  life  has  been  one  of  in- 
dustry, and  all  the  wealth  that  he  enjoys  at 
present  was  obtained   by  hard  and  steady  work. 

■ — ^^i@:i§)»-^^ — 

[  AMUEL  B.  CALIFF,  the  present  obliging 
J  and  reliable  Treasurer  of  Clac';ama8  county, 
is  a  native  of  I'ennsylvan-d,  born  Febru- 
ary 3,  1820.  His  father.  Joel  Califf,  was  born 
in  1797,  in  Vermont,  where  his  grandfather 
was  a  civil  officer,  and  where  his  father,  Stephen 
Califf,  was  also  born.  The  name  originated  in 
Persia.  They  were  Baptists  in  reli<:ion.  Joel 
Calilf  married  Jane  Saulsbury,  of  Uliode  Island. 
They  had  nine  children,  six  of  wh(>.n  are  still 
living,  three  in  Oregon.  The  father  removed 
to  Pennsylvania  in  1814,  and  settled  at  Smith- 
lield,  Bradford  county.  In  1844  ho  removed 
to  Wisconsin,  and  in  1852  to  Iowa,  where  his 
death  occurred  in  1861.  The  mother  died  in 
1889,  ill  iier  eighty-eighth  year. 

Samuel  was  the  third  child,  and  was  raised 
in  Pennsylvania  until  his  seventeenili  year. 
He  was  sent  to  the  public  schools  in  the  little 
log  schoolhouse,  and  worked  hard  on  the  farm. 
He  removed  to  Wisconsin  with  the  family,  and 
continued  with  his  father  on  their  farm  for  a 
year  or  two,  and  then  learned  the  trade  of 
mason.  He  followed  it  and  farming  until  1862, 
when  the  great  need  of  the  country  prevailed 
on  him  to  leave  his  wife  and  little  children,  and 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Union  army,  to 
fight  under  the  folds  of  the  grand  old  flag.  His 
company  was  Company  K,  Thirty-eightli  Iowa 
Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  sent  dowi:  t!:e 
Mississippi,  and  participated  in  the  siege  and 
capture  of  Vicksbiirg.  From  there  he  went  to 
the  (iulf,  participating  with  his  regiment  in  all 
the  engagements  there  and  on  the  lied  river, 
and  was  at  the  taking  of  Mobile.  They  were 
ordered  to  Texas,  where  they  remained  on  duty 
until  .fuly,  1865.  The  siege  of  Vicksburg  was 
his  first  big  tight,  and  so  bravely  did  he  dis- 
tinguish himself  as  a  valiant  soldier  that  he  was 
promoted  to  be  Captain  of  his  company.  The 
order  read,  "  For  meritorious  conduct  at  the 
capture  of  Vicksburg."  He  held  his  office  as 
Captain  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  in  1864 
he  had  charge  of  Fort  Brown,  by  order,  and  re- 
built  it.     While  engaged   here  he  was  acting 


733 


HISTOIir    OF    OUKGON. 


\i 


W        !| 


Brevet  ifs'.jor,  by  order  of  (ieneral  Frank  Heron. 
In  the  work  on  Fort  Urown  liis  knowleil<^e  of 
masonry  served  liiin  well,  as  lie  knew  what  to 
do  and  how  to  do  it.  At  Vicksburg  his  regi- 
ment was  constantly  under  lire  tor  nineteen 
days,  and  he  partit-ipated  in  as  many  as  twenty- 
tive  skirmishes  and  en^agemonts,  and  never  re- 
ceived a  scratch  or  was  disabled  in  any  way, 
except  for  a  few  days  in  the  hosjjital  at  New 
Orleans.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned 
to  his  wife  and  home,  a  veteran  and  a  victor. 
lie  has  ever  since  enjoyed  great  satisfaction 
from  the  thought  that  when  his  country  needed 
him  he  did  not  allow  any  thought  of  self  to  in- 
tervene. The  soldier  laid  down  his  sword  and 
lOok  up  his  trowel,  and  quietly  went  back  to  his 
peaceful  vocation.  A  little  later  he  took  a 
lioinestead  of  KiO  acres  of  land,  on  which  he 
built  and  the  family  resided. 

He  had  married  Elizabeth  llollenbeck,  of 
(.ireene  county,  New  York,  September  24, 1849. 
They  have  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living:  Charles,  (ieorge,  Lizzy,  Edward,  Ida 
and  Nora.  Jane,  the  third  child,  died  in  her 
second  year. 

The  family  resided  on  their  farm  until  1871, 
when  Mr.  Caliif  sold,  and  in  1873  came  to  Ore- 
gon City  and  worked  ai  his  trade  until  1884, 
when  he  was  elected  I'olice  Judge  and  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  and  four  years  later  was  elected  to 
the  responsible  position  of  Treasurer  of  the 
county,  in  which  jiosition  he  is  now  serving, 
lie  has  liuilt  a  good  home  in  Oregon  City, 
where  he  resides  with  his  family,  lie  takes  a 
deep  interest  in  the  well-being  of  his  town, 
county  and  State,  and  he  votes  the  Republican 
ticket,  lie  is  a  charter  member  of  ileade  Post, 
(t.  a.  K.,and  has  held  most  of  the  offices  of  the 
post,  and  is  now  Adjutant.  He  is  a  memt)erof 
the  Masonic  fraternity  and  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  is  Past 
Master  of  the  former  lodge.  He  has  reBi<led 
twenty  years  in  Oregon  City,  and  is  valued  as 
one  of  her  best  citizens. 


jj,^KACO\  JOHN    1?RUSH,  a  retired  resi- 
dent of  Alt)any.  and  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1847,  was  born  in  Hetliel,  Ontario  countv, 
New  York,  in  1822. 

His  father,  (Charles  |{rush,  a  native  of  Dan- 
bury,  Connecticut,  was  a  descendant  of  Scotch 
ancestry.     He  move      to  New   York  and   there 


married  Miss  Sarah  A.  HoUett.  Locating  in 
Petliel,  Ontario  county,  soon  after  his  marriage, 
he  engaged  in  the  hotel  and  mercantile  busi- 
ness until  1834,  when  he  moved  to  Bridge- 
water,  Michigan,  and  settled  on  a  farm. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  remained  with  his 
parents  till  he  reached  his  majority.  In  1843 
he  went  to  Misliawaka,  Indiana,  where  he  be- 
gan learning  the  trade  of  carpenter  ami  cabinet- 
maker and  also  worked  in  a  f  inning-mill  man- 
ufactory three  years.  In  ttie  fall  of  1840  he 
went  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  the  follow- 
ing spring,  in  partnership  with  David  Cutting, 
procured  a  team  and  joined  a  company  bound 
fur  Oregon,  Lot  Whitoomb  being  captain  of 
this  company.  The  train  numbered  ahout  sev- 
enty-tive  wagons.  At  the  I'latte  river  the  com- 
pany divided,  and  Mr.  Brush  was  made  captain 
of  the  Cutting  and  Matoon  division.  He  acted 
in  that  capacity  until  they  reached  Fort  Hall, 
where,  on  account  of  the  provisions  running 
short,  he  and  a  few  companion.s  left  the  com- 
l)any  and  traveled  with  pack  horses,  thus  being 
enabled  to  make  greater  speed.  They  reached 
Oregon  City  in  September,  1847.  The  tirst 
winter  he.  taught  school  at  Clackamas,  living 
with  the  Cutting  family.  The  following  spring 
he  contracted  with  Fendall  C.  Casson  to  build 
forty  fanning-mills,  at  $13.50  each,  after  a  Vir- 
ginia pattern,  lieing  of  wood  and  sheet  iron. 
This  job  he  completed  in  about  two  months  and 
a  half. 

Hearing  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia, he  started  for  the  "diggings"  the  Ist 
of  September,  packing  across  the  Siskiyou 
mountains  and  down  the  Sacramento  river. 
They  proceeded  to  "Sodom  and  (Tomorrah," 
afterward  called  "Hangtown,"  and  now  is  known 
as  Placerville.  Leaving  the  dry  "diggings," 
they  went  to  the  American  river,  where  Mr. 
Bush  was  very  successful  in  his  mining  opera- 
tions. He  continued  there  until  Ajiril.  1849, 
when,  on  account  of  scurv'j  he  was  obliged  to 
leave  the  place.  Gold  was  so  plentit  il  that  ho 
made  from  840  to  $100  per  .lu;.,  and  he  car- 
ried away  with  him  Sfi.OOO  in  gold  dust.  About 
May  1  he  left  San  Francisco  for  New  York, 
going  via  Panama.  Crossing  the  Isthmus  on 
foot  and  by  canoes,  he  Iv^arded  the  steamer 
Crescent  City  at  Chagres  for  New  Orleans, 
tiience  to  Cuba,  and  from  there  to  New  York. 
At  Philadelphia  Mr.  Brush  converted  his  gold 
dust  into  coin,  and  jjoiiig  to  Michigan,  bought 
a    farm    near    his   old    home  at    Clinton.     He 


nraroHY  of  oueoon. 


inn 


farniod  there  till  1859.  Tiiat  year  he  sold  out, 
boiijfht  some  })ro|)t<rty  in  Clinton,  and  loaned 
the  rest  of  liis  money  on  farm  mortijages.  After 
the  war  broke  out  and  currency  depreciated  to 
33.',  cents  for  81,  his  loans  were  paid  oH"  and 
he  was  a  heavy  loser.  He  then  enj^aged  in  the 
mercantilo  business  in  Clintr ii,  continnincf  the 
same  until  1873.  That  >..,  he  returned  to 
Oreijron.  lie  bouffht  tiie  S.  S.  White  farm  of 
170  acres  near  Oregon  City,  and  after  living  on 
it  three  years,  sold  out  for  S1,000  more  than 
the  purchase  price.  Ho  then  came  to  Albany 
and  i)ought  his  present  home,  on  the  corner  of 
Fourth  and  Railroad  street.  For  three  years  he 
was  engaged  in  the  grocery  business,  two  years 
manufactured  fauninfj-inills,  and  after  that 
turneil  his  attention  to  luakiui^  wire  cloth  for 
sifting  and  other  purposes.  In  1882,  in  con- 
nection witii  the  wire  cloth  business,  he  began 
manufacturing  woven  wire  mattresses,  which  he 
continued  with  largely  increased  operations  un- 
til 1889.  That  year  he  sold  out,  and  has  since 
been  retired  from  active  life. 

Mr.  Brush  was  married,  in  Michigaii,  Jan- 
uary 4,  1855,  to  Miss  Alinira  Brewster,  a  na- 
tive of  New  Vork.  Tiiey  have  three  children, 
natnely:  Charles  L.,  who  is  engaged  in  the  real- 
estate  business  in  Portland;  Emma  A.,  wife  of 
.lohn  Wilkinson;  and  Ida  M.,  wife  of  W.  IS. 
liuell. 

Mr.  Hrusii  is  a  member  of  Corinthian  Lodge, 
No.  17,  and  I'.aily  (Jliapter.  No.  S,  F.  iSi  A.  M., 
and  is  a  Deacon  in  the  Consiregational  Church. 
He  has  served  as  Sciiool  Inspector  and.histico 
of  the  Peace  for  sevcTai  years.  With  yihysical 
force  and  energy  unaliated,  he  is  a  worthy  type 
of  the  Oregon  [lioneer. 


15.  .McCOUI),  one  of  the  leading  hardware 
merchants  of  Baker  City,  Oregon,  was 
'*  born  in  Mercer  county,  Penn.^-ylvania, 
Ju'ly  22,  1842,  third  in  a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren. He  was  born  in  the  same  log  house,  in 
which  his  father.  Perry  McCord,  came  into  the 
world.  When  S.  B.  was  only  two  years  old,  his 
father  moved  to  Wisconsin,  but  soon  made  his 
way  back  to  his  native  State.     In  1850  he  re 


i 


turned   to  Wisconsin,    remained    there    twelve 

ears,  and  in   1862  emigrated   to  Oregon   with 

lis  eldest  son,    U.  I).  McCJord,  ami   settled   in   |   City. 
F^ak 


His  death  occurred  February  22, 1888,  when  he 
was  seventy-two  years  of  age.     Until  his  removal 
to  Oregon  he  was  engaged   in  agricultural  |>ur 
suits,  but  then  gave  up  that  calling  to  seek  a 
fortune  in  the  gold  beds  of  Baker  county. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  to  farm 
life  and  received  his  iducation  in  the  country 
schools  of  Wisconsin.  At  the  ago  of  eighteen 
he  began  to  learn  the  iilacksuiith's  trade,  and 
served  a  two-years'  apprenticeship.  He  started 
westward  to  seek  his  fortune  on  the  Pacific  coast 
in  18(i4.  Procee<ling  to  Missouri,  he  there  hired 
as  teamster  to  a  party  crossing  the  plains,  agree- 
ing to  do  whatever  work, came  up,  from  driving 
mules  to  fii;htin<£  Indians,  as  the  savacjcs  were 
quite  hostile.  He  was  si.\  months  making  the 
journey  to  Baker  county,  but  was  not  requircil 
to  exhibit  his  prowess  in  lighting  the  Indians, 
as  tiiey  gave  no  troul)le  to  the  |)arty,  although 
he  witnessed  several  battles  between  other  emi- 
grants and  the  Indians.  His  party  chose  the 
south  side  of  North  Platte  river,  anil  tlie  fight- 
ing was  all  on  the  north  siile  of  the  river. 

S.  B.  McCord  landed  in  Baker  county  in  18G4, 
two  years  after  his  father.  His  first  act  was  to 
open  a  small  shop,  in  company  with  his  brother, 
in  a  little  town  called  Pocahontas,  a  ininiTig 
village,  of  which  ]\o  trace  now  exists.  Here  he 
pursued  his  trade  until  Baker  City  was  organ- 
ized in  1805,  when  11.  1).  McCord  renu)ved  there, 
and  S.  li.  McCord  located  in  Wingvillc.  where 
he  started  a  blacksmith  shoj).  In  18(18  our 
subject  removed  to  Baker  City,  opened  a  shop, 
and  in  1878  put  in  a  small  stock  of  hardware  in 
addition.  So  successful  did  this  business  prove 
that  he  has  contitined  in  the  hardware  business 
ever  since,  alto  continuing  the  shops  to  the  jire- 
sent  time;  and  his  whole  attention  is  rcrpiired 
for  the  care  of  his  enormous  business.  He  car- 
ries a  very  largo  stock  of  hardware  .and  hard 
wood,  doing  a  ousiness  of  from  $75.00t)  to  §80,- 
000  a  year. 

Mr.  McCord  was  married,  in  1871,  to  Miss 
Angie  Speelman,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  who 
removed  from  Iowa  to  Oregon  with  her  ])arents 
in  1802.  Following  are  the  names  of  their  chil- 
dren: Harvey  fJ.,  Nelson  It.,  Oliver  P.,  (ieorge 
W.  and  S.  McCord,  and  Etfie  P.,  Lizzie,  Pearl 
and  Jane.  The  oldest  daughter  married  Asa  (J. 
Shinn,  and  her  two  children,  a  son  and  daugh- 
ter, are  the  pride  of  the  grandfather's  heart. 
All    of    these  children  are  residents    of  Baker 


er  county,  where  he  engaged    in    mining.  The  subject  of  this   sketch    is  one  of  Bakey 


«o 


784 


UlSTORT    OF    OREGON. 


cuimlv's  lit'st  p|it'('iiiieii.s  of  folf-made  men.  He 
started  in  life  without  a  ecnt,  and  lias  acctiinu- 
luted  (jnite  a  fiTtiiiie.  Me  has  i^rown  with  the 
county,  sHi'C'ceding  in  whatever  he  has  under- 
taken, and  18  already  reaping  tiie  reward  ol'  liii* 
eaaly  years  of  industry.      As  he  in  still  in  the 

firiine  of  lite  tliere  is  no  doulit.  hut  that  the 
utnre  holds  many  briglit  prospeets  in  store  for 
him.  He  was  elected  Mayor  of  Jiaker  City  four 
times,  and  was  tiie  first  man  to  hold  that  offie(^ 
in  the  eity.  He  was  the  principal  mover,  while 
Mayor,  in  a  eity  water  works'  system,  wliicli 
was  completed  during  liis  mayoralty,  and  is  a 
grand  success,  being  as  good  a  system  :.s  exists 
in  any  western  town  ot  no  greater  jiopulation. 
The  system  has  many  times  saved  from  loss  liy 
tire  many  times  the  first  cost  of  the  entire  jdaiit. 
Previous  to  Iiis  election  to  liis  oflice.  Mr.  Mc- 
Cord  served  one  term  on  the  City  (!ouiieil,  and 
is  now  serving  liis  fourth  term  as  County  Treas- 
urer of  leaker  county,  demonstrating  the  entire 
confidence  placed  in  liini  liy  the  jieople.  He  is 
a  I)emocrat  in  politics,  hut  is  liheral  in  his 
views,  and  is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  business 
men  of  tiie  Western  coast. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of    the  life  of  one  of 
Baker  City's  promit.ent  men. 


f  H.HALL,  A.M.,  M.  I).,  prominent  among 
the  early  educators  of  the  State,  was  born 
<*  in  Lexington,  Kentucky,  in  1835.  His 
ancestry  on  the  paternal  side  was  from  Wales, 
and  among  the  early  settlers  of  the  United 
States.  His  mother  was  of  the  .fardan  family 
of  New  England,  descended  from  Puritan  stock. 
His  f-.'her,  W.  I'>.  Hall,  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ainr  iibseijiiently  settling  in  Kentucky,  and 
nei  •;  liimbered  among  the  distinguished  band 
of  '•  '  ".'  Soilers,"'  opposed  to  .slavery.  He  em- 
igrate.;. !n  1844,  to  IndianajHilis,  Indiana.  Sub- 
sequcTitly  he  purchased  15,360  acres  of  wild 
land  on  the  Wabi-sli  flats,  and  then  brought 
sixty-six  slaves  from  bondage  in  Kentucky,  col- 
onized them  on  his  land  in  Indiana  and  gave 
them  tlieir  liberty.  Hiring  some  of  tliem  to 
work  for  him,  leasing  tracts  to  others  who  pre- 
ferred to  have  their  own  property,  he  treated 
all  alike,  as  tree  men  under  a  common  flag  of 
freedcm.  He  then  liegan  the  raising  of  hogs, 
with  a  packing  house  at  Terra  Haute,  and  river 
boats  for  freighting;  he  did  an  extensive  busi- 


ness upon  the  Wabash  and  Mississippi  rivers, 
which  industrv  he  continued  until  his  death,  in 
18(i!». 

C.  H.  Hall  waseilucated  at  the  Indiana  A»- 
bury,  and  afterward  at  the  l)e  I'auw  University, 
at  Greeneastle,  Indiana,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  1854.  He  then  went  to  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  and  began  to  study  medicine,  bnt 
was  diverted  from  his  plan  in  1855  and  joined 
a  (ioveninient  train,  under  Captain  Williaiii 
Craig,  of  the  Engineer  Corps,  and  assisted  iii 
the  ]irelimiiiary  survey  for  a  railroad  to  the  I'a- 
cific  coast,  which  route  was  adopted  by  the 
C'entral  Pacific  Uailroad  Company.  Mr.  Hall 
then  passed  one  year  in  mining  and  packing 
through  the  northern  mines  of  ('alifornia,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1856  he  actcepted  a  professorship 
of  natural  seience  at  the  Willamette  I'niversity 
at  Salem.  Oregon,  and  remained  three  years, 
wlien  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the  Santa 
Ana  Academy  at  Lebanon,  Linn  county.  In 
18()0  he  was  ajipoiiited  principal  of  the  Port- 
land Academy  and  Female  Seminary,  which 
he  satisfactorily  conducted  until  1867,  when  ho 
resigned  to  complete  his  medical  education. 
He  then  attended  the  first  course  of  lectures  at 
the  medical  department  of  the  Willamette 
University,  and  being  far  advanced  in  the  pro- 
fession, he  graduated  in  1868.  He  commenced 
practice  in  Uoverninent  service  at  Fort  Yam 
Hill  in  western  Oregon,  and  tliere  remained 
for  three  years.  In  1871  he  returned  to  the 
Willamette  University  and  accepted  a  profes- 
sorship in  the  medical  department,  on  Pathol- 
ogy and  (u'lieral  Practice  an<l  also  became  editor- 
in-chief  of  the  Oregon  Medical  and  Surgical 
.fournal,  with  which  he  was  connected  until 
1877,  when  the  medical  <lepartnient  was  moved 
to  Portland  He  then  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Salem,  which  he  has  followed  con- 
tiniionsly  to  the  present  date.  In  1887  he  ac- 
cepted a  chair  in  the  medical  department  at 
Portland,  as  Professor  of  Theory  and  I'rHcticeof 
Medicine  and  (ieneral  Pathology,  in  which  he  is 
still  engaged,  devoting  two  days  of  each  week 
at  the  college  and  clinics  at  the  free  dispensary, 
and  the  balance  of  the  week  he  devotes  to  his 
patients  at  Salem. 

Dr.  Hall  was  married  at  Salem,  in  1859,  to 
Miss  Mary  Waller,  daughter  of  Uev.  Alvin 
Waller,  on.'  of  the  early  Methodist  missionaries 
to  Oregon,  who  came  to  the  State  in  183!t  and 
was  stationed  at  the  Dalles  at  the  time  of  the 
terrible  Whitman  massacre,  in  1847.     He  was 


nrSTORY     <iF    OllBGOy. 


T.ir, 


u  faithful  worker  from  183'J  to  1H77.  iiiul  at  tlu- 
(lati!  ot  Iii8  ilnatli,  ill  lS7I*,  lin  w.'i-i  oiiilowiiii'ii  t 
ai;etit  at  tlie  Willainettn   llriivurtilty. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hall  liavd  had  thri'C  children: 
Neliio  K.,  now  Mr.-i.  (Tei)ri.;e  1*.  Gray,  of  Gray 
Brotlier.s,  hardware  merchants  of  Silein;  Geor- 
gie  B.,  deceased;  and  Esther  E.,  now  married 
to  .[.  II.  McNary,  (Jounty   Recorder. 

Dr.  Hall  is  ft  memijer  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
I\.  of  I*.,  the  ()refj;oii  State  Medical  Association 
and  International  Medical  Congress. 


?\V.  CUSICK,  a  banker  and  iiiflnential 
citizen  of  Alhaiiy,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
o  Adams  county,  Illinois,  in  1835.  His 
father,  Solomon  Cusick.  was  a  native  of  New 
York,  and  directly  descended  from  that  cele- 
brated Holland  family,  .\meka  .laiis,  wlio  was 
among  tiie  early  settlers  of  New  York  city. 
His  father  married  Maria  llollembeak,  of  I'enn- 
sylvania,  and  about  1820.  emigrated  to  Wabash 
county,  Illinois,  and  six  years  later,  in  1820, 
went  to  Adams  county,  of  the  same  State, 
where  he  followed  farrninjj;,  until  the  spring  of 
1853  when  he  sold  his  farm  to  join  the  emigra- 
tion to  Oregon,  lie  started  with  four  wagons 
and  eighteen  yoke  of  oxen,  six  horses  and  sixty 
heail  of  young  cattle.  He  and  his  wife,  with 
five  children,  composed  the  family,  with  suf- 
ficient hired  men  to  drive  the  teams  and  cattle. 
They  joinetl  the  Illinois  train,  numbering 
tweiity-ono  wagons  and  eighty  [leople.  Robert 
George  (Jusick,  Solomon's  brother,  was  elected 
captain  of  the  train.  Their  progress  was  pleas- 
ant and  uninterrupted  until  they  reached  Snake 
river,  where  they  lost  nine  yoke  of  uxen  from 
alkali  poison,  but  with  plenty  of  loose  cattle  to 
take  their  place,  they  continued  their  journey 
without  delay  to  the  Dalles,  and  thence  by  river 
and  trail  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sandy,  and  from 
there  ilrove  to  Oregon  Oily.  There  they  ar- 
rived on  Sejiteinber  17,  1853,  with  nine  yoke  of 
oxen,  six  horses,  all  the  loose  cattle,  and  the 
entirt!  family,  all  in  good  health,  and  the  family 
duly  grateful  for  their  safe  and  successful  jour- 
ney. As  they  drove  through  Oregon  City,  the 
merchants  came  out  and  presented  to  them  some 
little  gift,  and  our  subject  remembers  thom 
with  pleasure.  The  family  proceeded  to  the 
fork  of  the  Santiam  river,  where  they  located 
on  820  acres  and  cominenced  to  look  about  for 


some  means  of  sup|ilylng  tliem.-^elves  with  food, 
as  they  were  out  of  supplies  and  money.  ai]<l 
wheat  was  selling  for  )?()  a  bushel. 

Our  subject  was  eilucated  at  liarry  College, 
Illinois,  with  a  brief  period  of  study  in  the 
Santiarn  school,  which  was  conducted  by  W. 
R.  Bishop.  He  found  little  time  for  study, 
however,  as  afti^r  helping  to  get  the  family  s(;t- 
tled,  he  went  to  Salem,  where  he  securtMJ  (mii- 
ployment  at  ^1  a  day  for  fair  days  and  no  pay 
init  lioard  for  rainy  ones.  The  days  were  piin- 
cijially  rainy,  through  the  winter,  still,  he  made 
sutlieiont  money  to  buy  new  clothes  and  a  pair 
of  boots. 

In  1855  he  engaged  in  the  stock  business  on 
the  Santiam  river,  continuing  there  until  1857, 
when  he  sold  out.  He  then  went  to  Corvallis 
with  R.  G.  Simmons,  where  they  bought  a 
small  livery  stable,  which  they  renovated,  en- 
larged and  ojierated  until  1800.  Our  subject 
then  sold  out  his  interest  and  liought  a  herd  of 
seventy  horses,  which  he  drove  to  eastern  Ore- 
gon, selling  them  at  a  good  profit.  He  then,  in 
1802,  went  to  the  Salmon  river  mines,  which 
proved  miproti table.  He  next  purcdiaseil  n 
pack  train,  and  packed  from  Umatilla  to  Boise, 
Iilaho,  until  1865,  when  he  soUi  out  and  re- 
turned to  the  Willamette  valley., 

He  was  martied  in  Portland  in  1866,  to  Miss 
Salome  I'eebler,  daughter  of  David  Peebler,  a 
pioneer  of  1853.  Mr.  Cusick  then  puichased 
some  goods  in  Portland  and  started  a  small 
store  at  Sublimity,  which  he  conductod  until 
1869.  lie  then  again  entered  the  stock  busi- 
ness, removing  to  eastern  Oregon,  where  he 
and  his  family  resided  until  187(),  when,  still 
Lontinning  his  stock  interests,  he  located  at 
Lebanon  where,  in  partiiersliij)  with  C.  B. 
Montague,  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness. He  continueil  in  this  business  until  1881, 
then  devoting  liis  attention  more  exclusively  to 
the  stock  business.  He  also  sold  out  of  this 
interest  in  1884.  and  moved  to  Albany,  where, 
in  cc)ni]iany  with  J.  L.  Cowan,  he  started  the 
private  banking  business  of  Cowan  &  Cusick. 
They  continued  this  enterprise  until  1888 
when  Mr.  Cusick  retired  from  the  firm.  In 
1891  he  erected  a  fire-proof  building  for 
banking  purposes,  and  on  February  10,  1892, 
started  the  private  banking  house  of  J.  W. 
Cusick  &  Company,  the  firm  being  composed 
of  himself  and  his  two  sons.  Here  they  en- 
gaged in  a  general  banking  business. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cusick  have  four  children:  Ed- 


TT-n 


786 


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ward  n.  iiiid  Cliiirlcs  II.,  who  are  witli  the  tiatik; 
and  two  yoiuii^or  sons,  Hurry  1!.  and  Eiii;i'iie, 
who  arc  attL'iidiii^  hchool.  I'lisidcs  liis  residence 
property  on  tlio  corni'i'  of  Lyon  and  Kijjhth 
streets,  ho  owns  other  valiiahle   town   property. 

lie  is  a  llojiiiblican  in  politiL's  and  in  l!S88 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  National  Conven- 
tion in  Cliieaj^'o,  which  noniinateii  l>enjaniin 
Harrison  for  President.  He  is  a  Kniirht  Teni- 
])hir.  a  nicnilicr  of  the  V,  A:  A.  M.,  and  l)e- 
ioni^s  to  the  I.  ().  ().  V.  and  Kiicanipinent. 

He  is  essentially  a  sell'-niade  man  and  has  by 
honorable  and  persoverinir  ellurt  ac(juired  a 
competence,  lie  is  liberal-minded  and  ])nblic- 
spirited,  and  has  the  interest  of  his  favorite  city 
and  State  much  at  heart. 

fllE  STATE  INSURANCE  COMPANY 

^;|jj,jy  at  Salem  is  one  of  the  important  business 
entei'prises  of  the  State  of  Oregon.  It 
was  organized  I''ebruary  29,  1884,  by  the  fol- 
lowing fjentlemen:  L.  L.  Rowland,  M.  D., 
Colonel  A.  B.  ilcElroy,  Major  George  Will- 
iams and  II.  \V.  Cottle.  I)r,  Rowland  was 
elected  president  of  the  company;  Colonel  Mc- 
Elroy,  who  is  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  was  elected  vice-president;  Major 
Williams,  a  banker  of  Salem,  was  elected  treas- 
urer and  11.  W.  Cottle,  an  experienced  under- 
writer, was  elected  secretary  and  nianajjer  of 
the  company;  S.  V.  Cottle,  brother  of  II.  W., 
was  assistant  secretary,  but  later  was  su<'ceeded 
by  C.  D.  Gabredson,  a  fi;entleinan  of  wide  e.\- 
perience  in  the  insurance  business.  The  di- 
rectors of  the  company  are:  William  Enjjland, 
blinker;  Honorable  W.  W.  Thayer,  e.\-Governor 
and  ex-Chief  Justice  of  the  State;  Dr.  L.  L. 
Rowland,  Colonel  McElroy,  Major  Williams, 
S.  V.  Adams  and  H.  W.  Cottle. 

The  company  has  built  a  fine,  three-story 
brick  block  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Com- 
mercial and  Chemeketa  streets,  Salem,  where 
the  home  ofKcc  is  located;  the  ground  floor  is 
71  X  85  feet;  a  portion  of  the  building  is  fitted 
III)  for  offices,  and  the  upper  story  is  occupied 
by  the  different  fraternal  societies  of  the  city. 
The  State  Insurance  is  the  only  conipaiiy  north 
of  San  Francisco  owning  its  own  offices.  The 
paid-up  capita!  stock  is  !f!lOO,0()0;  the  assets 
have  nearly  reached  ^400,000;  they  do  a  very 
large   business   in    Oregoii,    Washington    and 


Idaho,  making  a  specialty  on  dwellings  and  farm 
buildings;  they  also  take  the  best  class  of  busi- 
ness houses.  Motwithstanding  the  destructive 
tii'es  that  have  occurred  in  their  field  they  have 
made  a  steaily  gain  in  assets,  and  they  have  done 
a  constantly  increasing  business;  they  were  the 
first  company  to  ])ay  in  cash  and  in  full  the 
great  confiagrations  at  Seattle,  Ellensburg  and 
the  Dalles.  The  directors  of  the  company, 
with  the  exception  of  Colonel  McElroy  and  Mr. 
Cottle,  are  old  settlers;  they  are  all  men  of 
superior  ability  and  great  probity  of  character. 
II.  W.  Cottle,  to  whose  indefatigable  efforts 
much  of  tiie  prosj)erity  of  the  corporation 
is  due,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Maine, 
born  February  25,  1850.  His  parents,  Clark 
and  Alinira  (Spronl)  Cottle,  were  also  natives 
of  Maine  and  of  English  and  Scotch-Irish  an- 
cestry, respectively.  He  is  their  youngest  child, 
and  was  reared  and  educated  in  the  State  of 
Wisconsin.  When  he  became  of  age  he  re- 
moved to  northwestern  Iowa,  and  there  em- 
barkeil  in  the  insurance  business,  in  which  ho 
has  hail  such  a  successful  career.  He  came  to 
Oregon  in  1884,  and  finding  a  fine  field  for  the 
business,  established  himself,  as  stated  aDove. 
He  is  marrieil  and  has  a  family  of  three  chil- 
dren. He  owns  a  delightful  home  in  Salem, 
where  he  is  surrounded  with  all  the  comforts 
suggested  by  the  civilization  of  the  present  cen- 
tury. He  has  invested  in  yjroperty  in  this  city 
and  has  become  prominently  identified  with  her 
commercial  interests.  He  is  member  of  the  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  and  in  jiolitical  circles  is  recognized 
as  a  leading  Rej)ublican,  having  been  a  mend)or 
of  the  State  Committee.  He  is  the  president 
of  the  JSoard  of  Trade  of  Salem,  the  Capital  city 
of  Oregon;  is  also  president  of  the  Marion 
County  Horticultural  Society,  is  a  director  of 
the  Salem  Canning  Company,  also  of  the  Salem 
Motor  Railway  ('om|)any.  (Electric.)  His 
pleasing,  straightforward  manner  has  won  him 
hosts  of  friends  in  the  business,  as  well  as 
social  world. 


AMES  G.  CRAWFORD,  photographic  art- 
ist, Albany,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Hancock 
county,  Illinois,  in  1850. 
His  father.  Dr.  G.  F.  Crav.'ford,  was  a  native 
of  (irayson  county,  Virginia,  was  born  January 
1,  1818,     His  ancestors  were  {^inong  the  landed 


ttrsTOur  OF  onh:iio.K'. 


1-i1 


nobility  of  tlic  Old  Doiiiinion,  niul  wen;  larj^dy 
interested  in  Btock-raisiiijr,  linviiifj;  snttk'<l  there 
before  the  Hevolutiotmry  war.  Dr.  (Iriiwford 
iHisstMl  bisyoiitii  and  received  liin  edncaticin  in 
Virj;inia,  and  in  1841  removed  to  ^lonnioiitl], 
Warren  county,  Illinois,  where  he  began  teiieii- 
ing,  and  at  the  same  time  studying  medicine 
iiniler  the  preceptorshij)  of  Dr.  James  (iilniore. 
He  practiced  medicine  with  that  phy.sician  one 
year,  beginning  in  1844.  In  184()  he  settled 
at  La  Uarpe,  llancock  county,  wiierc  lie  con- 
ducted a  general  practice  until  the  spring  of 
1852.  In  1845  he  had  iTiari'ied  Dr.  Gilniore's 
daughter  Miss  Mary  Kllen,  ami  in  the  spring  of 
1852  he  started  with  hi*  wife  and  two  children 
for  Oregon.  His  outfit  consisted  of  two  wagons, 
six  yoke  of  o.xen,  aTid  live  yoke  of  cows.  Emi- 
gration was  large  that  year,  and  the  Indians 
gave  them  little  trouble.  Continuing  by  the 
usual  Oregon  trail  and  crossing  the  Cascade 
mountains  by  the  Harlow  route,  they  landed  at 
Foster's  late  in  September,  1852.  Dr.  Craw- 
ford proceeded  from  there  to  Albany  Prairie, 
and  located  on  320  acres  of  land,  five  miles 
west  of  Lebanon.  There  he  commenced  fann- 
ing and  continued  to  reside  until  1873,  when 
he  bought  property  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  and 
Ellsworth  streets  (_wliere  he  now  resides),  and 
moved  to  town  to  educate  his  children.  lie 
conducted  liis  fanning  operations,  however, 
until  1885,  when  he  retired  and  his  sons  took 
charge  of  the  farm.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Crawford 
have  live  children,  viz.:  (-leorgiana,  wife  of  T. 
L.  Dagger,  proprietor  of  the  Scio  Press;  James 
G,,  whose  name  heads  thisarticle;  William  \V., 
Orville,  and  Helen.  The  Doctor  has  served  two 
terms  in  the  State  Ley;islatnre.  In  1873  he 
was  an  important  factor  in  organizing  the  Al- 
bany Farmers'  Company,  and  is  still  a  member 
of  its  Board  of  Directors. 

James  G,  has  only  a  brief  recollection  of 
crossing  the  plains.  His  early  education  wag 
obtained  in  the  district  schools,  and  was  supple- 
mented by  a  three  years'  course  at  the  Lebanon 
Academy.  In  18(58  he  began  learning  the  art 
of  photography,  in  the  gallery  of  A.  15.  Pax- 
tou,  of  Albany, and  was  with  him  and  his  success- 
or, J.  A.  Winter,  seven  months.  He  then  went 
to  Eugene,  and  opened  a  gallery,  which  in  1809, 
he  removed  to  Lebanon.  In  the  spring  of 
1870  he  went  to  Portland,  and  in  the  gallery  of 
Joseph  Puchtel,  one  of  the  pioneer  photographers 
of  the  State,  was  employed  until  the  fall  of 
1871.      From  that  time  until  1883  he  conducted 


a  gallery  in  Harrisburg.  In  order  to  get  the 
benefit  of  lU'W  ideas,  and  to  further  perfect 
himself  in  his  chosen  art,  he  went  to  Portland, 
and  was  empi.iyfd  in  the  gallery  of  I.  (i. 
Davidson  until  1S85.  lleturning  to  Albany, 
that  year,  in  partnershi])  with  his  brother  Or- 
ville, he  ]iurchased  the  gallery  of  A.  P..  Pa\ton, 
and  uiiiler  the  firm  name  of  Crawford  Prothers 
did  business  until  May.  1S88,  when  he  purchased 
his  lii'otlier's  interest.  His  present  |)artnership 
was  foi-med  in  1881).  The  firm  does  an  exten- 
sive and  general  business,  making  a  specialty 
of  Oregon  views,  and  liavinji  ajfencies  in  Port- 
land  and  San  Francisco. 

Mr.  ('rawfonl  was  married,  in  Lebanon,  in 
1871,  to  Miss  Clara  McDonald,  daughter  of 
J.  N.  McDonald,  a  pioneer  of  1852.  They 
have  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living,  viz.:  Carey,  Lillian,  I'ert,  Harry,  Jer- 
ald  and  Hazle.  Air.  Crawford  has  just  com- 
pleted a  pleasant  home  on  the  corner  of  Oak 
and  Willamette  streets,  where  he  resides  with 
his  family. 


tEANDEIl  L.  WILLIAMS,  of  Uillsboro, 
Oregon,  came  to  the  Territory  in  1854. 
He  is  a  native  of  Ashtabula  county.  Ohio, 
born  November  13,  1834.  His  father,  Lyman 
Williams,  was  born  in  New  York,  in  1812. 
The  family  originated  in  Scotland,  but  came  to 
America  previous  to  the  Revolution,  and  grand- 
father Penjamin  Williams  fought  in  the  war  of 
the  Revolution,  and  was  in  the  army  after  the 
war  ended,  and  then  settled  in  Cayuga  county 
and  raised  a  family  of  fourteen  children.  He 
was  a  Universalist.  His  son  married  Nancy 
Thomas,  of  Pennsylvania,  daughter  of  Asa 
Thomas.  They  were  of  German  extraction. 
They  had  seven  children,  of  whom  three  are 
living.  Mr.  Williams  was  the  eldest  child,  and 
resided  on  a  farm  until  his  fourth  year,  and  then 
went  to  Elgin,  Illinois.  He  received  a  common- 
school  education  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  car- 
penter. In  his  twentieth  year  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  and  arrived  there  on  Septem- 
ber 3,  1854,  at  Vancouver,  with  25  cents  in  his 
pocket.  He  obtained  work  at  on",e,  and  by 
spring  went  to  Portland,  where  he  worked  until 
1869.  Water  street  was  then  the  principal 
street,  and  the  many  buildings  that  he  helped 
to  build  have  been  replaced  with  massive  brick 


788 


lIlS'l'OliY    OF    IIUKdON. 


■m 


1,  A  ■■  ;  -1 


iiliH'ks.  IIo  next  Wfiit  to  a  fnrin  in  I'owi'll's 
viilloy,  iiiid  rt'HitIwi  on  liis  niotlier's  fiirni  tor  ii 
yc'iir  anil  ii  Imlf.  tlieii  went  to  llillnlxiro. 

lie  iiiai-rii'il  Miiiy  JStewiirt.  in  lSti3.  Siii'  wiih 
till' iliin<.'litiT  lit  AlexiindiT  Sti  wiirt,  u  pionfer 
of  (  hcj^on.  They  liiiil  two  iliiiigiittTti.  horn  in 
Piiitliitul:  HlizHl)i'tii,  now  Mrs.  Henry  ('.  Iamsit; 
Hnd  Kiln.  MOW  Mrs.  .loscj)!!  I'aily.  Mrs.  Wil- 
linnisiliiMJ  in  IK72.  Two  ^l'wh  later  In-  inarri(!(i 
Mrs.  Jaru!  (^nirk,  ilie  daiif^htfr  of  Michael 
Moori'.  one  of  tlie  earliest  settlers  of  llillshoro, 
wlierc  she  was  liorn.  They  have  three  children; 
Minnie  (!.,  now  the  wife  of  (Jeor^e  \V.  I'liil- 
lips,  of  Siileni;  Moim  Aneta  and  (ihestiT  I.ue. 
Since  ISCio  Mr.  Williams  has  heen  an  I.  (). 
().  K..  and  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  l)oth 
hrrtiiclies.  and  is  I'ast  Grand  of  the  order.  In 
1872,  when  the  railroad  was  huilt  to  Ilillslioro. 
he  was  made  ajjent,  and  was  also  the  tirst  tele- 
ijraph  operator,  and  has  heen  the  trnsted  ai;ent 
of  Wells,  Kargo  &  (Jo.  for  years.  In  .Inly, 
1883,  hi.'  opened  a  f^rocerj'  store,  and  is  still 
en<;»o;ed  in  it.  lie  is  a  niemher  of  the  Meth- 
odist Ohnreh,  and  has  heen  Treasurer,  Steward 
and  a  Trustee,  lie  is  a  liepnhlican  in  jKilitics, 
and  is  an  honorahlc  huttiness  man  and  hiirhlv 
respected  citiisen. 

fONOUAHLE   UKLM'.E.N  I'.  BOISE  is  one 
of   Oregon's  most   honored   pioneers,      lie 
came  to  the  State  in   1850,  and   has  heen 
a  |ironiiiient  factor  in  shaping  her  destiny. 

Jndge  Hoiso  was  horn  in  Blandford,  Hampden 
county,  Massachnsetts,  on  June  9,  1819.  Hi;) 
father,  Ueuhen  Hoise,  was  also  a  native  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. The  Hoise  family  emij^rated  from 
France  to  Scotland,  and  later  to  the  imrth  of  Ire- 
land, and  Mr.  lioisu's  paternal  great  great-grand- 
father emigrated  to  Massachusetts,  locating  on 
a  farm,  which  is  still  retained  in  the  family,  and 
where  Mr.  Boise's  father  was  raised  aTid 
lived  all  of  his  lite.  He  married  Miss  Sallie 
Putnam,  a  relative  of  General  Pntnam, 
of  Revolutionary  fame,  her  father,  Jacoh  Put- 
nam, having  served  as  a  colonel  during  the 
whole  of  that  struggle.  Judge  Boise's  father 
was  a  farmer,  and  a  man  of  prominence,  having 
held  several  ofKces  in  his  State,  among  which 
were  (bounty  Commissioner,  County  Clerk;  ho 
also  represented  his  district  in  the  State  Senate 
of  MassachusettB.     He  had  eight  children,  four 


sons  and  four  daiight(>rs.  Of  this  family,  Jnilgc 
Boise  is  the  only  surviving  ineniher.  The  Judge 
was  raised  on  his  father's  farm,  was  sent  to  the 
pnlilic  schools  and  took  a  classical  course  in 
Williams  College,  from  which  Imgradinited  with 
honor  in  184,S.  He  then  went  West,  to  the  State 
of  Missouri,  where  he  was  engaged  in  teaching 
school  two  years,  and  returned  h.  his  ruitive 
State  and  read  law  with  his  uncle,  Patrick 
lioise,  who  was  at  that  time  a  distinguished 
lawyer  of  VVesttield,  Massachnsetts.  After  three 
years'  study  of  the  law  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1848,  heginning  the  ])ractice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  Chickopee  Falls,  where  he  renjaiiied 
for  two  years,  emigrating  in  the  fall  of  1850, 
via  the  Isthmus,  to  Oregon.  He  landed  at 
Astoria,  Oregon,  and  Ix'gan  the  practice  of  law 
in  I'ortlaiul  in  the  sj)ring  of  1851,  which  was 
then  a  small  place,  with  a  few  inhahitants,  hnt 
with  plenty  of  8hip|)ing  and  husiness.  Ilis 
piactice  proved  successful,  and  in  the  fall  of 
185"2  lie  took  up  a  section  of  land  in  Polk 
county,  hnilt  a  house,  iinproveil  the  property  and 
resided  on  it  for  four  years,  and  still  owns  it. 
In  185;!  the  Territorial  Legislature  elected  him 
Proscnting  Attorney  of  the  First  ami  Second 
Districts.  This  comprised  all  the  country  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Willamette  river  a!id  nearly 
all  of  the  Willamette  river,  except  Cdackamas 
and  Multnonuih  counties.  He  served  in  this 
capacity  for  aliout  four  years.  In  1853  he,  in 
company  with  Hon  .fames  K.  Kelly  and  Hon. 
1).  U.  Itigelow,  were  elected  Code  Commission- 
ers for  Oregon,  and  ho  thus  hecame  one  of  the 
compilers  of  the  first  Code  of  Laws  in  book 
form  in  the  Territory,  and  in  fact,  the  founder 
of  the  present  mode  of  pnictice.  In  1854  he 
was  re-elected  Prosecuting  Attorney,  and  at  the 
same  election  was  elected  to  represent  Polk 
county  in  the  Territorial  Legislature.  Two 
years  afterward  he  was  re-elected,  and  during 
both  terms  took  an  active  part  in  its  delibera- 
tions. In  1857  he  was  a  liepresentative  for 
Polk  county  to  the  Constitutional  Convention, 
where  he  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Legislation,  and  prepared  that  portioti  of  the 
Constitution  relating  to  the  legislative  depart- 
ment and  otherwise  materially  assisteci  in 
furnishing  Oregon  with  her  fundamental  laws. 
In  this  same  year,  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Buchanan  one  of  the  supreme  judges  of 
the  Territory.  The  next  year,  after  the  admis- 
sion of  the  State  into  the  Union,  he  was  elected 
to  that  office,  and,  from  1862  to  1864  inclusive. 


ei,'.-iiB--lT'!H««ggrt 


niSTOHY    W   OltKaON. 


789 


III 

Itll 

lie 
iij^ 

iVf 

•k 
iimI 
I'cc 


was  Oliief  JiiHticc.  Upon  tliu  oxpiriitiitii  of  his 
term  lie  whs  ii}^iiiii  electeil  for  six  years.  In 
1870  lie  WHS  iij^iiin  clioseii  liy  tiie  people  to  til! 
that  lioMoraMe  position,  lint  lion.  H.  F.  lion- 
ham,  hi.'*  competitor,  liiiving  eoiiiineiiced  an  ac- 
tion to  (-ontest  his  seat  on  the  lieiich,  and  not 
ilusirinjj;  to  en^uf^o  in  long  iiiid  expensive  litiga- 
tion he  resigned,  and  returned  to  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  liy  the  Legislature  as  one  of  the 
capital  linilding  coinniissioners,  which  office 
lie  held  niitil  187<),  when  he  was  again  elected 
to  his  old  jiosition  on  the  Supreme  Hencli. 
Two  years  later,  the  Legislature  having  divided 
the-  Supreme  and  Circuit  judges  into  district 
classes,  he  received  the  appointment  as  one  of 
the  .1  luig^s  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1880  ho 
was  elected  Judj^e  of  the  Third  .ludicial  Dis- 
trict, which  office  ho  has  continuously  held. 

In  1851  Judge  Boise  was  happily  inarriei  to 
Miss  Ellen  F.  Lyon,  a  native  of  Boston,  and  a 
dautjhtor  of  Mr.  Lemuel  Lyon,  a  Boston  mer- 
chant. They  had  three  sons,  all  horn  in  Ore- 
gon: Henlien  P.,  Whitney  L.  and  Fisher  A. 
After  fourteen  years  of  happy  married  life.tho  de- 
voted wife  and  mother  died.  In  18*57  he  was  mar- 
ried to  iMiss  Emily  A.  Pratt,  a  native  of  Webster, 
Massachusetts,  and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Ephraim 
Pratt,  a  manufacturer  of  that  State.  They  had 
two  daughters:  Ellen  S.  and  Marie  E.  The 
former  was  lost  liy  a  sad  accident,  and  Maria 
E.  resides  with  her  parents. 

Judge  Boise  came  to  Salem  to  reside  in  1857, 
where  he  has  since  remained.  He  first  pur- 
chased a  block  of  lots  in  the  city,  where  the 
Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart  now  stands,  where 
he  lived  until  1865.  In  1880  he  purchased  a 
farm  in  Xorth  Salem,  where  he  now  (1891)  lives. 
It  is  the  property  on  which  the  first  house  in 
Salem  was  built.  The  Judge  has  enlarged  and 
remodeled  the  house,  and  improved  and  culti- 
vated the  land  until  the  property  is  much  eii- 
lianced  in  value.  He  has  also  added  from  time 
to  time  to  the  acreage  of  his  first  ranch,  until 
he  now  has  in  one  body  2,500  acres.  Having 
been  raised  on  a  farm  he  lias  taken  an  interest 
in  agricultural  affairs  and  has  been  a  champion 
of  legislation  in  Oregon  in  behalf  of  farm  in- 
terests, and  has  five  times  been  elected  Master 
of  the  State  Grange,  and  has  attended  a  number 
of  the  meetings  of  the  National  Grange,  held  in 
the  different  States.  He  has  also  zealously 
aided  the  cause  of  learning,  realizing  by  ex- 
perience the  benefit   of  a   superior  education. 


He  has  twice  been  a  member  of  the  I'oa'-d  nf 
Trustees  of  the  Pai;i(ic  University  at  Forest 
(trove,  of  the  La  (.'reoie  Acudomy  at  Dallas 
and  of  tllt^  Willamette  University  of  Siileiii,  in 
the  jirospority  of  all  of  wliicli  he  takes  a  ptTsoiuil 
interest.  Pacific  University  has  conferred  on 
the  ifiidgo  the  honorable  (feuree  of  Doctor  (jf 
Laws. 

Few,  indeed,  are  the  men  who  have  led  so 
useful  ami  honorable  a  life,  and  seldom  has  it 
been  the  lot  of  man  to  serve  his  country  for 
nearly  forty  years  (■ontinuously  without  a  single 
tarnifh  on  his  record,  evincing  a  high  order  of 
legal  ability,  and  the  very  highest  couscieiitious 
regard  for  his  duty.  This,  combined  with  an 
excellent  judgment  and  an  indomitable  inde- 
pendence of  character,  have  made  him  the  emi- 
nently successful  jurist  he  has  been.  Heliase.x- 
liiliited  this  sumo  iiidiipundciu'u  of  character  and 
adherence  to  his  sen>e  of  duty  in  jiolitics.  He 
began  his  pijlltica!  career  as  a  Democrat,  with 
wliicli  party  Ik;  atfiliated  until  the  time  of  the 
great  civil  war,  when  his  loyality  to  the  (Tovern- 
ment  placed  him  on  the  side  of  the  Union  and 
in  the  ranks  of  the  liepublicaii  party.  He  hold 
patriotic  meetings  all  over  Oregon,  at  which  he 
delivered  telling  speeches,  and  did  much  toward 
guiding  public  opinion  against  secession  and 
saving  his  State  to  the  Union.  For  this  every 
right-minded  citizen  feels  grateful  to  liim,  but 
he  experiences  his  greatest  satisfaction  from 
having  done  that  which  he  considered  his  duty. 
Viewed  as  a  neighbor  and  a  friend,  Judge  Boise 
is  kindly  and  genuine;  asacirizon  he  is  modest, 
unassuming  and  easy  of  approach.  He  is  a  model 
Oregonian,  and  as  such  is  regarded  by  his  fellow- 
citizens. 

jEUBEN  P.  BOISE,  Jr.,  a  native  son  of 
the  city  of  Salem,  is  one  of  her  most  prom- 
ising young  men.  He  was  born  October 
1(5,  1859,  and  is  a  son  of  Reuben  P.  Boise,  one 
of  the  worthy  pioneers  of  the  State,  whose  his- 
tory will  be  found  on  another  page  of  this  vol- 
ume. He  was  educated  at  Willamette  University, 
and  began  his  business  career  as  a  news- 
paper man;  he  was  reporter  for  the  Salem 
"Statesman"  from  1879  until  1882,  when  he 
went  to  the  sound,  where  he  accepted  a  posi- 
tion with  Hansen  &  Company,  wholesale  mer- 
chants and  dealers  in  lumber;  he  had  charge  of 


^40 


iifsTony  Oh'  iiHKnok. 


;i: 


pi  ,1/ 


it;; 


tlioir  colloctioiig  for  two  yt'iirit,  iit'tor  wliidi  lio 
wont  til  Aliiskn.  IJctiiiMiii;;  from  \\\U  trip  lie 
W!i«  witli  tlie  simiu  liriri  lor  it  tiiiii',  ami  tlicii 
worki'il  on  tlio  'riu'Diiiii  "Daily  Nt-WH,*'  us  city 
uilitor. 

I)iii-iti{5  his  I'oiiiicctioii  witli  tlie  ^'Ncws"  an 
uccurain'c  took  pliice  timf  came  neiir  ri'snltiiii^ 
in  !iis  lifiitii:  'riiL'i'u  liiiil  lii'cn  ironsidcralile  wtril'i! 
imd  ill  I't'i'liiiii;  lietwetm  the  'raconiu  ati.l  Seattle 
liaper.f.  ami  a  liitter  iiews|p.iiier  war  was  liuiiii^ 
wao;u(l,  in  wliieli  II.  i).  Ilareonrt,  one  of  tlie 
eilitois  of  the  Taeoina  '-haily  News,"  ami  S. 
W.  Wall  of  the  Seattle -roht  Ihtellifjeneo"  took 
a  part;  the  latter  came  into  the  olHee  of  tho 
Taconia  "Dailv  News,"  ami  shot  Mr.  Ilarcourt, 
the  hall  sirikinir  the  steulliiieil  pendant  of  his 
neektie,  ami  ohoiceil  otf;  he  was  alteiiiptini^'  to 
fire  a  s-ceciml  shot  when  Mr.  Uoise  spranj;  for- 
wani,  ami  ean^fht  the  pistol,  whieii  was  ilis- 
char^eil,  the  eoiitents  entering  his  hand;  he  had 
an  iioly  wound  ainl  still  carries  the  sear,  which 
is  an  ever-present  nicnientu  of  his  newspaper 
exjieriences,  as  well  as  of  the  coiiraj^e  and 
])riiinptness  which  he  displayed  in  saving  the 
life  of  his  friend;  he  and  Mr.  Ilareonrt  sue 
eeeded  in  overconiinj;  the  woiild-he  murderer, 
and  the  sti'ilV'  was  thus  ended. 

After  ahout  five  years  spent  in  Taconia,  Afr. 
I'oise  returned  t(;  Salem,  and  heeanie  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  AV^illaniettc  Investment  (!oiii- 
pany,  doing  a  loan,  fire  insurance  and  real-estate 
l)U8im'Ss;  he  has  jiiirchased  ditl'erent  pieces  of 
farm  property  wiiiidi  he  has  improved,  and  then 
placeii  U|ion  the  market;  he  i>  also  the  owner 
of  valuahle  town  pro|)ertv.  He  is  a  reliahle, 
eapalile  Imsiness  man,  and  enjoys  the  fullest 
conli<lence"of  commercial  circles. 

Mr.  I'oiso  was  united  in  marriage  in  1S91,  to 
Miss  Minnie  Louise  I'reyman,  also  a  native  of 
Salem,  ami  a  daughter  of  a  prominent  hanker 
of  the  place.  He  is  a  memlier  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  an<l  has  lilled  several  important 
otHces  in  the  lod''e. 


f^AMI'KI/r.  RICHARDSON  isa  native  of 
I, inn  county,  Ore^'on,  horn  July  8,  1857. 
His  fiither,  Louis  ().  liichardson,  was  a 
native  of  Creene  county,  Illinois,  where  his  an- 
cestors had  settled  at  an  early  date  as  |)ioneer8 
of  the  country  and  were  actively  couiiceted  with 
the  early    Indian  wars.     He  followed  farming 


ill  Illinois  until  lS4fS,  when  with  ux  toains  he 
crossed  the  plains  and  mountains  to  ( >regon 
and  located  iu  Linn  county.  In  1818  he  was  a 
niomlier  of  the  conijiany  of  Captain  William 
Martin,  and  fought  throu;,'li  the  (^ayuse  war, 
later  going  to  the  mines  in  California.  He  was 
enjia^ed  in  several  liattles  with  the  Klamath 
Indians  and  liecame  ijnite  famous  as  an  Indian 
lighter.  His  mining  e.xperienee  was  sluM't  and 
unsucce.-sfiil  and  in  1801  he  returmvl  to  Ore- 
gon anil  continued    farming. 

He  was  married  in  Marion  county,  in  ISoS, 
to  Miss  Eliza  A.  Whitley,  native  of  (ireene 
county,  Illinois,  one  of  the  first  school  teachers 
ofOiegim.  Mr.  Richardson  followed  the  i|iiiet 
life  of  the  farm,  iinac.tive  in  politics,  hut  devot- 
ing much  time  to  the  advancement  of  tlu^  Chris- 
tian ('hurcli,  in  which  he  was  very  active,  and  in 
which  he  also  preached.  His  wife  died  in  iStitS, 
and  he  hiUowed  her  two  year.-  later,  leaving  two 
children:  Mary  L.,  now  Mrs.  Henry  Siielton  of 
Linn  county:  ami  Samuel  T.  His  early  life  was 
[lassed  upon  the  farm,  and  heing  <listant  from 
school,  he  was  not  permitted  school  jirivileges 
until  he  was  tdeveii  years  old,  and  then  only  at 
intervals,  as  after  the  death  of  his  father,  work 
hecame  the  essential  feature  of  his  life,  and 
sidiool  fiicilities  wert'  imjiroved  as  opportunities 
offered.  With  great  perseverance  he  worked 
and  studied  until  18  iM,  ivhen  he  commenced  a 
classical  course  in  tin  M  illami^tte  I'niversity 
and  finished  the  junior  vjar  in  187C.  He  then 
took  up  meilicine  iii.i!./'  Dr.  I'allard  of  l.ehanon, 
(!ontiiiuing  it  at  i>iiy;on.  Washington  Territory, 
and  in  1878  at  I'rineville,  Wasco  county,  Ore- 
gon, where  he  was  invited  to  take  the  position 
as  principal  to  teach  the  district  Kdiool,  which 
had  hecome  rehellious  and  which  had  a  daily 
attendance  of  lot)  jiupils  in  three  rooms  and  re- 
([iiiring  three  teachers.  Quickly  appreciating 
the  situation  and  heing  possessed  of  determined 
and  fearless  characterislies.  he  acce|)ted  the  po- 
sition of  principal  teacdier.  The  hoys  assemhled, 
many,  years  older  then  himself,  and  with  pis- 
tol and  knives.  .Mr.  Richardson  gathered  an 
armful  of  Juniper  limhs,  ami  hefore  recess  of 
the  first  day  the  entire  school  was  under  the 
suhjection  of  the  teaclier,  and  for  three  years  he 
taught  witlio\it  further  trouhle.  lieiiig  so  gtiod 
a  teacher,  his  fearless  eharactcristics  were  deemed 
salutary  in  the  court  of  justice  of  the  peace  and 
he  was  soon  elected  to  till  that  office,  and  after 
two  years  of  fervicc  Judge  L.  L.  McArther,  now 
of  I'ortland,  then  sitting  as  Circuit  J-iidge,  called 


j^anapattfcMiMjtog 


mlK.iliLmiiiii.iiil* 


IllHTOUY    O/'    tillHUON. 


t41 


iitttiiitioii  to  Iii8  reconlH  iiml  niliiij^H  itiid  Hiii<l 
tliiit  lio  \vii8  \.\w.  Iii'st  .lii>tict'  ill  till!  coiiiily.  Ill 
18S2  Wiirtco  was  divided  t'oniiiiii;  Oniok  cuiiiity, 
iiiid  iimkiii;^  I'rintiville  tliu  county  wont,  mid  Mr. 
Iticlmi'dHoii  Willi  lit  ont'c  Hiiggusteil  iw  County 
('lei'rt,  to  wliicli  III!  wiw  elected  with  little  knowl- 
edge of  law.  Knowing;  liin  \veiikiiesn  in  lliiit 
direction  he  ,it  once  tiinicil  ids  iitteiitioii  to  tlmt 
study  and  liy  cluAe  iipplicatioii,  lie  waH  round 
ready  in  every  eiiierj^ency.  Without  practical 
knowledge  lie  started  i.ls  recordrt  iiiid  hisenlricH 
are  Ktill  considered  sound  law,  and  tliiiM  was  es- 
tuhlislu'd  as  precedents  and  are  still  ohserved  upon 
all  sulijccts  which  ho  made  entries.  His  record 
as  teacher,  Justice  ami  County  (Jlerk  are  fltill 
consiilcred  examples  worthy  of  imitation.  Coii- 
tiniiiiif;  as  (bounty  ('li!rk  iiiui!  \HH\.  he  then 
came  to  Salem  and  he^aii  a  •general  law  practice. 

In  j,'eiieral  session  of  I.eii;islature  of  ISHo  lit! 
was  appointed  law  expert  to  examine  into  the 
inuna^ement  of  swamp  land  of  thelState  of  Ore- 
gon. In  special  session  of  1885  and  general 
session  of  1887,  he  niiide  examination  of  the  law 
pertaining  to  wagon-road  lands  and  was  instru- 
mental in  gt'ttinj^  suits  entered  to  iiujiiire  into 
the  viiliility  of  Be\eral  wagon-road  laud  grants, 
which  suits  art!  lunv  jicnding  in  the  I'liited  States 
Courts.  He  has  also  followed  a  general  prai!- 
tico,  making  sjiec^ialties  of  land  titles,  con- 
tracts and  corporation  law.  He  has  served  one 
form  as  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
in  .lannary,  ISSJO,  was  elected  City  Attorney  of 
Salem.  During  his  term  of  office  the  matter  of 
street  pavement  has  been  decided  ii])oii,  and  he 
has  had  several  contests  over  the  right  id'  street 
and  steam  railroad  tracks,  pertaining  to  city 
franchises.  He  has  the  reputation  of  handling 
corporations  without  gloves,  and  has  heen  very 
successful  in  his  practice. 

He  was  married  in  Wasco  county,  Noveiulior 
13,  18T'J,  to  Miss  Sarah  f.  Barnes,  and  to  the 
union  has  heen  in  hied  four  children:  William  H.. 
Louis  (!.,  Whitley  and  (ileii.  Mr.  Richardson 
is  a  meniher  of  1.  ( ).  ().  F.  aiul  A.  O.  U.  W. 
He  has  tilled  many  positions  of  honor  and  public 
trust  with  integrity  and  ability. 


'l-E^»<l'-  -*)f=f4' 


ill.  N.  B  L  AC  Iv  B  IT  11  N,  Judge  of  Linn 
county,  Oregon,  and  a  legal  practitioner 
of  Albany,  was  born  in  Jeiferson  county, 
Tennessee,  in  1845.  His  ancestors  came  from 
Scotland  and  settled  in  Tennessee  prior  to  the 


Uevidntioniiry  war.  Teiiiiessce  at  tlmt  time  be- 
ing a  part  of  .North  Carolina.  Hi.-  |iaiciits,  Dr. 
\.  and  Klizabcth  C.  iNclsoni  I'lackburn,  were 
'latives  of  Tennessee.  The  former,  a  prominent 
physician  of  Jell'erson  i^ountVi  that  State,  died 
ill  18()('(,  at  the  ag(!  of  sixty-tive  years,  and  tlie 
hitler  ilied  in  1857. 

Tilt!  siiliji'ct  of  our  sketch  rcceivetl  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
county  and  was  attending  ilolston  Colli'gc  at 
New  Market.  Tennessee,  when,  in  l8()i.  the 
war  coming  on,  tliii  college  was  broken  up.  He 
remained  at  home  until  18(i!J.  At  that  time, 
lieing  fused  with  the  6|)irit  of  loyalty  to  the 
rnioii  cause,  young  I'lackburn  startetl  for  the 
Federal  army  in  Kentucky,  but  was  ca|ituretl 
and  rctiirneil.  His  secontl  attempt,  however,  to 
re.icli  Camp  Xelson,  Kentucky,  was  successful, 
although  it  was  accomplished  iintler  lire.  He 
became  a  member  of  the  Ninth  Tennessee  (!av- 
nlry,  under  Colonel  .foe  I'arsons,  enlisting  as  a 
private  anti  subsei|uently  being  promoted  to 
Adjutant  of  the  regiment.  He  ])assed  through 
the  sieges  of  Kiiowille  and  (himberlaiid  (iap, 
anil  resigned  from  service  in  18t)l.  Ketiirning 
to  his  home,  he  opened  a  general  merchandise 
store  at  New  Market,  which  he  conducted  two 
years. 

Judge  Blackburn  was  niarrietl  in  New 
Market,  in  180().  to  Mies  Francis  A.  i".:ii8t,  a 
iiativt!  of  Tennessee.  That  same  year  he  entereti 
the  law  otHce  of  Attorney-(Teneral  James  AI. 
Meek,  anil  under  his  instructions  pursued  the 
study  of  law,  being  atlinitted  to  the  bar  in  18t)7. 
lit!  then  coinmenced  practice  at  Dandridge, 
Jefferson  county,  where  he  was  siibseijneiitly 
electetl  Clerk  and  Ma>ter  of  Chancery  Court. 
In  1809  he  was  ai)|!oiiitet]  Register  in  Bank- 
ruptcy and  served  as  such  until  December  1870, 
when  he  was  apjiointed  Clerk  and  Master  of  the 
Chancery  Court,  which  position  he  held  until 
September  15,  1874,  when  he  left  Tennessee  for 
( )regon. 

Arrived  in  Oregon,  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
first  took  up  his  aboile  at  Eugene,  and  slter  a 
few  montli.s  removed  to  Brownsville,  where  ho 
practiced  law  until  1878.  That  year  he  came 
to  Albany,  and  has  since  conducted  a  general 
practice.  In  June,  1888,  he  was  the  nominee 
of  the  Republican  party  for  Judge  of  Linn 
county,  and  was  the  only  candidate  of  tl;<.t  party 
which  was  elected,  the  county  being  strongly 
Democratic.  Ho  serveil  his  full  term  of  four 
years  with  lienor  anj  distinction. 


743 


niHTORY    OF   OREGON. 


Tlie  Judge  is  connected  with  varioiia  fra- 
ternal organizations,  bein^r  a  ineinoer  of  the 
bine  lodge  and  chapter,  F.  &  A.  M.;  I.  <).  (). 
¥.:  A.  «•).  U.  VV.;  and  Mcl'herson  Post,  No.  5, 
G.  A.  R.  He  is  one  of  the  original  stockholders 
of  Albany  Electric  Light,  Power  &  Telephone 
Company,  and  of  the  Albany  Building  &  I^oan 
Association,  and  among  the  honored  members 
of  the  legal  profession  in  Linn  county  he  occu- 
pies a  prominent  position. 

lie  and  iiis  ec-timable  companion  have  two 
children,  Archibnld  W.  and  James  W. 

;ILLIAM  M.  DAVIDSOX,  one  of  the 
prominent  fanners  of  I'olk  county,  Ore- 
gon, living  near  Bnena  Vista,  coming 
t:i  Oregon  in  1852,  and  a  resident  on  his  father's 
donation  claim,  is  the  subject  of  this  i-i^etch. 
Mr.  Davidson  was  born  near  Muninouth.  War- 
ren county,  lilinois,  March  2,  1837.  He  is  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  his  father.  Carter  T.  Davidson, 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1802,  and  married 
Miss  Eli>;abetii  Shirley,  a  native  of  Kentucky 
also.  They  reared  a  family  of  nine  children 
jiiid  removed  to  Illinois  in  1880,  where  thjy 
lived  until  1852.  At  that  date  Carter  David- 
son took  his  family  aniJ  started  on  the  long  and 
dangerous  journey  to  the  fine  lands  near  the 
Pacific.  The  trip  was  made  with  o.\  teams,  and 
his  wife  and  five  children  accompanied  him. 
These  children  were:  Margaret,  now  Mrs.  D. 
W.  Allingliam,  who  now  resides  in  eastern 
Oregon;  William  M.,  our  subject;  Martha,  now 
Mrs.  Jesse  L^  Stump,  who  resides  in  Salem;  I. 
N  ,  resides  in  (/orvallis;  Emma,  who  is  the  wife 
of  J;vme^'  Washburn,  and  resides  in  Hrownsville. 
The  eldest  daughter  of  the  family,  Anninda, 
came  to  Oregon  with  her  iirundfather  in  1850, 
and  is  now  the  wife  of  W.  J.  Lindville,  and  re- 
sides in  San  l>ernardino  county,  California. 
Mr.  Davidson's  family  started  on  the  journey 
across  the  plains  April  15,  1852,  and  arrived  at 
their  donation  claim,  located  two  miles  south- 
west of  Uuena  Vista,  September  15,  1852.  This 
tract  of  land  wa»  a  very  choice  one,  and  the  lauii 
had  been  purchased  of  Theodore  I'rather,  and 
here  they  began  their  pioneer  life  in  a  small  log 
house.  Mr.  Davidson  was  a  man  of  indusuy 
and  intelligence,  and  he  rapidly  improved  the 
property,  j)lanted  the  large  orchard  and  pros- 
pered. 


Mr.  Davidson  took  an  interest  in  public 
affairs  and  was  twice  elected  to  the  oflRce  of 
County  Commissioner  and  was  also  the  first 
Postmaster  in  that  part  of  the  county,  and  the 
office  wi«s  then  called  Bloomington.  In  every 
way  he  was  a  good  citizen  and  his  tleath  occurred 
in  1881.  His  wife  survived  him  until  1883 
and  died  in  her  eighty. fourth  year.  She  had  l)een 
a  faithful  wife  and  good  mother,  and  was  to  him 
a  true  helpmate  in  every  sense  of  the  word. 
Mr.  Davidson  had  added  to  his  land  and  so  di- 
vided his  real  estate  between  his  two  sons  that 
William  M.  inherited  273  acres,  on  which  was 
the  homestead  and  the  large  orchard.  The  di- 
vision of  the  property  was  an  amicable  affair 
and  was  by  the  consent  of  the  whole  family. 

William  Davidson  was  (ifteen  years  of  age 
when  he  came  to  Oregon,  and  notwithstanding 
his  youth  be  drove  one  of  the  teams  of  five  yoke 
of  oxen  to  one  of  the  wagons.  After  the  ar- 
rival ()f  the  family  in  Oregon  our  subject  was 
sent  to  school,  and  this  was  the  first  school 
taught  in  Monmouth,  and  was  taught  by  J.  W. 
Cowles,  now  one  of  the  most  honored  citizens 
of  Vam  Hill  county.  Our  subject  resided  witli 
his  father  on  the  farm  anil  helped  tc»  improve  it 
until  1873.  At  that  date  he  married  Miss 
Martha  V.  Moili,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  a 
daughter  of  Jacob  Modi.  They  came  to  Oregon 
at  the  same  time  as  did  the  family  of  Mr.  Dav- 
idson, and  settled  on  a  donation  claim  in  Benton 
county,  where  they  still  reside. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davidson  have  had  but  one 
daughter,  Inez,  now  in  her  eighteenth  year,  re- 
siding with  her  parents  in  the  ])leasant  home 
where  she  was  born.  Her  father  is  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  of  the  (irange,  it  Buena 
Vista.  He  is  in  politics  a  Uepublican,  and 
while  he  gives  his  attention  to  the  farm  he  is 
much  interested  in  public  affairs.  The  farm  of 
our  subject  is  rich  and  productive  and  he  makes 
a  specialty  of  raising  fine  horses  and  keeps  a 
fine  specimen  of  tlie  <lraft-stock.  The  hop 
business  has  interested  him  also,  and  now  he 
devotes  some  of  his  land  to  this. 

Mr.  Davidson  is  a  very  respectable  and  re- 
spected citizen  and  has  tlie  esteem  of  a  wide 
circle  of  friends.  The  personal  appearance  of 
our  subject  is  very  fine,  being  a  man  weighing 
some  225  pounds,  and  is  a  line  representative  of 
the  Oregon  pioneer.  The  present  home  is  built 
around  the  small  home  they  had  when  they  first 
came  to  Oregon,  and  Mr.  Davidson  tells  this 
reminiscence; 


>(■:'!  i 


il'fei'ii 


HISTORY    OF    OHEOON. 


748 


He  t-ays  the  little  house  was  once  used  for  a 
penitentiary  under  the  following  circurnstances: 
A  murder  had  l)een  committed  and  the  mur- 
derer's brother,  Iliram  Evennan.  I'urnished  his 
brother  with  a  saddle-horse  and  aided  him  to 
escape  from  justice.  Hiram  was  tried  and  con- 
victed of  this  and  was  sentenced  to  imprison- 
ment for  five  years  at  hard  labor,  and  tiiere 
beinf^  no  penitentiary  it  was  decided  to  sell  his 
services  for  five  years  to  the  highest  bidder. 
Mr.  Pratlier,  the  former  owner  of  the  house  bid 
!j!5()0,  and  tiiat  being  the  higliest  bid  the 
criminal  was  awarded  him,  and  with  him  he 
serveu  out  his  sentence,  so  that  a  part  of  what 
is  now  the  pleasant  Davidson  liome  was  once 
used  as  tlie  Territorial  penitentiary  of  Oregon. 

S.  TRAIX,  of  the  firm  of  Train  &  Whit- 
ney, editors  and  proprietors  of  the  Al- 
r»  bany  Herald  and  Herald-Dissemimito) ,  iu 
Albany.  Oregon,  was  born  in  Essex  county. 
New  Vork,  ^ngust  (5,  1841,  and  was  taken  by 
liis  parents  to  Stephenson  county,  Illinois,  in 
ISo'i,  in  their  emigration  to  that  State.  As  he 
grew  up,  he  was  employed  on  the  farm,  at  the 
carpenters'  tratle  with  hi<  fatlier,  and  in  a  print- 
in;;  office.  In  18(51.-'R3  he  served  in  the 
Mincty-second  Illinois  V'jlunteer  Infantry,  in 
the  f>;reat  civil  war.  In  1862 -'()5,  he  was  en- 
gaged at  newspaper  work  in  Wisconsin.  From 
1807  to  1882,  he  ta'ight  school  in  Illinois,  in 
Nebraska,  Kansas  an  i  Oregon. 

He  was  married  in  18fl0,  in  Wisconsin,  to 
Mary  J.  Ricks. 

After  his  arr'ival  in  this  State,  he  started,  iii 
1882,  the  Disseminator,  at  Harrit-burg,  FJnn 
county,  and  in  1884:  he  admitted  into  partner- 
ship with  him  J.  II.  Whitney,  a  native  of 
Marion  county,  Oregon,  born  May  1, 18(50,  who 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Eugene,  Lane 
county.  Ho  graduateil  at  the  State  University 
in  1884.  Together  they  purclnised  the  Albany 
Herald,  November  1,  that  year,  and  joine(i  the 
two  pajKirs  Miontioiied  as  the  Herald-Dissemin- 
ator, at  the  same  time  removing  to  Albany, 
wiiere  it  is  now  established  in  the  Foster  131ock 
oti  First  street. 

The  Albany  Herald  was  started  as  \  Republi- 
can paper,  in  1880,  by  Pottinger,  Harnes  & 
Steele.  The  present  proprietors  have  con- 
tinued it  as  such.     In    December,    1885,    they 


commenced  the  issue  of  the  Morning  Herald, 
the  tirst  permanent  daily  paper  in  Albany,  and 
it  has  steadily  grown  in  business  and  influence, 
and  ranks  with  the  leading  papers  of  the  State, 
as  any  one  would  expect,  who  is  acquainted  with 
the  character  of  its  proprietois. 


fREDERlC  GEOR(iE  YOUNG,  the  pop- 
ul.ir  and  efficient  principal  of  the  Portland 
High  School,  is  a  native  of  Dodge  county, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  was  born  June  3,  1858. 
His  father,  Quirin  Young,  was  a  native  of  Sax- 
ony, Germany,  who  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1845,  locating  on  a  farm  near  Burlington, 
Wisconsin.  In  Germany  he  followed  the  pur- 
suit of  a  weaver.  He  married  Miss  Sophia 
Herrmann,  and  they  had  ten  children,  seven  of 
whom  aie  now  living.  In  1*^58  the  beloved 
father  died,  universally  lamented,  liecause  of 
hi*  many  sterling  qualities  of  mind  and  heart. 
The  venerated  motlier  still  survives.  The  an- 
cestors on  both  sides  of  the  family  were  (ier- 
man  Lutherans,  of  the  middle  class. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  seventh 
child,  and  was  reared  on  the  home  farm  in  his 
native  county,  attending  the  country  school. 
Later  he  was  sent  to  the  State  Normal  Sci  '^ol  at 
Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  where  he  took  the  advanced 
course. 

He  then  taught  for  five  years  as  principal  of 
grailed  schools  in  Wisconsin,  after  which  he 
attended  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  in 
Haltimore,  Maryland.  Here  he  took  the  de- 
gree of  B.  A.,  a.  d  did  a  year  and  a  half  gradu- 
ate work  in  the  department  of  history  and 
political  science. 

At  tliis  time  he  was  elected  vice-principal 
of  the  tMate  Normal  School,  in  South  Dakota, 
and  while  holding  that  position,  he  was  elected, 
in  January,  1890,  to  his  present  position  of 
Principal  of  the  Portland  High  School. 

He  was  married  in  1887,  to  Miss  Mary  L. 
Packard,  u  native  of  Manitowoc,  Wisconsin, 
where  she  was  an  estimable  teacher.  They 
have  a  daughter,  Frances  Packard,  and  a  son, 
Frederic  Harold. 

Mr.  Young  is  Independent  in  politics.  He 
was  honored  by  his  cmstituents  in  Dakota  by 
being  elected,  in  1887,  a  tuember  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  South  Dakota, 
and  was  also  elected  an  Alderman  of  the  city  of 
Mmlison,  South  Dakota. 


m 


m 


iii 


144 


IIlSTOHY    liF    OHEdoS'. 


l-t 


In  Portland  he  is  giving  liis  entire  uttention 
to  school  work,  being  thoronghly  iTiformed  on 
all  that  pertains  to  edncational  to|)ii's,  an  excel- 
lent teacher,  a  good  discinlinarian,  and  an  en- 
thusiast in  his  work.  I'lese  (jiialities  have 
secured  for  liiui  tlie  appreciation  of  the  local 
teachers,  as  well  as  that  of  the  best  educators  of 
the  State  at  large,  by  all  of  whom  he  is  rightly 
creilited  with  being  one  of  the  most  jjrogressive 
and  thoroUL'h  educators  of  the  Northwest. 


^^H-^ 


IlLLIAM  (t.  WALLA(JE.  of  Portland, 
Oregon,  has  become  distinguished  as  an 
originator  and  extensive  producer  of 
choice  roses  and  ornamental  and  tropical  jilants. 
It  is  interesting  to  know  something  of  his  his- 
tory. .Mr.  Wallace  is  a  native  of  the  High- 
lands, Scotland,  born  May  1,  184-t.  He  is  a 
direct  descendant  on  both  sides  of  the  fainilv 
of  two  (if  the  most  noted  Highland  chieftains, 
his  mother's  grandfather  being  Donald  Dutf 
McDonald,  and  his  father's  ancestor  being  the 
great  William  Wallace,  celebrated  in  son<j  and 
story.  Mr.  Wallace's  father  was  a  railroad  and 
civil  engineer,  lie  married  Miss  I'.  McDonald, 
of    (ilencoe.       '  had    twelve   children,   of 

whom  si'-  xi'O  !ivi  ig  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
being.  iMid  <,i  '  i.  He  was  raised  in  IJeii 
t'ordsliire,  Myithiu',  until  his  tenth  year,  wht^n 
he  went  to  sl;  .all  his  uncle.  Captain  McDon- 
ald. They  sailed  from  Glasgow  to  Chitui  and 
Australia.  After  his  voyage  he  engaged  in  the 
business  oftlorist  and  landscape  gardening.  He 
was  engaged  for  five  years  on  the  tine  gronmls 
of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  Ti'intoin  Hall,  Stat- 
fonlshire,  England,  and  at  that  time  it  was  con- 
ceded tiiat  the  Duke  had  the  finest  grounds  in 
the  world.  Aftei'  this  he  was  employed  on  the 
grounds  of  Lord  Sligr)  in  Ireland,  as  his  land 
steward.  In  18(5-1:  he  came  over  to  New  York 
andeidisted  in  the  army.  At  the  close  of  the 
Wiir  he  was  honorably  iliscliarged,  atul  returned 
to  his  work  in  l'hiladel])liiu,  and  continued  the 
business  in  I'altimore  and  (Jhio.  He  was  well 
known  in  Ohio  as  a  collector  of  numismatics, 
as  Well  as  a  horticulturist.  He  had  one  of  the 
finest  |)i'ivate  collecti(uis  of  old  coins  and  ine(lals 
west  of  I'hiladelphiii,  numbering  more  than 
10,000  specimens.  He  has  also  the  honor  of 
glowing  the  largest  bunch  of  grajtes  on  record, 
wiiicli  was  sent  to  General  Grunt  for  Thanks- 


!  giving  dinner  in  1S71.  The  biiiudi  measured 
I  five  and  one-half  feet  iti  circumference.  From 
:  <  )hio  he  went  to  Menlo  Park,  California,  to 
take  charge  (>f  and  improve  the  grounds  of  Mrs. 
Mark  Hojikins.  XiUw  this  he  traveled  through 
I'ritish  Columbia  seeking  a  location  in  wliieh 
j  to  establish  his  business,  and  finally  (*e(U(led 
upon  Portland,  ( >regon.  Here  he  established 
j  himself  and  soon  built  up  a  large  busiiuss.  lie 
has  six  large  greeidiou.ses,  heated  by  tivc  fur- 
naces, occupying  two  acres  of  grouni'  in  the 
city.  At  Mt.  Moriali,  a  mile  and  a  hi  If  out- 
side of  the  city,  he  has  twenty  acres  of  groutid, 
on  which  he  is  now  erecting  hothouses  and 
other  improvements,  as  lie  intends  makintr  it 
his  future  home.  He  does  a  large  business  in 
cut  roses,  sending  them  all  over  the  .N'orthwest. 
He  has  a  fancy  for  pets,  and  is  also  l)reeding  a 
few  fine  horses,  in  which  betakes  much  jiride. 
In  18()3  he  was  married  to  Miss  Jane  Kich- 
ings,  of  liatb,  England.  They  have  four  chil- 
dren: Thomas  I']clward,  McKee  Hright,  Maude 
C.,and  Romeo  A.  .Mr,  Wallace  was  a  member 
of  Akron  Commandery  for  twenty  years,  and  is 
also  a  K.  of  P.  and  inember  of  the  I?.  P.  O.  E. 
He  is  a  Uepnblican  in  politics.  He  takes  |u-ide 
in  his  Scotch  ancestry,  and  exhibits  his  clan  suit 
with  pleasure.  He  is  a  good  specimen  of  the 
foreign-born  and' a  thoroughly  loyal  citizen  of 
the  United  States. 


flllLO  HOLHUOOK,  an  intelligent  and 
progressive  citizen  of  Oregon's  beautiful 
metropolis,  and  a  widely  known  and  pop- 
ular jjublic  man,  was  born  in  Seymour,  New 
Haven  contity.  (Connecticut,  in  July.  1840. 
His  parents.  Captain  Pliilo  an<l  Emily  (Tomlin- 
son)  Holbrook,  were  natives  of  (Joni>ecficut  and 
Vermont,  respectively,  and  wore  descended  from 
Puritan  ancestors.  Captain  Holbrook  was  a 
seat'aring  man,  which  vocation  he  followed  for 
twenty  years,  sailing  iti  the  intcr<!st  of  trade  to 
the  West  Indies  an<l  making  frequent  whaling 
expeditions  to  the  .Northern  I'acitic  Ocean. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  had  not  inr.;iy 
early  cducatiomil  privileges,  as  he  cominei'', -d 
to  gain  his  own  support  at  the  age  of  tw.  ive 
years,  since  which  lim(!  he  has  alwa\s  pnnided 
for  himself,  thus  early  serving  an  apprentice- 
ship in  the  school  of  experience,  which  has,  no 
doubt,  contributed  greatly  to  his  present  eini- 


! 


nisroHY  uF  oiiEnoN. 


745 


neiit  success.  His  first  work  was  li^ht  duties 
on  the  fnrin  duriiii^  the  siinimei',  tlie  three  win- 
ter iiiontlis  bein<i  improved  hy  attendin<^  scliooi, 
with  frequent  visits  to  his  home,  wiiich  he  al- 
ways considered  his  heachjuarters.  In  1858,  at 
the  ai^e  of  eijrhteen,  he  started  out  in  life  in 
earnest  by  goinjf  to  sea  before  tiie  mast,  sail- 
iiijf  in  the  coasting;  trade.  The  followiTiii  year, 
he  started  fur  California  via  tlie  Panama  route, 
hiudinii;  in  San  Francisco,  on  Septeiniier  15, 
whence  he  came  in  December  of  the  same  year, 
to  Porthuid,  Orefjon,  arriving  in  the  new  coun- 
try without  either  money  or  friends.  lie  at 
once  commenced  to  labor,  being  employed  in 
various  capacities,  until  18*il,  when  tlie  mining 
excitement  broke  out  in  Idaho.  He  immedi- 
ately started  for  that  country,  covering  the  dis- 
tance on  foot  and  packing  bis  blankc^ts.  Ar- 
rived at  the  mines  he  worked  in  them  for  a 
year,  meeting  with  varied  success.  At  the  end 
of  this  time  he  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Oregon  Steamship  Navigation  (Company,  and 
for  ten  years  was  employed  In  different  capaci- 
ties on  steamboats,  plying  the  Upper  Columbia 
ard  Snake  rivers. 

!n  1872  he  returned  to  Portland,  where,  in 
.■September  of  that  year,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
.u'Tinah  Wilson,  ai\  intelligent  and  amiable 
V>'y,  and  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Wilson,  an  lion- 
oiv'd  pioneer  of  the  early  'oOs.  Thus  captured 
at  hist,  after  his  many  years  of  freedom,  Mr. 
J'  iorook  puri'hased,  with  his  accumulated  sav- 
ings, a  small  farm  of  choice  agricultural  land, 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  Willamette  slough, 
incn;asing  his  possessions  from  time  to  time  as 
opportunity  offered,  until  he  acquired  several 
hundred  acres,  when  he  engaged  extensively  in 
farming  and  stock-raising.  He  followed  this 
business  successfully  until  1881,  when  he  re- 
nutved  with  his  family  to  I'Drtland,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  and  has  continue<l  to  follow 
the  real-estate  business,  buying,  selling,  and 
improving  farm  and  city  property.  His  wide 
itiid  varied  e.\|)erience  has  been  cif  great  benefit 
to  him  in  bis  latter  vocation,  and  tew  men  are 
bettor  ncipiainted  with  land  values,  or  more 
successful  in  the  improvement  and  disposal  of 
property  than  ^fr.  Holbrook. 

lie  and  his  worthy  wife  have  five  childi'en: 
Philo,  Jr.,  Millard  (J.,  Emily,  Samuel,  and  Nellie. 

Although  not  a  politician  in  the  modern  ac- 
ceptation of  the  term,  Mr.  Holbrook  takes  an 
HCtive  interest  in  public  afliiirs  of  impcu'tauce, 
and  has  been  honored  by  bis  constituents  with 


official  positions,  which  trust  he  has  fulfilled 
with  ability  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all 
concerned.  In  1878  he  was  elected  County 
Conmiissioner,  in  which  cajiacity  he  served  for 
two  years,  with  credit  to  himself  and  friends. 

In  June,  1892,  he  was  re-elected  to  this  p(jsi- 
tion  for  a  term  of  four  years,  receiving  the  vote 
of  a  largely  increased  majority.  This  indorse- 
nu'ut  of  So  many  of  his  fellow-citizens  is  not 
only  pleasing  but  valuable  as  evidencing  his 
suitability  for  the  ofKce  and  liis  popularity  as  a 
man. 

Socially,  lie  affiliates  with  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
and  A.  O.  V,.  W.,  taking  an  active  and  promi- 
nent part  in  their  affairs. 

His  life  would  serve  as  an  excellent  incentive 
to  all  poor,  young  men,  as  evidencing  what  in- 
telligence and  perserverance  can  accomplish,  un- 
aided by  any  outside  influence.  It  might  be 
urged  that  all  are  not  etjually  gifted  witli  these 
necessary  adjuncts  of  a  successful  career,  wliich, 
though  true,  does  not  deter  any  and  every  one 
from  doing  their  best,  let  the  consequenccR  bo 
great  or  small. 


foRDON  E.  HAYES,  an  eminent  jurist  of 
Oregon  City,  was  born  in  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon,  Marc'i  27,  1859.  His 
father,  Henry  E.  Hayes,  is  one  of  the  most 
widely  and  favorably  known  men  of  the  North- 
west, to  which  he  came  in  an  early  day.  In 
the  winter  of  18-i8-'-l!3,  being  lured  by  the  gold 
excitement  of  that  day,  he  bought  an  interest  in 
the  Fremont  Mining  and  Trading  (^ompany, 
and  in  March,  1841),  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
sailed  from  New  York,  by  way  of  l!ape  Horn, 
for  California,  and  arrived  in  the  bay  of  San 
Francisco,  October  5.  Proceeding  to  the 
American  river,  he  followed  mining  during  the 
ensuing  winter,  and  met  witli  fair  success.  He 
afterward  returiuid  to  the  East,  where  he  mar- 
ried Mis.-i  Sarah  \,.  Woodward,  and  together, 
they  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  in  185(J,  tak- 
ing ui)  a  donation  claim  in  C'lackamas  county. 
Their  claim  was  located  six  miles  west  of  Ore- 
gon City,  and  was  their  residence  for  a  number 
)f  yeai's.  lie  industriously  cultivated  and  im- 
proved it,  until  he  made  of  it  one  of  the  most 
valuidile  farms  in  the  county.  Later,  he  was 
engaged  in  steamboating.  ami  became  a  cap- 
tain.    He   afterward  followed  mercantile  pur- 


746 


HISTORY    OF    onHOON. 


r-fi 


suits  ill  i-ftitprii  Oregon.  IIu  liiii*  figured  protii- 
inently  in  tlie  atTiiirs  of  tlie  comity  hikI  State 
for  yeiirs,  ami  was,  at  oru"  time,  Lecturer  of  the 
StatR  (iraiii^c,  ol  wliicii  society  lie  was  Master 
tor  six  years. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hayes  liad  tour  cliildreii,  tliree 
of  whom  are  now  living:  Amelia  Is  now  Mrs. 
C.  .Mi!('ii,  and  residt^s  in  .Mount  Talior,  Oregon; 
Harriet  d'w.d  in  her  sixth  year;  (Gordon  K., 
is  tiie  snliject  of  our  sketch;  Alice,  resides  witli 
her  parents  in  Salem,  the  capital  of  the  State, 
where  the  father  has  creeled  a  pleasant  lioiiie, 
ami  where,  in  retirement  from  rteti\e  hiisiiiess, 
lie  spends  his  time  in  the  society  of  his  wife 
and  claiighter. 

The  snhjeet  of  tiiis  sketch  is  the  only  son  of 
tli>'  ''iiniily,  and  had  all  the  advantages  that  com- 
fortahle  means  and  car'ifiil  jiarents  could  he- 
stow.  IJis  preliiiiiiiarv  ediK'ation  was  recieived 
at  home,  after  which  he  attended  the  Pacific 
University  at  I'dresr  (irove.  lie  then  read  law 
with  Mendenliall  &  Stevens,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  har  in  18S5.  and  comiiieiiced  his  practice 
ill  Oregon  (Jity,  the  county  seat  of  Clackaimis 
county,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  he  was  horn 
and  reared. 

lie  was  first  a  partner  of  L.  T.  Hariii,  who  is 
now  United  States  Marshal.  This  partnership 
lasted  h>v  two  years,  since  when  he  has  prac- 
ticed alone,  and  has  a  lucrative  and  constantly 
increasing  business.  Ot  natural  ahility  and  le- 
gal acumen,  great  energy  and  incontrovertihle 
integrity  of  character,  he  has  gained  the  coiiti- 
deiice  Riid  esteem  (d'  the  entire  community.  lie 
has  investeil  largely  in  Oreg(jii  City  property, 
and  has  hiiilt  for  himself  and  family  a  substan- 
tial aii<l  comfortalile  home  in  a  desirable  loca- 
tion, anil  pleasant  surroundings. 

lie  was  married  on  May  20,  1SS5,  tu  Miss 
Adaline  Haker,  an  «.>stimalile  lady,  and  a  native 
of  his  own  county.  T.'iey  have  one  child,  a 
bright  little  daughter,  Ilattie. 

In  \HHH    Mr.  Hayes    was  nominated   by   the 
Democratic  party  fur  District    Attorney,  which 
huiior  he   declined   on    the  gl'oun<l    that  hi'    was 
nut  ill  sympathy  with  the  jiarty  and  diil   not  in 
dorse  the  adiiiinistrution  of  I'resident  Cleveland 


t 


Since  then  he  has  atliliated  with  the  Uepiiiplican 
party,  by  which,  in  IHlttJ,  he  was  nominated  for 
State  Senator,  and  although  the  honor  was  un- 
sought by  him,  he  rectdved  seventy-two  out  of 
110  votes.  Yielding  to  the  solicitude  of  his 
friends,  he  consented  to  the  use  ot  IiIh  name, 
and  he  was  elected  by    a  majority  of  ;{71  votes. 


He  makes  an  efficient   officer,  reflecting  credit 
on  himselt  and  his  constituency. 

Socially,  he  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  IJ.  W. 
and  Knights  of  I'ythias.  and  unite<l  with  the 
CrRiige  in  his  twentieth  year. 

all  sons  of  great  fathers,  Mr.  Hayes' 
in  and  career  is  somewhat  eclipsed  by 
that  ills  illustrious  predecessor.  Still  a  close 
observor  will  distinguish  a  marked  similarity  of 
character,  each  possessing  clear  judgment,  ora- 
torical and  intellectual  atiility  of  a  high  order, 
and  e.xalted  probity,  whi(di  ([ualities  have  con- 
spired to  secure  for  iHjth  blio  good-will  of  their 
fellow  men. 


I^EKllV  W.  SI'IiN'K.  a  lumber  dealer  at 
gF^  Albany,  and  one  of  the  successful  business 
*^  men  of  the  town,  dates  his  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon in  1H52. 

Mr.  Spink  was  born  in  Lowliam|iton.  Wash- 
ington county.  New  York,  SeptemlMfr  24,  1^2U. 
His  father,  lienjamin  Spink,  a  descendant  of 
Scotidi- Irish  ancestry,  was  also  n  native  of 
Washington  county.  His  mother,  l-ucy  (Woodj 
Spink,  was  born  in  Uutland,  Vermont.  His 
mother  died  when  he  was  four  years  oiri,  anil 
he  remained  with  his  father  until  he  reached  his 
tenth  year,  when,  the  family  being  broken  up, 
I'erry  was  taken  by  Deacon  Seth  Peck,  with 
whom  he  remained  live  years,  working  on  the 
farm,  and  each  year  attending  a  short  term  of 
district  sc^liool.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he 
began  working  for  wages,  receiving  %\  per 
month,  the  first  season.  He  tolloweil  farming 
iinlll  ISoO,  by  close  economy,  saving  s^KIM)  be- 
side.''  paying  for  his  schooling  iiiid  other  neces- 
sary expenses.  In  October,  IHoO.  he  went  to 
KaiK!  county,  Illinois,  joined  his  brother  .Mon/.o, 
and  with  him  engageil  in  farming  until  the 
spring  "f  1852,  when  he  decided  to  come  to 
<  )regon.  Il(!  joined  an  emigrant  Jiarty  at 
i'avaria,  Illinois,  and,  by  Jiaying  I^Pio  and 
agreeing  to  drive  a  t<'ain  across  the  plains, 
secured  transportation.  They  traveled  with 
horse  teams,  five  months  being  consumed  in 
the  journey  to  \\w  Dalles,  and  from  there  going 
to  Portland  and  then  to  ( >regon  City. 

After  reaching  Oregon,  Mr.  Spink's  first  em- 
plovment  was  cutting  dord  wood,  at  whi(di  lie 
earneil  sjtTO.  Then  he  went  to  the  mines  in 
Jackeoii   county,  and   prospected,    but    without 


-<sssmMfm 


JMJHiilii 


UlSTOKY    OF    ORBnON. 


747 


cliiirii  118  pay,  tind  tlie    followiiifr  fall  sold  it  for 
SjiBOO.     lie  tlit'M    drove   a   pack    train   lietwcen 


smrt'CPB.  Next  we  find  liirii  in  tlie  Koi^iie  river 
valley,  workinj^  for  a  man  liy  the  name  of 
Uolierts,  who  ran  away.  Mr.  Spink  took  his 
pay,  and 
lie  then 
(Irescent  City  and  Cottonwood,  ('alifornia,  and 
in  September ,  1863,  liegaii  work  for  .Folin  A. 
(Vawford,  paci:inf{  from  Albany  to  Yreka.  In 
May,  1854,  lie  took  cliargi;  of  a  pack  train  for 
Hyde  &  Ives,  snrveyorK  of  Uo}/ne  river  valley, 
the  party  nnmberinfr  fifteen  men,  Biipplies  lieini/ 
paeked  from  .laoksonville.  In  the  sprint;  of 
1857  he  came  to  Albany,  bought  a  team  and 
began  freighting  between  here  and  Portland. 
A  few  inontliH  later  lie  turned  his  attention  to 
farming,  and  was  thus  occupied  until  1803, 
wlien  he  atrain  settled  in  Albany,  and  engaged 
in  trucking,  and  coiitiiuied  this  Inisincss  twenty 
years.  He  also  established  a  wood  yard  and  did 
an  extensive  bnsines.  His  savings  he  invested 
in  a  fartn  of  3()8  acn-s,  locateil  two  miles  south 
east  of  Ilarrisbnrg,  wliich  he  still  owns.  In 
1883  he  sold  his  trucking  outfit,  but  continued 
to  run  his  wood  yard,  and  in  1887  started  a 
luml)er  yard  on  the  corner  of  Water  and  Ferry 
streets,  wliere  be  owns  valuatile  property.  In 
the  fall  of  188!»  ho  closed  out  the  wooii  busi- 
ness, and  has  since  given  his  whole  attention  to 
lumber  interests,  carrying  a  stock  of  lumber, 
lath  and  shingles. 

Mr.  Spink  was  married,  June  11,  1857,  to 
Retiecca  J.  Rankin,  wlio  came  to  Oregon  in 
1852.  They  bad  four  children,  only  one  of 
whom  is  living.  Ida  Louisa,  wife  of  A.  C.  Still- 
maker.  Mr.  Spink  was  niarrie<l  the  second 
time,  Oecember  10.  1872,  to  Mit<H  Mary  E. 
Armstrong,  of  Albany,  Oregon. 

He  is  a  Uepublican,  but  not  an  active  politi- 
cian. As  a  businessman  and  citizen,  he  is  held 
in  high  esteem   by  all  who  know  him. 


JIMIIOI)  1'.  I'AYNK,  County  Clerk  of 
Linn  county,  Oregon,  was  born  near  Dan- 
ville, Vennilion  county,  Illinois,  in  1843. 
His  parents,  Martin  and  Mary  (I'rice)  I'ayne, 
were  natives  of  New  York  anu  Virginia  re- 
spectively. In  the  spritigof  1851  they  crossed 
the  |)lains  from  Illinois  to  Oregon,  traveling 
with  ox  teams,  the  train  with  which  they  jour- 
neyed comprising  about  sixty  wagons,  and  be- 
ing under  cjinmand  of  Captain  David  Frohinan. 


After  six  rrMinths  of  tedious  progress  over  plains 
and  rnountaine,  crossing  the  Cascades  by  the 
liarlow  routt^  they  landed  safe  in  the  Willam- 
ette valley  in  September,  1851.  Mr  I'ayne 
came  direct  to  Linn  county,  and  located  on  320 
acres,  five  miles  southeast  of  Albany,  and  there 
farmed  for  a  number  of  years.  He  subsequently 
settled  in  Alliany.  where  lie  still  resides. 

Ninirod  1'.,  after  completing  his  studies  in 
the  coniinon  scliools.  entered  WillaiiK-tte  Uni- 
versity, but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  leave 
college  before  tinishing  his  course.  y\t  the  age 
of  twenty-one  he  engaged  in  the  sheep  business 
in  Linn  county,  whi(di  he  coiititiued  for  six 
years.  Then,  selling  his  sheep  interests,  he 
bought  a  farm  of  240  acres,  and  until  1873 
devoted  his  time  to  the  raising  of  grain.  In 
1873  Mr.  I'ayne  removed  to  Idaho  and  l)out;lit 
a  squatter's  ri};ht,  IfiO  acres,  near  I'oise  City. 
He  then  drove  out  a  liand  of  200  (tattle  from  \\w 
Willamette  valley,  and  followed  the  stock  busi- 
ness in  Idaho  until  187f),  when  he  returned  to 
Linn  county  and  bought  his  present  farm  of 
320  acres,  three  miles  east  of  Albany.  On  this 
farm  he  has  since  been  raising  grain,  having  all 
of  it  under  cultivation  except  a  few  acres.  Mr. 
I'ayne  also  owns  valuable  property  in  Albany, 
wliere  he  resides. 

His  political  views  are  in  harmony  with  Dem- 
ocratic principles,  and  with  that  jiarty  he 
attiliatcs.  He  was  the  nominee  of  his  party  for 
County  Clerk  in  June,  1890,  and  was  elected  by 
an  nnmistakable  majority.  This  year,  1892,  he 
has  been  nominated  and  reelected  to  the  same 
office. 

In  18fi6  Mr.  Payne  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Rosina  Culver,  daughter  of  Amos  I',  (-iil- 
ver,  a  pioneer  of  1854.  They  have  lost  tliree 
chililren,  and  have  nine  living.  The  names  of 
the  latter  are  as  follows:  Mary,  Hiirr  Morris, 
Leslie  H.,  Monrovia,  I'essie.  Kate.  Kdith. 
Everett,  and  Amy.  Mary  is  now  the  wife  of 
Thomas  Rhodes. 

Mr.  I'ayne  is  a  nieinber  of  the  V.  &  A.  M., 
P.  of  II.,  Fanners'   Alliance,  and   A.  O.  II.  W. 


finXJE  J.  C.  MORKLANDis  an  honored 
son  of  Tennessee,  born  in  Smith  vj  ;nty  in 
.  ^  18'4.  His  ancestry  settled  in  that  State 
early  in  the  seventeenth  centii'-y.  Jesse  More- 
land,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 


748 


HISTORY    OF    OIlKnON. 


\'..i 


followed  an  iigriciiltiiral  life,  ami  was  a  |)ri,'ac'l)ei' 
ill  the  Mutluiilibt  Cluiri'ii.  In  iioiitics  lie  was  an 
old  line  Wliio;,  and  cast  liis  first  vote  for  Henry 
Clay.  Tliouj,'li  liroii<^lit  up  in  the  very  arms  of 
slavery,  ho  early  recofjnized  its  evil  inlluencus 
and  in  184n,  with  his  wile  and  his  children,  eni- 
iitrated  to  Macoupin  county,  Illinois,  and  there 
farmed  for  two  y<;ars.  lie  next  operated  a  coun- 
try store  until  1852.  when  he  too,  joined  the 
westward  tide  of  en'ii<rratiori,  and  with  loaded 
wagons  and  ox  teams,  with  wife,  seven  chil- 
dren and  son-in-law,  set  forth  upon  thatlonoand 
perilous  journey  t(.  the  Pacific  slope,  The  train 
numhered  twenty  wagons  aiu!  alioiit  seviMity-tive 
pe()[)!e.  A'tcr  many  deprivations,  and  consid- 
erable sickness  from  cholera,  alflioui^ii  no  deaths 
in  this  party,  they  journeyed  forwar<l,  and,  after 
six  months  of  travel  they  landed  at  Foster  in  the 
Willamette  valley.  Tliroucih  the  loss  of  cattle 
and  the  hardships  of  travel  the  family  were  so  )n 
reduced  to  penury,  and  Mr.  Morlarid  took  up  a 
claim  of  320  acres  in  what  was  known  as  the 
••Needy"'  settlement  in  ClackaiiiiiR  county.  He 
followed  farming  unti'  1851),  when  on  the  death 
.  "  is  wife  he  reinovv:d  to  Needy  and  enifaged 
in  general  merchandise  biisinest,  continuing 
nntii  1872,  when  nc  sold  out  ami  retired  from 
business  and  lived  with  his  children  until  his 
death  in  March.  18yi. 

.f .  C.  Moreland  was  the  youngest  of  the  family. 
His  education  began  at  the  di>trict  school,  which 
was  conducted  about  three  months  each  yea;". 
The  balance  of  the  year  lie  was  engaged  np.-n 
the  farm,  and  with  these  primitive  jirivileges  he 
jiassed  his  boyhood,  and  in  18()()  he  entered  the 
printing  office  of  the  ( )regon  ••l''armer,"  learn- 
ing the  trade  and  remaining  there  until  the  fall 
of  18fi3,  when  he  again  attended  school  and 
worked  at  his  trade  to  pay  expenses.  In  18(i.") 
he  entered  the  law  office  of  Hon.  i):ivid  JiOgaii, 
one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  the  Pacific  coast, 
and  under  his  instruction  Mr.  Moreland  read  law 
until  March,  18(57,  when  he  was  adniitteil  to  the 
bar,  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  lie 
then  passed  one  year  in  eastern  Oregon  and 
Idaho.  Returning  to  Portland  in  ISfiS  he  com- 
menced active  practice,  which  has  been  contin- 
ued to  the  present  date.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
to  tlie(!ominon  Council  by  the  Hepublican  ])arty 
and  served  one  term  of  tliree years.  In  1S77  ho 
was  appointed  City  .'\ttorncy  of  Portland,  and 
Iield  the  office  for  five  years,  and  therein  were; 
achieved  some  of  hisgreatcst  successes  in  iiiunic- 
iiial   law.     In   1885    he  was  appointed  County 


Judge  to  fill  a  vacancy  of  ei.xteen  montlis,  and 
in  181)0,  he  was  elected  to  till  that  office  for  a 
period  of  four  years. 

He  was  married  at  I5oiso(yity,  Idaho,  in  1807, 
to  Miss  Abbie  IS.  Kline,  a  native  of  Missouri 
and  the  daughter  of  .1.  L.  Kline,  who  emigrated 
to  Oregon  in  1853  and  now  resides  nc'ar  Port- 
land. ^Irs.  Moreland  has  borne  her  liusband  six 
children,  five  of  whom  survive,  namely;  Harvey 
L.,  Susan  A.,  Eldon  W.,  Julius  I.  and  Lueen. 

The  family  reside  at  Mount  Tabor,  where  the 
.ludge  built  a  handsome  residence  in  18!l(). 

He  is  a  Knight  Templar,  Mystic  Shrine 
Mason,  and  I  )eputv  (Jrand  Master  of  tlio(Trand 
Lodge  of  Oregon,  and  Past(iiaud  ( >rator  of  the 
same  body.  Outside  his  profession  lie  is  active 
in  mining  and  real-estate  interests,  and  favors 
every  enterprise  that  advances  jjublic  iinj)rove- 
nionts  of  aiiv  kind. 


fKTl!]U  KIN  DT, a  resjiocted  Oregon  ])ioneer 
of  1853,  and  asiiccessful  farmer  of  Washing- 
ton county,  was  born  in  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, J  une  27,  1S27.  His  parents,  Charles 
and  Dora  (lloniel)  K'in<lt,  were  both  natives  of 
the  same  State,  and  the  ancestors  of  the  family 
had  come  in  early  days  to  t'ennsylvaiiia  from 
(ieiiiiany.  Mr.  Kindt  was  the  fourth  child  of 
the  family  of  seven  children,  was  reared  in  his 
native  State,  wlu're  he  had  but  limited  oppor- 
tunities for  educ:;tion,  and  in  1847  he  remuvod 
to  Ohio. 

In  1850  ou!  sulijcct  went  to  fiidiana  and 
worked  on  farms,  breaking  land,  and  two  years 
later  lie  moved  to  Missouri,  thus  moving  west- 
ward by  degrees.  Missouri  did  nut  suit  him, 
and  he  started  across  the  plains  for  Oregon  in 
1853.     The  party  with  whom  he  was  traveling 

~5,  in  a  ferry- 


orossod  tlie  Alissouri  river  A])ril  2.' 
boat,  and  May  1  they  crossed  Elkhorn  river, 
having  built  a  raft,  on  whi(di  they  put  the 
wagons  and  families,  in  the  party  was  a  great 
Micliigaiider,  who  was  having  everything  his 
own  way,  and  just  before  sunset  he  l)egan  to 
drive  the  cattle  into  the  water.  The  sun  shone 
in  their  eyes  so  that  they  could  not  see  how  to 
swim,  and  there  was  great  danger  of  their  being 
drowned.  The  great  tpliisteriiig  fellow  l)egan 
to  whip  .Mr.  Kimit's  entile,  and  at  this  our  sub- 
ject objected,  and  they  had  some  decided  words 
utioii    ''e  subject.     He  found,  however,  that  al- 


Iglgn 


iS 


HisToitY  OF  onuaoN. 


740 


tlion<,'li  liu  was  a  biV  iniiii,  lie  hud  tackled  the 
wroiij;  mail,  I'or  Mr.  Iviiidt  was  j)eacealilc,  but 
would  not  be  imposed  upon,  and  soon  the  burly 
soil  of  iMichigan  was  thoroughly  thrashed. 
After  this  episode,  no  one  oljjected  to  Mr. 
Kindt's  plan  to  permit  the  cattle  to  wait  until 
morning  for  the  crossing,  when  it  was  safely 
acconiplishud. 

iJuring  all  the  first  part  of  the  journey  the 
rivers  were  swollen,  and   for   three    weeks  the 
clothing   was   wet  all  the  time.     They  jiacked 
the  animals,  and  then  had  to  swim  with  them. 
They  crossed  the  river  at  I'orUand  August  28,  on 
Stephen's    mule  ferry,  and  from  there  came  out 
to    Amjcs    Chai)pcl'8,    in     Washington    county, 
near  the  present  site  of  Beaverton.  from  which 
place    they  prospected    for    a   donation    claim. 
Mr.  Kinilt  looked  the  country  over  as  far  as  the 
liogue   river,  and   in   the  iiKuintime  worked  at 
whatever  ho  could  lind   to  do.     ]Ie  finally  se- 
lected   the   320    acres  of  land,  where   he  now 
resides,  and  purchased   the  right   to    it  from  a 
Mr.    Stingley    for    $31)0,    which      money    Mr. 
Kindt  had  ea/iied  by  working  by  the  day.     The 
property  had  a  shanty  on  it,  and  five  acres  of  it 
was   cleared.      lie   has   made  a   very   excellent 
farm  of  this  projierty,  erecting  on  it  a  comfort- 
able residence,  barn   and   all   the   outbuildings 
necessary  to  the  conducting  of  a  first-class  farm. 
April  7,  1853,  just    before    starting   on    his 
long  journey  across  the  ])laius,  he  married  Miss 
I'ho'be  Davies,  a  native  of  Indiana,  born  April 
30,  J83T,  daughter   of    Mr.  Miles    Davies,    who 
came  with  his  family  to  Oregon  at   the  same 
time  that  Mrs.  Kindt  crossed    the  ])lains  with 
her  young  husband.     Since  her    marriage   she 
has  been  his  faithful  wife,  devoted  to  his   inter- 
ests, ami  aiding  him  in  every  enterjirise.     AInch 
of  his  success  in  life  is  due  to  her  industry  and 
economy.      Five  children    were  born   to  their 
union,   three    of   whom    are  living,  as  follows: 
Dora   .lane,  widow  of   Mr.  CJarl   SV.  Kliott.  and 
resides    in    Ilillsboro,  being  a  teaidier    in    the 
schools  of  that  city;  Charles  Edgar,  is  a  lawyer 
of  I'ortland;  and  John  ().,  is  at  home  with  his 
father.      Abraham  died  in  his  second  year,  and 
Laura  in  her  fifth  year.      Before  the  great  civil 
war    Mr.    Kindt   voted   the    Democratic  ticket, 
but  since  the  foi'ination  of  the  Ilopublican  party 
has    been    a  stanch   supporter   of    it.     lie  has 
taken  an  active  part  in   the  polities  of  the  city 
and  State,  and  has  always  aiucd  and  forwarded 
every  e<lucational  improvement  in  his  district, 
being  one  of  its   officials  a  greater  portion  of 


the  time.  Mrs.  Kindt  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  (!lnirch,  and  both  she  and  her  hus- 
band are  worthy  anil  iiiHuential  farmers,  who 
enjoy  the  esteem  and  respect  of  all  who  know 
them. 


fV.  BARNES. — The  deserved  success  at- 
tending the  combined  efforts  of  entcr- 
<»  prise  and  persistency  are  amply  demon- 
strated in  the  life  of  F.  C.  Barnes,  who  was 
born  in  Albany,  New  York,  in  1854.  His 
father,  William  Barnes,  was  a  machinist  and 
manufacturer,  who,  in  1856  emigrated  with  his 
family  to  Clark  county,  Iowa,  and  there  followed 
farming  until  1801,  when  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon,  and  after  an  eventful  passage,  landed 
at  the  Dalles,  and  thence  by  boat  down  the  Col- 
umbia river,  arriving  at  Portland  in  the  fall  of 
the  same  year,  lie  engaged  in  the  wood  busi- 
ness, and  in  the  fall  of  18(53  was  elected  Road 
SujH'rvisor,  which  position  he  held  for  many 
years.  In  18(55  he  oj)ened  the  I'arnes  road, 
which  leads  from  I'ortland  into  the  Willamette 
valley,  and  later  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness. 

F.  C.  ISarnes  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  I'ortland,  and  in  the  store  of  his 
father.  In  1873  he  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  for  himself,  following  it  for  three 
years.  He  then  sold  out  and  engaged  in  gar- 
dening on  what  is  known  as  the  J5eaver  Dam 
gard(!ning  land,  operating  alout  thirty  acres, 
wholesaling  his  products.  This  he  continued 
until  about  1883,  when  he  entesed  into  partner- 
ship with  AVilliam  Maguire,  and  established  a 
market  on  the  corner  of  Third  and  Morrison 
streets  for  the  sale  of  game,  poultry,  fish  and 
oysters,  continuing  until  1888,  when  Mr.  Barnes 
bought  Mr.  Maguire's  interests,  and  has  since 
continued  alone.  In  May,  1890,  he  removed 
to  his  present  location,  corner  of  Third  and 
Washington  streets,  where  in  his  line,  he  oper- 
ates one  of  the  leading  markets  of  the  city,  em- 
ploying forty  men,  with  six  wagons  and  one 
truck,  engaged  in  the  delivery  of  goods.  lie 
has  a  poultry  house  25  by  100  feet,  two  stories 
high,  with  a  capacity  of  two  carloads  of  live 
jioultry,  embracing  facilities  for  dressing  snd 
shipping,  with  a  cold  storage  room  25  by  30 
feet.  He  can  furnish  fresh  game  every  month 
in  the  year.     He  has  a  building  eighty-Hvc  feet 


♦7 


750 


IlTSTOnr    OF    ORRnON. 


ecjuare  for  tlio  piirposc  dl  siiltiiiif,  smoking  ami 
canning  salrnun.  witii  a  capacity  (if  fifty  tlion- 
Band  cases  a  year,  wliicli  ^^jvi's  enipioyincMit  lor 
over  100  mt'ii.  Ilu  is  a  iliinetor  of  tlu'  N'ortli- 
vcstei-n  ('(lid  Storai^u  and  Ice  Company,  wlio 
tniiiiiifiictiii'(.^  twenty  tons  of  ice  per  day,  foi'city 
and  doiiK'stie  pni'|ioses. 

Mr.  f'lanu's  was  married  in  I'ortland  in  1S7(), 
to  Miso  leaiielli'  M.  I'aine,  a  native  of  Oregon, 
and  danjfiiter  of  William  11.  I'ayne,  an  Oregon 
jiioneer  of  1849.  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harnes  have 
five  ciiildren;  Clara  M.,  Lila  E.,  Ivy  (Trace, 
(iladys  and  Frank  S(;ott. 

Mr.  liariu's  owns  one  (jnarterliloek  on  North 
Fourteenth  street  and  several  other  lots,  which 
are  substantially'  improve(l  in  residences  for 
private  and  tenement  purposes,  lie  also  has 
leases  on  some  of  Portland's  most  valualile  prop- 
erty, which  he  lias  covered  with  stores,  and 
so[nc  of  which  is  without  doubt  the  very  best 
business  locations  in  the  city,  briuf^inj^  him  in 
a  revenue  that  any  oTie  might  be  prou(i  of.  lie 
is  a  liepiiblican  in  politics,  but  takes  no  active 
part  in  same,  as  his  interests  and  time  are  fully 
occupied  with  his  business  enterprises.  He  is 
a  man  who  pos.scsses  the  faculty  of  getting 
ahead,  niid  his  success  is  the  just  reward  of  per- 
severint;  ettbrt  accompanied  by  honest  business 
principles. 


lAVID  TOKHKT.  A.  M.,  Professor  of 
Mathematics  and  English  in  the  Albany 
^  Collegiate  Institute,  Albany,  Ore(ron, 
was  born  in  Shrevc,  Wayne  county,  Ohio,  in 
lS4-t.  His  father.  Robert  A.  Torbet.  was  a 
native  of  PeTinsylvania,  but  was  married  in 
Oiiio  in  1843,  to  Iveziah  Scott,  of  Holmes 
county,  Ohio.  They  began  married  life  in  a 
little  log  cabin,  the  one  room  below  serving  for 
liviui,'  purposes,  and  the  attic  being  used  for  the 
storage  of  wheat,  corn  and  family  supplies, 
liobert  A.  began  teaching  school  when  he  was 
eighteen,  and  continued  that  occupation  tliirty 
years.  Ho  also  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits, which  he  has  followed  up  to  the  present 
time,  and  both  he  and  his  wife  are  now  living 
in  Holmes  conuty,  on  laud  that  was  improved 
by  his  father.  iSlr.  and  Mrs.  Torbet  had  ten 
children,  eight  of  whom  survive,  David  lieing 
the  first  born. 

The  sniiject  of  our  sketch  received  his  gduca- 


tion  at  I'aldwiti  rniversity,  P>erea,  Ohio,  gradu- 
ating with  the  degree  of  .\.  H,  in  X'STi.  His 
education  was  procured  by  personal  effort.  The 
first  money  he  earned  was  at  farm  work,  at  810 
per  month,  and  for  his  first  teaching  ho  received 
75  cents  jicr  day.  After  a  term  of  army  serv- 
ice, young  Torljot  resumed  teaching,  saving 
his  nuiiu'v  for  his  higher  education.  WhcTi  ho 
began  his  studies  at  lierea,  his  father  took  him 
and  his  sister  to  that  place,  a  distance  of  fifty- 
seven  miles,  the  sister  remaiiung  to  take  care 
of  their  modest  ipnirters,  cook  wash,  and  to  pur- 
sue her  studies,  David  paying  for  their  tuition, 
fuel,  books,  rent,  etc.  The  Professor  still  has 
in  his  possession  a  small  wood  saw,  which  ho 
purchasod  that  first  year,  with  which  he  sawod 
forty-four  cords  of  wood  for  exercise  and  profit, 
at  the  same  time  carrying  his  studies  in  Cireek, 
Latin,  Algebra  and  (ieometry.  During  his 
course  of  six  years  ho  never  received  a  grade 
less  than  100  in  mathematics.  After  he  had 
been  in  college  three  months  he  took  (diarge  of 
an  Algebra  class,  the  |iay  for  the  same  iimre 
than  paying  tuition  of  himself  and  sister.  Dur- 
ing the  second  year  he  taught  both  arithmetic 
and  algebra.  The  third  year  ho  was  principal 
of  the  public  schools  of  Berea.  All  this  time 
ho  was  keeping  up  his  studies  and  |)as8ing  his 
examinations.  Thus,  by  labor  and  study,  he 
continued  his  course,  assisted  in  the  education 
of  his  brothers  and  sisters,  and  graduated  with 
honor. 

As  an  educator,  Professor  Torbet  ranks  with 
the  fijrenidst  of  the  country.  After  comploting 
his  collegiate  course  he  was  employed  for  a 
time  as  principal  and  Superintendent  of  I'ublic 
Schools  at  West  Stlem,  Wayno  county,  Ohio, 
after  which  he  was  principal  of  the  I'nrbank 
Academy,  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in 
Baldwin  University,  aiul  Superintendent  of  Pub- 
lic Schools  ut  Londonville,  Ohio.  He  then  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  Norwood  High  School, 
in  Nelson  county,  Virginia,  in  which  school  ho 
taught  six  years,  making  nniny  friends,  and 
learning  much  of  Southern  life. 

In  .Inly,  1888,  Professor  Torbet  came  by  in- 
vitation to  the  Dalles,  as  assistant  principal  of 
the  Wasco  Independent  Academy  and  Normal 
School,  and  in  1889  tilled  the  otHce  of  princi- 
pal. In  1890  he  moved  to  Lebanon,  where  he 
served  as  principal  of  the  Santiam  Academy. 
In  .\pril,  1891.  he  iiccepted  the  call  of  Pros! 
dent  (.'ondit,  of  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institu. 
to  the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  and  Eng- 


UlSTUUY    Oh'    OHKUON. 


V>\ 


lish  in  tlint  institution.  During  liis  experienco 
in  teaching  lie  1ms  never  been  unemployed,  the 
vacant  chair  having  always  been  the  seeker  for 
his  professional  service. 

I'rot'essor  Torbet  was  nicrried  in  Liverpool, 
Me<lit)a  county,  Ohio,  in  1871.  to  Miss  Olive  A. 
Warner,  a  graduate  of  Haldwin  University, 
who  has  devoted  many  years  to  teaching,  assist- 
ing her  husband  in  his  several  appointments. 
They  hav(^  had  seven  children,  namely:  Dora 
E.,  J'hebe  K.,  Ellen  E.,  Joseph  E.,  Vida  O., 
Robert  N.  and  lliram  W.  All  are  living  ex- 
cept Dora  E. 

The  Professor  is  an  Ancient  Odd  Fellow  and 
a  very  active  Church  worker. 


^ItOFESSOU  Z.  M.  I'AUVIX,  director  of 
^^  the  Conservatory  of  Music,  of  Willamette 
*^  University,  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  having 
been  liorn  in  Uipley  county  in  184:8.  His  an- 
cestry dates  back  to  the  llugnenots,  who  were 
driven  from  France  to  England,  and  then  emi- 
grated to  America,  locating  in  New  .Jersey, 
where  the  father  of  our  subject.  Samuel  Kay 
I'arvin,  was  boi'ii.  lie  emigrated  to  Indiana  in 
18i3.'3,  and  was  one  of  the  ])ioneer8  of  Union 
county.  lie  settled  in  the  wilderness  and  there 
cleared  up  a  line  farm.  He  then  removed  to 
Ripley  county,  and  at  Mapoloon  resumed  his 
trade  of  shoemaker.  He  made  the  first  pair  of 
shoes  made  in  that  section.  In  1850  he  removed 
to  McDonough  county,  Illinois,  and  followed 
his  trade  until  his  death,  in  1881. 

Z.  M.  I'arvin  received  his  early  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Indiaiui  and  Illinois,  iind  at 
the  Presbyterian  Seminary  at  Abiiigdon,  Illi- 
nois. 

At  the  fii'ing  upon  Fort  Sumter  Mr.  Parvin 
was  tired  with  the  spirit  of  patriotism,  and, 
although  but  eighteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted 
at  Springfield.  Illinois,  in  Company  I),  Sixty- 
fourth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  first  known 
as  Vate's  Sharp  Shooters,  under  Colonel  John 
Alorril.  During  the  winter  of  1861-'62  they 
were  on  general  duty  at  Quincy,  Illinois,  and  in 
the  spring  they  formed  the  skirmish  line  for 
the  army  of  General  Pope  down  the  Mississippi 
river  from  Cairo,  accompanied  by  (Ajunnodore 
Foote,  with  his  iron-clad  fleet.  Their  first  en- 
gagement was  at  the  bombardment  of  New 
Madrid  and  the  capture  of  Island  Number  Ten. 


From  there  on  to  Fort  Pillow,  where  they  were 

transferred  to  the  army  of  the  Tennessee  and 
engaged  in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  where,  as  sharp- 
shooters, they  were  engaged  in  close  rcHjon- 
noisance,  and  a  passing  cannon  ball  came  in 
such  close  proximity  to  Mr.  Parvin  that  he  has 
never  recovered  from  the  concussion.  A  min- 
ie  ball  also  passed  through  his  hat,  but  he  was 
spared  from  severe  wounds.  He  was  taken  ill, 
however,  from  exposure,  and  though  remaining 
with  his  regiment  was  too  ill  for  active  service, 
and  just  before  the  battle  of  luka,  iMissi-sippi, 
was  discharged,  September  17,  1802,  but  was 
still  detained  at  the  post.  He  witnessed  the 
second  battle  of  Corinth,  which  was  a  terrilile 
slaughter  of  the  Confederates.  He  then  re- 
turned home,  and  after  two  years,  one  spent  in 
resting  and  one  in  study,  he  again  enlisted  late 
in  1804-  in  Company  K,  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-first  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  was 
ap|)ointe(l  Commissary  of  the  regiment,  and 
later  was  made  Second  Lieutenant.  They  fol- 
lowed down  the  Chattanooga  k.  Atlanta  rail- 
road, and  at  Ivingston,  (Tcorgia,  received  the 
surrender  of  General  Wofl'urd,  May  30.  1805, 
and  they  paroled  15,000  men.  The  regiment 
was  then  detailed  to  Columbus,  Georgia,  and 
aided  in  the  forming  of  a  local  government  and 
in  the  first  steps  taken  toward  reconstruction, 
being  discharged  in  January.  1800,  when  Mr. 
Parvin  n^turncd  to  his  home.  Three  brothers 
of  Mr.  Parvin  were  also  in  the  war.  namely: 
Isaac  M.,  who  enlisted  in  the  Eighty-eighth 
Illinois  and  served  fur  three  years  in  the  South- 
ern department;  John  T.,  who  enlisted  in  the 
Fifty-seventh  Illinois  and  served  four  years  in 
the  army  of  Tennessee  under  General  Slierman, 
and  was  in  the  grand  review  at  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia;  and  (4ilbort  T.,  wdio  en- 
listed in  the  Sixteenth  Illinois  and  served  four 
years.  His  regiment  was  a  marching  one, 
making  thirty  miles  per  day,  after  which  they 
would  enter  engagements.  They  were  under 
General  Sherman  in  his  campaign  and  assisted 
in  the  grand  review  at  Washington.  Strange 
to  relate,  of  the  four  brothers  none  were  seri- 
ously injured. 

After  his  return  home  Mr.  Parvin  was  en- 
gaged in  farming  for  two  years,  when  he  de- 
cided to  take  up  music  as  a  profession.  lie 
began  the  study  of  vocal  musi(;  with  George  F. 
Root,  of  ("hicago,  and  vocal  culture  with  Carlo 
Hassini  and  George  J.  Webb,  of  New  York 
city.  Piano,  theory  and  harmony  with  WilHam 


m 


IITHTORY    OF    OREGON. 


m  'm 


m 


:!.# 


»A. 


Mason,  Dt'Nuw  York,  mul  II.  K.  I'aliiier,  of  Clii- 
('airo,  and  oriran  with  \V.  S.  1!.  Matlii'ws,  of  Clii- 
caj^o.  I'nif'i'ssor  I'arviii  licjraii  tcaeliiiifr  in  Illi- 
nois in  18(i!l,  t'untenijKirai'y  with  IJliss  ami  men 
of  that  ilk,  hut  continniMJ  his  studies  with  the 
hest  masters  until  1S74.  in  1875  he  was  called 
to  Oalil'oi'nia  fts  Professor  of  Music  at  the  State 
Normal  Seliool  at  San  .lose,  where  he  eontiiiued 
for  three  years.  lie  then  taught  private  classes 
an<l  in  the  j)uhlic  schools  at  (lilroy  and  Santa 
Clara  until  188*5,  when  he  came  to  Salem  as 
musical  director  of  the  Conservatory  of  Music. 
This  department  of  the  VVillanietto  Tniversity 
was  orifanized  in  1881,  with  two  teachers  and  a 
few  pujiils,  hut  the  class  now  numbers  150 
])Uj)il8   and   live  assistants   are   (constantly  em- 

Filoyed.  Ahout  fifty  j)upils  have  irraduatcd 
roin  the  (!onservatory,  and  these  have  organ- 
ized a  musical  ainmni,  the  influence  of  which  is 
felt  throughout  the  Northwest. 

Professor  Parvin  was  married  in  Hardolph, 
Illinois,  in  1800,  to  Miss  Addie  Sutton,  u  native 
of  Maine,  and  they  Imvo  three  children:  Mary 
(>.,  wife  of  Hon.  .f.  N.  Brown,  of  Ileppner, 
eastern  (Iregon;  John  Hay  and  (Chester  A.  The 
two  latter  are  boinir  educated  at  the  university. 
The  Professor  has  built  a  handsome  residence 
on  his  ten-acre  fruit  farm  on  South  Commercial 
street,  one  mile  from  the  post  otHce,  in  which 
he  and  liis  family  now  reside.  He  devotes  his 
life  to  the  advancement  of  his  Conservatory,  in 
which  he  is  deeply  interested.  He  is  Past  Com- 
mander of  Sedo;\vick  Post,  No.  10,  G.  A.  11., 
Department  of  Oregon;  also  a  member  of  A. 
O.  U.  W.  and  I.  O.  ().  F.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Congregational  Church,  and  in 
politics  is  a  stanch  Republican. 


I^EMFEL  H.  AIONTAXYE.anattorney-at- 
\(/fi  law  at  Albany,  has  been  identified  with 
^jr  the  business  interests  of  this  city  for  nearly 
two  <lccades.  Of  his  life  the  following  brief 
record  is  made: 

I.,emuel  H.  Montanye  was  born  in  Switzer- 
land county,  Indiana,  November  8,  1840.  His 
father,  Lemuel  Montanye,  a  native  of  New  Jer- 
sey, was  born  in  1780,  a  descendant  of  the 
French  Huguenots,  early  settlers  of  that  State. 
About  1828  he  emigrated  to  Indiana  and  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  in  1838  was  married  in 
Switzerland  county  to  Miss  Hannah  Heiiry.  Of 


their  four  cliildrcn,  the  subject  of  our  sketch 

was  the  second  born  and  is  the  only  survivor. 
For  a  number  of  years  after  his  marriage  Lem- 
uel Montanye  was  cngagiMl  in  sawmilling  and 
trailing,  carrying  jjroduce  and  lumber  on  the 
<lhio  and  Mississijjjii  rivers  to  New  Orleans. 

Lemuel  II.  attended  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  State,  and  also  took  a  course  in  a  busi- 
ness college  at  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  When 
the  war  came  on  he  was  among  the  first  to  re- 
spond to  the  call  for  ;300,(I00  men.  In  August, 
18(il,  he  enlisted  in  ('oni])any  I),  Eighteentli 
Indiaini  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  continued  in 
the  service  until  August  10,  1804,  when,  his 
term  of  enlistment  having  expired,  he  was  hon- 
orably discharged.  He  participated  in  numer- 
ous engagements,  prominent  among  which  were 
the  battle  of  Pea  liidge  and  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg. 

In  1869  Mr.  Montanye  began  the  study  of 
law  in  Franklin,  Louisiami,  under  the  instruc- 
tion of  Judge  A.  L.  Tucker,  a  distinguished 
lawyer  of  western  Louisiana,  and  subsequently 
entered  the  Law  department  of  the  University 
of  Louisiana,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  Marcli 
28,  1871.  He  then  commenced  practice  at  New 
Iberia,  same  State,  and  remained  there  three 
years,  a  portion  of  the  time  serving  as  Justice 
of  the  Peace.  In  the  summer  of  1874  ho  cau)e 
to  Oregon  and  located  at  Albany.  Here  he 
formed  a  copartnershij)  with  J.  J.  Whitney, 
then  District  Attorney,  which  partuei'ship  con- 
tinued three  years.  At  this  time  Mr.  Montanye 
was  elected  Kecoi'der  for  the  city  of  Albany  and 
served  two  years.  Resuming  practice  in  1879, 
he  (••Mitinned  his  legal  profession  alone  until 
January  1,  18U2,  when  he  and  T.  P.  Ilackle- 
nian  became  associateil  together  in  business. 

Mr.  Montanye  has  taken  a  prominent  jiart  in 
public  affairs.  He  has  becTi  School  Clerk  and 
a  J )i rector  for  tlut  Fifth  S(diool  District  of  Al- 
bany for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  the  Linn  Fire  Engine  ('om- 
pany,  No.  2,  which  was  organized  September 
13,1875,  theirs  being  the  first  steam  tire  engine 
of  the  city.  After  serving  ten  years  in  the 
volunteer  department  he  became  a  member  of 
the  lixempt  Firemen.  In  1884  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  attended  the  reg- 
nlar  and  extra  sessions  of  1885. 

January  23,  1870,  Mr.  Montanye  was  mar- 
ried in  Kingston,  Adams  county,  Mississi[)pi, 
to  Miss  Kate  Haynard,  a  native  of  Louisiana. 
Their  two  children  ftre  (leorge  P>.  and  Mary  H. 


ttiHTnnr  of  nti/anox. 


rw 


Mr.  Montniiyo  is  iiii  Kiiciiinpineiif  ineinlier  of 
tlie  I.  ().  O.  I''.,  and  lias  iilwo  tiikc^ii  tlii!  liulinknli 
des^ree.  With  tlio  (i.  A.  K.  lie  is  iipoiiiiiieiitly 
coimcctt'il,  Ik'Iiij;  I'list  .Fiiiiior  Vicu  Di'iiitrtinciit 
CoiiiiiiiiiHli'r  of  tiiu  Dupdrtniuiit  of  Oregon. 


— ^-^ilngit-)^ 


fAl'TAlN  J.  II.  IJ.  GllAV,  ia  one  of  tiie 
oldest  yiitivc  sons  of  the  Northwest,  and 
was  horn  to  Anieri(!an  parents  in  Idaho, 
formerly  a  part  of  the  Territory  of  Oregon  in 
1><39.  His  father,  William  11.  (Iray,  was  a 
native  of  Uticn,  New  York,  and  wa^  born  in 
1810.  In  early  life  he  learned  the  trade  of 
cabinetmaker,  and  suhseqnently  studied  medi- 
cine, which  he  practiced  a  short  time  in  Fair- 
field, New  York.  In  183(5  lie  ac('om])anied  Dr. 
iMarcns  Whitman  across  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
making  the  journey  on  horseback.  Uetiirning 
to  the  States  in  1837,  ho  was  married  at 
IJticfl,  New  ^'ork,  February,  1838,  to  Miss  Mary 
A.  Dix,  and  they  immediately  8tarte<l  across  the 
plains  for  Oregon,  accompanied  by  the  mission- 
aries, Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Klls,  all  inakinir  the  journey  on  horseback. 
From  the  Missouri  river  they  traveled  with  the 
Northwest  fur  tra|)pers,  the  little  company 
numberi?ig  about  twelve.  Arriving  safely  at 
AValla  Walla,  Messrs.  Gray,  Walker  and  p:ils 
were  sent  to  Lapwai,  Idaho,  to  establish  a  mis- 
sion, Mr.  Gray  taking  charge  of  the  secular 
work  and  praci icing  medicine  as  occasion  arose. 
Remaining  until  1842,  he  removed  to  the 
Willan)ette  Valley  and  followed  his  trade,  and 
profession  at  Salem  and  Oregon  Gity,  until 
1840,  when  he  puichased  the  donation  claim  of 
liev.  J.  L.  Parrish.  on  Clatsop  plains,  and  then 
settled,  engaging  in  farming  and  practice  up  to 
1854.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  on  Clatsop  plains.  The 
following  twelve  years  were  passed  in  Astoria, 
iti  Oregon,  British  Columbia  and  The  Dalles;  re- 
turning to  Astoria  in  1806,  he  then  prepared  his 
history  of  Oregon,  which  was  published  in  1870, 
covering  the  period  from  1702  to  1849.  In 
public  atfair.s  Mr.  Gray  tilled  a  prominent  posi- 
tion, and  was  one  of  the  Legislative  Committee 
of  nine,  which  met  at  Chainpoeg  in  May.  1843. 
and  was  one  of  the  committee  of  three  to  draft 
a  constitution  upon  which  to  form  a  Provisional 
Government. 

J.  H.  D.  Gray  was  the  eldest  of  nine  children, 


He  WHS  educated  at  the  schools  cd'  Clatsoji 
coiin'y  and  at  the  Pacific  University.  In  1857 
he  engaged  in  mercantile  life  as  a  clerk  for 
Ainswirlh  and  Deardorf,  at  ( (rcgon  City,  con- 
tiiii'iiig  one  year,  he  then  went  to  I''ra8er  river, 
and  entered  the  life  of  steamboating.  first  as 
mate  and  pilot,  ami  in  18."J!I  he  became  master 
of  the  vessel,  running  u])  the  Fraser  river  ami 
Harrison  lake.  In  August.  18(J1.  he  engag('<l 
as  pilot,  on  the  steamer  Caribou.  While  com- 
ing out  of  Victoria  harbor  the  boat  was  blown 
up.  and  a  large  number  of  lives  were  lost,  but 
our  subject  t'8ca])0(l  with  but  slight  injuries. 
Upon  recovering  he  began  steamboating  upon 
the  Upper  O/lumbia.  running  from  Celilo,  to  the 
headwaters  of  the  (Columbia  and  Snak(*  rivers,  a 
distance  of  300  miles.  In  October.  1807,  while 
gunning  he  lost  his  right  hand,  by  accident,  and 
in  1808  ho  came  to  Astoria,  and  engaged  in 
steamboating  for  himself.  lie  placed  upon  the 
river  the  first  steamboat,  owned  at  Astoria,  and 
established  the  line  to  I''ort  Stevens.  Oregon,  and 
F(M't  (Janby,  Washiiigto?i.  which  he  continued 
until  1888,  and  is  tiow  operated  by  other  parties. 
In  1888  (Japtain  (^ray  engaged  in  the  real-estate 
business,  and  in  188U.  incorporated  the  Astoria 
Real  Fstate  ('ompany.of  which  he  is  the  manager, 
and  engaged  in  handling  both  city  and  country 
property.  Captain  owns  a  large  amount  of  acre 
proj)erty  in  Clatsop  county,  city  propei'ty  at 
Astoria  and  300  acres  at  Frankfort,  on  the 
Washington  shore. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  in  1808,  to  Miss 
Laura  W.  Hell,  a  daughter  of  John  C.  Bidl,  a 
pioneer  of  1851.  Tr'  ■  i  ;  union  has  been  added 
eight  children,  thrf  i  • ,  and  five  daughters. 
Captain  Gray  is  an  luicampnient  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  Past  Masterof  the  A.  O.  V.  W. 
In  188Ghe  was  elected  State  Senator,  from  (Hat- 
sop,  (-olumbia.  and  Tillamook  counties,  and 
filled  the  term  for  four  years.  During  the 
Legislature  he  secured,  after  a  hard  tight,  the 
reapportionment  of  the  district,  which  had  been 
much  ham])ered  for  want  of  proper  representa- 
tion, and  tlius  secured  one  senator  and  two 
representatives  for  Clatsop  ctumty.  The  politi- 
cal advantage  lias  materially  aided  in  securing 
increased  appropriations  and  the  speedy  con- 
struction of  the  tJnited  States  Government  Jetty 
at  the  bar  of  the  Columbia  river,  and  also  ad- 
vancing useful  legislation  for  roads  through  the 
county.  Captain  (Jray  filled  the  office  of  ])ilot 
coniniissioner  for  four  years,  and  has  always 
been  active  in  promoting  steamboat  navigation. 


7n4 


nrsTonr  of  onmaox. 


■:l'i 


'M- 


uihI    in    liiiililiiij^f   up   tlir   city.      lit'  Iiih  served 
three  yciii'ri  ii8  ( 'ouncilrriiiii  <il   tlie  'itv.  mid  wiis 
one   of   tlie    |ii'iiu'i|);il    niDvei'it   in    tiic  Coliiiriiiiii 
Uivcr    Ceiitctuiiiil    ('I'leiiratiii'.    M-iiy   11,   lsy;2. 
Servini^  iiH  Marine  Miirshid.  diirinj;;  tiie  iinniver-    ! 
■  Bary,  he  was  iiMiit-e(|nentiy  preneiited  witii  aj^ohl   ' 
watch   and    chain,  aw  a    jileasinj/   souvenir  from   | 
the  ajipreeiativo  citizen.*  of  Astoria.      Ileiaati   I 
ardent  heiiever  that  tlie  commerce  of  the  (.'(iliiin-    I 
Ilia  river  and    its  trilinti  ries  shoiild,  and   will   ' 
shortly  he  liroilf^iit  to  Asto''ia  hy  rail  and  steam, 
and  from  that  city  sent  to  .dl  jiarts  of  the  world 
in  the  largest  and  fleetest  sl.ips  afloat.  | 

?(i.  FI.<>()K,  proprietor  of  the  Now  Era 
Roller  Mills  of  lloscliitrfr,  was  horn  in 
»  Clermont  county,  Ohio,  in  US-ll.  lie 
ossed  the  plains  first  to  California,  in  1857, 
uien  to  <  h-ei^on  in  IStJO,  settling  on  a  farm  in 
Douglas  county,  and  later  erected  a  flour  mill 
;it  Ten  Mile,  on  Cedar  creek.  In  lSt')4  he 
joined  Company  A,  I''irst  Oregon  Cavalry,  and 
served  until  iSdO,  when  he  was  mustered  out  at 
Vaiieouver,  haviiii^  during  his  two  and  a  half 
years  of  service  heen  promoted  from  private  to 
eorjioral.  lie  is  a  charter  inemher  of  Reno 
Post.  No.  2d,  (t.  \.  R.,  of  which  he  is  at  pre.s- 
qnt  the  Commander.  In  1880  Mr.  I'look  erected 
the  New  Era  Roller  Mills,  which  have  thr.'o 
Rtanils  of  rollers,  and  a  capacity  of  fifty  harrels 
iier  day.  The  race  and  dam  cosi  S20.()()0,  and 
the  mill  !?1(),()00.  In  1886  Aaron  Rose  hecamc 
a  jiartner  at'  the  institution.  The  mill  is  located 
just  outside  the  city  limits,  on  tlie  Uinpqua 
river. 

Our  suliject  was  married  in  1877,  to  Miss 
Ellen  Sinitli,  a  native  of  this  county,  and  they 
had  two  children:  .lessie  and  Ella.  Mrs.  Flock 
die.l  Novemher  21,  1887. 

;AR1US    LYMAN    EDWARDS,    A.    M., 

Professor  of  History  and  English  Litera- 
ture lit  P(jrtl:ind  University,  was  born  in 
Huntington,  Lorain  county,  Ohio,  Noveinlier 
1(5,  1853 

'.lis  father,  Lyman  M.  Edwards,  a  native  of 
jNow  York,  removed  to  Ohio  in  1830  and  settled 
on  a  farm.  He  was  subsequently  married  to 
Mi;-s   Faiinv   EjiijlBSton,  also  a  native  of  New 


^'ork.  'I'hey  had  six  children,  live  of  whom  are 
still  living.  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwards  are  now  ad- 
vanceil  in  years  and  are  living  in  <  Hierliii.  Ohio. 
The  subject  '<{  our  sketch  was  edmated  at 
Oberlin  College,  graduating  with  high  honor  at 
that  institution  in  IXHO.  Hi;  was  then  elected 
superintendent  of  the  public  schools  at  (leorge- 
town,  Illinois,  and  taught  as  principal  of  tliu 
high  .s(diool  for  a  period  of  two  years.  From 
1882  to  1881  he  pursued  p('St-graduate  Hludies 
at  (Hierlin,  teaching,  meanwhile,  a*  tutor  in  the 
college.  In  1881  ho  was  offiM'ed  the  position  of 
principal  of  tlic  prcjiaratory  dc])artincnt  of  tho 
Pacific  University,  which  he  accepted,  and  lilled 
witii  honor  to  himself  and  credit  to  tho  univer- 
sity for  seven  years.  He  tendered  bis  resigna- 
tion in  .Inly,  1891,  to  accept  the  chair  of 
History  and  English  Literature  of  Portland 
University. 

Professor  Edwards  was  marrieil  in  Oberlin, 
Ohio,  in  ISSl,  to  Miss  Mary  Houghton,  a  native 
of  <  )liio,  a  lady  of  high  social  attainments  and  a 
gradnat('  of  Oberlin  ('onservatory  of  Miisitt.  She 
had  charge  of  the  musical  de|iartrnent  of  the 
Pacific  University  during  her  husband's  coiinec- 
tioii  with  that  institution,  and  is  now  a  teacher 
in  the  Conservatory  of  Music  of  Portliiiid  Uni- 
versity.    They  have  one  child,  Ray  L. 

The  Professor  holds  high  rank  among  tho 
prominent  educators  of  the  West.  He  is  en- 
thusiastic over  the  future  greatness  of  the  young 
university  with  which  he  is  connected,  and  is 
exerting  his  earnest  efforts  to  place  it  among 
the  leading  educational  institutions  in  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country. 


EOR(iE  W.  P.ARNES,  Commissuuicr  of 
Columbia  couufy,  is  a  native  of  Miami 
county.  Indiana,  born  November  '28, 
1844,  and  was  a  son  of  .lolin  and  Elvira  (Love) 
Rarnes.  The  former  was  a  native  of  Virginia 
and  the  latter  of  North  Carolina,  both  of  whom 
are  now  deceaseil,  the  father  dying  in  March, 
18itl  and  the  mother  in  1857.  Tho  family 
removed  to  Warren  county,  Illinois,  about  the 
vear  1856,  where  young  Rariios  received  bis 
education.  Later  he  removed  to  Prairie 
City,  Iowa,  and  our  subject  having  served  an 
anprenticeship  to  the  carpenter  trade,  followed 
his  calling  in  Iowa  until  1873,  when  he  located 
in  Sonoma  county,  California. 


atsroRT  OF  oREooir. 


7M 


III  1S7U  our  Biilijt'i't  wont  to  the  Diillc."  in 
<  trcijon,  wliero  lio  found  employiiuMit  at  liin  trade 
ill  tlio  ().  S.  N.  Coiii])aiiy  shops,  ami  rcsiilud 
tlieriniiitil  IH81.  Tlieii  lio  ri'iiiuvud  to  ( 'oliiiii- 
liia  cuiHity  ami  located  on  a  t'ariii,  five  iiiik's 
northeast  of  the  town  of  C'latkaiiie  and  iieeaine 
u  tiil(^r  of  the  noil.  The  joint  property  of  Mr. 
liarnes  nnil  his  wife  consists  of  '20B  acres  of  the 
best  land,  with  100  acres  under  ciiitivntion. 
This  is  line  stock-raising  and  dairy  land,  and  ho 
has  iniich  success  with  his  orchards  and  a  variety 
of  fruits. 

Mr.  llarnoH  was  aJnstice  of  the  I'eace  in  his 
district  for  two  years,  and  wac  elected  County 
Coniiiiissioner  in  18'J0  for  four  yeare  In  con- 
ducting the  alfairs  of  the  county,  Mr.  liarnes 
has  always  regarded  the  wishes  of  the  people 
and  the  re(juireinent8  of  his  ollice  irrespective  of 
political  or  j)ersonal  motives,  and  such  has  lieeii 
his  ailininistration,  that  although  he  is  a  stanch 
Jtepiililican  in  politics,  he  has  a  host  of  friends 
on  the  o|)po8ite  side. 

Our  sulijeet  has  heen  twice  married,  the  first 
union  being  in  Illinois,  in  18(57,  with  Miss  Mis- 
souri I)it(di,  a  native  of  Indiana,  who  liveil  but 
five  months.  The  second  marriai^e  was  made  in 
Prairie  City.  Iowa,  September  25,  1870,  with 
Miss  Martha  Lowe.  She  was  a  native  ot  Michi- 
gan, and  they  became  the  ])arents  of  six  chil- 
dren, four  of  whom  are  living,  as  follows:  Lydia 
E.,  (illy  E.,  Frank  E.  and  Callie  M.,  two  sons 
having  died  in  infancy. 

In  social  matters  our  subject  belongs  to  I. 
().  O.  F.  and  K.  of  P.  His  standing  in  the  coiii- 
munity  is  that  of  an  honorable,  upright  gentle- 
man, one  who  enjoys  the  esteem  anil  confidence 
of  all,  and  is  worthy  of  any  position  of  trust  that 
could  be  conferred  upon  him  liy  a  progressive 
and  law-abiding  people. 

W^  C.  BEARDSLEY,  alnmberman  of  Ilose- 
tX'H  burg,  was  born  in  I'lrie  county,  Oliio,  J  line 
^5P»»  22,  1847,  a  son  of  John  and  Leah  (Dick- 
son) Heardsloy,  early  pioneers  of  Ohio.  Our 
subject,  the  youngest  of  three  children,  was 
reared  to  farm  life,  and  at  tiie  age  of  twenty- 
two  years  emigrated  to  northwest  Iowa,  where 
he  bought  and  improved  1(50  acres  of  land.  In 
1878  he  came  to  I  )ouglfls  county,  Oregon,  and 
fora  time  worked  as  a  bridtjo  carpenter  on  the 
railroad.     In  1884  ho  started  the  lumber   yard 


ill  this  city,  located  on  .Md^lier  ami  I'arrntt 
streets.  His  residence  is  .in  the  corner  of 
.Moslier  iiikI  Pine  streets. 

Mr.  I'eiinlsley  was  married  in  1870.  to  Miss 
Ada  ( iawler.  a  native  of  England.  In  his  so- 
cial relations,  our  subject  is  a  niemlief  of  tins 
A.  O.  II.  \V.,  and  religiously,  alliliates  with  the 
Methodist  Church. 

^,()\.    CHRISTIAN     LEINWEI'.ER,    de- 

I  ased,  for  many  years  a  leailing  Inisiness 
man  rd'  Astoria,  was  born  near  Pinna- 
sens,  liavaria,  in  18ii!t.  At  the  a<£e  of  fifteen 
years  he  came  to  the  United  States,  where  ho 
fcdlowed  the  tanners'  trade,  but  later  emigrated 
to  California.  In  iSfiO  ho  came  to  Oregon, 
establishing  a  tannery  at  Astoria,  but  after  a 
few  years  formed  a  partnershi|i  witli.Iohn  Hob- 
son,  in  tilt!  cannery  business,  and  next  was  as- 
sociated with  Ilirain  ISniwii.  Mr.  Leinweber 
served  one  term  in  the  Legislature,  was  an  in- 
telligent supporter  of  the  Democratic  party,  and 
was  a  Mason  in  his  social  relations.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  possessed  of  large 
real-estate  interests  in  this  city. 

He  was  married  in  18(57.  to  Miss  Mary  II.  Pow- 
ers, a  daughter  of  the  late  Truman  Powers,  well 
known  in  Astoria.  He  was  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, and  crossed  the  plains  to  <  )reg()n  in  184(5, 
taught  school  one  year  in  Oregon  City,  in  1S47 
came  to  Astoria,  the  tbllowing  year  prospected 
in  the  gold  fields  of  California,  but  afterward 
returned  to  Astoria,  where  he  spent  the  resiilue 
of  his  days.  He  was  always  interested  in  every 
cnter|)rise  for  the  city's  jirosjierity,  gave  liber- 
ally to  the  chnrclius,  and  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Upper  Astoria,  «as  donated  by  him. 
lie  served  as  Deputy  Collector  of  Customs,  as 
Postmaster  several  years,  and  also  re|iresented 
Clatsop  county  in  the  Legislature.  Hit  wife 
was  Mary  Beale,  a  native  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Power's  death  occurred  in  July.  188,'],  aged 
eighty  years.  Mary,  now,  Mrs.  Leinweber,  was 
their  only  child.  Our  subject  and  wife  hail 
five  children:  Truman,  who  died  April  11, 
1892,  aged  twenty-three  years;  Mary,  dtceastd 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  years;  Fred,  attending 
school  at  ^V^ie8badell,  (iermany;  Hiram  Brown 
and  Ida.  Air.  Leinweber  died  M<irch  15, 1889, 
aged  fifty  years;  Fred,  attending  school  at 
Wiesbaden,  Germany;   Ilirain  Brown  and    Ida. 


iha 


itrsTORT  OF  oRiiooif. 


\^\% 


Mr.  Lein\vol)er  died  Mnrcli  15.  1881),  iifjed  Kt'ty 
years.  He  was  a  prijiiiiiicnr  Mason,  an  Odd 
Fellow,  a  Kniglil  Templar,  and  a  n)einbor  of 
tlie  A.  ().  F.  W.  His  residiMico,  a  tine  two- 
story  building,  is  located  on  I'it'th  and  Alier- 
netlie  avenue,  in  IJjiper  Astoria.  The  estate 
eonsits  of  valuable  residence  and  business 
blocks  in  tills  city,  and  farm  property  in  Tilla- 
mook county. 


■^u.^^it..., 


fUOF.  GKOlKiE  A.  I'KE1U;K,S,  principal 
of  the  McMinnville  public  selujols,  a  ini- 
tive  son  of  Oreifon  and  a  son  ot' a  well- 
known  pioneer  of  this  State,  was  iiorn  in  (,'laek- 
amas  county,  March  'Z,  185-1.  His  fatliei  Hon. 
John  Cannon  Peebles,  of  Marion  county,  was 
born  in  Westmoreland  county,  I'ennsylvania, 
.January  2;?,  1820.  He  was  of  I'resbyterian 
Scotch- Irish  ancestry>  his  progenitors  having 
come  to  the  colonies  previous  to  the  llevolution, 
and  settling  in  I'onnsylvania,  where  three  i^ene- 
rations  were  born  ami  reared.  They  wer<>  gen- 
erally farmers.  Many  of  their  descendants  still 
reside  in  that  part  of  Pennsylvania  where  the 
ori<j;inal  stock  first  settled. 

'I'he  father  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  re- 
m<ived  from  I'eniisylvania  in  the  year  18-10  to 
Indiana.  Elkhart  county,  whither  his  father  and 
family  also  removed  and  inaile  their  home  in 
the  sami!  county  until  lsr)2.  when  they  aifain 
removeiljto  ('alifornia, locating  in  Tehamacnunty. 
In  1850  John  Cannon  I'eel)les  conclu<!ed  to 
come  to  Oregon  to  make  his  future  home,  .\fter 
a  lontr  :uid  weary  journey  of  six  months"  dura- 
tion, encountering  many  diHiculties  and  (,'ndur- 
inii  many  hanlships  inciilent  to  all  the  pioneer 
emigrations  of  that  anil  pi'eviijus  years  to  Ore- 
^fon  anil  ("alifornia,  he  arrived  at  Oregon.  City 
without  a  dollar  or  anything  left  of  the  outfit  he 
started  with  to  Oregon.  Possessed  of  a  liberal 
education  and  sound  physical  constitution  he 
soon  found  proli table  eni|iloyiiient  as  a  clerk  in 
a  lumberini^  company,  controlled  by  Menjamin 
Simpsjn.  Af'er  a  brief  i>eriod  of  service  in  this 
capacity  he  was  iilfered  and  accepted  an  interest 
in  the  lumbering  and  other  enterprises,  in  which 
Mr.  Simi)Soii  was  the  principal  owner  anil  pro- 
moter. Among  these  enterprises  undertaken 
was  the  establishment  of  a  sawmill  at  Parksvilh^ 
and  a  trading  store  of  general  morchaudi.'ie  at 
l'"airHeld  on  the  Willamette  river,  ten  miles  west 


of  Parkercville.  both  situated  in  Marion  county. 
This  trading  company  also  constructed  some  of 
the  first  steamboats  tiiat  ran  on  the  Willamette 
river.  Disasters  overtaking  these  enterprises, 
Mr.  Peebles  purchased  a  ilonation  claim  that 
embraces  the  present  site  of  Fairfield,  on  which 
\w  settled  and  began  fai'inint'.  On  November 
27,  1851.  a  little  more  than  a  year  after 
arriving  in  Oregon,  he  was  nnirried  to  Miss 
Eliza  Jane  Mark,  a  daughter  of  a  well-known 
pioneer  of  (!lackainas  county,  Oregon,  John 
Mark.  .Mr.  and  .Mrs.  John  C.  I*e>  iiles  now  re- 
sides near  Salem.  Oretfon.  To'thein  six  children 
were  born.  !;ve  of  whom  are  living:  (ieorge  A., 
the  (ddest,  and  the  subject  of  our  sketch;  Alice 
.lane,  wile  of  O.  (i.  Cole,  Turner,  Oregon;  Mai'y 
Kli/.a,  wife  of  William  T.  ("lark,  Salem,  Oregon  ; 
Frances  .\delaide  died  when  a  child  in  18(14; 
.lolni  M.,  a  student  of  law  in  Salem;  and  Craee 
A.,  a  teaciier  in  the  Salem  public  schools. 

Mrs.  Eliza. I.  Peebles,  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
was  born  .lune  5.  1S3I).  Her  parents  were  na- 
tives (it  Virginia,  removing  to  Kentucky  and 
settling  in  Hardin  county,  at  an  early  period  in 
the  settlement  of  that  State.  About  1845  they 
removed  to  Alissouri  and  settled  in  Johnson 
county.  In  1847  they  removed  to  Oregon  and 
st'ttled  in  CJIaekamas  county,  where  two  broth- 
ers still  reside  on  the  lands  the  family  took 
undi'r  donation  land  laws  of  the  early  settle- 
iTU'nt  of  Oregon.  Her  mother  died  in  1851). 
Her  father   in  1874. 

Mr.  Peebles  took  a  prominent  part  for  many 
years  in  the  political  affairs  of  the  Territory  of 
and  the  State  of  Oregon.  Was  several  times 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislative 
.Assembly — representing  Marion  county  in  that 
body.  He  was  a  member  of  the  ( 'onstitutional 
CJouvention  ihat  framed  tlit^  present  constitution 
of  the  State  of  Oregon,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Education  in  tiuit  body,  and  taking  a 
prominent  part  in  laying  the  fouiulation  of  thi> 
excelletit  public  school  systiMU  of  <  )rogon.  Ho 
afterward  successively  till(>d  important  otlices  of 
public  trust.  He  was  elected  State  Librarian, 
which  position  he  held  for  one  term.  In  I8(i2 
was  elected  County  .Judge  of  Marion  county  and 
was  subseijuently  twice  re-elected  to  that  posi- 
tion, serving  in  all  a  period  of  twelve  yeirs,  re- 
tiring from  otJice  and  public  life  in  1878.  In 
all  positions  of  public  trust  which  Mr.  Peebles 
was  called  to  till  he  was  ever  faithful  in  the  dis- 
eharije  of  the  duties  involved  and  retired  with 
an   uiiimpuachttblo  elmraoter  bearing   with  liim 


ItlHfOnr    OF    OllEdON. 


■75'} 


into  private  life  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  liis 
fellow  citizens.  As  above  stated.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Peebles  now  resuio  near  Salem  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  u  comfortable  iioine  and  tlie  society  of 
their  family  and  numerous  friend.-;. 

I'rof.  (JeorL^eA.  Peeliles  received  his  elemen- 
tary education  in  the  [uihlic  schools  of  Saleni,<  >re- 
gon,aud  8ubso([uently  completed  his  edu<'ation  at 
VV^illamette  University  at  Salem,  jfraduatiiig 
from  that  institution  in  1877.  For  several  years 
])rior  to  entering  the  university  he  taught  in 
the  public  scliools  (if  Marion  county,  and  after 
Hnisliinij;  his  collegiate  studies  again  devotetl 
himself  to  teacliinij,.  In  1879  was  elected  to  a 
jirincipal^hip  in  the  Salem  public  schools  and 
after  a  period  of  seven  years'  continuous  service 
as  principal  and  city  superintendent  of  the 
public  scliools  of  That  city  he  resigned  his  city 
superintendencj'  to  accept  the  county  super- 
tendency  of  Marion  county,  which  position 
he  held  for  four  years.  In  1888,  at  the  e,\- 
])iration  of  his  urm  of  office  as  County  Su- 
j)erintendent  oi  Schools,  ho  accepted  a  position 
with  1).  Appleton  &  Company,  of  New  York,  to 
represent  their  interests  in  Oregon,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  tlie  summer  of  1889,  when  he 
was  tendered  the  position  of  principal  of  the 
public  schools  of  McMinnville,  Oregon.  He  is 
now  completing  his  fourth  year  as  princi])!il  of 
these  schools.  During  his  administration  in 
these  scliools.  he  has  successfully  established  an 
excellent  system  of  graded  schools  that  rank 
with  the  leading  public  schools  of  the  State. 

On  the  29th  of  June,  1883.  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  married  to  lEiss  Virgia  A.  Griffith, 
of  Salem,  a  daughter  of  !>.  C.  (xriffith,  one  of 
Marion  connty's  re]n'esentative  men,  a  success- 
ful farmer  and  one  of  the  |)ioneors  uf  the  early 
uO's.  Two  daughters,  Lois  and  Alice,  aged  nine 
and  seven  years,  both  living,  are  two  beautiful 
and  lovely  children  of  whom  any  father  and 
mother  might  justly  be  proud,  are  the  fruitage 
of  their  marriage. 


fOIIN  llOBSON,  a  pioneer  of  Astoria,  was 
born  in  England,  December  4,  1824,  a  son 
of  William  and  Margaret  ^llutchinBon) 
llobson,  also  natives  of  England.  The  mother 
died  when  her  children  were  small,  and  in  1843 
the  father  set  sail  for  the  rnited  States. 

After  arriving  at  NewOrlean?  he  took  steamer 


for  St.  Louis,  with  the  intention  of  locating  in 
Wisconsin.  While  in  that  city,  detained  by  ice, 
he  met  some  men  from  Oregon,  and  was  induced 
by  them  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  far  West, 
immediately  fitting  out  wagons  for  the  overland 
trip.  lie.  with  Miles  Eyers,  and  their  families, 
traveled  through  the  State  of  Missonri  to  Inde- 
pendence, the  place  of  rendezvous,  as  soon  as  the 
snow  was  off,  with  mult  teams,  arriving  tlie 
12th  of  May,  184y,  •.  .  i  fi-'ljng  about  100 
wagons  and  about  300  p.r.onv  preparing  to 
cross  the  mountains.  Leaving  there  about  May 
15,  they  arrived  at  Foi-t  Vancouver  the  last  of 
Xo.ember,  and  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  the 
25th  of  December,  1843.  Of  this  tri))  across 
the  plains  the  sulijeot  of  this  sketch  can  talk  for 
hours,  in  an  interesting  and  intelligent  way, 
ttivintr  incidents  and  reminiscences  which  few 
pioneers  are  able  to  I'emendier.  Also  of  the 
e;irly  days  in  Astoria,  he  remembers  trials  and 
hardships  wdiich  none  els^  recollect,  and  if  all 
he  has  seen  and  experienced  should  Ix'  written 
it  would  make  a  large  and  highly  interesting 
volnme.  To  such  men  as  Mr.  llobson  the 
grand  possibilities  and  material  prosperity  of 
the  great  Pacific  Northwest  is  greatly  due. 
They  liraved  hardships,  faced  dangers  and  over- 
came dithculties  which  none  but  men  of  iron 
will  and  iron  constitutions  would  ever  dare  to 
face,  thus  paving  the  way  for  posterity  to  make 
pleasant  homes  and  dwell  in  safety.  They,  in 
the  pioneer  days,  had  to  battle  with  the  ele- 
ments, fight  with  savage  tribes,  cut  roads 
through  thick  brush,  ford  dangerous  streams, 
and  w'ere  proud  ships  sail  to-day  they,  in  1843, 
rowed  ilieir  frail  canoes  on  the  still,  smooth 
wpt-  sof  the  great  Columbia.  Too  much  praise 
c.".:,".oc  lie  given  these  hardy,  whole-soided  pio- 
neers for  the  grand  work  they  have  done  in 
opening  the  way  to  the  shores  of  the  great  Pa- 
cific. ()nlyone  American  was  in  Astoria  when 
Mr.  llobson  arrived  here,  and  he  and  Mr. 
Shively  remain  here  to-day. 

For  several  years  our  subject  labored  on  his 
father's  farm  on  Clatsop  plains,  driving  cattle 
from  jilace  to  place  and  trading  for  Hour.  In 
184(J  he  started  out  in  life  for  himself,  bringing 
a  band  of  cattle  from  the  Willamette  valley  and 
engaging  in  the  dairy  business,  in  company 
with  Solomon  II.  Smith.  From  1848  until 
1850  he  was  engaged  in  mining  in  California, 
but  in  the  latter  year  returned  to  this  State. 
Mr.  llobson  then  bought  forty  head  of  cattle  of 
a  Mr.  Ililey,  which  lie  ilrove  from  the  Willain. 


738 


tllSTilHY    OF    VliKGOS. 


ctte  to  t'latsop  ])lains,  liuiiglit  ii  claiiii,  sinil  was 
engaged  in  a^ricultui'al  |iUP8uits  tlu-re  until 
lStJ3.  The  following  year  lie  [iiireliaseil  jirop- 
erty  in  Astoria,  ami  now  owns  large  tracts  of 
valuable  rcbidenee  pro])erty  in  this  city  and 
Portland.  Since  iiis  residence  in  Astoria  he  has 
been  ensraited  in  the  wholesale  hutclier  biisi- 
ness.  and.  in  company  with  .lohn  Badolet,  11. 
Aikens,  (Jeoi-ife  Warren  and  C.  Leinweher,  he 
built  one  of  the  tirst  canneries  in  the  city.  Mr. 
llobson  subsequently  went  to  Tillamook,  this 
State,  an<i  established  a  cannery  at  what  is 
known  as  Ilobsonville,  which  was  named  in  his 
honor.  Iti  1885  be  was  appointed  Collector  of 
Customs  at  Astoria,  under  rresident  Cleveland, 
and  i?i  ISttO  was  Uiude  vice-pr'>sident  ol'  the 
l''irst  National  I'ank  of  this  city.  Socially,  he 
afliliates  with  the  I.  ().  ().  F.,  lieaver  Lodge, 
Mo.  35. 

lie  wa.<  married  in  1851,  to  Miss  Diana 
Owens,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  ami  a  daufjliter 
of  Thomas  Owens,  a  well-known  jtioneer.  To 
this  union  were  born  four  children:  Frank  1'. ; 
Ada,  wife  of  C;.  W.  I'ulton;  Harry  H.;  and 
Mauil,  wife  of  G.  F.  Fulton.  The  mother  died 
in  1874.  and  in  1875  .Mr.  llobson  married  Mrs. 
Anna  K.  lieeves,  and  they  have  bad  four  cbil- 
dren:  Minnie  (deceased),  F]dwin.  Keba  and 
Ikrtba. 

fM.  I'llATITKlR,  a  prosperous  farmer,  re- 
siding on  liis  father's  donation  claim  near 
*  Uuena  Vista,  is  a  native  son  of  Polk 
county,  and  was  born  on  the  claim  on  which  he 
now  resides,  July  6.  1855.  His  ancestors  were 
early  settlers  of  Virginia;  bis  grandfather,  Silas 
Pratber,  was  born  there,  and  his  father  was 
a  native  of  Frederick  county,  N'irginia,  born  in 
1813,  and  there  the  father  was  reared  to  man 
liood.  He  removed  to  Missouri  when  he  was 
ninetsen  years  of  age,  remained  there  two  vears 
and  then  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1844. 
When  Mr.  Pratlier  started  on  his  long  jour- 
ney across  the  jjlains  he  was  accomjianied  by 
Ills  brother  Theodore,  and  they  came  with  an 
outfit  of  their  own,  directing  their  way  to  I'olk 
county.  Oregon.  After  safeiy  ri'achitig  this 
place  they  each  took  a  donation  claim  of  l»4() 
acres  of  land,  which  is  now  located  one  mile 
Boulh  of  where  JJnena  Vista  now  has  been 
built,  and  these  were  the  tirst  claims  settled  in 


the  connty.  i'Vtr  a  number  of  years  our  sub- 
ject lived  alone,  an<l  iluring  this  time  had  vari- 
ous encounters  with  the  Indians,  but  uuin- 
aged  to  make  them  afraid  of  him.  In  a  tight, 
which  his  brother  and  he  had  with  five  Indi- 
ans, one  of  the  latter  was  so  badly  wounded  that 
lie  died  afterward. 

Our  subject's  father  learneil  the  ways  of  the 
savages,  an<l  found  out  how  to  frustrate  their 
plans.  At  one  time  an  Indian  claimed  that 
Mr.  Pratber  should  give  tlie  Indians  forty 
ponies  and  lt)()  blankets  for  being  on  the  lanci, 
or  they  would  kill  him;  but  Mr.  Pratber  took 
his  whip,  and  caught  the  Indian  by  the  scalp, 
and  gave  him  a  severe  whipping  and  sent  him 
home,  lie  soon  returned  and  begged  for  flour 
and  salt,  the  llour  to  eat.  while  the  salt  in  solu- 
tion would  cure  his  lacerated  back.  At  another 
time  two  of  the  Indians  planned  to  goto  his 
house  at  night  and  kill  him,  but  the  squaws 
disclosed  the  plan,  and  Mr.  I'rather  was  warned, 
lie  sat  with  bis  rifle  in  hand  in  the  dark,  wait- 
ing for  bis  enemies  until  they  catne,  and  then 
he  struck  a  match  and  made  the  Indian  who 
had  ci'ept  in  give  up  his  knife.  He  then  called 
the  other  one  by  name,  and  showed  them  that 
he  was  able  to  kill  both,  but  contented  himself 
with  giving  the  one  who  bad  tried  to  kill  him  a 
good  whipping,  and  this  was  the  best  thing  he 
could  have  done.  The  Indians  thought  he  must 
know  everything,  and  after  tliis  they  molested 
him  nil  more.  Mr.  Pratber  served  in  the  Rogue 
river  war.  and  was  in  several  fijrhts;  was  shot 
three  times,  and  carried  two  of  the  balls  to  the 
end  of  his  life.  The  ball  that  wounded  the  calf 
of  his  leg  killed  bis  mule.  He  was  known  as 
one  of  the  most  daring  and  brave  of  the  ( >regon 
pioneers.  As  bo  advanced  in  life  he  became 
rich  in  lands,  at  one  time  owning  1,973  acres. 

Mr.  I'rather  married  Mrs.  Barbara  ('arter,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  the  daughter  of  W. 
Derr.  She  was  the  widow  of  .lanu's  Carter, 
and  had  a  family  of  three  children.  They  had 
come  to  Oregon  in  1847,  :'.nd  one  of  her  chil- 
dren still  survives,  Elizabeth,  novv  Mrs.  M.  W. 
Hart,  and  resides  in  Malheur  connty,  Oregon. 
Mr.  Pratber  was  a  nnin  of  large  business  caiiac- 
ity,  and  on  his  farm  raised  stock  and  did  a  large 
luml)ering  business.  Ho  was  in  politics  a 
Democrat,  but  not  an  ottice-seeke:.  Iliswite 
diei'  December  10,  1880,  and  his  own  death 
occurred  March  19.  1881.  They  had  a  family 
of  seven  children;  Perry,  the  elde-.t.  ilicd  in 
his   fortieth   year;    Martha    married    Jolin  W. 


ItlSTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


:5« 


Siinpson,  and  resides  at  Cor.'allis;  Jane  married 
II.  T.  Hill,  of  Piiynesville,  Cook  county,  Mar- 
tin V^.  is  in  Mallienr  county,  engaged  in  the 
stock  business:  Miles  Newton  is  on  a  part  of 
tlie  old  lioinestead;  Until  K.  died  in  her  twenty- 
seventh  year;  and  James  M.  is  our  suUject. 

Our  subject,  James  I'rather,  was  tiie  tliird 
son  of  liis  father,  and  at  tlie  deatii  of  tlie  latter, 
who  had  divided  iiis  property  between  liis  chil- 
dren, received  440  acres,  a  part  of  this  being 
some  of  the  old  donation  claim,  lie  was  reared 
on  tlie  farm,  attended  school  at  lUieria  Vista, 
and  October  13,  18S(),  lie  married  Miss  Sueanah 
McLain,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  Uecember 
11,  18f;2,  a  daughter  of  J.  A.  McLain.  They 
came  to  Oregon  in  1864,  and  reside  in  Marion 
county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'rather  have  a  family 
of  bnt  one  cliild,  Herman  L.  The  wife  of  our 
subject  is  a  member  of  the  EvaTigelical  CJhurch. 
lie  is  a  member  of  the  I.  ().  ().  F.,  and  in  poli- 
tics lie  is  a  Democrat.  He  now  engages  in 
general  farming  and  the  raising  of  Shorthorn 
cattle,  and  for  several  years  he  has  carried  on 
steam  threshing  for  this  part  of  the  county. 
This  has  been  a  very  profitaljje  venture.  He  is 
an  intelligent  and  capable  man,  a  native  son  of 
Oregon,  and  a  fine  representative  of  the  sons  of 
Oregon  pioneers.  • 


I^TKJH  NICKEFwSON,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1851,  and  for  the  past  twelve  years  an 
honored  resident  of  Albany,  was  born  near 
Zanesvillo,  Ohio,  in  1818.  Of  I.is  life  and 
ancestry  the  following  record  is  mui'.': 

Mr.  Nickerson's  parents,  Hugh  and  Rebecca 
(I'lanchard)  Nickcirson,  were  natives  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  Connecticut,  respectively,  and  were 
descended  from  the  Puritans.  They  emigrated 
to  Ohio  in  1815,  when  settlers  there  were  few 
and  far  apart,  and  in  a  little  log  cabin  began 
married  life  in  true  pioneer  style.  Mr.  Nicker- 
8on  was  a  carpenter,  and  Oiked  at  his  trade  in 
Zanesvillo  and  MariottF..  Educational  advan- 
tages were  theti  limited,  and  Hugh,  .Ir..  instead 
of  going  to  school,  began  when  a  mere  boy  to 
work  at  the  carpenters'  trade  with  his  father. 
At  the  age  of  twonty-otie.  thi  subject  of  our 
gketch  was  united  in  marriage  lo  Miss  Sarepta 
Parrish.  daughter  of  Edward  Parrish,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1847.  Alter  his  marriage  I'e  settled 
near  Zanesvillc,  and  continued  work  at  his  trade 


there  until  1851.  That  year  he  joined  the 
westward  tide  of  emigration.  He  purchased  a 
v.'agon  ruul  live  yoke  of  cattle,  and  with  his  fam- 
ily and  earthly  possessions,  started  for  Oregon. 
The  trip  was  safely  accomplished  without  serious 
Iroubk^  from  the  Indians  or  loss  of  cattle,  and 
after  six  months  of  patient  plodding,  they  ar- 
rived at  Oregon  ('ity  in  September.  He  then 
proceeded  to  Linn  county,  and  purchased  a 
claim  for  3:i0  acres  of  land  on  Albany  prairie, 
three  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Albany,  which 
h(!  began  improving,  building  a  comfortable 
frame  house,  and  afterward,  barns  and  fences. 
There  he  lived  and  farmed  until  187(1  He 
then  rented  his  farm,  and  moved  to  the  upper 
Santiam  country,  where  he  purchased  a  sawmill 
and  '240  acres  of  timberland.  This  mill  iie 
operated  about  four  years,  after  which  he  re- 
tired. Comitig  to  Albany,  he  purchased  ten 
acres  in  the  xuithern  part  of  the  city,  built  a 
spacious  residence,  convenient  outbuildings, 
etc..  "d  here  he  has  since  lived,  enjoying  the 
fru  hi^•  years  of  labor. 

Ml  Mr.  Nickerson  have  four    children: 

Belinda,  widow  of  Milton  Houston,  of  casfirn 
Oregon;  Ellen,  wif'  if  Taylor  Propst,  a  -lock 
dealer  in  eastern  Oregon;  Palmer,  a!-«>  in  that 
pf  rt  of  the  State;  and  \etti(!,  who  i^-  low  com- 
pleting her  education. 

Although  seventy-four  years  of  age.  Mr. 
^i  ickerson  is  well-preserved  aivl  actis'e.  ani  is 
apparently  destined  to  enjoy  ui:iny  years  of 
peaceful  contentment. 


II  LINSEV  HILL,  M.  D.,  .NH'  Oregon, 
jjln  dates  his  birth  in  McNair)  M'linty.  Ton- 
>^»  nessee,  in  1845.  His  father,  Kev.  Reuben 
(Joleman  Hill,  was  a  nativeof  Kentucky,  a  prom- 
inent Baptist  minister,  and  a  skilled  physician. 
He  was  a  Democrat,  took  an  active  part  in  pol- 
itics, and  at  various  times  represented  his 
county  in  the  State  Legislature.  He  married 
Miss  Margaret  Graham  Lair.  In  1847  they 
removed  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  Harry 
county,  near  Keytesville,  where  he  preached  and 
practiced  medicine  until  1850.  That  year  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  riding  a  mule, 
and  on  his  arrival  in   the  Golden  State,   mined, 

f (reached    and    practiced    his    profession.     The 
oUowing  year  lie  visited   Oregon.     He  was  so 
pleased  with  this  State  that  in  1852  he  returned 


WW'  ■  ^  ■    ■ 


Jit  if 


,i       Hi 


is  " 


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UM 


utsTuur  OF  uia'nnX.- 


to  Missouri,  and  in  tlie  tapping  of  185iJ,  witli  a 
"prairie  scbooner"  loa.led  with  his  family  Uiul 
lioust'hoUi  goods,  ami  drawn  l)y  ox  teams,  ho 
ai^ain  pushetl  westwani,  and  after  six  months 
of  travel,  arri»ed  in  the  AVillaniette  valley,  and 
located  in  ilenton  connty,  three  iniles  west  of 
Albany,  lie  piirciiased  a  claim  of  040  acres, 
and  wliile  his  sons  managed  the  fjirin,  he  fol- 
lowed his  profession.  In  1801  he  rented  iiis 
farm  and  removed  to  Albany.  Hero  he  ])rae- 
ticed  his  profession  nntil  1";''5.  when,  liis  liealth 
failing,  he  retired  from  active  life.  lie  passed 
to  ilia  reward  in  181*1,  liis  wife  )u."ino;  preceded 
liim  about  fonr months. 

Dr.  .1.  Linsey  Hill  was  educated  in  ti.e  pub- 
lic scliool,-  of  Albany,  and  in  a  commercial  college 
at  rortland.  where  he  received  the  degree  of 
AI.  A.,  and  at  Me.Minnville  Colleii;e,  the  degree 
of  H.  S.  was  conferred  upon  him.  He  also  com- 
pleted the  four  yeais"  course  of  the  Cliautaufpia 
Literary  and  Scientilic  Circle.  He  learned  to 
set  type,  which  occupation  he  followed  closi.'ly 
four  years,  and  a  ])ortioii  of  that  time  was  a  co- 
partner with  T.  i>.  Odeneal,  now  deceased,  in 
the  publication  of  the  (-'orvaliis  Gazette.  In 
180o  he  began  the  stuil  of  medicine  with  his 
father.  He  sul)sequei  ,y  entered  the  medical 
department  of  Willamette  University,  and  grad- 
uated in  the  spring  of  1871.  lie  tiien  com- 
menced practice  with  his  father,  succeeded  him 
in  187"),  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  his  pro- 
fessioTi  here.  His  successful  career  as  a  ])hysi- 
eian,  and  his  extensive  practice  attest  his  ability 
in  his  ])rofe6sioii. 

Tlie  Doct<jr  was  m.irricd  in  I. inn  county  in 
1870.  to  Miss  Mary  I'ennington,  a  native  of 
Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of  exState  Senator  S. 
Af.  Pennington,  a  pioiu-er  of  1815.  They  have 
three  children:  Clyde  Lair,  Gale  Stockton  and 
f-mily  Graham. 

.  Dr.  Hill  ha    acipiired    extensive    land   inter- 
ests, owning  250  acres   in    I'enton  county,  100   i 
acres  of  which  he  has  set  to  fruit;  also  a  dairy  | 
farm    of  800  acres,   adjoining    Sodaville.   Linn   ! 
county;  a  stock  raiudi  in  Crook  county,  and  val-   I 
uable  property   at   Albany,    Portland.    Yaijuina   i 
Bay  and  Astoria.      Ho   has  a  large  library,  em-   | 
bracing  l;Oth  medical  and  scientific  works,  and  is   ' 
himfi'lf  a  writer  of  considerable   note,  his  arti- 
cles on  mental  aberrations    having    been  exten-   I 
sively  copied  in  medical    journals  and  scientific 
works.      In  ])olitic8  he  is  Democratic,      lie  has 
served  his  city  as  .Mayor,  and  for  a    nuintier  of 
terms  whs  u  member  of  the  ("ity  (,'onncil.     He 


ofliciated  as  Surgecm-tJeneral  on  the  staff  of 
(Governor  Z.  F.  Aloody;  he  is  now  Snrgeon- 
(teneral  of  the  Uniformed  liank.  Knights  of 
I'ythias,  of  Oregon.  The  Doctor  ranks  with 
the  leading  citizens  of  Albany  and  enjoys  the 
confidence  ami  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


^•^^■.^— 


-"^^•^= 


OIIN  A.  CKAWFOIID,  Albany's  oldest 
^Jl  and  most  prominent  citizen,  was  born  near 
Helfast.  Irelatid,  February  15,  1815.  His 
early  life  was  passed  on  the  farm  and  in  the 
factory,  his  father  being  a  wealthy  mannfiicturer 
of  fine  linen.  Vonng  ('rawford  remained  with 
liis  parents  till  their  death,  and  soon  afterward. 
September  4,  1849,  embarked  from  Li\erpo<d 
for  America  and  landed  at  I'hiladelphia.  After 
remaining  in  that  city  a  short  time  he  visited 
Pittsburg,  Cincinmiti.  St.  Louis  and  Lexington, 
Alissouri,  jiassing  the  winter  of  184'J-'50  at 
Waverly,  Alissouri,  engaged  in  ciu'pentcr  work. 
In  the  spring  of  1850  he  started  for  California, 
taking  six  wagons,  with  from  four  to  six  yoke 
of  oxen  to  each,  and  150  head  of  Arkansas  steers 
and  sutKcient  mules  and  horses  for  his  assistants 
(w  ride.  They  started  on  the  15tli  of  Alay,  and 
after  a  toilsome  journey  of  nearly  five  months 
landed  in  Is'evada  county  with  the  mo.st  of  the 
stock,  which  Mr.  Crawford  sold  at  a  large  profit, 
oxen  bringing  .*(20<)  pi  i-  yoke. 

Arrived  in  the  (toldcii  State,  he  lik(»  nearly 
all  the  new  comers  of  ihat  <iay,  turned  his  atten- 
tion  to  the  mines.  He  lirst  mined  at  Boston 
Havine  ami  afterward  in  other  localities,  meet- 
ing with  marked  success,  and  I'enniining  thus 
engaged  until  1852.  That  year  he  nnidi!  a  trip 
t(j  Oregon  and  established  a  ])ack  train  from 
Albany  to  the  California  mines,  a  diitance  of 
300  miles.  His  su|iplies  were  purchased  from 
the  lariners  and  at  Portlainl  and  shijjped  to  Al- 
bany, and  thence  by  his  pack  train.  He  also 
bought  a  fourth  interest  in  the  old  null  on  the 
Calapooya  river,  and  shipped  the  Hour  to  the 
tnines.  his  train  in.'iking  ten  trips  p^  i'  year  and 
netting  him  §1,000  per  trip.  This  lie  contin- 
ued until  about  1855,  when  he  wiiit  to  eastern 
Oregon  and  began  prospecting  nn  the  tribu- 
taries of  the  Columbia  ri\er,  meeting  with  fair 
success.  The  Indians,  however,  were  so  thick 
and  liostile  that  it  was  dangerous  for  him  to  re- 
main, and  lie  returned  to  the  Willamette  valley. 
He  then   bought  an  additional  interest  in  the 


:iii'iiii>lliiiiMi 


nisronr  of  oiiKnoy. 


781 


old  mill,  and  in  1857  inirclmsed  the  rest  of  it. 
He  conducted  this  null  with  jri-eat  success,  in- 
creHsinir  ihe  run  of  burrs  from  one  to  five  and 
the  ca]iacity  from  sixty  to  300  Imrrels  every 
twenty-four  hours.  His  ••  MHjjfnulia  "  lirand  of 
Hour  and  ••  Magnolia  self-rising ''  tlour,  which 
l:e  invented,  became  very  popular  throughout 
the  Northwest.  Jle  eontiiiued  to  run  the  mill 
until  LS()7,  when  he  sold  out  to  .1.  H.  Foster  & 
Co.  and  retired  from  active  business,  giving  his 
time  to  his  landed  interests  and  to  the  raisinif 
of  fine  trotting  horses,  becoming  especially  in- 
terested ill  the  latter,  breeding  from  I'laek 
Hawk  and  ^[or<ran  stock.  He  sold  carriage 
horses  for  from  !?!000  to  )S1,500  a  pair.  With 
the  completion  of  the  Albany  and  Santiain 
Canal  in  187(),  which  was  deeply  involved,  he 
purchased  the  entire  interest  and  developed  the 
water  privilp(;es.  He  also  engaged  with  J.  II. 
Foster  in  buildino;  the  city  water-works,  ulti- 
mately purchasing  Mr.  Foster's  interest.  In 
18HI  ho  re-jnirehased  the  millinir  property.  He 
tlien  operated  the  mill  and  en<ra<red  extensively 
in  the  handlinir  of  wlieat  until  1881),  when, 
tlirongh  a  painful  and  dangerous  accident,  he 
was  eontined  to  his  bed.  He  then  sold  his 
mill,  water-works  and  catud  to  Colonel  T.  A. 
Hi>c^g,  president  of  the  Oregon  &  Pacific  rail- 
road, for  $150,000.  Since  recovering  from  his 
accident  ^^r.  Crawford  has  devoted  his  attention 
to  his  own  ])rivate  affairs.  He  owns  700  acres 
of  land  in  I.inn  county,  and,  through  his  brother 
William's  estate,  525  acres  in  lienton  county. 

Mr.  Crawford  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  many  of  the  leading  enterprises  here.  He 
was  one  of  the  incor|ioi'ators  and  a  director  of 
the  liiuu  County  National  liank  of  All)any,and 
of  the  Albany  Electric  Light  it  I'ower  Com- 
pany, president  of  the  .Ml>any  Ice  Works,  aiul 
a  stockliolder  (d'  the  FarmiM's'  it  Merchants'  In- 
eurance  ('ompaiiy.  It  was  largely  through  Mr. 
Crawford's  generous  contrii>utioiis  that  theOre- 
gon  it  I'a(dtic  railroad  was  induced  to  pass 
through  .\lbauv,  and  his  financial  assistance 
has  nuiterially  aided  in  establishing  churches 
and  in  befriending  the  needy.  His  various 
enterprises  have  always  proven  tinancially  suc- 
cessful, and,  while  he  never  boasts  of  his  superior 
liusinoss  ability,  he  is  not  a  bcdiever  in  luck, 
i)ut,  rather,  ill  good  nianageuient,  and  he  credits 
the  secret  of  his  success  to  the  fact  that  he  has 
always  attended  to  his  own  business.  He  is 
widely  and  favorably  known  throughout  the 
raeitie  const,  and  numbers  among  his  wannest 


friends  many  of  the  prominent  financiers  of 
Portland  and  San  I'rancisco. 

Mr.  Crawford  is  a  man  of  liberal  culture  and 
never  loses  his  interest  in  the  de\elo])ment  of 
the  sciences,  and  particularly  the  social  or  po- 
litical aspects  of  the  (piestions.  He  is  a  man  of 
the  most  generous  impulses,  and,  amidst  the 
many  financial  successes,  which  have  attended 
his  life,  it  has  never  been  poisoned  by  parsi- 
mony or  avarice.  It  is  true,  lie  always  reserves 
the  right  to  select  the  objects  of  his  bounty, 
but  no  man  of  wealth  in  this  State  has  ever 
diffused  his  benefactions  more  widely  or  gen- 
erously. 

He  never  could  be  induced  to  accept  any  po- 
litical preferment,  though  often  ju-essed  by  his 
friends  to  accept  a  seat  in  the  legislative  coun- 
cils of  the  State,  where  he  could  apply  to  pub- 
lic matters  the  same  business  |)rinciples  which 
had  proven  so  successful  in  his  own  private 
affairs,  l)Ut  to  no  purpose. 

And  now  as  a  long  and  prosperous  life  is 
drawing  to  a  close,  with  a  consciousness  of  duty 
well  performed,  he  enjoys  the  admiration,  re- 
spect and  love  of  a  very  large  circle  of  friends, 
who  still  hope  that  life's  twilight  may  e.xleiid 
far  into  the  morning. 


J.  IRWIN,  a   iiighly   esteemed  citizen 

of  Salem,  is  a   member   of  the  firm  of 

<»  Westacott    &    Irwin,    proprietors    of 

"Strong's  I'loneer  Restaurant,"  and  of  the  lead- 

1    ing  bakery  of  the  city.   He  is  a  native  of  Logan 

j   county,  Ohio,  where  he  was  born  in  185.").     His 

I   ancestors  located  in  that  county  in  an  early  day, 

engaging  in  farming  anil  stock-raising. 

Our  subject  passed  his  boyhood  with  his 
parents,  improving  such  educational  facilities  as 
were  aff'onled  him  by  this,  then,  new  I'ountry. 
When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  found  employ- 
ment at  farm  work  in  the  vicinity,  and  subse- 
(juently  went  still  father  west,  to  I'eoria,  Illinois, 
where  he  farmed  and  raised  stock  until  the 
8|)ring  of  1883.  He  then  started  for  the  I'aciiic 
coast,  locating  in    Portland,  where   he   was  era- 

floyed  as  an  attendant  in  the  private  asylum  of 
)r.  Hawthorn,  remaining  there  until  the  pa- 
tients were  removed  to  the  State  rrisane  Asylum 
at  Salem,  to  which  ])laee  he  accom|)'iiiied  them, 
and  remained  in  tlu^  institution  the  following 
year.     At   the  end   of  this   time  he  purchasecj 


762 


lirSTOHY    OF    OHKaoy. 


t!i::! 


IH-. 


123  acres  of  land,  located  twelve  iniles  from  I 
l\)rtlaiid,  where  lie  was  employed  in  farming 
until  the  spring  of  1885.  lie  then  returned  to 
the  State  Insane  Asylum,  to  till  the  otliee  of 
steward,  remaining  tiiere  until  Xoveml)er  1,  , 
1892,  when  he  resigned  to  take  an  active  ])art 
in  the  Imsiness  of  Westacott  it  Irwin,  which  had 
been  organizeil  a  year  previously. 

Tiiuir  restaurant  and  bakery  is  located  at  271 
Commercial  street,  with  a  branch  store  on  State 
street.  They  employ  twenty  hands  in  the  sev- 
eral departments,  and  have  two  wagons  con- 
stantly engaged  in  delivering  their  supplies 
about  the  city.  They  are  also  buildiui;  up  a 
hirge  trade  as  manufacturers  of  candy,  mak- 
ing some  of  the  finest  confections  to  lie  found 
anywhere. 

Mr.  Irwin  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1884. 
to  Miss  Lillie  Belie  Spcnce,  a  native  of  Uma- 
tilla county,  eastern  Oregon,  a  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Andrew  Spence,  an  eminent  pioneer  of 
the  State. 

lie  is  a  meml)er  of  Ciiemeketa  Lodge, 
(I.  ().  O.  F.),  in  which  he  takes  a  prominent 
])art. 

Ohio  may  well  feel  proud  if  all  of  her  sons 
do  as  well  as  the  one  whose  life  we  have  had 
the  pleasure  to  chronicle.  Sober,  industrious, 
and  intelligent,  lie  has  accumulated  a  comfort- 
able supply  of  this  world's  goods,  which  he  dis- 
penses with  judgiTieiit  and  libendity,  always 
contributing  generously  to  any  worthy  object, 
especially  one  tending  to  benefit  his  favorite 
city  or  State. 

fl).  I'.ENNETT,  Postmaster  at  Ilarrisburg, 
was  born  in  Fayette  county,  (Jiiio,  in 
»  1840.  His  parents,  .John  and  I'liiebe 
(Getts^  Bennett,  were  natives  of  Virginia  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively,  luit  were  married  in 
Ohio,  where  both  settled  in  early  life,  .loseph 
making  the  journey  on  horseback  in  18il().  He 
was  a  mechanic  by  trade  and  he  remained  in 
Fayette  county  until  1850,  when  he  removed 
witii  his  family  to  Clark  comity,  Illinois,  and 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising,  wliieh 
business  he  is  still  engaged  at. 

.1.  I).  Bennett  remaineil  with  his  parents  en- 
gaged in  the  work  of  the  farm  up  to  1870.  He 
then  followed  farming  and  stock-raising  on  his 
own  account  lor  three  years  anil  then  hold  out 
and    passed  the  following  years  in  travel,  land- 


ing at  Ilarrisburg,  Oregon,  in  September, 
1877.  He  accepted  a  positior.  \'.\  the  Hour 
mills  of  Smith  &  Briggs  and  was  there  em- 
ployed until  1883,  when  he  secured  a  clerkship 
witli  Ham  McCulley  and  remained  with  his 
successor,  .lerry  Hay,  until  1884.  He  then 
])assed  abont  two  years  in  eastern  Oregon  and 
California;  returning  to  ilarrisburg  he  accepted 
a  position  in  the  drug  store  of  J.  P.  Schaoling, 
and  remained  until  the  spring  of  1888,  wlien 
he  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Ilarrisburg, 
under  the  Cleveland  administration,  and  entered 
into  the  discharge  of  his  duties  on  the  19th  of 
May.  He  then  started  a  grocery  store  which 
he  has  continued.  As  Postmaster  his  services 
were  so  acceptable  to  the  people  that  no  change 
was  m.ado  under  the  Harrison  administration. 
Mr.  Bennett  was  married  in  Ilarrisburg,  Jan- 
nary  10,  1882,  to  Caroline  Hyde,  of  Oregon, 
and  daughter  of  Perry  Hyde,  a  pioneer  of  Ore- 
gon of  1851.  They  have  two  children,  Eliza 
and  Bulo.  The  family  resides  on  the  corner  of 
Third  nid  Territorial  streets,  where  Mr.  Ben- 
nett uwnsa  very  comfortable  cottage  home. 


fUDGE  JOSHUA  J.  WALTON,  an  active 
representative  of  the  legal  profession  at 
-1^  Eugene,  is  a  native  of  Rushville,  Kush 
county,  Indiana,  born  April  (5,  1838.  His 
father,  J.  J.  Walton,  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
but  in  early  life  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Ohio,  and  remained  there  until  1832,  when  he 
pushed  westward  and  settled  at  Rushville  and 
engaged  in  the  trade  of  shoemaking.  He 
was  married  to  Miss  Anna  M.  Shuckly  and 
remained  at  Iliishville  until  1842,  and  then 
went  to  Van  Biiren  county,  Iowa,  and  in  1849 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  making  the 
journey  with  no  serious  accident  and  landing 
at  Fremont  on  Sacramento  river  on  October  1, 
having  iiecii  six  months  upon  the  road.  His 
oxen  being  in  good  condition  he  tiien  began  team- 
ing to  the  mines  and  in  the  spring  of  1850  he  en- 
gaged in  farming  '  ear  l^'reniont.  until  tiie  spring 
of  1851,  when  he  made  a  prosjiecting  tour 
through  the  State  of  Oregon,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1851  removed  his  family  to  Vreka  and  engaged 
in  mining  with  fair  success.  He  located  his 
donation  claim,  in  1852,  in  southern  Oregon,  on 
Wagner  creek,  .lackson  county.  He  also  pur- 
chased a  pack  train,  which  he  ran  from  Scotta- 


niSTOHY    OF    OliEOON. 


7(i;) 


■4 


burg  to  Yrc'ka  and  JHcksouville.  When  tlui 
Indian  troubles  of  1853  liroke  out  he  re- 
moved liis  t'ainily  to  Green  valley  in  Unip(]ua 
eouiity.lint  continued  his  j)ackini5  until  the  Indian 
warof  1S55,  when  he  sold  Ids  train  and  and  eii- 
gai^ed  in  farniingand  stock-raising  in  Green  val- 
ley until  185f:i,  then  sold  out  and  removed  to 
Euafene  for  the  educational  advantages  for  his 
eiiildron.  In  1802  he  went  to  the  Salmon  river 
mines,  meeting  with  marked  success,  hut  suh- 
sequently  investing  at  Silver  City  lost  iieavily 
and  in  the  fall  of  1805  returned  to  Eugene 
and  followed  mercantile  life  until  1885,  when 
he  retired,  but  is  still  living  aged  eighty-one 
years,  and  his  wife  is  still  living,  too,  aged  sev- 
enty-six  years. 

Joshua  J.  Walton  began  his  education  in 
Iowa  and  followed  his  studies  by  himself  in 
Jackson  county,  while  engaged  as  rider  on  the 
back  of  the  bell  animal  of  his  father's  pack 
train.  In  the  Ump(]ua  lie  attended  a  |)rivate 
sciiool  taught  by  \'ictoria  Stratton.  and  tlie 
public  school  taught  by  J.  L.Gilbert,  who  en- 
couraged him,  and  he  by  persevering  efforts 
(soon  outstripped  all  others  in  the  school.  When 
he  arrived  in  Eugene  he  went  to  Columbia  Col- 
lege and  later  to  the  private  school  of  iJeriiard 
Cornelius,  where  he  remained  and  completed 
his  cour.se  in  French,  Latin  and  higher  mathe- 
matics. He  began  reading  law  in  tiie  office  of 
lliiey  E.  Stratton,  Circuit  Judge  of  Second  Dis- 
trict and  later  under  Stuckley  Ellsworth,  a  law- 
yer of  prominence,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Salem  in  1803,  being  of  tiie  first  class  that 
the  Supreme  ( 'onrt  required  to  be  examined  in 
open  court.  All  of  his  class  were  passed  and 
admitted.  Mr.  Walton  then  commenced  prac- 
lice  at  Eugene,  and  has  continued  with  marked 
success,  having  built  u|i  an  extensive  and  lucra- 
tive clientage.  In  18()4:  he  was  elected  Judge 
of  Lane  county  for  a  term  of  four  years  and 
was  Rubseiiuently appointed  by  (i()vernor(;rover 
to  till  an  unexpired  term  anil  in  187t)  was  re- 
elected to  till  the  same  otlice.  In  1877  lie  was 
aiipointcd  I'nited  States  ('ommissioner  of  the 
Second  Judicial  District,  by  I'nited  States 
Judge,  Matthew  P.  Deady,  and  has  continued 
the  incumbent  of  that  office.  With  the  organi- 
zation of  the  State  rniversity.  Judge  Walton 
was  president  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
after  the  university  was  erected  and  turned  over 
to  the  State  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Board  of 
l!eg(uits  and  I'ontinued  on  the  BoanI  in  that 
position  for  six  years.     He  is  still  secretary  of 


that  Board.  In  1883  he  built  the  Walton  l51ock 
on  Willamette  street  and  owns  other  valuable 
city  pro|)crty  including  Ids  resilience  on  Mill 
street  between  Eighth  and  Kinth,  and  four 
and  one-half  acres  of  land  and  one-half  inter- 
est in  a  stock-farm  of  400  acres  near  Spencer 
Butte. 

Judge  AValton  was  married  in  Eugene  in 
A|)ril.  1806,  to  Miss  Lizzie  Gale,  of  Illinois,  who 
died  iTi  1873,  leaving  three  children,  Ada  ()., 
Clara  D.  and  Ilattie  E.  He  was  married  again 
July  3,  1876,  to  Miss  Emma  Fisher,  of  Indiana, 
and  they  have  one  child,  Pauline. 

Judge  Walton  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  U.  F. 
and  was  a  charter  member  of  AVimmahala 
Encampment.  He  has  filled  the  ofiice  of 
(irand  Master  of  the  State  and  was  (irand  Uep- 
resentative  to  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  at 
Baltimore  in  1878  and  1879. 

tOX.  ROBERT  S.  BEAN.— Among  the 
young  men  who  have  prominently  eomo 
before  the  public,  and  have  attained  high 
honor  and  distinction  for  stei'ling  qualities,  none 
have  more  worthily  fulfilled  the  trusts  impo.sod 
upon  them  than  has  Hon.  Robert  Sharp  IJean. 
He  was  born  in  Yam  Hill  county  November 
28,  1851.  His  father,  ( ).  R.  Bean,  was  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  came  to  Oregon  in  1853,  set- 
tling in  Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Julia  A.  Sharp.  In  1855  they  removed 
to  Lane  county,  locating  near  Eugene  City, 
where  ho  resided  until  liis  death  in  March, 
1890. 

The  youth  of  R.  S.  Bean  was  passed  upon  the 
farm,  employing  the  summer  months  in  tilling 
the  soil,  and  the  winter  ones  in  cultivating  his 
mind,  improving  such  educational  facilities  as 
were  attbrded  by  the  district  school.  Thus  he 
labored  and  studied  until  September,  1869.  when 
he  entered  the  Christian  College  at  Monmouth, 
I'olk  county,  from  which  he  graduated  with 
honor,  in  June,  1873.  The  college  since  then 
has  been  changed,  and  is  now  the  State  Normal 
Scliool  of  Oregon.  He  then  worked  at  the  car- 
penters' trpde  until  November,  1874,  when  he 
commenced  his  study  of  law  with  the  late  Hon. 
J.  M.  Tompson,  of  Eugene  City,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  December,  1870.  Shortly 
afterward  he  formed  a  partnership  witii  Mr. 
Tompson,  and  was  associated  with   him    at  the 


■H  f  !  !i 


704 


uisronv  of  ouKnnrf 


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I'l  1  '  I 


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ilatc  of  liis  (Ic'iitli  in  I'Vln'iiary,  1S82.  PVeling 
di'Kcient  i.i  his  udiiciitiim,  iiiid  wisliiiij;  t(i  uxtend 
cortiiiu  iiriiiiches,  in  Si'ptuinl)L'i'.  1877,  Mr.  I't'im 
LMitcrud  the  istiiti'  I'niversity  at  Eiijj;onn  City, 
and  j^iadiiatt'd  in  1878,  buinj/  a  meniber  ol  tiie 
fii'st  class  tliat  o;i-adiiated  from  tliat  institution. 
He  continued  in  active  practice  until  June, 
1.SS2.  when  he  was  honored  by  the  Uepublican 
party  witli  the  nomination  to  the  position  of 
Circuit  .ludi^eof  the  Second  .(udicial  District, 
to  till  th(<  unexpired  term  of  Hon.  .1.  V.  Wat- 
son, who  had  resiifned  to  accept  the  ])Osition  of 
United  States  Di  .'rict  .Vttorney.  In  188(5  Judge 
Beau  was  re-elected  to  the  same  otlice  for  the 
full  term  of  six  years.  Before  the  expiration 
of  his  term,  in  ISUO,  he  was  nominated  and 
el(>cted  Associate  Justice  of  the  Siiiireme  (,'ourt, 
which  position  he  now  occupies,  with  credit  to 
himself  and  honor  to  the  State.  Since  1884 
he  has  lieen  a  memhcr  of  the  Hoard  of  Regents 
of  the  State  liiiversity,  aiul  also  a  member  t)f  the 
Executive  Committee. 

lie  was  married  in  Eu<f(<ne  City,  September, 
188(t,  to  Miss  Ina  E.  Con(h)n,  second  dauixliter 
of  Professor  TIkjuuis  Condon,  of  the  State!  i'ni- 
versity,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1853.  as  a  Con- 
gregational missionary,  and  was  so  engaged  for 
many  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bean  have  four 
children:  Condon  K.,  Ernest  (i.,  Ormtud  11. 
and  Harold  C. 

Judge  Bean  is  a  member  of  Eugene  l.odge 
No.  11,  Eugene  Chapter,  N(j.  10,  and  Ivan- 
hoe  Comuuindery,  F.  it  A.  M..  and  of  Eugene 
iiodgo,  A.  ().  r.  W.  He  was  one  of  the  pro- 
moters and  iiu'orporatoi's  of  the  Eugene  water 
works,  and  has  at  heart  the  interests  of  that 
town,  wdiich  he  considers  his  home,  though  dur- 
ing his  term  of  otlice  he  resides  in  Salein.  Al- 
though among  the  youngest  members  upon  the 
bench,  he  has  made  many  friends  by  his  many 
sterling  qualities  and  his  prompt  transaction  of 
the  business  of  the  court  and  his  just  rulings. 
His  decisions  have  been  received  with  great 
favor  bv  the  members  of  the  bar. 


Iti  E  S  T  E  li  H  U  1. 1  \,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
TijLji  18-17,  was  born  on  the  shore  of  Uo\uid 
T5^  lake,  Saratoga  county.  New  Vork,  Mandi 
22,  1X2;{.  The  liuliu  fan.!!;.-  .v:u  established 
in  Anuirica  by  Captain  Alexander  llulin,  who 
emigraied    from    England    iti    18()."i.       Walton 


llulin,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  with  his 

eldest  son,  loyally  defended  the  young   country 

against  the    I'ritisli    during    the    Itevcdutioii. 

I'eter   llulin,   his   son,   was   born   in    Dutchess 

county,  New  Vork,  lint  soon  afterward  removed 

to  Saratoga  county,  wherii  he  was   reared.     He 

was  a   volunteer   during  the  war  of  1812.      Ho 

was  married   ir'    Saratoga  county  to  Elizabeth 

Smith,  of  Columbia  county.  New  York,  whose 

!   ancestors  came  from  Holland.      In   185()  he  re- 

j   moved    to  Oregan   by  water  and   the  Isthmus, 

I   and  passed  the  remaining  years  of  his  life  in 

Lane  county. 

Lester  llulin  was  educated  in  Saratoga  county 
and  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  He  then  started  westward,  travel- 
ing by  the  lakes  and  the  Erit;  canal  to  Chicago, 
and  thenc(!  by  stage  and  river  travel  to  Henry 
county,  Iowa,  and  in  the  spring  of  1845.  to  St. 
I^ouis.  Here  he  nu-t  Ccdonel  Fremont  and 
Lieutenant  Abert,  who  were  reconnoitering  an 
expedition  to  explore  the  West,  and  Mr.  llulin 
engaged  with  them.  The  company  numbered 
about  sixty-four  men,  all  were  well  eejuipped 
with  ritles,  ammunition,  horses,  mules,  saddles, 
etc..  wagons  to  carry  the  baggage.  Tlicy  crossed 
Kansas  to  F<)rt  Bent,  Colorado,  and  there  the 
couipany  divided,  about  forty-two  men  going 
with  Lieutenant  Abert,  young  llulin  being  of  the 
number.  Continuing  their  journey  they  passed 
through  New  Mexico,  northwest  Texas,  the 
Indian  Territory  and  back  to  St.  Louis.  They 
hail  surveyed  rivers  and  watercourses  and  had 
many  adventures  and  hairbreadth  escapes.  . 
Lester  then  returned  to  Iowa  and  passed  the 
year  ISlti.  He  then  decided  to  go  to  Oregon, 
aTid  with  two  horses,  one  to  ride  and  one  to 
pack,  he  started  for  St.  Joseph,  Missouri;  so  in 
the  spring  of  18-17  he  joined  an  emigrant  party, 
condueteii  by  Captain  David  Davis.  Thi!  train 
was  increased  to  about  eighty  wagons  because 
of  Indian  hostilities.  Having  had  some  previ- 
our  experience  Mr.  llulin  was  appointe<l  camp 
master,  and  upon  him  devolved  the  task  of  lo- 
cating the  camp  with  feed  and  water  facilities, 
and  with  a  view  to  defense.  The  duty  was  ably 
performed  and  the  company  progressed  without 
serious  dittitinlty.  They  crossed  by  the  south 
route,  through  Utah  and  Nevada,  through  Rogue 
river  valley,  by  the  Goose  and  IClamath  lakes 
and  through  llmpcjua  ('anon,  and  they  arrived 
at  the  heaii  of  the  Willamette  valley  November 
1,  1847,  after  five  months  of  weary  travel.  Mr. 
llulin  went  on  to  Benton  county,  and   with  the 


l>  II 


aiSrOHY    OF   OliEOON. 


WliitmHn  itiii88iiciv  ami  tlin  l)e<^imiiiiif  of  tliu 
(Jiiyiisi!  wiir,  111'  voluiiti't'i'tMl  in  tin;  cDiiipuiiy  of 
(,'iiptaiii  Joliii  Owen  iiiiil  piiHsed  six  Tiiiiiitlis  in 
the  WalJH  Walla  ecHintfy.  He  oxperieiiccdl 
many  liiirdsliips  from  cold  and  exposure.  He 
returned  to  the  Willamette  valley  in  .f  iily,  1.S4H, 
and  selected  a  donation  claim,  hut  hearing  of 
the  discovery  of  f^uld  in  Oalifornia,  he  forsook 
all  in  pursuit  of  the  ifolden  niiirj^ets.  Crossinif 
the  Siskiyou  mountains,  he  hegan  mining  on 
Feather  river.  From  there  lie  went  to  Siittei''8 
fort  for  supplies  and  then  on  to  the  middle 
fork  of  American  river.  Here  he  passed  the 
winter  at  "Dry  Diggings."  Although  the 
weather  was  stormy  and  snow  deep  he  averaged 
from  S25  to  Si{0  a  day  for  the  days  he  worked, 
and  ill  all  took  out  about  §1,()()().  In  the  spring 
of  1849  he  went  down  to  Sacramento  and  en- 
tered into  a  iiartnershij)  with  Captain  Smith. 
They  freighted  to  (Joloina,  making  several  trips, 
and  each  netted  about  84:(tO  protit.  In  July, 
184-9.  he  proceeded  to  San  Francisco  and  took 
passage  by  the  schooner  "Ilack.-taff"  with  Cap- 
tain White  in  command,  and  started  for  Oregon. 
All  went  merrily  for  the  first  seventeen  days, 
but  the  vessel  stranded  at  the  iiiouth  of  the 
Rogue  river.  Mr.  Ilulin  and  the  other  passen- 
gers and  crew,  thirty-one  in  number,  then 
started  overland,  through  the  woods,  mountains 
and  hostile  tribes  of  Indians,  for  the  Willam- 
ette valley.  After  twenty-four  days  of  pain- 
ful travel  they  reached  their  destination  after 
experiencing  dangers  and  dilhculties  and  almost 
starving  to  death.  Mr.  Ilulin,  nothing  daunted 
by  previous  experiences,  started  l)ack  in  a  short 
time  to  California,  and  resumed  mining.  Ho 
did  not  remain  very  long,  but  went  again  to 
San  Fransisco  and  again  embarked  on  the  "Ann 
Smith."  (reorge  II.  Flanders  was  in  command. 
This  time  the  journey  was  made  in  safety  and 
Mr.  Ilulin  arrived  in  Portland  after  unite  a 
lonj;  trip.  In  fact,  the  vessel  made  such  slow 
proijress  up  the  Columbia  river  that  Mr.  Hulin 
and  three  or  four  others,  hired  a  small  boat  and 

f addled  themselves  up  the  Columbia  river  to 
'ortland.  From  there  he  went  back  to  Lane 
county  and  located  a  claim  for32()  acres,  ten  miles 
north  of  Eugene.  Here  he  farmed  and  raised 
stock  until  1880,  when  he  removed  to  Eugene 
and  bought  his  present  residence  on  High  street, 
between  Seventh  and  Eighth  streets.  Mr.  Ilulin 
still  owns  his  donation  claim,  which  he  has  in- 
creased by  purchase  to  403  acres.  He  has  also 
320  acres  in  Linn  county,  near  Ilarrisburg,  be- 

48 


side  improved  properfy  in  Eugene.  Hi'  has 
reiired  from  active  busiiiess,  and  is  only  en 
gaged  in  looking  aftt'r  his  property  inter. '^fs 
and  the  wants  of  his  family.  He  is  a  meniiier 
of  no  society  and  has  but  little  to  do  with  ]ioli- 
tics,  but  is  a  devout  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church  and  an  honorable  inhabitant  of  the  city 
of  Eugene. 

He  was  married  December  1,  18.o3,  to  Miss 
Abbie  ,1.  (!raig.  of  Michigan,  who  departed  this 
life  .fnly  3,   1892,  to  a 

"Heavenly  rest;  sweet  rest; 

Where  sickness,  sorrow,  jiain   and  death 

Are  felt  and  feared  no  more." 
They   have  four  children:  Charles  S..  .-Vmiii", 
now  Mrs  F.  A.  Tozier;  Simuel  A.  and  Lesterti. 

iNDIlKW  W.  POWEI'vScame  to  Oregon 
in  18r)2,  having  been  born  in  SulUvau 
^.,p_  county,  Missouri,  December  26,  1841. 
His  father,  David  I'owers.  was  a  native  of  New 
York,  who  emigrated  to  Indiana  and  was  there 
married  to  MIl-s  .fnlia  Ann  Tiiley,  and  they  lo- 
cated in  Missouri  and  engaged  in  forming  for  a 
short  time,  and  then  moved  to  Iowa,  about 
1848.  and  then,  with  the  emigration  of  1852, 
Mr.  Powers  joined  his  interests  with  them,  and 
with  necessary  supplies,  together  with  his  wife 
and  eight  children  he  set  out.  with  an  ox  team, 
on  that  long  and  perilous  journey  across  the 
plains.  This  journey  was  very  dangerous  this 
year  as  the  Indians  were  very  hostile  and  chol- 
era prevailed.  By  using  every  precaution  the 
journey  was  safely  accomplished,  and  the  family 
arrived  at  Portland  without  losing  a  member. 
Mr.  Powers  located  320  acres  west  of  the  town. 
The  land  was  heavily  timbered  and  he  had  to 
cut  his  way  out.  Their  first  home  W!>s  the 
proverbial  fog  cabin,  which  was  subsequently 
replaced  by  a  frame  house,  and  there  Mr.  Powers 
resided  and  farmed  until  his  death,  in  1863. 
During  the  early  days  their  only  connection 
with  Portland  was  by  a  narrow  trail,  and  all 
supplies  were  packed  out  or  taken  up  by  row- 
boat  or  canoe.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Powers 
the  place  was  sold  and  the  family  removed  to 
Portland.  A  full  account  of  the  remarkable 
experiences  of  the  family  would  fill  a  large 
volume. 

The  education  of  our  subject  was  chiefly  con- 
ducted by  his  mother  around  the  evening  light, 


Ill 


4 


1 ,» 


l! 

'M 


HISTORY    Oh'    OHKOUN. 


HR  his  <la,V8  woru  occupieil  upon  the  fnriii.  Upuii 
"I'liioviiig  to  I'lirtlatid,  in  IHtl'i,  Mr.  I'owers  en- 
ti'ivd  into  pnrtiii'rslii|)  witii  W.  II.  HiittH  itnd 
tiiov  t'Htal)liniir(l  tluM  )ri'i4on  niout  nmrkut,  wliicli 
WH8  .-old  out  alli'i'  one  yjiir.  and  our  Kuliji'ct  licgan 
I'Dtitractin^'  iiliont  tiii^  city,  nnlil  1S(')4,  wIjcii  lie 
oniistL'd  ill  Coiupany  D,  Fir^t  Ori'ican  Iiilaiitry, 
(Japfaiii  Wiiliiiiii  I'owfll  inid  CoIoiil'I  (hurt')-  in 
(•(i!iiiiiiiiid.  Tiit'v  wt're  font  to  Idalio  to  (jucU 
till-  liiilianH  and  the  caiii|(iiig!i  was  very  ai'tive, 
until  1S()(!,  wlicn  tiie  rt'ifiini'itt  was  discliarijtHi. 
Mr.  I'owurs  then  returned  to  Orejron  and  en- 
ffiiged  in  the  car|)eiiter  iiusiness,  and  in  18S5 
entered  into  j)artner>liip  with  (Tiorjte  W. 
I'rown,  in  j^eneral  coiitraetin^  in  liriek  and  tiaine 
buildiiiif.  Tiiey  were  the  contractors  of 
the  Ahinirton  hkjck  and  other  hiisiness  )iroper- 
ties,  and  tor  four  years  were  anionfi  the  kadin<r 
hufiness  firms  of  tiie  city.  In  issy  thej  closed 
their  business  and  Mr.  I'owers  enoaged  in  real- 
estate  l)Usiness,  liandlin^'  their  own  property 
only.  He  is  also  a  shareholder  in  the  Wheeler 
Trust  ('oni|iany,  who  own  2,1(K)  acres  ',f  t'ariii 
land,  at  OaUand,  Oregmi,  which  they  are  snh- 
dividiii^  into  tracts  of  forty  acres  and  selling  as 
fruit  ranches. 

lie  was  married  in  I'ortland,  in  187B,  to 
Miss  Melissa  I'rown,  daughter  of  (i.  W.  Brown, 
a  pioneer  of  1854.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'owers  have 
thlte  children :  Minnie  M.,  (ieoifje  (.!.  and  Roy 
( ).  Mr.  P(.wer8  is  a  ineinher  of  the  (ieorge 
"Wiiglit  I'nst.  (;.  A.  R.  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
and  is  a  I{e|)ulilican  in  Politics.  He  resides  at 
No.  (Kjo  iSixth  street,  in  aheautiful  home  which 
he  built  in  1877,  and  has  since  iniprovetl  and 
enlarged. 

tON.A.  W.  I'.VTTEUSON,  M.  1)..  an 
Oregon  ])ioneer  of  1852  anil  the  (ddcst 
iiiedli-al  practitioner  of  Lane  county,  was 
horn  near  Fiecport,  Armstrong  county,  I'eiin^yl- 
vania,  Octobei' i,  1814.  His  parents,  Andrew 
and  Jane  (Lindsey)  Patterson,  were  both  natives 
of  the  same  State,  where  their  ancestry  I'lom 
Scot  land  i-ettled  |U'e\i(nis  to  the  Revolutionarv 
war.  His  grandfather,  .Iiihii  Piittersmi,  then  a 
resident  of  I'ucUs  county,  Penii.--ylvania,  served 
under  (ireMeral  Washington  in  various  cam- 
paigns, and  died  while  in  the  service. 

A.  W.  Patterson  was  educated  at  the  West- 
ern I'liiversity  at  Pittsburgh,  and  sub6e(^uently 
studied  medicine  under  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Gazzam, 


n  prominent  pliysician  of  Pittsburgh.  He  grad- 
uated from  the  Pennsylvania  Oollege  of  Medi- 
cine at  Philadelphia  in  1841.  He  then  engaged 
in  various  oe(Mipatiiins,  including  about  one 
year  of  practice  in  (ireentield,  Indiana,  ami  in 
18r)2  he  joined  the  wi'sterii  tide  of  einigratioii 
and  crossed  the  plains  to  (Jregon,  direct  to  Lane 
county,  and  l>icate<l  a  donalion  claim  near 
Eugene,  but  as  no  medical  practice  oti'ereil  frmii 
the  thinly  settled  country,  he  engaged  in  sur- 
veying, ami  several  Government  contracts  in 
Oregon  and  Washington  were  Huccessfully  ex- 
ecuted. He  also  jM'rfcirnied  the  work  as  ordered 
by  the  county  coinmi.-sioners,  and  laid  out  the 
town  of  KugeiKf  City  in  1853.  In  1854  he 
was  eli'cted  to  rejircseiit  Lane  county  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature.  He  served  in  the  Uoguo 
river  war  of  1855-'5()  as  First  LitMitenant,  and 
subsequently  as  Surgeon  in  the  medical  depart- 
ment. He  iiiade  a  trip  East  in  1857,  and  on 
his  return  next  year  he  entere<l  the  Siirveyor- 
(leiierars  oHice  at  Eugene  as  chief  (derk.  and 
filled  that  position  until  18();3,  when  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  medicine,  in  which  he  is  still 
engaged.  In  1870  he  was  nominated  and 
elected  by  the  Democratic  party  to  the  hon- 
orable office  of  State  Senator,  to  serve  four 
years,  and  in  1874  he  was  actively  instrumental 
in  locating  the  Oregon  State  University  at 
Eugene  City.  About  1874  Mr.  Patterson  was 
engaged  upon  a  series  of  school  books,  and  the 
speller  and  lirst  three  readers  were  adopted 
according  to  his  miinnscripts,  and  were  gener- 
ally used  thronjjhout  the  schools  of  the  Pacilic 
coast  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1882  he  was 
elect(>d  as  County  Sujierintendent  of  Schools,  an 
ofHce  for  which  he  was  eminently  tittec),  and 
excepting  two  years  he  has  been  continuously 
re-elected,  and  he  is  the  ])reseiit  iiiciiiiibciit. 
Dr.  Patterson  has  also  engaged  in  agricultural 
])ursuit8,  and  he  is  the  possessor  of  107  acrc^s  of 
land  on  Patterson  island,  where  in  1H77  iie- 
planted  tVu'ty  acres  in  hops,  it  then  being  the  sec- 
ond bop  yard  in  the  county.  Py  iiii|i()rtiiig  and 
improving  he  has  many  new  varieties  and  has 
done  much  towaril  ileveloping  the  hoji  indu.'-try 
throughout  the  Stat(>,  and  is  still  in  that  occii- 
iiatioii.  He  also  owns  fourteen  acres  adjoining 
Eugene,  and  in  1863  built  his  residence  there, 
then  in  the  country,  which  by  increased  settle- 
ment has  since  become  the  corner  of  Eleventh 
and  Ililyard  streets. 

\h'  was  married  in  P^Uirene,  in  185'J,   to  Miss 
Amanda  C.  Olinger,  of   Iowa,  and   daughter  of 


lllsroiiY    OF    OltKOON. 


7(17 


Abnim  ()lin)^er  wlio,  with  liin  fmiiily,  criinsed 
till'  |ilrtins  ill  1848  witli  liio  tii>t  wai,'oii  tniin 
tiiiit  reiu'lieil  the  (Joliiinipiii  riviT.  Thuy  havt- 
tivo  ciilldreii:  Aiij^iistn;  Aiiiiii,  wife  of  Lewis 
II.  Potti'r;   Mil,  Cly'le  ami  llattle. 

Dr.  ratt(M'8i)ii  i^  a  iiieiiilici'  of  1''.  &  A.  M. 
Tiiougji  sevt'iity-ei^iit  years  olil,  the  Doetor  is 
stiil  actively  eiigaircd  in  condiictiiifr  ids  iimny 
enterprises,  and  lie  lias  ijcen  a  prominent  leader 
ol'  Lane  county. 

^-(B^-^ 

)A  U  K  S.  lS  K  I  F  F. — Ainonc-  tlie  yoiine 
proltfssioiial  iiieii  ot  Oreifon,  none  are 
more  skillful  tlian  Murk  S.  Skiff,  dentist 
ami  piuetitionerof  the  eity  of  Salem,  llisfather, 
L.  S.  Skiff,  was  a  pioneer  in  the  practiee  of  den- 
tistry in  the  State  of  Orei^on.  lie  was  horn  in 
Syracuse,  Xew  York,  in  1822,  his  aiieestiy  lie- 
in^  niirnlienid  anion";  the  I'nritan  settlers  of 
New  England,  the  name  lieing  perpetuated  in 
Connecticut,  and  Skiff  mountain  bears  the  family 
name.  L.  S.  Skiff'  «as  educated  in  the  district 
schools  of  his  <lay  and  then  studied  dentistry  in 
Ids  native  town.  With  the  gold  excitement  of 
California  he  started  for  that  El  Dorado,  hy  sail 
ing  around  Ca])e  Horn,  arriving  in  San  Fran- 
cisco oil  the  17th  of  Septenilier,  1849.  The  har- 
bor was  a  scene  of  great  activity,  as  upward  of 
800  vessels  lay  straininci;  at  their  anchors,  nianj 
ef  '.vhich  v.-ere  deserted,  while  their  occupants 
had  gone  to  the  mines.  Subject  followed  the 
tide  of  eniiji;ration  and  wtjnt  to  Wood's  diggings, 
subsequently  visititij;  other  diggings  of  north- 
ern California,  and  followed  miiiiiif;  and  store- 
keeping  for  several  years,  resnmiiiii;  his  prides- 
sioii  in  1857,  in  Californin  ami  W^ashington,  and 
in  .Inly,  1858,  he  opened  an  office  at  Saieiri, 
Oregon,  where  he  has  been  continuously  en- 
gaged to  the  present  time.  Me  stands  very  hii;h 
in  the  profession,  liavinjf  built  up  an  extended 
reputation,  his  patrons  coininjj  to  him  from  long 
distances.  He  lias  always  been  foremost  in  im- 
proved facilities  for  conducting  his  business  and 
in  February,  1874,  he  was  one  of  the  first  in  the 
United  States  to  adopt  the  {ir^a  of  the  water 
motor  and  to  JijJply  the  power  to  his  business  in 
usiiijjfit  with  his  burring  machine  for  cleaning 
teeth.  In  1885  he  built  his  present  office  at 
251)  Liberty  street,  whicdi  is  conveniently  ar- 
ranged with  waiting,  toilet  and  operating  rooms, 
with  laboratory  in  the  rear,  and  two  water  mo- 
tors to  facilitate  operations. 


He  WHS  married  in  Linn  county,  in  18.'!),  to 
Miss  Mary  L.  (iarilner,  of  .Missi>sijipi.  'I'liev 
have  six  childiiii:  Nettie  A.,  now  .NIrs.  S.  W. 
.MeFadden;  William  F.,  a  jeweler  at  I'ortlaiid; 
Mark  S.,  Kstella  M.,  Frank's.,  and  I'earl, 

Dr.  Skill'  was  an  execMitive  mi'iiiber  ot  tint 
Oregon  State  Dental  Society  for  several  years, 
and  a  member  of  the  City  (Joinxdl  of  Salem. 

Marks.  Skiff  was  born  in  Salem,  .lune  4, 
18()5,  and  educated  in  the  public  schools  cd' that 
eity  and  at  the  Willamette  University,  lie  then 
took  up  the  study  of  denti-'try,  under  the  wise 
guidance  of  his  father,  with  wIkhh  he  is  still 
connected,  and  the  dfnitistry  parhuv  of  I..  S. 
Skiff  it  Son  are  ri^jiresentative  in  the  city  of 
Salem. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  .Tune  17,  1801,  to 
Miss  Ada  t.'alvurt,  of  Salem.  He  is  connected 
with  no  fraternal  societies,  but  being  deeply  in- 
terested in  his  ])r(d'essioii,  he  is  an  earne.~t  stu- 
dent and  careful  operatiu',  and  merits  the  hij;h 
reputation  which  he  lia- established. 


flFOlWK  II.  (COLLIER,  LL.  I).,  Professor 
r  of  Physics  and  Chemistry  at  the  Llnivei' 
I  sity  of  Oregon,  was  JKirn  in  Nimi,  Chan- 
tanijiia  county,  Xew  York,  in  18:27.  His 
father,  (Tcorge  Collier,  was  a  native  of  Aber- 
deen, Scotland,  and  emigrated  to  America  in 
early  inaidiood,  with  the  purpose  of  acting  as 
a  missionary  to  the  Indians,  but  through  finan- 
cial reverses  settled  in  Chautamiua  county  and 
eiii^aged  in  farming.  Ho  iiiari'ie(l  Miss  Susan 
W.  Haskell,  of  Vermont,  who  was  descendi:d 
from  Ptiritan  ancestry.  She  was  allied  by  fam- 
ily connection  to  the  distinguished  lievidution- 
ary  Generals  Starke  and  Putnam.  Mr.  Collier 
was  protninent  in  the  Baptist  Clinrch,  often 
holding  meetings  where  there  were  no  regidar 
services.  The  Collier  family  are  very  much 
scattered,  and  as  business  men  or  missionaries 
are  settled  in  Ceylon,  China.  South  .\meriea  and 
Australia.  In  the  family  of  our  siiliject  there 
were  seven  children,  all  of  whom  lived  to  mature 
years,  six  of  whom  still  survive.  (leorge  H. 
was  educated  at  Westtield  Academy  in  Chau- 
tauqua county  and  at  the  State  Normal  School 
at  Albany.  This  was  the  second  normal  school 
established  in  the  United  States,  and  young 
Collier  graduated  in  1847,  a  member  of  the 
fifth  graduating  class.     He   began  teaching  at 


T 


11: 


il!       ! 


7iJS 


IIISTOUY    OF    OHKOOX. 


Mie  Hire  (if  lii^vi'iiti'i'ii  year!*,  and  tliiis  |mMl  nil 
Hi'liool  i'X]it'iirtcH.  II i^  fiitlicr  ohly  aiiiid  liiiii  ti> 
tlif  ainiiiiiit  of  $50  wliili!  in  tliu  iioriiial  xcliool, 
".lid  of  Isi.'j  wliili-  ill  (>l)(irliii  ('ollt'gt«.  Tliiit  col- 
icf^n  ill  ( Mifiliii,  Oliio,  was  one  nf  tiii^  iiinHt 
)ii'{iiiiini'iit  iinti  slavery  collii^c,-.  of  that  |i('i'i(i  I. 
Mr.  (.'olIiiT  paid  Ills  ('ojli'gf  i'.\|ifiisiv-  liy  teach- 
ing ill  the  prt'paratory  ilcpai'tiiii'iit,  anil  had  so 
ilcciiit'd  a  taste  for  niatlii'iiiatics  that  lie  frc 
(puMitly  taught  thu  inatlicinatical  classes  during 
the  ahsence  of  the  reijlllar  |H'ol'essor.  lie  grail- 
iiateil  at  the  college  in  18S;j,  with  the  degree  of 
A.  I!.,  and  in  IHotJ  received  the  iJigree  of  A.  Nf. 
After  gnidiiiitiiig  he  first  taught  in  the  Michi- 
gan Ceiitial  llaptist  College,  and  in  lS5('>  wab 
called  to  the  chair  of  Mathematics  of  Wheaton 
College,  at  Wiieatoii,  Illinois,  lie  there  re- 
mained for  ten  years,  and  in  IStiti  he  went 
under  a|)[iointiiuMit  to  the  I'aeitic  University  at 
Forest  Grove  as  I'rofessor  of  Natural  Sciences, 
and  in  1S71  I'.c  was  elected  trustee  of  the  iini- 
VI  rsity,  and  held  the  olHce  for  twenty  year.s. 
Ill-  was  elected  to  the  Lei.'islature  liy  the  Ue- 
puhlican  party  in  ]872.  lie  was  then  ajjpointed 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Kdiication.  and 
with  aid  of  others,  he  draftinl  a  hill  which  pro- 
vided a  larger  sch jid  fund  hy  increased  ta.\atioii, 
and  also  established  the  oftice  of  Superintendent 
of  Piihlio  Instruction,  which  was  carried.  In 
187t)  lu^  went  to  Willamette  I'niversity.  and  a,-* 
I'rofessor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Scienci;s 
reinaine(i  tor  three  years,  and  in  187'.i  was  called 
to  the  I'liiversity  of  ()rLi;on  and  elected  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  which  chair 
he  continues  to  fill.  In  XHH'A  the  degree  of 
LL.  I),  was  Conferred  upon  him  hy  theNehraska 
I'niversity.  and  in  1884:  the  degree  of  Ph.  I), 
hy  the  Pacific  University. 

The  profe.-sur  owns  eight  acres  of  valuable 
jiroperty  near  the  university,  and  upon  it  has 
erected  a  residence  convenient  to  his  fielil  of 
labor.  Though  sixty  year.'?  of  age.  lie  retains 
his  youthful  spirit  of  geniality  and  enthusiasm, 
and  with  his  knowledge  and  research,  i.^  an  able 
educator  and  entertaining  companion. 

Professor  (Jollier  was  married  at  Oberlin,  in 
1863,  to  Miss  Sybil  Smith,  of  Augusta.  Maine. 
They  have  had  seven  children,  namely:  Ilattie 
L.,  wife  of  Joel  McCormack,  a  proniinenf 
farmer  near  Florence;  Charles  M.,  gradiiat(!  of 
Oberlin  College  and  a  lawyer  by  profession,  but 
following  surveying  asCounty  Surveyor  of  Fane 
couiitv,  Oregon;  (Jeorge.  farmer  at  Warsaw. 
New  York;  liobert  O.,  graduate  of   the    Uni- 


versity of  Oregon,  Hiid  assistuiit  to  the  Inspec- 
tor of  United  States  Surveys;  Arthur  J.,  also 
n  graduate  of  the  University  of  Oregon,  and 
I>eputy  County  Surveyor  of  Lane  county; 
David  li.,  graduate*  of  Worcester  Polytechnic 
Institute,  and  now  draughtsman  for  the  Iley- 
ward  Manufacturing  Company  at  (iardiner, 
Mll^^acllusetts;  and  Mary  IF,  attending  the 
university. 


I>.  WAIT  holds  a  Worthy  position  aiiioii); 
^llji^  the  pioneers  (d' Oregon,  and  was  closely 
''  connected  with  the  early  Indiiin  history 
of  the  State.  He  is  a  native  id'  lH)stoii,  Massa- 
chusetts, born  duly  27.  18i{4.  His  ancestors 
were  Welsh  and  among  the  early  settlers  of  New 
Kngland.  and  were  connected  with  literary  work 
anil  the  printing  business.  His  father.  Fee  VV^iit, 
married  Miss  Susannah  Stiirr  and  emif^iated  to 
Itiind  county.  Illinois,  in  1818,  and  occupied 
for  two  years  the  positimi  of  Territorial  printer, 
tlu'ii  returning  to  Poston  in  183t>,  removed  with 
his  family  to  Illinois,  where  ho  was  engaged  in 
farmiiiir  until  his  death  in  18()('>. 

T.  Pi.  Wait  improved  the  meager  facilities  for 
education  of  that  day,  and  at  the  ago  of  fourteen 
began  learning  the  carpenter--'  trade,  which  he 
continiieil  successfully  until  1853.  when  he 
joined  the  tide  of  emigration,  crossing  the  plains 
to  Oregon.  The  journey  was  slow  and  tedious, 
but  the  last  500  miles  was  more  e.Kciting  and  he 
had  to  make  that  part  of  the  journey  on  foot;  he 
and  three  companions.  They  had  hut  limited 
supplies  and  only  one  blanket.  They  traveled 
by  day  and  hid  theinselves  from  the  Indians  hy 
night,  and  thus  among  niaiiy  hardships  com- 
pleted their  journey,  arriving  in  Oregon  in  Oc- 
tober of  the  same  year.  Mr.  Wait  then  located 
in  Polk  County,  pre-empting;  100  acres  of  land, 
seven  miles  northwest  of  Salem,  subsequently 
adding  320  acr.?s  thereto,  where  he  continued 
farming  until  1870,  then  leased  his  farm  and 
removed  to  Salem,  engaging  in  the  feed  buoiness, 
later  taking  up  hardware  and  agricultural  im- 
|)lenients,  which  he  followed  until  1885,  and 
then  retired  from  active  business,  lly  has  since 
subdivided  his  farm  property,  and  under  the 
name  of  Nobh  Hill  tract  is  offering  it  for  sale  in 
small  holdings.  In  1855  and  1850  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  Vakiiiia  Indian  war,  which  e.\tended 
over  the  entire  northwest  country.     Mr.    Wait 


iMuUMHUiWJ^IULUIi.-IHW 


UlsrOHY    OF    OHKOON. 


7(10 


enlisted  in  Coinpaiiy  (r,  of  ()yi\^un\  MountiMl 
\'(iliiMt<'orr*,  Illicit^'  Captiiiii  Wvw  Iluyileii,  l)iit  w\m 
siiljsiMjimntly  [iroinotcd  to  Second  Lieiltemincy  of 
(-'oinpatiy  Iv,  Wiirtliiiif^toii  Mounted  Volmitoorii. 
Tlusy  weriuMiifiiijed  in  iniuiy  sixirnu^dieH,  lint  tiio 
first  heavy  ti>{lit  that  liiiMitenant  Wait  wan  in 
was  the  (rniiid  Ivonde  Valley  on  .inly  lli,  ISolJ, 
where  for  thirty  miles  they  enf^ajfed  in  a  running 
H>;ht.  in  IS.")!}  ( reneral  1.  I.  Stephens  aetin<^  In- 
dian ai^ent,  and  (iovt'rnor  of  Washington  Terri- 
tory, formed  a  treaty  witii  the  Ne/.  I'erces  In- 
dians; l)iU  other  tribes  not  treating  and  mnrdcrs 
of  white  men  being  committed  the  war  broke  out 
in  the  fall  of  185.').  After  the  battle  of  (rrand 
Itonde  Valley,  ISth  ami  lUth  of  .fnly,  185((,  a 
council  was  held  in  Walla  Walla  valley,  iastini^ 
lor  thirteen  days,  whicdi  resulted  in  no  satisfac- 
tory settlement  and  which  culminated  in  the 
battle  of  Walla  Walla,  on  Se|)tember  19,  IH"))), 
which  was  the  decisive  battle  of  the  (iampaign. 
Mr.  Wait  served  tlirougiiout  the  war  with  great 
liravery,  and  l)y  coolness  and  knowledge  of  In- 
dians saved  his  companions  from  great  loss  in 
the  (irand  Uonde  and  Walla  Walla  battles.  He 
was  in  command  of  the  last  detacliment  of  troo|)s 
t')  leave  the  field,  which  came  down  the  Oohim- 
bia  river  and  were  disbande(l  at  Vancouver. 

In  1870  Mr.  Wait  was  nominated  on  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket  and  elected  Mayor  of  Salem,  and 
his  popularity,  witii  the  pBo|)le  was  manifest  in 
1882,  wlusn  he  was  a|)pointed  a  member  of  the 
Republican  (lommon  (!ouncil,  by  a  iinaniuKius 
vote  to  till  a  vacancy  caused  l)y  death.  For  about 
nine  years  he  was  a  memlier  of  the  volunteer 
tire  department  and  for  two  years  served  as 
chief. 

Mr.  Wait  lias  been  married  three  times  and 
has  four  children  living:  Olive  S.,  now  Mrs. 
Henry  Shoemaker;  Mary  A., now  Mrs.,!.  B.  Put- 
man  ;Hnne  D.  and  Thomas  (). 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Pacific  Lodge,  No.  50 
F.  &  A.  M.  He  now  resides  in  Salem,  engaged 
in  the  real-estate  business,  giving  particular  at- 
tention to  the  sale  of  his  own  property. 


-^^mn^mW'^ 


fAMES  L.  STEWARD,  an  esteemed  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1852,  and  a  prosperous  farmer 
of  Yam  Hill  county,  was  born  in  Indiana, 
December  21,  1834.  lie  is  of  Scotch  descent, 
his  ancestors  having  emigrated  from  the  Land 
of  the  Thistle  to  America  previous  to  the  liei^o- 


lution.  One  of  the  family,  William  Steward, 
served  in  the  war  of  1812,  iind'-r  (/ommodore 
i'erry,  and  Uncle  Samuel  Steward  fought  at  the 
battle  of  New  Orleans,  The  father  of  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch,  John  Sti^ward,  was  born  in 
New  York  State,  in  1802.  He  married  ('atha- 
rino  Oatlin,  a  native  of  New  .iersiiy,  who  was 
also  a  descendant  of  early  settlers  of  the  colo- 
nies. They  had  eleven  children,  of  whom  the 
j   subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  seventh. 

He  was  reared  in  his  native  State  and  in  Illi- 
nois, and  worked  on  the  farm,  and  attended  the 
district  school  at  intervals  for  a  short  time,  his 
educatioiial  facilities  being  much  curtailed.  He 
lost  his  mother  when  he  was  but  four  years  of 
age,  in  1838,  and  was  also  ilcprived  (d'  his  fu- 
tlier  eight  year.-  later,  in  ISKi.  They  had  scst- 
tled  on  the  Wabish  in  1810,  ami  were  frontier 
people  most  of  their  lives,  einiiiring  the  hard- 
ships and  deprivations  incident  to  all  |iionecrs. 
Thus  (loul)ly  deprived  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  one  of  a  numerous  family  of  children,  lie 
was  early  obliged  to  depend  on  his  own  resour- 
ces, which,  happily  for  him  happened  to  be 
many. 

The  fame  of  the  West  having  reached  the 
vicinity  in  which  he  lived,  he  naturally  turned 
his  eyes  iti  the  direction  of  the  setting  sun. 
Accordingly,  in  1852,  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
we  find  him  driving  an  ox  team  for  his  board, 
across  the  dreary  waste  of  plains  to  Oregon. 
He  <lrove  every  day  e.xcept  one  half  day,  the 
journey  consuming  several  inunths.  It  was  a 
terrible  year  for  emigrants,  whose  ranks  were 
decimated  by  the  fearful  ravages  of  the  cholera. 
Strong  men  succumbed  by  hundreds,  and  were 
buried  by  the  wayside.  Mr.  Steward  himself, 
saw  five  persons  die  insidy  of  an  hour,  and  it 
made  the  stoutest  heart  qnail  and  wish  to  be 
back  in  the  States.  The  only  alternative  was  to 
press  forward,  which  they  did  with  all  possible 
speed.  The  Indians  sometimes  drove  off  their 
cattle,  but  they  followed  and  recovered  them. 

Upon  arriving  at  the  Dalles,  he,  with  others, 
drove  stock  down  the  Columbia  river,  and,  los- 
ing their  way,  they  suffered  greatly  of  hunger,  and 
also  became  infested  with  vermin,  so  mnch  so, 
that  Mr.  Steward  threw  .away  their  clothes,  and 
when  he  arrived  in  Portland  had  on  a  very  poor 
suit  and  1^1  in  money  in  his  pocket.  He 
reached  the  metropolis  on  September  10,  and 
on  the  IStli  arrived  in  La  Fayette. 

He  spent  the  first  winter  with  his  sister  and 
brother-in-law,  and  hunted  for  a  living,  killing 


170 


lUsroliY    OF    OliKOON. 


iimny  det'r.  The  fainily  lived  on  IniilcMl  whcKt 
iiiul  vt'iiison  most  of  the  tiiiii",  wheat  l)eiMij  ^(i  a 
l)iishel,  and  tliey  i'X|)ei'ieiieed  very  closi'  timet;. 
I!<',  later,  went  on  Ids  bnitlier-iii-law's  farm, 
working  tor  1dm,  liitnted,  dr 'vu  stock  and  liroke 
liorsej;,  and  was  attired  in  l)m'k>kin  pants  and 
nnieeasin«.  He  remained  tliere  nnlil  1S85, 
when  he  enlisted  in  tiie  Indian  \\ar  with  A.  J. 
Jlemiiree,  whom  he  hel)ied  to  elect  ca|itain. 
He  was  told  that  he  was  too  yc  iiufir  t'>  enlist, 
lint  that  was  just  a  scheme  to  make  him  re- 
main at  home  and  take  care  uf  his  sister,  hut 
he  [lersisled  in  i;oin<j.  an<l  wor!;ed  for  tlie  (tov- 
ernment,  Kreakin^'  horses  and  carrying  express, 
the  latte;-  employment  lieing  followed  ,  t  all 
ti nu^s,  day  ah;!  nijjlit. 

In  1!S5S,  and  alter  the  close  of  the  war,  he 
pre-empted  ninety-three  acres  of  laml  in  the 
N'ortherii  Vam  Hill  valley,  located  on  the  east- 
ern bank  of  the  Vam  Hill  I'iver.  Here  he  built 
a  cabin,  and  lived  alone  for  three  years. 

Wearyino,  however,  of  sinj^le  blessedness,  he 
married,  on  Septeuiber  ^(i.  ISCtl,  Aliss  Klzina 
Olds,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  luitive  of  Indiana. 
She  was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  IJuel  Olds,  an  es- 
teeniel  pioneer  of  1844.  He  and  liis  wife 
settled  on  Mr.  Steward's  claim,  where  they  have 
since  continued  to  reside.  In  185H  Mr.  Stew- 
ard built  a  large  and  comfortable  farm  resi- 
dence, and  otherwise  improved  (he  |)laee,  mak- 
ing of  il  an  attracli\e  and  pleasant  home.  In 
l^^i}  Mrs.  steward's  father  ilied,  aged  s<ventv- 
two  years,  and  she  lost  her  mother  two  years 
later,  in  \.>i^ii.  Thi' (dd  ihiiuition  claim  of"  her 
parents  is  1'>jw  owned  by  herself  and  brothers, 
liesides  th'-',  Mr.  Steward  owns  200  acres  of 
the  choicest  land  in  the  valley,  ami  is  numbered 
among  tin'  prosperous  farmers  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Steward  cast  his  first  vote  for  Stephen 
A.  Douglas,  but  when  t!ie  rebels  tired  on  Fort 
Sumter,  he  joined  the  I'nion  and  Republican 
ranks,  thus  following  the  example  of  his  ances- 
tors, wlio  ave  figured  in  all  the  wars  of  ihe 
country. 

A  brother,  (yaptain  Uobeit  Steward,  eidisti  1 
August  1,  18fi2,  in  Compa.iy  D.  One  Ilundreo 
and  'I'wenty-liflh  Illinois  N'olunteers,  and  was 
elected  Captain  of  the  Company,  and  served 
under  Sheridan.  He  participateil  in  n)any  of 
the  battles  in  which  the  Ihuon  forces  clistin- 
guislied  themse'ves.  At  the  battle  of  I^owlint; 
(ireen.  he  was  disabled,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charjied.  T'.iis  brother  was  also  an  (Jrecon 
[douuur,  and  has  the  honor  of   having  built    the 


tirot  railroad  in  the  State.  This  was  at  Portajje 
of  the  Cascades,  used  lor  transferring  freight 
and  jiassengers.  The  rails  were  of  wood  and 
the  cars  were  drawn  by  mules.  Captain  Stew- 
ard uevei'  fully  recovered  from  the  effects  of 
disease  coiiti'acted  in  the  army,  and  ihe  brave 
patriot  iu)w  lies  in  a  dying  coi-dition  at  his 
brother's  house.  He  belongs  to  that  imble 
throng  of  fast  disappearing  participants  in  the 
terrible  conflict  between  brothers  of  the  same 
country,  his  side  ot  wliich  struggled  to  elevate 
humanity,  and  plant  liberty's  banners  on  the 
glorious  ramparts  of  the  nation.  Nobly  have 
they  done,  and  their  worthiness  id'  the  jji'atitude 
of  the  ])eople  is  jiroclaimed,  by  not  only  the 
4,O0(),(M)O  slaves  of  former  days,  but  by  all 
clnoiipions  of  right  ,he  world  over. 

It  would  be  ilisappointiiig  indee«l,  were 
James  L.  Steward  t(i  prove  a  renegaik"  to  tiie 
traditions  of  his  tamih",  who  have  esponeed  the 
cause  of  justice,  and  ilie<l  rejoicing  in  in-r  cause. 
On  the  contrai'v.  he  is  a  W(U'thy  standard  hearer 
of  his  ancestors  and  his  country,  and  desei'ving 
of  the  highest  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 

%  ^S»  ■'  •" — ■*»   "I" — r.i..  ^^^-§ 

fABlilTUS  li.  SMITH,  one  of  the  succes^- 
S  fal  pioneer  farmers  of  Marion  county,  and 
still  residii'L.  upon  the  section  laiul.  which 
pu'Tiiased  ii  l;SJ-7,  was  born  in  Rochester, 
New  V(U'k,  il.  I'^iy.  The  incidents  of  the  days 
of  his  youth  are  still  Fresh  in  his  menuiry. 

May  17,  lS4tt,  in  coinj)any  with  Joseph 
Waldo,  he  set  (jut  upon  the  long  jounu'V  across 
the  plains,  arrived  safely,  and  since  then  has 
been  a  resident  at  the  place  mentioned. 


tONOKAliLK  UOliKUTV.  SIKHIT,  one 
of  the  highly  respected  citizens  of  Wil- 
sonville,  Clackamas  county,  Ore-fon,  ami 
a  pioneer  of  1847,  has  been  a  iiromim  nt  factor 
in  deieloping  ;.iieresources  of  this  section  of 
the  country. 

He  was  born  in  Fayette  township.  Allegimny 
coiintv,  I'ennsylvaiua,  March  iil.  1828.  His 
gramlfather,  wlio  whs  of  Knglish  Irixh  descent, 
emigrated  lo  America  in  1792,  and  tiie  deed  to 
his  property  was  secured  from  riie  (■ominon- 
weallii  (d  I'ennsylvania.  Th(>  parents  id'  our 
subjttct,  Jaiiibs  and  ICIuunor  (Mci'.irland)  Short 


UISTOIIY    OF    OIIEOON. 


771 


\ 


were  natives  of  Peniisylvaiiiji.  In  1823  tli(fy 
removed  to  Iticlilaiid  county,  Oliio,  iiiul  siiUse- 
(jneiitly  settled  in  Milt.)ii  tovvfisl.ii),  where  Mr. 
Short  purchiised  300  iieres  of  isinu  an<l  was  eii- 
jraged  in  farming  until  his  death.  Lie  died  in 
Ibtil,  aged  seventy-six  years.  liol)ert  was  the 
fourth  in  their  family  of  five  children.  His 
mother  dying  when  he  was  (juite  small,  he  was 
taken  hy  his  grandmother  to  the  old  homestead 
in  Pennsylvaida,  and  remained  with  her  until 
he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  availinir  himself 
to  the  limited  school  facilities  of  that  period. 
In  1840  he  returned  to  his  father  and  was  then 
apprenticed  to  the  taylor's  trade  at  Ashland, 
(iliio.  remaining  there  two  years  and  a  hall.  In 
the  fall  of  184-2  he  went  to  Ueleware,  Ohio,  and 
Ity  work  at  his  trade  set'ured  fumis  toenablehiin 
to  obtain  a  higher  education.  After  taking  a 
course  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  he  be- 
gan teaching,  wliicii  occupation  he  followed  at 
intervals  till  duly  1845.  That  year  he  moved 
to  Illinois,  where  he  was  employed  in  work  at 
hie  trade  for  some  time. 

In  February,  1847,  Mr  Short  started  for 
Oregon,  I'ittsburg  being  his  starting  point. 
At  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  he  joined  an  emigra- 
tion party,  rendering  service  for  board  and 
transportation  across  the  plains.  The  train 
with  which  he  traveled  numbered  twenty-eight 
wagons  and  was  in  command  of  General  doel 
Palmer.  Tliev  made  slow  but  nteady  progress, 
crossed  the  Cascades  by  the  Harlow  route,  and 
arrived  at  Oregon  Oity  Niiveml)er  4,  1847. 
May  7,  1847,  Iwing  the  day  they  started. 

Mr.  Short  opened  a  taylor  shop  in  Oregon 
City,  and  also  engaged  In  surveying,  having 
studied  surveying  in  Ohio.  In  I'Vliruary  of  the 
following  year  he  was  married  to  Mies  Mary 
<ieer,  daiiglitur  of  Joseph  0.  and  Mary  (leer, 
Mr.  Short  having  been  in  Mr.  Geer"s  employ 
while  crossing  the  plains  in  1847.  The  news 
of  the  California  gold  e.\<'ite!nent  reached  him 
in  August,  1848,  and  the  following  April  he 
started  for  the  mines,  traveling  by  sail  vessel 
from  Portland  to  San  Francisco,  and  from  that 
port  went  to  Spanish  bar  on  the  middle  fork  of 
the  American  river.  There  he  mined  about 
tiiroe  months  and  realized  Sl,500.  He  then  re- 
turned to  San  Francisco,  ari'iving  during  the 
excitement  caused  by  the  depredations  of  "the 
Hounds,"' and  allied  in  org.'imzing  the  first  Vig- 
ilance committee  on  the  I'acilic  coast.  The 
band  wore  all  captured,  tried  ami  banished,  and 
poaco  was  restored. 


Returning  to  Oregon  in  thesnmmerof  1849, 
he  located  a  claim  of  040  acres  on  the  Willam- 
ette river,  twelve  miles  above  Oregon  City,  then 
in  Vani  Hill  county,  and  followed  fanning  and 
surveying.  In  1850  he  was  engaged  upon  the 
survey  and  map  of  the  city  of  Portland.  In 
185(5  he  was  elected  the  first  County  Surveyor 
of  Yam  Hill  county,  and  in  1857  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention. 
With  the  division  of  Yam  Hill  ami  the  forma- 
tion of  Clackamas  county,  his  ranch  was  in  the 
latter.  Ii  18(53  he  was  elected  .Vssessor  ot 
Clackamas  county,  and  in  1888  was  (slected  to 
the  State  Legislature  from  that  county.  In 
1887  he  sold  his  ranch  to  his  son-in-law,  (Miarles 
T.  Tooze,  and  purchased  a  homo  at  Sunny- 
side  for  his  wife  and  children.  Since  then  Mr. 
Short  has  divided  his  time  between  the  two 
homes. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Short  have  had  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living,  viz.:  Alvina,  wife  of 
G.  C.  Love,  of  Portland;  William  P.,  captain  of 
a  river  steamer;  Sherman  V.,  also  captain  of  a 
river  steamer;  Lillisann,  wife  of  Frank  B.  Jolly, 
a  lawyer  of  Portland;  Marshall  P.,  a  river  cap- 
tain; Letty  (i.,  wife  of  Charles  T.  Tooze;  Kvange* 
line,  wife  of  Frank  II.  Shaw,  of   Portland. 

Mr.  Sliort  has  been  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  since  1859.  In  politics'  he  began 
life  as  a  Democrat;  joined  the  Union  party  dur- 
ing the  lieb'jllion,  a'ld  has  since  alttliated  with 
the  Republicans.  He  is  a  sterling  representa- 
tive of  the  pioneers,  and  a  worthy  survivor  of 
the  -'days  of  small  things." 

(SHBEY   PKARCE,    an    Oregon     pioneer 
of  1847,  and  now  an  honored  resident  of 
Albanv,    was    born    in    HarrLson  county, 
Indiana,  J  uiie  30,  1821. 

Philip  Peanie,  his  father,  was  a  native  of 
Rallimore.  Maryland,  his  ancestors  having  set- 
tled tluTi!  in  iS'34.  with  the  eniigration  of  Lord 
Baltimore.  The  boyhood  days  of  Philip  were 
passed  in  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  where  he 
lived  with  his  parents,  engaged  in  various  oc- 
cupations. Ho  was  married  in  1807  to  Miss 
Aley  Torr,  a  native  of  tiie  James  river  country, 
Virginia,  where  her  ancestors  settled  as  oarly 
as  1(1;{0.  Being  opposed  to  slavery  and  its  in- 
tlueiices,  he  left  Kentucky  in  1811,  and  settled 
ill    Boono  township,  Harrison  county,  Indiana, 


ITi 


JIlSTOlir    OF    (iiiKilON. 


I' 


• ;'  1 


wliere  he  was  entfaffccl  in  fanning  until  1835. 
Ki!in  ivinj^  to  Knox  Cdniity.  Illinois,  that  yt'ar. 
\w  passed  the  rest  of  liis  life  there,  his  wife 
ilvini;  in  1S55.  ai.fe(i  sixty-eiaht  years,  and  he  in 
1875,  aged  ninety-two.  In  their  family  wire 
ten  children  who  lived  to  maturity. 

The  sulijeet  of  our  sketch  remained  with  ids 
parents  niilil  he  was  twenty-six  years  of  age. 
At  that  time  decliinni;-  liealth  induced  him  to 
seek  a  change  of  climate,  and  lie  came  to  Ore- 
gon, lie  cTilered  into  a  partnerslup  with  Carey 
Chamhers  in  jirecnring  an  onttit,  and  then  joineii 
a  train  (d'  lifty  fonr  waoons,  in  commaml  of 
Nathaniel  iJowman.  In  dne  time  they  arrived 
at  the  Dalles,  crossed  the  Cascade  mountains  hy 
the  Itarlow  ronte,  and  landed  in  ()rejj;on  City, 
t>e|itemher  fi,  1S4:7.  Mr.  Pearce  came  up  the 
valley  and  located  a  claim  of  tJ-lO  acres  on 
I'owell  crick,  where  he  huilt  a  log  house,  tilling 
in  the  cracks  with  moss  and  mud.  'I'lie  follow- 
ino  .lanuaiy  he  joined  the  company  of  Captain 
McKay,  for  the  Cayusi'  war,  was  mustered  in 
and  mounted  at  ()re<ron  ('ity,  and  proceeded  at 
once  to  the  Dalles  to  join  Colonel  (iilliam's 
regiii.ent.  They  were  out  aiwut  six  niontlis, 
anil  iluring  this  time  had  no  tents,  their  only 
protection  heing  light  hlankets.  and  at  times  all 
thev  had  to  eat  was  mule  and  horse  llcsh.  iieing 
an  experienced  cattle  driver,  Mr.  Pearce  was 
detailed  to  that  duty,  hauling.'  tlie  cannon  and 
supplies,  ami  thus  escaped  the  heat  of  most  of 
the  engagements,  liut  was  in  one  severe  hattle. 
itetiirning  to  the  valley  aiiout  the  first  of  -luly, 
huiiirrv  anil  almost  naked,  he  fouiui  employment 
in  tlic  harvest  ticid,  receiving  his  pay  in  wheat. 
Worth  ?<1  per  linshel,  and  at  that  time  used  as 
leifal  tender,  and  was  thus  enahled  to  purchase 
a  supply  of  clothing. 

After  passing  the  winter  on  his  claim,  in 
February,  1849,  he  went  to  California,  and  on 
tiie  Tuolumne  river,  and  in  otherdistricts  mineil 
through  the  summer,  returning  to  Oregon  in 
the  faTl  with  about  81,400  in  golddtist.  In  the 
spring  (d'  iHoO  he  again  started  for  the  mines, 
hut  on  account  of  sickness,  got  no  farther  than 
San  Kraitcisco.  lie  came  back  to  Oregon,  and 
at  Albany  iiegan  clerking  for  Layton  I!ros.,who 
Lad  i)een  old  friends  of  his  in  Illinois,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  .laniiary,  1850.  At 
that  time,  1852,  lie  returned  to  his  old  home  in 
Illinois,  making  the  trip  via  the  I'anama  route, 
and  after  a  year  sju'iit  with  his  parents  he  came 
back  to  Oregon.  lie  then  ))ros]iected  the  Pu- 
get  sound  (country  for  a  place  to  sett'e,  ami,  not 


liking  the  location,  soiui  afterward  came  again 
to  Albany.  Here  he  clerked  for  ,).  M.  MeCon- 
lU'll  until  the  spring  of  1855.  when  he  took  up 
a  claim  to  iJ;i()  acres,  six  miles  south  of  Albany, 
and  proved  uj)  as  his  donation  claim.  Kroni 
that  time  till  the  spring  of  18()()  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  fruit  industry,  lie  then  sold  out, 
and  until  18(15  we  fiinl  him  clerking  ai\d  farm- 
ing. That  year  he  purchased  the  terry  and 
'.^54  acresof  land  in  Penton  couiity.  to  which  he 
subsc(jucntly  addeil  till  he  owned  oiil  acres, 
the  iinichase  price  beingfrom  88  tii  !>'5  ]ier  acre, 
lie  operated  the  ferry  till  188S,  when  he  sold 
out  and  retired  frcpin  active  business,  having 
disposed  of  his  farm  in  1889. 

(doming  to  Albany  in  1891  he  bought  pro- 
perty between  First  and  Water  atul  Kllsworth 
and  I'roadalhin  streets,  and  at  once  erected  a 
two-story  brick  business  block,  40x102  feet, 
known  as  Pearce  Plock. 

Mr.  Pearce  is  opposed  to  secret  societies  and 
the  doctrine  of  "  oterind  woe,"  and,  in  order  to 
advance  the  doctrine  of  I'liiveisal  Salvation,  he 
erected,  in  1889,  the  I'ldversalist  Church,  corner 
ot  Fourth  and  Ellsworth  streets,  at  an  expense 
of  $8,000,  which  he  presented  to  the  I'nivcr- 
salist  Conventioi\  as  a  lasting  monument  <d'  his 
faith  and  prec(])ts. 

He  is  public  spirited  and  enterprising  and 
has  been  identilicil  with  many  of  thi;  leading 
enterprises  here.  lie  was  one  of  the  orgainzers 
of  the  Willamette  Valley  and  Cascade  Mountain 
Military  wagon  road,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
completing  the  road,  also  took  an  active  part  in 
liuikiing  the  Oroiion  Pacific  railroad,  owning 
stock  in  the  same.  He  was  the  first  to  start  a 
Poinological  Society  in  Oregon.  In  politics  he 
is  a  (larrisonian  Aboliti(uiist.  I.arge-hearted, 
generous  and  public-sjiirited  to  a  fault,  he  is 
popular  with  all  who  know  him. 

Mr.  Pearce  was  married  September  10,  18tiO, 
to  Miss  Susan  Keed,  daughter  of  (Juartiis  Kecd, 
a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  a  descendant  of 
Puritan  aiu'cstry. 


fOIlN  W.  SHKLTON,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1840  and  one  of  Y  nm  Hill  c.ouiity's  most 
successful  farmers,  was  horn  in  the  State  of 
Missouri,  May  4,  18U;}.  His  father,  Zehe<lee 
Sh'-lton.  was  born  in  Tcnui  ssee,  of  early  Amer- 
ican ancestry.     His  grandfHther  Shelton  fought 


MM 


HISrOHY    OF    OliEOON. 


773 


in  tlie  war  of  1812.  Mr.  Shelton's  father  iiiai- 
ried  Mii?n  Sophroliia  Alilk'r.  a  native  of  Missouri, 
and  the  daiiirhterof  Phillip  Miller,  a  well-known 
pioneer  of  Mibfioiiri.  Mr.  Shelton's  iiarentB  had 
ten  children.  With  them,  in  I84ti,  they  started 
on  the  lonif  joiirnev  to  ()reiion,  liefore  the  days 
of  the  (  alifortiia  ij;old  exoiteinent.  One  of  the 
children  died  at  Inde]ieiidence,  ]\Iit-soiiri,  and 
another  at  I'latte  river,  and  both  were  placed  in 
little  ivraves.  The  bereaved  family  pushed  for-  ; 
ward  for  their  destination  in  the  far  West. 
Arriving  in  Yam  Hill  county,  they  located  on 
•itO  acres  of  lan<l.  which  has  since  borne  tlie 
name  of  the  Zebedee  Slielton  donation  ciaini. 
Here  a  'og  cal)in  was  bnilt  and  here  tney  re- 
sided. After  eleven  years  of  snccesefiil  farm- 
ing the  father  died,  in  1857,  in  the  fifty-third 
year  of  his  ajfe.  His  wife  still  siirvives.  now 
in  her  ( if.;hty-foni  Ji  year,  and  rejidinij;  in  I'olk 
conntv-  !^hc  is  still  hale  and  hearty,  an  hon- 
ored pioneer  of  Oregon  and  jsteenied  by  all 
who  knew  her.  Of  the  famUy  that  crossed' 
tilt!  plains  six  are  still  living,  three  sons  and 
three  daughters.  One  of  tlum,  Di'.  Thomas 
Shelton,  is  having  a  successful  medical  prni- 
tice  at  Kngene  City;  Ur.  J;imes  Uicate'l  at 
Salem. 

<I>jhn  W.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  has 
resided  on  the  farm  ever  since  I.i  canu  to 
the  State  in  IH-td.  On  the  death  of  his  father 
he  inherited  a  portion  of  the  claim,  continued 
to  conduct  the  atl'airs  of  the  place,  and  from 
time  to  time,  as  he  was  able,  he  purchased  the 
interest  of  the  tither  heirs,  and  he  now  has  500 
acres  altogether,  constituting  one  of  tlu*  very 
fine,-t  larms  in  the  county,  ili^  raises  annually 
from  250  to  300  acres  of  wheat,  and  is  also 
r.'iising  Some  tine  trotting  and  road  horses, 
mostly  of  imported  Kentucky  stock  and  Dur- 
ham cattle.  Mr.  Shelton  is  conducting  the 
farm  with  both  enterprise  and  ability,  and  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most  siiceess- 
fnl  farmers  in  the  county.  He  has  a  real  little 
village  of  barns  and  farm  buildings,  and  of 
course  all  the  machinery  necesr-iu'v  b'r  the  d"- 
maiids  of  the  work. 

Mr.  Shelton  was  married  in  1853,  to  Miss 
Mary  Ihirfoni,  a  native  of  Illinois  and  the 
daughter  of  llezekiah  J^irlbrd,  who  came  with 
his  family  to  Oregon  in  1852.  I'y  this  mar- 
riage there  wimh'  teii  children,  namely;  Martha, 
wild  nnirried  T.  .1.  (irovcs  and  is  now  deceased; 
('.  M.  is  a  merchant  ami  resides  at  \'ancouver; 
Lucy,  now  Mrs.   Newton    Wisecarver;   William 


and  U.  S.  frrant  are  in  eastern   Oregon;  Arthur 
T.  is  a  resident  of  Yam  Hill  county;  Alfred  in 

'  eastern  AVashington;  and  Lena  Ilollis  and  Jiertio 

I   are  at  home  with  their  father. 

Mrs.  Shelton  died  in  187'J.  and  in  1882^Mr. 
Sjielton  married  Mrs.  },\«.v';  Miithews,  an  amia- 
ble lady  and  the  widow  of  J.  ii.  Mail'ews,  who 
was  a  very  ,?xcellent  ii:an,  a   veteran  of  tiit>  late 

I   war,  and  a  soldier  s(j  highly  thought  of  that  the 

;  post  of  the  (irand  Army  of  the  Ue|)iiblic  at 
F'.rest  throve  named  itself  after  him,  in  honor 
of  his  good  record,  lioth  as  a  soldier  and  a  pat- 
riotic citizen.  Hy  her  former  husband  Airs. 
Shelton  had  two  children.  Frank  and  Anna,  a 
graduate  at  the  State  L'riivel>ity.      By  her   pres- 

I  ent  marriage  there  is  one   child,  named  ['rince. 

j        In  his  political   views   Mr.   Shelton  is  a   lie- 

I  publican.  lie  is  a  thoroughly  responsiLle 
man,  and  makes  the  ati'airs  of  his  farm  his  main 
business. 


— '^^m^im^^^- 


fEOllGE  Y.  DAVIS,  a  pioneer  of  Oregon 
'  of  1857,  was  born  iti  Montgomery  county, 
Jjf.  Kentucky,  April  3,  1831.  His  remotest 
ancestors  in  this  country  was  tlohn  Davis,  a 
native  of  Wales,  who  came  to  America  in  about 
the  year  17(55,  and  was  a  wagon  repairer  in 
Washington's  army  at  the  time  of  the  war  for 
Independence.  IJenjamin  S.  Davis,  the  father 
of  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia in  1794,  and  two  years  later  his  father  and 
family  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  where  the  hoy 
grew  uj)  to  manhood,  and,  at  the  declaration  of 
war  with  (4reat  IJritain  in  1812.  he  eidisted  in 
the  Cnited  States  service,  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen years,  and  was  under  the  command  of 
General  William  H.  Harrison,  and  was  at  the  bat- 
tle of  the  Thames,  and  witnessed  the  surrender 
of  the  enemy  to  the  "  boys  in  buckskin." 

He  married  Miss  Nancy  Yocom,  a  native  of 
the  Old  Dominion.  They  had  eight  childreii, 
the  youngest  of  whom  is  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  He  was  left  an  or|)han  on  the  day  of 
his  birth,  and  in  1833  hit  hither  married  Miss 
Mary  .lohnsoti,  and  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
resided  with  them  on  the  home  farm  for  eleven 
years,  attending  the  piihlii^  schools  of  the  neigh- 
borhood in  the  winter,and  assisting  on  the  farm 
in  the  summer. 

In  1842  ills  father  died,  when  "ur  subject  re- 
moved to  I'iko  county,  Illinois,  where  ho  resided 


774 


UISTOKY    Oh'    OllKOON. 


i.:'^; 


with  a  brother.  Here  he  learned  the  l)hicl<- 
smithV  trade,  to  which  he  served  as  an  appren- 
tice from  the  time  lie  was  fourteen  years  of  ai,'e 
until  he  liecaiue  nineteen,  reccivinir  as  conipen- 
i-ation,  instruction  in  his  trade  and  Ids  lioard  and 
clothes.  ( )ii  cunipletiii^  his  apprenticeship,  he 
worked  as  a  journeyman  for  a  year,  receiving 
$16  a  month,  and  on  tindiiifj;  tliat  farm  hands 
were  gettiiiff  oidy  .$8  a  month,  he  congrntniateil 
himself  on  having  acquired  a  more  lucrative 
trade. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  glowinir  reports  were 
heard  of  the  tindinir  of  gold  in  (California,  and, 
on  April  8,  ISoO,  the  young  jonrneynian  turned 
his  steps  westward.  He  ac(;om|iaiiied  a  party 
of  ten  young  men.  who  had  fitted  out  teams  with 
horses  and  mules.  They  started  from  Pittstield, 
Illinois,  and  were  a  month  erossini;  the  State  of 
Missouri.  He  paid  *2oO  and  drove  a  teaui  for 
the  privilege  (if  coming  with  them,  and  his 
Ijoard,  and  fiy  the  time  he  tinished  his  journey, 
his  hill,  with  interest,  cost  him  $8;53. 

I'jion  arriving  at  his  destination  he  went  to 
the  mines  on  the  south  fork  of  the  American 
river,  where  he  remained  for  several  months, 
until  he  was  taken  ill.  At  times  he  took  out  as 
much  as  S20  a  day.  the  largest  piece  he  ever 
lound  at  any  one  time,  being  ^4.  which  wns 
ftoU'ii  Irom  hiui.  While  in  the  mines,  he  camped 
with  others  under  the  shade  of  a  live-oak  ti'ce. 
and  the  fare  was  beef,  salt  pork,  eotfee  and  black 
syrnp:  Hour  was  twenty-tive  cents  a  poum  .  and 
he  paid  §1.50  per  pound  for  onions. 

.\fter  recovering  from  his  illness,  he  worked 
by  the  month  for  a  time  in  Calaveras  county, 
(California,  and  tinallv  went  to  Sacramento. 
Kroni  thi;re  he  and  a  party  started  on  March 
2f),  IHol.  with  horses,  and  came  overland  to 
( tregon. 

lie  otojiped  for  a  time  in  Hillsboro,  where  he 
Worked  at  blacksmithing  tor  Mr.  Michael  Moore, 
t'rom  .lutu'  to  the  following  March.  He  then 
went  to  Forest  (irove.  wheiu^  Mr.  Wdliam  liegle 
bifilt  a  shop,  and  Mr.  Davis  commenced  work  in 
I  lie  first  blacksmith  sho|)  in  town.  After  a 
moiith's  work,  he  purchased,  in  February.  1.S52, 
the  shop  and  tools,  and  continut^l  to  run  the 
bu.siness  until  the  following  \oveml)er.  He 
then  canu;  to  Yam  Hill  county,  where  la  pur- 
chased a  s(|uatter's  right  to  a  <louation  claim, 
located  nine  miles  Southwest  of  McMinnvi|le. 
There  whs  no  house  on  the  claim,  and  he  lived 
ahjne  for  four  years.  He  juirchascd  tocds  in 
i'ortiand,   and   started   the    lirst    blacksmith  in 


South  Yam  Hill,  of  Yam  Hill  county. 

On  September  27,  1837,  he  marrie(i  .Mi>s 
(Caroline  Yocum,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  .lesse  Yocum,  a  well-known 
and  highly  respected  citizen  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
( )regon. 

^[r.  Davis  continued  to  cultivate  his  farm  and 
run  his  shop,  from  1S53  to  1880,  since  which 
time  he  ha.s  given  his  whole  attention  to  the 
former  occupation,  still  doing  his  own  Idack- 
sniithing.  His  persistent  elt'orts  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  rich  soil  of  Oregon,  have  been  amply 
rapid  liy  unusually  large  cnpps,  and  he  has  now 
accumulated  a  very  comfortable  income. 

M.  and  Mrs.  I)avis  have  had  eiyht  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  now  living,  and  all  born  on 
the  farm.  Olive,  the  oldest,  now  resides  in 
Amity;  -lefferson,  died  August  25,  1884,  aged 
twenty-four  years;  he  was  a  promising  yi'iing 
man.  and  greatly  mourned  by  his  friends  ami 
family;  I.ucy  Florence  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Her- 
nuin  ririi'h.and  resides  in  Washington  county; 
Henry  W.  is  a  steamboat  engineer,  and  resides 
in  Portland;  Horace  L.  is  in  California,  where 
he  is  in  the  shingle  business;  John  H.  is  in 
eastern  Oregon,  engaged  i'l  the  stock  business; 
()rland  (4eorge  and  Walter  are  at  home. 

Mr.  Davis  was  formerly  a  Whig  in  politics, 
but  at  the  tinii' of  the  war  becanu'  a  Uepublican. 
He  was  the  first  postmaster  in  his  section  of  the 
country,  and  was  apj)ointed  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  I'resiileut  I'ierce.  The  post  otHc(>  w.as 
then  called  Muddy,  but  has  since  been  changed 
to  the  more  euphonious  luimo  of  liellevue. 
During  the  great  civil  war  he  was  a  strong,  out- 
spoken, upholder  of  the  (Tovernuieut,  and,  in 
const'(pietu'e.  his  life  was  often  in  danger  from 
p(difical   op]iont>nts. 

He  and  his  wcu'thy  wife  are  ciHisisteut  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Churcdi,  to  the  welfare  of 
which  they  have  always  liberally  contributed  of 
their  nu'ansand  intUienc  . 

— '^■'^M^'^&^-Hr-  - 

U'-NRY  WrXTON.  Ju-.a  prominent  pioneer 
and  representative  farn\er  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  came  to  the  Territory  in 
1841.  He  was  [mm  in  Manitoba  o'l  the  8th 
of  October,  1S2!I.  His  father,  Henry  nu\ton,Sr., 
was  born  in  Derbyshire.  I'jigland,  in  17!t4,  ami 
came  to  .Anu'ricain  1821.  He  married  Franc(<s 
Thomas,  of  Manitoha,  aftty  reaching  this  couu- 


IIIbTOHY    OK    OUEOON. 


775 


try,  ami  tliny  residci  in  limt  province  some 
time,  and  tlien,  witli  tlieir  one  child,  removed 
to  Piiiret  soiiiid.  lie  was  in  tlie  service  of  tiie 
Hudson's  iiay  Company  tliere,  as  well  as  being 
eiij:(aged  in  rariiiiiig.  In  crossing  tlie  Uocky 
inonntaiMS  Mrs.  IJiixton  tell  from  lier  liorse  and 
received  injuries  from  wliicli  she  never  recov- 
ereil,  and  at  I'uget  sound  siie  died.  Mr.  liuxton 
then  removed  to  Tnalitin  plains,  iu  Wasiiington 
county,  wliere  lie  settled  on  a  lionation  claim. 
Mr.  liuxton  married  again,  in  1>^43.  ilrs.  Sarah 
E.  -Muiiger,  tiie  widow  of  liev.  Ashel  Muiiger. 
They  came  t<)  Oregon  in  lSii9  with  Itev.  J.  S. 
(Trittin.  .Mr.  Huxton  remained  on  his  claim 
until  18r>0.  whiMi  lie  sold  (;ut  and  went  to  Forest 
(irove,  where  lie  purchased  30(t  acres  of  land 
from  a  squatter,  and  this  property  he  afterward 
sold  to  .Jerome  I'orter,  who  now  owns  it.  Mr. 
Hu.xton  died  in  1S70.  He  was  a  ('i)nij;reiration- 
alist  in  his  reli<rions  belief,  and  a  I!e|)ulilican  in 
politics,  lie  was  a  thorunohly  ujiriijht  man  in 
every  respect,  and  an  honoralile  citizen.  The 
daiii.;hter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  liuxton.  Sarali  E., 
married  a  Mr.  Charles  Ueynolds,  and  re.-ides  at 
Seattle.  Mrs.  Bu.xton  survived  her  hurband 
twenty  years,  and  died  in  18!K). 

.Mr.  liuxton,  .Jr.,  who  is  the  suiijcct  of  this 
sketch,  came  witii  his  father  to  Oreifoii,  in  IS-ll. 
He  resided  with  his  father  until  1^14^7,  when  he 
went  to  I'orest  Grove  and  took  up  a  farm,  one 
and  a  half  miles  nortiiwest  from  Fori'st  .(Jrove, 
where  lie  built  a  cabin  on  bis  own  account,  put- 
ting nj)  witli  all  the  hardships  and  privations 
that  the  Oregon  pioneer  at  that  date  underwent. 
This  property  he  has  since  farmed  for  forty- 
live  years,  and  liy  honest,  persistent  iiidnstry, 
lias  made  of  it  one  of  the  Hnest  and  most  de- 
sirable farms  in  the  State. 

Just  jirevious  to  moving  to  his  farm  in  1847, 
Mr.  Huxton  was  married  to  Miss  Uosanna 
Wooley,  of  Oiiio,  the  daughter  of  .lacob  and 
Ellen  Wooley.  They  ciime  to  ( )regon  iti  184i>. 
Mr.  and  Mr.s.  Buxton  have  bad  thirteen  children, 
of  whom  eight  are  living:  Rebecca,  the  eldest, 
married  Mr.  Terry  Kinr/.ey;  Edward  's  a  man- 
iifaciiirer  in  Fore.-t  Grove,  and  lias  four  children  ; 
11.  T.  is  a  prosperous  farmer  iu  tliL'  county,  ami 
has  three  ebildren;  flames  T.  reuides  in  Forest 
Grove,  is  married,  has  two  children,  and  he 
owiKs  and  operates  a  general  machine  shop,  and 
employs  several  workmen;  Win.  T.  is  a  rariner 
resiiling  in  this  country,  is  married,  and  has 
thrcL"  children ;  .Mary  Ellen  was  married  to  K. 
O.  Stevenson  in  1878,  and  died  in  1888,  leaving 


four  children;  Charles  E.  died  in  his  thirtieth 
year;  .Jacob  S.  has  one  child,  and  resides  on  the 
home  fai'ni:  (!arrie  Frances  is  the  wife  of  Ed- 
ward 11.  Harrison,  and  resides  at  McMinnville, 
and  lias  four  children;  Nellie  married  .lolin  U. 
Gritlin  in  1885.  anil  died  the  foilowing  year,  and 
left  an  infant  that  sodii  after  fnllDwed  her;  Aus- 
tin T.  is  at  college;  the  last  little  girl  died  when 
five  months  old. 

Mr.  Huxton  added  to  his  first  larm  until  he 
now  has  400  acres  in  one  body.  He  has  been 
raising  tine  sliorthorned  cattle,  and  in  every 
way  is  a  progressive  and  iMiterprisiiii;  farmer  and 
bu>in('>>  man.  He  has  dealt  in  real  estate  on 
his  own  account,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  tiie  For- 
est Grove  Fruit  and  Vegetable  ('aniiery,  and  is 
one  of  the  directors  of  it.  He  has  twice  been 
elected  County  Colllmis^ioner,  and  takes  pleasure 
in  the  tlidiight  that,  in  1855,  he  helped  organize 
the  first  school  district  iu  the  neigiiborliood.  At 
its  organization  he  was  made  clerk,  and  for 
sixteen  years  in  succession  be  served  iu  that 
capacity.  He  also  was  its  director  .seven  times. 
Ill  187y  he  moved  into  Forest  (irove  for  awhile, 
that  his  children  might  enjoy  the  hitiUer  educa- 
tion offered  by  the  Pacific  I'niversity.  Mr. 
Buxton  has  the  honor  of  having  helped  cut  the 
first  wagon  road  to  I'ortlaud.  and  over  it  drove 
the  first  load  of  produce,  pork  and  beans.  The 
wagon  was  drawn  by  oxen,  and  it  was  in  184t) 
that  the  trip  took  place. 

Fn  1887  Mr.  liuxton  and  his  estimable  wife 
sold  their  interests  in  Forest  Grove,  and  re- 
turned to  the  farm  to  enjoy  in  retirement  the 
fruits  of  their  earlier  years  of  toil.  Such,  how- 
ever, was  not  to  be  the  case,  for  at  the  genera! 
electi.in  in  1S'J2,  without  solicitation  oi;  his 
part,  he  was  elected  :o  represent  bis  county  in 
the  Legi!-lati\e  Asr.ei  ibly,  thus  showing  the  jiigli 
esteem  in  which  lie  is  hehl  by  his  fellow-citizens, 
and  the  contidei.K".:  reposed  in  him. 

After  a  few  years  on  the  farm,  the  cai)in  gave 
place  to  a  becter  house,  and  in  1889  a  fine  resi- 
dence was  ompletiMl  on  the  property,  and  Mr. 
Buxton  on  his  sixtieth  birthday  moved  into  it, 
October  8.  188i).  The  family  hud  a  reunion, 
and  the  meeting  was  a  very  enjoyable  event. 
They  thought  of  all  the  trials  pass(M)  through, 
and  the  memory  of  them  only  served  to  ren- 
der l)rightcr  the  present  jirosnerity. 

Mr.  Huxton  was  a  Democrat  until  the  attack 
on  Fort  Siimtcu'.  He  then  became  an  ardent 
Uepulilican,  and  he  has  since  continued  true  to 
that  jiarty.      He  was  but  a  boy  of  twelve  when 


776 


HISTOHY     OF    OltEGON. 


he  eaiiie  to  Oregon,  uul  lie  lias  enjoyed  none  of 
tlie  mlvantau;es  of  edueiition  that  the  young 
men  of  tlie  present  day  liave,  mhI  what  he  ob- 
tained was  principally  troiii  the  severe  school  of 
experience.  He  deserves  mueh  credit  for 
his  success  as  it  is  all  due  to  his  personal  efforts. 

Mr.  and  .\(rs.  iiuxton  iiave  been  married 
forty-five  years,  yet  they  are  still  younj^-looking 
people.  They  make  a  representative  pair  of 
{)regon  jiioneers,  and  are  justly  proud  of  what 
Oregon  has  grown  to  be.  There  lives  have  been 
puch  that  the  State  may  well  be  proud  to  num- 
ber them  amonir  the  inhabitants  of  that  irrowinif 
portion  of  the   Northwest. 

Mr.  Buxton  has  lieen  a  Master  Mason  since 
iSlil.  and  has  served  three  times  as  Master  of 
his  lodge.  Mrs.  IJiixton  is  a  member  of  the 
Jlethodist  Church,  wiiile  Mr.  iJnxton  is  lib- 
eral in  h  s  >iews  in  matters  of  religion. 

'rt—' "^'stUjJ"^.'*'-:*''*^* 

^AVID  SMITH  came  to  Oregon  in  1851, 
and  ^has  been  since  iileiititied  with  this 
great  growing  State,  ilr.  Sinitli  was 
born  in  Marion  county,  Ohio,  on  the  ITtii  of 
iS'ovember,  1827.  He  is  the  son  of  David 
Smith,  of  Virginia,  born  in  1785.  His  ances- 
tors came  lo  tlie  United  States  from  Irelatid 
previons  to  the  Revolution  and  settled  in  Vir- 
ginia. Mr.  Smith's  father  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812.  lie  married  Elizabeth  Hurd,  of 
Maryland,  the  daughter  of  William  and  Mar- 
garet Hurd.  They  were  Quakers  and  early 
settlers  of  Maryland,  where  their  ancestors 
emjifrated  from  Enirland.  Ten  children  blessed 
the  union,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living. 

Mr.  Smith  was  the  sixth  child.  In  1833  he, 
with  his  parents,  removed  to  Indiana,  where  he 
was  raised  tij  manhood.  In  1851,  with  five 
other  young  ni"Ti,  he  turned  his  face  westward, 
and  with  horses  i.iid  mules  made  the  journey  to 
( )regon.  This  ic  I'.rney  vvas  a  safe  and  enjoyable 
one,  and  they  arrived  in  Oregon  City  in  Sep- 
tember. From  there  they  went  to  Yreka,  Cal- 
ifornia, to  the  mines,  where  they  had  oidy  mod- 
erate success.  Mr.  Smith  then  returned  to 
Marion  county,  Oregon,  and  purchased  land 
and  a  sawmill,  where  he  remained  for  live  years, 
and  then  sold  out  to  Dr.  Iveil,  who  purchased 
it  for  a  Dutch  colony.  It  is  now  Aurora.  Mr. 
Smith  then  removed  to  Yani  Hill  county,  and 
purchasing  a  good  farm    renniined  there  twenty 


years.  His  farm  was  near  St.  Jo,  otie  atid  one 
half  miles  from  La  Fayette.  In  187(3  he  went 
to  Forest  drove  and  purchased  a  residence, 
where  he  has  since  lived  and  where  he  intends 
to  make  his  future  hom(\ 

Mr.  Smith  has  dealt  in  real  estate,  and  has 
been  successful  in  his  deals.  He  is  now  the 
owner  of  some  valuable  farm  land  in  Washing- 
ton and  Vaiu  Hill  counties.  He  has  retired 
from  active  business  ?nd  is  enjoying  the  fruits 
of  his  labors. 

In  1852  he  married  Miss  Attn  M.  White,  of 
Ohio,  the  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Susan  White, 
who  walked  across  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1852. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  two  sons  and  they 
have  adopteil  a  daughter.  The  eldest  son,  Mil- 
ton "W ..  is  a  I'ortland  lawyer;  Henry  Clay,  the 
other  son,  is  a  physician  in  Tacoma,  and  their 
daughter  is  still  at  home  with  them. 

Mr.  Smith  has  been  a  Kepul)lican  since  the 
formati(Ui  of  the  party.  During  tlie  time  when 
secession  was  rife,  he  joined  tb'^  Union  League 
and  did  all  he  could  to  kee))  Oregon  from  dis- 
grace on  that  (juestion.  He  was  elected  as- 
sessor of  Yam  Hill  county,  and  also  County 
Judge.  In  both  offices  he  showed  ability,  and 
in  1886  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
from  Washington  county.  In  that  capacity  ho 
served  his  constituents  faithfully  and  honor- 
ably. In  Forest  Orove  be  has  been  elected 
eiglit  times  by  his  fellow  citizens  to  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Town  Couiicil  and  also  i'resident  of 
the  Hoard  of  Trustees  six  times.  He  has  al- 
ways favored  all  city  and  county  improvements, 
atid  has  done  his  part  in  advancing  the  interests 
of  the  county. 

At  one  time  he  was  in  the  nursery  business, 
and  he  also  spent  a  year  of  his  life  in  the  mines 
in  Idaho.  The  wife  he  married  forty  years  ago 
is  still  by  his  side,  the  same  faithful  helinnato 
as  she  has  ever  been.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are 
persons  who  are  representatives  of  the  pioneers 
of  Oregon. 


fAVlS  WASHINGTON  LAUOHLIN.  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1850,  and  a  reputable 
and  successful  farmer  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
is  a  native  of  Missouri,  where  he  was  born  Sep- 
tember 14,  1842.  His  father,  James  Laughlin, 
was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  1818,  of  Scotch 
and  Irish  ancestors,  who  emigrated  from   their 


nisroHY  Oh'  oiiicaoN. 


777 


respective  eoimtrieg  in  the  seveiiteeiitli  century, 
durini;  the  reitrii  of  Kitij;  tiaines  I,  of  Knirland. 
who  gave  lands  to  his  Krlgli^^ll  ami  Scotch  sul)- 
jectsfor  the  settliiiii;  upon  them.  The  father 
of  the  Biibject  of  our  sketch  married  Miss  .Nancy 
C.  McCoy,  of  similar  ancestry  as  himself.  They 
iiad  six  children  horn  in  the  Kast,  who  in 
1850,  accompanied  their  parents  to  Oreiron. 
Tiiey  settled  in  Vam  Hill  county  on  a  donatioTi 
claim  located  ten  miles  northwest  of  Ija  Fay- 
ette, where  they  began  pioneer  lite  in  a  lo{» 
cabin.  The  first  winter  they  passed  without  a 
floor  in  the  cabin.  Here  they  lived  uninter- 
ruptedly, being  greatly  prospered  in  their  in- 
dustiious  elforts.  iSi.\  children  were  Ijorn  in 
()ro<ron.  In  1875  the  father  died,  I'rcatlv  la- 
mented  by  all  wlio  knew  him,  on  account  of 
his  many  sterliufr  traits  of  character.  His 
worthy  wife  still  survives,  now  in  her  seventy- 
third  year,  and  still  makes  her  home  on  their 
oriifinal  donation  claim. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  eiffht  years  of 
age  wdien  his  parents  emigrated  to  Oregon.  He 
was  reared  to  uumhood  on  their  donation  claim, 
attending  the  district  log  schoolhonse,  the 
acci)m|ianiuuMit  of  all  pioneer  life,  and  working 
on  the  farm.  In  1863  he  purchased  the  east 
side  of  the  Rowland  donation  claim. 

In  1862  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Sappingtoti, 
an  estimat)le  lady  and  a  native  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon.  She  was  born  in  1846.  and 
was  the  daughter  of  J.  M.  Sappington,  an  hon- 
ored pioneer  of  this  State,  who  came  to  Oregon 
in  18-15,  and  died  in  Washingioii  county  in 
1846,  where  (Cornelius  now  stands.  Her  mother 
(who  is  now  living  in  MeMinnvillo,  at  the  age 
of  seventy-three)  then  u)arried  Jeremiah  Row- 
land and  inove<l  to  Vain  Hill  county,  and  settled 
on  the  Rowland  homestead,  where  Sarah  Siifi- 
pingtoii  was  reared  from  the  time  she  was  three 
years  of  age,  and  inherited  eighty  acres  of  it  as 
her  share.  Here  she  has  resided  nearly  all  of 
her  life,  thirty  years  of  which  have  been  spent 
with  Mr.  Laugh'in.  They  have  a  large  and 
beautiful  home,  situated  on  the  hill  side,  with  a 
background  of  giant  oaks,  patriarchs  of  their 
kirul.  and  overlooks  the  broad  surrounding 
country  and  the  lieautiful  valley,  aptly  called 
the  Eden  of  Oregon,  through  the  green  fields 
of  which  the  river  winds  like  a  silver  ribbon. 
Altogether  the  whole  presents  a  picture  which 
might  add  a  charm  to  any  romance.  Here,  in 
(juiet  happiness,  they  have  reared  a  lovely  aiul 
accomplished   daughtcjr  to   womanhood,   Luella 


Orill.  Two  children  died  in  infancy.  Mrs. 
I.auglilin  has  been  a  helpmate  in  the  truest 
sense  of  the  word,  and  both  she  and  her  esti- 
mable husband  i^njoy  the  unbounded  esteem  of 
their  neighbors  and  frieiuls. 

The  farm  is  devoted  principally  to  the  rais- 
ing of  wheat  and  oats,  and  being  rolling,  well 
drained  and  productive,  usually  yields  an  ai)un- 
dant  harvest.  Ho  is  also  largely  interested  in 
stock  raising,  breeding  the  better  brands  of 
horses  and  cattle,  in  which  he  is  very  successful, 
and  finds  exceedingly  remunerative. 

He  is  a  Re])ublican  in  politics,  and  takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  pai'ty  and 
particularly  of  his  county.  He  has  for  years 
lieen  a  member  of  the  Central  Committee,  and 
has  also  acted  as  a  Judge  of  Elections  for  a 
number  of  years. 

He  is  a  member  in  good  standing  of  La  Fay- 
ette Lodge,  \o.  3.  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  in  the  welfare 
of  which  he  takes  a  great  interest. 

Thus  is  completed  an  altogether  too  brief 
outline  of  the  life  of  a  good  and  great  man,  who 
finds  his  greatest  reward  in  the  affectionate  re- 
gard of  his  family  and  friends,  and  the  endorse- 
ment of  his  own  searchino-  conscience. 


"'• '  '  i**   ">5"  ''  '"^ 


tN.  THOMPSON,  general  merchant  of 
lirownsville,  was  born  in  Elkhai  t,  Indi- 
*»  ana,  in  1844.  His  father,  Enoch  Thomp- 
son, was  a  native  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 
He  emigrated  to  Harrison  county,  Illinois,  in 
childhood,  and  during  the  Black  H.iwk  war  was 
engaged  in  garrison  duty  upon  the  site  of  the 
present  city  of  Chicago.  There  he  met  and 
married  Miss  Mary  A.  Kinzie,  who  inovetl  to 
the  village  of  C'hicago  as  a  child.  Her  father, 
Robert  Kinzie,  was  a  prominent '  Indian  trader 
of  that  State,  and  her  uncle  Robert  Miller,  was 
the  pioneer  hotel  builder  of  the  town.  Enoch 
Thompson  was  a  builder  by  trade  and  a  finished 
workman,  and  to  his  skill  is  accredited  many  of 
the  earlier  buildings  of  Elkhart,  where  he  lo- 
cated about  1840.  Twelve  years  later  he  re- 
moved to  Adel,  Dallas  county,  Iowa,  and  carried 
on  contracting  and  building  \nitil  1862.  Ho 
crossed  the  plains  in  that  year  with  four  teams, 
si.\  horses  and  eight  o.xen.  The  train  numbered 
about  125  people,  and  the  journey  was  fraught 
with  hardships  and  peril,  as  the  Indians  were 
very    troublesome    and    skirmishes    were     very 


778 


HisTonr  OF  uliEooy. 


fii'(ji;cr.t.  (>:iL'  of  the  oiiiriifi;ciiieiit»  I'oiitiiiiUMi 
tliroiiglidut  tilt'  al'toriiooii  nml  iiii;lit.  St'vcral 
of  tlie  coinpaiiy  wore  woiimii'il  ami  imidi  stock 
was  Htoleii,  but  at  last,  after  tivo  iiioiitlis  of 
travel  tiiey  lanileil  at  Cliico,  California,  October 
11,  lS(i2.  Tliurc  they  rciiiaiiied  two  years,  and 
^Ir.  TlioMi|i8oii  cipiitiiined  his  triidc,  l)nt  in 
ISti-l  thoy  Miovi'il  to  Albany.  Oregon,  and  in  the 
sjiriiii;  of  ISGa,  scttli'd  in  Itrownsville.  Here 
Mr.  Thompson  followed  his  trade  until  1!S7)5, 
and  then  entered  into  the  furniture  busiiicss, 
whieli  he  jiursued  until  his  death,  July  18, 1884. 
His  widow  i.s  still  livinj;,  aged  seventy-seven 
years. 

U.  N.  'Phonipsoii  was  ecjucated  at  the  Iowa 
Collew  at  (irinnell.  payinir  his  tuition  by  per- 
sonal labor  and  the  most  strin^ijent  economy.  In 
18(12  he  cros>ci|  the  plains  with  his  parents  anil 
taught  and  stnilied  at  Chico.  lie  attended  the 
.Mbany  Co'legiate  Institute  during  the  winter  of 
1S(')4,  and  in  the  sjiring  of  18()5,  lie  began  teach- 
ing near  I'rowuBville.  where  he  taught  the  coun- 
try and  city  schools  until  18()9.  when  here  turned 
to  the  East  and  sjient  one  year.  When  he  came 
West  again  he  went  to  San  Francisco  and  en- 
gaged ill  mercantile  business  as  a  clerk.  From 
there  he  went  to  Stockton  and  Lake  (^ity,  con- 
tinning  in  Inisiness  until  1S79,  when  he  returned 
to  Hrownville,  and  in  1880  purchased  one-half 
interest  in  the  general  niercliandise  business  of 
F.  F.  Croft,  which  partnership  lasted  until  1884, 
when  Croft  sold  his  interest  to  J.  .M.  Walters, 
and  in  1888  Mr  Walters  retired  and  Mr. 
Thompson  Continued  alone.  The  store  is  42 
by  80,  on  the  corner  of  (Jross  and  Mill  streets, 
and  with  its  com[)lete  stock  and  desirable  loca- 
tion, is  the  leading  store  in  North  Brownsville. 
Mr.  Tliompson  owns  valuable  property*  on  the 
opposite  corner  to  his  store,  as  well  as  real- 
estate  interests  in  Portland.  lie  is  deeply  in- 
teresfe(l  in  educational  niiitters  and  has  been 
president  of  the  Biownsville  Hoard  of  Education 
tor  four  ye  irs,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the 
City  Council  for  many  years. 

He  was  married  in  Falls  City,  California, 
in  1878,  to  iliss  .Nfary  A.  (in^enlee, of  Illinois, 
who  <iied  in  1885,  leaving  two  children,  Riy- 
moiid  and  Polland.  Ilc^  was  a<.;ain  married  in 
San  Francisco,  September  6,  1880,  to  Miss  Edith 
Lampe,  of  (California.  They  had  two  children, 
but  bitli  died  iu  February,  1892,  of  diphtheria 
and  scarlet  fever. 

Mr.  Tliompson  is  a  member  of  blue  lodge  and 
chapter,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.     He  is   a   man    of  en- 


thusiasm and  enterprise,  anil  takes  an  active 
part  in  every  movement  toward  advancing  or 
improving  the  interests  of  Brownsville. 


JiMH  I!.  AIUIAMS,  one  of  the  enterprising 
^ifMVB  business  men  of  Kiigenc.  was  born  iu 
V  SL,V  <*  I'erry,  Wyoming  ciiiinly,  .New  Vo.'k, 
in  1845.  His  father,  Joseph  .Mirams,  was  of 
Knickerliocker  ancestry,  and  a  native  of  Con- 
necticut. He  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter, 
which  he  followed  in  Now  York,  where  he 
married  Miss  Diami  Hotehkiss,  of  Massachu- 
setts. In  1848  they  removed  to  liornersvillc, 
New  York,  where  Sir.  Abrams  built  the  first 
l)laning-mill  and  sash  factory  of  that  sectioti, 
and  oi)i>rated  the  same  j-ntil  1854.  He  then 
returned  to  I'erry  and  resumed  his  trade  and 
there  passed  the  reinainder  of  his  life.  The 
family  was  increased  by  four  children,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  being  the  first  born.  lie 
was  educated  at  I'erry,  and  learned  the  car- 
|)enter  trade,  working  under  his  father  until 
18(51,  and  when,  with  the  tiring  upon  Fort 
Suiriter  and  the  call  foi  ninety  days'  troop>,  he 
was  among  the  first  to  respond  and  enlisted  in 
the  Independent  (!ompany  of  CJaptain  Tozior. 
(loing  at  once  to  the  front  they  were  engaged 
in  the  first  battle  of  I'ull  Ivnn.  After  the  e.\- 
])iration  of  his  discharge  he  went  to  Adrian, 
Michigan,  and  there  re-enlisted  for  three  years 
in  Company  B,  Ninth  Michigan  (Javalry,  and 
was  appointed  Sergeant,  Colonel  Loomis  in 
command.  They  were  sent  to  Kentucky  and 
passed  oiu^  year  scouting  and  hunting  the  gue- 
rillas. They  then  joined  Ceneral  Shcrmau  in  his 
march  to  the  sea.  Mr.  Abrams  being  di.'tailed 
to  the  Commissary  I)i  partment  and  subse- 
iiuently  joined  his  company  at  Ualeigh,  .North 
("aroliiia.  The  regiment  ])erformed  an  active 
part  in  following  Niorgan  upon  his  raid  through 
the  interior,  and  for  three  days  covered  an  aver 
age  distance  of  seventy  miles  each  day  without 
change  of  horses.  Continuing  ti^  the  close  of 
the  war  they  were  discharged  at  Charlotte, 
Xorth  Carolina,  in  18G5. 

Mr.  Abrams  then  retiiriU'd  to  Peny  and  in 
18()()  was  married  in  (!old  Water,  Michigan,  to 
Miss  Fannie  E.  Bullord  and  settled  there  and 
entered  the  merchandise  business  with  his 
father.  Iu  LSfi?  he  made  a  trip  to  Oregon,  and 
in  18f58   went  to  Eugei.e  for   permanent  settle- 


w 


HISTOIIY     OF    OREGON. 


770 


meiit  and  engnped  al  his  trade  as  contractor  and 
builder,  in  1M7()  lit;  riMitt^d  water  power  and 
liuilding  and  started  tlie  firft  planinfi-niill  iiiid 
Ka^ii  factory  in  Enf;eiie,  iiiui  in  1872  erecte<l  ii 
fraiiiu  liiiildiiif;,  60  x  74  on  Kif^litli  street,  eant 
of  tlie  tnill-race  and  fitted  it  witii  steam  jiower 
and  jjroper  niaciiiiierv  tor  niilliiii;  [xirposes.  lie 
conducted  tlie  l)usiness  until  188-i,  when  he  >old 
out  and  resumed  his  trade  of  contractor.  In 
1887  he  entered  into  partnership  with  L.  N. 
UoiU^y.  and  they  erected  many  of  the  |)roininent 
buildings  of  the  city.  This  partnership  con- 
tinued for  two  years.  Since  ISSt)  Mr.  At)raii)s 
has  been  enfiaged  in  otherenterprises.  In  1882 
he  bei.'an  tlu*  nnunifactiire  of  apjile  cider  for 
bottling  and  vinegar,  in  wliicli  h"  lias  lieeii  very 
pueeesstul,  supplying  the  wholesale  trade.  In 
1891  he  was  among  tiie  incorporators  of  the 
Kngene  Canning  it  Packing  Company  for  the 
canning  and  drying  of  green  fruits  and  vege- 
tables,  and  in  1892  was  elected  superintendent 
of  the  ci)inpany.  Their  plant  is  well  e(juipeil 
with  eighty-horse  power  iioiler  and  a  ])atent 
dryer,  with  capacity  of  4(),(H)0  pounds  of  green 
fruit  every  twenty-four  hours. 

The  family  resides  on  Ninth  street,  east  side, 
where  Mr.  .\br.anis  has  just  comj)leted  a  large 
and  haiulsome  residence.  He  also  owns  other 
valuable  property  in  town  and  vicinity.  He  is 
a  meinber  of  blue  lodge  and  chajiter,  F.  A:  .\. 
M..  and  J.  W.  (ieary  Post,  (i.  A.  11.  He  is 
an  active  laborer  of  the  Uepiiblican  Jiarty  in 
committee  work,  and  energetic  promoter  of  the 
interests  of  Kugeue. 

Mrs.  Abrains  died  in  1877,  leaving  three 
children:  Minnie,  now  Mrs.  C.  J.  Howard; 
Tom  and  (rrace.  Two  years  later  ^[r.  Abrains 
was  married  at  Perry,  New  York,  to  ^liss  ^Vlico 
K.  Auckland. 

fAPTAIN  (iKOKGE  W.  LIOYT,  acustom- 
house  l)roker,  Portlaiul,  Oregon,  forms  the 
subject  of  this  article. 
The  aiu'estors  of  (Japtain  Hoyt  were  num- 
bered among  the  Puritan  settlers  of  iN'ew  Einf- 
larid,  who  located  in  Mew  Hampshire,  and  fol- 
lowed lives  of  honesty  and  sobriety,  engaged  in 
agricultur.il  })urBuit8.  His  parents,  Richard 
anil  Mary  (Cutler)  Hoyt,  emigrated  to  Albany, 
New  York,  about  1S27,  where  the  father  con- 
tinued work  at  the  sadilh'rs'  trade,  and  also  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  trunks,   whicli  he 


conducted  very  extensively  for  many  years.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hoyt  had  seven  children,  only  one 
of  whom,  lleiiiy  L.,  is  now  living,  (ieoige  W. 
having  died  Septeni.ber  U,  1892;  liichard  Hoyt, 
the  eldest  son,  first  visited  the  Paciiic  coa.-t  and 
Oregon  in  184fj,  cuming  to  this  State  us  first 
mate  of  the  bark  Whitton,  loadi  d  with  a  gen- 
eral cargo,  and  having  a  number  of  mi.-siuiiarius 
as  passengers.  He  timii  returned  to  Mew  York, 
and  again  came  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  18-1'J, 
this  time  coming  as  Cajitain  of  the  bark  .lolin 
W.  Carter,  owned  by  Fernaudu  Wood,  and 
loaded  with  a  cargo  of  general  merchandise  to 
supply  the  wants  of  the  early  gold  seekers. 
.After  selling  cargo  and  bark,  he  engaged  as 
Captain  of  the  steamboat  .Miner,  which  ran 
between  San  Francisco  any  Marysville.  In 
1851  he  came  to  Oregon,  purchased  the 
steamboat  Multnoinah,  and  ran  it  between  Port- 
land and  Astoria,  carrying  ])asseugers  and  the 
I'nited  States  mail.  In  this  he  continiKil  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death  in  18(i2. 

(ieorge  W.  Hoyt  wa.<  born  in  Albany,  New- 
York,  in  1828.  lie  was  educated  in  that  city, 
and  was  there  em])loyed  as  frame  imiker  in  u 
lotiking-glass  manufactory  until  1851,  when  he, 
too,  .struck  out  for  the  I'acific  coast,  coining  by 
steamer  and  the  Isthmus  route,  and  landing  in 
due  time  at  San  Fiancisco.  Pi'oceeding  at 
once  to  the  mines,  he  followed  mining  about 
one  yeai',  and  then  came  to  I'ortland.  Here  ho 
was  employed  as  \vharfkee|ier  by  his  brother 
Richard,  and  subsequently  purchased  an  inter- 
est in  the  steamboat  E.vpniss,  wdiich  ran  be- 
tween Portland  and  Oregon  City,  engaged  in 
pa.-senger  and  freight  service.  C'aptain  Hoyt 
then  a»sumed  the  ihities  of  purser,  and  was  so 
employed  until  18()1,  when  he  went  to  the  Idaho 
mines.  After  a  year's  absence  and  with  li'tl" 
success,  he  returned  to  Portland,  and  entered 
the  employ  of  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation 
Company,  as  freight  receiver,  which  position 
he  filled  until  1890.  He  then  entered  the 
cnsiomlionse  brokenige  bu,-iness  with  his  broth- 
er Henry,  and  was  engaged  in  this  until  his 
recent  death. 

He  was  married  in  .\Uiany,  .\e\v  Yuik,  De- 
cember, 18f)5,  to  Aliss  Martha  A.  (iraliam.  They 
have  three  children:  (George  \V.,  Jr.,  Martha  a!, 
and  Fanny  Graham.  They  reside  at  153  North 
Fifteenth  street,  Portland,  where  the  ('aptaiii 
built  his  attractive  home  in  1882.  He  also 
owned  other  valuable  improved  property  ad- 
joining it. 


780 


HISTOUY    OF    OltKIIO.y. 


i§ 


m''. 


C'uptuiii  lloyt  Ims  tliH  coiiiiiutnilHtioii  hikI  ec- 
teuin  of  the  Coiiim unity  in  wliicli  Ik;  lived,  iiiid 
WHS  a  man  nf  i'iprisL'rvati\e  priMci|ilt'ij  and  un- 
biased judjfMii'iit,  and  as  sueli  had  served  upon 
flie  reform  ticket  for  tiirie  years  as  Council- 
num  for  the  oity  of   I'orthmJ. 


»-4>'}-q;» 


A.MKS  DART.  -Tne  fientkiuau  most  in- 
terested in  tliis  l)riof  mention  is  a  native  of 
the  old  world,  and  dates  his  birth  at  l)evon- 
slure,  Knghiud,  May  IH,  l>i41.  His  parents 
were  .lohn  and  Mary  (I'arsons)  Dart,  both  of 
Enj^lish  birth,  and  they  reared  a  family  of  nine 
children.  Kii^ht  years  after  the  birth  of  (jur 
subject,  the  eldest  cliihl,  the  family  left  Kufj- 
land,  and  emigrated  to  America,  locating  in 
Canada.  (Jur  subject  was  reared  and  educated 
in  the  Dominion  of  Cmada.  and  there  serveij 
an  apprenlicesliip  to  tlie  trade  of  carpenter  and 
builder,  which  he  followed  for  some  months  at 
Victoria. 

At  a  later  dati:  our  subject  removed  to  Seat- 
tle, and  then  to  Olyinpia,  Wasliington,  where 
he  remained  until  tiie  year  187(1.  when  he 
located  at  St.  Helen.  lie  was  engajjcd  ns  su- 
perintendent of  the  force  which  ])repared  tlic 
timber  that  forms  the  extensive  mill  now  owned 
l)V  the  Miickle  Brotliers  at  tiie  rebuilding  of  the 
mill,  the  former  one  havintr  been  destroyed  by 
fire.  Mr.  Dart  was  one  of  the  stockholders  of 
the  inill  until  IHl'ii.  at  which  time  the  properly 
passed  into  other  hands,  but  iie  still  retains  the 
position  of  foremaii  of  the  whole  plant,  lie 
lost  heavily  in  the  enterprise  at  the  time  of  the 
sale,  but  this  in  some  degree  he  has  been  able 
to  overcome,  by  dint  of  hard  work  and  good 
management.  He  has  since  that  time  accunin- 
hileii  considerable  city  jiroperty.  and  also  owns 
lUO  acres  of  land  near  Sca])poose  bay,  foi'ly 
acres  of  which  is  imjiroved  land. 

The  St.  Helen's  property  consists  of  some 
forty  city  lots,  and  Mr.  Dart  now  has  consider- 
able commercial  standing  in  this  city.  Our 
subject  has  been  twice  married.  In  1S73  he 
was  married  to  Miss  I.ucy  Boiiser,  a  native  of 
this  State,  who  died  in  1S78,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren. Mary  H.  and  .lohn  H.  The  |)resent  .Mrs. 
Dart  was  Ellen  I'ei'rv,  imd  two  childi-en  have 
been  boiTi  of  this  mari'iage,  (Jrace   and    liei'tha. 

Mr.  Dart  was  naturalized  in  1872.  and  has 
served  as  (  ounty  SherifT  three  successive  terms. 


He  was  elected  County  Clerk  in  IH78,  and  tilled 
that  oltice  two  years,  anil  at  the  jiresent  time  is 
a  member  of  the  City  Council.  In  political 
nnitters  he  is  allied  with  the  DtMnocrats  in  the 
progressive  wing,  and  takes  a  deej)  interest  in 
the  affairs  (jf  the  mition.  Socially  he  afliliatea 
with  the  A.  F.  ik  \.  M..  Lodge  .N'o.  .-52,  and  he 
has  held  all  of  the  minoi'  offices  of  the  order. 
Mr.  Dart  is  a  man  of  strict  i)usini's-i  qu.'ditica- 
tions,  and  keeps  abreast  of  thetimes.  being  (u-er 
I'cady  to  aid  and  encourage  jiublic  enterprises 
wliich  have  feu-  their  object  the  advancement  of 
the  city  and  country. 

fr(iK\K  C.  TirCillKS  is  a  mitiv^.  of  Ore- 
gon. boiMi  in  Washington  county,  at  Idrest 
<irove.  on  the  12th  day  of  .Inly.  1802. 
His  father,  Samuel  Hughes,  is  an  honoreil  pio- 
neer  of  Oregon,  Iniving  com(>  to  the  Territory  in 
18-15.  He  was  born  in  .Vtchison  county.  Mis- 
souri, .in  1835.  Thi'ir  great-grandfather  came 
from  England,  and  three  generations  ha\e  been 
born  in  .Vmerica.  He  mari'ied  in  Washington 
county.  (  >regon.  a  Miss  (ieiirgii'  .\.  Reeil,  a  lui- 
li\e  of  Missouri  and  the  <hmgliter  of  Mr.  Will- 
iam Ueed,  a  worthy  pioneer  of  Oregon.  Ihey 
settled  in  Eor(^<t  (trove,  and  he  worked  at  the 
blacksmith  ti'ade  for  many  years.  He  was  an 
industrious,  honest  man.  and  he  snceeecliMl  so 
Well  that  he  openeil  an  agi'icultural  implement 
store  in  1877.  He  succeede<l  in  this  also,  and 
became  one  of  the  most  intlnentiid  men  in  the 
county.  He  serveil  as  member  of  the  lioanl  of 
Tux  Commissioners,  which  board  was  coniposed 
of  the  representative  men  of  the  eoiintv.  He 
nine  cliildreii,  of  whom  seven  are  living. 

Eugene  C.  Hughes  is  the  eldest  of  the  sur- 
viving eliildren  ami  was  raised  and  edneateil  in 
Washington  county.  He  is  a  very  good  sample 
of  the  nniny  intelligent  and  enti-rpi'ising  busi- 
ness men  that  Oregon  has  produced  and  of  whom 
she  is  justly  proud.  .Mr.  Hughes  attended  the 
University  of  Forest  (irove,  anil  he  took  a  course 
at  the  Fortlanil  business  College.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  business  with  his  father,  under  tlie 
firm  name  of  Hughes  iVr  Son,  at  Forest  (Jrove. 
In  1SS8  he  was  selecfeil  as  the  candidate  id'  the 
Ike|iubliean  party  for  County  Clerk.  He  was 
elected  and  is  now  in  his  fourth  yeai'.  He  has 
made  a  very  honorable  record  aiid  has  proved 
himself  a  capable  and  faithful  otHcer.  The  grand 


ni STORY    OF   OltmON. 


7M 


jlll'V  rcci'iitly  iiivcstii^ralt'd  tlii'  clerk '«  (itHcc  jis 
fur  liack  as  i87(!,  iiml  rcportiMl  tliat  Mi-.  Uiiirlics 
had  coiidiictt'd  the  dllici'  in  a  must  criMlitiilik: 
iiiuiiiicr  and  tliat  liis  liooks  lialaiiccd  cNactly. 
'I'licy  toiik  ]il('asni-f.  so  tlicy  said.  In  cuiiinuMid- 
iiiir  tile  ciiiidiicl  iif  s(i  faitlifnl  an  nlHcial.  Mr. 
II  nirlii'>  lias  introducfcl  s('\('rai  new  lioiiks  ami 
mctlidds  III'  kirjiin^i  tluMn  (hiring;  hir.  term,  thus 
i^reatly  iinin-.  .  inir  the  system.  He  is  u  ^uod 
])ennnin  and  has  taken  irreat  pride  in  liis  work 
dnrinji  his  tei-m  as  Clerk  lie  is  a  partner  in 
tlic  firm  111'  Ihii^Jies,  M(jroan  ic  IJoirue.  1,'enerai 
nierehau(ii>e  (lealei'>  in  IIill>horo.  He  is  inter- 
ested in  several  vahiahle  lamls.  lioth  in  the  eity 
and  county.  He  joined  with  Mes.-rs.  Moi'irim 
iVr  liailey  in  imildiiij,'  the  tiiie-t  hrick  hlock  in 
the  city  of  Ililisiioro,  and  it  i>  a  cre(lit  to  the 
city  and  to  tlie  liuilders.  it  is  a  model  for  fn- 
tur(<  hnildinjjs  and  evinces  the  enterprise  and 
puhlic  spirit  of  its  hnitdeis. 

He  was  married  on  March  'J,  1881,  to  Mary 
.M.  Smith,  of  Wasliinirton  countv.  'I'liev  have 
five  children,  namely:  .\l\ira  K.,  .\nna  May, 
Lucella  Jay,  Itlioila  Helen  and  Thomas  Kii^ene. 
^[r.  Ilniflies  i~  an  active  memher  of  the  I'".  iV: 
A.  M.  and  is  I'ast  Master  of  his  lodoe. 

Such  is  hut  a  hrief  sketch  of  one  of  the  sfiii> 
of  Wa^hineton  county.  He  has  made  a  record 
ill  all  he  has  attempted  and  is  a  son  of  whom 
not  only  \Vasliin<ftoii  county  nniy  he  proud,  hut 
one  to  whom  Orcffou  herself  may  jioiut  with 
jiride  and  claim,  as  one  of  her  |iopnlaranil  rejire- 
sentative  sons. 

tON.  GKORGE  II.  WHJJ.AMS,  one  of 
()refi;on"s  most  talented  and  honored  piu- 
iitiurs,  wa.s  born  in  Columhiii  county.  New 
York,  on  March  '2(i,  1823.  I  lis  father!^  Taher 
D.  Williams,  was  born  in  Connecticut.  The 
family  is  of  Welsh  origin,  and  came  to  New 
Enj,'laiid  in  the  early  history  of  the  colonies, 
settling  in  Connecticut.  His  maternal  grand- 
father, Noah  (loodricli,  fought  for  independence 
from  the  battle  of  lUinker  Hill  to  the  surrender 
of  Lord  Ci/rnwnllis.  His  paternal  grandfather, 
Edward  li.  Williams,  served  as  a  valiant  soldier 
in  the  continental  army,  participating  in  its 
battles,  and  endtiring  inanfnlly  its  hardships 
iind  privations.  Following  in  direct  descent, 
from  two  such  patriotic  aTicestois,  our  subject 
conies  naturally  by  hi.s   loyalty   to  the  Govern- 

4B 


nient,  the  cause  of  which  he  has  always  espoused 
most  ardently.  His  father  nnirricd  Miss  Lydia 
Goodrich,  whose  jieople  ha<l  einiiirated  e(jually 
early  to  New  Entjland.  They  had  two  childicn, 
both  surviving.  Oiir  subject  was  raised  in 
Onondaga  (bounty,  .New  Vork,  and  received  his 
i(lneati(Mi  at  the  academy  on  I'lnnpry  Hill.  He 
afterward  stuiiied  law  with  the  Hon.  Daniel 
Gott,  who  was  one  (d'  the  prominent  men  of  that 
time,  beinj;  a  member  of  Congress  and  a  candi- 
date for  Supreme  .Iiidgu  of  the  State.  In  1841, 
when  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  was  adnntted 
to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  State.  He  then 
moved  to  Fort  Mailison  in  the  Territory  of 
lona,  where  he  begun  the  practice  of  law.  In 
lS-17,  at  the  tirs  lection  held  under  the  State 
(Jovernment,  he  was  elect(?d  .Inlge  of  the  First 
Judicial  District.  After  -serving  in  this  capac- 
ity for  five  years,  he  declined  re-election.  In 
18r)'2  he  was  one  of  the  eloctor>  ;.,  largo  on  the 
Democratic  ti(d<et,  and  canvassed  the  State  for 
Fraid<lin  Fierce.  .Vfter  the  election,  Fresident 
Fierce  a|ipointed  him  Chief  .fustice  of  Oregon, 
and  he  removed  with  his  family  to  that  Terri- 
tory, residing  first  in  Salem.  After  serving  as 
Chief  Justice  for  four  years,  he  was  reajipointod 
by  Fresident  Buchanan,  and  served  another 
year,  when  he  resigned.  He  then  came  to  Fort- 
land,  in  l8r)8,  where  he  began  the  ])ractice  of 
law.  He  was  elected  soon  after  '■>  the  ("on- 
stitutional  Convention,  and  was  a  member  and 
chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee.  ^Many 
leaders  of  his  party,  the  Democratic,  in  the  con- 
vention, were  in  favor  of  nutking  <  )regon  a  slave 
■^tate,  but  against  that  he  took  decided  grounds, 
and  the  question  was  submitted  to  the  people 
separately.  The  Judge  used  his  intluence  and 
voice  in  favor  of  a  free  State,  and  the  pro- slavery 
element  w.as  defeated,  init  his  influence  in  his 
party  was  greatly  impaired.  When  the  seces- 
sion movement  was  inaugurated  he  dissolved 
his  connection  with  the  Democratic  party,  and 
helped  to  form  the  Union  party,  by  which  ho 
was  elected  in  180)4  to  the  Unite(l  States  .senate. 
He  took  his  seat  in  the  Senate  at  the  end  of  the 
great  civil  war,  and  a  joint  committee  of  the  two 
houses,  consisting  of  thirteen  members,  of  which 
Judge  Williams  was  one,  was  formed  to  examine 
and  report  upon  matters  pertaining  to  the  re- 
construction of  the  Union.  A  large  amount  of 
testimony  was  taken,  and  various  measures  dis- 
cussed by  the  committee,  without  coming  to  any 
definite  conclusion.  In  the  meantime,  Fresident 
Andrew  .fohnson  was  proceeding,  independently 


tfW 


r  ?!i' 


7R2 


HISTORY    OF    OliKnON. 


.  I 


1)1'  ("onirresn,  tn  n'i)ii';iiii/i'  tlic  iinolteil  Sttites, 
1)}' rc'iiistiitiiii;  ill  jiowim' tlic  Iciiili'is  of  the  Ucl)ell- 
ion.  On  tlic  4tli  ol'  Miiivli,  lsti7,  .IiuJge 
AVilliiiiiis  iiitroiliiucd  in  tiie  iSi'imte  u  bill,  un- 
titled. A  l)ill  i'or  till'  iiiiprc  fllicient  (4()vcrmnunt 
(if  till'  Stuti'.s  liitflv  ill  rclii'llii)ii,  wliicli,  iii'tor 
liciii;.,' iinirliilel,  was  |jii."slm1  liy  liotli  Houses  of 
Coiijrruss,  lint  was  vctocil  Ky  tlio  l'ii'.-.iilunt.  It 
wiis  lliLMi  hiiHsiMJ  over  his  veto,  and  the  States 
were  rueoiistriieteil  under  it,  and  were  restored 
to  harinonioiifi  relations  with  the  Government. 
Several  other  iinjiortaiit  ineiisiires  were  'ntro- 
diieed  hy  him,  and  durinj,'  his  serviee  in  tlic 
Senate,  lie  distiiif^nished  himself  as  n  stiitesinan 
of  aliility  and  liuimr  to  his  State.  Soon  iifler 
his  term  in  the  Senate,  he  was  appointed  one 
of  tlie  Jidnt  IIi;,'h  Commissioners,  to  settle,  hy 
treaty  with  (treat  nritiiin,  the  Alahama  claims, 
and  other  disputed  (jiiestions  hetwecii  the  two 
countries,  in  which  capacity  he  also  rendered 
the  country  vidiiahle  eervice.  In  December, 
1H1\.,  lie  received  the  a|ipoiiitineiit.  from  Presi- 
dent (irant.  of  Attorney-lieneral  of  the  United 
States.  When  he  came  intii  otHce,  the  Ku-Klux 
Clan  and  other  similar  oryiinizations  in  the 
South  had  organized  to  deprive  the  Union  and 
colored  citizens  of  that  section  of  their  political 
riifhts.  and  the  vij^orous  measures  adopted  by 
the  Attoriiey-(ieneral  for  their  suppression,  and 
the  protection  of  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  broiii;ht  upon  him  great  hostility  ironi 
the  party  opposed  to  the  Administration.  In 
1873,  I'resiilent  (.irant.  ajipreciatinir  his  ability 
and  service  to  the  country,  sought  to  again  honor 
him,an<l,  u[)on  the  death  of  Chief  Justice  Chase, 
noniinated  him  for  ('liief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  Judge  AV'illiams 
discovered  that  there  was  opposition  in  the 
Senate  to  his  confirmation,  and  reijuested  the 
I'resident  to  withdi'aw  his  name,  wliich  he  did. 
After  attending  to  some  legal  business  in  Wash- 
ington, he  returned  to  the  city  of  Portland,  re- 
suming the  practice  of  his  profession. 

He  was  married,  in  1850,  to  ^liss  Kate  Van 
Antwerj),  daughter  of  General  Verplank  Van 
■\iitwerp.  Tliey  had  one  daughter,  Ellen  W. 
His  wife  died  in  LSfil.  Some  years  afterward 
he  married  Mrs.  Kate  (ieorge,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Hoss  15.  Hughes,  of  Iowa.  They  have  an  adopted 
daughter,  Kthel  II. 

The  Judge  has  invested  considerably  in  city 
property,  and  ha-;  built  a  handsome  residence 
on  the  corner  of  Seventeenth  and  C  streets, 
wli.-re   lio   now   resides.     lie   is   interested  in 


various  enterprises,  is  a  director  of  the  (Com- 
mercial National  Hank  and  of  the  ( tregon 
National  I'ank,  and  owns  btock  in  most  of  the 
pulilic  iinileitakings  of  the  city. 

Having  had  so  many  lionoral)le  indorsers  of 
his  abilities,  fiiither  comment  on  that  point 
would  be  superllous,  except  to  aild  that  his 
numerous  aiimible  traits  of  character,  not  always 
necessarily  combined  with  intellectual  ability, 
have  endeared  him  to  a  large  constituency  and 
a  host  of  personal  friends. 


|KV.  (iKOlKiK  C.  ClIANDi.KU,  ;,  promi- 
nent ISaptift  minister  of  <  h'egon,  came  to 
the  'I'erritory  in  1851,  and  spent  his  life 
in  the  M'l'vice  of  his  Ma.-ter,  teaidiilig  and  sjiread- 
ing  the  knowledge  of  the  gospel  in  the  interest 
of  his  church.  lie  is  of  Knglish  descent,  Will- 
iam Cliiindler  lia\iiig  come  from  Yorkshire, 
I'jigliiml,  wlio>e  >on,  Thomas,  located  in  .Viidnxcr, 
MasMichusetts,  from  whom  Henry,  the  father  of 
oiii' subject,  was  indirect  descent,  he  being  born 
in  .Ma>sachusetts,  while  the  family  of  the  late 
President  Rutherford  H.  llayi's  are  al><)  de- 
scended from  the  same  ancestor. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born  in  Chester, 
X'erniont,  March  19,  ISOT.  and  was  educated  at 
.MadiM)!!  Iniversitv,  of  which  he  was  a  grad- 
uate, after  which  he  graduated  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Seininarv  in  1838. 

In  September,  1838,  he  married  Miss  j'ersis  W. 
Ileald,  a  native  also  of  Chester,  N'ermont.  They 
soon  afterward  removed  to  Indianapolis,  Indiana, 
where  he  was  pastor  of  the  I'aptist  Chur<'li  fr(Uii 
1839  until  1813.  He  (hen  removed  to  Franklin, 
Indiana,  where  he  was  |iresideiit  of  l''raiiklin 
College  and  pastor  of  the  church  at  that  jioiiit, 
remaining  there  seven  years.  In  ilie  spring  of 
1851  he  came  across  the  plains  with  oxen  to 
(  h'egon,  stopping  one  year  at  ( )i'egoii  City,  and  six 
years  in  the  Alollalla  country,  then  in  1858  lo- 
catinir  at  McMinnville,  where  he  tauirht  in  the 
college  at  that  place,  and  besides  this  continued 
to  jireach.  In  1872  he  came  to  Forest  (irove, 
where  he  purchased  a  residence,  and  where  for 
two  years  he  preached  in  the  several  l!a|iti.  t 
churches  of  Washington  county.  At  the  einl  of 
this  time  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  uftei' 
which  he  ceased  preaching,  but  survived  until 
January,  1881,  when  his  death  occurred.  He 
wu^  a    man    of   education  ami  ability,  a  lo\  ing. 


iiisTonr  (//■•  (ihkhos. 


tm 


kiinl-licartcd  ('Iirictiiiii  iiml  [lolishcd  aiiil  i'cHiumI 
^('Mtlciiiiiii.  Hi-  fVifiiil>  wfiT  iiiiiiirniiis  mill 
\vi(li's|)r('Mil,  nil  (>r  wliciiii  wi'i'c  iiiiiiuiiiKHi^  in 
iiiiinMiiiiK  lii>  lo^s.  Ki'diii  tilt'  ( '(liiiiiiiiiiin  ('ill- 
icit' lit'  ri't'i'ivcil  tilt'  lioimniry  ilfiii'i'i'  nl'  A.  M., 
wliili'  Knirikliii  ( 'iiilfi^f  fdiit'fri'fil  mi  liiiii  tiif 
•    tillt'iif  I).  1). 

Mr.  1111(1  Mi'>.  ('imiicjlt'i'  liiiil  si'Nfii  cliijili't'ii : 
liiiiTfii  Stdw  (lifil,  ujTfil  II  yt'iir  mid  a  liall';  Kd- 
wai'd  K.  is  pasldi'  (if  11  l!ii|ifist  ("Inii'cli  in  Wav- 
rcii,  Uliiidc  Island,  and  a  j^'radliatc  ul'  tlic  Class 
(if  ISOy,  (jf  till' Tliciil(ir.ical  ScliiJdl  at  Cliica^rd; 
•liilia  ('.  is  thf  wil't'dt'  Vt .  Lair  Mill,  wIk.  was  for 
>('\i'ral  ycai's  itli'^.ir  of  the  <  )ri'tf(iiiimi ;  Sarali  is 
till'  widiiw  of  Nrarioii  K.  Iiolifrts;  Mary  is  the  wiff 
of  .1.  ( '.  ( 'lurk,  and  livuH  lit  tlif  Dalit's;  Arthur 
( '.  is  a  farint'r,  rt'sidiinr  nt  McMininillc;  Will- 
iam I',  died  at  tilt' ao;(' (if  t\Vfiity-si\  years. and  liin 
widow  iiiid  cliiliircn  roidc  with  Mrs  ( 'handler. 
Many  years  ai^o  Mr.  ('handler  |iiireliasei|  150 
iit'i't's  adjoiniii;^  McMinnvilli',  wjiidi  has  since 
hei'oini'  very  \alnalilt'  as  residt'iice  iimiK'rty, 
iinti  whifh  Sirs.  Chandler  rt'et'iitly  Iiik!  [ilatttxl 
into  lots  as  Chandler's  .Vddition  to  McMinnvilht. 
This  has  sold  exceedintjly  well,  and  she  liiis  real- 
ized from  these  sales  a  niiicli  needed  and  ample 
income.  She  is,  altoe('tlier,  a  remarkalile  |iei'- 
son,  |iossessiiie;  iiniisnal  intellii^eiice  and  loirieal 
jndirinelit,  is  well  informed  and  gifted  with  jileas- 
iii(;  coin  t'rsational  ahility.  She  en  joys  the  esteem 
of  a  lar^e  commiiiiity.  .Vs  an  evidence  of  tlie 
eoiiraife  retjnired  of  women  in  the  early  jiioiu'er 
days,  may  he  cited  the  fact  that  Mrs.  Chandler 
was  often  left  alone  at  nieht  with  her  infant 
children  on  the  lonely  |)rairit's,  with  notiiinif  Init 
a  liiilfido  rohe  for  a  door,  and  that  at  a  time 
when  the  country  was  infested  with  de|)rediitinij 
trilies  of  Indians.  It  is  to  such  wcineii  the  Na- 
tion tiwen  atrihnteof  ifratitnile,  as  they  tmil  their 
families  posticss  in  niiniatiM'e  all  the  elements 
to  iroinix  form  a  State, —  coiiraife,  fortitude,  jnile;- 
int'iit,  iierseverance,  economy  and  toil.  sii|i|ile- 
menteil  and  overshadowed  liy  a  :»ii|)renie  and  all 
perMidini;  piety  and  lielief  in  an  overnilinii' 
'roviilence. 


r. 


fOIIN  J.  1I.\KTMAN.  a  pro.sperons  farmer 
and  an  enterprisintj  citizen  of  "^'am  Mill 
county,  Ort'tron,  is  a  native  of  j.iviiiirston 
county.  New  York,  where  he  was  horn  in  1825. 
His  father,  Henry  llartiuiin,is  h  native  of  I'enn- 


sylvaniii,  mid  of  (ierinun  descent,  his  ancestors 
haviiiir  heen  early  settlers  of  the  Keystone  Slate. 
Henry  ilartinaii  accompanied  his  |iareiit'-  to 
.\ew  Vork.  wlie|i  he  wiis  a  lioy.  ami  there  he 
was  reared  anil  educated,  and  alteruard  married 
Miss  I'ili/.alietli  /.erfass,  who  \\a>  a  iiatiM'  of 
I'eimsylMinia,  and  i ''  (iermmi  descent.  They 
had  fourteen  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy, the  rest  attaining  maturity,  of  whom  ten 
still  ^-llr^•i\t■,  two  li\iii^  in  (>rei,nin. 

In  1852  the  siiliject  of  niir  sketch  came  lo 
( 'iilihirnia,  \  ill  the  Isthmus,  first  eojnjj;  to  ited 
111 II If.  where  he  worked  on  a  farm.  (In  llie 
loth  of  the  folldwiiio-  .laiinary,  he  reliirned  lo 
his  home  in  western  New  ^  ork,  iio;aiii  retiirninj^ 
ro  California  on  (tctoher  5,1855.  (•oniiiin,  as 
formerly.  Iiy  way  of  the  Istliiniis.  lie  wa-  for 
some  time  enjjaiied  in  niinine-  in  I'lacer  coiiniy. 
when,  finally,  in  1858.  he  went  In  the  l''i'iiser 
river,  which  he  left  soini  after,  in  .Viionst.  his 
work  there  liii\  ilijr  lu'eii  a  failure.  It  was  at 
this  time  that  he  came  liy  way  of  I'iie;t't  sound 
to  I'ortland.  Orei^on.  whence  he  went  to  Tiiuli- 
tiii  jilaiiis,  ill  Washinijton  comity,  where  he 
worked  for  waijesdiirinir  harvest  time,  lie  then, 
in  iiartnership,  funned  2(H)  acres  of  wheat  on 
shares,  which  pindiiced  twenty-five  Imsliels  to 
file  acre;  the  oats  failed  through  the  whole  val- 
ley. They  receiM'tl  85  cents  fur  what  oats  they 
raised,  and  the  wheat  liroiieht  S1.25  a  linsliei. 
Mr.  Uartman  held  his  share  until  sprine.  receiv- 
inir  only  §1.10  a  hiishel.  This,  however,  o;ave 
him  a  little  start,  and.  in  the  sprinif  of  18()().  lie 
returned  with  his  lirotlier.  M.  V.  Uartman.  to 
California.  They  went  to  the  mines,  hiit  hud 
no  luck,  .iiiil  worked  thrmiifh  hayiiii;  and  liur- 
vt'sf.  ami  in  the  fall  returned  to  ( )re^fon,  coni- 
iiiuto  Yam  II  ill  county,  where  he  rented  the  lii\t'r- 
side  farm,  which  lies  northeast  of  McMinnville. 
Here  the  siihject  of  oiir  sketch  remained  for 
three  years,  meeting  witli  very  jri-eat  siu'ces.s. 

In  18Pi4  lie  went  to  his  iirotlier  in  Wiishinijton 
county,  where  they  farmed  for  another  three 
years,  and  with  the  same  flatterinir  success. 
They  then,  in  1807.  |iurcliaseil  a  place  near 
llillslioro,  which  they  farmed  successfully  until 
1871.  .Vfter  this  Mr.  llartmaii  was  enoaifed  in 
the  mereuntile  liusiness  in  McMiniiville.  inider 
the  firm  name  of  Hartman  lirofhers.  which, 
after  seven  years,  he  sold  out  to  his  lirotlier.  He 
then  purchused  a  farm,  which  he  ussidnolisly 
cultivated  and  i^reatly  iiii|)ro'-ed.  and  also,  in  the 
meantime,  rented  .loliu  (i.  linker's  farm,  which 


he    worked  for  four    years,  makiliv;^ 


"'erivhle 


■  spi  I 


7«l 


lIItiTORY    OF    OBSOON. 


iiMiiic\-.  Ill  ISSK  lir  crcclcil  a  ^iili>taiitiiil  resi- 
dence on  Ills  liiiul,  iiiiil  iiixi  CDiiiiiiiKlious  ^lu'lis 
I'or  liis  irr.ilw  1111(1  .-liicl;.  'I'lie  |ir(i|iertv  cost  liiiii 
$3")  all  acre,  ami  is  ikiw  worth  stiO,  wliicli  is  a 
llatteriiiH:  tcstiiiioiiial  l:i  liis  lliril'tv  iiiaiian-eiiu'iit. 
lie  is  a  iiio-l  lA.-ellciil  rariiier,  anil  llie  wlioK- 
place  testilies  In  that  I'act,  lieilii;-  neat  ami  llolir- 
isliine.  lie  now  nwn>  l-tC)  acres  of  the  liest 
tilleil  rarniin^  land  in  the  county. 

Ill  1^71  he  married  Miss  Kachel  S.  Wisecar- 
\'er,  an  estiinahle  ladv.  and  a  native  of  West  \  ir- 
einia.  She  is  the  daiiuhter  ol'  Mr.  .laeoh  Wise- 
carvel',  a  well  kiio>' n  and  hieiilv  resjiected  citi- 
zen ol'  this  vicinity  (see  his  history  in  this  hooU). 
Tliev  have  three  |iroiiiisiii^  cliildl'elL,  all  of  whom 
were  horn  in  Vain  Hill  comity:  Klizaheth  .lane, 
iloliii  W.  and  Harry  (i.,  all   residinir  at  lioine. 

Mr.  Ilartnian  was  ri'ared  a  Democrat,  hut  at 
the    hreakino'    otit  of  the  war   hecame  a  stroiiir 

r*  .  rs 

rnioii  man,  and  voted  for  ^^r.  r,incoln;  since 
then  he  has  heeii  a  lie|)uhlieaii.  His  constitu- 
ents have  shown  their  appreciation  liy  electinjr 
him  to  the  City  Council,  and  thrice  elwtiiiir  him 
to  tlio  retiponsihle  position  of  City  Treasurer,  in 
both  of  which  caiiacitie--  he  proved  his  ability 
and    iiiteority. 

Mrs.  Hartinaii  is  a  worthy  niemher  of  the 
Christian  Ghnrcii.  to  tlie  support  of  which  she 
contrilnites.  hotii  of  her  influence  and  means. 

Ofirreat  reliahilify  and  istrict  iiiteifrity,  iii- 
dustriiius  and  ecoiioinicai.  and  cordial  to  nil,  lu! 
lias  risen  to  promineiicf  in  hiisiness.  iind  ^aiiie<l 
the  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 


,()N.  WILLIAM  Sl'EXCEll  NEWP.URV, 
e.\- Mayor  ol'  Oregon's  heautiful  metropo- 
lis, and  a  diBtiiifTuished  jurist,  is  a  native 
of  llipley.  New  York,  vvliere  he  was  born  Sep- 
tember lit.  IHHl. 

His  father,  -John  A.  Newbury  (spelled  by 
Roine  mcnibors  of  this  renowned  family  ■•  New- 
berry"'), also  born  iu  New  York  State,  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Thomas  Newbury,  of  Kcwhury 
Castle,  Devonshire,  Euirliind.  Thomas  New- 
bury eaine  to  .\merioa  in  IBSO,  and  located  in 
Dorchester,  Massac,hus<ats,  from  which  family 
the  Newbiirys  of  Cliicago.  Detroit,  Cleveland, 
Lansinir  am!  St.  Louis  are  supposed  to  have  de- 
scended, lie  died  in  l*i3(],  at  Windsor,  Con- 
necticut, and  his  e.stiite  was  settled  tiiere  in 
103'J.     Uis  cliildreu    became   the  founders  of 


Newbury  port,    of    the     same     State.      His    son 
Thomas  married   in  ltiT(),  and  was  the  father  of 
-loseph  New'"iry,  who   married    Sarah    I-oomis, 
.March  2,  HOS.      His  son  Jos 'ph  married    Miss 
Syhel    Stouirhton.   .'uly  ti,   ITl'.t,  and   his   son, 
Loomis  G.,  was  the  father  of  .lolin  /y.,  who  was 
the  father  of  the  sidiject  of  our  skeleh.      I'roin 
.Massachusetts   the    Newburys    spread    to   Con- 
]    necticiit,  New  York  and  I'ennsylvania.  and  then 
■   to  the  more  Western  States,  wdiere  many  of  them 
!    beeaine  prominent  in  the  professions  and  in  the 
j   ooverntnent   of  their   count I'y.     The   father  of 
(jiir  subject    married    Mtss    Louisa   Spencer,  a 
]   native  of  Genoa,  Now  York,  a  descendant  of  an 
I  old    and   distinguished    family  of   the    Empire 
1   State,  many  of  whom  figured    prominently  in 
the  affairs  of  that  time.    They  had  si.x  children, 
all  now  livinjf.     The   mother  died  about   1S40, 
but  the  father  survived    until    IHiiO,  wdien    his 
death  was  caused  by  an  accident,  in  the  eighty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age. 

William  S.  Newbury  is  the  eldest  of  the  fam- 
ily,    lie  attended   the  common   schools  of  his 
native  town,  after  which   he   wetit   to  Chicago, 
Illinois,  in  1850,  where  he  remained   until  tlio 
summer  of  1854,  except  when  visiting  relatives 
an<l  friends  on   Eox  river,  Illinois,  when  he  re- 
turned   home  to   regain   his  health.     While  in 
Chicago    he    made   liis   home  at   the    Sherman 
House,  corner  of  Clark   and    Randolph   streets, 
and  was  employed  by  the  firm  of  Cornley,  Byrn 
&  Co.,  171  Lake  street,  tor  a  long  time  prior  to 
his    return    to    New   Y'ovk.      Having    fully   re- 
gained his  health,  he  again  left  liis  old  home  in 
New  York  and  returned  West,  via  (Chicago  and 
Milwaukee,  to  Fox  Lake.  Wisconsin,  and  stiidic-d 
lavv-  for  si.x    mouths  in  the  otfice  of  Hon.  .John 
W.  Davis.     Then  he  went  to  Madison   and  at- 
tended the  Yv'^isconsin  Mercantile  College,  where 
he  took  a  regular  course   in    bookkeeping,  pen- 
manship and  commercial  law.    After  graduating 
there,   he   held   several    imjiortant  positions  in 
northwest  AVisconsin    as    principal  bookkeeper, 
I   accountant  and   mamjger.      In  the  fall  of  1857 
j   he  took  a  trip  for  his  health,  visiting  St.  Louis, 
1    New   Orleans,   Havana,  (^uba,  and   New  York 
j   city,  spetiding  the  winter  at  the  old   homestead, 
I   and  returning,  via  Chicago  and    Madison,  to  St. 
I   I'aul,  Minnesota,  landing  in  St.  Pjutl  in  March, 
I   1858. 

In  the  fall  of  1858  he  took  entire  ciiarge,  at 
!  Sioiix  City.  Iowa,  of  the  Little  American  Fur 
I  Coiiipany  of  St.  Louis,  which  then  had  'rinlin'^ 
I   posts    along     the     Missouri     ami     Yellcvitone 


lIKTotiY    Oh'    iiUKildX. 


1%» 


rivers  titid  tln'ir  triliiifiii'it's  for  a  (iisfiini'c  of 
3,000  iriilfS,  exIeiidilifT  also  to  old  Fort  Ci  i  :!r 
d"  Alciic,  ill  Idaliii.  I'nuri  Sioux  City  lie  W'l?, 
in  tile  fail  of  ISoi},  to  St.  lAnlif,  Missouri,  ami 
tiieiu'e  to  lola,  Kansas,  in  1800. 

In  1801  the  great  civil  war  tiroke  out,  and  in 
answer  to  I'resident  Lincoln's  call  for  volnnteers 
with  which  to  sujipress  the  rebellion,  he  clotied 
hi.s  law  oflice  and  a  proiitalde  hiisincss  anil  en- 
listed in  Coniiany  IC,  Sixth  Ke^nnicnt  Kansas 
^'olnnteers.  This  \va>  a  mixed  regiment  of  in- 
fantry and  cavalry,  of  which  he  was  coniniis- 
fioned  First  l,ienterntnt  of  infantry.  They  were 
for  a  time  a*  Fort  Scott.  Kan^as,  and  alonijf  the 
Kansas  border.  In  March,  1802,  the  infantry 
of  the  Sixth  v,a8  consolidated  with  the  infantry 
of  the  Kitrhth.  and  his  company  became  Coni- 
jianv  V.  Kighth  Kansas  Infantry,  of  which  he 
was  First  Lieutenant,  with  his  rei;iinent  stationed 
at  Fort  Leavenworth.  Kansas,  under  command 
of  old  Major  I'rince.  up  to  December,  1802. 
From  there  they  were  transferred  to  tlie  Army 
of  the  Cumberland,  at  Nashville.  Tennessee, 
and  he  served  under  the  command  of  (General 
McDowell.  McCook,  cominandino-  the  Twentieth 
Army  Corps,  until  the  reorganization  of  the 
Army  of  the  (^unibe-'and  at  Chattanootra,  Ten- 
nessee, in  September,  1803,  when  lie  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Fourth  Army  Corps,  (ieneral  Gor- 
don Granger  commanding,  and  was  in  (ioneral 
Wood's  diviei.m.  General  Willich's  brigade.  He 
parlicipate<l  in  the  two  days'  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga,  commanding  his  company,  where  he  re- 
ceived two  sliirht  wounds  in  the  left  leg.  When 
the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge  and  Lookout  Mount- 
ain began  he  was  in  command  of  Conijiany  II. 
Eig  htli  Kansas  Infantry,  and  in  chargt  of  the 
picket  line  in  his  immediate  front,  and  later, 
when  tliey  stormed  the  Ridge,  he  bad  coininand 
of  and  led  Company  II,  Eighth  Kansas  Infan- 
try, the  officers  of  said  company  having  been 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Chiekaina\nra.  Durinir 
this  engagement  he  was  wounded  in  the  ankle 
and  the  hip,  but  was  not  disabled.  On  the  third 
day  of  this  battle  he  was  at  one  tim  >  close  to 
General  (Jrant  at  his  headquarters  at  Orchard 
Knob,  and  heard  liim  give  command  to  charge 
General  liragg's  center,  to  favor  General  Sher- 
man, who  was  being  repuls-eil  on  our  left.  Not- 
withstanding l.is  wounds,  lie  kept  with  his 
company,  going  on  forceil  day  and  night 
marclies  to  the  relief  of  General  l!urn^ide  at 
Knoxville,  Tennessee.  In  February,  IH*^!,  most 
of  his  regiment  had  re-eidisted,  and  they  were 


errtiitled  to  go  to  Fui't  l.i  uuiiworlh  on  U'leran 
favi'  for  thirty  days,  but  (Jener.'d  Schotield. 
who  was  in  eoiumand  (  ''  that  ilcpiirtment.  re 
tainnl  him  to  assist  in  the  return  of  the  vileran 
volunteers  to  their  various  regiments,  .\fter 
that  he  ri-ceiveij  the  apjiointment  of  .\s>istant 
IVovost  Marshal  (iern-ral  of  the  Slate  of  Kansas, 
in  whi(di  capacity  he  MTved  until  late  in  .ianu- 
ary.  1805.  u  hen  he  roigned.  h.'ivlng  been  electeil 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate. 

I'rcvioiiH  to  his  enlisting  in  the  army  lu'  had 
read  law  in  Wisconsin,  i-  aliovf  -tated.  and  the 
year  following  hi-  resignation  from  the  .•iriiiy. 
in  1805.  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Hum- 
boldt. Kansas,  practicing  there  and  in  lola.  (d' 
the  same  State.  IL-  wai-  at  one  time  Mwployed 
by  the  pe(i[)le  of  liis  sf<'ti«»ti  to  eontt-»t  a  •-•at  in 
the  lvan>as  Legislature.  msA  Inul  tlir-  .-arisfac- 
tion  of  seating  bis  man.  It  was  soon  after  thi» 
that  he  wa,s  el»-cted,  by  a  nnanimuus  vote,  and 
without  bin  solicitation  or  knowledge,  a-  .\ssis't- 
ant  Secretary  of  the  Senate. 

At  the  tinu'  of  his  advi-tit  into  lola,  KaiiMs, 
there  was  very  little  there,  and  he  became  nHie 
of  the  founders,  and  was  actively  engagcl  in 
conti'ibutiiig  to  the  growth  and  jiniKpc'rity  of  thf 
place,  lie  was  commissioned  i'usl master  of 
lola  in  IHtll  by  Postma>1er-(ieneral  IJIair;  and 
although  be  resigned  thi^  appoinlnifut  when  he 
entered  the  volunteer  service  thai  y  ar,  lie  w»f 
at  once  recommi^^•ionell  by  the  Fostnii»eter- 
General,  anil  reipiired  to  retain  hih  said  oflice 
and  be  responsible  foi'  his  deputies  during  his 
service  in  the  army.  In  1809  he  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  town,  which  otlice  he  resigned  in 
.Inne,  1870,  when  he  decided  to  come  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast. 

He  came  first  to  San  Franci-co.  and  tti<»n 
visite<l  the  southern  and  westei'u  jiorticms  of  tkM> 
State  of  Oregon,  .and  settled  in  I'orlland  in  Ah- 
gust.  1870.  He  soon  engaged  in  the  wheat 
business,  with  headi|uarters  at  .\lbaiiy.  when-  he 
rcniainei!  for  three  years,  lining  a  very  lar/e 
business.  During  this  time  lie  ali-n  (m«1'!t  in 
agricultural  implements.  He  pur»Hia»ed  IrW,- 
000  bushels  of  wheat  in  one  day.  for  wliieh  lie 
paid  81  pel'  bushel. 

lu  1874  he  returned  to  Portland,  where  h" 
has  resided  ever  since,  and  wiiere  In-  practieeii 
law  for  a  couple  of  years,  then  engaging  in 
mercantile  bu.-iness.  lie  nvgaiiized  flit-  luisiuess 
now  owned  by  Frank  Pros.  I't  Co.,  ar>«i  wa«  in 
tereeted  in  the  enterprise  for  two  y*>M-~.  ilni-iug 
which   rime  he  was  very  successful.     Then    he 


%\\\ 


M 


780 


irrsTonr  <if  orisoon. 


(ji'f^iniiz('i|  tin:  liriii  of  Ni'wlmi'y.  ('lia|(miin  ^ 
Ci)..  cmnnosed  (if  W.  S.  Ncwliiiry.  •!•  A.  Oliiqv 
iiiiiii  iiiiil  ,].Vj.  Iliiwtlioni,  drilling  in  iigricult- 
iiral  iiiipletiieiit:-.  Mr.  NewlMiry  ua.s  the  lifiid 
and  inunafrer  of  tliis  Imsiiu'st!.  svliicli  wan  like- 
wir-i'  very  tiucccHBriil.  Af'tur  a  year  Dr.  J.C. 
llawlliorii  liDiiglil  Dr.  J.  A.  Cliapniaii's  interest, 
tin;  lirm  then  liecoiiiiiiir  Newlmry.  Ilavvtlidrn  & 
(!ii.  'i'liey  coiitiiiiied  tliis  l)iiiiine>H  until  ISSO. 
Ii\'  wlii(^li  lime  fliey  liud  ai'iniired  an  iinineiiso 
trade  aii<l  iiad  (^■*tal)lislieil  sovei'al  lii'ancli  honse.". 
Mr.  Newlmry  ii\vnin;x  ("le-tliiiMJ.  and  l''"-  ilaw- 
tlnirii  ttt'o-tliird--  interest  in  said  hnsiness.  Abont 
this  time  Dr.  liawlliorn  dieil.  and  Mr.  Newlmry 
retired  iidni  Imsiness,  otliei'  than  the  practice  of 
his  |irofession,  whioh  lie  still  jjrusperouply  con- 
tiniiGB. 

.\lmnst  without  his  (■oiisent.  and  while  he 
wap  alisent  from  the  eity.  he  was  eleetcd  Mayor 
of  I'ortland.  servingfor  two  years,  from  .Inly. 
1877,  to  .Inly,  l^!7!l.  In  this  caijucity  his  superior 
executive  ability  and  loni^  linsincsri  and  leijjal  e\- 
|)erience  wei-e  enlisted,  to  the  very  ^ri'eat  henetit 
of  municipal  affairs,  whicii  were  never  more 
prosperous  than  when  lie  held  the  reins  r)f  <j;ov. 
eminent.  Later  he  was  nominated  by  his  |)arty 
.IS  a  candidate  for  Representative  to  the  State 
Lejiislature,  but  declined  to  run. 

October  11,  ISCiO,  lie  was  married  at  Middle- 
ton,  Wisconsin,  to  .Miss  .\lzina  Taylor,  a  native 
of  New  Vorl<,  and  their  married  life  of  more 
than  thirty  years  has  been  pleasant  and  happy 
to  both.  They  have  two  daiiffhters  livinj^.  botli 
residents  of  J'ortlaud,  namely:  Izetta,  wil'i'  of 
George  W,  I'ool:  and  Xena  Estella,  wife  of 
Charles  N.  Stevt-nson. 

Mr.  Newbury  is  a  stai  cli  Republican  in  poli- 
tics, with  whicli  party  he  has  afKliat(!d  since  its 
organi/iation,  and  whicli  ie  assisted  in  organ- 
izing as  early  as  1S54.  Since  18(50  he  has  at 
all  times  been  active  in  his  county's  interests, 
and  in  aiding  the  growth  and  develo|)ment  of 
each  section  where  he  lived,  as  well  as  proud  of 
his  whole  country  and  its  Hag,  i.iul  the  ii'.stitn- 
tioiis  whicli  it  represents. 

lie  is  a  promin(iit  member  of  the  i.O.  O.  F., 
to  whicli  fratiM'nity  he  has  belonged  since  1855, 
and  has  passcl  all  the  chairs  in  both  branches. 
He  has  been  Grand  I'atriarch,  and  has  served 
us  Supreme  (iranil  Representative  to  the  Sover- 
eign (iraiil  Lodgt^  of  the  World,  lie  is,  of 
course,  a  member  of  the  (i.  A.  U.  He  was  the 
Inu^terillg  olHccr,  ami  organized  (leorge  Wright 
Tost,  No.  1.  of  I'ortland. 


His  experience  has  been  most  varied,  and  in 
all  callings  and  \icissitndes  he  has  displayed  the 
energy  of  superior  ability,  being  a  trusted  citi- 
zei.,  a  faithful  jiublic  servant,  an  able  advocate, 
and  a  brave  scddier.  ['ersonally,  he  is  of  medium 
height,  has  pleasant  features,  black  hair  and 
briglit  eyes,  and  lie  still  enjoys  excellent  healtii, 
with  faculties  keener,  it'  possible,  than  in  earlier 
years.  He  is  honored  and  respected  by  all  who 
know  him,  and  although  <d'  a  retiring  <lisposi- 
tion,  is  none  th(>  less  popular  wiih  the  ])ublic. 


RLANDO  OHVILLL:  H()i)S()N,an  en- 
terprising and  successful  business  man  of 
•i^^  McMinnville,  ( )regon,  was  born  in  Car- 
thage, Rush  county,  Iinliana,  May  '21,  I'i')!.  His 
ancestors  were  wealthy  Kngli.-h  (Quakers,  who 
inherited  an  unblemished  reputation  for  the 
highest  morality  and  greatest  business  inteirritv. 
The  name  w. as  originally  spelled  •Tlodirsoi.,"  but 
in  LS'20,  the  "  g  "  was  dropped. 

Rtdiert  llodson  bequeathed  his  jiropi'rtv  to 
his  brother,  William,  and  his  brother's  lieirs. 
William's  son,  (ieorge,  was  born  in  Ireland,  in 
in.jO,  and  when  of  age,  emigrated  to  America, 
locating  in  i'ennsylvaiiia.  His  son,  Robert,  re- 
moved to  North  Carolina,  where  his  son,  .lona- 
tliaii,  was  horn,  whose  son,  Mattliew,  removed 
to  Clinton  county,  Ohio,  where,  on  October  1, 
1830,  his  son,  Asa  II.  llodson,  was  born. 

Asa  II.  llodson  was  reared  and  educated  in 
Ohio,  learning  the  tinners'  trade.  He  continued 
to  reside  there  until  18.")0,  when  he  removed  to 
Indiana,  whicli  was  then  a  new  and  sparsely  set- 
tled country.  He  was  shortly  afterward  mar- 
ried to  Margaret  M.  Hogan,  also  a  native  of 
Ohio.  They  hail  three  children:  Orlando  Or- 
ville,  thesul)jectof  our  sketch;  C.  W.,  a  resident 
of  I'ortland,  Oregon;  and  C.  M.,  now  residing 
ill  <  (irvallis,  ( )regon. 

In  18(iO  Asa  11.  llodson  removed  with  his 
family  to  .Muncie,  Delaware  county,  Indiana, 
from  which  jdace  they  removeil.  in  lS7!i,  to 
Oregon,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  .McMinnville,  May  ti, 
188il.  He  was  a  n.aii  of  untiring  energy,  in- 
dustry, thoroughly  honorable  in  his  dialings, 
and  of  a  social  and  kindly  disposition,  and  luid 
gained  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  He 
was  a  prominent  Mason,  having  joined  this  fra- 
ternity in  1855,  and,  as  opportunity  ollereil,  at- 


ii^-i!mu,j.niuji«ijwi«,  isii 


niSTOl;y    <iF    (iHKCdS. 


taini'<l  till'  liiglu'i-  ilcgrces  of  Aiicif  lit  ( 'raft  Ww- 
^oiiry.  lit!  sfrvt'il  I'm'  ft'voi'al  yeai'biis  i\lH-.tui-  ol 
his  lodge  ami  as  lligli  I'l'ii-'st  nf  tlii'  (•liajiti'i'. 
1  Ic  was  tlit>  iii-iiaiiiziT  of  t  lit'  tirst  (ii'aiwl  ((iiiii- 
v\\  (if  Uuval  and  SeliH-t  Mastcrii  in  rlie  Noi'tliwott 
and  was  its  tirst  llliisti'ioiis  Master,  lie  also  nr- 
ganized  a  Cduncil  <if  Higli  I'riests.  and  was  tlic 
tirst  t(i  Confer  degives  of  this  heawtit'id  and  snh- 
liiiie  cirder  in  Oi'eifoii. 

The  siihject  iif  our  sketch,  ( )i'lando  Orville 
llodson,  was  reared  to  manhood  in  ifiincie,  In- 
diana, and  attended  the  public  schools,  lie  be- 
gan at  the  age  of  sixteen  years  to  learn  the  tin- 
ners' trade  of  his  father,  and  has  since  continued 
ill  that  business. 

In  1878  he  removed  to  Oi'egon,  and  woi-ked 
as  a  joiirneynian  in  Salem,  niitil  February,  1880, 
when  he  came  to  MeMinnville,  where  his  father 
was  in  the  hai'dware  business.  lie  worked  a 
year  for  his  falher,  at  rhe  end  tif  which  time  he 
was  taken  intti  the  tiriii.  The  business  was  veiy 
successful,  and  in  1888,  onr  subject  juirchased 
the  whole  enterprise.  Its  prosperity  continued 
iin^il  it  became  one  of  the  largest  enterjjrises  in 
the  town.  em|il(iying  from  eight  to  ten  men. 
Hesides  a  regular  hardware,  stove  and  tin  busi- 
ness, he  is  a  contractor  and  inaniifactnrer  of 
roofing  and  galvanized  cornice,  inany  of  the 
jniblic  buildings  of  the  State  being  the  work  of 
Ills  house.  lie  now  carries  a  very  large  stock 
of  goods,  owns  the  business  block  where  he  is 
located,  besides  having  one  of  the  best  residences 
in  the  town,  all  of  which  he  has  acipiired  with- 
out any  assistance,  other  than  that  afforded  by 
his  own  intelligent  and  persevering  endeavoi's, 
thorough  attention  to  all  details,  and  n|)riglit 
dealings. 

He  was  married  February  26,  1881,  to  Miss 
Nellie  E.  Hoyce,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native 
<if  Muiicie,  Indiana.  She  is  tliedan<{hter  of  Mr. 
.James  Hoyce,  a  prominent  niaiinfacturer,  and 
esteemed  citizen  of  that  town.  iShe  came  to  San 
l"'raneisco,  wlieie  Mi.  Ilodson  met  liei',  and  th'\y 
were  married.  They  have  one  danghler,  Edna 
M.,  who  was  born  in  MeMinnville,  and  who  re 
fleets  credit  on  the  State  of  her  nativity. 

Mr.  Ilodson  is  a  prominent  member  of  tne 
J'oard  of  Trade  of  the  city,  where  he  has  ac- 
ipiii'eil  the  re|)iitatioii  of  being  one  of  lier  most 
energeiic  and  enterprising  citizens,  taking  an 
active  interest  in  everything  pi''taining  to  the 
public  welfare. 

Like  his  father  he  has  a  good  record  as  a  Ma- 
son.    Wlieii   twenty -oii^  years  of  age,   in  May. 


1878,  he    joined  Mi 


N. 


:s: 


(»n 


,  Alilli.'ie    l.o.lge,  No.   -tiil 

February  10,  18H1,  he  was  (hniiitled,  joining 
Cnion  l.odoe,  .\(i.  4;{,  Ajiril  !•,  l.S^l.  nnd  has 
held  neai-ly  all  the  otlices  of  the  lodge,  and  is  at 
present  its  Worshipful  Master.  On  duly  21, 
1883,  he  became  a  member  of  Taylor  (  hapter, 
Xo.  1(5,  and  has  ludd  all  the  oHice>  np  to  High 
Priest,  except  that  of  Sentinel.  On  Febrnaiy 
h.  1S!)1,  he  was  elecleil  to  the  t'oiincil  of  Royal 
and  Select  Masters,  and  was  elected  Captain  of 
the  (i'.iard.  which  otlice  he  has  since  held.  He 
was  idected  Deputy  Grand  llliir-lrions  blaster  of 
the  Council,  Feiiniary  2,  1SU2.  On, June  8, 
1891,  at  the  meeting  of  the  (irand  Council,  he 
took  the  order  of  High  Priest,  and  at  that  meet- 
ing, was  elected  Master  of  Ceremonies. 

In  December,  1880,  he  joined  the  A.  O.  U 
W.,  and  has  held  neaily  all  the  otlices  of  that 
society. 

He  and  his  wife  are  Christian  members  of 
Knowle  Chapter,  Xo.  14,  Order  of  the  Eastern 
Star,  of  which  she  is  a  worthy  matron.  In  re- 
ligions views,  they  are  Universalists,  and  both 
are  highly  esteemed  for  their  many  pi'iictical 
virtues. 

Thus  is  briefly  sketched  the  details  of  an  emi- 
nently sncceasful  life.  Not  successful  from 
merely  a  worldly  standpoint,  but  (uninently  so, 
when  viewed  from  all  jioiiits  of  view,  and  scanned 
in  the  searching  light  of  truth,  honor  and  virtue. 


-=S*< 


^m^^^m' 


HJJAM  POINTER,  Tieasuier  of  Wash- 
ington county,  Oregon,  was  bom  in  the 
State  of  Indiana  on  the  14tli  of  .Inly. 
18!i8.  He  comes  of  good  old  Kentucky  an- 
cestry. Hie  father  and  grandfather  both  bore 
the  name  of  William  Pointer,  and  both  were 
born  in  Kentucky.  The  birth  of  Slv.  Pointer's 
father  occurred  on  the  i;{||i  of  October,  180;i. 
He  "as  raised  in  his  native  State,  and  married 
tliere  Miss  Ara  A.  [iwA^  also  a  Kentuckiaii. 
They  had  eight  children,  three  of  vihom  are  liv- 
ing. He  came  to  Oregon  in  1875.  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Washington  eoiiiity,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  ('hristian  Church  ami  an  upright 
citizen  \o  the  day  of  bi,s  death,  wdiich  occurrcil 
on  the  11th  of  (')ctober,   1885. 

William  wa*  the  second  child,  and  is  now  ihe 
eldest  of  tlic  three  surviving  ones.  He  was 
educated  in  Indiana  and  Iowa,  in  the  public 
schools.      After    leaving  school    he  learned   the 


7H8 


nisrOHY    OF    (IliEGON. 


trnile  of  a  ciir|iLnt(M-.  iiml    wurkcil    at   it  ^nvcral 
yeuiM,  and  llieii  ueiit   l>>    II  illnliiiiiiii|^li.  arnl   Iihm 
lircn    ('ii<^uj;f-(l    vM'Y   eiiici'    in     foiilractiiij^    ami 
Ijiiiidini^.      lie  haw  hii'ii  mic  <it'  tiie  lendiriii;  iru-ii 
ill  liiii  IjiibiiicsH  and  lias  d'liii'  a  larj^c  aiiiiniiil  ol' 
tlie  linst  work  ill  tlu'ciiiiiitj.      lie  iiiid  tliolniild- 
iiif^  III'  till-   addilidiis  ami  tlio  ('(imiiietidii  of  the 
county  coiirtlioiiM'.    IJe  has  invested  his  inoiiey 
in  |)id|ic'rty.  iumI  built  a  heautifiii  house  tor  liiin- 
self.      Tlie  record   lie  has   made  lor  hiiiiselt'  is  a 
o-dud  one    and    worlliy  of  admiration.      Ho  is  a 
Kc|iulili('aii  in  politics,  ancj    from  ISS-t  to  ISSo 
he  served  us  ('jerk  of  the  Sehoiil  Distriet.    Dui'- 
ino  that  time   he   took   an   extra  interest  in   the 
Kciiool  allairs  and  rendered  the  soliools  xalnahle 
s(M'vie(^,     In   1888  he  was  n|i|ioint(il  Treasurer 
of  the  county,  to  till  a  vaeanc^y,  and  in    1890  he 
was  nominated   hy  his  party  tor  tlie  ollice.  and 
he    was  indorsed  liy  the    democratic   liarty,   and 
out  of  the  2,100  votes  cast  in  the  county  he  re- 
ceived   2,871).      He  is   now    sorvinn;  his    fourth 
year.      He  is  a  memlier  of  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity, and    has  had   several  of   the   oilices   of  his 
body. 

Mr.  I'ointerwas  mai-ried  on  the  1st  of  .\ii^ii6t, 
1S73.  to  Miss  Annie  V..  Harmon,  of  IJoston, 
and  the  daiiolitcr  ot  Mr.  V..  8.  Ilaniion.  This 
union  was  lilessed  with  one  child,  a  daiii;hter, 
Ara  v..  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pointer  lived  iinr'-t  hap- 
pily toi.'ether  for  luneteen  years,  until  the  death 
of  tlie  latter  in  ^lay,  1892.  She  was  an  excel- 
lent wiMiian,  and  her  loss  was  a  great  one  to  her 
husband  ami  dauohter.  Mr.  I'ointer's  record  in 
Washington  county  has  been  such  as  to  make 
him  niLinv  friends,  anil  he  is  a  man  of  kind  and 
oeneroiis  impulses  and  apjireciates  theconlideiice 
and  I'riendsliip  tiiat  lie  receives. 


-•<^i 


m*«^H^%>i^-i^ 


^HimiA  II  .\  M  XKI.St  )N,  vice-president  of  the 
;raifc    Indepenilence    National    Hank,    is   one   of 
•^^    I'olk  county's  most  worthy  capitalists  as 
well  as  one  tif   her   most  enterprising  citi/en*. 
He   was  born   in    Iowa,   October  29,    1S;19,  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  ami  is  the  son  of  Isaac  Nelson, 
a  native   of   I'emlletnii    county,   Virginia,    born 
October  10,  1810.     ( M'amil'atiior    P.anliam    Nel- 
son was  also  a  Virginian   and    a   soldier   in   the   '. 
war  of  1812.      He  was  taken   sick   and   given   a   i 
leave  of  absence,  i)nt  died  at  Norfolk  in  the  fall    i 
of  1814,  when  on  his  way  homo.     The  i'atherof  ■ 
our  siibjeet  was  the  yomii^est  child  in  the  faui-    , 


ilv  of  five  children  thus  left  fatherless  and  poor. 
The  mother  did  the  iiest  slit^  could.  Imiight  a 
small,  cheap  farm  in  the  mountains  of  Virginia, 
wlierii  she  reared  her  family  to  matui'ity.  They 
had  a  hard  time  to  get  along  as  there  was  so 
little  with  which  to  purchase  food  and  clothing, 
hut  they  kept  in  health,  and  in  later  life  Mr. 
Nelson  expressed  the  belief  that  those  hard 
times  taiiglit  endurance  that  conduced  to  health. 
Until  bis  twenty-third  year  he  lived  with  his 
mother  and  then  engaged  in  business  for  him- 
self. .luni'O,  1835.111  I'endleton  county.  Vir- 
ginia, he  married  .Miss  Phelie  Harjier.  a  native 
of  that  county,  who  was  born  May  3.  181(). 
After  their  marriage  they  mutually  agreed  to 
remove  to  Vermilion  county,  Illinois,  then  a 
new  and  unsettled  country;  and  on  horseback, 
with  what  few  clothes  they  had,  they  started  to 
find  and  make  a  home  in  the  wilderness.  They 
built  their  cabin  ami  began  the  pioneer  life, 
their  live-stock  consisting  of  a  pig  and  a  ])up. 
The  pu])  got  mad  and  Mr.  iS'elson  had  to  kill 
him  and  the  pig  died  of  mange,  and  go  he  and 
his  wife  were  all  that  were  left. 

In  February,  1830,  Mrs.  Nelson  was  taken 
with  rheumatism  and  was  not  able  to  work  un- 
til the  following  year.  'I'hey  discovered  th;it 
they  had  settled  in  a  milk-sick  district,  and  the 
lilack  Hawk  purchase  being  ojiened  for  settle- 
ment, he  made  a  Iw. gain  to  drive  a  team  for  » 
man  who  was  moving  to  it,  upon  condition  that 
he  could  take  his  wife  along.  They  hitched  five 
yoke  of  oxen  to  a  wagon  and  he  took  the  whip, 
and.  as  he  expi'essed  it,  there  was  a  green  driver 
ami  a  green  team,  but  bid'ore  the  end  of  the 
journey  was  reached  both  were  tame  enough. 
They  crossed  the  .Mississippi  river  at  Fort  .Mad- 
ison and  finally  lauded  in  tlie  Territory  with  his 
wife  and  baby  daughter,  and  with  twenty-live 
cents  in  money. 

At  this  time  the  country  was  in  a  complete 
state  of  natur(^  ami  herein  the  wilderness  the 
others  took  up  claims,  ami  he,  without  knowing 
what  to  choofe,  took  one  too.  and  fortune  fa- 
vored him,  for  his  claim  proved  a  good  one.  In 
the  fall  of  1838  the  land  came  into  market.  He 
had  no  money  and  at  that  time  the  latter  com- 
modity commanded  a  high  rate  of  interest,  and 
he  olfired  his  claim  for  sale,  receiving  S^425  and 
two  yoke  of  oxen  for  the  same.  After  this 
transaction  onr  subject  started  out  to  look  up  a 
new  claim  and  located  in  Van  Hiiren  county, 
where  he  made  his  home  for  the  rest  of  iiis  life. 

In  the  summer  of  1839  the  Goveriiiuent  ran 


1 


'«(•, 


^ 


'•'^• 


'htyt-^-tn- 


■x. 


'  uMi^'-'  .'^: 


788 


iitaroiiY  Oh'  'iiiKnox. 


trade  III'  II  ciii'iienlt'i',  and    W(prku<l    at  it  snvernl 


ywii'H,  and  IIk  n  wuiit  I 
been  i!ii^a;;(;il  ever  hi 
liiiildin^.  Ill;  liius  lieoi 
ill  liiij  liiisincriH  ami  lias 
tlu)  iKwt  W(irl<  ill  tiic  CO 
iiif^  iif  tin;  iidditiciiis  a 
ciiiiiity  cnaillii.iiK'.  Ill- 
in  |ini|ii'rty.  aini  liiiilt  a 
sc 


l^ll.  Ill 

1 'Milrmliii;:^  lilid 
■  <:  ill'  ihu  loiidinjji'  uicii 
•111:  a  iargo  Hiiinuiit  cf 
:;y.  lie  liad  tlie  Imilil 
'  the  coriiplctiiiii  nf  llie 
'las  invented  liig  (iiuiiey 
li(;aMtiFiii  liiMh;e  for  liiiii- 


'J'lie  record  lie  lih^  madt;  lor  liiniselt'  i-  » 
ijood  one  and  uorliiy  (d'  fulinirauon.  lie  is  n 
liepidiiiean  in  jiolilicp.  i!.d  from  XSH^  to  1S85 
lie  Kfrved  as  (^lerk  of  tiii;  iScliool  Dihtriet.  Dur- 
ino  that  time  lie  took  :im  extra  interi'sl  in  tlie 
Heiiool  atlairs  and  renderid  the  .-elioolK  vuiiinl)!e 
service  In  1S8M  lie  \\a.s  a|i|iiiinl(d  TreaMirer 
of  tlieeomity,  to  till  a  vacaiicv.  and  in  l>*!iO  In; 
was  nominated  iiy  Ids  juirty  t'or  tlieotlice,  and 
lie  was  iiidorsud  liy  the  I  teuiocralic  [larly,  and 
out  of  tlio  2.400  votes  ca>t  in  the  coiintv  be  re- 
ceived 2.(]7().  lie  is  now  wervinji  his  foartli 
yea  '.      I'e  is  a  meniher  of  ilie  Masonic  fr.it(;r 

nit.-   ;.od   lias  had  sever'    •! 

ti 

IkkIv. 

Mr.  Pointer  was  niai'rii 
1 -iTi],  to  Mi>8  Annie  K  1' 
and  the  daiicrhter  of  Mr.  1.. 
union  was  blessed  uith  one  child,  a  daniriiter, 
Ara  v..  jMr.  and  Mrs.  I'oinler  lived  tnoi-t  ha|)- 
|iily  to^^etiier  for  nineteen  years,  until  tiie  death 
of  the  latter  in  ^lay.  189M.  Slu?  was  ho  e\i.v' 
lent  Woman,  and  her  loss  was  ii  i/reiil  one  to  Iter 
liiisiiand  and  daiioliter.  Vfv.  !'i  ^iti-'c'-  i-"cr,ri  mi 
Washinglon  county  has  h 
him  many  friends,  and  he 
oenerons  im|iii]ses  and  app 
and  friendship  that  he  reci 


e   ollices   i.f  Ids 

■  ■  i,.:  •-'.  ,\-,.-;ikI. 
t-;i  of  I!•l^torl. 
Uiinnon.      This 


iipiH\  of  kinii  Mid 
lie*  till! fohtideiiee 


®^>®©^-''-;.-^^^ 


>H1:A  II  AM  N  KLS<  »N.  .  ice  |m>ident  of  the 
Independence  Natioi'al  l!ank.  i<  one  of 
I'olk  county's  most  v\ortiiy  capitalists  as 
as  one  of  her  most  tntc-prit^ing  citiy.en.s. 
was  iiorn  in  Iowa,  O^ioher  2!t,  ISill),  if 
Scotcdi  ancestry,  and  is  the  ■•on  of  Isaac  .Ni  l.^on. 
a  native  of  iVndleton  eoip'v  \'ir^inia,  horn 
October  10,  ISlI).  (irandfi.i.HT  Haiiliam  Nil 
son  was  also  a  Virginian  ai;d  a  soldier  in  tJK' 
war  of  1812.  He  was  tttkeii  c-icU  an<i  Lr'^en  a 
leave  of  absence,  hut  died  ai  Norfolk  in  the  lull 
of  1814,  when  on  his  way  homo.  The  father  of 
oiir  subject  was  the  youiiif'ji-i  clrid   in  the  fani 


ily  of  five  children  thus  left  fatherlnsR  nnd  xviuw 
Ihe  iiK'ilii  r  '111  ihe  best  ftlu*  could,  boiijiht  a 
sniidl,  cheiip.  iiirm  in  the  mountains  of  Vic^inia. 
where  flu;  rt,iiv<d  her  family  to  maturity.  'J'liey 
had  a  (i.ud  'lint'  lo  ^'et  along  as  thero  was  so 
little  wilt,  't  iiK  ti  to  purchase  food  and  (dotiiin^, 
but  tiioy  k<  [•'  .'»  health,  and  in  later  life  Mr. 
iVeKoti  ■■>■  jin nrj  <i  the  belief  that  those  hard 
timet  (aii)..(i'  '  n'litniiico  that  conductd  to  health. 
L  ntil  his  t  *•';•;  V  tidrd  year  lie  livoii  with  his 
niother  and  (Inn  I'njjiiyed  in  business  for  him- 
self. .Innei  5,  I83ri.  in  I'undlefon  county.  Vir- 
einiri.  he  iiiarriod  .Mii-s  Fhebe  Ilai'per,  a  native 
ol  Itint  county,  who  was  born  May  .H,  1810. 
After  their  )narria;»e  they  irnihiully  •i^roed  tf> 
remove  to  Vermilion  county,  Jliinoifi,  then  a 
ne\',  and  unsettled  country;  nnd  on  ho.'-soback, 
with  \vl.iat  few  (dothes  they  had,  ihi;y  started  to 
find  and  make  a  home  in  the  wilderness.  'J'hey 
built  their  cabin  and  bef:;aii  the  pioneer  life, 
tludr  live-stock  consisting;  of  a  |iii;  and  u  4>np. 
The  puj)  irot  mad  ami  Mr.  Nelson  bad  to  kill 
him  and  the  piji;  died  of  mango,  an  1  *i;  he  and 
lii,>  \\\U:  were  all  tliat  uere  l»*ft. 

In  February,  183ii,  .Vila,  Nel.on  was  taken 
with  rhi'iimatisiii  and  was  not  able  to  work  un- 
til the  followiiii;  year.  They  discovered  that 
they  had  settled  in  a  milk-sick  district,  and  the 
llhu'.k  Hawk  pure  base  being  opened  for  settlo- 
ineiit.  he  innde  u  bur|;5aiti  to  'Iriv.;  n  SeHin  '••."  a 
ij-iii  wb.'  Wrts  iiii-i.'ijlj{  !o  it.  tijjon  i'Midi'ioti  tlOt 

l.eoonid  uk«  iiii'  wtff:  ftl(?»ii^,  Tin-.y  hilcbed  fi\e 
yoke  of  KX^'ii  tr<  a  w«^on  iiiiil  ht-  took  she  whip, 
.--.ml  MS  t|0  (  xp|.v»e.l  it,  tiuTc  wa.s  a  green  <lriver 
.uid  a  jjree!!  teMi'i,  hii*.  'Hifore  the  end  of  the 
jviiirney  whh  reached  l)oth  were  tame  enough. 
They  eros.sed  the  Mississippi  river  at  Fort  i\Ia<l- 
isoii  and  linally  lamiod  in  the  Territory  with  his 
wife  and  babv  ilaujirliter,  n'nd  with  twcsnty  live 
i-ent.-  in  money. 

.•\t  thi^  time  the  country  was  in  ■»  complete 
state  of  natnie,  and  herein  the  wilderness  the 
others  took-  up  claims,  and  he,  without  knowing 
what  to  choose,  took  one  too,  and  fortune  fa- 
vored iiiiii,  for  his  chiiui  proved  a  good  I'l" .  In 
the  fall  of  18HS  the  land  can. e  into  marke'.  He 
liiid  Oil  money  and  at  that  time  the  latter  cotn- 
niodity  conimatidtd  a  hiirh  ratr  I'F  iutoreat,  and 
•  :r  olTi  red  his  claim  for  sa'>-,  receiving -8  lio  and 
t-.vo  Yoke,  of  oxen  for  t!i»  ^ame.  After  this 
ir'Hi-aelioti  our  .-ubjrct  .-iarfed  out  to  look  np  a 
new  cbtini  and  located  ,n  Van  J^>uren  county, 
wiier<   he  made  his  home  'or  the  rest  of  his  life. 

Ill  '-1  •  su'iiuiei-  of  1831t  the  (,rovernnielit   ran 


^ 


-V.. 


«Xf 


^ 


■a-ir-y^ 


'  !?l 


I'. 


JtlSTOUr    OF    i)/tfi<}ON. 


T.S'i 


> 


tlie  lino  liutwt'i'ii  flio  liiinl  uf  tlie  linliiiii.i  mid  of 
tliB  (tovermiieiit,  anil  his  laiiil  proved  to  he  on 
the  Iridiiiii  side;  but  tiu're  tlicy  reiniiint'd  until 
the  tall  of  ISH,  wlicii  they  winv  ordered  to 
le»v(^  anil  they  ohcyed,  moving  their  riisidenee 
across  the  line.  In  the  fall  of  1S4:2  the  (iov- 
urnnient  made  another  piirchaeo  and  the  treaty 
was  ratified,  and  in  the  spring  he  returned  to 
Ids  former  farm.  Aliout  this  time  the  ^reat 
Indian  chief,  lilack  Hawk,  died,  and  was  hurled 
on  the  bank  of  the  Dcs  Moines  river,  adjacent 
to  his  village,  later  known  as  lowaville,  and  one 
mile  from  Mr.  Nelson's  home. 

The  circumstances  of  his  burial  were  jjocmI- 
iar.  A  hole  eight  or  ten  feet  square  anil  corre- 
spondingly deep  was  dug  and  covered,  wigwam 
like,  with  l)ark.  There  was  a  series  of  steps 
leading  down  into  this  so-called  grave.  The 
chief  was  ]ilaced  in  an  arm  chair  in  the  center, 
dressed  in  Indian  attire  with  the  exception  of  a 
tall  silk  hat.  His  two  favorite  ]ionie8  were  shot 
and  ])laceil  on  either  side  of  the  grave;  halters 
were  on  them  and  the  straps  secured  to  the 
arms  of  the  chair  containing  the  corpse,  so  tljat, 
after  the  the  tribe's  superstition,  he  might  lm\e 
them  to  ride  to  the  happy  huntiugground. 

After  a  time  the  body  was  stolen  by  Dr. 
Thonias,  of  Chicago,  wdiich  affair  created  great 
consternation  among  the  Indians  in  that  vicin- 
ity, and  would  have  resulted  in  a  massacre  of 
the  entire  settlement  but  for  Mr.  Nelson  and 
two  other  men,  wiio  assured  the  old  chief's  sons 
and  other  hostile  Indians  that  the  body  would 
bo  returned  to  them,  as  it  was  soon  after. 

After  this  Mr.  Nelson  labored  and  prospered 
and  reared  to  maturity  a  family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, nine  dauirliters  and  two  sons.  Three  of 
these  have  since  died:  three  arc  on  the  Pacific 
elope  and  the  others  are  settled  near  the  old 
homestead.  They  had  many  a  struggle  in  their 
early  life,  hut  grew  up  with  the  country  and 
our  subject  has  been  one  of  the  hardy  sons  who 
thrived  on  those  early  hardships. 

Mr.  Nelson  grew  to  bo  one  of  the  best  farm- 
ers in  that  section  of  the  country  and  the 
owner  of  (503  valuable  acres  of  land,  with  fine 
buildings  and  all  the  comforts  of  life.  When 
he  became  comfortable  he  and  his  wife  went 
back  to  old  Virginia  and  brought  the  dear  old 
mother  back  with  them  and  cared  lovingly  for 
her  during  the  rest  of  her  life.  Also  he  ro- 
mcnibernd  a  brother  who  was  unfortunate,  and 
he  too  was  brought  to  the  comfort  of  his  own 
home  and  oared  for  until  death.     In   187G  Mr. 


and  .Mr>.  Nelson  made  the  trip  again  alM•^l^s  the 
eoiitiuent,  visited  .New  York  and  other  cities, 
and  went  to  l'hiladel|iliia  and  viewed  the  won- 
der.-- of  the  groat  i'X|Jo^iliori.  I'pon  his  return 
he  was  aide  to  give  graphic  di'scriptious  of  (ho 
wonders  he  had  seen.  This  had  boon  a  groat 
treat  to  the  man  who,  as  a  lad,  had  been  reared 
in  the  bleak  Virginia  mountains  and  had  spent 
his  aftt'r  life  in  making  a  home  in  the  wiiilor- 
ness  of  Iowa.  He  died  February  U),  1!SS9,  in 
his  seventy  eighth  year,  and  his  faithful  coin- 
jianiou  had  died  one  year  previous,  in  her  oigh- 
ty-tirst  year.  Thoy  were  genorou>,  kiinl  hoarlod 
and  hospitable,  ami  often  e.\pro(.sed  lln-ir  pleasure 
that  it  had  been  aiforded  them  to  be  kind  to  the 
poor,  the  old  and  the  needy.  Such  characters 
were  the  noble  parents  of  the  subject  of  our 
sketch. 

Abraham  Nelson,  the  thirtl  child  <d'  the  fam- 
ily, was  born  and  raised  on  his  fatliei''s  farm  in 
Iowa,  was  educated  at  the  lu'iiihborini;  schools 
and  .Vxline  College,  l''airlield. 

Like  other  ambitious  young  men  of  those 
day  he  was  eager  to  sec  the  far  West.  His  I'a- 
tliei  gave  him  a  mare,  four  yoke  of  oxen  ami  a 
wagon,  which  he  loaded  with  several  kegs  of 
whisky,  a  ijuantity  of  honey,  nuiple  sugar  anil 
other  provisions,  besides  sevoi'al  dozen  pairs  of 
socks  and  his  clothing,  tlu*  whole  valued  at 
ijlfSuO. 

On  May  9,  1804,  in  his  twenty-fourth  year, 
he,  in  company  with  three  other  young  men, 
undertook  the  journey  to  Hoise  City,  where  he 
expected  to  dispose  of  his  load  at  a  good  price 
to  the  miners. 

The  little  train,  consisting  of  two  wagons, 
came  alone  as  fai'  as  Julesburg  on  the  Platte, 
where  they  joined  a  train  of  forty-four  wagons, 
with  Abo  koberson,  now  of  liruneau  valley, 
Idaho,  as  captain.  The  trip  thus  far  was  un- 
eventful. The  first  dilliculty  encountered  was 
crossing  Platte  river,  which  was  two  miles 
wide.  They  swam  the  oxen  and  paid  $10  fer- 
riage on  each  wagon. 

They  moved  slowly  along,  in  tlie  way  of 
those  before  them,  until  throe  months  had 
elapsed,  when  Mr.  N'elson  was  taken  sick  at 
Soda  Springs,  on  Hear  river,  Idaho.  He  grew 
dangerously  ill  and  at  Lost  river  the  train  lay 
over  five  days  awaiting  his  death.  So  low  was 
he  that  his  clothes  were  nnpacked,  tools  for 
grave-digging  laid  out  and  the  sjiot  chosen  for 
the  burial  place;  but  a  slight  change  for  the 
better  enoouraifed  all  to  move  on;  and  at  the  end 


Illsidl!)     Oh'   i)i!h:i;<i\. 


(if  H  fuw  weeks    l>oi^(;  City    wuk   ruacliinl,    witli 
Mr.  .\elnoti  f-till  alivi'.  lint    in  ii  criticiil   cnruli 
liiiii.    'I'liii-  ciuicil   the  loiiK  jdiiriiuy,  iiiiil  it  iiad 
(ic(Mi|)io(|  jiist  four  iiiDiith-. 

Our  siiliji'i',(  lull  iiiii>  liiu  IihikIh  oI'  oM  tVifiuls 
lociitud  licrt',  who  tciulcrly  ciirnil  for  liiiri  until 
liciilth  wiiH  ri'Htori'il,  wIkmi  lie  solil  out  his  limd, 
|>ui(l  his  doctor  liili  of  sju  iitid  liin  boiird,  S').50. 
Iliiviuf;  hit*  wiij;oii  iitiil  oxen  left  lie  did  fr('if.dit- 
iii^r  fur  !i  lime  from  I  iiiiilillii,  ••rcjrdn,  to  tho 
iiiiiio  lU  idiilio  City,  liut  iiml  liic  iiM>fortmH^  to 
jjiivc  liiB  o.\(Mi  KtoliMi  i>v  Indians  wiiiii;  caiuiji'd 
one  iiji^ht  on  Malheur  river.  In  a  few  days  all 
were  recovered,  e.\('e])t  two  wiiich  they  inid 
killed. 

In  18li(>  Mr.  .Nelson  sold  all  his  interest  in 
Idaho  and  started  to  I'olk  pouiity.  ()ren()n. 

'JVaveliu'i'  e.\|)en^('s  were  (^\t^avillp■ilnt  then, 
ihe  staot-  fare  froni  lioise  City  to  Iniatilla  he- 
inn  ii.VZ^).  He  was  fortunate  to  <^et  a  half  rate. 
I'y  means  of  boat  and  staj^e  he  reached  .Salein, 
havino;  then  uliout  ISOOi)  in  the  bank.  He 
walked  to  the  farm  of  Mrs.  Hid)bard,  near  In- 
d('ii('ndence.  where  he  worked  one  year  f(jr 
waoes.  hi  September,  1S()7,  he  jiurelnified  140 
acresof  hind  three  miles  north  of  Independence, 
and  .November  20.  of  the  sami!  year,  wiis  haj)- 
[lily  married  to  Miss  Sarah  K.  flonkle,  a  native 
of  Iowa,  born  in  Lee  county,  Januari  '.),  1845. 
She  was  tiie  daughter  of  Zebadiah  iFonkle,  of 
Iowa,  who  had  crossed  the  plains  t,)  California 
in  ISGC)  and  removed  to  Oregon  in   1807. 

Ml',  and  AFrs.  ]Vel>on  befjjan  tnarricil  life  on 
the  little  fai'ni  he  hu<l  ])urcha>ed  with  the  wiii;ps 
of  his  liai'd  work,  and  here  they  both  endeavored 
to  the  best  of  their  ability,  and  their  industry 
was  rewarded  with  prosperity.  They  were  suc- 
cessful, and  from  time  to  time  Mr.  Nelson  was 
able  to  !uld  to  hi>  hinds  until  ho  possessed  (VJO 
acres.  Later  he  jiurchased  250  acres  of  very 
valuable  land  adjoining  the  town  of  Independ- 
ence; I'roni  thi>  farm  the  town  was  first  jilatled, 
where  lie  now  resides,  and  as  his  n;eans  increased 
he  interested  himself  in  the  various  enierprisi^s 
of  the  country, 

Mr.  Nelson  became  one  of  the  oi'n;anizers  of 
the  Indejiendence  National  Hank:  was  elected  a 
director  and  v  ice-])re.~ideiit.  which  position  he 
still  holds.  With  other  Icadino;  business  nu>n 
of  1  n<lcpcndehce  he  conceived  the  iilea  of  con- 
nectinjr  .Monmouth  with  Independence  by  means 
of  a  motor  roail  and'thereliy  unite  the  two 
towns  by  railroad  and  build  u|)  a  section  be- 
tween.    They  purchased  a   larire   tract  of   laud 


und  biiili  I  hi'  road,  and  aru  now  running  it  with 
^reat  su(!cesH.  They  have  other  enterprisuH  in 
coiinectinii  with  it  under  way.  Tin-  is  an  en- 
teipiise  for  which  these  promoters  deservii  miiidi 
credit,  as  it  is  lie.-^tiiied  to  become  a  j^reat  factor 
in  till!  hiiildinir  up  of  the  two  towns,  and  linally 
will  result  in  miikiiij^  of  thoni  one  large  city. 

Onr  subject  is  also  one  one  of  the  orijiini/c'rs 
and  owner- of  the  elei^tric  lif,'ht  plant  of  liide- 
pendi^nce.  .\iiiong  other  v.'dtiable  ideas  was 
his  of  uniting  the  school  districts  of  Independ- 
ence and  North  lndc|)cndeiic(!  and  building  a 
tine  edifice,  the  finest  public  school  hnilding  in 
Oregon  on  the  west  side  outside  the  city  of 
Portland.  Thus  may  be  seen  of  how  much 
value  the  life  of  sindi  a  man  as  our  subject  has 
lieeii  to  the  town.  He  ha-  had  some  hard  bat- 
tles to  light  in  the  various  enterprises  which  he 
has  iinseltishly  champi.jiied,  but  he  has  come  oft" 
victor,  not  for  himsell  but  for  the  good  of  the 
community.  Mr.  Nidson  is  also  one  of  the  di- 
rectors of  llie  Agricultural  Society,  atid  1ms 
taken  a  prominent  jiart  in  its  fairs  and  inaiinge- 
nieiit;  in  fact,  since  his  residence  in  the  county 
he  has  lieen  alive  to  all  its  interists  and  has 
ci'i'lainly  been  one  of  its  most  valuable  public 
otHcers.  He  aided  in  the  formation  of  the 
(iriiiij^'e  and  helped  to  organize  the  l''ariners' 
Alliance  on  the  Pacific  coast.  He  is  quiet  and 
unassuming  in  his  actions,  but  is  enterprising 
at  the  same  time,  and  keeps  abreast  of  the  times 
in  all  that  may  prove  of  ailvantage  to  Oregon. 
Three  children  came  to  bless  the  home  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Nelson.  Tiie  eldest  child,  Ardelhi,  is 
now  the  wife  of  Dr.  Otis  1).  liiitler,  of  liide- 
deiulence;  the  second  child,  a  most  promising 
boy,  died  iis  the  result  of  an  accident  in  his 
eleventh  year;  and  the  youngest  bears  the  name 
of  ivoss  II. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  are  highly  esteemed  by 
the  good  peo[)le  of  the  county,  and  are  good  il- 
lustrations of  the  adage  that  where  there  is  a 
will  there  is  a  way;  and  in  every  relation  of  life 
this  Worthy  couple  deserve  all  tiic  pi'osperity 
that  has  shone  upon  them. 

^.ON.  I!.  F.  DOlilHS  was  born  in  Nashville, 
''li)  ''''•'">''**■'''■''•  I'l^Pomber  18,  1821).  llisjiar- 
'^^l  ente,  Samuel  F.  and  Susanna  (  Pitt)  Dorris, 
were  natives  of  Maryland  and  North  Carolina 
respectively,  and  emigrated  to  Tennessee,  where 


lllSitniY    oh'    tiUh'do.S. 


Tin 


Mr.  Ilorris  followeil  tlic  lifiM>r  a  fiirincr.  NuhIi- 
ville  wiiK  III)  tMlueutioiial  ountcr  iiml  (nir  ciilijuct 
improved  liis  ii|i|)iirtiiiiition  iiptd  liiw  rmiitcOMtli 
your,  wlieii  lio  Ipcgiiri  to  lc;iru  tlu^  liiuici->"  triiclc 
anil  I'olltiWL'il  tliut  (ic(Hipatic)ii  up  tn  Is.")"^,  wIumi 
lio  went  to  Now  York  anil  eiiiliaiki'il  upon  tlic 
olil  st(!aiiisliip  "<  'liii(,'"  .1  Illy  Sill,  with  1,  KM)  pas^- 
eiij^iirs  for  Aspiiiwal.  'I'lio  trip  aciosn  tliu  Istli 
mii8  lyft  iustinj^  iiiipressioiii*,  as  clioli«ra  waw 
epidiMiiic  anil  250  of  tlie  ('ompiiny  dicil  incroHS- 
iiiL'.  I'l'oin  I'aiiaiiia  111!  re-i'iuharkfil  (III  tliu  sti'iiiii- 
sliiji  "  Coliiiiiliia,"  Captain  Wni.  L.  I  lull,  ('(iiii- 
iiiainliiii^'.  and  after  nini'tccii  days  tliuy  landed 
in  San  {''raneiseo  August  1-4,  lSu2.  lie  tlieii) 
found  LMiiployiiieiit  at  his  trade,  in  May  Isoij,  ho 
visited  tho  yuld  niiiioH  in  southern  Orejron,  min- 
ing, on  Doiiioeratguli'h,  until  fall,  with  fair  siio- 
coss;  hut,  not  liking  tho  rough  lifoof  a  miner,  ho 
returned  to  San  Fane.isco  and  rosuiiiod  hi«  tradt! 
until  the  next  tiprin;^,  wln^n  ho  went  to  (!resceiit 
t'ity,  nothern  California,  and  ojioned  a  tin  shop, 
also  handling;  Imrdware  and  stoves.  During  the 
sninnier  of  io6(),  he  wasconueeted  with  the  In- 
dian war.  Ho  oontiiiiiod  his  ImsineBs  until  1808 
and  then  sold  out  and  removed  to  Eiij^ono  and 
establishod  a  similar  store,  which  ho  operated 
until  1881),  when  ho  sold  out  ami  engaged  in  the 
roal-estate  and  insurance  business,  in  which  he 
is  still  employtul.  About  1874  Mr.  Don-is  was 
among  the  first  to  ajjitate  the  .establishment  of 
the  State  University  at  Eugene,  and  with  its  in- 
auguration he  was  elected  Koj»cnt  and  continued 
in  that  capacity  for  ten  years.  In  1878  Mr. 
IJorris  was  elected  to  the  State  r.egiRlature  and 
was  instrumental  in  fi^otting  an  a])propriati()n  of 
^2,500  for  the  University,  wliicli  was  annually 
paid  until  supplied  by  sjjecial  State  tax.  He 
lias  served  as  member  and  President  of  the 
Common  Council  of  Eufjouc  for  many  years, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1887  was  elected  City  lie- 
corder  and  by  re-election  has  continued  in  tliat 
office. 

Ue  is  an  encampment  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  was  (rraiid  Uepresentative  to  tho  Grand 
fiodge  of  the  United  States  in  1875,  that  met  at  in 
Indiana])olis,  Indiana,  and  to  tho  one  that  met  in 
I'hiladelpliia  in  1870.  He  was  married  at  Cres- 
cent City  in  1857,  to  Miss  Cecile  Pellet  of  Neu- 
cliatel,  Switzerland.  They  have  eif^ht  children, 
namely;  George  A.,  a  lawyer  of  Eugene;  Ed- 
ward P., in  the  hardware  business  in  Farmington. 
"W^ashington;  Alice,  Mary,  wife  of  S.  W.  Cordon, 
a  lawyer  of  Eugene;  Susan  Catherine,  wife  of  E. 
II.  McAlister,  tutor  in  the  State  University;  Ce- 


cile and  llenetta.  Mr.  I)cprri^  takes  jm-i  pride  in 
his  family  and  hit  feels  thai  he  has  a  wealth  in 
them  that  i>  wurlli  mure  ih.'iii  .'ill  his  real  estate 
.'iiid  bdiids. 

folJN  1).  KoWKI.I,,  was  Immii  inSi,  .Ic.-eph 
county,  Mi('lii;;aii,  (>('lolier  10.  iMlii,  and 
wiiH  the  siiii  cd'  Ziba  .M.  and  I'raiiciin  Kow 
ell.  lie  moved  ti>  Whilosiile  eounty,  I  llinoi.s.  In 
1838  with  his  fatlu'r,  and  in  18  12,  moved 
to  Uock  Island  county,  Illinois.  In  ls5il 
ho  journeyed  with  his  father  and  family 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  and  settled  at 
Sehalby  l''erry,  Washington  county,  whore  li<( 
now  resiiles.  lie  was  married  Nnveiiiber  15, 
1871.  to  Ann  Ueb(!<'ca  .lack.  She  bore  him 
four  children:  Frances  K,.  age(l  sixteen; 
.lames  A.,  aged  thirteen;  Cassie  II.,  aged  ten; 
and  Inu  I.  aged  three  years.  His  father  and 
mother,  two  brothers  and  two  sisters  have  jiassed 
away.  His  twin  iirother,  .laiints  I!.,  is  still  living, 
a  ivsideiit  of  West  Chohali^m,  ^'am  Hill  county, 
while  his  only  surviving  sister,  Mrs.  Lydi.a  W. 
l.arne,  resides  in  Portland. 


,^I)\VAU1)    LON(}  was   an  Oregon    pi ler 

WfA  ^^  ^^'^"^^  '""■"  in  Columbus.  Franklin  eonn- 
"^jjfqty,  Ohio,  .lune  3.  1817.  His  ancestors  were 
Puritans  and  emigrated  from  Londonderry,  now 
Dorry,  New  Ilampshiro.  in  1721.  The  emi- 
grants who  settliMl  that  town  were  cd'  the  .lohn 
Knox  school,  and  are  called  Scotch-Irish,  being 
descendants  of  a  colony  which  migrated  fnuii 
Argyleshire,  Scotland,  and  settled  in  the  province 
of  Ulster  in  the  north  of  Ireland  about  11)12. 
Soon  after  the  evacuation  of  Nova  Scotia  by  the 
French,  about  1703,  a  large  number  of  familios, 
among  whom  were  the  grandparents  of  Edward 
Long,  moved  from  New  Hampshire  to  Truro,  a 
small  town  at  tho  head  cf  the  bay  of  l'"uiidy,  in 
tho  province  of  Nova  Scotia.  II  is  father,  Matthew 
Long,  and  his  mother  Margaret  Long,  ntv;  Tay- 
lor, emigrated  from  Nova  Scotia  in  tho  year 
1800  to(;iiillicothe,  Ohio,  and  in  1809  removed 
to  Columbus,  where  Matthew  Long  followed  his 
rr.ide  of  carpentering  until  1832.  Then  lus  died, 
leaving  a  wife  and  four  sons  to  nionrii  his  loss. 
The  second  son,  tho  subject  of  this  mention, 
was  but  liveyear.s  old.  and  the  family,  being  in 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corpomtion 


23  WEST  MAIN  STReET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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rcdiiccii  cifcninstiitici'ti,  lie  Wiis  ailontcd  l)y  his 
iiDcle,  Duvid  'laylor.  with  whom  he  lived  until 
tWL'iity  years  of  iiue,  eiinnoed  chictly  in  drivinn; 
stock  to  the  Eftsterii  market.  Then,  reiiuivino-  to 
Iowa,  ft  frontier  western  Territory,  lie  followed 
farinino;  and  stock  raisiiiir  until  the  sprinjr  of 
1847. 

(>M  .liinuiii-y  1!*.  Is4n,  he  was  married  to  Mar- 
tha .1.  Wills,' and  on  April  4,  1847,  they  start- 
eil  for  Oregon,  joiiiini;  a  comjiany  l)()iind  for 
this  place  of  ahoiit  one  hundred  |)eople  from 
' 'skaloosa,  Iowa,  called  the  ( >skaloosa  company. 
After  proceeding  ahout  two  months  they  over- 
look another  company  hound  for  the  same  place, 
who  had  lost  twenty  yoke  of  their  oxen  and 
could  luit  j)roceed  without  help.  Thoiioh  the 
hindrances  to  raiiid  travel  were  very  oreat,  the 
])rincij)les  of  humanity  existini^  in  the  heart>  of 
the  ()>kaloo>a  company  eaineii  ascendency,  and 
dividino;  their  teams  with  the  atllicted  oiu's  the 
'.\  'ivcy  journey  was  continued.  On  the  Platte 
river  they  were  delayed  sevcial  days  Iiy  their 
teams  >iampedine',  liieakino;  up  several  waoons 
and  killiiio'  one  child.  The  only  trouhle  from 
tlio  Indians  was  their  constant  effort  to  steal 
horses;  hilt  hy  oroani/.ation  and  diliuonco  their 
loss  was  very  small.  They  arrive<l  at  the  Dalles  in 
Octoher,  when  the  company  dishanded,  an<l  Kil- 
vvard  Loiio  and  family,  with  a  few  otherc,  made 
a  raft  of  loo  which  carried  them  down  the  Co- 
lumhia  to  the  Cascades;  and  from  there,  in  a  larifc 
l)attcau  heloiii  iiiiT  to  the  Hudson's  Hav  ("omiianv. 

f       r"^  .  I         • 

and  run  hy  tin;  Indian.-,  they  proceeded  to  Fort 
N'aiicoiivur.  avrivino-  lute  in  ( >.',ti>l)er.  1847.  Pro- 
curing- a  small  house  near  the  present  site  of 
East  Portland,  he  moved  in  and  spent  his  tirst 
winter  in  Oregon,  cutting  hoop-poles  for  the 
Iliu'son's  Hay  Company.  In  the  spring  of  1S48, 
he  firmed  a  partiici>liip  with  (leorge  ai'.d  Ja- 
cob Wills,  and  hiiilt  a  small  sawmill  on  the 
nresCiit  site  of  the  furniture  factory  at  Wills 
hurg.  The  liimlier  found  ready  sale  at  iSlOtt  per 
thousMid.  most  of  vvhicli  was  sent  hy  lioat  to 
the  San  Francisco  market.  In  184'J  lie  bought 
of  lS"tl'  Catlin  the  claim-right  to  w  lat  is  now 
known  as  tlu  Edward  Long  dointion  laud 
claim,  lying  south  o""  and  ad joii.ii;g  the  city  f)f 
Portland.  In  thespringof  185'!  he  sold  out  his 
one  third  interest  in  tlie  mill  to  his  partners, 
and  removed  to  his  claim,  where  he  lived  until 
188i{,  when  he  removed  to  his  home  on  the  north- 
east comer  of  Sixth  and  F  streets,  Ea-t  i'ortland. 
For  thirtv-three  years  his  home  was  on  tiie 
Oregon  citv  road,  the  principal  road  connecting 


Portland  with  the  WiUauu^tte  valley,  iind  many 
a  weary  traveler  found  food  and  shelter  under 
his  hospitable  roiif,  no  application  being  made 
in  vfdn.  .Most  of  his  time,  while  on  the  farm, 
was  occupied  in  ruisinjj;  fruit,  he  bciiu'' for  many 
years  one  of  the  most  extensive  growers  in  the 
State.  On  the  21st  day  of  .November,  1855.  his 
faithl'nl  wife  dei)aited  this  life,  leav  ing  her  hus- 
band and  four  daughttM's.  Sarah  J.,  Mary  E., 
.Margaret  V...  and  .\delma  .M.,  without  the  care 
of  a  kind  and  atfectionate  wife  ami  mother. 

The  following  year  iMr.  Long  was  united  in 
iiuirriage  to  Avis  M.  C'reswcU.  and  to  them  were 
horn  two  sons,  Henry  and  Edwanl  E.,  and  one 
daughter,  Avi.s  E.  On  April  :i4. 18<i3,  the  fami- 
ly was  again  bereaved  of  a  lov  iii}'  wife  and  mo- 
ther. 

Some  years  later  he  was  married  to  .N'aiicy  !,. 
(!hase,  with  whom  he  lived  hajipilv  the  remain- 
der of  his  life.  I'or  over  titty  years  .Mr.  Lon<>' 
was  a  freiinent  siid'erer  from  rheumatism,  which 
in  a  great  ineasiiro  broke  down  his  strong  con- 
stitution, and  after  a  lingering  illness  died,  on 
the  2()tli  of  February,  1889. 

Edward  i.ong  was  a  man  endowe<l  with  a 
strong  and  v  ig(iroiis  intellect  <'oinbined  with  en- 
ergy and  a  love  for  justice  ami  right,  and  was  a 
close  observer  of  the  golden  rule, — in  fact  as 
close  a  one  as  can  be  found  in  this  day  am'  'igo. 
Having  spent  his  whole  life  on  the  frontier,  his 
education  was  necessarily  limited,  but  still  he 
was    well   reail  and  jiosted  on  all  current  ifsnes. 

lie  took  a  great  interest  in  public  schools  and 
was  Director  twelve  successive  years  in  district 
Xo.  2,  jMultnomah  county.  He  deligliteil  in 
working  for  temperance  and  was  a  thorough 
jiroliibiticmist.  lie  lived  an  e,\(!m|plary  (Chris- 
tian life,  and  was  highly  respected  and  honored 
by  all  who  knew  him.  and  leav  ing  a  name  long 
to  be  remembered  ho  passed  away  from  a  life 
of  uscfiilnesii. 

Edwanl  E.  Long  is  a  native-horn  Oregonian. 
born  on  what  is  known  a.^  tlii»  Edwaril  Long  do- 
nation laud  claim,  adjoining  Portland,  the  15th 
day  of  Sept(Mnber,  1858.  His  early  life  was 
passed  at  home  on  the  farm  and  his  preliminary 
education  secured  at  the  ilistrict  school,  with  tin- 
isliing  courses  at  the  Willamette  I'niversity  and 
the  Poriland  liusiness  ('oll(>ge.  lie  followed 
farm  life  up  to  the  age  of  tvventy-oiii',  anil  his 
lirst  business  vctiture  was  the  iiurchase  of  the 
.Vmerican  Laundry  in  the  city  of  Portland,  wliicii 
he  successfully  operated  for  a  pcrioil  of  seven 
years.      He  thou  sold  out  and  engaged  in  a  gen- 


^m 


insroiiv  or  orshon. 


7113 


oral  real-estate  l)ii>iiii'8B  in  i-ity  and  snrlmi'lian 
|irt>])ei'ty,  and  is  the  owner  tif  fdHfideratiie  j)r(>|i- 
erty  in  and  around  I'ortland.  He  lias  also  suli- 
<livided  nineteen  acres  near  I'ortland,  east  side, 
nnder  tlie  name  of  the  "Kxccbior,"  and  selling 
it  as  residence  |iro|)erty. 

lie  was  married,  Jannary  4. 1S85,  in  Portland, 
to  Miss  liinma  Owen,  a  native  of  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon,  and  tliedanghter  of  M.  M.  ( )wen, 
an  Oregon  jiioneer.  To  tliis  union  has  lieeii  ad- 
ded one  child,  Harold  Milton.  Mr.  Lonjj;  is  a 
member  of  the  I'ortland  Chamherof  Commeice 
aiidofthe  Knightsof  I'ytliias,  and  isdeeply  inter- 
ested in  all  that  tends  toward  the  improvement 
of  Portland  or  the  boundless  resources  yf  Oregon. 


<-i- 


fAMKS  JOHNSON,  a  jirominent  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1844,  and  an  esteemed  retired 
farmer  of  Yarn  llill  county,  now  residing 
in  La  P^iyette,  is  a  New  Englander  by  i)irtli, 
having  been  born  in  Berkshire  county,  Massa- 
chuselts,  August  !i8,  1S14.  His  parents,  James 
and  Clarissa  Johnson,  were  both  natives  of  the 
Pay  State,  where  they  were  well  and  favorably 
known.  They  had  sexen  children, five  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  youngest 
of  the  sons,  and  accompanied  his  parents  to 
Onondago  county.  New  York,  in  which  latter 
place  he  was  reared  on  bis  father's  farm,  work- 
ing hard  nine  months  of  the  year  and  attending 
the  district  school  a  short  time  during  the 
winter. 

I'pon  attaining  his  majority,  in  183t],  lie  re 
moved  to  Tippc^canoe  county,  Indiana,  then  a 
new  and  sparsely  settled  country,  where  he  set- 
tle(l  on  100  acres  of  wild  land.  Here  he  farmed 
and  worked  at  his  trade  of  carpentry,  being  suc- 
cessful and  making  some  money. 

On  November  (i,  18;31»,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Juliet  Perkins,  an  estimable  lady  and  a 
native  of  Cattaraugus  county.  New  York,  where 
she  was  born  March  15,  1824.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Kli  Perkins,  a  native  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

Mr.  Johnson  and  his  wife  remained  uninter- 
ruptedly on  the  farm  until  1844,  leading  pros- 
perous and  happy  lives.  In  1840  their  first 
child.  Burr,  was  born,  and  four  years  later  the 
little  family  of  three  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon.    The  water  that  year  was  very  high,  and 


their  principal  danger  was  in  crossing  the 
swollen  rivers.  They  crossed  at  Topeka,  where 
they  entered  the  Indian  country.  They  hail 
some  trouble  with  the  Indians,  but  the  red  men 
were  afraid  of  the  white  man's  muzzleloailinu 
gun,  and  two  men  cipuld  chase  a  hundred  In- 
dians with  their  bows  and  arrows. 

When  they  passed  the  site  of  the  present  city 
of  Portland  thatjiroud  metro|)olis  was  unkimwn. 
(iiant  lirs  tossed  their  branches  in  the  breeze  in 
wild  abandon,  while  wild  deer  and  antelope 
roamed  the  place  at  will.  Xo  ruthless  hand 
had  disturbed  the  primeval  forest,  or  <'i\  ilized 
sound  shocked  the  peaceful  surroundings  of 
nature. 

Passing  this  solitude,  the  pioneers  came  on  to 
Oregon  City,  where  a  slight  start  had  been 
made  and  which  was  their  objecti\e  ])oint, 
which  they  reached  December  IG,  1844.  Here 
Mr.  Johnson  secured  work  of  Dr.  McLaughlin 
in  building  mills,  races  and  all  work  suited  to 
the  ability  of  a  stout,  young-carpenter. 

In  .November,  1845",  Mr.  Johnson  locateil  on 
his  donation  claim,  situated  east  of  the  j)resent 
site  of  La  Fayette.  It  was  a  most  beantif'-' 
place,  and  it  was  with  emotions  of  pleasure  that 
the  pioneers  took  np  their  abode  in  the  valley. 
The  Indians  had  kept  it  burned  over,  and  no 
more  delightfully  attractive  country  could  meet 
the  gaze  of  any  pioneer.  The  river  wound  in 
and  out  in  its  way  through  the  valley,  looking 
like  a  silver  ribbon  in  the  distance.  A  few 
emigrants  of  1843  were  scattered  at  intervals 
through  the  country,  but  so  far  apart  as  to 
render  a  long  travel  necessary  to  reach  them. 
Here  Mr.  Johnson  built  a  small  log  house, 
14  X  1()  feet,  with  a  little  shed  against  it  for  a 
bedi'oom,  and  on  a  mile  K(|uare  of  land  felt 
almost  as  Alexander  Selkirk  or  Kobinson  ( 'rusoe 
might  have  felt,  being  monarch  of  all  they 
surveyed.  He  sowed  twelve  acivs  of  wheat, 
and  until  it  grew  secured  flour  of  Dr.  Mc- 
Laughlin, in  Oregon  City,  to  which  place  the 
family  made  fre(|uent  trips  up  and  down  the 
river. 

.Mr.  Johnson  had  the  honor  of  having  built 
the  first  house  in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  it  was 
on  his  land  that  the  first  blacksmith  shop  was 
built  by  a  young  man  named  William  Clark.  A 
tanned  deer  skin  was  used  to  make  a  bellows. 
They  had  any  (juantity  of  tootlisome  venison 
and  other  wihl  game,  and  the  very  tini'st  i)rook 
trout,  living  altogether  like  lords.  Here  Mr. 
Jolinson  was  prospered   l)eyond  his  iiighest  an- 


704 


uh^ronr  of  oiiEaos. 


ticipntiiiiis,  ;;ii<l  in  \H\\'2  lie  cut  a  roinl  tlircjiif^li 
till'  ci'Mler  III'  tliu  |iro|iorl\,  lii.--  wilo'e  ',VM  iicrcs 
liciiii;  on  iitiu  i-iik'  iiiul  liis  mi  tlic  other.  On 
L'lieli  side  lie  niade  i^ooil  iiiiprosenii-nts,  jilaiited 
Hii  cxeelleiit  orelmril  on  eaeli.  anil  ereeteil  large 
anil  snlietantial  resiliences  ami  ^'ooil  hams  on  each. 
In  an  early  day  they  kept  lioardei's,  and  have 
had  the  lioiioi'  of  haviiii,r  had  at  their  tahle  sev- 
eral of  the  nKl^t  [iiuininent  men  of  <  Jrei^on  and 
the  Noitli\ve:-t.  among  which  may  he  ineiitioiied 
the  distinguished  jiiript,  .1  iidge  Matthew  I'. 
Deadv,  who  is  widely  known  and  einiiiently  rc- 
P|)eeteil  and  heloM'd. 

They  had  nt  one  time  a  i-ace  track  on  their 
land,  where  ^[r.  .lolmson  kept  his  horses  and 
had  large  races,  liut  when  the  hiid  ailment  at- 
tacked him  he  discontiniieii  it  aud  icmoved  the 
high  lioard  fence,  wi'ii  which  the  track  was 
surrounded 

In  1'^7'J  he  retired  from  his  farm  and  ])ur- 
chased  several  hlocks  in  l,a  l'"ayette.  on  wliicli 
he  liiiilt  a  eomfoi'tahle  home,  where  he  and  his 
faithful  wife  now  reside  in  peace  and  j)lenty,  in 
the  enjovinent  of  the  Messiiigs  of  life,  secured 
by  their  industry  and  economy. 

Tliey  have  had  nine  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  li\ing:  Their  son  l*>nir  is  prosperously  en- 
gaged in  the  livery  huainess  ii:  I'endleton, 
I'liiatilla  county;  their  son,  Ivipiire,  died  at  the 
age  of  twenty-six  years;  Julia  Ann  is  the  wife 
of  .lohii  (lark:  Wi-ight  is  on  the  farm ;  N'iohi 
and  lola  1'',..  twins,  became  the  wives  of  Koliert 
I'ieroe  and  Kichard  Malone,  respectively,  the 
former  now  residing  on  the  home  farm;  James 
K.  and  (iust  K.  aieonthe  home  f,i-m;  Kllcn 
married  U.  A.  Stewai'd  and  had  three  cliildreti ; 
her  husband  died  and  she  is  now  married  to 
Thomas  ( >tt  and  resides  on  the  farm;  Clara 
married  M.  A.  (Jill. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  .lohnson  have  been  married 
tifty  thi'ee  years  and  still  enjoy  i|nite  good 
health.  Tliey  have  had  twenty-seven  grand- 
children and  two  great-grandchildren.  In  1889 
they  celebrated  their  golden  wedding,  their 
daughters  arranging  the  entertainment,  which 
was  attended  by  the  older  grandchildren  and 
many  distinguished  friends,  numbering  seventy 
persons  in  all,  and  a  very  enjoyable  time  was 
had,  all  wishing  the  worthy  couple  many  happy 
returns  of  their  wedding  anniversary. 

Mr.  .lohnson  s  life  sjians  threei|Uartern  of  a 
century,  during  which  time  he  has  witnessed 
many  niHrvelons  changes,  and  one  can  nluiost 
envy   him    the   happy   experience.      Wonderful 


changes  have  taken  place  tliroiighout  the  whole 
country,  but  particularly  has  the  transformation 
been  remarkable  in  this  .Northwestern  coiiiitry, 
where  peaceful  solitudes  and  jirimeval  fore.-ts 
have  been  replaced  by  hustling,  busy  cities, 
great  manufactories  and  colossal  mercantile 
estalplisliments;  while  the  keels  of  giant  steam- 
ers and  shi])8  cleave  the  waters  of  that  once 
jicaceful  river,  which,  in  former  days,  was  dis- 
turbed by  only  the  ili|i  of  the  Indians'  paddle 
aud  the  swift  and  noiseless  gliding  of  his  birch- 
bark  canoe.  To  these  venerable  pioneers,  who 
have  assisted  in  improving  and  developing  the 
country,  is  due  the  highest  regard  of  all  sincere 
lovers  of  Oregon,  and  for  whom  all  should  join 
in  wishing  the  greatest  possible  good  in  this 
life  and  that  which  is  to  come. 


OUN  T.  KOUTS,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
18o'.i,  and  a  prominent'farmer  of  Vam  Hill 
county,  was  born  in  the  State  of  Missouri, 
luie  2!?.  1839. 
IIi>  father,  Larken  Fout>.  wa>  a  native  of 
North  t'arolina,  born  in  1812.  His  ancestors 
came  from  Germany  and  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  the  South.  Larken  Fonts  first  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Tallmt,  who  died,  leaving 
four  children,  of  whom  John  T.  was  the  tiiird 
born.  He  was  six  years  old  at  the  time  of  her 
death.  1 1  is  fatlu'r  was  again  married,  and  by 
his  si'cond  wife  had  eight  (diildren.  At  this 
writing  thri'c  of  the  first  wife's  children  and  six 
of  the  second's  are  living.  The  family  remoM-d 
to  Indiana,  thence  to  Missouri,  and  later  to 
Iowa.  In  1852  they  started  across  the  pli.ins 
with  emigrant  wagon  and  oxen  for  Oregon,  the 
family  at  that  time  comprising  Mr.  Fonts  and 
his  wife  and  four  children.  John  F.  was  then 
fourteen  years  of  age,  but  he  did  the  work  of  a 
man,  driving  ti'am  and  stock  and  making  him- 
self useful  ill  general.  On  the  way  Mrs.  Fonts 
was  taken  sick,  and  in  fact,  the  whole  fanily 
were  sick  when  they  reached  Portland.  The 
family  came  down  the  river  in  boats  and  Mr. 
Fonts  and  others  drove  the  stock  down  the  trail. 
After  recovering  their  health  they  ])ur<dia6ed 
tifty  acres  of  land  where  North  Vam  Hill  is 
now  located,  and  to  this  Mr.  Fonts  added  by 
subse(|iieiit  pnridiase.  lie  tinally  sidd  out  and 
removed  to  Washington  county,  where  lie 
bought  2(10  acres  of  land  and  resided    several 


JlJtiTO/ir    Oil'    OliKOON. 


m 


Vi'iii'rt.  I  >is|)ii>iiijr  of  this  ]inpjicrl_v,  lif  rt'fired 
rmiii  tiiniiiMi^r,  (.■iiiiic  ti>  V.'iiii  Hill  coiiiitv  mill 
I'LsjiJwl  ill  Ciirltdii  until  tilt'  tiirif  iit  lii>  dentil, 
ill  18S5.  llu  wa.-  a  iiiaii  of  iiiaiiy  (.'xtliiiable 
qualities,  and  was  a  cuiinibtaiit  iiiciiilier  oT  the 
lliiited  liietlireii  C'hiirch.  His  wicjnw  is  titill 
a  resident  of  Carltuii. 

Mr.  Fuuts  remained  with  his  lather  until  he 
readied  his  inajorifv.  workiiij^  nil  the  I'anii  and 
attending  scliodl  a  imrtion  ot  the  winters.  He 
Berved  during  the  iiidiaii  war  of  ISou-'oO.  which 
war  resulted  in  t!ie  Imlians  being  driven  from 
the  State  and  liroui;ht  to  terms.  In  185U  Mr. 
Fonts,  with  Mr.  (ieorge  Uowliind,  rented  the 
liowland  donation  elaiin  for  three  years,  lie 
married,  in  185'J.  Mis^  Kliza  .Sippiiii^ton.  and 
they  resided  on  the  farm.  Later,  this  jilaco 
was  di\  ided  aiiioii;^  the  How  land  family,  and 
Mr.  Fonts  |iiircliased  sixty  acres  of  it.  goiiij^  in 
delit  for  iiio.st  of  the  purchase.  Ainliitiuus  and 
energetic,  his  earnest  efforts  were  rewarded 
with  pr<i6peritv.  and  he  was  goon  enabled  not 
only  to  pay  hi>  debt.-,  init  also  to  iniv  out  other 
heirs,  until  now  he  has  311  acre>  of  tine  land  in 
the  choicest  portion  of  ( >regon.  On  this  prop- 
erty he  raised  on  thirty-five  acres  forty-one 
bushels  of  spring  wheat  to  the  acre,  and  has 
raised  fourty-foiir  bushels  of  winter  wheat  to 
the  acre.  He  has  also  been  successful  in  the 
stock  business,  keeping  cattle,  horses  and  sheep, 
ill  IHitl  the  nniireteiitions  residence  on  this 
place  ga\e  way  to  a  <'oiiimodious  and  well  ap- 
pointed one.  which  is  located  .-o  that  it  com- 
mands a  tine  view  <if  his  broad  acres  ami  the 
beautiful  valley  beyond  the  hills,  and  has  for  a 
tiackgroiind  his  woodland.  For  six  years  Mr. 
Fonts  resided  in  Carlton,  having  bought  ten 
acres  and  built  a  residence  there  in  1884. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fonts  have  had  nine  (diildren. 
Mild  all  are  living  e.xeept  one  son,  Fdgar  I. ,  who 
died  at  the  aire  of  two  years;  Mary  Iv,  tin?  old- 
est, is  the  wife  of  Charles  IJlack,  and  lives  in 
Clackamas  county  ;<  >scar  .1.  married  Miss  Lizzie 
Hargraves  and  lives  in  a  house  on  the  homo 
farm,  which  his  father  built  for  them;  Sarah  is 
the  wife  of  Robert  McCaskey,  and  resides  near 
by;  Annie  I.,  married  \V.  lliiiitingtoii.  and  lives 
at  Freeport;  two  daughters  ami  two  sons,  Addie 
and  Maggie  ami  Franklin  W.  and  John  Lester, 
are  single  ami  at  Inuiie  with  their  jiarents.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Fonts  have  been  w<u-tliy  members  of 
the  Christian  ('iiiirch  tor  many  years,  ami  he  is 
mie  of  the  I'llders  of  the  Church  at  Carlton. 
Mr.  Fonts  has  been  a  liepublican  since  the  or- 


ganization of  that  party  until  recently,  being 
now  alliliated  with  the  I'eople's  party.  IL' 
has  been  a  uieinlier  of  the  <trange  ami  aUo  nf 
the  Fanners"  Alliance. and  is  iiitcre.-ted  in  what- 
in'er  will  beiietit  the  farmers.  His  whole  life 
has  been  one  of  faithrnl  indu>try,  ainl  ha-'  re- 
sulted ill  Well  deserved  prosperity. 


SliANCLS  LAlKiF,  an  estimable  |>ioneer 
of  Oregon,  who  made  his  appearance  on 
the  scene  of  this  commonwealth  in  185(), 
was  born  in  Fayette  county,  I'ennsylvania,  Au- 
gust o,  1818.  His  father,  .lolin  Large,  was  born 
in  Mew  .Jersey,  while  his  grandfather,  Kbcnezer 
Large,  came  from  Kngland,  and  located  in  New 
Jersey.  Mr.  Large's  father  married  .Miss  Kliza- 
both  Fletcher,  a  native  of  Irelaml,  who  came  to 
America  when  sixteen  years  of  age.  They  Inul 
ten  children,  two  of  whom  are  living.  William 
and  our  subject.  The  former  resiiles  in  Iowa, 
and  in  181U  visited  his  brother  in  Oregon,  after 
not  having  seen  each  other  for  forty-two  years, 
or  since  our  siibje.:-!  came  to  this  State. 

Our  subject  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  na- 
tive State,  that  of  Pcnnsylvai'ia.  In  1840,  he 
removed  to  ( >hio,  where  he  learned  the  carpen- 
ter's traile.  at  which  he  worked  in  Circlcville, 
Springlield,  and  in  Cincinnati.  He  came  to 
San  Francisco  via  the  Isthmus,  and  first  went 
to  the  mines  on  the  American  and  Vuba  rivers, 
where  ho  worked  for  some  time,  doing  very  well, 
averaging  $lt)  a  day  while  he  worked.  The 
cholera  being  prevalent  he  was  glad  to  getaway. 
From  some  of  his  gold  he  had  a  ring  inatle, 
which  afterward  played  a  jiroininent  part  in  his 
wedding,  and  still  aclorns  the  hand  of  his  faith- 
t'lil  wife.  L'  ing  ('alifornia,  he  came  to  Ore- 
gon City,  wheie  he  resided  until  1851,  at  which 
lime  he  came  to  Forest  (irove.  Here  he  worked 
for  a  time  at  his  traila,  afterward  going  t<j  Vain 
Hill  county, and  purchasing  there  a  homestead 
claim  of  820  acres,  situated  one  and  a  half 
miles  northeast  of  Lafayette.  After  re.-idingon 
his  farm  for  five  years,  he  sold  out,  and  moved 
into  the  town  of  Lafayette,  where  he  resided  for 
twenty-one  years.  In  18()ii  and  1804,  he  worked 
in  the  mines  in  Idaho,  but  was  not  very  success- 
ful there.  In  1881  he  came  to  Forest  Grove, 
where  he  purchased  lots  in  a  desirable  location, 
on  which  lie  built  a  pleasant  home,  the  same  in 
whi(;li  he  now  resides.     The  house  is  suggestive 


7911 


UlSTOKY    OF    OliKdOX. 


of  ciniifi>rt.  iiml  it>  iipiicaniiicf  is  iimcli  en- 
liuiiccd  l)v  the  siiiTuiiiiilinu  jii((iiiiil>,  wliicli  iiru 
t;i>tefullv  liiiil  (lilt,  iiMil  iiddrm'tl  witli  oniiiiiii'iilal 
trLM'>  ami  hIii'iiIis. 

Mr.  Lai'j;e  wiis  inarried,  .Iiilv  -7.  1853,  tn 
Miss  Zcniiali  IJaviev.  ii  native  of  ('lai'i<f(H)ii!ity, 
(Hiio.  Ilcr  parents,  Daiiicj  I),  atul  Ik'tsi'v 
(MmiMPii)  Daili'V.  i-i-(i>^im1  liic  plains  to  Orcfjoii. 
ill  1S4-").  I'liiiiiii^  l)v  "av  ot'  Mt'c'kV  ciitulT,  ami 
lust  llicir  way  ami  siitlorcd  for  fuotl,  Mrs. 
I.ar^i'.  wlio  was  llicn  in  lu'r  tciilli  yi'iir.  still  re- 
call lliis  liarrowinj:  time  in  the  iiioiintaiiis. 
Her  falliiT,  residiii<j  in  Tillamook  eountv.  is  in 
his  iiinety-tirst  year.  Tlie  family  trace  their 
nncpstry  hack  to  tluMinioof  i.oiiis  XVI.  They 
were  earlv  settlers  of  the  .\inerican  coloiiie>, 
and  soiiH!  of  them  liecanio  distiiiijiii^lied  in  the 
ive\oliitionarv  war. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Larjre  ha\c  two  children.  Their 
daiiijhter.  Klizalii'tli  I).,  married  Mr.  Tlioiiia> 
JellVrsoii  Harris,  and  resides  in  Vain  Hill 
county.  Their  sun.  ('harles  L.,  is  a  siiceessful 
|ihysieiaii,  and  lives  in  Forest  Grove. 

Mr.  I,ari_re  is  a  meinlier  of  the  I.  ().  < ).  F. 
He  was  reared  a  (Quaker.  He  has  ahvavs  heen 
a  man  of  great  indiistrv.  and  iiossesses  many 
sterling  cjiiiilities  of  cliaracter.  all  of  which  are 
enhanced  hy  liis  liatiir.'iUy  kind  and  oMi|j;iiiil 
manners.  lie  has  retired  from  active  business 
pursuits,  and  is  now  enjoying;  in  peace  and 
comfort  the  accumulations  of  hia  earlier  years 
of  industry  and  economy,  both  lie  aii<l  his 
wortliv  wife  beini^  the  recipients  of  unbounded 
good-will  on  every  side. 

If  1  LLI  .\  M  II  K  X  R  V  H  .\  K  Ii  I  S  ()  .\ 
MVKUS,  a  hiirlilv  esteem»'d  citizen  of 
l~^ri  Forest  Grove,  ami  an  honored  pioneer 
of  I'SSi,  was  born  in  Howard  countv,  Missouri, 
eiirlit  miles  east  of  Fayette,  March"  i:5,  1830. 
His  ancestors  were  orijjjinally  from  (ieriiiiiny. 
where  his  irraiidfather  was  born,  who  afterward 
came  to  the  I'nited  States,  locating  in  Kcii- 
tu(d<v.  thence  reiiio\ini»  to  Missouri,  wliere  lie 
was  killed  in  a  liaht  with  the  Indians  in  1828. 
The  lather  of  tlii;  well-known  Colonel  Cor- 
nelius of  ( >rei^on,  was  in  the  same  lij^ht,  and 
John  W.  Myers  was  shot  thr.iigh  the  shoulder, 
from  which  woimd  he  afterward  recovered. 
John  W,  Myers,  the  faliier  of  our  siiliject,  wa 
boi'ii  in    Kentucky,   and    wlien   a   boy   remove 


wit'i  liis  parents  to  Missouri,  where  lie  was  well 
known  as  a  very  able  lawyer.  He  marrieil  Miss 
Flizabeth  .\dams,  a  nativn  of  Kentucky.  She 
was  a  daui^'hter  ot  John  Adams,  u  native  of 
VirfJtinia,  ami  a  inenilier  of  the  ceU'bruteil 
.\dains  family,  which  have  eoiilribnted  two 
illustrious  presidents  to  the  rnite<l  States.  They 
had  live  children,  tour  of  whom  are  living. 

The  si"  ^'ct  ot  our  sketch  was  reared  in  his 
native  countv  in  Alissouri,  and  there  received 
his  edi'cation.  which,  owing  to  the  limitecl  op- 
portiinK'cs  ottered  by  that  then  very  new  coun- 
try, was  very  iiieager.  and  he  may  be  terine<l  a 
self-made  man,  having,  by  perseverance  and 
iiaturallv  ^ood  intellect,  become  well  informed. 
His  father  died  in  the  fall  of  1851,  and  the  fol- 
lowing tpriiij;  Mr.  .Myers  crossed  the  jilaiiis  to 
California,  (Mjiiiing  from  there  directly  to  Ore- 
gon. When  crossiiii^  the  iilains  there  was 
cholera  in  the  company,  and  he  was  aillicted 
with  sore  eyes,  being  for  a  time  almost  totally 
blind  while  on  the  jilains,  and  distinctly  re- 
members giv  ing  81  a  |)Ounil  for  Irish  jiotatoes, 
with  which  to  make  poultices  for  his  eyes. 
With  the  excejition  of  tliis  incident,  their  jour- 
ni'V  was  a  safe  one. 

On  coining  to  ()regon,  he  first  stojipcd  at 
Sauvier  island,  on  the  Willamette  river,  where 
he  engaged  in  raising  vegetables,  which  were 
then  ill  gi-eat  demand,  but  the  Hood  of  that  year 
destroyed  liis  whole  crop.  In  1853  he  came  to 
Washington  county,  where  ho  taught  sclioid 
near  Reedville.  Soon  after  this,  the  Kogiie 
river  Indian  war  broke  out,  and  he  gave  uii  his 
school,  to  offer  his  services  in  the  war.  .After 
returning  from  the  e.\ped-i;:.ii  against  the  In- 
dians, he  again  engaged  in  teaching,  and  has 
the  honor  of  having  taught  the  first  school 
where  ItetMlv  ille  is  now  located.  In  1835.  lie 
taught  at  Hillsborough, and  that  fall  went  to  the 
Colville  mines,  and  while  there  the  Yakima  war 
broke  out.  He  returned  to  Ilillsborongh  where  he 
helped  to  organize  Com|iany  1),  First  IJegiment 
of  Mounted  Volunteers.  Of  this  company, 
Thomas  CorneliiiR  was  elected  Ca|itaiii.  and  .Mr. 
Myers  Second  Lieutenant.  He  rendered  in  this 
service  most  etticicnt  aid,  and  was  hoiKU'ahly 
discharged  at  the  dose  of  the  war.  Soon 
afterward,  he  helped  to  organize  the  Oregon 
Hangers,  and  went  on  the  cainjiaign  east  of  the 
mountains,  to  drive  the  Indians  from  the  coun- 
try. It  was  in  this  campaign  that  Ik^  distin- 
guished himself,  by  volunteering  to  go  on  an 
expedition  of    great  jieril,    in   order   to  obtain 


^^ 


nrsToiir  of  ofiKno.v. 


licirses  lor  the  C(iiiiiiinii(l.  Tliirt  siTvici'  wms  pcr- 
forini'd  in  a  highly  (•rc(litrtl)lc  iiiiiiiiier,  iiiitl 
resulted  in  tiie  huwcsh  of  tiio  i'iiiii|)iiii;ii.  (He 
1ms  Iteen  rc(| nested  to  j;i\eit  reeitul  oi'  tliiseani- 
piiign  in  ids  own  words,  for  this  work.)  I)nr- 
in;^  the  service  in  the  Vai%inia  war.  there  was 
iiineli  <lissiitisliiction  anionji  tiie  Milnnteers. 
whieh  several  times  threateneil  the  snccess  of 
the  exjiedition,  hnt,  to  the  credit  of  Lientenant 
Myers,  it  can  he  said  tiuit  lie  stood  bj  Colonel 
('ornelius  in  the  hitter's  heroic  efforts  to  prose- 
cnte  the  war  to  a  successful  termination.  These 
heroic  volunteers  were  so  scantily  provided  with 
provisions  that  they  were  ci>nipelled  to  kill  and 
eat  the  horses,  and  while  in  (irnnd  Uonde 
valley,  the  Major  asked  Air.  Myers  to  permit  his, 
(Mr.  Myers'i  horse  to  lie  killed,  as  it  was  in  the 
hest  condition.  She  was  a  heuiitifnl  little  gray 
tnare,  of  which  he  had  liecome  very  font),  hut 
he  suhmitteil.  and  she  was  sacrificed  to  .«ave  the 
lives  of  the  volunteers,  lie  had  ridden  her 
from  Ilillshoroufih,  anil  removed  the  saddle  from 
her  with  trreat  relnetanec  and  I'rief,  and.  under 
other  <'ireumstanees.  would  have  fouf^ht  to  ihc 
death  in  her  det'ense.  During  the  time  this 
company  was  in  service,  they  ate  many  horses, 
and  Myers  recalls  that  he  cut  the  first  steak  of 
horse  meat  over  eaten  by  Colonel  Kelly,  after- 
waril  Semitor  to  ('oiigre^s.  This  brave  little 
company  sueeoeded  in  overcoming  the  Indians, 
and  a  treaty  of  jH'ace  was  made. 

In  the  fall  of  1857,  Mr.  Myers  visited  Mis- 
souri, and  in  iSoiJ  returned  to  the  We.-t.  going 
tu  th(*  mines  at  Florence.  Oregon,  where  he  met 
with  fair  success.  A  year  later,  in  ISfiO.  he  re- 
turned to  Washington  county,  and  from  there 
went  to  the  Idaho  mines  in  the  summer,  return- 
ing to  Washington  county  every  winter.  This 
he  repeated  until  ls'f')4,  during  that  time  meet- 
ing with  reasonable  success.  He  wa>  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  Last  Chance  mine,  and  was  the 
Alcalde  of  the  mines,  ])resided  at  all  councils 
and  kejit  the  bonks. 

In  IsOl,  hesold  his  interest,  ami  returned  to 
Washington  county,  where  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  .lane  Stott.  an  estimable  lady,  highly 
educated  and  accomplished.  She  was  the  daugh- 
terof  Mr.  Samuel  Stott,  and  n  sister  of  Judge 
Stott,  of  i'ortland.  They  bad  eight  children; 
Minnie,  .Vnnio  \..  Francis  D.,  Rebecca,  Frank 
L..  Kate,  and  Lottie  (irace.  Their  eldest  son, 
William,  died  when  twenty-four  years  of  age,  a 
most  promising  young  man,  who  was  greatly 
lamented  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  All  of 
00 


the  children  were  born  in  this  county,  and  reside 
with  their  father  at  Forest  (irove.  The  faithful 
wife  and  devoted  mother  died  in  lss7.  sur- 
rounded by  her  loving  family  iin<l  friends.  She 
was  a  woman  of  unnsmil  intelligence,  and  pos- 
sessed many  charms  of  person  and  character, 
and  was  beloved  by  all  whoktu'wher.  She  was 
a  |)ioneer  of  iSol.and  had  been  married  twenty- 
three  years.  She  anil  Mr.  Myers  had  been 
acquainted  ten  years  before  their  marriage,  and 
the  severing  of  this  long  devotion  was  most 
distressing. 

In  ISt).").  he  jiurchased  a  farm  of  ii40  acres 
of  choice  agricultural  land,  on  which  he  resided 
and  farmed,  until  18s2.  at  which  time,  in  order 
to  atford  his  children  the  benetits  of  the  college, 
he  removed  to  the  city  of  Forest  (irove.  pur- 
chasing the  commodious  residence  where  he 
and  his  children  now  live.  Kach  summer  they 
return  to  the  farm,  which  he  continues  to  culti- 
vate. his|iro(lucts  being  grain,  horses  and  cattle. 

Mr.  Myers  has  been  a  consistent  Democrat 
during  his  whole  life,  and  takes  a  prominent 
part  in  the  councils  of  his  party.  He  has  fre- 
(lucntly  been  nomiiuited  by  his  party  for  Uepre- 
sentative  to  the  Legislature,  making  creditable 
campaigns  against  great  disadvantages.  He 
has  served  his  county  as  Deputy  Sheriff  for  a 
number  of  years,  in  a  most  efficient  manner,  re- 
tlecting  credit  on  himself  and  ]iarty. 

If  virtue  is  its  own  reward,  then  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  reipiires  no  words  of  commenda- 
tion for  having  carefully  followed  what  he 
deemed  his  path  of  duty,  and  enjoys  the  j)eace, 
if  not  happiness,  of  ac(]uittal  at  the  triliunal  of 
his  own  searching  conscience. 

;ILLIAM  FrQl'A,  a  i)rominent  citizen 
and  farmer  of  I'olk  county,  is  a  native 
.  .j^.,  t'l  Missouri,  born  ]S'ovember  22.  1837. 
He  is  of  an  old  French  family,  who  settled  at 
an  early  date  in  Virginia  and  were  active  par- 
ticipants in  both  the  Uevolutionary  war  and  the 
war  (f  1812.  His  father.  K.  J!  Fu(pia.  was 
born  in  Kentucky,  in  1802,  and  married  Mary 
II.  Warring,  a  native  of  his  own  State,  born 
February  15.  18().j.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
Colonel' Warring,  of  the  war  of  1812.  They 
had  a  family  of  four  sons  and  four  daughters, 
ai\d  removed  to  Missouri  in  183(').  and  to  Kan- 
sas in  1855.     Three  of  the  children  were  born 


If 


;t 


m 


708 


nisTour  OF  ohboon. 


ill  Kentucky  iiinl  four  in  Missouri.  In  isn4 
tiic  riitiuM-.  liKitiicr  iiiid  mI!  liilt  two  of  tile  cllii 
<lrrii  ciossi'il  till'  jiliiiiis  Id  ( )rci;on.  Tlicv  liml 
ht'VL'ii  WH^oiit^.  Iwciitv  volcn  of  oxt'ii  and  tlii'cc 
liiiiKJi'eci  lieail  c  if  cut  tic  Tims  tiii'V  I'l'ousei!  tlie 
c^rt'rtt  piniiis.  lilif  tiic  piitrinrclis  ofojij.  'I'liey 
wiiitfrcd  in  Idiilio.  mid  in  iSfi.")  I'unie  to  l*oll< 
coiintv.  wlici'c  till  V  piiiTJiiisi'd  a  lialf  (Section  of 
land  lit  l'ari<t'i'  Stilt idii.  Ilerc  tlir  fiitlici-  ii\i'd, 
I'liniiiiiy  ids  iiiiid,  until  Mni'cli  Iti.  ISSl,  wlu'ii 
lie  diid.  III  ills  st'\eiit\  iiiiitli  ycai'.  His  wife 
survives  liiiii  ami  resideil  on  tlie  farm  with  iior 
soli  in  lii'i'  oigiity-suvciitii  vear  wIkmi  tlio  writfr 
visited  tlie  family.  Siio  ia  ii  graml  old  Chris- 
tian lady  and  a  iiienilifr  of  the  Methodist 
('liiich  sinei!  her  sixtcciitli  year.  Slio  died  Sep- 
teinlpcr  !•.  ISH2. 

(>nr  siiliject  was  twenty-ficvuii  years  of  iij;e 
wlii'ii  the  trij)  was  made  across  the  plains,  hut 
he  did  not  sto|)  in  Idaho  with  the  rest  of  the 
family,  hut  came  to  I'ortland;  liowever,  lie  soon 
returned  to  Idaho  and  was  enijaged  in  driving 
and  dcaliiiif  in  stock.  The  following  year  he 
came  to  I'olk  coiinty,  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1S()7.  and  then  returned  for  the  second 
time  to  Idaho  and  was  in  the  stock  hiisiiiess 
there  ami  in  eastern  ( )regon  for  twelve  years. 
He  was  very  succsssful  and  at  the  emi  of  the 
twelve  years  he  returned  to  I'olk  county,  in 
187(),  and  purchased  |)art  of  the  land  he  now 
possesses,  his  present  farm  lieiiig  an  entire 
section  of  choice  land  at  I'lirker  Station.  lie 
has  since  that  time  heen  larirely  engaged  in 
general  farming  and  is  now  raising  hops  to  a 
large  extent.  He  has  just  had  erected  one  of 
the  largest  hop  houses  in  the  county. 

Our  suhject  was  married  in  1871,  to  Miss 
Caroline  Suvcr,  a  native  of  Oregon,  horn  Jan- 
uary 22,  l8oii,  daughter  ofJosepIi  AV.  Suvcr,  an 
Oregon  jiioneer  of  1844,  native  of  \'irginia. 
H(^  was  hoin  in  Berkeley  county,  April  11, 
1814.  lie  settled  a  donation  claim  near  Parker 
and  later  purchased  the  laiul  where  Suvcr  Sta- 
tion now  is,  the  railroad  having  given  it  his 
name.  He  was  an  industrious  farmer  and  very 
successful.  His  death  occurred  August  20, 
1890.  His  wife  died  in  1860.  He  had  heen 
reared  a  I'resliyterian,  and  hoth  he  and  his  wife 
were  worthy  good  citizens.  Mrs.  Fui|iia  now 
owns  the  half  section  of  land  adjoining  Silver 
Station  which  ]>reviou6ly  helongeil  to  her  father. 
This  she  takes  great  interest  in  having  im- 
proved, the  culture  of  hops  heing  carried  on 
as  well  as  other  farminir. 


.Mr.  and  Mrs.  !'"ii(|iia  have  lust  three  children, 
the  eldest  of  whom  livecl  to  lie  thirteen  years  of 
age;  .Jessie  diiid  when  seven  years  old,  and  I,o 
rena  when  four  years  olil.  They  were  heaiitifiil, 
]ironiisiiig  children  and  their  Iosh  is  deeply  lelt 
liy  their  sorrowing  parents. 

Mr.  l''u(|Uii  takes  a  ilcep  interest  in  all  that 
pertains  to  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
county.  He  wa.-  one  ot  the  organizers  of  the 
(Jransje  at  Silver  and  ijave  it  his  aiil  and  iiillii- 
ence.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat  and  is  a 
citizen  of  Worth  and  respectahility. 

l^ll.  THOMAS  .1  Ki'lF,llS(  )N  LKK,  a  prom- 
inent physician,  citizen  and  hiisiness  man 
of  Independence,  Oregmi,  is  a  native  of 
liollinger  county,  .Missouri,  horn  .N'oveinhor  24, 
1850.  His  father.  Dr.  W.  C.  Lee,  was  a  native 
of  Kngland,  who  graduated  from  (iardiu^r  Col- 
lege, London,  and  cmne  to  the  I'nited  States  in 
183').  He  came  to  Oregon  mi  18(i4  and  prac- 
ticed medicine  for  several  years  and  then  re- 
tired to  .1  unction  City,  where  lie  died  Kehniary 
18.  1881,  aged  seventy-three.  His  wife  is  still 
living,  aged  eighty  years. 

<  >iir  siihject  was  the  sixth  of  a  family  of  nine 
(diililren,  and  lias  made  Polk  county  his  home 
since  his  thirteenth  yeai\  He  was  educated  at 
St.  Louis,  graduated  from  the  Missouri  Medical 
College,  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  March  2,  1S7(), 
and  is  post-graduate  at  the  New  Vork  Medical 
College,  of  the  class  of  1892.  After  graduating 
from  the  Missouri  Medical  College  l^r.  Lee  be- 
gan practice  in  Independi^nce  and  soon  formed 
a  partnership  with  Dr.  J.  K.  Davidson,  now  de- 
ceased, who  was  an  expert  physician.  This 
partnership  proved  heneficial  to  hoth  and  they 
soon  had  a  large  and  lucrative  jji-actice,  which 
Dr.  Lee  has  continued  up  to  this  date,  enlarg- 
ing it  continually.  Dr.  Lee  has  risen  to  the 
tirst  rank  in  his  profession  and  is  a  skilled  and 
thorough  physician.  He  ludd  the  ofHec  of  Coro- 
ner as  long  as  his  practice  would  permit  him  to 
hold  it.  He  was  appointed  I'nited  States  Kx- 
aniining  Surgeon  under  (,'levelaiid,  which  posi- 
tion he  still  holds. 

Dr.  Lee  was  married  Decemher  24,  lH76,  to 
Miss  Emma  li.  Swaregin.  a  native  of  Lane 
(county,  Oregon,  daughter  of  .1.  S.  Swarengin, 
an  honored  pioneer  of  IS  17.  Dr.  Lee  and  his 
wife    have   iiad    two   daughters,  hut    lost  one. 


nisTonr  or  ojikhox. 


700 


F-ootft  Wiiifried,  liy  a  sad  acciilcnt.  Slie  and  a 
]>l!i3'm«tti  wcri!  l>lHyiiig  I'V  tlic  rivei'  wlien  tliuy 
siiw  II  Imy  ilrowiiiii^.  M'itlidiit  tlioiij^lit  of  self 
the  two  lii'iive  girls  run  to  the  rescue,  hii'  were 
themselves  s\ve|it  under  and  their  lives  lost; 
iind  rtitiioiigh  the  hoy  was  rescued  alive,  the 
liodies  of  the  ><irls  were  not  recov(>rc(l  until  two 
hours  afterward.  This  was  a  dreadful  atHiction 
tiithe  father,  mother  and  surviving  sister,  Nfyi'tle. 
anil  they  have  the  sytn])atiiy  of  the  entire  coni- 
muinty.  Tlie  funeral  was  the  largest  ever  held 
in  the  ccMiuty,  save,  perlians.  that  of  I'nited 
States  Senator  Xesmitli,  ahout  "J. 000  people 
attending  the  last  sad  rites  over  this  young  <fii-l. 
Dr.  Lee  has  erected  a  heautiful  monument  to 
the  memory  of  tlie  lieloved  one  who  risked 
lier  life  to  save  that  of  a  fellow  creature. 

The  Doctor  is  a  Ilo^'al  Arch  Mason  and  in 
politics  a  JetTcrson  Democrat,  lie  is  a  man 
of  great  kindliness  of  heart  and  loves  his 
profession,  lie  treats  the  rich  and  pctor  alike 
and  never  refuses  to  answer  to  a  call.  He  is 
a  very  lil.eral  ami  enterprisinir  citizen  and  is 
held  in  the  highest  consideration  by  his  fel- 
low-citizens. 

(AIT.MN  lU.WClS  A.  LHMoNT.— 
Anioni^  those  who  have  been  permitted  to 
pass  their  three  score  and  ten  years  is  the 
gentleman  whose  name  opens  this  sketch.  Cap- 
tain Lemont  is  a  representative  of  the  old  pio- 
neer stock,  and  jirohahly  there  are  none  now 
livincr  whose  advent  into  this  State  antedates 
that  of  our  subject,  or  who  is  more  entitled  to 
honorable  mention  in  the  paifos  of  this  volume. 
This  Work  would  be  incomplete  if  it  did  not 
perpetuate  the  names  of  those  sturdy  old  pio- 
neers who  aided  in  laying  the  cornerstone 
of  prosperity  which  we  of  a  later  ireneration  en- 
joy. Time  and  spac'e  permits  oidy  short  ami 
incomplete  mentio'i  of  these  lives  which,  if  told 
entire,  v.\.;;ld  ;naku  most  interesting  reading 
from  ''iiost  to  finish." 

The  birth  of  our  subject  took  place  in  Bath, 
Maine,  August  12,  1812,  and  he  was  the  «on  of 
James  W.  and  Hetsey  (Turner)  Lemont.  They 
were  both  natives  of  tlic  Pine  Tree  State,  and 
became  parents  of  seven  children,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  being  the  fourth  in  the  order  of 
birth.  The  Lemonts  were  of  the  old  Huguenot 
tock,  and  located  in  North  Carolina  early  in  the 


seventeenth  century,  (ieneral  Lemont,  for 
services  rendered  the  Frem^h  government,  in 
one  of  the  famous  battles  of  that  nation,  was, 
presented  with  a  coat  of  arms,  and  it  is  now  in 
the  possession  of  our  subject,  brought  to  this 
country  later,  when  its  brave  recipient  was 
banished  from  his  native  land. 

Captain  Lemont  was  reared  in  .Maine  until 
he  had  reached  his  teens.  The  male  iriembers 
of  his  family  had  been  seafaring  men,  and  such 
was  the  choice  of  our  subject  for  a  profession. 
In  the  early  ])art  of  the  year  1S2!*  he  sailed  in 
the  brig  "Owhyhce,*'  'ind  \  isited  the  mouth  of 
the  Cohnnbia  river,  in  the  fur  trade.  He  re- 
mained in  this  vicinity  for  two  years,  and  on 
his  return  homo  he  joined  aimther  fur-trade  brig, 
called  the  ••Sultana,"  lioun<t  for  the  Columbia, 
but  his  vessel  was  wrecked  February  20,  1832, 
on  an  uid<nown  island  situated  somewhere  in  the 
ocean,  about  450  miles  from  one  (jf  the  Society 
islands,  and  the  crew  were  forced  to  remain 
there  some  three  months.  As  there  seenieil  no 
hope  of  rescue,  the  brave  captain  of  the  "Sul- 
tana"' started  in  his  lannch,  and  after  encounter- 
ing bad  weather  and  many  hardships  succeeded 
in  reacdiing  Vashfi  island,  and  there  made  ar- 
rangements with  the  master  of  a  brig  t(j  go 
to  the  rescue  of  the  crew.  This  vessel  also  ran 
upon  the  reefs,  and  was  compelled  to  return 
without  reaching  the  shi|)\vri!cked  men,  but  later 
a  vessel,  ••Queen  of  Otaheite,"  was  sent  for  them. 
However,  in  the  meantime,  our  subject  with 
several  others  of  the  brave  men  had  purchased 
a  native  built  sloop,  twenty-two  feet  long,  and 
started  for  the  city  of  Valparaiso  which,  strange 
to  say.  they  actnally  reached  sixty-eight  day  i 
later,  having  sailed  4.000  miles. 

Some  three  months  later  our  heroic  subject 
again  went  out  uj)ou  the  seas,  joining  a  (taute- 
mala  privateer,  and  sailed  on  it  away  to  Cadiz, 
thence  to  Boston  in  an  American  vessel.  In 
1834  he  was  made  master  of  the  brig  Henry 
Tolennin,  from  New  York  harbor  to  the  West 
Indies.  In  183(5  he  was  sailing  master  .aboard 
the  steamer  Maniora,  the  first  American  pro- 
peller that  visited  the  port  of  Liverpool.  This 
vessel  was  afterward  engaged  in  the  freight  and 
passenger  trade  on  the  Mediterranean,  and  was 
wrecked  in  1837.  Our  subject  commanded 
other  vessels  until  1849,  when  he  became  jiart 
owner  and  master  of  the  vessel  John  Davis,  and 
again  sailed  to  the  Pacific  coast,  visited  Oregon 
and  in  1850  sold  the  ship  in  California,  returned 
to  the  region  of  tlie  Colmnbiii,  ^T|d  located  per- 


I',  ki 


800 


nrsToiir  of  ntiKnoy 


iimiifiitiv  III  Saint  llcli-ii.  wlici'c  lie  ciigin^ccl  in 
mfieluuuli^iiif;  until  1M»0,  wlion  ho  iftiicil  from 
liiiHinf8i4  lire,  lit;  Ktill  ownii  ii  ])Hrt  iif  it  donii- 
tiim  I'liiini  (if  5;i(t  acics  nil  jiicciit  to  tin;  town,  a 
|ioitioii  of  wliicii  is  tiinln'f  iiikI  tine  j;i'aziiif^ 
land,  ami  alxi  contain^  a  valiialilt!  Htonu  (jiiarrv 
nrnl  iiniluvi'lo|i('i|  coal  licils. 

Ill  ls;i(l  Captain  Lcinont  iiiircliiipcii  salmon 
at  tiiis  point  tVoni  tlii'  Indians  wiiiidi  were  packed 
in  .laniaii'it  rum  cauks  and  sliippud  to  Mustoii, 
and  tlii>  wiiH  undouhtLMJIy  the  tirst  salmon  ever 
shipped  east  from  tlio  I'licitiir  coast. 

Oiir  sidijeet  has  lieen  twice  married.  In  the 
city  of  liruss(ds  he  marrietl  .Miss  Kmiiia  Miir- 
tlon  July  lit.  1S;}7.  She  was  a  native  i  f  I, on 
don,  I'jij»lanc|,  ami  her  death  occurred  in  IHttl 
In  1S(;:5  he  marrieil  Mrs.  ,laiie  Caple»,  ai.^o  a 
native  of  Knj;iand,  hut  she  also  has  passud 
away,  dying  Septeinher  2ti,  1888. 

I'oliticaliy  Captain  Lemont  is  allied  with  the 
Ke|iul)iican  party.  He  held  the  ollicc  of  County 
Treasurei'  for  a  pcrioii  of  nine  years,  and  was 
one  term  .Vssessor.  He  is  a  consistent  memher 
of  the  Mi'llicidi^t  Kpiscoiial  Cluirch. 

When  ('aptain  Leinont  made  his  first  visit  to 
(>ii>^'on  he  lirought  the  first  peach  trees  there 
from  .luan  Fernandez,  and  Dr.  McLaughlin,  of 
the  IIikIsou's  liay  (Jonipany,  |ihinted  them  at 
Vancouver  in  iS'^'.t.  Although  past  eighty 
years  of  ago.  Captain  l.emont  enjoys  fairly 
good  health,  and  is  lilessod  with  a  good  memory 
of  past  events  of  interest.  He  is  a  man  of 
many  sterling  (jualities,  and  possesses  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  the  entire  community  in 
which  he  resiiles. 


l.\MrKI,  (JOZINH  was  among  the  very 
earliest  of  pioneers  to  the  wihl  recesses  of 
Oregon,  then  hut  little  known,  except  as 
the  haunt  of  wild  men  and  heasts  of  the  forest. 
He  was  horn  in  Mercer  county,  Kentm-ky,  July 
^i,  1821.  His  father,  .lohn  ('ozine,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Pennsylvania,  and  of  (lorman  descent, 
who  married  Miss  Sarah  Mradshaw,  a  native  of 
Virginia.  They  had  eight  children,  three  of 
whom  are  still  living. 

The  suliject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  his 
native  State  of  Kentucky  until  he  attained  the 
age  of  >ixtcci)  years,  wlieri  he  removed  to  Indi- 
ana. A>  an  example  of  the  influence  of  edu- 
cation, lie  mentions  that  before  removing  to  h 


free  ."^tate,  he  thought  the  .\li  ilitionists  were  a 
had  set  of  negro  stealers,  lint  when  he  arrived 
among  theni  he  changed  his  opinion.  He  re- 
sided in  Indiana  tor  six  years,  when,  like  manv 
<ith(Ts,  lioth  |irior  to  and  nince  that  linx^  his 
imagination  lici'ame  tired  hy  ihe  glowing  re- 
ports of  the  marvi'lous  advantages  of  the  ex- 
treme West,  {'onseiiucntly.on  thc^Sth  of  May, 
Is  13,  we  find  him  leaving  I'latte  county.  Mis- 
souri, hound  to  the  western  wild*  of  Oregon. 
He  was  at  this  time  twenty-one  years  of  age, 
the  very  age  when  hope  is  most  dominant  in 
the  human  hear'..  Although  alone  among 
strangers,  his  was  an  age  that  know  no  alien 
hilt  for  an  hour,  after  which  they  were  as  friends. 
Tims  it  was  natural  that  he  should  hecoine  well 
and  favorahly  known  among  the  owners  of  the 
fifty  two  wagons  that  performed  that  long  tno- 
notonons  journey.  lIowe\er  tedious  the  way 
might  otherwise  have  heen,  it  was  rendered  a 
Very  jileasant  one  to  ihe  siihject  of  our  sketch 
liy  the  presence  of  a  menilierof  Mr.  William 
Arthur's  family,  in  the  j.erson  of  Miss  Maliala 
Arthur,  the  youngest  of  seven  children.  Mr. 
Cozinc  recalls  with  enthusiasm  the  impression 
her  extreme  hoauty  then  made  on  liis  fancy. 
The  regard  was  mutual,  and  on  arriving  at  their 
destination  they  were  married,  on  March  29, 
184."),  and  on  the  8th  of  the  following  month 
they  took  a  donation  claim  of  (Md  acres,  on 
which  a  portion  of  the  ])ro^perous  city  of  Mc- 
Minnville  now  rests.  At  that  time,  however, 
all  was  new,  with  no  thought  of  the  future 
great  |>l•o^perity  in  store  for  the  valley,  with  an 
occasional  cahin,  like  their  own,  dotting  at  great 
distances  that  liixnrant  country.  Without 
dower,  other  than  good  health  and  natural  in- 
telligence, they  began  with  courage  and  even 
joy,  the  battle  of  life,  encouraged  by  each  others 
society  and  affection.  He  had  learned  the 
black>mitlis'  trade,  and  was  naturally  a  good 
mechanic.  They  thus  began  the  task,  always 
pleasant  to  young  hearts,  of  house  building,  and 
soon  their  cabin  was  raised  and  his  (dacksmith 
shop  l)uilt,  the  site  of  which  was  near  vlierc  the 
Hapti>t  College  now  stands,  and  it  is  safe  to 
say  that  our  first  parents  in  Eden  were  no  hap- 
pier than  they. 

Here  they  remained  uninterrupted  for  four 
happy  pears,  when  allured  by  the  gold  dis- 
coveries  in  California,  he  left,  in  18-48,  his 
courageous  wife  on  the  farm  in  Oregon's  wilds, 
amidst  the  Indians,  while  he  sought  to  increase 
tlieir  fortun^'B  by  mining  on  Feather  river,    riie 


SB 


HlHToliY   <t}f  uitKnnM. 


Ml 


Hot  <{ul<l  Nvliicli  liu  rdiilid  li(^  iiiiiilu  into  ji  I'iii^r, 
wliicli  now  iiiloi'iis  tlio  IiiiikI  of  lii^  faitlifiil 
wife,  \\w  slmrer  of  his  cures  I'or  t'lU'tytiijilit 
years.  Forluno  smilt'd  on  liis  ett'orts.  nnd  he 
returned  to  his  iioine  witii  SCOdO,  Since  tiieii 
the  exciteiiieiit  of  i.'ald-(lij{f^ino'  liiis  never  for- 
stvkeii  iiiin  and  he  Iihh  frci|uently  spent  inontlis 
in  proHpc'iinir  tor  tlie  precious  ore,  cooiviiiji'  his 
food  in  tiie  fryinir -putt,  and  wrapped  in  ids 
Mani<ets  at  ni^lit,  with  notiuni^  aiiove  idni  Init 
tlie  starry  <'anopy  of  lieiiven.  tlie  results  of  wlncii 
are  many  chdnij  in  various  parts  uf  the  country, 
wliicii.  wlieii  developed,  perliaps  ycurs  lience, 
when  tlie  orii.';iMa!  prospector  has  |)assed  away, 
will  yield  untold  wealth  to  his  decendants. 

Mr.  (Juzinc  returned  from  Califoi'nia  to  Ore- 
gon, where  he  continueil  faruiinf^  and  plied  his 
trade  as  vifrorously  as  ever  at  the  forjie.  Fi- 
nally tiie  city  of  McMinnville  commenced  to  as- 
sume coniniendable  proportions,  and  the  hardy 
pioneer  and  his  wife  were  instrumental  in  aicf- 
injr  its  upliuildini^,  contributing  to  evi-ry  enter- 
prise hnviuf^that  ol)ject  in  view.  They  gave  the 
colk'iie  twenty  acres  oftheir  cultivated  farm,  for  a 
cHinpus,  besides  aiding  it  liherally  with  money, 
and  "Father"  Cozine  was  one  of  the  trustees  for 
many  years.  Besides  this,  they  assisted  evcy 
church  mill  public  enterprise  of  the  city,  in- 
cluding the  public  schools.  ''Father"  Cozine 
and  his  good  wife  have  the  honor  of  beinir  the 
])ioneer  patrons  of  the  college,  thus  endeariiijj 
themselves  to  the  community. 

Out  of  tlieir  donation  claim  they  have  made 
several  additions  to  the  prosperous,  and  con- 
stantly increasing  city.  Mrs.  Cozine,  who  has 
always  been  his  'dietter  half"  has  given  him 
halves  in  everything,  and  still  has  more  of  her 
claim  than  he  has,  and  he  says  she  is  the  richer 
of  the  twol  They  have  made  as  many  as  live 
additions  to  the  city,  and  he  has  forty  acres  left, 
while  she  has  100;  he  also  owns  considerable 
business  property. 

In  1851  lie  built  a  beautiful  home,  which  is 
suggestive  of  comfort  and  retinement,  the 
grounds  of  which  are  tastefully  laid  out  and 
rendered  attractive  by  shade  trees  and  flowering 
shrubs.  As  he  could  not  live  without  his  shop, 
lie  built  a  good  one  near,  whore  the  pioneer  of 
1843  still  does  some  of  the  more  ditticult  jobs, 
which  other  people  have  trouble  in  doing.  His 
whole  form  snows  the  efforts  of  a  life  of  work, 
being  rugged  and  unusually  powerful.  He  still 
works  in  his  garden,  to  raise  the  vegetables  for 
family  use,  and  also  assists  his  wife  in  the  culti- 


vation of  the  llowcr-,  wliich  ulMiiind  in  profii- 
ion  aidiiMil  their  biautiful  liome.  Tliey  have 
had  eight  children,  tlp'oe  now  living,  all  oiwhcmi 
lire  comfortably  settled  in  life,  and  their  parents 
are  alone  again,  as  in  their  younger  days.  I,u- 
cretia,  is  the  wife  of  .1.  \,.  Story,  ami  resides  al 
the  !)allcs;  I'leasant,  lives  in  ScattU';  while 
.\uburii  is  the  wife  of  Kidiert  l-iiin,  and  resides 
in  i'ortland.  The  children  that  liMve  gone  be- 
fore are:  Clay,  who  dieil  aged  i'nur  years  iind 
ten  tiays;  i'ierce,  aged  nine  months  anci  tweiity- 
three-days;  Seth,  five  years  and  twenty  days; 
Sed,  throe  years  and  seven  months;  and  ilolin, 
two  years  and  fnur  days. 

Mr.  Cozine  bus  been  a  Iwepnbliciin  ever  since 
the  organization  of  the  party,  but  "as  recently 
become  a  Prohibitionist.  He  Joineil  the  I'ap- 
tist  Church  in  l^iH.  and  was  the  secimd  man 
immersed  in  the  State,  since  when  ho  lias  beei. 
a  Deacon  of  the("hurcb,  be  and  his  good  wife 
being  two  of  its  most  worthy  pillars. 

In  the  enjiiynient  of  excellent  health  and  the 
universal  esteem  oftheir  t'ellowincn.  aM<l  with 
characters  securtdy  l<nit  together  by  siic(rcBt'iilly 
enduring  so  many  trials  of  the  jiast.  tlicy  are 
jiursuing  the  even  tenor  of  their  way,  amiil  the 
best  wishes  of  the  Community  for  their  happi- 
ness here  and  hereafter. 


=^^^ 


tUTHKli  \V.  PLACF,  a  prominent  young 
busiMCss  man,  of  Haker  City,  Oregon,  w-as 
born  in  Haker  county,  Oregon,  .\pril  5, 
1804,  and  was  the  second  child  born  to  (Miarles 
K.  and  Mary  Ellen  Place.  The  fatlier  of  our 
subject  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1790,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Oregon.  He  had 
tli'^  appointment  at  one  time  of  head  fanner  at 
the  Siiiicoo  lieservation  some  time  in  the  fifties, 
In  1800  he  married  Miss  Kllen  Mock,  born  in 
1845.  Mr.  Place  died  June  0,  1S70.  age«l 
eighty  years,  his  wife  surviving  him  until  1878, 
wlien  she  too  died,  at  the  age  of  thirty-three. 
Mr.  Place  came  to  <  >regon  at  a  very  early  day,  and 
bought  the  land  where  Baker  City  now  stands. 
He  came  to  Powder  Uiver  Valley  in  1800,  and 
l)ecanie  a  very  wealthy  man  before  death.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  I'lace  had  four  chidren,  namely; 
Samuel,  Luther  W.,  Mrs.  Ida  Sisley  and  Linnie. 
Our  subject,  Luther,  attended  the  public 
school  in  Baker  City,  and  when  he  became  old 
enough  he  was  sent  to  the  Portland  and  I'ishop 


809 


IltsTOHV    I  IF    oUKiloS. 


m 


n  i  : 


i    !,     1 


Beott  AcHilciiiy  hihI  tlu-rt!  timk  all  tlii!  uciul(.>iiiic 
coiirni'.  liUtiT  III!  iittciidiMl  llif  I'oitlaiiil  *  iiiii 
iiicrcial  <  ollcjif.  fruin  wliicli  lie  ri'ci'ivoil  a  ili 
pliiiiia  wlit'M  111!  will*  twi'iilytwo  yearn  olil.  Mis 
HrKt  Iiiii»im!8i4  vi'iitiire  wax  tn  open  a  l)<>i)k  anil 
siatioiit-ry  ^loii!  in  Uakcr  City,  wliicli  liu  immi- 
tiniKMl  until  May,  I'^i'l,  wlicn  he  t'omicil  a  co 
nartncoliip  with  M.  Miller,  tlit'  lirni  licin^  Mil- 
ler iV  I'las'e,  in  a  lar^e  grocery  «t(ire  tliiit  m  do- 
in^' a  l)U«*ini'<»  «>f  liiiin  SlS.OUO  lo  S"iO,(MI(l  [ht 
year.  Tlii«  in  a  ^doil,  snli>tantial  Mrin,  !><itli  of 
till'  yiiiiiif{  men  ln-in^^  t  nterpriftinj^  ami  imiiis- 
triiius  anil  they  coniinand  tlic  Ih'kI  Iraili'  of  tlio 
city,  (hir  sniijei'i  owns  one  of  the  hebt  res'- 
tleiict'H  in  the  city  on  the  corner  of  I  Mace  ami 
Second  >trcct',  an  I  has  <ither  city  |iro|perly.  aUo 
other  valiialiln  oii.ri<le  |iro|ierty. 

Mr.  riace  w;i>  married  April  tl.  l.S^7.  to  Mw- 
Mollie  .Met  all,  a  native  of  N'ir^inia,  danjjiitcr 
of.lohn  A.  McCall.  Mrs.  I'laco  caino  to  <  )re- 
>;on  in  18H5  on  a  \  isit.  ami  was  nnirried  to  Mr. 
I'lare  while  heri'.  In  two  years  she  returned 
lionie  on  a  visit  to  her  father  and  little  sister, 
i.ml  on  her  return  hrouf^ht  with  her  her  wister, 
Di.ie,  who  now  makes  her  home  with  .Mr.  am 
.Mr^'  I'lace.  Mr.  I'lace  has  filled  some  res|ions- 
ihle  |iusitions  'aliiu  town,  heinj;  City  Treasurer 
one  term  and  served  two  years  in  the  City  Coun- 
cil. At  this  jircBunt  wiitinij  (^IS'J'i)  he  is  a  can- 
ilidute  for  County  Treasurer  on  the  l{e|iul>licnn 
ticket,  and  it'  honesty  and  |iii|mlHrity  will  in- 
fluence the  vote  he  cerlaiidy  will  he  electecl. 
Mr.  ami  Mrs.  I'lace' have  I  wo  little  airls:  Vivian, 
four  years  old.  and  K\a,  two  years  old.  Mr. 
I'laee  is  considered  ii  very  briirlil  young  man 
with  a  tine  future  before  liim.  lie  was  early 
lelt  without  his  jiarents,  liis  father  dyiiii^  when 
he  had  only  reached  the  noe  of  tour,  his  mother 
when  he  was  twelve,  liiit  he  inijiroved  his  o|i|iur- 
tiinities  and  has  made  himself  what  he  is.  lie 
lias  the  honor  of  havinij  been  the  first  child 
born  in  Maker  City.  .Socially  Mr.  I'lace  is  coii- 
nevled  with  the  IiRie|ienileiit  Order  of  <  >dd  i'"el- 
lows  of  Baker  City. 

T|^ILLIA.H  E.  AVILLIAMS.  of  Airlie. 
^-'I'Sul  ^'""^  county,  Orcfion.  is  the  younijest 
l*"^^  foil  ot  .lames  E.  Willinnis,  an  honored 
pioneer  of  1845.  Mr.  Williams  has  the  lioiior 
of  lieiiii;  the  owner  of  040  acres  of  land,  on 
which  his  father  settled  in  18-15,  and  on  which 


lie  wu>4  born  March  7,  1^5'i.  lie  is  a  Hue  look 
iiij;  nentleiiiiiii,  with  brij^ht  'lark  evec,  weij^lis 
275  poiimls,  but  is  very  active,  lie  can  run 
and  jump  on  a  liorsii  without  touching  him. 
Mr.  NVilliairiH  is  one  of  the  reprcHentativc  sons 
1  f  ( li'cgnn,  ami  one  of  whom  his  State  liti>  no 
rca.  mitiibe  a^llalm■d.  (For  history  nf  father 
and  family  >ce  bioi^rraphy  of  \V.  \V.  Williams, 
who  is  a  brother  of  snlijcct,) 

Mr  Williams  tells  the  following  sfury  in 
connection    with    the   early    settlement    of   Imh 

I  father  in  Oregon:  Mr.  VVilliHiiis,  Sr.,  brought 
Iii8  wife  ami  seven  children  with  him  to  ( )regoii, 
ami  the  lirst  iiifjht  they  were  in  I'olk  coiintv 
they  camped  on  the  banks  of  the  Liickamiitte. 
huriiij;  the  ninlit  there  was  a  severe  storm  and 
till!  river  rose.  Of  course  the  camp  was  Ihicided 
and  they  were  obliged  to  clamber  out  in  the 
darkness  and  move  their  tent  to  hi<;licr  groiiml. 

;   They   were  used  to  beiiif;  wet  ami  colil,  but   this 

i  seemed  a  little  w,)rso  than  any  other  wettinj^ 
they  had  bten  subject  to  durinj^  their  long 
trip.     .Mr.    Williams,  Sr.,   selected   a  ilonation 

!  claim,  and  by  steady,  hard  work,  succeeded  in 
I  making  a  success  of  his  life  in  (  >regoii.  lie 
was  very  import'  tit  in  the  politics  of  the  Terri- 
tory, being  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legisia 
tiire  and  having  held  several  county  oHices.  lie 
<lied  in  18(J."),  aged  si. \ty- two,  and  his  good  wife 
(lied  in  1S85.  ajjed  seventy-five. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  thirteen  years 
old  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  lie  was 
reared  on  the  farm,  attended  the  public  scIicmiIs 
and  remained  with  his  mother  and  became  her 
right-hand  man  in  running  the  farm,  until  her 
death.  He  inherited  fifty-three  acres  of  his 
father's  land,  and  with  his  mother's  aid  he 
ailded  to  it  from  time  to  time  and  buiiglit  the 
int^•re^t  of  the  other  heirs,  and  at  his  mother's 
death  became  the  owner  of  the  entile  jiroiierty, 
one  of  the  finest  claim-  of  this  rich  valley.  Mr. 
Williams  i>  a  member  of  I.  ( >.  O.  V..  and  in 
politics  he  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  lie  devotes 
the  whole  of  his  attention  to  his  farm,  lie 
resides  contentedly  on  his  farm,  where  he  has 
spent  all  of  liis  life. 

Mr.  Williams  was  married  October  7,  1870, 
to  Miss  Aiiiericaii  A.  I'rice,  daughter  of  I"".  U. 
J'rice  ami  (iiila  (Sini|ison)  I'rice.  She  was  born 
ill  I'olk  county,  February  7.  1850.  Her  father 
was  a  native  of  Virginia  and  her  mother  of 
Missouri,  and  they  were  Oregon  pioneers  of 
1840.  They  were  15a|)tiBt8  in  religion  and 
were  worthy  people,  who  died  in  1873  and  Feb- 


iiisronv  OF  (tiiKtioy. 


ft):) 


niiiiy    14,    IS'.M),    rt'spuclivcly.     Six    of   tlieir  | 
chililrcii   uri!   ntill    living  iiml  uru    ri'>«|it'i'.tiili|(',   j 
Wi'll-to'ilt)  riirmi'i-M   of    I'l'lk   (•(jiiiity.      Mr.  iiinl 
Mi'M.  Williiiini*  Imvt!   liiul  fuiii'  cliildii'ii,  all  hoiih, 
niiiiii-ly:     Miirciirt     Clvilp      \\'iiy<lc    liHiiipton; 
Floyil  Ali'MiiidiT,  hihI  ^V  :  "nil  K.,  .Ir. 

Mr.  \Villillrll^  Ih  h  plea,  i"  ,  lio8|iitiililt' ;,'t'Mtlc- 
inan.  ilib  earl}'  Ixiylinod  lioiiiu  waii  tlu*  liuiiic 
of  all  tin-  itinerant  ri'iaelierx,  tliojieof  tlie  Melii- 
(iiliHt  K|)i><-<)|)al  C  '  icli  Suii:.!,  in  |i'irii<Milar,  as 
liin  father  was  of  mat  faith,  but  'rum  tiiat  (hior 
riDiu!  were  turned  away,  and   lii»  Bon   ix  junt  iw 

h'lHpitHidu. 


flloM.VS  UrniEli  D.WIDSON,  wh.. 
lias  HO  acceptably  lilleil  the  ofKce  of  .Iiidi^t^ 
of  Marion  county,  <  h-ejron,  i»  a  native  of 
Greene  county,  Illinois,  horn  Noveniher  14, 
1833.  Ilis  father  was  Jitnie^  I>iivids(in,  a  na- 
tive of  the  liiuc-gragg  State,  and  a  giddier  in 
the  war  of  1812,  for  whicii  service  he  wan  pen- 
sioned l)y  the  (loverninent.  lie  was  nnited  in 
marriage  to  Miss  Amelia  .\ment,  also  a  Ken- 
tuckian  hy  hirth;  her  t'atlier  emigrated  to  this 
country  from  Holland;  he  had  been  e<lucated 
for  the  priestliood,  ''"t  was  converted  to  Prot- 
estantism, anil  joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church;  he  was  married  in  Kentucky,  to  Miss 
Metcalf,  a  relative  of  (lovernor  Metcalf,  of  the 
same  State.  To  .fames  Davidson  and  his  wife 
were  born  nine  children,  four  of  whom  survive. 
Judge  Davidson  is  the  youngest  born;  he  re- 
moved with  the  family  to  the  State  of  Iowa  in 
1831!.  March  1,  1847,  they  started  across  the 
plains  for  Oregon,  making  the  journey  with  o.\ 
teams;  their  company  formed  the  first  large 
emigrant  train  from  the  States,  and  consisted  of 
fifty  wagons;  at  Fort  Hull  tliey  divided,  twenty- 
live^  incr  by  the  southern  route.  'I'iiey  arrived 
October  0,  of  the  same  year. 

Salem  had  jnst  '^'en  jilatted,  and  a  few  little 
houses  built.  Mr.  Davidson  settled  on  (4ov- 
ernment  land  near  Salem,  and  the  first  year  of 
their  residence  there,  their  food  consisted  jjrin- 
cipally  of  boiled  wheat,  venison,  and  cofl'ee  made 
(if  pease.  They  improved  the  land,  and  the 
Judge  still  owns  and  occupies  the  portion  of 
land  which  his  father  took  up  forty-four  years 
ago.  He  was  sent  to  the  first  school  in  Salem, 
and  finished  his  education  at  Willamette  Uni- 
versity. 


Judge  DavidKon  has  devofcd  the  greater  por 
tion  of  his  life  since  arriving  at  njMn'rt  e.-!ate  |i> 
the  pui>uit  of  agricnlliire.  He  has  been  very 
siiccessfnl  in  breeiling  iiiid  raising  tine  sheep, 
and  in  l^Tti,  at  the  Oenlennial  Iv\ji(isition,  he 
wa-  awiirdci!  a  nii'dal  for  the  best  .Nleriiio  woul 
in  competition  with  the  world.  He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  nf  the  State  .\grieultural  So 
ciety.  and  has  always  taken  an  active  pari  in 
its  atfnii.-;lie  has  tilled  the  ollice  of  president 
with  great  satisfaction  to  the  niiMiibiiship. 

He  was  married  .Inly  t),  IHtiH,  to  NHs*  Mary 
S.  .\[elson,  a  native  of  Missoiiri,  and  »  daughter 
of  S.  D.  Melsiiii,  a  lesidem  of  this  St.ite  for  a 
(juarter  of  a  century.  There  have  been  born  to 
.fudge  and  Mrs.  I)avid>on  three  children:  .liilia 
Lauretta,  a  beautiful  child,  died  at  the  age  of 
live  and  a  half  years:  Tliomus  I.,  and  I.estir 
M.,  survive.  In  his  jiolitical  convictions  the 
.Iiidge  has  atliJiated  with  the  Demociii'ic  j)arty, 
having  cast  his  tirst  presidental  vote  for  Stephen 
.\.  Doiigla-.  He  has  been  prominently  identi 
(ied  with  local  p(llitic^,  and  in  18'J1  was  aji- 
pointed  C'ounty  Judge  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  resignition  of  .ludge  Waldo.  His  rul- 
ings have  been  governed  \>\  'i  conscientious  de- 
sire to  carry  out  the  spirit  of  the  law  and  mete 
out  justice.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity.  Iielonging  both  to  the  blue  lodge  and 
chapter.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  (Jliurch  for  years,  and  has  aiiled 
in  all  its  work,  contributing  freely  of  his  means 
to  all  movements  reijuiring  financial  sujiport. 
He  has  lived  a  life  above  reproach,  and  is 
justly  jiroud  of  the  result  he  has  assisted  in  ac- 
complishing in  the  development  of  the  county 
of  Marion. 


tEWIS  .UiUAMS,  the  pioneer  warehouse 
man  and  merchant  of  Lincoln,  I'olk 
county,  '*  "gon,  came  to  the  Pacific  coast 
in  1849.  He  was  born  Eebrnary  2!t.  1828,  in 
New  Jersey.  His  ancestors  settled  in  New.ler- 
sey  prior  to  the  Kevolution.  His  father,  Ste- 
phen .\brams,  was  born  there  and  married  Miss 
Lctitia  (?onover,  a  native  of  his  own  State. 
They  had  seven  children,  of  whom  live  are  now 
living.  They  removed  to  Illinois  and  resided 
in  Scott  county  for  a  number  of  years  ami  here 
tlie  father  died,  aged  sixty-two,  his  wife  having 
died  previously. 


i 


804 


HISTORY    OP    ORHaON. 


Our  subject  WHS  sovoii  ymwe,  of  li^u  wIumi  he 
went  to  live  in  liliiiuis,  jiiiiJ  ultiioiif;li  they  h>- 
catecl  ill  Scott,  after  tiiat  county  was  divideil 
they  found  themselves  in  Morgan  county.  The 
facilities  for  ohtaining  an  education,  at  that 
early  day  were  limited,  hut  Mr.  Ahranis  se- 
cured a  sliiflit  knowleifcof  the  three  "Us"  in  the 
little  log  schoolhouse.  When  he  became  old 
enough  to  look  out  for  himself  he  enifaujed  as  a 
boatman  on  the  river  and  remained  in  this  ]io8i- 
tion  for  three  years,  but  in  18-1:9  starteil  for 
California,  with  oxen.  As  he  was  young  and 
adventurous,  the  trip  was  only  a  pleasant  jour- 
ney.' lie  went  direct  to  the  nmies,  in  El  Dorado 
and  Placer  counties,  and  mined  on  the  .\ineri- 
can  river,  lie  did  a  good  deal  of  liard  work, 
but  was  not  rewai'ded  by  any  great  "Hnds."' 
Tile  milling  was  carried  on-  in  winter  and  he 
sufiered  from  exposure.  In  18(i2  he  came  to 
east  Oregon  and  at  Colville,  Washington  Terri- 
tory, was  engaged  in  running  a  store,  packing 
his  supplies  from  I'oiLland.  lie  was  there  for 
seven  years  and  met  with  fair  success,  and  from 
there  ho  went  to  l^ritish  C^oluinbia  and  sunk 
83(),UUO  in  the  mines.  In  IStiT  he  came  to 
Salem  and  from  there  to  Lincoln,  Spring  valley, 
where  he  purcha-ied  un  interest  in  the  store  of 
Mr.  J.  D.  Walling.  Later  his  pai'hier  was  ac- 
cideiitly  killed  by  a  horse  and  Mr.  .\bram;  be- 
came sole  j)ro|)rietor  of  the  business.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  mercantile  business  he  lias  been  en- 
gaged for  years  in  buying,  storing  and  slii|)ping 
grain,  liis  store  and  warehouse  are  situated 
on  the  banks  of  the  Willamette  which  alfords 
a  good  avenue  of  transportation  to  I'oi-thind, 
anil  the  remainder  of  the  eountry.  lie  has 
handled  as  much  as  25l),(MM)  bushels  of  grain 
per  annum,  but  the  railroads  iiave  interfereil 
with  his  busiiiei-s  interests  to  some  extent,  al- 
though he  continues  to  do  a  large  and  tloiirish- 
intr  business.  Mr.  Abrams  is  the  owner  of  a 
nice  resilience  in  Lincoln  and  a  tine  farm  of  2L(» 
acres  nearl)y.  He  built  his  home  in  ISOS.  In 
1870  he  was  clecti'd  IV>stmas',r  and  has  .dnce 
continuc(l  in  that  ofHcc. 

lie  was  marriivl  in  Illinois  in  IHtil,  to  Miss 
Marv  Shea,  a  native  of  that  State.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Abrams  have  one  daughter,  Lois,  who  is 
now  Mrs.  L.  Rea  Green  and  resides  near  her 
father.  In  18(>'J,  after  five  years  of  married 
life  Mrs.  .Mirams  died  and  her  lot-s  was  very 
deeply  felt  by  her  husband.  .After  remaining 
single  for  Hve  years  lie  married  Miss  I'hosa 
Wilteii,  a  native  of  Oregon,  chiughter  of  Joshua 


E.  Witti'ii,  a  native  of  Tennesse,  and  ( )regon 
pioneer  of  1852.  The  father  is  ileceased,  but 
the  mother  still  survives  and  resides  with  her 
daiiirliter,  .Mrs.  Abrams,  ajjed  seventvtwo.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Abrams  have  three  children:  Lettia, 
Carlton,  and  ('hester.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Abrams 
are  worthy  members  of  the  Methodist  Church. 
Mr.  Abrams  joined  this  church  when  it  was 
organized  in  his  place  and  has  since  been  a 
worthy  member  of  it.  lie  has  aided  in  build- 
ing the  house  of  worship  and  has  done  all  in 
hii  power  to  assist  in  maintaining  it  in  his 
county,  and  he  is  now  Steward  of  the  cbiindi. 
In  political  matters  he  believes  with  the  Repub- 
licans and  has  been  a  member  of  said  party 
since  its  organization.  lie  is  a  reliable  citizen, 
is  widely  known  and  is  held  in  high  esteem  by 
his  fellow-citizens  in  the  county  where  he  has 
carried  on  his  dill'erent  business  enterprises. 


fOlIN    T.    SIMPSON,   another  one  of  the 
Oregon  pioneers  of  184ti,aiid  a  well-known 
business  man  of  Sheridan,  dates  his  birth 
in  Missouri,  dune  20.  1841. 

The  Simpsons  are  of  Scotch  origin,  (irand- 
father  William  Simpson,  u  native  of  Tennessee, 
and  a  Haptist  minister,  n.arried  a  Miss  Kinsee. 
They  had  a  family  of  ten  children.  His  death 
occurred  in  1856.  Renjiimin  Simpson,  the  third 
of  this  family  and  the  father  of  John  T,  was 
born  in  Alabama.  He  removed  to  Missouri 
and  ther(!  married  Miss  Elzirah  Jane  Wisdom, 
a  native  of  that  State,  (irandffither  Wisdom 
was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  Our  >ubject 
was  their  (jiily  child,  and  he  Wi,s  left  motherless 
when  only  seven  days  old.  The  father  after- 
ward marrie.l  Miss  Nancy  Cooper,  by  whom  ho 
had  two  children  born  in  Missouri.  With  liia 
wife  and  three  children  he  croi^sed  the  plains  to 
Oregon  in  184t).  Arriv(>d  in  v  Oregon  ('ity.  he 
was  enixaireil  in  the  merchandise  business  until 
1852,  and  whih'  there  built  the  first  sawmill  on 
the  ('lnckamas  river.  In  1852  ho  moved  to 
Salem,  and  built  the  steamer  Oregon,  which  he 
ran  for  three  years  between  the  Willamette  falls 
and  Salem.  During  this  time  he  had  a  stori' 
at  Sublimity.  He  then  purchased  the  I'eter 
I'oley  farm  and  was  engaged  in  agricultural 
jnirsuits  two  ^ears,  aftc  which  he  traded  the 
farm    for    the    Neal  sawmill   property.      While 


nisroHY  OF  oHEaoif. 


nmiiing  tlu^  mill  lie  met  with  iiii  iicciilcut  wliicli 
iii'iii'ly  cost  him  his  life.  This  was  ii  tall,  i'miii 
the  (.■ttVcts  of  which  he  ri'maitu'(!  uiiconsi'ioiis 
st'Vt'i'al  weeks,  and  it  was  months  befm'e  he  fully 
iveovered.  In  185f)  lu<  went  to  the  (inuKh' 
lionde  Iiuliaii  reservation  and  was  einj)loye(l  by 
the  (rovernment- to  bnihl  a  dam  and  run  a  saw- 
mill, lie  |)tircha--eil  a  store  anil  also  conducted 
that  some  tinie.  Then  he  was  appoinlecl  Indian 
agent  at  the  Siletz  reservation,  and  while  there 
built  a  sawmill  and  two  schooners,  the  Louisa 
aii<l  the  t'lonora.  He  used  these  vessels  in  ship- 
ping lumber  to  San  Francisco.  After  this  he 
served  the  Government  as  Surveyor-Genei'al. 
and  later  as  I'ost-oftice  Inspector  tor  Oregon  and 
Washington.  HiMuoving  to  Tennessee,  he  held 
tlii^  same  position  in  the  South  for  several  years. 
In  his  early  career  in  Oregon  he  was  four  times 
elected  a  member  of  the  Letiislature.  first  from 
Clackannis  county,  then  from  Marion,  and  later 
from  I?ent(jn  and  Polk  counties,  each  time  serv- 
ing with  distinguished  ability.  His  life  has 
been  characti'rized  by  his  Chi'istian  graceu,  and 
as  a  minister  of  the  Baptist  Church  he  has  been 
instrumental  in  doing  givat  good.  He  is  now 
seventy-four  years  of  age.  He  and  his  wife  are 
residents  of  Selma,  Alabama.  Xearly  all  of  his 
twelve  chiMren  are  settle<l   on  the  I'acilic  coast. 

John  T.  Simpson  has  been  identifieil  with  the 
interests  of  Oregon  since  his  early  childhood. 
He  first  attended  school  in  a  log  cabin  in  Yam 
Hill  county,  later  was  sent  to  school  in  Clacka- 
mas county,  and  completed  his  education  at 
Salem.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  engaged  in 
writing,  teaching  and  bookkeeping.  He  spent 
ten  years  on  the  sound  in  Washington  Terri- 
tory. Retui'iiing  to  Yam  Hill  county,  be  taught 
school  at  Sheridan  three  or  four  years.  Tlien 
he  ])urohused  land  in  the  (irande  Konde  country, 
which,  alter  some  years,  he  sold  and  then  bought 
280  acres  of  land,  located  ten  miles  east  of  Sheri- 
dan. On  tins  property  lu*  has  since  lived,  en- 
gaged in  stock-raising.  He  aiso  has  an  office 
in  Shei'idan.  where  be  is  doing  real-estate,  con- 
veyancing and  collecting  business;  is  also  a 
notary  public. 

In  1859,  while  in  Washington  Territory,  Mr. 
Sim]>son  marriecl  Miss  Nancy  Martin,  a  native 
of  Missouri  and  a  <laughter  of  Jesse  Martin. 
Two  of  their  children,  Estella  and  William  H., 
were  born  in  Waslnngton.  The  former  died  at 
the  age  of  five  years,  and  the  latter,  when  in  his 
twenty-sixth  year,  was  killed  on  the  farm  by  a 
falling  limb.      He  left  a  widow   and    two  chil- 


dren, natives  of  Oregon,  as  follows:  F.  M.  an 
John  T.,   both    married   and    residing   in    I'olk 
county;    Nannie  ('..   Daisy.   .Maud  anil  Carl,  at 
bonii'. 

I'olitically,  Mr.  ."^inipson  is  a  Democrat.  He 
is  a  man  who  keeps  liimM'lf  well  posted  on  the 
generid  topics  of  the  day;  is  justly  prmid  of  the 
State  in  which  he  resides,  and  takes^i  deep  in- 
terest in  its  growth  and  development. 

fKNJAMIN  F.  HART.MA.N,  whose  arrival 
in  Oregon  dates  back  to  the  formation  of 
the  State,  government,  and  who  became  a 
prominent  factor  in  the  permanent  growth  of 
McMinnviUe  by  erecting  the  first  large  and  sub- 
stantial brick  business  block  in  the  city,  thus 
emphasizing  bis  faith  in  its  future  prosperity, 
was  born  in  Dansville,  Livingston  county.  .New 
York,  May  9,  1837.  His  parents  were  Henry 
and  Elizabeth  Catharine  (^Zerl'ass)  Ilartman,  both 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  both  of  Gernnin 
descent.  They  had  fourteen  children.  .\t  the 
birth  of  the  youngest,  both  iiiotlier  and  child 
died. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  eleventh 
child,  and  was  but  seven  years  of  age  when  his 
mother  died.  Her  loss  was  a  severe  one  to 
father  and  children  alike,  for  although  his  father 
continued  to  keep  liouso  in  order  to  keep  the 
family  together,  yet  the  care  of  a  mother  was 
sadly  missed.  He  was  reared  to  manhood  in 
his  native  State,  and  lived  at  home  until  his 
eighteenth  year,  attending  the  common  schools, 
and  later  learning  the  carpenters'  trade,  at  which 
he  worked  for  three  years  as  aTi  apprentic  ,  and 
one  year  as  a  journeyman. 

.Vt  the  end  of  this  time  he  embarked  by  water 
from  New  Y'ork  for  Sun  Francisco.  He  first 
went  to  Y'rekn,  California,  and  thence  walked 
all  the  way  to  Eugene  City.  Oregon,  where  ho 
took  the  stage  to  (^orvallis,  whence  he  walked 
to  Ilillsboro,  where  be  found  his  brother,  .1.  J. 
Ilartman.  Here  he  worked  on  a  farm  utitil  the 
fall  of  1859,  when  he  went  north  of  Portland, 
and  was  engaged  in  cutting  cord  wood  during 
the  winter,  after  wdiich  he  visited  California 
again,  where,  in  company  with  bis  brother,  he 
traveled  abont,  looking  for  work,  until  he  be- 
came indebted  to  his  brother  for  .S'liS,  and  finally 
commenced  work  near  Vallejo,  where  lu;  re- 
mained for  a  year  and  a  half.  He  then  returned 


W)(l 


nisidiiy  OF  ouKuuX. 


11 


to  ()i-e<i(iri  ill  till'  fall  ui  ISCil,  and  worked  in 
Yam  Hill,  Washington  and  Multiioiiiali  coiiii- 
tit's,  until  the  fall  of  18()'2,  when  he  rented  a 
farm  in  Washinjj;ton  county,  on  which  he  re- 
mained for  five  years,  rai>infr  wheat,  tiie  tirst 
crop  of  which  ho  sold  for  55  cents  a  htishel. 
Before  his  time  had  expired  he  sold  some  of  the 
wheat  for  .'?2.1()  a  bushel.  The  last  crop  which 
he  harvi'r-ted  niiiiiliered  0,500  bushels  of  wheat 
and  5.000  bushels  of  oats.  In  all  of  this  his 
brother  was  a  partner.  They  tinally  made  money 
enough  to  purchase  4()5  acres  of  land  adjoining 
llillsboro.  where  our  subject  re-ided  and  farmed 
successfully  for  three  yi-ars.  His  brother  then 
desirinir  to  return  to  the  East,  our  subject 
bought  his  interest  in  the  farm,  l)ut  upon  his 
brother's  return  he  allowed  him  his  orij^inal  in- 
terest at  the  same  price,  ^KOOO.  His  brother, 
however,  soon  became  dissatisfied  and  sold  it 
b^ck  again,  giving  him  a  mortgage  on  it  all  to 
secure  the  price  of  the  half. 

At  this  time  the  biiildiiii;  of  the  railroad  be- 
gan  to  be  agitated,  and  Portland  capitalists 
commenced  to  buy  up  the  land  on  the  route. 
Mr.  Hartmaii  at  tirst  offered  his  land  for  $8,000 
for  thirty  ilTiys,  but  it  was  not  taken;  so  lie 
raised  it  to  !?9,0O0  for  the  next  thirty  days; 
nor  waA  it  taken  within  that  time,  and  he  again 
raised  the  price,  this  time  to  !plO,000.  when 
Ladd  I't  Iteed  |)urcliased  it.  .Vfter  be  had  -old 
he  found  they  had  also  purchaseil  tlie  lanil 
which  he  had  intended  to  buy.  They  tinally 
engaged  him  to  superintend  their  farms,  at  a 
salary  of  $1,500  a  year,  ])i'oviding  for  iiimself 
and  wife.  They  iiad  ten  farms,  and  lie  fouiul 
the  task  of  their  sujierintendence  a  hard  one. 

When  through  with  rliis  he  came  to  Mc.Mimi- 
ville,  which  was  in  the  fall  of  1871,  and  here 
opened  a  store  of  general  merchandise.  In  tiiis 
new  venture  he  was  very  successful,  until  in 
1871  he  built  the  tirst  brick  store  in  tiie  town, 
on  tiio  corner  of  Third  and  ('  streets,  which  is 
still  standing,  as  evidence  of  thi»  correctness  of 
his  judginent  in  building  where  lie  did,  instoail 
of  selecting  other  sites  which  were  offered  to 
him  gratis,  but  which  he  as  often  declined. 
Around  the  location  selected  iiy  him  the  charm- 
ing little  city  of  Mc.Minnville  has  crystallized, 
growing  each  year  in  strength  and  beauty,  until 
it  threatens  to  rival  some  of  its  more  preten- 
tions sisters. 

Mr.  Hiirtmaii  continued  to  conduct  his  store 
until  1SS4,  when  Mr.  Ajiperson  came  to  the 
city  and  purchased  a  half  interest  in   the   busi- 


ness, and  tinally,  in  1885,  our  subject  sold  out 
entirely  to  his  partner,  since  when  Mr.  Apper- 
son  has  continued  the  business,  until  it  is  now 
the  largest  establishment  in  the  city. 

Ml',  llartinan  has  since  devoted  his  attention 
to  farming,  purchasing,  in  188(3,  407  acres  of 
land,  located  three  miles  west  of  JfcMinnville. 
This  property  he  has  improved  with  substantial 
residence  and  commodious  barns  for  stock  and 
grain,  besides  erecting  a  good  fence  around  the 
farm,  and  has  it  under  a  good  state  of  cultiva- 
tion, until  it  is  now  a  most  valuable  piece  of 
property.  I'esides  this  he  owns  considerable 
city  property  in  McMinnville.  He  has  retired 
from  active  life  on  the  farm,  and  resides  in  Mc- 
Minnville, where  he  has  engaged  in  the  agri- 
cultural implement  business. 

He  was  married  on  December  29,  18G4,  to 
Miss  Millie  Arthur,  a  native  of  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of  Richard  Ar- 
thur, a  well  known  and  highly  respected  pioneer 
of  1843. 

Mr.  Hartman's  politics  have  been  llepublicaii 
since  the  orgaiii/.ation  of  the  party,  in  the  or- 
ganization of  which  he  participateil.  but  he  has 
long  since  ceased  to  be  satislied  with  it  on  the 
temperance  ipiestion,  and  is  now  the  candidate 
of  the  Prohibition  party  for  Representative  to 
the  State  Legislature. 

He  was  a  charter  member  and  the  first  Past 
Master  of  the  A.  ().  U.  W.,  in  the  welfare  of 
which  he  takes  an  active  interest.  Ho  and  his 
estimable  wife  are  worthy  members  of  the 
Christian  Church,  to  the  support  of  which  they 
are  ever  liberal  contributors. 

Of  honest  intentions  and  of  great  firmness  in 
his  convictions,  he  is  a  power  for  good  in  his 
community,  sustaining  the  right  and  ijattling 
against  the  wrong  as  long  as  his  strength  shall 
last  or  life  be  spared. 

S^OSWKM,  I,.  I'.KWLKV.  a  prominent  far- 
^  iiier  of  Sliei'i<hin.  and  a  niitixc  son  of  Ore- 
^  gon,  was  lioi'ii  at  Salem.  DecenilH'i'  24, 
18(54.  I  .\  biogi'a|(hy  of  his  iiither  mid  family 
will  lie  ronml  on  aiiother  page  of  this  work.) 

The  -ubject  of  oiir  sketch  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farni.  ami  was  educated  in  the  academy 
at  I'ore-t  (ii'ove.  and  the  Itaptist  College  at  Mc- 
Minnville. Kiglit  years  of  his  life  were  spent  at 
^I('^^inll\  ille.      .Vfter  his  i'litlier's  death,  he  came 


utHfonr  OF  oRmoN. 


m 


into  |in,->('ssi()M  (if  llic  cstiitc.  iilioiit  5.0(10  iici-c.-- 
ol'  viilualilc  land,  ^itllilt(•(l  in  a  lU-liirlitl'iil  locality 
within  a  short  ilislancc  of  Sju'i'idan.  lloatuniv 
sottlcil  (Ml  this  |iro|)i'i-ty.  anil  has  since  hccn  con- 
(hictiiiii  farniinif  t)|iciations  on  a  larij;e  sciilc. 
He  jfivcs  nmcli  attention  to  the  rai>ini_r  of  tine  I 
siieep,  Dni'liani  cattle,  and  clioice  ('lydes<lale  j 
horses.  j 

Mr.  liewley   was  nnirried.  Oetoher  7,  1888.  to   j 
Miss  A'lna  ^dnn<r.  a  native  of   .New    ^'orl^•,  am 
a  Danijhtei- of  William  'I'onno;.     'I'hey  have  tvi- 
sons  tliat  they  liave  nanieil  .lanies  an<l    William 
in  honor  of  their  erandfathers. 


fKNJ.AMlX  nrUDKX  I'.It.VX.SOX,  a 
widely  known  and  hiirhly  resjiected  Yarn 
Hill  coniity  I'armei'.  and  an()reij;on  pioneer 
of  184S.  was  horn  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  Sep- 
temlier  4.  1830.  He  is  of  Knelish  ancesti'y  who 
emiii;rated  to  tlie  colonies  of  .Vmerica  in  1735. 
and  settleil  in  the  Sonth  and  Kast,  and  to  the 
Sontli  liranch  of  the  family  Mr.  llniuwon  lielonjrs. 
His  ancestors  |iartiei|)ate(l  in  the  war  of  the 
IJevohition,  some  on  one  side  and  some  on  the 
otlier.  and  in  the  late  civil  war  they  wt-re  also 
arrave(|  i\irainst  each  otlier. 

Nir.  lirauson's  father.  William  I'ranson.  was 
liorn  in  North  Carolina,  .lannary  9, 1791.  From 
that  State  the  family  moved  to  Sontli  Carolina, 
where  lie  resided  until  his  seventeenth  year. 
Tliey  then  moved  to  Ohio,  and  lie  worked  in  a 
p  in  Chillicothe  for  several  years, 
-one  he  went  to  Indiana, 
and  ti  'n<'e  to  Illinois.  In  the  latter  State  he 
iinrchased  200  acres  of  lanil  from  the  (roverii- 
iiieiit.  and  resideil  on  it  several  years.  He  was 
niarrieil  in  Indiana  to  Miss  Sarah  (iraves,  a 
native  of  that  State.  They  had  ten  children. 
She  died  in  18-10.  lie  married  a  secoiul  time, 
and  in  1848.  with  his  wife  and  seven  children, 
(three  hy  his  first  wife  and  four  liy  the  second) 
he  made  the  lonjj;  triji  across  the  jilains  with  ox 
teams  to  <  )reiron. 

■Vt  the  time  the  I'ranson  family  came  AVest. 
I'enjaniin  I!,  was  a  hright,  active,  fearless  youth 
of  eiirhteeii  years.  .\t  liear  river  their  journey 
was  marked  liy  two  events,  namely,  a  death  atid 
liirtli.  'riiomas  IJ.'teman.  a  yoiin^  man  without 
relatives  in  the  company,  died  of  nioiintain  fever 
anil  was  hiiried.  Tlie  same  day  Mrs.  .lereniiali 
Dickens    u-ave    liirlli   to  a  chihi.  which    child    is 


machine   slioji  in  Chill 
At  the  aj)-e  of  twcnty-i 


now  a  re>ident  of  Alhany.  ((renun.  When 
they  reached  the  Ihiriit  river.  Mrs.  IJchecca 
Dawson,  a  memher  of  their  com  pan  v.  a  ladv 
sevent\ -four  yeai's  of  a^'e  who  war-  coniiiio;  to 
Oregon  with  her  children,  died. 

Arrivcil  in  ( >reij;on  the  l'.ranson>.  took  nji  land 
at  ( iraiide  IJonde.  and  resideil  on  it  the  first  win- 
ter. They  then  settled  at  Willamina,  where  they 
purchased  (i4()  acivs  of  land  of  Harden  .lohnson, 
who  sold  ont  to  jro  to  California.  Here  the 
father  died  in  ISfiO,  at  the  aire  of  sexcnty  years. 
He  had  loiiir  heeii  a  memher  of  the  Methodist 
Clinreh.  and  had  lead  a  most  e\eiii|ilary  life. 
Mrs.  I'ranson  snhseqiiently  marrieil  Michael 
Shelly.      Her  death  occurred  in  iSll'.l. 

The  snliject  of  this  sketch  rendered  his  father 
valued  assistance  on  the  overland  journey  to  this 
State,  anil  heljied  him  estahlish  the  new  hoiiK? 
and  develop  the  farm.  He  hunted  and  fished 
and  ran  with  the  Indians,  hecomino-  familiar 
with  the  Indian  laniriiao-e.  There  is  perhajis  not 
another  man  in  the  .State,  who  can  speak  their 
lanirnajre  hefter  than  he.  In  ISol,  tilled  with  a 
desire  to  visit  the  irolil  reoions  of  California,  he 
persuaded  his  father  to  irive  him  an  outfit  for  the 
journey  upon  the  conditions  that  his  father 
should  have  half  of  all  he  made.  ,\fter  an  experi- 
ence of  thirty-one  days  in  the  mines  at  Vreka. 
the  watiM'  ^a\e  out  and  he  retiiriieil  to  (  h'ee'on, 
havine;  olitaiiied  §7011  and  takinij  it  with  liiiii. 
It  may  here  he  stated  that  the  contract  with  his 
father  was  kept.  The  next  summer  he  and  two 
hrothers  went  to  southern  Oreifon  and  eiiiiaired 
in  mining.  Kacli  returned  with  $700.  Five  of 
them  struck  it  rich,  in  oiieday  lakinirout  §"^,050. 
Mr.  liranson's  share  was  !^410.  The  same  com- 
pany found  on  the  north  fork  of  .lackson  creek, 
one  piece  of  gold  worth  Sl.~7"-i.  His  hrother, 
Isaac  .N..  picked  this  piece  up  ahoiit  a  mile  and 
a  quarter  ahove  the  present  town  of  .lackson- 
viUe. 

March  13.  1850,  i[r.  ni-.i!!SonV  father  pui'- 
chased  for  him  040  acres  of  land,  payinu-  for  it 
$,")00.  Oetoher  Isth  of  the  I'ollowi'nu  year,  he 
went  to  live  on  if.  ami  on  this  properly  he  has 
since  lived  and  prospered.  Two  yeiii's  hefore 
settliuii;  here  lie  had  camjied  on  this  very  place, 
near  the  jiresenf  town  of  Sheridan, 

Septi'iiiher  15,  1854.  Mr.  Mranson  niarrieil 
^liss  Kli/a  E.  Dickey,  a  native  of  Roane  county, 
Tennessee,  and  a  dauijhter  of  .lohn  Dickey,  who 
came  to  this  State  in  lS5i?.  They  had  thirteen 
children,  ten  of  whom  are  now  liviiio.  Mrs. 
I'.iauson  departed  this  life   A|iril  :2'.t.  isss,  after 


SOS 


II I  STORY  Oh'  oiimnoy. 


11  liiipjiy  iiiiii'i'ifil  lii'i'  of  tliii'ty  I'liiir  vciii'.-.  Sill' 
was  11  iiH'iiiln'r  of  the  l>ii|ili>t  Clnircli.  anil  u  wii- 
iiiun  whose  aiiiiahility  ami  irciiial  lios|iitality 
won  for  luT  liosts  of  frii'iuls'  Thi'  poor  ami  tlic 
ntH'ilv  anil  tlii'  .-tranifcr.  us  wi'll  as  tlii'  frii-ml.  iil- 
ways  foMml  a  Ufli'onii' ut  lu-r  door.  It  was  not 
iimisiiiil  forlii'rto  set  a  tiiMi' for  tifti'iMi  or  twi-nty. 
In  iMiT  Mr.  lli'imson  Imilt  a  connnoilioiis  ri'si- 
iliMifi'.  l-'ollo\vinir  aiv  till'  names  of  tlii'ir  cliil- 
<lri'n:  Sarah  Ann.  wife  of  ('.().  liiiriri'ss;  Jo- 
sephine, wife  of  \V.  \V.  Smith;  Klnora,  wife  of 
W.  .\.  lUair;  Kli/.a  .lane,  wife  of. I.  II.  Foster, 
ilied  March  '■),  ISHl.  leaviiiir  five  little  (lauifliters 
i']|pliraiiii  N..  who  is  inairieil  ami  is  eni>iiij;e(l  in 
farmiiio-;  Laura  \'..  wife  of  S.  M.  IVnlaml;  Ida 
M..  wife  of  K.  1,.  Harris;  iiml  ( )rl>a  K..  Siuii  (J., 
Lena  T.  and  (iertrnde.  at  ]u  iie.  ( )n  the  last  of 
1  >e('einlier.  IMKI.  Mr.  Briiison  married  Mrs. 
Klizalieth  T.  I'hillips,  a  widow  with  five  ehildren. 
her  luishand  inn  iiiif  lieen  killed  in  a  Kansas  ey- 
elone. 

NFr.  liranson  joined  the  I'aptist  Chiireh  in 
1S,")1.  four  months  after  the  ori£aiii/ation  of  tlie 
ehnreh  here,  and  has  since  heen  one  of  its  leadine; 
inenihers.  ha\  ine-  served  as  Clerk,  Treasurer  and 
Deacon.  I'uhlic-spirited  and  irenerons,  he  lias 
given  more  away  than  he  is  now  worth.  He 
was  one  of  the  incorporators  and  builders  of  the 
Narrow   Gauge    Railroad  in  1878,  and  foi    two 

fears  served  as  vice-president  of  the  company, 
n  185:i,  during  the  trouble  with  the  Rogue 
river  Indians,  he  took  an  active  part  in  helping 
to  subdue  the  red  men.  Politically,  Mr.  liran- 
son is  a  Repulilican.  He  lias  freijuently  served 
RS  a  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

At  this  writing  Mr.  Branson  is  engaged  in 
buildint?  a  residence  in  Shei'idau,  where  he  ex- 
pects to  sj)end  the  evening  of  his  lite.  Long 
may  he  live  to  enjoy  his  new  home  and  theeoin- 
panionship  of  his  family  and  many  friends. 


I  V  R  r  S  S^[  I  T  II  ,  a  successful  and  retire.! 
farmer  of  Oregon  and  respected  citi/en  of 
.Viiiitv,  was  born  in  (ieiiesee  county.  New 
York,  July'  -^8,  1820.  His  father,  Ira" Smith, 
was  born  in  \'eriniint,  September  18,  1800,  and 
was  a  desceinlant  of  one  (jf  the  Kiiglish  mission- 
aries, who  came  to  .New  Lnghinil  in  the  early 
history  of  the  colonics,  in  Ui'M).  (Jramlfather 
Oliver  Smith  was  also  a  native  of  the  great 
iiiountaiii  State. 


'{"he  father  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  mar- 
ried Miss  I'olly  rainier,  a  nati\(' of  Canada,  and 
they  had  si.\  children,  threeof  whom  survive,  the 
eldest  being  our  subject.  In  1826  the  family 
moved  to  Oakland  county,  Michigan,  in  the  early 
settlement  of  that  State. 

Here  the  subject  of  our  sketch  resided  until 
he  attained  his  twenty-sixth  year,  when,  on 
February  2,  1852,  he  started  on  the  long  jour- 
ney to  California  by  way  of  New  York  and 
Panama,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  August  28, 
of  the  same  yea.'.  He  first  went  to  the  mines, 
at  Marysville,  but  was  not  successful,  and  was 
obliged  to  chop  wood  to  pay  his  expenses.  After 
earning  ^."iO  in  this  way,  he  decided  to  try  fann- 
ing, as  all  kinds  of  produce  were  very  high. 

He,  accordingly,  went  to  the  head  of  the  !iay 
of  San  I'rancisco,  wlii're  he  farmed  for  a  year, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  produce  had  become 
])lenty,  and  he  left  tliere  with  only  $100. 

His  desire  for  gold  aTid  mining  then  retiirneil, 
and  he  went  to  Mud  Spi'ings.  in  Kl  Dorado 
county,  and  worked  hard  at  iniuing  for  six 
months,  but  was  not  successful.  When  in  poor 
luck  in  the  mines  he  met  some  Oregonians,  who 
told  him  that  there  was  a  demand  for  school 
teachers  in  Oregon,  and  ileciding  that  mining 
was  not  his  forte,  he  returned  to  San  Francisco, 
where  he  took  pas.suge  for  ( )regon  on  the  steanier 
Columbia,  and  arrived  in  June.  1854,  in  the 
tl-n  little  town  of  Portland.  With  all  of  Ids 
woii  ly  goods  in  a  carpet-bag  he  started  up  the 
valley,  in  search  of  a  school  without  ii  teacher, 
but  lound  them  all  supjilied.  liy  the  time  he 
had  reacheil  Yam  Hill  county  it  became  neces- 
sary for  him  to  do  sonu'thiug.  so  he  stopped  at 
Solomon  .VUeu's,  who  ha<l  a  small  store,  which 
he  was  hired  to  look  after.  He  workecl  therefor 
eiiilit  months,  dtiriuii  which  t'me  he  became  ae- 
ijiiainted,  ami  secured  a  school,  which  lie  taught 
fiir  about  thirteen  months. 

In  1855  he  married  Miss  Kliznbeth  .Mien,  an 
estimable  lady  and  a  native  of  Jackson  county, 
Missom'i.  where  she  was  born  in  1887.  She  was 
a  .laughter  of  Mr.  Solomon  .Mien,  who  hail  given 
him  Work,  when  he  was  a  stranger  in  need. 

After  his  marriage  he  engaged  in  farming, 
soon  after  |iurchasing  120  acres,  on  which  he 
built  a  small  house  and  pliinted  a  large  orchard. 
He  was  very  successful,  and  later  sold  the  prop- 
erty aihantageously.  purchasing  a  third  interest 
in  a  sawmill  at  Salcni,  which,  about  a  year  after- 
ward, was  consumed  by  tire,  but  he  rebuil  it  and 
soon  after  sold  it.      He  then  came  to  .\mity  and 


nisTonr  of  Oregon. 


8on 


iMHrawil  ill  iiici('li;.ii(li>iMi/,  wliicli  In-  coiitiiiniMl 
siU'ccssfuHv  for  -I'vcM  years.  At  tlicciid  of  tliis 
tiiiu'  111'  ti'mk'il  Inr  ii  lui'iii  <if  183  acres,  wliicli 
lie  iviitcd,  iviiiainiiiii  liiiiisclf  in  Aniitv.  From 
time  to  time  lie  liasaiided  toliixirij^iiial  jiiircliase, 
until  he  now  (in  18'J2)  has  510  acres  in  one 
hody,  located  three  miles  south  of  Amity.  This 
is  some  of  the  choicest  farmini;  land  iii  the 
county,  and  is  very  jirodiictixe  and  valuahle 
property.  He  and  iii>  t'aithfiil  wife  I'eside  in 
Amity,  where  they  have  a  jileasant  home,  with 
attractive  siiri'omidiiii;s,  where  they  are  eiijoyinir 
the  comforts  secured  iiy  their  industry  and  in- 
teihVence.  !>he  has  lieen  a  helpmeet  in  the  tru- 
est sense  of  the  word,  and  has  coutrihuted  in  no 
email  <leifree  to  his  prosjierity. 

Tliey  have  two  children:  Kiniiy  J.,  who  is  now 
the  widow  of  ^[r.  AV.  (i.  Ifawley,  and  resides 
with  her  |mreuts;  Alhert  (Jrant.  Ids  son,  is  an 
ahle  |)hysician  at  A  aipiina  Hay.  Oreifon. 

Mr.  Smitli  has  lieeii  a  IJepiihlican  ever  since 
the  orirauization  of  that  jiarty.  and  at  the  time 
of  the  civil  war  was  a  stronif  rnion  man. 

^IvA.  Smith  is  a  \vortliy  inemher  of  the  Pres- 
hyterian  Chnrch,  to  the  sii|)])ort  of  whidi  she 
contrilintes  lilierally  of  her  means  and  inlluence. 

They  are  liotli  e.-teemed  pioneers  of  their  town 
and  comity,  where  they  are  known  as  ujirie-lit 
and  eiiter|irisinir  jieopie  ami  worthy  cif  the  high- 
est ri'irard  of  their  iellow-men. 


-^^^^i^-^i<^^^^7<^ 


^OXORA  HI.  E  JOSEPH  A  LFPEI) 
m)  STKO  W  P.Ul  I)(i  E.  another  of  Ore- 
^Ij  eon's  adojited  sous,  was  led  liy  the  Star  of 
Empire  to  this  maifiiiticient  State  in  1853,  since 
when  he  has  been  ])romi?iently  identified  with 
the  interests  of  the  State  ami  with  those  of  lii.s 
favorite  city,  i'ortlaud.  lie  was  horn  in  iSIou- 
toiir  county.  Pennsylvania,  on  Deceinher  1. 1835. 
His  fatjier.  Pliili|i  Nl.Strowliridije.  was  idsoa  na- 
tive <if  Pennsylvania.  The  family  is  of  Scotch 
and  Enirlish  anci'stry.  who  located  in  the  Key- 
stone State  in  the  early  history  of  the  country. 
His  father  marriiMl  Elizaheth  K.Smith,  a  native 
of  Pottsville.  Pennsylvania,  a  daiiLrhter  of  Hen- 
janiin  and  Elizalietli  Smith.  Her  father  was  a 
participant  in  the  war  for  independence,  on  the 
side  ot'  the  colonies.  His  part'iits  had  eight 
children,  ti\e  of  whom  came  to  OiViion  with 
tiieir  iiarcuts. 


On  July  4,  18t)-l,  ^Ir.  Slrowhridge  was  mar- 
ried at  Oxford,  Ohio,  to  ^[i>s  .Mary  H.  ISodiiian. 
<laughter  of  Dr.  II.  A.  Hodman.  They  lia\e  live 
children,  all  horn  in  Portlaii<l. 

(  H'  excellent  hiisiiicss  ahility  and  in<loniitaiilc 
eiUM'gy,  he  has  heiit  circninstances  to  his  will, 
and  carveil  a  successful  career  out  of  the  crude 
possihilities  of  a  new  and  unimproved  couiitry. 
He  is  an  enthusiasticadvocate  of  everything  rela- 
tive to  his  favorite  city  and  State. 

^-^--^i 

fOC'TOK  AMMl  SIIH.EV  XICHoI.S, 
an  ahle  and  well-known  j)liysician  and  sur- 
geon, of  J'ortland.  Oregon,  was  horn  in 
Prescott.  AVisconsin.  on  .lannary  'I'l,  1854.  His 
father,  also  an  eminent  medical  man,  was  a  na- 
tive of  W'rmoiit.  The  family  originateil  in 
to  Scotland,  the  tirst  .\iiiericaii  ance.-torsl icing  the 
Rev.  Amnii  S.  Xicliols,whowas,formaiiyyears,up 
his  ninety-second  year,  a('oii<rr(>2atioiial  pastor  at 
Braintree,  Vermont,  where  he  died,  aged  ninety- 
four  years.  Several  memhers  of  this  well- 
known  family  participated  in  the  war  for  iuile- 
pendence.  Doctor  Nichols' father  married  Miss 
Emily  Porter,  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  a 
daughter  of  Benjamin  Porter,  who  was  a  de- 
scendant of  Jonathan  E^dwards.  of  Massachusetts, 
the  eminent,  divine  and  author.  They  had  ten 
children,  the  Doctor  being  the  elde.'^t  sou.  He 
was  reared  in  Faribault.  Minnesota,  attending 
the  Shattuck  Military  School  at  that  place.  He 
was  later  sent  to  Carleton  College  at  Xorthtiehl, 
and  later  still,  studied  medicine  at  the  Hahne- 
mann Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  gradu- 
ating in  187t).  He  then  took  his  father's 
practice  in  Minnesota,  and  had  charge  for 
a  year  of  the  State  Deaf,  Dumb  and 
Hliiid  Asylum.  In  the  fall  of  18~;>  he 
came  to  Walla  "Walla,  where  he  practiced  for 
two  years,  removing  in  the  fall  of  ISSO  to 
Portland,  where  he  has  since  continued,  meeting 
with  a  successful  and  reinniierative  jiractice. 
He  has  found  time  in  the  intervals  of  profes- 
sional duty  to  interest  himself  largely  in  the  af- 
fairs of  the  city,  purchasing  considerable  real 
estate  and  becoming  a  director  of  the  Portland 
Trust  Company.  He  is  an  active  member  of 
the  Homeopathic  State  Medical  Society,  and 
also  of  the  Multnomah  II,)meo[)rttliic  Soi'iety, 
being  tlu'  jiresidont  of  both  the  above  UHineU 
societies  at  the  present  writing,  - 


^;.1tl 


BI'M 


f- 


810 


lusronv  OF  oii/coo.w. 


IIi<  \va>  iriiiri-ietl  in  I'^T'.'.  to  Mi.-s  Fi'i'dcricii 
Smitli.  a  iiiitivc  dl'  l'liihi(lcl|iliiii.  Ilicy  Inivc 
tlirec  chililroii:  N'ciIm  S..  Aniiii  Mililrcil  iiiid 
ClitVord  E.  After  nine  ycais  of  liiippv  fniirried 
lifi',  lii.s  wife  did  on  .liuuiiiry  o,  ls8s. 

Tile  Doctor's  l)i'otlier,  Dr.  ('larciici'  I,.  Nichols, 
is  q.-sociati'd  with  him  in  pra' tici  uikKt  the 
■  rni  nanif  of  Doctors  Nichols.  Their  liclovcd 
and  rciin'ctcd  [larciits  iioth  rcsiiU'  in  I'ortlaml. 
Tiicir  fathiM-.  now  in  thi'  seventy-tirst  year  of  Ids 
ao;i..  iia>  lieeii  foi'  some  time  retired  from  actixc 
nuMJical  practice.  His  wife,  in  her  sixty-sixth 
year,  tiie  conijiainon  of  so  many  years,  is  still 
spared  to  comt'ort  his  days,  and  hand  in  hand 
are  still  joniiieyinir  on  tiie  path  of  life  toifethor, 
l)lessc<l  in  the  society  of  their  sons,  ,".nd  that  of 
nnmeron>  tried  and  true  friends.  We  have  but 
to  add,  what  is  so  evident  as  to  almost  dispense 
with  recital,  that  the  Doctors  Nichols  are 
worthy  of  all  esteem,  both  as  professional  prac- 
titioners and  as  men  and  citizens.  Honorable, 
I'dnoated  and  cnltnred,  they  wonld  adorn  .'iny 
society,  or  benefit  any  commiinitv. 

IPSKNDHKSON   W.   MUKPUY.  one  of  Ore- 

tgon's  most  famous  pioneers  of  1852,  was 
born  in  Warren  connty,  fUinois,  February 
3.  1835.  He  was  of  Irish  ancestry,  who  early 
settled  in  N'irginia.  and  (Grandfather  William 
]V[urphy  was  born  in  that  State.  He  married 
Is'ancy  Ferguson  and  they  had  five  sons  and 
three  danc^litei'S.  He  was  a  fai-mer  by  profes- 
sion and  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 
He  moved  to  Kentucky  arid  fiom  there  to  Illi- 
nois, and  died  there  in  1842.  His  son,  John 
E.  Murphy,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1807, 
and  he  was  reared  and  educated  in  that  State 
ami  there  marrieil  AHsS'  Frankie  W.  Doui.dity. 
a  native  of  the  same  place.  They  had  two  chil- 
dren in  Kentucky.  Susan  Jane  and  William  V. 
They  removeil  to  Illinois  in  1830  and  settled  on 
a  farm  in  Warren  connty  and  were  pioneers  in 
that  State  and  there  they  resided  for  twenty-two 
years.  In  1852  they  crossed  the  jjlainsto  Ore- 
gon with  a  laro;e  company  of  bis  children,  and 
sons-in-law  and  other  relatives.  This  was 
known  as  the  Murphy  train.  They  had  a  very 
safe  ami  >nceessful  journey  and  arrived  in  the 
AVillamette  on  the  last  day  of  August,  1852. 
He  took  a  donation  claim  near  where  Crowley 
))ow  i-,  in    Polk    county.     He    had    for    many 


years  been  a  minister  of  the  gospid  and  a  prom- 
inent member  of  the  Christian  Church  He 
brought  his  religion  across  the  plains  with  him 
and  became  active  in  the  ministry  in  Oregon. 
He  was  a  |)reachei'  of  ability  and  talent  and  was 
a  |)owerful  evangelist  and  held  nniny  meetings 
throughout  Oregon  and  in  |)artsof  Washingt(jn, 
and  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed  and  thou- 
sands vvho  heard  him  remember  him  with  grat- 
itude. He  was  also  gieatly  intere8te<l  in  educa- 
tional affairs  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  suggest 
the  founding  of  the  Christian  College  at  Alon- 
mouth,  and  to  his  efforts  in  its  behalf  it  owes 
much,  as  it  is  now  the  State  Normal  School, 
and  its  influence  for  good  is  destined  to  go 
down  the  ages.  He  was  one  of  its  Trustees 
and  financial  agent  and  devoted  a  great  deal  of 

]  his  time  and  energy  to  its  establishment  ami 
upbuilding. 

He  |ireached  in  many  new  fields  and  organ- 
ized man}'  ('hristian  churches  in  Oregon,  and  to 
his  energy  and  zeal  the  Christian  Church  of 
Oregon  owes  much.  His  house  was  one  of  lib- 
eral hospitality  and  welcomed  the  many  who 
came  within  its  doors.  He  was  greatly  opposed 
to  any  kind  of  0|>pression  and  used  his  power 
and  influence  to  liberate  the  slave.  His  father 
and    uncle  had   inherited   in    Virginia   a   large 

j  number  of  negroes  and  notwithstanding  that 
they  could  have  sold  them  for  a  large  sum  they 
set  them  all  at  liberty,  believing  it  to  bo  a 
crime  to  own  and  deal    in    fellow-men.     Wlien 

I  the  great  war  catiie  on  he  was  a  great  pf)Wer  in 
defense  of  the  I'nion.     During  his  long  life  as 

.  a  minister  of  the  gospel  he  had  made  many 
friends  and  there  were  sad  hearts  when  his 
death  occurred  and  ho  left  to  his  children  and 

1  posterity  the  ri(di  inheritance  of  a  good,  de- 
voted Christian  life  of  usefulness.      He  died  in 

'•   1870,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  life.     His 

(   wife  survived   him   until   Uecembcr  30,   1891, 

'  when  she  died  in  the  eighty-first  year  of  her 
age.     She  iiail  been  his  faithful  helpmate  in  all 

i  of  his  undertakings  and  had  seconded  all  of  his 
efforts  to  do  good.  Their  family  consisted  of 
twelve  childi'en,  Elizabeth  became  the  wife  of 
A.  W.  I.ucas  (soe  history  in  this  work);  H.  W. 
was  the  second  son  and   is   the  subject  of  this 

!  sketch;  James  T.  now  resides  in  Salem;  David 
Newton  died  in  his  tenth  yfiar,  in  Illinois;  Pres- 
ton H.  is  a  resilient  of  Independence;  Nancy  A. 
married  (leorge  iiowlaml  and  dieil  in  Polk 
county  in  her  nineteenth  year;  Mary  A.  became 

,  the  wife  of  C  Clirisman  and  resides  at  the  Dal- 


HISTORY    OF    ORROON. 


SU 


lea;  twin  siBtc^rs  wciv  l)orii  in  <>rciii)ii,  Emma 
ami  Kllii,  \]\i-  latter  ilicMJ  in  lier  tentli  year  and 
Kinina  became  the  witV  of  Scott  McMnrry  and 
resides  in  Kuj/ene;  lleiiderson  W.  was  tlio 
fourth  ciiild  and  was  seventeen  years  of  ago 
wlien  the  family  crossed  the  jilains,  and  he 
dro\  e  the  loose  cattle  and  came  on  foot  the  most 
of  tiie  way.  After  arrivinj^  in  Orej^on  he  at- 
tended school  in  the  first  little  schoollionse  in 
Monmonth.  When  he  hecame  a  man  lieenj^aged 
ill  the  stock  hnsiness,  bnyinj^  and  driving  to 
eastern  Oregon,  ami  was  enifaifed  in  mining  in 
Idaho.  He  returned  to  Polk  county  in  18(12, 
and  on  No\einber  18,  he  wa.s  married  to  Miss 
Kehecca  I..  Davidson,  a  native  of  Indiana,  born 
in  1842.  and  the  daughter  of  Air.  Henry  Ua\  id- 
son.  After  marriage  he  |)urchased  4:(i4  acres 
of  land  in  Linn  county  and  resided  there  ten 
years.  He  then  came  to  bis  ])resiMit  farm,  five 
miles  south  of  Imlependence,  where  he  has 
l,5t)()  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  has  tine  farm 
buildings  and  all  the  appliances  of  a  first-class 
farm.  His  business  is  stock-raising  and  he 
keeps  large  flocks  of  sheep,  as  many  as  l,(i(J(l 
liead  at  a  time.  Mr.  ami  Mrs.  Murphy  have 
liad  seven  children :  Sarah  is  the  wife  of  W . 
L.  Wells,  the  Sheriff  of  I'olk  county,  John  D. 
resides  on  a  farm  in  Alarion  county;  ( )mer,  Nel- 
lie, Katie,  Carrie  and  Chuid  are  at  home. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Murphy  are  both  members  of 
the  ('bristian  Church.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  they  are  both  widely  known  and 
much  esteemed  pioneers  of  Oregon. 


M^KXJAMIN  HEATER,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
9^  ()fls5l).  and  a  well-to-do  farmer  of  Yam 
\^  Hill  coiinty.  is  a  native  of  Bra.xton  county. 
West  Virgiida.  born  Eebrnary  l(t,  1S21. 

I'eter  Heater,  bis  father,  a  soldier  of  the  war 
(.f  lsl2,  was  born  in  I'ennsylvania,  a  descend- 
ant of  German  ancestors,  who  settled  in  that 
State  at  an  early  day.  His  nmther  Elizabeth 
(Wilson)  Heater,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  daughter  of  (Jeorge  Wilson,  a  Revolutionary 
soldier.  They  had  eleven  children,  of  whom 
only  three  are  living,  Henjamin  being  the  fourth 
born. 

In  18158  the  Heater  family  removed  to  Iowa, 
where  the  subject  of  our  sketdi  resided  twelve 
years.  While  there  he  was  married,  Feliruary 
JH,  1847,  to  Miss   Mary  J.  Shuck,  daughter  of 


Martin  Shuck,  a  jiioncer  of  1850.  They  bail  two 
children  born  to  them  in  Iowa,  Margaret  Eliza- 
beth and  .Mary  Jane.  In  18r)(),  with  bis  wife 
and  two  daughters,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  ( >re- 
gon,  his  brothers,  Lorenzo  I),  and  Solomon, 
also  being  in  the  coni|)any.  Mr.  Shuck,  Mrs. 
Heater's  father,  took  a  donation  claim  where 
Dundee  is  now  located,  and  Mr.  Heater  located 
his  ()4()  acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since  made 
his  home,  two  miles  and  a  half  northeast  of 
Newberg.  Here  they  built  their  little  cabin, 
and  began  life  in  Oregon  with  limited  means, 
their  willing  hands  being  their  chief  deiiendence. 
Their  bedstead,  table  and  chairs  were  rude  and 
of  tlieir  own  make,  and  the  little  firej)lace  was 
made  of  mud  and  sticks.  They  now  have  a 
nice  home  and  many  of  the  coinforts  and  lu.x- 
uries  of  life,  yet  they  have  never  been  happier 
than  in  those  pioneer  days,  and  the  reminiscen- 
ces connected  with  them  are  often  recalled  with 
pleasure.  After  coming  to  Oregon  they  had 
ten  more  children,  all  of  whom  are  living,  ex- 
cept two  that  died  in  infancy.  Seven  are  mar- 
ried and  reside  in  Oregon  and  AVashington, 
namely:  Margaret  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Leander 
Winter;  Mary  Jane,  wife  of  David  Judy; 
Susan  Matilda,  wife  of  Robert  Coutts;  Charles 
M.;  ("atherine  Lucinda,  wife  of  Daniel  B.  Put. 
man;  James  Albert,  who  is  married,  and  lives 
on  the  claim;  and  Martha,  wife  of  Richard  W^il- 
son.  The  following  are  unmaci'ied,  and  reside 
at  home:  Ro.xie  Ellen,  a  school  teacher,  and 
Earnest  Lincoln  and  Ulysses  Grant.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Heater  have  si.xteeii  grandchildren.  Roth 
he  and  his  wife  are  consistent  members  of  the 
Cliristian  Church,  and  he  has  been  a  Deacon  for 
several  yr.'^rs. 

Mr.  Heater  ca^t  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
James  K.  Polk,  but  after  the  firing  on  Fort 
Sumter  he  joined  the  Republican  ranks,  and  has 
since  voted  with  that  party.  He  and  his  good 
wife  are  representative  pioneers  of  Oregon,  and 
are  now  spending  the  evening  of  their  active 
and  useful  lives  in  the  comfortable  home,  wdiich 
tlieir  courage  and  industry  secured. 

Jil'IvE  McKERN,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
vbrt  1850,  and  one  of  Yam  Hill  county's  well- 
it^  to-do  farmers,  was  born  in  Orange  county, 
Indiana,  June  11,  1827.  The  McKerns  are  of 
Scotch  descent.     Orandfather  Michael  McKern 


w^^ 


813 


lu.sTonr  OF  uitixioN. 


i  Ml 


was  II  sdldicf  ill  tlii'  Kovoliitiimury  army,  (iiid 
his  son  Liil\i',  tlic  ftitlit'i'  of  (iiir  8iil)|\'('f,  a  iiii- 
tive  (if  N<iitii  ('iiroliiiii,  serveil  in  the  war  (if 
18 1"^.  Mr.  McKi'rn"s  mother.  Miss  Ilaiiimii 
Thrash,  was  horn  in  Virjfinia.  Ilor  fatlier,  Val- 
otitiiie  Tlirash.  came  to  tiiis  country  from  Seot- 
hm'l  previons  to  tlie  Revolution,  anil  tooiv  jiart 
in  tluit  war. 

Mr.  Mcivern  was  next  to  the  youngest  in  a 
Cainily  of  eight  ciiildren.  of  wlioni  ho  and  iiis 
sister.  Mrs.  McMurrcn,  of  Arizona,  are  tiie 
only  ones  now  living.  lie  was  reared  in  Iowa, 
to  which  State  the  family  had  moved  when  he 
was  a  child.  There  the  father  improved  a  farm, 
and  resided  on  it  until  his  death,  in  his  seventy- 
seventh  yeai'.  Tlie  motlier  died  in  Oregon,  in 
till'  eiirhty-seventh  yeav  of  her  aj^o.  Mr.  Mc- 
Kem  was  twenty-three  when  lie  came  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon.  The  first  winter  he  was 
enaatied  in  losai'iiT.  earninir  from  Sfi  to  820 
per  day,  and  in  the  spring  he  went  overland  to 
California,  and  mined  at  Scott's  har.  He  re- 
mained in  faiii'drnia  eight  months  and  was 
fairly  siiccessfid.  returning  to  Oregon  with 
81.200.  He  then  tooi<  the  donation  claim,  t)40 
acres,  where  he  now  resides,  a  mile  and  a  (]uar- 
ter  southeast  of  N'ewherg.  Soon,  however,  he 
returned  to  California,  and  wasengaged  in  pros- 
pecting and  trading  there  until  ls02.  He 
packed  to  the  Carihou  mountains,  a  distance  of 
2.000  miles,  making  from  ^25  to  .*!H0  per  day 
while  there,  hut  the  going  and  coming  took  up 
60  tnuch  of  the  season  that  the  liusiness  did  not 
pay.  lietnrning  to  his  claim,  he  has  since  de- 
voteil  his  time  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  now 
has  400  acres,  has  huilt  a  large  residence  on  it, 
and  is  comfortahly  situated. 

Decern  her  y,  ISoO,  Mr.  McKern  married  Miss 
Melinda  I'arrish.  a  native  of  Indiana  and  a 
daughter  of  Jesse  I'arrish.  The  I'arrish  family 
were  menihers  of  the  same  comjiany  in  which 
Mr.  ^[cKern  crossed  the  plains,  and  their  mar- 
riage occurred  in  La  Kayette.  Mrs.  McKern 
dieil  in  ls62.  Her  husband  had  left  her  in 
usual  health  and  gone  on  his  trip  to  the  Carihou 
mountains,  and  it  was  six  montlis  hefore  he  re- 
ceived any  intellig(!iice  of  her  death.  Tiiis  was 
tiie  saddest  event  of  his  life.  They  had  seven 
(diildrc!!,  four  of  whom  are  living,  namely: 
.Jessie,  at  home;  Hannah,  wife  of  Chai  les 
Christy;  Valentine,  oti  his  father's  farm;  and 
Edward,  who  is  in  Washington.  Eliza'ieth  lived 
to  lie  eighteen,  and  the  others  died  in  infancy. 
In  IsTo   Mr.   Mclvern    married   Mrs.   Mary  A. 


I'arrish,  widow  of  Jacoh  i'arrish,  and  a  daughter 
id'  Samuel  I'ai'rott.  She  had  live  children  hy 
her  lirst  hushand,  and  she  and  Mr.  McJCeiii 
have  three.  Her  son  Thomas  lives  at  the  old 
I'arrish  homestead,  and  lier  daughter,  Annie,  is 
the  wife  of  Alliert  Heater;  the  others,  Alice- 
William  and  S'.~'iel,  heing  with  their  mother. 
The  three  youn  .diildren  are  Itohcrt,  Michael 
and  Lillie. 

Mrs.  Mclver..  li  a  memher  of  the  Christian 
(Jhurch.  Politically  Mr.  Melvern  is  a  Dem- 
ocrat. He  is  a  fair  representative  of  the  Ore- 
gon ])ioneer,  and  hy  all  who  know  him  is 
regarded  as  a  most  worthy  citizen. 


If-MAM  Til  U  KM  AN,  an  aged  and 
respected  Oregon  pioneer  of  1^")2,  and 
,„,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
was  born  in  Illinois,  dune  7,  1883,  of  German 
ancestry,  who  settled  in  America  previous  to 
the  Revolution.  His  father,  Kdward  Thurman, 
was  horn  in  Virginia  in  1812,  married  Maria 
I'nlTum,  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  they  became 
the  parents  of  f()urtcen  (diildren,  of  whom  only 
six  are  now  living.  They  were  early  settlers 
in  the  State  of  Illinois,  on  a  farm;  the  father 
died  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  ag((,  and 
the  mother  snrvivi^d  two  years.  They  were 
Methodists,  and   industrious,  worthy  people. 

William  Thurman,  their  second  son,  was 
reared  in  Illinois,  on  the  farm.  When  he  was 
nineteen  years  of  age  his  brother-in-law,  Alex- 
ander Dyei'.  was  coming  to  (3regon,  and  the  sub- 
ject (if  this  sketch  joined  him.  They  ci'ossed 
the  ))lains  with  oxen.  After  reaching  Fort 
Laramie,  Mi'.  Thurman  was  taken  sick  with 
that  great  dread  of  the  emigrant,  mountain 
fever,  and  then  all  the  way  to  the  Dalles  he  was 
prostrated  with  the  |)lague,  becoming  very  low. 
When  the  fever  left  liim,  however,  he  suffi- 
ciently recovered  soon  afterward  so  that  he  rode 
a  pony  from  the  Dalles  to  Oregon  City. 

After  a!)ont  two  mouths  in  Oregon  he  had  so 
far  recovered  his  strength  as  to  go  to  the  mines 
in  .laokson  county,  on  Rogue  river,  but  did  not 
meet  with  great  success  there,  and  a  year  after- 
wai-d  he  returned  to  Yam  Hill  county  to  Mr. 
Huffui'i's. 

February  22,  1854,  ht^  mariied  Miss  Mary 
Dyer,  who  had  come  to  Oregon  with  her  sister 
and  brother- in-law,  d.  V.  Combs. 


ETntii'  \», 


nr STORY  OF  nnnnoy. 


8in 


abin. 


Ml'.  Tliurmaii  took  a  cliiim  nf  384  acres  of 
land,  Imilt  a  log  cabin  ii|hiii  if,  and  occiipieil  the 
j)lace.  His  ijcdstcaii  wuh  iiiailiMpf  |Miit's  fastonod 
tngetlier  with  wondcii  pins  and  to  tln'  walls. 
III!  had  a  littlu  buddini^,  a  teakettle,  a  bake  oven 
iiTid  a  tVy !!'.;;  pan,  and  with  these  Kiniplo  utensils 
tlicy  began  h(insekee|)ing,  as  true  pioneers.  Mr. 
TInirnian  h.-el  his  gun,  and  had  frecjueiit  opi 
tiuiity  to  kill  deer  from  the  door  of  his  cai 
He  raised  cattle,  sheep  and  ffrain,  and  pros- 
pered as  a  farmer.  At  length  he  was  able  to 
purchase  more  land,  and  now  he  has  a  line  farm 
of  SOO  acres.  Has  a  good  farm  rc>i(lenee,  whore 
tlic.se  true  hearted  pioneers  are  now  (piietly 
8|)cnding  the  evening  of  life;  and  their  life  has 
indeed  been  full  of  exciting  events,  hard  work 
and  many  little  losses  and  vexations.  A  son 
and  sonin-law  are  now  working  the  fai'uis. 

Mr.  'J'hurnian  has  had  eight  children,  two  of 
them  are  dcceaseii  and  one  i>  feeble:  Caroline 
married  Henry  Walker  and  had  four  children, 
and  died  in  her  twenty-soventli  year;  Hannah 
married  Frank  Coulter  and  resides  in  Amity; 
Joseph  resides  in  eastern  Oregon;  i[aigaret 
Isabel  married  George  Alderman,  i  farmer; 
William  W.  is  managing  one  of  the  farms. 

Mr.  'I'hurman  has  been  a  iie|)nbli('an  ever 
siiice  the  organization  of  the  [)arty.  During 
the  war  he  did  all  in  bis  power  to  sustain  the 
(iovernment.  Mrs.  Thurman  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  They  have 
been  uuirried  thirty-eight  year.s,  during  which 
tinu^  she  has  been  a  most  faithful  wife  and  aid 
in  all  tlij  vicissitudes  of  pioneer  life,  and  Mr. 
Thurnnm  has  made  a  good  record  as  an  upright 
citizen. 


:=«lliKW)<>| 


>*-t=- 


fox.  V.  A.  PATTERSON,  of  Independence, 
l'(dk  county,  Oregon,  came  to  the  I'aciKc 
coast  in  1852,  and  by  his  own  efforts  has 
not  only  gaineil  wealth  in  this  new  country  hut 
also  some   distinction. 

Francis  Austine  Patterson,  the  subject 
of  this  sketcdi,  was  born  in  St.  Clair  county, 
Hlinois,  opposite  to  St.  Lonis,  October  1, 
1835.  lie  is  of  Scotch  ancestry,  who  settled 
in  North  Carolina  early  in  the  lii-story  of  that 
State.  His  father,  Herbert  Patterson,  was  born 
in  North  Carolina  in  1811.  He  became  a 
worthy  Methodist  minister  and  spent  the  latter 
part  of  his   life   preaching.     He  married   Miss 

Bl 


Jane  McClintock.  anutive  of  Kentucky,  of  Irish 
ancestry  an<l  the  daughter  of  Mr.  .loseph  Mc- 
(Mintock,  a  well-to-do  Illinois  farmer.  .Sir.  and 
Mrs.  I'atterson  had  five  childien.  of  whom  three 
only  are  living. 

Our  se'iject  was  the  tlilid  ciiild  and  was 
reared  and  educated  in  Illinois  until  his  seven- 
teenth year,  when  ho  left  college  t(j  go  to  (!ali- 
fornia,  overland.  Hi*  father,  mother,  himself 
and  three  of  the  other  children  made  the  trip 
in  about  six  months.  After  their  arrival  they 
engaged  in  mining  in  El  Doi'ado  county,  where 
they  remaineil  together  about  si.\  months,  meet- 
ing with  good  success.  F.  A.  was  then  led  to 
take  an  interest  in  a  tunnel  onter])rise,  in  wdiich 
he  sunk  all  he  had  made.  Ho  then  went  to 
Contra  Costa  county,  where  ho  farmed  a  year, 
after  which  he  oaine  to  Oregon,  arriving  at 
l'ortlan<l  in  September,  1857.  Mr.  Patterson 
came  from  Portland  to  (^oivallis,  then  to  King's 
V^alley,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming,  and 
married,  on  the  3d  of  October,  1858,  Miss 
Caroline  Tatum,  a  native  of  Missouri  and  a 
daughter  of  Richard  Tatum,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1853.  After  his  marriage  he  resided  a  year 
in  Washington  county,  near  Hillsborough.  He 
then  came  to  Polk  county  and  settled  on  the 
banks  of  the  Rickreall  river,  on  100  acres  of  tho 
John  T.  Davis  ilonation  land  clain),  where  be 
farmcMl  for  soventten  years.  He  purchaseil  an- 
other farm  near  Independence  of  320  acres  of 
the  J.  E.  Davidson  donation  claim,  and  to  this 
latter  ])laco  he  then  came,  and  resides  here  at 
the  present  time.  Since  coming  near  Indepen- 
dence he  has  interested  himself  in  city  prop- 
erty, and  has  platted  two  additions  to  the  city, 
the  Patterson  tii'st  and  second  additions.  Ho 
helped  organize  fix-  I'olk  County  Lan<l  Cu-n- 
pany,  and  was  elected  president.  The  company 
owns  the  land  between  Independence  and  Mon- 
mouth. They  have  a  I'air  Association  and 
seventy-one  acres  in  fair  gi-ounds,  ami  have  a 
fine  race-track  and  hav,  platted  and  improved  a 
fine  park.  He  also  became  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  company  that  has  built  and  is  running 
the  motor  road  between  Independence  and  Mon- 
mouth, and  thus  they  have  shown  their  enter- 
Crise  and  have  already  done  much-  toward  the 
uilding  of  Independence  and  Monmouth. 
Mr.  I'atterson  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason.  He 
was  a  Democrat  before  the  war,  but  upon  the 
firing  on  Fort  Sumter  he  change<l  his  mind, 
and  has  been  an  ardent  Republican  ever  since, 
and  has  taken  an   active  part  in   the  ptlitics  of 


I  ' ' 


iill 


^i 


I' 


1  :Mr,i '■   \i; 


8U 


lllSTOIiY    UF    OHEaON. 


tlio  ciMiiity.  In  ISSO  he  \vn8  olectud  a  Ki!])rc- 
sentiitive  to  tlic  I,oi^i!i|iitivi!  Assoiiibly  "f  <  •!•(>- 
^'iiii  mill  iv-i'lectfil  ill  l.Ss2.M'iM'il  all  tliroiij^li  that 
ineiiiDralpit'  M'Shioii,  in  wiiicli  r-cvfiily-tlirt'c  Iml- 
ints  wei'i^  car^t  ill  the  sti'ii;;yh^  to  t'ltct  a  lliiitrd 
States  Senator. 

Mr.  and  Miv.  I'atternoii  iiavu  iind  nine  sons 
and  two  chiiit;hti'rs.  ( >ne  of  the  daiighterri  died 
in  infaiu'v;  all  of  the  otiiers  arc  livini^  and  are 
a  credit  ti  the  conntfy  of  their  iiirth.  Three  of 
the  ciiildrcn  are  at  lioine:  Narci>se,  Allen  and 
Maud.  Isaac  1..,  the  elde.»t  ^on,  i>  a  iiieichaiit 
in  Salein;  Henry  and  Doc  are  in  the  drii^  Imsi- 
iiess;  (ieor^e  is  in  Nevada;  Frank  i>  in(Tilliaiii 
county,  fariniii).^  W.  II.  i>  in  Indep'iidence; 
and  !'.  C.  i>  aUo  in  Indepenileiico  in  the  con- 
confectionery  bnsiiie.-.-. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Patterson  are  still  spared  to 
ei\cli  other.  Dame  I''ortiine  has  kindly  smiled 
upon  tliein  in  every  way,  and  they  have  every 
reason  to  be  iiappy  and  tlmnkfid.  May  tliey 
long  be  spared  to  enjoy  this  prosperity. 


(T^         ■  9 


fl'DGH  WILi-IAM  M.  KAMSEV.  an  Ore- 
iron  jiioneer  of  1847,  and  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  of  his  State,  is  a  native 
of  Iowa,  where  he  was  born  December  25. 
1840.  His  father,  David  Uainsey,  was  born  in 
Harrison  county,  Indiana,  in  1815,  and  married 
Miss  Susan  Shuck.  They  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1835,  where  tliey  engai.;cd  in  fanning  until 
1847,  wlien,  with  their  Kvechildren,  they  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  our  subject,  >vho  was  their 
fifth  child,  being  then  less  than  one  year  old.  Ar- 
rived ill  Oregon  they  located  on  a  donation  claim 
in  Vain  Hill  county,  near  Newberg.  here  he 
built  a  log  cabin,  and  began  to  cultivate  the 
land.  He  has  since  tnucli  improved  the  place, 
by  erecting  good  buildings,  and  otherwise  bet- 
tered it,  until  it  has  become  a  very  valuable 
farm.  He  was  a  thrifty,  industrious  farmer 
and  business  man.  and  besides  his  agricultural 
interests,  was  engaged  in  tlour  and  sawinilling. 
He  was  a  consistent  Democrat  all  of  his  life, 
and  enjoyed  the  respect  of  a  large  acquaintance. 
He  died,  in -1891.  on  his  farm,  on  which  he  had 
resided  for  forty-four  years,  aged  seventy-six 
years.  His  faithful  companion  for  so  many 
3'ears,  who  crossed  the  jilains  with  him,  endured 
uninurmuringly  all  hardships  of  frontier  life, 
still  survives,  beloved  ftiid  respected  by  all  who 
know  her. 


The  subject  of  our  .-ketidi  was  reared  on  bin 
parent's  farm  in  Vam  Hill  I'onnty,  attending 
the  common  -chools,  and  later,  the  llaptist 
College,  at  McMiniiville.  He  id'terward  studied 
law  at  i,a  Fayette,  and  when  tweiity-oiu'  years 
of  age  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  anil  the  following 
year  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
When  but  twenty-three  years  old  he  was  elected 
('ounty  iliidge  of  the  county  in  whiidi  he  had 
been  reared,  certainly  a  glowing  tribute  to  the 
good  character  and  excellent  judginent  of  the 
young  lawyer.  He  served  his  term  id'  four 
years  in  a  most  creditable  inaiiner,  and  con- 
tinued his  practice  until  187(5,  at  which  time 
he  -emoved  to  Salem,  where  he  made  a  specialty 
of  Suj)reme  Court  practice.  In  1888,  he  re- 
moved to  i'endleton,  Umatilla  county,  where  ho 
remained  for  three  years,  then  came  to  McMinii- 
ville, forming  here  the  |iai'tneroliip  of  Ramsey 
it  Fenton.  This  tiriii  does  a  large  and  lucra- 
tive business,  both  members  being  well  known 
as  experienced  and  talented  men  of  great  legal 
ability. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  187<t  to  Miss  Ma- 
liala  A.  Harris,  a  native  of  Vam  Hill  county, 
who  ilied  in  1891.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Reuben  Harris,  a  well  known  and  highly  re- 
spected Jiioneer.  They  had  four  children;  Nel- 
lie, Fred  A.,  Horace  M.,  and  Mary  H. 

Judge  Ramsey  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  anil 
has  frequently  been  the  (dioice  of  his  party  for 
some  of  the  best  offices  in  their  jiower  to  bo- 
stow,  every  time  riiiining  far  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  but  was  not  able  to  overcome  the  largo 
Republican  majority  in  his  district;  but  while 
in  Salem,  which  is  a  Republican  city,  he  was 
elected  Mayor  over  a  good  man  on  the  Republi- 
can ticket.  While  residing  at  the  last  men- 
tioned city,  he  was  dean  of  the  law  department 
of  the  Willamette   University. 

Of  (jiiiet.  unassuming  habits,  and  a  thouglit- 
fiil  turn  of  mind,  combined  with  strict  atten- 
tion to  business  and  conscientious  care  of  his 
clients'  interests,  he  has  built  up  a  good  prac- 
tice, and  acquired  the  good-will  of  hosts  of 
friends. 


k^^^^^^- 


■*"  ■*'§^  ■§ 


fAMES  K.  DERBV  -Among  the  well-to-ilo 
farmers  of   Vam  Ilill  county,  who  came  to 
Oregon    in    1852,  we  find  the  gentleman 
whose  name  heads  this  sketch, 


nisTitiiY  iiF  oRtcnny. 


8t.t 


Ilo  WHS  l)oiri  ill  N(>w  Vork,  Aiim;  '^t;,  lH:2(i, 
tli(!  son  of  .loliii  uikI  Kiiiiiiy  (^^Kdwanls)  Durliy, 
lioth  also  iiativoH  of  New  \w\i.  Tliey  broiijrfit 
11))  to  years  of  iiiaturity  all  but  one  of  tlicii' 
ten  eliildi'cii.  Only  two  of  tlie  family  now 
Biirvivc,  AV^illiaiii  ami  Jaiiies  li. 

'I'lie  siiliJL'ct  t)f  this  sketch  was  reared  to  farm 
work.  January  ~o,  1851,  lie  married  Miss  l.iicy 
A.  Oliln,  It  native  of  iN[iehii.;aii,  and  a  daughter 
of  Abel  Olds.  Mai.'ii  25.  1852,  they  started 
on  the  long  journey  to  distant  Oregon,  and 
found  home  here,  in  the  then  new  territory. 
Crossinir  into  Missouri,  June  3,  they  arrived  at 
the  Dalles  during  the  last  days  of  Oetobcr. 
l''rom  there  they  caino  in  open  boats  to  Port- 
land, arriving  November  25.  The  men  took 
turns  in  walking  on  the  banks,  ;)nlliiig  the 
boats.  Thus  their  journey  had  occupied  eij^'ht 
iiioiitlis.  In  the  company  in  which  they  came 
there  was  considerable  mountain  fever  and  a 
number  of  deaths,  but  this  family  arrived  in 
safety. 

During  the  succeodiiif;;  fall  (1853)  Mr.  Derby 
located  on  320  acres  of  land  si.x  miles  north  of 
La  Fayette.  He  built  a  little  loj,'  cabin,  of  the 
]>ioneer  kind,  made  iniproveinents  and  under- 
went all  the  privations  of  the  p'  3r.  A  few 
years  afterward  he  sold  out  and  resided  a  year 
in  l.ia  Fayette.  Ho  then  bouglit  1(5(1  acres  of 
land  seven  niiics  southwest  of  McMinnville, 
later  purchased  an  addition  to  it  from  the  (iov- 
ernmeiit,  and  iinj)roved  a  farm  of  196  acres, 
built  upon  it,  etc.,  and  ,  osided  there  eight  years. 
He  then  sold  and  purchased  2-10  acres  of  choice 
farm  land,  where  lie  again  built  and  made  valu- 
able improvements,  where  he  still  resides.  The 
l)lace  now  comprises  25(1  acres  of  choice  land, 
constituting  one  of  the  best  farms  and  nicest 
situations  in  the  county.  Mr.  Derby  has  built 
a  cottage  on  bis  projierty  for  a  tenant,  and  has 
it  occupied  by  a  trustworthy  man  who  does  the 
farm  work.  Why  is  not  this  better  than  to 
!eave  the  old  home  for  city  life?  Mr.  Derby 
has  real  estate  at  Portland  and  McMinnville. 

Mr.  Derby  has  four  children,  namely:  Eliza 
Jane,  who  was  born  at  the  Dalles  on  the  jour- 
ney to  Oregon;  Joseph  Garrison,  who  resides  in 
Idaho;  Jerome  A.,  a  farmer  residing  near  his 
parents;  William  P.,  resident  in  Multnomah 
county;  May  E.,  who  married  J.  E.  High,  and 
lives  on  the  farm  with  lier  parents;  and  James 
D.,  at  his  paternal  home. 

The  parents  are  worthy  members  of  tlie 
Methodist    Church,  joining  in   I860.     In  this 


society  he  has  held    many   lay  olliei's.      lie  was 

an    important    factor    in    the    building   of    tli(« 

eliurch  edifice,  and  is  one  of  the  'I'riistees. 

liefoie  the  great  civil    war   Mr.  Derby  was  u 

Whig.      He  then  iiecaiiie  a    Uepiibliciiii,  and    u 

strong  ll'iion  man,  and  he  has  ever  since   then 

been  a  mainstay  in  his  par^y.      He  is   indeed  a 

reliable  man  in  all  the  walks  of  life. 

"  Sweet  is  llie  evpiilidt',  Unit  set  of  sun, 

The  i|iiiet  ciinlent  lliiil  c>>nies  li>  plodding  IdM, 
Tlie  coimrious  diijnily  oC  work  well  done. 

The  Imckwaid  jjliime  iiloiiK  the  fniiowpd  soil, 
Wlilcli  in  its  e-fen  lid^'e.i  tells  wiml  iiire 
(•'erwttlclied  the  teiuii  iind  steered  the  striving  sliiire, 
Till  Bvenllde." 

PR.  HoKACF  W.  LITTLKFIKI.D,  one  f.f 
the  most  prominent  physicians  of  Vam 
Hill  county,  was  born  in  (^iiiiicv.  Illinois, 
April  18.  1815.'  His  father,  Dr.  II. "lI.  Little- 
field,  was  born  in  the  State  of  Maine  in  1822. 
and  was  for  forty-live  years  a  successt'iil  physi- 
cian of  I'eardstown,  Illinois.  He  was  of  Fng- 
lish  parents,  who  settled  in  .^Llssa(•bllsetts.  He 
married  Miss  Flizabeth  Ashwood,  a  native  of 
Fnglaiul,  and  had  five  children,  of  whom  three 
fire  still  living. 

The  Doctor,  who  was  the  eldest  child  in  the 
above  family,  was  roared  in  his  native  State, 
principally  in  I'eardstown.  After  reading  medi- 
cine ])retty  thoroughly  under  the  instruction  of 
his  father,  be  attended  the  Illinois  State  Col- 
lege, but  graduated  at  Uiish  Medical  College, 
Chicago,  in  1870.  In  fact,  when  only  eighteen 
years  of  age.  be  received  a  graduating  certificate, 
which  entitled  him  toadiploma  when  ho  arrived 
at  the  age  at  which  it  coukl  be  given  him. 

Abont  this  time  his  love  of  his  native  coun- 
try was  excited,  as  the  great  civil  war  had  burst 
upon  the  land,  and  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
June,  1863.  in  Company  <t.  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-fifth  Illinois  Infantry.  In  1804  he  was 
appointed  acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  in  that 
cai)acify  rendered  all  the  aid  in  his  power  to  the 
sick  and  wounded  soldiers  of  the  rnioii  army 
until  the  close  of  the  war. 

Some  time  afterward  he  received  his  diploma 
from  Iiiish  Medical  College,  and  i)racti('ed  in 
Tazewell  county,  Illinois,  until  18611,  when  lie 
came  to  Oregon,  locating  at  La  Fayette,  which 
has  since  been  his  headijnarters,  and  where  lie 
has  met  with  excellent  success  in  his  practice. 
In  1880  he  was  appointed  surgoon-in-chief  of 


1  i 

i. 
'1 

i 
■i 

,   1 

1 

Sl« 


nisrouY  OF  oiiEdnx. 


tlic  i'nni*ti'U('tioii  (li'jiiiitinciit  (if  till'  On'^iiii 
liuihvii}  iV  Niivij{iitii>ii  I'liiiijmiiy,  luicl  in  issl 
W'lirt  ii|>|)iiiiitt,>il  Hiirgvoii  iii'Cliit'f  of  tli(<  uoii- 
^l^llcfi<)n  <lt>|mi'liiic'iit  wontorii  diviHion  of  tliu 
N'lirtlLcrii  I'iicili<r  li.iilwiiy,  itiul  in  tlnit  ciiiiiicity 
s(M'vi!il  IidIIi  liiiiioiiils  tor  Iilaliii,  ()i'f;;i)ii  itnil 
WiiHhin^ton,  mill  liiul  liiis|iitiils  cdiirttrnettMl  in 
tliu  tiultl  jurtt  ns  ill  tlic  iinny.  Tlic  (•onstriU'tiiiii 
wiib  noinpU'toil  in  lSS:{.  [in  retirucl  rroiii  this 
work  iin<l  tlio  f<illii\viMg  yoir  invuHtcd  in  tlic 
(ouiir  irAlcno  niiiii.'»,  wlicre  lii-  ruiimiiiLMl  in  the 
sn|i('rvision  of  iiis  inti-rdstw  for  tliroo  yours.  IIu 
then  iid'cptcil  tlic  position  of  8iiri;con  for  tliu 
Wiisliiiif^loii  vt  Miilio  Kiiilwiiy,  ri'iniiinin^'  tlifi'i'in 
for  u  yuiir  anil  a  half,  until  tlio  ('oni|ilL'tioii  uf 
tliu  roftil.  Nuxt  111!  was  surgeon  for  the  Port  I 
limil  iV  i'ugut  Sound  Itoiid  until  tlio  work  of 
construction  cuasuil. 

Aftt'r  ruinainiiig  «•  year  in  Portland  ho  ru- 
turnud  to  La  Fiiyottc.  in  18S'2  ho  invested  in 
city  |iroiiurty  and  huilt  the  tinest  lieuso  in  the 
city  of  La  Kayette — a  credit  to  the  ivfineiiient 
and  tasta  nf  its  owner. 

The  Doctor  is  a  gentleman  of  great  energy 
and  good  jnilgnient,  as  well  as  n  \ery  pleasant 
and  social  citizen,  and  thus  he  is  first  and  last 
and  all  the  time  engaged  in  every  enterprise 
and  society  work,  which  he  thinks  will  aid  his 
city  or  county.  Ho  is  active  in  the  hluc  lodge, 
chapter  and  Kastern  Star  degree  of  I'Veeinasonry ; 
was  Master  of  his  lodge  three  years.  He  is 
also  a  inemhcr  of  the  I.  ( ).  ( >.  F.,  the  A.  <  >.  I'. 
W.  and  the  1'..  P.  O.  of  K.;  of  the  latter  is  the 
present  Kxaltcd  Ruler.  At  the  close  of  his 
term  he  wa?  iirescnted  with  a  heaiitiful  gold 
l)a<lge.  He  is  also  a  memher  of  the  Knights  of 
Maccabees,  Portlanil  Camp,  No.  1,  of  the  K.  of 
P.  and  of  the(i.  A.  li. 

He  has  invested  in  real  estate,  and  lie  has 
some  very  valuable  mining  interests.  He  is  a 
siu'cessful  practitioner,  loves  his  profession  and 
is  devoted  to  it.  He  is  jiopular  in  the  county 
and  in  the  Itejiublican  party,  of  which  lie  has 
;>ver  be;'n  a  consistent  member.  In  ISTt)  he 
was  nominated  for  the  State  Legislature,  but, 
that  being  an"  off  year  for  the  Republican 
party,  he  was  defeated.  He  was  active  in  or- 
ganizing the  first  medical  society;  was  its  first 
president,  and  is  now  an  esteemed  member  of 
the  State  Medical  Society.  More  personally, 
lie  has  a  merry  twinkle  in  his  eye,  has  a  joke  or 
anecdote  ap]iii>priato  for  every  occitsion,  enjoys 
music    (all    of   which    characteristics  evince   a 


high  iiior.'il  i|ii;ilityK  and  he  is  a  wide-awake, 
active  and  sigiuilly  Hiiccessfiil  man. 

June  27,  ISfl.*),  is  the  date  of  his  inarriago, 
in  Chicago,  to  .Miss  Ann  Kerwin,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  reared  in  America.  They  had  four 
children:  The  eldest,  Elizabeth,  is  now  the 
wife  of  Judge  \V.  I.,  i'.nulshaw  of  the  |)alles; 
Horace  I.,  is  a  physician  at  .Newberg,  <  )regon, 
and  a  graduate  of  the  Missouri  .Medical  College; 
K<hviii  V^.  is  a  graduate  of  tlit;  Kvangelical  Col. 
lego  at  La  l''ayette.  and  is  now  studying  medi- 
cine; and  Harry  is  now  at  college. 

Mrs.  Littleti'cld  died  August  tt,  18S0.  She 
was  an  amiable  lady,  a  devout  ('hristian,  a  du- 
voted  wife,  a  loving  and  intelligent  motlier,  was 
\{:Yy  devoted  to  her  family  and  had  many 
friends,  and  her  loss  was  therefore  very  deeply 
felt.  November  20,  IS'.ll,  the  Doctor  married 
Miss  Mary  T.  Price,  of  Oayton,  AVashington, 
and  she  now  resides  over  the  beautiful  home. 

fOllN  THO.MI'SON,  the  etKcient  Deputy 
County  Clerk  of  Vain  Hill  county,  Oregon, 
is  a  highly  respected  citizen  of  La  Fayette, 
and  belongs  to  that  class  of  people  popularly 
known  as  the  Forty-niners. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  born  in  I'erth  county, 
Scotland,  June  5,  lS:il.  His  ])arent8  were  farm- 
ers and  Presbyterians,  and  were  good,  substan- 
tial people,  .lohn  was  their  only  son,  and  there 
were  three  daughters  in  the  f.ainily.  When  he 
reached  his  majority  he  crossed  the  Atlantic  to 
this  country,  and  iti  New  York  city  accepted  a 
clerkship.  He  subseiiueiitly  went  to  Alabama, 
where  he  clerked  two  years.  It  was  at  this 
time  that  news  of  the  gold  discovery  in  Califor- 
nia spread  over  tlie  country,  and  the  tide  of 
emigration  tliat  swept  towanl  the  Pacific  coast 
in  1849  took  him  with  it.  He  made  the  voy- 
age in  the  Crescent  City  to  the  Isthmus,  and  the 
Pacific  voyage  he  made  in  the  Panama,  landing 
at  San  Francisco  June  4.  There  they  put  up 
a  tent,  in  which  they  deposited  their  supplies, 
and  at  once  sought  the  mines.  Three  weeks 
later  they  returned  and  found  everything  just 
as  they  had  left  it.  At  first  ^^r.  Thompson  was 
successful  in  his  mining  operations.  He  was 
unfortunate,  however,  in  many  of  his  enter- 
prises an<l  lost  what  money  he  made.  '  )f  a 
restless  disposition,  he  spent  much  time  in 
prospecting,  visiting  every  mining  section  of 
('alifornia.     Then   he  went  to  great  expense  in 


llfSTOJir    Oh'    OUKUdN. 


Bit 


If 


ii^nin  iicct'pttMl  till'  ^lmle  position. 

Ill  tlie   fttll  of   IS7H    Mr.  TlioinpNoii  married 


turning  llii;  HtrciiiiiH,  liiit  tlic  lii^'li  water  iiitt-r 
IVrt'il  with  liirt  plalitt,  ami  iIk;  project  of  iiiiiiili^ 
ill  tiii8  way  waK  aliaiidoiieil.  For  a  time  lie  liai 
a  stoek  raiieli  ill  .Mcmlo(tino  coiiiity. 

In  IHuS  when  the  l-'rawer  river  excitement 
broke  out  Mr.  'riioiiipson  uaine  to  ( (regoii.  On 
tliiH  mining  exp^lition  he  made  luitiiiM^'.  'I'heii 
for  a  time  Tie  residud  at  Olyinpia,  Washin;,'ton, 
and  in  the  spring  of  ixi)'^  landed  in  I'lirtland. 
April  '.•,  that  niiine  year,  he  caiiu'  to  l)ayton  and 
wiiK  employed  lis  manager  (  f  the  farm  of  Mrs. 
ArniBtrong,  six  miles  soi  thwest  of  Dayton. 
ThiH  position  he  held  for  seventeen  years.  He 
spent  two  years  in  the  mines  of  Idaho,  ninl 
in  ISTO  »vas  hack  i'l  ('iilifornia  again.  Alter 
the  death  of  Mrs.  Armstrong  Jie  came  in  1^77 
to  La  Fayette  and  was  a])poiiited  Deputy  County 
Clerk,  which  jiositioii  he  tilled  for  eleven  eon- 
seeutive  years,  hecoining  thoroughly  inforiiiecl 
on  all  matters  eoimectcd  with  the  county.  He 
retired    from    the  othce   in   1^S8,  and    in   ISll'i 

lin  accepted  the  ^ame  poi 

Ii.  the  fall  of  IS7H  Mr. 
Mrs.  Klizalieth  Fletcher,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1842.  She  is  a  daughter  of  Andrew  Smith  and 
a  native  of  New  York.  Her  six  sons  and  two 
daughters  are  tettled  in  Oregon  ami  occupying 
useful  and  honorahio  positiuns  in  life.  Mr. 
Fletcner  left  an  estate  which  consisted  of  l,;i(MI 
acres  of  land.  Mrs.  Thompson  lias  a  life  in- 
terest in  2it2  acres,  and  the  rest  has  been  divided 
r.inong  the  cliildren.     In  1S8()  Mr.  Thompson 

fiirchased  a  Mock,  with  a  nice  residence  on  it,  in 
la  Fayette,  and  here  he  and  his  wife  have  since 
resided. 

His  political  attiliations  are  with  tiie  Denio- 
"ratic  party.  ■» 

|LEXA\!)ER  iv.  :^IAKK,  a  widely  known 
and  highly  esteemed  Oregon  |)ioneer  of 
1847,  and  one  of  the  most  prosperous  farm- 
ers in  the  State,  comes  of  a  family  who.  from 
the  time  of  the  grandparents,  were  horn  in  the 
State  of  Kentucky:  it  ishelievcd  that  they  wero 
of  Irish  descent,  whose  ancestors  settled  in  the 
colonies  at  an  early  day.  Grandfather  Samuel 
Mark  was  one  of  Kentucky's  earliest  settlers, 
while  his  son,  .lohn  .Mark,  father  of  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  was  born  anil  reared  and  afte.  r)>r(l 
married  there,  to  Miss  Fanny  Forester,  also  a  na- 
tive of  the  State.  They  had  six  chiitlren,  five 
of  whom  survive. 


The  subject  of  our  sketidi  was  born  in  Iveli- 
tiicky,  December '.iU,  lS2-,  and  resided  in  his 
native  State,  until  liis  sixteenth  year,  lie  then 
reinove(l  to  MisMinri,  where  he  remiiiiied  until 
he  altained  the  agt,' of  twenty  live  years,  when, 
following  the  example  n{  other  ad\eiituroim 
spirits,  lie  crossed  the  plains  to  (>regon.  Mak- 
ing the  long  joiiriuy  with  oxen,  he  arrived  in 
Oregon  ('ity  on  October  llj.  lS47.  Ho  at  once 
took  a  donation  claim  ot'lt'211  acres,  hitnated  thir- 
teen miles  siiiith  of  the  latter  city,  in  Clacka- 
mas county.  <  >ii  this,  he  built  aclieaj),  frame, 
house,  anil  for  four  years  lived  ami  worked 
alone. 

At  the  end  of  this  time,  he  manic  I  Miss  Sarah 
Jordan,  an  estimable  lady,  and  also  a  native  of 
Kentucky.  She  came  to  Oregon  in  IS."))!,  when 
he  became  aci|uainteil  with  her.  and  married  her 
in  .lamiary,  lH."i4. 

He  (continued  to  reside  on  his  farm,  where  he 
had  lived  since  184S,  until  1871),  doing  all  the 
hard  Work  and  eiicliiriug  the  hardships  incident 
to  |iioneer  life,  but  by  hardy  industry,  surmount- 
ed all  obstacles,  and  became  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cossfiii  farmers  of  his  county. 

He  an.l  his  wife  had  three  children,  two 
daughters  and  one  son;  Merinda,  the  eldest,  is 
now  the  wife  of  Uicliard  (Joldwell,  and  resides 
in  Dayton,  Washington;  Martha  .lane,  is  the 
wife  of  Zona  Chapman,  residing  in  Washington; 
while  William,  who  is  also  iiiarrieii,  resides  in 
California  and  attends  a  Methodist  K|)iscopal 
Theological  scdiool.  The  devoted  wife  and  mo- 
ther, died  in  1859,  but  six  years  after  her  mar- 
riage, leaving  many  friends,  to  mourn  her  loss. 
She  was  a  woman  of  superior  intelligence,  and  a 
charming  character,  and  was  esteemed  by  all 
who  knew  her.  On  December  27,  1871.  Mr. 
Mark  marrieil  Mrs.  Mary  8.  F.  Sparks,  the  widow 
of  Nathan  .Mitchell  Sparks,  and  daughter  of  Dr. 
Hill,  of  Albany,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1858. 

She  had  five  children  by  her  first  marriage: 
Emily  Lenore,  now  the  wife  of  William  M. 
Gregory,  resides  in  Portland;  Martha  II.,  died, 
pged  three  years:  ElijaiiH.  resides  in  I'rineville; 
Margaret  Ellen,  is  the  wife  of  J.  K.  Hill,  of  Port- 
land; Nathaii  H.,  is  the  youngest. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marl;  have  three  children:  Ad- 
die  Mablo  (iJ.,  Jewell  Flster.  and  John  Coleman. 

In  1888  Mr.  Mark  removed  to  McMinnville, 
to  secure  for  his  children,  the  benefit  of  a  supe- 
rior education  at  the  college  in  that  city,  lie 
purchased  property  in  a  desirable  locality,  and 
built  a  pleasant  home,  which  was  afterward  con- 


nisTonv  Oh'  (liiEaox. 


suiikhI  I)v  fii'e.  IIu  liiio  liowtivor,  ro|)liu;e(l  it  with 
even  ii  butter  structure,  wliieli  is  siij/gesii^'e  of 
comfort  anil  taste,  and  wliicli  is  snrroiuulciJ  by 
attractive  grouiuis.  One  of  the  chililron  have 
graduated  from  the  Academic  department  of 
the  college,  while  the  other  two  are  still  pnrsu- 
inji;  their  studies,  in  that  institution. 

He  has  owned  and  sold  different  [iroperty, 
)ut  retains  iiis  donation  claim,  on  wliiidi  there 
i.s  now  a  good  district  school,  for  which  he  gave 
the  site. 

Originally  a  DeiTiocr.at,  at  tiie  time  of  the  war, 
he  became  a  strong  I'nion  man.  and  has  since  af- 
liliated  with  the  Kepublican  party.  He  is  much 
interested  in  the  cause  of  temperance,  having  al- 
ways abhorred  the  li(]\ior  traffic. 

iNfr.  Mark  has  been  a  Methodist  for  fifty  years, 
and  has    often  been  a  Steward  of  the  C'linreh. 

His  life  would  be  a  good  e\iim]ile  for  any 
yo'iiig  man.  to  follow.  Sober  and  industrious, 
persevering  always  in  the  direction  wliicli  his 
l)etter  judgment  dictated,  he  has,  by  his  own  ef- 
forts, carved  out  a  competency  from  the  new 
l)tit  intrinsically  great  ctnnmonwealth  of  Ore- 
gon, and  no  one  of  her  citizens,  of  wiiom  she 
boasts  the  proudest  on  the  face  of  the  earth,  can 
e.\cel  him  in  all  goodness  and  worth. 

fK.  .I.V^IKS  ROWL.VNi:)  SlTKS.  the  pio- 
neer piivfician  of  Dallas,  lias  been  a  resi- 
dent of  Oregon  since  18o().  His  longand 
su<'<-essfnl  priifessional  career  here  has  gained 
for  him  a  wide  aeipiaintance  throughout  I'olk 
county,  and  it  is  titling  that  more  than  a  pass- 
ing mention  should  lie  uuide  of  him  on  tiie 
pages  of  this  work.  .\  review  of  his  life  is 
herewith  presenled: 

Dr.  , Fames  Itowland  Sites  was  liorn  in  Lan 
caster.  ( )iuo.  December  Vi,  IS'25.  and  is  of  ( Jer- 
nian  extraction.  His  grandfather  Sites,  eettleil 
in  Virginia  a1  an  eai'lv  day.  and  his  son.  ( ieorge 
D.  Sites,  the  Doctor's  faliier.  was  born,  reared 
and  mari'ied  there,  his  tnai'riage  occurring  alioiit 
1815.  .Mtcr  their  marriage  they  moved  to 
Lancaster.  ( )hio.  They  hail  three  sons:  Will- 
'am  it.,  who  died  l>s;!(i.  aged  fifteen  years; 
(ieorge  !)..  and  James  K.  Tiic  mother  died 
when  James  It.  was  a  mere  cliilil.  In  183"J  the 
family  emigrated  to  .Missouri.  The  fathei' re- 
turned to  ()hio  in  1840  to  settle  up  some  busi- 
ness, and  wiiile  there  his  death  occurred  in 
March,  18-1:1.      He    was    n    man    in   every   way 


worthy  of  the  res'iect  and  esteem  in  whidi  ho 
was  held  iiy  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  largely 
interested  in  slock  falsing;  at  one  time  was 
colonel  of  a  militia  company,  ami  had  served  as 
Sheriff' of  Fairfield  county. 

Dr.  Sites  was  a  youth  of  fifteen  when  the 
family  moved  to  ^[issonri.  In  1840  he  was 
a  volunteer  in  the  .\nierican  .Vrmy  for  the 
Mexican  wai',  and  served  through  the  l)(uii|ihan 
expedition.  His  company  was  disidiarged  June 
lij.  1847,  in  New  ( )i'leans,  and  he  returned  home. 
He  then  begati  the  study  of  medicine  at  Fort 
Wayne.  Indiana,  iindei'  the  instruction  of  Dr. 
1>.  S.  Wood  worth.  Hi  1853  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  California,  and  mined  at  French  Town 
and  !)iainond  Sju-ings.  meeting  with  only  irod- 
erate  success.  .\t  Kureka.  howevei-.  he  was 
afterward  more  fortunate.  From  there  he  came 
to  Salem.  Oregon,  in  185().  He  ran  the  .Marion 
Hotel  two  years,  after  which  he  was  assistant 
physician  for  nine  itionths  at  the  (irande  Ronde 
Indian  agency.  In  1858  he  entered  info  a  part- 
nership with  Di.  J.  W.  Boyle,  Dr.  lioyle  living 
in  the  country  and  Dr.  Sites  in  Dallas.  Here 
his  ability  as  a  skillful  physician  was  soon  ivc- 
ognized;  he  gained  the  cinfideiice  and  esteem  of 
the  people,  and  for  years  condncled  a  success- 
ful practice.  He  retiii'ned  Hast,  took  a  coui'se 
of  medica'  lectures  at  the  Western  Reserve 
Medical  College,  Cleveland.  Ohio,  and  gi'aduated 
in  1870.  In  1874  declining  health  induced  him 
to  seek  a  change  of  climate,  and  he  went  to  Crook 
county.  Oregon,  and  engaged  in  the  sheep 
business,  a;id  idso  practiced  his  profession  to 
some  extent.  Returning  to  Dallas,  he  took  up 
his  old  practice,  and  again  failing  healtli  cimi- 
pelled  liiin  to  go  back  to  eastern  Oregon,  in 
1382.  There  he  practiced  until  1889,  when  he 
returned  to  Dallas  and  retired  from  the  active 
duties  of  his  professional  life. 

In  18()0  Dr.  Sites  |uiichased  seventeen  and  a 
half  acres  of  land  in  Dallas.  On  this  he  has 
had  sevei'al  residences  built,  and  in  one  of  them 
he  and  his  family  now  r(^side.  Dui'ing  the 
years  of  his  residence  in  this  city  he  has  always 
been  ready  to  help  in  every  laudable  public  en- 
terprise. IIo  is  a  stockholder  in  the  new  wool- 
en mill  now  being  luiilt  heie.  He  is  a  membei- 
of  the  Masonic  fiaternity  and  of  the  ancient  I. 
(>.().  F.,  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  He 
was  twice  elected  and  served  as  Coronei' of  I'olk 
county,  and  was  elected  to  the  same  office  in 
Crook  county.  In  1800  he  was  elected  Treas- 
urer of  i'olk  county. 


ItlSTOnr    OF   OliEGON. 


81fl 


Dr.  Sites  was  iiiiinied  iit  yalciii  in  .Iiimiary 
1859.  tn  Miss  Angolina  N.  May.  u  native  of 
Missouri,  ami  a  liaiigliter  of  K.  M.  May,  who 
locRtcil  ill  California  as  early  as  184-8.  ami  in 
1852  came  to  ()rep;.ii.  Mr.  May  iMed  in  I'olk 
foiinty  in  1^70.  while  aervinir  his  fourth  term 
as  (jdnnty  Treasurer.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Sites  have 
iiad  live  children,  two  sons  an<l  three  daughters, 
nanielv:  <ieorjre  I).,  a  native  of  Salem;  Rich- 
ard .M..  a  liright  and  jiromising  young  man,  died 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one;  Kosa,  wife  of  . I.  W. 
Howard,  resides  in  Crook  county;  Angelina, 
wifeof  (\)1.  F.  Smith,  also  lives  in  Crook  coun- 
ty; and  Charlotte  Jane,  married  to  I'rofessor 
(ieorge  A.  Stanley.  oC  Tacoma,  Washington. 
The  Doctor  and  his  family  are  among  the  most 
estimahle  people  in  Dallas.  He  ami  his  wife 
and  two  of  the  daughters  arc  memriers  of  the 
(Christian  ('liurcli. 


^^Mi^ 


^ 


ffDCiK  .lAMKS  L.COLLINS,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  18-1(5,  and  a  resident  of  Dallas. 
I'olk  county,  is  a  man  of  mai'ked  i)usiness 
anility  and  8U])erior  literary  attainments,  and  is 
ranked  with  the  prominent  land  lawyers  of  this 
State.  I  nder  adverse  end  uis;'ouraging  circuni' 
stances  he  has  worked  his  way  on  and  >ij)  in  life, 
unaided,  has  risen  to  his  present  position.  Fol- 
lowing is  a  hrief  resume  of  his  life: 

iludge  (Collins  is  a  descendant  of  Knglish 
ancestors  who  emigrated  to  Virginia  during 
the  reign  of  King  (ieorge  11,  and  were  actively 
identitied  with  the  early  history  of  the  Old  Do- 
minion and  took  part  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
His  mother's  peojile  traced  their  ancestors  hack 
to  the  Wyatts  of  Iviglaud  and  the  Caini)l)ells  of 
Scotland,  prominent  and  iiitluential  families. 
His  great-grandfather,  Wlliam  Collins,  and  his 
grandfather,  (ieorge  Collins,  were  natives  of 
Virginia  and  soldiers  in  the  war  of  1813.  His 
father.  Smith  Collins,  was  horn  in  Orange 
county,  Virginia,  December  2o,  1804,  and  emi- 
grated to  AVarren  county,  Missouri,  in  ISUT. 
where  he  was  married  to  Kiiza  I'lmily  Wyatt.  a 
native  of  Montgomery  county.  Kentucky,  in 
ls2y.  Tliey  resided  in  Missouri  until  1841). 
That  y.ar  they  came  to  Oregon,  .\fter  a  long 
and  tixlious  journey,  fraught  with  many  dan- 
gers incident  to  travel  across  the  jilains  at  that 
time,  they  reached  theii'  destination  and  settled 
in  the  beautiful   Willamette  valley.     Mr.  Col- 


lins took  a  claim  of  ()4()  acres  located  on  the 
south  line  of  Polk  county,  and  there  he  lived 
and  prospered.  ac(|uiring  other  lands  and  vahi- 
able  ])roperty.  He  also  letained  his  jiroperty  in 
Missouri.  He  was  generous  and  public-spirited 
and  did  his  part  toward  developing  the  vicinity 
in  which  '■"  resided.  Religiously,  he  was  a 
a  Methodist.  His  death  occurred  in  I8t)2,  ami 
his  wife's  two  years  later.  Mrs.  Collins,  like 
her  husband,  was  a  ty|)ical  pioneer.  .\  kind- 
heaited.  Christian  wonuin.  she  was  ever  rea<ly 
to  relieve  the  sick  and  needy. 

Their  eldest  son.  J.  ii.  CoUiiis.  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  Warren  county,  ^fis- 
souri.  .May  9.  18i38,  and  was  thirteen  yeais  of 
age  when  he  arrived  in  Oregon,  late  in  the  fall 
of  1840.  Their  com|)any  was  the  first  that 
crossed  the  plains  with  o\  teams  by  the  way  of 
Klamath  lakes  and  aci'oss  the  Siskiyou.  I'nipcpia 
and  Calijiooya  mountains  into  the  Willamette 
valley;  and  young  Collins  often  drove  tlie  fore- 
most team  that  broke  clown  the  thick  sage  brush 
njion  the  trackless  waste.  He  left  the  place  of 
his  birth  .\pril  20.  184(1.  and  after  snti'ering 
nnuiy  hardships  and  privations  arrived  in  I'olk 
county.  Oregon.  March  '),  1847.  having  spent 
the  winter  in  a  cabin  they  found  unoccupied, 
one  that  had  been  built  by  Kugene  Skinner, 
near  where  I'lugeue  City  has  since  sprung  U|). 
The  winter  was  a  severe  one.  Harrison-  Turn- 
edge  remained  with  him.  and  out  of  compassion 
they  took  into  camp  an  old  sailor.  Samuel  Ruth, 
who  was  badly  cri|)pled.  Mr.  Turnedge  was  sick 
a  greatt'r  portion  of  the  time,  and  it  devolved 
upon  Mr.  Collins,  then  a  mere  boy,  to  shoulder 
his  gun  and  wade  through  the  ice  and  water  in 
the  sloughs  and  streams,  often  waist  deep,  in 
order  to  reach  good  hunting-ground  on  the 
other  shore,  and  secure  game  in  snrficient 
([uantities  to  meet  the  necessities  of  himself  and 
his  unfortunate  companions. 

In  the  spring  of  Ixil  his  father  settled  in 
the  southern  part  of  I'olk  county,  lie  worked 
hard  every  day.  helinng  to  build  and  improve 
their  rude  but  not  comfortable  home.  Reing 
too  poor  to  procure  lamp  oil  or  caudles,  he  pur- 
suetl  his  studies  at  night  by  the  pitcii-wood 
light  in  the  fireplace.  After  a  few  years,  when 
the  family  could  get  along  without  his  assist- 
ance, he  was  permitted  to  attend  the  institute 
at  Salem,  where,  by  working  hard  at  whatever 
his  hands  could  find  to  do  mornings,  evenings 
and  Safnrdajs,  he  made  his  w.ay  through  a  few 
terms  of  that  school,  then   under  the  manage- 


SJO 


insTORr  OF  nuEaoy. 


If 


ineiitof  I'rciF.  F.  S.  Ihiyt  and  liis  excellent  wilo. 
Wliile  iit  Salem  he  read  law  t'oi-  a  time  under 
tlie  instructions  of  Hon.  I*.  F.  Darding  and 
Hon.  li.  F.  Grover. 

In  185i5  Mr.  Collins  went  to  Californiii,  where 
he  made  and  lost  a  considerahle  fortune  in  min- 
ing. Heturiiinc  home  in  1855,  the  Leijislature 
being  in  si^ssion  at  Clorvallis,  he  was  enqduyed 
by  Hon.  Alonzo  JA'land  to  re|)ort  the  [iroceed- 
ings  for  the  Democratic  Standard,  th(!n  pub- 
lished at  i'ortiand. 

During  tiio  session  the  capital  was  removed 
to  Salem,  and  a  few  days  before  the  adjourn- 
ment Captain  15.  F.  IJureh  organized  (,'ompany 
li.  of  the  recruiting  battalion,  First  Regiment  of 
Oregon  Mounted  V^olunteers,  for  service  in  the 
Yakima  Indian  war.  Mr.  (Jollins  at  once  en- 
listed, and  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Assem- 
bly he  joined  the  troops  in  the  Held  on  the 
Cohnnbia  river  just  above  the  Dalles,  being 
with  Colonel  Thomas  K.  (^oriielius  throughout 
his  famous  "horse-meat"  campaign.  These 
leave  volunteers  pursued  the  Indians  dm-ing 
March  and  a  part  of  .\pril,  often  being  reduced 
to  the  extremity  of  subsisting  on  the  horses  they 
captured  from  the  enemy.  He  was  in  several 
lively  skirmishes,  and  in  the  battle  of  the  Sini- 
coe.  where  the  gallant  Captain  lleuihree  fell,  he 
took  a  prominent  part,  by  his  courage  and  timely 
.■iction  winning  the  respect  of  his  ofK^'ers  and 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  comrades  in 
arms.  On  returning  from  the  war  Mr.  ('oUins 
engaged  in  teaching  in  Folk  county,  at  the  same 
time  diligently  jMirsuing  his  own  studies.  In 
Xovember.  1859,  he  was  admitted  to  the  t)ar 
an<l  bei,'an  the  practice  of  law. 

Mr.  Collins  was  married  September  27, 18til. 
to  Miss  Afary  Whiteaker,  a  native  of  De  Kalb 
county,  Illinoi-,  and  a  daughter  of  lienjamin 
Whiteaker,  an  honored  Oregon  pioneer,  of  1847. 
After  nearly  three  years  of  happy  married  life. 
Mrs.  Collins  was  '■  illed  to  her  last  home,  leaving 
a  little  daughter,  HUen.  This  daughter  is  a 
popular  anil  successful  teacher,  and  is  now  in  the 
normal  school  at  Oswego,  New  York.  .Nfrs 
Cullins  was  a  beautiful  woman  and  as  pure  as 
she  was  lovely.  In  1^(17  he  nuirried  Miss  Mary 
Iv  Kimes,  a  mitiveof  De  Kalb  county,  Missouri, 
daughter  of  Lewis  Kay  and  Nancy  (Hncking- 
ham)  Kimes.  Slu^  was  four  years  old  at  the 
time  they  started  from  Missouri  to  this  State. 
While  attem])ting  to  cross  the  Missouri  river 
her  father  was  di'owned.  The  mother  came  on 
to  (,)regon  with  her  two  little  girls  and  after  her 


arrival  here  she  gave  birth   to  another  child,  a 
son.     This  son,  Lewis  U.  Kimes,  is  now  a  resi- 
dent of   Folk  county.      Mr.    and    Mrs.    Collins 
have   had  ten  children,  viz.;      Hay  Smith,  who 
died  in  his  eleventh  year;  lOdgar  liayton,  who  is 
now   studying  law  in  the  office  of  his    father; 
Mary   and  Ivhielle,  at  home;  Hen    David,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  seven  years;  and   Ora,  b'rank 
Wyatt,    Louise,    .lames     Dean,    and    an    infant 
daughter,  all  at  home. 
,        Politically,    iMr.     Collins     was      formerly    a 
j    Democrat.     At  the  beginning  of  the  liebellion 
j   he  abandoned  that  [larty,  and  was  a  meiTiber  of 
!   the  convention  at  Kugene  City,  and  aided  in  or- 
ganizing the   llepiiblican  party  for  its  first  ef- 
•"jctive  campaign  in  Oregon.      In  the  autumn  of 
ImU  he  was  elected  Chief  (Herkot  the  Uouseof 
j    Uejiresentatives,  which  otHce  he  also  filled  dur- 
i   ing  the  special  session  of   18(55.     In    18()!)    he 
was  appointed  Judge  of    Folk  county  by  (Jov- 
ernor  lieorge  !.,.  Woods,  to  till  a  vacancy  caused 
by  the  ajipointment  of  Judge  W.  C.  Whitsou  to 
the   liencli   in   Idaho.     .Indifo  (Jollins  filled  this 
otHce  with   such   distinguished  ability,"  fairness 
and  justice  that  not  a  murmur  of  disapprobation 
was  ever  heard  against  him,  even  from   his   po- 
litical   opponents.      He   has   held    the   ofHce  of 
I   (Commissioner  of    the    United    States    Circuit 
Court,  for  nearly  twenty  years. 

From  the  beginning  of  his  legal  jiractice  his 
career  has  been  marked  with  success.  He  is 
still  eiigageil  in  his  profession  at  Dallas,  having 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice  and  enjoying  the 
contidence  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 
He  and  his  wife  and  five  of  the  children  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  (.hnrcli. 

Folitically,  .ludge  Collins  is  opposed  to 
•'free  trade  ami  slave  labor";  and  believe.i  in 
such  a  system  of  protective  duties  as  will  en- 
courage American  manufactures,  furnish  profit- 
able employment  for  poor  laborei's,  iind  build  up 
a  home  nuirket  for  the  benefit  of  small  farmers. 
He  is  a  Uepublican. 

ITSAAC  C.  UOniSON,  an  esteen-ed  Oregon 
Ij  pioneer  of  1850,  and  successful  retired 
^  farmer,  residing  in  Amity,  was  born  in 
Jackson  county.  Ohio.  A|)ril  11,  1827.  His 
great-grandfather.  Joseph  liobison,  emigrated 
from  L'eiand  to  America  iti  178(1,  and  settled 
in  I'ennsylvanitt.     He  was  a  prominent  Scotch- 


lllSTOkY    OF    ORFMOif. 


m 


Irish  I'fesbyteriiiii,  iiiul  his  Bon,  Joseph,  wlio 
was  born  in  the  Keystone  State,  was  a  distin- 
j;uisiied  soUlier  of  tlio  war  of  1812.  .lolm 
liohi^oii,  Joseph's  son,  was  also  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, '.lit  accompanied  his  parents  to  Gallia 
county,  Ohio,  at  the  early  aifo  of  three  years. 
He  was  there  reared,  and  in  1822,  at  Greenfield, 
that  State,  he  married  Susan  Millegan,  also  a  na- 
tive of  the  Keystone  State,  but  who  had  likewise 
removed  with  her  parents  to  Ohio,  wliei:  she 
was  a  child.  In  18;i7  they  removed  with  tirjir 
family  to  what  was  known  as  the  Black  Hawk 
purchn.se,  which  later,  i)ecanie  a  part  of  Iowa. 
From  there,  tiiey  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
the  family  at  that  time  consisting  of  the  parents 
and  live  children.  Tiiey  settled  in  Jackson 
county  in  18.j;5,  where,  in  1872,  the  father  died 
greatly  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him.  Ih 
was  a  man  of  the  very  highest  integrity  o' 
character,  whose  word  was  as  good  as  his  bond. 
He  possessed  superior  judicial  ability,  and 
served  for  a  number  of  years  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  discharginir  his  duties  in  that  ca])aoity 
ii;  an  impartial  and  honorable  manner.  His 
faithful  wife  survived  him  until  1889,  when  she 
expired  at  the  atre  of  eighty-three  years,  in  the 
midst  of  her  f'aTuily  and  friends,  to  whom  she 
had  endeared  herself  by  the  practice  of  all 
Christian  virtues,  and  the  charm  of  a  naturally 
loving  heart. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  is  one  of  eleven 
children,  three  of  whom  are  now  living  in  Ore- 
fi;on,  Isaac  C.  in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  two  in 
Jackson  county.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  a 
new  |)ortion  of  Iowa,  where  he  had  very  limited 
educational  opportunities,  and  was  obliged  to 
work  hard  on  a  farm,  so  that  it  may  be  truth- 
fully said  that  he  is  self-educated. 

In  1850,  when  twenty-three  years  of  age,  he 
in  company  with  one  brother  went  overland 
from  Iowa  to  the  mines  in  California,  making 
the  long  journey  with  horses.  He  mined  for 
some  time  in  Sonora,  Tuohimne  county,  in 
company  with  I)r  Mansfield  and  others.  They 
were  (|uite  successful,  and  Mr.  Kobison  rotnrned 
to  the  Kast  in  December,  1851,  taking  back 
with  him,  of  his  own  money,  about  $2,000. 

He  was  there  married  to  Miss  Mary  Jane 
Daugherty,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  an  estim- 
able lady,  and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Richurd 
Daugherty,  of  Irish  ancestry. 

Two  weeks  after  their  marriage  they  started 
on  their  return  trip  to  Oregon.  This  was  in 
1852,  at  a  time  when  the  cholera  was  epidemic, 


but  they  fortunately  escaped  its  ravages,  and 
made  with  oxen  the  trip  overlund,  arriving  in 
Portland  on  October  If?,  thence  coming  direct 
to  Yam  Hill  county,  where  they  settled  on  a 
donation  claim,  located  i;  mile  and  a  half  west 
of  the  present  site  of  Amity. 

They  built  a  cal)iii  and  commenced  at  the 
foot  of  prosperity.  Mr.  Kobison  arrived  on 
the  place  with  three  yoke  of  o.xen,  a  wagon, 
their  bed  and  the  few  utensils,  wliich  they  had 
used  on  the  plains,  with  a  few  dollars  in  money. 
The  first  year  he  planted  only  a  few  potatoes 
and  a  little  corn.  After  this  he  got  fairly  started, 
and  raised  large  crops  of  wheat  and  oats,  his 
land  yielding  as  high  as  forty-five  bushels  of 
wheat  and  seventy  bushels  of  oats  to  an  acre. 
Five  years  of  continued  prosjierity  enabled  him, 
in  1858,  to  build  a  good  home,  which  still 
stands  on  the  property,  besides  making  other 
needed  and  valuable  improvements,  lie  also 
engaged  in  stock-raising,  in  which  he  was  very 
successful,  and  which  proved  to  be  very  re- 
munerative. 

His  means  thus  continued  to  accumulate, 
until  in  1877,  he  purchased  200  acres  of  choice 
agricultural  land  adjoining  Amity.  On  this  he 
erected  a  larger  and  handsomer  residence,  with 
commodious  barns  for  his  grain  and  stock  and 
other  liiodern  improvements  for  the  facilitation 
of  agricultural  ])ur8uit8.  Here  he  is  now  en- 
joying life,  surrounde<l  with  all  the  comforts 
that  he  has  deservedly  secured  by  unbounded 
enterprise  and  niunterrupted  industry,  com- 
bined with  intellisent  manaitement  and  strict 
attention  to  every  detail  of  his  business,  which 
is  the  great  secret  of  his  phenomenal  success. 
His  faithful  wife,  who  has  been  the  partner  of 
his  joys  and  sorrows  for  forty  years,  is  still  by 
his  side  to  sympathize  with  and  cheer  him. 
They  have  had  no  reason  to  regret  having  cast 
their  anchor  in  the  great  commonwealth  of  Ore- 
gon, whose  marvelous  growth  they  have 
watched  with  uiuibnted  interest  for  their  forty 
years  of  residence,  since  they  first  came  slowly 
up  the  valley  with  their  oxen  and  emigrant 
wagon,  and  located  on  a  donation  claim  in  tlieso 
Western  wilds. 

They  have  had  seven  children,  five  now  living, 
all  devoted  native  sons  and  daughters  of  Oregon: 
Flora,  the  eldest,  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Joseph 
Putnam,  a  prosperous  farmer  and  business  man 
of  Amity;  Ellen  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Theodore 
Jeffrey,  and  resides  in  Polk  county;  her  hus- 
band is  also  a  successful  farmer    and    business 


in.^Tonr  of  oriRaox. 


Il  s» 


iiiaii;  Nfarflia  i^  the  wifo  of  (iii-s  Ititclicy.  iiml 
reriidea  on  a  tliriii  in  Miiltiunnali  eouiity;  Milan 
is  a  snccossful  stuuk- raiser  in  Wasliitigton;  and 
Francis  is  a  thriving  farmer  near  Amity,  rim- 
niiiff  his  fatlier's  farms  liesid((s  nianaj^ing  one 
of  his  own. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Uoliison  is  a  Uepnblican,  and 
(iiirinf  tlie  war  was  a  stron";  Union  man.  lie 
and  devoted  wife  are  worthy  members  of  tlu- 
Christian  Chiiroh,  to  tlie  snpportof  which  th'jy 
contribute  liberally  of  their  iTieansand  ititlnei.ce. 

Tims  is  e-xeinplitied  what  intelligent  and  jier- 
sistent  effort  can  accom])lish,  when  applied  to 
the  rich  soil  and  unbounded  resources  of  Ore- 
gon, than  which  no  greater  State  exists  in  the 
Union,  who,  on  her  broad  bosom  feeds  abun- 
dantly her  millions  of  noble  sons  and  daughters. 


#• 


^ 


fV.  WALKKR,  ajirominent  horticulturist 
of    Sprinii'   Valley,    is    one    of  Oreaon's 
I  r^  J        J  o 

o  honored  pioneers  of  1845,  Mr.  Clay- 
burn  C",  Walker,  our  subject,  was  born  among 
the  inonntains  of  western  Virginia,  March  1. 
1819,  (For  history  of  his  ancestry  sec  biogra- 
phy of  his  brother,  Waitei'  ^[.  Walker,  in  this 
i)ook.)  Oiir  subject  was  two  years  old  when 
the  fainiiy  removetl  to  Missouri,  and  he  was 
reared  to  manhood  on  his  father's  farm.  In 
184:5.  in  company  with  his  brother,  Wellingtcni 
I!.,  and  bis  cousin.  A,  J.  Doke.  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon.  They  started  from  the  old 
home  April  'JO,  and  arrived  at  Vancouver  No- 
vember 1,  They  had  a  pleasant  journey,  con- 
sidering the  wild  state  of  the  c>iuutry  and  the 
savages  on  'heir  route.  There  was  some  sick- 
ness and  several  deaths  in  the  company,  ))ut  the 
little  party  in  which  we  are  interested  came 
through  in  safety.  Mr.  Walker  came  directly 
to  his  presetit  location,  in  S|)ring  Viillcy,  eight 
miles  northwest  of  Salem.  Here  he  took  up 
040  acres  of  laud  that  was  chosen  with  special 
reference  to  stock-raising.  He  also  took  care  to 
choose  such  land  as  was  well  watered.  The 
brother  and  cousin  took  adj(jining  claims,  and 
all  three  lived  in  a  cabin  on  Mr.  Walker's  land. 
It  was  allowable  for  any  number  holding  ad- 
joining olaims  to  live  in  one  bouse  on  the  land 
of  one.  if  the  others  made  some  improvements 
on  their  land. 

However  pleasant  the   society  of  his  friends 
proved,  Mr.  Walker    felt  that  his  lu>me  was  not 


coinjilete  without  the  relining  intluence  of  the 
gentler  sex,  so,  J  uly  4,  1850,  he  married  Miss 
liOuisa  I'nrvine,  who  was  born  in  Illinois.  Feb- 
ruary 15,  18;U,  daugliter  of  Jolin  I'urvine,  an 
honored  Oregon  pioneer  of  1848,  and  prominent 
in  the  early  history  of  tiu^  county.  He*  served 
one  term  as  County  Sheriff,  had  a  donation 
claim  in  French  I'rairie,  in  Marion  county,  wherc^ 
be  died  in  1852,  three  years  after  his  wife,  who 
died  in  1849.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  had  very 
little  of  this  world's  goods  to  begin  life  on,  but 
they  lived  here  in  tliis  little  cabin  in  (juiet  sim- 
plicity, and  these  were  the  hapjiiest  days  of 
their  lives. 

Mr.  Walker's  section  of  land  was  two  miles 
long  and  one  half  mile  witle,  at  that  tim(\  The 
first  settlers  were  allowed  1o  take  their  land 
as  they  liked.  In  1853  Mr.  Walker  replaced 
their  little  cabin  with  a  more  substantial  liome, 
but  as  the  years  went  by  he  was  not  satisfied 
with  this,  and  in  1873  built  a  beautiful  resi- 
dence. Mr.  Walker  devoted  bis  attention  in  the 
early  days  to  stock-iaising,  and  was  very  suc- 
<!essful,  and  in  time  added  another  quarter  sec- 
tion to  his  ranch.  In  later  years  he  has  turned 
his  attention  to  horticulture,  and  has  found  that 
he  can  make  a  small  portion  of  his  land  yield 
more  retni'ns  from  the  cultivation  of  choice 
fruit  than  by  cultivating  the  whole  of  the  ranch 
ill  grain  or  devoting  it  to  stock-raising.  He 
gives  special  attention  to  prunes. 

Ml'.  Walker,  his  brother  and  cousin,  are 
pioneers  of  this  beautiful  valley;  all  have  very 
valuable  farms,  beautiful  homes,  and  are  wealthy 
and  esteemed  farmers  of  this  locality.  They 
are  richly  deserving  of  all  their  prosjierity. 
as  it  was  obtaineil  by  hard  work  and  strict  in- 
tegrity. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  have  ha<l  no  children  of 
their  own.  I)ut  they  have  given  a  home  to  sev- 
eral children,  and  in  that  way  have  benefited 
those  who  had  no  home  of  their  own.  At  one 
time  they  had  five  children  in  the  house  at 
once.  They  took  an  orphan  nephew,  Clharles 
I'urvine,  when  only  eight  days  old,  and  reared 
him  to  manhood. 

In  184U  Mr.  Walker  caught  the  gold  fever 
and  went  to  California,  mined  at  Redding,  on 
Feather  river,  but  he  only  renntined  a  short 
time.  Later  in  life  he  went  to  the  mines  iu 
Idaho,  and  remained  about  a  year. 

He  has  always  taken  air  interest  in  every- 
thing tending  to  increase  the  prosperity  of  the 
county.      He  was  one  of  the  stockholders  of  the 


nt.HTonr  of  ojikoon. 


••2:3 


Wareliouse  Company,  and  helped  t)iiild  tlic  first 
uteainboiit.  He  was  a  charter  ineinher  of  the 
Grange,  and  served  a  term  as  its  Master.  He 
and  liis  wife  are  vahied  menil)er8  of  tlie  Pres- 
byterian Chnrcli,  which  they  have  aided  in 
huihlinfr.  Tliey  worship  in  a  hnildinfr,  the  spire 
of  wliich  can  be  seen  a  loiiif  distance  off.  In 
a(hlition  to  his  other  opinions  Mr.  Walker  is 
a  stronir  temperance  man  and  he  an<l  his  wife 
are  a  credit  to  the  State,  of  which  they  have 
been  in  part  fonnders.  These  ifood  people  are 
very  proud  of  Oregon,  the  State  of  their  adop- 
tion. 


~<-^ 


fS=- 


fACOr.  WISKCAIlVKlt,  a  prominent  re- 
tired farmer  and  citizen  of  Mc.NFinnville,  is 
a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born 
February  5,  IH'-l').  He  is  of  (iernian  ancestry, 
wIkj  settled  in  lii.s  native  State  previous  to  the 
Revolution.  His  parents,  .loseph  and  Rachel 
(Hebbs)  Wisecarver,  were  both  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania. They  had  eight  children,  only  two  of 
whom  lire,  now  li\in<r, — a  sf)n,  Samuel,  a  farmer 
in  Iowa;  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was 
the  younirest  of  the  family. 

Our  subject  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  native 
State,  attendinir  school  durinj^  the  winter 
months,  and  started  in  life  for  himself  with  the 
capital  of  intelligence,  irood  health  and  willing 
hands.  Argnino;  on  the  principle  that  two  heads 
are  better  than  one  in  the  battle  of  life,  he  early 
secured  a  helpmeet  in  the  |)erson  of  Miss  Jane 
McCormack.  a  native  of  his  own  .State,  to  whom 
he  was  married  on  March  15,  1845.  She  was 
a  daughter  of  Robert  McCormack,  and  was  of 
Irish  descent.  They  had  eight  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living:  John  C,  the  oldest  is  a  far- 
mer in  this  county:  liobert  M.  died  in  his 
twenty-fourth  year,  and  was  a  most  estimable 
young  man,  a  graduate  of  the  I'ortland  busi- 
ness College,  and  ])0S5essed  of  superior  ability; 
Rachel  S.  is  wife  of  .Mr.  J.  J.  Ilartman,  a  far- 
mer of  this  county ;  Amney  Jane  died  in  her 
eleventh  year:  Joseph  Francis  is  a  graduate  of 
the  business  college,  and  is  now  engaged  in 
farming;  Jacob  Newton  is  also  a  farmer;  Mar- 
garet Ansovilla  died  aged  four  years;  and  Jas- 
per C.  died  at  thirteen  years  of  age. 

On  coming  to  Oregon,  Mr  Wisecarver  pur- 
chased 400  acres  of  uncultivated  land,  on  wliich 
he  erected  buildings,  devoting  the  land  to  the 
raising  of  wheat,  with  incidentally  some  stock- 


raising,  hut  wheat-raising  has  been  his  principal 
business,  in  which  he  has  been  very  successful. 
I'rom  time  to  time  as  op])ortuMity  and  means 
afforded,  he  has  invested  in  other  land.-,  ih^aling 
somewhat  in  real  estate,  until  lie  now  owns  ',t(in 
acres  of  the  choicest  farm  lands. 

In  18S0  he  retired  from  his  farm,  ,iurcha>iMg 
a  comfortable  home  in  Mc.Minnville,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Second  ami  I)  streets,  where,  in  the  society 
of  the  wife  of  his  youth,  he  jtasses  in  |ieace  his 
later  years,  the  reward  of  yeais  of  honest  and 
persistent  toil.  He  has  aided  many  of  the  best 
enterpi'ises  of  the  city  and  State,  having  con- 
tributed liberally  toward  the  support  of  the  col- 
lege, and  been  instrumental  in  securing  the 
railro.ad,  besides  aiding  many  minor  matters  of 
benefit  to  the  city  and  vicinity. 

He  is  Democratic  in  |)r)litics,  Init  has  never 
aspired  to  office,  altlioiigh  he  has  rrei|uently 
acted  as  Judge  of  election. 

He  and  his  faithful  wife  havi;  lieeii  for  many 
years  woi'thy  members  of  the  Christian  (  liurch. 
of  which  they  are  still  members. 

Thus  by  industry  and  the  blessings  of  provi- 
dence, he  has  secured  from  the  rich  soil  of  <  )re- 
gon,  a  competency  fill' hi>  old  age,  and  some  to 
spar*  to  "those  poor  ,-ouls  that  need  it.'"  which 
latter  e\|iression  is  typical  of  the  man.  and  i-x- 
j)lains  the  warm  personal  regard  entertained  for 
Iiim  by  his  fellow-citizens. 


tAKRISON  T.  (HIAVES,  a  well-known 
farmer  of  Vam  Hill  county,  and  auothei- 
one  of  Oregon's  honorable  pioneers,  wdio 
crossed  the  plains  to  this  coast  as  early  as  1847, 
was  born  in  Warren  county,  Missouri,  August 
3,  1840.  lie  is  a  son  of  James  1'.  Graves,  and 
a  brother  of  T.  .\.  and  Geor<£e  W.  Graves,  men- 
tion  of  whom  is  made  elsewhere  in  this  liook. 

Harrison  T.  was  seven  years  old  at  the  time 
the  family  came  to  Oregon,  and  from  that  date 
up  to  the  present,  his  life  has  been  spent  in  the 
vicinity  of  Sheridan,  where  he  now  lives.  There 
were  few  schools  in  Oregon  then,  and  his  educa- 
tional advantages  were,  of  course,  limited. 
When  he  was  eighteen  he  left  his  father's  farm, 
and  began  life  on  his  own  account.  One  year 
he  farmed  with  his  brother,  T.  X.,  and  after  that 
rented  land  of  C.  B.  Graves.  In  the  fall  of 
18(55  he  purchased  300  acres  of  land,  at  555 
per  acre,  paying  S800  down  and  going  in  debt 


i  ( -i:. 


;  i  .,.,  Tl 


:!  \i. 


f- 


ii 


S-i4 


itisfuny  OF  oiifidos. 


for  tlic  i-et^t.  lie  afterwanl  sold  80  acres,  aifain 
purflmsed,  and  is  now  tin;  owner  of  iil5  acres, 
located  about  a  mile  southeast  of  Sheridan.  This 
is  n  rich  and  fertile  tract  of  lan<l,  and  has  been 
rendered  more  valuable  by  the  iin|)rovenients 
which  his  years  of  well-directed  labor  have  put 
nj)on  it. 

September  29,  1S78,  ^[r.  Graves  married 
Miss  Euceba  Chappin,  a  native  of  Vam  llill 
county.  Her  father,  AVilliani  Chappin,  was  an 
early  pioneer  and  a  neighbor  of  the  (i raves 
family.  They  had  three  children,  namely: 
Mary,  born  July  18,  1871*;  Ladrue,  born  .Ian- 
nary  31,  1881,  died  January  2;{,  1884;  and 
Etlitl  born  .lanuary  lo,  188;i.  After  six  years 
of  happy  married  life,  Mrs  (J raves  was  called  to 
hei-  last  hoTue  March  20,  1884.  Jlers  was  a  beau- 
tiful character — a  devoted  wife,  a  loving  moth- 
er, ami  a  Christian  woman. 

Mr.  <;raves  is  a  man  of  strict  integrity  and 
iiigh  moral  character  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church.  He  aided  in  building  their 
house  of  worship  at  Sheridan.  Politically,  he 
is  a  dyed-in-the-wool  liepublican;  has  served  the 
public  as  Clerk  of  his  school  district  since  lS81. 


sl^i? 


^f®®t 


[IDNEY  liOOT.  a  well-known  and  higldy 
esteemed  citizen  of  the  Chehalem  valley, 
and  a  prosperous  farmer,  dates  ids  first 
arrival  in  Oregon  in  1852.  Of  his  life  we  pre- 
sent the  followinif  brief  sketch: 

Sidney  Koot  was  born  in  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  October  23,  1828.  The  Hoots  originated 
in  England,  came  to  America  j)revions  to  the 
Revolution,  and  some  members  of  the  family 
participated  in  that  war.  John  Root,  Sidney's 
father,  was  a  native  of  New  York.  He  married 
Miss  Silvia  Wilber,  whose  forefathers  were 
early  settlers  of  Vermont.  Mr.  and  .Mrs,  Root 
moved  to  Ohio,  then  to  Iowa,  and  from  there  to 
Illinois.  In  the  last  named  State  they  had  a 
farm  in  Whiteside  county,  near  ^Moriison.  At 
this  writing  four  of  their  seven  children  are 
living.  Roth  parents  have  passed  away,  the 
father  dying  in  Illinois,  and  the  mother  in  Iowa, 

Sidney  sjjcnt  Ids  boyhood  days  working  on 
his  fatherV  farm  in  Illinois.  And  here  he  was 
when  news  of  the  gold  discovery  in  California 
swept  (jver  the  country.  In  1850,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three,  he  set  out  for  the  new  El  Dorado 
of  the  West,  traveling  with  a  train  composed  of 


ten  wagons.  They  made  the  journey  in  safety, 
landed  at  Hangtown,  ami  he  at  once  liegan  to 
dig  for  gold.  He  averaged  about  an  ounce  jier 
day,  and  in  one  afternoon  took  ont  $t'i0  worth. 
He  >pent  much  time  in  prospecting,  looking  for 
richer  diggings,  and  after  about  a  year  on  this 
coast  he  returned  East,  by  way  of  Rananni, 
taking  with  him  !?1,00().  While  at  Panama  ho 
had  the  fever,  and  did  not  fully  recover  from  it 
until  1852,  after  he  luid  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  On  this  second  overland  journey  one 
man,  in  the  company  with  which  our  young 
friend  traveled,  died  of  cholera,  and  they  buried 
him  by  the  wayside. 

On  his  arrival  at  I'ortland,  Mr.  Root  at  once 
came  n|i  to  Vam  Hill  county.  He  worked  one 
month  for  Mr.  Welch,  a  little  south  of  where 
North  Vam  Hill  now  is,  near  Dr.  Sittim's,  and 
from  there  he  went  to  the  Umpi|ua  valley  and 
cooke<l  during  the  winter.  The  following  spring 
he  went  to  the  mines  at  Althousc  creek,  where 
he  remained  eight  months,  mining  and  making 
good  wages,  after  which  he  wintered  about  seven 
miles  west  of  Corvallis.  The  next  May  he 
started  on  his  [lony  for  the  mines.  This  time 
he  spent  about  a  year  and  a  half  mining  in  the 
southwest  part  of  the  State  atul  on  the  Klamath 
river,  above  Happy  Camp.  The  largest  |)iece 
of  gold  he  found  was  woi'th  $115.  He  returned 
to  tlie  Willamette  valley  with  only  about  $700. 
During  these  mining  expeditions  he  was  in 
great  danger  of  the  Indians,  as  they  were  con- 
stantly committing  <lepredations.  After  spend- 
ing a  year  in  the  valley,  he  again  retnrne(l  to 
the  mines.  He  subsequently  purchased  a  claim 
of  lliO  acres  at  Jo^ejihine  City,  and  eng.aged  in 
stock-raising,  butchering  an<l  fiirniing  two  years. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  he  sold  out,  returned  to 
Vain  llill  county,  and  he  and  his  brother  rented 
the  J.  L.  Ferguson  place,  hater  he  and  his 
bi'otliei'  each  purchased  lliO  acies  of  land  where 
he  (Sidin-y  1  now  resides.  They  bought  this  land 
in  the  winter,  and  in  the  spring  our  subject  had 
another  attack  of  tfold  fever.  He  went  to  Idaho 
City,  mined  about  a  month  and  a  h.'df,  and 
having  no  success,  and  having  sjient  all  he  had 
taken  with  him,  returned  to  his  ranch.  Rut  ho 
was  not  yet  ready  to  give  up  mining,  and  we 
next  tind  him  on  his  way  to  the  John  Day 
mines,  and  again  he  met  with  ill  success. 

In  the  fall  of  18(16  Mr.  Root  married  Miss 
IClizabeth  Winters,  a  mitive  of  i'russia.  She 
came  to  the  United  States  when  three  years  of 
age,  and  to  Oregon   in   1804.     They  have  had 


v:f^ 


i\i 


HISTOnr    OF    ORBGON. 


H2S 


six  cliililren,  five  sons  ami  u  ilaiigliter,  all  born 
ill  Yam  Ilill  couTity.  Tliu  <laugliti*r,  Anna  Lii- 
ciiuhi,  (lied  at  the  aj^c  of  ton  months.  The  boys, 
('harlos  W.,  Ira  Loi'enzo,  <Iohn,  Ernest  and  Al- 
bert R.,  arc  all  at  lioine. 

Air.  Hoot  and  bis  wile  and  two  of  the  sons 
are  members  of  the  liaptist  Chiircb.  lie  is  a 
stoekholder  and  an  otlicer  in  the  (irangc,  and 
helped  to  liuild  their  hall.  In  jiolitics  be  is  a 
Kepiiblican. 


fr.  ZIIMWALT  came  to  Oregon  in  1845, 
and  is  one  of  I'olk  county's  most  ro- 
*  spected  pioneers.  He  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri, August  12,  1827.  His  father,  Christo- 
pher Znniwalt,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  of 
German  ancestry.  He  was  a  Methodist  minis- 
ter, and  married  a  Miss  Crow.  They  had  nine 
children,  of  whom  our  subject  was  the  youngest. 
They  name(l  hitn  (Christopher  I'eter,  for  his 
and  some  otiier  ancestors  of  the  family.  When 
he  was  an  infant  his  mother  died,  and  when 
only  four  years  old  he  had  the  misfortune  to 
lose  bis  father,  so  his  knowledge  of  his  family 
is  but  slight,  lie  was  reared  by  Mr.  Joseph 
llu<j;art  and  was  his  cruardian.  When  Christo- 
|)her  was  only  fourteen  years  old  be  began  to 
work  for  85  p>r  month  and  his  board.  In  184o 
Ids  guardian  came  to  Oregon,  and,  our  subject, 
.although  only  eighteen  drove  one  of  tlie  teams, 
and  never  missed  a  day.  They  had  a  prosper- 
ous journey  until  they  were  induced  to  take  the 
Meek's  cutotl'  route.  Here  they  met  with 
troulde  and  delay,  their  provisions  gave  out  and 
they  wei'e  h'ft  in  the  nionntains  without  any- 
thinir  to  cat.  They  siitfered  very  much  and 
ciiuic  near  losinjr  their  lives.  The  first  winter 
they  spent  near  the  ])re8ent  site  of  Forest  Grove, 
but  in  the  spring,  in  1810,  they  went  to  a  farm 
near  the  present  site  of  Cornwallis.  Here  Mr. 
Zunnvalt  made  rails  at  oO  cents  per  1(10,  took 
orders  on  the  store  for  jiayment.  lived  on  wheat 
and  pease  most  of  the  time,  and  was  barefoot 
nearly  the  entire  period  of  two  years.  He  then 
went  to  Yam  Hill  county,  and  worked  for  wages 
until  18U),  when  he  |)urchased  land  in  Yam 
Hill  county,  hut  after  two  years  came  to  I'olk 
county  and  took  till!  acres  of  land  adjoining 
the  land  on  which  he  now  resides,  and  on  which 
he  raised  his  family. 

.Mr.  Zumwalt  is  a  local  preacher  of  the  United 
JJrethren  Cliurch.     He  has  been  a   Republican 


since  the  party  was  orifanized,  and  was  a  strong 
and  active  Union  man  when  the  Government 
was  in  danger.  He  has  been  a  hardworking 
man,  but  has  prospered  greatly,  (Unserving  his 
success  as  it  has  been  obtained  by  his  own 
efforts.  He  has  followed  general  t'arming  and 
stock-raising,  producing  from  3,0(M)  to  i,()(M) 
bushels  of  grain  per  annum,  and  for  a  number 
of  years  has  been  introducing  and  breeding 
thoroughbred  Holstein  cattle.  He  also  raises 
horses,  sheep,  goats  and  hogs.  Ho  is  a  lover  of 
Oregon  and  has  done  what  he  could,  in  bis([uiet 
way  to  beautify  the  county  of  which  he  is  one 
of  the  pioneer  founders. 

Our  subject  was  marrie<l  August  3,  1849.  to 
Miss  Irene  Goodrich,  born  in  Indianapolis, 
March  17,  1831,  danghtor  of  Carmy  Goodrich, 
who  came  to  Oregon  in  the  same  year  as  our 
subject  and  took  a  donatioTi  claim  in  Dayton, 
Yam  Hill  county,  where  the  father  resided  un- 
til the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  a  good,  up- 
right man.  born  in  1790,  and  died  in  1860. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zumwalt  have  had  eleven  chil- 
dren, namely;  John  Thompson,  died  in  his 
twentieth  year,  lie  was  the  only  one  not  born 
on  the  farm;  Christiana,  married  Frank  Sar- 
gent; Henry  O..  married  and  resides  near  his 
parents;  Mary  Fallen,  married  Leuard  Liver- 
more  and  resides  at  Eugene  City;  Sarah,  mar- 
ried A.  W.  I'pdegraff,  he  died  leaving  his  widow 
with  two  children,  she  now  resides  with  her 
parents;  (ilen  O..  married  and  resides  in  I'olk 
county;  William  Hruce  resides  in  Oregon  City; 
(^uilford  resides  in  I'olk  county;  Frank  is  mar- 
ried and  resides  with  his  parents  and  his  twin 
sister;  P'anny  died  in  her  si.vtb  year,  the  young- 
est child;  Fred  died  in  his  sixth  year,  also.  In 
addition  to  these  children  they  have  eighteen 
grandchildren  and  one  great-grandchild.  Both 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zumwalt  was  highly  respected 
and  esteemeil  as  Oregon  pioneers  of  1845. 

fOUN  ELI  AS  MAGERS,  an  able  member 
of  the  bar  in  McMinnville,  and  a  partner 
in  the  well-known  firm  of  McCain  it  Ma- 
gers,  is  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852.  He  is  a 
native  of  Ohio,  where  he  was  born,  in  Morgan 
count}',  September  25,  1847.  His  ancestors 
were  German,  who  were  among  the  early  set- 
tlers of  Virginia,  where  his  father.  Dr.  W.  B. 
Magors,  was   born.     His  father    married    Miss 


830 


mSTQUY    OF    OliEGOX. 


■!ji 


■f'1  .■>. 


-Miiiy  •liiiic  I'lHrkliiMot,  iilso  ilesceiuled  I'rcjin  a 
Wfll-liiiciwii  Aiiifrii'iiii  t'liiiiily.  a  sister  (if  Cap- 
tain .Iidin  W.  l)arl<iiiii'8t.  now  'rruasiirer  of 
Morgan  county,  (>Ii!o.  The  family  came  to 
Orej^on  in  1S5'J.  wiiere  Mr.  Maj^ers"  t'atlier 
iiracticcd  nipiiicinc  for  tliirtv-eitrlit  vcar^.  Iieinir 
a  most  talenled  and  successful  jiractitioner,  and 
a  most  \vt)rtliy  frentleinan,  devoted  to  his  pro- 
fession, and  of  generous  impidscs,  and  enjoyed 
tlie  respect  and  esteetn  of  all  who  knew  him. 
lie  died  in  this  State  in  18t)0,  much  hinieiited  iiy 
tlie  community  and  his  friends. 

'I'lie  suliject  iif  our  sketch  was  five  years  okl 
when  his  parents  removed  to  tin's  LState,  and  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Willamette 
University,  lie  afterward  taught  schciol  for  a 
number  of  years,  being  for  three  years  I'rofes- 
stir  of  .Matlienuitics  in  the  13aptist  College,  at 
Mc.Minin  ille. 

In  1877  he  went  East,  where  he  entered  the 
law  department  of  the  State  University  of 
Michigan,  at  Ann  Arbor,  where  he  graduated  in 
187U.  While  at  ,\nn  Arbor  he  was  ))residentof 
his  law  class  for  nine  months,  and  was  vice- 
])re.siilent  of  the  Red  iiibbon  Clul)  of  the  Uni- 
versity, with  Hdward  Olney  as  president. 

After  graduating,  hei'etui'iied  to  Oregon. where 
he  formed  u  partnership  with  Hon.  G.  W.  Law- 
son,  (if  Salem.  After  practing  there  for  a  year 
became  to  McMiimville,  where  he  soon  acquired 
j)roniinence,  both  as  a  lawyer  and  citizen,  llis 
firm  is  the  most  widely  known  in  that  vicinity, 
and  enjoys  a  very  large  [^und  lucrative  pi'ac- 
tice. 

lie  was  niari'ied  in  187!*  to  Miss  I).  E. 
Sclirader,  a  native  of  Wisconsin  ami  a  step- 
daughter of  the  Hon.  llenrv  W'arren,  an 
Oregon  pioneer.  Thev  have  two  children.  Fleta 
1..  and   Veva  I. 

Mr.  Magers  owns  considerable  city  and  coun- 
try real  estate,  and  lias  one  of  the  handsomest 
residences  and  most  beautifid  lawns  in  the  city. 
lie  has  probably  a  larger  private  library  than 
any  oni'  in  this  vicinity,  comprising  many  rare 
and  valual)lo  books. 

He  is  an  energetic  and  prominent  Republican, 
and  as  an  eloquent  and  able  expounder  of  his 
party's  doctrines,  ho  frequently  acts  in  its  cam- 
jiaigns  and  councils,  ami  for  several  years  has 
i)eeii  president  of  the  Republican  County  Cen- 
tral C(;nimittee  of  Irs  county.  In  1882  he  re- 
ceived the  nomination  of  his  party  as  Repre- 
sentative to  the  State  Legislature,  making  a 
strong  canvass,  but   the  political    parties  in  his 


county  being  aboi't  (equally  divided,  tho  election 
resulted  in  a  tie.  He  is  likewise  prominently 
engaged  in  advancing  the  welfare  of  all  pul)lic 
enterprises  of  his  favorite  city,  taking  particular 
interest  in  the  college,  of  which  he  has  been 
for  years  a  trustee,  and  was  at  one  time  |)resi- 
dent  of  that  body,  and  has  been  for  several 
years,  and  is  now,  president  of  the  E.xecutivo 
Board  of  said  college. 

He  is  an  eminent  Mason,  and  holds  the  otlico 
of  High  Priest  of  the  chajiter.  In  1S77  ho 
was  the  rejiresentative  i)f  the  (irand  Lodge  of 
Good  Templars  of  Oregon,  at  the  Right  Worthy 
Grand  Lodge  of  the  World,  at  I'ortland,  Maine, 
and  in  the  following  year  re|)resente<l  the  sanio 
body  at  Minneapolis,  Minnesota.  lie  is  also  an 
honored  member  of  the  Pioneer  Society  of  the 
State. 

He  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Missionary 
l'>a|)tist  Church,  to  the  support  of  which  he  has 
liberally  contributed. 


fEORGE  DORSEV,  an  intelligent  and  pro- 
gre.-sive  farmer  of  Yam  Hill  county,  and 
a  worthy  Oregon  |)ionecr  of  1852,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania,  .lanuary  13,  1S3().  He  is 
of  Scotch  ancestry,  and  his  par(<nt8  were  David 
and  Rosanna  (Weeant)  Dorsey,  both  natives  of 
Pennsylvania.  They  had  eleven  children,  nine 
of  whom  grew  to  maturity,  George  being  the' 
eldest  son.  In  1830  they  removed  to  Ohio, 
stopjiing  first  in  'Wayne  county,  but  soon  after 
settled  on  120  acres  of  land  in  Hancock  county, 
near  Fort  Findlay.  This  country  was  then  wild 
aTid  little  settled,  being  the  frontier  of  that  day. 
Here  Mrs.  Dorsey  died,  greatly  lamented  by  all 
who  knew  and  appreciated  her  worth.  Some- 
time later  Mr.  Dorsey  remarried,  ami  moved  to 
another  farm,  where  lie  resided  until  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  his  eightieth 
year.  Ho  was  an  industrious  and  honorable 
man,  (pialities  which  gained  for  him  the  respect 
of  all  his  fellow-men. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  resided  in  Ohio 
until  he  was  twenty-three  years  of  age  when, 
like  many  others  of  that  day  who  heard  the 
glowing  reports  from  the  Golden  AVest,  ho 
turned  his  eyes  westward.  He  secured  a  po- 
sition to  drive  an  ox  team  for  his  board,  and  in 
this  way  journeyed  to  Oregon.  This  was  the 
year  in  which  cholera  was  epidemic,  but  he  hap- 


irrsToiii'  OF  oiiMoox. 


y,'7 


pily  reiiiaincd  free  from  the  terrible  plagiio. 
riie  joiiriiev  acroBs  the  pliiiim  coiiBiiineil  more 
tlmii  t'lMir  Mioiitlis,  from  Aliiy  11  to  Se|iti'iiilier 
'Zi.  wliicli,  aside  from  tlii'  dread  of  cholera,  was 
de\()id  of  remarkable  incident. 

lie  stopped  at  Uraiide  iioiide  valley,  t(j  lierd 
cattle,  where  he  remained  during  the  winter. 
This  was  nn  extremely  cold  and  stormy  season, 
and  out  of  300  ciittle  only  110  lived. 

In  February  he  came  to  I'ortland,  where  he 
worked  by  I  he  day.  later  securing  employment  on 
a  farm  from  Thomas  Uenny,  at  ^50  per  month. 
He  remained  there  (jne  year,  when  he  came  to 
Yam  Hill  county  where,  on  October  ItJ,  ISol, 
he  commenced  to  work  for  General  Palmer  on 
his  farm,  and  eontinued  to  be  so  employed  for 
two  years. 

In  l^Suli  he  married  Miss  Adalinc  Vauj^hn,  a 
native  of  Indiana  and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Mar- 
tin Vaughn,  an  honored  jiioneer  of  ISAO. 

After  his  marriage  Mr.  Dorsey  rented  a  farm, 
which  he  continued  to  work  until  1860,  when 
he  went  to  the  Frasor  river  with  General  Pal- 
mer, for  whom  he  worked  for  a  year,  ile  then 
in  February,  1801,  purchased  150  acres  of  new 
land  in  the  brusii,  located  two  miles  south  of 
Dayton,  on  which  he  built  a  small,  cheap  house 
and  began  farming  on  his  own  account.  Ho 
was  industri(ju8  and  economical,  and  in  time 
was  greatly  prospered.  From  time  to  time,  as 
his  means  would  permit,  lie  added  to  his 
oriirinal  fsirm,  until  lie  now  owns  350  acres  of  as 
choice  farming  land  as  is  to  l)e  found  in  the 
country.  He  als(j  built  a  substantial  residence 
and  good  barns  for  his  stock  and  grain,  besides 
other  improvements  for  the  facilitating  of 
agricultural  pursuits,  and  highly  cultivated  his 
land. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dorsey  had  eight  children,  five 
of  whom  reached  maturity,  and  are  intelligent 
and  worthy  native  sons  and  daughters  of  Ore- 
gon. David  has  a  farm  in  Columbia  county; 
.loel  owns  a  farm  near  Wheatland;  A.  B.  resides 
in  Washington,  where  he  is  a  County  Snjierin- 
tendeiit  of  Schools;  the  two  daughters,  Fanny 
and  Hattie,  are  at  home  with  their  parents. 

Mr.  Dorsey  is  in  politics  a  Hepublicaii,  and 
has  been  honored  by  hi.s  constituents  by  election 
to  the  office  of  County  Commissioner,  which 
j)08ition  he  filled  ably  and  honestly. 

Thus,  by  intelligent  and  industrious  effort, 
persistently  applied  to  the  productive  soil  of 
<  >regon,  the  impecunious  young  man  of  1852 
has  developed  into  the  prosperous  and   well-to- 


do  farmer  of  1892,  e.xeniplifying  the  result  of 
forty  years  of  honest  toil  and  economy.  I'ros- 
j)erity  has  not  spoiled  him,  but  he  still  renniins 
the  generous,  whole-souled  man  as  iVirmerly, 
and  enjoys  the  universal  esteem  of  his  fellow- 
mcn. 

V>  •  it.  ct>i~ie;^  ■ '-» 

KEEN  N.  liOWLAND,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  lS-t4,  and  a  prominent  farmer  of  -North 
Yam  Hill,  dates  his  birth  in  .Vorth  Caro- 
ina.  May  (i,  1827.      He  is  a  son   of  .leremiah 
Rowland,  also  an  early  pioneer  in  this  State,  ex- 
tended mention  of  whom    will   be  found  in  the 
history  of  Dr.  L.  L.  Rowland  in  this  volume. 

Green  L.  Rowland  was  the  seeon<l  born  in 
iiis  father's  family.  He  spent  his  youth,  be- 
tween the  age  of  six  and  seventeen,  in  Missouri, 
and  at  that  time  crossed  the  plains  with  his 
father  and  family  to  Oregon,  lie  renniined  at 
home  on  the  ilonation  claim  until  1853.  In 
18i7  he  located  320  acres  of  land  adjoining  his 
father's.  The  following  year  he  spent  six 
months  in  the  Indian  war.  furnished  his  own 
horse  and  outfit,  and  rendered  valiant  service  in 
helping  to  subdue  the  red  men. 

In  1853  Mr.  Rowland  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Sojihronia  Fonts,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Larken  Fonts,  an  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  1852.  A  sketch  of  her  father  will 
be  found  elsewhere  in  this  work.  They  began 
married  life  in  a  little  log  cabin  which  Mr.  Row- 
land built.  A  part  of  this  cabin  is  still  stand- 
ing. Here  he  engaged  in  general  farming, 
cultivating  wheat  and  oats,  and  raising  horses, 
cattle  and  sheep,  and  has  been  prospered  in  his 
various  undertakings.  He  inherited  thirty  acro- 
from  his  father,  has  purchased  other  land,  and 
is  now  the  owner  of  374:  acres  of  choice  land. 
In  1859  he  built  a  good  frame  residence,  in 
which  he  and  his  family  have  since  resided.  lie 
and  his  wife  have  had  tive  children,  viz.:  Mary, 
who  died  when  a  year  and  a  half  olil;  Eliza 
Jane,  wife  of  Jaines  llarttield,  resides  near  her 
parents;  Nancy  .1.,  wife  of  Sherman  Hatch,  also 
resides  near  the  old  home;  Martha  O.,  wife  of 
F.  M.  York,  the  present  Assessor  of  Yam  Hill 
county,  and  .lames  F.,  who  lives  on  a  part  of 
the  home  farm. 

Air.  and  Mrs.  Rowland  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church  at  Carlton.  He  is  a  Deacon 
of  the  Church,  and  has  aided  materially  in  the 


838 


niSTOHY    i»F    (iliKllON. 


)iiiil(liiig  of  ttipir  lioiiso  of  worship,  lie  lielpcd 
to  orjfaiiizt!  tliu  (irmifjc  here,  (iiul  was  Treasurer 
of  tlio  society  for  a  year.  Since  18(50  he  has 
iitfiliateil  with  the  Ucpuliiicaii  party. 

tSiicli  is  a  l)ri('i'  review  of  tiic  lite  of  one  of 
Oreiron's  pioneer.-,  a  man  held  in  high  esteem 
liy  ail  who  l<new  him. 

IEI-I)IN(i  S.  (iLANDoN,  deceased,  wlio 
was  a  prosperous  farmer  of  Yam  Hill 
*-;^  county,  aiul  a  worthy  citizen  of  North  Yam 
Hill,  t  Irej^on,  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  wlu^re  he 
was  horn  October  17,  181(5.  IHs  father,  riaines 
(ilandoii.  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and 
of  French  descent,  his  ancestors  having  come  to 
America  in  its  early  colonial  history.  James 
Glandon  married  MissSai'ah  Alhertson,  a  native 
of  his  own  State,  and  of  Welsh  ancestry,  her 
pro;^enitors  also  havinir  been  early  settlers  of 
America. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  youngest  of 
five  children.  He  was  raised  in  Indiana  on  a 
farm,  when  it  was  a  new  country,  and  educa- 
tional advantages  were  few.  He  early  found 
it  necessary  to  work  and  earn  money,  and  may 
thus  be  said  to  have  ac(|uired  his  knowledife  in 
tiie  hard  school  of  experience.  When  a  yoiiuff 
man,  he  worked  at  cutting  and  splitting  rails, 
until  he  had  accumulated  i?ll)0,  and  entered 
eighty  acres  of  land,  which  by  industry  he  cul- 
tivated and  on  which  he  made  valuable  improve- 
ments, afterward  selling  it  for  JJiliOO,  which  was 
considereil  at  that  time  a  very  good  price. 

He  then  went  to  Morgan  county,  (jf  the 
same  State,  where  he  was  afterward,  in  1838, 
married  to  Miss  Amy  Wilson,  an  estimable  lady, 
a  native  of  (Jhio  and  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Melissa  Wilson,  worthy  and  prosperous  people. 

After  his  marriage.  Mr.  (ilandon  purchased 
100  acres  of  choice  cultivated  farming  land,  in  a 
go(jd,  settled  part  of  the  State,  for  which  he 
paid  §1,000,  his  wife  having  money  to  pay  what 
he  lacked.  They  moved  on  to  this  land  and 
farmed  it  for  eight  years  and  built  a  comfort- 
able house  on  it,  and  by  continued  prosperity 
was  able  to  purchase  250  acres  more  adjoining 
their  original  farm. 

They  had  si.\  children,  one  of  >vhom  they 
lost.  They  sold  their  land  and  were  preparing 
to  move  to  Iowa,  when  the  faithful  wife  and  de- 
voted mother  mother  died,  leaving  five  children 


to  tliH  care  of  her  husband,  the  oldest  of  whom 
was  nine  years  of  age,  and  the  youngest  tivo 
months. 

Thus,  in  1840,  he  settled  with  his  children 
i;i  Keokuk  count y.  Iowa,  where  he  worked  and 
lived  alone  with  the  children  for  about  a  year, 
when  he  married  i'ernina  Mriner,  a  native  of 
Indiana  and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  William  Itriner. 
Mr.  Glandon  entered  1,400  acres  of  land  in 
Iowa,  on  which  ho  and  his  family  resided  for 
tivo  years,  when  he  sold  the  property  for  !?  10,000. 

He  then  went  to  Sigourney,  the  county  seat 
of  Keokuk  county,  Iowa,  where,  in  conij)any 
with  some  other  gentlemen,  he  started  a  mer- 
cantile establishment,  and  they  did  an  c.\t(*nsive 
and  Incrativo  business.  They  trusted  a  great 
many  peo|)le  for  various  goails,  and  when  the 
panic  of  1847  CHine  thi^  peo])lo  were  unable  to 
pay;  all  the  banks  failed  and  his  business  went 
down  with  the  rest.  He  had  ilie  most  money 
in  the  business  and  it  was  all  iLM|uired  to  settles 
the  afTairs  of  tho  firm. 

Thus  forced  to  begin  life  anew,  and  witli  a 
determimition  to  rise  again,  he  started  with  his 
fadiily.  to  which  three  more  children  had  been 
addoil,  for  Oregon.  They  left  Iowa  April  13, 
1864,  with  horses  and  mule  teams  and  :irrive(l 
in  Salem  on  August  23  of  the  same  year.  They 
made  the  journey  in  safety,  unmolested  by  In- 
dians or  sickness,  and  on  arriving  at  their  desti- 
nation rented  asmall  farm,  beginning  life  again 
at  the  foot  of  the  ladder.  Mr,  Glamlon  did  not 
raise  much  the  first  year. 

The  following  year  he  moved  to  .North  Yam 
Hill  in  Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  purchased 
4()0  acres  of  land,  giving  down  a  span  of  mules 
and  a  wagon,  besides  his  note  for  !t(2,500.  Then 
with  the  assistance  of  his  two  little  boys,  Harris 
and  "William,  he  went  to  work,  grubbed  and 
cleared  the  land  and  farmed  it  for  five  years, 
paying  $1,000  in  interest  before  he  had  it  paid 
for.  lie  built  large  and  comfortable  barns  for 
his  grain  and  stock,  and  made  other  valuable 
improvements  on  his  property,  afterward  selling 
for  $12,000,  He  again  bought  some  land,  545 
acres,  paying  S4,0(_I0  for  it,  and  after  nuiking 
some  improvements  sold  it  for  $5,000. 

He  and  his  family,  to  which  two  children  had 
been  added  in  Oregon,  then  went  to  (California 
on  a  pleasure  trip.  There  he  purchased  a  place 
near  Santa  Kosa,  which,  in  1879,  he  sold  and  re- 
turned with  his  family  to  Oregon.  He  settled 
in  Forest  (Jrove,  to  afford  his  children  an  op- 
portunity for  securing  a  good  education.     Five. 


lIlS'UUiY   OF  ouhooy. 


Win 


of  tilt)  cliildrun  iitteiided  tlie  eollufro.  Liitcr  lie 
rcinoviMl  to  Siiluiii,  nliero  tlin  cliililrcii  coiitiiiiied 
their  etiidics.  He  then  niovi'd  U)  I'olk  county, 
where  he  piirelmsed  iH)  iieres,  payiiij^  tor  it 
*17,00(). 

It  was  thei'(^  a  torrilde  triif^edy  was  enacted, 
wliich  Ims  ever  since  saddened  tiie  parents'  jives. 
While  iivini^  happily  tiiere,  tlnnr  danglitcr  ( 'lara, 
who  had  married  Oscar  K'elty,  a  son  of  ii  inglily 
respcctalile  farmer,  with  whom  siio  had  lived 
two  years,  retnrntxl  with  her  little  children  to 
her  parents  nnable  to  endure  tlut  abuse  and 
crntd  treatment  of  her  husband.  One  evening, 
about  Tiine  o'clock,  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  (Wan- 
don,  her  huBbaiid  catne  to  the  house  and  asked 
to  see  her.  She  came  into  the  room,  seating 
her  children  on  the  floor.  He  asked  her  if  she 
would  live  with  him,  and  she  scarcely  had  time 
reply  when  he  drew  a  revolver  and  siiot  her, 
and  she  fell  dead  on  her  children,  the  ball  [jaas- 
ing  throuj;li  her  body  and  buryin<^  itself  in  the 
piano!  He  escaped  but  was  soon  afterward  ar- 
rested and  lod^red  in  jail ;  but  the  neijj;hbors  were 
so  exasjierated  at  his  cowardly  and  mnnlerous 
deed  that  they  took  liini  out  and  lumped  him 
until  he  was  dead.  Mo  pen  can  portray  the  suf- 
fering of  the  bereaved  parents;  the  shock  was  a 
terrible  one,   from  whiidi  they  never  recovered. 

They  retired  from  the  farm  to  North  Yam 
Hill  taking  with  them  the  two  little  children  of 
their  dani^hter.  Most  of  .Mr.  (tlandon's  chil- 
dren reside  in  the  neigliborhooil.  Jfis  first 
cliikl.  Hlleu  .lane,  died  when  three  years  of  age; 
Sarah  died  when  eighteen  years  old;  John  mar- 
rieil,  died  after  a  year,  leaving  a  widow  and 
u  child,  whom  the  parents  brought  with  them 
to  Oregon,  where  the  widow  miirrieil  Hczekiah 
Bailey;  Taylor  dicil  aft(M'  the  removal  to  ( )regon, 
aged  si.xteen  years:  Mary  .Vnn  married  in  Iowa 
and  came  to  Oregon,  where  she  died  aged 
twenty-two  years;  the  youngest  daughter  by  his 
first  wife,  Catharine  Gosher,  died  in  her  thir- 
tieth year.  The  children  by  his  last  wife  are: 
Harris,  who  resides  in  Seattle;  William  II., 
who  died  in  1875,  aged  twenty-two  years;  Perry 
C.  who  died  in  1885,  aged  thirty  years;  Emma, 
wife  of  Norris  I'erkins,  residing  in  North  Yam 
Hill;  Russell,  who  is  in  Portland;  Amanda,  the 
wife  of  Asa  McKorn,  a  prosperous  inerchant  of 
North  Yam  Hill;  Mathihla,  wife  of  William 
Newhouse;  Seymour,  living  in  Portland;  Lizzie, 
who  resides  with  her  parents;  and  Warren,  now 
at  school  at  home. 


B8 


Mr.  (ilandon  was  a  Demiici'at  in  politics, 
although  lie  never  took  a  proiiiinent  part  in  j)ub- 
lic  alfairs,  preferring  to  give  his  attention  to 
private  matters. 

He  was  a  worthy  member  of  the  Methodist 
Churcli,  as  also  is  his  widow,  to  the  siijiport  of 
which  they  have  liberally  coiitribiiteil.  This 
triilv  good  man  passed  away  from  earth  Decem- 
ber 1,  l>i!)2,  at  tiis  home  in  North  Vam  Hill, 
leaving  a  devoted  family  and  many  friends  to 
iiiourn  his  loss. 

Such  is  the  life  of  an  inilustrions  and  honor- 
able man,  who  has  twice  arisen  out  of  indigence 
to  wealth  without  assistance  and  without  de- 
frauding his  fellow-men.  I'pright  in  liisdeal- 
iugs,  cijiirteous  in  manner,  and  of  a  ki.idly  dis- 
position, he  enjoyed  the  unbounded  esteem  of 
all  who  know  him. 

— ^m^-m^-^^- 

I^KV.  OI'.Kl)  DICKINSON,  deceased,  was 
V^  the  first  pastor  of  the  first  Congregational 
^4^  Church  of  Salem,  and  arrived  in  this  city 
ill  1853,  on  the  Ttli  day  of  March.  He  was 
born  at  Amherst.  Massachusetts,  and  his  father, 
Obed  Diokiiison,  was  a  native  of  the  same? 
State.  The  ancestors  of  the  family  emigrated 
to  America  during  colonial  days.  <)i)ed  Dick- 
inson, Sr.,  married  Ex])erience  Smith,  of 
Whateiy,  Massachusetts,  and  to  thciii  were  born 
thirteen  children,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dickinson  be- 
ing the  si.\tli  in  order  of  birth.  The  father  was 
an  honest,  industrious  man  a  blacksmith  by 
trade.  He  late  in  life  became  a  believer  in 
I'niversalisin.  Obed  Dickinson,  Jr.,  removed 
with  his  father's  family  to  the  Territory  of 
.Michigan  in  183(),  and  settled  on  a  farm  near 
(iilead,  liranch  county;  after  two  years  the  fa- 
ther died.  Mr.  Dickinson  was  thus  left  with 
the  care  of  the  mother  and  younger  children, 
a  duty  he  performed  faithfully  and  with  char- 
acteristic cheer  and  courage.  He  remained  on 
the  farm  until  he  was  twenty-five,  when  the 
mother  died;  the  younger  children  were  then 
taken  in  charge  by  relatives,  and  our  worthy 
subject  was  thus  left  free  to  carry  out  some  of 
his  long-cherished  plans;  he  went  to  Ontario, 
Indiana,  and  there  took  a  course  in  a  prepara- 
tory school;  he  then  entered  Marietta  College, 
Ohio,  taking  a  four  years'  literary  course;  this 
completed,  he  became  a  student  in  Andover 
Theological  Seminary,  and  at  the  end  of  three 


m) 


UtSTOIiY    (IF    (tUKaON. 


I' 


!l    1  ■. 


'■'  M^:\ 


:*■ 


fi-i 


lilji 


It 


'.  n.  i 


yciirH  was  (iriliiiiifd  a  Cuiij^rogiitiunnl  iniiiigtLM' 

HI  il Ic|  \V('t<t  Clnircli  iit  AiiiloviT.  Si'[)teiiili(<r 

l.n  ls.J2. 

Ilu  WBH  iiiiiri'ied  ti>  Mion  ('hiirlottu  iliini- 
|)liruy.  a  imtive  of  Victor,  ( )nlai'ii' coiiiify.  New 
\tn-V..  iind  Ntivemlior  li{,  IM.'g.  llioy  (tailed  troiii 
NfW  Vdl'k  I'ity  iiri  tlic  Trade  Wind,  l)iiuiid  I'm'  liiu 
I'acilic  ciKist;  tlK!y  landed  at  I'tiitiand,  <  )ieg()M, 
Mandi  I,  1H5M.  and  eanie  to  Salem,  wiieie  .Mv. 
Diekin-cili  to(d<  eliarife  of  a  little  eliuiidi,  wliieli 
liaii  lieeri  oi'jjani/.ed  the  .Inly  previous,  witli  a 
inendjei'Bhip  of  t'onr;  his  lirst  sermon  was  du- 
liverud  in  i\w  BehoollioiiBu,  anil  for  fourteen 
years  and  one  niontli  lie  t'aithriilly  administured 
to  this  liand  of  \vorslii|)ers;  when  his  serviees 
a>  iiirstor  euased,  the  ineinliershiii  had  inereasud 
lo  ninety  six;  the  ])reM'iit  eliureh  edilice  was 
ereetecl  and  dediealt'd  wilhoiil  delit,  August  28, 
ISti!}. 

This  work  c.Dnipletud,  Mr.  l)iekiiison  pur- 
elnised  twonty-one  acres  of  choice  land,  ono  and 
a  i|nartcr  ini!(»s  from  Salem,  and  gave  his  at- 
tenliim  to  the  culti\atiiin  of  ganlun  seeds;  later 
e>iahli8liini;  a  large  store  in  Salem,  wdience  he 
ship|)ed  seeds  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 
In  the  press  of  commereiiil  life  he  iieviu'  relin- 
i|iiislied  his  work  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel. 
and  in  187t')  ho  united  with  the  Reventli  Day 
Adventists,  after  which  ho  was  pastor  of  that 
society,  which  numliered  thirty-six  soidi-. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dickinson  liid  toiir  i  Uildren, 
three  of  whom  died  in  childhood:  i  or.i  Lairiira. 
is  tiie  wife  of  A.  \.  Moores,  and  ,'e-!i!i  o  in  Salem. 

Mr.  Dickinson  had  adhered  lo  liie  pi-in('i])les 
of  the  Itepiiblican  party  since  its  organization. 
He  was  always  a  stanch  supporter  of  law  and 
order,  and  arrayeil  himself  on  the  side  of  right, 
regardless  of  results,  and  thus  won  the  highest 
esteem  of  all  good  citi/cens.  He  died  Novem- 
ber 27,  1S'J2,  after  a  few  hours'  illness,  leaving 
a  devoted  family  ami  many  friends  to  mourn 
his  loss. 


.EUASTIAX  BUUTSCHER,  another  one 
of  tlie  honored  pioneers  of  Oregon,  a 
prominent  farmer  and  citizen  of  Yam 
Hill  county,  was  horn  in  Havaria,  Germany, 
Novemlier  27,  182(),  the  son  of  (-lerman  parents. 
Yoiitig  Hrutsclier  spent  two  year.'*  in  one  of 
the  universities  of  his  native  countrv,  find  then 
came  to  the    rnited  States,  landing    in  New 


York   in   Aiigu-I,  IS17.     He   went  to  liiiliRim, 

and  from  there,  in  IH|',I,  ('ros^ed  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  lie  came  to  this  State  with  a  coni- 
panyof  (fovermiient  Mounted  Killemeii,  he  hav- 
ing a  jiosition  in  the  ('ommis>ary  Department. 
The  olijeet  of  the  e\|)edition  was  to  ehastiso 
the  (!ayuse  Indians,  and  was  eonducteil  liy  (Col- 
onel l.oring.  They  crossed  the  (Cascades  and 
arrived  safe'  in  (Iri'goii  City,  where  Mr.  l!riil- 
>cher  was  discharged.  He  soon  found  employ- 
ment here  at  A5  per  day,  working  on  a  Miwmill 
for  .lames  Moore,  .\fter  tlii>  lie  came  to  the 
Chehaleiii  valley  in  Yam  Hill  county  and 
worked  in  a  sawmill  all  winter,  receiving  the 
same  wages. 

In  1850  Mr.  liriitscher  took  a  donation  claim, 
the  one  on  which  he  now  resides,  and  about  that 
time  was   nnirrieil  to   Miss   Mary  Kverest,  a  na- 
tive of   Kent,    Kngland.     Her  father,    Richard 
Kverest,  also  a  native  nf  Kngland,  came  to  Ore- 
gon in    lHf7.       In    the    spring  of    18.")l    Mr. 
I>ruts(dier  went  to   ^'reka.  California,  where   he 
engaged   in    iiining  and  had  fair  success.      l{e- 
tiirning   to  his    claim,  he  and   his  wife  went  to 
housekeeping   in  a   little   log  eal)in,  S  x  10  feet, 
with   puncheon   tloois  and    a   bedstead   made  of 
fir    iioles.  fastened   in  the   side  of    the   house. 
Their  cooking   utensils   consisted   of  a  skillet, 
frying-pan,  two  iron    pots  and  a   teakettle,  and 
eo-t  *18.      He  worked    hard   to  clear  his   land, 
and  as  the  years  rolled   by  prosperity   attended 
his  efforts.      In  1857  he  built  a   sawmill,  which 
be  operated   thirteen   years,  at    the   same   time 
conducting   his   tanning  operations.      He   paid 
for  his   mill,  built    a  large  residence,  and  con- 
tinued to  develop   his  farm,  and  l)v  his  intelli- 
gent industry  was  early  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most    substantial    men    of    the     vicinity.      He 
passed  safely  through  the  panic  and  iliiU  times  of 
185t?  to  '58.      During   the   war  he  was  elected 
and  served  four  years  as  County  Commissioner, 
and  his  efficient   services  helped   to  pilot    ^'aiii 
Hill  county  through  those  troublous   days.     In 
1884  he    was  again    elected  (!ounty   Commis- 
sioner,  and  was  re-elected  three  times,  thus  hav- 
ing   served  ten    years  in    that  capacity.     For 
twenty  years  he  served  as  Clerk  of   the  School 
Hoard  in  his  district. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brntscher  have  had  eleven 
children,  nine  daughters  and  two  sons,  of  whom 
two  died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are  as  fol- 
lows: .Fane,  Carrie,  wife  of  Hamilton  Hutch- 
ings;  Emma,  wife  of  Jojin  Kramien;  Ida,  wife 
of   F.   E.    Hadley;    B<>rtie,   wife  of    Henry   H. 


niHTOIlY    (IF    illtKdON. 


881 


Iliigoy;  JiHiirH,  (loorjje  A.,  wlio  in  inarrii<d  mid 

rt^•»ill(•rt  ill  Iliiiiitiliu  (!i)iiiity;Hinl  SdlmHtiim  Ai)rii- 
liiitn. 

Mr.  itnitrtclior  Iiuh  Ijcen  ii  iiupiiUlicHii  sinci! 
tiie  cirgnniziiliiiii  of  tli(?  piirty,  iiml  iimier  (irnnt'H 
iiiiiiiiiiiMtnitioii  lie  wtib  tliu  lii'Ht  I'ostiiiiiritcr  uf 
Newberg. 

;ILI,IAM   M.  IlALSTON.a  losidoiif  of 
Alliiiiiy  and  an  Orci^nii  pioni'tT  of  1S47, 
was  liorii   ill    llix-k villi-,  I'urko  comity, 
Indiana,  in  Marcii,  1824. 

.k'rciiiiaii  Ualbtoii,  IiIh  faflicr,  was  iiorn  and 
reared  in  Ohio.  He  went  to  Indiana  when  a 
young  man,  and  in  1H2'2  was  nmrried  in  Wash- 
ington eoiinty,  to  Miss  Miir;;iu'et  iMcKiiigiit. 
After  tiieir  marriage  they  settled  in  li  )ckville. 
lie  cngai^ed  in  fariniiiii  and  also  in  tradini;, 
rniiniiij^  thithoats  on  the  Waliash  and  Missis- 
sippi rivers  down  to  New  <  )rleaiis,  wliere  he  sold 
lioth  the  carijoes  of  produce  and  the  ixiats.  In 
1837  tiiey  removed  to  IJiirlingtoii,  Iowa,  where 
Mr.  Kalstoii  condiicitMl  a  village  store  and  car- 
ried on  farmini£  until  the  spring;  of  1817.  At 
that  time  lie  sold  out  and  prepared  to  seek  a 
home  ill  the  far  West.  He  ixMifrht  three  wacr- 
ons.  with  prairie  onttit,  and  fifteen  yoke  of  cat- 
tle, and  with  his  wife  and  six  children  started 
on  their  overland  journey  to  Oregon.  They 
left  l'.iirlini,rton  on  the  1st  of  Marcli  and  crossed 
the  Missouri  river  at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  on 
the  1st  of  April.  A  train  was  then  organized, 
consistiii}'  of  about  fortv-tive  wajfoiis  and  150 
people,  Albert  1  )avidson,  who  had  crossed  the 
plains  ill  18  to.  being  elected  captain.  Arriving 
at  the  Dalles,  they  were  detained  one  week  be 
cause  of  Indian  troubles;  crossed  the  ("iiscade 
mountains  by  the  Harlow  route;  and  entered 
Oregon  (Jity.  September  10,  1847.  Mr.  Ilals- 
ton  settled  on  ()40  actres  in  Linn  county,  the 
present  site  of  Lebanon.  In  1852  he  laid  out 
and  founded  the  town  of  Lebanon,  and  estab- 
lished the  first  store  in  that  place.  He  there 
followed  farming  and  mercantile  life  until  .Vii- 
giist  12,  1877,  when  he  died,  aged  seventy-four 
years. 

William  M.  received  his  education  in  Indi- 
ana and  Iowa,  and  in  1847  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon  with  bis  parents,  driving  an  ox  team 
the  entire  distance.  The  next  year  he  crossed 
the  Siskiyou  mountains  and  at  intervals  passed 
two  years  in  the  mining  districts  of  California, 


each  trip  being  very  successful.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Lebanon,  in  185.'J,  to  Miss  Laiii'h  A. 
I)enny,  daughter  of  (Jhri.^tiHii  Denny,  a  pioneer 
of  1852.  After  their  marriiigc  they  settled  on 
the  donation  claim,  adjoliiiiig  liis  i'atli'  r,  he 
having  taken  this  claim  on  (irst  coming  to  the 
Territory.  He  was  alsoemrageil  with  his  father 
in  merchandising  in  Lebanon  until  about  181)0. 
In  1890  ho  |)lattcd  an  addition  to  Lebanon  and 
sold  a  nninber  of  town  lots.  In  1871  be  rented 
his  farm,  built  a  comfortable  home  in  Albany, 
and  has  since  lived  here,  retired  from  active 
life.  He  still  owns  two  bnndreil  acres  of  his 
original  claim  and  has  120  acres  two  miles  from 
Albany,  both  projierties  being  rented.  Mr. 
Ualston  is  a  public-sj)irited  man  and  is  actively 
interested  ill  various  enterprises.  He  itssisterl 
in  organizing  and  piisheil  to  completion  the  W'il- 
laiiiftte  Valley  &  Cascade  Miiiintaili  Military 
wagon  road,  was  a  stockholder  in  the  Albany  & 
Santiam  Canal,  and  is  also  a  -tockliolder  of  the 
Lelpanoii  it  Santiam  Canal,  lie  has  servtMl  two 
terms  in  the  Columbia  Council  ri  Albany.  He 
is  one  of  the  conservative  and  highly  esteemed 
citizens  of  the  town,  being  widely  known  and 
much  respected.      He  is  a  Ivniglit  'Feinplar. 

Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Kalston  have  two  chililren: 
Loiiiier  Owen,  engaged  in  the  stock  business  in 
<a-tern  Oregon:  and  .loseph,  who  is  now  at- 
tending the  .Vlbany  ('ollcgiate  lustitiite.  They 
lost  three  in  early  (diildhood. 

jjWUDGE  ALSTON  C.  ARCH  HOLD,  a  prom- 
jJl  iiient  citizen  and  business  man  of  Ilills- 
^  boro.  and  ex-.Judge  of  the  county  of  Wash- 
ington, Oregon,  was  born  in  Virginia,  August 
2;i,  1835.  His  father,  Edward  Arcdibold,  was 
born  in  (Ilarksburg,  Vermont,  in  1812.  They 
were  of  Irish  ancestry  and  early  settlers  of  Ver- 
mont. Edward  Archbold  married  Kachol 
Nichland  of  Maryland  and  the  daughter  of  Dr. 
Job  i  Nichland,  a  native  of  Maryland  and  of 
Scottish  ancestry.  There  \vere  born  to  them 
seven  children,  of  whom  three  are  livinw.  Mr. 
Archbold,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  the 
third  child.  He  was  raised  in  the  town  of 
Woodsfield,  Ohio,  and  received  a  common 
school  education.  He  studied  law  with  his  fa- 
ther and  Colonel  Ilichardson,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  18t]0  and  commenced  his  practice 
then,  and  continued  it  until  1801  when  the  civil 
war  burst  with  all  its  fury  upon   the  country. 


Il» 


I    II 


882 


niSTOUY    OF    OREQON. 


I ' .  Mti 


At  liis  coiiiitrv'f  I'lill  toi'  viilmiteers  to  put 
down  the  ri'liollioii.  Ik:  ciilistod  in  Company  1>, 
Tweiity-tifth  Ohio  Voliiiitcur  Itifaiitfy,  and  was 
a])j)oiiitod  Orderly  Suri^cant.  Tlicy  were  sunt  to 
(irat'toi),  Vermont,  tliencu  to  I'iicat  mountains 
and  enijaged  in  ti)e  battle  of  Gre(>nt)ricr,  near 
CluMit  nioiintiiins.  After  the  engagement  he 
was  promoted  to  i^econd  Lieutenant  in  Company 
A.  He  later  reeeived  the  ap|)ointment  of  Pro- 
vost Marsiial  fronHicneral  Mullroy.  and  after 
servinij;  in  that  (;a[)aeity  several  months  he  was 
made  .Indge  Advocate.  While  he  was  serving 
in  this  eajiaeity  he  had  some  (Ktheulty  with  his 
captain  and  resigned  his  position  and  returned 
home,  where  he  met  Mr.  James  Steel  now  of 
Portland,  Oregon,  and  they  together  went  to 
Oregon.  After  remaining  during  the  winter 
in  Salem,  he  wcmt  to  IJoise  mines  and  engaj^ed 
in  mininji;,  for  three  yeai-s  mining  with  good 
success.  His  first  year  there  he  made  820,()()(). 
He  took  out  ^{)  a  day  at  times.  Later  he  in- 
vested in  claims  that  diil  not  prove  satisfactory 
and  he  lost  his  money  much  more  easily  than 
he  had  made  it.  After  he  had  had  enough  of 
the  mines  he  returned  to  Portland  and  pur- 
chased a  stock  of  dry  f,'ood8  and  opened  a  suc- 
cessful business  that  he  carried  on  for  seventeen 
years.  At  Centerville  and  then  at  Hillshoro  in 
1866,  he  entered  into  partnership  with  lion. 
W.  S.  Hare.  After  a  year  Mr.  Hare  was  ap- 
pointed Collector  of  Customs  of  .\8toria,  and  Mr. 
Arehbold  purchased  his  interest  and  continued 
the  business  fourteen  years.  In  the  meantime 
in  1866,  he  was  elected  Probate, Jtulge.  and  he 
held  that  otKce  four  years.  In  1885  he  sold 
his  stock  to  Messrs.  Weliring  and  l?<jscow.  and 
turned  his  attention  to  his  farm  of  iU7  acres  of 
land  located  ei;,dit  miles  north  of  Ilillsboro. 
He  had  piindiased  this  land  in  1885  and  is  en- 
gaged in  raising  fine  C-lydesdale  and  I'crcheron 
horses,  lie  had  twenty-one  brood  mares  and 
produced  some  very  tine  species  and  now  owns 
a  colt,  twenty-three  months  old,  that  weighs 
l,it'i8  ])ounds.  Mr.  .Andibold  traded  this  farm 
for  another  and  a  sawmill  on  the  east  fork  of 
Daisy  (3rcek.  whore  he  has  continued  his  stock- 
raising  in  connection  with  lumb(>ring.  In  1890 
he  returned  to  Hillshoro  and  opened  a  lumbcu' 
business  iind  in  December  ISUl  purcbaKiid  the 
hardware  business  of  Mr.  J.  C.  Lampkin.  He 
i.-  now  conducting  the  store  and  the  lumber 
business.  He  has  purchased  property  in  Hills- 
horo and  built  a  residence  wlu^re  he  resides  with 
liis  family. 


He  was  married  in  186-1  to  Miss  Frances 
Wilco.x,  formerly  of  Oregon  City,  and  the 
tlaughter  of  Dr.  llal|)h  Wilcox,  a  pioneer  of 
1815.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arciibold  have  a  family 
of  seven  children:  llalpli  Edward  died  in  his 
twenty-third  year;  Molly  is  the  wife  of  Mr. 
John  lieoyle.  who  is  the  editor  of  the  St.  Helen's 
Mist;  the  other  children  are  P2va,  Jennie,  May, 
John  O.,  Hugh,  .Mston  ().,  and  Bessie.  In  his 
early  life  .ludge  .\rchiiold  was  a  Douglas  Di-in- 
ocrat,  but  when  the  war  began  he  joined  the 
Union  |)arty  and  voted  for  Mr.  Lincoln  and  has 
been  a  liepiiblican.  but  is  now  (|nite  independ- 
ent. He  has  prospered  in  bis  lousiness  and  is 
now  the  ownoi'  of  considerable  reu'  estate,  both 
in  the  county  and  at  Astoria  and  Portland.  He 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  well-ijeing  of  his 
town,  county  and  State 


^r^ 


m^m^^^-- 


IILTON  ELI  AS  DILLEY.an  eminently 
resi)ected  pioneer  of  1853  of  Oregon, 
and  the  person  after  whom  the  enter- 
prising town  of  Dilley  is  named,  is  a  native  of 
Indiana,  being  born  in  Hancock  county,  May 
15,  1836.  His  ancestors  came  from  Scotland 
and  located  in  Virginia,  where  his  father,  Sam- 
uel Dilley.  was  born,  and  who.  after  arriving  tu 
manhood,  married  Elizabeth  Moice,  of  (icrman 
ancestry,  who  were  a  I'emarkably  hardy  and 
long-lived  people,  her  father  reaching  the  ex- 
treme old  age  of  115  years.  To  the  parents  of 
our  subject  were  born  seven  children,  all  of 
whom  are  living,  Milton  being  the  si.xtli  in 
order  of  birth.  The  father  of  our  subject  was 
a  farmer,  and  died  when  eighty-six  years  of  age. 
He  was  reared  oi\  a  farm  in  his  mitive  State, 
and  attended  the  winter  schools  of  his  vicinity, 
until  he  reaidied  the  age  of  seventeen  years, 
when,  uiuisually  precocious  and  energetic  for 
one  of  his  years,  be  turned  his  face  toward  the 
setting  Bun.  and  worked  his  way  to  Oregon  by 
dri.iiig  an  ox  team  across  the  almost  intermin- 
able prairies,  walking  nearly  every  step  of  the 
way.  Previous  to  coming  West  he  drove  stock 
from  Iniliana  to  Pliihidel|)hia,  thus  making  an 
almost  uninterrupted  journey  liy  foot  from 
ocean  to  ocean.  ISeing  a  good  marksman,  l\j 
made  excellent  use  of  his  ritle  in  killing  game 
for  the  company  on  the  trip  overland,  iucidentKl 
to  w.'iich  he  relates  this  circumstance,  which 
occurred  on  Liutfalo  creek; 


HraGg..t^      _*. 


UlsroRY    OF    OHEOOS. 


m 


A  few  of  tlio  |iarty  wont  uri  a  l)ulTiilii  liiiiit, 
and  Mr.  Oilley  wounded  an  animal,  wliicli  tliey 
I'dllowed  lor  about  six  miles  from  the  camp  to 
near  the  sand  hills,  and  while  some  of  the  party 
were  skinning  the  animal  and  cnttin<j;  it  up  in 
shape  to  carry  in,  he  and  another  yonnj;;  man 
went  into  the  sand  hills,  where  they  saw  in  the 
distance  a  wolf.  His  companion  went  around 
the  hill  to  head  him  off,  in  order  that  .Mr.  Dil- 
ley  niiglit  {,'et  a  shot  at  him.  After  proceedinjr 
some  distance  in  the  hills,  Mr.  Dilley  heard  a 
noise,  and  a  shower  of  arrows  tlcw  past  his 
head.  J.ookini);  in  the  direction  from  which 
they  came,  ho  perceived  a  party  of  Indians 
who  were  shooting  at  him.  Without  he-'itation 
he  fired  at  them,  and  thinks  one  Indian  received 
the  contents  of  his  ritie.  lie  then  retreated  as 
fast  as  he  could  around  the  hill,  to  get  back  to 
the  inen,  but  when  he  had  gone  pai't  way  around 
he  discovered  an  Indian,  who  had  run  to  head 
him  off.  The  Indian  was,  howver,  goinfr  in 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Dilley 's  companion,  who 
had  heard  the  tiring,  and  discovering  the  In- 
dians, was  making  a  (piick  retreat  at  a  great 
distance  from  there.  The  Indian  had  not  dis- 
cerned Mr.  Dilley,  l)ut  saw  the  man  in  the  dis- 
tance who  was  making  good  his  ;>scape,  and 
appeared  to  be  greatly  amazed  at  the  way  he 
had  gotten  away.  The  Indian's  head  and 
shoulders  were  above  the  bill,  and  Mr.  Dilley 
took  a  good  aim,  and  down  he  went;  whether  he 
dro])ped  to  hide  or  was  brought  down  by  his 
unerring  rifle,  he  did  not  wait  to  discover,  but 
retreated  in  the  direction  of  the  men  and  the 
butf'alo.  He  saw  no  more  'ndians,  and  that 
was  the  narrowest  escape  ot  his  life.  For 
several  days  and  nights  thereafter  the 
took    e.xtra     precaution     against 


lappily   escaped    witliout   further 


attack,    but 
[•station. 
Finally  Mr.  I)illey  arrived  safely  in  Oregon  on 
iNoveml)er  12,  1853. 

lie  first  went  to  Linn  county,  and   as  he  was 
under  age,  and   conseiiuently  could  not  take 


cl 


aim,  he  w( 


orked  out  lo 


r  a  couple  of  years 


y 


Ii 


18135  he  went  to  the  mines  in  California,  work- 
ing on  IScott's  river,  Cherry  creek,  Deadwood 
and  Vreka  Hats  He  remained  in  (Jalifornia 
until  August.  1857,  being  fairly  successful, 
realizing  about  $6,000.  While  v.orkiuir  on 
Scott's  biiv  t'or  wages,  he  found  a  single  nugget 
which  was  valued  at  iftoOO.  He  loaned  his 
money  fo  parties  who  failed,  thus  losing  it  all. 
A  |)art  of  this  time  he  was  engaged  in  furnisli- 
ing  the  (tovernmcnt,  at   I'ort  Jones,  with  beef. 


in  which  he  was  very  snccessfid.  Finally  he 
went  from  Califoi'nia  to  Jackson  county,  Ore- 
gon, and  from  thei'e  to  ('rescent  City,  where  he 
took  passage  on  a  steamer  for  Portland.  Thence 
he  came  to  Washington  county,  where  he  ar- 
rived on  August  8,  1857,  working  most  of  the 
time  from  then  until  1862  for  Colonel  Thomas 
Cornelius. 

lie  was  married  on  the  last  day  of  August, 
18()2,  to  Miss  Martha  Pool,  who  was  born  in 
Butler  county,  Ohio,  in  184(5,  and  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  flohn  [\)ol,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  who 
married  Miss  Jane  Walker,  of  Butler  county^ 
Ohio.  When  his  daughter  was  two  years  olil 
he  removed  to  Illinois,  remaining  there  till 
1858,  when  he  decided  to  emigrate  to  Oregon. 
Journeying  across  the  plains,  he  arrived  in  the 
WillaiUL-tte  valley  October  12, 1858, and  located 
on  a  claim  four  miles  north  of  llillsboro.  Here 
he  was  elected  to  the  otlice  of  Assessor  of  his 
county,  serving  with  marked  ability.  In  18(54 
ho  became  a  member  of  his  youngest,  son's 
(8.  W.  Pool)  family,  residing  in  Ada  county, 
Idaho.  Here  ho  busied  himself  with  stock- 
raising,  making  a  specialty  of  tine  horses,  ami 
remained  at  this  place  till  his  death,  dying  in 
1888   aged  over  sixty-two  years. 

In  1804  Mr.  Dilley  removed  with  his  wife  to 
Gale's  creek,  two  and  a  half  miles  northwest  of 
Forest  Grove,  where  he  jjurchased  150  acres,  to 
which  be  has  added  from  time  to  time,  until  ho 
now  owns  400  acres  of  the  choicest  farming 
land  in  the  comity,  all  of  which  is  highly  im- 
proved with  substantial  buildings  and  all  mod- 
ern facilities  for  caring  for  agricultural  products, 
besides  being  under  an  excellent  .tate  of  cidti- 
vation.  He  also  purchased  a  tract  of  140  acres, 
through  which  the  I'aili'oad  has  been  built,  and 
on  which  Mr.  Dilley  staited  the  town  which  the 
railroad  named  Dilley.  It  is  a  fimi  tract  of 
land,  and  some  residence  and  business  buildings 
have  already  been  erected,  promising  in  time  to 
be  a  thriving  center  of  trade. 

Mr.  Dilley  has  always  followed  agricultural 
pursuits,  but  in  1883,  in  order  to  afi'ord  his 
children  the  opportunity  of  acquiring  a  higher 
education  at  the  Pacific  University,  he  pur- 
chased a  home  in  Forest  (irove.  Here  he  still 
resides,  although  still  continuing  his  fanning, 
besides  which  he  is  largely  interested  in  stock- 
raising,  |)rincipally  Holstcin  and  Shorthorn 
cattle  and  a  graile  of  Knglish  Coach  an<l  Percli- 
trou  horses. 


834 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


I    I 


I  f 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dilley  linve  liiul  ten  ('hildreii, 
seven  of  whom  are  living,  mid  all  of  whom 
wer(3  born  in  Washington  county:  Thomas  A. 
is  at  Tillamook;  Allen  Sherman  is  on  the  farm; 
William  Samni'l,  James  Lloyd,  Lillie  May,,rohn 
Nelson  and  Ernest,  are  at  hoine  with  their 
parents. 

Mr.  Dilley  has  been  a  Republican  since  the 
organization  of  the  party,  but  at  present  favors 
the  principles  of  the  I'eople's  party.  Of  nnim- 
])eachal)le  probity  and  great  kindliness  of  charac- 
ter, he  enjoys  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 


I^ICIIAUl)  i).  MALONE  came  to  Oregon 
in  1843,  in  the  first  wagon  emigration  that 
crossed  the  plains.  He  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri, on  the  8tli  of  October,  183-i.  His  par 
ents  were  liobert  and  Matilda  (Arthur)  Malone. 
His  mother  died  when  he  was  nine  months  old, 
and  he  had  only  reached  his  fifth  year  when  his 
father  was  killed  by  a  kick  from  a  horse,  and 
Mr.  Malone  was  raised  by  his  uncle  William 
Arthur,  and  with  him  crossed  tiie  plains.  Their 
Wiigons  were  floated  down  the  Columbia  river 
on  rafts  made  of  logs.  They  crossed  the  Colum- 
bia river  at  the  mouth  of  Hood  river,  then 
down  the  north  side  of  the  Columbia,  to  Van- 
couver. At  Vancouver  they  crossed  theC'olum- 
bia  to  the  Oregon  side,  and  thence  to  Oregon 
City  in  safety.  They  found  one  little  store 
kept  by  tlie  Hudson's  Kay  Company.  From 
Oregon  City  they  went  east  si.\  miles  and  took 
up  (34C  acres  of  choice  prairie  land,  and  then  it 
was  that  the  uncle  of  our  hero  began  pioneer 
life  and  resided  on  his  claim  for  twenty-four 
years.  They  had  a  good  deal  of  trouble  with 
the  Indians,  and  oftei'.tinies  they  were  in  great 
danger,  still  that  did  not  deter  them  from  pur- 
suing the  life  that  they  had  started  out  in  so 
bravely.  In  time  they  made  the  Indians  uniler- 
stand  that  they  were  not  afraid  of  them.  In 
order  to  keep  their  foes  friendly,  the  pioneers 
would  feecl  one  or  two  of  theii'  numlu'r,  but 
that  kindly  practice  had  to  be  stopjied,  as  so 
many  came  to  benctit  by  the  kiiulness  of  the 
white  man  that  it  was  impossible  to  satisfy  their 
demands. 

In  I80O  Mr.  Malone  married  Miss  Mary 
E.  Enston,  a  daughfiii'  of  Red  ma  Easton. 
They  came  to  Oregon  in  1847.  Mr.  .Ma- 
lone   worked    his    uncle's    t'ai'm  for  a  number 


I  of  years  and  his  'incle  died  in  18(5(5.  Mr.  Ma- 
lone had  ac([uired  the  trade  of  carpenter,  and 
worked  at  that  business  in  Hillsboro.  In  18(59 
he  settled  in  tint  city  and  purchased  lots  and 
built  a  home  ii;  which  he  has  resided  for  twenty- 
three  yiiivB.  He  has  followed  tiio  business  of 
contrictins;  and  buildinir  ever  >inoe,  and  has 
l)eco  ne  one  of  Ilillsboio'c  mo.'  "i.liable  and 
most  worthy  citizens.  Duiii  ir  h:.  •'  )ence  in 
the  city  he  has  superinttno  tne  ;  ■:  uiiig  of 
man/  of  the  best  residenct  then'  as  well  as 
nearly  all  the  chureiies. 

Three  children  have  been  born  to  lii.ii,  two  in 
Clackamas  county  and  one  in  Yam  Hill  county. 
His  son  .\aron  married  Mary  Constable  and  he 
resides  in  IIillsi)oro.  Malilon  married  M.  E. 
Baldra.  Hoth  of  his  daughters  were  born  in 
Oregon,  and  are  worthy  daughters  of  their  most 
worthy  father.  Mrs.  Malone  died  in  1805.  They 
had  only  been  married  nine  years.  She  was  a 
noble  (Christian  woman,  and  Mr.  Malone  felt 
her  loss  most  deeply,  and  has  remained  single 
ever  since.  Ho  has  been  a  Baptist  since  1857, 
he  has  led  a  consistent  Christian  life,  and  !iks 
been  a  devoted  husband  and  father.  He  is  now 
a  Deacon  in  his  church,  and  is  most  regular  i' 
his  atttendance  on  the  services,  aitling  it  in  ev<  y 
way  that  he  can.  All  who  know  Mr.  M''  Tie 
admire  his  upright  life.  He  has  seen  th*^  du!-. 
growth  of  the  great  State  of  Oregon,  ano  ak;,  5 
great  pleasure  in  its  wonderful  development. 


fAVID  PURSER,  who  is  well  known  as  a 
prospciDiis  fanner  and  ganlner  of  Heaver- 
ton,  Washington  county.  Oregon,  was  born 
in  Itedfordsliire,  England,  December  2(),  183!(. 
His  piiients,  Thomas  and  Martha  I'urser,  were 
'loth  natives  of  that  country  and  dcscendviits  of 
old  English  ancestry.  They  emigratiO  i  Illi- 
nois with  their  family  of  three  chi!  •(  ,  >he 
suliject  of  this  sketch  being  the  oldcs't,  •;:.! 
after  their  settlement  in  America  three  .  ,:  er 
children  were  borii  to  them.  The  father  was  a 
brick  manufacture''  and  an  honest  and  indns- 
tr' >us  mill,  ,'r  loi'i  Ik'  brought  his  family  to 
Oregon  -eitled  at  H.  nvertoii  and  engaged  in 
the  me'-juntile  'uis! :.at.^.  He  afterward  moved 
to  Hood  riviM'  where  he  died.  His  widow  is 
still  living  at  that  place.  She  is  a  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church,  to  which  he  also  be- 
longed. 


iS^ 


1^ 


HISTORY    OP    OUEGON. 


88S 


Daviil  I'lirser  was  mily  tun  yeari*  olil  wlit'ii 
liis  parents  came  to  America,  and  in  Illinois  he 
spent  his  yoiitli  and  yonnir  inunlidoii.  When 
tlie  great  civil  war  was  iiiangnrated  he  enlisted 
Angtiftt  15.  18()i,  in  (\impatiy  K,  Thirty  sev- 
enth Jllinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  for  three 
years  and  three  months  participated  in  all  the 
enifagements  of  his  reuiment,  iimong  which 
were  the  battles  of  Pea  Itidjre,  Perry  Grove, 
Vicksbiirg.  and  several  others.  At  the  expira- 
tion ot  his  term  of  service  he  received  an  hon- 
orable discharge  and  returned  to  his  home  in 
Illinois,  beino; completely  broken  in  health  from 
exposure  incurred  while  on  duty.  When  lie 
recovered  lie  engaged  with  his  father  in  the 
manufacture  of  brick,  which  he  continue(l  until 
they  came  to  Oregon.  Upon  his  arrival  in  this 
State,  he  purehafed  four  and  three-fourths  acres 
of  rich  land  and  devoted  it  to  the  cultivation  of 
onions.  At  first  it  was  in  a  measure  an  ex])eri- 
nient.  Ills  intelligent  industry  was  rewarded 
with  success,  aiul  as  he  saved  money,  he  from 
time  to  time  added  to  his  original  ])nrehase  until 
he  now  has  twenty-three  acres,  all  devoted  to 
the  production  of  onions  and  asparagus,  and  he 
is  now  one  of  the  leading  men  in  his  liiu'  in  this 
section  of  the  country.  He  has  made  the  ac- 
quaintance of  Allen  I'c  Lewis,  of  Portland,  large 
and  influential  wholesale  dealers,  and  through 
them  has  his  products  shipped  to  all  parts  of 
the  coast. 

Mr.  Purser  was  married  in  La  Fayette,  In- 
diana, to  ^tiss  Annie  I'nge,  amitive  of  England, 
born  at  Tottoin,  near  London,  in  1840.  Their 
commoilious  home  is  one  of  the  attractive  places 
of  Heaverton.  Mr.  Purser  is  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Church.  He  is  Master  of  tlie 
(irange,  is  one  of  the  stockholders  in  the  hall, 
and  is  President  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees.  In 
polities  he  is  a  Uepublican.  Few  men  of  Heaver- 
ton  are  more  richly  deserving  of  success  thoy 
have  achieved  than  is  Mr.  Purser. 


^ELEN   F.  SPALDING.— To  the  man  wlio 

has  been  so  fortunate  as  to  have  had  a 
good  mother,  wife,  sister  or  daughter,  the 
name  of  womai-  is  especially  dear;  and  pitiable, 
indeed,  is  the  man,  having  had  any  of  these, 
who  would  not  rejoice  at  the  success  of  woman 
in  whatever  profession  she  may  choose  for  her 
life-work.     Among  the  numy    fair  women  and 


brave  men  who  have  achieved  success  in  the 
enterprising  city  of  P'>rtland,  welind  her  whose 
name  heads  this  brief  sketch — a  lady  noted  for 
her  philanthrojiy  and  success  as  a  teacher,  and 
also  as  a  dealer  and  investor  in  real  estate  in  the 
city  of  her  choice,  Portland. 

Miss  Spalding  was  born  in  Chelmsford,  Massa- 
ehusftts,  the  daughter  of  Sherebiah  Spalding. 
Her  great-grandfather,  Zehulon  Spalding,  was 
a  captain  in  the  Colonial  army  during  the  Rev- 
olution. The  American  ancestor  of  thi^  family, 
Edward  Spahling,  came  from  England  to  Hrain- 
tree,  Massachusetts,  about  1()30.  The  ancestry, 
indeed,  is  traci'al)le  back  to  the  seventh  century, 
in  Flngland  and  Sciotland;  and  a  town  in  Lin- 
colnshire bears  their  name  in  the  history  of 
England.  Many  of  them  were  eTuinent  in 
literature  and  in  the  army.  In  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  family  it  is  believed  that  they  were 
Puritans,  but  Miss  Spalding's  parents  werr 
Pnitarians  and  Univt-rsalists.  Her  mother, 
whose  name  before  marriage  was  Lurena  Shedd, 
waf  a  native  of  (;arlisle,  .Massachusetts;  her 
mother's  father.  Ebenezer  Shedd,  was  a  man  of 
education,  and  jirevious  to  his  death  he  was  en- 
gaged in  writing  an  arithmetic,  which  bears  the 
date  1797,  and  is  very  nicely  executed;  it  is 
now  in  the  possession  of  Miss  Spalding.  Her 
people  had  great  ability  and  intluence,  were 
liberal  and  in  advance  on  all  the  ([uestions  of 
thi'  time.  Sherebiah  Spalding  had  nine  chil- 
<lren,  four  of  whom  are  still  living. 

Miss  Spalding  was  born  on  the  old  home- 
stead that  had  been  in  the  possession  of  the 
family  for  generations,  and  in  the  first  house 
built  in  that  town.  She  was  educated  in  both 
public  and  private  scliools.  a  pupil  of  Horace 
Maun,  and  graduated  at  Westl)rook  Seminary, 
at  that  tinie  !i  school  of  high  standing.  Later 
she  took  a  special  course  in  literature  and 
jjsychology  at  Antioch  College.  Then  she  be- 
gan her  career  as  a  teacher,  being  placed  at  the 
hi'ad  of  the  woman's  department  in  Westbrook 
Seminary,  which  position  she  filled  for  six 
years.  She  next  taught  a  year  in  the  liigh 
school  at  Fitchbui'g,  Massachusetts,  and  was 
then  elected  to  the  chair  of  English  Literature 
in  I'tu'htel  College,  at  .Vkron,  ( )hio.  She  ac- 
cepted this  position  upon  the  condition  that  she 
woidd  be  allowed  six  months  for  a  trip  to  the 
I'acific  coast.  She  made  the  journey,  visiting 
friends  at  I'ortland.  and  returned  to  the  college. 
.\fter  a  time  her  health  failed,  and  as  soon  as 
she  was  able   t(i  travel,  she  came  again  to  her 


Pi '  j 


830 


HISTORY    OF    OimwN. 


'\    :i'a':i| 


frit'tids  in  I'ortliiiid,  mid  for  tliioe  years  Iter 
place  was  reserved  for  her  at  Akron;  hut  when 
slie  considered  her  heahh.  her  friends  dissuaded 
her  fi'oin  return inir  to  collenc.  Siie  was  very 
fond  of  tni.  1.  especially  in  New  I'lnj^land ;  was 
excei'dingl)  :  '  '•'  he  scenery  and  tlielei^ends 
of  that  ]iortioi'  country,  and  was  a  j^reat 

admirer  of    {{alj  Udo  Hnierson,  having  tlie 

privilege  of  attemJi.iji  many  of  his  lectures,  as 
also  those  of  many  otlier  literaiy  men  and 
women  of  that  part  of  the  United  States;  and 
lier  opinions  were  larj^ely  formed  there. 

Wlien  siie  recovered  her  iiealth  she  was  elected 
as  a  teacher  of  liti'rature  in  the  I'ortland  High 
School,  and  she  iield  tiult  position  for  fliirteen 
year.s;  and  for  si.\  years  of  this  time  l,e  had 
classes  also  in  Civil  Government,  in  which  she 
took  great  interest.  She  accomi)lished  a  <;reat 
amount  of  i^ood  work  in  ti'ainin<);  the  minds  of 
the  youth  of  Portland,  to  whom  for  years 
she  was  an  accei)tal)le  and  helovcd  tutor. 

As  a  philantliro|)ist  she  was  widely  known; 
has  been  twice  a  delegate  to  the  National  I'on- 
ference  of  Charities  and  Corrections,  and  is  now 
an  active  member  of  the  Committee  for  \'isit- 
ing  I'enal  Institutions,  and  is  also  a  meml)er  of 
the  Hoard  of  Directors  tor  the  i'oys'  and  (Jirls' 
Aid  Society.  Siie  had  also  taken  a  deej)  inter- 
est ill  the  care  of  the  insane,  inakino'  many 
visits  to  the  insani'  asylum  of  ( )reo;on  for  the 
jiiirjKJse  of  learniiifi  what  could  be  <lone  to 
ameli(jiate  tlie  condition  of  the  inmates.  She 
has  wi'itten  somi'  valuable  articles  on  social  sci- 
ence, the  liiohcr  e<lii(':ition  of  woman,  and  kin- 
<li'e(|  topics.  llei'  etforts  in  this  <lirection  have 
shown  liei'  to  be  a  woman  of  tine  literaiy  taste, 
thorough  culture  and  of  liberal,  advanced 
thonirht. 

In  lfS82  she  bei;an  to  tnrn  her  attention  to 
I'eal  estate,  as  a  side  business,  and  >he  has  been 
very  successful  in  makiii<r  investments,  evincing 
excelletil  business  ability,  every  one  of  her 
business  investments  being  protitable.  She  is 
now  the  owner  of  >oiiie  of  the  most  ilesirable 
city  |)ropcrty.  wiiich  has  advanced  to  grtMit 
values  since  her  purchase.  She  has  recently 
liiiilt  a  line  business  block  on  .Mder  street  for 
stores,  ft  private  hotel  and  Hats,  in  the  plan^  and 
fini>li  of  which  slie  has  shown  that  at  least  one 
womaii  knows  what  is  wanted  to  make  a  de- 
sirable and  commodious  home.  <  >ii  w  portion 
of  this  projiertv  she  had  lived  with  her  honored 
and  helovel  mother.  .Vfter  her  mother's  death 
bhe  conceived  the   idea  tiiat  she  would  like  to 


build  a  (piarter  block  there,  and  it  required 
time  and  gjod  financiering  to  obtain  all  the 
projierty  at  reasonable  rates;  but  she  matnriMl 
hei'  pliins  and  accomplished  her  jiurpo^e.  not 
even  communicating  to  her  friends  her  business 
secrets.  She  has  so  successfully  dealt  in  real 
estate  that  she  has  demonstrated  that  success 
can  be  assured  by  making  purchases  on  time. 
It  is  a  considerable  task  even  to  nnike  money 
out  of  money,  but  it  requires  a  superior  order 
of  talent  to  make  money  without  capital. 

Miss  Spidding  has  lost  none  of  her  womanly 
relinenieiit  by  I'Ugaging  in  business,  she  is  ex- 
ceeilingly  (piiet  and  ladylike  in  her  manner,  is 
a  Worthy  nieiiibi-r  of  the  (Unitarian  Church,  and 
devoutly  thankful  that  her  parents  wore  liberal 
in  their  religious  views,  and  that  in  her  experi- 
ence she  has  not  been  trammelled  by  the  theo- 
logical traditions  that  many  of  the  present  day 
are  struggling  to  outlive.  .She  enjoys  the 
esteem  of  many  friends  ami  richly  deserves  the 
prosperity  wliicii  she  lias  achieved. 


7^:-m 


S>'-s=- 


fU.  LAIIID  N.  WOO  US,  the  oldest  prac- 
ticing physician  in  Dallas,  OregoTi,  was 
born  ill  Pennsylvania.  October  10,  18i35. 
His  ancestors  were  Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians, 
who  came  from  the  North  of  Ireland  at  an 
early  day  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  (irand- 
father  William  Woods,  settled  on  a  2()()-acre 
farm  in  Pennsylvania  over  100  years  ago,  and 
there  his  children  were  born  and  reared.  Ilia 
son  .lohn,  the  Doctor's  father,  was  born  in 
1S0()  and  spent  his  entire  life  on  the  home  farm, 
which  is  still  in  possession  of  tlu^  family. 

l^ird  N.  was  the  first  born  in  a  family  of 
thirteen  chihlren,  eight  of  whom  are  still  liv- 
ing, lie  grew  up  on  the  farm,  attended  the 
common  schools,  and  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  F.  Doiuddson. 
In  the  winter  of  181)")  "tHi.  be  tooii  a  course  of 
lectures.  Then,  after  live  or  six  years  s|)ciit  in 
tlu!  practice  of  his  profession,  Ik;  entered  the 
Medical  University  at  iSulfalo,  New  York,  and 
graduated  in  1872.  After  his  graduation  he 
located  at  Wheatland,  i'ennsylvania,  where  lie 
did  a  successful  practice  for  seventeen  years. 
While  there  he  was  a  member  of  the  Medical 
Association  of  Mercer  county,  of  tlie  State 
Medical  Society,  and  of  the  American  Medical 
Association. 


Mi 


\l  li' 


niHTOUY   OP  oitnaoN. 


sst 


In  1882  one  of  the  Doctor's  soiih  eunie  to 
Oregon  iiiid  made  siicli  a  favorable  report  of  the 
country  and  climate  that  the  father  was  ind need 
to  sell  out  and  come  West,  which  he  did  the 
followinjjyear,  1883.  lie  then  pnrchased  prop- 
erty in  Dallas,  and  has  since  been  a  residetit  of 
this  city.  He  soon  established,  and  now  con- 
dncts  a  lucrative  practice. 

In  18.")7  Ur.  Woods  married  Miss  Sarah  .1. 
Nelson,  a  native  of  his  own  State,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Alexander  Nelson,  a  descendant  of  one 
of  the  old  Pennsylvania  families.  They  have 
had  si.K  children,  five  of  whom  are  livinj^: 
Frank,  Milo  anil  Irwin  are  all  settled  in  Dallas; 
the  youngest  son,  John,  is  a  railroad  agent  in 
the  State  of  "Washington;  Miss  Maggie  resides 
with  her  parents. 

The  Doctor  is  in  politics  a  Republican.  Botli 
as  a  physician  and  citizen  he  is  highly  esteemed. 


^^iK^^-|-t=l 


><-J^ 


fKOllGE  II.  KILE  IIS,  an  Oregon  Pioneer 
I  of  1852,  and  one  of  the  representative 
iff*,  farmers  of  Polk  county,  is  of  German 
birth  and  ancestry.  The  family  were  Lutherans 
and  his  father  was  a  thrifty  mechanic.  Our 
subject  was  born  in  1824  and  educated  in  his 
initive  land,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of 
cabinet  maker.  In  1840,  to  avoid  conscription 
in  the  German  army,  he  evaded  the  otticers  and 
came  to  the  I'nited  States,  landing  in  Galveston, 
Texas,  where  he  soon  after  enlisted  as  a  soldier 
in  the  Mexican  war.  His  course  shows  that  he 
did  not  lack  for  courage,  but  that  he  objected  to 
being  forced  into  service.  His  enlistment  into 
the  service  of  the  United  States  was  voluntary, 
and  that  made  all  tiie  ditference  in  the  world. 
lie  continued  to  serve  all  through  the  war  with 
Mexico,  was  at  the  cajjtureof  the  City  of  Mex- 
ico, and  spent  months  in  the  city  after  its  cap- 
ture, lie  served  first  under  General  Taylor,  and 
later  under  (General  Scott.  They  retired  to  New 
( )rleans  and  wc^re  discharged.  At  this  time  the 
dreaded  yellow  fever  was  causing  many  deaths. 
In  .New  Orleans  he  suffered  from  its  attack  one 
right,  but  recovered.  From  New  Orleans  he 
went  to  St.  Louis,  where  cholera  was  prevalent, 
and  there  he  was  hired,  at  $0  per  night  to  care 
for  the  sick  anil  dying.  After  this,  in  1852,  he 
crossed  the  plains,  driving  loose  cattle  for  IIol- 
laday  it  Warner.  After  the  company  had  been 
H  month  on  the  road,  Mr.  Eilers  met  with  an  ad- 


venture. While  watching'  the  horses  that  niirjit 
the  moon  went  under  a  cloud.  Just  then  he 
thought  he  saw  a  wolf  making  for  the  horscH, 
He  took  careful  aim  and  laid  the  animal  low. 
When  the  camp,  aroused  by  the  shot,  came  out. 
it  was  found  that  the  tether  of  the  hi)r>e  was 
cut  close  to  the  stake,  and  that  the  "  wolf  "  was 
an  Indian,  who  had  covered  himself  with  a 
wolf's  skin,  and  Iniil  thus  approached  the  horses, 
hoping  that  the  guard  wasask'e|).  At  the  north 
Platte,  Mr.  Eilers  had  a  narrow  escajie  from 
being  drowned.  He  attempted  to  find  a  ford  to 
cross  the  river,  but  they  had  only  gone  a  short 
distance,  when  the  horses  pitched  into  a  deep  hole 
and  the  force  of  the  fall  threw  Mr.  Eilers  out 
of  the  saddle.  When  he  and  the  horse  cuine  to 
the  surface,  he  succeeded  in  catchini;  the  horse's 
tail.  Fearing  that  the  horse  would  kick  him  in 
its  struggles  to  reach  land,  he  managed  to  catch 
hold  of  the  stirrup,  and  in  this  way  managed  to 
cross  the  rapid  stream.  He  then  made  his  way 
up  the  river  until  he  found  an  old  Indian  raft, 
with  which  he  re-crossed  the  river  to  his  friends 
and  thev  all  crossed  together  and  continuc'l  their 
journey.  They  had  about  150  head  of  cattle 
with  them  and  it  was  by  diiving  them  for  Hol- 
laday  ifc  Warner  that  Mr.  Eilers  earned  his 
board  across  the  great  ])lain8.  Part  of  the  way 
he  had  a  horse  to  ride,  and  this  made  the  job 
much  easier. 

In  November,  1852,  he  came  to  his  donation 
claim,  three  miles  southeast  of  the  present  site 
of  McCoy.  Here  he  built  a  little  shanty  and 
resided  on  his  claim  for  twelve  years,  then  sold 
and  came  to  the  Rickreall  valley,  and  purchased 
190  acres  of  land,  but  after  five  years,  in  18()tt. 
he  went  to  Hitterroot  valley,  .Montana,  and  took 
with  him  a  drove  of  yearling  cattle,  which  lie 
kept  for  two  years  and  then  sold  them  for  860  a 
head,  making  a  great  profit  on  the  investment. 
In  1871  he  returned  to  the  liickreall  valley  and 
pnrchased  320  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  has 
since  resided,  raising  grain  and  stock.  In  187(5 
he  added  200  acres  to  his  other  lands,  and  now 
owns  526  acres  of  land.  He  has  ])urchased 
property  in  Salem  and  intend  to  retire  to  this 
city  and  spend  the  evening  of  his  life  retired 
from  business  cares. 

During  the  war  he  was  a  I'nion  ms^n.  but 
since  1874  he  voted  the  Democratic  ticket,  until 
1  became  a  member  of  the  Alliance,  but  lately 
ho  has  decided  to  be  i[uite  independent  in  poli- 
tics. He  has  served  his  county  for  several 
years,  in  a  creditable   manner  as  County  Com- 


nrsToiir  o/'  oiieoon. 


inissioner.  lie  wiis  Master  of  the  (rranpe  for 
several  years  and  is  a  meiiilier  for  nearly  thirty 
years  of  the  Ohristian  Clinreh,  which  he  lias 
aideil  in  huihlinif  np.  He  had  led  an  upright, 
honest  life  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of 
all  who  know  him. 

He  was  iiiiirried  in  1S54,  to  Sarah  McRey- 
iiohls,  ii  native  of  iMissonri,  and  a  pioneer  of 
1852.  The  train  siie  was  in  followed  the  one 
in  which  Mr.  Eilders  traveled,  and  they  were 
usually  only  one  day  hehind.  Tiiis  lady  has 
proven  herself  a  good,  true  wife  and  Christian, 
and  she  is  a  worthy  pioneer  woman  of  her 
time. 

fENJAMLN  WlNSOlt  has  heeii  a  resident 
of  ( (regon  since  the  year  tliat  sjie  became 
a  State.  He  was  horn  in  Salisbury.  IJuck- 
ingiiamshire,  Enirland.  April  2;i.  18:!2.  His 
parents  were  Willi. .n  and  Leath  (liol)inson) 
\Vinsor,  both  natives  of  Knghiud,  and  both  de 
scendimts  of  old  Kiiglisii  families.  The  father 
was  christened  in  the  I'^stublisluMl  Church,  but 
the  mother  was  a  Methodibt.  Our  subject's 
mother  was  Afr.  Winsor's  second  wife,  and  they 
had  ten  children.  Mr.  AVinsor  was  a  mechanic 
by  trade  and  was  a  worthy,  jiood  man. 

Our  sniiject  was  reared  in  Kngland  until  his 
twentieth  year,  wiien  he  >et  >ail  for  America,  in 
18."J2.  an  the  good  American  sliip  Masonic,  lie 
had  received  a  limited  edncation,  but  had  a  <jood 
pair  of  hands,  and  uood  farming  experience  as 
an  occupation  which,  with  good  judgment,  hon- 
esty of  pui'po^e  and  industrious  habits,  have 
gained  for  him  suc'ccss.  As  he  expected  to  be 
a  farmer  hi-  went  West  to  Illinois,  where  he 
worked  at  f.'irming  for  wages,  for  thieeand  one- 
half  years,  lleiiring  of  the  gold  diggings  of 
Calitorni:!.  he  went  West  in  18o().  and  mined  on 
the  middle  Viiba,  near  Downievilje.  whore  he 
remained  seventeen  months,  and  made  81,()0() 
the  first  year,  and  then  sunk  it  in  the  secotui 
year.  The  largest  nugget  he  found  was  worth 
i::i~'().  He  took  out  thirty-six  ounces  from  one 
crevice.  This  was  his  tirst  and  best  find,  as  he 
was  unable  to  lind  anything  nearly  as  rich  after- 
ward. From  the  mines  he  went  to  San  Jose, 
and  from  there  to  Santa  t'ru/,  and  from  there 
to  Los  Angeles,  where  he  remained  thirteen 
months.  He  then  went  to  Fort  Yuma,  and  via 
San  Diego  to  San  Francisco.      lie  then  came  to 


Spring  N'alley  via  Portland,  and  arrived  June 
21,  18."j9.  He  had  been  seven  years  in  the  new 
world,  had  done  a  good  deal  of  hard  work  and 
knocking  around,  and  had  saved  a  few  dollars. 
In  September  lie  worked  his  jiassage  from  Port 
land  up  the  river,  on  the  boat  which  brought  the 
lumber  to  build  Sjiring  \' alley  Presbyterian 
Church.  He  first  worked  for  Major  Walker, 
with  whom  he  remained  four  months.  He 
then  worked  nine  months  for  .Mr.  Jesse  D.  Wall- 
ing. He  then  purchased  half  of  the  Ii.  F.  Mo- 
Lench  donation  claim,  at  82. .'jd  an  acre,  from  1!. 
F.  McLench.  He  then  purchased  lliO  acres  of 
the  John  A.  Swift  donation  claim,  at  82. ."30  an 
acre.  Later  he  purchased  the  east  100  acres  of 
the  C.  C.  Walker  donation  claim,  atSlOanacre, 
on  which  he  now  resides.  He  purchased  other 
tracts  and  now  owns  900  acres  of  the  rich  land 
of  this  fine  county.  It  was  purchased  at  a  very 
low  figure,  but  has  become  greatly  enhanced  in 
value.  This  property  was  obtained  by  hard,  hon- 
est work,  and  its  owner  is  justly  entitled  to  his 
success,  The  fiirm  is  grain  and  stock  producing 
and  Mr.  Winsor  has  raist'd  as  many  a>  5,000  Imsh- 
els  of  grain  in  one  year  from  his  fields.  He  raises 
good  draft  horses  and  Cotswold  sheep.  I)uring 
his  thirty-thi'ee'years  residence  in  Oregon  he  has 
wcu'ked  hard,  lUiide  a  goo<l  record  and  is  richly 
deserving  of  his  success. 

He  was  married  April  10,  1872.  to  Miss  Mary 
Caroline  Allison,  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Winsor  have  five  children,  as  fol- 
lows: John  Allison,  was  run  over  anil  killed 
when  seventeen  years  and  six  months  old  ;  Km- 
iiia  C,  William  Thomas.  Fraiik  I'enjamin  and 
Sarah  Ann.  Mr.  Winsor  is  itulependent  in  poli- 
tics, although  he  inclines  toward  the  Democratic 
party.  Ho  has  been  Supervisor  of  Roads  in  his 
vicinity,  for  a  number  if  years,  and  interests 
himself  in  such  work.  Mrs.  Winsor  is  a  con- 
c-istent  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 


fW.  SHIVELY.  Superintcndentof  Schools 
ofClatsop  county,  was  born  in  St.  Louis, 
3  Missouri,  February  28,  183i),  a  son  of 
John  M.  and  Maitha  (Meade)  Shively.  The 
mother  was  a  relative  of  the  brave  (Jeneral 
Meailo,  and  her  death  icciirred  in  1811.  Tho 
fatiier  came  to  Oregon   in    1843,   where  he  was 


niSl'ORr    VP    OREGON. 


h;!9 


among  the  pioiieui-  settlers.  In  1847  ho  hroiight 
tlie  first  United  States  mail  to  the  coast,  was 
the  lirst  Collector  of  Cnstoins  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  was  the  originator  of  the  I'aeific  Mail 
Company  in  IS-ffJ.  and  was  active  in  the  bound- 
ary between  the  Tnited  States  and  British 
(;o!\nnbia.  He  located  in  Clatsop  county  in 
1H4-3,  and.  being  a  civil  engineer,  laid  out  the 
town  of  Astoria.  In  ISi'J  lie  began  mining  in 
(California,  but  later  removed  to  the  Fraser  river. 
Jle  still  resides  in  Astoria,  and  he  and  John 
Jlobson  are  the  only  two  men  now  in  the  city 
who  were  here  in  lb43. 

Charles  W.  Shively,  our  subject,  started  with 
iiis  father,  u  the  age  of  eight  years,  to  cross  the 
plains  froiTi  Missouri  io  Oregon,  and  at  twelve 
years  of  age  he  began  life  for  himself.  With 
5  cents  in  his  pocket  he  left  Astoria  for  Ore- 
gon City,  w.^'-king  his  ])assage  on  the  steamer, 
and  from  the  hitter  place  he  rode  horseback  and 
drove  cattle  to  Jacksonville,  where  his  father 
was  mining.  There  he  waited  on  tables  in  a 
restaurant  for  a  time,  and  next  followed  mining. 
While  there,  in  1852,  (iustave  Wilson,  now 
United  States  Consul  from  liussia,  worked  for 
him  in  the  mines  for  $5  a  day.  Two  years 
later  Mr.  Shively  attended  school  for  five  years; 
then  followed  surveying;  in  1858  was  employed 
as  whaifinger  for  Captain  Richard  Hoyt,  of 
J'orthmd,  also  as  purser  on  river  steamers;  iii 
18(50  began  the  study  of  dentistry  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, which  he  continued  two  years,  and  at  the 
same  time  was  special  correspondent  of  tiie 
Alta  Californian :  ami  in  18(i2  again  tried  mining, 
in  Idaho,  but  was  unsuccessful.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Astoria,  and  was  lirst  in  the  United 
States  Kngineer  I)e])artment  at  Fort  Canby, 
was  sut)seipiently  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Com- 
missary Dejiartment,  and  assistant  timekeeper; 
in  18(54  was  in  the  Kngineer  Department  at 
Alcatraz  island,  a  few  miles  north  of  San  Fran- 
cisco; tht^  following  year  was  suiiercargo  on  the 
bark  Industry,  which  was  wrecked  on  the  bar 
at  the  month  of  the  Columbia  river,  March  16. 
18(55,  and  seventeen  lives  were  lost.  In  18(56 
Mr.  Shively  was  nnide  purser  on  the  steamer 
lieacue;  in  1867  was  engaged  as  reporter  for 
the  city  papers  of  San  Francisco,  and  also  as 
assistant  pilot  on  the  Vallejo  and  captain  of  the 
steamer  Fresno,  between  Sacra.nento  and  lied 
Bluff;  in  1868  was  employed  by  Ben  IloUaday, 
as  purser,  freight  clerk  and  Wells- Fargo's 
messenger,  on  the  steamer  Active,  between 
Portland  and  Victoria,  British  Columbia;  next 


was  foreman  on  the  Stockton  A:  Copperopoli> 
railroad  for  one  year;  in  1871  was  bookkeeper 
for  the  Cosmopolitan  Hotel  at  Portland;  then 
removed  to  San  Francisco;  and  in  1876  came 
to  Astoria.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  con- 
nected with  various  enter])i'ises,  and  for  ten 
years  was  Clerk  of  the  School  Board,  and  also 
in  the  real-estate  business.  lie  was  elected  Su- 
|)erintendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  1889,  and 
is  now  serving  his  fourth  year.  He  is  the  only 
heir  to  his  father's  large  estate,  and  is  now  giving 
his  entire  attention  to  his  land  interests. 

Mr.  Shively  was  married  October  18,  1809, 
to  Miss  Annie  M.  Dielschn  ler,  a  native  of 
Prussia,  and  they  have  had  tlu  following  chil- 
dren: Katherine  May,  a  teacher,  of  Povtlaiul; 
Wilhelmina  E.,  who  graduated  in  music  in  San 
Francisco;  Martha  S.,  Annie  P.,  Kva,  Charlie 
and  David  P.  Thompson.  Socially  our  subject 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  the 
Knights  of  Pythias;  and  religiously,  is  an  ad- 
herent to  the  Baptist  (Jhurcli.  lie  is  one  of 
Astoria's  most  enterprising  and  public-spirited 
men,  and  a  citizen   universally  resjjccted. 


J^ENIIV  IlILU.  of  Independence,  Oregon, 
|mJ  is  a  pioneer  of  1847,  and  has  the  honor  of 
'^Pl  being  the  founder  of  the  city  of  Independ- 
ence, and  its  first  settler.  He  was  born  in  Jeff- 
erson county,  New  York,  in  the  town  of  Ellis- 
burg,  on  January  20, 1829.  His  father,  Laydiie 
Hill,  was  born  on  the  line  between  Connecticut 
and  Vermont,  on  April  4,  1804.  The  family 
was  of  tlnglisli  ancestry.  He  was  married  in 
1825,  to  Miss  Eliza  Taylor,  who  was  a  native 
of  Connecticut,  who  was  born  near  New  Haven 
May  4,  1807.  Grandfather  Jedediah  Hill  was 
a  soldier  of  the  liev<Jution,  and  also  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner, 
tjut  near  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  ])aroled 
and  returnee'  to  his  family.  Mr.  Hill,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  'ketch,  was  the  third  in  a  family  of 
eleven  cliilJren,  of  whom  only  three  are  now 
living.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  State  un- 
til 1830,  when  the  family  removed  to  Ashtabula 
county,  Ohio,  and  later  to  Kane  county,  Illinois, 
and  from  there  to  Cook  county,  where  he  resided 
until  1847,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  with 
oxen  to  Oregon.  He  started  April  4,  and  when 
they  left  St.  Joser.';  there  was  a  train  of  100 
wagons,    but    the   occupants   disagreed  among 


840 


nrsruRY  of  ouEnoN. 


^  'A 


Wi 


\\  ^ar-  {■ 


tliemselves  and  divided  into  small  companies. 
They  e.\])eriuiiced  iiiiicli  iiniioyance  and  dunj^ei' 
from  tlie  rfreiit  iicrds  of  hutfiilo,  wliicli  would 
scarcely  keeji  from  tiain|)liiiif  them  iiiidor  foot, 
and  they  frijihteiicd  the  oxen  and  it  was  very 
ditiicult  to  keep  them  from  hreaking  and  run- 
ninif  away,  and  that  occurred  several  times. 
Tlie  Indians  also  took  ])leasure  in  etampedini.r 
the  cattle  and  stock,  and  they  had  to  follow  them 
in  the  night.  The  Indians  tlid  their  fighting 
with  hows  and  arrows,  and  were  afraid  of  the 
i^nns  of  the  emigrants,  and  in  that  way  the  lat- 
ter were  al)l('  to  recapture  their  cattle. 

Mr.  Hill  arrived  at  his  destination,  wherein- 
depeixlenee  now  stands  on  tlm  14th  of  Novom- 
her,  18-17.  Old  Major  Thorp,  Mr.  Davy  Gotf, 
Colonel  Ford,  Mr.  Carey,  1).  Embree  and  a  few 
others  had  already  arrived  in  the  county.  Mr. 
Hill  decided  to  settle  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Willamette,  and  lie  began  at  the  river  and  ])aced 
off  his  claim  a  mile  S([uare.  lie  drove  stakes  at 
the  corn(M's  and  marked  trees,  and  in  that  way 
designated  his  claim.  The  following  spring  he 
heard  of  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Calitornia,  so 
h'"  walked  to  Portland  ami  then  took  a  canoe  to 
Acitoria,  where  he  got  aboard  the  schooner  Star- 
ling and  sailed  to  San  l'"rancisco.  He  then  took 
passage  on  Sutter's  launch,  and  went  up  the 
river  to  where  SacraTuento  now  is,  and  from 
there  lie  went  with  three  or  four  others  on  foot 
to  the  mines  and  dug  gold  at  Ilangtown.  as  it 
was  then  called.  He  worked  there  for  twenty 
months,  taking  out  a  great  deal  of  gold.  Thirty 
dollars  was  the  largest  piece  he  found,  and  four 
of  them  on  two  ditt'erent  days  took  out  .S4(in. 
He  left  for  Sim  Francisco  with  ^itSOO  in  gold 
and  this  he  invested  in  merchandise  and  bronifht 
the  goods  to  Indepemleiice.  He  formed  a  part- 
nership with  two  others,  they  having  the  e.\- 
jicrience  and  he  having  the  capital.  I^ater  they 
had  the  money  and  he  had  the  experience,  and 
after  a  sliort  time  he  sold  out.  but  did  not  get 
out  without  loss.  In  18.")1  he  decided  to  retuiTi 
to  Califiirnia  to  rej)lenish  hi.-,  .-tore  of  money. 
He  accordingly  went  to  Vreka.  The  Indians 
were  bad  at  this  time,  and  he  took  a  ranch  near 
Vreka  and  was  engaged  in  herding  liorses.  From 
there  he  went  to  .lacksonville.  Oregon,  but  was 
not  suited  with  the  jirospect,  and  then  returned 
home  and  engaged  in  farming  and  st(jck-raising 
in  which  he  has  since  cijntinned.  In  18(!7  he 
platted  aliout  forty  acres  of  his  land  and  gave  it 
the  name  of  Independence.  He  gave  Vanduyne 
and  McCully  lots  to  build  on,  and  also  lots  for 


a  livery  stable,  and  thus  the  town  was  started. 
He  aUo  gave  two  lots  each  to  the  Methodists 
and  Fresb^crians  for  edifices.  lie  was  liberal 
in  aiding  the  public  im|irovetnents.  and  was  in- 
terested in  all  they  would  build  up. 

The  nnirriage  of  .Mr.  Hill  took  place  July  1-1, 
1851.  to  Miss  M.artlia  Ann  Virgin.  She  was 
born  in  Kentucky  on  December  18,  18;j2.  and 
was  the  daughter  of  Reason  Virgin,  who  died 
in  Jlissouri.  She  came  to  Oregon  in  18-17.  but 
not  in  the  company  of  Mr.  Hill. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  llill  have  had  nine  children: 
the  eldest,  Roseltha,  was  born  September  14, 
18o2,  and  died  December  8,  18(il;  (JIarinda 
.Vrreli.-i,  born  December  11,  18r)5,  married  Mr. 
Samuel  Hurch  and  had  one  son  and  died  in 
1880;  Reason  I.aydue.  born  November  2t),  18r)8, 
resides  in  Independence;  Mary  Elizabeth  was 
born  in  1801.  and  died  November  18,  18G3; 
Lucy  Vidue  was  born  May  13,  I8t)0,  and  died 
in  1808;  Nelly  May  was  born  February  4, 
18()8;  Ilouier  Virgin  was  born  September  fi, 
1870;  Verd  was  born  in  1870  and(iarlin  in 
1881.  The  four  last  nanie(l  reside  at  home  with 
their  ])arents.  Mr.  Hill  during  the  war  was  a 
strong  Republican,  but  later  he  has  been  more 
of  an  independent  in  his  voting.  His  principal 
business  has  been  stock-lireeding,  and  raising' 
thoroughbred  horses.  He  and  his  wife  now 
own  about  1,000  acres  of  land  in  the  vicinity  of 
Independence,  the  most  of  it  being  improved. 
He  has  taken  a  dee[»  interest  in  ids  town,  and 
in  till'  location  of  bridges  and  the  building  of 
railroads.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hill  have  reaclu'd  the 
evening  time  of  life,  but  the  many  friends  and 
fellow-pioneers  hope  for  them  yet  many  years 
of  <iuiet  enjoyment. 

ElEll.I.IAM  DAWSON,  an  honored  pio- 
neer  of  184.*),  now  deceased,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Scotlanil.  born  |)eceml)er  21, 
1810.  His  parents  were  William  and  Barbara 
Dawson,  both  natives  of  Scotland,  and  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Dawson  was 
the  eldest  son  and  was  reared  and  educated  in 
his  native  land  \intil  his  twenty-tirst  year.  Ho 
then  emigrated  to  Missouri  and  purchased  a 
piece  of  land,  (jn  whi'-h  he  resided  from  1837 
to  1841.  He  crosocd  the  plains,  with  oxen  to 
Oregon  in  184"  Ho  was  of  the  company  that 
suffered  so  si    •  rely  from  starvation.     He  came 


iiisronr  uf  oiiryioy. 


S41 


directly  to  Vatii  Mill  comity  and  took  6  H)  iicrcR 
of  land,  four  miles  tioitli  of  McMiiinviile.  and 
lii'i'e  he  l)i'jj;an  anil  continued  the  life  ot'  a  jiio- 
nccr  nntil  1870,  when  he  ciinie  to  Monmouth, 
])iirchahed  propci'ty,  crci'tcd  a  nice  rt'sidcncf. 
where  he  remained  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
cnred  in  188!).  lie  waB  in  the  drnj,'  business  a 
II II  in  her  of  years  in  Monmouth,  and  was  a  man 
of  the  highest  integrity  of  character  and  a  busi- 
ness man  o!  fine  al)ility.  He  was  elected  by 
his  fellow-citizens  to  one  of  the  most  important 
ofHces  in  the  county,  that  of  County  Commis- 
sioner. He  was  a  J{ej)iiblican  in  jwlitics,  and 
during  the  great  civil  war  he  was  strong  against 
disunion,  and  never  lost  an  opj)ortunity  to  spet-k 
in  favor  of  the  (Tovernment. 

H(<  was  married  in  Nfissouri,  to  ^^is8  ^[ary 
K.  Sercy,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  Two  children. 
Barbara  and  Piio'be.  were  born  to  them  in  Mis- 
souri. In  18<)2  this  wife  died,  after  bearing 
litsn  Seven  daughters,  one  of  whom  died.  I'lnebe 
is  now  the  wife  of  Professor  .lohn  Hall,  and  re- 
sides in  Tacoma;  Anna  married  Mr.  Archibald 
Sailing  and  resi<les  at  A\'"ait8burg,  Washington; 
Kvcliiie  married  Mr.  William  Hiiriiett,  and  died 
in  her  twenty-Second  year;  ^^aggie  became  the 
wife  (if  Mr.  .lohn  JJewley  and  resides  at  Col- 
ville.  Washington;  Amanda  married  Mr.  Henry 
Shadileii;  he  died  and  she  was  again  married  to 
a  Mr.  ^^alone,  and  resides  in  Dayton,  Washing- 
ton; Ella  became  Mrs.  William  Small  and  re- 
sides at  Walla  Walla,  and  Lucretia  is  now  the 
wife  of  Mr.  Charle3  Ellis.  Mr.  Dawson  wan 
married  dannary  17,  1804,  to  Mrs.  Kash,  widow 
of  Levi  Rash,  and  the  daughter  of  Dickson  R. 
Uaker,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  She  had  married 
Mr.  Rash  in  the  East  and  with  him  and  their 
two  daughters  came  to  Oregon  in  1851.  The 
children  were  Elizabeth,  Elmira,  Martha, 
Amanda  Ellen,  Maretta  and  Thomas  L.;  the 
third  mai'ried  .1.  H.  Curby,  of  San  Fi-ancisco, 
and  died  in  1888;  the  foiii'th  is  the  wife  of  dohn 
liiiriiR,  of  Rutto,  Montana;  and  the  fifth  is  the 
wife  of. I.  M.  I'owell,  vice-president  of  the  nor- 
mal school  at  Jronmoutli,  while  the  last  men- 
tioned resides  in  Monmouth  with  his  wife  and 
three  children.  'I'lio  former  became  the  wife 
of  Mr.  C.  B.  dolinson,of  McMinnville,  and  the 
second  Mrs.  Charles  Handlcy,  who  resides  in 
San  Francisco.  One  son,  William  Dawson  was 
horn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dawson,  and  he  is  now  a 
lawyer  and  resides  in  Heppeiier.  A[r.  and  ^[rs. 
Dawson  were  members  of  the  Christian  Church, 
juid  whilo  in  McMinnville  were  pillars  of  that 


denomination.  He  anil  his  wife  were  charter 
members  of  the  church,  and  aided  greatly  in  the 
founding  of  the  organization.  'I'hey  were  aided 
ill  their  good  work  by  d  ud<,'e  Cowls,  who  was  a 
warm  friend  of  tlmirs.  .Mr.  Dawson  was  one  of 
the  trustees  of  the  Christian  College,  aiding  it 
hnaiicially,  as  well.  His  death  was  a  blow,  not 
only  to  his  family  but  to  the  entire  coniiniinity, 
as  he  was  highly  respected  and  cstoenicd  by  a 
largo  circle  of  friends  us  a  worthy,  good  citizen. 


lARTAIX  CHARLES  HANDLEV,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1850,  and  one  of  the 
most  respected  citizens  of  McMinnville, 
was  born  in  Warwickshire,  England,  October 
18,  1811.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
(Cottel)  Handley,  were  both  natives  of  Kngland, 
and  members  of  the  established  church.  (Jf 
their  fourteen  children  it  is  believed  there  are 
only  three  now  living. 

Captain  Handley  began  his  seafaring  life  at 
the  tender  age  of  eleven  years,  commencing  on 
the  man-of-war   Boadicea,  as  a  hand   to  carry 

f)owder  to  the  guns;  but  astounding  changes 
lave  been  made  in  the  armament  of  war-ships 
since  he  was  a  boy,  as  well  as  in  the  machinery 
and  methods  of  loading  and  tiring,  and  in  fact 
everything  in  the  navy  has  undergone  vast  and 
radical  changes.  lie  went  with  his  vessel  to 
Calcutta,  thence  to  Rangoon,  then  the  ca])ital 
city  of  Biirmah,  situated  on  the  left  bank  of 
Irrawaddy  river,  and  engaged  in  a  war  in  pro- 
gress there  for  the  subjugation  of  the  country. 
In  that  expedition  twenty-four  boys  like  him- 
self left  England,  and  all  but  four  died  of 
disease  or  accident,  and  he  himself  was  pre- 
served as  if  by  miracle.  At  one  time  he  fell 
backward  anddownward  twelve  feet,  striking  his 
head  on  an  iron  ring,  from  the  effects  of  which 
contusion  he  lay  unconscious  thirty-six  hours. 
In  this  war  the  English  were  successful  and 
as  a  trophy  they  took  the  great  bell  from  a 
pagoda,  weighing  nine  and  three-fourth  tons, 
and  endeavored  to  ship  it  to  England,  for  which 
purpose  a  shi])  having  the  largest-sized  hatch- 
way had  to  be  selected;  and  even  then  the  hatch- 
way had  to  be  enlarged.  Being  unable  to  take 
the  bell  to  the  vessel  in  !  oats  a  raft  had  to  be 
made  for  the  transportation  of  the  bell,  but  on 
the  way  it  went  to  the  bottom  of  the  river.  Then 
abandoning  the  idea  of  sending  it  to  England, 


843 


IirsTOllV    OF    (iREaON. 


l! 


(f|   ij 


tlioj'i  witli  the  help  of  tlie  iiihiihitaiits  wlio  re- 
^iinlt'il  tlie  ohjoct  with  venuration,  nmile  two 
large  boatu,  one  on  eaeli  side  of  the  spot  where 
the  hell  went  down,  fastened  eliains  to  the  bell 
IVoiii  tlieni  ami  liy  this  means,  hy  the  lieli)  of  a 
twelve  teet  rir-(!  ami  fall  of  tide,  sueeeedeil  in 
I'ai.-inf,'  the  hell  to  the  siirfactMind  taken  to  shore. 
It  was  cunijjosed  mostly  of  silver.  The  paifodu 
was  coated  all  over  with  gold,  and  was  a  i;or- 
<T('oiis  structnre,  the  grounds  eovering  seven 
acres.     The  inhahitiints  gladly  replaced  the  hell. 

After  three  and  a  half  years'  service  Ca|>fain 
liandley  returned  to  England  and  was  lionor- 
ahly  discharged.  He  spent  eight  months  with 
his  parents  and  again  went  to  Imlia,  this  time 
on  a  merchant  vessel,  the  Cambrian,  was  at 
IJomhay  six  months,  making  repairs  on  the  ship 
in  a  dry  dock,  and  while  he  was  there  an  ex- 
plosion occurred  in  fort  near  hy,  of  u  barrel  of 
powder,  killing  thirteen  persons.  The  hiiilding 
caught  lire,  and  the  sailors,  including  Mr.  Hand- 
ley,  hasteneil  to  the  rescne  and  extingnished  the 
lire,  and  rolled  out  barrels  of  powder  from  un- 
der the  hiiriiing  roof.  Until  their  task  was 
done  they  never  once  thought  of  the  risk  they 
had  been  running  in  regard  to  the  liability  of 
others  barrels  of  powder  exploding  there.  When 
this  fact  came  into  their  minds  their  nervous 
systems  were  terribly  agitated,  in  spite  of  their 
cool  judgment. 

Loading  with  cotton,  the  vessel  sailed  to 
China,  then  returned  to  Bombay,  where  our 
young  sailor  asked  to  be  released  from  the  ship, 
and  he  returned  on  another  vessel  to  England, 
after  an  absence  of  two  years. 

About  a  year  afterward  he  again  sailed  on  a 
merchant  ship  (the  Kxmoutli,  1,000  tons  net), 
bound  to  Australia  and  Calcutta,  East  India, 
arrived  in  due  time  at  Sydney,  Australia,  dis- 
charged cargo  and  sailed  thence  for  Calcutta; 
through  stress  of  weather  the  sliij)  was  put  into 
the  Derwent  river,  port  of  Holiart,  where  he 
met  two  of  his  brothers,  who  had  gone  to  Tas- 
mania Isle,  during  his  voyage  in  the  Cumbrian. 
They  |)er8uadeil  him  to  return  to  Ilobart 
T<iwn,  which  he  promised  to  do  when  his  jires- 
ont  engagement  was  completed.  Arrived  at 
Calcutta  they  took  on  board  a  very  valuable 
cargo  of  India's  productions,  the  owners  of 
which  paid  six  guineas  sterling  per  ton  for 
freight  alone.  Arrived  in  England  he  was  paid 
off  and  after  a  few  months  took  passage  on  the 
Urig  Mary  for  Tasmania,  spent  a  short  time 
with  Ills  brothers  then  shipped  as  second  mate 


of  the  bar(|ue  Merope  for  Mauritius  island,  there 
loaded  with  sugar  and  returned  to  Ilobart  Tow?i, 
where  after  a  strict  examination  as  to  seaman- 
ship and  navigation  he  was  appointed  first  mate 
of  the  Isabella,  a  ship  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment Marine  Department  of  Tasnraiiia.  Three 
years  afterward  the  captain  of  that  vessid  was 
promoted,  and  Alate  liandley  was  appointed 
captain.  He  \t'as  in  the  marine  service  on  the 
coast  of  Australia  thirteen  and  a  half  years,  dur- 
ing the  last  thiee  of  which  he  wr*  captain  of 
the  steamer  Kf  ngaroo,  wdiich  was  in  the  service 
of  the  Goverii'ir  of  Tasmania  and  was  an  able 
and  seaworthy  vessel. 

In  183'J  tie  Captain  was  married  to  Miss 
Sarah  Burteii,  a  native  of  the  west  of  iMigland, 
and  the  daughter  of  Cajitain  .lames  Burten, 
Five  of  {'aptain  Ilandley's  children  were  born 
while  he  was  a  resident  of  Ilobart  Town,  Tas- 
mania, namely:  Thomas  B.,  Charles  .(.,  Amy 
J.,  8arah  II.,  and  Ivate  B.,  and  with  this  family, 
in  1850,  he  came  to  Oregon,  wluM'e  his  wife's 
parents  were  living.  They  landeil  at  the  little 
new  town  of  Portland,  which  then  consi>ted 
only  of  a  few  log  cabins. 

Ill  the  spring  of  1851  the  Captain  went  with 
a  party  overland  on  horseback  to  'Ireka,  and 
was  employed  in  the  g9ld  mines  until  Septem- 
ber, when  he  returned  with  >oine  of  the  shining 
metal;  he  had  made  an  average  of  ^<8  a  day,  clear 
of  all  expense.  On  going  to  California  he  left 
his  family  at  jNorth  Yam  Hill,  hut  on  his  n^turn 
they  were  residing  at  l.a  Eayette.  He  brought 
back  with  him  from  the  mines  two  mules, 
which  he  exchanged  for  t!ie  improvements 
made  on  a  donation  claim  near  Dnnaee,  in  Vain 
Hill  county;  this  farm  is  now  known  as  the 
Cliehalem  Orchard  Home.  Moving  into  the 
little  log  house  there,  he  began  farming  and 
raising  live-Btock.  At  first  the  work  came  hard, 
but  he  inured  himself  to  it,  and  finally,  after 
much  patience  and  perseverance,  he  grandly 
succeeded  in  getting  over  this  great  ri])ple  in 
life.  The  shee|i  husbandry  proved  to  be  the  most 
profitable.  He  also  was  employed  by  a  survey- 
ing party,  at  first  carrying  the  chain,  at  $3  a 
day,  and  finally  taking  considerable  responsi- 
bility in  the  work.  He  aided  in  the  survey  of 
nearly  all  of  Vam  Hill  county.  He  became  an 
expert  surveyor,  and  pursued  the  art  afterward 
on  his  own  account,  altoqother  for  over  twenty 
years. 

In  1852  he  was  elected  Assessor  for  the 
county,  and  was  elected  for  a  second  term.  Next 


lllsTiiHY    Oh'    (iliECny. 


8111 


lie  was  t'lecfed  Coiiruv  Siirvi^vor,  in  wliicli  otHco 
lio  sj^rvi'd  ten  ycaiv.     Says  lie: 

•■  The  way  1  ciiiiio  to  lie  iioininated  wa.N  this; 
The  iieo|)lc  were  calKvi  tiij^utlier.  and  Uev.  K.  li. 
(ieary  asked  nie  to  Rtand  up,  and  said,  >1  nomi- 
nate the  Captain  for  (bounty  AsHesHor.'  Then 
tiie  Whiffs  ,-tood  np  a  niiin  in  tiiesanie  way,  and 
o|ipo.-ite  me,  and  all  who  favored  the  nomina- 
tion of  each  was  asked  to  pass  overt  ot  he  respect- 
ive sides,  behind  thecandidates.  The  adherents 
of  each  were  counted,  when  the  majority  were 
found  to  !)(«  in  favor  of  me,  and  I  was  declared 
nominated." 

The  Captain  rented  his  farm  and  came  to 
McMinnvillc,  in  1872,  for  the  purjioso  of  edu- 
catiufT  his  three  Oref^oii-liorn  children,  the 
other  five  having  graduated  »nd  set  up  for 
themselves.  lie  purchased  three  and  a  half 
acres  of  land  in  McMinnville,  and  erected  three 
houses,  in  one  of  which,  a  pleasant  home,  he 
resides.  Since  he  has  been  a  resident  liere  he 
has  done  coiiBiderable  private  surveying  in  the 
city  and  county,  which  he  continued  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  seventy  years,  lie  then  re- 
tired from  active  service,  and  since  then  has 
been  severely  afflicted  with  rheumatism,  which 
it  is  believed  was  induced  by  e.xposuro  in  the 
water  while  engaged  in  surveying,  as  he  was  a 
hard  worker  and  often  had  occasion  to  wade  in 
cold  water;  he  says  he  is  now  suffering  the 
penalty. 

His  children  born  here  in  Oregon,  are  John, 
Liz/.ie  and  .Mice. 

In  1890  Captain  Ilandley  sold  hi?  old  farm 
and  now  lives  upon  the  income  o!  Ii's  .'ivest- 
inents, 

Mrs.  Ilandleydied  in  1884:,  after  having  iieen 
a  faithful  helper  and  sympathizer  with  her  hus- 
band for  forty-tivo  years;  she  was  an  excellent 
Christian  woman.  The  children  are  situated  as 
follows;  T.  I),  is  a  lawyer  in  Tillamook;  C.  J. 
is  employed  in  the  County  -Vppraiscr's  office  in 
San  Francisco;  .Vmy  .Lis  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Mrown,  a  pioiu-er  of  18i9  and  a  farmer  of  Yam 
Hill  county;  Sarah  is  now  Mrs.  J.  S.  Robinson, 
aufl  resides  at  Dundee;  Kate  is  the  wife  of  .1. 
W.  S|)eucer,  a  pioneer  of  1851,  having  a  posi- 
tion in  the  Custom  House  at  Washington;  John 
is  a  Yam  Hill  county  farmer;  Lizzie  is  un- 
married, and  is  her  father's  housekeeper;  and 
Alice  is  the  wife  of  Frank  Williams,  who  is  a 
business  man  of  Washington. 

Captain  llandley  connected  himself  with  the 
Methodist  Church    in    1839,   and    nearly   ever 


since  then  he  has  birn  serving  the  cliiirch  in 
some  official  capacity,  as  Class-leader,  ilible -class 
teacher,  etc.,  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  Truslees 
of  the  church  in  his  place.  I'lpjitically  he  was 
berore  the  war  a  1  )eni(«'rMt,  but  dui'iiig  that 
struggle  he  was  a  strcjug  Inion  man.  (Hi-  .-mi 
Charles  served  in  tlic  war  in  Coiii|jaii\  I!.  (  he- 
gon  Volunteer  Infantry),  and  ('\('r  since  then  he 
has  been  aconsistent  ilepnlilicaii.  Ilehasniad(> 
a  worthy  and  honorable  record,  and  now,  in  hi- 
ohi  age,  enjoys  tlu^  lo\e  and  esteem  of  nil  who 
have  the  l.ionor  of  hi- aiMjiiaiiitaiice.  .Vshcsay-: 
"  He  is  now  waiting  for  the  call  of  the  (ireat 
Captain  of  .'Salvation,  to  eoine  uii  aloft  to  be 
with  Him  through  all  Kternitv."' 

§()N.  lilCHAliD  WILLIAMS,  another  of 
Oregon's  esteemed  sons  and  able  lasvyeitf, 
is  a  native  of  Findlay,  Ohio,  wherct  he  was 
born  on  November  lo,  18i3t).  His  father,  Eli- 
jah Williams,  was  a  nati\  i;  of  I'dinsylvania,  from 
which  State  he  I'emoved  to  Findlay,  Ohio,  in 
1832,  where  he  was  a  successful  lawyer  for  many 
years.  In  1851  he  removed,  with  hisfamilv,  to 
Oregon.  He  died  at  Portland  in  1SS7.  "llis 
son,  Ilichard  William,  the  subject  of  our  sketch, 
was  educated  at  the  Willamette  University,  and 
studied  law  with  Judge  Thayer  at  Co'-valHs, 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  at  .Salem  in  18.")7. 
He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  that 
city  in  18t)"J,  where  he  continnetl  until  1871, 
when  he  came  to  Portland.  Here  he  continued 
his  practice,  and  was  for  eleven  years  a  partner 
of  e.K-(Tovernor  Thayer.  He  then  organized  the 
firm  of  R.  and  K.  H.  Williams,  and,  later,  Mr. 
C.  II.  Cary  was  admitted  to  the  firm.  They 
enjoy  a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  and  are 
widely  and  favorably  known. 

In  1802  he  was  married  to  Miss  Clara  J. 
Congle,  daughter  of  Mr.  John  13.  Congle,  who 
came  to  Oregon  in  185:2.  They  have  two  child- 
ren, a  son  and  two  daughters,  viz.;  Hditli,  wife 
of  Mr.  O.  B.  Stubs,  of  Portland;  and  Maliel, 
who  res^ides  with  her  parents.  ..Mrs.  Williams 
is  still  living,  and  they  have  a  pleasant  and 
happy  home. 

In  politics  Mr.  Williams  has  always  been  a 
consistent  Republican,  and  as  such  was  elected 
by  bis  jiarty  to  the  Forty- Fifth  ("ongrcss.  from 
the  district  of  Oregon,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  a  term  of  two  years,  being  a  member  of 


MM 

1 

-fi  ^m 

H' 

>  I  i 


ut 


irrsTony  <>h'  DitKuny. 


many  iiii|i<irtiiiit  ('iiiiiiiiitloCK,  iiiid  (lii^cliiir^iii^ 
lii^  iliiiiuii  witli  iiliility  and  liiinor.  Ileirtiiii  u\- 
|)i'i'it'iici'(l,  wi'll-i't'ail  lawyer,  fjiftud  with  good 
jiidjiiin'iit  iiiiil  acciii'uto  I'easoiiiriif  jiowcre,  ^ivos 
I'ioM'  altfiitiiin  to  Ills  casL'H,  and  i»  iiosspssod  of 
tliu  lliglll■^l  iiitrirrity  ol  r.liaracti'r. 

SENUV  WKIN'llAI!l).ai.ul)lic-H|.iritudand 
cntt'i'iirisiiig  citizen  of  I'ortlaiid,  Oregon,  is 
a  native  oi'   Weidciilierg,   (icrinany,  wiiere 
lie   was   Imrn    in   IH'M.  coininj^   to  tliu    Cnited 

.States  in  ISHS.  He  learned  tlie  l)r('winf»  liiihi- 
ness  in  (ierniuny,  and  aftei'  coming  t(j  this 
eonntry,  worked  at  it  in  tJineinnati,  Ohio,  from 
IS.")'^  to  lS5(i.  At  tliiii  time  lie  emiiarked,  via 
the  Isthmns  to  N'ancoiiver,  Washington,  work- 
ing at  his  ipusine8s  in  that  place  for  six  months, 
iiftei'  which  he  came  to  I'ortland,  where,  in  jiart- 
iiership  with  (-eorge  liuttliT.  he  lie^jaii  the  City 
iJreuei'y  on  ('  and  l-'ront  streets.  It  was  Bmall 
in  the  heginning,  as  the  business  did  not  de- 
mand a  larirer.  After  workiiiirat  the  enterprise 
for  a  while,  Mr.  Weiidiard  sold  out  his  interest, 
returning  to  Vancouver,  where  he  remained  for 
live  years,  returning  in  lSt^)3  to  I'ortland,  where 
h:'  bought  out  Mr.  liottler,  removing  the  follow 
ing  year  to  his  present  locality,  renting  the  land 
for  three  years  and  jiurcha>ing  two  blocks,  on 
which  he  built  a  neat  frame  building,  which  an- 
swered the  demands  of  his  business  for  only  a 
short  time,  when  other  measures  were  adopted 
to  secure  the  necessary  facilities  for  his  con- 
stantly increasing  business.  At  last  he  built 
thu  .'nimense  pile  of  brick,  which  covers  the  en- 
tire blocK.  This  vast  structure  is  provided  with 
all  the  appliances,  which  experience  has  taught 
Mr.  Weinliard  is  necessiary  for  the  production  of 
Wcinhard's  celebrated  beer.  He  attributes  nis 
success  to  the  mannfacture  of  an  article  of  in- 
trinsic value,  and  a  constant  aillierence  to  honor- 
able practices,  which  two  secrets  of  worth  have 
crowned  his  efforts  with  success  and  gained  for 
him  the  largest  brewing  busiiuws  in  the  Xorth- 

'west.  .Mr.  Weinliard  has  also  found  time  in 
the  conducting  of  his  \ast  enterprise,  to  specu- 
late in  other  directions.  He  has  constructed 
various  buildings,  among  which  may  be  meii- 
tionecl,  as  of  greatest  tnoment,  the  Grand  Central 
Hotel,  which  is  located  on  Third  street,  be- 
tween K  and  I'  streets.  Iiuing  'J.'ixlOi)  feet,  live 
stories   iu    height    and  a    basement,    carefully 


planned,  |)rovided  with  all  modern  conveniences 
and  improvements,  and  ehgantly  furniMhcd, 
steam  iieated.  electric  lighted,  and  with  an  ele- 
vator of  the  most  approved  style.  'I'lie  groniid 
for  this  magniticent  structure  was  broken  in  the 
fall  of  18'.t((.  and  it  >tood  complete  in  all  its  ar- 
chitectural beauty  on  ,Ianuary  1.  Wil.  It  is 
not  only  a  valuable  improvement  to  the  city, 
hut  is  a  fitting  monument  of  Mr.  Wcinhard'a 
enterprise.  .\s  serving  to  show  the  enhance- 
ment of  the  values  in  real  estate  in  I'ortland, 
may  ln^  mentioned  the  fact   that,  in    INOI,   .Mr. 


.•ks 


his 


ISo'.l,  to   Miss 

'iermany,  and 

C,  the  elder, 

while  the  younger, 


Weinharil     bought  the   two 
brewery  stands  for  1?23,(M)0. 

Mr.  Weinliard  was  inarri' 
Louise    Wagenblast.  a  nati 
they  have  two  daughters, 
is  the  wife  of   I'.  Wessinger; 
Louise    11.,  is  still  at  home. 

Mr.  Weinliard  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity.      In  politics  he  is  indeptMideiit. 

Prosperity  has  been  too  small  a  mattttr  to 
change  or  interfere  with  the  natural  worth  of 
Mr.  Weinhard's  character.  It  has  only  >erved 
as  verdure  of  brighter,  warmer  days,  which 
adorns  the  rugged  strength  of  the  somber  oak 
of  winter  months.  Kind-heartjd,  considerate, 
and  cordial,  he  is  as  approachable  as  when  thirty- 
tive  years  ago  he  first  came  to  Portland. 

fAMKS  Dl'VALHOLMAX,  deceased,  one  of 
Oregon's  most  worthy  and  highly  respected 
pioneers,  was  a  native  of  Woodford  county, 
Kentucky. born  .Viigust  18.181  La  son  of  riohn  and 
Hetsy  L.  (Duval)  Ilolmai).  anil  of  Virginian  ami 
North  Carolinian  ancestors.  They  were  early 
settlers  of  the  colonies.  On  the  mother's  side 
the  Duvals  are  a  well-known  family  in  the 
South;  they  were  of  Huguenot  descent.  Mr. 
llolman's  parents  were  married  in  1810,  and  in 
181T  they  moved  to  Tennessee,  where  they  re- 
sided nine  years.  Then  they  removed  to  (Jlay 
county,  Missouri.  Hit  mother  died  in  1841, 
and  his  father  came  to  Oregon  in  the  immigra- 
tion of  18-lH. 

Mr.  Holmaii,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  in 
184:0.  married  Misc  Rachel  Ili.xsou  Suinmers, 
of  Fleming  county.  Kentucky,  born  February 
27,  1823,  of  a  well-known  family  of  that  State, 
and  closely  related  to  the  Ilixson,  Mason  and 
Morris  families,  of  Kentucky,     in  1810  sheac- 


insmny  nt   on/snnx. 


HH 


(■<iin|ianiiM|  lu>r  fiitlmr,  Tlioiniw   Siiiiiinei'H,  on  a 
tri|(  to    woatcrii  MisBoui'i,    wlicro    pIic   met  Mr. 

ildllllllll. 

SoiMi  iit'ttM-  Ill-riving  at  inaiiiidncl  Mr.  HiiIiiihii 
iMif^aj^ed  in  inurcantilu  liUKiiu'ssin  MiBSdiiri,  and 
for  rtjaHDiiii  oxer  wliic'li  Ik;  in  part  had  no  con- 
trol, and  on  account  of  this  l)ankrn|itcy  of  many 
of  liis  del)torH,  lie  failed  in  liiibint'HB,  in  18-45. 
but  refused  tiia\ail  hiinmdf  of  the  l)aiiki'n|itcv 
or  insolvoncy  lawn,  and  after  liecaincto  Oregon, 
and  as  soon  as  he  uiih  aide,  lie  voluntarily  paid 
Ills  dobts,  with  lu'ci      i\  interest. 

In  18Ui,  with  ii  wife  and  two  children,  he 
came  to  ( )re^on,  o\  erlaiid,  leaviiif;  Indeiiendcnce. 
Missouri,  in  the  sprinnr,  and  arrivinj^  at  Orej^oii 
City,  October  5.  iSlt!.  The  perils  and  daiif^ers 
of  that  tedious  journey  of  over  2,0(11)  miles,  at 
that  time  were  peculiarly  fjreat,  placing;  the 
pioneers  of  that  tiir.e  in  the  front  rank  of  hero- 
ism. Sooti  after  arrival  here  they  settled  on  a 
piece  of  land  in  Clackamas  county.  nearOreijon 
City,  where  they  lived  until  184S.  Then  the 
news  of  the  discoverv  of  gold  in  California 
reached  Oregon,  and  Mr.  llolman  took  his  fam- 
ily to  (Jregon.(;ity,  and,  with  others,  or;^aniztvJ 
a  party  to  go  overland  to  Calif(jrnia,  and  engage 
in  minini^.  They  were  the  first  overland  Argo- 
nauts to  reach  that  region  after  the  gold  discov- 
ery. Mr.  lloliiian  mined  on  the  American  and 
Feather  rivers,  and  was  successful,  clearini,'  sev- 
eral thousand  dollars.  While  there  he  became  ac- 
(juainted  with  General  Sutter,  who  tried  to  have 
him  take  charge  of  his  property,  but  Mr.  llol- 
man declined,  and  recommended  for  the  posi- 
tion Ilia  old-time  friend,  I'eter  II.  Burnett, 
who  afterward  became  (Joxernor  of  California. 
The  latter  acce|)ted  the  trust,  and  thus  laid  the 
foundation  of  his  largo  fortune. 

In  184'.t  Mr.  llolnian  returned  to  ( >regon,  by 
way  of  San  Francisco,  where  he  purchased  a 
largo  stock  of  merchandise,  and  after  arrival 
hero  opened  a  store  in  <  >regon  City,  which  he 
conducted  with  energy  and  intelligence,  meeting 
with  great  success,  and  he  at  once  became  a 
])rominent  factor  in  all  the  enterprises  calculated 
to  advance  the  interests  of  the  town,  among 
whicli  was  the  building  of  the  dam  across  the 
Willamette,  to  increase  the  depth  of  water,  and 
facilitate  the  navigation  of  that  river.  In  18-19 
lie  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Oregon,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  Cominittee-on  Engrossed  Bills  ar.d  also  on 
tlie  Committee  of  AVays  and  Means. 

In  1850,  having  acquired  considerable  money 

68 


from  his  enterprises,  he  purchased  from  Dr. 
Klijali  White  a  large  inten<st  in  tlii'  town  sitt;, 
a  sawmill  and  other  improvements,  at  I'acitic 
( 'ity,  on  1  laker's  bay,  at  the  month  of  the  Culum- 
bia.  To  that  place  he  moved  with  his  I'ainily 
that  year,  jirocurin;;  a  donation  claim  adjoining 
the  town,  by  )iurchasiiig  the  po.iisessory  right  (d" 
the  first  occupant.  For  a  time  I'acitic  City  gave 
promise  of  becoming  tint  principal  city  of  the 
the  Xorthwcst.  A  number  of  buildings  were 
erected  and  a  large  amount  of  capital  invesled, 
but  by  the  jealousy  of  rival  towns,  the  pro]ierty 
wan  taken  by  the  lJnite<i  States  ( tovernment  as  a 
military  reservation.  After  expensive  improve- 
ments had  been  made  by  Mr.  llolman  and  others, 
the  place  wentdownand  tinally  ceased  altogether 
toe.xist.  Mr.  llolman  had  invested  all  his  eajiital 
there.  Among  oth(>i'  things  he  bought  and 
shipped  from  Sew  York  the  entire  amount  of 
imiterial,  already  jircpare<l,  necessary  to  build 
and  furnish  a  large  hotel,  and  which  alone  made 
a  cargo  for  a  ship,  the  cost  of  which  was 
828,000.  He  had  the  hotel  erected  at  I'acilic 
City,  and  this,  with  other  improvements,  was 
taken  by  the  Government  in  1852,  and  it  was 
not  until  ls7!)  that  the  (iovernment  paid  for 
the  hotel  building,  but  for  his  loss  in  the  town 
site  and  other  improvements,  Mr.  llolman  was 
never  indemnified. 

lie  then  resiiled  on  his  donation  claim  until 
he  perfected  his  title  to  the  same,  and  it  now 
belongs  to  his  widow.  On  this  land  is  situated 
the  present  town  of  Ilwaco.  In  1857  -Mr.  llol- 
man and  his  family  moved  to  I'ortland,  where 
ho  resided,  ent;a<red  in  business  until  the  time 
of  his  (loritii,  ill  18s2.  In  1859  lie  was  elected 
one  of  the  three  directors  of  the  I'ortland  ])ub- 
lic  schools,  and  was  annually  elected  for  four 
successive  terms,  and  wdiile  acting  in  this  capac- 
ity he  was  a  strong  advocate  of  the  liigh'school 
system  of  education,  and  although  he  met  with 
strong  opposition  at  first,  he  bad  the  satisfaction 
of  seeing  his  ideas  carried  out  before  his  death, 
and  the  I'ortland  ])iiblio  schools  brought  to  their 
jiresent  high  standard.  In  1872  he  started  the 
town  of  Ilwaco  on  his  donation  on  Baker's  bay, 
and  that  'dace,  with  its  suburbs,  coiii]>rise  the 
iirincipal  watering  place  of  the  Noi'thwest. 

In  his  yoiuli  Mr.  llolman  joined  the  Bajitist 
Church,  but.  later,  as  he  abandoned  the  doc- 
trine of  "close  communion,"  lie  became  a 
I'resbyterian,  and  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
the  first  Presbyterian  Church  at  Portland,  in 
1860.     He  was  one  of  the  Elders  of  that  church 


84ii 


HISTORY    OV    OHEdOS: 


I.  ■ 


K'. 


from  an  early  jioriod  of  its  (jr^janization   to  the 
tiinc  of  his  dfatii,  wIumi    lie    was   Senior  Elder. 
In  ls81  he  erected  at  lluaco,  on  a  si^litiy  knoll   | 
near  his   own    cottaire,  a    tasteful    eliaiiel,  and 
evinced    liia    religious   liiierality  liy    making  it  j 
open  for  the  use  of  all  orthodox  dcnqmimitioDs    j 
alike.     In  1850  he  joined  the  Masonic,  order  at  | 
<  )rei'oii  City,   in   the  first    lod}j;e   of  that  order   \ 
fonnded  in  '. )rcf^on,  and   he  remained  an  aftiliat- 
i.'ir  member   of  the  order  to  the  time  of    his 
death.     In  his  |Folitieal  views    he  was  a  zealous 
Ocinocrat. 

Tiie  exposure  and  liardshijis  of  his  j>ioiieer 
life  had  told  on  his  iiatnrally  stroiif^  constitution, 
and  repeated  attacks  of  inHamniatory  rheuma- 
tism 1)1  )iif^ht  on  IJright's  disease,  which  was  the 
immediate  cause  of  his  death. 

Of  his  children,  he  left  two  sons,  Frederick 
A',  and  (ieorge  I'".,  hoth  members  of  the  Ore- 
gon bar;  and  two  daughters,  Frances  A.  and 
Kate  S.,  who  still  live  with  their  mother  in 
Porland. 

Of  luK  wife  it  can  be  truthfully  said,  that  in 
coming  to  Oregon  she  willingly  sacrificed  every- 
thingexcept  her  love  for  her  h"sband  andchil 
dren.  She  was  in  all  I'espects  truly  his  help- 
mate, liy  her  buoyant  disposition  she  aide<l 
him  in  making  linancial  losses  an  incentive  to 
new  effort,  and  reverses  were  robbed  of  their 
bitterness  by  her  sympathy  and  encouragement. 
There  never  was  a  braver,  nobler  or  better 
woman,  nor  a  truer,  moi'e  devoted  or  more  lielp- 
i'ul  wife. 

iN[r.  Ilolman  was  in  every  domestic  relation  a 
true  and  tender  man,  a  pioiu'er  of  the  highest 
type,  lie  was  in  every  way  an  honest  and  hon- 
orable, an  exemplary  man  and  a  model  citizen, 
of  deep  religious  convictions,  and  most  devoted 
to  his  family  and  friends. 

kKKIiEN  STKKIM.FS.  who  ranks  with  the 
Oregon  pioneers  of  1852,  was  born  in  Nich- 
olas counly,  Kentucky.  Atigust  8,  1828. 
Jlis  father,  Henjauiin  Steeples,  was  a  native  of 
New  .lersey,  and  a  descendant  of  some  of  the 
earliest  settlers  of  that  State,  while  his  mother, 
nee  Miclia  I'erren,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
her  people  being  early  settlers  of  Kentucky,  her 
father  of  Knglish  and  her  mother  of  Scotch  an 
ci.'stry.  In  18;!."),  they  moved  to  Indiana  and  set- 
tled near  Indianajiolis,  then  a  small  village,  and 


in  1842,  they  removed  to  Clark  county,  Illinois, 
where  they  resided  until  the  father's  death, 
which  occurreii  in  IStM.  The  mother  only  sur- 
\i\ed  him  a  short  time.  The\  had  a  family  of 
twehe  children,  of  whom  onlv  rive  are  living, 
I'erren  being  the  tifth-iiorn. 

On   the  2()tli  of   .March,  1852,  when    in  his 
twenty-foe rth  vear,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
married    to   Miss  Marry  Eleanor  Latlerty,  a  na- 
Mv  c  of.Missoi;ri,  -md  on  the  "itii  of  .Vjjril  follow- 
ing  they   started   together  on  the  long  jdiiniey 
with  oxen  across  the  plains.      He  had  nothing 
except   his    outfit,    but  with   bra\e,  stout  hearts 
they   set    ont  on  the  long  and    hazardous  trip. 
During  the  last  of  the  journey  he  was  sick  and 
the  outlook  was  discouraging.     They  arriicd  at 
their  destination  on  the  5th  of  October,  being 
just  six    months  en    route,  and  remained  three 
months  on  the  Martin  farm,  during  whi(di  time 
Mr.  Steeples  regained  his  health.    '•';' then  came 
to    where    llillsborongh   now  is  and  worked  at 
splitting  rails.    In  June,  1853,  he  went  to  Yam 
Ilill    county,  where  he  remained  two  yea'-s,  en- 
gaged   in   making    rail>    in   the  mountains  and 
hauling  them    out   to  the   fai'ins.      He  received 
.'?50  ])er  thousand  for  them  ami  hauled  from  100 
to  125  on  a  load.  It  was  hard  work,  but  he  made 
some  money  and  in  that  way  got  a  little  start.  ( )c- 
tober  1,  1855,  here  turned  to  Washington  county 
and  purchased  seven  acres  of  land,  for  which  he 
gave  !*35.      Later,   he  pnrchaseil  sixty  acres  for 
$150.     All   of  it  is  now  worth  more  than  !?U)0 
an  acre.      In  1858  he  purchased  a  farm  of  ItlO 
acres  ori  the  lake,  was  there  three  years,  ami  then 
returned  to  bis  land  near  Hillsborough.  In  180(5, 
li(>    came     to  his    present   farrTi,  190  acres,  two 
miles  southeast    of    Hillsborough,    and    here  ho 
has  resided  for  the  last  twenty-six  years. 

He  and  his  wife  had  afaniilv  of  nine  children, 
live  sons  and  four  daughters.  Ilemy  R.,  died  in 
his  tliii'tieth  year,  in  1888.  The  others  ai'c  liv- 
ing and  are  as  follows;  Elizabeth  Jane,  wife  of 
(teorge  Hav.kins,  Portland;  Ilattie,  wife  of 
William  Bradford,  I )cf)iity  Sheriff  of  Washing- 
ton county;  l,illian  .rune,  wife  of  Wiliam  Hums, 
resid'js  in  California;  Mary  Helen,  at  present 
with  her  sister  in  Portland.  The  sons  arc  Mat- 
thias, engaged  iii  farming  near  Hillrborongh ; 
I)ai\ic!  P.,  also  residing  near  Hillsborough; 
.Mexander,  in  Denver;  and  Charles  Sumner,  in 
Washington.  Mrs.  Steei)les  died  October  3, 
1881).  She  was  a  most  faithful  hel|)mate  and 
loving  an<l  indulgent  mother,  and  her  death  was 
a  source  of  great  bereavement  to  her  family  and 


IIISTUHY    OF    (illKUON. 


S47 


many  tVienils.  She  was  a  iiieinlicr  of  tlie  Chris- 
tian Churcli  i'roiii  her  t'oiirtcentii  year,  aiui  N[r. 
Steeples  lias  liehjiigoii  to  the.  same  churcii  since 
185(3.  lie  lias  l)een  a  Kepulilican  sinci' the  or- 
f^anizatioii  of  the  party  and  has  taken  a  deep  in- 
tei'est  in  all  tlicaflairs  of  the  State  in  whi'*!:  he  has 
so  lonif  resided.  lie  now  make:-  his  '  o'ne  with 
his  (laii;j;lu('r,  Mrs.  11.  Bradford,  in  I!'  b  ";;->'.;^li, 
Oreiijon.  livini,f  on  the  interest  of  nioii"i'  ivh.ii;'i 
his  honest  industry  has  secnred. 


|<«-»te^f-». 


1-^5*- 


LVTIIAN  CONNER,  a  respected  Oregon  j)i- 
oneer  of  1847.  now  deceased,  was  born  in 
Virginia,  July  16,  1821.  lie  was  of  Irisii 
ancestry,  four  jj;enerations  of  the  family  having 
been  Ijorn  in  America.  His  parents  were  liob- 
ert.  and  Nancy  (Ma.xonH'onner,  both  natives  of 
Virjjinia.  They  removed  to  Ohio,  when  he  was 
a  year  old,  and  there  he  was  reared  an<l  educateil. 
He  was  the  sixtii  in  a  family  of  ten  children. 
In  1830  they  lemoved  to  Washington  county. 
Iowa.  January  7.  18-H,  he  married  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth ISufll.  daughter  of  Elias  liucll.  The 
Huells  trace  their  ancestry  back  to  English  oin- 
igrants  who  landed  in  Ainerica,  from  the  first 
vessel  which  came  over  after  the  Mayflower, 
(ireat-ajvand father  Buell  was  a  captain  in  the 
lievolntionary  war.  and  his  son.  Samuel  Buell, 
also  served  in  the  Revolution. 

In  1847  Mr.  airl  Mrs.  Conner  and  their  two 
children,  her  fatlun  :.nd  mother,  brother  and  six- 
sisters,  and  an  \'i  ,1c  and  bis  family,  all  crossed 
the  plains  toget'  er.  I'hey  made  the  journey  in 
safety,  and  s|)ent  the  following  winter  at  \'^an- 
couvcr.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conner  settled  u\\  their 
donation  claim,  of  (ilO  acres,  in  May,  1848.  They 
built  a  little  lotj  house,  anil  be<;an  life  here  in  a 
rude  way.  havinij  but  little  furniture  in  their 
cabin.  By  his  honest  and  persistent  efforts  Mr. 
Conner  succeeded  in  deari'ig  his  laud  anif  de- 
\  eloping  it  into  one  of  the  fitiest  farms  in  I'olk 
county.  He  was  a  Republican  in  ])olitics.  and 
both  he  and  h''»  wife  were  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist church.  Of  their  children,  we  make  the 
following  record:  Sarah  Ann,  the  oldest  (lau};!!- 
tcr.  married  Rev.  .luhn  McCain,  a  Methoilist 
minister.  She  died  in  her  forty-first  year,  leav- 
injl  five  children.  Mary  Jane,  wife  of  George 
Ilobert,  has  four  children.  Joseph  Kirk  lives 
cin  a  farm  near  Bellevue.  Emeline  first  married 
JBenjamin    Ilosbrook.  by  whom  she  iind  three 


children,  and  after  his  deatli  she  married  Homer 
.Atkins.  Matilila,  wife  of  Robert  Dyer,  died 
in  her  nineteenth  year,  leaving  one  child.  Na- 
than is  married  ami  ix'sides  on  the  donation  claim. 
Caroline,  wife  of  XoahCiregg,  resides  in  Dallas. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Creggliave  four  children.  Jerusha, 
wife  of  .lames  Ball,  has  four  ciiildren.  They 
reside  in  Washinijton.  Elias  is  mari'ied,  has  one 
child,  and  resides  on  the  home  farm. 

.Mr.  Conner's  death  occurred  of  apoplexy,  J  uly 
L"),  1888.  He  had  madea  will,  diviiling  his  part 
id'  the  real  estate  between  his  three  sons.  Every 
thing  else,  he  left  to  his  wife.  She,  however, 
thought  liest  to  sell  the  personal  prop(>rty  and 
divide  it  with  her  daughters,  which  she  did. 
She  resides  on  her  own  portion  of  the  estate,  in 
the  home  they  built  in  1872,  where  she  is  sur- 
rounded by  all  the  comforts  of  life  and  where  she 
enjoys  the  res|)ect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know 
her. 


^ON.  JOEL  R.  (iEER.  a  member  of  the 
IjJ  Oregon  State  Legislature,  and  a  resident 
Bi  "f  I'lcasant  Hill  ])recinct.  Clackamas 
county,  but  his  postofHce  addre>s  is  Butte- 
ville,  Marion  county,  was  born  in  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon.  March  7.185").  He  is  a  de- 
scendant of  New  England  ancestry,  his  fore- 
fathers haxing  emigrated  from  Isngland  to 
.\nierica  in  colonial  time.:;,  (irandfather  (iecr 
was  a  soldier  in  the  Rcvolutiim  on  the  si<le  of 
the  colonies.  He  lived  to  the  ripe  old  age  of 
ninety-one  years.  His  son.  Joseph  C.  (ieer. 
was  born  in  Connecticut  in  the  year  1796,  was 
reared  to  unudiood  in  his  native  .State,  and  there 
marrieil,  in  1817,  a  Mis.-*  Jolmsou,  and  was  a 
soldier  in  the  last  year  of  the  war  of  I8l2. 
They  moved  to  ( )hio.  where  they  resided  twenty- 
three  years;  thence  to  Illinois,  and  >evcn  years 
latci'.  in  184-7,  crossed  the  |)lains  to  Oregon. 
Two  of  their  sons  had  crossed  the  pl.iins  pre- 
vious to  that  time,  one  in  184.0  aud  tlio  other  in 
184(5.  Three  sons  and  five  daughters  came  with 
them,  and  they  were  si.\  months  iin  the  journey. 
Their  son  Fred  had  settled  on  the  Willamette, 
just  across  flu  river  from  where  Butteville  is 
now  locateil,  and  upon  their  ai'rival  in  ( >rcgoii 
they  went  direct  to  whi'i'e  he  was.  Here  tlu* 
father  took  a  donation  claim  of  040  acres,  and 
on  it  spent  the  rest  of  iiis  life.  Tl.ey  reached 
their  destination   in   November,  1847,  and  not 


';■  f^^ 


■  I'TT'TVi 


r,  I 


848 


in  STOUT    OF    OREGON. 


^ 


(I 

I 


HI 


long  afterward  Mrs.  Occr  died.  In  1850  Mr.Cieer 
miirriiMl  a  widow,  a  native  of  Indiana,  born  in 
1808,  daughter  of  a  Mr.  Dixois,  a  pioneer  of 
1847.  She  had  tliree  cliildreii  hy  Mr.  (icer,  and 
in  1855,  Soon  after  tlie  birtii  of  her  tliird  child, 
Joel  I'.,  tho  snbjeet  of  our  sketch,  she  died. 
The  followinif  yciir  Mr.  (ieer  married  a  Mrs. 
Strono;.  Prom  l85t)  until  1882,  the  time  of 
his  death,  lie  was  totally  blind.  In  early  life 
he  was  a  Democrat,  but  after  the  bejjiniiinti  of 
tlio  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  a  strons;;  l{e- 
pulilieau.  lie  was  nominated  for  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature  of  Oregon,  and  was  defeated 
iiy  only  one  vote,  receiving  all  the  votes  in  his 
own  precinct  except  one. 

.loel  V.  (ieer  was  reared  and  educated  in  the 
county  in  which  he  was  horn,  most  of  his  edu- 
cation having  been  acquired  at  the  village 
schools  of  Butteville.  When  he  reached  his 
majority  his  father  gave  him  ItiO  acivs  of  land, 
on  which  he  ha.--  since  made  his  home,  devoting 
his  land  to  the  cultivation  of  hops,  to  which  he 
has  turned  his  attention  and  in  which  he  is  ex- 
tensively engaged,  doing  a  largo  business  in 
shijjping  hops  on  commission. 

lie  wiis  married,  in  1877,  to  Miss  Calista  K. 
Culver,  who  was  born  in  Albany.  Oregon,  in 
1853,  a  daughter  of  Amos  15.  Culver.  She 
died  in  1887,  the  mother  of  three  childri'n; 
Lottie  E.,  OIlie  K.,  and  Karl  V. 

I'olitically,  Mr.  (ieer  is  a  Republican.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  (iraiige  and  also  of  the  A. 
().  U.  W.  He  has  held  the  ofHce  of  .lustice  of 
the  Peace  two  years  and  Clerk  of  the  School 
I'oard  eight  years.  In  1892  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature.  I'ersonally, 
he  is  a  (piiet  and  unassuming  gentleman,  well 
infornu'd  on  all  general  topics,  and  especially 
on  the  affairs  of  his  county  and  State,  and  is 
frank  and  cordial  with  liis  fellow-men.  In 
short,  he  is  a  tliorougli  gentleman. 


^^©nii)^'^ 


fOlIX  I'lIILLII'S  (now  deceased),  an  Ore- 
gon i)ioneer  of  1845,  and  one  of  the  most 
esteemed  citizens  of  SpriiLg  \'alley,  Polk 
county,  ( >regon,  was  born  in  Wiltshire,  Kng- 
land,  >iovemb"r  25,  1814.  lie  descended  from 
an  old  and  highly  respectable  English  family. 
Mis  parents  were  John  and  Mary  ((Jhurc^h) 
Phillips,  who  both  were  born  in  Wiltshire, 
England,  and    were  lueinbers  of  the  Episcopal 


Churcli.  They  had  five  children.  The  father 
was  a  well-to-do  mechiuiic  and  led  a  humble, 
upright  life,  and  diccl  in  the  town  whei-e  he  was 
a  resident,  in  1S25,  and  his  wife  followed  him 
in  1834.  Mr.  Phillips,  when  a  boy,  was  appren- 
ticeil  to  a  cabinet-maker  at  Froine,  Somerset- 
shire, and  served  seven  years,  lie  was  just  out 
of  his  apprenticeship  when  his  mother  died,  and 
one  of  her  last  re(iuests  was  that  John  should 
make  her  cotKn.  He  complied  with  this  desire 
and  performed  the  sad  task,  and  then  sailed  to 
New  York  in  company  with  a  minister  from 
Florida,  who  had  been  in  Enirland  in  search  of 
mechanics,  lie  jirocceded  to  Florida  and  re- 
sided there  live  years,  during  which  time  he 
worked  on  the  (Tovernment  works  at  Chatta- 
hoochee for  the  defen.se  of  the  country  during 
the  Seminole  war. 

Mr.  .Philli|)S  came  to  Xew  Orleans  in  1839, 
and  there,  on  February  11,  1839,  he  married 
MissElizabetli  llibbard.who  was  born  in  Shaftes- 
bury, Dorsetshire,  England.  Jidy  17.  1820,  and 
was  the  daughter  of  .lohn  and  Mary  (Doughty) 
ifibbard,  both  English  people,  Mary  Ann 
Doughty  being  born  in  Alderborough,  Suffolk 
co>inty,  England,  while  John  Ilibbard  was  born 
in  Dorsetshire,  of  the  same  county,  nnd  mem- 
bers of  the  Episcopal  Church.  They  came  to 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  died  there  of  the  chol- 
era in  1849.  After  Mr.  Philli|)s  was  married 
he  and  his  wife  resided  in  St.  Louis  for  six 
years  and  left  for  Oregon  April  11,  1845,  tak- 
.ing  with  them  two  children.  They  came  with 
ox  teams,  the  company  being  led  bv  Joe  .Meek, 
and  reached  Oregon  (3ity  in  October,  where 
they  spent  the  winter,  and  in  the  spring  they 
moved  to  St.  Paid,  Marion  county,  where  Mr. 
Phillips  and  Thomas  Roberts,  who  had  crossed 
the  plains  with  him,  wore  em|iluyeil  to  finish 
the  Sisters'  School  and  the  Roman  Catholic 
(Miurc.h  at  that  ])laco,  being  the  first  church 
erecteil  in  Oregon.  In  July,  1847,  they  re- 
turned to  Spring  Valley  and  settled  u])on  the 
donation  land  claim,  on  which  he  ever  after 
resided. 

The  claim  had  been  settled  upon  by  a  Mr. 
Turner,  who  had  an  Indian  wife.  She  died, 
and  the  man  desiring  to  go  to  California,  Mr. 
Phillips  gave  him  8100  for  his  claim.  In  the 
spring  of  1849  he  went  to  the  gold  mines  of 
Califoriua  in  company  with  his  neighbor,  J.  D. 
Walling,  and  others,  and  returned  the  same 
year,  since  which  time  he  has  lived  and  labored 
ui)  his  home  place.     Ho  made  himself  useful  to 


y 


!' i 


i: 


m 


^^^mmmmfmmm 


mmmm 


mim 


III 


1 1  I 


m 


{J 


iii.-'.n>i^Y  oy  <m»i, 


846 


t'  ■  ■••tili'llig     .» ii'U    !'■       .    H', 

{■  •■.^r-,'ihe   supplied  f.Jif   »i;'i]*i.v 

f  Mmiy  rtfo  tlic  y.inff  <>f  !■..* 

;..  •  iri>  still  c)i((risinii!    >«  ►litiij* 

»  ....  .iiiliistry  ai('!  skili. 

p>- utwajs  ttl'.   very  ;?i'.'iti'fitl  »..■   M>- 
liK.iit  u»  U»."!jorts,  wli(>  i-Hvi-ii  his  life  hii-l  thu'  •)" 
iiiH  fainiiy  wliilt-  crossiiif^  the  Siiiiky  river 
tlie  journey   to  ( )regoii   in  lS4o.     The  >'u: 
'AM  curryinj!;  liiiii   ami  his  team  -lov '   >* 
when  tiity  w nld  Imvo  l>e«'>i   ';'»•{  i'*d 
♦«rtt  Hniii  'M   '-.i-u  )!,:'■ 
ill  ijvtttn^;'  v.o  •■^..:'.t- 
tioii      >i'-.- 
on  th«  Unv'- 
f-rtt.  til.  .   ■■: 
'fits  !ni». . 
teeii  uhilili.  . 
inafuni ". 

4.  - 
< 

*- 

i 

Wit  )iiv«?'.t  \k!ut 


y  of  tlieii-  inarriagf, 
f  tlieir  olil  pioneer 
j)articipatinir  in  the 


,(;  t'lrw 
■••iihrr 

,      ■■'.,  J^44. 

by  h'jt  ♦'>U^*r ,  \e-  un*  n.  beaat)- 
fnl  luiinf;  f- liznhnth  inn*:  iriu  horn  'in  thi' 
'bnation  claim  Angust  12,  J847;  sin'  inHrrjed 
l*t».i(l  McC'iti'ty  anil  resiilff  m  UtT'iiilisi  civinity; 
'J,.,.rgc  W.  wati  born  June  IS',  1S41.).  an'!  'Vwd 
Wav  10,  lS7i>,  in  hi*  twenty  ninth  year,  li'av- 
ig^  «  wift'  nixl  two  nmt.  who  resicl''  in  I'ort- 
iwndi  IWjivy  Julia  mhi'  Iwrri  June  8,  t860:  i.h»' 
is   now    M5       '  '  ^)(M»  in 

TyliT.  W^-..  ,  .   .\.tK 

unt  15.  .I'J'iv,  ji^.s.  i»  i4..'ii 
WHi,    arid    rtisidt^*    i?<     Li- 
(?harlf.'    wai<   liorn    Hi,v,tv: 
Hides  on  th«  ilonution  claim;         .  ._       :  . 
twro^wr  I,  185ri,  married   A.  .1.  Matoy.  *iid  if 
i>id«»«  «l  Balcm ;    8aniii'-l    was   horn    <  >otol)cr  5, 
1850,  and  ri!>id(i8  on  tin    o-aim;  Thooilofia  was 
horn  April    15.  1808.  sin'l  di,*i  .)ini<^   1   of  the 
»ani«   yi..rtr;     llanriah,    lK>rii    Aii^»u«t    i!l.  1S<;2, 
ruiji'lo"  with  !u  r  motln-r;   l-'rHnci.*s  C(«T,ri'm  'loni 
January  -l.  IH^itl,  ie   now   Mr#.  T,  VV.  t^U^Jtt, 
wad    rt««id(^    at    Everi'tt.     Waehuii^tori.     ilr*. 
f'Hjtlipa  Imw  tidrt*  tiiiu'  j^jrandpliil-lrvr^  ,ti-  i    : 
j;r»iat-4{mndc.)iiidr<m. 

On  hilruary  tl.  iHvy.  a   iiiutt  nc-al-iv  '  vi  i' 
oucinrred  in  the  lives  of  M-.    and  Mrn.  I^hillii/s 
tin?   et'li'hridion   of  their  guldi-n  \vi'ddii»j{~-.|||fci(. 


■  Snip  fiiM  lifiivlli  annivc 
t'i*"';  'iii'i.fri'n    and    in!iiT\ 
^'^i<»ri«*'  »nrpribin>(  tlieni  at- 
^*!  .vjtw  :•  i;n  tiiitt  oeoafiion. 

l^Jf    J''iill'!>8   hud   alwin  •  been  a  hardwork- 
:,.,    '^4!i,sitiH>ti6    man.   ano    by   his  intelligent 
"  -i-r-v  Jiutt   p>)'-p!i>;il       I'or  several  year.^^  of 
f"*  .iuw»r^ti   frm  :   ■  eart  failnrc,  and  on 
•  :     -'    '    '      t'i-'       lis  death   occurred, 
cared   tor   by    his 
at  home  with  him; 
enderi'd    in  a  most 
nner.     He  had  at- 
ir,  and  at  his  death 
linrchyard  at  Zena, 
ids  and  neighbors, 
veof  the  noble  and 
•.  .  )f  sterling  traits  of 

!^  fef't]  I  benevolent  heart. 
.-.■.•■-■■  -'r  lliU  iJ!  1-  "m  kindness  to  the 
i9.-f.  Ill*  iHott'.)  11.1  I'Ksiness  being  '"Live 
,  jvi  let  lit^e.''  Tliifi  gui'led  him  in  his  dealings 
with  liin  imighbort".  Jle  war-  a  loving  and  con- 
siderate husband  nnd  a  ;_'•  od  and  indulgent 
faf)nT. 

AjiJ'^i:  from  what  he  ha<i  ^4ven  his  chililren, 

■  '   '    ■  ■  '*  j(roi»«rty  to  his  i^ife  to  be   divided 

■la  I'iui'lFHiv  aftis-r  U*?;  death,  thus  show- 

■  11.;  i  :i  ApfiirV'.wiiXk-n  tvf  *'       who  had   been   his 

rs,  and  who   was  a 
B\ieh  a   go<j(l  man. 


Itulpirraie   '       fifty  »)'>%*> 
laiiy   in  every  »«»  i^orthj 


iHTIinU  II..I<>l[NS()N,oneof  Portland's 
enterprising  pioneers,  came  to  this  city  on 
Ht-pliimhei-    l7.   1852.     He    was    born    in 
'  ;"<!.t:i!.  Kngland.  on  tlie  ■;  th  of  February.  1830. 
'1  father  wan  a  London  '•ui'jlier,  who  removed 
■'    't   III!)  ftwniiy   Ik   Sli  ■ 

l>t.'J.   Wtl<f%   iW  (**M*<i   rV. 

tmprovist'  Bttd  on  whieh 
when   h«  eaine  to   Omg.. 
]S\ivonil*r  28.  IHTI. 
the  oldest 


living  Bon  of 


:«e.  Wisconsin,  in 
aw  farm,  which  he 
esided  until  18()9, 
•vhere  he  died  on 
Arthnr  11,  Johnson  was 
en  children,  lie 
I  went  to  •»ehool  and  partly  Iciirncd  the  trade  of 
ieitijiivr'nir  in  Knj.'!ir.d,,ii)d  came  with  hi.s  father 
Miri  fiinuiy  U^  M.)'.i!ni!:M-,  Wisconsin,  in  1843, 

•■' '•■•  '  ■■•'•awia    tiij'iiii'iud  with  farming  and 

Hp  !«tt   MUviitukee  on  the  first 

■^'1,  hi  cross   the  plains  to  Oregon. 

I  111  two  wagons  started,  who.  after 

vi*i.,^«iK«ijii  ii.'    Missouri    river,   joined  a  company 


m 


if;! 


U'-i; 


..L--*;«; 


.'Yi'j-f^-.'-fy''  'f/.- 


i4      I 


€ri 


11 1  STORY    Of    ORi&Ok. 


f46 


the  settlers  Ijy  iiiainil'iK'tiii'iMg  witli  iiis  tools, 
doors,  siislii'S,  iiliiiiln,  cofiins,  and  liouseholfl 
fiirnitiire.  witii  which  he  siijipiied  the  settlers 
for  iiiilea  aroiuid.  Many  are  the  pieces  of  iiis 
hrtiuiiwork  which  are  still  cherished  as  tittinir 
ineiiieiitoes  of  his  industry  and  skill. 

Mr.  Pidllips  always  felt  very  fjrateful  to  Mr. 
Tiionias  Roberts,  who  saved  his  life  and  that  of 
his  family  while  crossing  the  Snake  river  on 
the  journey  to  Oregon  in  1845.  The  current 
was  carrying  him  and  his  teain  down  stream, 
when  they  would  have  been  lost  had  not  Rob- 
erts rode  to  hiui  with  his  pony  and  aided  him 
in  getting  the  cattle  turned  in  the  right  direc- 
tion. Mrs.  Phillips  and  her  two  children  were 
on  the  load,  and  by  the  timely  help  of  Mr.  Rob- 
erts they  were  all  saved. 

The  family  of  Jfr.  Phillips  numbered  six- 
teen children,  eleven  of  whom  were  reared  to 
maturity.  The  eldest,  Henry  li.,  was  born 
December  22,  1840,  and  died  in  St.  Louis, 
August  4,  1841;  Sarali  Ann  was  born  August 
4,  1842;  she  married  Kdwin  Dane  and  died  in 
lier  twenty-ninth  year,  in  1871,  leaving  three 
daughters,  an  infant  being  buried  with  her; 
John  E.  was  born  in  St.  Louis  August  15,  1844; 
he  mai'i'ied  and  resides  on  a  farm  near,  which 
was  given  him  by  his  father;  he  has  a  beauti- 
ful home;  Klizabeth  Jane  was  born  on  the 
donation  claim  August  12,  1847;  she  married 
David  McCarty  and  resides  in  Umatilla  county; 
(Jeorge  AV.  was  born  June  19.  1849,  and  died 
May  10,  1879,  in  Ida  twenty-ninth  year,  leav- 
ing a  wife  and  two  sons,  who  reside  in  Port- 
land; Mary  Julia  was  born  June  8,  1850;  she 
is  now  Airs.  Jerome  Martin,  and  resides  in 
Tyler,  Wushington;  ^fartha  ('.  was  born  Aug- 
ust 15,  1853,  and  is  now  Mrs.  J.  W.  Richard- 
son, anil  resides  in  Independence.  Oregon; 
Charles  was  l)orn  (Vugust  30,  1854,  and  re- 
sides on  the  donation  claim;  Amelia,  born  Sej)- 
tember  1,  1855,  married  A.  J.  Pasey,  and  re- 
sides at  Salem;  Samuel  was  born  (ictober  5, 
185t).  and  resides  on  the  claim;  Theodocia  was 
born  .\|)ril  15,  1858,  and  died  June  7  of  the 
«anu^  year;  Hannah,  born  August  21,  1862, 
resides  with  her  mother;  Prances  Cornelia,  born 
January  3,  180(3,  is  now  .Nfrs.  T.  W.  Claggett, 
and  resides  at  Everett,  Washington,  ^frs. 
i'billipg  has  thirty-nine  grandibildren  and  nine 
great-grandchildren. 

On  February  11,  1889,  a  most  no'able  event 
occurred  in  the  lives  of  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillips — 
the  celebration   of  their  golden  wedding — this 


being  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  their  marriage, 
their  children  and  many  of  their  old  pioneer 
fi'iends  surprising  them  and  participating  in  the 
festivities  on  this  occasion. 

Mr.  Phillips  had  always  been  a  hardwork- 
ing, in<lustriou8  man,  and  by  his  intelligent 
inilustry  had  prospered.  For  several  years  of 
his  life  he  suffered  from  heart  failure,  and  on 
the  1st  day  of  .Inly,  1892,  his  death  occurred. 
During  his  illness  be  was  cared  for  by  his 
daughter  ami  wife,  wlio  were  at  home  with  him^ 
and  their  attentions  were  rendered  in  a  most 
<levol('U  and  aff'i'ct^i.itutte  manner.  He  had  at- 
taineil  hit-  seventy  eighth  year,  and  at  his  death 
.was  laid  away  in  the  little  churchyard  at  Zona, 
beside  many  of  his  old  friends  and  neighbors. 
He  was  a  worthy  representative  of  the  noble  and 
brave  |)ioneers;  was  a  man  of  sterling  traits  of 
character  and  had  a  kind  and  benevolent  heart. 
He  was  loved  for  his  uniform  kindness  to  the 
unfortunate,  his  motto  in  business  being  '-Live 
and  let  live."  This  guide<l  him  in  his  dealings 
with  his  neighbors.  He  was  a  loving  and  con- 
siderate husband  and  a  good  and  induljrent 
father. 

.Vside  from  what  he  had  given  his  children, 
he  left  his  property  to  his  wife  to  be  divided 
among  the  children  after  her  death,  thus  show- 
ing his  appreciation  of  her  who  had  been  his 
helpmate  for  fifty-three  years,  and  who  was  a 
lady  in  every  way  worthy  of  sueh  a    good  man. 


iRTHUR  H.  JOIINSOX,  one  of  Portland's 
enterj)rising  pioneers,  came  to  this  city  on 
September  17.  1852.  He  was  born  in 
London,  England,  on  the  7th  of  February.  1830. 
His  father  was  a  London  butcher,  who  removed 
with  his  family  to  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  in 
1843,  where  he  settled  on  a  new  farm,  which  he 
improveil  and  on  which  he  resided  until  18t)9, 
when  I'.e  came  to  Oregon,  where  he  died  on 
November  28,  1871.  Arthur  H.  Johnson  was 
the  oldest  living  son  of  eleven  children.  He 
went  to  school  and  partly  learned  the  trade  of 
butchering  in  England,  and  came  with  his  father 
and  family  to  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  in  1843, 
where  he  became  acquainted  with  farnung  and 
stock-raising.  He  left  Milwaukee  on  the  first 
of  March,  1852,  to  cross  the  plains  to  Oregon. 
Four  men  with  two  wagons  started,  who.  after 
crossing  the  Missouri    river,  joined  a  company 


ii 


SCO 


iiisrony  of  ohfjios. 


Vf'S 


oftliii'ty  \vai,r()iis.  Afr.  Jolnison  wiis  tlnni  in  his 
twuiity-si'coiiil  yeiir.  lie  (iiove  iiii  ox  teiim  all 
the  way  tbi'  his  l)oanl.  A  grout  tnaiiy  died  dur- 
ing this  year  of  nholcra,  and  this  ciiin|iaiiy  lost 
one  person  hy  thiit  <lrfad  disease;  the  i^raves 
were  ninnerous  alon<,'  tlie  route.  When  near 
tlie  (Tpande  Uoiide,  tliey  liail  an  adventure  wilh 
the  Indians,  which  he  relatives  as  t'lillows:  An 
Indian  eaino  up  witli  the  company,  and  sold  one 
of  tlie  men  a  horse  for  a  hutlalo  robe  aiul  85 
cash.  .Inst  previous  to  making  the  trade,  they 
had  stopped  for  dinner,  and  while  there,  a  white 
man.  looking  like  a  trapper,  came  upon  a  gallop 
and  stojiped  where  they  were.  They  invited 
him  to  dismount  and  eat  something  with  them, 
wliieli  he  did,  and  the  trade  was  made  while  he 
was  there.  He  afterward  mounted  his  horse, 
and  rode  off  on  a  gallop  as  he  had  eomo,  and 
they  started  on  thuii-  journey.  Tliey  hail  not 
gone  far,  before  they  were  ambushed  by  a  crowd 
of  Indians,  who  rose  out  of  the  bushes  in  front 
of  them,  and  acted  in  a  threatening  manner, 
their  object  being  to  take  the  horse  from  them, 
as  if  they  had  stolen  him.  Just  at  that  moment, 
when  they  were  deciding  t<i  light,  and  e\|)ected 
to  \,<-  overpowered  by  the  Indians,  the  man  on 
the  horse  again  galloped  uj)  at  full  sjieed,  and 
seeing  what  was  going  on.  aiul  the  angry  atti- 
tude of  the  Indians,  said  a  few  words  to'them, 
and  tlijy  cowered  down  at  on"?,  leaving  them  to 
j)roceed  on  their  journey.  The  question  in  Mr. 
-lohnsoirs  minil  has  always  been.  How  came  the 
white  man  there  at  that  opportune  time?  When 
lie  came  to  the  Dalies,  he  left  his  team,  and 
walked  alone  to  the  cascades.  The  last  two 
days  of  his  journey,  he  was  without  food,  and 
when  he  arrived,  he  was  empty  handed.  He 
secured  em])loynient  immediately,  and  then  had 
his  supper.  The  next  day  he  was  asked  what 
he  would  want  for  wages,  and  ho  replied,  that 
he  Would  take  for  a  month,  whatever  they  would 
give,  and  they  jiaid  him  sfiO;  at  the  end  of  the 
month,  they  raised  his  wages  to  ^loM  a  month. 
He  then  engagcil  in  small  spocnlatioiis,  and 
made  some  money,  and  purchased  a  half  interest 
ill  the  business.  i{.  S.  l\'rkins  was  at  work  in 
the  same  shop,  who  soon  bought  the  other  half, 
and  they  were  partners  for  ten  years,  when  they 
both  sold  out.  Mr.  -rohnson  afterward  bought 
the  whole  business  back,  which  he  has  continued 
ever  since,  and  which  has  grown  to  he  on  !  of 
the  largest  wholesale  and  retail  stores  in  the  city. 
Mr.  Johnson  has  invested  considerabiy  in  city 
jiroperty.  and    lias    built    several   brick   stories, 


besides  which,  he  owns  3,u(ll)  acres  in  Washing- 
ton and  Vam  Hill  counties,  on  which  he  is 
breeding  blooded  stijck.  Durhams  and  Here- 
fords. 

He  was  marriecl  on  August  li-t.  ISSii,  to  Miss 
('ordelia  St.  (Mair.  They  hav(f  had  fourteen 
children,  of  whom  ten  are  living,  all  l)orri  in 
Portland.  Two  of  his  sons  are  on  his  farm. 
The  married  daughters  reside  in  Portland;  and 
one  of  the  sons  is  in  eastern  Oregon,  on  a  cattle 
ranch. 

Mr.  Johnson  has  platted  an  adilition  of  twenty 
acres  to  the  city  of  Portland,  and  has  named  the 
streets,  and  built  a  haiidsoine  residence  on  the 
property  between  between  St.  (Mair  and  Fort 
streets,  where  he  resides  in  the  society  of  his 
family.  He  is  a  Ivoyal  Arch  Mason,  and  in 
politics  is  a  llepubliean.  His  career  is  an 
inspiration  to  the  needy  young  man  cA  to-day. 
as  sliowin<t  what  can  be  accom|)lislied  by  a 
person,  who  directs  his  attention  steadily  to 
business  and  e.xert-"  all  his  energies.  Mr.  John- 
son owes  much  of  his  prosperity  to  his  unwaver- 
ing integrity,  and  uniformly  courteoua  manner, 
which  attr.'ictcd  and  held  the  public  confidence, 
aiul  i)y  means  of  which  he  has  ac(|uired  wealth 
and  that  which  is  nuu-e  \aluable.  the  esteem  of 
his  fellow-(!itizens,  and  the  alTectionate  regard  of 
numerous  friends. 


-==$•>* -^ 


M|&^«S^# 


*^=^ 


UlYLEit  WOODWAUI),  a  prominent  and 
intlueiitinl  citizen  of  Portland,  both  otH- 
cially  and  tinancially.  has  sjieiit  thirty 
years  of  the  best  part  of  his  life  in  this  States 
He  is  of  Puritan  ancestry,  his  ancestors  having 
emigrated  from  Kngland  to  the  colony  of  ("on- 
neeticut  in  the  early  history  of  the  country. 
These  progenitors  were  Congregatioiiaiists,  dea- 
crins  of  the  church,  seleetmeu  of  the  town, 
preachers,  doctors,  lawyers,  mechanics  and  farm- 
ers. His  grandfather,  (Jideon  Woodward,  was 
a  brave  and  etlicient  soldier  in  the  colonial  army 
during  the  Kevoliitionary  war.  His  father, 
Krastus  Woodward,  was  born  in  (Connecticut, 
and  reii'cd  in  New  Hampshire.  He  married 
Miss  .Sarah  (iilson,  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
also  a  descendant  of  the  Pni'itans.  Her  father, 
James  (iilson,  and  hei'  husband,  our  subject's 
father,  both  fought  in  the  war  of  1812.  They 
settled  at  Portsmouth,  New  IIam|»sliire,  and  a 
little    later,     removed     to     Hiirtbind,    Winilsor 


I  • 


niSTOItV    OF   nuEnoN. 


851 


county.  Vcnnuiit,  wliti'c  tin;!]'  sdii,  Tylci'  Wudd- 
ward,  was  liurn  (in  Jiiniiiiry  t*.  l^iiiu.  'I'lifv  later 
inove<l  to  IdWft,  where  onr  siilijcctt's  father  died 
in  lS7().  liis  tnothei'  snr\  ivinir  liini  I'onr  ycarri. 
They  hail  ten  ciiiliiien,  of  uiioni  five  woiis  and 
two  diinirhters  are  living,  wlio  arc  scattered 
tlironi;liout  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  Woodward  was  educated  in  the  jiulijic 
schools  of  Ilia  native  town  and  at  the  academies 
at  Kiniliall.  Union  and  Meriden,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  Thetford,  Vermont.  When  he  left 
school  he  tauifjit  for  one  term,  and  then,  in 
18()().  came  to  Marysville,  California,  where  he 
clerl<e<l  for  hia  brother,  (iideon  AVoodward.  in 
the  Western  Hotel.  In  1S(U  he  went  to  Wa?lioe. 
;it  the  time  of  the  oold  e.xeitenu'Ut  there.  He 
was  for  some  months  intei'ested  in  >awmilliiiM- 
on  the  'J'rnckee  river,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra 
Nevft(hi  mountains.  In  the  sjirinij;  of  lNr)2  he 
sold  out.  cominif  to  ()i'e<.ion,  speiuling  the  sum- 
mer in  that  State,  prospectinij  and  niininir  near 
the  i'loi'ence  mines,  and  also  miiu'd  foi'  some 
little  time  a'  (Janon  ( 'ity,  nu'Ctinif  with  fair  suc- 
ceas.  His  largest  find  at  one  time  was  in  the 
placer  mines,  where  Im  discovered  a  piece  wt'lj^li- 
ing  ahont  three  ounces,  wliieli  was  worth  at  the 
time  >:»44:.  He  clerked  for  a  year  in  a  store  at 
the.Iohn  Day  mines,  and  then  came  to  Umatilla, 
where  he  was  engagecl  in  freighting  with  pa(dv 
mules,  carrying  freight  to  the  nunes.  He  fol- 
lowed this  occupation  for  aliout  a  year  and  made 
considerable  money.  In  the  spi'ing  of  1864-  he 
purchased  a  stock  of  general  merchandise  and 
miners' supplies,  loadeil  a  pack  ti'ain  and  started 
for  the  Stinking  Water  mines  in  ^lontana.  He 
joine<l  forces  with  a  train  in  which  L.  II.  Wake- 
field was  interested,  and  together  they  started  on 
their  lonjj;,  toilsome  jmirney,  whicli  was  beset 
with  many  dangers  as  well.  They  took  their 
goods  on  mnle  back  fur  a  distance  of  360  miles, 
througli  a  wilil  and  mountainous  country,  'i'hey 
arrived  at  Hell  (Jate  in  July,  and  started  busi- 
ness in  a  house  built  by  John  Grant,  chief  agent 
of  the  liudaon's  liay  Company,  near  the  present 
site  of  Missoula.  Here  fm'  four  years  they  did 
a  "cry  lucrati\e  business,  under  the  firm  luiine 
of  Woodward.  ( 'lenient  ife  Co.  -Vt  this  time  Mr. 
('lenient  sold  his  interest  to  the  other  partners, 
the  firm  becoming  Wooilward  it  Wakefield. 
Most  of  their  supplies  were  purchased  in  Port- 
land, Mr.  Woodward  making  frequent  trips  to 
that  city  during  the  following  si,\  years,  and  be- 
coming well  ac((nainted  with  the  business  men 
of  that  day.     Hesides  inercliaiidising  during  this 


per 


he  W! 


'cd  III  st(irk-rai>inij  am 


1  fa 


was  remarkably  .-iiccessfiil  in  all  of  these 


several  niiilei' 


tak 


inoa. 


In  I87(t  he  sold  Ilia  interests  at  Hell  (iate,  in- 
tending to  locate  at  i'oi'tland,  feeling  convinced 
that  a  great  future  awaited  this  city.  He  started 
on  horseback  with  all  the  money  he  had  accumu- 
lated, amounting  to  about  !SiiO.(R)ll.  He  re-trav- 
erseil  that  >iime  wild  region  of  over  i3()0  miles, 
which  was  indeed  a  hazardous  undertaking,  in- 
fested as  the  country  was  with  lawless  and  des- 
perate characters,  (before  he  had  proceeded  far 
he  realized  that  he  was  followed  by  highwaymen, 
who  were  watching  for  a  convenient  upporfunity 
t(i  rob  him.  Years  of  residenc  among  the 
rough  characters,  who  infested  mining  camps, 
made  him  fully  aware  of  the  danger  of  his  situ- 
ation, and  it  became  >iiii|ily  a  question  of 
endurance  and  strategy  between  liimgeltand  his 
pursuers,  and  it  was  only  by  the  most  constant 
watclifulne.ss  and  his  accurate  knowledge  of  the 
country  that  he  was  enabled  to  elude  these  vil- 
lains and  reach  Spokane  Falls  in  safety.  Had  he 
been  overtaken  ho  would  have  lost  his  money  and 
no  doubt  his  life.  On  arriving  at  Portland  he 
detorniined  to  re- visit  his  old  Eastern  home, 
which  he  did,  again  ri'tnrning  to  Portland,  where 
he  lias  since  resided. 

Here  he  immediately  invested  largely  in  city 
projierty.  becoiniug  a  member  of  the  real-estate 
tii'iii  of  i'arrish.  Atkinson  &  Wooilward.  His 
operations  were  successful,  although  viewed  by 
niivnv  at  the  lime  as  hazardous.  He  had  unlim- 
ited faith  in  the  city's  growth,  and  sustained  his 
judgment  with  money,  reaping  an  abundant 
harvest.  He  lias  continued  his  investments  in 
real  estate  until  ilii'  present  time,  and  is  now 
largely  interested  in  city  and  snbui'ban  projierty. 
He  has  also  become  engaged  in  several  enter- 
prises which  will  be  of  value  to  tlie  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  '1  .'ans  conti- 
nental Street  Hallway  ("onipany,  havin,;/  been  for 
several  years  its  jiresident.  He  was  a  so  one  of 
the  instigators  and  promoters  as  well  ii--  i-iock- 
hohlers  in  the  Walla  Walla  IJailroad.  Besides 
this  he  has  been  interested  in  other  minor  enter- 
prises, but  the  street  railway  and  his  real  estate 
operations  have  absorbed  most  of  his  attention. 

As  instancing  the  marvelous  growth  and  con- 
sequent stimulation  in  prices,  Mr.  Wooilward 
says  that  lands  costing  $50  an  acfe  have  since 
been  sold  for  §2,000  an  acre,  and  are  now  worth 
still  more.  Mr.  Woodward  has  contributed  ma- 
terially to  the  prosperity  and  rapid  growth  of  the 


8S.2 


IirsTOUr    Oh    OliKOON. 


u.^.. 


city,  us  lie  was  for  gcvenil  years  [irt'sidciit  mid 
iiiiiimo;fi'  III'  the  Sti'fcf  liailuav  (!iiiii|iHny,  wliicli 
lias  liuilt  ami  is  ikjw  (jpuraliiiii;  tiftv  miles  of  ruad. 
iiu'liidiiii^  city  ami  siilmi'Liaii.  electric,  steam  and 
lior.-e  piiwer  lines.  lli>  first  cnin|iany  lias  heen 
C(msi)lidiite(|  with  the  Willamette  Hridj^e  ivail- 
road  ('iiiii|iaMv.  nf  which  latter  C(im|)aiiy  he  is 
vice-|ire>i(lciit  and  director.  The  liiiildini^  of 
the,-e  lines  lia~  had  a  most  mai'velous  elfeet  on  the 
valuation  of  city  [iroperty.  deinoiistratiiii^  in  their 
wides|ii'ead  infliiencu  the  \i^or  and  eneri^y  of  the 
nndei'lyini.'  power  in  the  liraiii  af  the  jiriiiie 
tiiover  and  in.~tii;ator,  who  is  indeed  an  honor  to 
liis  old  New  Kni^land  ancestry,  as  well  as  to  his 
friends  in  the  new  JSorthwest. 

In  185(i  Ml'.  \Voodwar<l  cast  his  first  presi- 
dential vote  I'or  (ieiieral  John  ('.  Fremont,  and 
since  then  he  has  (irmly  adhered  to  the  ideas 
advocated  liy  the  IJe|)iililican  party.  While  in 
Montana  he  was  almost  the  oid\  active  liepnb- 
lican  in  Mi>soula  coiintv,  and  did  much  to  keep 
U|i  the  jiarty  orfi'ainzation  there.  He  served  as 
I'ostmaster  at  llell  (iate,  and  wa>  at  that  time, 
perhaps,  the  only  Kepiililican  official  in  Montana 
Territory.  Since  residino;  in  I'ortland  he  has 
served  one  term  as  County  Conimiisioner,  and 
is  now  servino-  his  second  term  as  a  ineinher  of 
the  City  Council.  While  stron<;  in  his  jiolitical 
faith,  and  a  zealous  supporter  of  hi>  party,  he  has 
never  heen  an  a>piraut  toi-  jiolitical  office,  haviiii^ 
a  <lecidi'(l  re|iuj^uance  to  the  usual  methods  of 
^ainiiii^'  political  powei'. 

lie  was  married  on  Novemlicr  8,  1872,  to  .Miss 
Mary  J.  Ross,  a  native  of  J'ortlaud.  and  daui^diter 
of  Sherry  Koss.  a  pioneer  of  Oren-on.  and  the 
ownei' of  Ikoss  island.  1  hey  have  one  dauo;hter, 
Mary  Aunah. 


^^^:^i^^,i< 


^^i^i\.\A\\V  L.  TOXKV,  another  one  of 
|\\m1|  the  early  pioucors  of  Oregon,  and  a 
l^'"^?^  snccessf'ul  fariaer  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
dates  his  birth  in  Calloway  connty,  Missouri. 
January  30,  1827. 

<  )f  his  ancestors  he  it  recorded  that  the  Toneys 
oriifinated  iu  KualHud  and  were  ainoiur  the  earlv 
settlers  of  thi-  Old  Dominion,  loc^atinir  there 
previous  to  the  Revolution.  Six  of  the  Toiiey 
brothers  served  under  Washington  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary  war.     James   Toney,    the    father    of 


William  !>.,  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1799.  He 
married  A[iss  I'atsey  Thornton,  a  native  of 
Xortli  ('arolina  and  a  danohter  of  William 
Thornton.  They  had  three  sons  and  twodaiioh- 
ters,  William  beiiifj;  the  si^coiid  child  and  oldest 
son.  Fou'- are  now  living.  One  of  the  brothers 
is  in  ('alifornia  and  the  other  in  Oregon. 

The  subject  of  oiir  sketch  was  reared  in  Mis- 
souri. When  he  was  twenty  he  came  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon  with  his  father  and  family. 
Tluf  father,  mother,  all  the  ehildren  and  a 
brotlier-inlaw,  Owen  I*.  Turner.  <'oinposed  the 
jiarty.  They  made  the  journey  in  safety,  arriv- 
ing liere  in  184:7.  The  father  took  a  (louation 
claim  of  ('40  acres,  located  near  Sheridan,  and 
the  family  moved  to  it  in  April  of  the  following 
year.  I'\)r  twenty  ye;irs  they  resided  on  this 
farm.  Mr.  Toney  and  his  sons  built  a  sawmill 
and  operated  it  several  years.  He  was  a  typical 
pioneer.  After  an  industrious,  honorable  and 
upright  lif(!  he  passed  away,  in  April,  18'Jl,  aged 
ninety-three  years.  His  wife  had  died  in  the 
year  ■l8(i4. 

In  the  fall  of  1848.  as  soon  as  he  was  (dd 
enough.  William  I,,  purchased  a  claiai  of  ()40 
acres,  which  was  afterwards  helil  by  himself 
ami  wife  as  a  donation  land  claim.  About  this 
time,  the  Indian  war  coining  on,  he  enlisted  un- 
der Captain  Burnett,  and  was  instrumental  in 
helping  to  rout  the  Indians  and  stv.  ;>  their  depre- 
dations. I'pon  his  return,  he  settleil  on  his 
claim,  but  the  California  gold  fever  soon  broke 
out  and  he  was  among  tlie  first  to  seek  the 
mines.  He  made  the  journey  to  California  by 
water,  first  mined  on  the  American  river,  in  the 
spring  of  18.jO  went  to  the  'i'rinity  river,  and 
was  one  of  the  discoverers  of  the  .Salmon  river 
mining  country.  He  was  fairly  successful  and 
returned  with  his  gold  to  (Jrogon  and  to  his 
home  near  Sheridan. 

In  March.  18.jl.  Mr.  Toney  married  Miss 
Klsie  Carlisle,  a  native  of  Canada  West  and  a 
daughter  of  P.  G.  (Carlisle.  They  resided  on  the 
(daim  above  referred  to  until  1863.  The  winter 
of  18()3-'()4  (hey  spent  in  ( 'alifornia.  Returning 
to  Oregon,  Mr.  Toney  established  himself  in  a 
meat  market  at  McMinnville.  where  he  d!d  a 
successful  business  in  that  lino  for  some  time. 
In  18f)7  he  built  the  McMinnville  Hotel.  This 
hotel  lie  conducted  eight  years,  then  spent  five 
years  on  his  farm,  improving  and  developing  it, 
and  at  the  end  of  that  time  sold  out.  In  1877 
he  ag,iiii  took  up  his  abode  in  McMinnville.  Fle 
and   his  wife  pnrcliased  a  four-acre  block,  the 


UlsrOUY    OF    (HiSdON. 


8ft8 


firoiiinl  uii  wliiuli  tliu  courtlidiiBo  now  HtiuidH,  iiml 
two  yi"""'*  later  l)()Ui:;lit  150  acres  nortlnveat  of 
MaMirinville,  On  tliis  last  iiiiincil  property  he 
Imilt  a  eomfortuhle  residence,  and  hero  lie  haa 
eontinned  to  rcfiide.  He  and  liis  wife  have  since 
bniit  three  nicedwelli.inx,  fronting  on  tiie  coiirt- 
iiouso  block  in  MeMinnviiio,  wliicli  tliey  rent. 
Mr.  ToMey  is  thoroughly  identified  witii  the 
intorostH  of  this  place  and  lias  lieen  cuniiected 
vvitli  many  ini[)iirtant  enterpi'is(-8.  lie  joined 
tile  (traii;^e,  toolv  stock  in  its  store  and  ware- 
lionse,  ami  is  one  ot'  its  directors. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Toney  have  liad  eleven  children, 
Bi.\  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  The  others  are 
Alihie  .).,  wife  of  !.,ewis  (.larrison;  Klsada,  who 
married  Iienjaniin  l!eman;  Kiniiia  li.,  who  lie- 
enine  Mrs.  S|)encer  Foster;  William,  and 
llerhcrt  L. 

For  many  years  Mr.  Toney  has  artiliated  with 
the  Democratic  party.  He  has  served  asaJns- 
tiee  of  the  I'eace.  A  man  who  has  made  his 
own  way  in  the  world,  workinir  his  way  up  liy 
industry  and  good  management,  ho  is  justly 
deserving  of  the  success  and  reputation  he  lias 
attained. 


>ivt->><^^:t>^^ 


t ON.. JOHN  WILSON,  an  e.x-memher  of 
the  Legislature,  and  retired  merchant  of 
I'ortland,  Oregon,  came  to  the  State  in 
1850,  and  has  by  persistent,  liotiorable  ettort, 
steadily  risen  to  atfiuenci?  and  distinction.  lie 
is  a  native  of  county  Lowtli,  Ireland,  whrre  he 
was  born  June  2('),  18"26.  His  ancestors  emi- 
grated from  Scotland  to  Ireland  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century.  They  were 
Scotch  Presbyterians  of  the  highest  integrity  of 
character.  John  was  a  popular  name  with 
them,  as  it  was  given  to  ^Ir.  Wilson's  father 
and  grandfather  as  well  as  to  himself.  His 
father  married  Miss  Joyscclind  Wynne.  Her 
people  belonged  to  the  old  English  pale.  Her 
ancestor,  Iloliert  Wynne,  inlicrited  a  large 
property,  which  was  afterward  lost  to  the  family 
on  account  of  his  having  to  pay  large  bonds  for 
a  defaulting  government  official.  Mr.  Wilson's 
parents  had  five  children,  of  whom  our  subject 
is  the  sole  survivor. 

He  was  educated  in  his  native  county,  whence 
on   arriving  at  maturity  he  emigrated  to  Cali- 


fornia, iirst  going  to  the  mines  on  Ihe  Tuolumne 
and  SaiMamento  rivers.  He  wa-  •-lightly  siie- 
cesffnl.  but  not  doing  as  well  as  he  had  antici 
jiated,  lie  returned  to  San  Frinieiseo,  where  he 
did  not  find  much  to  do,  and  worked  for  a  time 
as  a  common  laliorer.  He  soon  decided  to  try 
Oregon,  for  which  State  he  took  pa^8age  on  the 
bark  Ann  Smith,  the  fare  being  SIOO.  They 
arrived  before  the  bar  on  the  last  night  in  the 
year,  and  it  was  the  oth  of  .laniiary  beffjre  they 
reached  their  destination,  the  wiinl  and  stream 
being  against  them,  which  rendered  it  ditficult 
for  thorn  to  come  up.  They  accordingly  landed 
below  Collin  Kock.  There  w.is  snow  on  the 
ground,  and  they  walked  to  Milton,  where  he 
secured  employinent  in  a  sawmill  for  a  year  and 
a  half,  iieing  paid  §4  a  day.  In  June,  1S50, 
he  came  to  I'ortland  for  the  purpose  of  pur- 
chasing some  clothes.  ( »n  returning  to  work  he 
was  taken  '  ick,  and  on  recovering  returned  to 
I'ortland,  where  he  clerked  in  the  general  mer- 
chandise store  of  T.  II.  Smith.  While  em- 
ployed here  he  sold  good-,  delivered  lumber  to 
ships  and  looked  after  the  su\'. mill,  making  him- 
self a  useful  man  of  all  work.  i'"rom  here  ho 
went  to  clerk  in  St.  Helens,  from  wIkmo  he  re- 
turned to  I'ortland  in  18.'3,  working  in  the 
metropoli-  for  Mr.  Dryer,  in  the  office  of  the 
Oregoniiin,  where  he  made  bills,  kept  books  and 
made  collections  in  the  interior  of  the  State. 
This  was  during  the  |)rimitive  history  of  Port- 
land, which  was  then  a  small  village.  He 
boarded  with  his  emjiloyer.  Mr.  Dryer.  His 
next  permanent  employment  was  with  tlie  firm 
of  Allen  &  Lewis,  where  he  remained  froi.i 
1854  to  1856,  being  part  of  the  time  their  only 
clerk.  In  185(5  he  made  his  lirot  venture  in 
business  on  his  own  account,  by  buying  the 
general  merchatidise  business  of  Robert  and 
Finley  McLeani,  which  enterprise  he  continued 
until  1858.  Mr.  Wakefield  then  became  his 
[lartner,  and  the  firm  of  Wilson  &  Wakefield 
rented  and  occupied  the  first  store  ever  built  on 
First  street,  where  they  continued  to  do  a  suc- 
cessful business  until  1859.  At  this  time  Mr 
Wilson  in  a  sense  retired  from  the  business, 
going  iJii  an  e.xtended  trip  to  the  Fast.  On  his 
return  he  bought  Mr.  AVaketield  out.  continuing 
in  it  alone.  In  1870  he  built  the  first  store  on 
Third  street,  south  of  Morrison,  and  put  in  a 
large  stock  of  goods.  In  1872  lie  built  a  double 
store  on  the  same  street,  one  block  north  of  the 
old  one,  and  moved  his  stock  into  it,  remaining 
there  until  1878.     He  then  sold  out  to  Messri* 


■'f;?f!i'"f!7P' 


pi 
It 


i»(i 


?  J 


ai4 


JltsTiiUy    iiF    nituddX. 


Oltlx  ifc  Kiiif^,  who  Mtill  oontiiniu  the  hiixinuoe. 
Air.  Olds  IiikI  lifcii  with  liiiii  I'nirn  ii  Imy,  us  it 
cloi'k.  Their  firm  i«  uiie  of  liit"  iim.-t  |ii'i)S|)C'r- 
iiiiii  ill  the  eity.  Al'ti'r  selling  out.  Mr.  Wilcdii 
retii'tMJ  t'roiii  iiiereiintile  [im'Biiitt*,  (Ics'dtiiig  liif 
iitteiitiiiii  sine'!  then  tn  hirt  |)iiipoi'ty  interests, 
lie  liiiilt.  ill  IHHS,  the  Iloltoii  lldUiie,  and  in 
ISKl  erected  iine  of  the  finest  hiiildin^s  in  tiie 
city,  fur  11  store,  whieli  lias  tiic  inost  iiii(iiie  mid 
lirtistic  front  in  the  eity,  and  wliieh  is  |)rovided 
with  all  niodern  iiiiproveiiieiits,  lieiiii;  an  oriia- 
iiiciit  to  the  city  and  a  credit  to  the  nisiiiuss 
enterjirise  of  its  instigator.  He  was  el'Jcted, 
in  1880,  to  the  position  of  Director  o.  i-Sehool 
Dihtriet  .No.  1.  It  wasdiiriiii;  his  term  that  the 
i'orlland  High  Seliool  was  built,  the  iie,«t  school 
liiiildiiif^  on  the  coast,  a  lastini;  heiietit  to  the 
city  ami  a  nioniinient  to  the  hoard  which  caused 
its  erection.  His  services  as  a  school  otlicer 
were  hiijlilv  creilitahle  to  him.  Imt  owinn  to  the 
lack  of  appreciation  of  soine  he  resigned,  de- 
clining^ to  serve  longer  in  so  thankless  a  posi- 
tion. Since  then  he  has  heen  eiiifnged  in  col- 
lecting a  valiialile  lihraiy.  already  huviiif^  over 
(*),()Oll  volumes  (d'  choice  Iwoks.  id  cinineiit  au- 
thors and  thinkers  in  literature  and  science. 

He  was  married  in  1851*,  to  Miss  Rose  l!ar- 
tholoniew,  a  native  of  ( )hio.  Their  happy  mar- 
ried life  was,  however,  brief,  for  in  the  course 
of  a  few  inonflis  his  wife  died.  In  18lil  he 
married  Miss  Kli/.abeth  Thoin|i6oii  I'arker,  a 
native  of  Michigan.  They  have  live  children; 
.lohn  I'.;  Eliila  J.,  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  Will- 
iam !/.  dones;  Kobert  W.;  Alice  M.,  wife  of 
Mr.  Edward  (iiswell;  and  (Jeorgc  W. 

Mr.  Wilson  has  been  a  Itepiiblicaii  in  politics 
ever  since  the  organization  of  the  ]>arty,  but  in 
local  matters  is  independent.  He  was,  in  1887, 
elected  by  his  party  a  member  of  the  State 
l.egislature.  He  was  on  eight  or  nine  coniinit- 
tecs.  doing  etlicient  work  in  all.  He  had  cliari'e 
of  a  number  of  important  iiills,  among  which 
was  a  bill  providing  lor  kiiuit.'r).'arten  deputii's 
in  tile  public  schools;  a  Ijill  proiiibiting  the  sale 
of  tobacco  and  opium  to  minors;  and  a  bill  to 
enable  the  railroad  company  to  build  a  slnel 
bridge;  and  also  a  riparian  bill,  -all  of  which 
were  passed. 

He  was  raiseil  a  I'resbyterian,  iukI  has  always 
paid  for  a  pew  in  the  First  I'resbyterian  Cliiirch, 
but  has  lapsed  from  their  orthodox  views,  and 
as  a  result  of  the  thought  and  study  he  has  ile- 
voted  to  the  subject,  may  now  be  classed  as  an 
agnostic. 


This  is  but  an  oiitliiiu  of  the  full,  complete 
life  of  this  Worthy  citi/cn  (d'  this  metropolis  of 
the  .Northwest.  <  M'  liberal  views,  high  moral 
idiaracter  and  superior  inlidlect,  combined  with 
the  strength  of  his  convictions,  he  has  advancecl 
the  interests  and  welfare  of  the  commiimy, 
bidng  an  able  factor  in  the  development  of  the 
metroindis  and  his  State. 


fAUKKK  FAUNSWOUTH  MOllKV.  pies 
ident  of  the  I'ortland  Geiierai  Electric 
('ompany  of  I'ortlaml,  Oregon,  is  a  native 
of  the  State  of  iMaiiie.  boriiat  Calais  on  the  ll'tli 
of  October,  1S17.  His  fatlu'r,  (  mIlsoii  E.  Morcy. 
was  also  a  native  df  .Maine.  The  foiiiui  •<  o' 
the  family  in  this  country,  who  were  of  Engli-h 
and  Scotcdi  ancestry,  were  early  settlers  of  tiie 
colonies  and  were  active  participants  in  the  his- 
tory (d'  the  cimntiy.  Mr.  Morey's  t'athcr  mar- 
ried Miss  .\bi  Fainswortli.  a  iiati\('  of  his  nwii 
State.  They  had  seven  children  and  .Mr.  .Morey 
was  the  tilth  (d'  the  family.  He  received  his 
education  in  his  native  State,  and  at  an  early 
aoe  be^rau  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  machinist.  He 
worked  first  in  Ihingor  then  in  Portland,  Maine, 
and  later  in  I'oston.  Massachusetts,  until  he 
had  h'arne<l  the  machinist  trade,  and  had  be- 
come a  good,  practical  nundiaiiical  engineer. 
In  IStid  he  went  to  C)alifornia  and  settled  at 
I'lacerville.  El  Dorado  county,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years.  During  that  time  he  was 
engaged  mostly  in  nicchaiiical  engineering.  Ho 
then  removed  to  Sacramento  and  was  employed 
in  the  niaehino  shops  of  the  Central  I'acitic 
Railroad  Company.  He  made  a  miniber  of 
useful  inventions  and  removed  to  Chicago  to 
engage  in  their  manufacture.  In  187<')  he  sold 
out  liis  interest  in  the  jiatents  and  returiutd  to 
California.  He  made  his  home  at  Oakland,  and 
went  into  the  employ  of  H.  1'.  (iregory  &  Co., 
dealers  in  machinery. 

He  came  to  I'ortland  on  biisiiicss  for  his 
firm  and  while  in  this  city  he  made  a  contract 
to  puv  in  a  hydraulic-ram  elevator.  I'revioiis 
unsuccessful  attempts  had  bi-en  made  to  put  in 
such  ail  (devator,  but  beds  of  gravel  below  the 
surface  had  rendered  the  attempts  futile  and  a 
large  amount  of  money  had  been  expended.  Mr. 
Morev  successfully  overcame  the  difScnlty. 
Seeing  that  I'ortland  was  not  supplied  with 
elevators,  and  that  he  would   be  successful    in 


niHTOIiV    UF    OliHOON. 


8.')5 


timt  liiiHint'Srt,  lie  orgnnizt'il  tliu  I'urtliind  Hy- 
(Iniulic  Klcvator  ('oin|iiiiiy,  tnr  flie  |)III'|m)hu  of 
nu])[)lyiMg  mill  iipuratiiii^  tVuijflit  clovatorH.  Sinci! 
tl)t'  orifiiiiizuticin  of  tiie  coriipaiiy  lu^  lias  liccii  \\> 
iniiiiBf^er  and  |)rt'wi(l('iit,  ami  tin;  nll(•('«•^a  of  tlji^ 
cntiMpriHc  is  due  to  liih*  iiiHiiagt'iiu'iit.  Tin' 
('oiiipaiiy  now  inaki's  atid  uses  a  iicrlect  liy 
dranlic  telffcopo  ram  elevator,  iiii  iiiveiitioii  of 
Mr.  Morey. 

Ill  1HS5  Mr.  .Morey  dovjged  a  itioHt  practical 
and  etlicient  plan  tor  Fiipplying  the  city  of 
Portland  with  water  from  iiiilj  Run  river, 
thirty  miles  east  of  Portland.  I'oi-  years  I'ort- 
land  had  heen  supplied  with  an  inferior  (|iiality 
of  water  ami  in  iinguflicient  ()iiaMtitics.  The 
plan  of  Mr.  Morey's  ami  a  contract  which  was 
authorized  hy  the  city  were  ultimately  defeated 
liy  injunctions  issued  hy  the  water  coniiiany 
whiidi  tlu^n  supplied  Portland  with  water,  ami 
hy  adverse  lej^islation,  by  which  a  water  vxnn- 
mission  was  created  for  tlu;  city  of  Porthind. 
He  has  the  satisfaction  in  this  year  (18!»)5|  of" 
seeing  his  j)hin  carried  out  hy  the  city  id'  Port- 
land at  a  cost  of  S'^,5()0,000.  Although  this 
plan  of  his  was  a  source  of  great  pecuniary  loss 
to  Nfr.  Morey,  the  hringing  of  water  from  the 
Hull  Hun  river  to  the  city  of  Porthind  is  an  en- 
during monument  to  his  toresin;ht,  energy  and 
enterprise,  and  l>y  which  I'ortlaml  will  Ix;  sup- 
plied for  years  with  the  purest  mountain  water, 
which  is  never  discol  >  d  nor  muddy,  the  Pull 
Run  river  havini^  suflir  •  "■  water  to  ahundantly 
supply  a  city  of  over  5(iO,(H)0,  inliahitants. 

In  1883  Mr.  Morey  with  others  organized 
the  I'liitcd  .States  Electric  l.igliting  and  Power 
Company  of  Portland,  Oregon,  and  with  his 
characteristic  energy  he  made  it  successful.  He 
made  it  successful  under  the  most  adverse  cir- 
cumstances. He  had  the  tbresiiflit  to  helieve  in 
the  great  future  of  electricity  for  lighting  and 
power  purposes;  and  no  matter  wdio  became 
discourageci  ho  nev(>r  lost  confidence.  He  suc- 
ceeded and  his  company  soon  liecameoiic  of  the 
best  paying  dividend  corporations  for  its  capital 
in  the  State.  However  he  saw  that  its  success 
could  not  be  continuous  with  the  great  Willam- 
ette falls,  with  its  enormous  water  power, 
distant  only  twelve  miles  from  Portland.  Mak- 
ing rather  than  finding  his  opportunity  ho  suc- 
ceeded in  con.solidating  the  business  of  the 
Electric  Lighting  and  Power  Company  with  the 
business  of  the  company  and  syndicate  then 
owning  the  Willamette  falls.  A  new  company 
was    formed,    the     Willamette     Falln    Electric 


(JoinpRtiy,  to  transact  the  coiisididafcd  buHincHs 
anil  to  own  and  develop  the  water  power  at  the 
Willamette  falls.  lie  was  at  once  made  mana- 
ger of  this  new  company  ami  on  thi^  death  of 
the  first  president  he  was  elected  to  till  the 
iiresident's  place,  and  continutMl  iire^ident  dur- 
ing th(!  i!\isteiici'  of  that  company.  'I'lii!  Williiiii- 
ette  Palls  Klectric  Com|)any  furniBlied  the 
electricuty  for  lighting  all  putilic  and  nearly  all 
[)rivate  lights  used  in  I'ortlaml.  It  cmitrolled 
all  the  immense  water  power  of  the  Willamette 
falls  at  Oregon  ('ity.  For  several  years  the 
Willamette  T'lills  tllectric  Company  was  siicess- 
fiilly  conducted  ui...  >r  Mr.  Morey's  muiiiigonient, 
but  lie  wii^  iinahle  to  operate  it  on  the  plan 
which  its  immense  resources  rei|uirei|  by  reason 
of  lack  of  necessary  capital  to  use  in  its  busi- 
ness. Its  capital  stock  fully  paid  was  ^l,'.i5(),- 
000.  In  18!I2,  immediately  after  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  Thomson  Houston  and  Hilismi  (ien- 
eral  Hlectric  ('oinpauies  into  a  new  coriioration, 
the  (ieneral  Hlectric  Com|)any  of  .New  ^'ol•k, 
Ml'.  Mor"y  siioceeded  ill  getting  this  new  corpo- 
ration iiiterested  in  the  business  of  the  Willam- 
ette Falls  Electric  (Jompany.  After  long  ne- 
gotiations he  succeeded  in  getting  all  the 
stockholders  of  bis  company  and  the  (Tcneral 
Electric  Company  to  agree  to  his  plan.  A  new 
cor|ioration,- -the  Poi'tlaml  (ieneral  Electric 
(!onipany, — was  organized,  with  a  capital  of 
84.250,000,  of  which  ^l.SoO.OfM)  is  preferred, 
cumulative,  eight  per  cent  stock,  own(,'d  by  the 
former  stockholders  of  the  Willamette  Falls 
Electric  Company.  The  balance  of  this  capital 
is  fully  paid  common  stock,  mostly  owned  by 
prominent  cajiitalists  and  by  the  (ieneral  Elec- 
tric ('ompaiiy.  The  latter  company  purchased 
•all  the  property,  franchises  and  rights  of  the 
Willamette  Falls  Electric  ('ompany  and  the 
AViUamotte  Transportation  and  Locks  Company, 
which  two  companies  owneii  all  the  vvater  power 
of  the  Willamette  falls  and  several  thousand 
acres  of  laud  along  the  banks  of  the  Willamette 
I  river  at  or  below  the  falls  suitable  for  factory 
sites.  As  to  the  standing  of  the  Portland  (Jen 
eral  I^lectric  Company  it  is  sufHcient  to  say  that 
from  its  oiganizatioii  it  has  paid  its  preferred 
[  stockholders  regular  quarterly  two  per  cent 
i  dividends  out  of  the  net  earnings  of  the  com- 
,  ])any.  In  1892-93  nearly  82,000,000  was  spent 
I  l)v  the  company  in  developing  its  water  power 
and  perfecting  its  plans  for  supplying  water 
j  po\\er  and  electric  power  at  tlie  Willamette 
]   falls  and  electric  power  and    lights  at  Portland, 


nisnuir  of  orrook. 


:*■■ .  5  ?f 


Tlio  stiitioii  of  the  Willaiiictti'  Falls  Electric 
Company  at  tlie  falls  was  the  larcjeBt.  iiioBt  pow- 
ei'l'ul  anil  ln'St  i'i|iiip|)eti  in  the  (  nite  I  States; 
the  new  station  of  the  Portland  General  Kleetrie 
Conipanv  is  superior  to  any  other  in  the  world. 
It  is  iielieved  that  this  new  enterprise  alone  is 
destined  to  do  more  for  the  city  of  Portland 
thai!  all  other  local  enterprises  conil)iMed.  Its 
wires  annihilate  distance  and  l)rin<i;  50, 001* 
horse-power  into  the  city  of  Portland,  there  to 
be  utilized  for  all  purposes  for  which  electricity 
is  now  or  may  he  used  liereafter  including,  of 
course,  power  and  light.  I'p  to  the  present 
time  this  is  the  crowning  point  of  .Mr.  Morey's 
success.  But  he  is  not  through  yet.  He  is  a 
young  man  and  even  more  renuirkable  results, 
it  possible,  may  be  expected  of  him  in  the  future. 

Mr.  Morey  has  invested  in  city  property  and 
has  a  handsome  residence  on  South  Second 
street.  As  a  result  of  his  enterprise,  although 
not  yet  a  man  of  remarkable  wealth  in  the  city 
of  Portland,  still  he  is  a  man  who  in  a  smaller 
and  less  wealthy  community  would  be  classed 
as  a  man  of  wealth,  as  he  is  in  Portland,  a  man 
of  affairs. 

Politically  he  is  a  Repiiblicar  and  wae  eleiited 
by  his  i)arty,  in  1891  to.  and  represenrtd  Mnlt- 
nomah   countv.   in  the  .State  Legislature. 

.Mthough  Mr.  Morey  is  not  one  of  the  oldest, 
still  for  the  time  he  has  lived  here,  he  has  been 
one  of  the  most  successful  citizeur,  of  Portland. 
Of  course  it  re(]uires  money  to  ctirrj  i)Ut  such 
projects-  as  his,  but  it  rc(|nire'i  ,i  maw  of  Mr. 
MorevV  type  to  make  capitalists  believe  in  and 
invest  such  projects.  Such  foresight,  energy, 
enterprise  and  qualities  as  he  has,  combined 
with  money,  are  the  factors  which  move  the 
worlil. 


— t^ 


,^.0X.  PETKU  PAQUKT,  .if  <  >re,iron  City, 
hm\  one  of  the  ( tregon  jiioneers  .if  IS52,  was 
-^^  born  in  St.  Louis,  .lannary  f^I.  18iJ!i.  lie 
is  of  Prencli  ancestry,  and  his  fnrefathers,  on 
his  father's  .  ide,  came  to  America  at  a  very 
early  day  ami  settled  in  Canada,  near  the  city 
of  (jnebec.  Here  his  father,  Francis  X.  Paipiet, 
was  born,  .lannary  1.").  1811,  ami  was  married 
in  the  citv  of  St.  Lii.iis,  .Missoun.  .lannary  12, 
183t),  to  Sli>-r-  Marie  Lmiise  Lanadier  de  Lang- 
deau.  Shewn.-  burn  in  St.  Loui>  .1  uly  7.  1818, 
and  was  a  descendiini  of  one  of  the  earliest 
French    families    in   tliis  country.     They   have 


been  in  this  country  previous  to  the  acquirement 
of  the  IS'orthwest  Territory  by  the  United  States, 
and  her  great-grandfather,  .lean  Baptiste  de 
Tnga,  receivi'il  land  from  the  French  (iovern- 
meiit  where  the  town  of  Vinceimes,  Indiana, 
HOW  stands.  He  settleii  on  it  and  had  it  platted 
according  to  the  act  of  Congress,  and  the  t'liited 
k. fates  confirmed  his  title  to  the  property  by  an 
.\ct  I  if  Congress.  He  was  killed  there  by  the 
Indians,  aiwl  the  family,  being  driven  away, 
went  to  St.  Louis,  wliich  then  was  the  only 
settlfinent  of  importance  west  of  the  .Mississippi. 
Previoii.s  to  his  marriage  onr  subject's  father 
had  l)een  in  the  employ  of  the  .Vmerican  Fur 
Company,  and  in  1828  lived  at  the  post  where 
Chicago  now  stands.  .Vt  that  jiost  there  were 
then  three  .--mall  log  houses,  one  storehouse  and 
a  few  men  Wild  sawed  liiiiiber  with  whipsaws, 
with  which  they  made  batteaus  and  staves  for 
five-gaJloii  whisky  kejiB.  These  kegs  were 
tilleii  with  alcohol,  and  wlien  they  reached  their 
destination  whisky  was  made  by  addino-  sixteen 
jiaits  of  water. 

On  his  expedition  with  the  fur  company,  .Mr. 
Pa(|uet  left  Mackinaw  and  went  to  I'lairie  dii 
Chien  in  the  fall  of  1828,  going  by  way  of 
(ireeii  bay  and  up  Fox  river  to  Fort  Winne- 
bag<i.  They  made  jiortagi'  to  the  Wisconsin 
river,  going  down  it  180  miles  and  theti  up  the 
Mississippi  nine  miles,  being  three  nionths  on 
the  journey  through  an  almost  nnkiiown  region. 
Here  they  spent  three  months  making  boats 
and  repairing  wagons,  and  in  1829  he  made  the 
trip  with  t'nr>  to  .\rackina\v.  and  continued  in 
this  business  until  the  spring  of  1832.  He 
then  left  Prairie  dn  Chien  ami  went  to  (ialeiia. 
where  he  worked  in  the  lead  mines  until  the 
fall  of  1835.  when  he  went  to  St.  Louis  and 
was  engaged  in  boatbuilding  until  1852. 

Mr.  Pa(]net  had  jierformed  his  duty  in  atwist- 
ing  in  the  supin'ession  of  the  Indian  depreda- 
tions. The  tir>t  massacre  took  place  on  Rock 
river,  when  sixty  l'alnilie^  were  killed  by  the 
savages.  Mr.  Paqiiet  was  in  the  Mates  Com- 
pany anil  went  to  Fort  Lake  with  them,  and 
there  the  partv  stopped  until  (iener.d  Scott  and 
(ieneral  1  )odge  arrived.  They  then  all — that  is, 
voliinteei's  and  regulars — followed  the  Indians 
to  l>ad  .Vxe  rivrr.  where  they  surrounded  the 
Indians,  and  I'lack  Hawk  and  twenty  of  his 
varriors  escaped  by  swimming  the  Mississijipi 
river.  Thev  were  afterward  overtaken  by  a 
liand  of  Sioux  Indians  and  captured  during  this 
campaign. 


.■«-«llW'T**-'-« 


%i 


HISTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


857 


Mr.  Pufjuet  was  sent  by  (Joiienil  Doduo  with 
(lispatcliCK  t(i  Geneial  Scott,  a  distance  of  2()0 
miles,  and  the  last  day  of  the  journey  tlie  rain 
came  down  iti  torrents,  and  wlien  ^[r.  Pa(|iiet 
arrived  lie  was  so  drenched  tliat  (General  Scott 
felt  coin|)as8ion  for  the  trusty  messenger  and 
insisted  upon  his  donning  a  suit  of  lii>  own 
clothes.  As  (ioneral  Scott  was  a  very  large 
man  and  l'a(iuot  a  short  man,  the  clotiies  did 
not  tit,  hut  he  wore  them  until  his  own  dried. 
In  1852,  with  his  wife  a'ld  family,  lie  crossed 
the  |)lain8  to  Oregon.  The  children  were  Mary 
Delema.  Peter.  Jose|)h.  John  F.,  Louis  and 
Emma  .\daline.  Elizabeth  died  in  St.  Louis  in 
infancy.  (4et)rge  Washington  was  iiorn  at 
Willow  Creek,  Oregon,  September  22,  1852; 
and  also  in  Oregon  were  born,  Francis  X.,  Jr., 
Edward,  Oliver  L.  and  Ida.  but  all  of  this  latter 
family  are  dead  txcejit  ont'.  Those  now  living 
are:    Peter,  Joseph,  Louis  and  Oliver  L. 

The  family  arrived  at  the  Dalles  September 
22.  and  on  October  10  they  reached  Portland, 
where  they  wintered,  and  about  the  last  day  of 
May.  1853,  moved  to  Caneniah,  and  in  A\igust. 
185+,  purchased  a  right  to  a  donation  claim 
three  miles  south  of  Oregon  City,  where  they 
resided  utitil  1863,  wlien  they  removed  to  Can- 
eniah. In  1865  they  moved  toStringtown  and 
in  1876  Went  to  Oak  (vrovo  in  eastern  Oregon. 
l)utin  1891  came  to  East  Portland,  where  botli 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paffnet  now  reside.  She  has 
reached  the  age  of  seventy-live  years,  and  he  is 
in  his  eighty-second  year,  both  (piite  hale  yet 
and  are  among  the  most  worthy  of  Oregon 
pioneers. 

Our  subject,  Peter  Paipiet,  was  tlie  secoml 
child  and  the  tirst  son  o*'  the  pioneers  above 
iiientioncd.  He  was  thirteen  years  of  age  when 
they  started  for  Oregon,  and  on  the  journey  lie 
drove  stock  and  a  team  ami  took  liis  turn  at 
standing  guard  likt'  a  man.  After  arrival  hero 
he  learned  the  trade  of  boat-b\iilder  with  his 
father,  lie  iiad  been  sent  to  school  in  St.  Louis 
and  attended  the  public  scliools  in  Oregon 
wherever  the  settlenieiit of  the  family  hajipened 
to  be.  When  he  reached  his  majority  he  en- 
aaiied  in  boat-buildinur,  and  as  ijeneral  coii- 
tractor  and  builder. 

The  marriage  of  our  i-ubject  took  place  Sep- 
tember 0,  1871,  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Hamilton,  a 
native  of  Illinois,  anil  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Jane  (Sheplierd)  Ilauiilton.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Paijuel  have  three  childiun:  Louisa  J..  Flor- 
ence C.  and  \  ictor   H.     .Mr.  Paipiet  is  a  meiib 


her  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  is  a  Past 
Master  of  Multnomah  Lodge,  No.  1,  and  has 
served  in  other  otKces  in  the  order.  In  politics 
he  is  a  reliable  Kepublican,  and  has  served  three 
terms  in  the  State  Legislature  as  follows:  1870, 
1888,  and  1800.  He  has  served  nine  term>  as 
a  member  of  the  City  Council  of  Oregon  City, 
and  has  also  been  its  Mayor.  Among  other 
positions  of  responsibility  may  be  mentioned 
that  he  served  as  president  of  the  Pxjard  of 
Delegates  of  the  Oregon  City  P'ire  Department. 
During  the  last  term  in  the  Legislature  he  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means 
and  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  Speaker  of 
the  House,  and  as  Chaii'inan  of  the  Coiiimitteo 
on  Ways  and  Means  made  a  record  never  ex- 
celled liy  any  person  in  that  capacity.  On  the 
4th  day  of  February,  1892.  Mr.  l''a(iuet  was 
appointed  by  President  Harrison.  Receiver  of 
Public  Moneys  at  Oi'egon  City,  Oregon.  He 
was  confirmed  by  the  United  States  Senate  on 
the  8th,  and  his  coinmission  signed  by  tlie 
President  on  the  11th  day  of  February,  1892. 
On  the  14th  day  of  .\pril,  1892.  betook  posses- 
sion of  the  office,  in  which  position  he  is  now- 
serving. 

Mr.  Paquet  is  a  man  of  considerable  ability, 
of  much  general  information,  is  generally  con- 
sulted about  legislation  and  public  measures, 
and  his  opinions  carry  much  weight.  Uni- 
formly courteous  in  matters  of  business,  he  is 
very  jiopular  in  the  community  in  which  he 
lives  and  in  every  part  of  the  State  in  which  he 
is  known.  Few  men  in  Oregon  have  the  excel- 
lent reputation  of  Hon.  Peter  Paipiet,  of  Oregon 
City. 


-^^^Pt^ftXM-^i^ 


I  L  L  I  A  M  C.  X  O  O  N.  a  well-known 
manufacturer  and  business  nian  of  Port- 
land, was  born  in  Leicester,  England, 
.Vugust  25,  1836.  In  1846  he  came  with  his 
jiarents  to  Andover.  Massachusetts,  where  he 
attended  school  until  thirteen  years  of  age.  He 
then  commenced  working  in  a  woolen  mill  in 
Andover,  and  later,  continued  in  business  at 
Lawrence  and  Worcester  of  that  State,  and 
afterward  in  Maine,  until  in  time  he  ac{|uired  a 
thorough  and  exhaustive  knowledge  of  thebusi. 
ness.  In  1857  the  financial  depi'cssion  became 
so  great  in  the  East,  that  ino^t  of  the  woolen 
mills  were  closed,  and  nearly  all  of  the  weavers 


858 


nr STORY   <iF  oiiBonN. 


wt'i'o  thrown  out  of  eiiiplnjiiu'iit.  In  eoiise- 
([ueMce  iriiiiiy  tiinii'd  tlu'ir  jittuurioii  to  otlmr 
fields,  aiiioiiif  wliom  was  our  subject,  wlio  con- 
cludi'd  to  try  Ids  fortune  in  the  ijohl  tiuhls  of 
Gidit'ornirt.  liie  El  Dorado  r)l'  tlie  \\(irld.  Ac- 
cordiui^lv.  in  tlio  spi'ing  of  IS.'iS,  lie  einbai'lvcd 
on  th(^  voyai;;^,  via  tiu-  Isthmus  of  Panama,  ar- 
riving in  Caiiforniii  in  tlie  gprinij;  of  that  year. 
For  tliree  years  In-  was  eiiirajji'd  in  nniung  an(l 
rancluii!^  on  thi-  American  rivei'.  He  hatl,  liy 
much  care  and  toil,  accumulated  in  three  years, 
a  larire  herd  of  cattle,  which  were  entirely  de- 
stroyed by  the  flood  of  18t51,  swee|iin<2:  away  iu 
one  tei'rible  disaster,  not  only  the  result  of  years 
of  t(jil.  but  his  hoj)e>  of  a  start  foi'  the  future. 
His  sole  aim  then  was  to  secure  money  enougii 
to  (jet  away  with,  which,  when  he  had  secured  it, 
he  Used  to  nay  hi^  way  to  ()ree;on.  arrivinir  In 
J'ortland  in  February.  1S03.  lie  soon  olitaiiu'd 
employment  at  the  new  woolen  mills  at  Salem, 
where  he  remained  until  the  fail  of  1863.  when 
he  went  to  the  Salnmn  rivvr  mines,  where.  IVii- 
four  sueeeedinu;  winter  seasons  lie  etiiragivl  in 
mining,  \v<irkingin  summers  in  the  woolen  mills 
of  Oi'egon  City.  In  Isfil)  he  came  to  Portland, 
where  he  entered  thoemployment  of  .1.  W.  Co(d<. 
who  was  a  bag,  tent  and  awning  manufacturer. 
This  business  was  at  that  time  conducted  on  a 
very  small  scale,  hut  Mr.  Noon  realized  from  his 
experience  that  if  properly  cunductod  it  nught, 
in  tiine.  become  a  very  great  enter|)rise.  .\ccord- 
ingly,  in  1873.  acting  upon  his  judgment  in  the 
nnitter,  he  bought  his  eni|)loyer'8  interest,  and 
under  hi.- able  mainigeinent  it  has  exceedt'd  his 
fondest  hopes.  He  conducted  it  satisfactorily 
for  eleven  years,  when  a  com|)iiny  was  organ- 
ized under  the  firm  name  of  \V.  ( '.  Xoon  it  (jo., 
its  gi'owtli  having  been  unpi'ecedente(i.  It  is 
the  |)ioneer  factory  of  its  kind  in  t!ie  State,  and 
its  capacity  now  exceeils  that  of  all  other  simi- 
lar institutions  in  the  Northwest.  It  einjiloys 
seventy  people,  being  eiplippeil  with  the  best 
and  latest  improved  machinery.  Their  building 
occupies  the  Corner  of  I'irstand  C  Btreets,  being 
three  stories  high  with  basenu'iit,  which  is  en- 
tirely used  for  t!ie  matdnnery  and  facilities  of 
tbeii'  great  iriauufai'toi'V.  Here,  thev  make  from 
the  lightest  summer  oiled  canvas  to  the  heaviest 
canvas,  for  the  larger.t  public  gathering:  ilso  all 
kinils  of  burlaps  ami  sacking,  and  sails  (d'  all 
weights.  Their  business  and  fame  have  grown 
from  year  to  yeiii'.  until  they  now  have  sale  fur 
their  goods  in  .\la-ka.  IJritish  Columbia,  Mon- 
lana,  I'lali,  Idalnr.  Washington  and  Oregon. 


.Mr.  .Noon  is  interested  in  everythingteniling 
to  build  up  and  develop  the  resources  of  Port- 
land, and  lias  on  various  occasions  emphasized 
this  interest  in  a  very  substantial  manner.  Chief 
among  the  enterprises  which  have  received  as- 
sistance from  him,  may  be  lui'utioned  the  C-liam- 
ber  of  ('omm<'i'ce,  the  Poi'tland  Hotel  and  the 
Methodist  nnivi'rsity. 

lie  was  married  in  IStiT,  in  Oregon  ('ity,  to 
Miss  Adeline  (io(jd,  a  daughter  of  Dainel  (tood, 
a  worthy  pioneer  of  Oregon.  Their  happy  mar- 
ried life  was  of  short  duration,  his  wife  dying 
in  lS7tl.  They  had  two  children:  Julia' and 
William  C.  'Idie  former  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  U. 
S.  Freennm,  while  the  Son  is  with  his  father  in 
his  business.  In  1878  iMr.  Xoon  was  again 
nnirricd,  this  time  to  Miss  Enulv  Southard,  a 
native  of  Connecticut.  They  have  had  four 
childi'en,  three  still  surviving.  Those  living 
are  Viola,  Ralph  ami  Alma  E. 

He  is  in  politics  a  Ue|)iililican,  though  not  a 
p(ditioian  or  seeker  of  otlice.  lie  is  a  respected 
membivr  of  the  y\,  O.  IT.  W..  to  which  he  has 
belonged  foi'  years.  He  is  a  consi^tent  nu'mber 
of  the  (irace  Methodist  ('hurcli,  to  the  support 
id'  which  he  has  materially  contributed. 

.Mr.  Noon  is  a  man  of  unpretentious  uniniter, 
of  generous  iiupidses,  (d'  untlagging  industry 
and  unswerving  integrity  of  character,  deeply 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  his  favorite  city, 
and  devotedly  attached  to  hif-  family  and  friends. 

f'Sl.  SCUO(iGIN,  of  Sheridan,  Oregon, 
is  one  of  the  successful  and  [ironiinent 
'  farmers  and  business  men  of  Vam  Hill 
count  •.  Without  more  thnn  a  passing  notice 
of  him,  a  history  of  his  county  would  be  iii- 
iplete.  ( 
following 
Carter  Scrfiggiii,  his  father,  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  anil  a  descendant  of  early  settlers  of 
that  State,  (trandfaiher  Scroggin  was  born  in 
.North  (Jarcdina,  id'  Scotch  ancestry.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  lie\olulionary  war.  Carter  Scrog- 
gin mai'ried  Miss  i'lnebe  Shelby,  a  native  of 
North  C'arolimi.  and  a  (kvcendant  of  one  of  the 
old  Southern  families  Their  ten  children  nil 
grew  up  and  had  families  of  their  own,  and 
seven  of  them  are  still  living.  In  1824  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Scroggin  nnned  to  Illinois  and  settled 
on  what  was  iIumi  the  frontier  id'  civilization. 
He  was  a  successful  farmer,  and  was  also  Urgely 


complete.     Of  his  life  and  ancestry  we  present 
the  following  facts: 


nrSTOKY    OF    OIWGON. 


850 


eiicfaifed  in  stock 


using.  Ill)  liied  on  liis  farm 
in  Illinois  in  ISTjT,  aj^i'il  sixty-tivc  years.  Ili.s 
wile  survived  liim  sixteen  years,  dyiny  about  the 
ago  of  .seventy-two  years. 

Their  son.  I'leasant  ^lui'ion  Scr()2;;iii,  witli 
whose  name  we  be<fin  tlii-j  article,  was  their 
seventh  chiUi.  lie  was  liorn  at  his  father's 
home  in  Illinois,  Janiniry  27,  iSiiJJ.  His  boy- 
hood days  were  not  unlike  those  of  other  fann- 
ers' sons — attendlnir  tlie  district  schools  in  win- 
ter, and  workiiii;  hard  on  the  farm  in  summer. 
When  he  started  out  in  life  on  his  own  rcsjion- 
sibility,  he  went  to  Iowa.  There,  in  1855.  he 
jinrcliiised  400  acres  of  Government  land,  and 
be/^an  in  earnest  to  cultivate  and  develop  it,  and 
t'le  industrious  habits  with  which  he  began  his 
career  have  characterized  his  whole  life.  In 
l.S5t)  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Howard,  a  native 
of  Tennessee.  They  re^ided  on  their  farm  in 
Iowa  nine  years,  and  during  that  time  had  five 
childi'cn. 

In  18(54  Air.  Scroggin  and  liis  family  came 
across  the  ])lains  to  Orejron.  They  had  live 
yokes  of  oxen  and  eiglit  horses,  and  the  train 
with  wliich  they  traveled  was  composed  of 
thirty  wagons.  They  left  home  on  the  14th  of 
April,  and  arrived  at  Portland  on  the  2d  of  Oc- 
u,l)er.  The  oidy  trouble  e.\j)erienced  on  this 
journey  wa>  the  loss  of  some  of  their  stock.  In 
the  fall  of  1S()5  Air.  Scrt)ggin  came  to  his 
present  location,  just  south  of  Sheridan.  Here 
he  purchased  i34(l  acres  of  choice  farininjf  land, 
at  .^7.50  per  acre,  it  being  a  part  of  the  old 
doinition  claim  of  C.  1!.  Graves.  With  his 
characteristic  energy  hv  went  to  work  on  this 
farm,  and  his  well  directed  efforts  have  de- 
veloped it  into  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  Yam 
Hill  (HUinty.  from  time  to  time  he  made  ad- 
ditional ])nrchase8.  and  now  has  about  1,(100 
acres,  nearly  all  in  one  body.  Since  he  took  up 
his  abode  luM-e,  many  im])rovements  and  de- 
velopments have  been  going  on  all  around  him. 
The  town  of  Sheridan  has  sprung  up  at  his 
side.  The  i.pid  growth  of  this  jiroiniBing  town 
has  increased'  the  value  of  his  adjacent  lands, 
!{(4()0  i)er  acre  being  a  low  estiunile  of  their 
value.  His  other  land  i>  rated  at  $100  per  acre. 
Mr.  Scroggin  has  notconlined  his  business  abil- 
ity  to  farming  operations.  Ho  has  a  Houring- 
inill  lit  Willamina,  ami  lie  and  his  sons,  Charles 
ami  Stephen,  and  Jacob  Wortman,  of  MeMiun- 
viUe,  lia\<^  recently  built  and  staited  a  bank  in 
Slicridan.  Voy  se\eral  years  Mr.  Sirogjjin  has 
been  engMged  in  money-lending, 


Mr.  Scroggin  built  the  |)leasaiit  home  in 
which  he  resides.  It  is  locateil  on  an  eminence 
and  commands  a  view  of  his  own  broad  aci-es, 
the  town  of  Sheridan  and  the  beautiful  country 
which  8urr<junds  it.  His  family,  besides  the 
t\vr>  sons  already  named,  is  composed  of  tlu^  fol- 
lowing inembers:  Pb(elie  I'lllen;  Alice,  wife  of 
(t.  a.  Kpj)erly;  Ida  Jane.  Pleasant  M.,  Jr., 
Thonnis  Jefl'erson  and  May. 

Politically.  Mr.  Scroggin  is  a  Democrat.  He 
has  rendered  efficient  service  as  County  Com- 
missiouBr. 

Although  now  advanced  in  yeai's,  and  in 
atflnent  circumstances,  the  industrious  habits  of 
his  youth  still  cling  to  him,  and  he  does  as 
much  work  as  ever.  His  unceasing  industry, 
brought  in  contact  with  Oregon's  rich  soil,  has 
resulted  in  a  prosperity  which  he  has  deservedly 
achieved,  and  which  it  is  hoped  he  may  live 
long  to  enjoy. 

§().\.W.  I).  HAKE,  a  ])ublic-spirited  and 
highly  esteemed  citizen  of  Hillsboro,  Ore- 
gone,  came  to  the  Territory  in  l8o;5.  His 
fathci',  Joseph  Hare,  was  born  in  England, 
coming  to  the  United  States  about  1810,  set- 
tling in  liarnesville,  Ohio,  and  residing  there 
until  he  reach  manhood.  He  married  Miss 
Ellen  Davenport,  a  native  of  Winchester,  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  daughter  of  a  prominent  lawyer, 
John  Davenport.  Mr.  Davenport  liberated  and 
colonized  his  slaves  on  a  tract  of  land,  which  he 
gave  them  in  lielmont  (iounty,  Ohio,  where  lie 
spent  time  and  money  giving  them  a  start  and 
teaching  them  to  be  self-supporting.  Tiieir 
children's  children  reside  there  to-day,  and 
bless  the  memory  of  their  ancestor's  benefac- 
tor. Miss  Ellen  Daven[)()rt  was  a  daughter  of 
Captain  Colson,  who  served  in  the  Kevolntion- 
ary  war,  who  traces  his  ancestry  back  to  the 
early  settlement  of  Connecticut,  since  when 
they  have  actively  jiarticipated  in  the  wars  and 
history  of  their  country.  Mr.  anil  Mrs.  Hare 
had  twelve  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living. 
William  Davenport  Hare,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  the  second  son  of  the  fainiiy.  He 
was  horn  in  West  Virginia,  on  Septeiiiber  1, 
18;]4,  and  was  raised  near  Fairview,  eastern 
Ohio,  where  he  resided  until  eighteen  year-  of 
age.  when  he  was  employed  b\  one  .lau)es  Ed- 
wards, to  drive  an  ox  team  across  the  iilains  to 


!       lu 


■I  .      I 


S80 


iirsroiiT  nF  ureqon. 


thiri  State.  On  ai'riviiig  at  his  destination,  lie 
sfcni'od  eniplovnient  as  a  clerk  in  the  store  of 
.1.  I>.  Fancie,  of  I'ortlaiid.  lie  also  clerked  for 
Charles  lliitchins,  and  later  became  purBcr  of 
the  steamers  Fashion  and  Mountain  15nck,  ply- 
ini^  between  I'ortland  and  the  (cascades,  in 
which  latter  capacity  he  continued  until  1857. 
He  then  came  to  Washington  ('onnty.  where  he 
received  the  ap|ioinlnient  of  Auditor  and  Clerk 
of  the  County,  serving  satisfactorily  in  that  ca- 
pacity for  six  years. 

At  this  time  lie  turned  his  attention  to  the 
study  of  law,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  18G4-, 
bej^inning  his  pra.'ice  in  llillsboro,  where  he 
soon  achieved  eminence,  liecoming  a  prominent 
factor  in  the  atl'airs  of  his  count\-  and  State.  In 
1870  he  was  selected  by  his  t'ellowcitinens  to 
,e])resr,nt  them  in  the  State  Legislature,  lie 
was,  in  1872,  one  of  tiie  electors  on  the  (irant 
ticket,  making  an  eit'ective  canvass  of  the  State 
for  the  liepnblican  pai-ty.  After  a  successful 
election  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant 
Collector  of  Customs  tor  the  First  District  of 
Oregon,  serving  in  iliat  cajiacity  for  eiyht  years, 
as  an  efficient  and  honorable  otticer. 

He  then  moved  to  liis  farm  in  Washington 
county,  three  miles  south  of  llillsboro.  consist- 
ing of  357  acres'  of  laud,  which  he  has  highly 
improved  with  buildings  and  brought  the  laii<l 
to  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  until  it  is  now 
one  o"  the  most  valuable  farms  of  the  county, 
wJiicli  is  noted  for  its  goo<l  fai'ms. 

In  1S84  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
of  which  body  he  became  an  active  and  inHiien- 
tial  member,  working  with  ability  for  the  best 
interests  of  his  constituents  and  the  welfare  of 
his  State,  lie  wiis  prominently  itlciititied  with 
the  passage  of  the  Holt  bill,  which  asserted  the 
power  of  the  State  to  control  the  railroads,  thus 
rendering  his  constituents  and  theeiitii'e  people 
of  ( )regoii  very  valuable  service.  He  has  the 
honor  of  having  been  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Republican  j)arty  in  the  State  of  Oregon,  iiaving 
made  souiO  of  the  first  speeches  in  its  favor,  and 
actively  aiiled  in  its  establishment  in  the  State, 
as  well  as  firmly  supporting  and  abetting  the 
existing  (idvernn'tMit,  at  the  time  of  the  seces- 
sio  .  movement,  which  sought  to  withdraw 
Oregon  from  tlu^  Union.  To  him  and  other 
Iwave  patriots.  (>regon  owes  her  salvation  from 
the  disgi'ace  of  secession.  In  appreciation  of 
liis  services  he  has  been  twice  a  prominent  can- 
didate in  their  convention  for  (iovernor  of  the 
Sliiti'.  anil  in    187fi  lacked  only  one  vote  of  ..e- 


curing  the  nomination.  In  youth  he  was  always 
opposed  to  oppression,  likewise  in  his  more  niu- 
ture  years  he  is  the  chain|)ion  of  the  laboring 
classes  and  producers,  vigorously  arraying  him- 
self against  all  monopolies,  and  those  who  would 
coin  money  out  of  the  blood  of  the  enslaved. 
To  be  otherwise  would  Oo  to  ignore  his  past  life 
and  history.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  llillsboro  C!o-iipcrative  Company,  who  have 
built  a  bi'ick  block,  stocking  it  with  merchan- 
dise, and  carrying  on  a  lucrative  business.  He 
was  made  the  manager,  in  which  capacity  ho  is 
still  serving,  meanwhile  continuing  his  law  prac- 
tice as  well. 

He  was  married  in  1859,  to  Miss  Henrietta 
Schofield,  a  native  of  Clark  county,  Illinois. 
They  have  had  seven  (diildren.  six  of  whom 
are  living:  Joseph,  is  a  llillsboro  business 
man;  Ellen  teaches  in  the  Portlanil  schools; 
Henrietta  is  the  wife  of  (ieorge  W.  Morgan, 
who  is  in  the  newspaper  business  in  Portland; 
Martha  is  married  to  (irant  Mann;  Ruth;  and 
William,  a  lad  of  ten  years;  Thomas  S.,  died  in 
December  1890.  of  a  bronchial  atrection. 

Mr.  Hare  designates  himself  as  an  independ- 
ent Republican,  as  opposed  to  partisanship.  He 
is  a  Past  Master  ^lason,  being  Past  (Jrand  Mas- 
ter of  the  State.  He  is  also  Past  (irand  Mas- 
ter of  the  A.  O.  F.  W.  However  !:o  may  be 
styled  !)y  the  dogmas  and  creeds  of  the  day, 
wliether  secular  or  religious,  his  name  will  de- 
scend to  jwsterity  as  that  of  one  who  cliani- 
pioned  the  cause  of  the  weak  and  oppressed, 
and  opposed  with  unflinching  determination  the 
machinations  of  the  strong  and  tyrannical. 


tKNMJY  STAATS,  one  of  Polk  county's 
most  successful  fanners,  has  the  honor  of 
being  one  of  Oregon's  native  sons,  he 
having  been  born  in  Polk  county,  January  18, 
1850.  \l'\>  father,  Isaac  Staats.  was  born  in 
New  York,  of  (iorman  parents,  and  came  to 
Oregon  in  1845,  a  young  man  without  money 
to  |)usli  his  own  way  in  the  world,  to  make  a 
home  in  the  lutautiful  Willamette  valley,  and  to 
do  wdiat  ho  could  in  his  humble  way  to  found  a 
State.  Ho  "builded  better  than  he  knew,"  for 
to  him  we  are  indebted  for  aid  in  laying  the 
foundation  of  the  groat  commonwealth  of  Ore- 
g(Ui.  He  crossed  the  plains  with  his  brother 
Steiihen,  and   took  his  donation  claim  on  the 


nrsTonr  of  oueqon. 


8«1 


Luekamutc.  Here  \w  built  liis  lop  cabin  iiiid 
lived  on  tlie  "groiiiid  tloor,"  witii  6-10  acres  of 
choice  land  iibout  liiin,  of  wiiicli  he  was  the 
owner.  Tlie  Oregon  pioneers  were  "  monarchs 
(if  all  (hey  surveyed,"  but  their  land  had  no 
money  value,  and  they  were  without  jiropor  im- 
plements to  cultivate  the  soil  with.  Thev  wej-e 
hirgely  sustained  by  their  faith  in  the  future. 
Thej  lived  on  faith  and  boiled  wheat,  and  many 
were  the  danjicrs  and  hardships  that  they  were 
obliged  to  pass  tlirough.  and  from  none  of  these 
was  Mr.  Staats,  Sr.,  exempt,  but  he  was  destined 
to  see  brighter  days.  In  lS4(i  he  married  Miss 
( )rlena  Williams,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  .1.  K.  Williams,  a  |iioneer 
of  the  game  year  as  Mr.  8taats.  Then  the  little 
home  of  the  young  pioneer  was  made  to  smile 
with  the  presence  of  (iod'>  bc>t  gift  to  man,  a 
good  wife.  They  lived  and  loved  and  toiled  to- 
gether to  improve  the  home  and  raise  the  means 
of  life.  To  tlieni  came,  as  the  years  went  by.  a 
nice  family  of  seven  children,  all  of  whom  are 
living,  save  one,  Isaac  W.,  who  died  in  his 
eighteenth  year.  The  others  are  all  i-espectable 
citizens,  and  resiile  mostly  in  the  vicinity  where 
they  were  born  and  reared.  Their  names  are: 
.lames  M.;  II.  D.,  subject;  J.  ().  (see  history); 
Clarence  K.;  Asa  ('.;  Mary  I.,  married  Mr. 
Dalton.  but  is  now  n  widow. 

Mr.  Staats'  life  in  the  new  and  undeveloped 
country  wa^  an  upright  and  honorable  one,  and 
for  some  twenty-five  years  he  was  honoreil  by 
his  neighbors  with  th<'  office  of  -lustice  of  the 
J'eace.  Jle  also  had  the  honor  of  being  tiio  first 
Tostmaster  appointed  on  the  Luekamutc,  under 
tiie  administration  of  James  I'uchana  i.  lie 
died  in  the  sevenly-lifth  year  of  his  age.  He 
was  a  man  of  sterling  moral  chaiacter,  and  en 
joyed  the  contideTice  and  esteem  of  all  his  neigh- 
bors. Ilis  wife  survives  him  and  is  beloved  by 
all  who  know  iier.  She  is  in  t'le  s!.\tv-si.\th 
year  of  her  age.  and  resides  with  her  son,  Asa 
C'.,  in  .\irlie,  where  most  of  he 'children  reside. 

The  pon,  Henry  D.,  was  rea.'ed  on  the  farm, 
educated  in  the  public  sclioo',  and  began  life 
farming  his  father's  land  on  shares.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  business  for  six  or  seven  years, 
and  he  then  purchased  200  acres  of  land,  on 
which  he  built,  and  which  he  improved  by 
luinest.  well  directed  effort.  He  prospereil  and 
became  abh>  to  add  to  his  land,  until  he  now  has 
4:71  acres  of  one  of  the  best,  and  under  his 
nvmagcment  one  of  the  best  paying  farms  in 
I'olk  county,  a  county  noted  for  its  many  farms. 

fi4 


Mr.  Staats  was  married  February  ^i,  lS7i3.  to 
iliss  Mary  E.  Zumwalt.  She  is  a  native  of  Oic- 
gon,  daughter  of  Mr.  I-aac  Znmwalt.  a  pioneer 
of  1S4:7.  Mr.  and  ^frs.  Staats  have  two  sons; 
Irviu  Tracy,  now  a  gradmite  of  the  State  Nor- 
mal School,  imd  a  young  man  of  great  promise; 
and  Emmitt  is  still  at  home  with  bis  parents. 
Mr.  Staats  i.~  a  wide-awake  sp.'cessful  farmer, 
and  his  record  is  such  as  to  'ctlect  credit  upon 
himself  and  the  State  in  winch  he  was  born. 


fAMES  STEEL,  a  prominent  and  successful 
business  man  of  Portland,  Oregon.  <loes  not 
belie  his  name;  he  is  as  true  as  steel,  as 
strong  as  steel,  and  as  good  au  steel.  He  has 
been  in  Oregon  for  thirty  years,  and  is  a  native 
of  Woodstield,  Monroe  county,  (Jhio,  whore  he 
was  born  on  Sejitember  "^(t,  183f.  His  father, 
William  Steel,  was  a  native  of  ScothiTid,  who 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1818,  and  was 
mari'ied  in  Barnesv  ille,  IJelmont  coutity,  Ohio, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Lawrey,  a  n.'itive  of  Virginia. 
Most  of  his  life  was  spent  in  Monroe  county, 
Ohio,  where  he  w.'is  en'raged  iii  mercantile 
business;  late  in  life,  he  catii:  to  Portland, 
where  he  died  in  1881.  Tliey  had  ten  children, 
live  of  whom  now  survive.  Our  subject  was 
the  second  child  in  order  of  birth,  and  was 
raised  in  Monroe  county,  where  he  remained 
until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age.  In  18c'i 
he  removed  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  lie  clerked 
until  18t)U.  In  1802  lie  arrived  in  Portland, 
where  he  w<is  for  a  time  engaged  in  fi  bakery 
and  grocery  store.  Si.\  weeks  later,  he  ac^cepted 
a  clerkship  in  the  grocery  of  Mr.  Iv.  Pitlock, 
remaining  there  until  Januai'y  1,  1864^,  when  he 
becaUiO  cashier  .ind  bookkeeper  for  Ilarker 
lirothers.  who  had  a  large  wholesale  and  re- 
tnil  dry -goods  and  grocery  house.  He  re- 
mained with  them  until  January,  180(5,  when 
they  sold  out.  He  then  went  to  Oregon  City, 
at  the  re(juest  of  the  Oregon  City  Woolen  Mills, 
to  straigiiten  out  their  books  and  accounts, 
which  were  in  a  bad  condition,  and  also  to  sys- 
tematize their  ucconnts.  Ho  I'enuiined  wi(h 
(hem  'liree  mondis  and  in  the  meai\time  was 
ottered  the  cashiership  of  the  First  Natioiuil 
Bank  of  Portlr.Tid,  on  its  organization,  which 
position  he  accepted,  the  bank  ojiening  its  doors 
for  busiTicss  on  May  1,  180f').  He  remained 
with  (his  institvition  for  over  si.xteen  veii.rs,(lu)'- 


mi 


nTSTOHY    OF    OHKOON 


:'!!;,>  i 


"M 


iiig  which  time  it  grew  I'ldiu  .■-inall  proportions 
to  he  one  of  tlie  hirgi'st  I'literprises  of    its  kind 
in    tlie  city  of    I'drtijind,  or  on    the  Northwest 
coast.      In  .Inlv.  18S"2,  lie;  resi^ni'il  his  |)osition, 
in  (irder  to  eniriii;e  in  Imsiness  for  iiiniseif.     lie 
liiid   l<'iiscd  ii   iinnilicr  of  wiuvh(iiiM'>    froui    the 
drt'giin     li:iiiwii\'     nnd     Xiivijiati.m    ('oiii]iitny, 
vvliieh   were  lonated   on   tlio   lainls   of  llie   com- 
pany, on  tlie  ea-<t  and  west  sides  of  tiie  Willam- 
ette river.     Tliis  enterprise  pmved  nnprotitahle, 
hecanse  of  the  I'aihire  of  the   railway  company 
to  carry  out   its  pi'omi>cs  to   him.  and  he   i;a\  e 
np  his  ieaso.      In  lSS;j    the  Willamette  Savings 
iJank  was  organized,  and  he  accepted  the  presi- 
dency  of   it.  and  in  1S85   the  hank  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  .Mcrciianls"  Naticjiial  Hank,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  §100,01)0,  and  ho  was  elected 
president,  and    in    18II0   the   cajiital  stock   was 
increased   to  ;?l,l)O0.000.   In  January,  1891,  Mr. 
Steel    declineil   the  presiilency   lonjier,   hecause 
of  hi>nuiny  personal  husines.snnitters,  wdiichre- 
(|nired  his  attention,  hnt  accepted  the  vice-presi- 
dency, with  the  understanding  that  he  was  not 
to   give  any  time  to    the  active  hnsincss  of  the 
hank,  further  than  matters  of  consultation.    He 
and  his    hrothcr.    (ieoi'ge    A.    Steel,  in    1889, 
formed    the  Metropolitan     Ilailway   CompiTiy, 
and  huilt    the    second    street    electric  railroail, 
which   extends   from    (i  street    to   |'"ultoii   park, 
and   in    1891    extended   it   to    the   River   View 
cemetery.  >onth   of   the  city,  making  it   ahout 
si,\   miles  in  length.      Mr.    Steel  is  also  inter- 
ested,  and  half  ownei.  in    the   Oregon    Pottery 
CoinpaTiy.      It    was  organized   in   1884,  in  N'o- 
vemlier.  1890.  the  works  were  consnmfd  hy  lire. 
They  have  heen   replaced  hy  a   large  and   \alna. 
hie  plant,  which  is  one  of  the  liest  in  the  coun 
try,  and   which    turns  out    larj^e  ipiantities  of 
sewer  pipe,     lie  has  also   started  the   Klamath 
River  Lumher  and   Imjjrovtruent  Company   in 
Bonthern  Oregon    and  northern  California,   for 
the  jMirpose  of   niannfactnrir)g  lumher,   which 
is  destined  to  be  an  extensive  and  paying  enter- 
prise. 

On  the  29th  of  .November,  18()(i,  Mr.  Steel 
was  married  to  Mary  l.add,  a  native  of  New 
Hampshire,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  N.  ti.  Ladd. 
They  have  fo\ir  childi'en,  all  born  in  the  city  of 
Portland.  They  are:  Helen  J.,  Carrie  L.. 
James  M.,  anil  Mary  Eva. 

iMr.  Steel  has  always  been  a  IJe|)nblican.  and 
was  a  strong  Uni(jn  man.  He  has  nevei'  ca- 
ce|)ted  olticc,  aside  from  having  been  school  di- 
rector of  the   city.      At   the   last  session  of   the 


Legislature,  a  bill  was  passed  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  Willamette  river  and  the  port  of 
I'ortlaiiil,  so  that  ships  of  large  size  could  navi- 
gate the  river.  I>y  this  bill,  ,i  commission  of 
fifteen  was  formed,  of  which  he  was  one,  with 
power  to  issne$oOO,000  in  bonds,  and  levy  an  an- 
nual tax  for  the  comj)letion  of  the  work.  When 
the  commission  organized,  he  was  elected  treas- 
urer, and  is  still  acting  in  that  capacity. 

In  religions  matters.  Mi'.  Steel  has  been  an 
active  and  useful  member  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational (Jhnrch,  in  the  several  capacities  of 
Deacon,  Su|)erintendent  of  the  Sunday-school 
and  Trustee  and  Treasurer  of  the  society.  He 
aided  in  bnlkliug  their  present  house  of  wor- 
ship, in  1870,  and  is  now  assisting  in  the  erec- 
tion of  their  present  handsome  edifice,  which  is 
to  cost  .^100,000. 

llis  jud;j;inent  is  often  souirlit  and  hi^jhly  val- 
ued on  all  matters,  both  public  and  private, 
and  his  whole  life  has  been  one  of  helpfulness 
to  his  fellow-men,  and  of  emulation  to  the  ris- 
ing generation. 


fOHN  (i.  TONER,  a  well-known  and  enter- 
jirising  citizen,  ot  Spring  Valley,  I'olk 
county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Missouri, 
.Vjiril  8,  1822,  and  was  the  son  of  William 
Toner,  native  of  Pennsylvania.  They  sprang 
from  a  family  who  were  early  settlers  in  that 
State,  and  who  claim  a  mixture  of  German  and 
Scotch  lilood  in  their  ancestry.  Mr.  Toner's 
father  married  Matilda  Greer,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  they  had  four  children. 

John  G.  was  reared  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
until  ISl-l.  when  ho  went  to  Illinois  and  en- 
gaged as  engineer  on  the  river,  making  St. 
Louis  his  lieadi|uarters.  In  1852  he  came  to 
Oregon,  via  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  arrived  in 
Portland,  December  7,  1852.  Here  he  was  en- 
gajjed  in  engineering  on  the  steamboats  on  the 
Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers,  on  the  latter 
as  far  up  as  Eugene  City,  and  on  the  Colum- 
bia as  far  as  Astoria  at  one  end.  to  the  Cascades 
at  the  other.  During  the  thirty-eight  years  he 
was  in  this  business,  he  never  met  with  an  ac- 
cident while  in  cliarge  of  the  engines,  although 
he  was  on  a  boat  when  she  sank  on  the  Missouri, 
and  on  one  on  the  Willamette  when  this  boat 
also  Haid<.  In  187.")  be  retired  from  boatini;, 
mid  came  to  Spring  Valley  ami   purchased   313 


HISTOIIY    OF    O/iKOOX. 


SO 


aores  of  lurid,  and  stranj^c  to  relate,  the  iiiiin 
who  had  s])ciit  his  life  on  the  watei'  wttled 
down  into  a  sucfessi'nl  farnicr.  Ills  farm  is 
sitnated  on  the  west  side  of  the  Willamette,  half 
a  mile  ahove  the  vilhii^e  of  !,ineoln.  Here  he 
has  resided  for  the  piist  seventeen  yeai's.  Soon 
after  the  |inr(diase  of  his  land  he  lionifht  a 
thre>her,  and  dnrin<j;  the  threshini^  season  ran  it, 
and  he  now  owns  one  of  the  Hnest,  improved 
>teaiii-thre>hers,  with  all  modern  improvements, 
in(dndine;a  cook  house,  whei'e  the  meals  for  the 
men  are  cooked.  Mr.  Toner  has  manaireil  this 
hraneh  of  the  hnsiness  very  snceessfnlly,  and 
has  threshed  a  larire  portion  of  the  ^rain  in  the 
\alley  for  years. 

He  wa>'mai'ried.  F.-LiiiaiT  22.  LS4'J.  to  NFiss 
^^al•y  Saueinvein,  a  native  of  Gei'munv,  who 
came  to  the  United  States  when  a  child.'  They 
ha\c  had  nine  I'hildi'cii,  three  of  whom  ui'c  liv- 
ing, ijaniely:  William  M.,  now  residing-  ut 
^  arjuina  Bay;  Fred  i>  a  prominent  yonnjf  mer- 
chant in  Dalla>;  and  Carrie  is  at  home;  Jacol), 
the  eldest  chihl  was  drowned  at  Portland,  when 
twenty-three  yeai's  of  a^e;  Fannie  died  of  (|nick 
consumption  when  in  her  nineteenth  year;  Lani'a 
died  of  tvphoiil  fever  in  hei' twenty-second  year; 
Frank  died  of  typhoid  fever  in  his  ninth  yesr; 
and  Ralph  met  his  death  hy  smotheriiii;;  in  a  liiii 
of   wheat  at  Lincoln,  when  ten  years  old. 

^^r.  and  Mrs.  Tonei-  are  meiiil)er>  of  the 
Sprint  \'alley  I'resliyterian  Chnrch.  and  Mr. 
Toner  i-  a  I)enioci'at  in  politics.  lie  and  his 
wife  are  worthy  reprcsentati\-es  of  the  Oreu-on 
jiioneers. 


'-^^^^^£^ 


fV.O.  I.OWNSD.VLE.— The  ancestors  of 
this  well-kjiown  and  esteemed  Oiecron 
*  pioneer,  were  among  the  early  settlers  of 
Kentucky,  and  there  his  father.  Daniel  Lowns- 
dale,  was  born  and  sidise(|nontly  married  Miss 
Kuth  Ovei'tield,  of  (ierman  descent.  She  was  a 
native  of  the  same  cunntry  as  her  hiishand. 
Receiving  a  mercantile  edncation,  he  located  in 
I'rinceton,  Indiana  and  later  removed  to  (ieor- 
gia,  Avhero  he  contiiuieil  mercantile  life  until 
IS-I'J,  when,  hy  reason  of  Cailinji;  health,  he 
Went  to  Kurope,  retui'iiing  in  1845,  and  joined 
the  tide  of  emii^ration,  erossinir  the  plains  to 
Oregon,  in  whiidi  country  he  arrived  safely,  after 
m  exceedingly  lahorions  journey.  Coming 
direct  to    I'vi'tland,    he    located    on    titO   acre>. 


whi(!h  snlise(jnently  hecame  known  as  the  Amos 
N.  King  claim,  lie  thei-eon  erected  the  lirst 
tHnnery  of  the  Northwest,  and  continued  this 
business  until  IS  tS,  when  he  sold  out  and  pur- 
chased of  F.  W.  Pethygrove,  his  possessory  right 
to  the  Portland  >eetion,  of  which  he  remained  the 
Sole  owner  until  1S40.  when  he  sold  one-half 
interest  to  vStejihen  Coflin.  .Mr.  Lownsdale  then 
established  a  small  ti'a  ling-po>r  or  store  at  the 
little  xillacre  of  Portland,  which  he  continued 
about  one  yeai',  and  then,  becoming  imbued  with 
the  feeling  that  the  site  of  Portland  would  be 
the  commercial  center  of  the  Northwest,  he  sold 
his  store  and  devoted  all  his  time  and  enthu- 
siasm to  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the 
town.  In  1850  be  built  the  Columbian  Hotel 
on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Front  streets, 
at  that  time  the  finest  hotel  of  the  Northwest. 
This  was  mamiged  in  Hrst-class  style,  but  with 
the  growth  of  the  town,  it  has  passed  away, 
and  its  [ilaee  i.s  occupied  by  a  more  modern 
brick  structure. 

CotKn  (fc  Lownsilale  sold  one-third  iiiterest  in 
the  Portland  section  to  (3olonel  W.  W.  Chap- 
man, and  dui'ing  18ol)  a  syndicate  was  organ- 
ized which  purchased  the  stininier  (iold  Hunter, 
to  run  between  Porthiud  and  San  Francisco. 
As  a  pioneer  enterprise  this  was  the  means  of 
opening  navigation  between  those  two  cities, 
but  through  San  Franeiseo  capitalists  getting  a 
controling  interest,  the  vessel  was  diverted  to 
the  southern  coast,  wluch  resulteil  in  financial 
loss  to  the  Portland  .-toekholders,  and  a  litiua- 
tion,  which  it  took  years  to  settle.  Mr.  Lowns- 
dale was  instrumental  in  laying  out  inucdiof  the 
city  of  J'ortland.  and  was  foremost  in  every 
public  improvement,  as  establishing  echool- 
liouses  and  (diurches.  Though  suffering  heavy 
!  financial  loss,  his  taith  in  the  city  and  her  mag- 
iiitieent  future  continued  to  the  date  of  his 
death,  in  18i52. 

.1.  P.  ().  Lownsdale  was  born  in  Princeton, 
Indianai  January  1,  1S30,  hut  was  in  infancy 
de])rived  of  a  mother's  watidifulness.  Living 
with  bis  father  and  two  older  sisters  until  seven 
years  old,  he  was  taken  by  his  uncle,  F.  T.  Over- 
field,  to  Fredericktcwn.  Missouri,  and  there 
passed  his  boyhood  and  securcil  such  an  educa 
tion  as  was  ottered  by  the  common  schools  and 
the  hicrh  school.  At  the  a<>;e  of  sixteen  he  re 
turned  to  Princeton,  and  with  another  uncle 
secured  a  good  mercantile  education,  he  being 
extensively  eniraaeil  in  ireneral  tnercanti 


th, 


pr 


poiluce    l)usiness. 


It- 


pack- 
emaininf; 


864 


IirsroRY    OF    OllEGON. 


Isiil 


II    » 


f'il-  J 


until  twenty oiii',  lie  tlicn  ^tiiiluil  for  ()i'e:;iin 
to  join  liig  fatiii'i'.  ioiiniuviiijf  tlio  iisiial  way  in 
tliosu  iliiys,  iici'o.sH  I'linimiii,  aiiii  iii'rivcMl  in  I'oi't- 
liuui,  wliiTc  he  fiilidwcil  a  iiu'rcantilc  lite  niilil 
iSoiJ,  when  lie  joiiu'il  a  party  ori^'anizt'ij  liy 
IJiiani  Siiiitli,  to  icliirii  to  the  Ivist  on  iior.so- 
l>ai!i<.  across  the  jilains.  lu-  tliiMi  rctnrnoi)  to 
I'rini'etoii,  ami  in  i)artiu'r>iii|i  with  lii>  iincli', 
iL'siiiiU'd  the  niercaiiliie  liii.-iiiois. 

lie  wa.-  iniirrii'ij  in  1S5I,  to  Miss  Saraii  U. 
Milhurii,  chiiiji;hter  of  Koiiert  Milhnrn,  a  lcai.1- 
ing  imsino.-s  man  of  I'rinci'ton.  Ilu  euntinnc<l 
in  '!iC  iniMTantilc  life  until  IXtU.  wliun.  owini^ 
to  the  failure  of  his  father'^  health,  he  again 
visited  t>reo;oii,  anil  was  there  induced  to  return 
t^^  IVinccton,  ami  close  out  his  litisiiiess,  and 
make  Tortland  his  future  home.  Durinif  his 
absence  his  father  dieil,  and  returning  to  Port- 
land, he  took  out  letters  of  administration,  and 
passed  several  years  in  straightening  out  the 
coujplexities  of  his  father's  estate,  which  he 
finally  aeeomi)lishe<l  to  the  satisfaction  of  all 
iiarties.  lie  then  enoai^ed  in  the  real-estate 
l)usiiicss  in  which  he  has  liecu  i|uite  active  for 
the  past  thii-tcen  year.-,  doing  a  general  business 
in  city  and  acre  property,  and  also  in  buililing 
houses  and  residences.  Jlr.  and  Mrs.  Lowns- 
dale  have  three  chililren:  Agues  II.,  now  Mrs. 
fv  M.  Hall;  Charles  1).,  and  .lohn  Nf.  Mr. 
fiownsdale  is  in  politics  a  Ue|iul)lican,  and  has 
been  honored  hy  his  ])ai'ty  with  a  position  of 
Commissioner  on  the  County  Hoard,  and  as 
City  ('ouncilman  for  several  years.  In  luisi 
tiess  he  is  atl'able  aud  courtly,  and  dci'ply  inter- 
ested in  the  development  of  his  adopted  city 
and  State. 


l.\MrF,L  K.  VOCXG,  a  repre.-entative 
business  niau  and  inllueutial  citizen  of 
Albany.  O rei.ro n,  was  boru  in  llolmesville, 
Ilohnes  coiinly,  Ohio,  in  183!^.  His  father 
Isaac  Vouujf,  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  but  ii, 
boyhoiMl  with  his  father's  family,  removeil  to 
(Miio,  wlu're  he  learnecl  and  woi'ked  at  the  trade> 
of  carpenter  and  millwright.  He  was  married 
in  Ohio,  to  .Miss  Keliecca  Korris,  a  native  of 
New  York  State.  In  the  year  1844.  he  removed 
to  Van  linreii  cnunty.  Iowa,  whei'c  he  continued 
ineehanical  work.  In  185~,  acroi  .jianied  by 
hi.-  wife  and  their   two   children,    he   turiic'l    hi- 


face  in  the  direction  of  the  setting  sun,  with 
Oregon  for  his  destination.  Traxcling  with  o.\ 
teams,  in  a  snudl  train,  their  progress,  consider- 
ing the  motive  power,  wa.-  ra|)id;  and  their 
journey,  excepting  the  incidentul  hardships  of 
ovei'land  travel,  was  pleasant  and  comfortable. 
.Vrrived  by  land  as  far  as  the  I)alles,  they  cm- 
barked  on  the  Columbia  river,  landing  in  Port- 
land, in  November,  1IS52.  They  passed  their 
tir-t  year  on  Tualitin  Plains,  from  wlieri'  they 
went  to  lienton  county,  opposite  Alba"y,  where 
Mr.  Young  purcliase<l  150  acres  of  lan<l,  and 
engaged  in  fanning  until  18t)2.  He  then  sohl 
his  jilace  and  renu)ved  to  the  city  of  Alliany, 
resuming  carpentry,  in  which  em|)loyment  he 
continueil  until  the  time  of  his  di^ath,  in  1882, 
aged  si.\ty-se\en  years.  His  widow  still  survives 
at  the  age  of  seveuty-t'ight. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  receiveil  the  greater 
part  of  his  schooling  in  Iowa,  his  education 
liaving  been  principallv  gained  in  the  practical 
ami  active  e\pei'ien<'es  ot  life.  He  crossed  the 
plain.-  with  his  parent.-,  locating  with  them  in 
I'eiiton  county,  where  with  the  exception  of 
one  yeiu'  s])ent  at  school  in  Albauv,  ami  tw(j 
years  spent  in  Siskiyou  county,  California,  min- 
ing, he  spent  his  time  farming.  From  ls58  to 
18(10  he  was  mining  at  French  bar,  on  .Scott 
river,  in  California,  but  did  not  make  much 
uu)ney.  He  began  his  mei-cautile  life  in  18()3, 
as  a  clerk  in  the  general  merchandise  store  of 
Demas  Peach,  of  Albany,  wlii're  he  renuiined 
until  iStif).  He  then  enterel  into  partnership 
with  .lohn  Parrows  and  L.  K.  Plain,  under  the 
firm  mime  of  •!.  Harrows  it  Co.,  engaging  in  the 
sale  of  geiu'ral  merchandise  and  agricultural 
im]ilements.  Their  store  was  opened  in  tlio 
Hrst  brick  iuiihling  ever  erected  in  Albany,  the 
workmanship  of  Walter  and  .lohn  .Mouteitli, 
which  was  located  on  I'"irst  street,  between 
Ferry  and  Washington  streets.  In  1873  ^fr. 
Harrows  I'etired.  and  the  firm  of  Plain,  Young 
iV:  Co.,  continued  business  untill8T5,  when  Mr. 
Young  purchased  Mi'.  Plain's  interest,  Novem- 
ber y,  1882,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  p], 
Fggert  ami  Waller  E.  Terrell,  from  which,  how- 
ever. Mr.  Young  retired  three  years  later.  He 
remaiiu'd  in  the  tatne  locality  iiutil  the  fall  of 
ISMI.  when  he  removed  to  his  own  building,  at 
that  time  just  completed,  on  the  corner  of  First 
and  Proadalbin  streets.  This  building  is  4S^ 
X  1(13  feet,  two  story  brick  with  stone  basement. 
Mr.  Yo\ing  then  discoiitiuutM]  the  agricultural 
implement  department,  c(uitiuuing  with    a    full 


iiffiTony  of  oRKnoN.  - 


81(5 


.-•tuck  111'  gunoriil  iiu'rcliaiuli^e.  'I'lic  >Iijc1<  war- 
(liviiied  into  (lepiii'tincrits.  for  the  coiivt'iiit'iicc 
(if  cnstiiiner  anu  [ii'opiit'tor. 

Tlie  subject  of  uiir  >kt't('li  was  inarrit'il  in 
Will  county.  Illinois,  in  1871.  to  Miss  XiKniii 
Altliouse.  'I'liey  imvc  one  cliilil,  I'crcy  A.,  who 
is  now  at  ('ollei;((  at  Monniontli,  Illinois. 

.Mr.  Young  is  a  liepnlilican  in  jiolitics,  Imt 
is  no  otfici'-seeker.  He  is  one  of  the  incorpor- 
ators of  the  First  Natii^nal  Hank  of  Albany,  of 
which  he  is  vice-president.  His  life  has  been 
devoted  to  Ids  business  interests,  whieli  Inive 
been  conducted  on  the  high  plane  of  honesty 
and  intej^rity,  and  his  success  is  the  reward  of 
concentrated  cU'ort  and  ])ersistent  application. 

,^.y^^^ 


^AVII)  ('.  STEWART,  a  prominent  citizen 
of  Forest  (Jrove,  Oregon,  widely  and  fav- 
orably known  as  one  of  those  |)ionceis  who 
assisted  in  reclaiming  the  Northwest  from  its 
primeval  wildernefs,  was  born  in  Ohio,  .S'ptein- 
ber  7,  1840.  Although  many  of  his  early  (tom- 
pters  in  this  country  have  gone  to  their  reward, 
be(ineathing  a  rich  legacy,  secured  by  their  la- 
l)ors,  to  future  generations,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  spared  to  reap  the  results  of  his  own 
energy  and  perseverance,  and  like  an  oak  ti-ee. 
which  has  bowed  before  the  storms  of  winter, 
now  basks  in  the  summer  sunshine  of  prosperity. 
lie  comes  of  a  family  of  |)ionecrs,  his  pater- 
nal grandparents  iniving  been  early  settlers  of 
Newark,  Licking  county,  Ohio,  where  his  Ca- 
tlier,  nenjamin  E.  Stewart,  was  boi'u  in  1815. 
Benjamin  learned  the  saddlers'  trade  in  early 
life  and  worked  at  that  trade  for  a  time,  but 
later  was  exclusively  engaged  in  agricultural 
jinrsuits,  which  he  followed  cncrgt'ticallv  and 
scientifically  and  was  rewarded  with  success. 
In  I8;{(i  he  nnirried  Nfiss  Ann  Orundiakei',  an 
intelligent  lady  of  German  |)arentage  and  a  tui- 
tive  of  the  Keystone  State.  After  mari-iagc,  he 
continut'cl  for  some  years  to  reside  in  Ohio,  un- 
til, in<luced  by  rumors  of  the  Oovernnient's  lib- 
eral doTiations  of  land  to  actual  settlers  of  Ore- 
gon. couj)led  with  favorable  rejiorts  of  the 
clinuite  and  agricultural  advantages  <if  that 
country,  he  determined  to  emigiati'  to  the  great 
Noi'thwest.  Accordingly,  with  his  wife  and 
four  children,  he  turned  his  face  toward  the  set- 
ting sun,  going  by  water  to  Inde|)endence, 
Missouri,  wbeiv    he    secured  the  usual  outfit  of 


lli<;  early  emigrants,  and  in  .\pi'il  started  on 
the  long  journey  across  the  plain>.  behind  the 
swinging  gait  of  their  o\en.  I'heir  journey  was 
uneventful  and  accomplished  in  >afety.  In  the 
niountiuns.  near  I'endleton.  another  son  was 
born,  and  owing  to  the  ill  health  id'  his  family. 
Mr.  Stewait  came  near  stopping  jur  the  winter 
at  I  >!•.  Whitman's,  a  I'rotestant  Nli^sion  of  east- 
ern <  )regon,  but  fortunately  did  not  do  so,  as  he 
and  his  fannly  wonlil  in  all  jn'obabilit}'  have 
fallen  victims  to  the  terrible  massacre  b^-  the 
Indians,  which  occui'red  soon  afterward.  'J'hey 
iiursiied  theii'  way,  and  in  ( tctober  arrived  in 
Yam  Hill  county,  and  shortly  afterward  settled 
on  a  donation  claim  of  (>ftl  m'ws,  in  North  Yam 
Hill  valley.  Here  ^^r.  Stiiwart  built  a  log 
cabin,  and  with  the  few  utensils  and  hou>ehold 
goods  they  had  br(  ught  with  them,  together 
with  a  few  sheep  rnd  four  yoke  of  o.xen  and 
cows,  tliey  commem.'ed  the  life  of  Oregon  pio- 
neers. From  this  >Miall  beginning,  by  energy 
and  perreverai.co,  they  aro...o  to  |iros]ierity  and 
suri'outided  themselves  with  niapy  of  the  com- 
forts of  life  and  had  something  to  spare  to  those 
less  fortunate.  Tliree  children  were  added  to 
the  family  iti  this  Western  home,  all  of  whom 
attained  maturity  and  retlected  credit  on  the 
laud  of  their  birth.  On  the  call  for  volunteers 
to  del'end  the  State  against  the  Indians,  the  fa- 
ther tendered  his  services,  and  during  the  win- 
ter of  l^^.").")  '.'■)l),  took  part  in  the  Yakima  Indian 
war,  under  Captain  A.  I'.  Ankeny  and  Colonel 
Cornelius.  In  these  days  of  abundance,  it  is 
ditticult  to  realize  the  hardships  endured  by 
thi'se  early  soldiers,  who  were  only  saved  from 
starvation  by  eating  horse  tlesh.  On  the  e.\|)i- 
ration  of  his  term  of  service.  Mr.  Stewart  re- 
turned to  his  home  on  his  claim,  and  continued 
to  reside  there  until  his  death  in  .\ugust,  1.S77, 
in  his  sixty-second  yeai'.  He  is  remembered  by 
nuiny  as  a  man  of  sterling  traits  of  character, 
(juiet  and  unassundng,  of  genial  disposition, 
whom  to  know  was  to  respect  and  esteem.  He 
w.is  a  Republican  in  politics  and  a  strong  Union 
num.  at  a  time  when  these  sentiments  meant 
sonu'thing  more  than  words.  He  was  an  earn- 
est member  of  the  Methodist  Church  and  led  an 
honest  and  exemplary  ('hristian  life.  Mrs. 
Stewart  still  survives,  in  the  seventy-second 
year  of  her  age,  and  resides  on  the  donation 
claim,  which  she  helped  to  reclaim  from  a  wil- 
derness. She  is  surrounded  by  her  children 
and  friends  and  is  passing  in  peace  the  evening 
of  an  active  iiud  iiseful    life,      fjke  her  husband 


8(1(1 


iiisnuiY  OF  oitnaoN. 


W\'  i 


she  is  n  wortliy  iiiL'iiil)cr  of  tlio  Metlidiliht 
Clmi-C'li,  ami  liUu  liim.  Iiii>  always  cxfinplitiiMl 
its  teacliiiii^s  in  iioi-  iilV.  'I'iie  tJDors  of  tiiuic 
lidiiie  lia\x'  always  lici'ii  ojicii  and  their  laliics 
B|iri!ad  i'or  tiiosu  in  want.  All  hut  two  of  their 
(iliililrcn  aro  liviiiij:  Minnia.  the  <il(l{',-l.  is  the 
wife  of  Hon.  l,e.  l,aiij,'hliii,  of  North  Vain  Hill; 
David  C,  the  seeond  in  order  of  hirth.  is  the 
subject  of  this  sketcli;  lOniin^rer  is  largely  in- 
terested in  stoek-raisin-;  ill  (iraiit  eoiinty.' Ore- 
gon;  .lames  Y..  liied  ill  his  txwnty-nintii  year, 
leaviiio;  a  wife  and  two  children;  (irville  ivMiles 
ill  Whitman  eoiinty,  Washiniiton ;  Moiitgoinery 
lives  in  North  Vain  Hill;  frances  A.,  married 
.lolin  Fox,  and  died  in  lur  twenty-seveiitli  year, 
leaving  a  hushaiul  and  two  eliildren;  and  Eva. 
married  to  .1.  II.  .Stewart,  resides  with  her 
mother  at  Ncn-tli  Yam  Hill. 

David  C.  Stewart,  whofi'  name  heads  this 
hiogra|ihy,  was  only  seven  years  of  age  at  the 
time  his  parents  crossed  the  |ilain>.  but  even 
then  took  his  part  in  helpiiii;  forward  the  jour- 
ney, by  driving  the  little  (lock  of  sheep.  His 
early  life  in  Oregon  was  pas>ed  on  the  claim, 
after  which  he  attended  school  in  Forest  Grove, 
where  one  of  his  teachers  was  the.  well-known 
])ionecr,  Mr.  D.  C.  I.atiirette.  On  arriving  at 
a  suitable  ai^e.  he  cni^aged  jointly  with  his  fa- 
ther in  farmiiio-.  with  whom  he  continued  until 
he  was  twenty-five  year>  of  iige. 

In  ISfio  he  married  Miss  Mary  I.ee.  a  nativi' 
of  Missouri,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  I'riTi'Z. 
Her  lather.  Augustus  Lee,  was  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, and  diei]  of  cholera  o\\  the  plains  when 
on  ills  w.ay  to  the  Xiu'thwesl.  His  widow  and 
two  of  the  three  children  \\\m  accompanied  her 
oil  that  sad  journey  still  survive.  She  is  now 
ill  her  eightieth  year  and  resides  in  Forest 
Grove,  a  worthy  icpre.-eiilative  of  the  |)ioneer 
women  of  ( )re<i;oii. 

After  their  marriage,  Mr.  , and  .Mrs.  Stewart 
settle<l  oil  his  land  in  North  \am  Hill  valley, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  st(jck-raising, 
which  liii>ine»  he  has  since  successfully  fid- 
lowed.  He  was  one  of  the  lirst  to  import  Hol- 
stein  cattle  in  the  .State,  and  lia>  since  been  East 
several  times  to  add  to  his  original  importatuui. 
In  ls8()  he  bought  »!5(l  acres  of  valuable  land, 
situated  a  inili'  and  a  half  southwest  of  Forest 
(iidve,  to  which  lie  soon  afterwaiHJ  removed  his 
family.  For  the  jiiirpoM'  of  educating  his  chil- 
dren at  the  Pacific  I'liiversity,  he  removed,  in 
Is'.IO,  to  Fore>t  (irovc.  where  he  had  iirevionsly 
bought  lots  and  erected  a  coiiif(jrtable  re-'deiice. 


He  still  supi'rinteiids  his  farm,  wliieh  is  one  of 
the  best  cultivated  places  in  the  county.  Mr 
and  Mr>.  Stewart  have  three  children:  Horace 
D..  I.oring  V.,  and  Emma  E.,  all  of  whom  are 
in  collegi'  in  Forest  (irove,  taking  the  classical 
Course,  wliicli  the  two  former  will  linisli  with 
the  present  school  year,  rolitically,  Mr.  Stew- 
art is  a  stanch  Iiepiiblican,  a*^  his  lather  was  be- 
fore him.  Keligioiisly.  lie  is  a  Free-thinker. 
II.'  is  a  Fast  Ma'^er  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  As  a 
husband,  father,  and  citi/eii  lie  has  over  been 
characterized  by  ability,  energy  and  integrity, 
and  stands  deserveilly  high  in  the  esteem  of  his 
coiiimniiitv. 


'>^;i^->><'-^;t:>^^^ 


fOIIN  W.  MEKEDITH  emigrated  to  tlie 
State  of  Oregon  in  185)!,  and  (jcciipics  a 
„^  place  among  lier  foremost  citizens,  lie  is 
aiiati\c()f  New  'I'ork.  born  July  ~7,  ISiil,  a 
Son  of  Hugh  Meredith,  also  a  native  of  New- 
York,  whose  ancestors  crossed  the  sea  to  the 
New  World  before  the  war  of  the  lievoliition. 
Iloniarried  Miss  Elizabeth  Lewis  of  the  State  of 
New  ^'ork.and  to  tliein  were  born  nine  children, 
eight  of  whom  survive.  .John  W.  received  his 
elemeiilaiy  education  in  the  common  scliools, 
and  later  was  sent  to  Floy<l  Academy.  His  first 
business  experience  was  in  thi'  cajiacity  of  clerk 
in  a  general  store,  but  as  he  grew  older  he  de- 
termined upon  a  professional  life,  and  chose  that 
of  medicine;  he  read  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
(iellet.  but.  before  he  hail  made  great  attain- 
ment in  the  science,  he  shipped  for  the  I'acitic 
coast,  coming  \  ia  the  Isthmus,  ,1  iily  :iS,  1S.")3, 
liearri\ed  in  I'ortland,  a  straiiirer,  witlioiit  means. 
It  was  such  situations  that  tested  the  metal  of 
ihe  pionecM's.  and  brought  itito  jilay  all  their  fa- 
culties and  i|uickened  their  wits.  He  wasobliged 
to  accept  any  work  that  came  to  his  hand, 
and  foratimehe  was  engaged  in  rolling  logs  and 
clearing  land.  He  then  mined  for  a  year,  meet- 
ing with  fair  success.  He  invested  the  means 
thus  acciimnlateil  in  laud  in  jieiilon  county.  Ore- 
gon, where  he  followed  farming  I'or  two  years; 
at  the  expiration  of  that  period  he  disposed  of 
the  |)ro|)erty  and  went  to  California,  where  he 
was  ill  the  employ  of  the  <  io\eriiment  for  a 
time.  He  next  went  on  a  prosjiecting  trip  to 
Inyo  county,  which  jiroxed  a  ••  fool's  errand."' 

In   ISIi-I  be  came  to  Salem  and  began  a  team- 
ing and  (baying  business,  which  sonn  assumed 


tf/srniiv  III-'  oitunos 


m 


MX     illl|ll>l'lilllCM'    ill    llu'     ('(Plllll        icilll     cil'lll'S    (if     llic 

|ilHCf;  lit' foriiii'il  II  j)ai'tiieislii|)  with  <>.  \(|llll|^, 
Hiid  tlioy  CI  inducted  a  r-iiccessriil  liii>iiu'es  I'nr 
three  yearn.  Ayiiiii  liis  ohi  desire  for  a  i)i'iife> 
liidiiiil  liTe  arnsc.  and  hi-  ciitered  the  oflicc  nf  ii 
dentist,  and  t'nr  three  years  worked  and  studied 
under  tiie  diirction  (if  a  skilled  'i[i(Tator.  Ifr 
tlien  ojicncd  iii  i-tHce,  wiiich  lie  has  ncciipicil 
for  twenty-till ee  years;  he  lias  met  \vith  f^nilify- 
ing  success,  and  if  lie  lias  not  t'lilly  reiili/cd  the 
dream  of  his  yoiitii.  he  has  {woven  a  useful  citi- 
zen and  an  honor  to  his  profession. 

Mr.  Meri'ilitli  was  married  in  1850,  to  Miss 
.Millie  .\.  .\dams,  a  native  of  Indiana  and  a 
daufjlitcr  of  ('.  Adams,  who  eniii;rated  to  •  )rc- 
^ron  in  18r)2;  he  died  in  .Inly,  WM.  Mr.  and 
.N[rs.  Afcirdiui  are  the  parent-  f  two  ehililreii, 
Frank  and  .lennetfe;  the  son  i-  i  hookkeeper  in 
the  liank  of  WilliaiiisiVt  Kni^laiid.  nnd  tln'  dau;4h- 
ter  is  a  steii'ic^rrapher  in  the  Slate  Insurance 
office.  Wr.  .Nfcrcdith  is  a  I'ast  Master  of  tin 
A.  ().  U.  W.,  and  is  a  ^^a8ter  Mason.  He  wii~ 
the  first  Assessor  of  Josephine  county  in  185(>, 
and  hii-  represented  a  Itepnliliean  constituency 
in  the  City  (Council  of  Salem.  lie  is  a  strong 
advocate  of  teniperancf.  and  casts  iiis  siifl'racrc 
with  tlie  Prohibition  party.  He  isamemherof 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  tJhnrcii,  and  is  a  citizen 
strictly  reliatile  and  honoralile  in  all  his  deal- 
ings. ' 


fKTKU  lIAUPKUisonoof  tivoof  theoldest 
coiit  ill  nous  residents  of  Dilley.  tiie  otjiers 
lieiiig  Mr.  Stephen  I'lank,  Dr.  Marsh.  Dr. 
Bowlhy  and  Mr.  Koliert  M.  Porter.  Mr.  Har- 
per niadv  his  appearance  on  the  scene  of  this  nni- 
nicipal'ty  in  18tj5,  since  which  time  he  has  taki>n 
a  prominent  part  in  its  transactions,  and  licen 
an  interested  observer  of  its  growth  and  pros- 
jterity. 

He  M'as  born  in  (^onnersville,  Indiana,  Sep- 
tember 18,  18){(i.  His  father.  Martin  Harper, 
was  a  iiativ(>  of  Xashville,  Tennessee,  wliilc  his 
jrrandfather,  Isaac  Harper,  was  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, and  a  celebrated  Presbyterian  minister, 
who  caino  to  America  soon  after  the  Revolution- 
ary war.  locatinif  at  JJashville,  Tennessee.  He 
later  removed  to  Polk  county,  of  the  same  State, 
where  he  died  in  his  ninetieth  year,  oreatly  la- 
mented by  all  who  liad  ever  known  him  or  iiad 
heard  of  his  jrood  work,  wiiich  was  pursued  uii- 
iiiterinittingly    with   all   the  zeal   of  an  ardent 


nature;  until  tiie  time  of  iiis  death,  ili^  son, 
till'  father  of  our  subject,  was  reared  in  Teiincs 
bei'.  and  married  Miss  Mary  liiirtoii,  in  i.exin;; 
ton,  K'entucky.  She  was  horn  in  \'irgiiiia,  and 
was  a  <l:iiighter  of  Mr.  William  I'lirton,  a  highly 
respected  citizen  of  Lexington.  Tiiey  raised 
eiiflit  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  livinir. 
The  lather  died  in  SlicHv  I'oiinty,  Tennessee,  in 
l8o7,  a^ed  sixty-five  years,  his  faithful  wife  sur- 
viving until  1873,  expiring  in  her  sixty-ninth 
year,  amidst  a  host  of  sorrowing  friends,  to 
wlioin  she  had  endeared  herself  by  the  practice 
of  the  highest  (Jhristian  virtues,  licii;htened  by 
the  proni|itin>;s  of  a  naturally  loving  heart. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  tifth  child, 
and  was  reardl  in  Indiana,  where  he  received  a 
common  school  education.  He  commenced  to 
work  at  the  shoemaker's  trade  on  June  10,  1853, 
in  Paris  llliiuiis,  and  remained  there  for  live 
years,  working  for  his  employer  one  year  after 
iiis  time  of  apprenticeshii)  had  expired,  .\ftcr 
this,  he  followed  his  trade  as  a  joiirneyiiiau  in  Il- 
linois, Missouri  and  Kansas.  In  ISIJO  he  went 
to  Montana,  where  he  mined  a  year,  and  then 
crossed  tlie  plains  to  ( )iv:ron.  There  were  five 
in  his  party  overland,  and  they  had  a  very  en  joy- 
able  trip.  Tliis  party  went  from  Colorado  to 
Montana,  and  from  there  they  managed  to  camp 
with  large  <'ompaiiies  that  were  coining  o\er. 
The  Indians  were  very  hostile  that  year,  and  had 
been  known  in  some  instances  to  kill  whole 
trains  of  emigrants,  but  this  party  fortunately 
came  through  in  safety.  They  came  from  Vir- 
ginia City  to  Boise  City,  a  distance  of  500  mib's. 
and  from  thereto  ttie  Dalles,  another  distance  of 
500  miles,  and  thence  down  tlie  river  trail  to 
Portlan  ',   ( )rciion. 

He  worked  in  .Vetoria,  Oregon,  for  six  weeks, 
and  comp'cled  the  year  in  Portland,  ai  icr  which 
he  came  to  Forest  (trove,  where  for  ten  years 
he  was  the  only  slioemaker  and  repairer  in  the 
place.  His  first  shop  was  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Congregational  Church,  wliere  he  remained 
for  si.\  years.  He  then  purcliased  land  on  the 
corner  of  Walnut  and  I'iiie  streets,  the  property 
measuring  2;!  x  70  t'eet  on  Pine,  and  4(i  x  ;J()  feet 
on  Walnut  street,  paying  .*!3"i;i  for  what  could 
not  bo  bought  to-ilay  for  twice  that  amount. 
Here  he  worked  until  1877.  when  he  removed 
to  his  present  location  on  Walnut  street.  He 
has  been  a  shoemaker  for  forty  years,  twenty- 
seven  of  whicli  have  been  spent  in  Forest  Grove, 
illnstratinu;  what  honest  industry  can  accom- 
plish, as  he  has  purchased  and  paid  for  a  farm  of 


808 


HtsrORY    OF    OliKdON. 


11 


'\  .]   \ 


100  acres,  uotn|ii-i8in^  »oiin<  of  tliu  clioii'eot  ngri- 

ciiltiirul  liiMil  in  iliu  uunntry,  iiusiiluB  uwiiiiig  vitl- 
iml)le  city  pr(i|i('i'ty, 

Wit  liavo  tlirwo  ri'iniifliiilile  tliii)<^Hti)  clironii'lu 
iif  liiiii,  wliiirli  liuvf  iicvui',  tliiit  we  know  of,  lieeii 
coiiibinuci  ill  one  pcrguii,  tliiiH  rendering  liiiii 
iiniiiue.  Ill*  liiis  (ilistaincd  from  iimrryiiiij;  liiii* 
niu'er  joincil  any  society,  and  lia«  iii'vor  lioii^lit 
a  ijlas.s  of  liijiior  at  any  liar.  Wc  soiiictinif^ 
tind  tlioso  wiio  have  Hluimicd  tiic  latt'-r  two,  imt 
ail  (d'  llit'sc  JinM!  BiicciiiiiiuMl  to  tiu'  darts  from 
tlic  iiriglit  cyt's  of  Kvo's  bewitcliiii^'  daiii^litors, 
and  not  to  have  done  so  iiiarl<s  iiiiii  a^  a  man  of 
unusual  strenjitii  of  (diaracter  and  jfrcat  resistiiii; 
powers. 

Wlieii  l)i!t  eii;lit  years  of  uurc  he  had  the  inis- 
fortiine  to  in'  bitten  by  a  venomous  snai<e,  and 
bcdcire  a  jihv>ieiaii  could  l)e  |)ro('iirud.  the  poison 
had  spread  throni;li  his  system,  and  it  was  be- 
lieved to  have  caeeed  the  bone  to  iiave  become 
niii-oiind,  because  at  a  later  date,  he  tell  and 
broke  that  Iccj,  iiccessitatiiif^  its  amputation.  As 
attestiiifj  tlie  extreme  purity  of  his  blood,  im- 
mediately attributable  to  his  abstemious  habits, 
may  lie  ineiitioneil  the  fact  of  the  wound  having 
healed  in  <(ne  month's  time  alter  the  paiid'ul 
amputation.  A  fact,  which  the  attending  phy- 
sician. Dr.  I'ailey.eoiisiilered  uiipit"'eclfiited,  and 
eiitirelyowing  totlie  cause  previously  mentioned. 

lie  was  an  ardent  admirer  of  Stephen  .\. 
Douglas,  i.nd  during  his  political  career  was  a 
Douglas  lieiiiocrat,  ami  has  ever  since  remained 
loyal  to  Democracy's  cause, 

Mr.  Ilaipcr  intends  to  visit  the  ('(dumbiaii 
Exposition  in  1>>'J3,  and  the  city  of( 'hicago  will 
have  at  that  time  no  more  worthy  reiireseiitutive 
<d'  American  citi/.ensliip  than  the  honorable  pio- 
ne»'r  of  I'orest  Grove. 


fOSKPII  II.  l.AMl'.KUT  a  prominent  and 
inlhiential  citizen  of  the  mefro|)olis  of  Ore- 
- -^  gon,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Indiana, 
where  lie  was  born  December  1,  1S25.  II is 
father.  Hugh  Nainbert,  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, the  family  being  originally  from  Vir- 
ginia. His  father  married  Miss  Nancy  Mc- 
C'laiii,  a  native  of  Scotland.  They  had  seven 
(diildren,  three  of  whom  now  survive.  Our 
subject  lioiiii;  the  fourth  child. 

He  was   raised   on  a   farm,  where  he   worked 
hard,  being   sent   to  school    three  months  each 


winter.  When  h  young  man,  he  iH^gan  work 
for  himself  as  a  farm  hand  at  ^Kl  a  iiioulh.  In 
l"^!?  lie  removed  to  Iowa,  where,  in  company 
widi  two  others,  he  engaged  in  sawmilling.  it 
was  a  iiorse-power  mill.  He  was  interested  in 
it  for  three  ytars,  making  several  liundred  dol- 
lars. .\t  the  end  of  this  time  he  sold  his  in 
tiM'est,  and  in  1850  came  overland  to  ( >rei,'on, 
leav  ing  Iowa  on  May  1.  '\i\  coinpiiny  with  two 
other  men.  I'liey  had  ti\e  yoke  of  oxen  and  a 
wagon.  .Mr.  Lambert  owning  one-fourth  of  the 
outtit.  Two  others  came  with  them  as  passen- 
gers. Tiiey  were  some  of  the  time  with  or- 
ganized emigrant  trains,  but  found  it  ditHcukto 
agree,  so  Mr.  Lambert  said,  "  I  will  drive  on. 
if  yon  will  follow."  and  he  took  the  lead.  Later, 
they  overtook  emigrants  with  tlieir  families  and 
a  sick  lady,  who  wanted  tlieni  to  wait,  so  they 
could  be  together  In  traveling  down  the  Snake 
river.  This  they  did,  getting  through  safely 
with  all  the  sti  ak  except  one  ox,  arriving  at 
Fester's  Se|iteml)er  14,  1H50. 

One  of  .Sir.  Lambert's  tirst  ventures  was  in 
the  niiiu's  at  Vrid<a,  ('alifornia,  >vhere  he  found 
some  gold,  but,  >ooii  cimiing  to  the  conclur-ion 
that  he  was  not  a  miner,  returned  to  Oregon, 
where  he  secured  emjiloyment  at  (uitting  logs 
in  Milwaukee.  Afterward,  he  hired  on;  to  tlie 
surveyors,  and  helpeil  to  run  the  meridian  lino 
to  I'ligct  sound,  through  what  was  tluui  a  wild 
an<l  uninliabited  reijion.  After  this,  he  returned 
to  Milwaukee,  where  lie  secured  employment  by 
the  month  in  the  sawmill,  later  being  jiaid  by 
the  thousand.  Here  he  continued  I'oi'  a  coiiiile 
of  years.  He  then  found  employment  on  the 
fruit  farm  of  Mr.  .Meek,  at  ^.[ilwuukee,  remain- 
ing there  until  1851. 

He  was  at  this  time  married  to  Miss  Clemen- 
tine Miller,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  a  dai.'gliter 
of  Henry  Miller,  who  was  a  pi(uieer  of  185i3. 
Soon  afterward  he  took  a  donation  claim  of 
82*1  acres  in  the  eastern  part  of  Miiltno'iiali 
county.  Here  he  built  the  customary  log 
cabin  of  the  pioneer,  and  worked  the  land  lor 
four  years.  He  then  returned  to  .Milwaukee, 
where.  1859,  in  comjiany  with  his  father-in-law, 
he  purchased  the  dtuiation  claim  ot  Lewellan 
and  .Meek,  which  had  on  it  one  of  the  tirst  oi'- 
cliards  ever  planted  in  thi^  Slate.  Mr.  Lam- 
bert set  liinisei."  about  improving  the  pro|)ertv. 
adding  to  the  oriliard,  until  it  contained  sixty 
acres,  of  all  vari«!.ie8  of  fruit  which  are  grown 
in  Oregon,  bein  ;  principally  a[»ples.  j)ears, 
peaches,  prunes  a,  d  cherries.      In   1870  he   be- 


msrollY    OF    DHKdOS. 


m\) 


ciiiiiit  sulciiwiicr,  itii<l  it  lii'ciiiiit!  unt;  of  tlic  iiciti!<l 
fruit  ftii'riiH  of  tlio  Stiiti'.  Soiiiu  of  the  fruit 
trt!L'«  won!  |iliintc(l  in  l8t-7,  wliifli  iiro  htill 
lliriviii^'  mill  li(!iiring.  Mr.  l.iiiniiL'rt  (•(iii(luclfii 
it  with  ciiiiiu'iit  success,  anil  rcwidiMJ  on  it  from 
ls5',t  until  IS'JO.  Ilert!  fi},'iit  ciiihlnMi  of  the 
ten  liorii  to  tlicin,  wt'r(!  reareil,  viz.:  Alhert  \V.. 
Henry  M.;  Cnrric.  wife  of  Mr.  K.  '..  K.  Wliite: 
.\lnry,  wife  of  Mr.  A.  15.  (irnliani;  Nellie, 
Kli/.aheth,  Lucy  ami  (irace.  [ii  1S!)0  Mr, 
Laniliert  retired  from  the  farm,  purchasing  a 
couple  of  lots  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  and 
Miirket  htrcctH,  rortland,  at  a  cost  of  Jfdl.dlll). 
erecting  thereon  a  handsoute  and  coininodioiis 
residence,  at  a  cost  of  SJSlo.OdO.  Here,  with  the 
wife  of  his  youth,  the  sharer  of  his  cares  and 
joys  for  thirty-six  years,  and  his  unmarried 
daughters,  he  is  eujoyinj^  the  rest  and  comfort, 
which  is  the  reward  of  a  loni^  lite  ot'  honest 
and  ]ierseverini^  eti'ort.  He  still  owns  his  fruit 
farm,  which  continues  to  engross  much  of  his 
attention.  He  has  other  husiness  interests, 
which  employs  much  of  his  time,  lieinj;  presi- 
dent of  the  Citizens"  ISank  of  rortland,  which 
he  iieljjed  to  organize,  and  of  which  lie  is  a 
stockholder.  He  is  also  pn^siflent  of  the  White 
I'uhlishing  Coinjiauy. 

In  politics,  he  is  a  Ue])ul)licaii,  and  was 
elected  hy  that  party  to  the  otiice  of  County 
Commissioner. 

Of  ipiiet,  MPissHining  habits,  having  a  pecu- 
liar aversioii  to  notoriety  of  any  kind,  he  has. 
])ur8ucd  the  '•  even  tenor  of  his  way,"'  not  uu- 
iioticetl  or  unknown,  hut  iin])roclaiined,  secure 
ill  the  commendation  of  his  own  searching  con- 
science, and  solaced  hy  the  affection  of  his 
family  and  friends. 


-<j-.' 


m^mm*^' 


:il.MAM    C.    TAVKKDALE,   real-estate 
dealer  in  Alhf.ny.  has  for  a  niimher  of 
years  been   identified  with  the  business 
interests  of  I, inn  county,  and  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  this  jilace. 

Mr.  Twcedale  was  born  in  .Vighbnith,  near 
Liverpool,  England,  in  1840.  son  of  UiL-hard 
and  Mary  \.  (Redman)  Twcedale.  His  father 
was  of  Scotch-English  anct'stry,  and  his  mother 
was  of  English  descent,  and  was  snpjiosed  to  be 
directly  related  to  Daniel  Webster,  uccoriliiur  to 
Mr.  Webster's  own  statement.  In  the  year. 
lS4li.  Mrs.  M.  A.  Twcedale,  in  company  of  her 


sou,  William,  emigrated  from  l,i\erpoi.|.  I'.ng- 
land,  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  and  utter  living 
there  a  short  time  went  to  Diixbuiy.  wliei'c  they 
resided  until  ISllI,  then  retiii-ncd  to  Kiinluinl  on 
tlm  vi^sM'l  named  Washinj^ton  Irving,  and  made 
the  trip  fnuri  Hosrton  to  Liverpool  ,  in  eigh'ecn 
day>,  which  was  then  con>ideri'(i  a  (piick  trip. 
They  then  went  to  liangor,  Walc-i,  wdiere  they 
lived  abcjiit  ten  months,  when  tlujy  again  re- 
turned to  England,  just  a  short  time  before 
William  and  his  father  sailed  for  New  ^'ork  on 
their  way  to  Portland,  Connecticut.  It  was 
during  the  time  they  lived  in  l)uxliiiry  that  they 
became  aciiuainted  with  Daniel  Webster,  who 
said  at  that  time  that  he  tlujught  William 
Webster,  of  Liverpool  (Mrs.  Tweedale's  grand- 
father), and  himself  were  related.  Richard 
Twcedale  was  an  exiiert  stonemason.  In  1852 
he  and  his  son,  \\  illiain,  in  company  with  a 
party  of  skilled  workmen,  came  to  America  to 
o])erate  a  stone  (jiiarry  in  the  vicinity  of  rort- 
land, (Jounecticut.  The  following  year  he  was 
one  of  a  c(Miipany  of  thirty-live  ma uns,  all 
picked  men.  to  go  to  the  Isthmus  of  I'anama  to 
eniiaoe  in  bridire-buildinic  ami  other  stone  work. 
The  ravages  of  disease  were  so  destriictivi!  that 
season  that  after  seven  months  he  and  two  com- 
panions returned  to  the  States — the  only  sur- 
vivors of  the  party. 

In  18.")  I-  he  and  his  son  William  starteii  for 
California,  making  the  journey  via  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama  and  arriving  safe  in  San  Francisco 
after  a  pretty  rough  triii.  They  proceeded  at 
once  to  '.irass  Valley,  Nevaila  county,  and  en- 
gaged in  placer  mining  on  Wolf  creek.  In 
18.")7  they  went  to  Michigan  Mluff's,  I'lacer 
{'oiinty.  and  after  mining  there  one  year  started 
overland  for  Eraser  river,  liritish  Columbia, 
traveling  on  muleback  to  Portland  and  Seattle, 
where  the  [larty  was  largely  increased.  .Vfter 
crossing  the  Cascade  mountains  and  tra'cling 
nearly  up  t(^  lake  Chelare,  they  learneil  ihat  a 
thousaiul  Indians  were  awaiting  them  tin  I'e  at 
the  lake  to  cut  them  off  and  preferrinii;  lit'j  to  c. 
possible  massacre,  they  voteil  to  return  t.)  Port- 
hiiid.  The  father  went  back  to  t!'e  mines  of 
California,  and  afterward  we'-.t  to  the  Poise 
mines,  where  he  died  in  ISti;''.  Williaiii,  how- 
ever, remained  in  Oregon.  He  was  engaged  in 
blacksinithing  for  a  time  in  Corvallis,  and  from 
there  moved  to  Albany,  where  he  ran  a  very 
extensive  business  for  teveral  years.  About 
l^fH  ho  sent  to  England  for  his  motl.or,  who 
came  via  New  York  and  the   Isthmus  route  to 


HtO 


iii^iiiny  (iF  iii;/-:<;ii\. 


i 


•31 


Siin  I' rancist'(.).  Tlicru  hIic  iMiiliiirkeii  on  llic 
ill  tilted  BteaiiuT  Hrotlier  .loiiatliiiii,  wliidi  whs 
wrcckeii  iioiir  (JnJHceiit  Citv.  oi'ly  iiiiiftcoii  of 
licr  ~50  iiiisst'iii.r(n's  liciiii^  niivt'il,  Ali's.  TwecdalL- 
bfiii^  oiiu  of  tile  iininlii'i'  roBcui'd.  She  wii^^  re- 
tiiiiKMl  to  San  Kraiicisco,  wlit'i't' slie  toi»k  passa;j;e 
oil  tlu'  Oi'izalia,  and  in  due  time  landed  safe  at 
I'oitland.  Siie  is  now  livino  in  Alliany,  and  is 
sovi'iity-two  years  of  ao*'. 

In  1871  the  t<nl)je('t  of  our  sketch  lMnio;ht  a 
^n'oeery  and  prov  itiioii  store  of  iJiihois  it  Afc- 
(Jiilloni^h,  in  Alliany.  which  he  ojierated  until 
ISTS,  and  then  scdd  ont  to  !'".  M.  Uedtieid-  In 
ISSOhe  opened  a  f^tore  for  the  Hide  of  sto\  es  and 
shelf  hanlware  and  coniliieted  a  general  phnnl>- 
inir  and  e.oiitraetino  hiisiness  until  January,  1888, 
when  on  aecount  of  poor  health  he  Kold  a  very 
Bueeessful  liusiness  to  Smith  &  Washliuru.  and 
then  enoaired  in  the  realestale  Im.siue.ss  with 
l'\  M.  kedlield.  'I'hey  are  now  doinif  an  exten- 
sive and  i^uceessful  hiit-ines,-,  liavini;  valuable 
interests  in  atid  adjoininj^  tln^  city  of  Albany 
and  dealing  ehietly  in  their  own  |)ioperty.  in 
1888  Mr.  Twee<iale  built  a  two-story  brick 
business  building,  27  \  10(1  feet,  on  First  street, 
between  Ferry  and  Broadalbin  streets,  and 
.subseiiuently  27  x  1(10  fret  in  the  rear  on  Second 
street,  which  propeity  he  still  owns, 

.Ml'.  Twcedale  was  married  in  Albany,  in  duly, 
1802,  to  Miss  Eliza  .1.  lientley.  a  native  of  Ar- 
kansas, and  a  daughter  of  J.  F.  Hentley,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of.  1852.  They  have  but  one 
chilli,  living  in  Lowell;  one  boy,  T^loyd.  is  dead. 

I'or  twenty-seven  years  Mr.  Tweedale  has 
been  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  having  tilled 
all  the  chairs  in  the  subordinate  and  (irand 
Lodge,  and  now  being  Past  {4ranil  Master  and 
Past  (iraiid  Uepresentative  of  the  Sovereign 
(irand  Lodge.  His  lirst  presidential  vote  was 
east  for  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  ho  is  still  deep- 
dyed  in  his  Iie|iubliean  principles. 

— ^m^'"^' 

tON.  (iKOKGK  A.  STKKL.  the  prominent 
etKoieiit  I'ostniaster  of  Portland,  Oregon. 
is  a  native  of  Stafford,  Ohio,  born  .Vpril 
22,  1846.  He  is  a  younger  brother  of  James 
Sto<il.  (See  this  book.)  Mr.  Steel  atteudeil  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  place.  In  IStiiJ, 
when  lie  was  seventeen  years  old,  he  came  to 
Portland  and  began  the  battle  of  life  as  a  clerk 
in  a  comniissiou    house.     Two    years  later  he 


was  appointed  clerk  in  the  post  otilce,  then 
located  at  the  corner  of  First  and  .Vlder  streets. 
.\fter  a  year  he  resigned  to  aecei>t  the  apjioint- 
inenl  of  secretary  of  the  ( >r('gon  Iron  Works, 
which  position  he  held  a  year,  and  then  was  en- 
gage-! ill  La<ld  it  Felton's  bank,  as  an  account- 
ant. He  continued  in  this  position  live  years, 
and  while  with  them,  was  elected  Treasurer  of 
Multnomah  county.  He  resigned  bis  position 
in  the  bank  in  1870.  to  engage  in  the  wiiolesale 
and  retail  book  and  stationery  business  with 
Mr.  J.  K.  (iill  as  partner,  under  the  firm  name 
of  (Jill  it  Steel.  Tliis  business  was  continued 
for  several  years,  Mr.  Steel  at  one  time  having 
sole  charge  of  it,  but  he  linally  sold  out  to  Mr. 
(rill,  in  187()  he  was  appointed  special  agent 
of  tiie  Post-otiice  Department,  entering  iijion  iiis 
duties  January,  1877,  his  territory  ineludiug 
Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho.  .Xfter  two 
years'  service  in  this  office  he  resigned  and  se- 
cured the  appointnieiit  of  Deputy  Collector  of 
Customs.  He  .served  in  this  capacity  about  two 
years,  and  in  1881  he  received  tie  aj)pointinenl 
of  Postmastor  for  the  city  of  Portland.  His 
name  was  sent  to  the  Senate  by  ['resident 
Garlield  and  he  took  charge  of  the  office  July 
1,  1881.  In  October  of  the  same  year,  n])on 
the  reassemb'ing  of  the  Senate  (after  the  death 
of  President  (rarfield),  his  appointmeni  was 
made  for  tour  years  by  President  Artlinr.  and 
he  administered  the  office  in  a  most  satisfactory 
manner.  His  term  expired  in  1885  and  the 
Democrats  coming  into  power  a  Democrat  was 
appointed  us  his  successor. 

Prior  to  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  otHce, 
lie  had  embarked  with  hisbrotiier.  James  Steel, 
in  tlie  real  estate  and  tire  insurance  business, 
under  the  name  of  Ct.  .V.  Steel  it  Co.  After  he 
ri'tired  from  the  post  oiKce  his  time  was  largeh 
devoted  to  this  line  of  business,  and  his  efforts 
uere  rewarded  with  a  liiiih  measure  of  success. 

In  June,  1866,  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  from  Multnomah  countv.  for  a  term  of 
four  years;  a  position  for  wliiidi  he  was  adniir- 
ul)ly  titted,  and  which  he  tilled  in  a  most  satis- 
factory manner. 

In  January,  1889,  Mr.  Steel  and  his  brother, 
convinced  of  tlie  importance  of  a  street  rail- 
road from  Po!'tland  to  Fulton  Park,  set  them- 
selves to  work  to  organize  a  ciimpany  for  that 
purpose,  a:id  notwithstanding  their  enterprise 
niet  with  much  disc<iuragenient.  tliey  however, 
organized  t'.  i  Metropolitan  Street  Kaihvav 
Compaip.       Of  this,  Mr.  Steel  was  elected  presi- 


nisrtiny   i>r  oufi.-dx. 


di'iit  and  inftimo;t'r.  and  from  that  tiinc  tn  the 
present  le  n  d«-"  "teil  liis  energies  tn  the  h\iihling 
(if  the  ro  .  ;.  Active  work  upon  tlie  iiiiitiT  line 
was  soon  ii.'i^iin.  and  in  fl'.ilv.  I^IJII,  ti.c  line 
was  (iiniijleted  and  in  operation  from  (i  street, 
tlience  sonth  ahmi;  Sei-ond  Btreef  to  Fnlton 
J'ark  power  house,  a  ilihtane'-of  omt  fonr  miles, 
and  has  since  been  compkited  to  the  etinieterit'd. 
a  mile  and  a  lialf  fartlier.  This  is  one  of  the 
finest  eipiipped  motor  lines  in  the  eonntry.  and 
has  fully  demonstrated  the  praeticahility  and 
utility  of  electricity  as  a  motive  power  in  the 
operation  of  a  rapid  ti'ansit  city  and  suimrhan 
railroad.  Ivecently  a  I'onsoliciation  of  this  line 
lias  been  effected  with  the  Washington  street 
system,  and  also  the  Portland  and  Vancouver 
system,  making  what  is  known  as  the  present 
l'(;rtland  (Consolidated  Street  Railway  Coinf*stny. 

Mr.  Steel  and  brother  also  organized  the 
Kast  8ide  Railway  ('ompaiu.  in  IS'-U,  Mount 
Tabor,  part  of  the  system,  and  Mount  Scott 
practically  brinfjing  the  suburt)ai\  annexes 
within  easy  ami  speedy  reach  of  the  city  center, 
and  giving  invaluable  fa<Mlities  of  trav»?l  to  a 
very  large  portion  of  I\>rtlan<r6  thrifty  citizens. 
This  line  has  been  extended  to  <  >regon  flity,  and 
ere  the  issuance  of  this  work,  will  be  in  practi 
cal  o])eration,  makinj":  ea.^-y  of  access  and  largely 
enhancinir  in  value  some  of  the  most  desirable 
residence  property  in  Portland.  These  valuable 
enterprises  were  accomplished  solely  through 
Mr.  Steel  and  his  brother,  wiio  furnished  nearly 
all  the  necessary  stock  and  conducted  them  to 
theii'  present  success.  The  eiti/ens  of  Portland 
are  ihdebteil  to  these  gentlemen  fur  their  valua- 
ble '  I'ansportation  system,  whiidi  is  destined  to 
be  to  important  a  factor  in  the  city's  t'urther 
development  and   prosperity. 

In  December,  1889,  Mr.  Steel  wa.s  nominated 
by  President  Harrison  and  speedily  confirmed 
by  the  Senate,  as  Postmaster.  This  was  an 
lionor  which  came  entirely  unsolicited,  he  being 
in  no  sense  a  candidate  for  the  (losition.  The 
enviable  rejintation  he  had  made  during  his 
hst  term  was  the  consideration  that  actinited 
his  party  friends  to  almost  unanimously  urge 
his  nomination,  and  his  selection  for  the  place 
was  received  by  the  citizens  of  Portlanii  with 
the  greatest  satisfaction.  In  April,  1890.  he 
entered  upon  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  sue 
ceeding  C.  W.  Koby,  who  had  been  appointed 
Mr.  Steel's  successoi  in  1885. 

Mr.  Steel  has  always  been  an  ardent  Republi- 
can, and  for  nniiiy  yars  has  been  a  well   recog- 


nized force  in  the   political    history  of  <>regoii, 
In   Is7t3   he  was  elected    Ohairinan  <<(  liie    Re 
publican    State   (liimn)ittee,   and  his  able  in;in 
agenientof  the  pai'ty   and  td'  the  lioll\  contcslec 
eliK'tion    of    that    year   cdntribnted     in    a  great 
measure  to  the  success  of  the  Rc|iublican  paiMy. 
a  result  whicii  will   iduiiy>   have  a  nulionul  sig 
niticance,  as   Oregon's  threi>   elicli.ral  voter,  de 
cided  tilt!    presidential    contest,      for  ten    \ears 
following  this    mennirable  camiiaigii.  Mr.  Sitel 
rendered  valuable  S('rvice  to  his  pai'fy  in  ncai'lv 
every    State   campaign,   either    as  CliairrNan  or 
Secretary  of  tin;  State  Committee.      II  i>  ability 
»^  a  |)olitieal  leader  is  highly  valuabh?  to  and  i« 
rained  by  them.    Mv.  Steel  is  greatly  intereste(l 
in  P'nlton  Park,  a  tract  of    flltt  acres,    which   he 
has  tttfi  arranged  for  residence  property,  and  it 
is  one  of  tiie    most   desii'able  localities  of  the 
city. 

lie   wu'i  mairied    Febi-uary  18,  ISfl),  tu   .Miss 
Kva  Pope,   of   New   Voi-k,    a   <hnigliter   uf  Mr. 
("tiMrles  Pope,  a  pioneer  of  the  State.      lie  is  a 
member  ot  the    Fii'st   Congregational  Church, 
and  is  a  friend  and  helper  to  evei'y  worthy  caus(<. 
In  the  prosperity  which  has   come  to  Portlani 
during    recent    yeai's  he    has     cheerfully     con 
tributed  his  full  "♦hare.      Me  is   a    ha)-d   worker 
progressive  and  public-spirited  in  !iis  ideas,  am 
one  whose    entire  career,  both  in  adversity   and 
prosperity  has  evinced  his  integrity  and    manli- 
ness.    His  public  life  has    been  actuated   by  a 
desire  to  consistently  discharge  every  duty,  re- 
gardless of  eonsccpiences.      His  is  a  genial  an 
social    nature,  easily   wins   and   retains    friends, 
and    is    very    pojiiilar    all   over  the  State.      Iti 
i*ortiand.  where  he  has  lixed  since  a  bf>y.  and  is 
8o  thoroughly  ksKnvn.  he  has  justly  earned  the 
high  esteeiu  of  iiis  fellow-citizens. 


t^s^-*^-^ — 

KV  JtKEPII  HO!?ER(;.of  McMinnville, 
'  ►regoi\.  i-  a  siipeiannuated  minisier  of 
_^,,  '  the  M'-tiiodist  Episcopal  (.'hurch  and 
is  one  ot  Vam  Hill  county's  most  worthy  and 
Worthy  and  respectel  citizen. 

Fiither  Iloberg,  as  he  is  familiarly  known, 
wiis  l>orn  in  Prussia,  (iermany.  .Vpril  9,  182i^. 
lie  is  the  so!i  of  (rerman  parents,  both  devout 
members  of  the  Catholic  Church,  and  with 
ttvem  came  to  America  in  1842  and  settled  at 
[*»troit.  Micliigiui.  Li  1847  they  moved  to 
l<H)el)oygaR.   Wisconsin,    where  they   spent    the 


nrSfORY    OF    OHEGON. 


I 


m    I' 


rest  of  tlieif  li\cs  and  died  !it  a  f^tiod  old  ago, 
his  inotluM'  in  iii-r  cigliticlli  year,  and  liie  I'atlicr. 
cm  tilt!  fdllowiufj  ilay.  in  liis  cigiity-sixtli  yoar. 
'I'lieir  lives  were  ciiaracterizeil  Uy  lioiK'sty  and 
uprif^litnessand  they  died  sti-imj;  in  the  faith  nf 
tliG  (.'athiilic  Cliuri^li.  Tlicy  liad  u  family  "f 
twulvc  eliililrcn,  nf  wiiniii  tlie  8iil)ii.'Ct  uf  tliis 
Kketcli  \va>  tin;  nldcst. 

Mr.  Ildbero;  lii'f^an  lilVfi  r  liiiiiself  as  a  driver 
DM  tlic  I'lrie  canal,  lie  waw  ne.xt  cmpldyed  an  a 
btcainlxiat  ntcward  on  the  Mississippi  river  for 
siiiiie  four  or  live  years.  After  this  he  married 
and  settled  in  Lansing;.  Iowa,  where  he  was  en- 
I'ai't'd  in  honsi!  painting  until  1805.  He  was 
converted  in  (ia'.cna,  Illinois,  under  the  preach- 
ing of  Rev.  II.  Crews,  a  Methodist  minister, 
and  BOOM  after  his  new  i)irth  began  preaehinjj 
the  gospel  of  salvation  through  faith  in  Christ. 
He  came  with  his  family  to  Oregon  in  lst)5, 
and  in  l>!i(')!l  joined  the  Oregon  Conference. 
Here  for  twenty-one  years  he  preached  and  la 
liored  ai'ci'ptalily  in  a  nunilier  of  churches,  the 
following  being  some  of  the  charges  at  which 
he  was  stationed:  La  Fayette,  McMinnville, 
Kast  Portland,  Brownsville,  Amity  and  Monroe. 
Father  Hoherg  is  a  great  lover  of  little  children 
and  (luriii!.-;  his  ministi'y  has  done  much  efficient 
Sunday-8(  :iool  work.  In  the  Sunday-school  or 
or  the  stroet  or,wherever  he  meets  the  children 
he  always  has  a  kind  worci  of  greeting  for  them. 
He  wassuperannmited  in  1890.  Still,  however, 
he  keeps  up  his  Sabbath-School  work,  and  is 
entlnisiastic  as  ever.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Oregon  State  Sunday-school  iVssoeiation  from 
its  organization,  has  served  as  its  President  and 
\'ice-I'i'esiilent,  and  is  now  a  member  of  its  ex- 
ecutive committee.  He  is  frequently  invited 
to  make  addresses  at  picnics  and  similar  occa- 
sions and  has  the  happy  faculty  of  interesting 
l)oth  the  young  and  the  old.  While  he  has  not 
accumulated  much  of  Uiis  world's  go(pds.  he 
has  devoted  his  life  to  the  work  of  tiie  Master 
and  in  this  way  ha?-  laid  up  treasures  above. 

Mr,  Hoberg  was  marrieO  in  (ialena,  Illinois, 
in  18")!,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  S|)rinile,  a  native  of 
I'hilailelphia.  and  they  havt!  had  twelve  clildren, 
eight  of  whom  are  li\  ing,  as  follows:  Frank  li.. 
engaged  in  business  in  Manstield,  Coos  county, 
Oregon;  Verona  .1.  is  the  wife  of  \V.  W.  Nel- 
son,aCuslom  House  Iiis|)ect(]r  at  Portland;  Klla 
.Iiise|)liiiu'.  wife  of  Hon.  P.  P.  (lates,  of  f,a 
Fayette;  J.  (iraut,  in  the  reale-state  business  at 
llillsboro.  this  State;  Georgia  M.,  wife  of  J.  I. 
Knight,  who  is  also<!oing  a  real-estate  business 


at  llillsboro;  Reniio  O.  is  engaged  in  farming 
in  Coos  county;  and  Eva  .1.  and  Charles  H., 
both  at  home  and  attendinif  colletre.  Mr.  Ho- 
berg  has  built  a  comfortable  home  in  McMinn- 
ville, where  he  is  surrounded  with  all  the  coin- 
fort.--  of  life,  hajipy  in  the  companionship  of  the 
wife  of  his  youth.  She  has  been  a  devoted 
(Christian  since  her  girlhood,  and  to  hi^r  inilu- 
ence,  under  (iod,  he  oivea  credit  for  his  conver- 
sion, and  ill  all  he  has  tried  to  do  and  to  be  she 
has  been  his  faithful  iirst  lieutenant. 

Politically.  Mr.  Hoherg  is  a  Republican. 

fllAIiLKS  H.  WIIITXKY.— The  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  very  clo.sely  connected 
with  the  educational  iutei'ei  ts  of  the  county, 
as  he  served  very  acceptably  asCouTity  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instructi(Ui  for  two  terms  and 
refused  a  third  nomination. 

Mr.  Whitney  was  born  in  Auglai/e  county, 
Ohio,  F'ebruary  15,  1851.  He  was  the  son  of 
I'enjamin  Whitney,  born  in  Acw  York,  August 
10,  1822.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  and 
married,  November  5.  1845,  a  lady  by  the  name 
of  Minerva  Daniels,  who  died  May  10,  1856. 
He  nuirried  a  second  time,  March  1,  1857, 
Margaret  Armstrong,  daughter  of  .Iosej)h  Ann 
strong.     She  wiis  born  in  Ohio,  April  14,  1841. 

Oui-  subject  remained  in  his  native  place  un- 
til sixteen  years  of  age,  receiving  a  common 
school  education.  In  1870  he  removed  to 
Kansas,  located  in  Wilson  county,  where  he 
worked  on  a  farm  for  three  years,  in  187,3  he 
went  to  Marion  county,  Oregon,  and  again 
worked  on  a  farm.  From  there  he  went  to 
Portland,  Oi'egon,  I'nd  attended  commercial 
ccllege,  after  which  he  clerked  in  a  store  owned 
by  Meier  &  Frank,  with  whom  ho  renuiined  one 
year.  He  then  went  to  lki\ton  county  and 
stayed  two  years,  during  which  time  he  acted 
as  a  hookkeejier  for  a  iiuriness  firm  of  that 
place.  In  1882  he  settled  in  Corvallis  and  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business.  He  remained 
there  until  1880,  furnidiiiig  supplies  to  the 
Oregon  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  removing  to 
Raker  county  in  May  of  that  year. 

In  1888  M.  Whitney  was  elected  (lounty  Su- 
perintendent of  Public  Schools,  served  his  first 
term  and  was  iinauimonsly  re-elected,  being  the 
only  Republicati  tha*^  was  elected  without  ojipo- 
sition.     He  refused  the  third  nomination,  pre- 


wmmmmamm 


UL'^VdltY    OF    oHF.HiiX. 


lerrini;  to  ilevoti'  liis  tiino  to  his  fine  raneli, 
tliirtv  miles  from  I'akcr  City,  consistinir  of  suv- 
crril  luiiiilred  iuros. 

Mr.  Wliitiiey  was  married  December  10, 
188i5,  to  Mrs.  Sar;ih  Ilutlmiiii,  imni  Sejitomlier, 
2S,  1851.  Her  i'atlier's  mime  was  Kli  Wativitis, 
and  sjie  was  a  native  of  Piitman  coiiuty.  Mis- 
eoiiri.  Her  ])arent8  came  to  Orefion  in  1804. 
Mrs.  Whittu'V  is  one  of  ei<;lit  eliildren  and  siie 
had  two  eliililrcn  liy  licr  first  marriai,re,  namely: 
Minnie  and  .luliii;  the  former  now  mai'ried  to 
M.  1'.  Bnrnett,  who  is  now  Treasurer  of  Benton 
eoiinty. 

Mr.  Whitney  is  a  memher  of  I.  ( ).  C).  F.,  lias 
passed  al!  the  ehairs  luiil  is  a  memhci'  of  Cor- 
vallis  Lodife,  No.  7.  Hoth  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whit- 
ney are  estiinahle  people  and  hii/hly  esteemed 
hy  their  host  of  fi'iends. 


:1LMAM  K.  SMITH  is  a  well-known 
and  hif^hly  ri'Specteil  capitalist  of  i'ort- 
land,  Oreiron.  lie  enme  to  tlie  coast 
in  1853,  and  is  a  native  of  Brownsville,  Penn- 
sylvania, born  on  tiie  3d  of  August,  1820. 
II  is  father,  Peter  Smith,  was  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Mew  Jersey.  His  atice-^tors,  however, 
were  Knglisli  and  settled  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey  lona  before  the  Jtevolntion.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Barbara  Showalter,  a  native  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  of  German  ancestry.  They  iiad 
eight  children,  three  of  whom  are  livinjr.  * 

Willium  K.  w.'is  their  fonrth  cluld.  In  1833, 
with  his  |iarents,  he  removeil  to  Clermont 
county,  Ohio,  and  for  three  yeaiv  rosidiMl  near 
('incirMiati.  In  1830  they  remo\('(i  to  Indiana, 
and  from  there  to  ^[adison  county,  Illinois.  In 
184  f  they  changed  their  residence  to  Texas. 
W.  K.  Smith  went  from  there  to  Alabama, 
where  he  ren.ained  four  years  and  then  re- 
tiirneil  to  Te.\a:-,  an<l  from  there  to  St.  Louis. 
He  then  took  a  'ourse  at  the  SIriitleft' Collejfe. 
In  1853,  at  St.  I.ouis,  he  fitted  out  an  exiiedi- 
tion  to  cros.  tin.  ])lains  to  ('alifornia.  They 
traveled  with  o.x  teafos  and  wagons.  On  the 
llundjoldt  ri\er  they  took  a  new  mountain  road 
through  the  mountains,  a  distance  of  125  miles. 
While  on  this  route  the  Humboldt  Indians  dis- 
covered them,  and  they  became  iware  that  they 
were  in  danger  of  an  atlael..     The   last    night 

that  they  cainpe<l  in  thi>  i intaiii  oni!  of  their 

cuttle  strayed,  and   one  of  their   numhei'   went 


back  for  it.  Eai'l\  in  the  moi'iiing  they  Ntarled 
on  their  journey,  and  were  on  their  guard  with 
their  gun>  ready.  As  soon  as  they  had  enteri'd 
a  narrow  pas.-  the  Indians  ros(>  up  in  fronl  id' 
them,  gave  a  warwlioop  and  lired  :it  them. 
Ju,-t  then  their  man,  who  had  rode  behind  to  get 
their  steer,  came  up  over  the  brow  of  the  hill. 
Tlie  Inilians  seeing  him  supposed  that  more 
wei-e  coming,  and  they  lle(|  before  the  first  vol- 
ley of  the  emigrants,  and  they  were  permitted 
to  go  on  their  journey  without  further  iulcrru|i 
tion.  They  arrived  at  Fiddletown  and  .Mr. 
Smith  went  to  the  niines  on  tlii'  Mokelumne 
river,  and  also  tn  those  on  the  Calaveras,  One 
of  theii-  coni])any  had  i)een  in  (California  pre- 
viously, and  ha<l  discovered  gold  on  a  gulch  near 
San  Andi'eas.  My  his  direction  they  went  there 
and  found  good  diggings.  They  sent  to  the 
valley  for  sixteen  Chinamen  to  work  for  them, 
and  they  toid<  out  the  entire  gold  deposit,  and 
stuck  another  claim  neai-  it  even  I'ichor  than  the 
first,  which  they  mined  until  the  water-  failed. 
Mr.  Smith  then  went  to  San  I'raiiciseo  and  ha<l 
had  his  gold  coined  at  the  mint.  When  he  got 
it  it  seemed  like  a  nice  |)ile  of  money,  and  so  it 
w,i8.  From  San  Francisco  he  went  to  Wash- 
ington Territory  an<l  visited  his  brother,  .1.  S. 
Smith,  who  had  come  to  the  coast  in  1845. 
After  a  short  stay  there  he  went  to  Salem  in 
1854,  and  engaged  in  the  drug  and  book  busi- 
ness. This  he  continued  fourteen  years  and 
then  sold  out  and  engaged  with  thi'  Wilhunette 
Woolen  Manufacturing  Company.  They  built 
the  first  woolen  niill  in  the  State.  Mr.  Smith,  his 
brother,  e.\-Goveruor  (trover,  Mr.  Waldo  and 
Mr.  •].  V.  Miller,  purchased  the  controlling  in- 
terest in  the  stock.  They  also  built  the  Salem 
flour  mills  and  brought  the  water  to  the  mills. 
In  18(18  Mr.  Smith  came  to  Portland  ami  em- 
barked in  the  sawmill  business.  The  firm  be- 
came Smith,  (trover,  Hayden  &  Smith.  Mr. 
Smith  has  continued  in  this  businessever  since, 
and  has  lost  two  sawmills  hy  lire.  When  he  began 
the  business  was  small,  but  it  has  grown  to  one 
of  the  largest  mills  in  I'oi'tland.  He  has  now 
with  him  his  brother  and  two  nephews,  under 
the  name  of  Smith  liros.  &  Company.  They 
have  H  very  extensive  honie  market  for  lumber, 
but  ship  some  to  other  places.  Mr.  Smith  was 
a  part  owner  of  the  Hattie  C.  Bessie,  a  ( -hineso 
ship,  on  which  they  shipped  on  their  own  ac- 
count the  first  ciirgo  of  lumber  ever  sent  from 
this  port  to  China.  Mr.  Smith  has  invested 
considerable   in  city  property,  and   has  done  a 


Aii 


■T 


h71 


Ult^ToHY    OF    ()Ilh-i!i>X. 


M'! 


.Si    ■      4 


If] 


;;i<!iit  (leal  of  liiiililiiii,'.  He  liiis  platted  a  valii- 
alile  ])iece  nl'  pniliiTtv  uii  the  eanf  side.  With 
lii-  liiMtlicr  lie  lidill  lli(^  lii'Bt  hii'ire  luitik  l)l(i<'k 
ill  till'  city,  oil  A^ll  etreel  lietweeii  Front  anil 
Kirnt  htritcts.  Mr.  Sniitli  was  one  of  tlieorgan- 
i/ei'P  of  the  ( 'iililc  liiiad  (  oiiipaiiy,  anil  is  oiin  of 
till' ijlifctoi-  aiiil  i>  vire-presiileiit  of  it.  He 
lia>  liriMi  a  ijii-ect'ir  of  tiie  I'oi'tlaiid  Savings 
Hank,  and  lielpeil  to  or^aiii/i-  the  Ainswortli 
Nalional  liiiiiU  aiicl  is  it.s  viee-president.  He 
liii>  also  licni  interoted  in  the  ( 'oinniei-eial  liank, 
and  is  a  diveetor  in  it.  Ho  i>  a  Dunioerat. 
tliongli  lie  takes  no  active  pari  in  jiolities. 

He  was  iiiarrii'd  in  iMii,  to  Aliss  Dclibic 
Harker,  a  native  of  New  .lersey.  and  their  union 
has  lieen  lilested  with  five  sons  and  a  daughter. 
The  latter,  Kiiireiiia  S..  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  T.  H- 
Harllet.  The  >ons  are.  William  1\.,  dr.,  \'ietor 
II..  .1.  1  l.ii'ker  and  Snniner. 

.Mr.  Smith  lias  had  a  loiio;  and  .-iii'CL-.-sfnl  life 
and  linsiiii's>  history  in  ( )ri'gon,  and  he  has  heeii 
a  rar->erin<f,  caiialili'  bnsinoss  man.  Ilissiu;- 
eess  is  the  result  of  earnet^t  and  intelligent 
elVort.  comliined  with  high  hiisines.s  principles, 
and  merits  the  esteeiii  in  wliieh  ho  is  held  by 
the  liiisine^s  men  of  the  State  of  Oregon. 

loUKTNKV  WAKKKIJ  MKKK,  a  promi- 
iii'iit  pioneer  of  Washington  eoniity,  Ore- 
jion,  was  liorn  in  Ididio  when  it  was  a  part 

( )!egon  Territoiy,  Deeeiiiher  7,  183S,  and  has 
lived  ill  Washingtdii  county  since  1840.  lie  ib 
a  son  of  the  noted  lion.  Joseph  I..  Meek,  who 
was  liorn  in  X'irgiiiia  l''el)riiai'y  !).  1810,  a  iiiein- 
her  of  an  old  X'irginia  family  and  a  distant  rela- 
I  ivr  of  dames  K.  IVlk. 

"doe"  Jleek.  as  he  wa>-  familiarlv  known,  was 
one  of  the  nmst  remarkaUle  characters  oonnecti'd 
with  the  early  hislory  of  Oregon.  He  came  to 
the  liocky  monntaiiis  as  a  trapper  and  hunter  in 
JIarcli.  18;'U.  then  in  his  nineteeiilh  year,  and 
(drvcii  \ears  of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  monnt- 
ain^.  during  wliiidi  time  he  had  many  Imir- 
lireadth  e>cape>  from  the  Indians  and  wild 
beasts,  and  in  all  thi'.-e  years  he  jiroved  himself 
111  be  a  iiian  of  great  courage  and  skill  as  a  hun- 
ter and  trap|ier,  and  also  a  man  of  line  natural 
abililv.  Ilriiig  eiidowi'd  with  an  excellent  meiii- 
oi  V  he.  in  later  year>,  fiiriiisSi>d  data  for  a  book, 
entitled  "The  Uiver  of  the  West,"  an  interest- 
leg  work  containing  ii.any  of  his  reriiiniseences 
aiKl  al-o  a  hi»t<.;'\  of  the  State  of  » )re;'on.    When 


Mr.  Meek  came*  to  Washington  county  in  18-10 
there  were  very  few  white  ])eojile  in  the  valley, 
and  he  at  once  became  an  active  leader  in  its 
settlement  and  development,  and  not  only  of  this 
immediate  vicinity  but  also  of  the  whole  Terri- 
tory. In  the  year  1847  he  was  elected  to  the  Ter- 
ritorial Legislature.  He  resigned  his  seat  in  that 
body  December  17,  1847,  to  undertake  a  jour- 
ney to  Wa>liingtoii  to  represent  to  the  President 
and  (-ongre>s  of  the  United  States  the  needs  of 
Oregon.  He  started  from  Walln  Walla  on  the 
lltli  of  January,  1848,  and  his  trip  across  the 
mountains  and  plains  at  that  inclement  season  of 
the  year  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  jour- 
neys on  record.  He  wore  a  buckskin  suit  and 
fiir  cap,  and  his  odd  attire  attracted  no  little  ut- 
tention  in  the  capital  city,  where  he  was  treated 
with  the  highest  jiossible  courtesy  by  the  Presi- 
dent and  Ins  Cabinet.  On  tlii- journey  to  the 
Kast  he  had  not  a  dollar  in  iiiuuey,  and  was 
dependent  on  his  striking  appearance  and  native 
shrewdness  to  carry  him  through.  He,  however, 
had  a  warrant  drawn  by  the  Oregtin  Legislature 
on  the  Missionary  Board  in  New  York  and 
indorsed  by  the  managers  of  the  Mission  in 
Oregon,  and  when  he  reached  the  Kast  the  Board 
paid  all  that  was  exiiecteil  of  it.  Knox  Walker 
was  then  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  he  and  Mr. 
Meek  Were  lirst  cousins.  Later  in  his  life  Mr. 
Meek  used  to  deliver  a  very  interesting  lecture, 
entitk'd  "From  the  Wigwam  to  the  White 
Ilim>e,  ill  which  he  recited  the  whole  of  the 
incidents  of  this  journey.  He  at  one  time  had 
a  Seat  in  the  lower  Housi'  of  Congress.  August 
14.  1848.  when  the  Territory  of  Oregon  was 
organized,  he  was  appointed  United  States  Mar- 
shal of  the  new  Territory  by  President  Polk.  He 
ivturned  to  ( )regon  and  tilled  the  office  with 
great  efficiency  until  18515.  After  this  he  retired 
to  private  life.  On  his  donation  claim  in  Wash- 
ington county  he  reared  a  family  of  ti\e  children, 
as  follows;  Courrney  W..  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch,  and  who  has  given  the  datafor  this  article; 
Olive  L  ,  wife  of  William  Uiley,  and  a  resident 
of  (ileiicne;  Jennie,  wife  of  Charles  Newhard, 
British  (.'oliinibia;  Josojih  L..  of  Washingtoii 
eoiiiity,  and  Stephen  .\.  I).,  also  of  this  county. 
The  sons  are  all  reliable  farmers,  and  are  owners 
of  their  father's  donation  claim.  'J'liis  venerable 
pioneer,  after  a  u.sefiii  and  eventful  career, 
departed  thi,--  life  January  20,  l'^l&.  H  i»  widow- 
is  still  living  with  her  «oiis  ai  the  old  home 
place,  and  is  now  in  the  seveiity-tifth  year  of 
her  aee. 


iiisroiiy  "/•■  •'iiEndS. 


87.) 


("ourtni'y  W.,  the  oldest  tif  tliis  fuiiiily.  re 
ceiveil  liis  iHliiciitioii  in  tlie  primitive  licliodis  ot 
Ori'ifoii.  lie  was  ill  lii^  scvt'iiti'i'iitli  year  wlicii. 
ill  l.S")5,  tin'  liiiliaii  war  iir(il<t'  out,  and  lie  at  (Hico 
vohintt'crL'd  his  sitv  ices,  heiiij^  tir.-t  uiidei'  Cap- 
tain Layton  and  later  under  ('iijitain  ( ioH',  ( 'iiloiiid 
Shaw  r.oiniiiandilig.  Yuuii<^  .Meel<  served  all 
tliroiij^h  the  war,  was  in  the  liattle  el'  (irande 
Roiide  V^alley,  and  was  also  in  nunierons  skir- 
mishes. Diirine;  the  eivil  war  he  was  a  memlier 
of  ( 'onipany  1>,  First  ( )rei,'on  Infanlry,  enlisting 
in  Aniriist,  lS(J4,  and  heiiig  hoimralily  dis(diarged 
July  2iJ,  l^SoO,  in  Idaho,  lietiirniiii^  t<i  Orej^oii 
after  the  war,  lie  si^tled  on  the  old  home  place 
and  has  since  resided  here.  In  IHIH  he  married 
Miss  .Vd:d  Xewton,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  horn 
in  1850,  and  they  are  the  pa.ents  of  throe  (diil- 
dren:  William  LeroVi  (fcorge  Jossie  and  Xoia. 
In  politics  Mr.  Meek  is  a  llepnhlican.  Like  his 
distinguished  father  he  has  a  line  intellect,  and 
can  make  a  good  speech,  ex|)ressing  his  ideas 
cl'?arly  and  tbrcihly. 


^.^*-^i»  ■P^>*^=a» 

^()^■.  .lOIlN  MINTO.  The  dotinies  of  a 
State  in  a  Kepulilic,  like  ours,  is  formed  hy 
he  mental  i'circe  and  moral  chanicler  of  her 
jiloneers,  and  it  is  to  her  tii-st  settlers  tliat  the 
State  of  ( )rcg«)n  is  largely  indehted  for  the  proud 
eiiiinenee  she  has  attained  in  this  great  riiionof 
States.  Jloiiorahle  .loliii  Minto  has  thehonorof 
heiiig  one  of  these  early  true  men,  who  liraved 
the  dangers,  siirinoiintecl  the  ohstacles,  apiiar- 
eiltly  so  iiisiiriiiountahle.  aii<l  aideij  in  foiUKling 
the  great  State,  of  which  now  in  liis  later  years 
he  has  siieli  just  reason  to  he  proud. 

lie  is  of  Scotch  ancestry,  hut  both  hi-  and  his 
father  Were  natives  of  Kngland.  Ills  I'athei'was 
an  intelligent,  honest,  hard  worker  in  the  coal 
mines  of  Knglaixl,  ami  was  chosen  as  a  leader  hy 
his  comrailes.  He  early  hecanit^  an  ardent  ad- 
mirer of  Kepiililieaii  institutions,  and  emigrated 
to  the  Uiiiteil  States  to  olitain  that  liherty  which 
his  native  land  denied. 

The  sulijeol  of  our  ^kelch  wa^  horn  in  the 
town  of  Wylani,  near  Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 
on  'Jctoher  10,  182'2,  and  had  very  limited  edu- 
cational opportunities.  At  ten  years  of  jige  he 
hegan  to  labor  in  the  coal  mines,  remaining  in 
that  occupation  until  1840.  when  ihe  family  emi- 
grated to  tlie  I'nited  Slates.  They  located  al 
l'ilt.sl)iirg,  I'eimsylvaiiiu,  where  they  engaged  in 


(■  lal  mining  for  wages.     Our  siiliject  had  re.ad 
evervlhing   iie    could    get    to   I'eacl,  and    hadiin- 


lil 


lied  a  stKPiig  desire  for  ad\entiire.  and    lia\  i 


read   glowing  accounts  of  <  >regon.  he  conceived 

i>t.       liilHll 


the  idea  of 


iroino' 


to  the  I'acKic 


the 


lal   market    was  ilepr 


iiid  tli< 


were  recei\ 


At  a 
what 


iiig  poor  remnneration  for  their   toil 


■ting   held     hy    the 


was   l)e>t    t( 


\h 


>>ed  hy  a 


iciitleman    in    whom  ihey  had  the  utmost  coiiti- 


lle  told  tli( 


that  at  the  iiier-ent     nrice 


of  coal  it  was  iiii|)ossil»l"  for  the  employers  to 
p.ay  hi^'her  wages,  and  that  it  was  hard  for  the 
einiiloycrs  to  keeii  them  at  work  at  i)resent  rati-s. 


Tl 


iploy 

leii   our    .subject  arose    and   said 


V, 


listene<l   to   what    has  been  t-aid,  and  you  believe 
every  word  of  it:  what  art^  you  going  to  do  about 


it?     As  f( 


1 


;now  what  1  am  ttouiti  to  do, 


I  will  go  to  the  West,  where  there  are  not  so 
many  men  to  overstock  the  labor  market.'"  IIo 
at  oiu!(!    began    to    make    ari'angeinents    to    go 


West,  whei 


d   was 


clieai). 


lit 


ited   h 


mother  and  bade  her  good-hy,  and  started  from 
i'ittsburg  for  Dnbucjue,  Iowa.  At  St.  i.oiiis, 
the  boat  on  which  he  Wiis  making  the  voyage, 

le  was  ti'yiiig  to  get 
juse,  as  he  had  been 


topped   for  the  nii;ht,  and 


.'1 
litth^ 


rest   in  a  lodoin 


-h 


working  as   a  deck    hand  on   the  boat,  and  was 


ed   and   snlfering   for  sleeji.     On   retiring    he 


tir 


heard   voicer 


id  listening,  lie  overheard  a  con 
versation,  by  which  he  learned  that  a  company 
the    Upper  Missouri  for  emi- 
Ile  was  filled  with  e.xciti-- 


was  toriniufi   on 


gration  to  Oregon. 

inent.  and  his  sleep  left  him,  and  he  decided  to 

join   the    party.      His  father  had  given    him   a 


doiibl'»-b: 


larreled  siioteni 


tS' 


(1   hi 


rchased 


rif^->.  animiinition,  fishing-tackle,  etc.,  b|ieiMliiig 
Miost  of  his  means  for  his  oiitlit,  and  took  boat 


for  tl 
( 'am 


le  rendezvous.     On  arriving    at    (iilliain's 
;ie  was  referred  to  li.  W.  Morri.-on,  as  a 


I' 
person  needing  assistance  lor  crossing  the  plains. 

and  H  verbal  bariraiii  was  made;  that  our  siibiect 


help  Mr.  Morris 


I'' 
j'et  his  stock  to  Ore- 


gon, for  which  he  was  to  receive  his  beard.  Tii(> 
emigrants  formed  a  military  organi/.ition,  of 
which  Mr.  (iilliani  was  elected  comiiiander,  and 
Mr.  Morrison  one  of  the  captains.  Oursubjtict 
was  chosen  a  eorjioral,  ainl  on  the  sickness  of 
William  H.  Uees,  Mr.  Minto  succeeded  to  the 
position  of  sergeant,  which  position  he  tilled  as 
long  as  the  jiarty  observed  military  rules.  On 
'heir    arr 


\  al  at  Fort  Hall,  our  subject,  in  coni- 
jmny  with  S.  II.  Crocket  and  Daniel  ( 'iio  k.  with 
the  assent  of  their  Captaiiia  .Mori  ieoii  and  Shaw , 


870 


iiisroHr   Oh'  niiEnON. 


left  llic  tliiiuii,  iliiil  |iri'rci!c(l  tlic  |iiil'ty  to  tlio 
Williiiiretli^  v;ill(!y.  I'ur  tlii-.  tlicrc  were  two 
leiihons,  first,  cvcrv  ciMisiiiiii'r  of  food,  whose 
soi'\  ice  coiilil  1)1'  i-|iiii('il,  dill  a  j^'odd  t^crvice  to 
tlii'ir  t'rii'iidri  liv  Ic.ivinj;  tliciii  willi  siicli  siip- 
iplieK  118  yet  IH'iiiiiliicd  fur  their  fa  iiilif-.  Sci'oiid. 
at  lliis  iiiiint,  woi-il  ciuiu;  fiorn  lloiKiriihie  1'. 
II.  Uiiniott  (if  tlu!  proviouB  year's  eini^fration. 
iiifiiitiiitii''  flKMii  that  if  they  needed  assiwfanee, 
to  iiial<e  tiie  mutter  iiiiowii  to  the  Willamette 
Hettleiiient.  Tiie  three  young  men  did  not 
make  any  appeal  for  special  aid  for  their  friends, 
Imt  secu'ri.'d  work  foi'  a  time  tofjive  their  friends 
time  to  reaeh  the  Dalles,  and  they  then  a|i|jlied 
to  Dr.  John  Mcl-oiijrhliii.  chief  fac^tor  of  the 
Hudson's  I'.ay  Companj  fur  the  use  of  ahatteaii, 
with  wliicdi  to  return  ami  assist  them  down  the 
river.  The  Doctor  kindly  furnished  them  the 
hoat  an<l  added  the  means  of  snli.sistenee  dnrinjj; 
the  trip,  and  thus  eiiuippcd,  the  three  young 
men  went  for  their  fricTids.  When  they  met 
the  party  Mr.  Minto  gaxchis  shai-e  of  provis- 
ions to  Mrs.  Morrison,  whom  he  met  at  the 
Cascades,  entirely  destitute  of  anytiiing  to  eat 
in  lier  camp,  while  Captain  .\[orrison  was  snow- 
bound near  the  base  of  Mount  Hood,  attempt- 
ini;  to  {jet  the  stock  of  the  party  across  the  Cas- 
cades via  the  Indian  trail  on  the  north  side  of 
the  mountain.  Captain  Morrison  extricated 
himself  and  the  cattle  frun  the  snow,  by  driving 
them  back  to  the  Dalles,  where  they  wintered 
well,  and  from  there  Mr.  Minto  drove  them  the 
next  si)r\ng  to  the  Washongal  bottoms,  by 
swimming  them  across  the  ('olnmbia  river,  'oe- 
low  the  mouth  of  Hood  river.  Mr.  Minto  had 
been  so  faithful  in  the  performance  of  his  con- 
tract, that  Mr.  Morrison  presented  him  with  a 
yoke  of  o\.en  and  a  chain,  which,  toeether  with 
iiis  two  hands  and  ax,  jiurcliascd  at  St.  Louis, 
constituted  Mr.  Minto's  capital.  This  however, 
when  combined,  as  in  his  ease,  with  integrity  and 
an  honorable  determination,  are  sntlicient,  as  is 
amply  proved  by  numerous  historical  cases.  Mr. 
Minto  liail  declared  his  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  in  IStS,  and  his 
rirst  vote  was  cast  for  (ieorgc  Abernethy,  an 
American  candidate  Cor  (iovernor,  under  the 
Provisional  (xovernment  of  Oregon.  Strange 
as  it  may  seem  in  those  days  of  tax  dodging,  ^lr. 
Minto  never  attempted  to  escape  his  tax,  but 
seemed  proud  to  have  taxes  to  pay,  and  glad  to 
have  the  means  to  pay  them.  During  his  early 
hislc>ry  in  ( >reg<)n  he  was  a  Democrat  in  the 
fullest  sense  of  the  word,  but  not  a- a  mere  par- 


tisan; anil  without  taking  an  active  part  in 
partisan  politics  ho  watched  carefully  the 
drift  of  affairs,  ami  as  the  slavery  ipiestion  grew 
in  im|)ortance  his  wdiole  soul  grow  to  loathe  that, 
institution,  or  any  institution  that  o|iprus>eil  the 
poor.  He  acci'pteil  the  theory  of  Hon.  Stephen 
A.  Douglas,  that  the  citizens  (d'  a  Tei-ritory 
should  be  permitteil  to  enact  the  laws  governing 
them,  and  this  was  his  position  U|i  to  the  time 
of  the  Charleston  Convention,  at  which  the  di- 
vision of  the  Democratic  party  occurred.  Mr. 
Minto  was  present  at  a  Democratic  precinct 
meeting,  held  at  Salem,  which  were  then  domi- 
nant in  (Iregon.  They  had  under  consideration 
a  resolution,  liinding  all  members  of  the  party 
to  support  whoever  shouhi  be  nominated  at  the 
County  Convention.  The  |iropiosition  seemed 
about  to  be  passed,  when  Mr.  Minto  arose  to 
his  feet,  and  said,  "  Mr.  ('hairman,  I  ilesire  to 
say  that  I  will  not  vote  for  that  n^solution,  and 
will  not  be  bound  by  it,  even  if  it  >hould  lie 
carried  by  a  majority  of  this  convention,  and  I 
will  give  you  my  reasons:  Hefore  the  nomina- 
tions are  made,  to  eti'ect  which  this  is  the  be- 
ginning, and  before  a  jiolicy  can  be  declared  by 
the  delegates,  which  you  will  today  elect,  the 
Charleston  Convention  will  have  met  and  all  in- 
dications point  to  a  division  of    the  Democratic 


party  into  pro-slavery 


anti-slavery  pirties. 


I  wish  to  say  here  and  now  that  no  ■resolution 
that  this  meeting  can  j)as8  shall  force  me  to  vote 
for  slavery,  when  1  have  a  choice  of  voting  for 
freedom."  Ilia  views  were  accepted  by  many 
of  the  meeting,  and  he  was  congratulated  for 
having  said  the  right  thing  at  the  right  time, 
and  the  incident  is  given  to  show  the  character 
of  the  man.  Two  years  later  he  was  nominated 
and  elected  as  a  representative  to  the  State 
Legislature,  a  position  to  which  he  has  four 
times  been  elected  by  his  fellow-citizens  of  i^^a- 
rion  county.  As  soon  as  the  great  war  burst 
upon  the  country,  he  arrayeil  himself,  with  all 
his  energy,  on  the  side  of  the  Union,  and  al- 
though he  was  not  in  the  army,  he  remlered 
great  service  to  the  Union  cause  that  was  in 
peril  at  home,  and  voted  with  the  ••  Union  "  and 
since  with  the  Uepublican  party.  Mr.  Minto  has 
been  prominentia  engaged  in  slieep  and  wool 
raising  since  1849,  in  whi(di  he  haj  been  emi- 
nently successful,  and  the  attention  he  has  given 
to  the  sheep  industry  in  ( begon  has  been  of 
great  value  to  his  State,  as  he  made  himself 
thoroughlv  ac(|iiainted,  both  by  experience  and 
otherwise,    with    the    breed    and     crosses     best 


i 


5  : 


IIlsroitY    OF    (lUH(l(i\. 


}*77 


adapted  to  that  locality,  and  cijuseqiiontly  tlie 
otii'S  most  p.olitalilu  lor  I'lilttiru  in  lliiit  Stii(e. 
He  is  MOW,  and  Ims  Invn  coiitiiioiit^ly  BimrtMts 
foririutioii,  prt'sidi'iit  of  llie  North  I'ucitic  Sliccji 
I'l'cedei's"  and  Wonl  ( irowcrs'  Assdciiitioti,  hihI 
as  stock  corn'S])oiidciit  of  the  l)e])ui'tnieiit  of 
AgricidtiiR',  wrote  the  last  chapter  of  the  iiis- 
tory  of  sheep  hiisiiandry  in  the  United  Statics, 
issued  liy  the  I'urean  of  Animal  Industry  in 
1S'J2,  ileserihini;;  tlie  past  and  present  condi- 
tioTi  of  the  sheep  and  wool  interests  of  Oie 
States  of  Calit'orniH,  On'tron  and  Wasliinirton, 
Mr.  Alinto  is  the  oldest  practical  sheep  farnuu' 
on  tlie  i'acitic  slope.  ^  et,  while  hi^  lias  made 
this  a  specialty,  lie  has  hccn  ever  ready  to  help 
all  other  enterjirises  of  value  to  the  county.  In 
his  house  in  1S52  the  first  farmers'  cluh  meet- 
ing held  in  Orciron  took  place,  lie  was  amonir 
the  first  exliiliit((rs  of  orchard  fruits,  in  tlie 
earliest  days  of  fruit  cull  nre  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
He  held  for  two  years  the  position  of  Secretary 
of  the  Oret^on  State  Au'rictdtural  Society,  dur- 
ing which  time  the  society  met,  with  (jreat  suc- 
cess and  made  many  iMi|irovenicnts  anil  did  the 
State  valuable  service  in  othei'  ways.  I'hey  not 
only  had  ujoney  with  which  to  pay  all  expenses 
in  fidl.  but  spent  many  hundreds  of  dollars  o!i 
the  ground  in  many  im|U'ovenients,  and  adver- 
tised e.\tensively  the  resources  of  the  State.  Mr. 
Minto  was  also  selected  by  the  Hoard  of  Di- 
rectors of  the  Agricultural  Society  as  first 
editor  of  the  Willamette  Farmer.  When  the 
war  with  the  murderers  of  Dr.  Whitman  was 
forced  upon  the  pioneers  he  joined  thecomiianv 
(d'  IjCvi  Scott,  which  was  delaile(l  to  attempt  to 
pass  to  Galifoi'nin,  in  the  winter  of  184T-"48.  as 
escort  to  Honorable  .Jesse  A|iplcgate,  who  was 
sent  by  (Governor  Abernethy  to  make  the  eon- 
diti^n  of  the  settlers  of  Oregon  known  to  tlie 
United  States  through  the  coinnuindant  of  the 
United  States  troops,  then  ojierating  in  Cali- 
fornia, anil  to  get  ammunitiun.  if  [jossible,  with 
which  to  jirosecute  the  war,  the  Hudson's  Hay 
Compiiny  having  refused  to  sell  to  the  settlers. 
The  eH'ort  failed  on  account  of  the  deep  snows 
in  the  Siskiyou  mountains,  .\fterward.  a  |)or- 
tion  ot  tlie  company,  who  volunteered  to  pass  on 
snowshoes.  of  whom  Mr.  Minto  was  one,  siif- 
fere<i  some  severe  experiences.  During  the  raid 
of  tin;  Snakf>  and  Uiutes  in  eastern  Oregon,  in 
1878,  Mr.  Minto  left  Salem  with  a  half  <lo/.en 
repeu*iug  rifles,  setit  by  friciids  of  narties  at 
lIop])uer,  anci  an  order  from  (iovernor  Cliad- 
wicK  on  .1  udge  Savage,  of    Wasco  county,  for 

66 


twenty  stands  of  needle  gun-,  with  ammunition, 
tor  the  settlers  on  Uock  creek,  who  weie  right 
in  the  line  of  march  of  that  (iener.-il  Ilowiii'd's 
order,  published  in  the  (>regoni;in  of  .luly  I, 
said  the  ludi.'ins  would  take.  Members  of  Mr. 
Minto'sown  family  wer(>  oxjiosed.  Mr.  Minio 
had  been  in  the  settlement  the  jirevioiis  summer, 
when  .Joseph's  raid  began  in  Wallowa  county, 
and  he  knew  that  what  |)eoplu  wanted,  more 
than  any  thing  else,  was  arms  with  which  to 
defend  themselves.  Mr.  Minto  has  also  the 
honor  of  suggesting  the  best  railroad  route  over 
tlu'  (,'ascade  range,  the  route  siiue  adopte(l  by 
the  Oregon  Pacific  Kailroati.  and  it  was  decided 
to  b(>  the  best  natural  railmail  jiass  j'c^t  known 
across  the  range.  Mr.  iMiiito  went  in  search  of 
the  pass  in  obciiience  to  his  (  Marion)  coiinly 
authorities.  One  of  the  mountains  overhanging 
the  railroad  line,  an<l  immediately  south  of 
Mount  ,Jet1cr.son.  has  been  called  Minto  iiKuin 
tain.  It  is  a  grand  monument  to  pei'|ietuat(?  his 
memory  and  his  services  to  the  State. 

There  is  another  interesting  incident  con- 
nected with  the  history  of  this  worthy  pioiKu-r, 
whi(!li  is.  that  ill  IS-H.  three  years  after  his 
arrival  in  Oregon,  he  was  happily  inari'icd  to 
Miss  M.  A.  Morrison,  the  daughter  of  (Japlain 
U.  W.  Morrison,  for  whom  Mr.  Minto  worke<l 
and  wdtli  whom  he  crosse<l  the  plains.  Airs. 
Minto,  then  Miss  Morrison,  crossed  the  plains 
at  the  same  time,  and  is  in  every  sense  as  much 
of  a  pioneer  as  her  worthy  husband,  or  in  fact, 
any  other  lady  or  gentleman  in  the  State.  Tlu'y 
have  had  eight  children,  all  l)orn  in  Oregon: 
.lohn  W..  born  September  27.  1848,  has  been 
Marshal  of  the  city  of  Salem.  Sheritl"  of  the 
county  of  Marion,  and  is  now  United  Statt^s 
Weigher  and  (Tauger  in  the  otKce  of  the  Collector 
at  Portland;  Mary  Ellen,  was  born  March  Ki, 
18.J0,  and  is  now 'the  wife  of  Mr.  R.  C.  llaliey. 
residing  on  a  farm  near  Salem ;  Uobert  liurus, 
born  December  3,  IS.'ii,  and  ditnl  Janiiui-y  Iti, 
18(;8:  William  .lasper,  was  born  .\prif  27, 
1855,  is  married,  and  is  a  business  man  of 
Sahun.  having  been  a  member  of  the  Coniinoii 
Council  of  his  city;  Irwin  was  born  .\pril  S, 
ISliO,  and  died  in  1878;  both  of  these  sons,  who 
have  died,  were  tine  specimens  of  young  man- 
hood physicallv,  and  were  very  promising  and 
held  in  high  esteem  in  the  place  of  their  nativ- 
ity; Douglass  ("..  born  May  2o,  18(12,  is  now  in 
business  in  SHlem;  Ilany  PiM'cy.  born  October 
10,  18t)4,  is  now  the  Marshal'  of  the  city  of 
Salem  and  Dejiuty  Uiiiteil  States  .Marshal.    One 


iiyiJ: 


vH 


t  ■ '  1 


l;M.:  :fi 


878 


lllSTOIiY    OF    OltKdON. 


chilli  iHcmI  ill  iiifiiiicy.  Mr.  iiinl  Miv^.  Miiilo 
live  ill  tlm  on  jiiyirieiit  of  j^ooil  iiciiltii,  in  ii  jilciis- 
iilit  liiiiiK'  III'  tlioir  own  in  8aliMii,  siin'oninlcil  liy 
trees  anil  llowern  ni'  their  uwn  |iliinting,  a  littiiif^ 
iihice  in  which  tn  spyiiil  the  cveniii;;  of  a  nsel'iil 
anil  woil-s|iL'nt  life,  ami  ujiero  they  eiijuy  the 
esteem  of  a  laij^e  circle  of  frieiul.-i.  Mr.  Min- 
to'K  history  in  III'  value  to  yoiiiii^  men  f^eiierally, 
as  an  example  of  what  imliisiry  ami  sterling 
worth,  coniliineii  with  siijierior  intellect,  mui  a 
mashive  will  can  accom|ili8h  in  the  way  of  carv- 
iii;^  a  fiirtnne  out  of  raw  material. 

IpKNJAMIN  F.  WIIITKAKHU,  a  promi- 
a^^  iient  I'olU  connty  fariiK'r  ami  aiiOrei^oii 
'r^  pioneer  of  1S4S,  was  burn  in  Illinois  May 
2h,  18;{S,  son  of  nenjainin  Whitoaker,  an  hon- 
ored ( )re(i;i)n  ])ioneer  of  \S48,  now  deceased.  (See 
history  of  I).  J.  Whiteaker.  this  hook.) 

jienjamin  was  the  si.\th  of  his  father's  eight 
children,  and  was  ten  3'ears  id'  atje  when  he 
crossed  the  jilains  with  his  father  and  the  fami- 
ly. Ilia  iluty  on  the  journey  was  to  drive  the 
milch  cows  on  liorseback,  and,  althonii;li  so 
young,  he  performed  his  task  to  tlie  satisfaction 
of  all  parties.  After  the  arrival  and  settlement 
on  the  donation  claim  he  remained  with  his 
father  until  he  was  twenty-one,  when  he  went 
with  his  hrotliers  to  eastern  Washington  to  en- 
j;age  in  the  stock  liiisiness,  and  they  took  with 
them  325  head  of  yoiinj;  cattle.  In  1801  these  had 
increased  to  500  head  of  cattle,  but  on  account 
of  the  e.\treine  severity  of  the  winter  they  lost 
nearly  all  of  their  stock,  and  the  country  was 
full  of  dead  cattle;  l)ut  for  all  this  they  did  not 
despair,  .\bout  this  time  the  war  broke  out, 
mining  began  in  Idaho,  and  prices  advanced. 
This  naturally  benefited  them,  and  in  time  they 
became  wei'lthy.  Our  subject  then  went  to 
Polk  county,  and  purchased  a  half-section  of 
land  off' the  John  Fudi;e  donation  claim. 

He  married  ^liss  .Varcissa  Hammer,  a  native 
dau'diter  of  <)ret;on,  in  1803.  She  was  the 
dauirhter  of  Jacob  Hammer,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1844.  He  resided  on  his  donation  claim  in 
I'enton  county  till  18(11,  wdicn  his  death  oc- 
curred in  his  eighty-second  year.  His  wife  is 
still  living,  beloved  by  all  who  know  her.  After 
tlieir  marriaije.  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Whiteaker  resided 
a  year  in  Washington,  and  then  came  to  Ore- 
gon.    Mr.  Whiteaker  has  since  resided  on  the 


land  left  him  by  his  mother,  doing  a  large  gen- 
eral fanning  business,  rai.--ing  grain,  hay  and 
stock.  He  has  now  over  80(1  acres  of  land,  he 
having  purchased  the  land  next  to  his  mother's. 
In  1881)  lie  built  a  handsome  residence  which 
commands  a  sphMidid  view  of  the  surrounding 
country,  the  city  "f  Iude|)endence,  and  the  town 
nf  Monmouth.  The  old  home  they  lirst  lived  in, 
when  they  came  to  Oregon,  is  still  standing  on 
the  property. 

Mr.  and  ilrs.  Whiteaker  had  live  children, 
all  of  whom  are  still  living,  and  their  names  are 
as  follows;  William  11.,  resides  in  Independence; 
A.  F.,  resides  with  his  father;  Lillie  H.,  wife  ot 
W.  O.  Cook,  resides  in  Independence;  Maryetta, 
wife  of  T.  I,.  AVeaver,  an  Kvanirelical  minister, 
who  resides  at  C'orvallis;  and  Hertie,  at  home. 
Mrs.  Whiteaker  died  Januarv  3,  187(.'.  .She 
was  an  excellent  wife  and  mother,  and  her  loss 
to  her  husband  and  young  family  was  a  most 
serious  one.  Her  husband  remained  single  for 
three  years,  and  then  married  Miss  Adelaide 
Fetzer,  born  in  Salem,  Oregon,  daughter  of  Ja- 
cob Fetzer,  an  Oregon  pioneer,  of  (Terman  an- 
cestry. Mr.  and  Sirs.  Whiteaker  lia\e  three 
children,  namely:  .Vellie,  Henjaniin  Franklin 
and  Glendoii.  Mrs.  Whiteaker  is  a  member  of 
the  Evangelical  Cdiurch,  and  ber  husband  is  a 
strong  Democrat  in  politics.  Ho  is  a  good  citi- 
zen and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs  of 
his  county,  and  has  aided  in  all  the  enterprises 
tending  to  imjirove  the  county.  Ho  was  a 
stockholder  in  the  building  of  the  steamboat, 
"McMinnville,"  also  in  the  "S.  T.  Church."  In 
addition  to  this  he  was  a  stockholder  in  the 
building  of  the  warehouse  at  Independence.  Ho 
is  widely  and  favorably  known,  and  is  a  good 
re])resentative  of   the  Oregon  pioneers  of  1848, 


-^^^m^^ 


^ 


IIANDVILLK  M.  ALLEN,  an  honored 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1847,  was  born  in  A[is- 
-ouri  I)eceinber  17,  1844.  His  father, 
.'solonion  Allen,  was  born  in  Tennessee  on  1)0- 
ceniber  0,  1790,  and  married  Miss  Nancy 
I'owell,  a  native  of  ><orth  Carolina,  born  April 
8,  1802.  Eight  children  were  born  in  Mis- 
souri, six  sons  and  two  daughters.  One  of  the 
children  afterward  died  in  Missouri,  and  with 
the  rest  he  and  his  wife  made  the  journey  over- 
land to  Oregon  in  1847.  They  traveled  with 
the  usual  ox  teani,  and  came  with  a  la:ge  com- 


ii/srnnv   'II--  iii;i:ii(iy. 


STO 


;('V 
ril 

.18- 

rho 
ith 
er- 
ith 
iin- 


piiiiy.  ill  nnlcr  to  bo  jimtcotoil  tVom  miv  |Mi>sil)k> 
cncciiiiitcr  witli  tlie  IiiiliiiMS,  Init  they  wuri!  mi- 
iiuilcstod.  Tlio  st()('l<  Willi  Boiia'tiim,'  ^tiiiiihciliMl, 
liiit  was  alwav*  rectivcitMl,  ami  tlicy  liad  alto- 
<,'etli('i',  a  siiccusst'iil  and  j)loa»ant  ti'iji.  Tlioy 
tii'st  locatt'il  ill  Vain  Hill  coimtv.  wiiere  they 
|iiir('iia8eii  a  section  of  land  tor  S^'iSoO,  situated 
two  miles  Kontlieast  of  Amity,  'riicv  moved 
into  ft  small  lofj;  iioiise  mi  tiiis  land,  and  com- 
menced jiioneer  lite.  I!y  industi'y,  and  favored 
liy  the  fertile  soil  and  other  ad\  antages  of  this 
favored  country,  they  were  prosjiered  beyond 
tiieir  fondest  expectations.  They  made  many 
im|)roveinent.s  in  the  way  of  erecting  a  comfort- 
able residence  and  liir^e  barns  for  j^rain  and 
stock,  besides  highly  ciilfivatiny  the  land,  mnk- 
ing  of  it  a  very  valuable  farm.  Here  the  father 
(lied  in  1S50.  <:reatly  hiMiented  by  his  family 
and  fri(mds.  He  was  politically  a  Whig,  ami  a 
man  of  great  industry  ami  uiirightness  of  char- 
acter, and  wari  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 
II((  died  at  the  age  of  si.xty-three  years.  'I"he 
mother  .survived  her  hnsbamrs  death  several 
years,  dyin,;  in  1S64,  in  her  si.xty-second  year, 
leaving  many  friends  to  mourn  he"  loss.  The 
eldest  son.  William  I'.,  dieil  in  Southern  ( >re- 
gon,  and  left  a  family;  Mmeline  is  the  wife  of 
I.e.  iMatheny,  and  resides  in  Ashland;  dohii, 
Resides  in  Montana;  Elizabeth  is  the  wife  of 
(Jyrus  Smith,  and  resides  in  Amity  (^sec  history 
in  this  book);  Le\y  F.,  was  in  Wyoming  when 
last  heani  from;  and  the  sons,  (irandville  M. 
and  Smith,  own  the  donation  claim  on  which 
their  father  settled  when  he  came  to  th(>  Ter- 
ritory. Smith  resides  near  McMinnville,  and 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  lives  on  the  donation 
claim,  where  he  has  a  pleasant  home,  and  is 
very  prosperous. 

lie  came  to  tills  farm  when  but  two  and  a 
halfy(!arsof  age.  and  evinces  a  commendable 
spirit  in  prizing  it  biH-ause  it  was  his  father's 
and  the  homestead  on  which  he  was  reared,  lie 
walked  two  miles  to  the  district  school  at  Amity. 
When  he  became  a  man  he.  with  Smith  and 
Levi,  inherited  the  place,  when  lie  and  his 
brother  Smith  bought  the  interest  of  l^evi,  and 
divided  it  between  them,  each  retaining  315 
acres. 

Mr.  .Mleu  was  married  on  October  1-1,  1877, 
to  Miss  (lUic  K.  lieckct.  a  native  of  Oregon. 
Her  parents  arc  William  and  Jane  (Thompson) 
I'eckel.  (Jrandfather  Hugh  Thomijson  came  to 
Oregon  in  1852  with  his  family,  and  took  a  do- 


nation   claim    two    miles    north    of   the 


Salen 


bridge,  where  he  resided  until  his  d<>ath  in 
1S7~.  He  was  an  honest,  industrious  larnier, 
and  greatly  csleeiricd  by  his  neighhdrs.  (iraiid 
mother  Thoiiijison  died  in  l^(ix,  leaving  a  larf,'(> 
circle  of  friemjs  to  mourn  her  loss.  Thi' father, 
William  liecket,  died  August  '25,  1H75,  greatly 
lamented  by  his  family  and  friends.  Tin;  motiier 
still  survives,  and  resides  in  {Ilackamas  county, 
anij  is  universally  esteemed  by  her  ac(juaiiit- 
auccs  anil  friends.  The  original  donatinn  (daiin 
is  still  in  the  family,  the  elde>l  son  residing 
upon  it. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allen  have  four  children;  Ina 
I'earl,  Valine,  Le  lioy  and  Lottie  Wave,  all  in- 
telligent, and  reflecting  credit  on  the  Slate  of 
their  nativity. 

.Mr.  .\lleii  i>  a  pi'diiiiiieiit  member  "f  the  \. 
( ).  r.  W..  ill  wliicli  he  lake>  an   active    iiiteii'>t. 

He  is  a  siimihI  Republican,  and.  alllinngh  not 
a  politician  .-Irictly  speaking,  he  has  been  elected 
11  director  of  his  school  district,  and  often  serves 
(IS  Judge  of  Llections,  both  of  which  positions 
recpiire  ability  of  a  high  order  and  nnimpeacli- 
abl<!  integrity,  and  the  imlorsement  of  his 
constituents  is  most  tlattering.  .Mthough  par- 
ticiiiatiiiii  in  these  honors,  he  is  naturallv  of  a 
retiring,  domestic  disposition,  and  takes  mos, 
|)leasure  in  the  inaiiagement  of  iiis  largo  estate} 
and  in  the  society  of  his  family.  His  many 
]M'actical  virtues  have  gaiiuMi  for  him  the  esteem 
of  all  his  fellow-men,  while  his  kindly,  siaual 
nature  tends  to  strengthen  the  regard  already 
universally  entertained. 

fENJAMliN  MOKGA.X  UOlil.NSO.V.  one 
of  those  adventurous  spirits  wlfw  followed 
the  Star  of  Empire  across  the  dreary 
wasteof  intervening  plains  to(  )reironiii  IS-ti,  is  a 
native  of  New  York,  horn  in  Cayuga  county, 
January  18,  18l:i.  lie  is  of  English  ancestry, 
who  cast  their  lot  with  the  struggling  colonies 
at  an  early  day.  His  grandfather,  John  liobiii- 
son,  was  a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
distinguished  himself  in  that  memorable  strug- 
irle  fur  iiKleiieiKlence. 

The  subject  ol  our  sketch  was  reared  and 
educated  in  his  native  Slate,  and  afterward 
moved  to  Chicago,  I'linois,  where  he  resided 
until  18  14,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon. 
He  was  unaccompanied  by  relatives  or  friends, 
but  found  both  in  the  family  of  Mr. 'Joel  Chris- 


»80 


iiisToi:)'  Oh'  on !•:(!( IS'. 


iiimi,  wild  toi'iii(!il  a  piirt.  nt'  tlic  ciiiiipiiiiy  witli 
which  ih(!  Iiiii)^  omtIiiihI  joiinii-y  wiis  iiiiido. 
They  triivulud  with  the  ciihtonmry  ox  tuaiiiw,  and 
hiul  nil  oil  jiiyiiiiic  ti'i|i,  devoid  of  nil  Kickiiess  or 
ti'oiil>ic  with  the  liiiliiiiiri.  Altliiiu;;h  this  tiiifrht 
HU(!iii  toil  liihoi'ioiiH  II  mode  of  tiaiisportatioii  Tor 
such  nil  etiiei-eii!  lunl  |ileitHiiru  loviin;  individual 
ns  Cupid,  yet,  ntraii^e  to  f^iiy,  he  toiiowcd  tlioe 
ciiiif;raMt.s  witii  iiKhiatij^aiiie  zeal,  heiit,  as  ever, 
(III  his  iiiischicvoiis  iiiaehiiiatioiis.  Ilnwuver 
(ihlivioiis  others  iriifrht  have  heeii  to  iiis  pres- 
ence, two  ol'  this  jiaity  were  deeply  eonseioiis 
ot  it  —  Mr.  Koiiiiison  ami  Mrs.  Chrisiiiiiirs 
ehaniiiiif;  yoiiii;,'  <laiii^liter  Kliziiheth,  to  whose 
iiifatiialed  eyes,  this  dreary  wa.'^te  liecaiiie  a 
lieautil'iil  vista  which  led  to  paradise.  Thus 
joiiriicviiijf  they  caiiie  to  the  Dalles,  whence 
tli(!y  descended  the  Coliiiniiia  river  mid  ascended 
the  Willaiiietto,  Hiiiilly  nrrivinjj  ntOref^'on  ('ity, 
wliicli  was  then  a  little  station  of  the  Hudson's 
l!ay  Company.  Here  N[r.  Rohinson  remained 
durint,'  the  winter,  and  in  the  early  sprinif  caiiio 
to  Vain  Hill  county,  where  he  took  u|)  a  iloiia- 
tion   chiini.  the  same   on  which  lie  ncnv  resides. 

His  liome-inalviiij^  was  not  for  himself  alone, 
tor  on  April  2'i,  1845,  lie  was  married  to  AHhs 
Klizaheth  .! .  < 'hrisinan,  and  lie  and  his  young 
hridj  coininenced  tVontier  life  toi^ether.  She 
was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  their  marriage 
WIS  the  first  of  wliite  persons  that  had  occurred 
in  Vain   Hill  oounty. 

The  little  log  caliin  ciiutinued  to  ho  their 
liome  for  many  years,  wliere  they  resided  in  con- 
tentment, until  the  rumors  of  {^old  discoveries 
in  California  reached  the  cars  of  the  young  lius- 
hand.  He  finally  concluded  to  seek  his  fortune 
in  that  golden  land,  and  accordingly  left  his 
wife  ami  two  haliies  with  a  relative,  while  he 
worked  in  the  placer  mines  on  the  ^'uba  river. 
He  coiitimied  there  for  about  :i  year,  meeting 
with  fair  success,  when  he  was  taken  ill,  and  re- 
turned to  his  homo  in  Oregon.  He  had  entirely 
recovered  from  the  gold  fever,  and  ever  after- 
ward was  coiitentcil  to  remain  in  his  Oregon 
home,  wliere  he  has  always  lived  an  industrious, 
honest  life,  and  thus  gained  the  esteem  of  his 
community. 

On  February  28,  1891.  his  wife,  the  faithful 
companion  of  forty-six  years  of  his  life,  expired 
in  the  inidstof  her  family  and  friends.  She  was 
a  lady  of  unusual  intelligence,  and  possessed 
many  charms  of  person  and  manner.  She  was 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  K[)iscopal  Church, 
and  a  practical  observer  of  the  Christian  virtues. 


to  which  she  li'iit  the  enthusiasm  of  a  naturally 
loving  heart,  and  she  was  greatly  lamented  by 
all  who  knew  her. 

They  iiail  live  (diihlieii,  two  of  whom  are  now 
living,  both  residing  on  the  home  fariii.  Mrs. 
(Jilkey  and  Mrs.  .StiUvell.  To  each  of  these 
daughters  he  gu\c  100  acres  of  the  original  do- 
nation elaiiii,  and  he  is  now  spending  his  declin- 
ing years  with  his  'ddest  daughter,  .Mrs.  Mary 
A.  (iilkey. 

This  daughter  is  one  of  the  two  ladies  who  hail 
the  honor  of  first  climbing  to  the  top  of  Mount 
Hood.  She  is  a  graduate  of  the  Willanictte 
I'liiversity,  class  of  LSfiO,  and  was  for  tifteen 
years  an  etlicient  teacher  in  the  |Hililic  schools, 
and  was  also,  for  some  time  the  preceptress  of 
the  academy,  which  was  connected  with  the 
I'acitic  I'liiversity.  She  was  married  January 
iiary  1(5,  1880,  to  Mr.  William  F.  (Jilkey,  a 
native  of  New  Hampshire,  a  millwright  by 
trade,  now  a  highly  res|iected  cilizen  of  Orciron, 
and  they  now  reside  on  the  farm  on  which  his 
wife  was  born.  She  is  an  active  and  \alued 
member  of  the  Methodist  ('hurcli,  and  when  the 
churcli  edifice  was  burned,  she  came  to  their  aid, 
and  was  a  prominent  helper  in  its  rebuilding. 
She  raised  the  money  by  siibscriptiim,  and  it  was 
not  long  before  a  substantial  new  chnrcli  build- 
ing stood  u])on  the  ashes  of  the  former  house  of 
worship. 

In  187f')  Mrs.  (Jilkey  took  ,in  extended  trip 
Hast,  visiting  the  Centennial  Exjiosition,  and 
seeing  something  of  the  vastiicss  of  her  native 
country;  also  in  1887,  in  company  with  her 
husband,  visited  his  native  home. 

The  second  daughter,  Kliza,  also  graduated 
from  the  Willamelto  University,  in  the  class  of 
1871,  and  afterward  became  a  successful  teacdier, 
in  which  vocation  she  continued  for  two  years. 
She  was  then,  in  187.i,  married  to  Afr.  John  IS. 
Stilwell,  a  native  of  Litchtield,  Michigan,  now 
a  well-known  and  esteemed  citizen  of  Dayton, 
Oregon.  They  also  reside  on  the  original  claim, 
which  their  parents  rescued  from  the  wild 
prairie  in  1845.  ^fr.  Stilwell  has  made  teaching 
his  profession  for  years,  and  has  the  rare  ability 
of  conveying  his  knowledge  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  enlist  the  eiithusiasin  of  his  piiiiils.  He  is 
iiuite  proininent  in  church  affairs,  and  for  five 
years  has  been  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school. 

ilr.  and  Mrs.  Stilwell  have  five  children,  three 
daughters  and  two  sons,  all  of  whom  are  intelli- 
gent, and  give  fair  |iroinise  of  rellecting  honor 


iirsTnnr  of  oiiKnns*. 


m 


on  till'  Stiiti'  cjf  llu'ir  iiiilivity :  l.ciui.  llic  (iMot, 
is  now  at  ciillcc^rt",  (Iliirc  ('..  Inn,  .lolm  II.  iiiiil 
Miiry.  lire  still  iit  Iioiik'. 

Mr.  IJiiliiiisdii,  wlioHc  wMiiili'riiif;?*  1111(1  viciKHJ- 
Iiidc's  \v(!  Imvc  rdllowuil  f(ii-  !*ii  iniiiiy  yi'iiis  and 
wliii'li  liavi'  Ipucii  (•((iiiiircs.-L'tl  into  .-o  sinull  a 
8pa(;L'.  is  now  in  lii«  suvunty-ninlli  yvnv,  diiriii;; 
nil  of  wliicli  time  iio  lias  never  varied  t'roiii  his 
ciiHtoiiiar}'  niirij^lit  and  industrioim  career,  lie 
lias  alliliated  In  [loliticB  witli  the  Democratic 
jmrty.  the  iiriiiciijles  of  svliieh  a|i|)fared  to  liiin 
the  most  eoiniiieiidalilc.  It  is  throii^'h  the  in- 
lliience  of  micli  sons  as  he  that  Orcfjoii  has 
taken  her  iiroiid  stand  amontr  the  >ister  States, 
mid  [ilanted  her  haniier  on  the  raiiiprtrts  of 
the  nation. 


-=«-<? 


ton  MANN  I  .\'(i,  one  of  the  prosperous 
fanners  residing  near  llillshoroni^h  in 
Washington  eonnty,  ( )reffon,  was  horn  in 
Washington  county,  New  York,  Decern  her  12, 
183f),  son  of  William  and  Kster  Ann  (Rogers) 
Manninj;,  both  natives  of  the  l-jiipire  fState.  lie 
is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  four  children,  two 
oi'  whom  are  deceased.  His  father  died  of 
typhoid  fever  when  Loui  was  thirteen  years  old, 
and  at  that  early  age  lie  was  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources.  At  first  he  worked  for  ^4  per 
month,  and  it  was  nine  years  before  he  received 
more  than  ^',1  per  month,  notwithstanding  he  had 
grown  to  lie  a  man  and  was  a  good  hand.  In 
185i3  he  went  ti)  Ohio,  where  for  two  years  he 
was  en<.;aged  in  buying  jiroduce  for  an  uncle  in 
that  State.  In  lS5u  he  went  to  Kansas,  then  to 
I'ike's  Peak,  in  185',l,  making  and  losing  a 
fortune  at  the  latter  place.  lie  started  a  horse 
ranch,  had  ^7,000  worth  of  horses  stolen  from 
liim  by  the  InJiaiis.  and  this  discouragement  i 
caused  him  to  abandon  the  enterprise,  and  in 
1804:  he  came  West  as  far  as  Idaho.  Then  he 
spent  otie  year  ])ros])ecting  in  the  Rocky  mount- 
ains. In  18()5  he  came  to  Portland,  wl.ere  he 
was  for  some  time  engaged  in  building  flat-boats. 
Ne.\t  we  find  him  conducting  a  dairy  on  Sauvies 
island  and  selling  his  product  in  Portland.  In 
1860  lu>  went  to  eastern  Oregon,  where  for  four- 
teen years  he  was  engaged  in  raising  horses,  at 
times  having  as  many  as  250  head.  At  first  he 
gave  his  attention  to  thoroughbreds  and  draft 
horses  anti  afterward  to  trotters.  In  1882  he 
came  to  Washington  county  and  took  a  donation 


cliiiin  of  .'(:,'(!  acres,  two  miles  iioilli  ol  Hills 
borough,  which  properl\  he  has  since  ilcvrlopcd 
into  his  iire-cnt  beautiful  and  valuable  farm. 

.Iiiiiiiiiiy  M,  IST'J.  Mr.  Manning  iimriied  Mrs. 
Sarah  Kli/.abelh  Wilcox,  who  r'aiii  ■  to  ( )regoii  in 
iSfi"),  and  who  was  born  in  Missonii  Scptenibcr 
2s,  ix:it),  daiightcnd'  Wuoi'seM  Si  oir<;iii,  anative 
of  'I'ennessee.  She  has  liirce  children  by  her 
former  marriage,  natnelv:  Marinn  Wilcox,  of 
I'orthind;  William  L.  Wilco.x,  who  is  now 
serving  his  se<'ond  term  as  Sherilf  of  (iillinm 
county,  Oregon,  and  Mary  l,eti<'ia,  wife  of 
Reuben  P.  Simon,  also  a  resident  of  (illliaiii 
county.  Mrs.  .Manning  is  a  worthy  member  of 
the  ( 'oiigregatioiial  ('liiircli  at  Hillsborough. 

Politi<'ally  jMr.  Manning  alliliates  with  the 
Democratic  ])arty.  lie  is  a  man  who  stands 
high  ill  the  commuiiitv  in  which  he  resides  and 
is  in  every  way  worthy  of  the  respect  and  esteem 
in  which  he  is  held  by  all  who  know  him. 


'<y£i\-'.  .1' 


f.WID  STKINKR.  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  Sleiner  &  l!liis.-er,  Salem,  Oregon, 
is  a  native  of  the  .Stale  of  ( lliio,  born  .lan- 
uary  25,184:5.  His  father,  ( 'hristiaii  Sleiner, 
emigrated  from  Switzerland  to  the  United  Slates 
in  1827,  and  settleil  in  Wayne  county,  Ohio; 
lu'  married  Miss  Barbara  llilty,  a  native  of 
Switzerland,  and  of  this  union  ten  children  were 
born,  seven  of  whom  survive.  David  Sfeinei- 
is  the  third  in  order  of  birth;  he  was  reined  to 
the  life  of  a  fariiK'r,  and  received  his  education 
in  the  common  schools;  he  served  an  apjireii- 
ticeship  at  the  tinners'  trade  at  liiifKiigton, 
Allen  county,  Ohio,  and  there  followed  this 
vocation  for  a  period  of  ten  years. 

In  1870  he  made  a  trip  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
but  did  not  locate  here  permanently  until  1881, 
when  he  removed  to  Salem.  In  Feluiiary,  1882, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  Abraham  lilosser, 
his  brother-in-law,  and  they  havi'  since  built  up 
one  of  the  most  iniporliint  and  profitable  traders 
in  the  city.  They  first  rented  a  store  on  State 
street,  and  occupied  this  building  until  1887, 
when  tl'.ey  purchased  the  block  they  now  occupy; 
they  carry  a  large  stock  of  stoves,  furnaces,  and 
tin  roofing,  and  do  a  large  business  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  tinware.  Mr.  IMosser  has  charge  of 
the  manufacturing  establishment,  and  Air. 
Steiner  directs  the  large  force  of  men  they  em- 
ploy on  outside  work.     They  are  pushing,  eiier- 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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f^etic  men,  jwssessml  of  exct'llont  biiKiiiess  (jiial- 
itications,  and  merit  tlie  siicccs'  witli  wliii-li 
tlmy  have  met. 

Mr.  Steincr  was  married,  in  1S71,  to  Miss 
Mary  Si'liuiier,  a  native  of  Switzerland;  tliis 
union  lias  lieen  lilcssed  witii  three  children,  who 
were  liorn  in  Ohio:  AlhcM't  Henry,  Armin 
Theodore  and  Lillie  K.;  the  older  son  is  in  his 
father's  emiiloy;  .\rmin  is  learning  the  drnu; 
trade,  and  f.illie  is  attending  school.  I'oliti- 
cally,  Mr.  Steiner  snpport.s  the  issues  of  the 
Deinoeratic  part}',  lie  ih  a  memlicr  of  the 
Koyal  .\rrauinn,  a  secret  society  which  insures 
its  members  for  *;{,()()(),  and  gives  them  ati  al- 
lowance, if  re([Mired,  when  sick.  Jle  is  u  man 
of  excellent  linsiness  (|Mali(ications,  and  highly 
r<fgarded  in  commercial  circles  throughout  the 
State. 


-^< 


>i-j=— 


»()N.  J.  ().  ST  A  ATS.  of  Airlie.  Polk 
county.  Oregon,  has  the  honor  of  being 
^._  one  of  I'olk  county's  native  sons.  He 
was  born  I)e(^end>er  .'>.  1851.  and  springs  from 
noble  German  ancestry,  who  came  to  .\merica 
early  in  the  history  of  the  country.  au<l  settled 
in  the  State  of  New  ^'ork.  His  father.  Isaac 
Staats,  was  born  in  .Mbauy.  New  '>'(irk,  Sep- 
tember '23.  1814.  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
State,  but  came  to  Orej^on  in  184.")  and  married. 
May  10.  184(J.  a  Miss  Orlcna  Williams,  a  native 
of  Tennessee,  liorn  March  4,  1827,  dauiihter 
of  .lames  V,.  Williams.  Mr.  Staats  took  a  deep 
interest  in  the  p(]|itics  of  Oregon.  He  was  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  and  was  the  first  jiost- 
uiaster  ajipoiTited  on  the  Luckamute;  he  also 
wa.s  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  that  vicin- 
ity, and  lielil  that  othce  so  satisfactorily  that  he 
was  c^intinucd  in  olHc.e  for  twenty-live  to  thirty 
years,  and  during  that  time  never  had  one  of 
liii.  decrees  I'cversed.  He  was  an  enterprisiufr 
farmer,  who  reared  a  family  of  seven  children, 
tixeofwhom  are  settle,  nea"  whore  they  were 
bo 'u.  all  of  them  beinjjf  worthy  citizens.  The 
fa'.hcr  died  Augn.-t  t,  1889,  but  his  wife  still 
s\irvi\(>  him,  residing  on  the  original  donation 
claim,  where  she  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  all  who  know  her. 

Onr  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  attended  the  pnblic  scliools.  I,ater 
he  was  sent  to  the  Willumetle  University  at 
Salem.      After  this  he  served  as  clerk  in  a  store 


for  two  years,  learning  the  management  of  a 
business,  which  knowledge  proved  to  be  of 
great  value  to  him  later  on.  He  then  rented  a 
portion  of  his  father's  farm  and  farmed  it  for 
some  time,  when  he  inherited  fifty  acres  of  his 
father's  estate,  to  which  he  has  added  until  he 
now  has  220  acres  of  choice  land.  On  an  emi- 
nence overlooking  the  CTitire  Luckamute  valley 
he  has  built  a  comfortable  residence,  where  lie 
resides  with  his  wife  and  only  chihl,  a  daugh- 
ter. Bertha,  born  .November  10.  1878. 

Our  subject  was  married,  May  4,  1876,  to 
Kliza  J.  .\llen,  born  in  Washington  county, 
Oregon,  September  21, 1801,  daughter  of  James 
Allen,  of  Iowa,  and  an  Oregon  pioneer. 

Mr.  Staats  is  an  intelligent  man  ami  a  snc- 
cessful  farmer.  In  politics  he  is  a  strong  Dem- 
ocrat, and  takes  a  deej)  interest  in  j)olitical 
affairs.  At  the  general  election  held  in  June, 
189(t,  he  was  elected  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  to 
succeed  his  lather,  which  position  he  filled  cred- 
itably for  two  years. 

In  1802  he  was  nominated  for  State  Hepre- 
gentative,  and  he  made  a  successful  ami  credit- 
able canvas  of  the  county,  evincing  great 
aliility  in  his  speeclies.  lie  showed  bis  popu- 
larity with  the  people  by  receiving,  in  a  very 
dose  election,  a  nuijority  of  272  votes,  running 
considerably  ahead  of  hi.-  ticket.  Mr.  Staats 
has  a  level  head,  and  will  make  a  record  to  be 
proud  of  i  his  term  in  the  House.  Whatever 
position  he  may  bo  called  u[)on  to  fill  in  the 
future,  the  people  of  his  county  mav  feel  assured 
that  he  will  do  his  best  for  his  State  anil  county. 

.VLTKU  S.  BROWN,  a  mitive  of  Jo- 
sephine county.  Oregon,  was  born  Jan- 
miry  17,  18o!i.  His  father,  Joseph 
liroWM.  a  native  of  Missouri,  crossed  the  ijlains 
to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  subsequently  married 
Miss  Klizabeth  Hay,  who  arrived  in  Oregon 
with  the  emigration  of  1854.  They  an;  now 
located  ujiou  a  fruit  farm  near  Corvallis. 

\\'alter  S.  was  e<lucated  at  Harrisburg  and 
began  to  support  himself  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  by  entering  the  stock  business  in  Grant 
county,  as  laborer,  and  by  saving  his  wages  and 
investing  them  in  cattle,  he  gradually  worked 
into  th(!  I)usiiu!8s.  He  subsequently  pre-empted 
ItiO  acres  of  land  as  head<juarters  and  Cor  corral 
purpo.'^es  and  with  free  grazing  throughout   the 


nrsTo/ir  of  on/iaoN. 


m 


country,  liis  eattlt-  niii  at  large,  liis  Imml  viiry- 
iiig  from  300  to  800  head,  aceonliiiii;  to  the  con- 
dition of  tlic  market,  ("rossiiiir  the  coinmon 
cow  with  the  (ialloway  stock,  lie  has  produced 
a  breed  well  adapted  to  the  <'oiintry,  beiiii;  linrdy, 
good  ffrazers  and  iilile  alike  to  endure  the  ilitli- 
cultiea  of  the  severe  winters  and  the  heat  of  the 
summers.  Mr.  JSrowii  has  also  100  head  of 
horses,  well-hred  and  fine  stock  for  i^eneral 
utility  of  purpose.  Residiufr  upon  his  ranch  in 
Grant  county  until  1891  he  then  i'emt)veil  to  the 
vicinity  of  IIarrisl)urir,  where  lit?  owns  210 
acres  of  land  adjoining  the  town  and  500  acres 
five  miles  south  in  Lane  county.  He  sows 
annually  about  400  acres  of  grain  and  continues 
his  stock  interests. 

lie  was  married  in  his  present  home,  then 
ow'icd  liy  his  t'ather-in-law,  to  Miss  Minnie 
lloult,  March  4,  1885.  She  is  a  dauirhter  of 
Enoch  Iloult,  a  pioneer  of  1852,  and  a  promi- 
nent person  in  political  affairs,  having  been  a 
memlier  of  the  ('onstitutional  Convention,  and 
several  times  elected  to  the  State  Legislature. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  have  two  children,  Car- 
lyle  and  Iloult.  Mr.  Urown  is  a  member  of 
L  ().().  F.,  i>ut  has  given  but  little  attention  to 
jiolitical  affairs,  as  liis  life  has  been  devoted  to 
stock  and  agricultural  pursuits,  in  which  he  has 
been  very  successful. 

a:^    :@©-^-^^^ 

fK()R(iE  IIEUU.VLL.  one  of  I'ortlandV 
pioneers  and  successful  business  men,  is  a 
native  of  I'aden  I'aden.  (iermany,  liorn  on 
the  nineteenth  day  of  November.  1832.  Tliei'e 
lie  was  reared  and  edncateil  and  learned  the  trade 
of  brc'Wer,  and  cooper.  In  1850  lie  removed  to 
Alsace,  France,  and  worked  at  his  trade  until 
1852.  when  he  sailed  for  New  York  on  the  steam- 
ship "Yankee  Blade."  He  worked  his  passage 
as  carpenter's  mate,  and  received  for  his  serv- 
ices SI  and  bis  passage  to  the  United  States. 
After  landing  in  New  York  he  made  his  way 
westward  to  ( >liio  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  tlia* 
stnte,  eight  months.  He  then  removed  to  Gale- 
na, Illinois,  and  there  became  acquainted  with 
U.  S.  Grant,  who  afterward  became  the  greatest 
soldier  of  any  country,  in  his  time.  In  the  spring 
of  1854,  still  bent  on  the  westward  course,  he  en- 
tered into  an  agreement  to  help  drive  125  horses 
across  the  plains  to  California  for  his  board. 
While  on  this  perilous  journey,  at  Willow  creek. 


a  band  of  what  he  understood  lo  be  Mormons 
jilalined  to  attad;  ihcm,  and  rob  IJieiii  of  their 
Morses.  A  Frenchman,  who  had  aoniewiiv  heard 
of  the  plot,  told  them  to  be  on  their  guard  as 
mischief  was  intended:  so  they  were  prepared 
for  the  attack.  Five  of  the  company  received 
gunshot  wininda.  .Mr.  Ilerrall  was  wounded 
ill  the  leg.  but  soon  recovered.  The  bodies  of 
three  of  the  attacking  parties  were  left  on  thetield 
of  battle.  The  coinpanv  made  a  successful  trip, 
arriving  at  their  destiiiation  in  safety.  Mr. 
Ilerrall  went  to  the  mines  in  <  >regon  and  en- 
gaged in  placer  mining.  Here  fortune  favored 
him  and  he  met  with  satisfactory  success.  The 
largest  find  of  gold  he  found  was  worth  #45. 
One  piece,  weighing  an  ounce,  he  has  kept  as  a 
relic,  of  his  mining  days.  In  .losepliine  county, 
in  1855,  the  Indians  l)roke  out  and  all  were 
obliged  to  leave  the  mountains  for  safety.  Mr. 
Ilerrall,  with  others  of  the  miners,  organized  a 
Company  to  ])rotect  theiiistdves.  About  thirty- 
five  of  them  in  all.  served  under  Major  Bradford, 
who  is  still  living.  They  used  doiible-barreleci 
shotguns,  with  buck  shot,  anil  the  Inilians  fled 
before  them.  In  later  years  the  Indian  war  vet- 
erans crgiinized  an  association  and  .Mr.  Ilerrall 
wears  a  handsome  "old  badge  as  a  token  of  his 
services  to  the  country  in  the  Inclian  war,  and 
as  also  a  proof  of  niembershi|i  in  the  Indian  War 
Veteran  Society,  lie  mined  for  about  live  years 
in  Oregon,  and  in  18()1.  was  offered  S7o,0()0  for 
his  mining  interest.  Not  long  after  the  flood 
swept  it  all  away.  He  was  for  a  time  in  ("res- 
cent  (3ity.  Del  Norte  county.  (Jalifornia,  and  in 
March.  1S02.  came  to  I'ortland.  Ho  had  first 
gone  to  Malio,  but  did  not  Mkc  it.  so  decided  to 
try  I'ortland.  He  here  took  a  position  as  porter 
in  a  store,  later  liee'igage<l  in  tliegroccr\'  ami 
provision  business,  and  conducted  itsuccessfiillv 
eleven  years,  then  sold  out  and,  in  1870,  became 
a  brewer.  It  is  in  this  business  that  he  has  been 
engage<l  ever  since  and  in  which  he  has  made 
his  entire  fortune.  His  lirst  brew(>ry  was  a  small 
affair  on  Front  street  between  (Juliinibia  and 
Clay,  where  he  continueil  three  years,  doing  a 
remunerative  and  increasing  business.  In  1879 
he  purchased  his  present  proi)eity,  located  on 
Harrison  an<l  Water  streets,  where  he  owns  a 
block  and  a  third.  Here  he  has  built  the  I'nited 
States  Brewery  and  a  line  residence.  ;ilso  si!veral 
other  buildings.  When  he  went  to  the  locality 
he  had  to  cut  the  trees  to  make  room  for  his 
buildings.  Mr.  Heirall  has  invested  in  other 
city   property  and  theeiihanccd  valui'  of  it  alone 


884 


It  I  STORY    OP   OBKOON. 


Iiiia  Ih'lmi  hiilHcit.'iit  tu  iiiukf  liiiti  I'icli.  11  in 
brewery  business  has  lieuii  one  of  coiistiiiit  pros- 
lierity.  lie  was  iiiai'i-itMi  in  IhoS,  t(»  Miss  Mary 
Anne  (irittin,  a  native  of  Iri'laml.  Two  sons 
Were  born  to  tlieni  in  Portland,  (Jeorifc  llerrali, 
.Ir.  and  CliarlesW.  llerrali.  Hotli  were  born 
and  bave  ijeen  raised  and  edncated  in  the  city  of 
Portland  and  are  now  conneeted  with  their 
father  in  his  business,  and  are  capable  and  oblig- 
ing younjf  buainess    men. 

Mrs.  llerrali  di(^d  on  the  20th  of  Noveniiier. 
IStjy.  and  in  tluly  of  the  year  followini?.  Mr. 
llerrali  married  Miss  Mary  Ann  Cross,  a  native 
of  Knij,laM<l. 

Ml',  llerrali  is  a  membjr  of  the  I.  O.  O.  V. 
in  all  its  branches  and  is  a  member  of  several 
<jf  the  (iernian  <duirilable  socities.  lie  voted 
tor  President  Lincoln  and  all  the  Kepubliean 
j)rcsidents  until  .Mr.  Cleveland  ran.  when  he 
gave  him  iiis  vote  and  now  is  indepenilent  in 
his  pc)litieH,  at  liberty  to  vote  with  the  party 
that  comes  nearest  to  iiis  ideas  of  rii^ht.  Mr. 
llerrali  has  been  a  man  of  integrity  and  by  close 
attention  to  business  has  attained  his  present 
l)ro8perity. 

^^  'W&'^S  -^ '  ^^ 

loUNELIUS  I!.  KOHKUTS.  an  influential 
citizen  of  rnnitilla  county,  Orej^on, 
was  born  in  Huclnimm  county,  Missoi  ri, 
(  K'tober '.iT,  1M54.  His  father,  Jesse  Uoberts,  a 
i'ientM<'Uian  by  birth,  nnirried  Mise  Virginia  C. 
liurris,  a  Virginian.  The  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  Cornelius  iJoberta,  of 
Hncbinan  county,  Missouri,  a  wealthy  planter 
and  slaveholder,  but  a  loyal  rnionist.  He  was 
County  tludgeof  this  county  during  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion.  Jesse  Koberts,  the  father,  moved 
to  Kansas  in  iSoti  and  located  on  a  claim  on 
which  a  part  of  theeity  of  Leavenworth  is  now^ 
built.  In  IMi^t.  one  of  the  most  tiying  years  of 
.the  wai.tlie  father  lost  most  heavily  in  business, 
investments  depreciating  more  tiian  KM)  per 
cent  during  this  year.  Tiie  loss  was  keenly  felt 
by  the  entire  family,  but  especially  ('ornelius, 
till' oiliest  sor.,  who  above  all  things  coveted  a 
liberal  education. 

All  time  not  re(|iiired  by  his  parents  from  his 
tenth  to  nineteenth  year  was  sjient  in  the  school- 
room, and  at  that  age  lie  left  his  native  State  and 
emigrated  to  Oregon,  there  engaging  alternate- 
ly in  attending  school  and  teaching,  until  the 
summer    of    187S,   when  there  was  an  attack  of 


the  Snake  Indians.  There  was  a  call  for  a  State 
Militia,  and  ilr.  Woberts  promptly  offered  his 
services  and  was  chosen  Second  Lieutenant  of 
his  company  and  performed  valuable  services  as 
scout,  and  correspondent  for  several  newspapers, 
among  them  the  I'last  Oregonian. 

Having  acquired  a  love  for  newspaper  wurk, 
he  spent  the  next  five  years  at  thai  vocation,  and 
as  reporter  and  editor  became  well  known  as  a 
\  igorous  writer.  He  is  present  editor  of  the 
Oregon  Herald. 

Mr.  Uoberts  was  married  in  1S83,  to  Miss 
Sarah  I'"..  Pendleton,  niece  of  .Senator  Pendleton, 
for  whom  the  city  of  Pendleton  is  named. 

Mrs.  Uoberts  was  born  in  Missouri,  is  a  well 
educated  lady  and  a  valued  member  of  the 
Methodist  Kpiscopal  Church. 

Her  pareiitss  emigrated  to  Oregon  while  she 
was  (juite  small.  She  received  her  encation  in 
Marion  county. 

Soon  after  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rob- 
erts came  to  Umatilla  county,  and  secured  1(50 
acres  of  land,  to  which  they  kejit  adding  land 
and  siieep  until  they  now  have  more  than  2,(100 
acres  of  land  and  l,50(t  choice  sheep,  of  which, 
with  true  Scotch  characteristics,  they  are  very 
proud,  Mr.  Koberts  remarking  that  no  genera- 
tion of  the  family  have  been  without  sheep, 
since  his  great  granilparents,  who  owned  twenty 
score  of  Cheviots  in  the  Cheviot  Hills  of  Scot- 
land in  the  year  1711.  Mr.  Roberts  has  now 
reached  a  period  in  life  when  he  can  take  things 
a  little  more  comfortably ;  but  the  habit  of  a  life- 
time cannot  be  easily  changed;  so  ho  takes  a 
very  active  interest  in  political  afl'airs. 

He  was  honored  witli  nomination  I'or  the  Rep- 
resentative from  his  district,  and  although  the 
party  that  nominated  him  was  in  the  minority 
lie  would  lia'((  been  elected,  had  nor  the  Repub- 
licans told  iiie  Indians  that,  should  the  Demo- 
crats come  in  power,  it  was  their  intention  to 
serve  the  Indians  of  the  West  as  they  had  the 
negroes  of  the  South,  namely,  make  slavt^s  of 
them. 

Mr.  Roberts  is  a  Mason  ami  a  sincere  (iliurch 
menib(»r. 


e©^--<'K 


?AMES  V.  P.HWLKV,  deceased,  was  an  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  18-17,  and  a  highly  respected 
and  enterprising  citizen.      He  was   born   in 
Tennessee,  April  'J,  182s,  the  son   of  John   W 


"' 


U I  STORY    OF    ORBaoN. 


VHTi 


U 


and  Ctttliorine  (Ellib)  Hewley,  hotli  of  wIkhii  were 
natives  of  Tonricssfc.  Of  tlieir  twelve  cliildren, 
tiv«  are  still  living. 

Mr.  liewley,  the  tliird  child  in  tlie  above  fam- 
ily, removed  to  IndinnH,  ami  afterward  to  Mis- 
BOiiri,  and  tinally,  in  1847,  the  family  made  the 
long  journey  to  this  State  with  ox  teams.  They 
tirHt  stopjied  at  Whitman's  mission,  where  their 
son,  Crocket  A.  I'owley,  was  one  of  the  killed, 
wiien  Dr.  Whitman  and  others  were  massacred 
by  the  Indians.  Soon  afterward  the  father  died, 
and  the  family  settled  at  Oregon  City,  and  re- 
mained there  until  IS+S).  They  then  moved  to 
Yam  Hill  connty,  where  the  motiier  married 
Colonel  .1.  r>.  Gravet^.  Her  death  occurred  at 
Salem  in  1867. 

In  the  spring  of  18r)2,  Mr.  I'.ewley,  our  snl)- 
ject,  took  up  his  donation  claim  near  Sheridan, 
a  half  section  of  land.  The  following  Sejitem- 
ber  he  was  married,  and  he  moved  upon  Iiis 
land,  occupying  a  small  aiul  cliea|)  frame  house. 
In  1860  he  solil  out  and  moved  to  his  wife's 
father's  donation  claim,  320  acres,  which  he  pur- 
chased and  proceeded  to  improve  and  cultivate, 
making  it  a  valualde  piece  of  ])roperty.  In 
1882  he  retired  from  the  farm,  and  resided  ten 
months  at  Forest  Grove,  and  then  came  to 
AIcMinnville  and  purchased  a  tive-acre  l)lock, 
and  erected  upon  it  a  nice  re8iden<'e.  now  in  the 
corporate  limits;  it  is  a  very  ])ictures(jue  loca- 
tion. In  this  pleasant  honu'  they  resided,  at 
the  same  time  carrying  on  the  farm  until  1888, 
when  Mr.  Bewley  was  recklessly  shot  l>y  a  young 
marshal  at  Sheridan.  This  sad  event  was  lirought 
about  in  this  way:  There  was  snuill-|)c)\  at 
McMinnville,  atul  the  place  was  ipnirantined. 
Mr.  Iiewley  went  to  his  farm,  and  stopped  to  see 
a  man  at  Sheridan,  when  the  officer  met  him 
and  a  colloquy  occurred,  in  which  Mr.  Bewley 
wasorderetl  to  throw  up  his  hands.  lie  had  no 
sooner  done  so  than  he  was  shot  and  killed.  His 
son  attem|)ted  to  shoot  the  murder-  but  failed. 
Mr.  I'ewley  was  in  his  sixtieth  yeai.  lie  was  a 
successful,  enterprising  and  reliable  citizen.  In 
Ills  political  principles  he  was  a  Ue|)ul)Iican; 
was  a  strong  suppiu-ter  of  U.S.   (irant. 

The  son  was  married  in  October,  1888,  to 
Annie  U.  Young,  a  native  of  New  York,  and  he 
Ib  now  managing  the  farm. 

September  12,  18r)2.  is  the  date  of  Mr. 
Bewley 's  marriage  to  Miss  Lucy  E.  Graves,  a 
native  of  Missouri,  and  the  daughter  of  Colonel 
Graves,  his  stepfather:  The  (iraves  family  were 
also  pioneers  of  1847.     Mr.  and   Mrs.  Bewley's 


first  son  l)orn  in  Oregon,  was  naiiieil  Crocket  .\., 
to  commemorate  Mr.  liewley's  brother,  who  was 
killed  by  the  Indians.  This  son  was  born  .Inly 
;U.  1853,  but  he  ilied  while  yet  a  boy.  Tiiu 
second  and  only  other  child,  IJoswell  !,.,  was 
born  December  21,  1864.  Mrs.  IJewley  resides 
at  the  home  in  McMinnville.  She  is  .lunior 
\'ice- ['resident  of  the  Woniiurs  Uelief  ("orps  of 
Custer  I'ost,  No.  5,  G.  A.  \l..  and  she  is  also  a 
valut^d  meinlier  of  the  Cumberland  I'resbytcriaii 
('hurch,  and  a  nuMnber  of  the  Ladies'  Aid 
Society.  She  is  an  intelligent  lady,  and  a  liigbly 
esteemed  ( )reg()n  pioneer. 

■IIOMAS  MoCI.KI-L.WI).  D.  !).,  i'rcsi- 
dent  of  Bacitic  University,  at  I''ore8t 
(irovc.  Oregon,  was  l)orn  in  (^uiliy,  county 
Derry,  Ireland,  May  1,  184li.  His  ancestors  on 
lioth  sides  were  Scotch.  The  Hrst  of  the  name 
and  family  to  settle  in  Ireland  was  John 
Mc('lelland,  a  Bresbyterian  clergyman",  who, 
with  many  of  like  faith,  came  to  the  provinct^ 
of  Ulster  about  U')26,  thereto  find  that  religious 
freedom,  which  prelaticai  l)igotry  at  that  tim'j 
denied  to  nonconformists  in  Scotland.  To  the 
firmness  and  religious  zeal  of  tiiese  men  is  due 
the  establishment  of  the  Bresbyterian  Cliuridi  of 
Ireland.  The  parents  of  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  William  and  Margaret  (Stniley)  McClel- 
land, settled  with  their  family  in  Cafasaiiquii, 
Lehigh  county,  I'ennsylvania,  in  18(9.  _  His 
father  filled  an  itnportaiit  positioti  in  the  l,ehigh 
Crane  Iron  (Jotii|)any  of  that  place,  and  became 
at  oiu'c  prominent  in  the  afi'airs  of  the  town.  He 
was  oimof  the  founders  of  tiie  Fir>t  Bresbyterian 
Church,  in  which  place  he  was  an  Kider  for  ten 
years.  In  185'J  the  family  removeil  to  Mciidon, 
Illinois,  and  in  the  winter  of  1867  '68  Thomas, 
who  was  the  youngest  son.  entered  Denmark 
Academy,  at  Denimirk,  Iowa,  from  which  insti- 
tution he  graduated  two  years  later.  In  1871 
he  entered  Oberlin  College,  graduating  from  the 
classical  cour.se  in  187ij.  After  graduation  he 
spent  two  years  as  assistant  prin('ij)al  of  Den- 
mark Academy.  His  theological  education  was 
received  at  Union  Theological  Sen)inary,  New- 
York  city,  and  at  Andover  Seminary,  Andover, 
Massachusetts.  He  graduated  from  the  latti^r 
institution  in  1880. 

He  was    then  called   to  the  professorsliip  of 
Mental    Bhilosophy  and    Logic    in  Tal»or  Col- 


»H(J 


UtsTOltV    Oh'    OH/COON. 


lege,  Tiilior.  louii,  which  [iiitiitioM  I'c  rtwii^iii<(l 
after  ten  ycai's'  service,  to  accept  the  [iresiiloiK^y 
of  I'auitic  University,  at  Forest  (ii'ove,  Oregon, 
eiiterinj^  npon  his  duties  in  tiiis  institution  on 
Septeiiilier  l(i,  18!tl.  lie  at  once  increased  the 
teaching  force,  and  raised  and  Btreiij^tiiened  tiie 
courses.  A  new  coilfife  l)uildiiiK  is  soqii  to  he 
(M'eeted,  at  a  cost  of  !j(50,()()(),  and  tiie  outh>ok 
for  the  university  was  never  more  promising 
tiian  now. 

Doctor  Mc(Jlelland  was  married  on  Au^rnst 
lit,  188(1,  to  Miss  Harriet  C.  Oay,  a  daugliter  of 
Kcliiii.^f;  ahd  Mary  L.  (In-fads)  Day,  of  Den- 
mark, Iowa.  Tiiey  Inive  tliree  cliildren:  Kcl- 
higg  Day,  (Jocliran  iJruce  and  Until  Marjorie. 


J.  WHITKAKER  is  an  iionored  Oregon 
jiioneer  of  1848.  an  Oregon  Indian  war 
■>  veteran  and  a  ])Pominent  Polk  county 
farmer,  lie  was  horn  in  Washington  county. 
Viroinia,  October  29,  1824.  Ilis  ancestry 
traces  liack  to  both  England  and  Wales.  Grand- 
father Uichard  Whiteaker  etnigrated  from  Wales 
previous  to  the  Revolution  and  settled  in  North 
Carolina,  wiiere  he  married  Rachel  Bently  and 
reared  a  family  of  live  sons  and  four  daughters. 
Ill-  was  a  participant  in  'he  Revolutionary  war 
and  lived  to  be  eiglitly-two  years  of  age.  Ben- 
jamin Whiteaker  was  his  youngest  son,  and  was 
born  in  North  Carolimi  iti  17!>t),  and  he  became 
tiie  fatlier  of  our  subject.  lie  married  Mary 
Ilayter,  who  was  born  in  N'irginia  in  1S()8,  and 
there  they  were  married  in  182;{  and  removed 
to  Illinois  in  the  fall  of  18:{(i.  They  settled  at 
Inlet  (irove,  ninety  miles  west  of  Chicago,  and 
were  among  the  pioneers  there.  Tiiey  had  then 
five  sons  ami  three  daughters,  and  he  and  his 
wife  crossed  the  plains  with  this  family  in  1849 
with  oxen.  The  oldest  son  was  in  his  twenty- 
fourth  year.  Mr.  Whiteaker  had  eight  yi>ke  of 
oxen,  three  wagons  and  bioiight  with  liim  his 
cMrpenter  tools,  two  plows  and  harrow  teeth  that 
were  made  of  inch  s((uare  iron.  They  also 
lirought  tiie  family  Hible  and  a  few  books  and 
some  of  the  family  relics,  which  tiiey  prized. 
They  also  brought  with  them  the  staples  for 
some  months  jirovisions.  and  thus  cipiippeil  the 
pioneer.  I'.eiijamin  Whiteaker,  and  all  that  he 
lield  dear  on  earth  cut  loos<<  from  civilization  to 
cross  tiie  ])lains,  which  were  infested  with  savage 
beasts   and    little    less   savage    Indians.     They 


started  to  found  a  home  for  themselves,  and  this 
they  found  in  the  mild  climate*  of  the  lieautifiil 
and  rich  Willamette  valley  in  Oregon.  It  was 
a  hazardous  undi^rtaking,  but  a  laudable  one. 
Tlie  brave  pioneer  acconi|)lished  it,  and  his  chil- 
dren now  possess  the  lan<l,  which  by  persistent 
courage  he  ac(juired.  They  arrived  at  Foster's 
farm  (V-tober  5  and  on  the  11th  they  reached 
Polk  county,  and  tlm  following  spring  he  pur- 
chased the  Dr.  Hoyle  donation  claim  of  ()4(>  acres 
of  choice  land.  The  price  paid  was  ^250,  wliicii 
was  less  than  forty  cents  an  acre.  <  )n  this 
property  lie  finished  rearing  his  family,  and  on 
it  he  resided  until  he  died  in  his  seventy-seventh 
year.  <  Mi  it  he  and  his  good  and  pioneer  wife 
have  been  buried  in  a  beautiful  spot  selected  by 
themselves,  and  ai<led  by  frientis  the  children 
buried  their  parents.  Tliey  were  Haptists.  and 
had   a  faith  which  reaches  beyond  this  life. 

The  son,  David  Jesse,  remained  with  his 
father,  helping  to  improve  the  broad  acres  until 
the  fall  of  1849  when,  lured  by  the  gold  fever,  he 
went  overland  to  ("alifornia  and  dug  for  gold  on 
the  Yuba  and  Feather  rivers.  He  made  a  few 
hundred  ilollars,  but  wa-  taken  sick  and  spent 
what  he  had  made.  Flour  there  was  SI  a  pound 
and  other  things  were  equally  high,  and  it  only 
took  a  short  time  to  eat  up  a  few  hundred  dollars. 
He  returned  to  Oregon  overland  again  and  at 
that  time  the  Rogue  river  Indians  were  (piite 
hostile.  In  the  winter  of  1848-'49  Mr. White- 
aker had  taken  liis  donation  claim  adjoining  that 
of  his  father  on  and  this  he  now  lives.  No 
surveys  liad  been  made  and  he  took  a  large  plow 
and  a  heavy  team  and  plowed  around  what  lie 
wanted  for  his  section  and  included  enough  so 
that  when  it  was  surveyed  the  lines  were  all,  but 
one,  a  good  ways  under  the  furrow.  The  men 
of  the  family  engaged  in  raising  stock.  In  185(; 
he  volunteered  in  the  Indian  war  and  furnished 
his  own  horse  and  equipped  himself,  lie  served 
nine  months  under  (iovernor  Stephens  and  under 
Captain  Coff  and  Colonel  Shaw,  ami  for  nine 
days  they  suffered  for  want  of  food.  They  ate 
horses  and  crows,  althcnigh  the  latter  made  them 
sick.  At  first  he  could  not  eat  so  he  subsisted 
on  very  little.  They  had  some  severe  fights 
with  the  Indians  and  lost  two  or  three  of  their 
men  at  I'.urnt  river.  In  1859  Mr.  Whiteaker 
and  his  brothers  went  with  the  ;tock  to  Walla 
Walla  county  in  Washington.  They  took  "240 
head  of  cattle  with  them,  and  he  remained  in 
tiiat  business  for  twenty  years  In  1801  he  had 
greatly  increased  the  herds,  and  there  came  a 


1^ 


lIlSTOIiY    OF    OUKddS. 


i«t 


■> 


liiird  winter,  in  wliicli  ttiuy  lost  nearly  all  of  the 
stock.  lie  thinks  the  lar^e  iierilH  were  reduced 
until  only  fourteen  were  left,  Imt  he  did  not  yive 
it  up,  and  later  prospered  in  the  business. 
Miniiifj;  bej^an  in  Idaho,  and  the  |)rico  of  stock 
went  up,  and  they  did  well. 

On  the  I'Jtii  of  March,  1871,  lie  married  in 
Washington  Territory  Miss  Lucy  L.  Titus,  a 
native  of  Indiana,  and  the  dau)^liter  of  James 
L.  Titus,  a  native  of  New  York  This  pioneer 
lias  thrice  crossed  the  plains,  and  now  resides 
with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whitenker,  in  his  seventy- 
third  year. 

In  1870  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whiteaker  retired  to 
Polk  county  and  resided  in  Independence  for 
live  years,  and  then  came  to  the  donation  claim 
on  which  they  have  since  resided,  and  they  are 
living  in  the  cosy  home,  which  he  built  forty 
years  aire.  They  are  worthy  members  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  lie  does  not  ])ay  much 
attention  to  polities,  but  he  always  voted  with 
the  Democrats.  Mr.  Whiteaker  has  almost 
reached  three  score  and  ten  mark,  but  he  still 
retains  his  faculties,  and  has  yet  much  strength 
and  endurance.  While  he  does  not  need  to  work 
he  keeps  up  his  habits  of  industry,  and  still  re- 
tains the  320  acres  he  took  up  as  his  donation 
claim.  In  addition  to  hi.s  he  has  stores  and 
other  property  in  Independence,  lie  enjoys  the 
good-will  and  esteem  of  all  who  have  the  pleasure 
of  his  acquaintance. 


fRANKLIN  S.  I'OWELL,  one  of  Oregon's 
most  worthy  and  resj)ecte(l  citizens,  came 
to  this  State  in  1851.  He  was  born  in 
Illinois,  March  20,  18;}0,  and  is  of  German  and 
Welsh  ancestry.  The  ancestors  on  both  sides 
of  the  family  were  early  settlers  of  the  country, 
and  participated  in  the  struggle  independence, 
and  the  later  wars.  The  grandfather.  Joseph 
I'owell,  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  served  in  the 
war  of  1812,  while  the  great-grandfather  on  the 
mother's  side,  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 
Mr.  I'owell's  father,  John  A.  I'owell,  was  born 
in  Ohio,  January  20,  1810.  He  was  only 
eighteen  years  old  when  he  and  his  father's 
family  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he  married 
Miss  Savilla  Smith,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  Sep- 
tember 10,  1812.  She  was  the  darghter  of 
Joseph  15.  Smith,  a  native  of  Ohio,  whose  people 
had   emigrated   from    Wales    to    this   country. 


After  his  marriage  Mr.  I'owell  roided  in  Me 
nanl  county.  Illin.iis,  until  .\[)ril.  1S,">1,  when  lie 
and  his  family  crossed  the  ])liiin>  to  ()regon. 
TluTe  Were  nine  children  in  the  family  tliat  Mr. 
I'owell  brought  from  Illinois.  One  of  the 
daughters.  Therissa,  who  married  William  .Mc- 
Kaden,  came  with  the  party,  and  ilicd  after 
reaching  the  Rlue  mountains,  when  but  twenty- 
two  years  of  age.  leaving  two  children.  Aside 
from  this  sad  e\ent  the  journey  was  a  safe  and 
pleasant  one.  .They  settled  on  a  dunatidii  claim 
on  the  Santiam,  in  Linn  county,  on  which  Mr. 
I'owell  resided  until  1S70,  when  he  relireil  from 
his  farm  to  Albany,  and  remained  until  bin  death, 
in  1880.  He  bad  been  a  CJhristian  minister  ami 
evangelist,  and  bad  held  many  glorious  meetings 
in  Oregon  and  Washington.  He  was  a  man  of 
fine  powers  of  elixjuenee  and  did  much  good. 
His  memory  is  held  dear  by  thousands,  who 
svere  benefited  by  his  |ireacliing.  Iliswil'i;  sur- 
vived him  until  1880,  when  her  death  occiirre(l. 
She  had  been  his  most  faithful  helpmate  in  all 
his  un<lertakings,  trials  and  labors.  She  died 
jx-acefully  in  the  faith  she  hail  hehl  for  so  nnmy 
years. 

Our  sid)ject  was  the  second  chihl.  and  was 
twenty-two  when  the  trip  was  made  across  the 
plains.  Our  subject  ])referred  to  start  In  his 
new  life  with  a  wife,  so  before  he  left  his  native 
State,  March  20,  18.jI,  he  married  Miss  Louisa 
J.  Peeler,  who  was  born  in  Illinois,  .\piil  20, 
18.30,  daughter  of  Rev.  Abner  Peeler,  also  a 
minister  of  the  Christian  ("liiirch.  They  came 
to  Oregon  and  took  tip  a  donation  claim  in  Linn 
county,  eight  miles  east  of  Albany.  Here  they 
buili  their  first  house,  ami  lived  iind  labored 
here  for  twenty-one  years.  Their  industry  met 
with  success,  and  in  1870  they  came  to  I'olk 
county,  and  in  1874  Mr.  Powell  |)urchascd  lii> 
present  home  of  32t'i  acres  of  laixl.  whii'li  was 
one-half  of  the 'dd  l>.  F.  Whitaker  claim.  He 
built  on  this  property  and  has  improved  the 
land,  until  it  is  one  of  the  best  farms  of  the 
county.  He  came  to  his  present  location  to  be 
near  the  college,  in  wlii(di  he  has  taken  a  deep 
interest  for  many  years,  and  of  which  he  has 
bet'ii  a  trustee  for  the  past  twenty-two  years. 
He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  Kxecutive 
Hoard  for  a  number  of  years.  He  has  given 
the  college  valuable  assistance  in  many  ways. 

Mr.  I'owell  is  one  of  the  stockholders  ami 
founders  of  the  I'olk  County  I'ank.  and  is  also 
one  of  the  founders  and  stockhohlers  of  the 
motor  rouil.  which  connects  the  two  railroads  on 


I^t) 


l/lsTOItr    OF    OJtMfKKV. 


the  ut'Ht  ttidu,  as  \vnll  iis  cniiiiccts  fliu  city  of 
Moninoiitli  with  tlie  city  of  lii(lf[)(>ii(lciice.  He 
liHit  also  aithftl  in  thi'  construction  of  a  fnune 
Wiirelioiihe  at  Alhany  ami  one  at  Inil('|)cniJ('nce, 
and  lias  h('l<l  hiuiHcIf  ready  to  hcii)  in  all  of  the 
(•nterpriscs  caluulntud  to  lieneht  the  city  or 
(■omity. 

Mr.  and  Afr.  Powell  havct  had  eight  children, 
six  (if  whom  are  li\ing,  namely:  J.  M.  is  a 
iihyHician  of  Spokane  city.  Washington;  fluhn 
18  a  farmer  in  Polk  county;  I'erry  ( ».  is  a  inin- 
ibterof  the  (Christian  Cluirc.h.  and  a  graduate  of 
Vale  College,  and  is  located  in  Missouri; 
Matintha  marrieil  Mr.  Marion  .Vrrant,  and  they 
are  farmers  in  l.inn  county.;  Ira  ().  is  cashier  of 
the  I'idk  ('oiinty  Hank;  and  .lay  1.  is  at  home 
with  his  parents.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Powell  are 
hoth  valued  memhers  of  the  Christian  (Jhurch, 
in  which  he  is  one  of  the  elders.  He  is  a  Ue- 
pidilican  in  politics,  and  has  taken  a  lively  in- 
terest in  the  political  affairs  of  the  county.  State 
and  country,  and  in  1889  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  served 
honorably  and  creditably  one  term.  While  re- 
sidini^  in  Linn  county,  he  served  as  Jiistioo  of 
the  Peace.  He  has  a  tine  reputation  for  solid 
business  integrity.  He  iscjuietand  unassiiuiing 
in  nnmners,  and  is  a  thoroughly  good  man,  as 
his  host  of  friends  can  testify. 

§()X.  .VLANSON  HINMA.N.  of  Forest 
(irove,  canio  to  Oregon  in  1844,  and  is 
a  native  of  New  York,  born  May  1,  18"22. 
His  father,  .\rvid  Hinman,  was  also  born  in 
New  Wirk,  and  he  traced  his  ancestry  back  to 
Kngland,  from  where  they  came  to  New  Kng- 
lauil  early  in  the  history  of  the  colonies.  He 
married  Miss  Deidamin  Ueynolds,  and  they 
had  I'leven  children,  of  whom  eight  were  raised 
to  maturity,  but  only  two  now  survive,  Mr. 
IHnman  and  his  brother  Henry,  who  now  re- 
sides in  New  Nork  city. 

Mr.  IHnman  was  the  eighth  child,  and  he 
was  raised  and  educated  iu  (Mieiiango  county, 
New  York,  and  came  to  Oregon  in  his  twenty- 
pocond  year.  His  tirst  winter  in  Oregon  was 
spent  in  teaching  school  at  Walla  Walla  for  Dr. 
Whitman,  iu  the  following  year  he  went  to 
the  Willamette  valley  and  taught  two  years  in 
the  Salem  Institute  (\\o\v  the  Willamette  Uni- 
versity).     \t    the    cud  of  the  two  years  he  re- 


signed to  go  to  the  Dalles  ami  take  charge  of 
the  secular  otiices  for  Dr.  Whitman.  Mr.  llin- 
iiinn  retnained  there  until  the  Whitman  mas- 
sacre. He  then  went  to  Washington  county  and 
stopp<id  in  the  vicinity  of  Forest  (trove,  where 
in  the  following  spring  he  took  a  donation  claim 
of  ()4(l  acres,  southwest  of  Forest  (irove.  He 
remained  on  the  property  six  years  and  then  sold 
it,  and  later  repurchased  300  acres  of  it,  and 
now  has  oOO  acres  on  whiidi  his  son  is  farming. 
In  1854  lie  went  to  Forest  Grove  and  purcliased 
ten  acres,  on  which  they  built  a  liome,  and  lie 
has  twice  replaced  the  house  by  a  better  one, 
until  the  present  one  is  a  model  for  beauty  and 
comfort.  He  has  added  to  tlio  original  land  un- 
til he  now  has  100  acres.  From  18(i2  to  1804, 
he  conducted  a  mine  supply  store  at  Auburn 
and  in  Idaho  City,  in  which  he  has  been  quite 
snccossfni.  The  next  year  he  returned  to  the 
scenes  of  his  childhood  and  spent  many  pleasant 
days  visiting  relatives.  In  1807  he  received 
the  a|)pointinent  of  Collector  of  Customs,  and 
was  located  for  a  time  at  Astoria.  In  186(5  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  also 
served  as  County  Commissioner.  He  also  eon- 
ducted  a  successful  mercantile  business  in  For- 
est Grove,  under  the  firm  name  of  A.  Hinman, 
dealer  in  general  merchandise.  In  Jnly,  181)1, 
he  sold  out  and  retired  from  active  bnsiiicss. 

Mr.  Hinman  married  Miss  Martha  Elizabeth 
.lones  Gerrish  on  .1  une  17,  1840.  She  was  a 
native  of  Alabama  and  the  daughter  of  James 
Gerrish,  of  English  birth.  The  following  chil- 
dren were  added  to  their  union:  The  eldest  died 
in  its  infancy:  .Vrvid,  deceased  July,  1892,  re- 
sided in  Idaho;  Mary  Ellen  is  at  home  with  iier 
parents;  Ida  is  now  Mrs.  ,V.  II.  Leabo;  Sarah 
died  in  her  second  year;  Oliver  is  a  hardware 
merchant;  Alanson  is  in  Chicago  attending  a 
dental  college;  and  Charles  died  when  three 
years  of  age.  Mrs.  Hinman  died  in  1862,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1865  Mr.  Hinman  inarried  Miss 
Sophia  Margaret  Powen,  of  Oberlin,  Ohio,  and 
the  daughter  of  Lucius  E.  Powen,  of  Connecti- 
cut, an  early  settler  of  New  England.  Two  sons 
blessed  their  union:  ('harles  liUcius,  who  is  on 
a  farm,  and  Frank  William,  who  is  at  Ellenburg 
in  the  hardware  business  with  his  brother  Oliver. 

Mr.  Hinman  joined  the  I'rosbyterian  Church 
when  he  first  came  to  Oregon,  but  on  his  re- 
moval to  Forest  Grove,  there  being  no  church  of 
that  denomination  in  the  place,  he  joined  the 
Congregationalists  in  the  spring  of  1848,  and 
has  since   been   a  worthy    member,  aiding  the 


nisronv  or  oii/iooif. 


mO 


<i 


chiircli  in  all  its  uiidertHkiiigB.  Mr.  Ilininnii 
Ims  lieeu  in  the  Btock  liiii>iiic8B  nnd  iilsu  in  tlte 
fniit  hiisinesfi.  At  one  time  ho  wi'iit  to  Sun 
I'rancMHCo  anil  pnrchaci'il  !j(H,00()  worth  of  goodn, 
and  WHS  retiirninf^  to  ( )rt»{^(in  on  the  Northorner, 
wiien  she  was  wrecked  and  ho  lost  all  his  jrc)0(lt*, 
which  WftH  a  ifreat  loss  to  him,  hut  ho  I'olt  too 
thankfnl  at  encapinir  with  his  life  to  i^rumhlo 
very  mnch.  Thirty-one  of  the  sailors  and  pas- 
een^jors  wore  killed  on  that  dark  and  stormy 
nij^ht.  lie  made  his  way  to  the  slioi'O  throngh 
breakers  that  threatened  every  moment  to  en- 
ffnlf  him.  He  had  a  life-preserver  on  and  a 
rope  had  been  stretched  from  the  ship  to  the 
shore,  and  the  captain  had  f^iven  them  all  onlers 
to  hold  fast  to  it  until  the  shore  was  reached  or 
it  would  he  impossible  to  reach  it,  lint  Mr.  Uin- 
nian  soon  fonnd  that  the  rope  would  drag  him 
nndcr  if  he  did  not  let  jro,  so  he  made  the  suc- 
cessfnl  attempt  to  swim  to  the  shore.  If  others 
had  followed  his  example  there  wonld  have  been 
fewer  lives  lost. 

At  the  incorpoi'ation  of  the  Tnalitin  Academy 
and  the  I'acitic  Cniversity,  in  1854.  he  was 
chosen  a  trnstee,  aiid  at  the  present  writing  is 
the  only  snrviving  charter  member.  He  lias 
serve<l  on  the  I'oard  of  Trustees  as  its  efficient 
and  worthy  president  for  fourteen  years,  and  in 
this  capacity  .is  putting  forth  every  effiirt  to 
raise  the  money  for  their  $50,000  building, 
which  effort  is  meeting  with  suHicient  success 
to  make  the  accomplishment  a  certainty. 


tKXllY  J.  IS'OHLE,  a  typical  Oregon  ])io- 
neer.  and  a  man  highly  respected  for  his 
many  estimable  (jualities,  resides  on  a 
farm  near  Xewberg.  The  lives  of  many  of 
these  Western  pioneers,  were  they  written  np 
in  full,  would  make  a  volume  more  interesting 
than  any  novel,  for  truth  is,  indeed,  stranger 
than  fiction.  The  following  sketch,  while  only 
a  succinct  one,  will  be  found  of  interest  to 
many,  as  Mr.  Noble  is  well  known  in  this 
vicinity. 

Henry  J.  Noble  was  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1832.  His  ancestors  came  from  Scotland  to 
America  previous  to  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
his  grandfather.  Alexander  Noble,  fought  for 
independence  in  that  struggle.  His  father, 
Henry  Xoble.  was  born  in  Pounsvlvaiiia,  ami 
his  mother,  Mary  (Layton)  Noble,  was  a  native 


of  South  Carolina.  In  1845  this  worthy  couple 
and  their  six  children  started  across  the  plains 
for  Oregon.  Tiie  company  with  which  they 
traveled  finally  divided,  s(>ine  going  to  Califor- 
nia,  some  continuing  on  the  old  emigrant  I'oad, 
while  about  forty  wagons,  among  which  wcici 
Mr.  Ni^i)le  and  family,  followed  Mr.  Meek  on 
his  cut-ofT,  whicii  he  thought  would  bring  tluMu 
by  a  shorter  way  to  the  Willamette  valley,  with- 
out passing  the  Dalles.  The  history  of  this  ex- 
pedition is  well  known,  their  harrowing  ox- 
periences  having  been  porti-ayed  miiiUtely  and 
forcibly  by  many  a  master  hand.  They  became 
lost,  whereupon  ^h\  Meek  deserted  them  and 
they  wandered  helplessly  aliout  in  tlui  great 
American  desert  for  six  or  eight  weeks.  'I'hcy 
traveled  for  days  at  a  time  tlu'oiigli  sand  and 
sage  brush,  the  branches  of  which  Irtter  shrub 
were  six  or  eight  feet  long.  Their  teams  be- 
came footsore  and  jaded,  so  that  they  made 
vci'y  slow  headway,  some  days  making  not  itioro 
than  five  or  six  miles  a  day.  Their  provisions 
became  short,  lutsides  which  all  of  Mr.  .Noble's 
family,  except  himself,  the  oldest  daughter  and 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  became  stricken  with 
mountain  fever.  Two  of  our  subject's  brothers 
eighteen  and  eleven  years  of  age,  died  of  this 
disease  and  were  buried  by  the  wayside.  Henry 
J.  was  then  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  remem- 
bers distinctly  flu^  distressing  incidents  of  that 
long  and  tedious  journey,  and  recalls  with  what 
sorrow  they  left  the  lunvly  made  graves  of  their 
loved  ones  and  continued  in  sorrow  their  west- 
waiMJ  way.  The  mother  was  also  strick(Mi  witii 
this  dread  disease.  They  lost  some  of  their 
stock  on  the  way,  and  thus  pulled  through, 
leaving  a  road  resembling  a  swatii  through 
wheat,  whicii  if  not  a  good  one.  was  very  }ilain. 
AVIien  they  ivac'-ed  the  Dalles  they  were  en- 
tirely out  of  provisions,  an<i  Henry  paid  a  g(jod 
price  for  two  pints  of  flour  for  the  sick  onc^, 
while  he  himself  subsisted  for  several  days  on 
bacon  riiids  that  he  found  in  a  meat-box.  and 
on  beets  whicii  he  got  of  the  Indians.  When 
they  reached  the  Columbia  river  the  family 
divided,  the  father  remaining  with  the  stock, 
and  the  subject  of  our  sketch  coming  down  the 
river  with  his  mother.  They  hired  an  Indian 
to  run  them  <lowri  flic  rapids  in  a  canoe.  Coming 
down  the  rapids  in  this  way  was  frightfully  dan- 
gerons,  but  was  accomplished  in  siifcty,  and  the 
rest  of  the  journey  they  made  in  a  bateau,  and 
lauded  at  Liniiton.  The  mother  was  sick,  tlicv 
were  out  of  food,  and    it    became    Henry's  duty 


81)0 


HlsruRY    OF    OREGON. 


til  trii  out  r-cvcrul  iiiilt's  it)  tliu  cDiintry,  wliun* 
tlicy  liitil  it  frieiiil  wlm  wmilil  liriiig  ii  tciiiii  hikI 
liikii  lliftii  til  lii>  placf.  Trails  iiiul  crwks  witc 
iniiin'riiii>,  iniiiiy  uT  tliu  latter  he  lia<l  to  wade, 
and  after  ^oiii};  sniue  distance,  I'oiind  lio  wan  on 
the  wrmii^  road.  A  friendly  strniii^or  j^ave  liiin 
tile  ri^lit  directiiiiis,  ami  he  changed  IiIm  ciinrse, 
liiit  iii^ht  iivcrtdok  liiin.  and,  toot^ure  and 
weary,  hi^  t'niind  his  way  tn  an  Indian  camp. 
iSiiiiii  an  Indian  retireii  and  came  hiu^k,  lirin^ing 
with  him  a  white  man,  a  Mr.  Wills,  whu  took 
the  ymn^  hoy  to  his  cahin,  and  the  tbllowing 
day  sent  him  to  his  destination.  The  mother 
was  brought  out,  and  they  nunaincd  at  tiiis 
j)lace  ('Mr.  Chisly'g)  until  .spring.  Then  tlie 
father  joined  them,  and  they  settled  on  a  dona- 
tion claim,  five  miles  northwest  of  where  New- 
liiTg  is  now  located.  From  184(1  till  1872  the 
father  lived  on  this  place.  His  death  occurred 
in  i'ortland  in  1S85,  aged  sovinity-three  years. 
The  mother  passed  away  in  1870.  She  was  a 
memher  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

The  suliject  of  our  sketch  continued  to  live 
on  his  lather's  claim  until  ls57.  On  the  24th 
of  May,  that  year,  he  was  married,  and  sqor 
after  his  marriajje  lifi  purcliased  the  (juarter  sec- 
tion of  land  upon  which  he  still  resides,  the 
])urcliase  price  lieing  $1,200.  lie  went  in  debt 
for  it,  and  by  honest  industry  was  cnaWed  to 
j)ay  his  way  out.  Here  he  and  his  worthy  com- 
panion have  s|)ent  many  happy  years,  and  have 
reared  a  largo  family.  Mrs.  Noble  was,  before 
her  marriage,  Miss  Martha  Hoyles.  Slie  was 
born  in  Missouri  in  1842,  daughter  of  John 
Hoyles,  and  in  1852  started  with  her  parents 
across  the  plains  for  Oregon.  Her  fattier  was 
taken  sick  and  died,  and  they  buried  him  near 
Chimney  Uock.  The  widow  and  her  tlu-ee 
daugliters  continued  their  way  westward,  and 
some  time  after  their  arrival  in  Oregon  she  be- 
canui  the  wife  of  James  Davis.  They  resided 
near  Portland,  where  her  death  occurred  in 
1878,  Hho  was  a  mem  her  of  the  Methodist 
Church,  was  a  woman  of  many  Christian 
graces  and  great,  heroic  bravery. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Noble  have  had  twelve  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  living  e.\cept  one.  Their 
names  are  as  follows:  Jolin  Edward;  (yharles 
Oscar,  who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-four  years; 
Henry  <Hiver;  Jesse  Irwin;  Frank  E.;  May, 
wife  of  Charles  Murry;  Jane,  wife  of  Charles 
Martin;  and  five  who  reside  with  their  parents, 
— .Micoli  r.,  James  W.,  Walter  A.,  Mary  and 
lienjamin  F. 


Mr.  Noble  has  i)e(>n  a  Ilepiiblican  since  the 
organization  of  that  party.  II(>  has  been  a 
member  of  the  (irange,  and  is  now  associated 
with  the  Farmers'  Alliance,  He  and  his  good 
wife  still  live  in  the  (piiot  and  unassuming 
manner  of  early  days,  and  as  honest  and  upright 
people  hav(t  the  resjiect  of  all  wlio  know  them. 

HAllLES  COOi.I  i)(J  K.--Among 
the  many  prosperous  farmers  of  I'olk 
county  stands  the  gentleman  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch.  He  was  born  in  Erie  county, 
Pennsylvania,  May  1,  1828,  and  is  of  Irish 
ancestry,  who  came  to  the  colony  of  Massacliu- 
eetts  early  in  the  gettleinent  of  the  country. 
His  father,  Porter  Coolidge,  was  born  in  New 
V'ork,  in  17!M).  and  married  Miss  Polly  Jones, 
ft  native  of  New  York,  of  Welsh  ancestry.  They 
had  six  sons  and  two  daughters,  of  whom  four 
are  niiw  living. 

Mr.  Coolidge  was  reared  in  his  native  county 
and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  He  learned 
tho  carpenters'  trade  with  his  father,  and 
worked  at  this  trade  summers  and  taught  school 
winters,  until  1855,  when  ho  removed  to  Kane 
county,  Illinois.  In  1862  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
where  he  continued  to  work  and  teach,  until  the 
spring  of  1864,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon  with  liorso  teams.  Soon  after  starting 
he  fell  in  with  a  company  of  eight  families  and 
they  traveled  together  to  Salt  Latce.  The  Indians 
were  very  hostile  and  the  emigrants  were  in 
danger  of  their  lives.  At  the  Platte  river  they 
were  attacked  and  their  horses  stolen,  one  of 
which  belonged  to  Mr.  Coolidge.  After  this 
several  trains  joined  together  and  formed  a 
large  company  from  there  on  to  Salt  Lake.  Mr. 
Coolidge  remained  at  Salt  Lake  three  weeks, 
traded  horses,  and  then  journeyed  on  with  a 
fresh  team.  Ho  freiiuently  fell  in  with  emi- 
grants, but  did  not  connect  himself  with  any 
special  company.  They  arrived  at  the  Dalles 
in  October.  Here  they  spent  the  winter,  and 
durining  the  following  July  can\e  down  the  river. 
Our  subject  sold  iiis  horses  and  worked  at  $4 
per  day.  He  then  came  to  Salem  and  worked 
a  year  and  a  half.  The  ne.xt  removal  was  to 
Ya(juina  Bay,  where  he  built  the  first  store 
building,  at  Newport.  Here  ho  had  a  severe 
attack  of  typhoid  fever,  and  all  his  savings  were 
consumed  by  the  time  he  had  recovered.  He  then 


nrsmiir  of  oumoy. 


P!>1 


rp8i>l«tely  turned  ]\\»  face*  toward  I'olk  coiinty. 
He  foil  ill  with  tlie  friciiil  of  tln<  iiectly,  S>ii«tor 
Nt'Hiiiitli,  wild  f{iiv(i  him  tloiir  ami  otlirr  iieecK- 
eities  and  iMiijiloytMl  hitn  iMiintaiilly  for  a  year 
and  a  half.  Mr.  Cooliil^o  Rays  that  this  ^roii!l 
man  lioljit'il  more  iit'iMly  jK-opIo  than  any  other 
liviiij.'  iiiaii.  Our  siiiiject  ]>iircliaKi!tl  forty  acres 
of  land  which  eoi^t  him  $)HM  down,  and  $100 
later  on.  He  worked  for  Joslinn  MeDaniel 
until  he    paid   for    Ima  land.     He   came  to  \\\<* 

Firesent  Ideality  in  iStill,  where  he  has  a  choice 
arm  of  2oO  acres,  on  this  property  ho  has  huilt 
and  iinpruved.  Ho  has  made  it  one  of  the 
finest  farms  in  a  county  that  is  noted  for  its 
elidice  land.  In  iHlH  he  liiiilt  with  his  own 
iiands  his  tine  farm  residence,  inakio^  liy  hand 
all  till"  doors,  sashes  and  cverythinj;  cdso  that  is 
usually  made  by  machinery.  He  ])lanted  vinos, 
trees  and  slirnhs  around  the  place,  and  they  have 
made  tho  place  a  heaiitifi'.l  one  indeed.  Mr. 
('(xdidge  can  sit  beneath  the  shade  of  the  trees 
that  his  own  Iiands  planted.  It  is  a  pleasant 
task  to  write  of  one  who  has  risen  from  adver- 
sity to  have  such  a  fine  home  and  everythinjr 
coinfortahle  about  him. 

Mr.  Coolidgo  was  married  in  1858,  to  Miss 
Martha  Heeler,  who  was  the  first  white  child 
born  in  Hlaekberry  township,  Kane  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  was  of  ({erman  ancestry,  daughter  of 
David  Heeler,  a  fanner  and  pioneer  of  Illinois. 
A  son.  Porter  crossed  the  plains  with  his  parents 
and  three  daughters  were  l)orn  to  them  in  Ore- 
gon. The  son  died  in  18S8,  hut  the  daughters 
still  survive,  namely;  Hattie,  wife  of  John  Yott, 
of  Portland,  where  Air.  Y'ott  ii.  a  business  man. 
Tli(<  other  daughters,  Lucy  and  Warah.  are  with 
their  parents.  Mrs.  Coolidge,  ti  e  faitlit'ul  wife 
of  all  his  privations,  still  lives  to  e'.iarc  wiih  him 
their  prosperity. 

Mr.  Coolidge  has  been  a  Repulilican  since  the 
formation  of  the  party,  and  ho  is  a  man  of 
whom  all  speak  well,  for  he  has  tiio  respect  and 
esteem  of  the  entire  neighborhood. 


»4H*^* 


>iON.  I).  O.  QUICK,  one  of  I'olk  eountyV 
prominent  citizens,  was  born  in  Indiana, 
August  27,  1829.  His  ancestors  were 
people  who  settled  in  the  colonies  jirior  to  the 
lievolutionary  war.  His  great-grandfather  lost 
his  life  in  that  struggle  for  independence.  Mr. 
(juick'e  father,  James  Quick,  was  Ijorn  iu  Ken- 


tucky  in    I80;l. 
McClnre,  a   nativ 


He    married    Mis<     Kli/ahclli 

_ ,     ■    of    Indiana,   born   in    lsO(l, 

ilaiigiiter  of  William  .Mc(;liire.  They  reared  to 
inatiirity  nine  children,  of  whom  seven  are  still 
living.  The  fatiicr  nMnoved  to  Indiana  when  a 
child  111  tliicc!  with  bis  parents,  and  wa>  reared 
there  on  a  farm.  He  was  a  good  member  of 
the  liaptist  (Miiirch  and  a  worthy,  iiprigbl  man. 
He  died  in  Franklin  county,  liuliana,  in  lH(iS, 
in  the  sixty-lifth  year  of  his  life.  His  wife 
lived  td  bo  eighty  five,  and  then  died  Sciitemlicr 
1.-),  1S!)1. 

Tho  son  David  was  their  third  child,  and  was 
sent  to  public  sclioolh  of  his  native  Slate,  lie 
began  life  for  hiniseir  as  a  s<'liiiid  teacher  in 
Illinois,  and  taught  for  <'iglit  years.  In  185(1- 
'57 --'58,  .Mr.  (jiiiek  read  law  in  Ilillsboro,  Illi- 
nois, ain'  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858.  Ho 
practiced  hia  prof(>ssi(iii  in  l.itchtield  until  18(12, 
when  he  crossi^l  the  plains  to  Oregon.  His 
family  then  consisted  of  hl>  wife  and  one  chilil. 
They  started  in  .Vjiril  and  arrived  in  August  at 
Fort  Lemhi,  Idaho.  Here  they  abandoned  th.  'r 
wagons  ancl  traveled  on  the  new  Indian  trail  lo 
the  waters  of  the  Missouri  ami  crossed  the 
Kocky  inonntains  three  times.  They  followed 
the  north  fork  of  the  Wisdom  river  to  its 
source.  They  then  struck  the  Miller  roiile  aii(l 
followed  it  to  l?ittcr  Root  river  and  followed 
that  to  KIk  ('ity.  Here  they  iemaine<l  two 
months,  while  Mr.  Quick  engaged  in  the  mines. 
Ho  then  pi'cked  to  Linn  county,  and  from  tliei'e 
to  Washington  (roiinty,  and  settled  on  200  acres 
of  land  north  of  Hillsboro.  He  was  engaged  in 
Washington  county  in  farming  and  sawmilling 
from  1802  to  18(1(5.  He  then  soM  and  came  to 
Polk  county  ami  purchaseil  120  acrer^  of  land 
on  the  projierty  he  has  since  Ihmmi  engaged  on. 
He  has  engaged  in  horti 
kinds  of  nursery  stock. 

In  politics  Mr.  Quick  was  a  Hemocrat  iiiilil 
tile  firing  upon  Fort  Sumter,  when  he  e.-poiised 
the  cause  of  the  Union  with  all  his  heart  and 
joined  the  ranks  of  the  Ikepnblican  party,  where 
lie  has  since  proven  himself  a  valuable  ally.  In 
Washiiigtdii  county  he  was  eleeteil  td  tlni  State 
Lt'gislatun^  and  served  in  the  r-essidii  of  18(54- 
'(55,  and  had  the  honor  and  jileasiire  of  voting 
upon  the  thirteenth  amendment  to  the  Consli- 
tution  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  linick  was  marrie(l  for  the  first  time  to 
Miss  Sarah  M.  Updyke  in  1852.  She  wa^  a 
native  of  Indiana,  and  it  was  in  that  State  that 
the  ceremony  occurred.     She  was  the  ilaugliter 


irticultiire,  growing  al 


803 


lllaTOHY    nv    ORKOOir. 


'if. 


(if  I'ciijiiiiiin  l'|i<lyl<>'.  Ml. mill  Mi>.  (^iiick  liml 
two  cliililirii;  Kiiiiiicivoii  Kii^ciii- now  ii'^iilcH 
ill  St.  ilcli'ii,  Ciiliiiiiliiii  ('(iiiiity,  wlicrt*  li«  in 
ii<  (yoiiiity  Olci'k;  tlic  other  cliiM  ilicil,  iis  ilid 
tlitt  iMotlicr,  ill  \HTi1\  mikI  in  IHuS  Mr.  (^iiu!i< 
WHS  iimn-icd  llic  hi'coiicI  tlnii'  to  Mi^s  I'l'niicliii 
V oil  11).',  II  imtivc  (if  K"iiliiri<y,  liorii  In  ISU). 
Tlifi-f  two  Imvc  hail  m'\i  r  rliililifii,  as  folloWB; 
Sarah  K.,  wife  of  Mr.  Thomas  I'"owlcs;  ()li\('r 
I'iiiiiiiitt  resides  ill  Wiishiiiatoii  eoiiiity,  (>reooii; 
Wiliiuiii  D.  is  with  ills  lather  on  the  farm; 
.\iriie,  Juiiii:n  Warren,  Fred  Voiiiii^,  and  .\ilii 
(ifrtnuie  are  at  home. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  l^iiick  are  Worthy  nieinliers  of 
tile  Kvaiiiielical  ("hiircli.  in  which  he  is  an  of- 
ficer, and  Mr.  (^>irck  is  a  man  of  iiitei_n-ity  and 
inlelileeiice,  and  liiiH  Won  a  host  orfrieiids  where- 
ever  he  lias  iiiiide  iiis  iionie. 

fNOCll  (;il.\Mi!KiU.lN.  oiieof  Oreoon's 
native  sons,  was  horn  in-  I'olk  comity, 
Octoiier  1(1  1851.  I  lis  father.  Aaron 
('hainherlin,  was  horn  in  .New  York  in  1810. 
lie  married,  in  1820,  Minn  Catiieriii'  V'iles,  a 
imlivt'  of  Mew  Jersey,  horn  in  1806.  She  was 
the  ilaiii^liter  of  Mr.  >Iose|ih  \'iles.  Mr.  and 
Mru.  ('hitml)oriiii  had  a  family  of  si.x  (diildrun 
when  they  left  Missouri  to  make  tlio  loiio  tri]) 
across  the  iilains  to  Oref^on.  They  were  nine 
months  on  their  journey  and  endured  many 
liarilshiiis,  (ienerul  (iillian  coininunded  the 
eompany,  and  after  they  liiul  heen  si.x  weeks  on 
their  journey  they  could  look  hack  uiui  see 
their  first  cain|)iiig-place.  It  had  stormed  al- 
most coiitiiiiioiiBly,  and  all  were  disconraifed, 
hutoiii)  of  their  niiinher  canvassed  the  com|>aiiy 
and  found  thirty  who  were  willing  to  continue 
the  journey,  aithoiigh  two  afterward  hacked 
out.  This  man,  Miidiret  hy  name,  was  elected 
Captain,  and  the  little  jiarty  started  on.  They 
traveled  each  fainily  hy  itself,  and  finally 
reached  Whitman's  station,  and  then  came  to 
the  DhUub.  They  went  down  this  river  to  the 
present  site  of  Portland,  then  up  the  Willam- 
ette to  Oreiron  ('ity,  and  here  the  father  of  our 
suhject  worked  for  the  Hudson's  Hay  (Joinpaiiy, 
hewing  tiinhers  fur  tlie  projected  hiiildings.  He 
then  went  on  to  Salem,  and  after  ejiendini,'  the 
winter  there,  took  up  his  tlonation  (daiiii  on  the 
l.iickamnte.  Althoni^h  Mr.  (Miamherlin  had 
three  yoke  ot"  o,\eii   when  he  left  Missouri,  the 


t. 


e\teiit  of  his  cattle  was  re|)rosenteil  hy  two  odd 
sttters  when  he  entered  Oregon.  His  eow  had 
died  in  the  inunntHins;  so  they  were  without 
milk.  They  hiiilt  the  primitive  log  hut  of  tlio 
pioneer,  and  lived  on  hoiliMJ  wheat  and  venison. 
The  nearest  market  was  twenty  miles  away,  and 
a>  the  ground  was  very  wet,  it  was  often  iiii- 
possihie  to  go  to  that  place  for  the  few  sii 
jilies  that  they  were  ahlo  to  afyord;  so  M 
Chaiiiherlin  was  ohliged  to  go  to  Orcffon  City 
hy  water.  Mr.  (.'Iminherliii  jiaid  )jt,jO  for  a 
wooden  plow  with  an  iron  share,  and  rceoivetl 
two  hreed  sows  and  two  to,VB  for  his  work,  and 
thiiii^s  hegaii  to  look  hri,'!i!  r  They  worked 
and  toihid  on  this  eliiiin  and  finally  weie  re- 
warded hy  sceiiif  '''e  wilderness  they  had  found 
assume  the  aspect  of  civilization.  Here  tlio 
lather  remained  until  18U7,  when  ho  went  to 
Soiiora,  California,  and  died  in  18(58.  He  was 
a  tiolile,  upright  citi/.en.  His  wife  survived  him 
lifteeii  years  and  died  in  1883.  i'reviously  to 
his  death  he  had  willed  his  land  to  his  wife, 
and  she  sold  oiie-hidf  of  it  and  left  the  other 
half  to  her  eon  luiocli,  who  has  furnished  the 
data  for  this  sketch.  The  fainily  has  made  a 
Hiia  farm  of  it,  and  hiiilt  a  fine  residence  on  it, 
which  the  son  now  occupies. 

Air.  Knoe.li  Chaniherlin  was  married,  Keh- 
riiary  15,  1885,  to  Miss  Klla  Christian,  a  native 
of  (Jregon,  daughter  of  Mr.  Henry  Christian. 
.See  his  history  in  this  hook.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
(Jhamherlin  have  one  child,  Ross.  Mr.  Chain- 
herlin  is  a  meinher  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  a 
Democrat  in  politics.  lie  is  an  active,  success- 
ful fanner  and,  in  addition  to  his  farm,  owns 
and  runs  a  steam  thresher,  and  has  done  so  for 
the  past  twelve  years.  He  has  threshed  a 
greater  portion  of  the  grain  in  his  part  of  the 
county.  His  farm  is  a  rich  and  productive  one, 
producing  fifty  bushels  of  wheat  to  the  acre. 

AMUEL  WILLIAMS,  a  snccessful  fanner 
of  Washington  county,   who  resides  near 
Hillsborough,  is  a  worthy  Oregon  pioneer 
of'l841. 

He  was  born  in  Cole  county,  Missouri,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1833.  His  father,  Uiclmrd  Williams, 
was  horn  in  South  Caiuiina  in  179(5,  a  descend- 
ant of  early  settlers  in  t,...  South,  and  his  mother, 
nee  Kasiab  .Nichols,  a  iialive  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  1800.     They  were  married  in  Kentucky 


nisToar  <>/■'  oufcoos. 


MS 


nnd  hul)8C<iuontly  romovod  tu  Iiiiliiirm,  rrutn 
tlicro  to  MinKiniri,  iiiul  with  llit'ir  fiiinily  of 
Htivi'M  cliililreii  croHiitMl  tlio  pliiins  to  the  far 
Went  ill  1841,  inakin^r  tlie  journey  witii  ox 
ti'HinH.  Two  of  thoir  (■iiihircii  were  iniirried 
iiikI  liroii^iit  tiifir  fiiiiiilieg  witii  tiuMii  to  (hc- 
^011  ill  184!).  Atiothur  chihi  wun  Iioi  ii  to  thiMii 
in  Oregon,  iind  tiu-ir  eij^iit  eliildren  ari<  utill 
living.  'I'licy  c^aiiie  witli  a  eonipany  of  fnr 
tradorrt,  tlie  e()nij)any  iinvinr;  ninety  carts  and 
the  oinigrantp  three  wagonw.  Wiien  they  ar- 
rived at  I'ort  Hall  tiicy  traded  tlie  oxoii  and 
wnrron  for  Indian  ponio*  and  packed  tliroiif^li 
from  that  place.  Mr.  Isaiah  Kelsey  married 
one  of  tlie  danghtcrs,  .Miea  Winnie  WillianiH, 
anil  caino  on  with  the  re.it  of  the  family  to 
Washington  county.  The  father  took  claim  to 
640  acres  of  land,  x'liere  his  son,  the  snhject  of 
onr  sketch,  now  resides,  one  mile  east  of  llilU- 
horonffli,  and   here   he   l)nilt   the  eahin   of  the 

iiioneer.  There  were  then  very  few  j)eople  here, 
{ev.  J.  S.  Griffin  and  wife,  and- a  'ew  white 
men  with  Indian  wives  were  seatttM'ed  far  apart 
over  the  valU^y.  The  Indians  used  to  frighten 
the  Williams  children  some,  hut  aside  from  that 
they  were  not  trouMesome.  With  the  excej)- 
tion  of  some  missionarieB  who  had  located  here 
some  time  previous,  the  Williainses  were  the 
first  white  emigi'ants  to  locate  in  the  valley. 
The  father  remained  on  his  farm  until  185(5. 
That  year  he  sold  it  to  his  sons,  Samuel  and 
Nathaniel,  and  removed  to  California,  where  ho 
resided  with  his  children  until  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1870,  at  the  age  of  seventy-four  years. 
His  life  was  characterized  by  simplicity  and  in- 
tegrity. His  wife  survived  him  until  1885,  and 
died  in  the  eighty-fifth  year  of  her  age,  at  the 
residence  of  her  son  Samuel.  They  had  been 
reared  i'reshyterians,  hut  later  hecame  Method- 
ists, and  were  devoted  Christians. 

Samuel  Williams  was  eight  years  of  age 
when  he  arrived  in  Oregon.  He  was  sent  to 
the  first  little  school  taught  at  Ilillsliorough, 
and  was  reared  on  the  farm.  He  volunteereil 
and  fought  in  the  Vakima  Indian  war,  and  was 
with  Colonel  Cornelius  all  through  the  noted 
campaign  against  the  Indians,  and  with  the 
other  brave  volunteers  suffered  much  hardship 
and  hunger,  and  like  the  rest,  was  glad  to  eat 
horse  and  nude  meat.  They  all  furnished  their 
own  horses  and  outfits. 

Mr.  Williams'  whole  life  has  been  devoted 
chiefly  to  agricultural  pursuits.  AVhenayoung 
man,  and  a  few  years  after  his   marriage,   he 

00 


made  two  tripi  to  t\w  mines  in  Idaho,  in  1862 
and  18ttl,  renniiiiing  thi-ee  iiinnths  each  time, 
aM<l  making  no  more  than  goml  wages.  He 
then  gave  up  mining  ami  turned  his  attention 
exclusively  to  his  farm,  and  has  nnide  of  it  one 
of  the  finest  farms  in  the  county.  He  has  built 
a  good  residence  ami  barns  and  nice  fences,  and 
every  thing  about  the  premises  indicates  thrift 
anil  ]U'osperity.  He  has  !{()(•  acres  of  'he  old 
claim,  whi(di  har-  become  very  <aluablc.  as  Hills- 
borough, the  county  seat,  has  grown  up  near  it. 

October  2'ii,  1^5(1,  .Mr.  Williams  married  Miss 
Kli/,a  .lolly,  born  in  lnwa  in  1881),  daughter  of 
Kev.  William  .lolly,  .i  noted  Oregon  piom'cr  of 
1S47.  Mr.  and  ^frs.  Williams  have  four  ehil- 
dren.  as  follows;  Kli/.a  .lane,  wife  of  .lolin  W, 
Sewell,  resides  on  a  fiirm  in  this  vicinity; 
.\manda  M.  is  now  Mrs.  (  .  (".  Fra/.icr,  and  re- 
siiles  at  Orande  Uonde,  In  i'  husband  being  n 
farmer;  Warren  W.  is  marric<l  anil  resides  in 
Hillsborough;  ami  Frank  .1.,  engaged  in  the 
livery  business  in  Hillsborough. 

.Mr.  Williams  is  a  Uepubliean.      lie  has  taken 
an  interest  in  everything  pertaining  to  the  gen 
eral  dcvcl(>i)mont  and  well  being  of  the  country. 
Ho  and  his  wife  now  reside  alone  in  the  com- 
fortablo  home  their  indui>»ry  built. 


fUA.NCIS  SToUT,  who  came  to  Oregon  in 
1852,  and  who  by  his  own  industrious 
efforts  has  been  one  of  the  intluciiual  and 
well-to-do  agriculturists  of  Vain  Hill  coiiiity, 
was  born  in  Morgan  comity,  Ohio,  February  !), 
184B.  His  father  .loiiathan  Stout,  was  a  native 
of  New  Jersey,  where  Francis'  grandfather, 
.loliii  Stout,  was  also  horn.  Jonathan  Stout 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Swank,  and  they  had  eight  children  in  Ohio. 
In  the  spring  of  1852  they  started  on  the  long 
journey  for  Oregan  with  oxen,  and  at  (irande 
Uonde  valley  their  ninth  child  was  born.  They 
were  six  months  on  the  road,  and  experienced 
much  sickness  and  suffering.  Francis  was  a 
lad  of  nine  years  at  this  time,  and  vividly  re- 
members those  <lays  of  trial.  They  arrived  at 
Portland,  and  the  next  spring  both  the  mother 
and  the  babe  died,  leaving  the  father  and  his 
little  family,  the  youngest  three  years  of  age, 
in  a  new,  strange  land.  The  ehlest  daughter, 
Margaret  (now  Mrs.  (iib.son),  took  care  of  the 


834 


nrsTour  of  oh/soon. 


little  fiuiiily  for  a  tiiiiu.  The  father  liaviiig 
liecn  HJi'k  on  tlie  pliiiiis.  iiiid  liciiig  still  in  poor 
licaltli,  the  Httli-  store  of  inariv  yi'arn  was  s|miit 
in  taking  care  of  tlieinsclves.  Sncli  circiiin- 
Btanccs  of  straitncss  catisod  the  family  to  scatter, 
anil  l''rancis  anil  his  youngest  sister,  then  three 
years  oiil  eanie  to  Yam  Hill  county  and  lived 
with  Kphraiin  Ford.  After  a  time  the  little 
girl  went  to  live  with  the  (ddest  sister. 

Francis  continued  with  Mr.  Ford  four  years, 
and  then  "worked  out,"  np  and  down  the  valley, 
l.atcr  his  father  purchased  a  piece  of  land  six 
miles  northwest  of  ^[c^^inllville,  and  David, 
I'Vancis  and  the  father  worked  together,  and  by 
"tii^ht  and  steady  ilrivin<r"  they  pros|)ured  for 
years,  until  they  had  saved  enough  to  make  a 
respectable  purchfiseof  other  lands.  The  father's 
first  purchase  was  320  acres,  and  Francis  and 
Ills  father  together  houirht  1)30  acres.  Later 
the  son  boufrht  his  father's  and  brother's  inter- 
est in  the  330  acres,  and  he  is  now  the  owner 
of  all.  On  this  property,  in  1872,  he  built  a 
f^ood  farm  residence,  and  ho  has  ■  made  many 
good  improvements,  purchased  other  lands,  ana 
is  now  in  comfortable  circunistances.  He  has 
made  a  f^ood  record  as  an  enterprising,  indus- 
trious and  reliable  farmer,  and  is  a  good  illus- 
tration of  what  the  rich  soil  of  Yam  Hill  county 
will  do  for  the  intelligent  and  industrious 
worker. 

In  18G8  Mr.  Stout  was  ha])pily  inarried  to 
Miss  Mary.l.  Hill,  a  native  of  ^fissouri,  ano 
thedauglitt-r  of  W.  G.  Hill,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1847.  His  family  came  in  1853.  Mr.  and 
Airs.  Stout  have  one  son  and  three  daughters. 
One  son  they  lost  in  his  fifth  year.  The  living 
children  are:  Delia  May,  .lessie  Alma,  Melvin 
Marcellis  and  Mary  Alice,  all  at  home  with 
their  parents. 

The  parents  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  CIiur(!h.  and  Air.  Stout  is  a  member 
of  the  official  boanl  of  that  society.  He  became 
a  voter  soon  after  the  l{epublic(\n  parly  was  or- 
giinizeil,  identifying  himself  with  that  party, 
and  he  has  ever  since  remained  loyal  to  the 
same,  being  always  interested  in  the  welfare  of 
the  country. 

Mrs.  Stout's  father  was  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
mnrricil  Miss  Adaline  Story,  of  his  own  State, 
who  in  crossing  the  jilains  in  1853  to  Oregon 
died  iif  exposure  luul  hardship;  she  was  buried 
in  ITniatilla  county,  en  route.  The  precise  loca- 
tion of  her  grave  the  family  has  since  been  un- 


able to  tinil.  Mr.  Hill  settled  near  La  Fayette 
on  a  donation  claim,  and  married  his  wife's 
sister,  Angeline  Story.  Later  he  sold  his  claim, 
and  now  resides  in  Whitman  county,  Washing- 
ton. 


-=»-^i^^C>*®<^*^ 


[EORUE  W.  OLDS,  a  pioneer  of  1851,  and 
ft  prominent  and  well-knoivn  farmer  and 
citizen  of  Yam  Hill  eountj',  was  liorn  in 
Hillsdale  county,  Michigan,  July  Ki,  1831. 
His  father,  Abel  Olds,  was  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, an<l  of  ancestry  traceable  back  to  one  of 
England's  wealthy  merchants  who,  with  a  fleet 
of  five  ships  laden  with  merchandise,  wna  cap- 
tured by  the  privateer  (!Rj)tain  Kidd,  and  the 
disposition  made  of  the  merchant  was  never 
ascertained,  but  it  is  believed  that  a  large 
amount  of  wealth  was  left  in  England.  Air. 
Olds'  father  married  Miss  Annie  Tliurston.  a 
native  of  New  York.  They  had  settled  as  pio- 
neers in  Branch  county,  Michigan,  and  were 
married  there  in  1827,  and  have  the  honor  of 
being  the  first  couple  married  in  St.  Joseph 
county.  They  continued  to  reside  in  Micliigan. 
and  had  five  daughters  and  one  son.  July  16, 
1844,  the  mother  died,  and  four  of  the  daugh- 
ters also  died  when  young;  the  eldest  daughter 
became  the  wife  of  James  Derby,  whose  sketch 
is  given  elsewhere  in  this  volume.  She  and  the 
subject  of  our  sketch  are  now  the  only  survivors 
of  the  family.     Their  father  died  in  1850. 

Mr.  Olds,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  was 
brought  upon  the  farm,  laboring  very  diligently 
during  all  the  wanner  portion  of  the  year,  and 
attending  school  during  the  wintor  in  a  log 
schoolhouse.  As  he  approached  manhood  lie 
was  employed  for  a  time  on  the  c^  "istruction  of 
the  Michigan  Southern  railroad,  the  first  built 
in  that  State. 

Crossing  the  plains  to  ( )regon  in  his  twentieth 
year,  he  came  with  his  uncle,  Martin  Olds,  who 
was  captain  of  the  company  and  a  man  of  note, 
boll'  in  Michigan  and  afterward  in  Oregon;  and 
Mr.  Old.',  tells  the  following  story  concerning 
the  courage  exhibited  by  his  uncle:  At  Wood 
river  the  Indians  had  taken  the  cover  off  from 
the  bridge  and  compel  id  some  of  the  emigrants 
to  slide  the  wagons  across  on  the  stringers. 
Martin  Olds  started  to  cross  on  a  stringer,  w'th 
a  heavy  stick  to  steady  himself.  When  part  of 
the  way  over,  a  heavy  Indian  chief  got  upon  the 


HISTOHY    OF    OHEaoN. 


Cit.l 


same  stringer  to  rnet't  him,  and  beckoning  to 
liini  at  the  same  time  to  return.  Mr.  Olds  re- 
futtod,  and  in  turi\  heckoned  to  the  chief  to  re- 
turn to  his  own  .side.  "  Hig  Indian"  refused, 
and  witli  one  l)low  of  the  stick  in  tiie  liands  of 
Mr.  Olds  his  copper-facod  majesty  was  knocked 
into  the  river!  As  lie  fell  he  yelled  out  an  un- 
earthly Indian  whoop,  and  all  his  braves  came 
down  to  the  i)ank  prepared  for  war.  The  emi- 
grants did  the  same,  and  when  the  Indians  saw 
that  they  could  not  intimidate  them,  they  de- 
sisted. Then  Mr.  Olds  made  them  put  the 
cover  back  upon  the  bridge,  and  they  passed 
over  in  safety.  They  found  emigrants  on  the 
other  side  who  were  afraid  to  go  forward  Ite- 
canse  of  the  Indians.  Mr.  Olds  separated  his 
train  and  put  the  timid  ones  in  the  middle,  and 
in  that  way  they  moved  forward.  The  Indians 
kept  following  them  until  they  became  tired, 
and  then  Captain  Olds  ordered  them  back  or  to 
go  away,  and  they  obeyed  him. 

On  arrival  in  Oregon  Mr.  Olds  came  to 
La  Fayette,  and  employed  himself  at  anything 
he  could  find  to  do, — on  the  farm,  in  the  saw- 
mill, etc.  Later,  with  five  pack-mnles,  he  went 
to  meet  his  sister  in  the  company  who  were  on 
their  way  to  Oregon,  and  liable  to  run  out  of 
supplies;  but  while  on  the  expedition  he  was 
taken  with  the  mountain  fever, — which  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  typhoid  fever  elsewhere, — and  this 
prostrated  him  so  that  he  could  not  proceed. 
After  he  had  been  sick  four  weeks  his  people 
came  and  found  him,  placed  him  on  a  wagon 
and  brought  him  back,  lie  became  so  low  that 
for  three  weeks  he  was  unconscious.  The  saving 
of  his  life  is  attributed  to  quinine  and  brandy, 
prescribed  i)y  a  physician,  to  be  giveti  him  after 
tile  fever  left  him.  On  arriving  at  Portland 
Mr.  Olds  was  a  mere  skeleton,  and  it  was  late 
the  next  summer  before  he  was  able  to  do  any 
work.  When  he  was  at  the  Dalles,  on  his  way 
home,  he  was  weighed  and  found  to  weigh  only 
si.\ty-eight  pounds! 

lie  was  employed  a  year  by  Daniel  Johnson 
in  il.riving  stage  from  La  Fayette  to  Portland, 
and  Uie  following  year  worked  on  a  (lovornnient 
road  near  Walla  Walla,  and  then,  in  company 
with  another  party,  he  purchased  a  threshing- 
machine;  but  the  Indian  war  broke  out,  and  lie 
left  the  thresher  with  J.  W.  Cook,  and  enlisted 
and  served  through  the  war.  Next  he  engaged 
in  driving  pack  trains;  then  drove  a  Govern- 
ment team  from  the  Dalles  to  Walla  Walla  and 
in  tile  Vakima  country. 


In  1858  he  came  to  Yam  Hill  county,  locating 
where  he  now  resides,  lie  purchased  cigiity 
acres  of  land  eight  miles  northeast  of  McMinn- 
ville,  on  the  Sheridan  road.  There  was  then  a 
small  frame  cabin  there.  .Vftor  building  some 
fence  on  the  premises,  he  went  to  La  Fayette 
and  was  married.  Next  he  was  hired  to  work 
in  the  sawmill  of  .lohn  Ensley,  while  his  wife 
cooked  for  the  hands  employed  there,  being  paid 
$40  per  month,  in  lumber  at  ^10  a  thousand 
feet.  On  being  informed  that  he  could  work 
also  on  Sundays  and  have  all  the  lumber  he 
could  make,  he  gleaned  the  heaviest  tops  of  tlu> 
trees  that  had  been  cut  down  and  left,  and  pre- 
pared them  for  the  sawmill.  One  large  tree  was 
t;iven  him  which  stood  on  the  hill  above  his 
10U60,  in  an  almost  inaccessible  place.  lie  be- 
gan to  burn  it  down,  but  fearing  that  it  might 
fall  upon  the  house,  he  was  obliged  to  cut  it  on 
a  certain  side  to  cause  it  to  fall  another  way, 
and  was  successful.  Then  he  mid  his  wife 
saw-^d  it  into  logs  of  propei'  length,  and  with 
an  extra  team  hauled  them  to  mill,  and  thus 
saved  8,000  feet  of  lumber.  After  five  months 
working  in  this  way  he  had  accumulated  20,000 
feet  of  lumber  for  his  wages,  and  18,000  feet 
for  his  Sunday  work.  Ho  sold  what  lie  did  not 
want  for  hi.s  house,  and  the  next  spring  he 
moved  to  the  place  where  lie  built,  planted  trees, 
and  made  one  of  the  best  farms  in  the  coiintj 

In  the  meaiitinie,  in  company  with  Daniel 
Parker,  he  wont  to  the  mines  at  Florence  City 
with  pack  animals,  and  after  an  ab.sence  of  three 
months  he  returned  with  r^lOOO  in  gold  dust. 
Thus  he  was  able  to  go  to  Portland  and  pur- 
chase the  furniture  and  many  other  things 
which  he  greatly  needed. 

During  the  following  spring  (1802)  he  re- 
turned to  those  mines,  remained  there  the  same 
length  of  time,  and  returned  with  as  much  more 
money,  witl  which  ho  purchased  more  land, — 
first  eighty  acres  adjoining,  and  later  ^i.\ty  aitres 
more.  The  war  came  on.  and  prices  went  up. 
He  sowed  over  sixty  acres  to  wheat,  had  an  im- 
mense yield,  most  of  it  going  up  as  high  as 
sixty  bushels  to  the  acre,  lie  sob!  K)0  iuishels 
at  '.'to  cents;  2.300  bushels  at  !?1.40,  and  '.100 
bushels  at  ^2.2.')  per  l)ushel! 

January  11.  18(!5,  he  moved  out  of  the  oid 
cabin,  into  the  fine,  new  house.  Since  then  he 
has  bought  twenty-five  acres  of  tiniberiid  land. 
lie  has  built  upon  his  property  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  barns  in  the  coniify.  Thus  inir 
pioneer  is  very  nicely  situated. 


I 


see 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


November  10,  1859,  Mr.  Olds  married  Miss 
Klicn  Siiiick.  II  native  of  lown,  mid  tlie  daiif^h- 
ter  of  lion.  Andrew  Sliiick,  ii  j)ioneer  of  1847. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Olds  have  iiaii  three  dauj^hters. 
The  eldest,  Minnie,  died  November  22,  1878, 
in  lier  Bixteentli  year;  Augusta  died  August 24, 
1874,  in  her  tliird  year;  and  Klla  H.,  l)orn  July 
U,  1871,  is  living,  now  the  wife  of  James  H. 
Durani.  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a  tinner  by 
trade. 

Mr.  Olds  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Grange 
in  his  neighborliood,  in  which  lie  served  for  a 
time  as  Overseer.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.  He  has  been  a  Democrat,  but 
now  sympathizes  rather  with  the  People's  party. 
lie  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  school  in- 
terests of  his  community  for  twenty-three  years; 
was  for  a  long  time  Clerk  of  tlio  Board.  He  is 
liberal  in  his  religious  views,  and  is  a  gentleman 
of  intelligence  and  ability. 


5-^H-#- 


y)N.  MARION  H.  IlENI)RICK,a  worthy 
( )regon  pioneer  of  1852,  is  of  German 
extraction.  His  ancestry  settled  in  Vir- 
ginia previous  to  the  Revolutionary  war,  and 
participated  in  the  struggle  for  Amorieaii  inde- 
jHindence.  A  descendant  of  these  ancestors  re- 
moved to  Kentucky,  where,  in  18t)6,  was  born 
William  A.  Hendrick,  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  who  married  Miss  Maria  Bird, 
a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  the  daughter  of  Rob- 
ert Bird,  of  that  State.  They  had  four  children, 
of  whom  only  two  are  now  living,  namely: 
Martini,  who  resides  in  Iowa;  and  M.  B.,  who 
is  the  the  subject  of  this  article. 

^fr.  Ih^ndriek  was  born  in  Kentucky,  August 
28,  1828,  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  and  in 
1852  crossed  the  plains  and  mo\intain8  with  ox 
teams  to  Oregon.  He  paid  for  liis  passage  a 
jiart  of  the  way  by  driving  a  team,  and  the  rest 
of  the  way  he  came  on  foot.  Starting  April 
15,  he  arrived  at  the  Dalles,  August  20.  After 
arriving  here  ho  first  worked  six  miles  west  of 
Oregon  (^ity.  at  whatever  he  could  get  to  do. 
In  the  spring  he  went  to  the  mines  in  southern 
Oregon,  but  iiiiniediately  returned  and  engaged 
in  fanning  on  shares  in  Yam  Hill  county,  near 
Wheat iiiiid.  Raising  a  large  crop  of  wheat — 
forty  bushels  to  the  uric— he  had  1,200  bushels, 
which  be  sold  at  Uo  cents  a  inishel.  He  next 
wout  to  Marion  count V,  took    up  a  (quarter  sec- 


tion of  land,  made  improvements  niion  it,  and 
at  length  sold  it,  moved  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  business  and  ware- 
housing at  Wheatland.  In  1862-'(i3  iie  built 
the  first  warehouse  there,  lie  proBpere<l  and 
built  a  fiouring  mill  there,  which,  however,  was 
afterward  burned,  entailing  heavy  loss.  Mr. 
Hendrick  continued  to  run  his  other  business, 
and  purchased  land  and  engaged  in  hop-raising, 
and  lie  also  had  a  wareliou.se  at  Independence. 
The  great  flood  of  18110  destroyed  his  store- 
house at  Wheatland  and  25,000  bushels  of 
wheat.  Nevertheless,  he  rebuilt,  and  cour- 
ageously continued  in  business.  In  1888,  with 
his  son  Miles,  he  started  uBtore  at  Amity.  He 
is  still  raising  hops  and  wheat.  On  a  portion 
of  liis  land  he  platted  the  town  of  Wheatland. 
Ho  is  doing  a  large  business,  buying  and  sell- 
ing produce,  and  dealing  in  general  merchan- 
dise. Ill  his  church  relations  Mr.  Hendrick 
is  a  member  of  the  I^vangelical  Church,  in 
which  he  was  a  Trustee,  and  he  aided  in  build- 
ing their  house  of  worship  in  AVheatland.  In 
his  political  sympathies  he  is  a  Democrat.  In 
1878  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  in  the  investi- 
gations which  saved  the  State  a  large  sum.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  Assessor  of  the  county,  and 
served  a  term  in  that  capacity,  doing  faithful 
work.  He  is  a  man  of  ability  and  integrity,  en- 
joying  the  confidence  and  good-will  of  a  wide 
circle  of  acquaintances.  He  is  now  about  to 
build  in  Amity  a  valuable  residence,  in  which  he 
intends  to  spend  the  evening  of  his  very  active 
and  honorable  business  life. 

April  lit,  1855,  is  the  date  of  his  marriage  to 
Miss  Plllis  Sawyer,  a  daughter  of  Mark  Saw- 
yer, who  was  a  pioneer  of  1847.  lie  has  had 
four  children:  Ella,  a  bookkeeper  at  McMinn- 
ville;  Miles  K.,  in  business  with  his  father  at 
Amity;  Elnora,  now  the  wife  of  E.  M.  Bried- 
well,  a  business  man  in  Amity;  Lovie  R.,  now 
Mrs.  Arlington  Watt;  and  lone,  deceased.  Mr. 
Hendrick  is  a  member  of  Church  of  the  United 
Brethren  in  Christ. 


fROFESSOR  LEANDEU  HUSTON  RA- 
KER, a  pioneer  of  1853,  and  for  many 
years  the  successful  C'oiinty  Su[K^rintendent 
of  Schools  of  Yam  Hill  county,  is  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  born  August  18,  1849, 


nr STORY  OP  on  SOON. 


bM 


When  l)iit  four  years  ()f  age  he  accoinpiiiiied 
his  parents  to  the  West,  wliere  hv  was  reareil 
and  educated,  and  lias  residi'd  for  the  past  thir- 
ty-nine years,  reHecting  credit,  alike  on  Ills 
comity  and  State. 

Ills  t'atlier,  Caleh  B.  Haker,  was  a  Kentiick- 
ian,  and  was  born  in  1HV2.  Ills  ancestors  were 
Welsh  and  English,  wlio  settled  in  America 
pt*evions  to  tlie  lievolutionary  war,  and  grainl- 
rather  Maker  served  on  the  side  of  the  colonies 
ill  their  memorable  strnggle  for  independence. 
Professor  Baker'.-,  father  married  Miss  Lonisa 
Berry,  a  )iati"e  of  his  State,  whose  ancestors 
were  English,  of  an  equally  long  residence  in 
America.  They  had  five  children,  two  dying 
in  infancy  while  the  family  resided  in  Ken- 
tucky, and,  in  1851,  the  faithful  wife  and  de- 
voted mother  also  died,  leaving  three  small 
children  to  the  care  of  the  father.  Some  time 
afterward,  the  father  married  again,  his  second 
wife  being  Mitis  Fanny  li.  Johnson.  In  1853, 
acconi|)anied  by  his  small  fnmily,  consisting  of 
his  wife  and  his  three  sons,  James  Edward, 
John  Wesley,  and  Leander  fluston,  he  emigrated 
to  Washington  Territory.  With  the  cnstomary 
emigrant's  outfit  of  oxen  and  wagons,  ho  tool; 
the  northern  route,  or  Natchez  Pass,  crossing 
the  Cascade  nionntain.s  near  the  foot  of  Mount 
Panier,  reaching  Puget  sound  in  the  fall  of  that 
year.  This  was  the  first  train  that  had  come 
over  that  route.  After  arriving  at  the  sound, 
they  settled  on  320  acres  of  land  on  (trand 
Mound  prairie,  on  which  a  log  cabin  was  raised 
and  |)ioneer  life  begun.  Stock-raising  became 
their  principal  business,  in  which  they  were 
very  successful.  The  father  was  a  man  of  va- 
ried information,  public-spirited,  enterprising 
and  iKtapitablc.  His  house  was  a  home  and  ref- 
uge to  the  pioneer,  and  every  minister  who 
came  that  vpvy,  was  an  honored  and  welcome 
guest.  lie  was  an  active  Methodist,  and  deeply 
interested  in  the  affairs  of  the  church,  lie 
also  took  a  very  great  interest  in  the  political 
questions  of  the  day,  and  being  esteemed  a  man 
of  intelligence  and  ability,  his  constituents 
elected  him  to  represent  them  in  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  Territory,  where  he  served  for  three 
terms,  rendering  entire  satisfaction  to  all  con- 
cerned. In  this  way  he  became  identified  with 
the  interests  of  Washington  Territory,  a)iil  wt^ll 
and  favorably  known  to  all  the  eminent  pioneers 
of  his  time.  Two  children  were  born  in  Wash- 
ington, Allen  Baxter  and  Mary  Almeda.  The 
tjldest  son,  James  Edward,  married   Miss  Mary 


E.  AVhite,  a  daughter  of  Charles  White,  the 
able  sheriff  if  Wasco  county.  Oregon.  This 
son  made  his  home  at  the  Dalles  for  sonu;  time, 
when,  in  18()(),  he  returned  to  Washington,  and 
the  following  year  was  elected  a  memiier  of 
the  Legislature,  whore  he  proved  himself  an  In- 
telligent and  active  representative  of  the  peo- 
ple's Interests.  In  the  spring  of  181)8,  he 
moved  to  La  Fayette,  Oregon,  where  he  received 
the  a|)polntment  of  Deputy  {!ounty  Clerk, 
which  position  he  filled  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  June,  1809.  His  probity  In  all  mat- 
ters and  kindly  disposition  rendered  him  very 
j)o|)ular  among  hia  fellow-men,  and  his  death 
was  sincerely  lamented  by  the  whole  commu- 
nity, as  well  as  by  all  those  who  had  known  him 
and  realized  his  worth.  John  W.,  the  second 
son,  resides  In  McMlnnvillo,  where  he  Is  re- 
garded asone  of  the  leading  mechanics.  He  also 
takt^s  great  interest  in  tiio  politics  of  his  county 
and  State.  He  was  nnirried  to  Miss  Lucretia 
Martin,  of  La  Fayette,  In  1808.  Tlu!  third  son 
is  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  of  whom  we  will 
speak  more  at  length  hereafter.  AlWm  Baxter, 
the  son  born  in  the  West,  or  Child  of  the  Occi- 
dent, as  he  might  justly  be  called,  iTiarried  Miss 
Pliiebe  C'.  lleniy.  of  La  Fayette,  and  was  for  a 
time  a  ilrnggist  in  McMiiuiville;  later,  he  was 
connected  with  the  mall  services  in  i'ortland, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred October  :^7,  18SS.  The  father,  after  a 
life  of  genuine  usefulness  and  great  benevolence, 
died  in  the  spring  of  1805,  his  death  being  felt 
by  many  as  a  |)ublic  calamity.  His  faithful 
wife  still  survives,  and  now  resides  with  her 
daughter  in  Portland. 

The  8id)ject  of  our  sketch  rcceiviMl  his  educa- 
tion at  the  Willanu'tte  (fniversity  and  McMinn- 
ville  (!ollege,  and  has  since  mildc  teacdiing  and 
educational  otKces  his  ])rinclpal  business,  liav 
lug  been  engaged  In  scliool  work  in  Yam  Hill 
county  for  twenty  years,  ten  years  of  wliich 
tinu'  he  has  been  sup(>rlntendent  of  the  public 
schools  of  the  county.  Muring  this  long  serv- 
ice, his  uniform  kindiu'ssof  heart  iind  cNtreme 
consideration  for  all  alike,  both  high  and  low, 
together  with  his  fuitlifnlness,  which  resembles 
devotion,  to  his  work,  have  etidear(Ml  him  alik(^ 
to  patrons,  children  and  teachers;  while  his 
able  efforts  and  intelligent  direction,  have  ele- 
vated and  improved  the  condition  of  tli(!  schools 
under  his  charge.  To  him  is  due  the  credit  of 
inaugurating  teachers'  local  institutes  in  his 
county,  as  well  as  of  having  lirst  conceived  the 


1 


nisTour  OF  oREOOk. 


Tlicse    small 
ii  powpr    for 


Idea  of  such  local  liirititiitioiis. 
hcijiiiniiii's  liiive  ttrown  to  1)0 
jfood  whore  tliouglits  and  inotliods  of  scliool 
work  are  i'xcliaiii.red,  rcisiiltincr  in  widewpread 
iiiformatioti  on  siilijectH  of  vital  interost  to  both 
educators  and  Hioso  liaving  tlu-  care  of  the 
younj^.  not!)  local  and  State  institutes  are  now 
held,  which  are  attended  hy  great  nunibera  of 
teachers  and  lay  people.  The  I'rofcssor  has 
now  the  fatitifaction  of  having  these  local  insti- 
tutions authoi'ixed  by  the  State,  which  were  in- 
augurated in  a  small  way  hy  himself.  He  has 
witnessed  the  log  schooihouse,  with  its  rough 
appointments,  give  way  and  change  into  the 
coininodions  and  substantial  structure  for 
which  our  States  are  famous,  finished  in  the 
best  manner,  and  furnished  with  all  the  latest 
improvi'ini'iits  for  the  prosecntion  of  school  work. 

The  I'rofessor  was  married  in  1874:  to  Miss 
Willie  S.  McTeer,  a  highly  estimable  hidy,  and 
a  daughter  of  Kobert  McTeer,  of  Yam  Hill 
e.ouuty.  Tliey  have  had  fivo  children,  all  born 
in  Yam  Hill  county:  Mabel  Pearl,  Fiarl  Clif- 
ford, .lames  Carlisle,  Hallie  Leone,  and  Una 
(leorgia,  all  intelligent,  and  promising  to  re- 
flect credit  on  their  native  State. 

I'rofessor  liaker  6j)end8  his  vacations  on  his 
farm  of  320  acres,  located  on  the  Willamette 
river,  six  miles  from  La  Fayette.  Here  he 
raises  grain,  Durham  cattle  and  fine  road  horses, 
from  which  (:ccn|)ation  he  derives  both  pleasure 
an<l  profit. 

Thus  by  Well-directed  exertions,  and  ability, 
goviTiu'd  by  good  jndgn  ,nt,  he  has  aci]uired 
an  enviable  position  both  in  material  affairs  and 
in  the  regard  of  his  fellow-men. 

— ^^gl:®!^'!^^ — 


\\\l\  M.  WALKKU,  of  Forest  CJrove, 
Washington  county,  is  the  earliest 
.\iiierican  settler  of  Oregon  now  living, 
she  havitig  crossed  the  plains  on  horseback  to 
this  State  in  1S8S. 

'•(Irandma"  Walker,  as  she  is  familiarly  called, 
was  born  in  ISaMwin,  Maine,  Aj)ril  I.  1811, 
(hinghtfr  of  .losepb  and  Charlotte  (Thom|)8on) 
Itichardson.  both  nativesof  tlio  Pine  Tree  State. 
The  ancestors  of  both  the  Tlmmpson  and  Rich- 
ardson families  went  from  near  iJoston  to  \\M- 
win.  They  were  j)rominent  people  an<l  mem- 
bers of  the  ( 'onj;regational  (iiurch.  Her  father 
was  a  Heacon  in  the  church,  and   by  pnircssion 


a  school  teacher.  Her  grandfather,  Joseph 
Ilichardson,  and  his  brother  David  fought  in 
the  Il<<volutionary  war  under  General  Washing- 
ton, and  iier  grandfather  Isaac  Thom])8on,  also 
a  llevolutionary  soldier,  was  killed  on  the  sec- 
ond day  of  his  service.  Mrs.  Walker  was  the 
second  born  in  a  family  of  eleven  children,  and 
was  a  sickly  child  for  several  years.  She,  how- 
ever, had  an  unusually  bright  mind,  and 
at  an  i  ''rly  age  vowed  a  vow  unto  the  Lord 
that  if  he  would  make  her  strong  she 
would  devote  her  life  to  tlie  missionary 
cause.  It  was  not,  however,  until  her  twen- 
tieth year  that  she  made  a  jjrofession  of  re- 
ligion and  joined  the  Congregational  Church. 
Soon  after  this  she  offered  her  services  to  the 
American  IJoard  of  Missions.  The  I?oard  sent 
a  Mr.  Thej'er  to  her  home  to  see  her  and  to 
learn  of  the  character  of  her  family  and  her 
(jualifications,  and  from  his  report  of  her  they 
decided  to  acce])t  her  services.  They  were  then 
fitting  out  a  mission  for  Central  Africa;  but, 
while  they  were  waiting  for  the  smoke  of  war 
to  clear- away  in  that  country,  Mr.  W.  H.  (Jray 
came  East  from  Oregon  for  missionary  re-en- 
forcements, and  for  a  wife,  and  the  Board  de- 
cided to  send  them  to  Oregon.  Thev  wished 
their  missionaries  to  be  married  before  going  to 
Oregon.  Mrs.  Walker  had  previously  had 
several  offers  of  marriage,  but  lest  it  might 
interfere  with  her  vow  she  had  declined.  The 
Missionary  IJoard  had  a  young  man  named  El- 
kanah  Walker,  whom  they  were  going  to  send 
as  a  missionary,  and  they  gave  him  a  letter  of 
introduction  to  Miss  ilary  Richardson  and  her 
family,  and  hoped  '  '  would  look  upon  him 
with  favor.  He  was  invited  to  remain  with 
them  a  few  days,  and,  after  due  consideration, 
she  fell  in  with  the  plan  of  the  Board,  and  they 
were  married  March  5,  ISiiS.  That  day  they 
ftarted  on  their  long  western  journey.  They 
crot'sed  the  .Mlegliany  mountains  in  coaches. 
At  Westport.  Missonri,  they  found  Mr.  (tray 
and  Iiis  wife  awaiting  them  with  mules  and 
saddles,  and  necessary  outfit.  The  missionary 
party  was  composed  of  the  following:  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gray,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Ells,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker.  They  crossed 
the  plains  in  the  same  train  with  the  American 
Fur  Company,  and  after  many  hardships  inci- 
dent to  travel  in  this  way  over  a  new  country, 
they  arrived  in  due  time  at  Wailatpu,  where 
they  siiunt  the  first  winter.  There,  December 
7,  18;{8,  a  son  was  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker, 


BTSTOi,/    OiV   ORBnON. 


Cyrus  Iliiiiiliii,  tliu  first  wiiitu  iiiiile  ciiild  liorn 
in  the  Territory.  Tlie  first  wiiite  feiiinle  cliild 
born  in  the  Territory  was  Alice  Wiiitiiian,  in 
1837. 

In  tlie  spring  they  went  to  their  mission  field 
on  the  Tshimiikain, — Walker's  Prairie  it  was 
called, — where  they  remained  teaching  tlie  In- 
dians until  after  the  news  reached  them  of 
the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whitman,  his  wife  and 
others,  in  November,  1847.  They  first  went  to 
Fort  Colville,  an<l  remained  until  the  spring  of 
1848,  when  they  were  escorted  to  the  Willam- 
ette valley  by  soldiers  sent  for  that  purpose. 
They  spent  the  winter  at  Oregon  City,  and  the 
next  fall  came  to  the  donation  claim  where  For- 
est Grove  now  is.  They  took  the  claim  that  a 
Mr.  liu.vton  had,  paying  him  for  his  right,  and 
Imilta  hewed-log  lion«e,  and  here  Mrs.  Walker 
has  since  resided,  her  worthy  companion  having 
passed  to  his  home  above  in  November,  1877. 

Hev.  Klkar.ah  Walkei'  was  born  in  North 
Yarmotith,  Maine,  Auirnst  7,  1805.  lie  was 
educated  at  Fhelps  Academy,  and  in  the  Hangor 
Theological  Seminary,  and  was  ordained  a  for- 
eign missionary  by  tiie  American  Hoard  of 
Foreign  Missions.  At  the  mission  he  estab- 
lished near  Spokane  Falls,  he  and  his  wife 
labored  faithfully  for  nine  years,  teaching  the 
Indians  the  way  of  truth  and  life.  After  they 
located  in  Oregon  City  he  was  employed  at 
team  work  for  a  time,  and  during  the  absence 
of  the  men  at  the  gold  diggings  in  California, 
he  made  considerable  money  with  his  team. 
After  coming  to  Forest  Grove  he  was  I'astor  of 
the  Congregational  Churcli,  and  and  also, 
preached  at  other  places  as  opportunity  offered, 
continuing  his  work  nearly  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  up- 
building of  the  church,  and  also  <>f  an  educa- 
tional institution  at  Forest  Grove,  giving  ^1.000 
each  toward  tlie  establishment  of  tlie  college  and 
the  church. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walker  had  seven  sons  and  one 
daughter,  all  married.  All  l)ecame  members  of 
the  chnrcli,  and  all  except  one  t;re  now  liv- 
ing. Six  were  born  at  the  mission  fiel<l,  and 
two  in  the  Willamette  valley.  The  oldest,  Cyrus 
Hamlin,  is  now  a  farmer  at  Albany,  Oregon; 
Marcus  Whitman,  resides  in  Washington,  where 
he  is  engaged  in  sawmilling  and  farming; 
Joseph  Klkanah,  has  been  a  missionary  to  China 
twenty  years;  Jeremiah,  <lied  in  the  twenty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age;  John  li.,  is  a  black- 
smith   in    Washington;     Abigail,     the   second 


child,  is  the  wife  of  .laino  Karr,  :i  liinilicr 
manufacturer  of  Washington;  Levi  (!.,  a 
surveyoi'  and  civil  engineer,  is  now  principal  ni' 
Harrison  Institute,  at  Cheinawa.  near  Salem, 
Oregon;  Samuel  T.,  lives  on  the  farm  with  his 
mother.  Mrs.  Walker  has  twenty-four  grand- 
children, and  four  great-grandchildren. 

fOIlN  GRONEU,  deceased,  was  an  t  )regon 
])ioneer  of  1858  and  a  prominent  fanner  of 
Washington  county. 

He  was  born  in  I'lm,  Germany,  A|)ril  1."), 
1832.  His  parents  were  (iermaii  Lutherans 
and  farmers,  and  his  father  was  also  a  public  of- 
ficer. Mr.  Groner  was  educated  in  Germany, 
and  at  eighteen  years  of  age  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  and  settled  in  Missunri.  where  he 
was  employed  as  a  farm  hand,  at  $8  per  month. 
He  also  worked  on  the  railroad.  In  18411,  he 
sailed  for  California,  by  way  of  Iho  Islhinus, 
and  upon  his  arrival  in  the  CJolden  State  woi'l<e<l 
at  mining  two  years,  and  one  year  in  ii  vineyanl 
near  Los  .\ngeles.  He  then  came  to  Oregon, 
bringing  with  him  about  ^2,000,  which  he  hi.d 
saved  out  of  his  earnings.  He  landed  at  Vii',- 
toria,  i'ritish  Columbia,  and/roni  there  crr.ised 
the  sound  and  walked  to  Portland.  In  the  hitler 
place  be  worked  as  a  baker,  a  trade  which  ho 
had  learned  in  Germany.  From  Portland  he 
eaiiie  to  Washington  county  and  purchased  KiO 
acres  of  land,  four  miles  south  of  ll'.'edville. 
He  was  a  thorough  business  man  and  worked 
hard  and  made  money  fast,  and  as  time  ])assed 
by  added  to  his  land  until  he  had  one  thousand 
acres,  one  of  the  best  farms  in  his  part  of  the 
county. 

In  .lune,  1802,  Mr.  Groner  married  Mrs.  Kl- 
len  McKernan.  She  was  born  in  Ireland  in 
1831.  In  1880  he  built  the  large  frame  house 
in  which,  with  his  family,  he  resided  until  his 
death.  He  died  of  heart  disease,  .lanuary  2, 
1891,  leaving  a  widow  and  four  children. 

Mr.  Groner  was  in  politics  a  I)enio(M-at,  and 
had  been  for  a  number  of  years  the  Postmaster 
of  Sclioll's  i'erry.  He  gave  the  whole  of  his 
attention  to  his  farm  and  business  and  had  ac- 
iniired  the  ivpntation  of  being  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  farmers  in  the  county,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  his  farm  lu;  had  property  in  Portland, 
which  has  largely  advance<l  in  value.  The  Port- 
land  proiierty  at    his  ileatli  went  to  his  widow, 


000 


nrsronr  of  onkaoN. 


I  I 
111' 


while  tlic  farm  was  luft,  iiiidividcd,  to  his  tlirue 
sons;  Fcrd,  George  K.,  and  Herman,  all  of  whom 
are  unmarried  and  live  on  it.  They  cultivate 
4()0  acres  and  devote  the  rest  to  stock  purposes. 
His  cjauf^hter  Julia  is  the  wife  of  U.  S.  Grant 
Manjuam,  a  well-to-do  attorney  of  Portland. 


-^< 


fOllN  ('.  HALL,  amnch  respected  citizen  of 
llillsboro  came  to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  has 
since  lieeii  idcntitied  with  the  interests  of 
this  State.  lie  was  horn  in  I'ettis  county, 
Missouri,  January  23,  1840,  and  is  descended 
from  Welsh  ancestors,  who  settled  in  Maryland 
when  that  State  was  a  colony,  and  from  the 
king  received  a  grant  of  land.  The  early  ances- 
tors of  the  family  were  seafaring  men,  and  the 
branch  from  which  our  subject  is  descended  em- 
igrated to  Kentucky  at  an  early  day,  being 
among  the  pioneers  of  the  State. 

Josiah  Hall,  the  father  of  John  C,  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  December  ^21,  1800,  and  when  he 
arrived  at  mature  years  was  married  to  Mary 
I''isher,  a  native  of  east  Tennessee,  born  July 
31.  1807,  and  of  German  descent.  After  their 
marriage  they  moved  to  Virginia,  later  to  Illi- 
nois, and  from  there  to  Missouri.  They  were 
Protestants  in  religion  and  farmers  by  occu- 
pation. They  had  four  sons  and  a  daughter, 
and  with  them,  in  1852,  they  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  starting  April  27,  and  ar- 
riving at  Fort  llall  July  3,  and  at  Portland 
August  30.  From  Portland  they  went  due 
west  seven  miles  and  settled  upon  a  dona- 
tion claim  of  320  acres.  On  this  claim  his 
parents  made  their  home  the  rest  of  their 
lives.  The  Ihther  died  September  2(5,  1806,  in 
the  sixtieth  year  of  his  age,  and  the  mother 
jiassed  away  .November  10,  1880.  in  her  eight- 
ieth year.  Of  their  family,  only  three  are  now 
living,  two  sons  and  a  daughter.  Theoldest  son. 
lienjarnin  S.,  died  in  1880.  and  left  a  wife  and 
six  children.  John  ('.,  was  the  second  born. 
Mary  F.  married  .Mr.  GeorgeH.  Reeves,  and  re 
"ides  at  Cedar  Mills,  this  county. 

John  C  Hall  was  twelve  years  old  when  he 
came  to  Oregon.  He  received  his  education  at 
Forest  Grove.  When  he  grew  up  he  engaged 
in  farniingon  his  own  account,  and  subsequently 
purchased  eighty-six  acres  of  his  father's  dona- 
tion claim.     On  this  property   he  lived  twenty- 


one  years,  developed  it  into  a  fine  farm,  and  still 
owns  it  all  except  seven  acres. 

April  15,  1808,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Nan- 
cy P.  Imbler,  who  was  born  in  Iowa,  Afarch  28. 
1850,  of  German  ancestry.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hall 
have  had  six  children,  namely:  Posie,  whodied  in 
infantry;  Mary  Lilly,  who  lived  to  be  eleven  years 
of  age;  Charles,  who  is  now  principal  of  the  C'or- 
nelius  Academy;  and  the  following  wjio  are  at 
home  and  attending  school  at  llillsboro,  George 
A.,  Commodore  Perry  and  Lottie  Gurtha. 

Mr.  Hall  cast  his  first  jiresidential  vote  for 
Lincoln  and  has  ever  sinc^  been  a  stanch  liepub- 
licitn.  In  1878  he  was  nominated  by  his  party 
and  elected  County  Surveyor,  and  at  the  close  of 
his  term  was  re-elected.  In  1888  he  was  again 
chosen  for  the  same  position,  has  since  been 
elected  twice  and  is  now  serving  his  third 
successive  term.  He  is  energetic  and  full  of 
business  and  has  done  a  vast  amount  of  work  in 
this  line  in  his  county. 

He  and  his  wife  were  reared  Methodists,  but 
in  1S80,  through  reading  the  works  of  the 
Seventh-Day  Adventists,  they  espoused  that 
faith  and  have  since  lived  it  to  the  best  of  their 
ability.  They  do  not  use  spirits  of  any  kind  or 
tea  or  coffee,  only  in  limited  (jnantities,  and  they 
have  had  neither  lard  nor  pork  in  their  house 
for  twelve  years.  They  are  a  very  healthy 
family. 


'HOMAS    OTCHIN,  a  worthy  citizen  of 
Washington  county,  Oregon,  is  one  of  the 
very  few  men  who   are  left  of  the  brave 
pioneers  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1839. 

Mr.  Otcliin  was  born  in  Lincolnshire.  Fug- 
land,  Xovember  17.  1814.  IHs  parents  were 
William  and  Mary  (Knight)  Otchin,  natives  of 
Fngland  and  of  old  Fnglish  ancestry.  They 
were  members  of  the  Church  of  England,  and 
his  father  was  a  farm  laborer.  Thomas  was  the 
fifth  of  their  family  of  nine  children.  He  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  land,  and  was 
there  married  to  Miss  Mary  J?eck.  In  1830  he 
eutered  the  employ  of  the  Hudson's  Iky  Com- 
pany, brought  his  young  wife  to  America,  and 
landed  at  York  Fort  on  the  Hudson's  Pay.  Then 
he  went  to  the  lied  river  country,  walking  with 
snowshoes  and  drawing  the  sled  on  which  were 
his  supplies.  He  farmed  in  the  Red  river 
country  two  years.     In  1839  he  came   to  Fort 


tiiafORY    OF    OlifSOON. 


801 


Vancouver.  From  here  he  went  to  the  Franer 
river  and  was  in  the  dairy  biisiness  for  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  two  years.  In  184-1  he 
took  a  donation  claim  on  the  sound,  and  farmed 
near  where  Olympia  now  is.  After  remaining 
there  a  year,  he  came  in  1842  to  tlie  Tualitin 
valley  and  took  up  640  acres,  the  donation  claim 
on  which  he  now  resides.  He  traded  with  the 
Indians  for  supplies,  went  to  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company  at  Fort  Vancouver  for  flour  and 
wheat,  and  here  he  resided  until  the  gold  ex- 
citement in  California,  in  1848,  when  Tie  went 
to  the  mines.  At  Mormon  island  he  dug  about 
^8,000  worth  of  the  yellow  dust,  and  returned 
to  Oregon  with  about  half  of  it.  Since  then 
he  has  resided  on  his  ranch,  living  the  life  of  a 
prosperous  and  upright  farmer. 

Two  children  were  born  to  him  and  his  wife 
east  of  the  mountains,  both  of  whom  are  de- 
ceased; and  his  faithful  companion  who  had 
been  witli  him  in  all  his  pioneer  wanderings, 
and  had  sliared  all  his  privations  and  dangers 
as  well  as  his  later  prosperity,  died  February  1, 
1879. 

In  1858,  Mr.  Otchin  returned  to  I^ngland  to 
visit  his  relati"eB  and  the  scenes  of  his  child- 
hood, and  while  he  was  there  his  sister  died, 
leaving  a  daughter,  Miss  Mary  A.  Simpson, 
who  in  October,  1881,  came  to  Oregon.  On 
his  return  to  this  State  Mr.  Otchin  brought  with 
him  his  wife's  sister,  who  survived  her  arrival 
in  this  country  but  three  years,  b'or  eleven 
years  his  niece  has  been  to  liim  all  that  an  af- 
fectionate daughter  could  be,  and  is  now  his 
liousekeeper.  It  may  here  be  stated,  that  Hon. 
Thomas  Tongue  of  Ilillsborough,  this  county, 
is  a  nephew  of  Mr.  Otchin.  Mr.  Otchin  has 
built  a  nice  residence  on  his  farm,  and  here  ho 
is  spending  the  evening  of  nn  active  and  useful 
life,  respected  and  beloved  by  all  who  know  hiin. 
He  is  an  intelligent  and  well-informed  mai\  is 
in  politics  a  Uepublican,  and  is  a  fair  represent- 
ative of  the  first  settlers  of  Oregon. 


fiLLIAM  O.  IIOCKEN,  a   resident  of 
Beaverton,    is   one    of    the    successful 

. ,   farmers  of  Washington  county,  Oregon. 

He  was  born  in  England,  November  2,  1840, 
son  of  William  and  Dina  (Olver)  liocken.  both 
natives  of  that  country  and  of  Knglish  ancestry. 
His  father  was  for  many  years  a  carpenter  and 


builder,  and  is  now  over  eighty  years  df  age. 
His  luotlier  died  in  her  seventy  elghtii  year. 
Mr.  Hocken  was  the  second  in  tiunr  family  of 
ten  children,  four  of  whom  are  still  living.  He 
learned  the  carpenters'  trade  in  iiis  native  lanil, 
and  at  the  agi^  of  twenty-six,  sailed  fcir  San 
Francisco,  where  lie  worked  three  yi-ais,  during 
which  time  lie  helped  to  build  the  Mcicliants' 
Exchange  and  other  prominent  buildings.  Then, 
in  1870,  he  came  to  Washington  county,  Ore- 
gon, and  purchased  Kit)  acres  of  land,  U|)()n 
which  he  labored  ino.-t  persistently  and  ellectu- 
ally  for  six  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he 
sold  out,  came  to  Heaverton,  ami  bought  sixty 
acres  of  land,  hater,  he  ])iirelia>ed  sixty  acres 
more,  going  in  debt  S2,()00  for  it.  Tiiis  he 
soon  paid  up,  and  has  since  purchased  other  land, 
being  now  the  owner  of  200  acres,  which  is 
valued  at  from  8300  to  ifSOO  poracre,  he  having 
built  a  nice  residence,  and  in  otiier  ways  im- 
proved the  property.  In  additimi  to  carrying 
on  his  farming  operations,  he  iiiis  done  a  lai'ge 
amount  of  building  all  over  this  part  of  the 
county. 

In  1870  Mr.  liocken  married  Miss  Einina 
Hicks,  a  native  of  Cornwall,  Isngland,  horn  in 
1847,  daughter  of  John  and  demifer  Hicks. 
He  returned  to  England  to  be  married  and 
brought  his  wife  to  Oregon  with  liiiii.  They 
have  had  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom 
are  living.  Emma,  the  second,  died  Noveiiilier 
5,  1873.  aged  two  years;  Annie  is  the  wif'^  of 
Henry  Pearce,  of  I'ortland.  The  others  arc  at 
home  and  areas  follows:  Nellie,  Willie,  Uobeil, 
Jennie,  Lottie,  l^'rankie.  Carrie,  I'ertie  and 
Ethel. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hocken  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Church  at  lieaverton,  of  uliicli  he 
is  one  of  the  stewards.  He  donated  the  church 
site  and  helpeu  to  build  tluMr  house  of  wmsliip. 
and  has  also  interested  himself  in  the  general 
growth  and  development  of  the  town.  For  u 
number  of  years  he  has  served  as  School  Direc- 
tor. I'ntil  recently  ht<  was  a  liepiiblican,  but 
now  affiliates  with  the  I'roliibitionists  and  is  an 
earnest  and  active  teniiicranee  worker. 


•^■ifdlni^^---^^- 


iLHKRT  JEFFERSON    APPEUSON.   a 

highly  honored   Oregon  pioneer  of  1847, 

and  one  of  McMilinvillc's  most  jiroiniiKMit 

lnercllant^,  was  horn  in  Newtun,  Missouri,  Sep- 


ilO'J 


ntsTony  of  ouHmtit. 


tc'iiilicr  17.  183'J,  mid  whs  tlie  sixtli  <'liil(l  i>f  a 
fdiiiily  (if  ten.  llih  fiitliur,  .Mr.  Heverly  .Vpiwr- 
8(pri,()f  KtMitucky,  ilii'il  nt(iri'eii  river  of  rridimt- 
iiiii  fever  wliile  (in  tlie  liiiziinloiis  jonriiev 
iieross  the  [iliiins.  For  a  morecoriiplcte  iiceimnt 
of  liin  fiitlii'r  and  family,  see  in  this  voiiinic  a 
liiKtory  of  Captain  J.  T.  Apperson,  an  older  nieni- 
bcr  of  the  family.  It  is  most  liarrowinjf  to  im- 
agine the  condition  of  the  family  r  the  loss 
of  the  lieiid  and  snpporter  alone  lIic  bleak 
prairies.  Tlu?  oldest  son  was  tin  ut  eleven 
years  of  age,  and  the  snbjoet  of  onr  sketch  was 
then  in  liis  eighth  year.  However,  these  two 
hoys  drove  the  oxen,  while  the  older  sisters 
drove  the  stock,  and  thus  they  proceeded  on 
tludr  way,  fording  rivers  and  climiiing  mount- 
ains until  they  reached  the  land  of  promise,  in 
which,  after  experiencing  so  many  hardships, 
they  were  to  achieve  such  eminence. 

On  arriving  at  Oregon  City  they  took  a  farm 
on  the  (Jolumbia  bottom,  whert-  tliey  remained 
but  for  a  short  time.  Their  cousin,  Milton  .\p- 
persoii,  had  preceded  them  a  year,  and  had  ])iir- 
clia.sed  the  tannery  at  West  I'ortland.  Thence 
the  mother  and  children  removed,  where  they 
worked  for  their  living  for  the  following  two 
years  until  184-9,  when  the  cousin  soW  the 
tannery.  Then  the  cousin,  our  subject's  older 
brother,  went  to  the  mines  in  California,  and  the 
mother  moved,  with  the  rest  of  the  children, 
into  I'ortland,  where  onr  subject  attended  the 
first  schools  ever  taught  in  that  city.  The 
mother  resided  in  the  metropolis  until  1851, 
supporting  herself  and  family  by  keeping 
boarders,  and  tinally  married  Mr.  Robert  Moore. 
After  marriage  they  removed  to  Linn  City, 
where  she  died  in  1858. 

Mr.  Apperson  was  in  the  Indian  war  of 
1885-'56.  It  was  a  "running"  tight,  as  the 
Indians  would  not  stand  their  groutid  and  fight, 
but  constantly  ran  from  the  enemy,  but  the  su- 
perior intelligence  and  experience  of  thi^  white 
men  soon  van(]nishe(l  "  jjoor  Lo,"' and  the  war 
was  terminated. 

lie  then  went  to  the  Kraser  river  during  the 
gold  excit(>ment  in  that  vicinity,  and  remained 
there  until  the  fall  of  1859.  He  then  returned 
to  Oregon  City,  where  he  was  engaged  as  clerk 
on  the  steamer  Clinton.  lie  continued  in 
this  capacity  until  1801,  when  the  boat  was 
burned.  .Vfter  this  he  spent  a  season  at  the 
Orophani.  mines,  where  he  was  (piite  successful, 
and  returned  in  the  fall;  and  his  brother.  Captain 
J.  T.,  built  the  steamer  Union,  at  a  cost  of  |1(),- 


00((,  Using  the  available  machinery  saved  from 
the  C'linton.  This  they  ran  very  successfully 
for  a  year,  making  trips  from  i'ortland  to  Day- 
ton, when  they  fimilly  sold  it  in  18f52;  then  Mr. 
Apperson.  in  connection  with  Cajitain  Miller, 
ran  it  until  186-t.  At  this  time  Mr.  Apperson 
became  interested  in  milling,  of  which  business 
he  was  a  nninager  until  June,  1883,  meet- 
ing with  gratifying  success.  When  he  com- 
menced the  managinent  of  the  business,  the 
capacity  of  the  mill  was  seventy  barrels  a  day. 
but  he  increased  it  to  550  barrels.' 

In  1884  he  came  to  McMinnville,  where  he 
purchased  an  interest  in  the  store  of  Mr.  15.  F. 
Ilartman,  and  after  a  year  he  purchased  the 
whole  of  .Mr.  Ilartman's  interest,  and  has  con- 
tinued in  that  business  ever  since.  Under  his 
able  management  it  has  becoine  the  largest  re- 
tail general  merchandise  establishment  west  of 
the  Willamette  outside  of  Portland.  These  sev- 
eral instances  of  successful  management  staiu]) 
the  man  as  possessing  superior  executive  and 
financial  ability,  (iiialities  sutfieient  to  insure 
the  success  of  any  one.  It  is  to  him  and  other 
such  men  that  McMinnville  owes  her  present 
proud  position  among  the  sister  cities  of  Oi'e- 
gon.  He  has  made  her  interest  his  own,  and 
battled  in  her  cause  as  no  knight  of  old  ever 
fought  for  lady  love.  His  store  occupies  the 
entire  first  story  of  the  Masonic  iilock,  at  the 
corner  of  Th''rd  and  B  streets,  in  that  part  of  the 
city  which  he  was  instrumental  in  upbuilding. 
H  is  establishment  has  a  plate-glass  front  of  large 
dimensions,  while  the  stock  and  fittings  and 
whole  appearance  in  every  minutia  are  of  the 
most  modern  and  metroj)olitan  kind.  His  pat- 
ronage is  not  confined  to  the  city  alone,  but  ex- 
tends in  every  direction,  for  fifty  miles  or  more. 
His  business  methods  are  liberal,  to  which  are 
maiidy  due  the  confidence  and  the  good-will  of 
the  people,  and  which  has  succeeded  in  retain- 
ing his  old  customers,  while  at  the  same  time 
constantly  securing  new  ones.  Besides  his  in- 
terests in  McMinnville,  has  has  also  contributed 
to  the  growth  of  Oregon  City,  whire  he  aided 
in  the  organization  of,  and  took  a  small  amount 
of  stock  in,  the  large  woolen  factory  of  that  city, 
which  establishment  has  given  a  wonderful  im- 
petus to  her  growth  and  prosperity.  Of  late, 
however,  his  interests  have  been  mainly  confined 
to  McMinnville,  where  he  became  a  stockholder 
and  an  organizer  of  the  McMinnville  iS'ational 
Bank.  At  the  time  of  its  organization  he  was 
elected  a  director,  which  position  he  still  holds, 


BISTOlir    OF    OREOOX. 


contrilmting  l>y  his  iiliility  and  ivputHtion  for 
iiitt'frrity,  in  a  large  inoaHure,  to  its  ])rertcnt 
status  of  prosperity.  I^esidcs  these  varioim 
enterprises,  due  in  a  larj^c  measure  to  his  en- 
ergy, he  has  been  instrunicntal  in  establishing 
tlic  large  creamery  and  cold  storage  company, 
which  is  expected  to  prove  of  very  great  benefit 
to  the  surrounding  country. 

In  November,  1865,  Mr.  Appecson  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  E.  A.  Cook,  a  native  of  ('oldwater, 
Michigan,  and  of  New  Englaixl  parentage.  They 
have  liad  five  children,  all  native  sons  and 
daughters  of  Oregon.  The  eldtst  son,  .Vlbort 
Beverly,  is  now  an  eflicient  business  man  and 
an  assistant  manager  in  his  father's  store;  while 
Edwin  Clyde  is  cashier  of  McMinnville  Na- 
tional Hank;  the  daughters.  Myrtle  M.,  Elvie 
E.  and  Lydia  L.,  are  intelligent  ami  prominent 
members  of  McMinnville's  best  society. 

Mr.  Apperson  is  politically  a  Republican, 
and  although  not  an  oftice-seeker,  or  office- 
holder, takes  an  interest  in  local  politics  bo  far 
as  desiring  good  and  capable  men  for  all  posi- 
tions of  trust  in  the  gift  of  the  people. 

lie  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  has  passed  all  the  chairs  of  that  fraternity. 

Thus  has  ability  been  fostered  by  the  marvel- 
ous opportunities  of  tliis  great  commonwealth, 
and  Hkc  some  giant  of  the  forest  it  towers  aloft 
in  beauty  and  grandeur  of  strength. 


**»- 


JSAAC  M.  SIMPSON,  a  native  son  of  Ore- 
gon, and  one  of  the  most  enterprising  farm- 
ers of  Polk  coiihty,  was  born  on  his  father's 
donation  claim,  April  23,  1857.  Ilis  father, 
Isaac  M.  Simpson,  Sr.,  was  born  July  4, 1813, 
in  Georgia.  lie  ismoved  to  Arkansas,  and  on 
August  16,  1835,  married  Martha  Jackson,  a 
native  of  Tennessee,  l)orn  November  8,  181"). 
They  had  three  children  in  Arkansas,  namely: 
Amos  (}arl,  i^Iarsh  W. ;  and  Eliza,  now  Mrs.  L. 
W.  Langhbery.  The  family  started  for  Oregon 
in  1844,  wintered  in  Missouri  and  arrived  at  the 
Luokamute  on  November  20,  1845.  They  be- 
longed to  the  train  who  were  inducod  to  take 
Meek's  cut-off  route  and  suffered  much  and 
nearly  perished  with  hunger  in  the  mountains. 
They  came  directly  to  tlie  donation  claim,  in 
Polk  county,  on  the  Luokamute,  where  the 
family  have  since  resided.  Here  the  father  died 
in  1887.  in  the  seventy-second  year  of  his  life. 


lie  was  a  reliable  man,  giving  his  farm  his  entire 
attention  and  iiecoming  prominent  iis  a  stock- 
raiser  in  those  early  days. 

The  son,  Isaac  M.,  was  the  only  ciiild  iiorn  to 
this  family  in  Oregon,  and  was  rearcil  on  the 
farm,  attending  the  public  schools  and  helping 
with  the  farm  work,  lie  reniaiiiiMl  with  hi-i 
father  until  his  death.  The  father  had  been 
very  successful  and  had  ptirclmsed  other  land, 
which  he  had  given  to  the  children  who  ha<l 
crr-ssed  the  plains  with  him,  so  he  left  the  do- 
nation claim  to  the  son  who  had  been  born  on 
it.  Our  subject  now  has  400  acres  of  line  land, 
on  which  he  is  raising  grain  and  also  raises  a 
tine  grade  of  cattle  and  horses,  lie  has  been 
and  is  still  very  successfid  in  all  his  undertak- 
ings. 

In  addition  to  liis  farm  work  Mr.  Sim|ison 
owns  and  runs  a  steam-thresher,  and  heaniiMally 
threshes  for  his  neighbors,  about  t)0,()00  bushels 
of  wheat  an<l  oats.  lie  is  active  and  iMicrgetic; 
is  a  stockholder  in  the  Inile|)i'nd(Mi<',e  Natioind 
liank,  and  in  the  First  .National  ISank  of  Imlc 
pendence,  also  in  the  Polk  County  Pank  iit 
Monmouth. 

In  1883  lie  was  married  to  Miss  Tobatha 
Morrison,  native  of  lowii,  daughter  of  Mr.  IJar- 
nem  Morri;<on.  They  have  one  child.  Otto 
Gerald.  In  politics  Mr.  Simpson  is  a  !)<'mo- 
crat,  and  has  been  elected  to  the  important 
office  of  County  Cominissioner  of  Polk  county, 
and  in  that  capacity  is  giving  general  satisfac- 
tion. Ho  is  an  excellent  representative  of  ( )re- 
gon's  native  sons. 


^ft-^m^^^ 


§F.  SMITH,  one  of  the  prosperous  and 
successful  farmers  of  Polk  county,  canii" 
<»  to  Oregon  in  1840,  when  a  boy  of  si.t 
years  of  age.  He  was  born  in  Missouri,  May 
4,  1840,  and  was  the  son  of  James  Smith,  now 
deceased,  who  was  one  of  Oregon's  most  hon- 
ored pioneers  of  1840.  He  was  a  native  of 
Virginia,  born  Octobei'  18,  1802.  His  ancestry 
were  early  settlers  of  Virginia,  but  he  I'cmoved 
to  Tennessee  and  later  to  Missouri,  finally  set- 
tling in  Polk  county,  Oregon.  The  father  of 
James,  John  Smith,  married  Elizabeth  Thomas, 
by  whom  he  had  eleven  children,  of  whom 
James  was  tlio  third.  James  came  to  Missouri 
when  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  .'ige  and  mar- 
ried  in   Pike  county.   Miss   Maria  Kiel.      They 


m 


nisrouY  OK  oitKdns 


Imd  five  cliildroii,  tlircc  of  wliiini  now  reside  in 
()ii!j(<>ii,  iimiiciy:  .luiiii  II.;  Miiiorvii,  now  Mrs. 
.lolin  l-ong;  Ileiiry  Saiiniei,  who  diinl  in  his 
t'h'vciitli  yL'iir;  ntid  Miiriii,  who  itmrriod  Mr. 
Madison  Stnitii.  'I'Jie  niutitcr  died  in  18iJl  iitid 
Mr.  Smith  niarj'ied  utrain,  and  this  tiniu  his 
ciioice  fell  n|iiin  .Miss  Elizaheth  M.  Wright,  of 
Montgomery  county,  Missonri,  the  ceremony 
ocenrini^  l)ecemher  28,  1831.  They  lived  in 
Missouri  until  18-lfi,  st-veri  uhildron  heinj.;  horn 
to  them,  as  follows:  .lames  I).,  Eliza  Ann., 
Mariraret  Hlizahetii,  IJenjamin  F.,  G.  \V.,  Cor- 
delia C,  and  Elza  I).  Ill  1840  Mr.  Smith  and 
his  wife  and  children,  Mr.  John  Long  and  one 
of  Mrs.  Smith's  sisters  and  hiishand,  Henry 
Smith,  hrother  of  Mr.  Smith,  nil  sturte<l  together, 
April  27.  I84rt),  for  the  gr 'at  West.  Mr.  Smith's 
onttit  consisted  of  two  waj^ons.  with  four  yoke  of 
o.xen  to  ea<'h.  They  had  a  hard,  long  trip,  hut 
all  lived  to  see  the  promised  laiul,  althoui^h  Mrs. 
Smith  and  the  children  wore  sick  on  the  way. 
and  they  were  witli/Ut  hread  for  six  weeks,  and 
they  lost  several  Lead  of  cattle  and  horses 
on  the  prairies.  As  the  teams  hecanie  weak 
from  overexertion,  the  load  had  to  he  liirhtened 
and  Mrs.  Smith  and  Mrs.  Long  emptied 
their  three  nice  feather  heds.  and  in  the  days 
that  followed,  when  they  were  in  .their  little 
pioneer  cabins,  how  longingly  di'l  their  minds 
return  to  those  same  comfortable  heds.  They 
came  to  a  cafion  in  southern  Oregon  where  it 
was  impossihle  to  get  their  wagons  tlirough  with 
the  force  of  men  they  had.  and  they  gathered 
around  a  camp-fire  to  hold  a  council,  and  while 
in  this  council  William  Smith  died  with  heart 
disea.se,  leaving  his  wife  with  a  large  family  of 
small  children  to  finish  the  journey  as  liest  they 
could.  He  was  hurieil  in  the  timber.  The 
widow  rode  an  ox  and  carrieil  two  children. 
There  were  two  men  killed  otit  of  the  company 
hy  Indians.  On  the  trip  the  company  had 
several  tights  with  them,  and  the  Inilians  stole 
hoi'ses  and  cattle  at  ditl'ei-ent  limes,  Thi'  little 
company  arrive<l  in  I'olk  county,  Oregon,  the 
last  of  December,  llei'o  they  canipi'cl  out  on 
the  L\ickamntc,  on  New  Year's  night,  1847.  It 
niineil  hard  and  Idew  that  night  and  they  had  to 
lay  their  log  chains  on  the  tent  to  keep  it  from 
Mowing  away. 

They  cros.sed  the  Little  creek  and  lived  in  a 
little  log  hut  for  three  months,  with  ^tr.  .loe 
(ieorj^e.  After  this  they  purchased  the  right  to 
the  donation  of  Mr.  John  White,  who  had  t^ken 
it.      It   was  only  574  acres  instead  of  the  ()40 


they  thought  they  had,  hut  as  others  had  taken 
u|)  the  land  all  around  theirs  they  could  say 
nothing.  A  part  of  this  orij;inal  claim  is  still 
in  the  family.  ThnM-  children  were  horn  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith,  in  Oregon,  luiinely:  Fran- 
cis Marion,  who  resides  on  a  portion  of  the  old 
home  j)lace,  which  he  owns;  Louisa  Evaliiie, 
now  Mrs.  II.  (',  McTiminous;  and  Rachel  II., 
who  now  resides  at  the  honu)  farm  with  her 
rnothei'.  Mr.  Smith  and  his  wife  were  wortiiy 
nieinhers  of  the  Methodist  Church,  acting  out 
in  their  lives  the  precepts  taught  by  that  de- 
n(jminntion.  Mr.  Smith  resiiled  on  his  farm 
until  March  25,  1872,  when  his  death  occurred. 
His  widow  still  survives  him,  now  in  iier 
eightieth  year.  She  is  a  tine  specimen  of  the 
bravo  Oregon  women  of  184(5,  and  she  enjoys 
the  love  of  her  children  and  the  high  esteem  of 
a  wide  circle  of  the  early  settlers  of  ( )regon. 

The  son,  I'.  F.  Smith,  whoso  nnmo  heads  this 
sketch  was  reared  on  his  father's  donation  eluiin. 
atten<ling  school  in  the  district  and  at  Dallas. 
Here  he  remained  until  he  became  of  age,  and 
in  18t)2  went  to  the  Florence  mines,  remaining 
one  summer  and  the  ne.xt  going  to  the  mines  in 
Hritish  Columbia.  In  1804  lie  returned  to 
Oregon  and  went  to  the  Owyhee  mines  in  tliis 
State.  While  in  the  mines  lie  was  engaged  in 
mining,  packing  and  teaming,  in  which  business 
he  made  some  money.  In  1M04,  tiring  of  the 
excitement  of  mining,  he  sold  out  and  retired. 
He  bought  240  acres  of  land,  where  he  now  re- 
sides, with  his  money,  and  never  was  money 
better  invested,  as  it  now  is  one  of  the  Knest 
fai'ins  in  the  county,  with  its  neat  farm  build- 
ings and  all  appliances  of  an  atHuent  farnmr. 
He  has  added  to  his  original  purchase  some  204 
acres  and  has  eighty  acres  of  timber  land.  He 
was  Postmaster  at  Lewisville  thi'ec  years,  and 
was  aj)poiuted  i)y  (iovernor  Moody  on  the  Ag- 
ricultural Hoard  for  three  years. 

In  addition  to  his  other  ventures  Mr.  Smitli 
has  been  four  years  in  the  mercantile  business, 
at  Lewisville,  in  which  business  he  met  with 
fair  success,  but  was  burned  out.  He  then  re- 
turned to  liis  farm,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  men  in  the  community. 

Mr.  Smith  was  married  October  0,  1804,  to 
Miss  Uachel  M.  Burns,  who  was  born  in  Illi- 
nois, but  came  to  Oregon  in  1848,  with  her 
father,  William  IJurns.  ^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Smith 
have  three  children:  Laura  S.,  died  in  1870; 
William    Wriglit  and   Mary  Elizabeth,  both  at 


itisroiir  OF  oHEiinfi. 


MB 


lioiiic  witli  tlit'ii'  ])nrciit:«.  Mr.  Siiiitli  itiul  liis 
wile  lire  diartcr  ml•lrllle^^  of  tlic  (iniiii^c,  which 
WHS  oi'i^tiiiizt't!  ill  IH7IJ.  Tiiif  order  has  ii  lino 
hull,  tirsf,  iiiiiit  in  1S71  himI  whs  imnieil  in  ISh7 
mill  I'clniiit  ill  isiiO,  wliich  Mr.  Smith  iiidod 
very  maferiiiliy  to  Imilil.  Ho  it<  iiHtnmf;  Demo- 
(■rut  ill  pdlitii's  niiil  no  niio  ie  ^pokoll  nF  in  iiiiy 
hi^hur  tonus  ol'  rospoct  ihiiii  this  iioblo  adoptecl 
son  of  the  soil.  !!.  1*.  Smith. 


[1IJ,I.\M  P.  CONNAW.VY,  a  pmnii- 
lU'iit  liiisinees  mnii  and  luiiikor  of  In- 
dopcndoiico.  Orej^oii,  was  born  in  Mis- 
souri, May  3,  1850.  His  people  wore  oarly 
settlors  ol  Virginia  and  tlioy  claiirod  Sootcli 
aiu'ostry.  His  father,  Doiiiiis  II.  Ooniiaway, 
was  lior'r  in  Virginia  in  1819.  lit'  was  a  school 
teacher  liy  profession  and  removed  to  Illinois, 
where  lie  married  liebccca  Tatoiii,  a  native  of 
Illinois,  anil  they  had  throe  ehildron.  He  was 
a  fanner  in  Missouri  and  liolil  tlii^  ottico  of 
County  Surveyor,  and  for  twelve  years  was 
County  Clerk.  Jlis  wife  died  in  1851  and  ho 
married  a  second  time,  this  wife  becoming  the 
mother  of  tivi- cliildroii.  When  the  irreat  civil 
war  burst  upon  the  country,  ho  espoused  the 
side  le  Union,  and  volmiteered  to  aid  in  put- 
ting down  the  KohoUion.  His  oldest  son  also 
voliintoerod,  and  during  the  great  struggles  to 
]ier|iotiiato  the  I'liitod  States  of  America,  they 
risked  their  lives  to  save  their  country.  Hotli 
made  a  good  record  and  eaiiio  out  of  the  war 
alive.     The  father  died  in  ISS'.I. 

As  has  been  seen  AV^illiaiii  1'.  Connawdy  lost 
his  mother  when  ho  was  only  a  year  old.  He 
was  reared  in  Missouri  and  educated  at  the  iiiii- 
vorsity  of  that  State,  and  was  in  luisinoss  there 
for  a  ,  short  time.  In  ls7o,  wlioii  twenty-five 
years  of  age,  he  took  the  advice  of  Horace  C4ree- 
lov,  and  "  came  West  to  grow  up  with  the 
country."  \U>  came  to  liidopendence  and  was 
engaged  in  the  warehoiiso  business,  and  then 
went  to  Oregon  City  and  became  Secretary  of 
the  Willamette  Falls  Canal  and  Locks  Commis- 
sion, and  later  he  went  to  Harrisburg  and  ac- 
cepted a  |)ositioii  as  bookkeeper,  where  he 
remained  two  years.  He  then  returned  to  In- 
dependence and  engaged  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness, also  in  the  buying  and  shipping  of  grain, 
in  wliieli  he  met  with  satisfactory  success.  In 
1889  ho  became  one  of  the  organizers  and  stock- 


holders of  the  liiilc|ienileneu  National  Hank  and 
was  elected  cashier,  wliicli  position  ho  has  since 
coiitinneil  to  hold.  In  IHUO  was  built  the  lino 
bank  building  on  the  corner  of  .Main  and  Mon- 
mouth streets.  it  is  the  finest  brick  edilico  in 
the  city,  of  substantial  importance  to  the  town 
and  a  credit  to  the  iiidginont  and  enterprise  of 
it>  liiiilders.  Mr.  Connaway  has  interested  him 
self  in  and  takiMi  hold  of  the  luisinoss  en(orpi-ises 
ealeiilated  to  helii  lii>  town.  He  is  miu  of  the 
builders  and  owners  of  the  motor  road,  which 
connects  Iiulepiuidonce  with  Monmouth.  He  is 
secretary  of  the  company  and  is  interested  in  the 
lands  connected  with  it.  In  tliis  enterprise  live 
or  six  of  the  men  of  brains  and  business  ability 
of  Indepeiidenco  are  engaged,  and  it  is  one  of 
the  most  important  ventures  of  tiiis  section,  and 
must  result  in  making  the  two  cities  one.  and 
building  ii|)  all  >ho  valiiiiiilo  property  between 
them.  Much  credit  is  due  the  gentlemen  who 
have  conceived  the  idea  and  so  far  liooii  success- 
ful in  the  coiisnnii'iatioii  of  their  plans. 

Mr.  Connaway  was  married,  in  187'.',  to  Miss 
.Mice  Wells,  a  native  of  Missouri,  daughter  of 
William  Weils.  They  ha\e  a  daughter,  Lillian, 
born  ill  Iiiilc|)onileiico.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Conna- 
way are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Cliurcli, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  same.  \U\ 
has  interested  himself  in  the  educational  olTorts 
of  the  town,  and  was  CJlmirmaii  of  the  IJoard  of 
Trustees  of  the  district,  when  they  liiiilt  the  tine 
#20,000  schoolbonso  in  18'.t(»,  a  building  which 
roHoets  inucli'croilit  on  all  conceriiod.  Several 
times  he  has  been  on  the  Couiici',  and  was 
elected  Mayor  in  iX'.tJ.  He  is  a  Uepiiblican  and 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraloniity, 
and  was  for  seven  years  Master  of  his  lodge.  He 
is  both  a  Uoyal  Arch  and  Knight  Templar,  and 
also  a  Pa»t  Slaster  of  the  A.  ().  V.  W.  Thus  it 
can  bo  seen  that  this  geiitteman  is  an  all  roiiml 
active,  etlicieiit  factor  in  the  affairs  of  the  coiii- 
niunity  of  which  lie  is  an  honored  inemlier.  It 
is  the  character  and  push  of  the  citizens  that 
make  the  town,  a':il  happy  is  the  place  which 
|)ossesses  such  business  luon  as  does  Indepeiid- 
etiee. 


|B|EV.  ELI5EIIT  N.  CoNDIT.  A.  M..  presi- 
fwr  dent  of  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institute, 
*v^  was  born  at  Stillwater,  Sussex  county.  New 
.lersoy,  in  May.  1840.  His  paternal  ancestors 
were  of    English   birtli.     They  settled   in   New 


i* 


i 


OM 


UimVltY    OF   iiHKdON. 


I 


.IiTHcy  iilioiil  KiOO.  mill  tln-ir  dcrtcciuliiiitK  lmvi« 
lii'i'ii  c|i>tiii^iiis|itM|  ill  law,  iiii'iliiuiif  uikI  tlu- 
clniruli,  (It  tilt'  |iri!Miiit  tiiiii!  tliiim  licinjj  tin; 
liiiiiu'H  III'  t*i\t('tiii  MiiiiiHtt'i's  rrmii  tliix  ruiiiily  on 
till!  roll  of  till'  I'ri'sliytoriaii  ('liiiri'li.  Tlie  iim- 
tt'iiml  iiiicubtoi'rt  of  our  .■•iilijwt  wci'o  of  (iuriimii 
birth,  were  iiIho  ainoiij;  tlio  early  iminigrHiits  of 
Ncnv  ilerrtoy,  am)  likowimt  afToriluil  many  onii- 
iii'iit  I'lfrf^yiiien.  IJuv.  'I'lianinl  H.  unii  ifuiit'cca 
(tSrliat'er)  Cniiilit,  lli^  parunts,  wuro  born  in  New 
flcrnoy.  After  tlii'ir  iiiarriago  tliuy  Hi'ttU'il  at 
IStillwatiT,  wiit'ri'  Mr.  Coiiilit  was  [mstor  of  tiin 
rri'Hbytorian  (Jliiircli  fur  forty  four  years,  re- 
tiriiif{  tlioii  at  tlio  iTi|U('8t  of  his  family.  lie 
jiassfil  to  his  mi'ilastinj^  rfwunl  in  1888,  aged 
eighty-four  years,  iiis  good  wife  joiiiin;}  him  on 
the  other  >horo  in  1890,  she  being  seventy-six 
YiMtrs  olil  at  the  time  of  her  death. 

KIbert  .\.  was  I'lliicateil  at  I'rinceton  College, 
grailnatiiig  in  187ii.  lie  then  organized  a  lire- 
jiaratory  school  at  Kast  Millstone,  New  .lersev, 
and  after  leaehitig  one  year  entered  the  'I'lieo- 
logical  Seminary  ut  I'riiieetun,  and  graduated  at 
that  iiiHtitntioii  in  18T7.  lie  was  at  onee  or- 
dained as  minister,  and  sent  to  ( )regon,  arrivinir 
hert>  in  'Innc  of  the  same  year.  He  then  paRstd 
six  months  in  traveling  through  Oregon,  Wash- 
ington and  Idaho,  |ireHching  and  organi/.ing 
Work  for  the  Presbyterian  Hoard  of  Homo 
Missions.  He  was  then  located  at  .Vstoria, 
where  he  sjieiit  eighteen  months,  and  built  ii|) 
the  church  from  nineteen  to  fifty-three  niein- 
bers,  leaving  it  in  an  active  i;ondition. 

Heing  oflered  the  presidency  of  the  Albany 
Collegiate  Institute  at  this  time,  he  made  a  trip 
East  and  brought  out  his  brother  and  two  sisters 
to  aid  him  in  building  up  the  institutioti.  For 
a  period  of  two  years  he  also  filled  the  pastorate 
of  the  I'resbyterian  Church  of  .\lbany.  resign- 
ing in  order  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  the 
college  work.  On  account  of  internal  trouble, 
he  resigned  his  presidency  in  1885,  and  taught 
one  year.  The  following  year  he  preached  at 
J'leasant  (irove,  Marion  county.  In  1887  he 
returned  to  the  institute  as  its  president,  and 
has  cuntinued  in  that  otiice  up  to  the  present 
time. 

Prof.  Coiidit  was  married  in  .\lbany,  in  July, 
1881,  to  Miss  Jennie  Clark,  a  native  of  Oregon 
and  a  daughter  of  David  G.  Clark,  a  pioneer  of 
the  early  ''"'Os.  They  have  two  children,  Anna 
M.  and   Elbert  C. 

The  Albany  Collegiate  Institute  was  founded 
by   the    J'resbytery   of  Oregon,    in   the   fall  ol 


1866.  Seven  acres  of  land  within  the  limits  of 
the  city  of  .VIbany  were  donated  by  Thomas 
Monteith  and  wife,  and  ^tops  were  immediately 
taken  for  the  erection  id'  a  building  Buital)l»'  for 
the  work.  In  the  fall  of  JStiT  the  institution 
was  formally  ojiened  under  the  presidency  of 
Kev.  William  .1.  Monteith.  A  two-story  build- 
ing, 5().\(i(l  feet,  had  Urn  completed  at  a  co»t 
(d'  about  IS8,()()0.  Since  then  the  building  has 
la^eri  im|ii'oved  by  additional  sdioolrooms,  two 
well  eijuipped  gymnasium  roonie,  and  the  most 
modern  sanitary  iin|irovementB,  at  an  additional 
cost  of  about  #t;,()()0.  In  the  summer  of  18U2 
a  two-story  addition,  50  .\  100  feet,  was  erected, 
at  an  expense  of  #15,000,  with  spacious  halls, 
easy  stairways,  furnace  and  electric  fittings, 
making  the  building  one  of  tlio  most  complete 
in  the  State.  The  original  departments  of  study 
Were  primary,  normal  n  collegiate.  In  1881) 
Prof.  (,'Oiidit  inaugiii  ed  a  businest.  course, 
wliicii  has  become  a  very  helpful  part  of  the 
work.  The  institution  is  under  the  aiisiiices  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  and  the  Synod  of  Ore- 
gon. I'nder  the  able  management  of  President 
Condit  the  enrolled  list  of  pupils  has  increased 
from  100  to  200,  this  being  a  strong  evidence 
of  his  wisdom  as  an  i.ietiuctor  and  his  judg- 
ment  in  sectiring  a  faculty  eminently  fitted  for 
the  positions  they  have  been  called  to  occujiy. 
The  Synod  is  uneipiivocal  in  its  praise  ol  Prof. 
(Joiidit's  etticient  management,  and  congratu- 
lates itself  on  having  secured  such  a  thorough 
and  successful  educator  to  stand  at  the  head  of 
this  institution. 

lELIAM  II.  MITCHELL,  president  of 
the  Mitchell,  Lewis  &  Staver  Company, 
of  Portland  and  the  Northwest,  was 
born  in  ("liicago,  Illinois,  November  li],  1834. 
His  father  and  mother,  Henry  and  Margaret 
(Mitchell)  Mitchell,  were  natives  of  Scotland, 
where  they  were  married  and  emigrated  to 
America  in  1832.  Locating  in  Chicago,  Mr. 
Mitchell,  a  wagon-maker  and  wheelwright  by 
trade,  opened  a  small  factory  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  such  wagons  as  the  country 
required.  In  1848  they  removed  to  Kenosha,  Wis- 
consin, and  with  increased  facilities  conducted 
a  more  extensive  business,  until  1855,  when  he 
removed  to  Racine,  Wisconsin,  and  organized  the 
firai  of  Mitchell,  Lewis  &  Company,  and  founded 


IlItiTOHY    I  IF    OIlKflOX. 


DOT 


(•oiiiity  as 
Slicriti    ill 


tliii  prcHCiit  vory  uxtotiAivt*  liiuiiioitit,  (Miiiiloyiii^ 
Uli  iivcnigi'  t'oi'ct*  (if  liod  Mit'ii,  witli  II  Miaiiiiriiut- 
iiriiig  |iowt'r  of  loo  fiirm  uml  H|ii-in(^  \Mi),;(mn  per 
(lay.  Afr.  ami  Mrn.  Mitc-licll  iii-(«  still  living  at 
Uiu'iiiu,  having  ci^ltibratiMl  tiit<  Rixticth  aiinivur- 
HRry  ot'  tliuir  iiiHrrianc  . I  line,  IHO'J.  Tlicy  iiavo 
HJx  cliildri'ii  living,  William  11.  lii'ing  tin'  Bccond 
cliiltl.  Ilo  wiiK  <>tliicatt'(l  at  tlio  hi-IiooIs  of  Kc- 
iiiiHlia,  anil  atttMidcil  tliu  iiKluit  rnivcritity  until 
lS5St,  when  lie  jiiineil  the  tide  of  eini^ratimi 
t'owiii>{  westward  and,  with  IiIm  ox  team, 
iTDHKcd  the  jilaiiis,  and  after  eij^ht  months  uf 
:ravel  landed  at  Olyinpia,  'riiiii'Hton  county,  tlicii 
Washington  Tei'ritory.  lie  wtaifcd  a  liakery 
'111(1  groeery  and  meat  market,  which  he  con- 
tinued until  IStiM,  when  ho  eiigiiijed  in  theinill- 
iiif^  InifineKs  at  Tiiniwater,  ojH'rating  both  grist 
and  saw  milJH  until  ISSO. 

llo  served  the  constituents  of  liin  count 
Kdiid  Overseer  in  1861.  Deputy 
18r)7-'58,  and  Comity  (Jomiiiiwsioner  in  1871. 
lie  Was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature, 
and  served  in  the  Coniicil  one  term.  In  1877 
he  was  one  of  the  principal  movers  in  liuilding 
the  sixteen  miles  of  road  connecting  Olyinpia 
with  the  Northern  i'acitic  Uailruad  at  Teiiiiie, 
but  subsequently  sold  his  interest  in  that  line, 
Its  well  as  in  the  mills  of  Olyinpia.  In  1880 
he  returned  to  his  old  home  in  llaciiie,  it  being 
the  tirst  visit  in  twenty-eight  years.  At  that 
time  Mitchell,  Lewis  &  Ooinpany  arranged 
with  him  to  handle  their  trade  in  ()regon  and 
Washington.  After  becoming  well  established 
at  Portland,  he  took  up  a  line  of  buggies  and 
subseijuently  worked  into  a  general  line  of  ve- 
hicles and  iinpleinents.  The  Portland  ware- 
rooms  occn|iy  a  two-story  building,  100  x  100 
feet,  wHh  a  warehouse,  (50  x  ~()0  feet,  for  the 
storage  of  wagons,  with  branch  offices  at  Al- 
bany, La  (irande  and  Medford,  Oregon;  Lewis- 
ton,  Idaho;  .Seattle,  Colfax  and  Olyinpia,  Wash- 
ington. In  his  several  lines  Mr.  Mit(diell  has 
built  np  an  extensive  business,  which  has  in- 
creaKed  in  annual  sales  from  #-t,00()  to  upward 
of  !^:2oO,000  per  year.  February  1,  1M!)2,  the 
Mitchell- Lexis  Company  consolidated  with 
Staver  &  Walker,  and  organized  the  Mitchell, 
Lewis  &  Staver  Company,  which  was  incorpor- 
ated under  the  laws  of  Oregon,  with  a  paid-up 
capital  stock  of  |35O,OO0,  William  11.  Mitchell 
being  elected  president  and  G.  W.  Staver  vice- 
jiresideiit  and  treasurer.  .Staver  &  Walker 
liKve  been  ])ri.minent  dealers  of  Portland  in  i„rm 
machinery   and    vehicles  for  some  years,  wiili 


branch  houses  throOfthont  the  States  of  Oregon, 

Idaho,  Wiishiiigton  and  lirilisli  Cnliiiiibla. 

.Mr.  .Mitchell  married  .Mi.-s  .Miirtha  T.  .lohiis 
at  Olynijiia  in  185!).  She  was  a  native  of  Ten- 
nessee. They  have  four  children:  Prank  W., 
Harry  W.,  Albert  I!,  and  Cora  Ivlitli.  TheHons 
are  all  engaged  with  Mr.  Mitchell  in  business, 
Prank  W.  being  assistant  secretary.  The  fam- 
ily reside  on  Iloliaday  avenue  and  Ninth  street, 
where  .Mr.  .Mitchell  has  just  built  a  very  cdo- 
gant  home.  Ilo  also  has  large  property  inter- 
ests at  ()lyin|iia  and  vicinity,  lie  is  a  member 
of  the  A.  O.  P.  W.,  and  is  a  Deacon  of  the 
Kmaniiel  liaptist  Church  of  South  Portlaml. 

tA.  IKXiPK,  one  of  the  reprosentativo 
men  of  Portland,  was  born  in  Princeton, 
<»  (-fibson  county,  Indiana,  .Inly,  1882. 
His  father,  James  P.  ll(i;^ue,  was  from  Tennes- 
see and  emigrated  to  Indimia  in  18tJ7,  and  was 
there  married  to  Miss  Sarah  M.  Finney,  of  Ken- 
tucky. Mr.  llogiie  followed  his  trade  of  car- 
penter until  1835,  when  he  remnved  to  Mon- 
mouth, Illinois,  where  he  engagtid  in  building, 
real  estate  and  the  mercantilo  business.  In 
1844  he  removed  to  McDonoiigh  county,  Illi- 
nois, and  then  followed  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing until  1853,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  The  trip  was  iiiaile  with  horses,  and 
tli(«y  made  what  was  a  short  trip  for  those  days. 
Covering  the  distance  in  four  months.  Tlu>y 
then  located  a  claim  of  320  acres  in  Linn  coun- 
ty, ten  miles  south  of  Albany,  and  there  fanned 
until  the  death  of  Mr.  llogiie  in  1871.  His 
widow  is  still  living  at  the  city  of  .\lbaiiy, 
within  ten  miles  of  the  old  homestead,  at  the 
age  of  eighty- two. 

11.  A.  llogue  lived  at  home  until  the  age  of 
sixteen,  improving  the  jirivilege  of  the  di-trict 
school,  but  more  devoted  to  the  inleresls  of  the 
farm.  Study  was  not  eiijoyecl,  and,  although 
his  father  desired  him  to  tnke  a  college  course, 
he  preferred  business  and  self  8Upp(jrt ;  so  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  his  father  ei|uip|)ed  him  with  a 
few  necessary  things  and  a  foiir-liorse  team,  and 
ill  the  sprintr  of  1850  he  struck  across  the 
jilaiiis  for  California.  There  were  eight  teams 
in  the  train  and  twenty-four  men,  all  bent  for 
the  gold  mines  of  California,  .lust  three 
iiioiiths  from  date  of  departure  they  landed  at 
Weaverville.     Their  trip  was  uneventful,  except 


908 


HISTOHY    OF    OltBOON. 


i 


:.| 


'I 


.11 


\h 


ill  flio  Ilmiilidlilt  valley,  wliere  tlioy  lost  about 
lialt'  their  lioivcs  fnnn  tlin  effect  of  the  alkali 
water.  They  iiiiiu'il  for  a  sli  irt  time  at  Weaver- 
ville,  l)iit  iiiiii<iiiii;  no  ••strikes'"  tliey  proceeded 
to  Sacrairieiito,  where  the  company  i)roke  up. 
Ml'.  Ilof^ue  then  followed  ininiii^r,  ranching, 
pai'kiiii,'  iird  trading  in  cattle  until  September, 
ISTjl,  when,  witli  hin  pack  train,  he  drove  from 
Vreka  to  Fivnch  i'rairie,  Oregon,  for  a  load  of 
apples,  and  abo  made  one  tri])  with  tlour;  then 
retiirninj^  to  I, inn  county,  he  passed  the  winter 
and  s|)ring  of  \H^'i,  sold  his  pack  train  and 
traded  in  cattle,  driving  to  ^'reka  and  Scotch 
valley.  In  October,  1852,  lie  opened  a  store  at 
Hnrlinj^ton,  Linn  county,  in  partnership  with 
W.  M.  Powers.  The  followiiiir  winter  was 
v<>ry  Severe,  and  with  the  large  emigration 
wheat  increased  to  $5  per  bushel,  flour  to  $25 
per  barrel,  and  other  things  in  jiroportion;  and 
with  little  money  in  the  country;  iroods  were 
sold  (jii  credit,  which  exhausted  liotli  the  tiiian- 
ciers  I'.nd  the  stock  of  the  firm.  In  the  spring 
they  closed  out,  ••dead  broke,"  Mr.  llogue  tak- 
ing np  peddling  to  pay  liis  debts,  and  with  the 
ai'rival  of  his  father,  in  the  fall  of  1833,  he  gave 
him  the  balance  of  his  stock,  and  taking  up  a 
claim  of  UK)  acres  adjoining  his  father,  he 
iiassed  the  winter  upon  the  farm,  digging 
ditches,  making  sod  fences  and  hauling  wood, 
i'lefore  leaving  the  East  dames  P.  Ilogne 
shipped  by  sailing  vessel  "around  the  Horn"'  a 
threshing  inacliine  and  reaper,  which  arrived  in 
the  spring  of  185  f,  with  $800  charges  for 
freight.  William  Alliiigham  paid  the  cliarges 
and  accepted  one-half  interest  in  the  jilant,  and 
together  they  opera'^^d  the  machine  through  the 
grain  <listricts  of  IJnn,  Marion  and  Polk  coun- 
ties, with  great  siicess,  charging  six  cents  per 
bushel  for  threshing  oats  and  ten  cents  for 
threshing  wheat.  With  the  iireaking  out  of 
the  Indian  war  in  the  fall  of  1855,  Mr.  Ilogue 
enlisted  in  Com|iaiiy  II.  Oregon  Mounted  Cav- 
alry, under  Colonel  J.  W.  Nesmith.  Proceed- 
ing to  eastern  Oregon,  they  had  an  eng.igement 
on  the  Walla  Walla  river,  which  lasted  four 
days.  They  captured  the  celebrated  chief,  Peu- 
Peu  Mo.\-Mox,  who  was  killed  in  camp  while 
attemjiting  to  escape.  Our  subject  was  chiefly 
engaged  as  Quartermaster-Sergeant  and  cap- 
tain's clerk,  and  returned  to  Salem  in  February, 
185(j.  in  the  (iuarterma8ter"s  Department  as 
stockmaster  of  the  Snuthern  district,  and  there 
reinaineil  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Mr.  Ilogue 
then  engaged  in  driving  cattle  to  Chico,  Sacra- 


mento, and  later  to  the  Fraser  river  iii'iies. 
In  December,  1858,  he  came  to  Portland  and 
bought  ail  interest  in  the  "Love  eawmill,"  ' 
with  W.  P.  .Vlirams  and  J.  S.  Hawkins,  and 
has  since  been  connected  with  lumbering  inter- 
ests. Abrams  &  Ilogue  purchased  the  Haw- 
kins interest  in  1859,  and  continued  together 
until  the  death  of  Mr.  Abrams  in  1873.  In 
the  fall  of  1861  they  became  connected  with  the 
mills  in  eastern  Oregon,  with  a  large  sasji  and 
door  manufactory  at  the  Dalles,  untd  1867,  and 
in  Idaho  in  a  steamboat  enterprise  until  1869, 
when  they  returned  to  the  />alles,  and  Mr. 
Ilogue  was  commissioned  superintendent  of 
construction  of  tlio  United  States  mint  build- 
ing; but  after  using  up"  the  appropriation  of 
$110,000  the  work  was  stopped  and  was  never 
continued.  In  February,  1871,  he  returned  to 
Portland,  and  with  Mr.  Abrams  purchased  tlib 
east  side  mill,  where  Mr.  Abrams  met  with  an 
accident  which  resulted  in  his  death.  Mr. 
Ilogne  subsequently  purchased  the  interest  of 
the  estate,  and  continued  the  mill  until  1887, 
when  he  rebuilt  and  with  improved  machinery 
increased  his  capacity  to  50,000  feet  of  lumber 
per  day,  of  ten  liours,  which  he  has  maintained 
summer  and  winter,  with  a  market  to  consume 
the  supply.  In  1880  he  purchased  an  interest 
in  the  Ahernethv  mills  at  Oah  Point,  Washing- 
ton, with  a  similar  capacity,  the  product  being 
shij)ped  to  coast  jwrts.  In  18o7  Mr.  Iloguo 
secured  the  franchise  and  installed  the  tirst 
electric  light  plant  in  East  Portland,  which  ho 
continued  four  years,  then  sold  to  the  Albina 
Light  &  Water  C  irapany,  of  whicli  he  is  now  a 
stockholder.  He  was  one  of  the  organ'zers  of 
the  Transcontinental  Street  Car  liailroad,  on 
Third  and  Ninth  streets,  of  the  Portland  Tele- 

fhone  Company,  ^iresident  of  the  Willamette 
ron  Bridge  Co.  and  among  the  tirst  stockliold- 
ers,  also  of  Madison  street  bridge,  stockholder 
and  director  of  Multnomah  Stave  and  Barrel 
Factory  on  the  east  side;  stockholder  of  the 
Dalles  National  Bank,  director  and  president 
of  the  Union  Jianking  ('ompany.  stockholder 
in  the  Portland  National  Bank,  Portland  Smelt- 
ing Company,  Portland  Hotel,  and  many  other 
enterprises. 

Mr.  Ilogue  was  married  in  Portland  in  De- 
cember, 1860,  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Abrams,  daugh- 
ter of  W.  P.  Abrams,  who  came  to  Oregon  in 
1849.  They  have  two  children:  Harry  W.,  a 
practicing  lawyer  of  Portland;  and  Chester  J., 
still   at  college.     Mr.    Ilogue  still  owns  180 


's 


-■    t:t 


If!' 


:  !t>^ 


fffHT'^RV    OF   riRKOOS. 


000 


Hcros  of  the  oW  UometiteiKl  in  Linn  ronnty,  bp- 
sidps  iniicli  v-Hluftt  !(•  iiupro\0(l  j,ronerty  in  the 
eitj  of  I'oi'tlan'l.  (iv  in  a  Mt'pnlliefiii  in  poli- 
tics, and  wiw  !i  Ktruujj;  |mrli«aii  during!;  tlio  dnys 
of  tin*  reU'.IIioii.  Ill  H('».">,  wliilo  in  eustern 
()rft>;on,  hfi  was  I'iooicd  t<s  a  sjieciul  session  of 
the  State  I.egislatim!.  lit  i»  one  of  Hio  pnsi:- 
iiiy.  cnter|irisin^  mon  af  Portland,  cormidorini; 
no  duty  Joo  ni-uat  tli.it  advances  the  int'Tests  of 
his  adopU/tl  city. 

^^.^^..f-« — 

A,  WC*)I'.-  -Atuon^  tlxwti  to  whniii   it 
duo  tl>*'  advaiicoiiiont  of    Portland    i'   ' 

Ri  »  xiciniiv,  none    have    heen    more  ;. 
and  pevMit!ruij,{  tlmti  has  w  wl!o>e  nanif:  f'    . 
thi-  artiple. 

T.    A.    WiHjtl    was    born    at    Woi<iw  ..mhI,,  : 
Montijoiiit'rs   connly,  Illinois,  Man-'i    .     I"i38.   I 
The  Wood  ianiilv  ■»  of  Scotch-Iri^h  nncostry.  it»  \ 
founders  in  tlii-  ooiintry  settling  in  So\it!iCai-o- 
lina  at  ivn  eai'l\  day      Wiipii   tlif  Rf^^otnfl'>IlirJ• 
war  camt  i  lyeil  itstcif   on  the 

side  o^"  :i  ■  'led  men  iind  nie»n'' 

to  ibo  cause.  Un  one  oci-asion  the  family  farm 
wa>  mifiwl  >,y  Twit..  '.«!,'.  .tohj  »!i  ,>?  .  i1  '-  f 
geese  except  one  gander,  niiftiit  ti- 
which  thevattac-hed  something  Ponta^nlll^,'  a  lew 
iiounies,  toottlier  with  a  sliji  of  iiajiei-  on  whioh 
was  written  the  following  veive: 

"Ml.  WiKid,  your  geese  are  s<k)i1; 
But.a^  fitoulinf{  m  usiiiniler, 
W«i  li«ve  li'iuehl  y<iiir  jreei<«,  for  a  i>enuy  apiece, 
And  Ishvp  r  -ns''-  t?ii>  gHnder," 

Ilelx-'ca  (McVViliiKm-i  \V...«i   nuitW  (tf  our 
Bulijeet.  watt  a  rativool'  Kentucky  ,v.  l.>fSi<    r" 
\\'\>\\  ancenfry       Her  nnither  wat;  a  Kirkjji.-i  , 
a  direc*  deseendaot  of    Uaron    Kirkiiatrick,   of 
SeotllVnd.  the  family  seai    in  that  conntry  lieing 
at  t'loaehnrn.     The  father  nl   our  sniijecf  eini 
grated,  alioiit  1822,  to    Illinoi-,  wliere   he   pur- 
chased   1,600    acres   of    land    in    what  is  now 
MontfTtruiery   coimty.  and  founded  the  town  of 
Woodliori.ugh.      Both  navents  »it:no'.v  deceamwl. 
and  of  their  twelve  idiiidren  ipnly  ii- »- iinr\  tvH, 

The  suliject  of  onr  sketuh  was  cM'iy  taught  to 
work,  and  at  the  a;);e  of  (cn  yeari  ■  t^i^an  Kn|ier- 
intendinfT  (he  farm  ami  assist' i\jr  its  father  in 
their  store,  which  practical  experimiiv  i>rove,d  of 
great  henetit  to  the  youn;^,'  inin<l.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen,  he  struck  out  in  life  to  j<iin  the  lido  I'-f 
emigration  to  Orojjfon,  He  f»].erionced  the 
Uo.ial  vici^sitndl's  in  crossing  He  yfkk-.  and  ar 

57 


ri'-erl  in  wfelv  at  the  Dalles  after  a  triji  of  six 
•noiiths'  dunitibn.  Thence  he  went  liy  Indian 
lanue  to  Portlanil.  whore  he  landed  on  Xovem- 
l)t«r  y,  \^-h'X.  Pulling  iiro  practice  what  he  hail 
learnei''  of  llUi!'ines^  at  ii  )me,  iN[r.  VVooil  soon 
outraged  m  iiusiiipsn  oi:  his  own  account,  and 
openod'!iifii«i  fn,!t  ((land  in  Portland.  Through 
friend-  '•  ,.  i;?.~  -.'it  liushels  of  seedling 
applf  cm   8(|uiro  Elierly,  of 

Tn*l5  them  for  twenty-live 

wntK  aby  a  handsome  profit, 

a.  •  0  "to  the  bushel.   With 

»i  etired  from  business, 

lore   fruit.      He  then 

add,  in  his  wholesale 

jr  aiiout   three  years, 

of  the  time. 

•  g  excitement  in  Hri- 

Hii;  <  tMiit,i'j  :•!,  !      •  the  scene,  but  after 

etajinj;  imly  ^m   f-  irted   on    his  return. 

Tlie  Ir.dirtn  war  l!»'l  jutt      'oken   out  and  about 

fif'<^en  nfiiles  above  the  i Lilies  he  was  espied  by 

a  party  of  hogtiio  lii<)ian.-      Three  of  them  came 

toward  hiin  with  ii'iilc  !  ./i.ns,  and  it  seemed  as 

thoujih  '   fl  )ira«h»'i  ■ 

wr.Hi    hi    !)»d  h<4rii    »" 

that  liie  best  thing  to  iie 

■  'o  appear 

ii><i.  1.'  tonly  succeeded  (as 
ir  aflerwaiil  appeamd)  lU  toakiiig  the  savages 
think  ho  was  crazy,  ami  this  was  what  savi^l  his 
life,  as  the  Indians  were  afraid  to  harm  a  man 
who  was  insane.  Tims  (hey  left  him  to  go  ids 
way.  They  had  burned  the  ferry  at  that  point 
and  killed  the  ferryman  the  day  before.  From 
the  I'alles  lie  returned  in  -t.fety  to  Portland. 
Mr,  \Voo<i  Worked  for  S. ,) ,  ]\rc('ornii(!k  in  his 
.:ijV  -i'-re,  >tml,  althonidi  vi  t  only  a  lioy,  ]ii'ac- 
riifcUv  iiiftiiugtMl  tilt'  !.n^ine^■s,  making  for  lii^ 
employor  a  grea*  deiii  -.f  money.  During  his 
vacjition  in  1857.  Jie.  .viih  i:iree  friends,  made 
liw  fttcent  of  Mt.  JIo'm!.  discovering  two  lakes. 
ow;  of  Aijieli  WftB  nanied  Wood  lake.  It  is  now 
ki.  '  '   -'viHid  lake. 

I'^ri'^  the  suiiject  of  our  sketch 

I'anania  route,  for 

^e.      He  attended 

aware,  <  )hio,  one 

'lied   him   to  give 

i»-  ffturiicd  to   the  family 

'••'  .Vfter  the  tiring   upon  Smn- 

-    made  speeches  throughout  the 

^.      ■>■' <    ,  .kr-  (if  llliiioif   in  'M-lalfof  the  Union 

c.'iu-c   (Hid  t?ij41i»Leii  ooiiinaiiius  for  tlie(rovern- 


liemembering  from 

■y  old  frontiersmen, 

I  me  undiM'  such  cir- 

nfrightened,  he  made 


Stik, ! 
the 
th<' 
Veikr 


irv 


;!?f 


-I 


^ 


i 


IIISTOnr    OF    OliEGON. 


«on 


acres  of  the  old  liomestoad  in  Linn  county,  bo- 
sides  much  valuable  improved  |)roperty  in  the 
city  of  Portland,  lie  is  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics, a.id  was  a  strong  partisan  during  the  days 
of  the  rebellion.  In  I860,  while  in  eastern 
Oregon,  he  was  elected  to  a  special  session  of 
the  State  Legislature,  lie  is  one  of  the  push- 
ing, enterjirising  men  of  Portland,  considering 
no  duty  too  great  that  advances  the  interests  of 
his  adopted  city. 

A.  WOOD. — Among  those  to  whom  is 
du(^  the  advancement  of  Portland  and 
*  vicinity,  none  have  l)een  more  active 
and  persevering  than  has  he  whose  name  heads 
this  article. 

T.  A.  Wood  was  I'orn  at  Woodboroujih, 
Montgomery  county.  Illinois,  March  1,  1S38. 
The  Wood  i'amilv  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  its 
founders  in  this  country  settling  in  South  Caro- 
lina at  an  early  day.  When  the  Revolutionary 
war  came  on  the  family  ai'rayed  itself  on  the 
side  of  patriotism,  and  furnished  men  and  means 
to  the  cause.  On  one  occasion  the  family  farm 
was  raided  liy  Tories,  who  stole  all  of  a  tiock  of 
geese  except  one  gandei',  about  the  neck  of 
which  they  attached  something  containing  a  few 
pennies,  together  with  a  slip  of  pa|)er  on  which 
was  written  the  following  verse: 

"  Mr.  Wood,  your  geese  are  good; 
But,  as  stealing  is  a  slander. 
We  liave  bouiKlit  your  geese,  for  a  penny  apiece, 
And  leave  it  with  the  gander." 

Rebecca  (McWilliams)  Wood,  mother  of  our 
subject,  was  a  native  of  Rentucky  ai.d  ofScotch- 
Irisii  ancestry.  Her  mother  was  a  Kirkpatrick. 
a  direct  desceiulant  of  Baron  Kirkpa'rick,  of 
Scotland,  the  family  seat  in  that  country  being 
at  Closeburn.  The  father  of  our  subject  emi- 
grated, about  1822.  to  Illinois,  where  ho  jiur- 
cbased  1.600  acres  of  latul  in  what  is  now 
Montgomery  county,  and  foundeil  the  town  of 
Woodborough.  Ijotli  parents  are  now  deceased, 
and  of  their  twelve  children  imly  five  survive. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  early  taught  to 
work,  and  at  the  age  of  ten  years  began  super- 
intending the  farm  and  assisting  his  father  in 
their  store,  which  practical  experience  proved  of 
great  benetit  to  the  young  mind.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen,  he  struck  out  in  life  to  join  the  tide  of 
emigration  to  Oregon.  He  experieru'cd  the 
Ui-.ial  vicissitudes  in  crossing  the  jilains,  and  ar- 
»7 


rived  in  safety  at  the  Dalles  after  a  trij)  of  six 
months'  duration.  T'  .'e  ho  went  liy  Indiiiu 
canoe  to  Portlaml,  wii\jie  he  landed  011  Novem- 
ber 9,  1852.  Putting  into  jiractice  what  he  had 
learned  of  business  at  home,  Mr.  Woo<l  soon 
engaged  iti  business  on  his  own  account,  and 
opened  the  first  fruit  stand  in  Portland.  Through 
friends,  he  |)urchasiMl  eight  bushels  of  seedling 
apph's  uC  $t')  a  iiushel,  from  S(|iiire  Kiierly.  of 
Tualitin  jilains,  and  sold  them  for  twenty-live 
cents  apiece,  realizing  thereby  a  handsomt"  profit, 
as  the  apples  numbered  290  to  the  bushel.  With 
the  sale  of  the  apples  he  retir(«d  from  business, 
as  he  could  not  got  any  more  fruit.  Ho  tluui 
began  to  work  for  W.  S.  Ladd,  in  his  wholesale 
grocery,  renuiining  there  for  alwut  three  years, 
attending  school  a  portinti  of  the  tinu*. 

In  1855,  during  a  mining  excitement  in  Mri- 
tish  CJolumliia,  he  wet-.t  to  the  scene,  but  after 
staying  only  one  night,  started  on  his  return. 
The  Indian  war  had  just  broken  out  and  about 
fifteen  miles  aliove  the  Dalies  he  was  espied  by 
a  party  of  hostile  Indians.  Three  of  them  came 
toward  him  with  loaded  guns,  and  it  seemed  as 
thoiitih  his  time  had  c<une.  Rememberiii";  from 
what  he  had  heard  said  iiy  ol<l  frontiersmen, 
that  the  best  thing  to  be  done  under  such  cir- 
cumstances was  to  ajijiear  unfrightened,  he  made 
a  desperate  effort  to  do  so.  but  only  siu-ceeded  (as 
it  afterward  appeared)  in  making  the  savages 
think  he  was  crazy,  and  this  was  what  saved  his 
life,  as  the  Indians  were  afrai«l  to  harm  a  man 
who  was  insane.  Thus  they  left  him  to  go  his 
way.  They  had  Imrned  the  ferry  at  that  ])oint 
aiul  killed  the  ferryman  the  day  before,  r'roni 
the  Dalles  he  returned  in  safety  to  I'ortland. 

Mr.  Wood  worked  for  S.  ,1 .  McCormick  in  his 
book  store,  and,  although  vet  only  a  lioy.  prac- 
tically managed  the  business,  making  for  hin 
employer  a  great  deal  of  money.  During  his 
vacation  in  1857.  lie,  with  three  friends,  nuule 
the  ascent  of  Mt.  Hood,  discovering  two  lakes, 
one  of  which  was  mimed  Wood  lake.  It  is  now 
known  as  Chitwood  lake. 

December  2.3,  1858,  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
started  for  the  East,  via  tiie  Panama  route,  for 
the  purpose  of  entering  college'.  He  attended 
the  Wesleyan  Pniversity.  Delaware,  Ohio,  one 
year,  but  failing  health  com|ielled  him  to  give 
lip  his  studies,  and  he  returneil  to  the  family 
home  in  Illinois.  After  the  tiring  U|)on  Sum- 
ter, in  18()1.  he  made  speeches  throughout  the 
southern  part  of  Illinois  in  behalf  of  the  Union 
cause  and  enlisted  compHiijes  for  the  (rovorii- 


Hi;™-'.*' 


'r,     'H 


\'^\  1 


ciS'^%:: 


^ 


010 


nrSTORY    OF   OREOON. 


meiit.  11((  Wii8  tlieii  a|)|ii)iiile(l  liy  (icneriil  Fre- 
mont lis  (yliH|)lHiii  of  liiH  lioily  fTiinnl.  Imt  l>y 
onler  No.  Klo,  from  tliu  Sccrefary  of  war,  nil 
iiekl  ollicers  ii])|)oiiil('<l  liy  Kreinoiit  wero  reliuved 
from  fnrtliur  <liity. 

Mr.  Wood  wiib  marriud  at  Staiinfon,  llliimin, 
March  K'l.  18(i2.  aiid  on  the  28tli  of  April  started 
across  tlm  plaitis  for  Orej^on,  with  a  mule  team. 
The  dislance  was  covered  very  rapidly,  and  ex- 
cepting the  delay.-^  caused  liy  high  watei' and  In- 
dian ti'onhles,  only  forty-live  days  were  spent  in 
actual  travel,  which  was  rapid  for  those  days. 
His  expeiience  in  Indian  warfare  stood  him  in 
j^ood  stead,  as  liy  strategy  he  delayed  the  action 
of  a  large  company  of  Indians,  thus  saving  the 
lives  of  ids  party.  They  struck  the  Columbia 
river  at  Ixwiston,  going  then  liy  steamer  to 
I'ortland,  arrivitig  at  that  city  in  safety.  The 
i)rolilcni  of  |)roviding  for  himself  and  wife  then 
i'occd  him.  His  first  venture  consisted  in  the 
selling  of  3(t.()(l()  young  fruit  trees  to  the  new 
Bettlers  of  (irande  Honde  valley.  The  profit 
aggregati'd  ij^Ci.tHKt.  hut  as  the  sales  were  made 
on  time,  and  a  severe  winter  followed,  which 
killed  all  the  stock,  the  money  he  had  invested 
was  lost,  especially  as  he  forgave  his  debtors 
and  desti'oyed  their  notes. 

In  consequence  of  the  blockade  in  tlie  South, 
in  lSt'>3,  turpentiiK!  advaiu'ed  in  price  to  S3  |iei' 
gallon,  and  Mr.  Wood  conceived  the  idea  of 
making  tliis  valuable  article  of  commerce  by 
tapping  the  ( )regon  lir  trees,  the  enterprise 
netting  him  $lt'i,()0(». 

The  colored  children  were  prohibited  from 
the  public  school,  and  Mr.  Wood  took  ii])  their 
cause,  and  a  compromise  was  made  by  giving 
them  a  school  of  their  own  at  public,  expense. 

Among  the  enterprises  with  which  he  en- 
gaged his  attention  in  the, '(ills  was  the  building 
(if  a  steam  gristmill  at  La  drando,  which  he 
<i|)erated  successfully  for  two  years,  lie  then 
sold  out  for  $20, ()()(>,  taking  in  payment  a  large 
quantity  of  (lour,  which  he  freighted  to  Moise 
("ily,  Idaho,  where  lately  established  communi- 
cation with  California  had  caused  the  price  to 
fall,  so  that  he  lost  !5!l(),(HH>  by  the  transaction. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  he  decided  to  en- 
ter th((  ministry,  this  having  been  a  long  cher- 
ished plan.  Joining  the  Oregon  Conference  of 
the  Methodist  Episcojial  Church,  ho  engaged  in 
active  ministerial  work  for  nine  years,  during 
which  time  he  reiH'ived  into  the  church  one 
thousand  converts,  and  built  three  churches  and 
two  pnrsonageB,     In  i87t>.  becni)se  of  serious 


injury  to  his  voice  and  to  his  general  health,  he 
retired  from  the  ministry. 

For  two  years  he  was  engaged  in  a  museum 
enterprise,  which,  however,  resulted  adversely. 
In  1S78  he  turned  hi.s  attiMition  lo  the  real- 
estate  business,  opening  an  otHc<!  in  room  No. 
1,  Odd  Fellow's  Huilding,  doing  a  general  com- 
mission business.  In  1880  he  began  the  hand- 
ling of  large  tracts,  first  purchasing  300  acies 
on  time,  on  which,  by  subdividing  and  selling 
in  advance  of  maturing  payments,  he  made 
•Sii.OOO,  thus  solving  the  problem  of  making 
money  without  ci'i)ital.  As  agent  he  sold  the 
Cole's  Addition  and  also  a  large  iiart  of  South 
Portland.  He  jiurchased,  in  1883,  320  acres 
from  Kcv.  John  Selwood,  and  organized  the 
Selwood  Real-estate  Company,  subdividing  the 
plat  and  laying  out  the  town  of  Selwood,  and 
making  a  good  profit  for  the  purchasers.  The 
successful  carrying  out  of  this  enterprise  was 
the  imiuguration  of  the  great  movement  in  real 
estate  in  this  community,  which  lias  done  so 
much  for  the  building  up  of  Portland.  The 
tive-cent  fares  given  to  the  residents  of  Selwood 
marked  also  the  beginning  of  the  era  of  five- 
cent  fares  for  Portland. 

Mr.  Wood's  next  enterprise  was  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Northwest  Fire  &  Marine  Insurance 
Company,  of  which  he  was  elected  president. 
While  in  this  business  he  drafted  the  insurance 
laws  of  Oregon  and  lobbied  them  through  the 
Legislature,  after  which  he  retired  from  busi- 
ness. 

In  1888  when  the  Puget  sound  country  was 
being  lioonied  so  extensively  and  successfully, 
Mr.  Wood  turned  his  attention  toward  the 
betterment  of  the  feeble  efforts  being  made  to 
advance  Portland's  interests  and  organized  the 
Oregon  Board  of  Emigration  Society,  securing 
by  means  of  a  judicious  system  of  jiiiyments,  a 
large  subscription,  thus  placing  the  society  upon 
a  solid  financial  basis.  In  1889  he  purchased 
038  acres  of  land  southwest  of  the  city,  a  portion 
of  which  he  subdivided,  designating  it  West 
Portland,  and  agreeing  that  when  000  lots  were 
sold  a  motor  road  should  be  built  to  the  tract. 
Successfully  carrying  out  his  plan,  the  motor 
road  was  built,  which  now  extends  six  miles  out 
to  West  Portland  Park,  thus  developing  that 
portion  of  the  city.  He  has  tmw  laid  off'  480 
lots  as  tl.'e  first  addition  to  West  Portland  Park. 
In  18!)0  he  drafted  the  constitution  and  by-laws 
for,  ami  was  instrumental  in  organizing  the 
Metltodist  Social  Union  of  Portlaiid.     He  was 


niSTORY    UF    OUK(;()N. 


1111 


hIho  active  in  foun<lin^  tlio  Portlaml  University, 
of  wliicii  lie  was  ele'Jted  vic.e-preBidont.  Indeed 
Mr.  Wood  lia8  tlms  far  iiad  a  remarkably  siie- 
eessfiil  career,  l)eitig  especially  successful  in  the 
organization  of  ])ro8])orons  corjroratioiis,  tlie 
ostablishmoiit  of  snliurban  roads  and  the  sale  of 
city  lots.  His  foresight  in  regard  to  land  values 
was  demonstrated  in  early  days.  When  he 
wished  to  purchase  half  a  lot  on  Front  street, 
between  Stark  and  Washington  streets,  for  !?37U, 
Mr.  Ladd  said  to  him:  "Keep  your  money, 
Tom,  you  will  never  get  it  back  again." 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  have  seven  children: 
William  II.,  Virginia  A.,  Charles  E.,  Emma  R., 
May,  .lohn  II.,  and  Xellie  D.  The  family  re- 
side at  No.  455  West  Park  street,  where,  in  1881, 
he  built  a  substantial  home,  provided  with 
modern  conveniences  and  imi)rovements,  and 
laid  out  the  grounds  in  a  tasterul  and  attractive 
manner. 

Mr.  Wood  is  a  member  of  the  Indian  War 
Veterans  and  of  the  Oregon  Pioneers.  He  is 
now  Captain  of  the  Indian  War  Veterans.  His 
life  has  been  characterized  by  great  activity,  keen 
foresitrht,  sound  iudi;ment,  and  the  sttrictest 
integrity,  and,  as  one  of  Portland's  most  sub- 
stantial developers,  his  name  will  go  down  to 
posterity.  Of  him  it  has  been  truthfully  said 
that  he  has  made  more  money  for  more  meii 
than  any  other  man  in  Oregon. 

fll.VRLES  P.  BACON,  is  another  of  those 
intellectual  giants  which  Oregon  has  the 
happy  faculty  of  producing.  It  may  be 
owing  to  the  air  her  inliahitants  breathe,  that 
tliey  at  once  seem  endowed  with  almost  super- 
hunian  endurance  and  power,  and  their  intel- 
lectual faculties  are  marvelously  developed.  If 
some  shrewd  yaiikce  could  secure  this  wonder- 
ful elixir  and  bottle  and  sell  it,  he  would  have  a 
fortune  eipial  to  many  gold  mines.  Ilowincr, 
that  may  be,  and  whatever  the  cause,  we  have 
only  to  chronicle  the  result  as  exhibited  in  the 
case  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch. 

He  was  born  in  Candor,  Tioga  county.  New 
York,  on  April  15,  1823.  He  is  of  New  Eng- 
land ancestry,  his  great-greatgrandfather,  Na- 
thaniel Bacon,  having  come  from  Hutland,  Hug- 
land,  and  settled  in  Connecticut  in  the  early 
diys  of  that  colony.  He  lived  to  a  good  old 
age,  and  died  in  l1Wi.     His  great-graiidfatl|er, 


Thomas  Bacon,  and  grandfatluir,  Seth  IJacon, 
and  his  father.  Dr.  William  I'.ucon.  were  all 
born  in  that  State.  His  grandfather,  Seth  Hacon, 
was  born  in  17(')8,  and  his  son.  Dr.  William 
'iacon,  in  17!M.  Dr.  William  married  Miss 
Harriet  L.  Hunt,  daughter  of  Cajjtain  Walter 
Hunt,  and  they  had  nine  children,  live  now  sur- 
viving, riioy  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  celebrat- 
ing their  sixty-eighth  wedding  day  in  .Niles, 
Michigan,  in  1SS3. 

Our  subject  was  the  third  of  the  family  ami 
the  eldest  son.  He  was  raised  in  Ithaca,  New 
York,  until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  when 
he  removed  to  Hrancli  county,  Michigan,  remain- 
ing there  seven  years.  In  1817  he  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  he  was  interested  in  the  lumiier 
business  and  a  grocery  store  for  three  years.  (  hi 
March  4,  1850,  he  started  to  cross  the  plains, 
and  had  a  chance  to  drive  a  team  for  his  boai-d. 
The  bargain  was  that  he  should  help  James  ('. 
Turner  to  Oregon,  and  that  he  was  to  he 
boarded,  and  gi\e  Mr.  Turner  half  of  the  |)rotit8 
of  the  first  year's  work  in  Oregon.  They  had 
a  pair  of  mides,  a  pair  of  horses  and  u  saddle 
pony.  They  got  out  of  provisioiis  twice  on  the 
way,  but  arrived  safely  at  their  destination,  Mr. 
Macon  driving  the  same  team  into  Oregon  ('Ity, 
with  which  he  had  started  in  Illinois.  He  first 
worked  in  a  sawmill  for  So  a  day  and  bnaid, 
receiving  in  twentv-t'our  hours  a.-  much  as  he 
would  have  received  in  Illiimis  in  a  month,  iJiU). 
They  ran  the  mill  night  and  day  and  Sundays, 
but  he  declined  to  work  on  Sunday.  I'rom  there 
he  came  to  Portland,  where  he  conducted  a 
boarding  house  for  a  short  time,  afterward  (Mi- 
gaging  with  Mr.  William  Sherlock  ti)  drive  .Mr. 
Sherlock's  team  and  do  draying  for  a  shaie  of 
the  profits.  In  the  summer  and  fall  of  1S51  lie 
clerked  in  the  general  nieicliandise  store  of  Mr. 
W.  II.  Harnhart,  and  later  clerked  l'(ji'  Thomas 
Pritoliard.  In  1852  he  went  after  gold  to 
.facksdnville,  (Oregon,  and  to  Yreka,  California, 
but  did  not  get  much.  He  picked  up  enough 
in  Cottonwood  creek  to  makeagold  ring,  which 
he  put  on  his  wife's  finger,  when  they  were  mar- 
ried, which  she  still  wears.  That  was  the  ex- 
tent of  his  gold  digginj;.  Me  returned  to  ( Ire- 
gon,  and  in  Februarv,  1853,  purchasiMl  im  inter- 
est in  Mr.  Sherlock's  draying  business.  They 
started  with  two  horses  and  a  <lray,  which  was 
made  by  using  the  hind  wheels  of  a  double 
wagon.  They  worked  in  that  way  for  a  while, 
then  opened  a  small  staiile,  out  of  which  grew 
their  livor^-  busjuess,     |t  was  probably  in  iyo4, 


013 


niSrORY    OF   OUFMON. 


\vli(<n  tlii'y  lidiiglil  tlieir  first  Imji^y,  wliicli  was 
CMC  nf  the  lirst  in  tiie  city.  Tiii'ir  livt'i'y  hiisi 
iiees  wiiK  very  [)ro.-|)ei'oiiK,  i^niwinj^  witii  tiincity, 
until  it  Ijociinie  ii  liirirc  cntfrDrist".  Thev  liciiiin 
ti)  introdni't'  tine  l{|!ici<  Ilii\vi<  Mora's,  anil  tlieir 
staliles  Were  caiieil  tiic  Black  IJawU  slables. 
Mr.  I'aeon  cdntinncil  in  this  busini^'^s  for  thirty 
yi^ars.  Ainnnjf  the  well-known  horses  that  they 
owni'fi,  was  "  I'aul  Jones,"  then  (jnite  t'anious. 
In  IS")!)  they  liecitnie  the  owners  of  the  old  inis- 
hion  lienl  oi'  horses  and  colts,  which  were  tnosUy 
of  Kentucky  stock,  over  eighty  in  all.  In  ls54 
they  purchased  lands  in  Washington  county,  and 
three  years  later,  in  1857,  they  purchased  Swan 
island,  raisin<^  on  these  lands  their  stock.  In 
the  early  day  they  did  nearly  all  the  drayinir 
and  livery  business  of  the  city,  and  they  began 
to  buy  and  sell  horses  an<l  other  property,  and 
invested  lari^oly  in  city  property.  In  IHT);}  he 
owned  a  lot  on  the  corner  of  Alder  and  Third 
streets,  which  they  sold  f<ir  a  yoktt  of  oxsn  and 
a  gold  watch,  which  property  afterward  sold 
for  $12,000,  now  being  valued  at  $50,000.  In 
18t!7  Mr.  Macon  bought  out  his  j)artner.  They 
divided  a  part  of  their  real  estate,  but  still  own 
consi(leral)le  property  together,  Mr.  Bacon  con- 
tinning  the  livery  business  alone.  They  built 
the  brick  building  on  the  corner  of  Second  and 
( )ak  streets,  block  17,  wliieli  is  one  of  the  early 
briek  buildings  of  the  city;  and  also  aided  in 
other  city  iinprovenienta. 

On  January  17, 1855,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Clara  Clark,  a  native  of  Maine,  and  daughter  of 
Mr.  Jo.se|)h  Clark,  a  veteran  of  the  war  of  1812. 
Her  nioth(i|-'s  maiden  name  was  Mercy  B.  Cobb, 
daughter  of  Ca|)tain  Rowland  Cobb,  who  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  in  which  he  enlisted, 
being  pronioteil  from  Corporal  to  Cajitain  dur- 
ing his  service  in  that  famous  struggle  for 
independence.  Ilei'  mother  was  a  descendant 
of  the  Butlers,  who  came  over  in  the  ^May- 
flower. Her  ancestors  wer(>  Baptists  in  religion. 
Mr.  Bacon's  progenitors  have  always  adhered  to 
the  Church  of  England, — the  Episcopal  denom- 
ination. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bacon  have  three  children,  two 
daughters  and  a  son,  all  born  in  Portland. 
Tessie  Hloise.  one  of  the  daughters,  died  when 
two  years  of  age.  Hattie  Louise  married  Mr. 
G.  W.  Weidler,  and  they  have  an  elegant  home 
in  the  same  block  with  her  parents.  Mr.  Wei<l- 
ler  is  a  member  of  the  Willamette  Mill  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  largest  business  tlrnis  in  the 


city.  Their  son,  Charles,  is  in  the  Insurance 
business. 

Mr.  Bacon  owns  a  farm  of  205  acres,  situated 
liv((  miles  west  of  the  city,  where  ho  is  making 
a  ]iastimc  of  raising  fast  horses  and  .lersey 
cattle.  In  1880  he  purchased  the  double  block, 
on  which  are  his  residence  and  that  of  his 
daughter.  The  grounds  are  tastefully  laid  out 
and  beautifully  adorned  with  ornamental  trees 
and  shrubs,  while  the  residences  are  among  the 
handsomest  in  the  city,  replete  with  all  modern 
improvements  and  conveniences, and  truly  model 
homes. 

He  and  his  family  are  members  of  St.  Mark's 
Episcopal  Church.  lie  was  formerly  a  vestry- 
man of  Trinity  Church,  and  when  St.  Mark's 
was  organized,  was  inatrumentel  in  building  it, 
and  was  elected  a  vestryman..  In  politics  he 
had  always  affiliated  with  the  Democrats  previ- 
ous to  the  war.  when  he  sided  very  strongly 
with  the  Union,  since  which  time  he  has  been  a 
Republican. 

If  success  attends  the  most  worthy,  and  the 
fittest  survive,  we  require  no  better  exponent 
of  the  fact  thati  this  outline  of  this  whole-souled, 
upright  and  aimable  citizen,  who,  by  his  own 
endeavors,  honestly  and  honorably  exercised, 
has  acquired  wealth  and  the  esteem  of  his  fel- 
low-citizens. 


-^■^■•^ 


JRA  V.  BOWERS.— Among  the  successful 
|l  business  men  of  Portland  none  are  more 
S^  highly  respected  than  Mr.  Ira  F.  Powers, 
who  was  born  at  A u  Sable  Forks.  Clinton  county, 
\ew  York,  in  18iU.  His  ancestry  in  England 
can  be  traced  back  in  direct  line  to  the  twelfth 
century.  The  American  branch  was  first  known 
at  Littleton,  Massachusetts,  in  161i},  by  the  name 
of  Power,  from  them  descended  four  sons,  wIkj  in 
1()S;{  added  the  "s''  to  the  name. 

Levi  Powers,  the  father  of  our  subject,  passed 
his  early  life  in  Vermont,  engaged  in  a  sawmill, 
and  fiiibeoqnently  emigrated  to  Ballston,  New 
York,  and  followed  the  same  line  of  business, 
and  was  there  married  to  Miss  Mary  Frost,  and 
the  union  was  blessed  with  several  children. 
The  parents  lived  to  extreme  old  age  and  died 
amidst  their  children. 

The  education  of  Ira  F.  Powers  has  been 
chiefly  acquired  from  the  school  of  experience. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  struck  out  in  life 


OtbTORY    or   OKKOON. 


ftiM 


iiiid  fi'iiin  tliiit  (lute  luts  I'ltnicd  liis  invn  t-ii|i|iiii't. 
Ill'  t'ullowfil  I'ariniiiif  up  to  tlie  iige  of  ei<;litwM 
ycHrs,  lint  Ijciiiff  of  a  inecliaiiiciil  iiiiiiil  lie  then 
I'litereil  an  iron  niaiiufHctory  and  licgan  to  leai'ii 
that  triido.  Mcfore  the  first  year  had  jiassed  liL- 
showed  such  talent  that  his  waives  were  raised 
to  $1.50  a  day,  but  even  that  was  declined,  as 
the  heat  of  the  furnace  and  the  hanl  work  made 
the  place  unsatisfactory.  He  then  returned  to 
fariniii}!;,  which  he  followed  until  the  fall  of 
1851  when,  with  a  few  friends,  lie  decide<l  to 
eonio  to  California.  To  that  end  he  forwarded 
money  to  New  York  for  the  purchase  of  tickets, 
hut  upon  his  arrival  in  Xew  York  about  De- 
cendicr  15,  prices  had  advanced  for  through 
tickets  and  the  nuiney  advanced  was  insufticient 
and  returned.  ()\ir  sidiject  then  jiiirchased  a 
ticket  for  $100  by  the  bark  "Krindan"  with  15(1 
passengers  to  sail  arouncl  the  Jlorn.  This  was 
finally  acconiplishedi  and  thoufjh  the  company 
was  the  amalgamation  of  all  countries  it  was  an 
orderly  crowd,  and  with  plenty  of  water  and  sup- 
plies the  trip  was  a  comfortable  one.  They 
landed  in  San  Francisco  August  5,  185:2.  Mr-. 
Powers  had  little  faith  in  mining  still,  with  his 
friends,  he  went  to  the  mines  in  J'lacer  county 
and  with  just  enough  success  to  continue  experi- 
menting, which  was  the  way  with  all  miners. 
lie  visited  the  several  mining  localities  of  Cali- 
fornia and  Idaho,  and  stuck  to  it  for  thirteen 
years.  He  then  cried  a  halt  and  (juit  the  br.si- 
ness,  against  the  desires  of  his  friends.  He 
declared  that  he  woid<l  not  raise  another  shovel 
of  <lirt.  He  then  came  to  Portland  iti  the  spring 
of  1865,  and  with  A.  Hurcliard  engaged  in  the 
second-hand  furniture  bnsini'ss,  which  was  con- 
tinued with  great  jirotit  until  the  great  fire  of 
1873,  when  they  were  burned  out  and  nearly 
everything  was  destroyed.  They  saved  about 
$5,000  each  from  the  wreck.  I^Ir.  Powers  then 
started  in  I)usiness  alone  in  the  same  line,  wliich 
he  followed  until  18'J1,  when  he  sold  out  because 
of  incompetent  help  to  manage  the  store  while 
other  duties  demanded  his  attention.  In  IST-t 
Mr.  Powers  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  fur- 
niture, the  firm  of  Donly,  Heard  &  Powers  being 
formed,  with  a  factory  at  Willsburg,  whicli  con- 
tinued about  two  years.  Mr.  Powers  then  sold 
his  interest  and  started  a  factory  on  the  corner 
of  Front  and  ^ladison  streets,  and  with  about 
twonty  hands  manufactured  all  varieties  of  fur- 
niture. With  the  growth  of  the  city  and 
increasing  land  values  and  rentals,  about  1870, 
Mr.  Powers  saw  that  the  best  thiny;  would  be  to 


buy  property,  and  he  pnndiuscil  block  lUl  im 
Water  street,  at  the  foot  o!'  Montgoinery,  and 
there  iiuilt  a  very  complete  factory.  Here  he 
continued  with  great  success  until  18.^1.  when 
his  factory  was  set  on  lire  and  cmnplettdy  de- 
stroyed, causing  a  lo.ss  of  !>'50,000.  In  1887 
he  sold  the  l)lock  for  railroad  imr|)ose3  and  pur- 
chased three  acres  in  South  Portland  and  there 
erected  a  more  complete  factory,  the  buildings 
covering  nearly  every  part  of  the  ground,  with 
saw  and  planing  mills, enabling  him  to  piindiase 
his  lumber  in  the  log,  which  jtasses  through  his 
own  mills  and  comes  out  in  the  complete  furni- 
ture ready  for  market.  A  force  of  sevent-tive 
hanils  are  constantly  employed,  and  his  sales- 
rooms are  located  on  I'irst  street,  where  he 
(K'cupies  a  three-story  building,  and  conducts  a 
wholesale  and  retail  business.  Mr.  Powers  was 
married  at  La  Porte,  California,  in  18li(Uo  Miss 
Minnie  Wilson,  who  died  in  18(il,  leaving  one 
son,  Frederick.  Our  subject  remarried  iti  1870 
to  Miss  Mary  Selcin  wdio,  after  five  years,  passed 
away,  leaving  one  son,  wdio  was  named  Ira  F.,,Jr. 
The  latter  was  married  October  G,  1801,  to  Miss 
Mabel  Jamison  of  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  Mr. 
Powers  is  a  Ivnight  Templar,  F.  iV  .\.  M.,  and 
acharter  member  of  Pilot  Peak  liOilg(»,  I.(  >.  O.  F. 
He  was  one  of  the  buihlers  ot  the  Morrison 
street  bridge,  which  was  commenced  in  1870,  and 
was  also  a  stockholder  and  builder  (d'  the  Madi 
son  street  bridge.  He  was  one  of  thcorganizers 
of  the  Metropolitan  Savings  15ank,  whicli  subse- 
(]iiently  changed  to  the  Oregon  National  I'aidt. 
Asaphilaiithro])ic  act  Mr.  Powers  worked  up  the 
organization  incorporated  as  thcPoys  and  (iirls' 
.\id  Society"  and  is  still  one  of  the  zealous 
workers  of  the  institution,  which  has  been  sig. 
nally  benelicial  in  reclaiming  young  children 
and  caring  for  them  until  suitable  homes  can  be 
jirovided  for  them.  The  home  now  contains 
about  twenty  children,  who  are  or|ihans,  neg- 
lected and  destitute.  A  noble  and  praisevvorlhy 
charity.  As  a  business  man  Mr.  Powers  has 
been  a  success,  and  this  is  a  reward  of  honesty, 
integrity  and  jiersevering  labor,  atid  as  an  enter- 
prising citizen  he  commands  the  respect  of  all 
who  know  him. 


|K.  OTIS  D.    HFTLKU,  of  Independmiofl, 
is  a  i-ativo  of  Polk  county,  born  .liiiie  10, 


180'- 


He  is  a  son  of  Orville   Duth^r,  a 


native  of  Illinois,  born  in  1840,  ami  a  grandson 


if 


914 


iihsrony  of  ouKnoy. 


,1 


w  1 

14; 


of  J.  15.  V.  Hiitler,  11  imtive  of  Xuw  ir!iiii|»liirc, 
wli,/  t'lnii^ruted  to  llliii<>ic>,  wIutc  he  iiiHtTicd 
MIhs  Kli/.iil)(!tli    Iiij;nlls. 

Ill  1S4!I  tilt'  family  cronaed  tliu  plains  to 
Oruf^oii,  tim  Doctor's  fiitli(<r  heiiif;;  ont^  of  tlio 
coiiijiaiiy.  IIo  recoiveil  his  odiicatioii  in  this 
Ktato,  und  n-iiiaiiicd  with  his  father  iintit  ho  wiih 
of  age.  Ill  IHOl  lie  was  married  to  Miss  Klleii 
Murphy,  of  Moiimoi  th,  a  daughter  of  Kov. 
William  Murphy,  of  the  CliriBtian  Church,  and 
one  of  Oreiron'a  pioneers.  Tiiey  had  three 
children:  Otis  I).,  our  Bubject;  C.  \V.,  who 
was  a  student  at  the  State  Normal  School  three 
years,  and  is  now  a  practiciiif^  dentist;  and 
Klleii,  now  Mrs.  ,J.  K.  O'Doniiell,  whose  hus- 
band is  a  leading  hardware  merchant  of  Inde- 
pendence. The  mother  died  in  1870,  a  faithful 
member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  a  most 
estimable  woiiiun.  The  father,  who  afterward 
married  Miss  Mary  Lee,  of  Dallas,  now  lives 
on  his  farm  in  Linii  county,  with  a  family  of 
four  children:   Sadie,  Vance,  Dean   and    Frank. 

Dr.  Hutler  tasted  the  bitter  with  the  average 
poor  boy  of  his  day;  entered  Christian  College 
at  Monmouth,  at  the  age  of  si.xteen,  working 
for  his  boanl  and  tuition,  lie  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  H.  S.  in  1882.  Soon  after,  he  was 
employed  in  a  drug  store  in  Dallas,  which  posi- 
tion he  hold  for  two  years,  conijileting  his  course 
in  pharmacy.  He  then  read  medicine  with  Dr. 
J.  W.  Bean,  now  of  Ellingsworth,  Washington, 
and  graduated  from  the  Willamette  University, 
in  I'ortlaiid,  in  1887.  having  heUl  the  position 
of  house  surgeon  and  physician  at  Good  Samar- 
itan Hospital  for  one  year.  A  few  months  later 
he  came  to  Indcpondence  and  formed  a  partncr- 
nership  with  Dr.  T.  ,1.  Lee,  which  continued 
about  the  years. 

In  March,  18110,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ar- 
duUa  Nelson,  a  daughter  of  A.  N'elson,  an 
honored  Oregon  ])ianoer.  She  was  born  in  Polk 
county,  December,  5,  18t)8;  was  educated  at  the 
best  scliofds  in  the  county,  and  graduated  from 
the  Academy  of  Sucred  Heart,  at  Salem,  in 
18S().  She  afterward  taught  several  terms  in 
the  district  and  jiiiblic  schools  near  her  home. 

Dr.  and  .Mrs.  Hutler  have  one  little  son, 
Alaiiricc  ,J.  Tlioy  have  completed  and  lately 
oecoiipicd  one  of  the  most  iustlietic  cottages  in 
Independence.  The  Doctor  is  a  Royal  Arch 
Mason,  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat,  having 
served  five  years  as  secretary  of  tlie  Hoard  of 
United  States  E.xaininiiig  Surgeons  for  I'en- 
Biona. 


He  and  his  wife  are  highly  esfeonind  in  the 
county  in  which  they  were  born,  raised.  (mIii- 
catetl,  married  and  settled,  and  are  excellent  rep- 
resentatives of  the  native  sons  and  dangliters  of 
Oregon,  a  credit  to  their  county  and  State,  of 
which  they  are  justly  proud,  and  which  their 
patents  helped  to  found. 

The  Doctor  is  an  enthusiast  in  his  profession, 
and  as  a  young  physician  stands  high  in  it, 
which  fact  is  shown  by  the  large  practice  he  en- 
joys. 

;DWAIiD  l5lDDLK,proprietorand  founder 
of  the  Dallas  Iron  Works,  Dallas,  Oregon, 
is  a  native  of  New  York,  born  December 
'J,  1847. 

His  father.  Kdward  liiildic,  was  born  in  Quo- 
bee,  (Jaiiada.  He  removed  to  New  York  when 
a  young  man,  and  there  married  Miss  Adelaide 
Heebe,  who  was  b(jrn  in  Montreal,  and  from 
her  third  year  reared  in  New  York.  They  had 
six  children,  five  sons  and  a  daughter,  Kd- 
ward being  the  oldest.  Tiie  father  (lied  in  his 
seventy-seventh  year,  and  the  mother  is  still 
living,  now  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty- 
five. 

Mr.  Hiddle  was  reared  in  his  native  State, 
anil  obtained  only  a  limited  education.  At  the 
early  age  of  nine  years  he  began  to  '•  rustle  "'  for 
himself.  He  learned  the  engineer  and  machin- 
ists' trade,  and  for  several  years  was  engaged 
chiefly  in  railroad  work  in  Kocliester,  central 
Illinois:  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Iliinnibal,  Missouri; 
and  Louisville,  Kentucky.  Ho  siibseiiuently 
worked  in  Iowa  and  New  (Jrleans,  and  after  the 
surrender  of  (Tcncral  Lee  was  in  Mobile,  .\la- 
bama.  Kroiii  the  last  named  city  he  came  to 
San  Francisco.  For  several  years  following  he 
was  in  the  employ  of  tin-  ('entral  Pacific  Kail- 
road  Coiii|)any,  at  Sacramento  and  Vallejo,  and 
from  there  was  sent  to  take  charge  of  the  shop 
at  (Jarlin,  Nevada.  He  was  next  engaged  on 
mining  machinery  at  Virginia  City,  Nevada. 
He  took  charge  of  the  Sutter  Tunnel  Company's 
Works,  being  chief  engineer  for  six  years.  In 
1880  he  came  to  Oregon,  and  until  1888  did 
railroad  rejiair  work.  That  year  he  came  to 
Dallas,  ami  started  the  first  foundry  in  the 
town,  which,  under  his  management,  soon  be- 
came a  good  business,  and  grew  into  the  Dallas 
Iron  Works.     This  establishment  now  furnishes 


I 


insroHY  OF  oiiFaoN. 


OiA 


i  I 

I 


uiii|)l()}riu'iit  to  tell  iiii'ii,  ddiiij,'  nil  l<iii(ln  irf  iron 
work,  r('|)iiiriiif;  hikJ  tiiniiiiriicliiriii<^.  I'lu'y 
inniiiifactiiro  \u>\\  pressen  iiiul  fiiniiici'>,  ami  do 
tlic  work-  for  fiftcnii  siiwmilln.  Mr.  Kidiilo  hwiim 
tlif  iron  Works  mid  iilt*(»  owns  oiioIihII'  the 
water  power.  Ilo  1ms  lniilt  iif^nod  residctici'  in 
I)iillaH,  mid  is  tlmrollglil)'  ideiititi(l<l  with  llie 
interests  of  this  eity. 

i'olitically  he  \a  a  stanch  KepiiMicmi;  has 
H((rved  six  years  iih  ScImikI  Director  in  Dallas. 
With  the  ^t^soni(•  tVnteriiity  he  is  |iroiiiinently 
identified.  He  is  I'list  Master  of  the  Idiie 
lodge  and  Ilifih  I'riest  of  the  eliajiter.  Ho  is 
nil  intelligent  man.  thinks  for  himself,  and  has 
the  credit  of  having,  liy  his  own  eli'orts.  inaile 
himself  what  he  ia.  deserving  the  snccess  he 
has  attained. 

Mr.  Middle  was  married  in  187M,  ni  Misi. 
.losepliiiie  Davis,  a  native  of  Massaehusetts,  and 
a  daughter  of  Luther   15.  Davis. 

fU.\.NK  (;.  I'KliUV.  of  Molalla.  Claek-amaa 
1^  coiintv.  is  raiikeil  with  tlie()regoii  pioneers 
)f  llsiS.      I''ollowini;   is   a    lirief  sketeli   of 
lifs  life: 

Frank  0.  I'erry  was  horn  in  Iowa,  Novemhor 
*),  1844,  and  is  descended  from  early  settlers  of 
Vermont.  Ilis  father.  Francis  I'erry,  was  liorn 
in  Vermont  in  IMS,  and  his  mother,  Klizalieth 
(Crandle)  I'erry.  was  horn  in  I'literson.  New 
.lersey.  in  1828,  daiightei-  of  Thomas  Ormidle. 
Ill  1845,  when  their  oldest  child  was  one  year 
old,  they  crossed  the  |)laiiis  to  the  far  West, 
landing  in  ( )regoii,  after  a  journey  of  six  moiitli8, 
and  without  any  serious  misfortune.  They  lo- 
cated in  Vam  Hill  comity,  near  where  La  Fay- 
ette is  now  located,  and  on  the  nortli  fork  of  the 
^'um  Hill  river  Mr.  Perry  huilt  a  sawmill,  and 
was  engaged  in  himhering  until  1851.  He 
then  sold  out,  moved  to  Columhia  cotinty.  took 
a  donation  claim  of  04(1  acres  of  land,  anti  there 
built  another  sawmill,  carrying  on  the  lumher 
Inisiiiess  in  connection  with  his  farming  Oj)era- 
tions.  lie  was  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
ability  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of 
bis  day.  his  life  being  cbaracterizecl  l)y  intelli- 
gent industry  and  the  strictest  integrity.  I'o- 
litically, he  was  a  Democrat.  He  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  the  county  by  bis  party  and  served 
most  acceptably  aa  the  incumbent  of  that  otKee. 
He  died  of  a  tumor,  December  18.  188(1  in  tlie 


sixty-eighlh  year  of  his  age.  Twelve  childieii 
were  added  to  their  family  in  ( Iregon.  Ilis 
widow  and  her  youngest  son  now  reside  on  the 
(lunation  claim,  near  St.  Helen.  I'light  of  the 
children  are  living  and  arc  as  follows:  I.etitiii, 
wife  of  Henry  LaniberHon,  ('olnmbia  county; 
licbecca,  wife  of  Samuel  Oalloway.  Iiiion 
county;  Maria,  wife  of  Kiioeli  Sliutalfer,  of 
Washington;  (Miarles,  ( 'olnmbia  county;  Nellie, 
wife  of  Charles  (Irabani,  I'ortlaiid;  .Newton. 
Columbia  county;  Minnie,  wife  of  .lacob  Itroiise; 
mill  (leorge,  who  lives  witii  his  inolher, 

l'"raiik  C.,  as  above  stated,  was  the  oldest  of 
the  family,  and  was  only  a  year  ohl  when  he 
came  to  this  State,  where  he  was  reared  and  ed- 
iK'ated.  Ho  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker, 
and  was  engaged  in  that  business  hu' eight  years. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  lumber  business,  and  was  in  |)arlnership 
with  his  father  until  1884.  He  then  came  to 
('lackainas  county,  |Mircliased  property,  and  en- 
gaged ill  the  livery  business.  In  188(i  he 
bought  lots  in  Molalla  mid  built  an  attractivtt 
little  cottage,  one  of  the  nicest  in  the  place,  and 
in  it  he  has  since  resided.  He  deals  in  horses 
and  other  stock,  and  is  ranked  with  the  leading 
business  men  of  the  town. 

In  .November,  18(i4,  Mr.  I'erry  married  Miss 
Klleii  .McNiilty,  a  natives  of  Missouri,  born  in 
1845.  They  had  four  children;  Lee,  Dennis, 
Afaggie  and  Kdward.  lulward  died  in  his 
thirteenth  year.  Mr.  I'erry  was  married  a 
second  time,  in  1882.  to  Miss  .leniiie  Hean.  who 
was  born  in  I'aterson.  .New  .lersey.  .lanuary  5. 
ISCio.  daughter  of  .1.  T.  I'eaii.  a  native  of  I'.ng- 
land.      They  have  one  son,  Hertie. 

I'olitically,  Mr.  I'erry  alHliates  with  the 
Democratic  party. 


*4KV1  liOBIUXS,  a  highly  respected  farmer 
jIW  of  Clackamas  county,  and  aii  <  )regon  pioneer 
^  of  1852,  dates  his' birth  in  the  State  of 
Indiana,  February  28.  1835. 

Mr.  Uobbins  is  descended  from  Welsh  ances- 
tors, who  emigrated  to  America  and  settled  in 
the  colony  of  Virginia,  where  they  were  promi- 
nent and  iiillnential  people,  (iraiidfather  Jacob 
Uobbins  <lied  of  measles,  in  the  seventy-third 
year  of  his  age.  Several  of  his  brothers  fought 
in  the  Uevoliitionary  war.  His  son,  .lacob 
Uobbins,   father   of  our   subject,    was    born    in 


''f 


I'll 


UlU 


uiaroRY  Of  OHBoos. 


Kiintiii'ky, ''iiiiu  t.  ISOO,  imil  in  curly  lift-  ic 
moved  tii  liidiiiiiii,  wlieru  lie  iiiiirrird  MiHsSiiriili 
Spiliiiiin.  Scviiii  S(ni>  and  two  diiii^;liti>rs  were 
l)iii'ii  to  tliL'iii  ill  liidiiiiiii.  ami  in  iNo'i,  witii 
tlicir  c'ldldi-eii.  all  ^illulu  at  tlmt  time,  tlic^v 
(M'onped  the  |)laiii>  to  Oi'ef^oii.  I,evi  wim  then 
hiiveiiteoii  yeiirK  old.  llo  drove  a  team  idl  tlie 
way  through  to  HiirlowV  Station,  at  wliitdi  jilace 
lie  WU--  taken  with  iiKiiintain  l'ti\er.  When  they 
arrived  at  the  iiioiitli  of  the  Sanily.  on  the  ( 'o- 
liimhia  river,  where  they  laiuled,  a  niimher  of 
the  family  were  ijiiite  r.iek,  it  wart  raiiiin;:;  and 
theii'  .-nlleriii;^  was  great.  Here  one  of  the  sons, 
Aaron,  aged  live  years,  died  and  was  buried;  at 
I'arlow'rt  Station  another  son,  Theoilore,  ai;ud 
ei>;ht  years,  died.  Many  years  iifturward,  when 
their  home  was  |)erinaneiitl\  estalilishe(l  in  Ore- 
croii,  Mr.  luihliiiirt  returned  to  the  mouth  <ir  the 
Sandy,  procureil  the  reniaino  of  his  sMiis,and 
hiiried  them  in  the  .\danis  cemetery  with  the 
rest  of  their  deail. 

Their  tirst  winter  in  (  h'eifon  was  a  hard  one 
and  long  to  be  remembered.  The  snow  fi'll  dee|i 
and  stayed  on  loiii^,  and  they  hiid  no  feeil  for 
their  stock.  They  Imd  brought  with  them 
twenty-one  yoke  of  oxen  and  five  tine  brood 
man'".  Half  of  the  cattle  and  all  the  horses,  but 
one,  died  for  want  (d"  feed.  And,  all  in  all,  their 
lirst  I'xperieiice  in  <  hcj^oii  wiiH  of  a  character  to 
disc'uvaji;e  the  stoutest  heart;  but  they  were 
here,  ai.I  were  ileterinined  to  stay  and  succeed 
if  it  wen,  possible.  They  settled  three  miles 
east  of  die  city  of  Salem,  at  which  place  an- 
olini  iuughter  was  born.  In  181)0  they  moved 
\o  .Molalla  iirairie.  In  18G7  the  brave  Christian 
inotluM'  die<l.  She  was  a  member  of  the  .Meth- 
odist Church,  was  in  every  way  a  most  e.»tini- 
able  woman,  ami  her  death  <'ast  {^reat  sorrow 
over  this  pioneer  home.  The  father  t-ubse- 
(piently  went  to  eastern  Oreifon,  and  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  was  engan;ed  in  the  stock  business 
there.  lie  has  attained  the  ripe  old  ai^e  of 
ttighty-three  years,  has  retireil  from  active  busi- 
nes^,  and  ihiw  resides  with  his  son  Oliver,  at  his 
old  home  on    .Molalla  prairie. 

Levi  Uobbins  attended  s(diool  for  a  time  after 
eomino;  to  ()reij;on.  In  1S57  he  and  his  brother 
llar\y  purchiised  480  acres  of  land,  o;oino;  in 
debt  an<l  working  hard  until  they  paid  for  it. 
Ill  18(J0  they  divided  the  land  between  them, 
and,  after  comluetin<i  farmintr  ojierations  alone 
for  two  years,  l,e\  i  traded  his  property  for  -l-7o 
acres  on  the  I'pper  Molalla  in  Clackamas  eouii- 
ty.     (Jii  this  property  he  has  since  lived,  devot- 


ing liitt  time  and  attention  to  its  ciiltivation  and 
improvement,  lie  made  additional  purchases  of 
land  until  at  one  time  he  was  the  owner  of  7u'i 
acres.  In  18!)0  he  boii^rlit  a  lj(li,000  stock  of 
goods  at  Molalla,  and,  with  his  son,  (I.  \V.,  liu 
has  since  been  ei);{aged  in  merchandiHinn;,  doin|j 
a  successful  business.  Politically,  he  atHliati<s 
with  the  Oemocratic  party. 

.luiie  2y,  185U,  Mr.  Uobbins  niarrii>d  Miss 
Kdill  Harger,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  No- 
vember 4,  1842,  daughter  of  (iiiilford  I',  and 
Martha  Harger.  They  have  hid  eight  chih'.-eii, 
as  follows:  ().  W.,  who  is  married,  a;  o  has 
two  children;  l.ida  Nettie,  now  .Mrs.  W.  i'. 
K'ayler,  living  near  her  jiarents,  and  has  ww 
child;  lph:i  I'.;  Sarah  .Nlarthn;  Mary  Linnie, 
who  died  in  her  sixteenth  year;  Delia  (}.;  Levi 
\V.;  and   Kvermaii. 


^^i^Ja^^^S^*^ 


IM.IAM  SMITH,  an  honored  pioneer 
of  1847,  was  born  in  Ucdding,  Eiig- 
hiiid,  ill  1820,  and  in  1880  emigrated 
with  his  parents  to  .\nieriea,  and  settled  in 
Rochester,  New  York,  remaining  until  1831, 
when  they  removed  to  (hiyahoga  county,  Ohio, 
and  later  to  La  Porto.  Indiana,  rtlr.  Smith  being 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes. 

William  was  educated  in  the  States  of  Ohio 
and  Indiana,  and  crossed  the  plains  in  1847. 
Kitting  ii|)an  ox  team  in  partnership  with  Aaron 
I'urley,  their  journey  was  safely  and  successfully 
accomplished  to  the  Dalles,  where  they  left 
their  wagons  and  oxen  and  subseijuently  lost 
them,  as  the  Indian  war  broke  out  just  then. 
Proceeding  down  the  Columbia  river  they  ar- 
rived at  the  inoutli  of  the  Willamette,  October 
23, 1847.  William  thou  proceeded  to  La  Fayette, 
and  hired  out  as  a  farm  hand.  In  the  fall  of 
1848,  after  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California, 
he  at  once  set  out  for  the  mines,  which  ho 
worked  through  the  winter  with  fair  success, 
but  he  returned  to  Oregon  in  June,  184U,  and 
located  a  donation  claim  in  Lane  county  near 
the  present  site  of  Eugene  City.  There  were 
but  three  houses  in  the  county,  and  those  were 
occupied  by  Eugene  Skinner,  Elijah  Rristow 
and  VVilliam  Dodsoii.  Mr.  Smith  began  fann- 
ing, and  he  and  Ililyard  Shaw  developed  water 
by  canal  from  the  Willamette  rivei",  and  built  a 
siwindl  near  the  present  site  of  the  flour-mill, 
and  thus  began  the  iiiaiiufacturiiig  interests  of 


IttsfOltV    OF   OUKOON. 


Kit 


Enoenu.    Tluiy  condtlfit^  thiM  about  oiio  yuui- 

uiKl  Holil  mil,  liiit  the  iiilliiunct'  (if  tliiit  mill  wiih 
H  luiiding  fiictor  in  tlic  il('\elo|iiii('iit  nf  tiiotown. 
Mr.  Smith  rutiiniud  tii  fiiriiiin^^  itini  wm-kcil  in 
tint  (iiiiry  biiHiiii'hS  witii  the  j^rowtluif  tlic  tiiwii. 
Ill)  cotitiliiiod  tliin  alimit  twenty  yciirn.  lit'  ro- 
niitineil  on  liin  fariii  iiljoiit  tliii'fy  fdiiryi'iiiv,  mid 
tiion  removed  to  town  to  ri-st  fi'oiii  lii«  yeurs  of 
liil)or.  lie  lni8  tiinci'  boIiI  his  fiinii  to  a  reai-estHto 
Byndirate,  who  ha\f  located  the  liu»tlinj5  little 
Hottlonient  of  Kairnioiint  on  it,  within  cany 
aweH8  to  the  State  I'liiverBity,  and  the  larger 
city  of  Ennone.  in  18!tl  Mr.  Smith  Imilt,  his 
present  coinfortahle  residence  on  I'^levontli  stri'et 
near  A  street. 

Mr.  Smith  wuh  iiiarrieii  in  1851  to  Misa  N . 
A.  ijiekey.  daughter  of  William  Ltickey,  a 
iiioneer  of  1850.  They  have  had  four  childrtui: 
linlda,  now  Mrs.  E.  J.  McClanahain;  (teorge, 
Colonel  Freinont,  and  William  11. 

Mr.  Sn;ith  has  followed  an  agrieultiiral  life, 
enjoying  the  respect  of  his  fellow-citizens  and 
tile  esteem  of  all  wlio  know  him. 


§0N.  JOSIAll  C.  NELSON,  who  occupies 
a  position  among  the  front  ranks  of  the 
surviving  early  pioneers  of  Oregon,  crossed 
the  plains  to  the  far  West  in  1844,  and  with- 
out some  mention  of  iir.a  a  history  of  Yam  Hill 
county  would  be  incomplete. 

Josiali  C.  Nelson  was  born  in  Jackson  county, 
Missouri,  May  25,  1827.  Ilis  ancestors  came 
from  England  and  settled  in  the  South  previous 
to  the  Kevolution,  and  were  nartieipaiits  in  the 
struggle  for  independence.  Mr.  N«)lson's  father, 
George  S.  Nelson,  bori.  in  Tennessee,  July  2((. 
1801;  moved  to  Missouri  in  1817.  In  1825  he 
married  Miss  Margaret  Crawford,  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  and  of  their  Hve  children  liorn  in  Mis- 
souri tlie  subject  of  our  sketch  is  the  oldest  son. 
Three  of  this  number  are  still  living.  They  con- 
tinued to  reside  in  Missouri  until  1844,  when 
the  family  made  a  safe  j...:"i"ney  across  the  plains. 
This  trip  was  keenly  enjoyed  by  Josiali,  who  was 
then  about  seventeen  and  was  of  an  adventurous 
and  ambitious  spirit.  The  high  waters  which 
prevailed  that  season  somewliat  retarded  their 
progress,  but  they  liad  plenty  of  grass  for  their 
stock  and  the  delay  cai'-'cJ  no  great  trouble. 
Tiieyarrived  atLinnton,iiow  Multnomah  county, 
November  26,  1844.     One  of  the  children  died 


of  mounliilii  fi'verat  N'iiiii'dim'r.  'i"he\  caiiir  to 
the  'i'ualitin  plains,  near  wlieic  II  lllsbni'ough 
is  now  liicatcd.  and  et'tablii-hed  tlieiiiselve>  In  a 
little  .'aliiii.  This  cabin  had  been  built  the  year 
bei'die  by  a  man  wlm  had  sowcdiilid  harvesteila 
little  wheal  and  planted  some  polii.'nes.  Oiitlie 
whcatand  jiutiitues,  with  (iccasioiuillv  a  deer,  they 
subsisted.  Their  only  way  of  preparing'  the 
wheat  for  food  was  to  rub  it  out  with  tlicir  Imiids 
and  boil  it.  in  this  way  six  ol  them  iiiMnii<;i'd 
to  live  through  llie  winter,  in  the  spring  tli.y 
came  to  the  Chehalem,  valley  and  took  a  dima- 
tion  claim  of  040  acr'js,  located  thi-ee  miles 
northwest  of  where  Newiierg  is  now  situated. 
At  that  time  there  were  eight  families  in  the  val- 
ley, in  six  of  which  uere  liidiiin  or  bill f  breed 
wives.  The  father  resided  on  this  chiiin  until  ISt'S, 
when  he  went  to  i.a  I'ayette,  and  there  spent 
tiie  closing  years  of  his  life,  ills  deulli  occur 
red  DecemberiJII,  1884,  in  his  eighty-third  year. 
His  wife  survived  him  two  years,  liir  death  occur- 
ring April  15,  1880.  They  were  generous  and 
kind-hearted  jieople.  distinguished  for  their  hos- 
pitality, both  friend  and  stranger  always  receiv- 
ing- ^  welcome  at  their  door.  ( )f  their  children 
we  record  that  ('.(i.  Nelson,  reside"  on  a  fiiriii 
in  (irant  county;  T.  i>.  lives  in  \.:\  layette;  one 
daughter  married  Clark  Rogers,  had  a  family, 
and  died  in  I'ortland,  in  1875. 

Jositth  C.  remained  with  his  father  until  iv:.  !. 
He  was  then  married  to  M'  V  \ 

biography  of  her  father,  iji  Lum.  ,.  >  ,i-  i- .if 
1847,   will   be   found  here    in   thi     ^olin  ■ 

After  their  marriagi;  i  \  moved  'u  U:e  dm'',,  Imi 
claim,  where  Mr.  ^  )ii  hits  ,-iiire  i  -ii  -d. 
They  had  two  children  iiiiiiiily:  \;iiii'y 
born  April  2,  1852,  becai. 
Heic 
Wil 

has  a  position  in  the  cusiomnmise  at  I'urlli 
.Vfter  six  year.-  of  hiipjiy  weilded  life,  Mrs.  Nel- 
son was  culled  to  her  last  h<iiiie  in  July  7.  1850 
l'"oiir  years  later,  Nmember  25,  ISOO,  Mr.  Nel- 
son married  Miss  Sarah  Cuii;miiigs,  wlm  has 
since  been  a  faithful  helpmat"  in  all  his  under- 
takings. They  have  had  tivi  children.  Cora 
Alice  died  when  only  three  years  of  age.  The 
others  are  as  follows:  Cornelia  May,  wile  of  A. 
I'.  Fletcher,  a  farmer  near  l.ii  layette;  .Maiy  K., 
wife  of  Thomas  Bryant,  resides  near  her 
father;  Maggie  I,.,  married  i)r.  lloiuei' J .  Lit- 
tletield,  a  |ihysician  of  Newberg;  and  the  only 
son,  Walter  Hugh,  lives  with  his  parents. 

At  one  time,  for  the  period  of  live  years,  Mr, 


lis 
"  1852,  becai.  '■  -:'•.!•■..  C. 
now  a  resident  ol  i  orlland;  and 
iam  AV.,  born  October  17,  1854,  at  present 
a  position   in  the  cusiomnmise  at     I'urllaiid. 


A|)ril 
her,  and  is 


I 


HI 


OH 


iiTSTony  riF  oRKnoH. 


Nclsdii  was  eniraircil  with  lii>  In-otln'riii-law,  \\. 
V.  Hinl,  ill  till!  fri'iiciiii  ijifreliaiidisc  liii.siiiess  at 
I.a  I'ayi'tti'.  The  clioisc  farm  on  wliicli  lie  lives 
i'( III! prises  370  acres.  His  children  liavf  his 
wife  s  ilonation  claim.  The  coiiifortable  frame 
resilience,  in  which  he  resides,  he  hiiilt  in  1862. 
lie  devotes  his  attention  to  general  farm iiiir  and 
stock-raisino,  l<ee|iiiiij  ffraded  cattle  and   horses. 

Mr.  Nelson  has  all  his  life  heeii  a  Democrat. 
He  has  enjoyed  the  cmiiiilence  and  esteem  of  his 
fellow  citizens  and  has  thrice  had  the  honor  of 
lieinjf  elected  to  the  Oreiron  State  Legislature. 
lie  was  first  elected  in  1858,  thus  lieinfr  a  irieni- 
her  of  the  first  l.eirislature  of  the  State,  .\gain 
in  1882  and  in  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  same 
position.  Dnrinir  his  terms  of  service  he  did  all 
in  his  |M)Wer  tor  the  interests  of  his  constitueii-S 
and  the  Static  of  ( )re^'on  at  laiire.  lie  helped  to 
ori_riuii>;e  the  (iraiiire  and  was  for  several  years 
its  Treasurer. 

Diiriiijf  the  (mrly  miniiigdays  on  this  coast,  lie 
wasiiiiioiig  the  first  to  seek  the  gold  fields  of  Cali- 
fornia, lieiiig  one  of  the  Forty-niners.  lie  net 
with  fair  success  for  the  tii'.'e  he  worked,  mit 
|iios|iected  consideralily.  .\t  one  place  he  took 
out  Sot)  worth  of  gold  in  one  hour,  from  the 
ercv  ices  of  a  rock  on  the  Sacramento  river  near 
Jkcdding.  When  he  returneil  to  Oregon  lie 
hroiight  with  him  ahont  $1,()0().  Mr.  Nelson  is 
an  excellent  representative  of  the  big-hearted 
\vliole-8(iiilcd,  generous  pioneer  of  Oregon,  with 
whom  it  is  an  honor  and  a  pleasure  to  he  ac- 
(luainted. 


#H-^«-^^— 


tKNkV  l)l'nolS,  (Hie  of  the  representa- 
tative  farmers  of  Clackamas  county,  re- 
siiling  at  Springwater.  was  horn  in  Xew 
Jersey,  Mnveiiilier  ^o,  ISiil.  His  ancestors 
Were  Krciich  Iliiiiuenots.  who  eiiiisrr!iti'<l  to 
Swit/.crliinil,  and  thence  to  America,  settling  in 
('onuccticiit.  (ircat-gran<iriither  Kdwiird  I)ulioi> 
came  with  the  I'rench  tleet  to  this  conntry,  and 
seived  on  the  side  of  the  colonies  in  the  iJevo- 
hitiiiiiary  war.  His  son,  James  Dubois,  was 
born  in  Connecticut,  niid  James  Dubois'  sou 
Kdwai<l  was  hern  in  lihode  Island.  The  latter 
was  a  sea  captain,  iiiid  nearly  all  the  family  were 
seafaring  men.  liduiird  Dubois  married  Miss 
Annie  Kice,  a  native  of  lllnule  Island,  and  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  and  of  their  seven  children, 
Henry,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  is  the  oldest. 


Mr.  Dubois  was  reared  in  his  iiative  State. 
When  a  cliild  he  made  sea  voyages  with  his 
father.  They  came  around  Cape  Horn,  and 
sailed  both  on  tiie  Pacific  and  Indian  oceans. 
Hi  18o3  he  again  came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  this 
time  on  the  JJenjamin  Rush,  a  Providence  shiji, 
at  that  time  tifty-tliree  years  old.  He  stopped 
at  the  Sandwich  islands,  and  was  there  two 
years.  In  1855  he  landed  at  San  Francisco, 
thence  went  to  Crescent  City,  and  from  there 
came  to  south  Oregon  in  l><5(i. 

It  was  just  at  the  close  of  the  Indian  war 
that  he  came  to  this  State,  and  upon  his  arrival 
at  the  mines  he  traded  a  mule  for  a  miner's 
claim.  He  and  two  others  mined  at  Silver 
I>"gging8,  where  in  five  days  they  took  out 
8100(1.  .\fter  that  the  claim  did  not  jiay  so 
well,  and  he  sold  out  for  $150  in  cash  and  $N00 
in  (ioveinitient  scrip.  They  then  went  up  the 
river  and  took  a  new  claim,  whi'li,  however, 
proved  a  failure,  and  he  sold  nis  scrip  for 
twenty-live  cents  on  the  dollar.  Next,  Mr. 
Dubois  took  a  contract  to  build  the  first  school- 
house  in  the  county,  in  Illinois  valley,  the  di- 
mensions of  which  were  18  .\  25  feet,  and  the  con- 
tract price  8000.  .\fter  that  he  went  to  where 
Kirbyville  is  now  located,  and  built  the  first 
house  there.  Seven  mouths  later  he  went  to 
.larvis,  and  engaged  in  the  carriage  business. 
In  185s  he  opened  a  carriage  and  wagon  shop 
ill  (Jregon  City,  where  he  continued  in  business 
until  18ti4.  While  there  he  received  !{!5(!0  for 
building  a  heavy  freight  wagon,  and  he  co  .id 
have  taken  for  payment  two  lots  on  First  street 
in  Portland,  but  tlecliued  them  in  favor  of  the 
money.  From  Oregon  t!ity  he  came  to  hie 
jiiesent  location  at  Springwater.  Here  he  M.'r- 
cliased  160  acres  of  land,  the  chief  iinjirove- 
ment  on  which  was  a  log  house.  To  this  pur- 
chase he  added  other  lands  until  ho  became  the 
owner  of  iOO  acres,  which  he  ileveloped  into 
one  of  the  tiiiest  farms  in  Clackamas  county, 
building  a  line  residence  and  making  other  sub- 
stantial improvements.  He  has  since  divided 
his  land  with  some  of  his  children,  and  still 
retains  160  acres  for  hiniself 

Mr.  Dubois  was  married  August  30,  ISfiO.  to 
Miss  Malinda  Mattoii,  who  was  born  in  Indi 
ana.  .\ugust  30,  ls:{9,  daughter  of  Able  Mr.t- 
toii.  Her  father  came  with  his  family  to  Ore- 
gon in  1817,  took  a  donation  claim  in  Clacka- 
mas county,  "nd  resided  on  it  for  a  number  of 
years.  He  .inally  retired  from  it  to  Oregon 
Citj  in  1888,  where,  four  years   later,   he   died. 


ntHTonr  of  oumoiV. 


010 


leaving  a  widow,  wlio  is  now  seventy- Hvo  years 
of  ai>y.  lie  was  one  of  the  liiglily  esteemed 
men  of  this  eonnty,  took  an  active  interest  in 
pnl)!ic  affairs,  and  atone  time  served  as  ('oiinty 
Coininissioner.  lie  and  his  wife  had  a  family 
of  twelve  ehildren.  of  whom  nine  are  :  till  liv- 
ing. Mr.  and  Airs.  Ulihois  have  eight  (diildreii, 
■namely:  .lames  M..  William  IJ.,  Charles  K., 
John  P..  Rosa  Mahle,  Annie  M.,  Homer  li., 
and  (ieorge  K. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Dnhois  is  a  liepnblican.  He 
is  well  posted  on  the  general  topics  of  the  day, 
and  is  ranked  with  the  most  enterprising  and 
intelligent  farmers  of  the  county.  Mrs.  Du- 
bois is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Kpisco[)al 
Church. 

fAMES  WILSON  COOlv,  one  of  the  most 
successful  farmers  of  Yam  Hill  county,  and 
an  esteemed  Oregon  j)ioneer  of  1852,  was 
born  in  New  York  iState,  January  30.  1827. 
His  father,  Shirlock  Cook,  was  a  native  of 
Maine,  where  he  was  born  Novendier  1"),  1789. 
He  was  of  English  ancestry.  He  mar]'ie(l  Ma- 
riam  Thurston,  a  native  of  Washington  county, 
New  York,  who  was  born  in  ITlitl.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  .lames  Thurs' on,  of  New  York,  and 
was  of  (ierman  and  English  ancestry.  They  had 
ten  children,  all  but  one  of  whom  attained  ma- 
turity, and  eight  of  whom  are  still  living. 

In  1832  they  rtMiioved  to  Michigan,  then  a 
Territorv,  and  a  wild,  unsettled  country,  where 
the  father  afterward  died,  lamented  by  all  who 
knew  him. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  then  cared  for  the 
family.  ]iaid  the  delits  on  the  farm,  and  in  1852, 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  and  in  1S()1  sent 
for  his  mother,  who  came  and  resided  with  him 
live  years,  and  afterward  lived  with  her  young- 
est daughter  until  her  death,  on  August  18, 
1874.  ageil  .sevi'iity-eight  years.  She  had  been 
a  faithinl  wife  and  ilevoted  mother,  and  had 
lived  a  life  of  conscientious  duty  and  self-renun- 
ciation, and  was  honored  and  esteemed  by  all 
who  knew  her. 

Mr.  Cook  left  I'rauch  county,  Michigan. 
where  lie  had  been  reared,  March  28,  1852.  in 
company  with  a  train  of  sixty  wagons,  the  lady 
whom  he  afterward  married  being  in  the  same 
train.  The  coiii])any  made  a  successful  journey, 
unniarred  by  any  trouble  with  Imliaiis  or  ravages 


of  any  epidemic,  and  spent  the  winter  in  Ore- 
gon. This  was  a  very  severe  season,  and  the 
worn-out  cattle  were  unable  to  endure  the  ex- 
posure, and  coiiseciuenlly  all  died. 

Our  suliject  commenced  life  in  Yam  Hill 
county  in  an  humble  way.  working  liy  the  day 
ill  La  Fayette.  The  following  sumnier  he  drove 
a  stage  lietween  La  Fayette  and  i'ortland,  <'ar- 
rying  the  Tnited  States  mail.  As  niiglit  nat- 
urally bi'  expected,  the  roads  were  in  a  most 
wretciied  condition,  and  entirely  unfit  for  wagons 
or  any  kind  of  vehicles  to  tra\i'rse.  and  he  had 
many  nari'ow  escapes  from  accident  and  death. 
After  a  year  at  stage  dri\  ing  ho  went  to  Wash- 
ington, where  lie  worked  fur  a  man  near  Olyin- 
])ia,  with  whom  he  had  crossed  the  plains. 

He  returned  from  there  in  the  fall,  and  oil 
November  1.  1851.  niarrieii  Miss  Sarah  M.  Olds, 
an  estimable  lady  and  a  native  of  Hranch  coiinty, 
Michigan,  where  he  hail  been  reared.  She  was 
a  daughter  of  the  Honorable  Martin  Olds,  a  na- 
tive of  New  York  State,  and  a  proniineni  pio- 
neer of  Michigan  as  well  as  of  Oregon.  Miss 
Olds'  moti;ev  was  a  Miss  Temperance  I'arker.  a 
native  of  Cayuga  county.  New  York,  where  she 
was  born  in  1804.  Miss  Parker's  father  was 
the  Uev.  Green  I'arker,  a  well-known  l!apti>l 
minister,  and  a  descendant  of  the  celebrated 
divine.  Theodore  I'arker,  of  Boston,  who  stood 
at  the  head  of  modern  rnitarianisin. 

The  ancestor  of  the  Olds'  family,  which  is  a 
large  and  noted  one  in  America,  was  a  rich 
English  merchant,  who  sailed  for  America  with 
a  valuable  <'argo  of  merchandise.  His  ship  and 
goods  were  ca|itureil.  and  he  was  killed  by  (Cap- 
tain Ividd.  Two  of  his  sons  afterward  came  to 
this  country,  and  from  them  come  the  minierous 
and  prominent  family. 

Honorable  Martin  ( Hds  wa>  a  member  nf 
the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Michigan,  and 
aideil  in  forming  the  State  Constitution,  being 
for  many  years  a  proniinent  and  able  nfHcial  of 
that  commonwealth.  In  18.") I  he  crossed  the 
ph'iins  and  settleil  in  Oreoon,  where  he  aideil  in 
the  pulilic  affairs  of  the  Territory,  and  bad  the 
honor  of  aiding  in  forming  the  State  ("onstitii- 
tion. 

He  and  his  wife  had  seven  children,  five  of 
whom  are  still  living,  three  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, and  all  are  tilling  prominent  positions  in 
life. 

He  died  in  Oregon  in  1872,  greatly  lamented 
by  the  State  and  his  family  ami  friends.  Of 
rare   intellectual  powers,    j^iiided    by    the    best 


11 


i>,i' 


1)20 


UIHTUHY    OF    OitKGh]^. 


jii(l<f|iu'iit,  iiiid  all  ^dvi'I'ikmI  liy  motives  oC  tlic 
moi4t  exulted  virtun  find  mornlity,  bo  accotn- 
plislied  a  {^reat  work  for  good,  wliei  ever  lie  went, 
and  like  the  Hiin  pcrnieivted  all  life  and  coiidi- 
tions  with  the  etl'ulgence  of  ids  truth. 

Ilia  faithful  wife  survived  him  twelve  vear«, 
oxjiiring  in  the  midst  of  her  faniilv  find  friends  at 
the  home  of  her  daughte'. ,  Mrs.  J.  W.-Cook,  on 
October  21,  1884,  8ge('  seventy-nine  years  and 
twenty-one  days.  She  had  always  lived  a  lii.! 
of  the  rarest  Christian  virtues,  to  which  8:ic 
added  the  charm  of  a  loving  heart,  all  of  whici. 
endeared  her  to  high  and  low  alike. 

In  1857  the  subject  of  our  sketch  purchased 
his  first  eighty  acres  of  land  in  township  5, 
range  5,  Yam  Hill  county,  on  which  he  con- 
tinued to  reside  nnd  prosper,  making  from  time 
freipient  additio!is  to  his  original  purchase,  until 
he  liecanie  the  owner  of  one  of  the  choicest 
farms  in  Oregon.  On  this  property  he  built  in 
1800  a  large  and  handsome  residence  and  large 
barns  for  Jiis  grain  and  stock,  besides  numerous 
other  modern  improvements  for  the  facilitation 
of  agricultural  pursuits. 

Ill  this  beautiful  home,  re|)lete  with  all  the 
eoinroits  of  life,  a  family  reunion  was  held  on 
March  22,  1884,  on  the  occasion  of  a  visit  of 
Mr.  Martin  Olds,  a  brother  of  Mrs.  Cook's,  who 
was  soon  to  return  to  his  home  in  Michigan. 
This  was  one  of  the  largest  family  gatherings 
evi  r  held  in  the  State,  being  attended  by  friends 
and  ac([uaintances  from  a  great  distance,  and, 
aside  from  the  iinmiiuiit  parting  with  a  brother, 
was  a  most  enjoyaljle  affair.  On  this  occasion 
one  of  the  brotheru,  Mr.  fl.  II.  (  Hds,  delivered  a 
very  interesting  history  of  their  numeous  and 
distinguished  family. 

In  1S88  Mr.  ami  Mrs.  Cook  retired  from  their 
farm,  purchasing  a  fine  residence  in  McMinn- 
ville,  near  the  I'aptist  College,  in  order  that 
their  children  might  have  the  adviititage  of  a 
superior  educrition,  iiid  they  have  since  contin- 
ued to  reside  their. 

They  iiave  had  five  chiidien,  all  of  whom 
were  l>orn  in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  all  reflect 
credit  ori  the  county  and  State  of  their  nativity. 
Meldora  U..  the  ehli'st,  is  now  the  wife  of  A.  E. 
I'lirker,  and  resides  in  Salem;  Wilbur  M.  owns 
a  farm  adjoiuini;  his  father's:  A,  Ut:in  is  now 
on  the  home  farm;  !,ymr,  i  \..  is  p.tteidi;:g  col- 
lege; and  I'.essie  is  at  ho.  .,   with  \vr  ,:■-:    its. 

Mr.  Cook  WHS  one  of  the  organ i.,or»  of  the 
(irange,  of  which  he  was  for  i'.vo  yoars  the  Mas- 
ter,  and    has  also  been   a  member  of  the  State 


(irange.  In  jiolitics  he  has  been  a  Ilepubiicaii 
since  the  organization  of  the  party,  and  was  a 
strong  supporter  of  the  Government  during  the 
late  war. 

He  and  his  faithful  wife  are  worthy  members 
of  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  is  one  of  tlie 
trustees.  He  aided  in  the  building  of  the  Bap- 
tis  College,  by  paying  $500  for  a  scholarship, 
nd  !."  hauled  the  rock  for  tlie  foundation  of 
'.'•    c'^ilege. 

in  forty  years  he  has  risen  to  wealth  and 
h'rl  ,ntB  from  his  former  poor  estate,  all  of 
w!.lch  has  been  acconi])li8lied  by  his  unaided 
efforts,  supplemented  by  the  wonderful  resources 
of  the  irreat  commonwealth  of  Oregon. 


IIOMAS  N.  GRAVES,  a  worthy  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1847,  and  a  prominent  Yam 
Hill  county  farmer,  was  liorn  in  AVarren 
county,  Missouri,  December  4,1831.  Ilisan- 
cestoi's  came  from  Scotland  to  America  long 
previous  to  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  his 
grandfathe]'  (craves  took  part  in  that  struggle. 
His  father.  Jam.?b  B.  Graves,  was  born  in  Vir- 
ginia in  1797  ';nd  his  mother,  nee  Diana  New- 
ton, was  a  -'.ilve  of  Kentucky.  Soon  after 
their  mar'-v.  ge  tl.i'  iioved  to  .Nlissouri.  They 
.  T".!rs  of  nine  children.  The 
t  _hler  cro.:.sed  the  plains  to 
ui.l  in  1847  the  father  and 
Iii!''  -fn  follow(id  tiiem,  land- 
■  I'lfy  after  a  journey  of  si.x 
months.  They  stopjied  two  months  at  the 
present  site  of  McMiniivillc,  and  in  the  mean- 
time looked  for  a  donation  claim.  Selecting  a 
desirable  location  a  mile  west  of  where  Sheri- 
dan has  since  sprung  up,  they  moved  to  it,  and 
this  land  ha.s  ever  since  been  in  the  family.  At 
that  time  there  was  no  place  in  the  whole  Terri- 
tory of  ' 'regoii  worthy  of  the  name  of  village. 
Eveii  >■  ypr.  City,  Milwaukee  and  Portland 
liad  ,.,.'-  '■  itnn  to  be.  the  first  named  having  a 
little  tile  ■■i'<  t  start  and  being  the  principal 
distributii.jj  point  jor  the  Oregon  emigrants. 
Father  (iraves  built  a  log  cabin  on  his  claim — 
a  s(|mire  mile  of  as  beantifiil  and  fertile  land  as 
ever  was  settled  upon  in  any  country.  The 
mother  died  in  March,  1848,  and  the  father 
ufttTward  married  again.  In  1802  he  piirciiased 
a  home  in  Salem,  and  lived  there  until  1807, 
when    his   wife  died.      During    the    remaining 


I" 


liecamc  He 
oldest  sou  nil  !  ''' 
Oregon  in  I'-t-' 
mother  an''  ;! .  ^ 
iiif  ie  Yam  Hill 


nisToiir  OF  ouEGOx. 


031 


ycHi's  of  bis  lifn  he  tniule  liis  homo  with  his 
children.  lie  paased  uway  in  1882,  aged  eijjhty- 
fivf  j'l'ars.  IIi<  was  in  every  respect  an  iionor- 
able  and  npriifjit  man,  and  liis  many  estimable 
traits  of  character  won  for  him  friends  wherever 
he  went.  While  in  Missouri  lie  was  a  niemlier 
of  the  .State  Militia.  In  1849  lie  was  elected  to 
the  Territorial  Legislature  of  Oregon,  in  which 
honorahle  hody  he  served  with  marked  aliility. 

Thomas  N.  Graves  was  the  tifth  child  of  this 
honored  pioneer,  and  was  si. \ teen  years  of  age 
when  he  arrived  in  Oregon.  He  remained  (m 
liisi  father's  (h)iiatioii  claim  two  years,  lie  then 
selected  a  claim  of  his  own  and  lived  on  it  a 
part  of  the  time  for  two  years.  In  1852,  when 
in  his  twenty-first  year,  he  married  Miss  Ma- 
rinda  M.  Bewley,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  born 
in  1833.  Her  father,  John  Hewley,  and  his 
family  came  to  Oregon  in  1847.  After  his 
marriage  Mr.  (J raves  at  once  settled  on  his 
farm.  By  honest  industry  a\u\  good  manage- 
ment he  was  prospered  in  his  undertakings,  and 
as  the  years  rolled  by  was  enabled  to  purcliase 
other  lands.  lie  now  owns  a  good  liome  and 
450  acres  of  choice  farming  land. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Graves  have  eleven  children 
and  eight  grandchildren.  The  names  of  the 
former  are  as  follows:  Henry  11.,  a  iiardware 
merchant  and  the  Postmaster  of  Sheridan ;  Eu- 
gene M.,  a  student  in  the  Michigan  State  Uni- 
versity; Charles  N.,  in  central  Washington; 
Walter  F.  and  Edwanl  B.,  Tillamook  county, 
Oregon;  Laura  C,  wife  of  Charles  Whitmar, 
resides  in  East  Portland;  Nellie  D.,  wife  of 
Eugene  C.  Chapman,  lives  in  Michigan;  and 
Lewis  J..  Mary  C,  Wilbert  T.  and  Bertha  II., 
all  at  home  with  their  parents. 

Politically,  Mr.  Graves  is  a  Republican.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  County  Commissioner,  and 
served  one  term  of  two  years,  lie  is  a  man  of 
the  strictest  integrity,  has  a  large  circle  of 
friends,  and  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all 
who  know  him.  Mrs.  Graves  is  a  member  of 
the  First  C'ongregational  Church  at  Sheridan. 

I.VPTAIN  FUANCIS  II.  WEST,  of  Port- 
land, Oregon,  was  born  at  Frcderickslmrg, 
Virginia,  June  10,  1832.  The  first  of  the 
fiiniily  in  America  was  William  West,  who  be- 
ciune  a  (Jolonel  and  Quartermaster  in  the  Kevo- 
liitioiiary  army.     Ills  son,    Francis    West,   was 


also  a  warm  patriot,  and  contributed  $25,000  to 
the  cause  of  lil>orty.  He  married  Mary  Nixon, 
and  their  soti  was  Lieutenant  John  West,  of  the 
['nited  States  Navy,  and  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  thus  making  him  the 
great-grandson  of  Colonel  John  .Nixon,  of  Phila- 
delphia, that  ardent,  active  and  most  etlicient 
friend  of  America  in  the  '-".evolutiiinary  strug- 
gle. He  was  with  his  regi  neni  at  the  battle  of 
Long  Island,  ami  wintered  at  Valley  Forge. 
He  also  had  the  honor  of  being  the  first  reader 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  on  the 
12th  of  Julyrl776,  to  the  people  assembled  in 
Independence  square.  This  he  did  I'rom  the 
central  window  of  the  State  house,  fronting  the 
square.  The  old  Liberty  bell  (on  which  had 
been  inscribed  123  years  before,  these  propluitic 
words:  "  I'roclaim  liberty  throughout  all  the 
land  and  unto  the  inhabitants  thereof")  was 
tolled  while  he  read.  The  country  scat  of 
Colonel  Nixon  was  burned  by  the  Britisii.  lie 
served  as  the  first  of  the  two  directors  of  the 
Bank  of  Pennsylvania,  (>stablished  in  1780  for 
supplying  t!ie  army,  and  gave  as  a  personal  gift 
£5,000  for  that  purpose.  He  was  president  of 
the  Bank  of  North  America,  founded  in  the  olil 
Bank  of  Pciinsylvania,  until  the  time  of  his 
death. 

Lieutenant  John  West  married  Mary  C.  E. 
Holt,  of  Norfolk,  Virginia,  and  they  had  three 
children:  Francis  II.;  Elizabeth  Page,  deceased 
wife  of  Hon.  Bobert  M.  Thom|)8on,  of  Califor- 
nia; and  Mary,  wife  of  Frank  P.  Thompson,  of 
the  same  State. 

Captain  West  was  edncate(l  at  the  Fairfax 
Institute  an<l  Norfolk  Military  Academy.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  appointed  .\id  on  the 
United  States  (-oast  Survey,  and  on  the  lOtb  of 
January,  18(9,  sailed  from  New  York  in  the 
United  States  schooner  Ewing,  for  the  Pitcitio 
coast,  arriving  at  San  Francisco  on  the  ;)lst  of 
July  of  the  same  year.  Two  vears  later,  u|)on 
the  outbreak  of  the  Rogue  River  Indians  in 
southern  Oregon,  Captain  We,-r  voliintcereil  hij 
services,  ami  sjieiit  the  summer  and  fall  of  18r)l 
in  the  hostile  country.  In  the  following  year 
he  visited  the  East  Indies  and  the  AtlaMti(^ 
States,  returning  to  California  in  185:i,  liy  way 
of  Panama.  For  a  time  he  was  in  command  of 
the  United  States  Coast  Survey  steamer  Aclivit, 
and  also  served  in  the  Northwestern  Boundary 
Commission.  In  1859  he  tirok  command  of  the 
United  States  Lighthouse  lender  Shubriek,  liciiig 
well   suited  to  that   responsible   position,  from 


fi 


032 


IITSTORY    OF    OIlEdON. 


liis  fiitiiiliiii'ity  with  tlic  wliolc  I'ucific  i;oast. 
wliicli  liib  experience  in  previous  surveys  liiul 
given  liini. 

In  1807  Captiiin  AVest  became  a  |ierinaneiit 
resilient  of  I'ortland.  Oregon,  liaviii<;  received 
from  Colonel  I!.  S.  WilliainKon,  United  States 
Knirineer.  the  appointment  of  superintendent  of 
the  Willamette  river  improvement.  He  served 
with  f^reat  satisfaction  in  this  jiosition  until  the 
sprinj;  of  1873,  wlien  iu-  resioticd  to  ac(!e])t  the 
position  of  6U|ierintendent  of  the  locks  at  Ore- 
jroii  City.  In  1883,  liy  ri'ason  of  the  continued 
ill  health  of  iiis  family,  he  removeil  to  Portland, 
where  he  has  since  continuously  resided.  In 
1808  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  ilary 
Sophia  S^'one,  daughter  of  Louis  E.  Stone,  of 
.Iftiiefiville,  Wisconsin.  Two  son.s  were  horn  to 
them:  Wharton  L.  and  ^^•ancis  J.  The  Cap- 
tain is  a  Democrat  in  sympathy,  '  ut  indepen- 
dent in  political  matters.  He  is  a  inemlier  of 
the  Society  of  (California  I'ioneers,  the  Oreijon 
Pioneer  Association,  the  Indian  War  Veterans, 
and  has  heen  for  many  years  a  faithful  and 
honored  memlier  of  tlie  Vestry  of  St.  David's 
Kpiscopal  Church. 

lie  is  a  typical  Virginia  gentleman,  alfahle, 
courteous,  sympathetic  and  lienevolent.  He  is 
named  only  to  he  praised  hy  a  large  and  devoted 
circle  of  friemls.  Mis  lieautifnl  home  on  tlie 
Kast  Side,  presided  over  hy  a  wife  as  lovely  and 
genial  as  himself,  is  noted  for  a  hospitality  as 
truly  delifihtful  as  it  is  rare. 


fOLONEL  THOMAS  U.  CORNELIUS,  a 
prominent  Oregon  jiioneer  of  184"),  was 
liorn  in  Howard  county.  Missouri,  on  the 
15th  of  November,  1827.  His  father,  Henjamin 
Cornelius,  was  horn  in  Kentucky,  his  father 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  State,  havinj^ 
moved  from  South  (Carolina.  The  family  had 
its  origin  in  Scotland,  and  came  to  this  country 
early  in  its  history.  The  (Colonel's  father  mar- 
ried, in  1S21.  Miss  Elizabeth  Adams,  of  Ken- 
tncky,  and  the  dauj^hter  of  Thomas  Adams,  of 
the  same  State  and  of  Irish  ancestry.  They 
had  ten  cliildren.  The  ddonel  was  the  eldest 
of  the  family.  His  father  emigrated  to  Mis- 
souri and  was  a  farmer  there,  and  he  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1815.  He  located  with 
his  family  on  (i-K)  acres  of  land  four  miles  north 
pf  Cornelius,     Here  he  built  his  log  cabin  and 


resided  until  his  death,  honored  and  respected. 
He  died  in  1804.  His  wife  surviveil  him  thir- 
teen years. 

The  Colonel  was  in  his  eighteenth  year  when 
he  arrived  in  the  wihls  of  Oi'egon  Territory. 
He  was  a  large,  good-looking,  intelligent  young 
man,  full  of  life  and  activity.  He  resided  with 
his  father  until  he  became  of  age,  and  then  took 
up  a  donation  claim  adjoining  ., is  father.  Ho 
.settled  OTi  this  an<l  improved  it,  and  he  still 
owns  that  first  farm.  As  soon  as  the  news  of 
the  massacre  of  Dr.  Whitman  and  others  reached 
Mr.  Cornelius,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  a 
company  then  organized  and  furnished  his  own 
horse  and  e(]uipments.  He  fought  five  battles 
with  the  Indians,  who  were  well  armed  and 
numerous,  and  he  was  promoted  to  First  Ser- 
geant. At  last  the  Indians  were  compelled  to 
come  to  terms.  Soon  after  his  return  the  gold 
discoveries  in  California  took  him  overland  to 
that  State.  He  went  in  1848  and  mined  on  the 
American  fork,  the  Mokelumne  and  on  the  Stan- 
islaus, and  met  with  fair  success,  one  time  tak- 
ing out  §300  in  a  single  day.  In  the  fall  of 
1849  he  returned  to  his  home  and  i-emained 
with  his  father  during  the  winter,  and  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1850,  married  Florentine  Wilks,  of  In- 
diana, the  daughter  of  Peyton  Wilks.  They 
had  crossed  the  plains  in  the  same  train,  and 
her  father  also  settled  in  Washington  county. 
Soon  after  their  marriage  they  began  house- 
keeping on  the  claim,  anil  ho  ct)ntinued  to  reside 
thi're  until  1871.  In  1855,  when  the  second 
Indian  war  broke  out,  Mr.  Cornelius  was  again 
on  hand  ami  enlisted  in  Company  D  of  Wash- 
ington County  \'olunteers.  He  was  elected 
Ca|)tain  of  his  company.  They  crossed  the 
Cascade  moimtains  and  joined  the  others  at  the 
Dalles.  The  regiment  was  under  the  command 
of  Colonel  Nesmith.  He'  was  engaged  again 
against  the  Indians,  and  Cajjtain  Cornelius 
showed  his  courage  and  pluck  in  many  ways. 
He  made  a  fine  record  for  himself.  At  one 
time  he  and  Phil  Shensher  were  f(;nt  on  an  ex- 
pedition together  and  they  succeeded  in  rout- 
ing the  India!>8  every  time.  At  another  time 
he  ran  his  men  all  .light  until  three  in  the 
morning  to  relieve  Colonel  l\elly,  who  was  sur- 
rounded by  the  Indians,  and  they  were  com- 
jielled  to  withdraw.  ,\s  Colonel  Nesmith  re- 
signed and  the  (iovei'uor  ordered  an  election, 
one  was  lielil  at  which  ("Captain  CJornelins  was 
elected  Colonel.  Lieutenant-(Jolonel  Kelly  had 
been  elected  to  the  Territorial  (.'ouneil,  and  as 


OF    OllKGON. 


'.13:1 


suoii  !i8  Mr.  Cornulius  liad  l)ceii  electiMl  lie  left 
to  fill  his  seat  in  that  body  at  Salem.  Major 
Gliiii,  who  was  the  senior  officer  of  tlic  i-i'i;i- 
inent  that  Colonel  K'clly  iiad  uonimanded,  woiilil 
not  admit  that  Colonel  Cornelius  had  any  right 
to  take  coiiunand  until  he  had  received  hisconi- 
niission  from  the  Governor,  altlionn;h  he  had 
his  certificate  of  election.  Colonel  Corncliu.s 
did  not  fake  any  action,  Init  continued  in  com- 
mand of  his  company,  and  the  regiment  did 
not  nio\e  until  Fehruary,  when  the  commission 
arrived  with  orders  to  prepare  for  a  campaign 
in  the  Snake  river  and  Pehisa  country.  They 
took  uji  their  line  of  march  on  the  1st  of  March. 
From  spies  ho  sent  forward  he  found  that  the 
Indians  were  on  the  opposite  side  of  Snake 
river.  They  made  six  boats  to  carry  ten  men 
each  and  carried  them  to  the  river  on  wagons. 
When  they  ai'rived  at  the  river  the  Indians 
came  out  m  strong  force,  but  when  they  saw 
the  men  crossing  in  the  boats  they  left,  and  by 
the  time  the  river  was  crossed  the  Indians  were 
out  of  sight.  They  kept  up  a  I'unning  fight 
for  twelve  miles,  when  the  Indians  stood  and 
fought.  A  few  pack  horses  were  the  only  cap- 
tures of  any  consecjuence.  Colonel  Cornelius 
retired  to  the  Smike  river  and  there  took  up  the 
line  of  march  for  the  I'elusa  valley.  They 
were  out  of  sujjplies  and  were  ex|)ecting  a  snp- 
]dy  trai!i  daily,  but  it  did  not  arrive,  so  he  sent 
an  expedition  to  find  out  when  they  woidd  have 
the  needed  supjilies.  The  melting  snow  had 
unide  the  river  very  high  and  the  Colonel  went 
down  to  the  river  to  see  that  they  got  across  all 
right.  They  gathered  cedar  rails  that  had 
drifted  down  the  river  and  tied  them  together 
with  ropes,  and  so  were  al)le  to  cross  in  safety. 
On  the  other  side  they  discovered  a  drove  of 
forty  Indian  horses,  and  they  drove  them  across 
the  river.  The  Colonel  with  a  heliier  ilrove 
them  to  ciimp  and  they  were  killed,  and  on 
them  the  soldiers  subsisted  until  the  supplies 
arrived.  There  was  an  attempt  to  get  the  men 
dissatisfied  with  their  commanding  officer  by 
the  Democrats,  as  it  was  the  policy  agreed  upon 
by  that  party  in  the  Legislature  to  have  only 
those  in  command  who  were  Democrats.  A 
pl'i'-  was  made  to  break  the  command  and  for  a 
number  of  the  new  recruits  to  return  to  tlie 
Dalles.  When  Colonel  Cornelins  became  aware 
of  it  he  |)araded  the  regiment  and  made  a 
speeeli  to  them.  He  was  followed  by  ^lajor 
Curl,  who  headeil  ttk  '-i-^urgentN,  Colonel  Kelly 
im<l  Major  IS,  A,  Cornoyerof  the  first  Imttaiion, 


who  wore  friends  a  id  8uj)porf(>rs  of  (Colonel 
Cornelius.  They  thi'U  called  ujion  (ieorge  K. 
Shilds,  a  lawyer  and  a  recruit,  ami  to  their  sur- 
prise he  denounced  the  coiirx'  that  had  hecii 
taken,  .\fter  tlii-  the  regiment  was  di>miss('il. 
Major  Cui'l  soon  i'cinnd  that  Ik^  had  110  backini^, 
and  a  campaign  was  a^reeil  upon  that  resulted 
ill  the  success  of  the  volunteers  au<l  the  defeat 
of  the  Indians  and  the  war  was  ended.  Space 
does  not  permit  of  a  lengthened  account  of  the 
two  wars,  but  all  that  can  be  adiled  is  that 
Colonel  Cornelius  distinguished  himself  in  both 
wars,  and  won  a  record  that  he  may  well  feel 
proud  of. 

After  retiring  from  the  war  in  lS.")(i,  Colonel 
Cornelins  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, and  was  elected  each  succeecling  year 
until  he  had  served  twenty  years  in  the  Senate, 
and  was  twice  elected  I'reiideut  of  that  body; 
was  thus  connected  with  the  enactnient  of  tlio 
legislation  of  that  important  period  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  young  >tate  and  dnriiig  the  trying 
time  of  the  civil  war,  and  such  were  his  opin- 
ions that  he  is  recorded  as  haviiitt  taken  the 
right  side  on  all  the  great  (questions  that  came 
up  at  that  time.  It  is  glory  enough  for  one 
lire  time  to  be  aliie  t:>  point  to  the  great  com- 
monwealth of  Oregon  and  be  alile  to  say,  "150- 
hold  the  noble  work  In  which  1  ha\e  had  the 
honor  and  privilege  to  partici])ate."  In  18111 
ho  received  the  apjwintmeiit  from  I'resident 
hincoln  to  raise  a  regiment  of  Oregon  volun- 
teer caxalry  in  Oregon  for  service  in  behalf  of 
the  country,  with  orders  to  report  to  the  adjn- 
tsnt-general  at  Washingtfin.  This  he  accom- 
plished and  expected  to  join  General  Haker  at 
the  front,  but  he  was  killed  at  Hull's  I'lnfl',  and 
as  all  the  regidar  army  was  taken  from  Oregon, 
Colonel  Cornelius  with  his  men  was  assjirued  to 
service  on  the  coast,  looking  after  the  Indians 
and  otluT  enemies  <if  the  country.  While  sta- 
tioned at  Walla  Walla,  in  the  latter  jiart  of  the 
year  IsOS,  he  resigned,  and  returning  home, 
turned  his  attention  to  farming,  lie  has  been 
very  successful  in  this,  ami  has  added  to  his 
farm  until  he  now  has  1. ;{()()  acres  of  land.  In 
1871  ho  built  his  grain  warehoiist ,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  the  railroad  wa--  completed  and  the 
coinpuny  named  the  station  ( 'oiMiclius.  Ilen^ 
he  has  been  engaged  in  merchandisinj^  and  in 
the  purchasing  and  shipping  of  proiluce.  He 
has  built  a  ci-eamery  and  makes  butter  and 
cheese,  keeping  15(1  cows  for  that  purpose.  lie 
also  buys  some  milk.     Another  enterprise  that 


Ill  i 


ill 


R'l' 


034 


IIISTOUY    OF    OREQON. 


lie  cMf^iiiiCiI  in  was  tlic  biiililiiifj  of  n  sawmill, 
with  a  ('a|KUMty  III'  iio^OOd  feet  of  liiiiilier.  He 
is  a  nu'iiilicrand  Trustee  of  tiu»  Methodist  Cluireh, 
mid  lias  iieeii  a  stanch  Uepiihlicaii  ever  siiiee  the 
organization  of  the  party,  lie  had  six  children 
liy  his  first  wife.  One  died  when  6eveii  years 
old,  and  the  others  are:  I'enjaiiiin  1'.;  Elizaheth, 
now  Mrs.  George  II.  Shaw;  Thomas  Scott; 
Olive  inarricd  Mr.  Alexander  Coiicher;  and 
Floreiitiiie  is  the  wife  of  Mrs.  ('.  C.  Ilandcock. 
He  has  twenty  frrandeliildren  and  his  daughter 
Olive  haB  triplets. 

Mrs.  Cornelius  died  in  18(i4,  and  two  years 
later  lie  married  Miss  Missouri  Smith,  of  Illi- 
nois, and  the  daughter  of  IJeverend  Wiiriam  E. 
Smith,  a  Methodist  minister.  Mrs.  Cornelius 
has  lieen  a  faithful  helpmate,  takinjf  a  dei^p 
interest  in  her  hnshand's  afiairs.  She,  too,  is  a 
meniher  uf  the  Methodist  Church. 


^-^^i^ 


< 


IK. MAS  V.  OSiUJKX.  Well  known  and 
lighly  respected  amonir  the  husinesB  men 
of  Portland,  was  born  in  St.  Louis,  Mis- 
souri, .Vugust  ".28, 1848.  Losing  his  father  in  in- 
fancy, he  was  reared  upon  the  farm  of  his  uncle, 
David  Miller,  near  Westtield,  New  Jersey,  and 
his  education  was  obtained  at  the  little  country 
Bchoolhouse.  Through  the  death  of  his  uncle, 
and  the  breakinir  up  of  the  family,  in  18G4, 
vounir  Osborn  struck  out  for  himself  by  joining 
a  company  of  young  peojile  bound  for  California. 
Tliev  left  St.  l-ouis  on  the  Tnion  Pacific,  and 
went  to  its  terminus  in  Nebraska,  then  took 
horses  to  the  terminus  of  the  Central  Pacific 
and  thence  by  rail  to  Sacramento,  where  the 
subject  of  this  notice  secured  employment  in  the 
railroad  car  shops,  lie  coi-.tinned  there  until 
18t)8  when,  unable  to  stay  tlu'i-e  any  longer  on 
account  of  illness,  he  went  to  San  Francisco  for 
a  change  of  climate,  lint  by  the  first  overland 
train  across  the  continent  he  returned  to  his 
fainilv  in  New  Jersey.  He  then  went  to  Vir- 
irinia  aiiii  with  an  uncle  erected  a  flour  mill  at 
Amherst  tJourthouse,  which,  during  their  occu- 
pancy, was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  he  suffered 
gcvew  loss. 

He  was  married  in  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
March  28,  1872,  to  .AHss  Ella'  F.  Ileylierger. 
They  then  settled  at  Toledo.  Ohio.  I'eing  a 
natural  mechanic  Mr.  ( )sl)orn  took  up  the  carpen- 
ter trade,  and  soon  after  began  contractii  ^  and 


building  very  successfully  and  profitably  until 
1874,  when,  through  thc^  failure  of  a  party  for 
whom  Mr.  Osburn  was  building,  the  latter  lost 
all  that  he  had  saved.  Notwithstanding  this,  ho 
continued  business  until  1877,  when  he  started 
with  his  wife  and  two  children  for  California, 
arriving  there,  in  San  Francisco,  with  earnest 
resolutions,  but  only  SIO  in  cash.  However,  he 
soon  found  employment,  and  at  S3  a  day.  This, 
after  the  80  cents  a  day  he  had  received  at 
Toledo,  seemed  to  him  like  riches.  He  contin- 
ued his  trade  for  two  years,  and  in  1879  set  the 
machinery  in  the  factory  of  Neville  &  Co^  man- 
ufacturers of  bags  and  tents,  and  then  began 
work  for  them  in  running  a  press  for  the  print- 
ing of  paper  and  nloth  bags.  In  1880  he  began 
traveling  for  them  through  the  Coast  States  as 
salesman,  and  in  the  year  1883  he  settled  in  Port- 
land to  look  after  the  firm  interests  as  connected 
witb  the  hoL'se  of  W.  C.  Noon  &  Co.,  which  was 
the  largest  establish'-aent  in  that  line  north  of 
San  Francisco.  Remaining  with  the  firm  until 
September,  1891,  Mr.  Osborn  then  withdrew  to 
engage  in  the  sale  of  building  materials.  He  is 
now  the  sole  agent  of  the  Hopkins  &  Dickinson 
Manufacturing  Company,  of  New  York,  manu- 
facturers of  trimming  hardware,  and  also  repre- 
sents other  leading  manufacturers  of  pressed 
brick,  roofing,  elevators,  tiles,  sheathing,  heating 
and  other  specialties,  carrying  a  large  stock  in  his 
warehouse. 

He  was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Hoard  of  Trade 
of  Portland  in  1889.  With  great  enthusiasm  he 
began  to  increase  the  membership,  and  then  ad- 
vocated incorporating  it  under  the  name  of 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  which  was  done  in  1890, 
and  he  was  elected  the  first  president.  Through 
his  personal  efforts  and  influence  a  convention 
was  held  in  September,  1890,  composed  of  dele- 
gates from  the  several  Hoards  of  Trades  through- 
out the  State,  and  a  State  Board  of  Commerce 
was  organized,  who  elected  Mr.  Osborn  as  their 
first  President.  At  the  annual  meeting  in  1891 
he  was  unanimously  re-elected,  and  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  he  was 
re-elected,  and  again  re-elected  at  the  annual 
meeting  in  J  "iie,  1892.  Mr.  Osborn  was  instru- 
mental in  the  erection  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce building,  and  tj  him  was  the  honor  ac- 
corded of  laying  the  corner  stone  January  1, 
1892.  For  tour  years  he  was  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  Oregon  State  Board  of  Immi- 
gration: he  is  a  director  of  the  Northwest  Loan 
and   Trust   Company,   incorporator    and  vice- 


HISTOltY    OF    ORKaoy. 


»3S 


presidimt  of  tlio  lliiited  Bank  Huilding  Com- 
pany and  incorporator  and  director  uf  tlie  Com- 
monwealth Banking  and  Investmunt  Company. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Osborn  liave  five  diildren,  viz: 
William  IT.,  Fanny  L.,  Ella  F.,  Thomas  F.,  Jr. 
and  Neville.  Mr.  Osborn  is  no  political  ottice- 
Beeker,  and  is  only  active  so  far  as  pertains  to 
city  and  State  development,  lie  was  chairman 
of  the  citizens'  movement  which  was  snccess- 
fully  conrtnininated  in  June,  1891.  Ho  was  also 
active  in  the  movement  which  consolidated  tlie 
city  of  Portland,  and  in  gcttinjT  the  bill  passed 
by  the  Legislature  creating  the  Port  of  Portland, 
thus  enabling  the  citizens  to  develop  a  channel 
twenty-five  feet  deep  from  Portland  to  tlie  sea. 
Mr.  Osborn  is  deeply  interested  in  the  commer- 
cial interests  of  Oregon,  and  with  his  enthusiasm 
and  executive  ability  is  an  able  advocate  of  every 
measure  toward  city  or  State  development. 

IRANVILLE  C.  lilDFli,  an  eminent  citi- 
zen and  pioneer  of  Forest  (irove,  Oregon, 
is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  where  he  was 
born  January  18, 1835.  His  father,  John  Rider, 
was  born  in  Georgia,  and  died  when  his  son, 
(xranville,  was  only  one  year  of  age. 

The  subject  of  o\ir  sketch  was  reared  prin- 
cipally in  Missouri,  and  being  the  youngesi  of 
the  family  remained  with  his  mother,  and  while 
still  very  young  began,  together  with  an  older 
brother,  the  management  of  the  farm,  not  only 
caring  for  himself  but  also  for  his  mother  from 
the  time  he  was  a  mere  boy.  ft  is,  perhaps, 
mainly  due  to  this  fact  that  ho  acquired  that 
decision  of  character  and  good  judgment  which 
has  characterized  him  in  later  years.  In  1852 
his  mother  went  to  live  with  an  older  brother 
of  our  subject,  whore  she  continued  until  her 
death  in  1889,  at  the  venerable  ago  of  eighty- 
four  years.  She  was  a  woman  of  rare  intelli- 
gence and  mental  attainments,  possessing  many 
beautiful  traits  of  character,  and  was  much 
lamented  by  all  who  knew  her. 

In  1852  the  subject  of  our  icetch  drove  an 
ox  team  across  the  plains,  and  ame  nearly  all 
the  way  on  foot.  Soon  after  beginning  the  jour- 
ney, cholera  became  epidemic  in  the  train  and 
toward  the  close  of  their  trip,  many  had  the 
scurvy,  caused  from  the  continuous  salt  diet. 
Many  died  of  the  cholera,  and  it  was  a  serious 
time  for  all,  but  Mr.  Rider,  owing,  perhaps,  to 

BS 


his  unbounded  vigor  and  superb  constitution, 
the  results  of  his  early  lilc  and   trfiining,  sur 
vived,  without  experiencing  any    very    serious 
results. 

Arriving  at  Portland,  tiiankful  for  having 
gone  through  safely  the  long  and  perilous  jour- 
ney, and  with  a  soul  full  of  hope  for  the  future, 
he  at  once  secured  IfiO  acres  of  (Toveriiiuent  land 
in  Washington  county,  where  he  built  a  cabin, 
and  continued  to  reside  until  he  (obtained  a  title. 
He  paid  for  it  $2811,  and  afterward  sold  it  for 
SfiOO,  and  it  has  since  attained  the  value  of 
$8,000.  After  this  Mr.  Rider  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  cabinet-making,  wliicii  business  he  fol- 
I'Wed,  until  forced  by  hard  times  to  discontinue 
I!.  Ilis  next  venture  was  conducting  the  Moni- 
to  •  Hotel,  located  at  tlu'  foot  of  Morrison  street, 
opposite  the  St.  Cha'-les  Hotel,  in  what  is  now 
the  famous  city  of  Portland.  After  conducting 
this  for  a  year,  he  eiiijagcd  in  the  furniture 
business  with  Kmil  Loewenstein,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Kmil  l.oewenstein  &  (Jo.,  remaining  iu 
that  occu])ation  for  five  years,  lie  then  began 
business  on  his  own  account,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued for  a  couple  of  years,  when  he  sold  out, 
and  worked  for  two  years  for  I'urchard  & 
Powers.  After  this  he  was  for  two  years  in  the 
real-estate  business  in  Portland,  and  later  in  the 
restaurant  business,  which  latter  occupation  he 
continued  successfully  until  1890.  lie  first 
cond\icted  the  Aurora  Restaurant,  an<l  afterward 
was  ill  charge  of  the  Morning  Star,  later  the 
Baldwin,  then  the(iilman,aiiil,  lastly,  tlu;  Magno- 
lia, in  which  latter  institution  he  still  retains  his 
interest. 

In  1890  he  came  to  Forest  (irove,  where  Ik^ 
comiuence<l  the  erection  of  a  handsome  ivs- 
idence  on  one  of  the  choicest  fmir-acre  blocks 
in  the  city,  which  he  ha<l  purchaxMl  a  number 
of  years  before.  In  the  cDnstrnction  of  the 
house,  he  has  spared  neither  money  nor  skill, 
while  the  trrounds  evince  the  bestowal  of  much 


care  and  taste 


tli(^  disnosing   of  ornamental 


trees,  tiowering  plants  and  inviting  retreats 
from  the  sun's  too  ardent  rays.  Tlu*  place, 
altogether,  is  suggestive  of  comfort  and  refine- 
ment, and  is  certainly  an  inviting  place,  in  which 
to  rest  from  the  arduous  and  unintermittent 
labors  of  a  lifetime, 

Mr.  Rider  was  married  in  February,  1801,  to 
Miss  Mary  Hlleii  Wcstfall,  a  native  of  Iowa,  and 
a  danghterof  Cornelius  and  Kllcii  Westfall,  jiio- 
neersof  1852  to  Oregon.  They  had  two  l)eantifiil 
and  intelligent  children,  Nancy  Ellen,  aged  eight 


I 


I 


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ii  i-a 


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4 
I6J 

g!6 


niSrORT    OF    ORKGON. 


and  John  CnrncliuH,  ai;eil  five,  wlio  mot  with  a 
fatal  accident  wiiilc  |)hiyiii^  in  a  paint  shop, 
wiiero  tiiey  wem  piiisoncd  hy  leaii,  i)otii  dying 
within  twelve  days.  In  tiiisj^reat  and  cnishing 
afflictiim,  tlie  hdrcaviMJ  jjarents  had  tlio  dcepei-t 
sympathy  ot'  the  (-itizens  of  I'ortland,  and  all 
that  human  thought  conld  8ugij;i'Ht, or caiv could 
do  to  alleviate  tlicir  sulfering,  was  done  by  a 
kind-hearted  conimunity. 

Mr.  liider  i)ecaine  a  Republican  upon  the 
organization  of  that  party,  and  in  the  early  days 
of  this  State  took  an  active  part  in  its  proceed- 
ings, lie  was  one  of  the  lirst  Uepublieans  in 
Oregon,  antl  assisted  in  raising  the  Ilepublican 
pole  in  Washington  county  in  1^(12,  and  was  a 
strong  Union  man  at  the  time  of  the  war. 

lie  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  A.  O.  U. 
W.,  and  has  held  all  the  offices  in  the  subordi- 
nate lodge.  He  has  been  Deputy  Grand  Master 
of  the  State,  and  for  some  lime  was  Grand  hect- 
nrer  of  this  commonwealth.  lie  was  instru- 
mental in  instituting  many  of  the  lodges  of  this 
State.  The  cause  is  a  worthy  one,  and  be  has 
rendered  it  valuable  aid  in  many  ways. 

He  and  his  faithful  wife  are  held  in  very 
great  esteem  in  Forest  (-irove  on  account  of 
their  many  admirable  virtues  and  kindly  man- 
ners. 


fACKSON  De  LETTS,  an  Indian-war  vet- 
eran and  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852,  now 
residing  at  Beaverton,  Washington  couiity, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Ohio,  January  9,  18B7. 
His  father,  Aqnilla  De  Letts,  a  native  of 
France,  came  to  America  when  a  young  man, 
and  hero  followed  the  occupation  of  farming 
and  stock-raising;  and  his  mother,  nee  Elizabeth 
Heard,  was  also  a  native  of  that  country.  They 
resided  in  Maryland,  then  in  Virginia,  and  later 
in  Ohio,  and  had  a  family  of  eight  children. 
The  father  died  in  the  seventy-eighth  year  of 
his  age,  July  24,  1841,  and  the  mother  died 
when  in  her  sixtieth  year.  She  was  a  Presby- 
terian. 

Mr.  De  Letts  was  in  his  twenty-first  year 
when  he  started  across  the  plains  for  Oregon, 
March  20,  1852,  and  after  a  safe  journey  of  five 
and  a  half  months,  arrived  at  his  destination. 
First  he  stopped  at  Grande  Konde,  then  went  to 
Oregon  City,  and  from  there  directed  his  course 
toward  the   mines,     At  A'  ■  >HRe  mines  he  re- 


maiiu<d  two  months.  Everything  was  high,  salt 
sold  at  $1()  a  pound,  aiul  he,  soon  tiring  of  the 
life  of  a  miner,  went  to  Scoltsburg,  wliere  ho 
kept  a  hotel  a  year  and  a  half.  Next  wo  find 
him  at  the  Randolph  mines,  keeping  a  hotel 
and  saloon;  reraaineil  there  fifteen  months. 
During  this  time  he  also  miiusd  on  the  beach 
and  in  the  gulch,  and  did  well,  but  the  Indian 
war  came  on,  the  red  men  were  desperate,  and 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  and  his  party  were 
obliged  to  leave  the  place  in  order  to  save  their 
scalps. 

In    1854    he    married,   at    Ilandolph,    Miss 
Catharine  Engles,  a  native  of  Kentucky.     Their 
first  born  was  just  two  weeks  old,  when  a  white 
man  came  dashing   up    to  them   on  horseback, 
stating  that  the  Indians  were  killing  the  whites 
at   the   ferry  on    the  Coquille  river.     Mr.  De 
Letts  quit  work,  buried  his  tools,  and   took  his 
family  to  Port  Auford,  by  traveling  eighty  milos 
out    of  the    way.     After  they  escaped,  the  In- 
dians came  and  destroyed  all  they  had  left.  P'or 
some  time  afterward  our  subject    was  engaged 
in   sawmilling   and    mining,   and    during  that 
period  took  part  in  many  an   Indian    skirmish. 
On  one  occasion  he  was  one  of  a  party  of  twenty- 
fivo  who  attacked  an    Indian  camp  just  at  day- 
light.    The  whites  took  shelter  behind  a  sand 
bank  within  close  range.    Upon  the  firing  of  the 
first  gun,  the  Indians  ran  out   of  their  houses, 
and   many   of   the    bucks   were    instantly  shot 
down.  The  whites  then  set  fire  to  the  wigwams, 
other  Indians  ran  out  to  escape    the  flames,  and 
were  also  shot.     At  one  place  they  found  nine 
secreted  in  a  sweat-house,  and  shot  them,  every 
one!     After  this,  in    1857,    Mr.    De  Letts  was 
engaged  in  helping  gather  the   Indians  up  and 
put  them  on    he  reservation,  and  while  so  doing 
had  many  exciting  adventures.     His  wife  and 
one  child  were  sent  to  Portland  while  he  was  en- 
gaged in    this  work.     He  helped  in  the  execu- 
tion of  the  half-breed,  named  Earns,  that  caused 
the  trouble  with  the  Indians. 

October  10,  1857,  Mr.  De  Letts  returned  to 
Portland,  and  was  employed  in  all  kinds  of  car- 
penter work  for  a  time.  He  liought  property 
there,  which  he  afterward  traded  for  a  farm 
above  Milwaukee.  On  account  of  sickness  he 
sought  a  change  of  location,  and  came  to  Wash- 
ington county.  First  he  had  a  shop  at  Center- 
ville,  later  at  Cornelius,  and  in  1884  came  to 
Beaverton,  where  he  has  since  been  in  business, 
runniiig  i'le  village  blacksmith  and  repair  shop. 
At  thie  writing  he  is  building  for  himself  and 


HlaTORY    or   ORKnON. 


037 


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to 

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P- 

id 


family  a  nice  resideiico  in  lioavcrtoti.  Ho  has 
been  iionored  by  liis  fellow-citizons  with  the 
office  of  .Justice  of  tlie  Peace  for  the  past  six- 
teen years,  and  Notary  Pul)lic. 

By  his  first  wife  Mr.  I)e  Letts  liad  five  chil 
dreti.  All  except  one  are  living.  They  are  as 
foUovifs;  Nettie,  wife  of  Wallace  Marsh,  resides 
on  a  farm  in  Washington  county;  MoUie,  wife 
of  James  Montgomery,  I'ortland;  Alice,  wife  of 
Jolm  Wigington,  also  of  I'ortland;  Mary;  and 
Grant  L.,  who  died  in  his  twenty-second  year. 
Mr.  De  Letts  married  hie  second  wife  Febru- 
ary 24,  1882.  She  was  Mrs.  Ida  M.  Corastock, 
and  had  two  children  by  her  first  husband: 
Maurice  and  Frank.  She  also  has  two  children 
by  Mr.  De  Letts,  whose  names  are  ^[aud  and 
liay.  I'oth  be  and  his  wife  are  worthy  mem- 
bers of  the  Metliodist  Episcopal  Church.  She 
aids  in  the  musical  de])artment  of  church  work, 
and  for  six  years  has  been  Su[)erintendent  of 
the  Sunday-school. 

Politically  Mr.  De  Letts  is  a  Kepublican. 
During  his  whole  term  as  justice  not  one  of 
bis  decisions  .has  ever  been  reversed.  He  is  an 
interesting  converser,  and  the  lively  manner  in 
which  he  relates  his  reminiscences  of  pioneer 
days  is  highly  entertaining  and  instructive  as 
well. 


-:$-.< 


S^fJ;— 


^UGII  CURRIX,  an  honored  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1845,  now  deceased,  was  born  in 
Grayson  county,  Virginia,  October  29, 
1808.  lie  spent  the  early  part  f)f  his  life  in  his  na- 
tive State,  and  in  1845  crossed  the  plains  to  the  far 
West.  I'pon  his  arrival  in  Oregon,  he  settled 
in  Clackamas  county  on  a  donation  claim  on  the 
prairie  which  has  since  borne  his  name,  being 
one  of  the  first  settlers  in  this  part  of  the 
county.  He  built  a  little  log  cabin  and  ke|)t 
"  bach  "  in  it  until  December  29,  1S49,  when 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Diona  Young.  She 
was  born  in  [ndiana.  .Fuly  12,1827,  daughter  of 
Robert  Young,  a  native  of  that  State  and  a 
descendant  of  English  ancestors.  Mr.  Young 
came  with  his  family  to  Oregon  in  1847,  and 
settled  on  Eagle  creek.  His  wife  had  died  in 
Missoin'i  previous  to  his  coming  to  Oregon,  and 
he  died  here  in  1855.  After  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Currin  were  married,  they  bought  320  acres 
more  land,  and  on  this  property  lived  and  labored, 
developing  it  into  a  tine  farm.     Their  children 


were  all  born  here,  and  are  as  follows:  George 
.1.,  a  member  of  the  State  l^^gislature;  .Miiriha 
.Vnn,  wife  of  Robert  Cochran,  of  Linn  county, 
Oregon,  has  three  children:  Robert  V.,  who  is 
nuirried  and  resides  on  the  claim  with  bis 
mother;  and  Hugh  F. 

Mr.  Currin's  life  was  characterized  by  sobriety, 
simplicity,  honesty  and  industry,  and  he  gave 
his  chief  attention  to  the  rearing  of  his  family 
and  the  development  of  bis  farm,  lie  was  a 
member  of  the  Maptist  Church,  and  was  in 
every  way  a  most  exemplary  man.  His  death 
occurred  November  20,  1874. 

Mrs.  Currin  is  now  sixty-seven  yeiira  nf  ago, 
and  has  passed  forty-tive  years  of  her  life  in 
this  State.  She,  too,  is  a  member  of  the  I'ap- 
tist  Cliin-cli.  She  has  reared  a  family  of  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  occupy  honoralile  positions 
in  life,  aiul  she  herself  Is  held  in  the  highest 
esteem  by  all  who  know  her. 


■'rn^-w^' 


■^5=^ 


tOBERT  P.  AVILMOT.  a  venerable  Oregon 
pioneer,  of  1850,  now  residing  at  Meaxur- 
ton,  was  born  in  Allen  county,  Kentucky, 
March  27,  1814.  His  parents  were  Richard  and 
Ellen  (Robertson)  Wilmot,  nativ(<H  respc^ctively 
of  Maryland  and  Virginia.  After  their  mar- 
riage they  resided  in  Allen  county,  Kentucky, 
where  they  reared  their  family  of  nine  children, 
only  two  of  whom — Robert  P.  and  a  sister — arc 
now  living. 

Mr.  Wilmot  was  reared  in  Kentucky,  ami 
there,  in  1836,  married  Miss  Nancy  Stone,  a 
native  of  that  State,  born  in  1817.  In  the  fall 
after  their  marriage  they  removed  to  Missouri, 
where  he  was  engaged  In  farming  fourteen  years, 
and  where  seven  children  were  born  to  tliem, 
two  of  whom  died.  With  his  wife  and  five 
children,  he  crossed  the  ,  ^'ins  t(i  Orcgnii  in 
1850,  making  the  journey  with  oxcmi.  Two 
brothers  of  Mr.  Wilmot  came  with  him.  On 
various  occasions  the  Fudians  werc^  quite  tnuible- 
eonie,  and  at  one  time  they  stole  a  line  l)rood 
mare  from  Mr.  AV^ilmot.  .\t  Green  river  his 
wife  was  taken  with  cholera  In  the  m'ening  and 
in  tlie  morning  she  died.  They  burled  her  by 
the  wayside  and  continued  their  sad  journey. 
Her  sudden  illness  and  death  at  this  tlmi!  was  a 
source  of  great  bereavement  to  him  and  his 
family. 


03.4 


ni8T0R7    OP   OREOON. 


11 


I 

■i 
•■( 
-( 


Aflor  they  iii'ri\cil  in  Onipoii,  Mr.  Wiliiiot 
HOttlcil  uii  tliu  (.'uliiiiiUia  liloucrli.  tiiiik  udoniitioii 
claim  uf  3'.^()  ai'i'iix,  iind  in  1851  liu  married  Mrs. 
Nancy.!.  MclJay.  Sim  wu^  a  native  of  Ma<li- 
i^on  Cdiinty,  Indiana,  and  a  daughter  uf  ilolin 
llickn.  Slu?  iiail  one  daiigliter  whom  they 
reared  an<l  who  is  now  Mrs.  .Jennie  I'inrliank. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilinot  resided  at  the  farm  at  the 
slouch.  eiij;hteen  years,  and  in  18(58  he  eanie  to 
J!ea\'erton  and  purchased  ninety  five  acres  of 
land.  On  this  property  he  ercutcd  huildinga 
and  made  other  imjiroveinents,  and  resided  here 
sev(!ral  years.  Then  lie  purchaied  |)ropcrty  in 
Heaverton,  and  has  since  houglu  and  sold  eon- 
siderahle  real  estate.  He  and  his  good  wife 
are  now  spending  the  evening  of  their  lives  in 
11  ('(Jinfortable  home  in  lleaverton.  The  loss  of 
their  three  beautiful  and  niueli  beloved  daugh- 
ters, Sarah  Catherine,  Emily  Adeline,  and 
Verony,  the  only  children  hy  his  second  mar- 
riage, cast  a  gloom  over  their  home.  Both  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wilmot  are  Methodists,  and  he  is  a 
Trustee  of  the  church.  J'revious  to  the  war 
he  was  a  Democrat,  but  ever  since  the  firing  on 
Fort  Sumter,  he  has  been  identified  with  the 
Republican  party.  During  the  war  he  was  a 
strong  Union  man  and  two  of  his  sons,  Richard 
and  Robert,  enlisted  in  a  home  company  to  keep 
down  secession  in  Oregon.  Mr.  Wilmot  has 
ever  been  a  strong  temperance  man.  lie  is  a 
member  of  the  (iood  Teni])lars  and  also  of  the 
CJrange.  lie  was  twice  elected  to  office,  but 
never  qualified,  sjiowing  that  he  had  no  desire 
for  office.  Ills  sons  are  engaged  in  farming, 
and  his  daughter  is  married  and  settled  in  life. 
They  are  as  follows:  .James  D.,  at  Beaverton; 
Richard,  near  Oswego;  Robert  and  William, 
near  Douglas,  on  Willow  creek;  Ellen,  wife  of 
Dwiglit  I'helps,  Milton,  Uniatilla  county. 

Mr.  Wilmot  is  now  in  his  seventy-ninth  year, 
lie  is  one  i>f  the  few  bravo  Oregon  pioneers  of 
1850,  who  still  live  to  tell  of  the  hardships  and 
trials  they  endured  in  those  early  days. 


W.  M'CAS,  of  Monmouth,  J'olk  county, 
came  to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  has  since 
^*  been  one  of  Oregon's  most  successful  and 
highly  respected  citizens.  Mr.  Lucas  is  of  (ler- 
man  and  French  ancestry,  who  were  early  set- 
tlers of  Kentucky,  Marsiiiini  Lucas,  his  father, 
having  been  born  there,  September  8!J,  18U1,  in 


Hardin  county,  lie  nuirried  Miss  ( 'intha  .Vnn 
Whitman  in  182:{,  a  nati\e  of  Kentucky  and  the 
•laughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Whitman.  In  18i)0 
the  |)arent8  of  our  subject  removed  to  Illinois, 
and  were  pioneers  of  that  State.  Mr.  liUcas,  Sr., 
engaged  in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  during 
that  tinu'  thi'  family  had  to  make  their  escape 
from  their  home  to  save  their  lives.  The  fol- 
lowing year  there  was  great  danger,  but  they  re- 
nuiined  unharmed.  lie  had  been  a  Baptist  in 
his  early  days,  but  later  became  a  Christian. 
His  faithful  wife  died  in  1837,  and  he  is  still 
living  in  Abingdon,  Illinois,  aged  ninety-two. 
Ho  has  led  an  upright,  Christian  life. 

Our  8\ibject  was  the  thinl  child,  and  was  horn 
in  Hardin  county.  Kentucky,  October  21,  1827. 
When  he  was  three  years  old  the  family  re- 
moved to  Illinois,  where  he  was  reared  and  ed- 
ucated, at  (lalesburg.  lie  began  to  farm  for 
himself  on  a  small  tract  of  laiul,  after  finishing 
school.  March  l;i,  1851,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Elizabeth  F.  Mnrphey,  a  native  of  Warren 
county,  Illinois,  born  October  21,  18iJ5.  She. 
was  the  daughterof  liev.  J.  E.  Murphey,  a  pioneer 
of  Warren  county,  and  an  honored  ( )'regon  pio- 
neer of  1852.  He  took  up  a  donation  claim, 
north  of  Dallas,  lie  was  a  jjrominent  Christian 
minister,  and  took  a  deep  interest  in  higher  ed- 
ucational matters,  lie  was  the  financial  agent 
and  trustee  of  the  Christian  College  at  Mon- 
mouth, lie  died  in  1876,  after  leading  a  good 
life,  lie  was  successful  in  worldly  matters,  but 
more  successful  in  spiritual  matters,  ^[r.  Lucas, 
his  wife  and  father  and  his  family,  crossed  the 
plains  together,  starting  from  Monmouth,  Illi- 
nois, April  18,  1852.  There  was  a  company  of 
thirty  wagons,  conducted  by  Air.  Mason.  At 
(irand  Island  they  divided,  and  Mr.  Lucas  was 
made  ca|)tain  of  the  Murphey  train.-  The  whole 
journey  was  a  very  sueeessful  and  fortumite  one, 
owing  to  the  carehil  captain,  and  they  arrived  at 
their  destinatioi)  August  30, 1852.  I'he  journey 
was  made  with  ox  teams,  liorsesand  mules.  Our 
party  came  direct  to  Polk  county  and  purchased 
land  near  Monmouth,  where  Mr.  Lucas  now 
owns  a  section.  He  had  only  a  few  hundred 
dollars  to  start  with,  but  he  was  industrious  and 
built  upon  his  land  a  little  board  hut.  lie  and 
his  wife  had  only  a  handful  of  things  with  which 
to  begin  housekeeping,  but  Mr.  Lucas  says  that 
they  were  as  ha])py  in  that  cabin  as  they  have 
ever  been  since;  they  worked  hard  and  the  rich 
soil  rewarded  their  efforts.  He  added  to  his 
first  (jnarter-section,  which  cost  him  SoUU,  until  ho 


f^stmm 


nrsTokr  of  orkoon. 


939 


liUH  now  8i{;i  iicri'rt  in  nil.  It  tuok  all  Iuh  money 
to  |)iiy  tilt'  I'cquiri'd  j)i'ii'C.  Init  he  hits  ]iiii(i  ii 
nuicli  I'l^^er  price  foi'  sulif-eqnent  hind. 

In  early  life  Mr.  Lnciifi  taught  school,  and  liHi* 
nlso  eriiriig((d  in  nierciiiitile  lil'e,  iind  linn  been 
sncceKsfiil  in  nil  his  iindi'rtiiking9.  He  is  one 
of  the  stockholders  in  the  I'olk  County  Hunk. 
He  hud  heen  »  strong  Uenuhlican  until  1S87. 
when  he  eniliraced  the  toiu-liingB  of  the  I'rohihi- 
tion  party.  He  has  heen  a  warm  friend  and 
supporter  of  the  Christian  College  at  Monmouth. 
and  has  rendered  it  much  efiicient  aid.  He  has 
been  one  of  the  Trustees  and  was  Clerk  of  the 
Board  for  twenty  years.  Helms  heen  nomin- 
ateil  by  his  party  for  Representative  and  Senator, 
hut  the  whisky  elenuMit  lieinif  so  strong  he  was 
not  elected.  This,  however,  does  not  indicate 
that  he  is  not  a  popular  and  jiromiiient  Oreifon 
citizen,  for  his  life  has  heen  one  to  command  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

Air.  and  Mrs.  Lucas  liave  had  seven  children, 
namely:  Ada.  wife  of  Dr.  T.  W.  Shelton,  of 
Kugene;  J.  P.,  resides  in  Gilliam  county  and 
lias  served  four  terms  as  (bounty  Clerk,  and  is 
Colonel  in  the  State  Militia;  Katie,  wife  of  W. 
D.  Kenton,  a  Portland  lawyer;  Susie,  wife  of 
Prof.  J.  H.  Stanley,  principal  of  the  Hillshoro 
public  schools  and  County  Superintendent  of 
Schools  of  Washington  county;  li.  L.  is  at  home 
with  his  parents,  and  Frank  and  Fred  have  faruis 
near  their  father's.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lucas  an- 
honored  mend)ers  of  the  Christian  Church,  of 
which  he  has  been  an  Klder  for  twenty  years. 
In  1874  he  built  a  ii;oo(l  home  in  the  midst 
of  trees  and  vines  of  his  own  planting,  and 
here  he  and  his  wife  are  spendinirthe  evenin>r  of 
tlieir  liv<;,  \\  the  enjoyment  of  the  comforts 
their  hr.i  ::  '  iVe  earned,  under  the  bleseinif  of 
tlie  (Jod  they  have  so  faithfully  served. 

;ILLIAM  E.  IHiAINARD.oneof  Mount 
Tabor's  honored  citizens,  also  one  of 
( )regon's  worthy  pioneers,  came  to  the 
Territory  in  lHu2.  He  was  born  in  Ohio,  De- 
cember 5.  1832.  Ilis  Eni^lish  ancestors  settled 
in  colonial  days  in  Connecticut,  and  grandfather 
Rrainard  served  in  the  Kevolutionary  war.  Ilis 
son,  John,  was  born  in  New  Hampshire,  in 
1794,  and  in  his  eighteenth  year  he  vohuiteered 
in  the  war  of  1812.  Later  he  married  Sallie 
Sherman  of  Montpelier,  Vermont,  whose  an- 
cestry traces  back  to  Roger  Sherman. 


William  F.  liiainanl  is  the  only  son  of  his 
|iareiils,  .lolin  and  Sallie  lirainanl,  wiio  grew  to 
manhood.  He  came  to  Oregon  in  his  twentieth 
year,  settled  on  the  l!inpi|na  at  Scottsliurg,  and 
cast  ilis  lirst  ])rcsiiU'iitial  vote  for  (ieiieral  .lulin 
C,  Fremont.  His  tirst  iiusiiiess  wa-  that  of  a 
deck  hand  on  \\w  sfeamliiiat  Wasiilnj^'ton.  Later 
ho  became  her  cnuineei'.  and  finally  her  captain. 
She  carried  pashengers  hclwcen  l'ni])i|iia  City 
and  Scottsbiirg.  .Vfter  this  he  engaj^t'd  in  the 
tanning  hiisiness,  estalili>hing  tiie  (irst  one, 
which  is  still  in  existence.  In  18(i2  he  went 
to  the  Canon  City  mines,  whore  ho  spent 
eighteen  months  in  jilacer  mining,  taking  out 
his  best  <hiy  iftiO,  and  in  tlie  whole  time  !S~,ti()(). 
He  has  a  very  nice  sample  of  gold  attached  to 
a  pin  weighing  about  |"-i.2i),  which  is  a  beauti- 
ful specimen,  and  looks  as  if  it  had  lieeii  |iressed 
between  two  petrified  leaves.  Mr.  I'rainard  \  al 
ues  it  highly  as  a  relic  of  the  days  when  he 
used  the  pick,  shovel  and  rocker.  From  the 
mines  he  retired  to  Portland,  and  in  partner- 
ship with  C.  W.  (iuy,  purchased  KiO  acres  of 
land  at  Mount  Tabor.  They  have  made  a  suc- 
cess of  raising  t'riiit  and  vcgctaliles.  When  Mr. 
Gay  and  Mr.  IJrainard  divided  their  gains,  the 
latter  became  the  owner  of  lUO  acres  of  the 
t)riginal  purchase,  and  afterward  became  the 
owner  of  500  acres.  Mr.  Hrainard  had  land 
that  cost  81.50  an  acre  that  sold  for  ^100  an 
acre,  lie  has  aided  in  building  the  railroads 
that  have  had  so  much  to  do  with  the  growth  of 
the  city,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Citizens' 
National  Hank  of  East  Portland. 

He  was  married  October  iU,  18(i7,  to  F. 
Maria,  daughter  of  Linus  and  Fliza  (^Iliiniiston) 
Hrooks,  formerly  of  Hnrton,  Ohio.  She  came 
to  Oregon  in  1850.  Her  father  was  born  iti 
Ohio,  April  25. 1805,  and  his  father,  .lonatliaii, 
was  born  in  Cheshire,  New  Haven,  cnunty  Con- 
necticut, .luly  25,  1777.  Their  English  ances- 
tors were  prominent  .-ettlers  of  Connecticut. 
Mrs.  Hrainard's  mother,  born  in  Connecticiii, 
1804,  was  the  dautrhler  of  Linus  Humiston, 
who  was  a  pioneer  of  Ohio,  moving  there  in 
1819.  On  their  j(nirncy  to  Oiiio  they  crossed 
Lake  Erie  in  the  Walk  in  the  Water,  the  first 
steamboat  that  crossiMl  Lake  Erie.  Mrs.  Hrain- 
ard's jiareiits  settled  on  French  prairie,  and 
Brooks  Station  was  named  because  of  their 
residence  there.  Mr.  Hrooks  resided  there  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1879. 
lie  educated  his  children  at  the  WiHamette 
University. 


>  ■  u*^'; 


030 


lirsTour  of  oRKdOif. 


;i 


Mr.  ami  Mrs.  ISrikiiiiii'd  hitvt-  twu  suiih,  l)orii 
at  Mount  Talior,  Slii'riimii  11.,  niid  LiniiM  Mrooks. 
Mr.  liraiimril  Iiiih  always  liccii  a  UepiiMiuan,  lias 
(locliiuiil  to  hold  ollluc  uHiilc  from  taking  an  intiM  - 
I'Ht  in  the  ail'airrt  of  iiis  school  iliHtrict.  Ho  was  a 
rncnilicrof  th(>  (Jnion  l.eagno  during;  tim  war. 
Ill'  and  fiiinily  aie  Congrcgationalists.  His 
rcsidcMco  at  Mount  Talwr  overlooks  a  wi<le 
Htrctcli  of  beautiful  country  and  the  city  of 
I'ortlaud.  It  is  a  home  worthy  of  these  industri- 
ous  |)co|ile. 


-— ^«t' 


M 


••*=- 


LSA  SlIKKVK,  a  worthy    Orcffon   pionenv 
of  11S51  and  a  |iroiriini'Mt   I'lirnicr  of   1' 
county,    was   horn    in    Ohio,    Auffust 
1825.     His  ancestors  came  to  America 
Holland  and  his  parents  were  Asa  and   Maria 
(Meyers)  Shreve, father  liorii  in  Loudoun  county, 
Virginia,  in  17Stl  and   mother  in    Pennsylvania 
in    IT'itii.     'I'hey     had     twelve  chiUlren,    eii/ht 
<hin^hter8  and   four  sons.     Thay  were  (rood,  in- 
diistrious  people,  who  lived  on  a  farm  in  Kairtield 
county,   Ohio,  where  they  raised  their  family. 
Here  the  father  died,  ao;e(l  eighty-nine  years,  his 
wife    having  died    many  years  before,  on  her 
forty-tifth  birthday. 

Our  subject  was  the  ninth  child  and  was 
reared  to  manhood  in  Ohio,  where  he  followed 
the  trade  of  blacksmith,  which  he  had  begun  to 
learn  when  he  was  eiirhteen.  He  followed  this 
useful  trade  in  Ohio  for  ten  years  and  in  1851 
crossed  the  plains  to  ( )re^on,  with  an  ox  team. 
The  journey  consumed  live  months  and  twenty 
days  and  he  arrived  at  Salem  Septendier  30, 
1851.  He  had  come  West  to  improve  his  for- 
tunes and  was  resolved  to  work  at  whatever 
he  ciiuld  lind  to  do.  He  crossed  the  river  to 
I'olk  county  on  the  day  he  arrived  at  Salem, 
liis  lirst  work  was  the  building  of  a  shop  at 
Cincinnati,  now  Kola,  at  which  he  worked  for 
about  live  months  and  then  took  up  a  donation 
claim  between  Kola  and  Dallas,  on  whiidi  he 
erected  a  little  log  cabin;  in  this  he  and 
his  wife  lived  for  live  years.  He  then  sold 
out  and  removed  to  Dallas  and  eiif;aj,;ed  in  his 
trade  for  seventeen  years.  Mr.  Shreve  was 
very  prominent  in  the  towiishi])  otlices  iiul  did 
his  part  toward  the  upbuilding  of  the  town.  He 
worla'd  at  his  trade  so  steadily  &nd  vigorously 
that  he  lost  the  use  of  his  right  arm  and  so  had 
to  discontinue    blacksmithing   and   go  into  the 


sheep-raising  business.  In  order  to  carry  that 
on  he  purchased  'A\i\  acres  of  land  in  1877. 
Here  he  has  since  resided  and  improved  his 
farm. 

Mr.  Shreve  was  married  dune  l(»,  1852,  to 
Harriet  Li\erinore,  a  luitive  of  Ohio,  daughter 
of  .loiias  Livermore.  She  was  born  on  the  I'ith 
of  September,  1821).  All  but  the  two  elilest 
children  were  born  in  Dallas.  Their  names  are 
as  follows:  Sarah  Maria  married  Dr.  Farley  and 
di(^d  in  her  thirty-second  year;  Mary  Elizabeth, 
now  the  wife  of  A.  H.  Muir,  resides  in  Dallas; 
Lot  Li vermoro  resides  in  Dallas;  Francis  Kllen; 
Abraham  Lincoln  is  residing  in  Dallas  a?id  is 
an  electrical  engineer;  Henry  W.  resides  in  Port- 
land and  Harriet  Loutta  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  ( )rsen 
DeuKirest;  and  Kate  Howe  is  at  home. 

While  in  Dallas  Mr.  Shreve  was  considered  a 
woi'thy  citizen  and  still  bears  that  name.  He 
is  a  strong  llepublican  in  politics;  his  first  vote 
was  cast  for  Martin  Van  Buren,  in  1848.  He 
held  the  |)rinciples  of  the  Uepublican  party 
long  before  it  was  organized,  so  he  is  a  stalwai't 
l)ioneer  of  Uepublicanism.  Mr.  Shreve  is  a 
man  of  sterling  (jualities  and  enjoys  the  confi- 
dt'iice  of  all  who  know  him.        -    ■        . 


|RS  H.  C0SPF:K,  Treasurer  of  Polk  county, 
|M)  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  this  State,  born  in 
'r^'*  Dallas,  August  19,185((.  The Cospers  are 
of  (ierman  origin  but  have  long  been  residents 
of  America.  Mr.  Gosper's  father,  David  Cos- 
p«'r,  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1829.  In  1852.  at  the 
age  of  twenty-three  years,  he  came  to  Oregon, 
purchased  land  and  settled  in  Polk  county,  and 
during  the  early  part  of  his  life  in  this  State  he 
was  engaged  in  farming.  Not  long  after  his 
arrival  here  he  married  Miss  Martha  J.  Fred- 
erick, a  native  of  Illinois  and  the  daughter  of 
.lames  Frederick,  an  Oregon  j)ioneer  of  1847. 
They  had  seven  children  born  in  Dallas,  five  of 
whom  are  now  living,  Harry  Hruco  being  the 
secoiul  son.  Later  in  life  Mr.  ('os{)er  was  en- 
gaged in  merchandising  in  Dallas,  lie  is  now, . 
however,  retired  from  active  business.  Previous 
to  the  civil  war  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  since 
strong  the  tiring  on  Fort  Sumter  he  has  been  a 
Republican. 

Harry  Bruce  Cosper  received  his  education 
in  his  native  town  and  in  the  university  at  En- 
gene.     He  learned  the  tinners'  trade  and  worked 


nisToiir  OF  oitKaos. 


98i 


lit  it  for  scMM'ul  yoHi'8  aw  k  jmii'iicymun.  Then 
lie  foiindt'(l  a  l)iiHiiir,its  of  lii«  own  in  Diilias, 
which  lio  conducted  a  nniMl)cr  of  years',  up  to 
1888,  wlien  lie  sold  out.  Attliattinie  he  sold 
out.  At  that  time  lie  accf|)tt'd  the  apiiointineiit, 
of  Deputy  Clerk  under  ('.  G.  ('oau.  Subso- 
(luently  he  worked  at  his  trade  again,  and  in 
April,  1892,  was  nominated  on  the  Ilepuhlican 
ticket  for  County  Trennurer.  Ilecanvashcd  Ills 
county  with  the  other  candidatjs  and  was 
elected  by  a  small  majority,  the  county  beiiij^ 
very  evenly  divided  between  the  two  particH. 
Six  of  tlio  men  who  were  elected  at  this  time 
were  Orof^onV  native  sons.  The  position  of 
County  Treasurer  is  one  of  much  responsibility, 
and  in  the  selection  of  Mr.  Cosjier  liis  constit- 
uents showed  wisdom  in  their  choice,  he  being 
a  man  of  ability  and  in  every  way  fitted  for  the 
ofHce. 

Mr.  ('os|)er  was  married  in  1887  to  Miss  Ora 
I'almer,  a  native  of  Ohio  and  a  daughter  of  A. 
1).  I'almer  of  Salem.  Tiioy  have  one  child, 
Verra.  lie  built  the  residence  in  Dallas  in 
which  he  and  his  family  reside. 

Mr.  Cosper  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F.  in 
all  its  branches,  and  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in 
the  order.  lie  takes  a  just  jiride  in  the  growth 
and  development  of  his  native  State,  and  us  one 
of  its  representative  citizens  is  doing  his  part  to 
advance  its  Ik'sI  interests. 


— *» 


tON.  ALKXANDKIi  M.  HOLMES,  one  of 
Polk  county's  worthy  citizens  and  enter- 
pri.-(ing  and  successful  fanners,  dates  his 
arrival  in  Oregon  in  18-48.  Following  is  a 
brief  resume  of  his  life: 

Alexander  M.  Holmes  wp.s  born  in  the  State 
of  Illinois,  November  1,  1843,  n  .'eecendant  of 
Scotch- Irish  ancestry  that  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica previous  to  the  Revolution.  His  father, 
U.  N.  X.  Holmes,  was  a  native  of  Virginia. 
He  was  married  in  Illinois  to  Miss  Nancy  Por- 
ter, a  native  of  Missouri,  and  with  his  wife  and 
four  little  children,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon 
in  1848,  making  the  journey  with  o.\  teams. 
Arrived  in  Oregon,  he  settled  on  a  donation 
claini  of  040  acren,  located  three  miles  south  of 
where  McCoy  has  since  been  built.  There  he 
built  his  home  and  spent  many  years  of  toil, 
developing  his  land  and  making  of  it  valuable 
In   1876  be  retired    from   farm  life. 


property. 


mid  moved  Im  Salem,  where   liis  death  < urred, 

ten  years  liitir.  He  was  a  man  of  ability,  iiiid 
took  a  deep  interest  in  the  iitfiiir.s  of  ( >regon, 
serviiiu- thic(«  limes  as  a  member  of  the  State 
lA'giNJiituii'.  Alexander  was  the  third -born  in 
their  family  ol  seven  children,  three  being  na- 
tives of  (>regiin.  The  mother  is  still  li^ing,  a 
highly  esteemed  pioneer  lady.  Some  time 
previous  to  his  death  Mr.  '  dines  divided  his 
donation  claim  among  his  rviving  children, 
anil  it  is  still  retained  by  tliein. 

The  subject  of  our  skotcii  was  in  his  liftli 
year  when  lie  arrived  in  Oregon,  and  has  little 
recollection  of  any  other  State  than  this.  Ho 
was  reared  in  Polk  county,  receiving  his  educa- 
tion at  Itetliel.  He  still  resides  on  the  land 
given  him  by  his  father,  having  added  to  it 
until  he  now  has  400  acres,  'in  this  jiroperty 
ho  has  erected  a  commodious  ai'd  attraeti\i'  resi- 
dence, the  general  surroundings  or^hich  iitoncu 
stamj)  its  owner  as  a  man,  not  only  of  thrift  and 
enterprise,  but  also  as  one  of  taste  and  retiiie- 
ment.  His  broad  acres  are  devoted  to  general 
farming  and  stock-raising. 

Mr.  lloimes  was  married  in  IS'^.I,  to  Miss 
Mary  A.  Fri/zell,  a  native  of  .Missouri.  Her 
father  died  while  on  tli(«  plains,  en  route  to  this 
State  in  1S5'2.  Following  are  the  names  of 
their  children:  .Mark,  Ilayne,  .losepha,  liessie 
and  Monroe. 

Politically  Mr.  Holmes  is  a  Democrat.  In 
18H7  he  was  elected  by  his  parly  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  in  that  honorable  body  served 
with  credit  to  himself  and  his  constituents,  being 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  internal  improvc- 
nents.  He  is  justly  j)roud  of  the  growth  and 
development  of  his  State,  and  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest in  all  that  will  aid  in  its  advancement. 

tINDLEY  M.  WALLACE,  an  enterprising 
farmer  of  Polk  county,  dates  his  arrival  in 
Oregon  in  18.j4.  Since  that  year  he  lias 
been  identitied  with  the  interests  of  this  State, 
and  as  one  of  its  representaties  citizens  is  justly 
entitled  to  biographical  mention  in  the  history 
of  his  county. 

Mr.  Wallace  was  born  in  Illinois,  November 
ij,  1839.  His  father,  John  Wallace,  caino  from 
England  when  a  boy,  iind  settled  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, moving  from  there  to  Illinois.  He  mar- 
ried Mary   Veriier,  a  native   of  North  Carolina. 


V 


fSi 


iiiaroRY  OF  ouEaoN. 


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tri- 


111  ISo-t,  witli  Ills  wife  ami  four  hdiis  and  one 
il!iui,'liter,  lie  crossed  tlii'  plains  to  Oregon. 
\Vliiie  11(1  misfortune  befell  them,  they  were  in 
great  daiiifer  on  this  journey.  A  parfj'  not  far 
behind  them  were  attacked  by  the  Indians  and 
massacred,  .\rriviiig  in  Oregon  they  wintered 
nt  the  farm  of  (Japtain  English.  In  the  spring 
they  came  to  i'olk  county.  Here  the  father  pur- 
chased a  piece  of  land  on  the  Yain  Hill  river, 
built  his  cabin  anil  began  jiioneer  life.  Jle  sub- 
se(jiieiitly  resided  some  time  in  l>allas.  Then, 
Iniyiiiif  a  farm  on  Scott  creek,  he  moved  to  it, 
and  there  r-puiit  th'  rest  of  his  life,  and  died  in 
1803,  aged  sixty-three  years.  His  wife  jiassed 
iiway  in  1888,  liolli  had  long  been  members 
of  the  Methodist  Oliurch,  and  were  people  held 
in  high  esteem  by  all  who  knew  them. 

'I'heir  son,  1>.  M.  Wallace,  is  the  only  survivor 
of  the  family.  When  he  reached  the  ago  of 
twenty  one  he  left  the  jiarental  home,  and  was 
for  some  time  engaged  in  teaming.  In  1882  he 
purchased  the  i5(K)  acres  of  land  on  which  lu^ 
now  resides.  Here  hi'  has  since  lived  an<l  toiled, 
the  result  of  his  well-directed  efforts  being  a 
tiiiely  ileveloped  farm,  on  which  is  a  good  resi- 
dence and  other  first-class  buildings.  Mr.  Wal- 
lace is  ail  energetic  and  jniblic-spirited  man, 
interesting  himself  in  everything  that  has  for  its 
object  the  Well-being  of  the  community  in  which 
he  resides.  He  alliliates  with  the  liepublican 
jiarty.  For  a  number  of  years  he  served  as 
Clerk,  and  later  as  Director  of  his  School  Dis- 
trict. He  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  (/oiigre- 
gational  (Jhiirch,  and  by  his  upright  life  lias  won 
the  confidence  and  gciodwill  of  all  who  know 
him. 

In  1871  Mr.  Wallace  married  Aliss  Julia 
llus-^ey.  a  iiiitive  nf  Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of 
Mathaniel  Hiiseey.  (A  history  of  her  venerable 
father  will  be  found  on  another  page  of  this 
work.)  The  names  of  their  children  are:  Les- 
ter. Lloyd.  Kay,  Mabl(!  ami    Lew. 

f.\MKS    K.    (iUAHAM,  earns,  Clackanius 
county,  has  been  a  resident  of  Oregon  since 
18-18.      l''ollowiiig    s  a  brief  sketch  of  his 
life  and  that  of  his  family: 

His  father,  (ieorge  (iriiham,  w.is  born  in  Koss 
county.  ( )liio,  . I  line  18,  !8',i'2.  In  earlj'  life  ho 
lenioved  to  Illinois,  where  he  was  married, 
Octol/er  0,1844,   to  Miss  Celia   I'lirvine,  who 


was  born  in  that  State,  October  2,  1823.  Jan- 
uary 27,  1847,  their  son,  James  K..  thesiibject 
of  this  article,  was  born.  The  following  spring 
1848,  they  started  on  the  longand  tedi'  us  jour- 
ney across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  where  they 
arrived  late  in  September.  Jov  at  reaching 
their  destination  was  turned  into  sadness  a  few 
days  later  by  the  death  of  the  wile  and  mother, 
which  occurred  October  4.  On  the  29tli  of 
.November,  1848,  he  married  Miss  Salome  R. 
Larkius,  and  in  1850  he  and  his  family  settled 
on  their  donation  claim,  six  miles  so  'liwest  of 
Oregon  City,  ])aying  §800  for  the  light.  \ 
little  1<  g  house  served  for  their  home  the  first 
summer,  or.  until  Mr.  Graham  could  build  a 
more  comfortable  one.  In  18o5  he  was  con- 
verted under  the  preaching  of  Ke\  II.  Iv. 
nines  and  his  brother,  Gustavus,  and  from  that 
time  until  his  death  he  was  a  devotee,  whole- 
soulc<l  Christian  man.  His  home  became  head- 
quarters for  all  ministers  of  the  gospel,  and  he 
and  his  good  wife  were  noted  far  ami  wide  for 
tl'  'i  •  genial  hospitality  and  many  generous  acts 
and  (christian  graces.  They  were  hardworking 
people,  their  earnest  efforts  were  crowned  with 
success,  and  they  luvi  jilenty  of  this  world's 
goods  for  themselves  and  to  spare.  He  helped 
organize  their  school  district  and  build  their 
primitive  schoolhouse.  And  while  he  took  an 
active  interest  in  procuring  educational  facili- 
ties for  the  pioneer  children,  he  took  a  deeper 
and  more  earnest  interest  in  the  cause  of  re- 
ligion. He  gave  a  corner  of  his  land  for  a 
church  site  and  aided  materially  in  the  erection 
of  the  church.  There  he  worshiped  tweiity-tive 
years.  lie  loved  the  house  of  (iod,  took  the 
whole  care  of  it  upon  himself,  and  was  always 
there  to  open  it  for  divine  services.  Later  in 
their  lives  both  he  and  his  wife  experienced  the 
blessing  of  sauctitication.  His  death  occurred 
October  tJ,  188(),  and  hers  March  12,  18U2. 

.lame.s  K.  Graham  was  reared  from  infancy 
in  Oregon,  receiving  his  education  in  the  dis- 
trict schools  and  in  the  seminary  it  Oregon 
City.  When  the  civil  war  broke  out  he  was  too 
yoiing  to  be  iiccejited.  but  as  soon  as  he  was 
eighteen  lie  joined  (,'ompaiiy  A,  First  Oregon 
Cavalry,  and  served  one  year,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  the  war  closed  and  he  was  honor- 
ably discharged.  Then  he  went  to  Salem  and 
IcariUMl  the  harness  business,  .\fterward,  for 
nine  years,  he  was  engaged  in  the  harness  busi- 
ness at  Oregon  City,  in  the  meantime  having 
been    engaged    in  farming    several   years.     In 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


BSS 


1880  he  came  from  Oregon  CMty  to  his  farm, 
and  on  it  lias  since  remained,  this  property 
being  one  of  the  iinest  farms  in  Clackamas 
county,  and  his  residence  a  coiiiniodions  and 
attractive  one. 

Febrnary  14, 1867,  Mr.  Graliani  married  Miss 
Iliinnah  Wingfield,  who  was  born  on  the  Mo- 
lallii  in  Clackamas  county,  Oregon,  (Jctober  20, 
1850.  Her  father,  .loseph  T.  Wingfield,  was 
born  in  Vii'giiMa,  Noveml)er  lit,  1807,  a  de- 
scetiden'  "  Kngl'sh  ancestors,  who  were  among 
the  ei'.i./  ,i'ii'.i.-r8  of  Jamestown,  (irandfather 
Thomas  V'-ngileid  was  a  soldier  in  the  colonial 
army  duriiig  the  vir  for  independence.  A[rs. 
Gralu.m's  father  was  married  in  Virginia  in 
1M82,  to  Miss  Hannah  Knapp,  a  native  of  Con- 
ne<'ticnt.  Tiiey  had  seven  ciiildren.  In  1846 
they  came  to  Oregon,  ami  ( )ctober  22,  ISoO, 
Mrs.  Wingiield  died,  leaving  ii  little  <laughter 
two  days  old.  This  daughter  is  now  Mrs.  Gra- 
ham. Her  venerable  father  is  now  liviiig  with 
her.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  (irahani  have  si.\  children, 
as  follows:  (ieorge  K.,  Horton  N.,  Clora  A., 
Harden  Wallace,  (Juy  R.,  an<l  Vida  E. 

Mr.Graham  affiliates  with  the  Republican  jmrty. 

f.VLVIN  JACK,  another  one  of  the  pros- 
perous farmers  of  Washington  county. 
(Oregon,  is  a  native  of  lligliland  county, 
Virginia.  Imrn  Se])tember  13,  IS-l'J.  In  1856 
the  Jack  family  moved  to  It)wa,  in  1860  to  Ne- 
braska, and  in  1M)3  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, the  subject  of  this  sketch  being  in  his 
fourteenth  year  at  the  time  they  came  West. 
He  drove  one  of  the  ox  teams,  and  a  great  ileal 
of  the  journey  he  made  on  foot.  He  was  sent 
to  the  public  schools  in  Iowa,  .Nebraska  and  in 
Oregon,  and  spent  his  youthful  days  working 
as  a  farm  bund  for  wages.  When  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  he  ])urchased  his  Hr>t  land,  120 
acres,  at  S3  per  acre.  It  was  bought  on  time, 
and  by  hard  work  and  economy  he  paid  for  it. 
After  his  marriage  he  purchased  more  laml,  and 
on  the  original  place  lie  baa  since  lived  and 
prospered. 

Mr.  .Fack  was  married  December  2,  1873,  to 
Miss  Elizalieth  .\.  Masters,  who  was  born  in 
Washington  county,  this  State,  December  18, 
1857,  daughter  of  .V.  J.  Masters,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1843.  They  have  four  children: 
Mettie  May,  Renton  .V.,  James  II..  and  Francis 
Albert.      " 


Roth  he  and  his  wife  are  memb<M's  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  also  of  the  Grange.  In 
the  latter  he  has  been  ^^astcr  and  Secretary, 
and  has  held  other  official  ])08itions.  'I'bey 
now  have  their  membership  in  tin?  Hillsborough 
(irange.  He  is  a  stocklmlder  in  the  (Jrange 
store  at  that  place,  and  takes  an  active  interest 
in  all  public  measures  which  have  for  their 
object  the  good  of  the  county.  He  has  most 
Mccejitably  filled  the  otKces  of  School  Clerk  and 
Director.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican.  One 
of  the  self-made  men  of  the  county,  indus- 
trious, honorable  and  upright,  he  is  richly  de- 
serving of  the  pros])erity  he  has  attained. 


PAVID  ZIMMERMAN,  of  Clackamas 
comity,  is  one  of  the  leading  tanners  of 
the  State  of  Oregon. 

He  was  born  in  Peiinsylvaniii  February  ll, 
1837,  and  is  of  German  ancestry.  In  1856  he 
removed  to  the  State  of  Missouri,  and  from 
tliere,  in  18li8,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
making  the  journey  with  o\  teams,  and  c(Mning 
in  company  with  a  train  of  eighty  wagons. 
They  were  six  months  in  making  the  journey, 
and  upon  their  arrival  here  located  in  Clackamas 
county,  where  the  colony  with  which  he  came 
had  a  large  tract  of  land.  When  this  colony 
disbandeil  he  received  as  his  share  sixty  acres  of 
the  land,  to  which  he  8nl)8ei]Uently  added  fifty 
acres  more. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  here  Mr.  Ziiiiuierman 
engaged  in  the  tanning  business,  which  he  has 
since  successfully  continued,  and  which  he  is 
now  carrying  on  extensively.  He  manufactures 
large  cpiantities  of  harness,  skirling,  collar  and 
laci'  leather,  his  products  finding  a  ready  market 
in  San  Francisco  ami  I'ortlaiid. 

In  18ti2,  the  year  previous  to  his  coming  to 
Oregon,  Mr.  Ziinnierman  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Wolfer,  who  was  born  in  tlu^  State  of  Indi.-ma  in 
18;}7.  being  two  months  younger  than  her  bus- 
band.  One  child  was  born  to  them  in  Missouri 
and  live  in  Oregon,  namely:  Catherine,  the  oldest 
daughter,  is  the  wife  of  .1.  D.  Ritter;  Triphena. 
who  married  Edward  I!.  Miller,  ic.-ides  near  lier 
fatiier;  Rudolph  William;  Mar' ha;  Judith, 
wife  of  D.  n.  (iordoii,  also  resides  near  by:  and 
Beatrice,  \\\w  died  in  her  ninth  year.  The 
father  and  mother  are  still  spareil  to  each  other, 
and  are  among  the  nioRt  worthy  and  highly  re- 
spected peojilc  of  their  community. 


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Uii(l<il|)li  W.  Ziiiiiiiei'iiiuii,  who  is  now  riiiiiiitig 
tlie  liiri/c  tiimiei-y  liiisincss,  is  one  of  the  onttT- 
[iiiBinf^  iinii  capahlo  i)nsint'S8  men  of  tlie  I'ounty 
in  which  he  was  born.  lIiMhiteshis  liirth  hiTo, 
May  27,  lS6f5;  July  31.  18!)1,  he  niarriud  Miss 
Anna  C.  Ziegler,  who  was  iiorn  in  Oregon,  Sep- 
tenilier  2,  1809.  They  have  a  little  (laufrhter, 
iiiM-n  ScpfiMiihcr  L"),  1892 
alHliate.-  with  fhi'  liepuhlican  party. 


Vonng  Zimmerman 


lU(iUSTUS  J.  FAXNO.  a  native  son  of 
Washington  county,  and  one  of  ber  most 
successful  citizens,  was  born  on  liis  father's 
donation  claim  March  19,  1855.  His  father, 
Augustus  Fanno,  also  came  to  Oregon  in 
184('),  and  was  liorii  in  tiie  State  of  Maine,  in 
(hiMiberland  county,  March  26,  1804.  The 
family  ancestors  came  frimi  France,  and  grand- 
father Fanno  came  to  America  during  the 
'•  reign  (if  terror'"  in  France,  being  despoiled  of 
iiis  estate,  and  proscribed  by  the  Kevolutionists. 
He  settled  witii  his  family  near  Portland,  Maine. 
His  grandson,  the  father  of  our  subject,  at  the 
age  of  twenty  years,  became  a  seafaring  man, 
iind  for  a  luimbcr  of  years  followed  the  sea  for 
a  living.  Finally  he  left  that  life  and  taught 
school  in  the  State  of  Missoui'i,  and  there  mar- 
ried Miss  Martha  Ferifuson,  a  native  of  tliat 
State.  One  child  was  born  in  that  State,  Eugene 
!!.,  and  he  now  is  a  resident  of  Newjiort. 

With  Ills  wifeiind  child,  .Nfr.  Fanno  moved  to 
(>regon.  in  184(),  but  after  he  had  landed  in  this 
State  his  wife  died  in  Oregon  City,  and  her 
burial  took  place  at  i.inii  Oity.  After  this 
atlliclion  .Mr.  Fanno  came  to  his  donation  claim 
of  (5-KI acres  in  the  spring  of  1847,  his  nearest 
neighbor  then  being  live  miles  away  from  him. 
In  18(9  he  married  Aliss  Rebecca  .1.  Ueniiy,  a 
iuiti\e  (d'  Kentnclvy,  born  in  1^19.  .Si,\  chil- 
dren were  liorn  to  this  marriage,  two  of  them 
died  in  infancy,  and  the  others  were  Augustus, 
who  is  our  subject;  Zantaphine.  who  married 
I.  \..  .Morelock.  and  resides  on  a  farm  near  tlie 
old  homi>Btead;  Ziona,  who  married  James  D. 
Wilmot,  anil  resides  on  a  part  of  the  old  dona- 
tion claim;  and  A.  It.,  who  is  a  partner  with  his 
brother,  Augustus,  on  the  claim. 

The  father  of  the  family  died  January  29, 
1884,  ill  the  eightieth  year  of  his  age.  lie  had 
been  a  man  of  peace,  a  good,  honest,  industri- 
ous citizen,  ami  left  his  ehildien  a  rich  farm, 
and  the  richer  heritage  of  a  good  name. 


Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  faini  near 
Portland,  and  was  educated  at  the  Ttialitin 
Academy.  When  he  became  of  age  he  en- 
gaged in  farming,  raising  in  particular  onions, 
on  a  large  tract  of  Jieaver-dain  land.  In  this 
business  he  has  prospered  until  he  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  successful  onion-raisers  in  the 
State,  shipping  each  year  large  (juantities  of 
onions  to  California  and  the  Northwest,  and 
many  bushels,  thousands  of  them,  to  Alaska 
annually. 

Besides  his  farming  operatioiia,  our  subject 
is  interested  'v.\  other  business  enterprises,  and  is 
a  thoroughly  practical  and  capable  business  man 
of  the  highest  business  integrity.  Jlis  mar- 
riage occurred  December  31,  1879,  to  Miss 
Kate  Guerin,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  in  185(!, 
and  a  daughter  of  W.  II.  Guerin,  a  lawyer  of 
Sturgeon.  Missouri.  One  child  lias  been  born 
of  this  marriage.  Helen,  now  in  her  twelfth  year. 

In  jiolitics  Mr.  Fanno  has  voted  the  Itepub- 
lican  ticket,  but  in  recent  years  he  has  given 
his  attention  to  the  refoi'm  ipiestions  in  politics. 
Mrs.  Fanno  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church,  anil  a  very  estimable  lady. 


F.0R<;K  II.  P.ROWN,  a  successful  and 
enterprising  farmer  of  Clackamas  county, 
Oregon,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Iowa, 
born  March  25,  18C2.  He  is  of  Knglish  parent- 
age, his  father,  Samuel  Rrown,  and  his  mother, 
llanmih  Ib'own,  both  having  been  borr.  in  Eng- 
land in  the  year  lS2fi.  They  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1851  and  settled  in  the  State  of  Wis- 
consin. There  three  sons  were  born  to  them: 
Samuel  A.,  Ellis  C.  and  William  W.,  and  after 
their  removal  to  Iowa  four  other  children  were 
added  to  the  family,  namely:  Robert  J.,  Mary 
I.  K.,  George  II.  and  Sarah  J.  The  father  was 
successfully  engaged  in  farming  In  Iowa  until 
1S|)9.  when  ho  came  with  liis  family  to  (  begon, 
arriving  in  ( ti'egou  City  on  the  ;!d  of  .hine.  He 
purchased  320  acres  of  land  live  miles  south  of 
Oregon  City,  and  there  be  and  his  wife  stil'  ,v- 
side,  respected  and  esteemed  by  all  who  know 
them.  One  moi'e child  was  added  to  the  family 
in  Oregon,  but  it  died  in  infancy.  The  sous, 
Samuel  A.  and  E.  Care  graduates  of  the  Med- 
ical Department  of  the  Michigan  State  I'niver- 
sity,  and  are  successful  jiracticing  jihysicians  in 
Portland,     Samuel   \.,  E.  ('.,  William   W.  and 


tilSTOKY    OF    ORSaON: 


R.  .1.  all  gnidimtcd  at  the  California  State  Xor- 
iiiai  School.  ;Mary  f.  E..  who  irradiiated  in  the 
medical  department  of  tiie  Nrichi^aii  State  Uni- 
versity, at  Ann  Arbor,  married  ^^r.  Frank  Wins- 
low,  and  resides  in  Seattle.  Sarah  Jane  married 
Mr.  Wort  A.  IJodkey,  and  la  now  a  resident  of 
Portland.  Itobert  purchased  the  home  farm 
and  lives  on  it. 

George  11.,  the  suhject  of  our  sketch  received 
his  education  at  the  California  State  Normal 
School,  and  was  for  some  time  enjraged  in  teach- 
ing. Quitting  the  schoolroom  lie  turned  his 
attention  to  the  stock  business,  and,  in  partner- 
ship with  his  brothers,  was  I'liifaged  in  the  sheep 
industry  in  eastern  Oregon  for  seven  years,  and 
with  marked  success.  In  the  spring  of  18',ll  he 
purchased  forty-four  acres  of  land,  and  in  the  fall 
of  I  he  same  year  added  to  it  twenty-eight  acres 
more,  and  built  on  it  an  attractive  and  commo- 
dious residence.  It  is  his  intention  in  the  near 
future  to  devote  a  portion  of  his  land  to  horti- 
culture. 

May"  S.  1892,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss  Mag- 
gie MiArthur.  She  was  borti  in  Iowa  Septem- 
ber 3,  18G0;  daughter  of  David  McArthur,  and 
is  of  Scotch  ancestry. 

fONATHAN  O'DONALI),  a  well-known 
and  respected  pioneer  of  1852,  was  born  in 
Huntingdon  en  (y,  IVMnuylvauia,  Septem- 
ber 6,  1820.  When  oinruteen  years  of  age  he 
went  to  bill  II  the  carpenters'  trade.  He  served 
three  ytin-  at  his  trade,  and  by  careful  and  per- 
sistent industry  became  a  skillful  workman. 

In  1847  Mr.  O'Donald  was  married  to  Miss 
Catharine  Woa\ .  .  and  they  afterward  removed 
to  Iowa,  will"  e  worked  at  his  trade  until 
1852.      Jl  ills  family  then  joined  the  west- 

ward tide  111  euiigration.  ai'riving  in  Salem  the 
same  year,  this  city  l)eing  then  a  hamlet  with  a 
very  small  population.  His  wife  and  one  child, 
William  llenry,  accompanied  him,  the  other 
surviving  children:  Emma,  Ella,  and  Elmer, 
being  natives  of  Oregon.  Mr.  O'Dnnaid  was  a 
second  time  mari'ied,  to  Miss  Eliza  Cross,  a 
native  of  Illinois,  and  they  have  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  now  living:  Frank  and  Anna;  and 
Mrs.    Asa  Wyman. 

Politically  Mr.  O'Donald  is  identified  with 
the  Democratic  party.  lie  was  twice  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  while  tilling  this  ofKce 


he  tried  !  twcen  300  andlOO  cases,  only  two  of 
which  were  a|)pealed,  and  in  both  his  decisions 
were  affirmed.  While  he  has  not  accumnlated 
a  handsome  estate,  he  enjoys  a  com|>etence,  and 
has  been  one  of  the  stanch,  reliable  citiziMis  who 
have  made  the  present  prosperity  <if  Salem 
a  possibility. 


[AMES   11.  SEWELL  is  one  of  Washington 
I   county's    most    enterprising    farmers    and 


in  Washi'  •_!, 
His  father. 
1841!.     He 
educated   in 
there    until 


immufacturers,  as  well  as  (me  of  her   pros- 
perous native  sons. 

Ho  was  l"iiii  on  his  father's  donation  ilaim 
n  county,  Oregon,  May  24,  X'^M. 
lenry  Sewell,  came  to  Oregmi  in 
.18  born  in  England  in  181(')  and 
lis  native  country,  and  remained 
lie  was  .sixteen.  Einiirraling  to 
.Vmerica.  he  first  went  to  Iowa  ami  then  to 
Missouri.  In  the  hitter  State  lie  worked  at 
the  car])eiiter8'  traile  for  a  number  nf  ytjars,  up 
to  1843,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  ( Iregon, 
driving  a  team  to  pay  for  his  board  during  the 
long  and  tedious  journey  that  lasted  si.\  months. 
Arrived  ai  the  Tualitin  jilains  he  took  up  520 
acres  of  land  in  what  afterwanl  became  Wash- 
ington county,  the  pro]>erty  on  wliicli  iiis  son, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  now  lesides.  He 
built  a  log  cabin  and  kept  'diacli''  two  years. 
Then,  'in  1845,  he  married  Miss  Alary  Ann 
Gerrish,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  Ore- 
gon with  her  father,  .lames  tierrisli,  in  1844. 
Mr.  Gerrish  tirst  located  on  the  Tualitin  plains 
for  a  short  lime,  then  romoveil  to  tlu^  northern 
jiart  of  Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  died.  He 
was  a  Methodist  minister  in  early  dnys,  having 
a  circuit  extending  int<i  several  counties,  and 
w^as  industrious  in  bis  holy  calling,  jireaehing 
the  gospel  without  price. 

Wlien  gold  was  discovered  in  California,  in 
1848.  Mr.  Sewell  went  overland  to  the  mines, 
and  after  mining  some  time  near  Sacramento, 
was  taken  '  And  returned  to  On^gon  with  his 
brother-iii-lii  ,  Hon.  A.  F.  Ilinman,  now  of 
Forest  Grove.  The  following  year  he  again 
went  to  California,  and  was  again  taken  sick 
and  obliired  to  corner  back  to  Oreijon.  Each 
time  he  brought  back  about  S.'iOO.  He  con- 
tinued on  his  farm  the  rest  of  his  life.  A  I'ap- 
tist  minister  and  a  devoted  Christian  man,  his 
life    was   one    of    <£reat  us"f'ulness.      He    often 


111 


'!  ''■.:,! 


Ik,,  is; 


838 


■nr STORY  OP  oiiKnok. 


held  nieutin^s  tlin)iif^li(iiit  the  country,  and 
always  witlioiit  cliarjin  foi'  liis  services.  He 
lielil  tlie  office  of  Justice  of  tlie  I'cace  a  number 
of  years,  and  wan  also  elected  County  Su|)er- 
iiiteddent  of  ScliooU  a  numlii'r  of  times.  His 
wife  died  in  1804,  and  his  death  occurred  in 
1870.  They  were  hos|)ital)le,  kind-hearted  and 
benevolent,  and  were  widely  known  and  hif^hly 
esteemed.  Tlicir  four  children  are  all  liviiiff. 
Tile  ohlest  dauobti^r.  Laura,  married  John  J. 
Dino^more.  They  reside  in  (ioldendale.  Wash 
inirton.  .lolm  Wellington  resides  on  a  small 
jiortion  of  the  old  homestead,  and  has  other 
lands.  Annie  is  the  wife  of  Asa  Egleton,  and 
lives  in  i'ortland.  Her  husband  is  a  custom- 
house officer. 

James  II..  the  olde.^t  of  the  Sewell  family, 
was  reared  on  the  home  farm.  When  twenty 
years  of  age,  in  1867,  he  went  to  eastern  Oregon, 
where  ho  was  engaged  in  the  stock  business 
until  1870.  His  father  dying  that  year,  as 
above  stilted,  he  came  home  and  took  charge  of 
the  farm  and  the  younger  children,  and  here  he 
has  since  resided.  He  has  been  prosperous  in 
his  undertakings,  has  acquired  other  lands,  and 
is  now  the  owner  of  740  acres.  He  is  tloing 
general  farming  and  raising  horses  and  cattle, 
and  still  has  the  descendants  cif  the  cows  his  fa- 
ther brought  aci'oss  the  plains. 

Air.  Sewell  is  the  founder  and  owner  of  the 
North  I'aeiHc  ^'hiy  Works.  Seeing  the  need  of 
a  good  article  of  tile  on  his  own  farm,  he  pur- 
chased an  (lid  mill  at  the  iiominal  jirice  of  ij^SO, 
and  went  tn  work.  It  was  an  experiment,  but 
proved  that  he  had  on  his  land  almndanre  of 
clay  of  the  veiy  best  iinality.  After  starting 
the  business  he  sent  Kast  and  purchased  the 
best  and  most  improve<i  machinery  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  tile  on  a  huge  scale,  and 
the  business  has  grown  niul(;r  his  management 
until  he  has  the  laige^t  tile  factory  in  oAt;  State. 
lie  makes  shi|pmentB  to  all  parts  of  the  country, 
has  a  large  demand  in  his  own  county  and  now 
has  on  hand  a  lai'ge  supply  of  tile  of  the  very 
best  quality.  He  is  also  !■  terested  in  the  maii- 
ufucture  of  brick  at  IlillslHirough. 

Mr.  Si'well  was  one  nl'  the  founders  of  the 
(Irange,  in  LS7iJ,  and  wa-  its  Secretary  for  ten 
years.  Hi'  helped  build  their  store,  had  charge 
of  it  two  years  and  i-  nnw  one  of  the  directors. 

In  1872  Mr.  Sewell  was  married  to  Miss 
Sarah  K.  Allen.  She  was  born  in  Califoi'uia  in 
1854,  dnughtei'  of  Isaac  Allen,  who  came  with 
his  family  to  Oretton   in   lS.5',t.      .Mr.   and    .Mrs. 


Sewell  have  two  children,  James  A.  and  Alice 
E.  He  is  a  meniiier  of  the  I.  f).  ().  F.,  has 
passed  all  the  chairs  in  liis  lodge  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Grand  Lodge,  In  j)olities  he  is  a 
Uenublican. 


epui 


'^■^■^ 


USTAVUS  A.  CONE,  an  honored  Oregon 
jiioneer  of  1847,  and  one  of  tlie  well- 
known,  ])rosperous  fanners  of  French 
prairie,  was  born  in  Rush  couiity,  Indiiina,  No- 
vember 21,  182!5.  His  ancestry  originated  in 
Scotland,  but  came  to  the  United  States  and  set- 
tle(l  in  Vermont  pre\ious  to  the  Revolution  and 
were  participants  in  the  Colocial  army,  (irand- 
father,  Oliver  Cone,  fought  through  that  mem- 
orable war  for  Independence  and  was  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Plattsburg,  and  came  out  of  the  war  safely, 
living  to  be  eighty-four  years  of  age.  His  son, 
(lustavus  A.,  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1798, 
and  'A'hen  he  reached  man's  estate  he  came  west- 
ward and  settled  in  the  State  of  Indiana,  where 
he  married,  in  Rush  county.  Miss  Mary  (iui'ri- 
son.     She  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  17U9. 

The  lather  of  our  subject  removed  in  1832 
from  Rush  county,  Indiana,  to  La  I'orte  county, 
same  State,  where  they  made  their  home  until 
1841;  then  until  1853  he  lived  in  Iowa,  and 
moved  to  Oregon,  settling  near  Buttevillo. 
lie  died  April  7,  1881,  and  his  wife  had  jire- 
ceded  him  in  1878,  and  only  three  of  the  chil- 
dren still  survive.  The  suliject  of  this  notice 
was  the  third  child  in  the  family  and  he  was 
reared  on  his  father's  farm  in  Indiana  and  there 
grew  to  manhood,  attended  the  common  schools 
and  later  learned  the  trade  of  cooper.  At  this 
he  worked  until  1847  and  on  April  12  of  that 
year  be  left  Michigan  city,  in  company  with 
Mr.  Alfred  Stanton,  to  cross  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon. He  drove  an  o.x  team  and  they  had  a  long 
and  tedious  journey,  but  arrived  safely  at  Ore- 
gon City  November  25,  1847. 

After  iiit/  arrival  in  Oregon  be  worked  at  his 
trade  for  sonu'  time  and  in  February,  1840.  lie 
went  to  the  mines  in  California  and  mined  on 
the  south,  middle  and  north  forks  of  the  Ameri- 
can river.  From  the  mines  he  went  to  Sacra- 
mento and  for  a  few  months  kcjit  the  Sacra- 
mento Hotel.  While  in  California  he  met  with 
reasonable  success  and  has  often  made  in  the 
mines  as  much  as  $100  per  day.  and  saved 
about  1^5,000.  Mr.  Coin*  came  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  in  the  fall  of  1840  he  sailed  for  Ore- 


mas 


== 


nibTOUY    OF    OUEGON. 


m 


ifoii  and  October  15  lie  eaiiii*  t^)  liis  property  on 
Kreiicli  prairie  and  purchasud  tlio  right  on  a 
donation  claim  of  (i4()  acri's. 

On  liis  land  in  Oregon  our  subject  lived  alone 
until  Deceinlier,  185(1,  when  lie  married  Miss 
Rebecca  Her,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  February 
14,  1834.  Iler  father,  James  Her,  came  to 
Oregon  in  1847.  Our  suhject  built  a  small 
farm  house  on  the  property  in  which  they  be- 
gan their  married  life.  Oil  this  property  our 
subject  lias  since  resided,  and  his  patient  indus- 
try has  been  rewarded.  He  has  built  a  nice 
residence  and  other  farm  buildings,  and  now  his 
farm  is  one  of  the  best  in  Oregon.  Here  has 
been  born  seven  children,  as  follows:  B.  F.,  who 
resides  in  Moscow,  Idaho,  where  he  tills  the 
ofKce  of  County  Clerk;  Louisa,  who  married 
John  Murry  and  resides  near  her  father;  Louis 
died  of  typhoid  fever  in  his  twenty-first  year; 
Laura  is  the  wife  of  John  W.  Long  and  resides 
near  her  father;  Herman  resides  in  Woodliurn; 
Anna  is  the  wife  of  Lincoln  Rice  and  resides  in 
Idaho;  and  Gustavus  A.,  Jr.,  is  at  home  with 
his  father.  In  addition,  Mr.  Cone  has  twelve 
grandchildren.  Mrs.  Cone  died  F''ebruary  13, 
1880.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cone  ha<l  lived  together 
thirty  years.  She  had  been  an  estimable  lady,  a 
faithful  wife,  kind  mother  and  good  neighl)or. 
On  December  17,  1883,  Mr.  Cone  was  married 
to  Miss  Maria  McCollum,  a  native  of  Ohio, 
daughter  of  Cornelius  McCollum. 

In  addition  to  carrying  on  his  farm,  Mr. 
Cone  for  seven  years  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business  at  Butteville,  with  his  son,  !>.  F.,  the 
firm  name  being  Cone  it  Sou.  He  is  now  one 
of  the  stockholders  of  the  Farmers'  warehouse 
and  engages  in  general  farming  and  stockrais- 
ing  and  also  is  interested  in  hop-raising.  Kvery 
inch  of  the  old  farm  is  still  his  own.  In  poli- 
tics Mr.  Cone  is  a  liepublican,  becoming  one  at 
the  time  of  the  formation  of  the  party  aii(l  is  a 
man  who  does  not  easily  ciiange  his  views.  He 
is  a  Master  Mason  and  has  held  all  the  offices 
in  the  blue  lodge.  Mr.  Cone  is  an  intelligent 
and  capable  man  and  a  creditable  representative 
of  the  Oregon  pioneer  of  1847. 


]KS.  SAH.MI  JANE  MULL  is  one  of 
the  nol)le  jiioiieer  women    who  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1843,  and  whose 
history  is   full    of  incidents    showing  what    the 
pioneer  women  of    this   State  hud  to  undergo. 


Only  a  small  part  of  her  experiences,  howev(>r, 
can  be  given  here,  for  a  complete  sketch  of  her 
life  would  till  a  wliolo  volume. 

Mrs.  Mull  was  born  in  Hopkins  county,  Ken- 
tucky, October  4,  lS2ti,  .laughter  of  Willis  and 
Kli/.abeth  (I'armeter)  Jenkins.  Her  great- 
grandfather, Peter  I'arker,  was  born  in  England, 
came  to  America  prior  to  the  I{e\olution  and 
Wuo  an  oflicer  in  that  war  on  the  side  of  the 
colonies.  Ho  married  a  lady  who  was  born  in 
France.  After  their  marriage  they  resided  in 
North  Carolina  for  some  time  and  tlieii  I'cmovtKl 
to  Kentucky,  (iraudlather  Tlieophilus  I'arme- 
ter was  born  in  N.)rth  Carolina,  as  also  was 
Grandfather  William  >Ieiikiii6,  and  the  whole 
family,  on  both  sides,  niovetl  to  Kentucky  in  the 
early  history  of  that  State.  Mrs.  Mull's  parents 
had  ten  children.  They  brought  eight  with 
them  to  Oregon  in  1844 — Mrs  Mull  having 
come  the  year  before — and  upon  tiieir  arrival 
here,  settled  where  Ileedville's  now  located,  from 
which  place  they  removed  t  ,  I'olk  county  and 
took  a  donation  claim  at  what  is  now  Dallas. 
From  there  they  moved  to  eastern  Oregon  and 
then  to  Gohlendale,  Washington.  Her  father 
was  a  merchant  ami  farmer,  and  he  and  his 
family  were  Methodists.  His  death  occurretl 
in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age.  His  wife 
died  in  1873,  in  her  sixty-seventh  year.  Four 
of  tlieir  family  are  still  living. 

When  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  sixteen 
years  of  age  she  was  married,  on  tla^  I'latto 
purchase,  October  1,  1842,  to  Andrew  Jackson 
Masters,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  March  20, 
181<>.  In  the  spring  following  their  marriage 
they  started  with  the  I'lattc  company  of  emigra- 
tion for  Oregon.  The  company  was  large  ami 
the  train  was  composed  of  300  wagons.  They 
forded  all  the  rivers,  and  were  often  in  imminent 
danger  of  being  troilden  under  foot  by  the  vast 
herds  of  buffaloes  that  could  scarcely  Iwi  turned 
aside  by  the  emigrants.  The  Indians  also  gave 
them  some  annoyance.  I'lit  M()t^vitll^tHnl]ing  all 
these  dangers  thuv  made   the  joui'iicy  in  safety. 

After  they  arrived  attheGrande  Uonde  valley, 
Mrs.  Masters'  health  was  such  that  it  hecamo 
imperative  for  them  to  reach  Dr.  Whitman's 
station  sooner  than  it  was  possible  to  if  they 
continued  to  travel  with  the  train,  so  they  took 
pack  horses  and  left  the  emigrants,  she  and  her 
liusband  pressing  on  alone.  After  having 
travcle<l  long  enough  to  have  reiiclied  their  de- 
sired haven,  their  provisions  became  exiiaii^ted, 
they  found   they  had    lost   their   way,  'ind  they 


1:111 


938 


HISTORY    OF    OliEOOX. 


M 


I  ii> 


W(ire  then  ii  day  and  a  iiij^lit  witlioiit  fdod  or 
•  liiiik.  Niglitaf^aiiil  Vnry  iiiucli  fatigued,  tliuy 
(!ain]>ed  on  the  bleak  mountain  side,  but  had 
nothing  with  wliich  t"  .nako  a  fire.  Their  dis- 
tress was  increased  bv  liowlinir  wolves,  and  Mr. 
Mast.-rs  pelted  them  with  stones  to  keej)  them 
olT.  The  i^ray  light  of  morning  brought  to  an 
end  a  fearful  nii^lit.  and  also  discovered  to  them 
that  their  horses  were  gone.  Mr.  Masters  went 
in  ])Ui'snit  of  them  and  after  a  hintr  and  futile 
search  returned  to  her  and  said  ;  "  We  will  have 
to  die  here  in  the  mountains,  and  all  I  regret  is 
that  1  brought  you  here,  my  darling,  to  perish 
like  this."  She  threw  her  arms  around  his  neck 
and  replied:  "  Let  us  trust  ii\  (iod.  lie  will 
help  us  through."'  About  fifteen  minutes  after 
this  they  saw  two  Indians  coming  toward  them. 
These  Indians  offered  to  return  their  horses  if 
they  would  give  them  a  shirt  and  pair  of  pants. 
Mr.  Masters  took  off'  his  shirt  and  gave  it  to 
them,  and  also  gave  them  a  red  silk  handker- 
cliief.  The  horses  were  brought  back  and  the 
red  men  directed  onr  friends  to  Walla  Walla. 
They  were  then  only  three  miles  from  the  fort. 
Here  they  found  Dr.  White  and  Mr.  Lovujoy 
who  took  them  in,  cared  for  them  and  aided 
them  in  glutting  to  the  Dalles.  A  part  of  the 
way  Mrs.  Masters  was  scarcely  able  to  sit  up. 
They  arrived  at  their  destination  October  l,and 
on  the  following  day  she  gave  birth  to  her  first 
child,  a  son,  whom  she  named  Marcus  White 
Masters,  in  honor  of  Dr.  White.  The  mission- 
aries were  very  kin<l  to  lior,  and  to  them  she 
has  ever  felt  that  she  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude. 
The  rains  had  commenced  by  this  time,  and 
they  persuaded  her  to  stay  witli  them  for  the 
winter,  and  while  she  remained  her  husband 
came  down  to  the  valley  to  look  for  a  location. 
lie  was  gone  until  spring,  and  during  his  ab- 
sence the  baliy  died,  aged  six  months.  The 
last  of  .\pril  he  returned  and  worked  at  the 
mission,  making  plows  an<l  a  fanning  mill  for 
the  missionaries.  Later,  he  and  his  wife  made 
a  trip  down  the  river  in  a  Hudson's  Hay  boat, 
and,  as  they  supposed,  came  up  the  Willamette 
some  distance.  They  then  discovered  that  tiiey 
were  in  a  slough.  Night  came  on  r.::d  they 
slept  on  the  margin  of  the  slough.  The  tide 
rose  in  the  night,  and  carried  off  their  boat  and 
the  tilings  in  it,  whii'h  the  missionaries  had 
provided  for  them.  Thus,  they  were  a  second 
time  entirely  destitute.  The  Indians  went  in 
search  of  the  boat,  and  Mr.  ami  Mrs.  Masters 
started  on    foot    to  find   the   Willamette  river. 


They  walked  till  late  in  the  afternoon,  wading 
through  wet  places  and  fording  small  streams. 
In  one  of  tlio  streams  she  lost  her  footing  and 
was  carried  some  distance  by  the  current  before 
her  husband  caught  lier  and  pulled  her  out. 
They  finally  reached  Linnton,  worn  and  weary, 
and  some  time  later  the  Indians  f(jund  the  lioat 
and  brought  it  to  them.  At  Linnton  they  met 
Peter  Burnett  (afterward  the  first  Governor  of 
California),  General  McCarver,  and  others. 
After  resting  a  few  days  at  Linnton,  they  came 
to  Washington  county,  and  purchased  a  right  to 
some  land  from  a  Frenchman  who  had  an  In- 
dian wife.  After  living  on  this  t)roperty  some 
time,  they  left  it  for  fear  the  wife  might  claim 
htr  share.  They  then  took  up  a  claim  on  the 
Tualitin  near  where  Farmington  now  is,  and 
settled  on  it,  being  three  miles  from  any  neigh- 
bor. This  brave  wonnm  was  alone  Iti  their 
cabin  much  of  the  time,  as  her  husband  was  off 
at  work.  The  wolves  came  up  to  the  house  and 
sniffed  through  the  cracks  until  she  could  stand 
it  no  longer,  and  they  finally  left  the  ])lace. 
They  then  located  three  miles  northeast  of 
Hillsborough,  and  three  months  later  took  the 
donation  claim  where  she  now  resides.  Here 
they  had  a  splendid  tract  of  land,  two  niilos 
long  by  half  a  mile  wide,  for  which  they  paid 
oOO  bushels  of  wheat,  in  five  annual  payments, 
and  for  some  time  were  engaged  in  raising  horses 
and  cattle. 

In  the  spring  of  184!t  Mr.  Masters  and  his 
wife  and  their  two  children  went  to  Califoriiia, 
and  at  Sutterville,  three  miles  below  Sacra- 
mento, they  opened  a  hotel  and  successfully 
conducted  the  same  one  year.  They  then  re- 
turned via  water,  being  shijiwrecked  at  the 
mouth  of  Cdlunibia  river  and  losing  a  great 
deal  of  goods  purchased  in  California,  to  their 
Oregon  land,  bringing  with  them  S10,000. 
After  their  return  they  kept  hotel  for  several 
years.  Since  1854  she  has  resided  at  her  pres- 
ent home.  Both  she  and  her  husband  worked 
hard,  were  prosp<ired  in  their  undertakings, 
notwithstanding  they  had  many  discourage- 
ments, and  were  just  beginning  to  take  comfort 
in  life  when  the  saddest  of  all  misfortunes  over- 
took them.  ( hie  morning  in  185()  Air.  Mas- 
ters flirted  to  attend  a  religions  meeting,  and 
had  only  gone  a  mile  down  the  road  when  he 
was  sliot  througli  the  head  by  a  neighbor  with 
whom  he  had  been  at  variance.  A  man  came 
to  the  farm  and  told  on(>  of  the  children  to  tell 
his  mother  that  his  father  was  dead.  She  picked 


I 


■■n 


uisroitr  OF  ouEaoN. 


o;to 


ii|)  lierl)aliv  and  rushed  nftci"  the  man  to  hear  it 
for  herself.  When  he  told  her  sho  sank  down 
in  the  road  in  ii  swoon.  The  man  who  shot  her 
hiishand  was  .lames  McMillan,  now  of  Portland, 
lie  had  a  trial,  claimed  self-defense  and  was 
cleared,  and  still  lives  to  meet  the  jiulgnu'nt 
that  God  gives,  that  heing  the  court  to  which 
the  widow  and  her  children  ap|)caled.  Mr. 
Masters  had  a  large  pockethook  with  him,  in 
which  were  vuluablo  papers  that  were  never 
found. 

She  had  seven  children  by  him.  one  horn  only 
a  short  time  after  his  death.  They  arc  as  fol- 
lows: John  W.,  a  farmer  r-'='d!rig  at  Hills- 
borough; Jfary  E.,  wiff  of  Christian  Lystrup, 
resides  on  a  portion  of  the  claim  her  father 
took;  Thurston,  a  merchant  and  farmer,  at 
Goldendale,  Washington;  William,  supposed  to 
be  in  Alaska;  and  Elizabeth  A.,  wife  of  Calvin 
Jacke,  resides  on  a  farm  near  her  mother. 

In  1859  Mrs.  Masters  married  the  Kev.  Henry 
Willonghby.  Piy  him  she  had  three  children: 
Laura,  who  is  now  Mrs.  Perry  Steeples  and  re- 
sides in  Ilillsborongh;  Sarah,  wire  of  James 
Curran,  of  Hillsdale;  and  Charles  H.,  who  is 
at  home  with  his  mother  and  has  charge  of  the 
farm. 

In  1866  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Noah  JIuU,  with  whom  she  lived 
about  twenty  years,  when  she  became  a  widow 
again.  She  is  now  in  her  sixty-si.xtli  year,  has 
seen  and  passed  through  danger  and  great  trials, 
and  is  still  an  active  and  useful  woman,  loved 
and  respected  by  all  who  kiicjw  her. 

(LISHA  HEDWEI.L.  of  Monmouth.  Polk 
county,  is  an  honored  <  )rei;on  ])ioneer  ot 
1847.  He  was  born  in  La  Fayette  county, 
Missf)nri,  September  9,  181'.l.  His  father,  Ira 
Bedwell,  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  who  mar- 
ried Miss  liarbara  Cattron,  a  native  of  \'irginiii. 
They  had  eight  children,  of  whom  two  only  are 
now  living:  Elisiia  and  .lohn. 

Our  subject  was  the  sixth  child  and  was 
reared  in  his  native  State  until  his  sixteenth 
year,  when  in  1836  the  family  removed  to  Henry 
county,  Missouri,  where  Elisha  resided  until 
1841,  when  lie  removed  to  Platte  county  with 
his  father-in-law.  and  remained  until  the  siiring 
of  1844,  when,  with  his  father-in-law  and  en- 
tire family,  ho  moved   to  Texas,  but  soon  re- 


turned to  Henry  county,  Missouri,  and  there 
remained  until  .Vpi'il  12,  ls47,  when  he  started 
across  tin-  plains  to  Oregon.  Tlic  father  and 
head  of  the  family  had  died  when  our  suhji^ct 
was  only  six  years  old. 

In  1841  Mr.  liedwell  married  Sarah  .\nn 
Davis,  a  native  of  Missouri.  They  had  two 
children,  one  t)f  whom  died  in  Texas";  the  other, 
H.  F.,  crossed  the  plains  with  his  graiiduKither 
and  uncle  in  1862.  They  nuide  a  suf((  journey 
across  the  plains  and  arrived  in  the  northern 
parr  of  \'-m\\  Hill  county  October  2."),  1842. 
Elisha  took  a  donation  claim  of  6 10  acres  of  land, 
three  miles  west  of  the  present  site  of  North 
Vani  Hill.  In  Sejitember,  1848,  he  went  over- 
land to  the  gold  mines  of  California  and  mined 
on  the  middle  fork  of  the  American  river.  Here 
he  met  with  fail'  success,  taking  out  as  much  as 
f>20(l  |)er  day  at  times.  In  1850  he  returned 
to  Oregon  and  pnrcihascd  a  claim  near  North 
Yam  Ilill  that  cost  him  !t!2,()0().  He  remained 
on  this  farm  until  1874,  when  ho  soM  and  |)iii'- 
cliased  thirty-four  acres  in  Monmouth,  on  which 
he  built  a  comfortable  residence,  and  has  lived 
there  ever  since.  Ho  paid  !J(;J()  an  acre  for  this 
land,  but  it  is  now  worth  ^200  jier  acre.  In 
addition  to  his  other  duties  Mr.  I'edwell  is  one 
of  the  founders  and  stockholders  of  the  Polk 
County  Bank  at  Monnionth,  and  he  is  one  of 
the  reliable  citizens  of  that  little  city. 

Mr.  Pedwell  lost  his  first  wife  in  1841,  in 
Texas,  and  on  >Iune  19,  1850,  marrie<l  Miss  A. 
M.  Shelton,  a  native  of  Missouri,  daiiglitci-  of 
Zebeder  Shelton,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  18 Ki. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  liedwell  have  had  ten  children, 
namely:  George  W.,  die<l  in  his  twenty-tirst 
year;  Mary,  wife  of  Mr.  Herman,  resides  in 
Douglas  county,  ()regon;  S.  Mildred,  wife  of 
Cass  Higgs,  resides  in  Polk  county;  ParbaraJ., 
wife  of  O.  Waller,  resides  in  Monmouth;  .\nnie 
died  ill  her  seventeenth  year;  Edward  resides  in 
Polk  county;  Alice  died  in  her  twenty  tii'st 
year;  Hersheel  died  in  his  seventh  year;  L.  E. 
resides  with  his  parents;  and  E.  L.  dii^l  wIkmi 
six  months  oM. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'eilwell  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  Mr.  Pedwell  is  a  stiung 
Uepublican,  and  has  been  one  since  the  organi- 
zation of  the  party.  All  his  honoralile.  upright 
life  Mr.  Pedwell  has  given  strict  attentimi  to 
his  own  aft'airs,  and  liotli  he  ami  his  wife  are 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  them.  Poth  arc  in 
the  enjoyment  of  good  health  and  Mr.  l!e(Kvell 
has  never  lunl  a  doctor  in  his  whole  life.      .\lr.i. 


st  1 


040 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


Hcihvoll's  mother  resides  with  tiicin,  and  she  is 
iiciw  ill  her  ciffhty- fourth  yt'iir.  hiit  ciijovs  good 
huiiltii,  and  i;^  ii  Nciicriilpki  |iioiii»er  of  1841).  Tlif 
entire  fiiniilv  i.-*  one  that  coinniiinds  the  rei^peet 
(if  all,  and  it  is  one  tiiat  is  wortiiy  of  all  ])ro8- 
jH-rity  and  jironiiiuMieo  in  tlu'  State  that  has 
liecoiiic  so  dear  to  those  who  have  had  a  liaiul  in 
tiie  tijihiiiiding  of  tiie  great  coiniiioiiwealth. 


^:^ 


m^i 


»-*=- 


jDDlSON  lUlALY,  a  jiroininent  farmer 
of  Vain  Hill  county,  is  the  son  of  J.  C. 
Braly,  an  Orei;oii  pioneer  of  1S47,  wlio 
settled  first  in  Wasiiington  comity,  and  attended 
school  in  Forest  (trove.  Coming  then  to  Yam 
Hill  county,  ho  worked  for  ins  board.  After 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  California  he  repaired 
to  tlie  center  of  the  great  excitement,  and  liy 
niininj?  took  out  considerahle  gohl.  Next  he 
settled  in  Santa  Clara  county,  and  for  a  time 
engaged  in  farming.  Later  he  settled  in  San 
ijosi",  the  county  seat,  where  Ik^  engaged  in  the 
livery  business  for  five  years.  Keturiiing  then 
to  Yam  Hill  county,  he  purchased  t'-o  Iviverside 
farm,  a  niilo  and  a  half  northeast  of  McMinn- 
ville,  and  on  this  large  and  valuable  tract  of 
land  he  resided  and  prospered  for  twenty-two 
years.  He  built  the  Mc^finnville  Hank,  and 
conducted  it  three  years,  tlius  having  the  honor 
of  starting  the  first  bank  in  the  county.  Ue- 
inoving  to  San  Diego,  California,  lie  has  since 
engaged  there  in  banking.  Now,  in  1892,  lie 
is  in  his  sixty-first  year,  and  lie  still  owns  his 
IJiverside  farm  in  Yam  Hill  county,  one  of  the 
best  in  this  part  of  Oregon. 

He  married  Miss  Mary  Whishimui,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  had  nine  children,  of  whom 
eight  are  living. 

The  son,  Addison,  who  is  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  San  Joee,  California,  July 
18,  18('i4,  and  in  18G9  the  family  moved  to  Yaiii 
Hill  County,  where  he  was  brought  up  on  his 
father's  farm.  In  his  eilucational  course  he 
attended  McMinn\  ille  College.  When  he  be- 
came of  age  he  took  the  farm  of  910  acres  and 
conducted  it  five  years  on  shares,  meeting  with 
excellent  success.  His  jiresent  farm  consists 
of  1C4J  acres,  on  which  he  has  good  buildings 
and  all  the  ajipliances  of  a  first-class  farm. 

Mr.  Hraly  was  married,  Sejiteinber  23,  1885. 
to  Afiss  Kttie  I.aiigbliii,  the  stepdaughter  of  Dr. 
Sitton,  one  of  the  honored  pioneers  of  Oregon. 


ller  father  was  ulso  one  of  tlio  niost  favorably 
known  of  the  pioneers  of  this  State.  They  re- 
sided on  his  father's  farm  until  1890,  and  then 
movc<l  to  their  own  nice  home,  where  they  have 
since  been  making  numerous  improvements. 
Mr.  iiraly  has  been  very  successful  as  a  farmer. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hraly  are  excellent  members 
of  society.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church,  and  in  jiolitics  he  is  a  Democrat,  but 
takes  little  part  in  public  affairs,  occupying 
himself  with  his  own  home  matters.  They 
have  one  son,  whom  they  have  named  James 
Fre<l.     He  was  born  January  21,  1889. 

Mr.  Braly  is  a  good  rejiresentative  of  the 
Oregon  enterprising  farmer,  and  is  illustrating 
how  productive  is  the  soil  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
if  intelligently  managed. 


ASlllXGTON  F.  ALLEN,  a  highly 
reputable  and  very  successful  pioneer 
of  Oregon's  metropolis,  made  his  ap- 
t)earance  on  the  scene  of  this  commonwealth  in 
Is.'j.").  He  is  a  native  of  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
where  he  was  lioru  on  .Inly  22.  1S21.  Ills 
father.  Richardson  Allen,  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, in  which  State  he  was  born  on  May  20, 
1771,  and  who  married  Miss  Farmelia  Mc- 
Crackin,  a  member  of  one  of  the  F.  F.  V.'s — 
first  families  of  Virginia.  Our  subject's  pater- 
nal grandfather,  Isham  Allen,  was  a  soldier  in 
the  llevolutionarv  war.  Soon  after  his  mar- 
riage his  father  removed  to  Lexington,  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  resided  until  1830,  then  moving 
to  Missouri,  where  he  died  in  1S43,  his  wife 
surviving  him  twenty  years,  dying  in  18fiO. 

Our  suiiject  was  the  youngest  child,  and  is 
the  only  survivor  of  the  family.  lie  was  sent 
to  school  ill  Kentucky  and  later  in  Missouri. 
He  engaged  in  farming  for  a  time  in  north- 
eastern Missouri,  and  was  later  employed  in 
steaniboating  from  St.  Louis  to  other  points  on 
the  river.  Soon  after  tliis  he  enlisted  as  a 
soldier,  and  served  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  his 
company  being  the  P^ourth  Indiana  Volunteers, 
which  were  in  (ieneral  Lane's  brigade.  He 
participated  in  several  of  the  hard-fought  battles 
of  the  war  under  General  Taylor,  and  later 
under  General  Scott.  After  being  honorably 
discharged  at  the  close  of  the  struggle,  he  re- 
turned to  Missouri,  and  in  1852  crossed  the 
plains  to  California.     lie  was  six  inontha  and 


■■ 


HISTORY    OF    OHROON. 


Ml 


four  flayH  on  the  joiiriu-y,  arriving  at  tlie  end  of 
that  time  in  Sacramento,  He  mined  for  two 
years  in  KI  Dorado  county,  meetinif  with  in- 
ditt'erent  success,  both  making  and  losing,  but 
came  away  poorer  than  when  he  went,  notwith- 
standing that  in  one  day  he  took  out  as  higli  as 
$200,  the  hirgest  piece  he  ever  found  lieing 
worth  $22.  After  loavinir  the  mines,  lio  went 
to  Vacaville,  Calitbrnia,  where  he  remained  a 
year  engaged  in  farming,  coming  at  tlie  end  of 
that  time  to  East  I'ortland,  Oregon,  where  he 
purchased  240  acres,  which  lie  farmed  for  thirty 
years.  When  he  bouglit  it,  in  1S55,  it  cost  him 
$10  an  acre,  and  in  188(5  he  soM  it  for  §700  an 
acre.  It  has  l)een  platted  and  sold,  some  very 
tine  buildings  being  erected  on  it,  and  much  of 
it  is  now  valued  at  $2,000  an  acre. 

Mr.  Allen  was  nuirried  in  1849  to  Miss  Ma- 
tilda Krusli,  a  native  of  Maryland.  They  have 
nine  children,  all,  excepting  the  two  eldest, 
having  been  born  in  Portland.  Their  daughter, 
Mary  C,  married  Mr.  John  W.  Shattuck;  Mil- 
dred nnirried  Mr.  T.  J.  Carl;  Matilda  S.  mar- 
ried Mr.  "William  J.  Sally;  and  Pannelia  is  the 
wife  of  Mr.  ().  F.  Cosper.  Thet'ons  are  Uobert 
C,  George  (t.,  Arch  F.,  William  and  Walter 
F.  In  1872  Mr.  Allen  had  the  misfortune  to 
lose  his  wife,  who  died  in  March  of  that  year. 
She  was  a  lady  of  great  intelligence  and  many 
charms  of  character  and  iinmner;  was  a  faithful 
wife  and  fond  mother,  and  was  beloved  and 
lamented  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  Mr.  Allen 
was  again  married  on  February  24,  1874,  to 
Mrs.  Tilghmaii.  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  the 
(laughter  of  lion.  John  McDougall.  Her 
father  was  an  early  settler  of  Ohio,  being  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  and  came  to  the  i'acific  coast 
in  an  early  day,  having  been  the  second  Gov- 
I'rnor  of  California.  Alembers  of  their  family 
have  been  noted  in  the  army  and  navy. 

Mr.  Allen  lias  built  a  handsome  residence  on 
a  pleasing  site,  comprising  a  whole  l)lock  in  one 
of  the  choicest  residence  portions  of  the  city. 
The  house  is  suggestive  of  comfort  and  ele- 
gance, while  the  grounds  are  tastefully  and 
attractively  laid  out.  Here,  retired  from  active 
pursuits,  Mr.  Allen  and  wife  pursue  the  "even 
tenor  of  their  way,'"  happy  in  the  sympathy  and 
regard  of  many  friends  and  acquaintances. 

in  politics  Mr.  Allen  has  always  been  a  Dem- 
ocrat. For  many  years  he  has  aided  in  advanc- 
ing the  interests  of  the  schools  of  his  vicinity, 
and  for  tiiirty  four  years  has  been  a  director  of 
schools  in  his  district.  When  the  Morrison 
60 


street  bridge  enterprise  was  started,  he  assisted 
it  materially  by  becoming  a  stockholder.  This 
undertaking  has  since  been  of  great  value  to  the 
city.  He  also  aided  the  water-works  in  a  sim- 
ilar numner.  Of  high  honor  and  morality, 
cordial  in  manner  and  interesting  in  conversa- 
tion, he  is  a  credit  to  the  community  and  an 
ornament  to  society. 


]KiKWIS  ('.  TUOMI'SON.  one  of  the  most 
\i'ft  pros])ei'ou8  farnu'rs  and  stock-raisers  of 
•jp*  Yam  lUll  county,  is  a  native  son  of 
Oregon,  having  been  born  in  Oregon  City, 
August  28,  1847.  He  is  a  son  of  R.  U.  Thomp- 
son, one  of  Oregon's  most  noted  and  s\iccessful 
pioneers,  who  now  resides  in  San  Francisco, 
(Jaliforiiia.  His  father  was  liorn  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  IH'Zi),  and  his  ancestors  were  originally 
from  Kngland  or  Scotland,  who  emigrated  from 
the  north  of  Ireland  to  America  at  an  early  liay. 
Hereceived  a  limited  Knglish  education  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  learned  the  cabinet-makers'  trade. 
He  later  emigrated,  as  a  poor  yOung  man,  to  Ca- 
diz, Ohio,  where  he  was  married  to  .Miss  Harriet 
Pell,  a  native  of  the  Puckeye  State.  They  had 
three  children  when,  in  184tl,  with  his  wile  and 
children,  he  crosseil  the  plains  with  the  nsuid 
conveyance  of  that  day,  an  ox  team,  which  slowly 
wen<led  its  way  to  the  l.»nd  of  promise.  On  ar- 
riving at  Vancouver  he  was  obliged  to  work  at 
anything  he  could  get  to  do,  in  order  to  keej) 
the  wolf  from  the  door.  In  1847  ho  removed 
to  Oi'cgon  City,  where  their  fourth  child,  the 
subject  of  our'sketch,  was  soon  afterward  born. 
The  father  commenced  life  in  Oregon  City  with- 
out means,  other  than  natural  intelligence 
and  good  health,  but  by  persevering  efforts, 
suj)pleinented  by  the  v.oiiderfnl  resources  of  the 
country,  lie  became  in  time  one  of  the  weal'h- 
iest  aiid  ^nost  |)rominetit  men  o'  the  State. 
He  first  worked  at  his  trade  in  Oregon  City, 
when  gold  was  discovered  in  California,  and  he 
went  to  the  lulnes,  where  he  got  fo-  his  share  a 
largo  milk  ]ian  full  of  gold  dust,  with  which  ho 
returned  to  Uregon  City.  He  then  took  an  in- 
terest in  the  flour  mills,  8])eculated  in  lands,  and 
built  the  Colonel  Wright,  the  tirst  steamboat 
on  the  Upper  Columbia  river,  besides  engaging 
in  numerous  other  minor  enterprises.  He  thus 
became  prominently  identified  with  the  devel- 
opment of  Oregon.     He  continued  his  steam- 


i 


043 


rrrsTOKT  of  orroon. 


m 


wx 


buatiiig  for  ycBrs;  Im  hIho  coiitiiiuuil  to  iiicreii 
liis  iiitorest  iii  hirj^o  j^niiitn  of  liiml,  which  co 
Btantly  bcciiinn  Miiirc  viiliiiil)hi. 


I'eiiHe 
coii- 
Thiis  cinMiiii' 
stuiicuH  conhpinul  til  hiiid  hitii  liigh  iiirI  dry  on 
the  shores  ot  iiroypcrity,  out  of  tlie  teinpcHtiions 
Bea  of  toil  ami  jMivtM'ty. 

He  then,  in  ISoH,  iiiovtxi  to  I'ortlaiul.  where 
he  coritiiiiUMl  xtcainhoatiti^,  anil  al^i  l)t'caini>  iii- 
tcrcBteil  in  the  real  crttatt!  of  that  city,  heing 
Blill  a  largo  holilcr  of  properly  in  the  metropo- 
lis, as  well  H8  in  other  towns  on  the  I'afitic  coast, 
ini-ludiiii;  larj^i-  interests  in  California.  In  the 
eiirly  history  of  Oregon  he  S(irv(Mi  suecessfnlly 
as  an  Indian  airent,  and  while  in  Portland  was 
cleeted  a  niotnber  of  the  City  Council,  evincinfr 
ill  all  his  iindertakinfrs  and  otHcial  eapacities  the 
most  excellent  juilginent  and  highest  executive 
ahility. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thotniison  had  ten  children,  all 
of  whom  are  now  living:  Kliza  F.  is  now  Mrs. 
M.  A.  Kinj^,  and  resides  in  San  P'rancisco; 
Sarah  Ann  is  Mrs.  Cajitain  ().  W.  I'lillock,  and 
resides  in  Ari/oim;  Mary  Kllen  resides  at  home 
with  her  father;  the  fourth  is  the  suhject  of  our 
Bketch,  and  was  the  first  to  he  horn  in  Oregon; 
Martha  .1.  is  nrtw  Mrs.  D.  Linderiuan,  and  re- 
sides in  San  Francisco;  S.  F. ;  II.  II.  TlioinpBon, 
resides  at  Uodondo  Ueaeh,  California,  where  his 
father  has  large  interests;  Lillie  is  the  wife  of 
Charles  Yates,  residing  in  San  Francisco;  Frank 
resides  at  Uodondo  lieaeh. 

The  6ni)ject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  I'ortland  schools  and  at  the  Pacific  Univer- 
sity at  Forest  (irove.  Later,  he  aided  his  father 
in  the  stcainlioat  oflice  at  Dalles,  and  had  the 
managenipiit  of  that  end  of  the  husiiiess  for  about 
five  years,  being  also  telcgra])h  operator  there. 
He  was  then  for  a  couple  of  years  in  Washington 
Territory,  where  he  was  engaged  in  stock  busi- 
ness when,  in  1872,  he  came  to  (-ilenn  Mrook 
farm,  in  Yam  Hill  county,  where  helms  since 
resided.  This  property  is  owned  by  his  father, 
and  comprises  ^,'Mi)  acres  ,if  land,  where  Mr. 
Lewis  Thompson  is  farming  mi  a  large  scale, 
raising  grain  in  large  quantities,  and  isalsoe.x- 
teiisively  engaged  in  stock-raising,  principally 
Norninn,  {'erclK-ron  and  Hamilton  horses  and 
Durhani  cattle. 

Mr.  Lewis  is  now  building  on  this  property  a 
large  and  handsome  house,  with  all  modern  im- 
provments.  It  is  situated  on  a  beautiful  eleva- 
tion, and  commands  a  tine  and  extended  view  of 
the  surrounding  country,  including  the  lovely 
valley  in  wliich  his  farm  is  located.     The  river 


is  seen  winding  in  and  out  among  the  verdant 
grounds  of  the  distant  M-eiie,  looking  like  a  sil- 
ver ribbon  from  this  point  of  view.  Altogether 
it  is  as  charming  a  place  as  any  one  would  care 
to  see.  while  a  home  among  these  Burroundings 
Would  be  pronoiinced  a  paradise  liy  many. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  married  in  1H7()  to  Miss 
Fmina  linker,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native  of 
New  York.  She  was  a  daiiglitcr  of  Jacob  and 
Catharine  .Inker,  prominent  and  res|)ected  |)Co- 
ple  of  that  State. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  iiave  four  children: 
Lewis  Leslie,  Lawrence  Eugene,  Clarence  (iiiy 
and  Nina  Helle,  all  intelligent  young  Orego- 
nians,  who  rellect  credit  on  the  State  of  their  na 
tivity. 

Mr.  Thompson  lias  passed  the  chairs  in  both 
branches  of  the  I.  O.  ( ).  F.  and  is  a  inoinber  of 
the  (irand  Loilge. 

In  ])i)litics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  takc>  a 
lively  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  county  and  of 
the  State,  in  both  of  which,  during  his  life  time, 
tie  has  witnessed  with  growing  interest  the  con- 
stantly increasing  development  which,  in  so 
short  a  space  of  time,  has  placed  Oregon  in  the 
van  of  the  glorious  sistcrliood  of  States. 


[.\  VID  STUMI',  an  honored  ( )regoii  pioneer 
of  1H45,  now  deceased,  was  born  in  Ohio 
October  29,  1819,  son  of  John  Stump. 
The  early  life  of  our  subject  was  spent  in  his 
native  State,  where  he  received  his  education, 
but  when  still  a  young  man  he  removed  to  Ijwa, 
and  while  there  sometimes  engaged  in  survey- 
ing. Among  other  surveys  he  laid  out  the  town 
site  of  Oskaloosa.  In  1845  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon,  and  as  he  was  a  good  marksman 
enjoyed  limiting  on  the  way.  IJuffalo,  deer, 
elk  and  antelope  were  plentiful,  and  his  love 
of  hunting  was  fully  gratified.  Upon  reach- 
ing Orego"  he  proceeded  directly  to  Polk  county, 
settled  upon  a  tract  of  land,  which  he  later  sold, 
and  removed  to  California  during  the  mining 
excitement. 

Returning  to  Oregon  he  was  married  March 
10,  1850,  to  Miss  Ci'.'ilieriiie  Elizabeth  Cliamber- 
liii,  daughter  of  .\aron  and  Catherine  (Viles) 
Chamberlin.  The  fatlier  was  a  native  of  New 
York,  born  in  1809,  while  tiie  snother  was  born 
in  New  Jersey  in  1806.  In  1841-  they  crossed 
the  plains  with  five  children,  and  two  were  added 


I     f 


nisTour  OF  oiiKooy. 


u4a 


in  Orogon.  At  the  time  of  tlio  journoy  Mrs. 
Stump  was  liut  ton  yours  of  iigo.  Upuii  iirrival 
in  the  State  of  Orogon  Mr.  ( 'iianiliorlin  took  a 
donatioT),  claim  four  anil  oni'lialf  milts  south  of 
tlu'  |)ro8('nt  >itt'of  >ronmoutii,  ,ind  this  proju-rty 
is  still  o\vn('([  hy  tiioyouni^osl  son.  In  18ti8  hi- 
wont  to  Sonora  to  visit  a  son,  but  was  takon  sick 
and  diod  March,  180U;  his  wife  dying  in  Octo- 
her,  1883,  agod  seventy-eight  yoars. 

Mr.  anil  Mrs.  iStump  liegan  nnirried  life  in  a 
little  logcaliin,  six  miles  sonlii  of  ^loninoutli,  on 
a  doiuition  claim,  which  ^Ir^.  Stump  still  owns. 
They  were  comparatively  poor,  hut  wore  young, 
liopet'ul  and  energetic,  and  their  work  resulted 
in  successful  returns.  Mr.  Stump  engaged  in 
stock-raising,  surveyed  nearly  ail  the  donation 
claims  in  that  porticju  of  the  county,  ami  finally 
becanu-  the  owner  of  2, '200  acres  of  land,  lie 
retired  from  his  farm  in  1878,  and  |>urclia8od  a 
gootl  home  in  Monmouth,  on  the  corner  of  Jack- 
son street  and  (uliege  avenue,  where  his  wife 
and  daughters  now  reside.  In  politics  he  was 
a  Uepublican,  l)uing  elected  dounty  Surveyor  hy 
his  party.  In  the  Legislature  of  1874  he  rt'pre- 
Beiited  hi>  district  in  the  (ieneral  Assembly. 
J)uring  his  life  oui' subject  was  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  with  which  di-nomination  his 
wife  is  still  connected,  and  in  which  he  was  a 
Deacon  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  also  took 
a  deep  and  abiding  interest  in  the  college,  and 
served  as  one  of  its  truetco  for  a  number 
of  years.  After  three  years  of  suffering,  caused 
by  an  attack  of  jiueurnonia,  from  which  he  never 
fully  recovered,  the  release  came  and  Mr.  Stump 
passed  from  this  life  to  the  life  eternal  February 
21,  188t).  lie  died  as  lie  lived,  a  good,  ii|)right 
and  pure  Christian,  and  bis  last  days  wore  filled 
with  a  hope  of  the  everlasting  life  to  which  he 
was  p.ssin;;.  So  exemplary  had  been  his  life 
that  no  fears  assailed  him  on  that  last  bed  of  sick- 
ness. .\s  a  citizen  he  was  highly  esteemed  for 
his  many  noble  traits  of  character.  Two  sons, 
two  daughters  and  his  widow  were  left  to  mourn 
his  demise.  .VU  four  of  the  children  enjoyed 
the  advantage  of  a  college  education,  graduating 
from  the  college  at  Monmouth,  now  the  Cicgon 
State  N'ormal  School,  while  the  two  daughters 
took  a  postgraduate  course  at  Wellesley,  Massa- 
chusetts. The  children  are  as  follows:  .1.  S. 
Stump,  married,  residing  on  the  400  acre  farm 
given  him  by  his  mother;  Mary  S.,  widow  of 
Rev.  T.  F.  Campbell,  who  died  .lanuary  17. 1893, 
resides  witli  her  mother,  as  does  the  other  daugh- 
ter, Cassie  B.;  the  other  son,  John  B.,  has  one 


of  the  finest  farms,  of  000  acres,  in  the  county. 

Mrs.  Stump'-  family  was  on(>  of  the  (list  to 
settli-  in  this  portion  of  the  counfy,  and  she  has 
made  her  honi(«  liori>  for  forty  eiglil  \car>.  .\1- 
thoiigh  very  young  when  the  family  settled  in 
Oregon  she  distitu'tly  remeioliers  wlien  the  Wil- 
lamette valley  was  a  wilderiu-s  of  wild  tiowers, 
and  the  only  roads  the  deep  Indian  trails.  The 
Oibins  of  the  settlers  were  few  and  far  between, 
and  many  have  been  the  hardships  she  has  pass(>d 
through  during  her  long  resilience  in  Oregon. 


■^m 


[\AYVM  P.  COSIIOW.an  Oregon  pioiu-er 
of  1851,  was  born  in  Connersville,  Indiana, 
July  4,  18iU.  His  father,  Uobort  Coshovv, 
was  born  near  Lexington.  Kentucky,  but  emi- 
grated to  Ohio  in  childhood,  and  subsei|iiently 
to  Indiana,  where  ho  was  married  to  J  idia  I'eriii, 
of  that  State,  and  pursued  an  agricidtural  life. 
O.  i'.  Cosliovv  remained  with  his  pariints 
until  the  spring  of  1851,  wlion  he  started  for 
Oregon,  securing  his  transportation  by  driving 
one  of  the  teams  of  II.  B.  Cochran.  'I'Le  journey 
was  fraught  with  the  usual  incidents  of  emi- 
grant travel,  but  as  they  were  well  ei|uip|)e(l 
they  met  with  no  -crious  accident  and  leaclied 
the  farm  of  William  Cochran,  in  Linn  counly, 
after  six  months  of  travel.  This  gentleman  had 
crossed  the  plains  in  1847.  After  helping  li. 
B.  ( 'ocliran  erect  his  cabin  he  started  for  the 
Rogue  river  inincs,  but  sickness  claimed  him 
for  its  own  and  he  returned  to  the  Willamette 
valley  without  hining  made  any  "raise."  In 
1853  he  located  "  claim  one  and  one-half  miles 
north  of  Brownsville  and  engaged  in  t'aruiing 
ami  raising  of  stock.  In  the  Rogue  rivei-  war 
of  1855  and  1850  he  was  a  member  of  Captain 
Keeney's  company,  and  during  the  throe 
months'  campaign  passed  through  severe  en- 
gagements, but  without  accident;  in  fact,  but  one 
man  was  killed  in  the  whole  120  men.  In  1858 
he  sold  his  farm  and  moved  to  tins  Harrisburg 
precinct,  purchased  440  acres  of  land  and  farmed 
it  and  raised  stock  until  18fj'<,  when  he  rented 
his  faun  and  removed  to  Brownsville  to  secure 
school  privileges  for  his  children.  In  tlies|)ring 
of  180U  he  bought  an  interest  in  the  business  of 
J.  M.  Morgan,  and  continued  it  for  five  years 
and  traded  bis  share  in  it  for  stock  in  the 
Brownsville  Woolen  Mill,  but  operated  the  other 
!)U8iiie85i    in  the  iiitej-ests  of  that  corporation. 


044 


UlsrOHY    OF    OREGON. 


'\(ri 


V  f 


M  <.i 


The  ('ruMimiiy  tlit'ii  orrc.toil  tlio  liiiKiin'HH  tilock  nti 
Main  sircot,  fur  wliicli  (nir  Hiil))i'(',t  triKinl  liin 
iriill  hUiiik  ill  IH^SD,  unil  tlicn  (rlo>(i(l  (iiit  tlio  utock 
(if  tilt;  inorcliiiiiilisi!  tliiit  lio  liiul  liri'ii  Iminliiiiir 
Hiiil  riitireil  IVoiii  iictivii  biiHiiit'8>,  fxcfpt  iis  en- 
^H^fil  in  tiiu  liiinillin^  1111(1  Biiluof  real  uHtiitcnnd 
inHiirimci'.  lie  Ktill  owns  820  iicri'H  near  lliir- 
lihliui'ff,  and  liriO  aert's  in  close  |ir<)\iiiiity  to 
the  !'iwn  of  UrownKvillu.  lie  Ik  a  incmlKir  of 
liliic  lo(l(j;n  ami  cliaptcr.  K.  •  ,\.  M.,  and 
tlioiij{li  not  activK  in  poiiticft  in  an  iirfrcnt  advo- 
cate of  educational  iiitttitntionH  for  tliu  liest  iii- 
tcrchtB  of  llio  growing  young  city. 

lie  wan  iiianied  in  1S5M  to  Sarah  E.  ('ocli- 
ran,  dan^liter  of  Williiiiii  Cochran.  They  have 
Lave  had  ten  cliildreii,  iiiiinely:  William  L.,  So- 
iihronia  A.,  wife  of  J.  M.  Howe,  nierchant  in 
Eugene;  Koliert  II.,  hccretary  of  the  Saleni 
Woolen  Mills;.Jiiines  N.,fariner and  stock-raiser; 
Mary  E.  wife  of, I.  Eranzcui,  inedianical  enj^i- 
necr;  (>liver  I'.,  Jr.,  attorney  at  .McMinnville; 
Sanili  E.;  Ida  A.  wife  of  (ieorge  C.  Stanan, 
druggist,  of  Albany;  (ieorf^e  11.  and  Kato  E. 
Mrs.  Cosliow  is  still  living,  death  having  never 
entered  their  doors.  The  lionio  has  also  been 
enlivened  by  eighteen  gratidcliildren,  who  add 
joy  and  uuisic  to  the  household. 


^-^-^ 

^LEY  P.  UOHV  is  a  native  of  Oregon,  born 
near  Salem,  Marion  county,  in  1860.  His 
_^  father,  Thomas  Koby,  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
j^'inia.  but  in  early  nianhood  emigrated  to  Mis- 
souri anil  was  married,  to  Eleanor  Karrens.  He 
then  followed  farmiiig  until  the  spring  of  1854, 
when  lie  purchased  an  o.v  team  and  a  ])ioneer 
outtit,  and  with  his  wife  and  children  set  out 
for  Oregon  across  the  great  plains.  In  due 
time,  without  ])articiilar  incident,  they  landeil  in 
Oregon  and  locating  near  Salem;  followed  farm- 
ing until  1880,  when  Mr.  Roby  returned  to  his 
native  place,  and  remained  there. 

Eley  \\  iis  educated  i a  Marion,  and  then  liegan 
the  struggle  for  support  in  the  finishing  depart- 
ment of  the  Willamette  Woolen  Mills  at  Salem, 
where  he  renjained  two  years  until  the  mill  was 
destroyed  by  tiro.  IJc  then  farmed  until  the 
fall  of  1877,  when  he  secured  a  position  in  the 
finishing  department  if  the  Brownsville  Woolen 
Mills.  In  1882  he  was  put  in  charge  of  the  dry 
finishing  ami  was  miide  foreman  of  the  entiie 
finishing  department  in  1884.     This  position  he 


held  until  the  dissolution  of  the  firm  live  years 
later.  In  the  saiiio  year,  [HHU,  the  Eagle 
WooliMi  Mills  were  organized  and  Mr.  lioliy  be- 
caiiid  a  stockholder  and  with  theopeningof  the 
mill  in  •June,  ho  liiid  the  position  of  foreman 
and  he  is  st'M  in  that  ])osifion. 

lie  was  ipu.rried  in  Mrownsville  in  18T!)  to 
.leiiiiie  Leach,  of  Massachiiselts,  and  they  have 
two  children,  Loim  (iertriide  and  Merle.  The 
family  reside  in  the  cottage  home  that  Mr. 
IJoby  owns,  situated  near  the  mill. 

lie  has  served  two  terms  as  the  I'residcnt  of 
tlie(Jily  Coinicil  and  one  term  as  Mayor  of  the 
city.  This  evinces  the  contidenco  imposed  in 
him  by  liis  town's-peoplc. 

lAlTAI:,  KICIi  AIID  lIOHSOX.deceaeed, 

was  11  native  of  England,  born  in  Derbyshire, 
^.October  'JH,  18'.ilt.  His  father  was' a  hat- 
ter by  occupation,  who  lost  his  wife  and  sought 
a  new  country  in  which  to  rear  his  five  mother- 
less children.  After  some  time  he  decided 
upon  America.  With  linuted means  he  crossed 
the  ocean,  with  a  party  of  Mormons,  under  the 
leadership  of  a  bishop,  who  had  chartered  a  ship 
for  that  purpose  and  landed  at  New  Orleans  in 
March,  1848.  Thence  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri, 
via  steamer.  There  he  made  the  acijuaintanco 
of  Miles  Ayres,  who  was  organizing  a  company 
to  go  to  Oregon,  and  Mr.  llobson  was  persuaded 
to  join  the  train.  Dr.  Whitman  was  also  there 
and  confirmed  their  resolution  of  making  the 
trip.  This  was  the  first  large  emigration  to 
Oregon,  and  the  experiences  over  the  new  route 
were  varied  and  exciting,  Imt  the  "Mecca"'  of 
their  pilgrimage  was  at  last  reached  after  six 
months'  travel,  and  they  fettled  upon  Clatsop 
plains,  where  Mr.  Hobson  pursued  an  agricult- 
ural life. 

Richard-remained  with  his  father  and  assisted 
in  caring  for  the  farm,  and  in  1858  was  married 
to  Miss  Kate  Iv.  Young,  of  English  descent,  a 
native  of  Australia,  who,  with  her  parents  and 
eight  brothers  and  sisters,  emigrated  to  Oregon, 
in  1849.  Not  liking  the  climate  of  Oregon,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Young  returned  to  .Vustralia  in  1854, 
and  the  same  year  Richard  llobson  and  wife 
sailed  for  the  same  land.  Locating  near  Mel- 
bourne, Mr.  llobson  secured  and  completed 
several  targe  contracts  for  the  fencing  of  large 
estates,  and   was   thus    employed    until    1859, 


tttsfOHY  ill''  iHiKnoN. 


MS 


wlitiii  lio  rutiii'iiud  to  Ui'cgxti  mill  piiicliiirioil  ti 
I'nriii  (III  CliitHop  |i|iitnri.  ilc  then  liiiilt  u  ^lllllll 
Hiiil-l)(iiit  luiil  ran  upon  tlie  l)iiy  liotwt'en  ('liitsop 
iii\(l  Astoriii,  doin^  ii  gciiiTiil  pasaeiii^iM'  ami 
IVeiffiit  l)ll8inoK^.  After  ;v  few  yeiirM  lio  eili;iij{eil 
ill  stuainliimtiiiir  about  I  ho  rivor,  and  Hecuriiiir 
a  pildt'a  liceiimi  for  hotli  liar  and  river,  uperateu 
i)ctweon  the  ocean  and  Portland,  an  opportunity 
permitted.  In  1871  he  roinovetl  his  I'ainily  to 
Awfitria,  jiurcliased  city  |)rop«'rty  and  estalilished 
a  home,  continuing  to  operate  upon  the  ri\er 
until  187n,  when,  through  failiuj^  heallii,  lie 
Hougiit  a  dryer  cliiniite  and  pa8ned  tiie  winter  in 
the  Sandwich  islands;  iiiiding  relief  he  ii;^ain 
sought  those  islands,  in  the  tall  of  1877,  but 
died  at  sea,  on  the  bark,  Jane  A.  Ki''.'inbur<r, 
while  returniii;^  to  Orcj^oii,  May  24,  1878.  lie 
was  a  man  with  whom  honesty  was  a  watch- 
word; stroiin;  an<l  practical  in  his  Christian 
priiici|de8,  noble,  pure  and  widely  iiioiirned. 
Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Uoli.-ion  had  nine  children,  four  of 
wlioin  survive,  namely:  William,  now  en^aireM 
in  steaiiiboating  on  I'uj^et  sound;  Mary  1,,  now 
Mrs.  John  Pliair,  of  San  Francisco;  Etta  A., 
wife  of  11.  V.  I'rail,  a  business  man  of  Astoria, 
and  Charles,  now  securing  his  education. 


-^■*Z^-^ 


fllOMAS  M.  SHOUTUIUGK,  contractor 
and  builder,  Sheridan,  Oregon,  is  a  son  of 
oiiii  of  the  honored  pioneers  of  this  State. 
lie  was  born  on  his  father's  donation  claim  in 
Yam  Hill  county,  June  ".iO,  185(5. 

Charles  Franklin  Shortridge,  his  father,  a 
native  of  Virfrinia,  was  born  February  11,  1811, 
a  descendant  of  English  ancestors,  who  settled  in 
the  Old  Dominion  lonif  previous  to  the  Revolu- 
tion. Gi'andfather  William  Shortridge  was  a 
soldier  all  through  the  strugjrle  for  independ- 
ence. The  mother  of  our  subject,  nee  Emeline 
Fields,  is  a  Kentucky  lady,  the  date  of  her  birth 
beini;  May  2li,  1827.  She  is  a  dauirhter  of 
James  Fields.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shortridj^e  were 
married  In  Kentucky,  and  in  that  State  liad  two 
children:  Lewis  L..  and  Corilla,  now  Mrs. 
Leightoii,  of  Oakland,  California.  In  1853  they 
came  across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  landinir  at 
I'ortlaiid  after  a  long  and  tedious  journey. 
That  was  the  memorable  cholera  year.  Many 
were  the  new  niado  graves  by  the  wayside,  each 
with  its  own  sad  story.  One  man  in  the  Short- 
ridge party  died  of  cholera,  ami  Mr.  Shortridge 


hiniself  caiiiu  near  dyin;^.  In  October  he  i-eaclieil 
Colonel  (Jraves',  now  the  I'ewlev  farm,  and  fioni 
there  crossed  the  hills  aiul  look  adoniti  ion  citiini 
ofiVilMicres  of  land.  Here  he  built  a  little 
hou^e  and,  his  money  all  being  spent,  he  and 
his  family  li.'gan  life  in  Oregon  with  absoluli'ly 
nothing.  Oil  this  property  the  worthy  pioneer 
lived  and  toiled  from  18.")2  to  l^x;t,  making  a 
living,  improving  his  land  and  raising  a  re- 
spected family.  His  life  was  cliaracti  rized  by 
simpli<'itv,  indiistiy  and  frugality,  ami  in  all  the 
world  he  had  not  an  enemy.  His  death  oc- 
curred .laniiary  19.  188;t,  in  ihe  se\(Mily-second 
year  of  his  ag(<.  He  had  long  been  a  devotee! 
Christian  ami  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church.  Ho  was  a  lle|iublicaii  from  the  or- 
ganization of  that  iiarty,  and  during  the  Uebol- 
lion  was  a  strong  I  iiioii  man.  The  land  « liiidi 
ho  seciireil  from  the  (iovernmeiit  and  Ihe  home 
which  be  built  are  still  owned  by  the  fami'y. 
His  venerable  widow,  a  (!liristiaii  mother,  and 
an  excellent  type  of  the  pioneer  women  of  Ore- 
gon, now  resiiles  with  her  son  in  Sheridan. 
Of  Mr.  Sliortridge's  children  we  record  that 
Ann,  the  only  child  by  his  first  wife,  married 
Franklin  Crowl,  and  resides  in  Missouri;  Olive 
().,  dieil  in  her  third  year;  Hester  married 
■lames  Fristo,  and  resides  in  Morrow  coiinly, 
Oregon;  Lt>wis,  born  in  18 18,  in  Kentucky,  at- 
teniled  McMinnville  College,  enlisted  at  the  ago 
of  eighteen  in  Company  15,  I'"ir8t  Oregon  Uegi- 
nieiil,  served  three  years,  and  is  at  present  |)ro- 
prietor  of  a  hotel  in  Uolph,  a  great  summc^r 
resort;  Thomas  M.  is  the  ne.\t  son;  Samuel,  an 
engineer,  unmarried  and  living  with  his  mother 
in  Sheridan. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm,  attended  school  at  Monmonth  and 
Sheridan,  and  in  his  youth  learned  tlu!  trade  of 
carpenter.  In  187i)  he  went  to  CaliJ'-'rnia,  re- 
sided two  years  in  Contra  Costa  connr-,  and 
while  there  was  married  November  1><,  I88'.i. 
to  Miss  Anna  L.  Ware,  a  native  of  Missouri. 
Her  father,  .lolin  Ware,  came  to  (Jalifornia  in 
1849;  mined  two  years  and  made  a  fortune;  re- 
turned East  for  bis  family;  is  now  eigbty-six 
years  of  age  and  resiiles  in  Contra  Costa  county. 

After  tlieir  marriage  .Mr.  and  Mrs.  Short- 
ridge came  to  Oregon.  For  two  years  lie  con- 
ducted his  father's  furin.  Then  he  purchased 
property  in  Sheridan,  built  a  residence  and 
moved  here,  and  has  since  been  eiigiiged  in 
house  building.  He  is  a  man  of  good  business 
ability,  is  well  imformed  on  all  general  topics  of 


M6 


iiiBToar  OF  ontaoojf. 


ISllli: 


iA 


the  (lay,  and  ie  justly  pmiid  of  his  imtivo  State. 
Politically  he  atHliatos  with  tiie  l'eo|)ln'.s  party. 
lie  helongK  to  the  Masonic  order,  and  both  he 
and  his  wife  are  meinhers  of  the  Coiigre<>;ational 
C'hiircli.  Ijfing  active  workiirs  in  the  same  and 
are  helpini;  to  hiiild  tln'ii'  uvw  eliiirch  edifice  in 
Sliei'iilau.  They  have  two  children :  Ktta  May 
and  Thomas  li. 


lATlIA.N  Ili'SSEV.  II  venerable  Oregon 
iionecr  of  1845,  and  one  of  the  very  Hvst 
settlers  in  the  western  jiartof  I'olk  county, 
was  born  in  the  State  nf  Oiiio  I  )eceniber  14, 
1S15,  son  of  Nathan  and  Mary  (Stewart)  Ilns- 
sey,  natives  of  Virfjinia.  The  ancestors  of  the 
family  emigrated  from  France  to  America 
previous  to  the  lievolution  and  settled  in  the 
Old  Dominion.  The  father  of  our  subject 
served  in  the  war  of  181'i.  He  and  his  wife  had 
nine  children,  of  whom  oidy  three  arc  living: 
Nathan  and  his  two  sisters.  Natlian  wan  two 
years  old  when  the  family  removed  to  Illinois, 
and  in  that  Slate  he  was  icared  on  his  father's 
farm,  receiving  his  education  in  the  primitive 
loif  Kchoolhouse. 

In  1845,  hearing  (jf  the  rich  soil  and  mild 
climate  of  Oregon,  Mi.  llnssev  crossed  the 
plains  with  ox  teams  to  this  const,  bringing 
"ith  him  seven  yoke  <ir  oxen  and  ten  cows.  The 
'ollowing  spring  he  settled  on  a  donation  claim, 
then  a  bcantirul,  cK'an  country,  all  the  trees  on 
the  hills  having  grown  up  since.  Uerelie  built 
his  little  home  and  eng.iged  in  stock-raising,  and 
here  he  has  resided  forty-six  years,  having  ac- 
complished many  a  hard  day's  work  on  this 
property,  lie  is  now  seventy-seven  years  old, 
and  still  keeps  up  his  work  as  of  yoi'e.  lie  is 
one  of  the  two  survivors  of  the  first  settlers  «{ 
this  jiart  of  the  county. 

Mr.  llussey  was  luari'ied  in  Illinois  in  18;{(i, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Din-dcu,  a  native  of  that  State, 
ami  at  the  time  they  came  to  Oregon  they  had 
three  children:  William  11.  Harrison,  Nor- 
man and  tJliristophcr.  all  now  married  and  set- 
tled in  life.  They  had  six  children  Iiorn  in 
<>re!»on.one  of  wlnnn.  I!lii!al)etli,  died  in  thy 
twenty-second  year  of  her  age.  Mrs.  llussey 
passed  away  in  1S7~.  The  other  children  are: 
.lulia.  wife  of  h.  M.  Wallace,  settled  near  lier 
father;  Sophia,  also  married;  kiley  and  Krank 
Nathan,  at  lioriw;  and  Wiutield  Scott,  a  resident 
of  BalUton, 


As  the  years  |)asse(l  by  and  Mr.  llussey  be- 
came able  lie  pnrchasecl  300  acres  of  land, 
which  he  gave  to  the  two  oldest  .sons.  lie  also 
gave  another  son  160  acres,  and  now  has  lliO 
acres  tor  himself.  He  is  li\  ing  with  his  eldest 
son,  I-'rank.  His  political  relations  have  always 
been  with  the  Hepublican  party.  During  the 
Salmon  river  excitement,  hi'  went  to  the  mines 
aiul  returned  with  a  few  hundred  dollars  in 
gold.  l''ew  men  have  lived  as  peaceable  a  life 
as  he.  He  has  never  sued  and  has  never  been 
sued. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  one  of  ( )regon's 
brave  pioneers,  one  who  had  the  courage  to 
break  away  from  civilization  and  become  ('lie  of 
the  men  who  tmide  it  possible  for  the,  then,  un 
settled  Territory  to  become  the  great  State  of 
Orearon. 


-*-.< 


fVKUS  HLAllv,  an  ent(»rprising  farmer  of 
Polk  county,  was  horn  on  his  fathei's  do- 
nation claim  in  this  county,  .lannary  1, 
185'J.  Of  his  life  and  ancestry  we  make  the 
following  brief  record: 

The  Ulairs  originated  in  Ireland.  CTrand- 
father  Blair  emigrated  from  the  Emerald  Isle 
and  settled  in  N'^irginia,  where  his  son,  Thomas 
R.  IJiair,  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  Ixu'n  in  the  yc^ar  1818.  In  1844  Mr. 
Thomas  U.  niair  crossed  the  ])lain8  to  f)regon 
with  o\  teams.  After  his  safe  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon, Mr.  Blair  located  (i40  acres  of  land  on  ilijl 
creek,  five  miles  southwest  of  where  the  town  of 
Slieriilan  now  is.  He  was  among  the  very 
earliest  pioneers  of  that  part  of  E'olk  county, 
and  made  a  (dioice  selection  'if  land.  Soon 
aftei'  his  arrival  here  he  marrieil  Miss  Kmoline 
Buoil.  They  built  a  cabin  on  their  claim  and 
began  pioneer  life  in  a  primitive  manner.  .Mr. 
Hlair  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and 
by  an  honest  and  imlustrious  life  was  prospered. 
lie  interested  himself  in  every  thing  that  per- 
tained to  the  well  bein^  '-^  *'"'  i-ettlers  and  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  State.  He  was 
a  Hepublican  in  ]iolitics,  and  was  nomiinited  by 
his  party  as  a  candidate  for  the  State  Legislature, 
hut  declined  the  honor.  He  was  Postmaster  for 
a  time  and  also  held  the  oHice  of  .lustice  of  the 
Peace.  He  helped  to  organize  the  Mill  (reek 
(irange.  No.  01,  was  an  officer  in  the  lodge,  and 
did  all  he  could  to  improve  the  condition  of  his 


HISTORY    OF   OREnON. 


U4T 


neif^libora  ami  liiiiiei^lf.  Three  of  their  nine 
children  dieil  in  infancy.  The  others  have 
grown  to  be  respected  citizens  of  their  native 
State.  Nathan,  the  oldest,  is  a  blacksmith,  and 
resides  near  the  old  homestead;  ^[atilda.  is  the 
wife  of  William  liidgeway;  William  A.,  is 
married  atid  resides  on  a  farm  in  this  vicinity; 
Sarah  A.,  lives  witli  her  sister,  Mrs.  Uidj^eway; 
Thomas  E.  is  inarried  and  lives  on  a  farm  two 
miles  and  a  half  from  the  old  home.  The 
mother  of  these  children  died  July  (J,  1877.  She 
was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and 
hers  was  a  beautifnl  character,  a  representative 
pioneer  woman,  a  devoted  wife,  a  loving  mother, 
and  an  earnest  Christian.  About  a  year  after 
her  death,  Mr.  I'lair  married  Miss  Emma  Co- 
sand.  Tiieir  only  child  they  named  Lloyd  H. 
Mr.  lilair  died  on  his  farm  March  lt>,  1881. 
lie  led  an  upright  and  industrioiis  life,  was 
prospered  in  his  uiideitakings,  and  raised  a  n^- 
spectable  family. 

Cyrus  was  reared  ow  his  father's  farm,  at- 
tended the  public  school,  and  completed  his  ed- 
ucation with  a  course  in  the  i'ortland  Husiness 
College,  graduating  in  188.").  lie  inherited 
ninetv-eight  acres  of  his  father's  donation  claim, 
which  portion  included  the  family  residence. 
All  his  life  has  beeTi  devoted  to  farming  and 
stock-raising.  Prosperity  has  attended  his 
earnest  efforts,  he  has  added  to  the  land  he  in- 
herited, and  is  now  the  owner  of 'i'JS  acres,  lo- 
cated on  a  beautiful  little  stream  in  a  pictiir- 
esijue  and  rich  j)orlion  of  I'olk  comity. 

August  10,  1885.  he  inarried  Miss  Elizabeth 
I>.  Miller,  a  native  of  Yam  Hill  county,  and  a 
daui'hter  of  K.  J.  Miller.  They  have  three 
children:  Richard  K.,  Velna  M.,  and  Madie 
E,.  living;    and  one,  Cyrus  W..  deceased. 

Mr.  lilair  is  a  memlu'r  of  the  (range,  and  i9 
Secretary  of  his  lodge.  He  aflili^-tps  wuli  tl;e 
Kepubliean  party. 


[ILLIAM  MAUZEV.  another  one  of  the 
( )rcgon  pioneers  of  1843,  was  born  in 
Fleming  county.  Kentucky,  March  10, 
18l9.  His  father,  Thomas  Maiizey,  «as  liorn 
in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  in  1803.  and  when  a  la<l 
moved  with  his  father,  I'eter  Maiizey.  to  Ken- 
tucky, being  among  the  early  eettlers  of  that 
State.  Peter  Maiizey  died  in  Keiit".''ky.  The 
ancestors   of   the     .Maiizey    family    came    frniii 


France  at  an  eilrly  day  and  settled  in  the  South. 
Thomas  Mauzey  inarried  Miss  Lucinda  l.awson, 
a  native  of  Kentucky,  born    in    180'J,    daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Sally  (Kice)   Lawson,  the  former 
of  Welsh  and  the  latter  of  Irish  ancestry.  They 
had  a  family  of  eleven   children,    the  subject  of 
our  sketch    being  the  fourth  born.     The  father 
died  in  Kentucky  in  the  si.xty-tifth  year  of  his 
age;  the  imither  passed  away  at  the  ago  of  fifty. 
William    .Maiizey  was  reared  and  etlucated  in 
his  native  State.      He  attended  school  in  a  little   ■ 
log  schoolhou>e,  with  only  the  New  Testament 
for  a   reailiiig   book,   and  with  a  teacher  whose 
time  was  employed  chiefly  in. wielding  the  rod. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  (Hie  Mr.  Maiizey   removed 
to  Missouri,  whore  he  ])cddled  v.'ith  a  wagim  for 
three  years.       In    1813   he    crossed  the    plains 
with  oxen  to  Oregon,  driving  a  team  to  pay  for 
his  hoard.     They  started  on  the  25th  of   May, 
made  a  safe  journey,  and  arrived  at  their  desti- 
nation   ( )ctol)cr    25.      He    came    clircct    to  the 
Tualatin  plains  and  took  the  donation  claim  of 
320  acres   of  rich    land,  on  which  he  has  .--ince 
resided.      Here  he    built  the   log  cabin   of  the 
jiioneer  and  "bached"  about  four  years,  during 
which  time  he  pas,sed  through  many  hard>hi|)s. 
He   went   ragged   and    barefooted  and   lived  on 
boiled  wheat  while  he  cultivated  his  land,  plow- 
ing with  a  rude  Wooden  plow,  with  an  iron  jioiiit 
bolted  to  it.     .\fter  the  second  year  he  got  flour 
and   livcil    better;    but  as  he   looks  back  at  the 
siill'ering  and  privations  ho  endiireil  be  feels  that 
the  Oregon   pioneer's  laml  cost  him  twice  what 
it  was   worth.     However,   he  lived   through  it 
and  saw  brighter  days.     June  10, 1847,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Ellen  Evans,  daiiohler  of   1  >r.    Evans, 
a  physician  and   P.aptist  minister  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1815.      I.il'o  on  the  firm  then  becaiiio 
more  pleasant.     The  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia allured  many  nf  the  ( >regon  pinncers  to 
that  State  in  the  spring  of  1849,   and    with   the 
o\i)rlan<l  tlirong  went  Mr.  Mauzey  and  his  wife. 
•Vfter  remaining  at  Sacramento  two  years  they 
returned   to  their   farm,   and  on  it  ho  has  since 
resided. 

They  had  live  children,  all  of  whom  are  living: 
The  eldest  daiighler,  Lucinda  Jane,  is  imw  the 
widmv  of  Irving  Pallard  and  resides  in  Seattle; 
Thomas  Alexander  is  in  the  lumber  business  in 
Washington;  Maria  is  the  wife  of  William 
Heagle,  and  resides  on  a  farm  at  Pendleton; 
Martha  Ann  inarried  James  Imbrie:  tliey  are 
fanners  and  reside  near  her  father;  the  young- 
est child,  Mary   Laticia,   married    L.    L.   Smith, 


h    ,' 


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S43 


OiafoRY  OP  oiiBauN. 


wlio  is  condiictiiii^  a  nieiit  luiirket  at  I'ortlaiul. 
Mrs.  Mauzey  died  in  l>s01.  In  18(19  Mr. 
Mauzey  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Kentucky, 
aniT  while  there  Miiirricil  Miss  Martha  .Jones,  a 
native  of  Fleinin<:f  county,  born  June  8,  1832. 
8he  is  tlie  dauijiiter  of  Aniinon  Jones,  of  tliat 
State. 

Mr.  Mauzey  is  (Uie  (»f  the  most  prosperous 
farmers  of  tiie  vicinity  in  which  lie  lives.  He 
has  Ipought  an<l  sold  several  farms,  and  is  now 
.  the  owner  of  his  original  donation  claim  and 
fifty  acres  more  adjoininir  it.  lie  and  his  wife 
are  charter  members  of  the  (irange,  atid  he  is 
I'ast  Master  of  his  lodge,  lie  haj  been  a  lie- 
publican  since  the  organization  of  that  party, 
and  while  ho  has  declined  oitice,  he  has  always 
taken  a  deep  intei'cst  in  the  atfairs  of  his  county, 
the  State  and  the  .Nation. 


#3-M^^ 


fOUN  S.  JACKSON,  a  native  of  Washing- 
ton county,  and  one  of  its  prosperous  farm- 
ers, was  born  on  his  father's  donation  claim 
November  23,  1855.  His  father,  John  H.  Jack- 
son, was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  State.  He 
was  born  in  Virginia  March  14,  1820.  a  rela- 
tive of  "Old  Hickory"  Jackson,  and  in  the  Old 
Dominion  he  was  reared.  When  a  young  man 
lie  went  to  Iowa,  and  in  1843  came  to  ()regon. 
On  this  long  journey  he  drove  oxen  for  his 
board,  being  then  a  single  man  and  bringing 
nothing  witlL  him  save  a  trusty  old  Kentucky 
ritli'.  w  liich  is  still  the  projierty  of  John  S.  Jack- 
sdti.  The  trip  was  madi-  in  safety,  and  upon 
his  ai'rival  in  Oregan  young  Jackson  eanie  di- 
I'ect  to  Washington  county,  and  took  a  donation 
claim  of  64*)  acres,  located  three  miles  north- 
east of  the  |iresent  town  of  (tlencoe.  Here  he 
establishi'd  his  home,  improved  a  farm,  and  be- 
came one  of  the  prominent  factors  in  developing 
the  interests  of  this  part  of  the  country.  He 
built  the  tirst  grist  and  sawmill  here.  TIk.  dis- 
covi'rv  of  gohl  in  California  took  him  overland 
to  the  miiu'S  in  1840.  He  was  sick,  however, 
and  did  not  remain  there  long.  On  his  return 
home  lu'  devoted  his  attention  to  his  mills,  was 
prosperous  in  his  undertakings,  and  became  the 
owner  of  1. 1(H)  acres  of  laud  besides  property  in 
the  city  of  Portland.  In  -Inly,  184(!,  he  mar- 
ried M'ss  Saiah  S.  I'arkor,  a  native  of  Virginia, 
born  ill  1829.  daughti-r  of  Hon.  Samuel 
I'arker,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1845,  and  at  one 


time  a  member  of  the  Oregon  Legislature.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Jackson  had  nine  <diildreii,  as  follows: 
Mary  Elizabeth,  liorn  May  1,  1847,  died  June 
16,  181)7,  leaving  two  daughters;  Margaret  An- 
gelitie,  boi'ii  Deeeinber  22,  1848,  married  John 
Dorland,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Goldendale, 
Washington;  Rachel  C,  died  of  coii8um|)tion 
on  her  iiitieteenth  birthday;  Henry  X.,  died  in 
his  fifth  year;  John  S.;  Amanda  S.,  born  No- 
vember 3,  1857,  is  the  wife  of  li.  J.  Newell, 
(foldendtde,  Washington;  Andrew  (r.,  who  died 
ill  his  seventeenth  year;  Kllen  L.  is  the  wife  of 
Samuel  Johnson  and  resides  in  Washingtcui 
county;  (J.  S.  Jackson,  born  Marelil,  18(58,  ilied 
Seiiteinber  8,  18!»2.  The  father  died  Ueeein- 
ber  22,  1869.  His  wi<low  still  survives  and  is 
now  in  the  sixty-third  vea:'  of  her  age. 

John  S.  .facksoii  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  and  in  Tualatin  Acadetny.  and  when  he 
beciime  of  at£e  eii<;ajred  in  farminir.  and  has 
since  had  charge  of  the  old  ho/ie  place.  He  is 
ii  stanch  Ilepublicaii,  has  served  four  years  as 
Constable  and  two  years  as  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
and  February  15,  1892,  was  appointed  Post- 
master of  (ilencoe.  He  has  the  contidence  and 
good  will   of   all  who  know  him. 


^'-e^^-^s-- 


KOIKJE  AINSLIE,  the  able  and  popular 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Ainslie  & 
Company,  sash  and  door  manufacturers, 
Portland,  and  an  Oregon  jiioncer  of  1864,  was 
born  in  Scotlan<l  December  Li.  1835.  He  was 
raised  and  educated  in  his  native  country,  where 
he  learned  the  carpenters'  trade,  and  where  he 
remained  until  he  arrived  at  maturity.  He 
then  sought  his  fortune  in  America,  where  he 
hoped  to  have  a  better  opportunity   to  prosper. 

He  arrived  in  Delaware  county,  New  V(U'k, 
in  1857,  and  distinctly  remembers  the  trying 
times  of  the  civil  war.  He  was  in  New  York 
city  at  the  time  of  the  great  riot,  when  he  and 
eighty  carpenters  wi're  working  on  Mr.  .\.  T. 
Stewart's  store,  and  Mr.  Stewart  came  into  the 
ImiliJiiig  and  told  them  to  go  home  and  wait 
until  it  was  over,  and  their  pay  would  go  on 
just  the  same.  They  went  home,  but  later  some 
of  the  men  then  joined  the  nuib. 

From  New  V'oik  city  Mr.  Ainslie  went  to 
I'eaufort,  South  Carolina,  where  he  was  con- 
nected  with    the    Quartermaster's  Department. 


ntaroRY  of  ouEoojv, 


(M« 


Later  he  left  Buautbrt  with  tlie  inleiitioii  of  go- 
ing to  Oregon,  Init  soiiieof  his  friends  persimdud 
hiiu  toaccoin])any  thi'tn  to  San  Francisco.  Ac- 
cordingly, the  j)arly  returned  to  New  York  city, 
where  tiiey  set  sail,  arriving  in  due  tiiiif  at  their 
destination.  They  worked  durinf.r  the  suinnier 
in  San  Francisco;  when  work  failed,  and  Mr. 
Ainslie  ',■:'.::;;-  to  Portland,  which  nunihereij  at 
that  time,  in  1864,  .-.hout  6,000  inhahitants. 

Soon  after  his  arrival,  1;«^  fortunately  met  Mr. 
Porter,  \vi>o  was  building  on  Third  street,  next 
to  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  who  gave  Mr. 
Ainslie  work,  which  continued  untiU/hristnias, 
when  tile  rain  became  so  heavy  they  were  told 
to  (juit  work.  On  being  told  this,  Mr.  Ainslie 
replied,  "If  that  is  the  ease,  1  will  return  to  San 
Francisco,"  whereupon  Mr.  Porter  told  him  to 
stay  and  he  would-try  to  give  him  work  in  the 
shop.  Soon  after  this  he  was  made  foreman  by 
J.  C.  Carson,  for  whom  he  continued  to  work 
until  1872,  when  he  started  in  business  for  him- 
self in  a  sash  and  door  factory  on  the  corner  of 
Second  and  E.  streets.  Jle  was  soon  afterward 
burned  out,  losing  everything,  bnt  immediately 
restarted  his  business,  when,  after  three  years 
of  gratifying  success,  he  was  again  burnecl  out, 
and  although  he  had  $9,000  insurance  on  his 
property  and  goods,  he  lost  heavily. 

lie  then  started  in  business  with  Mr.  Lewis 
and  Captain  Flanders,  who  advised  him  to  re- 
move to  Fourteenth  and  P  streets.  Accordingly, 
ho  rented  the  block  on  that  corner,  on  which  he 
erected  a  large  and  complete  factory,  occupying 
the  ground  as  a  tenant  for  ten  years,  when  the 
lease  having  I'xpired.  he  purchased  the  block. 
llis  present  partner  is  Mr.  Fred  Eilers.  Mr. 
Ainslie  has  purchased  a  second  block  adjoining, 
besides  other  lots  in  the  city,  all  of  which  have 
greatly  increased  in  value  since  he  purchased 
them,  lie  has  built  a  large  and  comfortaiile 
residence  on  the  corner  of  Eighth  and  Main 
streets,  where  he  and  his  family  reside. 

After  an  absence  from  his  native  country  of 
eighteeii  years,  he  fiiudly  returned  on  a  visit  to 
his   relatives  and   to  the  home  of  his  childhood. 

In  1806  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarisa  Smith, 
an  estimable  lady  and  a  native  of  Iowa,  who 
crosseil  the  jilnins  with  her  brother  and  other 
relatives  in  an  early  day.  They  have  three 
cliildren,  all  born  in  Portland:  George  Ainslie, 
Jr.,  Phemie  and  Carrie. 

Mr.  .Vinslie  is  Ilc^publican  in  his  political  af- 
tiliations,  and  althouitii  lakinu:  no  active  part  in 
public  ati'airs  is  deeply  interested  in  the  welfare 


antl  progress  of  his  State  and  adopted  country. 

lie  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  I'resbyteriati 
Church,  to  which  he  has  rendered  ellicient  aid. 

The  Scotch  in  this  countiy  are  so  invariably 
in<lustrious,  honest  and  pros|)i'rou>.  that  the 
name  has  become  synonyuions  with  all  that  sig- 
nities  worth  and  success.  The  present  instance 
forms  no  exception,  Mr.  Ainslie  beinir  emi- 
nently deserving  of  his  good  fortune. 

^^■^^■'^ 

tir.  ALLEN,  one  of  the  leading  business 
men  of  Albany,  Oregon,  was  born  in  <  bi- 
»  tario  county.  New  York,  in  18iJ7,  son  of 
Stephen  and  Martha  ((ieinin)  Allen,  also  na- 
tives of  the  Empire  State,  llis  father  was  a 
carriage  manufacturer.  In  18-KI  he  moved  to 
.lelfersoii  county,  Wisconsin,  an<l  ojiened  a  small 
manufactory,  which  he  conducted  until  the 
spring  of  1852.  At  that  time  he  started  for 
California,  but  was  destined  never  to  reach  the 
Golden  State.  While  on  the  plaiTis  near  I'oi-t 
Laramie,  he  died  of  cholera. 

N.  II.  Allen  received  his  i^arly  education  iti 
Wisconsin,  and  comj)leteil  his  studies  in  Chica 
go.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  was  employed  as 
bookkeeper  in  that  city,  lu.>ing  thus  eng;ig'  ' 
two  years,  lie  then  opened  a  gi'ocery  sto  >  . 
afterward  did  a  dry-goods  bu>iness  and  was  en 
gaged  in  speculation  until  18T1.  In  the  mem- 
orable tire  of  that  year  he  sulfered  great  tinan- 
cial  loss,  and  subseiiueiitly  closed  up  liis  business 
afVaii-s  and  started  for  the  Pacitic  coast.  He 
arrived  in  Albany,  Oregon,  in  August,  IS74, 
and  has  since  been  identitied  with  the  interests 
of  this  city,  lie  purchased  of  L.  Mart'.n  a  hiilf 
interest  in  the  old  saw  and  |)ianing  mill,  at  the 
foot  of  Montgomery  street,  which  they  operated 
about  seven  years,  bringing  logs  frons  tlie  (Cas- 
cade mountains.  They  ke|)t  from  thirty  to 
fifty  inei\  employed  in  the  mountains  cutting 
logs,  and  not  oidy  8up])liei|  their  own  uiill,  but 
als(j  fui'nislied  logs  for  other  mills  below,  thus 
doing  an  extensive  business.  Mr.  Allen  ,-okl 
his  interest  in  the  mill  in  ].S>il.  but  subse- 
quently purchased  the  tMitirc  jtroperty  and  still 
owns  it.  In  1881  Messrs,  Allen  it  .Martin 
engaged  in  the  dry-goods  business  in  Albany. 
At  the  end  of  two  years  Mr.  Martin  retired,  and 
Mr.  Allei'  continued  the  busines^  ahun^  until 
1887,  when  he  sold  a  half  interest  to  W.  F, 
liead.  and  the  following  year  .Mr.  Kead  bought 


.  mm 


//^ 


060 


niSTOHY    OF    OHKGON. 


i|i 


the  ofliiM- half.  Since  then  Mr.  Allen  has  devoted 
Ill's  time  to  the  niaim^'eiiicnt  of  his  electric  light 
syBtfin,  which  he  cKtablished  March  -9,  181^7. 
Seciiiinir  water-power,  erectiiiji  bnildinirs,  and 
conuiienciii^  operations  witii  one  Schnyler  arc 
and  one  Westiiiii'.ioiifie  incandescent  machine,  he 
pusluMJ  hi,-  enterprise  forward,  and  wired  the 
town  for  tliirtv-tive  arc  and  ij'25  si.xteen-caiidle 
jiower  incandescent  lights,  deiiionstratinir  tlie 
practicability  of  tjie  project,  lie  sold  stock  and 
in  July,  lS8il.  incorporated  a-  the  .Mbany  Elec- 
tric, Lii^ht-l'ower  &  Telephone  Company.  The 
business  has  increased  to  such  proportions  that 
he  has  already  doubled  liis  capiicity  and  in  the 
near  future  will  add  machinery  to  meet  the  in- 
creasiiiir  demands.  Mr.  Allen  retains  a  con- 
trolling' int(Te8t  in  the  company  and  acts  as 
secretary  and  manager,  lie  was  one  of  the  or- 
ganizers of  the  .Mbany  .Millin<j  &  Miiiip^.'  '.'om- 
pany,  in  which  he  fills  the  otfice  of  vice-presi- 
dent. 

Of  his  i)rivale  life  it  should  be  stated  that 
Mr.  Allen  was  married  in  <!liicaii;o.  in  1878.  to 
Miss  Mary  N.  llaiiawalt,  a  native  of  Iowa.  They 
lia\e  fdiir  children:  Edna,  Mamie,  Frank  and 
Alma,  lie  built  his  residence  corner  of  Sixth 
and  r.aker  .streets,  in  1880,  and  besides  this 
owns  other  valuable  property  in  .Vlbany,  and 
lias  200  acres  of  timber  land  near  Brownsville. 

Mr.  Allen  is  a  Knight  Templar,  \.  V.  &  A. 
M.,  and  a  member  of  the  K.  of  I',  and  the  A. 
().  r.  \V.  Politics  and  |>iiblic  oflice  are  not  in 
liis  line,  but  in  businei-s,  enterprise  and  devel- 
opnienf,  he  is  among  the  "hustlers"  of  the  city. 

—^••mm^^ — 

tO.N.  THOMAS  11.  CU.WVKOIil),  oneof 
Union  county'.*  leading  attorneys,  was 
born  ill  Washington  county,  .Vrkaiisas, 
March,  184s,  nnd  was  the;  oldest  in  a  f'iiiiiily  of 
eigli^,  children  born  to  (ieorge  A.  ;iiid  Martha 
.1.  ( Wilsiin)  ('rawl'oicl,  natives  of  'IVniies^ee,  who 
emigrated  to  <  >regon  in  1870,  settled  in  Clack- 
amas county,  and  there  died  soon  after  coming 
to  the  State. 

Thomas  received  a  common  school  edncatioii 
in  the  |)nblic  schools  of  Arkansas,  but  he  was 
not  siitislied  with  this  and  .so  entered  the  State 
.\giicultural  ('o'lei);e  at  (,'orvallis,  from  which 
he  giadnatcd  in  1874.  He  then  chose  the  pro- 
fession i'(  law  for  liis  calling.  Although  he 
poseessed  no  ineaiis  to  carry  on   his  studies,  he 


was  ambitious,  and  tluM'efore  taught  school  to 
obtain  the  sufficient  funds.  He  read  law  with 
•Iiidge  Kelsey.  of  ("orvallis,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1^70.  After  eonipletiiig  his  law 
studies  ho  went  to  Dayton.  Washington,  at 
which  place  he  was  made  Probate  Judge. 
After  .serving  his  term  he  nioM'd  to  liaker  City 
and  remained  one  year,  and  then  moved  to 
Union,  wliere  he  has  since  remained,  engaged 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  jirofession.  He  has  a 
very  large  practice  throughout  the  district. 
He  was  nominated  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
for  I'rosecntiiig  .\ttorney,  bnt  was  defeated  by 
a  small  majority  on  the  part  of  his  Uepublican 
adversary,  although  his  majority  in  his  home 
town  was  large. 

The  Judge  Was  married  in  1878  tt>  Miss 
liosezelia  A.  Smith,  a  ntitive  of  Ohio,  who 
came  to  Oregon  with  her  parents  when  .she  was 
a  small  child.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crawford  have 
had  two  children,  the  oldest,  Clarence  II., 
born  in  1879;  and  Maud,  who  died  when  only 
three  years  of  age.  The  one  child  left  Mr.  and 
Airs.  Crawford  is  the  pride  and  joy  of  their 
lives.  Judge  ('rawford  is  very  |iroiiiineiit  in 
Democratic  iiolitics;  is  a  Mason  of  good  stand- 
ing, and  hold.-  the  ollice  <d'  (irand  Deputy  Chan- 
cellor, of  his  district,  in  the  order  of  Iv.  of  P. 

IIJ.IS  D.  AliXOI.D,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing business  men  of  Union  county, 
Oregon,  is  the  subject  of  the  present 
sketch,  lie  was  born  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  March  (i,  1851.  His  father,  Diadate 
Arnold,  was  a  native  of  New  York,  who  came 
to  Ohio  when  a  young  man  and  was  there  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Louisa  Charles,  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1804,  when 
Willis  was  but  three  years  (d'  age,  and  there  he 
died  in  1870. 

I'ntil  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  our  sub- 
ject lived  in  Wisconsin  and  there  attended 
school,  but  ill  1874  he  went  to  California,  whore 
he  engaged  in  the  liiiiibering business,  following 
this  until  1881,  when  he  came  to  ( >regon  and 
commenced  work  on  the  I'liion  Pacific  railmad, 
having  charge  of  the  timbtM-  work  on  the  road. 
He  was  foreman  over  a  ijans'  of  l)ridi'e  men  for 
two  years. 

Later  our  subject  and  his  brother  went  into 
the   lumber    bn8ille^8    for  two   years,  and    con- 


HUHOHMMhMihM 


HI  STORY    Oli'    ORBQON. 


or.i 


DiMiioci'utic   (M)iiiity  ill 
out  two  yciir8  of  his 


tinned  there  for  some  iiine,  liaving  b\iilt  a 
Hume  ill  the  mountains  for  six  miles  iit  ii  cost 
of  $30,000.  The  Arnold  brothers  then  organ- 
ized a  company  known  as  the  Ilillgard  Luinlier 
Company,  witli  a  cajiital  stock  of  $1,000,000, 
of  wliicii  Mr.  Arnold  is  president  and  manager. 
This  is  tlu!  second  largest  lumber  ('onipany  in 
eastern  Oregon,  and  they  inannfactiire  every- 
thing ol'  lumber.  Their  millf-  have  a  capacity 
of  80,000  feet  per  day;  they  are  lighted  by 
electricity,  as  they  have  a  dynamo  in  the  mill. 
They  i'in[iloy  eighty  men  and  their  pay  '"oil  is 
SS>5,00(I  per  month.  All  of  the  machinery  is  oi' 
the  very  latest  and  best.  They  use  l)and  saws 
and  all  .;ie\v  appliances  for  doing  iirst-class 
work. 

The  conipany  owns  2,600  acre.-  of  timber 
land,  for  which  they  j)ai(l  a  large  sum  of  money, 
and  they  saw  the  lumber  by  way  of  tho  tliinie  to 
the  railroad.  They  take  the  largest  contracts 
for  doors  and  window  sash,  in  fact,  for  any- 
thing that  is  made  of  lumber. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  in 
1871)  to  Miss  Ida  M.  Fitch,  daughter  of  Clin- 
ton and  Henrietta  Fitch,  who  moved  to  Cali- 
fornia when  Mrs.  Arnold  was  a  small  child. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arnold  have  four  children:  Ger- 
trude, Arthur,  Ether  and  Freddie.  Mr.  Arnold 
has  always  been  an  a(!tive  business  man.  He  I 
started  out  a  poor  boy  and  had  his  share  of  I 
misfortunes.  At  one  time  he  had  accumulated  I 
$1,^00  an(i  loaned  it  for  the  accoinmodatitm  of 
a  friend,  but  lost  it  all.  Again  he  began  work- 
ing by  the  day  and  soon  iiad  enough  to  start  a 
mill.  In  his  lumber  business  he  has  been  very 
successful,  and  no  doubt  takes  «  proj)er  jiride 
in  bein;f  the  jircsident  and  manager  of  the 
hirtcest   nl^ines8  of  his  line  in  ( (regon. 

i^litiiT'ly  be  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Uepui))ica;i   'larty   in  a    ' 
180O,  iind  has  only  serve( 
term  c.r  ollice.     Mr.  Anioid  bus  made  all  of  his 
money  out  of  pine  timber  in  the  nionntaiiis  of 
'.'nion  county,  Oregon. 

[aMUFL  v.  MARKS,  Aurora.  Clackamas 
county,  is  another  one  of  Oregon's  honored 
pioneers  of  1847. 
Jle  was  born  in  Harlan  county,  Kentucky, 
August  15,  1833.  His  Crandfather  Marks  came 
from  Ireland  and  scilU'd  in  Maiyland,  where  his 


8on,.loliii  Marks  (our  subject's  father),  was  born 
ill  179.").  The  latter  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  fought  in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans. 
Ife  married  Miss  Fanny  Forester,  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  born  in  17'"t8.  In  18;{S  they  re- 
move<l  from  Kentucky  to  Missouri,  and  nine 
yeais  later  .'rom  there  across  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, makinj.  the  journey  with  ox  teams.  .Seven 
children  had  been  born  to  them.  One  died  in 
i'lfiiiicy  anil  the  others  came  with  their  parents 
to  Oregon.  They  areas  follows;  Alexander  K., 
Mary  .\.,  Klizabeth  1).,  l.evina.  Samuel  F.  and 
Kliza  Jane.  Mary  A.  was  married  at  this  time, 
and  her  husband,  .lacoli  Adam>,came  with  them. 
The  journey  across  the  jtlains  was  of  seven 
months"  duration,  and  was  made  in  safety.  They 
came  direct  to  Clackamas  county,  arriving  Sep- 
tember 17,  and  for  a  mare  and  a  yoke  of  oxen, 
valued  at  $400.  they  purchased  the  right  to  a  do- 
nation claim  of  (140  acres  of  land,  the  only  im- 
provement upon  it  being  a  cabin.  They  worked 
out  for  jirovisions  on  wTiicli  to  subsist  the  Hrst 
winter.  J^ike  most  of  the  industrious  pioneers 
of  this  State  their  earnest  eti'orts  were  rewarded 
with  success,  and  resulted  in  the  development  of 
a  tine  farm.  Here  the  father  died  in  1871  and 
the  mother  in  1850. 

Samuel  F.  Marjis  was  next  to  the  youngest 
child  in  this  family,  and  was  fifteen  years  of  age 
when  he  arrived  in  Oregon.  Ho  went  to  the 
oistrict  school  in  winter  aiivl  worked  on  the  farm 
in  summer,  and  after  Ids  parents  became  loo  old 
to  work  he  continued  with  tbein,  and  cared  fur 
them  ill  their  declining  years.  He  inherited  one- 
half  of  the.  donation  claim.  He  has  since  addeii 
to  it  eighty-four  acres,  making  411  acres,  which 
he  now  (»wns.  This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable 
farms  in  the  county.  During  the  Yiikinia  Indian 
war,  in  tlu^  spring  of  185<),  Mr.  Marks  was  avol- 
niiteer  under  Captain  Casmi. 

Mr.  Marks  was  married  Oclolicr  1(1,  18.").s,  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  .\bbot,  a  native  of  Illinois,  born 
in  1841.  They  havt^  had  ele\eii  children,  live 
of  whom  died  in  infnicy.  The  others  are  .lolin 
It.,  of  Klamath  county;  Kena  Jane,  wife  of 
Charles  Wait,  and  the  mollier  of  three  children, 
died  in  her  thirty-third  year;  Iviima  F.  became 
the  wife  of  Jacol)  Hanson,  and  re^liles  in  Salem; 
Thomas  J.,  at  home;  Jacob  iv.at  school  in  I'ort- 
liind,  and  liertha  I.,  also  attending;  school  in 
Portland. 

The  religious  Cailh  of  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Marks  is 
that  of  tho  Raptist  denomination.  He  wa-;  in 
jiolities  a  Democrat  [irevloi;:-   to  the  great   civil 


ill 


III*'- 


M'     f. 


042 


ifrsTOtir  op  oiiEOoX. 


Will',  llicii  liu  licciiiiie  ii  Iiej)iil)liiMiii,  uml  wns  ii 
stniiii^  riiiiiii  man,  and  ikiw  lie  liiul  aili)|)ted  the 
jirincipli'S  of  the  I'sojilc's  |)iirty.  lie  has  l>een 
jiroiiiincnt  in  tlic  nft'aii's  of  tlie  comity  in  wiiicli 
lie  lias  so  loMir  rcsideil.  was  a  ciiarter  mi'iiilioi'  of 
the  (iranire  and  was  Master  of  tlie  loilire;  served 
on  the  ISchool  Hoard  an  (lerk  and  Director;  and 
is  now  u  iiieinber  of  tlie  Fanners'  Alliance,  lie 
Iniilt  the  coinfortahle  and  attractive  residence  in 
wliicli  he  and  his  good  wife  reside,  l.onj^  may 
tliey  live  to  enjoy  the  frnits  of  their  honest  and 
earnest  labors. 


?I).  MATTOCK,  a  rejiresentative  of  the  in- 
terests of  Engene,  was  horn  in  Benton 
0  county,  Tennessee,  March  8,  1839.  I  lis 
piiieiits,  K.  Ii.  and  Susan  ('.  (I'l'V)  Mattock,  were 
iiatixes  of  North  Uai'olina,  !)iit  subseciuent  to 
marriage  removed  to  Tennessee,  where  Mr.  Mat- 
tock farmed  for  a  few  years,  and  in  1840  moved 
to  Dade  county,  Missouri,  and  reclaimed  land 
from  the  jirairie  and  iinjiroved  a  small  farm,  re- 
maiiiino:  tlieie  until  the  spring  of  1853,  when 
he  sold  out  and  purchased  prairie  outfit,  consist- 
ing of  six  wagons  and  the  necessary  number  of 
o.xeii,  with  100  head  of  cattle.  With  these  and 
his  wile  anti  eight  children  he  joined  several 
neighbors  and  crossed  the  plains.  They  met 
with  no  accident  until  they  reached  the  Malheur 
river,  where  they  attempted  to  cross  the  Cascatle 
mountains  by  the  Elliott  cnt-otf,  and  became  lost 
ill  the  Klamath  lake  country  several  weeks  and 
their  provisions  gave  out,  and  they  were  obliged 
to  kill  the  poor  jaded  cattle  to  keep  themselves 
from  starving.  Egress  was  at  last  discovered  by 
following  a  branch  <>!'  the  Willamette  river,  and 
they  arrived  at  liuttle  I)i5a|jpoiiitiiient  October 
^0,  1853,  six  months  after  commencing  the 
journey.  Mr.  Mattock  located  near  Goshen  and 
followed  farming  until  1J<I!3,  when  he  went  to 
Hoise  mines  in  Idaho,  where  he  was  taken  sick 
with  a  fever  and  died,  ageil  forty  si.x  years. 

il.  I).  .Mattock  f-ecured  bis  primary  education 
in  Missouri,  and  when  they  crossed  the  plains  he 
walked  the  entire  distaiK-e,  so  as  to  drive  the 
cattle,  lie  tinished  his  education  at  Columbia 
College,  at  Eugene.  .Vfter  leaving  college  he 
was  married,  and  located  near  (ioslien,  where  he 
engaged  in  farming,  and  so  continued  until  1803. 
In  ISni  he  was  elected  Siiperintciident  of 
Schools  of    l.ane  couiily.  and  served  in  that  ca- 


pacity two  years,  during  which  time  he  taught 
school.  Ill  18(i(')  he  removed  to  I'leasant  llill, 
and  engaged  with  his  father-in-law,  Mr.  15.  Itut- 
ledge,  ill  pork-packing,  and  in  18()7  he  bought 
the  mercantile  stock  of  Mr.  Kntledge  and  con- 
tinued the  business.  In  1808  he  sold  his  store 
and  niirchased  850  acres  of  land  and  eiiirai'ed  in 

^  J  o    o 

farming  and  stock-raising,  which  business  ho 
followed  until  1S84,  and  then  moved  to  Eugene 
and  purchased  the  gooil-will  and  stock  of  general 
merchandise  of  T.  (\.  Hendricks,  and  has  since 
followed  mercantile^  life.  ~  He  rented  storeroom 
until  1886,  and  then  built  a  three-story  brick 
building,  28  .x  110.  feet  on  the  southwest  corner 
of  Willamette  and  Eighth  streets,  where  he  re- 
moved, and  has  every  convenience  to  conduct 
his  growing  business.  Jlr.  Mattock  still  owns 
2'JO  acres,  being  the  original  donation  claim,  and 
31-1  acres  additional.  In  business  relation  he  has 
always  prospered,  although  never  liaving  had 
the  experience  of  clerkship,  but  he  has  relied  on 
his  own  sound  judgiiieiit,  and  it  lias  crowned  his 
efforts  with  success.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  the 
luigene  Milling  and  Lumbering  Company,  and 
is  also  a  director  in  same.  He  occupies  the 
same  positions  in  the  Eugene  Cannery,  and  is 
one  of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  Eugene. 

In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat, 
and  in  1871  he  was  elected  to  represent  his  party 
at  the  State  Legislature,  and  he  has  served  two 
terms  in  the  (Mty  ('oniicil.  He  is  a  Knight 
Templar,  F.  &  A.  M.,  a  member  of  I.  O.  ().  F., 
A.  ().  Ii.  W.  and  of  the  Christian  Church. 

He  was  married  at  Pleasant  Hill  in  IXiVl  to 
Aliss  Elizabeth  M.  liutledge,  of  Illinois,  and 
daughter  of  B.  liutledge,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
lS53.  She  died  nineteen  months  later,  leaving 
a  little  child.  Elizabeth  C.  now  .Mrs.  S.  C.  Smith. 
He  was  again  married  in  18(57  to  Miss  Louisa 
liiitledgc,  and  she  died  in  ISOl,  leaving  eight 
children,  namely:  Edis  I).  andC'aswell  C,  both 
engaged  in  the  store;  LiilaC,  Carrie  A..  H'jrtha, 
Maud.  .lose|)li  I'',  and  Eugene. 


< 


\%^^ 


> 


J.  HEFTY. — Among  the  representative 
architects  of  Portland  we  find  II.  J. 
*  Hefty,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  born  in 
canton  (ilanis,  in  1858.  In  that  locality  the 
family  have  been  known  for  man}'  generations, 
as  canton  (ilanis  was  the  cradle  of  the  Hefty 
family.     The  father,  II.  J.  Hefty,  was  a  proin- 


^^ 


HISTORY    OF    ORKCON. 


»s;i 


iiu'tit  nrcliitc'.'t  and  hiiildcr,  wlio  iiifulc  ;i  spe- 
cialty of  mill  work,  and  \>y  him  woolen  mills 
were  erected  in  northern  Italy,  at  I'ergamo,  and 
that  af^ricultnral  district  was  transformed  into 
a  wool-j)rodiicing  district. 

Our  suliject  attended  the  high  schools  of 
Munich  and  then  prepared  himself  for  the  tech- 
nical highsehoidat  l)armstadt,  (ierinany,  from 
which  hegradnated  in  18711.  Ucaved  nndcr  the 
influence  of  mechanical  life,  his  otherwise  idle 
inoments  were  spent  in  ])ractical  work  with  his 
father,  and  after  graduation  he  passed  nearly 
two  years  with  his  father  in  studying  the 
science  of  construction.  While  looking  for  a 
place  of  settlement  he  learned  of  Portland, 
thi'ongh  his  hrother,  I'eter,  who  canu'  to  that 
city  in  1S79,  so,  in  the  spring  of  IH81,  suliject 
hade  good-liy  to  the  scenes  of  his  childhood 
and  emigrated  to  New  ^'ork  and  thence  to  I'ort- 
land,  where  he  iinmediately  eoniineneed  a  hnsi- 
ness  of  contracting  and  building,  employing 
twenty  or  twenty-tive  nu'ii.  This  he  continued 
for  three  years,  when,  with  a  full  knowledge  of 
construction,  lu'  retire(l  from  that  branch  with 
rejiutation  estalilished  and  thereafter  devoteil 
himself  to  architecture.  Beinc  familiar  with 
foreign  styles  of  architecture,  Mr.  Hefty  began 
making  innovations  on  the  renaissance  style  as 
formerly  adopted,  and  lie  changed  to  the  Queen 
Atm  style,  which  was  cordially  received  and  I  e- 
came  very  j)0[)ular.  He  devoted  luucli  tinu'  'o 
residence  architecture.  Among  the  moreiirom- 
iiient  jiublic  buildings  are:  Washington  block, 
designed  by  him  in  liomanesque  style;  St. 
Helen's  Hall,  .after  the  old  English:  and  the 
Fourth  Presbyterian  Church  of  South  Portland. 
He  was  then  appointed  iirchitect  for  the  new 
city  hall  of  Portland,  and  began  the  process  of 
erection  when,  through  political  dodgery,  the 
work  was  stopped.  In  1870  his  plans  for  the 
First  Congregational  Church  wei'e  accepted,  and 
lu' was  appointed  Superintendent  of  Construc- 
tion. Tlie  church  is  built  in  an  Italian  gothic 
style,  and  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Fast  Park 
and  Madison  streets,  being  built  of  stone,  at  an 
expense  of  ^100,000.  The  Vendome  and  (xrand 
Central  Hotels  were  built  after  his  plans,  both 
being  uni(|ne  ami  handsome  buildings. 

Mr.  Hefty  was  married  in  Switzerland  in  1881 
to  Miss  Agatha  Durst,  and  the  wedding  trip 
was  the  journey  to  Portland.  They  have  three 
childnm:  liessie.  Fdward  ami  .\lfred.  Mr. 
Hefty  is  a  member  of  the  A.  <).  U.  W.  He  i> 
a  pleasant,  genial  gentleman,  thoroughly  infused 


with  the  science  of  his  profession,  and  with  his 
Furopcan  knowledge,  gained  by  travel  and  re- 
search, diverges  from  old  styles  of  architecture 
into  plans  now  nio"e  varied  and  far  nuire  beau- 
tiful, and  his  buildinirs  bear  the  fullest  evidence 
of  his  origiiuditv,  ingenuity  aiiti  ability. 

fACOH  IIOl)\'fi;U,  deceased,  was  an  nouored 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1844.  He  was  born  in 
Green  county,  Kentucky.  March  2'.l.  1814; 
son  of  Felix  Hoover,  also  a  native  of  Kentucky. 
The  Hoovers  originally  came  from  (iernuiny. 
Several  generations,  howe\er,  have  been  liorn  in 
America.  From  Kentucky  the  family  removed  to 
Indiana,  and  snbsequiuitly  from  there  to  Illi- 
nois. In  the  last  named  State  .lacob  Hoov(«r 
married  Miss  .leriah  (/ave  September  is,  18:S  t, 
and  their  union  resulted  in  the  birth  of  six 
children,  oidy  one  of  whom  is  now  living, 
Thomas  P.,  a  nuMxhant  in  (iilliam  county,  Ore- 
gon. Mrs.  Hoover  died  in  184i5,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  .Mr.  Hoovcsr  marriecl  her  sister,  Malinda 
Cave.  Their  fathei',  James  Cave,  a  native  of 
\'irginia,  and  for  over  fifty  years  an  active  and 
useful  minister  in  the  Methodist  Church,  ciiiue 
with  his  family  to  Oregon  at  the  same  time  Mr. 
Hoover  did,  and  in  Yarn  Hill  county,  this 
.State,  his  death  occurred  May  ti,  18(12.  They 
started  on  their  journey  across  the  plains  to  the 
far  West  on  the  8th  of  May,  and  in  due  time 
arrived  in  Washington  county.  Mr.  Hoover's 
family  at  the  time  of  his  arrival  hiu'e  consisting 
of  his  wife  and  four  chilflren:  Thonnis  I'.,  .John 
Wesley,  Morris  and  Jackson;  the  youngest  child 
having  been  born  in  Nebraska,  while  they  were 
en  route  to  this  State. 

Mr.  Hoover  came  to  Oregon  a  poor  nnm,  anil 
upon  bis  arrival  here  took  a  donation  claim  of 
R40  acres  of  land.  .\s  the  years  rolled  by  ho 
im])roved  his  laud,  |iros|)erity  attended  his 
efforts,  and  lie  was  ranked  with  iXw  jtroniinunt 
early  settlers.  His  widow  ami  a  son  and  daugh- 
ter still  leside  on  the  home  jibice.  They  have 
in  their  possession,  and  highly  treasure  as 
relics  of  pioneer  days,  the  pot  and  skillet  in 
which  they  cooked  their  frugal  meals  while 
crossing  the  ])laiiis,  and  wliicli  they  still  used 
after  they  established  their  home  in  the  little 
log  cabin  they  built  on  the  claiiii.  In  ISI'.l  the 
discovery  of  gobi  in  ('alifortiia  took  .Mr.  lloiivei' 
to   the    mines,   where    he    remained    about  iix 


m\fi    ma 


.as 


bj ' 'i'ii 


054 


niSTORY    OF   OREGON 


IllUlltllS. 
t'lll'lll,  lu 

coiilinued  the  siiiiii 
111  |)oliti('S  lio  was 
WHS  ult'cted    to  tli( 


Tlieii,   rcturnirif^    to   liia    family    and 

rcBiiriied  liis  ai,'i'ic.iiltiiral  |iursiiit8,  and 

until  the  tiiiic  of  liis  death. 

ii    Democrat,   liy  that  party 

othce  of  County  Trcaeiirer, 


anil  as  a  puhjii;  olliciai  proved  himself  elficient 
and  oliliginir.  In  relii^inn  Ik<  was  a  consistent 
Mctlioilist.  He  led  an  honoratjlo  and  uprii^ht 
life,  and  was  hifj;lily  respected  liy  all  who  knew 
liim.  His  death  occurred  Uecember  I'J,  188tj. 
The  followiufT  named  children  were  adiled  to 
their  family  after  they  came  to  Oregon:  Jacob, 
horn  February  9,  lS4t).  is  President  of  the  Ex- 
change National  l>ank,at  S|)okane  Kails,  Wasli- 
iufjton;  Kebecca,  who  died  in  infancy;  Harriet, 
born  .June  it.  1848,  married  Mr.  lienton  Killin, 
now  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Portland;  I.etitia, 
born  October  10,  18411.  is  the  wife  of  William 
H.  Council. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Council  reside  on  the  home 
farm  with  Mrs.  Hoover  and  her  son  .laekson, 
and  Mr.  Hoover  and  Mi.  Counell  own  tocrether 
and  are  farminif  OOO  acres  of  choice  land,  a  por- 
tion of  it  being  the  orif^inal  donation  claim. 
Mrs.  Hoover  is  now  in  her  seventy-tiiird  year. 
With  the  exception  of  impaired  eyesight,  she  is 
still  well  preserved,  both  mentally  and  physi- 
cally. 8he  is  a  fair  re|)re.sentative  of  the  brave 
women  who  crossed  the  plains  to  this  country 
in  the  pioneer  days. 


(liASTrS  S.VVAGE,  a  resident  of  Wash- 
ington county,  was  born  in  Augusta, 
^  Maine,  .lanuai'v  4,  1814;  the  son  of  I)avi(l 
and  Hannah  (Edson)  Savage.  He  left  Maine 
ill  1835,  and  went  to  Ohio,  and  settled  in  Fulton 
comity,  Illinois,  in  the  fall  of  1838.  He  was 
married  to  Jane  Tnwnley  in  1841,  and  they  had 
two  children.  lie  went  from  Illinois,  in  184;5, 
to  Missouri  where,  in  March,  184o,  he  lost  his 
wife  and  one  child.  In  iSejitember  he  returned 
back  to  Adams  county,  Illinois,  and,  in  1846, 
luairied  Mrs.  Smith,  a  widow,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Jordan.  They  had  five  children,  all 
of  whom  are  living. 

In  the  spring  of  185'^  Mr.  Savage  returned 
to  jMissouri,  and  remained  there  till  the  spring 
of  1853,  when  he,  with  his  family  and  two  of 
his  brothers,  started  for  Oregon,  crossing  the 
plains  with  ox  teams,  and  arriving  in  the  Willain- 
ecte  valley    September  :i5,  1853,  having  been 


a  little  over  six  months  making  the  tri|).  He 
engaged  to  work  on  the  Willamette  falls  for  a 
short  time,  then  moved  to  Washington  county 
the  same  year,  where  he  has  remained  ever 
since. 

He  has  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
eighteen  years.  He  has  traveled  all  the  way 
from  the  tide- waters  of  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  in  a  wagon.  The  eldest  daughter 
is  married  to  M.  S.  Dailey,  whose  sketch  is  given 
elsewhere  in  this  volume,  ami  she  resides  in 
Ilillsboro;  the  second  child  is  Charles  (iuild, 
now'ving  in  Idaho,  Fayette  (Hty;  the  youngest 
daughter  married  Fred  Oakerinan,  and  is  now 
living  in  Harney  county,  Oregon.  His  three 
sons  are  married  and  living,  one,  the  eldest,  at 
Newberg,-  Yarn  Hill  county,  Oregon,  and  the 
second  at  Bridgeport,  Washington  coiintv,  Ore- 
gon; the  youngest  is  at  the  old  home. 

§ENUV  L.  BENSON  is  one  of  the  prom- 
inent e(lucatt)r8  of  Jose[)hiiie  county,  where 
he  has  filled  the  |)osition  of  principal  of 
the  public  schools  of  (trant's  Pass  for  the  last 
six  years.  He  has  also  served  as  president  of 
the  State  Normal  School  at  Drain,  from  1880 
to  188(5,  jjrior  to  taking  up  his  residence  in  this 
city. 

Mr.  Benson  is  a  native  of  Stockton,  Cali- 
fornia, born  in  that  city  July  6,  1854.  His 
])areiit8  are  Henry  C.  anil  Malinda  M.  (Will- 
iamson) Benson,  the  former  a  Methodist  min- 
ister, born  in  Ohio,  of  English-(Juaker  ances- 
try. The  latter  is  a  native  of  Kentucky.  They 
arc^  the  parents  of  thirteen  children,  the  sub- 
ject being  the  sixth  child.  He  removed  to 
Santa  Clara  when  a  child  two  years  of  age.  The 
family  still  reside  in  that  city. 

Henry  L.  was  reared  and  educated  in  Santa 
Clara,  California,  and  completed  his  collegiate 
course  at  the  university  at  San  Jose,  graduating 
with  the  class  of  1873.  Heengaged  in  teach- 
ing school  for  some  years,  reading  law  in  the 
meantime.  He  first  read  law  under  George  I"". 
Baker,  of  San  Francisco,  subseiiuently  return- 
ing to  .San  Jose.  Here  he  completed  his  studies 
in  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Harrington.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  to  the  Supreme  Court.  He  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  San 
Jose  for  two  years,  and  while  there  served  as 


HISTORY    OF    OIIKOO.V. 


Uo5 


Deputy  City  Attorney.  lie  ciiine  to  Doiifjlaf* 
(Miiinty,  Oi'i'gdii,  ill  18M0,  ami  to  JoBepliiiio 
county  hi\  years  Inter.  In  .lime,  189".],  lie  was 
I'lectcd  District  Attorney.  II i.-;  political  iitlili- 
ations  have  always  been  with  tho  licpiililican 
party. 

Ill'  was  married  in  Mercccl  county,  ("alifornia, 
September  7,  lS7t!,  to  Susie  Daiif^iicrty,  of  Cal- 
ifornia. They  have  four  chililren:  Ilea  AV., 
Artliiir  S.,  Gail  E.,  Harry  (t.,  anil  one  son,  de- 
eeased. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  ISonson  are  very  csfimahle  jieo- 
ple,  and  are  jjivatly  respected  by  all  who  know 
thetn. 

ilHS.  L.  E.  MARKS,  of  Currinsville, 
('lackaiiias  coiintj',  Orei^im,  is  one  of  flic 
iirave  pioneer  women  uiio  crossed  the 
plains  to  this  State  in  1850.  She  was  born  in 
Slissoiiri,  .Inly  12,  1838.  Her  fiitlicr,  William 
Wade,  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  Sopteiiilier  IS, 
17116,  married  Sarah  Duiiliarn  and  after  their 
niarriaifo  tnoved  to  Missouri,  where  several  of 
their  children  were  born.  In  1850  Mr.  Wade 
and  his  family,  consistinjj;  of  wife  and  live  chil- 
dren, Mrs.  Mnrrs  then  being  in  her  twelfth  year, 
came  across  the  plains  to  ()regon.  He  settled 
on  a  donation  idaim  two  miles  south  of  where 
Currinsville  is  now  located,  and  there  he  and 
his  good  wife  spent  the  rest  of  their  lives,  her 
death  occurring  in  ls()5,  and  his  May  11,  1882. 
They  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Church, 
and  were  highly  respected  peojile. 

Ill  1852  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  mar- 
ried to  Mr.  George  Ciirrin,  an  Oregon  jiioneer 
of  1845.  He  was  Jiorn  in  Grayson  county,  Vir- 
ginia, on  March  7,  1810,  where  he  lived  until 
l8+3,  when  he  and  the  rest  of  his  mother's  fam- 
ily emigrated  to  Missouri,  but  their  now  home 
proved  so  sickly  that  he  and  his  brother  Hugh 
resolved  to  come  to  Oregon.  During  their  last 
winter  in  Missouri  their  mother  died,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1845  the'  two  bachelor  brothers, 
together  with  two  of  their  little  nephews,  Hugh 
and  William  Fields,  started  on  the  long  and 
tedious  journey  across  the  plains.  After  with- 
standing many  hardshijis  and  sutiering  all  the 
privations  of  pioneers,  to  the  then  far  West, 
they  arrived  at  Phillip  Fosrer's  on  the  10th  of 
October  of  the  same  year.  Meiiig  completely 
worn  out  by  the  long,  toilsome  journey,  they  con- 


cluded to  winter  near  their  destination.      In  the 
spring  o»'  184t)  they  went  farther  up   the    Wil 
lainette  valley,  but  retiiriieil  and  tooK  up  adjoin- 
ing |)laces,  at  what  is  now  ('urriiisville. 

After  his  niarria/e  to  .\.iss  Wade  tliey  estab- 
lished their  home  on  his  donation  claim  and 
developed  it  into  a  tine  farm.     On  this  jilace  he 

{assed  his  remaining  days,  and  died  .lainiary  14, 
879.  Mr.  Ciirrin  was  a  man  of  ipiiet,  regular 
lialiits,  was  always  ready  to  lend  a  helping  liaml 
to  the  poor  and  destitute,  and  was  a  kind  .iiid 
indulgent  ])arent. 

Following  are  the  names  of  tli(>ir  children: 
Martha  .lane,  wife  of  William  Lewellan,  of 
S()ringwater;  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  William  Sjier- 
lin,  Linn  county;  Lucretia.  wil'enf  Liii-ey  Hale, 
resides  near  her  mother;  William  11.,  a  mer- 
chant of  Corvallis;  (Jhristiaiia,  who  died  in  her 
fifteenth  year;  M.  Ellen,  a  graduate  of  the  Slatii 
Normal  School,  is  engaged  in  teaching;  Uobcrt 
II.,  at  home  and  attending  school :  Francis  M.,u 
teacher;  and  Ollie  M.,  at  home. 

IS'oveinb(M'  2i>,  1884,  she  married  l.af.iyette 
Marrs,  her  iiresent  com])anion,  who  wa^  born  in 
Arkansas.  November  Ki,  1834.  Ho  had  five 
children  by  a  former  marriage. 

Mrs.  Marrs  still  owns  her  half  section  of 
land,  upon  which  they  n-side,  successfully  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits.  She  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  ("liiirch  South, 
and  she  and  lior  family  are  people  of  the  highest 
respectability. 


fW.  KEHN,  one  of  Oregon's  worthy  pio- 
neers, came  to  the  State  in  18.')1.  He  is 
^  a  native  of  Illinois,  having  been  born  in 
Washington,  o])po6ite  I'eoria,  on  the  1st  of 
-Inly,  1838.  His  father.  William  Kern,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1814.  The  ancestors  of 
Mr.  Kern  were  from  Holland,  however.  He  mar- 
ried the  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  a 
Miss  Ann  Sliiill,  a  native  of  X'irgiiiia,  whoso 
ancestors  had  come  over  fromCJermany  previous 
to  the  devolution  and  settled  in  V^irginiK.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Kern  had  seven  cliihireii,  of  whom  tho 
second  one  was  the  subject  of  tin's  article.  Only 
four  of  these  six  children  are  living. 

The  family  crossed  the  plains  in  1851  and 
first  settled  six  miles  west  of  Portland,  and  in 
1854  removed  to  a  farm  five  miles  east  of  the 
same  city,  where  Mr.  Kern,  Sr.,  has  since  resided 


tifl' 


956 


IirsTOIty    OH"    OREGON, 


wi'\\\: 


\  I 


lu. 


■h 


])iii'8uing  his  uccupatioii  of  fartner.  Tlipir  first 
lioiiie  WHH  II  ^lmllty  in  tlu'  t'oi'CBt  on  ciiniiition 
liiml.  They  imjii'dN t'<l  it,  j>liinfL'(|  iiii  oitIihiiI, 
1111(1  Were  pioiiecrH  in  uverv  simibu  of  the  wonl. 
Mr.  Korn  ruineiiiijerrt  the  hrst  ii|i|il('  timt  f(jriniMi 
on  their  trees  anil  tells  how  the  chililn-n  inailea 
heiitcn  path  ^^oing  hack  and  forth  \vatchiii<?  its 
growth.  They  tnaile  thin  land  very  valnablt<, 
and  Mr.  Kern,  Sr.,  has  attained  to  a  ri])e  old  ago 
niion  the  land  he  took  from  the  (iovernment 
and  reclaimed  from  the  forest,  honored  and  re- 
."^pcclcd  liy  all.  llin  wife  died  nnmy  years  ago. 
tj.  W.  Kern  wa^  reared  at  the  old  home,  being 
educated  at  the  Methodi>t  Academy.  iJiirinj^ 
some  of  his  early  years  he  was  n  clerk  in  I'ort- 
land.  Then  he  eni^a<;ed  in  supplying  wood  for 
the  steamhoats  on  the  river  doing  a  large  hiisi- 
ness  with  the  transportation  companies.  IJo 
was  so  successful  in  iliis  that  he  engajjed  in 
steamhoating  for  himself,  and  in  \Wt\  built  the 
steamer,  l'.  8.  (irant,  being  the  captain  for  five 
years,  during  wduch  time  he  ran  |)rincii)ally 
Portland  and  Astoria,  but  after  si.x  years  of  this 
life  he  sold  his  l)oat8  and  turned  his  attention 
to  real  estate  and  farming,  buying  and  selling 
land  on  his  own  account,  lie  platted  Kern's 
Addition  to  Kast  I'oi'tlaud  and  this  proving  a 
success  he  afterward  platted  the  Waverly  tract, 
in  connection  with  KUis  ( i.  Hughs.  Upon  all 
of  this  property  many  fine  residences  have  been 
erected,  Mr.  Kern  having  erected  sixteen  of 
them  himself.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kern  gave  a  valu- 
able block  to  the  Uaby  Home  Association,  of 
wdiich  Mrs.  Kern  is  president.  The  association 
has  built  a  .Sti.OOd  structure  on  it,  and  is  carino- 
for  little  homeless  children  until  good  homes 
can  be  found  for  them  at  the  age  of  thi'ee  years. 
It  is  a  commendable  charity,  and  the  ladies 
connected  with  it  are  doing  a  noble  work. 

Mr.  Kern  has  just  completed  a  beautiful  home 
for  himself  on  the  rise  ofground,  on  which  tlie 
Kev.  Clinton  Kelly  (Mrs.  Kern's  father)  built 
Ids  first  home  on  his  donation  claim.  'I'his 
locality  is  a  most  pleasing  one.  as  from  the 
heights  can  be  seen  the  city  of  Portland  and 
the  surrounding  country.  It  is  also  a  somewhat 
historic  spot,  as  it  was  to  this  liill  that  the  set- 
tlers came  during  the  Indian  outbreak  and  forti- 
fied thiMiiselves,  and  were  .accorded  a  most  hearty 
hospitality  by  Mr.  Kelly. 

The  little  clearing  that  the  pioneer  made  was 
in  those  days  surrounded  by  a  dense  forest, 
but  now  the  lain!  is  all  cleared  off  and  the  great 
city   stretclies  out  her  arms   to   it,  and  elegant 


liousog  are  socii  on  every  side.  Mrs.  Kern's 
father  took  this  land  from  tlu'  (ioverniiuMit  in 
1S48,  and  .\lr.  Kern  is  reserving  forty  acres  (d' 
the  old  home8te;i  I  for  a  park  around  the  beauti- 
ful home. 

Mr.  and  Mr>.  Kern  were  married  on  the  7th 
of  April.  Istil.  Her  maiden  luime  was  Sarah 
.M.  Kelly  and  her  father  was  a  M<'thodist  mini- 
ster and  one  of  <  )regon'8  most  honored  pioneers. 
Mrs.  Kern  has  borne  her  husband  nine  (duldren, 
of  whom  allbutone  are  living,  and  ;ill  were  born 
in  Midtnoinah  county.  Thoii'  names  are:  Loyal 
Klsworth,  Mary  M.,  Mildrid  Laura.  ClintonWill- 
iani,  Annie  I'enuinbra,  Eugenia  S.,  lieatrice 
Victoria,  Vera  Margaret,  and  the  youngest  a 
child  of  si.x  months,  died   in  1S88. 

In  politics  Mr.  Kern  is  a  Republican,  but  is 
ipiite  independent  in  su(di  matters.  lie  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  school  affairs.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Patriotic  ( >rder  of  Sons  of 
America.  He  is  a  strictly  temperaiu'e  man,  and 
never  so  much  as  touidies  a  drop  of  anything 
that  intoxicates.  He  is  a  iileasant  gentlenuin,  a 
good  citizen  and  a  successful  business  man,  wlio 
is  highly  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 


-^J^^^t^fe^ 


^ 


ILLIAM  LKAN  I)  K  1{  (' U  RTIS, 
a  widely  and  favorably  known  citizen  of 
Forest (4 ro'e, whose  beautiful  residence 
property  adjoins  the  Pacifie  University  grounds,' 
is  a  native  of  X'ermont,  born  in  Kichmond, 
Chittenden  county,  March  14,  IS  19.  His  par- 
ents, Aaron  and  Annie  (Hall)  Curtis,  both  na- 
tives of  that  State,  an<l  both  desceiuled  from 
early  settlers  of  New  England.  They  had  nine 
children,  three  still  living,  our  subject  being  the 
fourth  child  and  youngest  son.  In  1833  they 
removed  to  Huron  county,  Ohio,  where  they 
resided  until  the  father's  death  in  1840. 

Our  subject  early  learned  the  carpenters  and 
joiners'  trade,  at  which  lie  worked  for  a  year  in 
Michigan  City,  Indiana,  but  within  the  year 
returned  to  Ohio,  remaining  there  as  a  mechanic 
and  farmer  \intil  1871,  when  he  came  to  Forest 
(irove.  Hero  he  purchased  land  adjoining  the 
city  on  the  north,  contiguous  to  the  Pacific  Uni- 
versity, where  he  how  has  105  acres  of  highly 
improved  property,  and  where  he  has  farmed 
and  continuously  resided  since.  He  has  erected 
two  handsome  residences  on  this  attractive  site, 
carefully  preserving  much  of  iti  original  beauty, 


UISTOlir    OF    (lliKiKhy. 


B87 


Imving  retftiiied  iniiny  of  the  liir^ogt  and  tiiicst 
tii'us,  wliicli  ()if((r  a  pleasing  view  to  tlio  oyo, 
»  111  II  grtitrfiil  rotront  oii  ii  nultry  <liiy.  Mr. 
thirtis'  oliji-.t  in  moving  to  Koivst  (irovc  was 
that  liiB  cliililrcn  niifjht  liavci  tiic  iidviiiitai^os  of 
tlio  liiglicr  (uliicatjoii  of  the  univoivily,  and  his 
son,  William  K.,  gradiiHted  at  tlilH  institution 
in  tlic  class  of  1877. 

^[^.  t'lirtis  was  inarriod  on  DewnilH'r  20. 
Isi2,  to  Miss  Itoxy  ,\iin  S|uMiccr,  a  native  oi 
Oneida  county,  Now  Vork,  who  was  a  daughter 
of  Nicholas  Spencur,  a  hif<hly  rcsjiectcd  citizen 
of  that  State.  They  have  had  four  cliildrei),  all 
horn  in  ^'ork.  Sandusky  county,  <  )hio.  I'Mward, 
the  I'ldest,  graduated  at  college,  is  marriod  and 
has  four  soils,  and  resides  in  ("lackamas  county ; 
.lost>phine  .Nfario.a  graduate  of  Delaware  College, 
Ohio,  is  a  widow  of  Mr.  James  Uoldi,  and  ic- 
sid  with  her  |iareiits;  William  Kodzie,  a  col- 
U'gc  graduate,  is  nuirricd  and  has  two  sous,  and 
rcsidifl  ill  M'lyton,  ^'am  Hill  county,  Oregon; 
Ktnina  Matililadied  in  infancy. 

Mr.  Curtis  has  iil'iliated  with  the  lie|)ublican 
party  since  it-  organization,  hut  has  never 
aspired  to  otlice,  preferring,  rather,  a  retired  life, 
which  1ms  been  al)undautly  filled  with  his  husi- 
ness  and  family  interests. 

He  and  wife  are  worthy  members  of  the 
Methodist  Church,  in  which  he  has  lield  the 
ottice  of  Rciiirding  Steward  for  forty-three  years 
consecutively. 

He  and  his  faithful  wife  celebrated  tlioir 
golden  wedding  December  UU,  1892,  in  a 
(|iiiet  way,  and  a  marked  event  in  the 
family  history.  The  children  were  all  pres- 
ent except  the  wife  of  Mr.  Kedzie,  and  two 
little  ones,  one  of  whom  was  sick,  and  a  niece 
raised  in  the  family,  living  in  North  Dakota. 
The  aged  ])arent8  were  remembi  led  by  the  chil- 
dren in  presents, — the  father  by  a  lieavily  gold- 
mounted  ebonv  cane,  and  the  mother  by  a  pair 
of  gold  spectacles  and  other  presents  received. 
Their  pastor  and  wife  and  other  near  friends  out- 
side the  family  were  present.  They  are  pursuing 
the  quiet  tenor  of  their  way,  secure  in  the  aft'ec- 
tionate  regard  of  a  host  of  personal  friends,  the 
respect  of  the  community,  and  sustained  by  the 
tribunal  of  a  searching  conscience. 

^-m-^ 

•iON.  JOHN  ('.  CARSON'S  name  is  one 
of  the   most    illustrious   in   the   iinnals   of 
Oregon'--  growth  and  |irospority.      He  was 
Ujrii  in  Centre  county,  I'ennsylvanii 


la,  on   Fehrii- 


00 


ary  30,  lS3o.  FIi>  father  Fames  Carson,  was 
of  Irish  ance-tiy,  who  emigrated  to  the  colonies 
long  before  the  lievolnfion.  He  settled  in  I'enn- 
sylvania,  and  participated  in  the  war  for  inde- 
pendence. He  married  Sarah  Cidslli\\aito,  n 
native  of  the  Keystone  State  and  of  Kreneh  an- 
cestry. They  ha<l  eight  children,  of  whom  (Ivo 
are  living.  Of  this  family,  our  subject,  .lolin 
Crosthwaiti'  Carson,  was  the  foiirlli  Ho  ninved 
with  his  jiarents  to  IJichlund  couiit\ ,  <  Hiio,  in 
18;M.  He  attended  s,'hool  in  llichlaud,  later 
entering  the  .Vshland  Academy,  abdiit  Is  It.*, 
where  he  remained  for  three  yea, -i  nnder  the  able 
tutorship  of  Prof.  Andrews,  afterward  a  briga- 
dier general  in  the  Union  army,  aiel  the  ])resi- 
delit  of  Iveliyon  College,  from  which  President 
Hayes  grnduated.  While  attending  college  Mr. 
Carson  supported  himself  by  working  at  the 
r  rpenters'  triidr,  which  he  had  pi'evioii--ly  ac- 
()iiire  I.  He  then  eommeneed  the  studs  ot  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  Kenneynian,  of  Ashland,  Ohio, 
coming  with  liini  to  California  in  ISoO,  intend 
ing  to  start  a  hospital  in  San  I'rancisco.  Tlu^ 
Doctor's  ill  health  prevcMited  the  fulfillment  of 
this  project,  and  he  r.  turned  tn  the  Kast,  Mr. 
Carson  troini'  to  the  m  .  Idle  fork  of  the  .\meriean 
river,  where  he  engaged  in  digginggold.  rroni 
there  he  went  to  the  Utviding  diggings,  where 
for  a  time  he  kept  the  Monntnin  House,  located 
on  the  Trinity  moiintains.  This  house  occupied 
a  site  immediatelv  on  the  trail  of  the  miners, 
«  ho  packed  ovcm"  the  mountains.  He  had  a  sign 
out,  "  Meals,  one  pasi)  (dollar).''  He  (onducted 
this  house  for  six  mnnths,  making  soiin  money. 
He  then  came  to  I'nrtland,  Oregon,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  dating  his  arrival  in  Septemlier, 
18,M.  I'eforo  coming  here,  he  had  lueii  sick, 
and  had  spent  his  money,  being  without  means 
in  a  strange  land.  After  looking  around  Port- 
land for  something  to  do,  he  went  to  Foster's 
and  engaged  to  teacli  school.  After  teaching 
for  two  weuks,  the  men  who  had  hired  him 
(|uarreled,  and  he  gave  up  the  school.  In  com- 
pany with  another  man  be  floated  on  a  raft 
from  Church's  mill  to  the  (Mackamas  bridge, 
coining  down  in  about  two  and  a  half  hours,  a 
feat  never  before  or  since  performed.  He  then 
went  to  Oswego,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade 
for  nearly  a  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  ho 
returned  to  j'ortland,  where  he  ei-gaged  in  cor- 
tracting  and  building  until  18.")7.  During  t!iat 
time  he  built  many  of  the  good  houses  of  the 
day,  the  one  in  which  A.  N.  King  resides  being 


ii 


i;,'i 


r  i  'M, 


;*«. 


i?i'5 


n.'.s 


nisronr  of  oiikoox. 


tilt'  liiHt,  which  WH8  (M'tctdl  thirtv-tivo  _v<'iii'Hii^<i, 
unci  the  tthinnli-H  witli  wliicli  his  cuvercil  it  still 
tuiti  the  nii;i.  in  1^.")7  he  erected  thu  fipHt  door 
iiiiij  wihIi  I'lii'tdfy  in  rottliitid,  which  wiih  Hrnt  lo- 
ciiti'd  at  the  foot  of  .Icirurson  Btreet.  Ill  lH>>Ti 
h(!  iiioveij  tlie  I'Mctory  to  tlio  foot  of  1''  street,  re- 
liiitiiiiiio;  tiii^re  for  three  yciirs,  when  he  removed 
to  hi>  ])reseiit  jociilitv  on  the  corner  of  I'ronf 
and  S  htreetM.  lleriiiie  has  the  niont  extensive 
estaiilisiinient  of  itH  l^ilJ(l  on  tiie  Northwestern 
eoiihl.  The  IniBineBrt  iu  now  principally  wliolo- 
Hide,  anil  the  inanufactnres  are  nhijiped  all  over 
the  Nortliuest.  lie  is  also  interested  iiiHsinii- 
lar  l)nsineH8  at  (Jrant's  I'ass  in  soutliorn  Oregon. 

In  ISol  li(>  was  nnirrieij  to  Miss  i'ili/.alieth 
Tailiot,  a  native  of  Kentnckv-  They  had  one 
dauj^hter,  l.nella  Clay.  In  l^STill  tile  devoted 
wife  anil  mother  died,  lie  married,  in  ISliO, 
Mrs.  Kli/.a  A.  Northroi),  a  native  of  the  Sluteof 
Indiana.  'I'iiey  have  live  ehildren,  all  Imrn  in 
I'oitland.  They  are:  Uose  M.,  now  the  wife 
of  Mr.  Kiijionc  Stiiro;is,  of  Portln'iil;  Kli/.aheth, 
John  I),  and  Fanny  1).  The  oldest  daughter, 
Luella  ('.,  is  a  profeseoi-  in  the  State  nniversity. 

Mr.  Carson  has  invested  in  considerahle  eity 
iiri)|)erty,  and  has  Imilt  a  hiinilsonie  residence  on 
the  corner  of  Nineteenth  and  J  utreete,  siir- 
riiiiiided  with  heautifnl  groiiiids,  ornamental 
tihrnbliery  and  all  modern  conveniences  and  ini- 
pi'iivements. 

lie  is  a  mem'ier  of  the  1,  (1.  ().  F.,  and  is  a 
thirty-second  dej^rce  Scottish  rite  Mason.  In 
reiiij;ii>iis  matters  he  is  a  Coiigrei^ationalist.  In 
polities  he  is  a  Kejinlilican,  having  had  the  honor, 
with  Senator  II.  W.  Corltett  and  others,  of  or- 
{^anizinif  that  party  in  ( )re^on,  the  meeting  hav- 
ing lieeii  held  in  I'ortland,  and  liy  its  prineiiiles 
he  has  ever  since  consistently  stood.  He  was  a 
memlier  and  the  I'rf  sident  of  the  Comninn  Coun- 
cil in  l8.")o-'r)ri,and  has  several  times  since  repre- 
sented the  Third  Ward  in  that  hody.  lie  was  a 
memU'r  of  the  Hoard  of  Exjierts  appointed  to 
effect  a  settlement  hetiveen  the  United  Stati's 
(iovernment  iind  the  Hudson's  I'ay  Company, 
in  ISO.'j-'Ot).  After  taking  niueli  testimony,  they 
made  a  rcjiort,  which  saved  the  United  States 
(iovernment  several  millions  of  dollars.  In 
187('  hi^  was  elected  t"  the  State  Leijislatnre, 
which  jioeition  he  lias  held  almost  continuously 
since.  In  1887  he  was  Pi  ^sidont  of  the  Senate, 
and  at  the  last  two  sessions  of  that  hody,  was 
Chairman  of  the  Ways  and  Means  Commitfee. 

A  paralell  might  he  drawn  letween  the  his- 
tory of  I'.frtland  and  the  life  of  Mr.  CarHon,  the 


two  having  started  from  Binall  U-ginniiigft  and 
both  having  accoinplished  great  things.  The 
poor  young  man  of  energy  andahility;  thuem- 
liryo  eity,  with  its  possiliilities  all  unknuwn, 
have  run  an  emulative  race,  iioth  an  honor  to  the 
State  and  to  the  world. 


9~t.}-^r2«*-.43=i+«frJg-J 


fAMKS  II.   lilJOWN.of  Logan,  (;iackaina8 
county,  is  one  of  <  tregon's  worthy  early  set- 
tlers, he  ha\  ing  come  to   the  Territory   in 
185:!. 

Mr.  I'rown  was  horn  in  the  State  of  Illinois, 
.liiiietj,  IHii.  He  was  hereft  of  his  fat'',  i-  by 
dtath  when  only  two  years  of  age,  i...>i  was  then 
given  hy  his  mother  to  Mr.  .1.  W.  (Jihson  to 
raise.  He,  however,  remained  with  Mr.  (iibson 
only  six  years,  at  the  end  of  whicdi  time  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  with  Mr.  Samuel 
(".  Uitchey.  He  was  at  that  tiiiu^  in  his  ninth 
year,  and,  although  (]uite  young,  helped  take 
care  of  the  stock;  rode  a  horse  and  led  one,  and 


made  himselfgenerally  n.sefnl.  After  a  journey 
of  six  months'  duration,  they  arri\ed  at  I'ort- 
land in  safety,  in  the  fall  of  18."")3,  and  settled  in 
Washington  county,  two  miles  sontli  (d 


Hills- 
biirougli.  He  resided  there  until  he  was  six- 
teen years  old,  and  then  started  out  to  do  for 
him-elf.  He  was  employed  at  farm  work  for  a 
time,  tlien  began  to  learn  the  trade  of  blacksmith, 
and  has  worked  at  the  blacksmith  trade  nearly 
ever  since.  In  18(')5  he  located  in  Oregon  City, 
where  for  two  years  he  worked  as  a  joiner.  Then 
lie  came  to  Logan  and  ran  a  b1io|)  at  the  mill.  In 
1871  he  came  to  his  present  locality  and  pur- 
chased the  eight  acres  on  which  his  residence 
and  shoj)  are  located.  Here,  by  honest  in- 
dustry, he  has  made  his  living  for  twiwity-one 
years,  repairing  and  manufacturing  for  the  far- 
mers in  his  vicinity,  and  has  thus  been  an  hum- 
ble, though  none  the  less  important,  factor  in 
the  improvement  and  development  of  the 
country. 

On  the  4th  of  September,  18(57,  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  McCubbin,  a  native  of  iSIissouri, 
born  in  1850.  She  came  with  her  parents  to 
Oregon  in  1852.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  have  had 
four  children,  two  sons  and  two  daughters, 
namely;  Nancy  Jane,  now  Mrs.  S.  W.  Minton, 
a  resident  of  Marion  county.  Oregon;  AVilliam 
H.,  Charles  Fred,  and  Klla  I'earl,  wdio  died  Jan- 
nary  11,  18',tO,  in  her  fourth  year. 


HisTonr  OF  oiifcaox. 


mn 


: 


For  seventi'on  ycnis  Mr.  Mrowii  has  l)eon  a 
Maxtor  MaBoii,  and  iiioHt  cif  that  tinio  hax  ))oon 
an  otlicor  in  ilio  Iml^i'.  1 1  o  is  in  |ii)iitiiiti  a  l)('iii- 
ocnit,  and  lit  iImh  writini;  liu  is  surviii^  his  third 
term  hh  S<'h()(d  I)iri;ct(ir.  Ilotii  ho  and  liix  wifo 
are  cliartor  incMilMTH  of  tlm  (iniUf^i',  and  i'min 
time  to  time  have  held  otHcn  in  it.  Mr*.  Brown 
is  a  tnnmber  of  tho  liaptint  Church. 

— ^-^^^:i©l^-^ — 

fQ.  A.  Y()UN(i,  iin  lionorod  Orej^on  pio- 
neor  uf  IS47,  aiid  a  proiniiuMit  farmer  of 
*  Washinj;;ton  cniinty,  was  boiMi  in  Ch'r- 
mont  county.  Ohio,  duly  111,  1S28.  His  father, 
Elani  Younjr.  was  horn  in  tho  State  of  New 
York  in  178'J,  a  di'sceiidant  of  tiif  i'ilf^rim 
f'athers.  Ho  was  reari'd  in  ids  native  Ktatc, 
and  learne'l  tlie  tratle  of  niiliwri^lit.  |)ui'ini; 
til')  war  of  lsl2  he  onlistiMl  liin  M:r\  ice.  and  at 
tlm  l>attl()  of  l/Undy's  Lane  was  wounded.  In 
ISlO  he  married  Miss  Irene  Katon,  wlio  was 
born  in  1791,  danj;;liter  of  Suniiiel  Hiiton.  the 
Eatons  being  (JoniU'Cticut  peojile,  and  after 
their  marriage  thoy  moved  to  Ohio,  settling  on 
the  frontier  and  there  rearing  their  fninily  of 
eight  children.  Only  two  of  the  hiniily  are 
now  living. 

In  1847  tho  fatlier  and  motlier  and  six  cliil- 
dren,  tiie  subject  of  our  8l<etch  being  tlio 
youngest,  started  on  the  7th  of  May  to  cross 
tlui  jdains  with  o\  teams.  Their  journey  was 
a.icndi'd  witif"  n.any  hardships  and  diihculties. 
They  liad  deep  rivers  to  ford,  buffalo  herds  to 
encounter,  anil  steep  mountain  passes  to  climb. 
One  night  twenty  of  their  o.xen  were  lost,  and 
their  long  search  in  the  morning  for  them  was 
fruitless.  Often  night  overtook  them  where  no 
water  was  to  bo  found,  and  both  the  emigrants 
and  their  oxen  surt'ered  from  thirst.  We  regret 
that  want  of  space  foriiids  a  minute  description 
of  their  journey;  so,  without  further  reference 
to  the  er.i'ly  part  of  their  trij).  we  pass  on  to 
where  tl-.ey  reach  the  Umatilla  ri\er.  There 
Dr.  Whitman  met  them  and  ga\e  needed  in- 
structions as  to  the  best  way  to  reach  the  Dalles. 
Ilis  kind  advice  and  encouragement  at  this  time, 
when  it  was  co  mucli  needed,  acted  like  "oil  on 
troubled  waterb  '"  Mr.  Young's  father  was  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Whitman  to  go  to  the  Whitman 
station,  thirty  miles  north,  and  liuild  a  grist- 
mill for  the  ("ayuse  Indians;  so  the  fam'ly 
started   in  that  direction,  and   overtook  a  ^ir. 


Saunders  and  his  family,  Mr.  Saunders  having 
been  employed  l)y  the  doctor  to  teach  school. 
The  next  diiy  they  met  Captain  I'ewley  coming 
from  the  ntntion.  lie  had  Ictt  ids  son,  Crockett 
A.,  and  daughter.  I.iiciiida,  at  Dr.  Whitman's. 
Mr.  Young  and  his  family  remained  iit  the 
station  a  week,  and  thrn  went  up  in  the  mount- 
ains, a  disliiiice  of  about  twenty  miles,  to  got 
out  lumber  for  the  mill  and  granary.  Our  sub- 
ject's brother,  James,  was  engaged  by  Dr.  Whit- 
man to  haul  lumber  In  the  station,  and  a  man 
by  tli(!  name  of  Smith  was  sent  up  to  cijt  logs. 
After  they  had  been  at  work  about  si.x  wi^eks, 
Jameb  was  about  ready  to  start  ilown  with  a 
load  on  Monday.  Uaiii,  however,  |iM'\i)nlud 
him  from  starting  until  the  following  iliiy. 
They  told  him  to  bring  hack  some  beef,  as  they 
were  about  out.  lie  did  not  return  when  they 
expected  him,  and  they  waited  till  the  follow- 
ing Monilay,  in  the  nieantinii-  living  on  salmon, 
trout,  and  bread  made  of  unliolied  Hour.  An- 
other brother  Daniid,  then  started  down  to  >ee 
why  James  li;id  not  returned.  Upon  reaching 
the  mission  ho  learned  from  the  women  that 
were  left,  of  tho  massiicre  of  Dr.  \\'hitinaii,  his 
wife  and  twelve  otiiers,  by  the  ('ayuso  Indians, 
.lames  had  been  killed  when  within  a  mill  of 
the  station,  on  the  same  <lay  ho  left  the  inouiit- 
ains.  The  others  were  killed  the  day  before, 
Monday,  Xovembor  2'.t,  1847.  After  Daniel 
arrived,  the  Indians  held  a  council  to  decide 
what  they  would  do  with  Smith  and  the  Young 
family,  the  result  being  that  they  sent  Daniel 
back  to  tell  them  to  come  to  the  station.  lie 
I'eached  the  caniji  in  the  mountaiiiB  about  an 
hour  before"  ,-unilown,  and  told  the  terrible 
news.  Half  an  lioui'  later  five  bio-  Indians,  well 
armed,  came  to  see  that  they  di<l  not  make 
their  C8ca])e.  Feeling  'Iiemselves  entirely  within 
the  power  of  the  Ted  men,  the  next  morning 
they  yoked  up  rlie  oxen  and  started  for  the 
mission,  tho  Indians  bringing  u|i  the  rear  as 
guard.  They  reached  their  destination  a  little 
after  dark,  and  wore  at  once  shut  up  as  prison- 
ers in  the  sa  ue  room  in  which  the  Indians  that 
(lav  had  kil  ed  liewley  and  Sales.  These  two 
men  were  sick  at  tho  time  of  the  massacre,  and 
when  it  tvas  found  they  would  get  well,  they 
too  ".Tire  killed  and  were  thrown  out  the  back 
joor.  With  these  dead  bodies  lying  near  tho 
house,  tho  floor  covered  wtth  blood,  the  prison- 
ers expecting  soon  to  share  a  fate  like  that  of 
theii-  friends,  tho  situation  was  indeed  awful, 
and  can  bettor  be  imagined  than  described. 


B!si,; 


mn 


i;l' 


'i|i  . 


(MO 


HISTORY    OF    OREOON. 


At  the  tiiiif  ol'  tlio  iiiM>.-iii'ri;  the  liiiiiiiiis  i\l- 
lacked  all  points  ut  once.  Smiio  of  tlie  settlerrt 
were  killing  licet,  others  were  workiii;^  in  the 
liliieksniith  shop,  and   one   was  at  work   in  the 

iiill.  The  tea<  lier  was  in  the  schoolroom  with 
his  pcliolars.  Dr.  Whitman  was  in  liis  library, 
roadinij.  They  shot  the  doctor  thrunjrh  the 
head  with  a  ])isfol,  and  that  was  the  sijj;nal  for 
the  awl'nl  work  to  liegiii.  After  he  lingered 
several  hours,  they  tomahawked  him.  Mrs. 
Wliitniaii    was   wounded,    as    also    was    a    Mr. 

Rogers,  who  was  at  their  house.  The  two  tlow 
up  stairs,  and  with  an  old  musket,  pointc^d  down 
at  the  Indians,  he  kept  them  at  hay  for  a  time; 
liiit  when  they  Iward  the  Indians  talk  of  tiring 
the  house,  they  went  down,  the  Indians  prom- 
ising nf)t  to  kill  them.  However,  they  were 
rid(lle(l  with  liullets.  They  lingered  \intil  after 
(lark.  Mr.  Oshorti,  his  wife  and  thi'ee  little 
children,  the  youngest  only  a  few  days  old, 
were  in  a  room  liy  themselves  when  they  heard 
the  (ii'st  I'cport.  At  once  aware  of  what  was 
beiiijt  done,  he  pulled  n)i  the  tlooring  and  they 
all  crowde<l  under  the  house,  where  they  re- 
mained secreted  until  night.  They  heard  .Mrs. 
AVliitman  praying  that  night  that  the  Lord 
Would  .sustain  her  jiarents  in  the  great  aliliction 
that  would  sooi  fall  upon  them.  They  heard 
l\Ir.  Mogers  moan  and  say,  "Come,  Lonl  .lesus, 
cemc  quickly,'"  nnil  then  all  was  still.  Later  in 
the  niolit  they  raised  the  hoards  and  crept  out 
from  Iheir  hiding  place,  went  down  the  Walla 
AValla  I'iver  five  uiifes  and  sccieted  themselves 
in  the  brush,  and  during  the  day  they  heard  the 
Indians  passing  \jp  an<i  down  the  trail.  The 
iie.xt  nighl  they  traveled  down  the  river  toward 
Fort  Walla  Walla.  His  vvife,  with  her  infant, 
was  in  no  condition  fo  travel,  -oon  became  ex- 
hausted and  could  go  no  farther.  He  then  hid 
her  and  the  childi'en  in  the  brush,  and  he  went 
on  to  the  fort  (o  procui'e  assistance.  The  fort 
was  then  held  by  the  Hudson's  May  (Company. 
Arrived  there  at  noon,  weak  and  hungry,  Mr. 
Osborn  asked  Captain  McI5ane.  wdio  was  in 
Command,  for  a  horse  with  which  to  go  after 
his  wife  and  children,  but  the  captain  refused 
to  render  him  any  assistance.  lie  gave  him 
some  food  and  told  him  to  go  to  I'matilla.  but 
not  to  come  back  to  the  fort.  At  this  juncture 
an  artist,  nameil  Stanley,  came  up,  and  learning 
(jf  the  situation,  otfei'ud  his  horse.  With  an 
Iiulinn  as  gui<le,  and  with  a  little  meat  and 
some  crackers  furnished  by  Stanley,  Mr.  (*si>orn 
returned  tor  his  wife  and  children,  and  starved 


with  them  for  Umatilla,  I'y  this  time  Mrs. 
Osborn  was  .so  much  exhausted  from  exposure, 
fear  and  famine  that  she  could  not  sit  alone  on 
the  horse,  ami  they  tied  her  to  the  Indian. 
Learning  that  some  of  the  murderers'  lodges 
were  near  Umatilla,  she  lefused  to  go  any 
farther  in  that  direction,  >aying,  ••  I  doubt  if  I 
can  live  to  get  tliere,  and  if  I  must  die  I  may 
as  well  die  at  the  gate  of  the  fort."  They  theii 
went  to  the  fort,  and  were  granted  admittance. 
The  next  day  a  man  by  the  name  of  Hall,  who 
was  working  on  the  granary  at  AVhitman's,  and 
who  was  wouufled  in  the  face,  reached  Fort 
Walla  Walla.  Captain  McHane  refused  to  lot 
him  in,  but  let  him  have  a  small  boat.  In  it 
he  started  down  the  river,  ami  that  was  the  last 
seen  of  him.  Saunders,  the  teacher,  and  the 
two  Sager  boys,  ,ageil  tifteeii  and  seventeen 
years,  were  among  those  massacred.  Two  boys 
by  tlio  name  of  Mason,  who  were  at  school, 
made  their  escape  on  horseback  to  Fort  Walla 
Walla.  Dr.  WMiitman  had  adopted  >ix  children, 
whose  parents  had  died  in  crossing  the  iilains, 
four  girls  and  two  boys.  These  two  were  the 
Sager  boys  who  were  killed. 

The  day  following  the  massacre,  Vicar-Gen- 
eral IJronlett  went  to  the  mission  and  had  the 
victims  interred.  lie  went  there  to  baptize 
some  of  the  murderers'  children.  That  fall  a 
priest  and  some  nuns  had  made  their  station  on 
the  rmatilla,  among  Whitman's  Indians,  and 
the  emigrants  were  puzzled  to  know  how  it 
came  that  the  Catholic  priest?-  were  exempt 
fi'om  harm  during  this  time  of  trcjnble. 

A  bhicksmith  by  the  name  of  Caniield  was 
wounde<l  in  the  side,  made  his  escape  and 
struck  the  trai!  that  went  east  to  the  Nez  I'erces 
Indians,  where  Ilev.  H,  H,  Kpalding  had  a  mis- 
sion, liy  traveling  at  night  and  hiding  in  the 
daytime,  he  reacheil  the  mission  and  lold  Mrs, 
Sjialding  of  the  massacre.  Rev,  Spalding  had 
a  mission  on  Snake  river,  at  Lapwai,  120  miles 
fiom  Whitman's  station,  and  they  had  been 
over  to  the  Umatilla  to  visit  some  sick  Indians 
who  ha<i  sent  ior  them.  Dr.  Whitman  went 
home  on  Saturday,  and  Mr,  SpaMing  remained 
until  th((  following  Tuesday,  As  the  hitter  was 
returning  he  met  the  priest,  Broidett,  An  In- 
dian soon  jiassed  them,  and  the  priest  then  told 
Spalding  of  the  njassacre,  and  als((  told  him  to 
avoid  passing  the  mission  on  his  way  home. 

The  release  of  the  prisoners  was  nurehasecl 
by  I'eter  S.  Ogden,  of  the  Hudson's  Hay  Com- 
pany, who  came  from   I'ort  Vancouver  to  i''ort 


^ 


niHTOkY  oh'  onmfON. 


Wiilla  WiiUa,  ami  <;Hve  the  Iiidiiiiis  blankets, 
biitchei'-kiiixes  and  aininiiiiition  in  exchange  tor 
the  whites.  December  81.  before  dayliifht,  Mr. 
Voung  and  his  party  started  with  ox  teams  tor 
the  fort,  reaching  it  about  an  honr  after  dark. 
They  wen  all  put  into  one  room,  and  were  bo 
crowded  that  it  was  tliflicnlt  to  find  sleeping 
room  on  the  Hooi'.  Captain  McHane  allowed 
the  Indians  in  the  iiiclosure  that  nisi^lit,  and 
their  war  dance  was  kept  up  until  after  mid- 
night. The  captHin  came  to  our  friends  and 
eaid:  ''Yon  mnst  not  say  iiere  what  you  think 
was  tlie  cause  of  the  massacre,  for  those  very 
walla  have  cars.''  Mr.  Spalding  and  his  family 
had  joined  the  people  at  the  furt.  It  should 
liere  be  stated  tiiat  ht'  left  hi«  daojichter,  Kli/a.at 
Whitman's  while  be  made  the  journey  above 
referred  to,  and  she  was  among  those  taken 
prisiKier. 

New  Yeairg,  the  daw  foli»>winii  their  arrival  at 
the  fort,  til*  whole  party  started  down  the 
Columbia  river  in  three  batteaus,  with  crews  of 
Canadian  Krenchmen.  Mr.  Ogden,  the  chief 
factor  in  the  cumptwi  .  being  in  the  leadinjf 
boat.  The  party  was  composed  of  sixty-two 
persons,  ranginy-  in  age  from  one  to  fifty-seven 
years.  Tlwy  ran  the  Dalles  in  safety,  on  two 
occasions  made  j)ortaf{e  of  a  mile  or  so,  and  in 
due  time  arrived  ut  Fort  Vancouver,  snifering 
froin  cold  and  exposure,  but  gla<l  of  their 
escape.  They  remained  tiiere  one  day,  and  then 
embarked  in  two  Imrges  for  Oregon  City,  their 
destination,  which  tlvf-y  reaHjed  without  further 
inisiuip. 

At  Oregon  City  Mr.  Vuung's  family  secured 
a  small,  one-roofo  ^lianty,  into  which  tiiey  car- 
ried the  few  little  bundles  'iiey  had  brought 
with  them.  Our  subject  and  his  brother  Daniel 
obtaitied  a  contract  to  cut  twenty  ci-rds  of  wood 
for  Mr.  Stewart,  a  blacksmith.  Later  his  brother 
worked  in  a  sawmill,  his  fatltw  made  patterns 
for  a  fonndrymnn.  and  he  ma<h-  a.v  ijtsaidles  witii 
a  butcher-knife  and  sold  them  to  the  stores,  re- 
ceiving  in  payment  "Oreywii  *Ti[>,"'  money 
issued  by  the  mercliaiits.  Tiws  foil. iwing  spring, 
M.iy  l(t,  184^<,  they  reoio '^d  to  the  Tualitin 
plains,  in  Washington  coiiirty,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1849  they  settled  on  wliat  is  now  the  T.  L.  Mc- 
P^ldorony  place.  In  tlw  ineantime.  through  the 
volunteers  who  went  to  fight  the  Indians,  they 
recovered  two  of  their  i-ows  and  one  ox.  Here 
the  fathei-  died,  in  his  sixty-r-cventh  year,  and 
the  liiother  i;j  her  .-ev.Mitv-fuiirth.      Jloncst,  in 


dustrious,  ho8pital)le  and  kind-hearted  people, 
they  had  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who 
knew  them. 

Here,  December  25.  18o(),  .1.  (.).  .\.  Vouni; 
mari'ied  Klizabeth  C'onatable.  a  native  <if  I'mtcs 
county.  .Missouri,  born  duly  1.  Is  K).  da\ighter 
of  Barton  Constable,  who  died  of  cholera  while 
on  his  way  to  Oregon,  in  1^52.  Her  father's 
death  occurred  on  the  3d  of  June,  and  on  the 
IHh  of  September  the  baby  died.  Her  mother 
died  before  they  started  West.  Thus  ti\e  or|)lian 
children  wen*  left,  the  oldest  then  oidy  twelve 
years  of  age,  and  tlR>y  were  cared  for  the  rest  of 
the  journey  by  a  nephew  of  Mr.  ('unstable. 
Mr.  and  iMrs.  Voung  have  had  eight  children, 
as  billows:  James  D.,  William  B.,  Jasper  H., 
Abraham  Lincoln,  Lowell  .\..  I'Vank  ('..  Mar- 
tha, Kliy.abeth  and  Mabel  .Line. 

As  the  years  passed  by  and  the  country  be- 
came settled.  .\lr.  Voung  saw  the  dawn  of 
brighter  days.  He  has  given  to  each  of  his 
children  a  tract  of  land,  and  retains  for  himstilf 
fifty-seven  acres,  which  is  six  miles  from  Port- 
land, on  which  he  is  raising  fruit.  He  ami  his 
good  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  i'lpis- 
copal  Church,  of  which  he  is  ;i  Trrstee.  I'olit- 
ically  he  is  a  Rejiublican. 


ILLIAM    S.  ARNOLD.    A.   M.,    Pro 

fessor  of  Natural  llistorj  and  English 
Litttrature  at  Willan\ette  University,  is 
a  mitive  of  Hampshire  county.  Nirgiii'",  bni'n 
November  .id,  184-.  His  lather,  .-olinioii 
.Arnold,  was  also  rt  native  of  Vin-'iniii,  but  I'mik.' 
left  an  orphan  in  childhood,  knew  little  of  his 
ancestry.  In  early  vdiitii  he  was  thniwn  upon 
his  own  resources,  anil  clio.se  the  traile  id'  a  stone 
mason,  in  which  he  became  \  cry  proficient,  con- 
tracting for  all  kinils  of  stonework  and  masonry. 
His  wife  was  a  member  of  the  l-!niar  family,  of 
Scotch  lineage,  and  well  known  in  Maryland; 
her  father  was  an  inn-keeper  in  colonial  days, 
when  the  hotels  were  hicaled  a  day's  journey 
aiiart.  He  was  on  thi'  line  of  the  national  turn- 
pike, between  Baltimore  and  the  Ohio  river. 
Solomon  Arnold  was  a  I'nion  num.  and  upon 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  sacriliced  his 
houic  and  removed  to  White  county,  Indiana, 
where  he  lived  during  the  lebeilion.  His  uib' 
ilied  February  3.  IStU.  but  at  I  he  close  of  tin* 
lidstilitier-  he  returiUMi  with  the  surviving  mem- 


':^F^mm 


802 


niHTORT    OF    OltEQoN. 


liers  ofliis  fHinily  to  tlic^  scenes  i)f  liis  boyliood, 
whicli  by  ilivision  had  bcoorne  ^^inerill  comity, 
West  X'iif^iiiiii;  liei'e  be  resided  until  his  deiitli, 
June  10,  187<l,  iiged  sixty  yeai's.  'V\w  early 
education  of  William  S.  Arnold  wan  soc.ured  in 
the  |)riiiiitiv(!  pioneer  school  sessions  of  three 
iiiontlis  durine-  the  winter.  These  0|)|)(jrt unities, 
liowcver,  were  cut  oil  liy  the  reverses  of  his 
father,  and  at  the  nuy  of  lifteen  years  lie  began 
iissistinc/ in  the  su|)[iort  of  the  family.  lie  re- 
moved with  his  father,  in  18tJl,  to  Indiana,  and 
was  en^nired  in    farining  until  .J  uly   1."),   IStiii, 

when  tli( uiitry  was  aroused  bv  the  approach 

of  Morjran's  forces.  Voiinir  .Vriiold  then  enlisted 
in  Company  iv,()Me  Hundred  iind  Sixteenth  Indi- 
ana X'oliinteei-  Infantry,  and  was  sent  to  Tenti- 
C8i»ee,  where  lie  was  chielly  on  i^nard  duty 
nlonff  the  railroads  and  in  the  nionntain  jiasses. 
He  was  honorably  discharired  .Nfareh  2, 1804,  and 
re-enlisted  Jaiuiary  "JH,  180."),  in  Company  (t, 
One  Ilundreiland  Fifty  tirst  Ueo;inient,  Indiana 
Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  atrain  sent  to  east- 
ern  Tennessee,  and  was  stationed  at  Tullalionia 
on  f;iiard  duty,  beiiij^  dischai'i^ed  Sejitember 
I',l,  18(i."j.      He  then  returned  to  Indiana. 

Kealizinir  the  necessity  of  further  educational 
advaiitai.res,  than  bad  ever  bei'ii  irranted  him.  he 
applied  the  inonev  lie  had  saved  dnriiiif  the  war 
to  this  purpose,  lie  entered  the  I'attle  Gi'onnd 
Collci;iate  Institute,  the  old  baftle-ijronijd  of 
Tippecanoe,  where  he  remained  until  1808, 
passinu-  bis  summer  vacations  in  the  study 
of  peMmaiishi|)  and  business  methods  at  East- 
man's and  Ibyant  iV  Stratton's  l{usines8Collefj;es, 
Chicago.  In  1808  he  took  a  short  course  at 
Asbiiry  rniversify,  (4reencastle,  Indiana,  after 
which  he  took  eharee  of  the  intermeiliate  de- 
partment of  the  lii'ookstone  (Indiana)  Academy. 
He  remaiiu'il  tlieri'  one  year, at  the  end  of  wiiieb 


laiia,  where  ne 


year,  at  tl: 
time  he  went  to  Wanatab,  hid 
oro;unized  the  e;radeil  schools;  he  was  connected 
with  the  schools  there  until  1871.  when  he  be- 
jran  pursuiiiif  the  classical  course  at  tlm  North- 


western I' 


niversi 


ty.I 


xanston 


II 


|{vtc 


ig  in  the   university  and   during  the   summer 


mai 


he 


ifraduated  with  the  class  oi 


nap'd    to   complete    this 


dejrri 


A.  I! 


le  class  of  1S70,  receiving  the 
He  next  t;iui,'hl  in  the  I'ryant 
iV  Strattou  and  in  the  .Met ro|)olifan  Business 
l!o!lege8  in  Chicaoo,  and  in  1877starti' 


of  his  own  in 


liartnorshiii  with  H.  M.  Worth 


idiool 
ng- 


ton.   .\fter  1^<Tm  be  conducted  this  school   alone 


as    t!ie 


l''v!inston    Hiisiness   (Jollege.      He    w( 


placing   it   upon    a  tirni  fc 


dat 


trustees  of  Willamette  University  oifered  him 
the  chair  of  Natural  History  and  English  Liter- 
ature, requesting  also  that  he  organize  a  busi- 
ness course  for  the  uni\ersity.  He  accepted 
the  projiosition  and  cniue  at  once  to  Salem, 
(M-gaiii/ing  in  September,  1880.  the  business 
course  which  he  has  conducted  with  marked 
success,  in  connection  with  his  other  lessons. 
In  point  of  connection  with  the  university 
Prof.  Arnold  Is  the  oldest  member  of  the 
faculty. 

In   18sO  the  Northwestern    I'liiversity  con 
ferred  the  degree  of  A.  M.  u|ton  liim,  an  honor 
which  bis  alma  mater  was  proud  to  pay. 

Pn''  ',  I'old  was  married  at  Evanstoii,  Illi- 
nois, !  il;  '■'',  1881,  to  Miss  Alice  L.  Misner, 
and  of  \\\u  union  four  children  have  been  born: 
Frances  Alice,  Ella  Agnes,  Myrtle  Marguerite 
and  William  Wallace.  The  family  reside  at  the 
corner  of  Center  and  Winter  streets,  where  they 
own  a  handsome  home.  Professor  Arimld  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  ().  V.  W.  I'or  many  years 
he  has  been  Steward  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
("hurcli,  and  a  successful  instructor  in  the  Sab- 
bath-school, of  which  he  was  Superintendent  for 
three  years.  In  all  educational  and  moral  work 
he  has  taken  a  deep  interest,  and  ranks  among 
the  most  nroininent  citizens  of  his  State. 


ion    when    II 


d-'.NRY  HAKIJER,  senior  member  of  the 
\\M\  firm  of  Barber  i^:  Hill,  ii  prominent  busi- 
^/  ness  house  of  East  Portland,  was  born  in 
Albany.  New  York,  July  13,  18:!2.  His  father, 
(ieorge  Barber,  was  a  native  of  Schenectady, 
that  State;  his  ancestors  came  to  America  before 
the  Uevolntion.  Our  subject's  grandfather, 
Ualpli  Barber,  served  as  a  soklier  in  tlia  war  for 
independence,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of 
Monmouth,  (ieorge  Barber  married  Hannah 
Keith,  a  native  of  Newark,  New  Jersey,  ami  bad 
five  children,  of  whom  two  only  are  now  living.  ' 

Mr.  Henry  Barber,  the  youngest  son  in  the 
above  family,  and  the  third  child,  was  reared 
in  New  VorK  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age. 
soon  after  which  date  he  enlisted  in  theainiv 
and  a  little  later  came  by  water  to  (Jalifornia. 
landing  at  San  Francisco  in  June,  185i$.  lie 
served  as  a  soldier  live  years  in  ('(uiipany  M, 
Third  United  States  Artillery.  In  18.")'.-)  he 
came  to  Oregon  and  fought  in  the  Indian  war. 
.Vt  the  battle  of  White  river  lie  was  shot  through 
the  leg,  but  be  was  in  the  hospital  only  ten   days 


iiisrour   OF  ()/i/-;'i<K\. 


W>:\ 


He  was  honorably  discharger],  and  then  ho 
located  on  a  donation  claim  at,  Uaflon.  (Meai'ine; 
ofE  liiti  land,  he  took  tiie  timber  to  Oak  Point 
and  Astoria.  AVhile  he  was  cn^faijed  in  this 
business  he  lost  a  bartre  and  a  vahialtle  raft  by 
a  stone  in  the  bay. 

In  18(50  he  eiime  to  Multnomah  county,  and 
was  married  to  Miss  A[argaret  Ann  Uodiek. 
For  two  years  he  was  engaged  in  (iovernnient 
surveyini^,  and  then  became  to  Portland,  where 
he  vvas  for  a  time  in  the  ein|)l(iyment  of  the 
Willamette  ^fijl  ('(impanv.  Then  he  came  to 
East  Portland,  and  was  for  nineteen  years  in  the 
em])loy  of  II.  A.  Iloyne,  the  period  ending  with 
July  i"),  18711.  He  tiien  started  in  the  \inder- 
taking  and  embalming  business,  on  the  corner 
of  Fourth  and  I  streets,  whei'e  he  operated  until 
1891.  when  he  moved  into  bis  present  rooms  in 
the  nicest  business  blcjck  in  East  i'oi-tlaiid,  iiuilt 
by  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Ilolman.  and  named  the 
Jhirber  Block.  Here  he  has  without  exception 
the  finest  undertaking  rooms  in  the  Northwest, 
if  not  on  all  the  coast.  The  firm  of  Harber  iSi 
Hill  was  organized  November  1,  1891. 

^[r.  Hill,  the  junior  meml)er  of  the  firm,  is  a 
first-class,  praclical  einiialnier,  and  undertaker, 
and  has  a  diploma  fii,m  the  ITtiited  States  Col- 
lege of  Embalniiiig. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Itarliei'  have  had  two  ebildi'ei). 
both  iiorn  in  Portland.  Their  eldest  daughter, 
Julia  Ann,  is  the  wife  of  Edward  Ilolman;  ami 
their  younger  daughter,  Hannah,  married  H.  ('. 
Whitley.  Mrs.  Harber  died  June  4,  181(0.  She 
was  an  carlv  settler  of  Oreiron,  and  a  irood  and 
laitlilul  wife  and  mother,  being  greatly  beloved 
liy  her  family  and  friends. 

In  politics  Mr.  P/arber  is  a  liepublican,  and 
he  is  a  reliable  and  worthy  pioneer  and  business 
man. 


fAII.  llli.TinUAM).  who  lias  been  a 
worthy  ami  successful  resident  and  farmer 
of  I'olk  county  for  foityseveii  yeai'.s,  came 
to  his  present  location  iti  lS-15.  He  was  born 
in  Ohio,  June  7,  18:.';1  His  father,  John,  was 
born  in  (ierniany,  and  came  to  .America  in 
17118,  anci  settled  in  Pennsylvania  with  his 
father,  Jacob.  He  served  in  the  war  of  1812, 
and  was  wounded  in  the  wrist  bv  a  gunshot 
in  the  famous  liattle  of  X.^w  Orleans.  Here 
n.ove(|  to  Kentiicky,  where  he  I'esided  until  tiie 
tone  of  his  death,  wlii<'h  occurred  NoveinlK>r  7, 


18(!7.  He  was  a  Hajitist  in  I'eligion,  and  was  a 
worthy,  good  man.  He  had  in'cn  twice  mar- 
ried; his  first  wife,  <(ur  subject's  mother,  die(l  in 
IMti.  P.y  her  he  had  eight  chihlren,  only  three 
of  whom  are  now  livino. 

Our  subject  was  reared  in  Ohio  until  his 
eleventh  year,  when  they  removed  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  resided  until  he  came  to  Oivgon,  in 
1845.  He  was  in  his  twenty-third  year  when 
he  made  the  trip,  in  comjiany  with  Stephen  and 
Isaac  Staats  ami  others.  They  were  a  set  of 
brave  young  men,  and  have  all  proven  them- 
selves worthy  Oregon  picuieers.  I'hey  made  a 
safe  and  pleasant  journey  of  seven  months  and 
si.xteen  days,  counting  from  the  time  ihev  left 
St.  Joseph,  Missouii,  until  they  arrived  in  Polk 
county.  They  arrived  at  llickreall,  near  the 
jiresent  site  of  Dallas,  November  14,  Ho  re- 
mained here  three  w(<eks,  and  then  cann;  to  jiis 
present  location,  wbei-e  he  took  up  tiKI  acres  of 
land.      Here  he  built  a  little  liewn-log  hut. 

He  was  married  .July  iJ,  1SK3,  to  Miss  Eva- 
line  Tetherow,  daughter  of  Solomon  Tetherow, 
who  was  the  captain  of  the  company  witli 
which  our  subject  orosseil  the  plains,  and  it  was 
to  the  captain's  experience  anil  ability  that  th<!y 
owed  tlieii'  esc:i])e  from  the  Meek's  cut-otf.  He 
advised  going  noi'tli,  and  striu'k  off  with  his 
own  learns,  and  the  others  followed.  Mrs.  Ililti- 
bi'aiid  was  born  in  .Missouri,  March  ".'7,  1^28. 
Her  parents  settleil  on  their  donation  claim,  and 
were  honored  and  respected  until  their  death. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hiltibrand  settled  on  their  first 
donation  (daim  in  184t).  one  mile  north  of  his 
present  home,  and  after  a  year  he  sold  his  right 
and  |)aiil  ><)j(l()  for  the  right  to  his  pi'csent  fai'in. 
He  bought  it  from  .Mr.  Porter  Lock.  Here  he 
has  lived,  laboi'cil  mihI  im|iroved  his  farm,  and 
made  of  his  donation  <daim  one  of  the  tine 
farms  of  the  county.  He  lias  aildcMl  4<>f')  acres 
to  his  original  farm,  making  him,  in  all,  the 
owiu-r  of  over  l,10lt.  Tlie  j)i'operty  has  in- 
creased in  value  until  it  is  now  worth  sjitl)  an 
acre.  At  first  oui'  subject  dealt  largely  in 
stock-raising,  but  later  he  has  been  engaged  in 
general  farming  in  addition  to  the  former  pur- 
suit. Mr.  anil  .Mrs.  Hiltibrand  have  h;id  five 
children,  namely:  Savinu,  now  Mrs.  Outhouse, 
a  widow,  who  re-ides  in  i,i  (Jrande;  Itl'a  Eliz- 
a!)etli, now  Mrs.  Marshall  Schoti(dd,rosiiiea  with 
her  parents;  James  is  on  a  pirt  of  the  farm; 
ami  .lohn  W.  is  also  on  the  farm.  Thnse  eliil- 
dren  were  all  born  on  this  firm.  Mr.  and  .Mrs. 
Hiltibrand   are    nuunbers   of   tiio    ("umlnrliiid 


004 


UrSTOHT    OF    OREGON. 


I'lx'.-liytci'iiin  Cliiircli.  in  whicli  lie  has  lii'uii  iin 
HliliT  iiiiil  (Mt'ik,  and  ismifot  its  substantial  j)il- 
lars.  His  jiolitics  aru  Duinoci'alic,  but  lin  has 
ItL'fii  rctii'iiii.";  and  lias  attended  to  liis  own  atl'airs, 
HO  has  not  liij;iiiud  innch  in  ])olilic8.  lie  has 
lived  a  K(Pod,  industrious  life;  made  a  oood 
rceonl  as  a  citizen,  livud  at  peace  with  iiis 
iu'ij,'lihnr>,  and  now  he  and  his  wife  are  enjoy- 
ini^  the  even itii;;  of  their  lives  in  tlie  shade  of 
their  own  vine  and  Kg  tree.  May  tiiey  he 
spared  many  years  to  enjoy  the  fruit  of  tiieir 
united  laiiors. 


#g. 


s^f.. 


LVKl^ 


is  among  the  rising  yoniig  at- 
torniiys  of  the  city  of  Mu^'ene.  He  was 
_^  horn  in  jMiller  county,  Missouri,  May  2i, 
lS5;i.  His  parents,  Joseph  aiul  Anna  (Osliorn) 
Hilyeii  were  natives  of  Teniiesgee  and  Hlinois, 
respectively.  (For  detailed  sketch  of  parents 
see  hiograjihy  of  William  K.  I'.ilyeu,  which  fol- 
lows.) 

\,.  Hilyeii  crossed  the  j)lains  with  his  pai'cnts 
in  ISG'J,  and  afterward  attended  school  in  Wash- 
ington county,  and  completed  his  studies  at  the 
i'acitic  University  at  I'orest  <irovc.  He  was 
elected  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  187<)  for  a 
period  of  two  years.  Whiie  Httending  to  the 
:  ities  of  liis  otiice  he  began  to  study  law  in  the 
orticc  of  .ludge  R.  8.  Strahan,  of  Albany,  and 
was  admitted  to  tlie  bar  in  1877.  Jle  then  en- 
t4'red  into  piii'tnei'shii)  with  .iudne  Strahan.  and 
i'esi<led  in  Albany  until  1882,  when  Mr.  Dilyeu 
o[icneil  a  bnnudi  otiice  at  Fui^ene.  Tlie]iartncr 
shlii  continu(Ml  until  Jmlee  .Stralian  was  elected 
Cliiof  .Justice  of  Oregon,  when  tli(;  partnership 
dissolved,  }\r.  Hilyeu  continuing  the  general 
|irac,tiee  at  P^ugene.  In  t8s4  he  was  elected  l)y 
the  Democratic  party  to  the  State  Legislatui'e, 
and  served  tlnough  the  regular  and  special 
sessions.  He  was  apjiointed  Chairman  of  the 
('(immittee  on  Corporation,  and  was  a  member 
(d' the  Judiciary  Comuiittee.  In  ls8()  he  was 
ri-  elected,  and  duriiiif  that  session  obtained  an 
aiiprojiriMtion  of  $:J(),()0()  for  the  Univer.sity  of 
Oregon,  which  was  used  ii>  constructing  wiiat  is 
known  as  "Villard  Hall."  He  was  also  reap- 
pointed Chuirniau  of  the  Committee  on  (Joi'pcj- 
ration,  whore  he  |)erformed  valuable  .-ervice. 
He  has  serveil  four  terms  as  Co\incilman  of 
Kugeue,  and  by  the  appointment  of  (lovernor 
IVniioyer,  he  is  a  member  of  the  State  ISoard  of 


E(]ualizati(in  for  the  Second  Judicial  i)i>trict, 
and  is  Democratic  nominee  fur  reeh'ction  in 
June,  181t2. 

Among  the  most  prominent  of  his  cases  we 
cite  the  Vj.  E.  C!hrisinan  will  case,  he  being  at- 
t(jruey  for  tlic  cont('stants.  The  ([n((stions  in- 
volved were  "testamentary  capacity  and  undue 
iuHuence,'"  and  after  j)assing  through  the  highei' 
courts  of  the  State,  the  will  was  sustaineil  and 
was  thus  settled.  The  law  that  tiie  "burden  of 
proof  must  be  established  by  the  pro])onents," 
was  established  in  this  suit.  As  member  of 
the  State  i'oard  of  K(|ualization  in  18112  he  de- 
fended the  action  of  the  Board  before  the  State 
lioard  of  Ta.\  I-evy,  comprised  of  the  (iovernor, 
Secretary  of  State  and  State  Treasurer,  who 
were  about  to  ignoi'e  the  .iction  of  the  Doard  of 
Ei|ualization,  but  through  ^Ir.  iiilyeu's  able  ef- 
fort the  action  of  his  board  was  sustained. 

He  was  married  in  Albany  in  lS78toMiss 
Margaret  Irvine,  of  Linn  county,  a  daughter  of 
Hon.  11.  A.  Irvine,  pioneer  of  1852.  They 
have  one  chihl,  Coke  I. 

Mr.  Hilyeu  is  a  Knight  Templar,  !•".  &  A.  M., 
and  a  charter  mendjer  of  Ivaidioe  Cominandery, 
Xo.  2,  of  Eugene.  He  resides  on  the  corner  of 
Eincoln  and  Seventh  streets,  and  also  owns  val- 
uable acre  property  adjoining  town  and  in  East 
Portland. 


^ON.  WILLIAM  11.  lilLVKU,  City  At- 
fMj  toruey  of  Albany,  Oregon,  was  born  in 
*;^  Miller  county.  Missouri,  in  1817.  His 
father,  Josepli  Itilyeu,  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
ami  of  French  descent, emigrated  with  hisparents 
to  Illinois  when  he  was  only  ten  years  of  age. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  and  at  mature  years 
was  married  to  .Miss  Anna  Oshorn.  .'\boutl8-40 
they  removed  to  Alissouri  and  settled  in  Miller 
County,  engaging  in  farming  and  stock-raising. 
In  18(52  he  gathered  together  his  jiossessioiis  and 
witii  his  wife  jind  seven  children  started  forOre- 
gon,  their  "jirairie  schooner"  being  drawn  by 
horses.  Arrived  in  Oregon,  he  purcluHcd  a  farm 
of  360  acres  near  Hillsborough,  in  Washington 
county,  and  reside<l  on  it  until  18I)P),  when  ho 
reiH  ived  to  Polk  connry.  and  in  I8ii8  to  Linn 
county.  Selecting  a  place  near  Scio  he  bought 
320  acres,  established  his  homu  and  engaged  in 
farming,  remaining  there  until  18S8.  He  then 
sohi  out  and  purchased  ;)00  acres,  six  miles  east 
of  AlWiy,  where  he  now  re.sides. 


uisToiiY   (!!■'  on /■:(!( ly. 


WK> 


William  K.  was  c(iiicated  at  I'aeilic  Univor- 
i^ity,  Forest  (irovc,  g"i(hiiitiiiir  in  1S73.  lie 
tlion  taiiifjit  school  in  .\[aiion  county  two  years. 
In  Is7i5  lie  bej^au  r'adinjf  law  in  tlie  otHcc  of 
Mallory  iV  Shaw,  at  Sali'iii,  and  the  folhjwiiiir 
year  was  admitted  to  till' iiav.  He  was,  however, 
engac^ed  in  nieehanieal  pursuits  until  187U, 
wiien  he  liei^an  the  jiractiee  of  law  at  Albany, 
entering  into  partiiershij)  with  Judge  .1.  ('. 
Powell,  and  continuing  with  him  six  years.  At 
the  end  of  that  time  they  dissolved  partuersiiip, 
and  Air.  liilyeu  has  since  lieen  alone.  In  1878 
he  was  elected  'o  the  State  Senate  by  the  Demo- 
eratic  party.  Durino  his  term  of  service  he  in- 
troduced the  mortgage  tax  law,  which  was  carried 
and,  although  having  strong  ojiposition,  is  still 
in  force.  He  was  also  active  in  measures  per- 
taining to  State  insurance  laws.  In  1882  he 
was  re  elected  fur  four  years.  He  introduced  the 
bill  regarding  methods  of  distribution  of  school 
funds,  and  secured  such  legislation  as  would  give 
the  smaller  districts  a  certain  amount  of  money 
without  regard  to  enrollment  of  pu])ils,  the  rest 
to  be  divided  pro  rata.  In  1S86  he  reauined 
practice  in  Albany.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
convention  that  gave  Sylvester  I'ennoyer  h.i.s 
first  nomination  for  (iovei-nor.  In  1888  Mr. 
P>ilyeu  was  nominated  as  one  of  the  Pemocratic 
Presidential  Klectors,  and  he  stumped  the  State 
for  Clexeland.  In  danuary,  18'J1,  be  was  electeil 
City  Attorney  ot  Albany,  and  was  re-elected  the 
f.illowing  year. 

He  was  married  at  Gorvallis  in  1883  to  .Miss 
Mary  K.  (ioldson,  a  native  of  Mississippi,  and  has 
two  children,  Charles  T.  and  Walter  R. 

Mr.  I'ilyeu  is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge, 
cha|)ter  and  cominandery.  F.  it  A.  M.,  and  the 
rniform  Kank,  K.  of  1'.  He  ..wns  vnhiablo  im- 
]>roved  jiroperty  at  .X'l.ni,-  and  In<le|iemlence, 
and  among  the  legal  p  .ii'.'bsion  enjoys  the  cimti- 
deiico  of  his  associates  and  the  esteem  of  a  large 
aerjuaiMtance. 


-'-^-^1 


fOIIN  G.  F.OOS,  the  popular  Mayor  an<l 
business  man  of  Forest  (imvc,  is  ji  native 
of  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  born  .Septem- 
ber 24,  1852.  He  is  of  (ierman  ancestry,  his 
father,  J.  J.  Boos,  having  come  from  that  coun- 
try to  the  Ignited  States  in  1847.  He  located 
in  Wisc(]nsin,  when-,  like  many  othei-s  of  his 
nationality,  he  has  coniributed  mateiially  to  the 


growth  and  ])n»perity  of  the  country  by  his 
habits  of  industry  and  economy.  He  married 
Miss  C/atharine  \Veitzel,  and  thev  had  twelve 
childreii,  seven  ut'  whom  are  iiirw  li\  ing,  all  in- 
dustrious and  reputable  citizens  of  tlii>  country. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  lifth  child, 
and  was  reaixvl  and  educated  in  his  native  State, 
where  he  learned  the  tinners"  trade,  working  at 
it  for  five  years,  after  which  he  was  for  three 
years  engaged  in  business  for  his  father  in 
Nebraska.  At  this  time,  hearing  favorable  re- 
ports of  the  extreme  oS'oi'tliwest.  ]n'.  concln(|ed 
to  try  his  fortunes  in  that  more  genial  dime. 

Act'ordingly,  in  1877,  we  tind  him  beginning 
business  in  l-'orest  (irove,  in  a  small  way  as 
comjiared  with  the  large  business  his  tirm  are 
now  doing.  He  commenced  as  tinner  and 
dealer  in  stoves,  but  by  close  application  to 
businees.  and  by  liberal  methods,  he  was  so 
gretly  prosjiered  that  in  18S5  he  engaged  in  a 
general  niercbamlise  business,  including  wagons, 
carriages  and  farming  implements.  He  is  now 
conceded  to  have  the  largest  mercantile  enter- 
prise in  the  city.  Ills  success  is  in  a  great 
measure  due  to  his  liberality  and  intert'st  in  the 
general  welfare  of  his  favorite  city,  having 
taken  advantage  of  every  oi)j)ortunity  to  lift  her 
\ip  and  tide  her  over  all  obstacles  wiii(di  might 
have  proved  shoals  of  disastei'.  In  return  he 
has  been  swept  along  by  the  general  wave  of 
|)rosperity,  until  he  is  now  safely  established  on 
the  tirm  foundation  of  commercial  worth. 

Mr.  Ileitzhau.sen,"  hie  brother-in-law,  i.-  the 
other  member  of  the  firm,  who  is  a  careful, 
honest  and  able  business  man,  giving  idose  at- 
tention to  the  details  of  the  business,  thus 
elHciently  aiding  in  the  prosperity  of  their  en- 
teriirise. 

Mr.  i>oo>  has  emphasized  his  faith  in  the 
future  bright  prospects  of  bis  favorite  city  by 
investing,  from  time  to  time,  as  his  means  would 
permit,  in  choice  city  and  adjacent  ('ountry 
property,  having  now  miieb  valuable  real  estate. 
Hesides  this  he  owns  a  large  (|uanlity  of  sto(d\ 
in  the  Forest  (Jrove  Stone  Company,  of  whi<di 
he  is  president.  Tiiis  eonipanv  has  an  inex- 
haustible (piarry  (d'  I  hie  sainlstnne,  located  five 
miles  from  l''orest  (irove.  I'hey  are  now  en 
gaged  in  cutting  the  stone,  which  i-nterprise  is 
destined  to  be  of  very  great  value 

He  was  marrierl  on  ( )ctuber  ti.  1*^7™,  to  Miss 
A.  T.  Heitzhaiiseii.  his  partner's  sister,  a  most 
e^timalile  youiio-  lady.  'I'hey  have  hail  siv;  cliil- 
dien.  live  of  whom   are  now  living;   l^dward  .1., 


000 


IHsrnllV     (IF    OUKCdS. 


:'• 

i'i ;  ■;    ■  -E 

'1 

,  ^-  ;■    .1:: 

ii 


Pniiliim.  Williniii,  I^iuira  K.  and  (teorge  Ernest; 
a  l)Oiiiitiful  (langlitur,  Lillie,  ilii'il  in  lici-  ninth 
year. 

Ill)  is  a  llupiililiciin  in  politics,  and  as  an  iii- 
dorseinmit  of  liis  worth  his  constituents  have 
elected  him  to  the  higiicst  office  in  tlu^  gift  of 
the  iiMuiifipality,  in  wliieii  ca|)acity  ho  is  serving 
nhly,  rctlcctiiig  credit  alike  on  himself  and  the 
excellent  jiidj,'inent  (jf  his  party.  The  honor  is 
all  the  more  tlatterini,'  heeanst'  it  was  bestowed 
nna>i<('d  and  nnsonj^dit  liy  him. 

He  is  a  worthy  memhci'  of  the  I.  < ).  (),  F. 
aTid  .\.  ().  U.  W.,  holdiiijr  in  the  latter  fratern- 
ity the  otlico  of  Past  Mastei-. 

A  favorahle  conelnsion  is  so  easily  drawn 
from  the  record  of  this  honorahle  career,  that  it 
is  perha|)s  impertinence  to  jioint  ont  more  fully 
his  woi'(hine.-s  to  he  the  ri^cipient  of  the  highest 
respect  and  esti'eni  uf  his  fellowincn. 

[OIIX  \l.  I'OOTIl,  a  prominent  citizen  of 
McMinnville,  was  horn  in  Iowa.  Xovembcr 
1!),  1844,  and  in  1.847  he  was  hronght  hy 
lis  father,  in  emitjration,  to  this  State.  His 
father.  Richard  iiooth,  was  horn  in  I'',ngland, 
Septemher  :i(),  ISlli,  and  cam<'  to  America  when 
a  hoy.  Novcmhor  17,  1S4U,  he  married  Miss 
Margiiret  Itontzon,  a  native  of  <  )liio,  and  had 
four  children  before  ho  came  to  Oregon,  namely: 
Zebuda  Jane,  Sarah  Alice,  John  Uoutzon  (our 
>nl)ject)  and  Mary  Kli/.aheth.  With  his  wife 
and  children  he  crosscil  the  plains  to  this  State 
in  1S47,  with  teams  of  oxen  and  cows,  and  thus 
he  had  a  su|)ply  of  rnilK  dnring  the  journey. 
He  was  six  months  on  the  journey,  arriving  in 
Vain  Hill  cotinty  dnring  the  last  of  November, 
and  settling  on  the  donation  land  claim,  on 
which  his  son  (the  subject  of  this  article)  now 
resides,  two  miles  east  of  >[cMinn\  ille.  This 
was,  of  course,  a  choice  tract  of  land,  and  with 
the  improvements  nuide  ujioii  it  by  the  enter- 
prisin;^  iiroprietors,  it  has  Ijccome  one  of  the 
best  lionic-in  thecounty.  During  the  first  eigli- 
teen  years  he.  with  his  family,  lived  in  a  lo<f  cabin. 
After  his  coming  to  Oregon  he  had  eight  tnoi'e 
children.  His  wife  died  in  18()."),  and  May  l.'J, 
1H88.  he  followed  into  the  eternal  future,  in  his 
seventy-tirst  year.  He  was  an  honest  and  I'e- 
speetable  citizen.  The  mimes  of  his  chihircii 
born  here  are;  William  .1..  now  a  n^sidcnt  of 
Tillamook'    county;     H'Mijamin    M..    itichard   S. 


and  \V(!st  ().  are  in  the  State  of  Washington; 
.(ose|)h  A.  (].  resides  near  i'endleton,  rmatilla 
county;  Margaret  L.  is  the  wife  of  .!.('.  Pen- 
nington, residing  on  the  old  homestead;  N.  S.  I', 
is  in  Vacpiina,  Benton  county;  and  Clarence  C. 
is  in  Washincrton. 

The  gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  sket(di, 
on  attaining  maidiood,  rented  lainf  for  two  years, 
and  then  ])urclniscd  eight  acres,  then  twenty- 
seven,  and  forty,  as  lie  was  able;  ami  btinga 
tenth  heir  of  the  old  homestead,  he  purchased 
the  interest  of  five  of  the  others,  and  he  now 
lias  un  aggregate  of  188  acres  of  valuable  land 
near  tlio  city.  In  1890  he  built  a'nice  farm 
residence.  His  industry  and  cloje  attention  to 
business  has  been  rewarded  with  very  satis- 
factory results.  Ho  is  both  a  grain  and  a  stock 
farmer.  In  order  to  make  a  market  for  his 
cattle,  he,  in  conijiany  with  S,  J.  Ilibb?,  ojioned 
a  meat  nnirket  uiuler  the  iirin  name  of  Booth  & 
IIil)hs.  The  latter  hat-  since  retired  from  the 
firm  and  Mr.  Bootli  is  carrying  on  the  business 
alone,  having  a  large  trade  in  AIcAfinnville. 
Mr.  Pooth  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Grange, 
and  lias  served  as  its  Master,  and  also  has  aided 
in  building  the  (Grange  hall  and  wareliouse,  and 
he  is  a  stock-holdei'  in  tlieii'  store.  In  his  poli- 
tics he  is  a  liepublican.  and  he  has  ever  lu^en  in- 
terested in  the  educati(Uial  affairs  of  his  district; 
Inis  ser\-ed  as  School  Director.  He  is  an  enter- 
jirising  and  successful  business  man,  deserving 
and  enjoying  the  good-will  of  his  fellow-citizens. 

His  brother-in-law,  <I.  C  Pennington,  is 
County  Treasurer  of  Yam  Hill. 

April  8,  iHtiS,  is  the  date  of  his  marriage  to 
Miss  Ellenette  Olds,  a  native  of  Michigan,  and 
the  daughter  of  Air.  .\aron  K.  Olds.  .Mr.  and 
Mrs.  I'ootli  have  one  daughter,  I'ertha  L.,  who 
is  now  the  wife  of  Fred  Ilibbs,  her  father's 
partner  in  the  meat  market. 


-^^(ifnif.^-- 


A=3_ 


fENKV  W.  PKETTVMAN  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1847,  and  is  a  native  of  Delaware, 
being  born  in  that  State  .Inly  iil,  18;jy. 
His  father.  Dr.  Perry  Pretfyman,  was  a  native 
(jf  the  same  State,  but  his  ancestors  were  Entr- 
lish  and  came  to  this  country  previous  to  the 
Kevolutiou.  Dr.  Prettyman  married  Elizabeth 
Vessels,  a  native  of  the  same  State.  Some  time 
after  their  inarriago  tliey  removed  t  )  Missouri, 
in  1^12,  where  they  lived  Hm'  years,  and  then 
with    his    wife,   f(jur    sons    and   a    daughtei-  he 


ttlSroiiY    OF    OliKaON. 


I)U7 


crosHCil  tlic  pliiiiis  to  Ori'iroii.  The  nMrst  sou, 
Diiviil,  U118  ill  liis  hovetitt'cnfli  yoa,v,  iiiid  hiiiiiul 
L.  ill  hia  fourti'i'iith  yt'iir.  Tliciriiiuii;litui',  Hes- 
ter, (lieil  6i)(iM  iit'tiT  tlu'ir  iirriviil  in  tliiit  Stiitc. 
IJfiiry  W.  was  in  liiu  I'ii^litli  year,  ami  Wiiliiiin 
1).  was  (inly  six  months  (dd.  Tlii'y  lixcd  in 
Orejron  City  two  years,  and  then  selected  for 
their  donation  claim,  section  6,  township  ranf;e 
2  east,  jnst  three  and  onedialf  miles  east  of  the 
center  of  the  city  of  Portlaml.  There  were  then 
just  two  men  on  the  east  side,  .1.  1!.  Stevens 
and  the  llev.  Clinton  Kelly.  Tlieeity  of  i'ort- 
laiid  then  consisteil  of  one  frame  house  and  si.x 
log  cahiiis.  They,  followinir  the  e.\ainple  of  the 
others,  hiiilt  a  elieaj)  log  house,  cut  ii  road 
throuirli  the  forest  and  hegan  pioneer  lile.  Ui-. 
I'rettyman  had  practiced  medicine  five  years 
before  coming  to  Oregon,  and  he  continued  the 
practice  here  thirty-five  years,  going  to  the  sick 
on  horseback,  far  and  wide,  all  over  the  State, 
by  day  and  night,  treating  the  rich  and  the 
poor  alike. 

lie  was  born  March  2'J,  1790;  was  married 
December  25,  1825;  studied  in  I'altimorc, 
Maryland,  for  a  botanic  |)hysician  and  met  with 
remarkable  success  in  his  |iractice.  After  he 
had  lived  on  his  land  for  some  time,  and  the 
country  began  to  We  settled,  lie  said  to  his  sons; 
"  1  shall  live  to  see  this  land  worth  iSlOd  an  acr(^; 
you  will  live  to  see  it  worth  more."  Before  his 
death  it  had  become  worth  SiiOO  an  acre.  lie 
sold  some  of  it  otl  in  small  tracts,  divided  it  up 
between  his  sons,  and  now  the  taxable  valuation 
has  reached  sexeral  millions  of  dollars,  and  the 
laud  sells  for  from  $2,500  to  80,000  an  acre.  It 
lies  just  between  East  Portland  and  JtountTabor, 
and  is  all  luiilt  over  with  beautiful  residences. 
Dr.  Preltyman  died  in  1872,  and  his  wife  only 
survived  him  n  year,  lie  was  a  Ke|)ublicaii,  one 
of  Oregon's  most  reliable  and  worthy  pioneers. 

Henry  W.  I'rettyman  was  their  third  child, 
and  was  reared  on  the  farm  attending  the])ublk' 
schools.  lie  engagcil  in  the  nursery  Imsiness 
on  his  own  account,  in  a  small  way,  in  1872,  and 
made  it  the  vocation  of  his  life.  Kecently  he 
retired  from  active  busines>,  having  made  a  snug 
Utile  fortune.  During  the  time  he  was  in  the 
nursery  business  it  grew  into  a  large  enterprise. 
Wlien  he  retire<l  he  had  a  stock  of  over  200.000 
trees,  and  the  property  sold  for  a  large  amount 
besides. 

lie  has  built  a  beautiful  residence  on  an  emi- 
nence facing  the  city  of  Portland.  Itstandson 
the  laud  on   which   the  family  settled    in   18-tU. 


twenty  acres  of  this,  now  \cry  valuable  land, 
surriiiinds  the  house  for  groun(l>.  He  has  other 
houses  and  farms  in  Powell  valley. 

Mr.  Prettyiiiaii  married  Uacliel  D.  \andevert, 
in  18(18,  She  is  a  daughter  of  William  V'aude- 
vert,  and  was  a  native  of  Iowa.  They  came  to 
<  •legon  ill  1.S52,  across  the  plains. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Prettyman  are  members  of  tlit« 
Methiidist  Church,  and  lake  an  active  |iart  in 
the  (diuich  work.  Mr.  Preltyman  has  been 
very  successful  in  all  his  nndeitakings,  and  he 
and  his  wife  are  highly  esteemed  in  llie  coiinlry 
ill  which  they  have  so' long  lived. 


-=»« 


>■••*>- 


f.\,\lP:S  T.  WISDOM,  a  piomineiit  resident 
of  liaker  (,'ity,  Oregon,  is  the  subject  to 
whom  we  call  attention.  He  was  born  in 
Uandol|ih  county,  Missouri,  November  22.  l'^ll. 
His  parents  moved  to  Trenton,  (irundv  county, 
Missouri,  when  James  was  small,  and  thus  he 
became  a  student  in  the  schools  of  Trenton, 
and  from  there  entered  Edinlmrg  College  when 
he  was  but  eighteen  years  of  age,  thus  showing 
that  he  had  applied  liiniself,  and  was  of  (jiii<'k 
intelligence. 

After  leaving  school,  our  subject  began  to 
put  his  knowledge  to  practical  te.--t,  teaching  in 
liis  native  State  until  18(i;{,  when  his  parents 
moved  to  Oregon,  and  he  accompanied  them, 
joining  his  brother,  J.  W^.,  who  had  gone  there 
the  year  before.  (I'or  family  history  see  sketch 
of  .1.  W.  Wi.sdoin.)  .\fter  his  arrival  in  liaker 
county.  .lames  resumed  teaching,  continuing  for 
four  terms.  At  this  time  he  was  twenty-two 
years  of  age,  and  he  then  went  to  Portland  and 
entered  llu^  Imsiness  college  there,  from  which 
hegraduateil  in  1878.  From  there  he  went 
into  a  school  of  jiharmacy  in  Portland,  and  in 
18V0  entered  thedrug  business  with  his  brother, 
in  Maker  City,  continuing  until  1S82,  when  he 
changed  to  farming  and  stock-raising.  In  this 
be  has  been  eniineiitly  successful.  iiikI  now  has 
SdO  acre-  cd'  land.  100  in  one  tract,  eighty  in 
one,  320  in  the  other.  Ppon  this  land  he  has 
made  iniproviMneiits,  having  two  tenant  houses, 
and  is  now  crei'ting  a  large  barn  for  the  accun- 
modatioii  of  his  blooded  stock. 

Mr.  Wisdom  has  taken  great  jiride  and  pains 
in  securing  the  very  ber-t  sto<'k  of  both  horses 
and  cattle,  having  a  herd  of  Htk^  shorthorn  cat- 
tle, the  best  he  coiild  procure    from    Keiiliuky- 


M"t" 


DOS 


UlSTQltY    Oh'    OliEOON. 


hrci)  I'airiilii'ri.  Tlicy  iii'o  rcf^istciril,  as  are  alf^n 
his  l)loi)(li'(l  liiii'scs.  One  of  tlicM'  is  ('licsapcakf, 
till!  61111  of  Li'xiiifJtoii,  a  iiott'd  nice  liorse  of 
Kentucky.  Also  in  liis  ln-nl  may  Ijc  foiiml  soiiii- 
line  trotters. 

Mr.  Wisiloiri  has  done  credit  to  liis  name,  for 
lie  has  invested  in  eity  real  estate,  owning  two 
line  I)n.sines8  houses,  located  upon  Main  street, 
ill  1  laker  <'ity.  He  is  a  nieiiiher  of  the  A.  ( >. 
II.  W.,  and  of  the  Modern  Wooilinen  of  the 
World,  carrying  an  iiisiiriinee  of  SiJ,"OUin  these 
orders.  lie  was  elected  to  the  olliee  of  (lounty 
School  Superiiiteiideut  in  1872,  but  did  not  have 
the  time  to  attend  to  the  ottice,  (:onse([iieiitly 
did  not  (jiialify.  He  now  gives  all  of  his  time 
and  attention  to  his  stock  and  other  personal 
interests- -and  these  are  not  few,  as  he  has 
iroperty  all  over  the  city,  a  tine  resilience  where 
le  lives,  and  a  twenty-acre  tract  in  the  middle 
(if  the  city.  Also  he  is  interested  in  a  gold 
mine  which  he  has  every  assurance  will  prove 
one  of  the  best.  Two  tons  of  the  ([uartz  as- 
sayed S261,  and  development  work  is  being 
pushed  on  the  mine.  Mr.  Wisdom  is  a  Demo- 
crat. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  tcok  place  Jan- 
nary  ~8,  1892,  to  Mrs.  Lavina  Shinn,  the  widow 
of  the  late  James  H.  Shinn,  ex-Slieritf  and 
County  Judge  of  I'aker  county.  He  was 
elected  in  1874-,  serving  four  years  as  Sheriff, 
then  he  was  elected  to  the  ofiice  of  .ludge  and 
served  in  that  capacity  for  four  years.  Mrs. 
Wisdom  had  a  family  of  live  children,  as  fol- 
lows: Asa  (I.,  now  connected  with  the  tirin  of 
S.  1!.  McCord,  in  the  hardware  business  in 
Baker  ('ity;  Albert  E.  is  in  the  sea-mail  service 
from  New  York  to  Hrenien;  Robert  F.  is  in 
Idaho,  driving  stock  to  the  Hastern  markets;  and 
.lames  11.  is  at  home,  ten  years  of  age,  attend- 
ing school.  Mrs  Wisilom  is  the  dau<rhter  of 
John  Toiiey,  who  came  to  Oreiron  from  Illinois 
in  1804.  Sh(>  is  a  huly  of  many  amiable  char- 
acteristics. 


'H'^ 


fOlIN  I.VNCII,  a  Wjrthy  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1851,  and  a  prosperous  farmer  of  Vam 
Hill  eoiinty,  was  born  in  La  l'"ayette  eouiity, 
Missouri,  .lanuiiry  1,  18v!7.  His  father,  Elbert 
Lynch,  was  a  native  of  Tennessee  at  an  earl}' 
day,  where  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Janes, 
also  a  native  of  that  State.     Two  children  were 


liorii  there,  and  cio;lit  in  Missouri,  where  the 
father  died,  and,  in  18.");i,  the  mother  and  chil- 
dren crossed  the  plains  to  <  Iregoii,  locating  ill 
I'olk  eoiinty.  The  mother  remarried,  her  sec- 
ond hnsbaiiil  lieiiig  Mr.  John  l)ickey,  and  tiiey 
had  four  ehililren.  The  mother  coiitiniied  to 
reside  in  Polk  county  until  LX80,  when  her 
death  occurred.  She  was  a  woman  of  superior 
Intel lii^cnce  and  many  charms  of  person  and 
manner,  and  was  i^reatly  lamented  by  her  family 
and  friends. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  on  a 
farm  in  Missouri,  where  he  had  very  limited 
opportunities  for  acijiiiring  an  education.  When 
bnttwenty-one  years  of  age,  in  1848,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Eliza  N.  Sparks,  an  estimable  laily, 
and  a  native  of  North  ('arolina.  She  was  the 
daiifi;liter  of  Mathew  Sparks,  an  hoiioreil  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1851. 

Mr.  Lynch  and  his  wife  resided  in  .Missouri 
until  1S51,  when  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Ore- 
gon, traveling  overland,  with  a  wagon  and  four 
oxen,  six  cows,  provisions  and  a  gun.  They 
brought  bedding  and  a  few  cheap  articles,  and 
were  six  months  in  making  the  journey.  This, 
however,  proved  to  be  an  enjoyable  trij),  as  he 
recalls  it  now  with  great  pleasure.  H(>  was 
accompanied  by  his  wife  and  two  children, 
Sarah  Jane  and  Elizabeth,  but  both  of  the  latter 
have  since  died. 

He  located  in  Polk  county,  near  Sheridan,  on 
a  donation  claim  of  820  acres.  Here  they 
camped  until  the  log  house  was  raised,  when 
they  began  pioneer  life.  Hero  they  resided  for 
nine  years,  when  Mr.  Lynch  soKl  at  an  advan- 
taife,  and  bouiiht  a  farm  on  ^fill  creek,  where 
he  was  very  prosperous,  and  added  from  time 
to  time  to  his  property,  until  he  had  '.100  acres 
of  as  tine  agriciiltiiral  land  as  was  to  be  found 
in  the  country.  He  later  sold  this  for  a  valuable 
farm  on  the  city  line,  between  ^'am  Hill  and 
Polk  counties.  Here  he  built  a  tine  residence  and 
good  barns  and  otherwise  improveil  it,  also  culti- 
vating the  land,  and,  in  1881,  sold  it  very  ad- 
vantageously. He  then  removed  to  McMinii- 
ville,  in  order  that  his  children  might  have  the 
benclits  of  a  higher  education  at  the  college. 
Here  he  purchased  five  acres  of  good  agricultural 
land,  on  which  he  built  a  comfortable  residence, 
where  he  and  his  family  have  since  resided; 
I'esidcs  this  he  also  purchased  110  acres  within 
the  city  limits,  which  he  platted,  calling  it  the 
Cozine  .\dilition,  which  S(dd  readily  at  very 
remunerative  prices.     Since  then  he  has  erected 


U I. STOIC  y    OF    OHKGOX. 


!1«0 


a  niiiiilpfr  of  liiiil(li?iiij>.  pliiltcil  Bincriil  towns, 
ami  iimilo  iiiuiiy  iiiipniv  ciiionts.  He  is  a  most 
in(lii«tri()Us  iimii,  liinliiij^  if,  impoHsililo  Ut  "ktM^p 
still,"  and  is  working  at  Bonii^thiiig  constantly. 
All  Ills  vontiiirs  are  govcrnuil  hy  good  .jndj;- 
incnt,  and  lit*  liaa  ai'cuiniilated  a  handsome 
inpoini). 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lyncli  have  had  sixtci'ii  children, 
all  but  011(1  of  whom  livcij  to  maturity,  and  twelve 
siirxiving.  .lolin  Henry,  the  eldest,  reside:-  in 
(iraiide  Uoiide  valley  and  is  a  farmer;  William 
Westlev  is  a  fanner  in  Benton  county;  Alliert 
is  a  tanner,  and  resides  in  .Nestnck;  Hugh  Hlli 
son  is  a  fanner,  living  at  La  Grande;  Joseph  W. 
is  also  at  La  (tratide;  Isaac  is  a  fanner  at 
Wheatland;  Francis  Marion  is  a  dentist  in 
Washington;  .lereiniali  is  also  a  dentist;  and 
Lewcllen  is  now  in  college;  (icorge  I!.  Mc- 
Clellan  and  Mary  Lillie  Malinda.  They  have 
thirty  gran<lcliildren  and  three  great-grand- 
children. 

Mr.  and  ^[rs.  Lynch  have  lieeii  married  for 
forty-four  years,  and  Imve  heon  eminently  suo- 
cessfiil  in  life.  They  have  raiseil  a  nnmeroiis 
family,  none  of  whom  are  known  to  have  used 
whisky  or  toliaceo,  or  spoken  a  profane  word. 

Mr.  Lynch  has  always  been  a  Democrat  until 
recently,  when  his  strong  antipathy  to  the  li(|- 
uor  traffic  has  caused  liim  to  become  a  I'rolii- 
hitioiiist. 

He  and  nearly  all  of  the  members  of  his  large 
family  belong  to  the  Hajitist  Church,  to  the 
support  (jf  which  they  have  always  liberally 
contributed,  both  of  their  means  and  influence. 

I'poii  reflecting  on  such  a  life,  it  is  difficult 
to  tell  which  is  most  to  be  adiiiirod.  the  State, 
which  makes  such  ]irosperity  attainable,  or  the 
man,  who  itidustrionsly  cultivates  her  resources. 
Hoth  have  their  diits  and  both  arc  typically 
great,  as  a  careful  analysis  will  clearly  testify. 

fR.    RICHARD    SANDFORD,   physician 
and  druggi.-t,  Glencoe,  Washington  county, 
Oregon,    has    been    identifieil    with    this 
State  since  1852. 

Dr.  San<lford  was  born  in  London,  England, 
December  30,  1829,  son  of  .lames  and  Mary 
(AlexaiKler)  Sandford,  natives  of  England,  his 
father  being  descended  from  o'd  En<rli>li  ances- 
try, and  liis  mother  from  Scot'di.  'I'liey  had  a 
family  of   nine  children,  three  of  whom  are  liv- 


ing. The  Doctor  was  educated  in  his  native 
land  and  graduated  at  the  London  hospital  in 
IHiS.  In  181!l  he  saileil  for  .\uierica,  as  sur- 
geon on  a  M'ssel  bound  for  New  ( )rleaiis,  and 
ujion  his  arrive'  in  the  llnitcMJ  States  locatecl  at 
I'eoria,  Illinois,  where  he  practiced  until  1852, 
That  year  he  crossed  tlie  plains  to  ( )regon,  mak- 
ing the  joiirnoy  with  an  ox  ti'ain,  and  afti'r  his 
arrival  here  located  in  Multtnunah  ciiunly,  six 
miles  north  of  I'orllaiid.  In  1S73  he  W(!iit  to 
California,  ])raeticed  three  years  in  Colusa 
county,  ancl  then  returned  to  Portland,  where 
he  remaineil  until  the  following  .lurie.  After 
this  he  practiced  u  year  in  Silverton,  Marion 
county,  ill  1878,  moved  to  Molalla,  and  seven 
years  later,  in  October,  18X5,  moved  to  (Jlencoe, 
where  he  has  since  residcMl.  Hero  he  purchased 
property  and  built  a  good  residence  and  drug 
store,  both  in  the  Siime  yard.  II(>  has  the  pio- 
neer drug  >tore  of  the  town  and  is  also  doing  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice. 

November  21,  1878,  Dr.  Sandford  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Alice  Maria  Hagby,  a  na- 
tive of  Clackamas  county,  Orej^on,  born  Decem- 
ber 21,  18(;i,  daughter' of  William  R.  Hagby. 
It  may  here  be  stated  that  the  Doctor  ci'osee(l 
the  plains  in  company  with  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jiagby.  They  have  three  childieii:  Mary  -Mice, 
Eugenia  Eliza,  and  .lames  Richard,  all  at  homo 
and  attenilinif  school.  Airs.  Samlford  is  n  rcttis. 
tered  pharmacist  and  attends  to  the  drug  store 
in  the  absence  of  the  Doctor.  I'oth  are  mem- 
b(n's  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of 
which  he  is  a  Trustee,  'i  he  Doctor  is  also  a 
member  of  the  K.  of  P. 

During  the  Yakinin  war  Dr.  Sand  Ion  1  went 
to  the  front  with  the  rest  of  the  brave  pioneers 
and  Served  a-  Assistant  Surgeon.  They  eiuiurecl 
many  hardships  and  j)rivations  and  at  times  had 
nothing  to  eat  pave  horse  and  mule  flesh.  Ho 
has  practiced  medicine  foi'  forty  four  years,  and 
during  this  time  has,  both  professionally  ami 
otherwise,  made  many  warm  friends.  Few 
men  in  this  vicinity  are  held  in  higher  esteem 
than  he. 


-^ 


>••»=- 


fON.  JAAIES  M.  RARTLOW,  an  honored 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1850,  now  residing  at 
Hillr-borongb,  was  born  in  Virginia,  AjU'il 
11,  1821.  a  son  of  \Mrginia  parents.  I'llijiih 
I'artlow,  his  father,  was  u  sohlier  iu  the   war  uf 


Ill 


070 


ItrsTORY    Olf    OREOON. 


[>        I 


isr,'.  hikI  Nancy  T.  (White)  I'nrtlow,  liis 
iiiotlitT,  WHS  H  (liiiif^litur  of  Coloiii'l  William 
Wliitti,  will)  BiM'N'eil  us  li  coliiiicl  ill  tlio  liCXolll- 
tjiiimry  war.  Sonic  lime  ul'tur  thcii'  iiiai'riiigc, 
his  jiarcuta  mii\ci|  In  'rciiiic»cc,  aii<l  iiitcr  wciil 
from  tlici'c  to  Ti'xas.  In  tlio  latlor  Stiitii  they 
Rt)cnt  Ihc  rest  III'  thoir  livos,  ami  ilic(|,  \\w  fa- 
tiior  at  thca;,'c  of  sixty- live  years,  anil  I  he  mother 
in  her  iiflielh  year.  ()!' their  family  of  eii^ht 
ciiildron  only  two  siirv  i\e,  Mrs.  I'arlow  ami  the 
Hilliject  of  this  BJxctch.  The  latter  was  cdneatcil 
in  his  native  State,  and  resided  with  liis  parents 
until   their  death. 

In  18i7  Mr.  I'artlow  enlisted  to  serve   in  the 
Mexican    war,    under    (."oionel    Sterling,'    I'riee, 
and  was  all  throii<;h  thai  war.      lie  participated 
in  the  eampaij^n  on  the  Uio  <  irande.  was  in  sev- 
eral  hard-l'oiiuht  battles,  and  made  some  liair- 
lireadth   escapes.     The   fiercest  contest  was  the 
battle  of  Taiise,  ill  which  ('oin|)any  K,  to  which 
.Mr.    I'artlow  liclonired,    lost  oiie-ei;,ditli  of  its 
men.     On    one  occasion   he,  with    nine  others, 
was  detailed  to  take  care  of  a  iiiiinbei  of  horses 
of  the    company    in  the   monntains,  and    while 
there   they   learned    that   the    .Mexican    Rangers 
were  coming  to  attack  them.     Our  yoiiiifj;  friend 
and  his  party  know  if  they  were  taken  it  would 
lie  sure  death.     He  was  chosen  eoniinander  of 
their  number  and  undertook  to  lead  them  from 
the  mountains  to  the  American  army.     On  the 
way  ihcy  had  to  ffo  down  a  steep  mountain  side 
that    was   covered    with   snow,  on    which    the 
horses   were    unable    to   retain    their    footinif. 
lie  ordered  the  men  to    take  the    I  ridles    off, 
leave  the  saddles  on.  and  dri\o    the  horses  out 
on  the  slanting  inonntain  side.     The  horses,  as 
soon  ns  they   reached   a  place   where  the    slant 
became  abrupt,  fell  and  on  their  sides  went  slid- 
ing down  the  mountain,  at  tlii^  foot  of  which  they 
were  caught  and  re-nKiiinted.      Reaching  a  Me.x- 
ican  town  further  on.  thev  demanded  food,  but 
were  denied  it.     The    order  was   given  to    cock 
and  trail  arms,  and   in    this  way   they    bravely 
rode    through     the  town.      Later,   they   iiad  to 
Bwiin   their   horses  across  the    Rio  (irande.  and 
at  midnight,  while  still  pressing  forward,  heard 
in     English    the  words  "Haiti     Advance    and 
give   the  countersign  I"  and  were  overjoved   to 
learn    they    had   reached    the   mitpost    of     the 
American    army.      During    this    journey    they 
sulisisted  on  a  small  allowance  of  jiarched  corn. 
.\t   the  close  of    the  war  Mr.  I'artlow  was  hon- 
nrablv  discharged  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 

In  1850  the  subject  of  our  sketch  hitched  up 


two   yoke  of  cows,  and  in  company   with   Mr. 
ilames    Austin,  crossed    the  plains  lo  Oregon, 
Wlieii  they  reached  the  (Cascade  mouiitaiiiH  they 
found   HH)  emigrants,    men,  women    and  chil- 
dren,   whose    Journev    had   been    impeded     liy 
mountain  snows.      Mr.  I'artlow  and  his  partner 
|iii88ed     them,  made    their  way   on   to  Oregon, 
there  loaded  |iack  animals   with  provisions   and 
with  volunteers   from  Oregon    returned  to  ren- 
der th(<  emigrants   asBistance.     After  their  ar- 
rival  111    the   valley,  Mr.   I'artlow's   pockethook 
contained  just  30  cents.     In   Oregon   City  he 
met     and   becaine    aciiiiaiiited    with   .Mr.  .lohii 
Rogers,    at     whose    home    ho    r(<mained     two 
months.     In  the  sjiring  he  went  to  Vreka,  (-al- 
ifornia,  where,  in  partnership  with  his  lirother- 
in-law,  .liidge   Wliite,  he  engaged  in    mining, 
which     enterprise     proved    a    successful     one. 
J)uring  his  mining  experience  the  largest  piece 
of  golil  he  found  was  about  the  size  of  a  turkey 
egg.      Previous   to   his  ccniiing   West,  Captain 
I'artlow  had  had  Bome  experience  in  boating  on 
the    .Missouri    river,  and   while   he   was   in    the 
mines,    Cajitain     i'razell,  the    great    steamboat 
man  of  that  day,  wrote  him  to  come  to   <  )regon 
("ity  and  run  the  Oregon.     This  he  did.  After 
running  this    vessel  some  time    he   took  com- 
mand of  the  (iazello,  and  later,  was  engaged   in 
stcaii'boating  east  of  the  mountains,  on  the  Co- 
lumbia and  Snake  rivers.     After    a  most  Biic- 
cessfiil  career  as  a  steamboat  captain,  he  turned 
his  attention  to  investments   in  lanil,  in    which 
he   also   met  with  marked  success.      Realizing 
the    fact   that    Vancouver,   Uritish    Columbia, 
was  bound  to  grow,  he  obtained   letters  of  rec- 
ommendation from  Ladd  &  Tilton,  of  Portland, 
and  First  National  Bank  of  East  Portland,  went 
to  Vancmiver  and  made  purchases  of  real  estate, 
the  recent  increased  values  of    which  jirove  the 
wisdom  of  his  foresight.     The  Captain  now  has 
large  real-estate  holdings  in  Portland  and  vari- 
ous  other    jilaccs    on   the    Pacific   coast.      II is 
home  is  one  of  the  jircttiest  little  cottages  in  the 
city  of  Hillsborough,  and  in  it,  retired  from  ac- 
tive business,  ho  is  spending  the  evening  of  his 
useful   life. 

On  the  5th  of  November,  1871.  Captain 
I'artlow  was  married  to  Airs.  Louisa  Barrett,  of 
East  Portland,  widow  of  riohn  Harrctt.  The 
Captain  and  Mrs.  Purtlow  have  one  son.  James 
William. 

Captain  Partlow  has  been  a  lifelong  Demo- 
crat, l)nt  is  now  independent  in  his  political 
views.     In   Jannary,   IST'l,   he    was  elected  a 


lllsTdltY    (IF    OltKdOy. 


on 


iiiciiilicv  of  tlic  <  troj^iiii  Stiilc  Lcf^iHliitiiic,  riiilii 
Wiisliiiii^'toii  cuiinty.  iiiiil  while  in  llic  l.c^islii- 
till'O  lie  dci'vuil  tilt'  intiM'cstH  ol'  liin  (■l)Il^titll 
ontit  to  tlu<  l)(!Ht  ul'  liirt  iiliility  aii<l  in  ii  iiiiiniici' 
that  rutlcctecl  crudit  on  liiiiiHi'lf.  lie  in  ii  ijooil 
re[)r»'Beiitiifi\o  Ofi'j^oii  |>i((iici'r  of  1H5().  Long 
iiiiiv  l>c  continiiu  to  onjoy  llfii  in  tiiu  IStiitu  of 
liiii  clioice  iinil  adoption. 

f\V.  r,l!Ii;i)\VKi,l„  u  widfly  aii.l  favor 
aMy  known  Orci^on  |iioncc'r  of  IHoS,  and 
*  an  intelligent  and  pro;;iOBsi\'e  farmer  and 
Imsiness  man  of  Vam  ilill  coiuity,  wan  horn  in 
I.awrenee  county,  Indiana.  Fehrnary  17,  18)5:2. 
His  father,  (ieorge  I!,  liriedwell,  was  horn  in 
Slielhy  county,  Kentucky,  a;id  was  of  (irrman 
descent,  iiis  ancestors  haviiin;  emigrated  from 
tlu>  Fatherland  to  America  ])reviou8  to  tlie 
IJevolution,  some  inemhers  of  which  dis- 
tiiiiiuished  themselves  in  that  memorahle  strug- 
gle for  indc|ieudence.  lie  married  Miss  Sarah 
Maize,  a  luitive  of  Alabama,  and  of  English  an- 
cestry. They  had  nine  children,  seven  sons  and 
two  dantihters,  all  hut  one  now  li\ini;.  In 
IS-lo  the  family  removed  to  Iowa,  then  the 
extreiiK!  frontier,  where  they  resided  at  the 
time  of  th(>  father's  death  in  180II.  He  was 
universally  esteemed  for  hi.s  many  sterling 
i]nalities  of  mind  and  heart,  and  left  nuiny 
friends  to  mourn  his  loss. 

The  sul)jcct  of  our  skctcli  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm  in  Iowa,  and  attended  the  di>trict 
school  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home.  When  not 
([uite  twenty  years  of  age,  on  ( »etoher  l:i,  1851, 
lie  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Ivlmonston,  a  na- 
tive of  Adams  county,  Illinois,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing spring  started  with  his  hride  across  the 
[ilains  to  Oregon,  lie  started  with  five  yoke  of 
oxen,  three  cows  and  a  yearling  heifer,  all  of 
which,  except  one  yoke  of  oxen  and  the  heifer, 
gave  out  and  <lied  on  the  journey,  and  they 
were  ohliged  to  lighten  the  load  by  throwing 
away  their  liooks  and  other  weighty  artiides, 
whiidi  they  highly  ])rized.  Added  to  this,  iMrs. 
Briedw^ll  had  luonntain  fever,  and  the  situa- 
tion was  most  diu'k  and  discouraging,  and  could 
they  have  been  jilaced  back  in  their  Eastern 
home,  they  would  not  lia\'e  undertaken  bucIi  a 
disastrous  Jouriiev.  There  was,  however,  but 
one  alternative,  which  was  to  push  forward, 
which  they  did  with  all  possible  haste. 


On  aiiiving  at  Salmon  Falls  their  only  ineanr 
of  crossing  was  tocoii\ert  the  wagon  boxes  inln 
boats,  \vlii(di  they  diil,  and  the  one  in  which 
they  had  most  of  their  provisions  sank  and  they 
lost  its  contents,  and  w(<re  obliged  to  buy  sugar, 
coffee  and  lloiir,  for  which  they  paid  from  six 
bits  to  gll  a  pound.  However,' through  it  all 
they  arrived  in  I'ortland,  where  they  wintered. 
.Mr.  Itriedui'll  did  some  teaming  and  also  pur 
chased  some  wheat  in  the  Tnalitit;  valley, 
which  he  had  coiivert(«d  '.'!*o  lloiir,  which  he 
sold,  and  in  this  way  nian;:ged  to  live  ami  accu- 
mulate a  little  money. 

In  the  following  spring  he  took  a  claim  of 
3'-20  acres,  locating  near  Wheat laml.  in  ^  am 
Hill  county,  on  which  hi>  built  a  idieap  house, 
in  which  he  and  his  wi^e  resided  for  live  years. 
At  the  end  of  this  tiine  he  sold  the  land  advan- 
tageously to  Mr.  ,losc|ih  Watt,  and  purcliasi'il 
the  |ilace  on  whiidi  he  has  since  resided,  which 
is  situateil  one  mile  west  of  Amity,  lleiirst 
purchased  100  acres  on  which  there  was  a 
small  house,  five  acres  of  the  land  iieing  fcnceil. 
Here  he  and  his  family  resided,  and  by  steady 
industry  he  contiiiueil  to  prosper,  adding  from 
time  to  time  to  his  original  pureha-e,  until  ho 
now  owiis  4li()  acres  of  some  of  the  clioictist 
agricultural  lands  in  \'\\\\i  Hill  county. 

In  1881  he  erected  a  large  wandiouse  on  his 
pro|)erty,  through  which  the  railroad  runs,  and 
soon  became  an  extensive  di^aler  in  grain,  hand- 
ling annually  lOO.OOO  bushels.  This  enterprise 
has  com|ileted  his  pi'osjierify,  which  was  already 
very  substantial. 

NIr.  and  Mrs.  Hriedwell  have  seven  children, 
most  of  whom  live  in  the  vicinity.  Margaret, 
the  eldest,  is  tin;  wife  of. lames  .McCarly,  and 
resides  in  Washington;  Mary  Ann  is  the  wife 
of  K.  Kimman,  and  lives  in  ,\mity:  Minnie  V. 
married  II.  Hidmes,  and  they  live  on  the  homo 
farm;  G.  W.  is  managing  the  warehouse,  aiul 
was  County  Clerk  tor  four  years;  .lohn  W.  is 
a  prominent  merchant  id'  .Vinity;  an<l  Edward 
is  in  the  hardware  imsiness  in  .NIcMiniiville. 

On  April  ;J8,  ls8'.t,  Mrs,  Hriedwell  died, 
leaving  her  family  and  frii'uds  to  mourn  liei- 
loss.  She  had  been  a  faithful  wife  for  thirty- 
eight  years,  and  was  a  devoted  mother  and  syni- 
|iatlietic  friend,  and  was  wiilely  esteeine(l  for  her 
manv  ("hristian  virtues  and  loving  heart.  Her 
loss  is  especially  severe  on  her  devoted  husband. 
to  whom  she  was  a  helpmate  in  the  trnc-t  sen-c 
of  the  Word,  contribntinn;  in  no  -uiall  degree  to 
his  prosperity. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER, NY.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


'^^ 


iA 


1)72 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


: 


Pd'itically  Mr.  Hricfhvell  is  ii  Duiiiorrat,  but 
liiis  never  taken  any  vei'v  f^reat  interest  in  poli- 
tier-  otliei'  than  ilesii'inif  tiie  eieetiun  of  lionor- 
alpje  men  tn  ipttice,  ]>i-cfei'i'inir  i-atlier  to  i^ive  liii* 
atliMition  to  lii>  private  ailuirH.  He  is  a  I'ast 
Mat-tei-  Woi'ixnian  of  the  A.  ( ).  U.  W.,  and  is  a 
Worthy  nienilier  of  the  Christian  C'luirch,  to  tlie 
sn|i|)ort  of  liotli  of  wliieii  lio  coiitrihutcs  liher- 
HJiy  cf  hi>  means. 

TIiUB  is  merit  rewarded  hy  prosj)erity  and  the 
eontidence  and  e.steeni  of  all  lionuraMc  men. 


jICIlAKL  UKOWN  was  a  pioneer  of 
IHoO  to  the  I'acitic  coast,  liorn  in  Lanjx- 
foril  county.  Irt'land,  March,  18:i7.  I'p 
to  ills  eighteenth  year  lie  lived  with  his  parents, 
ami  then  emifri-ated  to  the  Tnited  States  hy  tlie 
pailiiifT  Vessel,  Mary  Ann,  which  arrived  in  Bos- 
ton in  the  fall  <  f  1845.  Michael  then  found 
occupation  in  the  woolen  mills  of  Massachu- 
setts until  the  Mexican  war  of  184fi;  he  went 
to  New  York  and  enlisted,  hut  because  of  beinj^ 
under  uj;u  he  was  rejected,  ami  after  anotlier 
attempt  at  AVest  I'oint  he  settled  down  to  work 
at  Cold  Spi'ings  for  a  few  months  and  then 
went  to  New  Orleans,  and  was  there  engapjed 
on  river  steamboats  until  October  14,  1849, 
when  he  boarded  the  steamer  Falcon  and  started 
for  California.  In  J'anama  he  was  detained 
three  months,  when  lie  found  employment  upon 
the  Enirlish  sailing  vessel,  Circassian,  engaj/ed 
as  a  ])a88enc;er  boat.  an<l  landed  safely  in  San 
Francisco  February  14,  1850,  with  but  50  cents 
in  his  pocket. 

He  raised  a  little  "stake"  by  laJKii-ing  in  that 
town  for  a  few  weeks,  and  then  started  for 
Trinity  mines  by  the  bark  Galena  to  Trinidad 
bay,  and  then  on  foot  to  the  mines,  rei]uii'inf!f 
fourteen  days  of  liard  'ravel,  with  many  danc^crs 
from  the  Indians,  and  subsisting  chiefly  on  mus- 
sels and  dried  salmon,  with  tlour  at  $i  ner 
pound  and  salt  at  ifil  wcr  onnce.  With  averaire 
success  he  continued  mining  until  1853,  and 
then  eidisted  in  Ca|)tain  (toodal'sCom|)any  for 
the  l^ogue  ri\er  wp.r.  The  contest  was  a  very 
severe  o:>h  and  !;.sted  several  weeks,  our  subject 
acting  as  Corporal  of  a  scouting  party,  which 
wa.--  enveloped  by  many  (langers  and  marvelous 
escapes,  but  was  not  seriously  injureil. 

Jn  18."i('p  he  visited  New  Orleans  and  was 
iimrried  to  Catherine  Sexton  March  1, 1857,  ami 


together  they  returned  to  Indian  Creek,  Sis- 
kiyou county,  California,  and  established  a 
small  bakery,  and  continued  mining,  but 
through  the  erection  of  a  stamp  mill  he  lost 
everything.  Following  this  character  of  occu- 
pation through  mining  districts  of  northern 
California  ami  southern  Oregon  an<l  I(hiho,  until 
about  18()8,  he  then  canie  to  I'ortland  and 
bonglit  j)roperty  on  the  corner  of  F  and  Fifth 
streets,  which  he  subsequently  improved  in 
small  cottages.  Since  that  time  he  ha.s  been 
chiefly  engaged  in  steamboat  and  railroad 
work  as  a  steward  and  in  charge  of  restaurants. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brown  have  six  children; 
(ieorge,  Mary,  Celia,  Mamie  M.;  Catherine, 
wife  of  Alexander  Diiar,  of  East  I'ortland; 
and  James.  The  family  reside  at  89  F  street, 
where,  with  residences  adjoining,  Mr.  Brown 
owns  a  subsiantial  property.  He  has  retired 
from  active  life,  aiu]  after  the  many  hard- 
shijis  and  trials  he  is  passing  his  declining 
years  in  peace  and  contentment. 


-:*»< 


><•»=- 


fEORGK  W.  BORMAN,  one  of  the  leading 
and  most  influential  citizens  of  Baker  City, 
was  born  in  Kansas  City,  Missouri.  Feb- 
ruary 22,  iStiO.  His  father,  K.  T.  Borman,  re- 
moved to  California  when  our  subject  was  only 
two  yeai-8  old.  The  former  was  a  native  of 
Saxony,  Germany,  where  he  marriecl  Miss  Wil- 
helma  Turopc.  in  1847,  and  came  to  America 
the  following  year.-  He  settled  in  Portland, 
Maine,  from  which  place  he  removed  to  Boston, 
thence  to  Chicago,  thence  to  Kansas  City,  and 
ill  1862  made  his  way  to  California,  as  before 
stated.  Here  ho  engaged  in  the  nnmufacture  of 
boots  and  shoes,  which  he  disposed  of  at  whole- 
sale. Mr.  Borman  located  at  lied  Bluffs  until 
1874,  when  he  removed  to  Baker  county,  Ore- 
gon, where  he  still  remains.  His  wife  died  in 
Oregon,  in  187ti,  aged  forty-se\en. 

At  the  time  of  the  death  of  his  mother  our 
subject  was  only  fourteen  years  of  ago.  Heat- 
tended  the  public  schools  of  California  and  Ore- 
gon, and  the  learning  imparted  to  him  at  these 
institutions  was  all  the  schooling  received  by 
him.  Mr.  Borman  has  been  engaged  in  mining 
all  his  life,  some  times  on  his  own  account,  again 
serving  as  foreman  of  some  of  the  largest  mines 
in  Baker  county.  He  is  interested  in  some  of 
the   well  paying  placer  mines  of  Baker  county, 


18- 

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'  r; '.  y^./v  jV.'.i?.**-""'' 


C^^CtJ^Ay^^^   "S/t-^^T^tr^  ^^H£€^t^ 


I, 


ami  givuB  liirt  piitin-  ulreotioti  to  them.  Hf  iu" 
worked  liiiii8c)f  up  fn-iv  ii  pimr  boy  until  liciio". 
lays  diiiin  to  h  ponsiilcijtip')*'  Hinnmit  of  pi-o|n'it) 
atnoiig  wliich  i«  h  iiicf  reMuli'nfx-  in  linker  I'itj-, 
wlifio  lie,  his  wifo  unci  Coiir  children  iivo  ii! 
eoiisiileral)!!'  style. 

Mr.  i'oitiiHii  wan  lunrrieM  to  Mihr  Miigirie  1{. 
Ivcii,  liorii  April  It*.  1H57,  in  JnHer-nii  iM)iint>. 
Iowa,  anil  lanio  to  (Jroj^.m  with  her  [•  irontB.  Sh'- 
18  the  daiiifhter  of  Joseph  M.  Uea,  onfoCfhel»i^";i 
lan<l  owners  in  Baker  county,  wheru  !io  eni^'ji^'*-: 
in  farniing  two  ii.ilosotit  of  HhIv*  r  l^ity.  I'lir 
chililren  ^rnco  the  limiie  of  Mr  .tiid  .Mr*.  Ik^r- 
limn,  namely:  Hdwurd  It.,  (  )nr%  V'.,  tW:n.;."  C 
and  Tl.oinu..  L.  Mr.  N  i;,.^i:  i-  the  tliini  lUiifl 
and  yoniijrefit  of  hi«  !x-'.  ^  fauiily.  The  othor 
two  inenitt'i*  am.  «  iiir4  A.,  inarrii'd,  and  Fvi 
ward  W.,  now  (!♦.■'*« *»«^J. 

Ill  l'<88  hn  wat.  (Hlacted  Amenmn  of  Haker 
eonnty,  tiiid  in  l^^yO  was  elected  liee.order  of 
Conveyaiu'ei*  ot  his  county,  which  |io.>iti'in  he 
still  h(  Ilk,  iilthcngli  iir  relii>ed  ilie  nomiimtioii 
for  a  Becuiid  term,  hit;  hu^iincs  aflWirn  U'in<^  <-i> 
nnnteroiiH  a*  Ut  'treveot  hij-te  ■  >     '    '  H«i  now 

dv>.  te.   mI-  biP   !»«.H»''tit;e  !  •  '■■^^.:::^ 

the  ofHco  in   Miv    clntY'. 

i^troian  is  a  inemtHir  ol  tl.,'  '.i..r..ip;.  ;,.;vni:  y 
lod^e  No.  47.  Baker  City,  and  of  Meadvitl*) 
Meadville  Lodije.  No.  <!!),  I.  (.).  ().  V,.  in  whieh 
order  he  has  tjiken  the  !iiglu'f.t  dejjroo  He  iiiw: 
filled  the  liijihe^t  otKc.cs  in  that  lodoe,  and  \t 
i\hi>  a  nicnil>er  of  the  Ancient  Order  nf  I'nited 
U'orkniiin.  In  politics  he  is  a  Ilepiiblican.  and 
few  men  enjoy  uiorc  nMpcc^  and  esteem  than 
doen  George  Jiornmii.  fhf  ^ohjwet  of  ihb*  sketch. 

PK.  CAJ.LA  I!.  (  IIAHLTON. -At  .1  n<|. 
rei^entativt;  of  the  medical  professioi,  in  tlie 
State  of  Oregon  this  lady  holds  a  hiffhly 
creditalile  jxiBition  !».■*  'epreseiiting  the  posmbti 
itieB  of  womunkind  in  tbf  higher  eallingn  of 
life,  and  success  in  (>v»Tcriiriing  difHciilties, 
he,'  career  is  even  more  not«wi»rr!iy,  and  a  liricf 
outline  eketch  of  her  life,  i^iving  iiome  of'the 
salient  fefiturcs,  tiecoineP,  theri/fore.  a  >aiinddc 
coiitriiintion  to  this  work,  devoted  to  the  hia- 
toiy  of  Oregon,  and  the  achipvcrnente  of  h<!r 
people. 

T)r.  C'liurlion  was  horn  in  Wiscoinm.  Itecem- 
ber  7,  1851,  Iut  parents  lieir.g    Valentino  niui 
Maria  (Hfeiiey)  Brown,     llor  father  was  a  na- 
si 


lin>'i.ti  Iv  . 

Portland    "■  ■        : 
lie  piin-hiiMHl  ■ 
tion    of  w!.  .i 
1S70. 

The  siibjeci  .■! 
'■atioii  in  I'ortitiii't 
omv.      In  1S70  -Iv 
Charlton,  hut  t«,.  ) 
With  a  little  dan..! 
without  ineariH.  her 
proiiiic^iiig  nt  thut  tur««. 
was  etjiml  l<>  the  '.HHiwi'.' 
then  *    putwr  th»  uhmIu 


ft73 

nfct,  and  of  Knglish  and  Welsh  an- 

-,'  th«r.  who  waa  of   Irish  deseoiit, 

•    ^    1  ivrk  Sliite.     Dr.  Charlton  is 

'  I  'I   of  their  nine  children. 

when  the  family  re- 

■  i,  and    was  reared  in 

:  :  r  settled,  and  where 

'  of  land,  on  a  por- 

until   his  death,  in 


h  received  her  edii- 
\t  St.  Mary's  Acad- 
rried  to  Mr.  .lames 
r  was  left  a  widow. 
ip[)ort  and  rear,  and 
seemed  indeed  iin- 
•  couraf^e,  however, 
nd  she  determined 
irofession.  To  ob- 
a  consiimination  of 


taiii  'he  fuiidn  neceioi.ir; 
her  plan,  shu  taught  ■school,  and  thus  tided  over 
the  time  until  her  udmipsion  to  practice.  In 
the  ip.eanlitiK  .'•<•  read  medicine  with  I3r.  C. 
II  Ualfcty,  .f  I'ortland.  anf!  at  the  earliest  op- 
tun't.v  boyan  <«lt.e>|■l■l^<•e  at  the  medical  de- 
Jni  versify.  There 
tidents,  and  indeed 
that    the   sex  had 


i.tiiiiittfil    '>f    WU 

wwtt  th*!    ;    > 

it  n**  <mi' 

ll«^?tl  lulteiU'  '  ■ 

ei'iiiiiiuting  Ti'i-'r 

and  the  i->/nr«c  of  htiids 


,  while  many  dis- 
placeil  u|i<Mi  them, 
licli  they  were  ad- 


mitted WHS  much  cirouniscrt'.  ed,  essential  feat- 
ures being  eliniiiPii'ed.  .\i/ainst  innidi  opposi- 
tion,  Mrt..  Charlton  led  the  contest  for  the  rights 
of  women,  which  proved  successful,  and  by  which 
she  won  the  lasting  esteem  nf  the  faculty  and 
niaiiapement,  ami-iij;  whom  nre  yet  mimbered 
«otue  uf  her  warmest  friends  .  her  genuine  earii- 


!  «»'^in'*»  111    ili(;  M>.'ircl»   n*'  !,-».    vledge  in  the  lino 

uuich  to  tlo  with 

r  success. 

3(1    in    1879,  and 

a  practitioner  ot 

ntli   an   office  in 

time,    however, 

ne  of  the  nioth- 

',  and    so  firmly 

id  with   the  mer- 

it«  i>i  Iriis  .-Rci!'  e  ttiiit  she  determiiUMl 

to  adopl  '■  i'  itiire  work      In  accordanco 

with  lhi»  rt'woluiioii  she   went   to  Chicago,  and 

thorf  attended  the  Hahiicmann  Medical  (,'ollego 

until  hei  gradriatiiiu,  in  l*:iOl),   after  which  sho 

was   appointed   first    pssistant  physician  in  tho 


«»'^in'*»    111    ili(;   M>.'ircb 

of  lioi  ohi.w'   p 

th'tt  (.'HI':-, 

for  the  foi!  J  t;ii,, 

the   old    sciiool   I'A;' 

Kast    Portland       D-wn^    . 

she  iiecJimr  ae<)m»i"1.-^l  urith 

ods  and  rvsuits 

an<l  favorably  •. 


/ 


,^  "..ff 


i 


C^/fi^Cc/^i--^^^y  ^.i^tf.'^t     & n^t4A!^irt<y 


UlsroHY    OF    OIlEOOy. 


073 


and  gives  his  entire  attciiti(>n  to  tlieiii.  lU'  lias 
Worked  liiinpi-lf  up  from  u  poor  lioy  until  ho  now 
lays  claim  to  a  considerable  amount  of  property, 
among  wliicli  is  a  nice  ronidence  in  i'aki^r  City, 
where  he,  his  wife  and  t'onr  children  live  in 
considerable  style. 

Mr.  liornian  was  married  to  Miss  Maiffrie  li. 
Ilea,  born  April  10,  1857,  in  Jetterson  county, 
Iowa,  and  came  to  Oregon  witli  her  parents.  She 
is  thedanghterof  Joseph  M.  Uea,oneof  the  largest 
land  owners  in  Baker  connty,  where  lio  engaires 
in  farming  two  miles  ont  of  Maker  City.  Fonr 
children  irrace  the  home  of  Jlr.  and  Mrs.  Her- 
man, namely:  Edward  It.,  Clara  V.,  Bessie  C. 
and  Thomas  L.  Mr.  Borman  is  the  third  child 
and  yonngest  of  his  father's  family.  The  other 
two  members  are:  Clara  A.,  married,  and  Ed- 
ward W.,  now  deceased. 

In  1IS88  he  was  elected  Assessor  of  Haker 
county,  and  in  1890  was  elected  Recorder  of 
Conveyances  of  his  county,  which  jiosition  he 
still  holds,  althongh  he  refused  the  ncjminatioii 
for  a  Second  term,  his  lineiness  affairs  being  so 
nninerons  as  to  jirevent  his  accepting.  lie  now 
devotes  all  his  attention  to  his  business,  leaving 
the  office  in  the  charge  of  his  depnty.  Mr. 
Borman  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
lodge  No.  +7,  Baker  City,  and  of  Meadvillo 
^^eadville  l.o<lge,  No.  (;!J,'l.  ().  ().  F.,  in  which 
order  he  has  taken  the  highest  degree.  lie  iias 
filled  th(*  highest  offices  in  that  lodge,  and  is 
also  a  meml)er  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  I'nited 
Woiknnm.  In  politics  he  is  a  liepnblican.  and 
few  men  enjoy  more  respect  and  esteem  than 
does  George  Borman,  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

■?|U.  CALLA  15.  CIIAULTON.— As  a  rep- 
11^  resentative  of  the  medical  profession  in  the 
%|^  .State  of  Oregon  this  lady  holds  a  highly 
creditable  position  as  representing  the  possibil- 
ities of  womankind  in  the  higher  callings  of 
life,  and  success  in  overcoming  difficnlties, 
he.'  career  is  even  more  noteworthy,  and  a  brief 
outline  sketch  of  her  life,  giving  some  of  the 
salient  features,  tiecomes,  therefore,  a  valuable 
contribution  to  this  work,  devoted  to  the  his- 
tory of  Oregon,  and  the  achievements  of  her 
people. 

Dr.  Charlton  was  born  in  Wisconsin,  Decem- 
ber 7,  1851,  her  parents  being   Valentine  and 
Maria  (Ileeney)  Brown,     ller  father  was  a  na- 
n 


tive  of  Vermont,  and  of  English  and  Widsh  an- 
cestry; her  inotlier,  who  was  of  Irish  descent, 
was  born  in  New  Vork  State.  Dr.  Charlton  is 
the  fo\irth  in  order  of  age  of  their  nine  children. 
.She  was  but  a  mere  child  wlien  the  family  re- 
moved to  Oregon,  in  1858,  and  was  reared  in 
Portlanil,  where  her  father  settled,  and  where 
he  purchased  several  blocks  of  land,  on  a  |)or- 
tion  of  which  ho  resided  until  his  death,  in 
1870. 

The  subject  of  this  Bket(;h  received  her  edu- 
cation in  Portland,  largely  at  St.  Mary's  Acad- 
emy. In  1870  she  was  married  to  \lr.  .lames 
Charlton,  but  two  years  later  was  left  a  widow. 
With  a  little  daughter  to  sup|)ort  and  rear,  and 
without  means,  her  future  seemed  indeed  un- 
promising at  that  time.  Iler  courage,  however, 
was  equal  to  the  occasion,  and  she  determined 
then  to  ent((r  the  medical  profession.  To  ob- 
tain the  funds  necessary  to  a  consuinnnition  of 
her  plan,  she  laught  school,  and  thus  tided  over 
the  time  until  her  admission  to  practice.  In 
the  meantime  she  read  medicine  with  Dr.  C. 
II.  Kaflety,  of  Portland,  and  at  the  earliest  op- 
portunity began  attendance  at  the  medical  de- 
partment of  Willamette  University.  There 
were  then  but  nine  women  students,  and  indeed 
it  was  only  the  second  year  that  the  sex  had 
been  admitted  to  the  college,  wliile  many  dis- 
criminating restrictions  were  placed  upon  them, 
and  the  course  of  study  to  which  they  were  ad- 
mitted was  much  circumscribed,  essential  feat- 
ures being  eliminated.  Against  much  opposi- 
tion, Mrs.  Charlton  led  the  contest  Cor  the  rights 
of  vvomen,  which  proved  successful,  and  by  which 
she  won  the  lasting  esteem  of  the  faculty  and 
management,  among  whom  are  yet  numbered 
some  of  her  warmest  friends;  lier  genuine  earn- 
eetncss  in  the  search  of  knowledge  in  tlx?  line 
of  her  chosen  profession  had  much  to  do  with 
this  feeliTig,  as  well  as  with  her  success. 

Mrs.  ('harlton  was  graduated  in  1879,  and 
for  the  following  six  years  was  a  practitioner  ot 
the  old  school  (Allopathy),  with  an  oflice  in 
East  Portland.  During  this  time,  however, 
she  became  acqnainted  with  some  of  the  meth- 
ods and  results  ot  homeopathy,  anil  so  tirndy 
and  favorably  was  she  impressed  with  the  mer- 
its of  this  school  of  jiractiee  that  she  determined 
to  adopt  it  for  her  future  work.  In  accordance) 
with  this  resol';tion  she  went  to  Chicago,  and 
there  attended  the  Tlalmeniann  Mcdicud  College 
until  her  graduation,  in  18fSt),  after  whi(di  she 
was   appointed   first    assistant  physician  in  tlm 


m  11 


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074 


BISTORT    OF   OREGON. 


li()K|iitiil,  uiiilcr  l)r.  I^ii'llaiii,  (>ii<>  of  tli(>  iihlcst 
nii<l  lirKt-knowii  iiii'diujil  iinK'titioncri)  iind  iiii- 
tliors  ol' till'  iluy.  Kt'turiiiiic^  to  I'ortliiiid  Dr. 
Clmrltoii  resiiiiicil  |priiutice  liero.aiul  licr  huccoss 
lias  won  for  lu'i'  tlm  highest  recognition  in  the 
profecKioii.  It  may  here  lie  Btalc<l  tliat  in  her 
practice  siie  Imib  shown  hcrKolt'  the  truo-lieartcd 
piiysiciiin,  who  rej^ards  the  proiussion  us  tiie 
noMcst  wall<  of  life,  its  mission  to  alleviate  the 
snlTerinij^K  of  mankind ;  and  whih^  licr  siiccesB 
from  H  nuiteria!  |)oint  of  view  lias  l)eon  f^reat, 
from  a  professional,  as  well  as  humane,  point  of 
view,  it  has  been  even  more  marked,  and  her 
work  for  tlu*  |>oor  has  hcon  unusual  in  its 
amount  and  etl'ectiveness. 

As  a  historieal  item  it  may  lie  said  in  this 
coi'.neetion  that  Dr.  Charlton  was  the  Hrst 
teacher  in  the  Ilolladay  addition  to  Portland,  the 
school  being  then  conducted  in  a  little  log 
cabin.  The  school  that  now  occupies  the  site 
is  the  North  Oentral,  one  of  the  largest  and  fin- 
est in   Portland. 

8he  is  an  active  member  of  the  Iloraeopath- 
ic  M(idical  Society  of  Oregon,  as  well  ns  the 
Multnomah  County  Society,  and  has  prepared 
valuable  papers  treating  upon  topics  of  interest 
to  the  |)rofo88ion. 

I'ersonally,  Dr.  Charlton  is  distinguished  by 
her  loyalty  to  her  profession  and  to  her  friends, 
and  by  the  (juiet  determination  which  has  won 
for  her  an  honorable  place  in  a  field  in  which 
she  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  her  sex. 

She  was  reared  an  Episcopalian,  and  has  al- 
ways remained  a  consistent  member  of  that 
church. 


Son.  JAMES  T.  HOAV DITCH,  counselor 
at  law,  and  ex-member  of  the  State  Legis- 
lature, was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Ver- 
mont, .Inly  12,  1852,  where  he  spent  the  first 
few  yciirs  of  his  childhood.  Ilis  parents  were 
Isaac  P.  and  Marian  (Tinker)  Howditch,  natives 
also  of  Vermont,  and  of  English  extraction.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  the  father 
joined  the  Federal  army,  and  was  an  officer  un- 
der (ieneral  Peck.  lie  lost  his  life  in  one  of 
the  sinall  engnjjenientt:  near  Norfolk,  April  11, 
lS(i2,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  Commissary  Departnient,  hold- 
ing the  rank  of  Major. 


.lames  T.,  the  youngest  of  two  chihlren, 
moved  with  his  motliei  to  Wabasha,  Minnesota, 
where  he  attended  the  pulilic  schools,  and  later 
entere<l  the  Trinity  ('olle)|eof  Ilartfonl,  Con- 
necticut, graduating  with  the  class  of  1873.  He 
then  became  a  law  student  in  the  ottice  of  (ien- 
eral Herry,  at  Winona,  Minnesota,  a  noted 
practitioner  of  that  State.  Mr.  Howditch  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1877,  three  years  later 
removed  to  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  and  in  1884, 
on  account  of  his  mother's  health,  he  located  at 
Ashland.  Since  taking  up  his  residence  in  this 
city  his  practice  lias  proved  prosperous,  and  he 
now  stands  at  the  head  of  the  legal  fraternity  of 
the  State.  Colonel  Howditch  has  served  two 
successive  terms  as  a  member  of  the  State  Leg- 
islature, from  1886  to  1889,  and  at  this  time  is 
a  member  of  the  Governor's  Staff,  holiling  the 
honorable  position  of  Judge  Advocate  (ieneral. 
He  has  been  City  Attorney  of  Ashland  several 
years.  As  a  stanch  and  steadfast  Democrat,  he 
has  been  of  much  service  to  his  party,  and  still 
takes  an  active  interest  in  political  matters.  So- 
cially he  affiliates  with  the  K.  of  P.,  and  was  a 
charter  muinber  and  organizer  of  Granity  Lodge, 
No.  23,  in  which  he  has  passed  all    the  chairs. 


JKVIN  D.  BOYEU,  secretary  of  the  Eagle 
fll  Woolen  Mill  at  Brown vi lie,  was  born  in 
^  Edinborough,  Erie  county,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1859.  His  father,  Neri  Boyer,  was  born  in 
Union  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  ancestors 
settled  in  1730,  direct  from  (terinany.  In 
childhood  Neri  moved  to  western  Pennsylvania, 
while  the  country  was  yet  a  wilderness  and  there 
in  early  manhood  learne<i  the  trade  of  stone- 
mason, which  he  followed  through  life.  Ho 
married  Mary  Mitchell  in  1840,  and  then  set- 
tled at  Edinbnrg,  where  he  has  continued  to 
reside,  engaged  in  contracting  anil  building. 

Irvin  D.  was  educated  at  Edinborough  and 
the  State  Normal  School  at  the  same  place.  He 
then  drifted  into  the  oil  district  about  Bradford, 
Pennsylvania,  and  worked  in  the  oil-works  and 
at  contracting  until  the  fall  of  1882,  when  he 
began  teaching  school  at  Salina,  and  continued 
teaching  in  Pennsylvania  until  188t).  He  then 
went  to  Dazey,  North  Dakota,  for  nine  months, 
and  from  there  went  direct  to  Brownsville, 
Oregon,  arriving  there  in  August,  1887,  and  the 
following  winter  he  taught  the  district  school  be-. 


JllSTOIir    OF    OUKdoS. 


m 


tween  HrownHville  iind  llalsey,  iind  in  1S8H  lie 
whb  appointed  principii!  of  tiic  jmbiic.  scliool  at 
Soiitli  HrowiiHvillc.  lie  wiis  one  of  the  original 
Htoi'klioldfrs  of  tlio  Eagle  Woolen  Millc.  and 
Boon  after  the  incorporation,  Ajiril,  1889,  lie  waj 
elected  secretary  of  the  company,  and  manager 
of  the  local  utore. 

He  married  at  Hrownsville,  in  Jnne,  1881), 
Mips  Ilattie  Lotiff,  of  Ponnsylvania,  a  daughter 
of  .1.  M.  l-ong,  and  an  old  nchoolmiite  of  his. 
Mr.  Long  came  to  Oregon  in  1880.  and  is  now 
engaged  in  farming  near  Hrownnville. 

Mr.  Moyer  is  a  meniher  of  the  I.  O.  O.  V. 
and  Encampment,  and  lie  resides  on  Main  street 
opposite  the  pnl)lic  school.  In  March,  18ttO.  he 
was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  {{rownsvillc 
ISiiilding  i\:  Loan  Association,  and  is  also  a  stock- 
holder and  assistant  cashier  of  the  liank  of 
iJrownsville.  lie  has  served  one  term  in  the 
City  Conncil,  is  a  member  of  the  School  Hoard, 
and  is  one  of  the  active,  progressive  yonng  men 
of  the  city. 

fAMES  II.  BROWN.— Three  miles  west  of 
the  town  of  Sheridan,  on  the  heautilul  Yam 
Hill  river,  resides  the  three  Brown  broth- 
ers, prosperous  farmers  and  Oregon  pioneers  of 
1850.  Each  has  a  good  home  and  tine  farm,  a 
portion  of  their  land  being  a  part  of  the  old 
homestead  wliich  their  honored  father,  James 
H.  Brown,  took  as  his  donation  claim  from  the 
Government  in  1850,  forty- two  years  ago.  On 
this  land  he  made  his  home  and  laboicd  and 
prospered  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  lie  was 
I)orn  in  Virginia  November  10,  17'.l(),  a  descend- 
ant of  (xernian  ancestors,  lie  removed  to  Illi- 
nois, and  was  there  married  to  Miss  Sophia 
llussey,  all  of  their  children  except  one  being 
born  in  that  State. 

Learning  of  the  rich  lands  to  be  obtained 
from  the  Government  and  desiring  a  milder 
climate,  with  his  wife  and  children,  Mr.  Brown 
started  March  15,  1850,  on  his  long  journey 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon.  Nancy,  their 
youngest,  wi'.s  then  only  two  weeks  old.  They 
had  two  covered  wagons,  six  yoke  of  oxen,  and  a 
light  wagon  and  a  span  of  horses,  and  made  the 
journey  in  safety.  The  only  serious  accident 
connected  Hitli  the  trip  was  James  getting  his 
legs  broken.  This  was  caused  by  his  falling 
from  the  wagon  and  a  wheel  running  over  him. 
lie  was  eight  years  old  at  that  time.      Erom  the 


I  Dalles  they  came  oe.  a  scow  to  I'ortliind,  being 
rowed  down  the  river  by  Inijiaiis,  and  having  u 
white  man  for  guide.  I'ortland  wa>  then  a 
small  place.  They  came  to  the  house  of  (Jrand- 
i  father  Nathan  llussey  (see  his  history  in  this 
I  Work),  spent  the  winter  with  him,  ami  in  the 
siiriiig  came  to  their  present  locality.  Mr. 
lirowii  and  his  faniily  began  their  Oregon  life 
in  a  little  frame  house.  lie  engaged  in  general 
farming  and  raised  horses,  cattle  and  sheep,  lie 
was  u  mail  of  good  judgment  and  ability,  and 
l»y  his  fellow-citizens  was  chosen  one  of  the 
Commissioners  of  his  county.  He  was  in  poli- 
tics a  strong  Kepiililican,  and  in  rcligiim  a 
worthy  member  of  the  Methodist  Chiireli.  As 
the  years  rolled  by  he  prospered,  and  in  time 
built  a  nice  residence  on  his  claim,  and  inado 
other  improvements.  He  died  .May  30,  IM75. 
in  the  seventy-ninth  year  of  his  age.  II is  good 
wife  still  lives,  is  now  seventy-nine  years  of  age, 
and  makes  her  home  withonoof  her  sons.  Their 
children  are  as  follows:  Mary  E.,  wife  of  K.  11. 
Lord,  resides  in  Salem;  Sarah,  wife  of  William 
Savage,  icsides  at  Sheridan;  Margaret  J.,  wiilow 
of  A.  McMiikan,  lives  at  Salem;  James  11.; 
Joseph  E.;  Nathan  A.;  and  Nancy,  wife  of 
William  Sleppy,  of  Sheridan. 

James  11.  Brown,  the  oldest  of  the  three 
brothers  above  referred  to,  was  born  in  Illinois 
June  14,  1842.  From  his  eighth  year  he  was 
reared  on  his  father'i*  donation  claim.  Novem- 
ber 30,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Kvalin  ^'ocom. 
They  have  eight  chiliiren,  viz. :  Wilber,  Minnie, 
Henry  11.,  Franklin,  Dudley  ().,  Altliea,  Mer- 
tlia  and  Lloyd;  and  an  infant,  who  ilied.  He 
built  June  JJD,  188t'),  a  good  residence,  and  to 
the  land  he  inherited  from  his  father's  estate  he 
has  added  by  purchase  until  he  is  now  th  j  owner 
of  800  acres. 

Jo8ej)h  E.  Brown  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1844, 
and  was  six  years  of  age  at  the  time  the  family 
came  to  Oregon.  When  he  was  eighteen  he  en- 
listed in  the  First  Oregon  Infantry  and  served 
during  the  war  on  the  frontier,  helping  to  keep 
the  Indians  in  check,  principally  in  Idaho.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  homo. 
October  11,  180(5,  he  married  Miss  Nancy  A. 
Metzker.  He  inherited  200  acres  of  his  father's 
donation  claim,  to  which  he  has  since  added, 
becoming  the  owner  of  400  acres.  He  built  tlio 
nice  home,  in  which  he  resides.  He  and  his 
wife  iiave  eleven  children,  whose  names  arc  as 
follows:  Eugene,  who  married  Etta  Tatoin,  and 
has  Oiie  child,  Isaac  Bay  ;  James  A.;  Edward; 


m 


nisToiir  Oh-  oHKdofi. 


(Iliiy;  Klfiiorii,  now  Mi'h.  I'Vaiik  Tutnui,  unci  Iihh 
(iiic  child,  <iiiy  I'^;  Dulii  Mary,  (liiiid,  .Jo^l;]^ll, 
•IdIiii  iiikI  Nuiicy  S.,  iiiiil  iiii  iiifani,  wliu  diuil 
iliiru!  14,  \W>K  Mr.  lirowii  ia  a  Itupubliuaii, 
Hiiil  a  iriuinbt'i'  uf  the  G.  A.  li. 

Natliaii  A.,  the  third  of  tho  brotherit,  wnH  born 
in  llliiioiM,  N'liveiiihur  18,  iH^H,  and  wan  two 
years  of  auc  when  ho  arrived  in  Orei^nn.  lie 
wan  reared  at  the  oiil  hoiiiCHtead,  and  attendetl 
Beliool  in  La  Kayette  and  in  Portland.  His 
portion  of  the  donation  claim  iu  that  on  which 
the  family  ruHidenco  is  situated,  lie  liii<  piir- 
ulia^ed  other  lands,  Ida  holdiii;(s  now  amounting 
to  500  acres.  Seiitemhor  2^,  1880,  he  wedded 
Miss  Alice  Kiiqiia.  Tiieir  four  ciiildien  are: 
Archie,  Lenora,  Data  and  an  infant.  He,  too,  is 
a  Kupiiblican,  and,  like  his  ijrothers,  is  a  suc- 
cessful farmer  and  highly  respected  citi/.en. 

fAMKS  AMU.MIAM,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nently respected  of  Oregon's  noble  pio- 
neers, u  |)rosperoU8  citizen  of  Portland,  and 
a  jj;enero\is  ])liilanthropist,  is,  we  reirret  to  say, 
not  an  American  by  birth,  for  we  would  gladly 
claim  all  that  is  great  and  ifood.  However,  he 
is  the  next  thing  to  it,  that  is,  a  native  of  the 
Isle  of  Wii^ht,  England,  where  he  was  born 
.Inly  ~"J,  1811. 

His  father  was  a  merchant  miller,  who.  by 
the  loss  of  several  vessels,  with  their  large  car- 
goes, was  tinanciftlly  ruined,  and,  in  18tii,  emi- 
t;rated  to  the  United  States,  intending  to  make 
H  now  start  in  life.  He  located  in  Ohio,  then 
a  new  and  undeveloped  country,  where  he  (en- 
gaged in  farming,  meeting  with  deserved  pros- 
perity. 

•lames  Abraham  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  attained  his  sixteenth  year,  when,  pos- 
sessing a  muscular  boily  and  iin  ambitious  mind, 
he  determined  to  be  self-sujiporting.  (Toing  to 
Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  he  was  variously  em- 
ployed until  niiu'teen  years  of  age,  when  he  en- 
gaged in  the  trade  of  carving  and  gilding,  in 
the  shop  of  John  J).  Morgan,  manufacturer  of 
frames  and  mirrors.  By  his  energy,  industry, 
and  adaptability,  he  nuide  rapid  and  etticient 
jirogress  in  his  new  business,  anil  in  a  few 
months  accjuired  the  skill  of  a  journeyman. 
He  then  went  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  as  fore- 
man of  a  shop  which  employeil  many  workmen 
who  were  botii  older  and  more  e.\perienced  than 


he,  the  ])ush  aMil  cnthiisiar'.m  of  Mr.  Abraham 
I  securing  for  him  the  position.  He  subnecpiently 
purchased  an  interest  in  another  company,  and 
gradually  built  up  a  handsome  business,  con- 
tinuing with  unabated  prosperity  until  1834, 
when  lie  returned  to  Ohio,  where  he  joined  his 
father  in  the  erection  of  a  sawmill,  whiidi  they 
operat<'il  together  for  twelve  years  To  this 
enterprise  Mr.  Abraham  devoted  much  labori- 
ous anil  earnest  work,  but  made  little  financial 
progress,  and,  accordingly,  in  184(1,  sold  out 
[lis  interest  and  returned  to  Louisville,  where 
he  resumed  his  old   trade. 

He  was  married  in  Johnson  county,  Indiana, 
August  1,  1841t,  to  Miss  Jane  St.  .lolin,  an  es- 
timable lady,  and  a  native  of  Ohio,  lie  then 
engaged  in  clearing  a  farm  from  timber,  and 
set  iMit  an  orchard,  but  beintf  too  ambitious  to 
wait  for  his  orchard  to  grow,  and  hearing  in 
the  meantime  most  glowing  accounts  of  the 
marvelous  opportunities  of  <  tregon,  he  started, 
in  the  s|)ring  of  1852,  with  an  invalid  wife  and 
one  child,  for  the  Kl  I)orado  of  the  West.  They 
came  all  the  way  across  the  desolate  plains  with 
an  ox  team,  which  slowly  and  laboriously  crept 
along. 

Arriving  in  Oregon  in  tho  fall  of  1H52,  he 
located  a  donation  claim  of  .320  acres,  near  East 
Portland,  on  which  he  built  a  small  shanty, 
and,  after  comfortably  installing  his  family  in 
their  new  quarters,  he  began  to  work  for  Meek 
ife  Luelling,  nurserymen,  with  whom  he  learned 
the  |)roeess  of  grafting  and  caring  for  trees. 
Subsequently,  Mr.  Abraham  engaged  in  the 
nursery  business  on  his  own  account,  making 
his  start  without  money,  by  picking  up  the  dis- 
carded I'oots  from  other  nurseries.  I'rom  this 
small  beginning  he  extended  his  interests  until 
he  succeeded  in  building  \\\>  an  extcnaive  and 
prolitable  trade. 

Accumulating  means,  he  engaged  in  the  pur- 
chase of  real  estate,  thus  becoming  the  proj)rie- 
tor  of  the  town  sites  of  Sunnyside  and  Mount 
Tabor,  in  both  of  which  localities  he  resided  for 
a  number  of  years.  In  1870  he  made  the  first 
effort  ever  ettected  toward  the  establishment  of 
a  town  at  Sunnyside,  which  consisted  in  his 
planting  trees  upon  Maj)le  avenue.  In  his 
real-estate  speculations,  he  has  been  a  wise  and 
successful  dealer;  foreseeing  the  future  great 
destiny  of  the  country,  he  adhered  closely  to  his 
convictions,  and  the  results  have  fully  verified 
his  fondest  hopes.  He  was  one  of  the  active 
promoters    of   the    Mount   Tabor  railroad,  for 


HlSTUIir    OH'    (iltfCdOX. 


Bit 


which  he,  by  liis  iisiinl  onovf/y  uml  |)i«r8t'vcriiiipi>, 
secured  vhIiiiiIiIc  riifhl-of-way  privilcj^eH. 

N[r.  Alinihniii  Imn  liceii  iiH  eiiriiijut  in  pruinot- 
iii^  piililic  hikI  ciiiirititliie  iiitiMVstH  ha  lie  hn»  in 
Hceiiriiig  his  own.  Tiiis  is  exeinjililiud  in  the 
cane  of  tiui  Portland  Methodist  llos|)itiil.  To 
this  inHfitution  iio  Bold  the  .niij^niticent  -itite  on 
whieh  it  is  hiiilt,  for  the  sum  'if  ijcJd.OOO;  hnt. 
wheii  it  became  enibarrnHBed  for  lack  of  funds 
to  i.iiniiiete  and  open  the  buildini^,  cancelled  the 
obliiration  of  its  trustees  for  the  entire  amount, 
thuH  making  hiii  donation  to  this  institution, 
^■^5,000,  Another  incident  in  point  is  that  of 
the  erection  of  the  Centenary  Methoilist  Episco- 
pal ('hurch  in  Kast  Portland.  (»n  the  coni- 
mencenient  of  this  edifice,  in  18U0,  Mr.  Abra- 
ham doinited  !S'2(),000,  to  which  large  sum  he 
added,  at  the  time  of  the  dedication  of  the  build- 
ing, in  ISJil,  S25,0()()  more;  thus  enabliiifr  its 
trustees  to  dedicate  it  free  of  debt,  a  thing 
which  could  not  possibly  have  been  done  without 
his  princely  giving. 

Mr.  Abraham  has  been  an  active  member  of 
the  ^[ethodi8t  Episcopal  ('hurch  since  ls5i}, 
and  much  of  the  time  has  held  important  olHcial 
relations  to  it.  lie  is  nov  one  of  the  Hoard  of 
Trustees  of  the  Centenary  (!hurch,  and  also  of 
the  Portland  Hospital. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Abrainim  had  one  child,  AVill- 
iam  .lay,  a  promising  youth,  but  who  died  in 
1864. 

Thus  is  briefly  given  the  most  important 
events  of  an  active  and  useful  life,  whose  efforts 
have  all  been  in  the  line  of  advancing  the  condi- 
tion of  his  fellow-men,  and  have  earned  the 
gratitude  of  thousands  of  this  and  coming  gen- 
erations. 


[OLOMOX  K.  BROWN,  who  enjoys  the 
distinction  of  having  been  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  the  now  populous  Willamette 
valley,  was  born  in  Clarke  county,  Ohio,  in 
1810.  Ilis  parents  were  AVilliam  and  Nettie 
Brown,  the  former  a  native  of  Irelend  and  the 
latter  of  Sonth  (Jarolii.a. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  eldest  of 
nine  children,  and  his  early  years  were  spent  in 
an  abundance  of  hard  work  on  a  Miami  county 
farm,  in  Ills  native  State,  on  which  he  toiled  in- 
cessantly in  the  summer  and  attended  the  public 
schools  in  the  winter. 

In  1847  he  and  his  family  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon,  consuming  si.\  montlis  and  seven- 


teen days  on  the  trin.  Arrivini;  at  thiMr  des- 
tination,  they  located  nn  a  claim  in  llenton 
ccmnty,  near  Monroe. 

In  Isl'J  .Mr.  lirown  left  his  I'iiuiily  on  the 
claim  and  went  to  (^alil'orniii,  where  he  located 
iiri  l''eiithcr  river,  and  enguj!;ed  in  i^mlcl  mining. 
lie  remained  only  four  months,  inccting  with 
i|uit(-  good  success,  and  returned  home  with  a 
fair  supply  of  the  precious  dust.  His  return 
trip  to  ( >re;;on  was  made  on  an  old  sailing  vcs 
sel,  and  occupied  seven  weeks.  Arriving;  at 
home,  lu>  purchased  another  ('laim  with  a  por- 
tion of  his  gold.  This  claim  he  owned  and  im- 
proved for  forty  years,  and  maile  of  it  one  of 
the  choicest  farms  in  the  connlry.  lie  has  re- 
sided in  Philomath,  Benton  county,  almost 
twenty  years,  and  owns  consiclerable  of  the 
most  valmible  town  property. 

Mr.  lirown  was  niarne(l,  in  IS:12,  to  a  highly 
estimable  lady  of  Ohio,  and  they  had  four  chil- 
dren. Their  married  life  was.  liowe\er.  des- 
tined to  but  short  duration,  for  after  a  few 
years,  the  devoted  wife  and  iiiothcr  died.  In 
1S1:{  Mr.  lirown  married  again,  his  second  wife 
being  Miss  Ann  IJoland,  by  which  marriage 
there  were  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are 
now  living.  .Vbont  twelve  years  ago  Mrs. 
Brown  died,  anil  in  Benton  county,  on  Novem- 
bor  14,  188(1,  he  was  marrieii  to  an  estiunible 
willow,  Mrs.  linlda  A.  l>avis. 

Mr.  Brown  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his 
State  anil  country. 

He  has  passed  his  eighty-second  birthday, 
but  looks  robust  and  hearty,  while  his  memory 
is  (.erfectly  clear  on  all  to|)ics,  his  convi-rsation 
being  re'idy  and  apt.  He  has  been  one  of  the 
stanchest  sup])orters  of  the  town,  which  interest 
has  never  flagj^ed  or  grown  cold.  He  is  greatly 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  him  as  an  honorable 
man  ami  worthy  citizen. 

P.  BUNNELL,  M.  I).,  of  ilosebnrg,  was 
born  in  New  Hampshire,  April  15, 
./N.  '  183ii.  a  son  of  (ieorge  W.  Hnnnell.  Our 
subject  was  educated  in  the  district  schools, 
and  in  1858  entered  the  Medical  College  of  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  where  he  graduated  in  18(i(). 
He  then  went  immediately  to  Wisconsin,  and 
in  1872  located  in  Bosebnrg,  where  he  has 
since  had  a  large  and  lucrative   pr.icfice.     Hi* 


. 


4 


ots 


lltHIVHr    Oh'   OHKOOS. 


Iicailtil'iil  p'siili'iicc  is  liiciili'il  nil  ( 'liiulwick  llliil 
iImcIx^om  Hti'(^«!lH,  iiikI  Ih  fiirrciiiiMlt'ii  liy  the  tiiicst 
liiwii  ill  tlui  city.  Mr.  iSiuiiu'll  ii-  a  iiiitiii'iii  iiic- 
ciiiiiiic,  hikI  III!  tliiMii'lii'lcrt  (if  riii'iiitiiru  iiri!  tli(! 
work  iif  liirt  IuiikIh,  and  rtrtinticailv  e()vt<r<itl  with 
K'li  hIioIIh.  Socially,  lie  is  a  Koval  Arch  Masnti, 
Hii  Odil  Fellow  uiKJ  a  Micinhci  of  the  A.  ( >.  V . 
W.  lie  wan  niii!  of  the  orif^iimtoiH  of  lloyal 
Arch  ('ha|>ter,  .NO.  II,  lioseliiir^,  of  which  liu 
is  now  the  Ili^h  I'riewt.  In  IHHI  he  wan  h|i- 
iioiiii'Ml  liy  the  (iiivtirnnieiit  ai*  K.\aiiiiiiin),r  Siir- 
ficoii  (if  the  IJiircaii  of  I'ensio'ii..  aii'l  has  Murvcd 
Hcvoriil  years  an  Kjidiiiiniiif;  Sur^eo,  foi  iiieiii- 
li((rship  i:i  the  lui|>;u. 

Mr.  |{iiii!<ell  was  iiiiiteil  in  iiiarria^f  with 
Miss  Katie  Sh;unway,  ii  native  of  .New  Vork. 
Their  only  (,'angnter,  (Jhira,  is  the  wife  of  .'.  C. 
l''iillertoii. 

^"^J^^ 

?AM!;s  ltATCIIKL()li,.IiiBtieeof  the  Teaw 
of  the  city  of  Salem,  was  Itorn  in  (Jreat 
liuiKl,  Pennsylvania,  May  11,  1^:21).  Ilia 
ancestry  eiinie  from  liollaiul,  in  17ll.i,  and  set- 
tleil  in  Montgomery  county.  Now  York,  where 
/.  .1.  15a'  helni',  the  father  of  our  suhject,  was 
lioni.  Later  he  removed  to  South  iieiid,  where 
lie  was  en^iitreil  in  inechanical  work  until  his 
death,  Juno  2'^,  l*S2'il,  leavini^  a  widow  and  four 
children,  tiie  Kuliject  lieiiii;  the  youngest  of  the 
family.  He  lived  with  iiis  mother  until  nine 
years  of  a4{(t,  and  then  he  was  Iioiind  out  to 
learn  the  tradi!  of  carpenter  and  wagon-maker, 
where  he  was  eiij^aged  until  twenty-one  years  of 
age.  receiving  no  education,  a»  his  eiiiplover 
demanded  constant  lalior.  After  completing 
his  term  of  service,  he  followed  farming  for 
ahoiit  three  years,  and  through  the  kindness  of 
his  employer  he  secured  a  modest  education.  In 
\Hh:\  he  began  work  for  the  1).  !,.  iV:  W.  li.  K. 
Company,  with  whom  he  remaiiiod  until  18^0, 
])a8sing  through  the  several  stages  of  hrakeman, 
ti reman,  engineer,  haggage-master, conductor  and 
train  dis])atcher,  filling  |i(isitioiis  of  trust  and  re- 
sponsihility,  lie  then  returned  to  his  friends  in 
iJiireaii  county,  Illinois,  and  on  thi'  22d  of 
.Inly,  iHfilJ.  he  enlisted  in  Company  (!,  of  tlie 
Ninety-third  Uegimenf,  Infantry,  lUinoisVolun- 
teers.  Captain  William  Mrctwn.  ('oloiiel  Iloldoii 
I'utnam,  grandson  of  (n-ncral  I'litnam,  of  Revo- 
lutionary fame.  The  iNinoty-third  Regiment 
was  assigned  to  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  and 


I  esperieiieed  their  tirst  engagement  at  liatchet 
■  (h'cek.  Mississippi,  when  they  met  the  army 
!  under  (leiieral  I  rice,  in  the  i'.ill  of  1^(12.  Tlii'y 
then  moved  mi  to  llnliy  Springs,  and  then  our 
I  suhject  was  detaoud  to  run  a  train  carrying 
i  siipiilies  to  (ieneral  (iraiit.  at  ColTeevilh).  While 
I  on  diitv  he  was  taken  prisoner  hy  (ieneral  Van 
Dorn,  iiiit  heing  paroleil,  he  jniliud  his  regiment, 
which  then  iiiiived  to  Memphis,  and  in  i)ecem- 
her  went  into  winter  ipiarters  at  Uidgeway,  where 
they  remained  until  March,  1803,  then  moved 
to  llelcna,  .Vrkansas,  where  the  snliject  was  de- 
tailetl  to  the  gunboat.  La  I'ayettte,  then  patroling 
the  Mississippi  river.  In  si.x  weeks  lie  again 
joined  his  regiment  at  Milliken's  Mend,  Louisi- 
ana, and  was  one  of  the  volunteers  to  i  ■  'i  a 
traiisjiort  to  take  it  below  V'ieksljiirg,  joining 
his  regiment  at  lirainsbiirg,  where  began  the 
great  eiigagoment  that  lasted  eighteen  days,  and 
resulted  in  driving  (ieneral  Pemberton  inside 
the  forts  at  X'icksbiirg.  Then  began  the  boiii- 
liardiiieiit  of  Vii'ksbiirg,  which  continued  until 
July,  180;{,  wdieii  the  city  was  Hiirrendered  to 
(ieneral  (iraiit.  Mr.  Hatchelor  was  taken  sick 
from  over  exertion  and  e.\|i(lsure,  and  was  I'oii- 
tined  in  the  Adams  and  Union  llos|iitals  until 
September,  when  he  was  given  a  thirty  days' 
fiirloiiirh  to  iro  home,  wliiu'e  sickness  (letained 
him  until  I'ebruary,  18t!4.  Then  he  again  joined 
his  regiment  at  lluntsville,  .Mabaina,  and  was 
in  (ieneral  Sherman's  march  through  (ieorgia. 
The  regiment  was  then  stationed  at  Altoona  Pass, 
the  base  of  supplies  for  the  army  of  (ieneral 
Sherman,  on  guard  duty,  and  was  engaged  in 
what  was  known  as  the  "  hard-tack  fight,"  on 
October  15,18(54,  and  though  large  forces  of 
men  were  not  employed,  it  was  a  very  tierce 
contest.  The  subject  was  wounded  twice,  but 
not  severely,  and  continued  in  the  discharge  of 
his  duties.  In  November  his  regiment  was 
movi'd  to  .\tlanta  to  join  the  forces  of  General 
Sherman,  and  then  began  the  great  march  from 
Atlanta  to  the  sea,  our  subject  being  detailed  to 
special  duty,  that  of  foraging  for  sujji'lies  to 
snp])ort  the  army.  On  arrival  at  Savannah,  De- 
cember 24,  the  city  surrendered,  and  the  sol- 
diers celebrated  a  very  merry  Christmas.  The 
march  was  then  continued  through  the  Caro- 
linas,  with  frequent  skirmishes,  until  reaching 
IJaleigh,  North  Carolina,  where  they  remained 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  The  troops  then 
assembled  at  Wa  '  ligtoii.  District  of  Colum- 
bia, and  engaged  in  the  grand  review  of  May, 
18G5,  onr  subject  tilling  the  honorable  positioi) 


ntsrouY  Oh'  ohkoun. 


inii 


of  ^uide  on  the  HXtriMiio  right,  in  advance  of  tlie 
iniiin  culiimn.  Ilo  whh  iIkmi  (lotHilril  to  liuHpi- 
tftl  ilnfy,  and  was  tnnHlci-cd  out  in  ■)nnt',  IHd"). 
lt(ttui'niii;.r  fi)  ilia  liDine  in  illiiuiix,  wiicro  In- 
ruinainud  nntil  fail,  lie  Hfciirud  the  poxiticMi  of 
ticket  ajffnt  at  Tond  ('ipck  Btafion,  on  the 
liock  laland  ^  I'li^'fic  Hern  lio  rcnniincil  nn 
til  \.xl?t,  reccivinj;  n  ntes  of  conunendation 
from  liin  ofHcials. 

Ilo  was  married  in  r(«nton,  MiHgiHsippi,  No- 
vemlu'r  2(5,  187??  to  MisH  l-ilizalwlh  .1.  Sclioek, 
daughter  of  V  <'■.  Daviu  SciiocI:.  South  Hond. 
Indiana.  Jle  tliiMi  rofurnn'  to  Now  MimI- 
ford,  lllinuiH,  and  refiiiiiicd  hin  trade  of  con- 
tracting and  Iniildiivr,  v  liich  lie  continni'd  un- 
til 188'.i,  also  filling  the  pogitiun  of  >lustico  of 
tlie  I'eace,  i'oHtinaati'i-  of  Trnxton,  and  Town 
(/li'rk  of  Manline.  Uond  CominieBioncr  and  on 
the  Hoard  of  Siiporvieore,  all  in  Hnrnan  connty. 
In  Juno.  188:i,  ho  started  for  Oregon,  locti'ini; 
at  Sulein,  hi«  lirst  joh  being  the  constniction  of 
the  Seotch  Capitol  City  Milln.  lie  has  «inco 
enf^ageil  in  contract  work,  farniiTiij,  also  lieing 
janitor  ami  AsHintant  iseiirgeiit-of-Arnis  at  the 
State  Capitol.  In  -Inly,  18lli'.  he  waH  elected 
Notary  Public  and  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
since  IHHU  has  been  proprietor  of  the  Capitol 
City  Uestaurant. 

He  has  two  children:  Carrie  A.,  and  Will- 
iam L. 

In  1870  and  1880  ho  served  as  Census  Knu- 
nierator  in  Illinois,  and  in  181)0  in  Salem.  He 
is  Surgeon  of  Se<lgwick  Post,  No.  10,  (t.  A.  li., 
Department  of  Oregon,     '' 


mi:m^^ 


tK.   I'IjAIN,  ilealer    in   {jeiit's    furnishing 
goods,  elotliinfi,  an<l   lioots  and   shoes  at 
<*  Albany.  Oregon,  is  one  of  the  proir:inent 
anil  prosperous  liusiness  men  of  the  town. 

Mr.  Hlain  was  l)orn  in  Porter  county,  In- 
dii  .'a,  in  18-12,  son  of  Wilson  and  Klizabeth 
(Wilson)  Itlain,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Aliehif^an  respectively.  His  parents  settled  in 
Portercounty,  I t-.Jiana,  about  1834.  His  father 
was  a  minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  a 
man  of  earnest,  resolute  character,  and  filled 
with  the  missionary  spirit,  lie  founded  the 
town  of  Hebron,  Porter  county,  where  he  estiib- 
lislied  a  church,  bnilt  up  a  congregation,  and  re- 
mained until  the  spring  of  18-18.  Tliat  year  he 
joined    the  tide  of  westward  emigration,   and 


with  his  wife  arnl  three  chililrun  crosHcd  thn 
plaiiir-  to  Oregon,  coining  out  as  a  missionary  of 
the  Presbyterian  (Jliiirch.  He  had  two  wagons 
and  eight  yoke  of  oven.  Their  trip  was  wllliout 
|paiticnlar  iiicjilcnt  until  they  weri'  crossing  the 
Ciiscatle  nioiintains  by  the  I'.arlow  route.  There 
the  rough  iiiid  precipitous  trail  was  loo  much 
for  their  poor  mid  jaded  o.xeii,  and  they  gave  out 
completely.  While  starMitioii  and  death  in  tlie 
nioiintaing  stared  the  heroic  i)arty  in  the  face, 
they  wen^  met  by  a  man  from  the  Willuinetto 
valley,  a  Mr.  Watson,  who  was  looking  for 
friends.  He  kindly  rcnde'cd  tlieiil  assistance, 
lieljiiiig  them  with  iiis  fresh  teams  to  reach  the 
valley  and  keeping  them  at  his  limise  until  they 
Were  rested  and  their  catde  soiiicwhsit  reciiper- 
ateil.  This  Mr.  lilain  always  considered  as 
resulting  from  the  kiml  watchfulness  of  his 
Heavenly  lather.  In  due  time  they  ]>rocceded 
to  ( (regoii  City,  where  Mr.  lilain  remained  'wo 
years,  preaching  and  tciicbiiig  and  editing  the 
Oregon  .Sju-ctalor.  While  iiiere  it  was  elected 
to  the  lirst  Territorial  Legislature.  In  1  Sol  I  he 
came  to  I. inn  county,  took  iiji  u  secrion  of  laml 
near  lirowiisville,  and  fouiiilei!  tlie  little  town 
called  Union  Point.  Here  he  Imilt  a  school- 
iioiiso  and  a  church.  The  memliership  of  the 
latter  ho  increased  to  seventy.  This  town,  with 
its  several  stores  and  business  places,  was  a 
scene  of  stirring  activity  during  iiis  life;  but. 
with  his  death  in  1800,  it  siiffereil  a  terrible 
blow  and  gradually  becanio  depopiilatoil,  until 
now  only  the  name  exists.  Mrs.  Mlaiii  is  still 
living,  having  ri'iiched  the  ailvanced  age  of 
seventy-seven  years. 

li.  K.  lilain  is  the  oldest  of  six  children,  all  of 
whom  are  living.  He  receiveil  his  education 
under  his  father's  tcacliings,  and  when  his  fiither 
died  he  took  charge  of  the  farm  until  bis  broth- 
ers reached  mature  years.  In  18(]1  ami  'ti'J  ho 
engaged  in  the  stock  liiisincssin  (Cistern  Oregon, 
and  was  one  of  the  tirst  developers  of  the  Idalio 
mines  in  tlie  vicinity  of  Li^wistoii.  The  am- 
bition of  his  boyhood  had  been  to  enter  mercan- 
tile life,  and  in  March,  18)Si3,  his  wishes  were 
gratified  by  his  secMiring  a  clerkship  in  the  gen 
eral  merchandiso  store  of  John  Connor,  with 
whom  he  remained  until  ISCiO.  That  year  he 
entered   into  a  nartnersliip   with   .lohn  IJarrows 


I  a  p 
K.  S 


and  Samuel  K.  ^'oiliig,  and  under  the  firm  name 
of  J.  Harrows  i^;  Co.  engaged  in  the  sale  of 
general  merchandise  and  agricultural  iiiiple- 
iiients.  In  1874  Mr.  Harrows  withdrew,  selling 
his   interest   to   Messrs.    Hlain  A:    Voniig,   who 


08O 


I/ISTOItr    OF   OREaON. 


\ 


continued  tofretlier  iinlil  1870,  wlien  tliey  iJis- 
Kohvil,  Mr.  Young  eontinuintr  aloiio.  Mr. 
lilain  tlinn  eatablislied  a  store  for  the  ealo  of 
gent's  fuinisliiiig  (roods,  clotliing  uiid  boots  nud 
shoes,  and  in   this  business  lie  is  still  engaged. 

He  was  married  in  Albany,  in  18(55,  to  Miss 
Mrtry  M.  .Miller,  daiigbtei'  of  Dr.  William 
Miller,  a  picjneer  of  1852,  who  followed  his  pro- 
fession in  Alliany  until  his  denth  in  1864. 

Politically  Mr.  I'lain  is  a  Republican. 


ill.  FORMES  RARCLAY.— Among  the 
Worthy  and  irood  men  who  came  to  ( )re- 
gon  t'ity,  in  1850,  none  are  more  de- 
Kervinjr  of  honorable  mention  than  J)r.  Barclay, 
now  deceased.  This  gentle'iian  was  born  on  the 
Shetland  isles,  Scotland,  December  25,  1812. 
Ilis  parents  were  Dr.  John  and  (Charlotte  (Spen- 
cer) llarclay,  th"  latter  the  daughter  of  AVilliam 
Spencer,  of  (Turdenstein,  Scotland. 

In  IbiMt  Dr.  I'.arclay  left  England  for  Van- 
couver, to  take  the  position  of  physician  for  the 
Iludson'i  Hay  Clompuny.  Tiie  journey  occupied 
nine  months,  and  lie  remained  ten  months 
treatir'g  the  otticers  of  the  company  and  all  who 
needed  medical  treatment.  In  1850  ho  came  to 
Oregon  City,  and  continued  his  practice  for 
many  years,  never  refusing  to  resj)ond  to  any 
call  made  upon  his  skill,  whether  the  jiatient 
was  rich  or  poor,  far  or  near,  and  by  his  liber- 
ality, as  well  !i8  !)y  his  ability  as  a  ])hysician, 
he  won  hosts  of  friends  wherever  he  chanced  to 
be.  He  practiced  for  twenty-three  years  in 
Oregon  City,  durino;  ail  of  that  time  he  utterly 
ignored  himself,  and  strove  to  benefit  human- 
ity. 

Ho  was  married  in  1842  to  A[iss  Maud 
I'ambnim,  a  native  of  Bi'itish  Columbia,  whose 
father  served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  later  was 
connected  with  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company. 
The  Doctor  and  his  wife  had  the  following  chil- 
ilren:  Peter  T.,  residing  in  California,  secretary 
of  a  company ;  Alexander  I.,  resides  at  the  home; 
the  daughter,  A.  C.  A.,  now  resides  at  the  h</ino 
place;  Hattio,  wife  of  Mr.  William  Pratt, 
superintendent  of  the  locks  at  Oregon  I'ity;  and 
William  C.,a  seaman,  first  mate  of  a  ship. 

The  death  of  this  good  man  occurred  in  187ii, 
from  typhoid  and  pnenmonia,  contracted  from 
his  jiatients,  his  system  being  relaxed  from  over- 
work.    His   faithful  wife  surviveil   him   seven- 


teen years,  until  189((,  when  she,  too,  passed 
away,  in  her  sixty-third  year.  She  was  one  of 
the  typical  women  of  Oregon  City,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  for  her  many  noble  traits  of 
both  iiead  and  heart. 

The  Doctor  was  Treasurer  of  the  Masonic 
lodge  at  Oregon  ('ity,  from  1853  until  the 
time  of  his  death,  lie  was  reared  a  Presby- 
terian, but  in  the  absence  of  his  own  church, 
when  he  came  to  Oregon  City,  he  joined  the 
Metiiodist  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  consistent 
member. 

Ill  1850  lie  and  his  wife  built  the  home  on 
Main  street,  on  a  half  block  of  land,  which  he 
purchased  for  the  jiurpose.  The  material  for 
the  house  was  brought  from  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts. The  workmen  received  $10  per  day  for 
erectir.g  the  house,  wliicli  when  completed  cost 
$17,000.  Here  this  good  man  and  his  family 
lived  for  forty-two  years,  and  the  property  is 
very  valuable  now. 

There  never  occurred  a  death  in  Oregon  City 
whicih  caused  so  much  seneral  mourninir  asthat 
of  \h\  Uarclay's.  In  addition  to  his  profes- 
.liorial  ability  he  was  a  man  calculated  to  win 
and  retain  the  admiration  and  respect  of  all  with 
whom  he  was  brought  in  contact,  either  socially 
or  professionally.  '        .. 


>-#~f-4' 


fL.  BL.VKESLEE,  one  of  tlie  pioneers  and 
early  educators  of  I'nion  county,  was  born 
*  in  is'ew  Rerliii,  Chenango  county,  ,\ew 
York,  March  IH,  1827.  His  father,  Levi 
IJIakeslee,  wasa  native  of  Litchfield, Connecticut, 
and  he  was  married  to  Paltie  Tooley,  a  native 
of  Rrailford,  Massachusetts,  and  then  moved,  in 

1840.  to  Michigan.  He  was  a  manufaeturer, 
having  erected  large  man ii factories  in  Michigan 
for  cotton,  wool  and  Hour.  In  addition  he 
owned  GOO  acres  of  farming  land,  and  died,  in 

1841,  aged  si.xty-six.  His  wife  survived  him 
until  1872,  when  she  died,  aged  eighty-eight. 
They  Imd  a  family  of  iiiiie  children,  seven  of 
whom  are  still  living,  an<l  our  subject  is  the 
youngest  of  tlie  family.  He  is  now  sixty-five 
years  of  age,  and  has  a  sister  who  is  ninety 
years  of  age. 

Our  siiliject  was  educated  in  Miidiigan,  after 
attending  the  Ontario  (College,  at  Ontario  Indi- 
ana. He  taiiglit  scliool  for  a  iin-iiber  of  years 
in  Michigan.    In  1864  Judge  Blakeslec  came  to 


It  I  STORY    OF    ORSOOlf. 


081 


Oregon,  aloiio,  li'iiving  his  family  l>oliiii(l  liiiu 
as  he  made  the  long  trip  acrons  the  phiins.  After 
arrival  in  Union  City  ho  tiiiight  school  for  three 
years,  and  then  made  his  way  home  via  Isthmus 
of  Panama,  lie  then  hronght  his  family  and 
postiessions  across  the  plains  with  teams  and 
lollowed  teaching  in  Oregon,  after  his  return  to 
that  State.  The  first  school  of  Summervillo  was 
taught  by  him,  also  one  at  Union.  At  the  lat- 
ter place  he  remained  fo\ir  years,  and  during 
that  time  was  very  successful,  having  as  many 
as  125  pupils.  During  liis  vacations  he  would 
prospect  in  the  mountains  for  gold.  lie  liought 
a  farm  of  200  acres,  on  which  he  erected  a  feed 
mill  to  grind  feed  for  the  freighters  and  pack 
teams  that  passed  from  I'nuitilla  landing  to 
Idaho.  This  mill  was  run  hy  water-power,  and 
ho  sold  it  for  $11,000,  and  his  land  brougiit  a 
very  high  price,  as  it  was  adjoining  town. 

In  1889  iMr.  131akeslee  was  elected  City  Re- 
corder of  Union,  and  in  1890  tfustice  of  the 
Peace  of  Union  township,  and  in  1802  Justice 
of  the  Peac«  for  three  townships. 

Judge  Blakeslee  was  married,  in  1848,  to 
Miss  Caroline  Dewey,  of  Kalamazoo,  Michigan. 
She  was  born  in  1827.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blakeslee 
have  had  seven  children  born  to  them,  of  whom 
live  are  yet  living,  namely:  W.  B.,  a  farmer 
near  Union;  Linn  is  a  graduate  in  a  medical 
college  of  Chicago,  and  now  practices  in  ("aid- 
well,  Idaho;  Lillian,  wife  of  W.  II.  Stafford; 
Ida,"wife  of  Whit  Hall,  merchant  in  Marion: 
and  Abba,  the  youngest  daughter,  resides  with 
her  parents  and  is  a  stenographer  and  tyj)e- writer, 
engaged  in  the  county  clerk's  office  of  Union. 

The  Judge  has  been  very  successful  in  all  his 
enterprises,  having  started  a  poor  boy  and 
worked  his  way  up  until  ho  is  now  the  owner  of 
a  good  residence  and  a  block  of  land  in  Union, 
besides  other  j)roperty.  lie  has  always  been 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  his  city  and  is  always 
ready  to  assist  in  the  upbuilding  of  churches 
and  other  public  buildings.  lie  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  order  since  ISoti,  and  a 
Republican  ever  since  thii  organization  of  the 
party,  and  prior  to  that  i'e  was  an  old-line  Whig. 


fOIIX  BURNS,  a  prominent  farmer  and 
business  man,  of  Polk  county,  and  an 
esteemed  Oregon  pioneer  of  1848,  was  born 
in  Illinois,  April  28,  1833.  He  is  of  Scotch  an- 
cestry, his  grandfather.  Garrett  Burns,  being  a 


cousin  of  the  reiiowtii'l  Scottish  i)ard,  Uobert 
Burns.  Our  subject's  father,  William  Burns, 
was  b(jrn  in  Iventuckv,  in  1800.  He  miirried 
itachel  Ford,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  in  IMl. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Robert  Ford,  and  they 
had  a  family  (jf  eleven  children,  all  of  whom  they 
reared  to  maturity,  and  all  but  two  of  them  are 
still  living.  With  his  wife  and  eight  children 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1848.  The 
journey  was  made  with  oxen,  and  six  months 
were  consumeil  in  the  trip.  Our  subject  was 
then  in  his  sixteenth  year,  anil  was  of  much  as- 
sistance to  his  father  in  that  trip.  They  started 
March  23d,  from  Kendall  county,  Illinois,  and 
arrived  at  Foster's  farm,  in  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, September  27,  1848.  The  Mormons  had 
stolen  eight  head  of  their  cattle,  but  by  pursu- 
ing the  thieves  they  were  able  to  regain  them. 
One  woman,  Mrs.  Fonts,  died  and  was  buried  by 
the  way.  Mr.  Burns'  father  purchaeed  the  right 
to  adonation  claim  on  the  LMckamntc,  and  tlien 
went  overland  to  California,  in  1849,  to  the  gold 
diggings  on  I'ufte  creek.  He  mined  here  and  on 
the  Mariposa.  While  there,  he  was  the  ^discov- 
erer of  a  claim  that  is  still  known  as  the  Burns' 
diggings.  He  retired  to  his  farm  in  Oregon 
with  82,000.  In  1852  he  returned  East,  bought 
a  drove  of  stock,  and  in  18o3  drove  them  back 
across  the  ])lains.  He  had  purciiased  his  land 
claim  on  the  Luekamute  of  Colonel  Waters,  and 
he  resided  on  this  property  until  187o,  when  he 
retired  to  California  and  died  on  the  23d 
of  December  of  that  year.  His  wife  survived 
him  until  1887,  when  she,  too,  died. 

Our  subjei^t  resided  with  his  father  until  his 
twenty-first  year,  when  he  settled  in  Benton 
county,  where  lie  purchased  a  settler's  right  to 
320  acres  of  land.  Here  he  engaged  in  farming 
and  stock-raising  successfully  until  iStiti,  when 
he  sold  and  came  to  Polk  county  and  urchased 
400  acres  of  land  of  W.  Selling,  wli>  .'c  he  has 
resided,  worked  and  prospered  for  fifteen  years, 
adding  to  his  lands  two  other  tractsof  320a('r(^8 
each,  making  1,040  acres,  all  in  Polk  county. 
In  18S8  he  purchased  a  tloiiring  mill  on  the 
Luekamute,  which  he  is  still  running,  in  addi- 
tion to  his  farming  iiit(>rests.  it  has  a  full  roll- 
erprocess,  and  he  is  doing  a  good  business. 

Mr.  Burns  was  nnirried  in  December,  1H.")3,  to 
Miss  Susan  Hickland,  a  native  of  Indiana,  horn 
in  1x3)5.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John  Hick- 
land,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  18.")l.  'i'liis  lady 
bore  her  busbund  seven  children,  namely;  .Ldin 
1-.,  married  and  residing  in  east  Oreg.m;  .Vrlhur 


.1  .kS, 
■    \1. 


983 


lIIffTORy    OF    ORKOON. 


(^.,  resides  in  I'olk  coiinty;  Theodore  M.,  lit 
liDine;  Eliza,  wife  of  .laiiics  Montgoinery,  re- 
sides in  Cook  county;  (Inrinda,  wife  of  James 
McUermeat,  rewidea  in  eastern  Oregon;  Emma 
is  a  widow,  and  the  youngest,  .lolin,  resides  in 
I'olk  county.  In  .lanuary,  1876,  Mrs.  Hnrns 
died,  imd  ( >ctoher  3,  187'.t,  Mr.  liurns  married 
Mrs.  Cornelia  Evans,  the  widow  of  William 
Eviins.  She  had  a  daughter,  now  Mrs.  Charlie 
Brown,  of  Independence.  Mr.  and  ^frs.  Burns 
have  one  child.  Ruble  Muretta. 

Mr.  Burns  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  hut  has 
always  declined  office.  lie  has,  by  industry  and 
intelligent  effori,  succeeded,  and  he  has  gained 
the  good-will  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 


frD(iE  DEAN  BLA NCR ARI).  — There 
are  few  names  better  or  more  favorrbly 
known  along  the  lower  Columbia  river  than 
that  which  heads  this  sketch.  lie  has  been  a 
resident  of  Oregon  since  1854,  and  of  llainier 
many  years,  llis  jiolitical  career  and  work  in 
many  other  channels  during  his  residence  here 
has  made  him  known  to  numy  who  would  per- 
haps luwer  have  learned  of  him  otherwise,  and 
iieing  a  gentleman  of  most  kiiully.  sympathetic 
ind  pleasing  manner,  it  is  iuit  natural  that  lie 
should  have  many  friends  throughout  the 
State. 

.Imlge  lilaiichiird  was  born  in  Madison,  Maine, 
December  20,  1832,  of  a  good  American  family, 
which  was  established  in  New  England  iit  col- 
onial days,  the  great-grandfather  taking  part  in 
the  Revolutionary  war,  where  he  was  a  captain, 
and  his  grandfather  Weston  settled  in  Maine  in 
178(i,  but  his  fathei',  Merril  lilanchard  was  horn 
in  Massachusetts.  The  mother  of  Judge 
Blanehard  was  named  Eunice  Weston  Blanch- 
ard,  was  a  native  of  Maine  and  died  in  1842, 
her  husband  surviving  until  1887. 

Our  subject  was  the  second  in  a  family  of 
eight  children,  and  his  early  life  was  that  of  a 
farnu'r  and  clerk,  but  later  he  learned  the  car- 
penter trade,  lie  came  to  Oregon  via  Xicarauga, 
in  the  old  steamer.  Northern  Light,  lie  en- 
gaged in  clerking  at  St.  Helen  for  a  time,  and 
then  joined  a  (toverument  expedition  to  lioiso 
(^ity,  Idaho,  being  assistant  wagon  nnister.  lie 
lias  followed  his  trade  for  several  years  at  differ- 
ent points,  ai'.il  has  engaged  in  clerking  at 
I'ortlaiid,  Vanc()uver  and  other  points.   Ji.  18o7 


he  was  made  Auditor  of  Columbia  county,  and 
in  1858  was  made  County  Clerk,  being  the  first 
incumbent  in  otHee. 

The  year  18(i3  found  our  subject  at  Rainier, 
engaged  in  the  sawmill  busines,  and  he  still 
owns  this  plant  and  also  a  wood  Hume,  which 
supplies  the  river  boats  when  in  jmrt  witli  with 
fuel  and  fills  large  contracts  outside.  The  Judge 
is  a  large  land  owner,  possessing  1,000  acres  of 
timber,  besides  tide  lan<l8  and  city  property  at 
Astoria.  In  1874  he  was  elected  County  Judge, 
and  has  been  re-elected  several  terms  since  then, 
lie  was  iriade  Postmaster  at  Rainier  in  1864,  and 
has  held  that  office  constantly  ever  since.  In 
1863  he  established  a  mercantile  store  at  this 
place,  which  he  still  conducts.  'His  political 
views  are  Republican,  and  he  has  always  been 
active  in  political  life.  He  affiliates  socially  with 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  with  A.  O.  r.  W.  and  K.  of 
P.  and  has  passed  the  chairs  in  the  first  named 
order  ar.d  belongs  to  St.  John's  Chapter  of 
Astoria,  and  also  is  a  member  of  the  State  Pio- 
neer Association. 

jURTOX  BROS.,  manufacturers  of  brick. 
Salem,  Oregon,  are  the  proprietors  of  one 
of  the  most  important   industries  of  this 

In  1875  Alvin  A.  Burton,  a  member  of  the 
firm,  came  to  Salem  as  foreman  of  the  brick 
manufactory  at  the  State  penitentiary,  this  in- 
stitution having  the  contract  for  the  brick  to  be 
used  in  the  construction  of  the  State  Asylum  for 
the  Insane.  lie  tilled  tiiis  position  for  five 
years,  and  under  his  direction  an  enor'nous 
amount  of  work  was  accomplished.  Lutnan 
Burton  came  to  Salem  in  1878,  and  occupied  a 
position  similar  to  that  of  his  brother  at  the 
State  penitentiary.  Edwin  and  IVrcy  Burton 
emigrated  to  the  State  more  recently,  but  as- 
sisted in  the  organi/ation  of  the  firm  of  Burton 
I'ros, 

They  have  tweh  e  acres  of  ground  where  their 
yards  are  located,  aiul  are  nuiking  arrangements 
to  open  a  second  yard  in  Portland,  Oregon. 
Each  of  the  four  brothers  is  a  practical  work- 
man, having  been  trained  to  tlie  bueinesH  by 
their  father,  who  was  master  of  the  craft.  They 
manufacture  about  2,500,000  of  brick  an.oiallv, 
an<l  have  furnished  the  material  for  many  of  the 
tine  blocks  built  in  Salem.     They    are  all   ineii 


UtSTORY    OP   ORSaON. 


of  energy  and  superior  business  ability,  au'l 
biive  placed  their  busiueas  among  the  leading 
(^stablishmontB  of  the  city. 

They  are  natives  of  Rochester,  New  York, 
and  removed  to  Illinois  in  1851).  Luuian  and 
Kdwiii  belong  to  tlie  A.  ().  U.  W.  and  tlied.  A. 
It.;  both  were  soldiers  in  tlie  late  civil  war,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war;  they  saw  much 
hard  fighting,  and  Luman  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Shiloli  by  a  guntthot,  whii-h  carried  away 
a  splinter  of  bone  from  his  left  leg.  lie  was  a 
j'outh  of  sixteen  years  when  he  enlisteii,  and 
was  a  drummer-boy  while  in  camp;  l."*  when 
there  was  a  battle  he  carried  u  gun  and  fought 
with  liis  company.  Too  much  cannot  be  said 
ill  praise  of  the  men  who  jeopardize<l  their  lives 
that  the  nation  might  be  saved,  and  the  great 
republic  of  the  United  States  might  be  pre- 
served. 

fROF.  HENRY  NICHOLAS  BOLAN- 
DER  of  Portland  Oregon,  is  a  native  of 
Germauy,  born  in  Ilesse,  now  a  part  of 
Prussia,  February  22,  1831.  His  parents  were 
both  Germans,  and  he  was  raised  and  educated 
in  hif-  native  hind,  and  in  1840  came  to  the 
United  Slates  and  entered  the  theological  semin- 
ary of  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  was  a  teacher  for 
some  years  in  the  schools  of  that  city.  He  was 
principal  of  the  German- English  school  there, 
for  two  years.  In  18(il  he  came  to  California 
because  of  the  failure  of  his  health.  He  set- 
tled in  California,  and  for  a  few  years  was  Pro- 
fessor of  German  in  the  private  school  of  r)r. 
E.  Colin.  He  then  received  the  appointment  of 
botanist  on  the  survey  on  the  coast  of  Califor- 
.lia,  and  he  served  in  tliis  capacity  for  a  year  and 
a  half.  He  continued  his  researches  in  botany 
for  ten  years,  doing  much  good  in  that  direction. 
In  the  ffill  of  186b  he  was  elected  principal  of 
the  Cosmopolite  schools  of  San  Francisco,  and 
retained  the  position  until  1871,  when  lie  was 
elected  superintendent  of  the  institutes  of 
California.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  schools 
of  San  Francisco.  His  term  expired  in  1877. 
The  next  year  he  made  a  trip  to  Central  Amer- 
ica. In  1882  ho  went  to  Peru  and  Chili,  and 
from  there  to  Europe,  visiting  liis  native  land. 
Ill  1882  li"  came  to  I'ortland,  Oregan,  ami  be- 
came Professor  of  German,  in  the  Bishop  Scott 


Academy  and  St.  Helen.  He  also  had  several 
classes  in  geometry,  trigonometry  and  liotany, 
in  all  of  whicli  I'rof.  I'olander  is  very  tborougli. 
In  botany  he  is  considered  a  vei'y  higlnuithority 
indeed,  iiecause  of  his  extensive  lesearch  in 
this  study,  the  title  of  doctor  wns  conl'erred 
upon  him  by  the  liafayette  College  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

In  1857  Prof.  Bolander  married  Miss  Mary 
■lenner,  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Hiigg.  of 
Switzerland.  They  have  haii  nine  children  as 
follows:  Louise  .1.,  now  the  wife  of  II.  Callender 
and  resides  in  San  Francisco;  Mary  J.  married 
Mr.  Ilervey,  but  she  is  now  a  widow  and  resides 
in  San  .lose;  Amelia  J.  is  the  wife  of  William 
Eppelsheimer,  they  reside  in  San  Francisco,  hi'  is 
the  aiulitor  of  the  first  cable  railway  in  the  city; 
Edward  J.  is  also  in  San  Francisco;  Henry  J. 
was  connected  with  the  Panama  steamer,  but 
died  of  consumption,  February  22,  1889;  Louis 
Philip  is  engaged  in  the  ])laning-mill  business; 
Theodore  Lincoln,  merchant,  residing  at  Port- 
land with  his  parents;  Clara  Henrietta  is  the 
wife  of  Mr.  J.  Wright;  and  Malviua  was  the 
wife  of  Mr.  Frank  Anderson.  The  two  last 
named  are  twins,  and  arelioarty,  strong  women, 
and  reside  in  i'ortland.  Prof.  Bolanilcr  has  fif- 
teen grandchildren,  some  of  whom  are  married. 
He  is  a  member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  a  charter 
member  of  the  Science  (Mtibof  Portland,  lie 
is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  a  faithful 
member  of  the  Episcopal  Churcli.  He  is  a  well 
preserved  man,  and  is  highly  esteemed  because 
of  his  mental  attainments,  as  well  as  because  of 
his  fine  character. 

— -^^M^W-^ — 


»40n  IS  B  L  V  M  A  V  E  It.  president  of  tlie 
Tvll  IMumauer  Fratik  Drug  Company.  I'ort- 
4^  land,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  this  city,  born 
in  185(5.  As  one  of  the  representative  business 
men  of  Portland,  he  is  entitled  to  some  per- 
sonal consideration  in  this  work.  A  brief  res- 
ume of  his  life  is  as  follows: 

Simon  Biumauer,  his  father,  a  native 
Bavaria.  Germany,  emigrated  to  .Vmerica 
1848,  aiul  located  in  New  York  city,  where 
mai'ried  and  engaged  in  a  meicantile  life. 
185;}  lie  purchased  an  increased  stock  of  goods 
anil  started  for  Portland,  Oregon,  by  steamei' 
aiiil  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  After  his  arri\al 
in  I'ortland  he    f(irmed  a   co-partnership,  iiikIit 


of 
in 

lie 
In 


BtSTORf    OF    OR^aON 


tiic  imini!  (>r  Hliiinaiier  &  liosciihlatt,  wliich 
firm  condiicttfd  a  successful  gciientl  incrcliaiuliBe 
buBini'ss  until  187v5.  That  year  Mr.  Rliimaiier 
sold  out  and  retired  from  active  l)usiiies8.  He 
liiiilt  tlie  Hlumiiuer  Hlocl<,  corner  of  Fourtli  and 
Morrison  ntreets,  and  lias  other  valuable  im- 
proved and  uiiini])roveil  jiroperty  interests. 

l.ouiB  Hluinaucr  receivt-d  his  classical  ednca- 
ti((n  ill  I'ortland,  and  then  entered  the  New 
York  Collefje  of  Pharmacy,  New  York,  where 
he  graduated  in  187().  lietuniing  to  Portland, 
he  became  a  member  of  the  tiriii  of  Bliimauer 
&  Iluebner,  which  opened  a  retail  drug  store  on 
First  street,  between  Morrison  and  Yatn  Hill 
streets.  After  two  years  the  firm  dissolved, 
Mr.  Hlumauer  purchasing  the  entire  interest, 
which  he  continued  niider  the  name  of  L. 
Hlumauer  t.V:  Co.,  with  a  large  and  lucrative 
trade,  until  1S90.  i  iiat  year  lie  removed  to  the 
corner  of  Fourth  and  Morrison  streets,  organ- 
ized and  incorporated  the  JJlumaner-Frank  Drug 
Company,  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  drug 
liiisiness.  Of  this  company,  he  was  made  presi- 
dent, and  still  holds  that  position.  Prosperity 
attended  their  efforts,  and  it  soon  became  neces- 
sary to  increase  their  facilities  for  business.  In 
February,  1892,  they  removed  to  the  new  Wil- 
Bon  Block,  on  Fourth  street,  which  was  built  for 
their  occupancy.  This  building  is  50x90  feet, 
four  stories  and  basement,  every  apartment  of  it 
l)eing  occupied  by  tins  firm. 

i[r.  lilumauer  was  married  in  San  Francisco, 
in  18H4:,  to  Miss  Frances  Carpenter,  a  native  oi 
Vermont. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Alumni  of  the  Xew 
Y^ork  College  of  Pharmacy,  and  of  the  Ameri- 
can Pharmaceutical  Association  of  the  United 
States.      , 


[AMIIKI,  HKIPLE,  a  prominent  farmer  of 
C'laekainas  county,  and  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  18r)2,  was  born  in  the  State  or  Penn- 
sylvania, September  1.  1S28,  and  is  of  (ierinan 
descent.  (Jreat-grandfather  Heiple,  a  native  of 
Germany,  came  to  America  and  settled  in  Penn- 
sylvania previous  to  the  Revolution.  His  son, 
David  Heiple.  lived  to  be  ninety  years  of  age, 
and  his  son,  also  nameil  David,  was  born  in 
Somerset  county.  I'ennsylvania,  November  15, 
179M.  The  younger  David  Heiple,  father  of  our 
Bubject.  was  married  in  his  native  Stafi' to  Miss 


Tenney  Swanck,  a  <laughter  of  .facob  Swanck, 
their  marriage  occuring  June  29,  1824.  In 
1829  they  removed  to  Ohio,  and  in  1841  from 
there  to  Nlissonri,  settling  in  Cedarville  town- 
ship, itockf'ord  county,  where  his  death  occnr- 
red  September  24,  1857.  They  had  ten  chil- 
dren, of  whom  Samuel,  the  third  born,  is  now  tlie 
only  survivor. 

Mr.  Heiple  went  with  his  parents  to  (Jliio, 
where  ho  resided  thirteen  years.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Pennsylvania,  and  subsecjuently  came 
from  there  to  Oregon,  driving  an  ox  team  to  pay 
for  his  board  during  the  journey.     That  year, 

1852,  is  noted  in  the  annals  of  history  as  the 
cholera  year,  and  the  train  with  which  ouryonng 
friend  traveled  did  not  escape  the  epidemic. 
While  on  the  Platte  he  was  taken  with  the 
cholera  one  morning,  and  before  getting  up  his 
team  some  of  the  Ohio  boya  gave  him  alcohol 
to  drink.  He  waded  the  river  six  times  in  se- 
curing the  teams,  a  part  of  the  way  the  water 
being  neck  deep.  Ho  has  always  attributed 
his  recovery  to  the  alcohol  and  the  water.  Many 
were  the  emigrants  he  helped  to  bury  on  that 
memorable  journey,  and  he  recalls  the  scenes  at 
tliose  new-made  graves  as  among  the  saddest 
he  ever  witnesced. 

Mr.  Heiple  arrived  in  East  Portland  early  in 
December.  He  camped  there  in  the  heavy  tim- 
ber and  cut  logs  and  mr'le  rails.  He  remem- 
bers having  split  2,600  rails  for  fifty  pounds  of 
fioiir.  It  was  a  hard  winter  and,  not  withstand- 
ing he  worked  right  along  regardless  of  the  rain 
and  snow,  he  ran  behind  in  his  expenses  Ji20, 
and  then  only  liad  salt  pork,  coffee,  bread  and 
molasses.  In  the  spring  he  went  to  .  et 
sonnd.  where  he  worked'  till   the  4tli  of  Jiify, 

1853.  Then  after  living  in  Marion  county, 
two  years,  returned  to  Portland.  He  was  en- 
gaged in  cutting  cord  wood  there,  two  years  and 
after  that  took  contracts  to  furnish  the  steam- 
boats with  wood,  remaining  there,  t! '•js  engaged 
sixteen  years.  In  1883  he  purchased  67iJ  acres 
of  land  in  Clackamas  coi'iity,  to  which  property 
he  removed  in  1888.  and  on  which  he  has  since 
made  extensive  imj)roveinents.  He  jiurchased 
ten  acres  of  land  in  East  Portland,  from  which 
he  cut  the  steamboat  wood  before  mentioned 
and  a  part  of  the  land  he  afterward  sold  for 
1^20,000.  The  remaining  portion  is  now  worth 
!?45.()00. 

November  1.  18ti5,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  Jones,  a  native  of  Missouri  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Gi'ortie  Jones,  a   native  of  the  State  of 


IlISTOHY    OF    OliEOON. 


98fl 


Ohio.  The  Joiie»  family  cuino  to  Oregon  in 
1861,  and  Mi-.  .lonos  becann'  one  of  the  promi- 
nent citizen^  of  tiie  State.  At  the  time  of  his 
death  ho  wis  tlie  cwner  of  three  valuable  farms. 
lie  died  Aniriist  22,  1888,  and  his  wife  paened 
away  about  eight  months  before.  They  had 
twelve  children,  of  whom  nine  are  now  living, 
Mrs.  Ilciple  being  the  sixth  born.  At  lier 
father's  death  she  inherited  a  fourth  interest  in 
290  acres  of  land,  located  three  miles  east  of  the 
city  of  Salom.  ]\[r.  and  Mrs.  Ileiple  have  had 
eight  children,  as  follows:  Noah  F.;  (George  S., 
wlio  died  in  his  fourth  year;  Simon  E.;  Edgar 
R. ;  Harlan  L.,  who  died  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
months;  Henry  C,  Cleveland  G.,  and  Clara  .f. 
Mr.  Ileiple  is  a  uiomber  of  the  Farmers'  Al- 
liance, and  is  Vice-President  of  the  order  in 
Clackamas  county.  He  is  a  good  farmer  and  a 
reliable  and  worthy  citizen,  who  l)y  his  own  hon- 
est efforts,  has  risen  to  be  one  of  the  most  pros- 
perous men  of  liis  county. 


IK.  JOIIX  FIELD,  the  pioneer  physician 
of  Sheridan,  (Jregon,  was  born  in  Daviess 
county,  Kentucky,  ifarch  22,  1837.  The 
Doctor's  ancestors  were  among  the  earliest  set- 
tlers in  the  colony  of  Virginia,  having  come  to 
this  country  from  Englatid.  (Grandfather  Reu- 
ben Field  was  born  in  Virginia  and  was  among 
the  early  emigrants  to  Kentucky.  He  partici- 
pated in  both  the  Revolution  and  the  war  of 
1812.  His  son,  George,  the  Doctor's  father, 
was  born  in  Kentucky  in  isoy,  and  when  he 
grew  up  married  Miss  Susan  Tanner,  who  was 
born  the  same  year  and  in  the  same  State  he 
was.  Her  people  were  also  of  Knglish  descent 
and  had  moved  from  Virginia  to  Kentucky 
about  the  time  the  Fields  did.  Her  father 
was  Saul  K'.ig  Tanner,  (ieorge  Field  and  his 
wife  had  eight  children,  of  whom  our  subject 
was  the  oldest.  The  father  died  at  the  old  Ken- 
tucky homestead  in  1876,  and  the  mother  passed 
away  in  1878.  l?oth  were  members  of  the  Hap- 
tist  Church.  Dr.  Field  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  district  schools.  He  began  the 
study  of  medicine  in  tlio  office  of  Dr.  James  S. 
Jones  in  McLean  county,  Kentucky,  and  attend- 
ed the  K-mtucky  School  of  .Medicine  at  Louis- 
ville in  the  years  1857"'58-'.")y,  graduating  in 
1860.  He  began  the  practice  of  lii>  profession 
in  1858  in  tlie  town  of  Calhoun,  where  he  contin- 


ued until  1861.  He  then  removed  to  Hig  Renil 
of  Green  river,  where  he  practiced  until  186S. 
That  year  he  returned  to  his  native  town,  and 
in  1872  came  from  there  direct  to  Sheridan, 
Oregon. 

At  the  time  Dr.  Field  arrived  in  Oregon  Sher- 
idan WHS  a  new  town  and  had  no  ]ihysician. 
Hero  he  has  spent  twenty  of  the  best  years  of  his 
professional  life,  going  all  over  the  country,  both 
night  and  day,  in  rain  and  shine,  on  errands  of 
mercy  to  the  sick  and  suffering,  never  stopping 
to  ask  if  they  were  able  to  pay;  and  thus  the  rich 
and  the  poor  alike  have  had  the  benefit  of  his 
professional  skill.  It  has  been  a  hard  life,  but 
the  wiry  constitution  of  the  Doctor  has  stood  it 
well  and  he  is  still  active  and  useful  in  his  pro- 
fession. 

In  1873  he  received  the  appointment  of  phy- 
sician to  the  Grande  lionde  Indian  Agency,  an<l 
served  satisfactorily  in  that  capacity  until  1875. 
In  1883  he  was  again  appointed  to  the  same  po- 
sition, which  lie  filled  most  creditably  until  1886, 
this  time  also  serving  as  clerk.  His  j)rofe88ional 
career  has  thus  far  been  one  of  marked  success, 
his  large  and  lucrative  ])ractice  extending 
throughout    both  Yam    Hill  and  I'olk  counties. 

From  the  time  he  first  took  up  his  residence 
here  Dr.  Field  has  been  thoroughly  identified 
with  the  best  interests  of  the  town,  not  oidy  in  a 
professional  way  but  also  as  a  liroad-minded  and 


public-sj)irited  citizen.  He  has  served  as  I'olice 
tMidge  of  Sheridan,  and  is  now  8er\ing  his  third 
term  as  Justice  of  thi«  Peace.  The  Doctor  was 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity 
in  McLean  county,  Kentucky,  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  the  Ueech  (irove  Lodge, 
No.  423,  and  was  the  first  Master  of  the  Lodge. 
He  is  Past  Grand  of  Sheridan  Lodge,  No.  87, 
1.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  served  the  lodge  very  ably 
several  years  as  its  Secretary.  He  is  also  Ite- 
orderof  Sheridan  Lodge,  .No.  37,    .\.'0.  U.  \V. 

From  his  Virginia  ancestors  the  Doctor  in- 
herits t'.iat  warmhearted  friendship  and  genial 
hospitality  which  so  characterized  them,  and  like 
them  he  is  Democi'atic  in  his  political  views. 

He  was  married  in  Calhoun,  McLean  county, 
Kentucky,  October  1.").  lHr)8.  to  Aliss  Harbara 
K.  Jones,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  Jones,  with  whom 
he  first  studied  medicine.  She  was  born  in 
Ohio  connty,  Kentucky,  within  five  miles  of  the 
Doctoi's  birthplace.  'I'hey  liiive  had  seven 
children,  all   excc|)t  two  having  ilied  in  infancy. 

The  oldest  son,  Clinton,  is  a  prominent  phy- 


ill 


w« 


in  STORY    OP   OREGON. 


hiciaii  of  Ofrletliorpc,  Gporijiji,  jiikI  tlic  yoniigC8t, 
Koscoc,  is  witli  liis  jjiirciits  at  Slioridrtii.  Soon 
at'tfi-  his  arrival  licrc,  tlio  Doctor  piircliaPcd 
t)ro])erty  and  Imilt  the  pleasant  home  in  wliieli 
hu  now  resides. 

tW.VA  CAVK,  one  of  Oregon's  respected 
pioneers,  came  to  Wnlia  WaUa,  then  a  part 
of  Oregon,  in  1843,  and  from  there  lie 
came,  to  Washington  county  in  184'4.  Mr. 
Cave  was  liorn  at  I'latto  Purchase,  Platte  connty, 
Missouri,  on  .\[arch  5,  1841.  His  father.  Rev. 
James  t'ave,  a  minister  of  tiie  Methodist  denom- 
ination, was  born  in  Virginia  and  married 
Miss  Crump.  They  had  four  children  in  the 
East,  and  tliey  brought  them  with  them  in  1843. 
A  fifth  one  was  born  at  AVhitnmn's  station, 
whom  they  named  Joseph,  the  winter  after  they 
arrived  in  Oregon.  The  eldest  daughter  named 
Barthena  died  in  1857;  a  son.  Hartlet,  lives  near 
Salem.  ]\[ary  .\.  is  now  Mrs.  Q\iitin  and  re- 
sides in  Salem.  The  next  child  was  Ililey,  who 
is  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  the  younifest  was 
Joseph.  The  father  settled  in  Tualltin  plains, 
and  later  settled  on  a  donation  claim  in  Yarn 
Hill  connty,  and  after  several  years  spent  there 
he  went  to  Washington  county,  seven  miles 
north  of  Hillsboro,  where  he  made  a  home  and 
resided  until  1861,  when  his  death  occurred. 
His  wife  died  in  1844  and  he  never  married 
again.  Mr.  Cave  was  sent  to  school  at  North 
plain,  and  the  school  was  kept  in  a  log  cabin, 
with  a  dirt  tloor  and  split  benches.  The  pupils 
were  half-breeds  and  Indians.  They  had  no 
books  and  the  walls  were  made  of  split  logs  and 
on  this  the  teacher  made  the  letters  and  tigures 
with  charcoal.  There  were  so  many  wild 
animals  that  the  children  had  to  take  the  dogs 
to  school  with  them  to  ))rotect  them.  Some- 
tinu'S  the  dogs  which  they  tied  outside  the  door, 
became  united  and  began  to  tight.  Later  Mr. 
Cave  was  sent  to  the  academy  at  Forest  'irove, 
where  he  received  a  good  school  education.  He 
learned  the  blacksmith  trade,  and  became  noted 
as  being  one  of  the  uest  shoers  of  fast  horses  in 
tlu'  county.  In  ls,")5  he  furnished  his  own 
horse  and  equipments  and  served  in  the  Indian 
■war.  .\t  Poise  in  lsi)2  he  also  jiartieipated  in 
the  fight  with  the  Indians. 

When  he  became  old  enough  to  take  a  claim, 
later  emigrants  had   arrived,  and   all  the  laud 


was  taken.  In  1808  he  opened  his  first  black- 
smith shop  in  Hillshori),  in  which  he  has  con- 
tinued since,  and  has  always  made  the  shoeing 
of  fast  horses  a  sjieciality.  In  ii>(87  he  opened 
a  hardware  store  in  Hillsboro,  and  has  since  run 
both  store  and  shoj),  doing  a  successful  business. 
He  built  his  home  in  1868  and  his  store  in 
1888.  He  married  Melinda  Poyd.  of  Platte 
county,  Missouri,  on  April  12,  1866.  She  is 
the  daughter  of  Michael  Poyd.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cave  have  had  five  children,  as  follows:  J.  W., 
L.  M.,  C.  M. ;  and  liosa  Lottie  died  in  her  fifth 
year.  L.  M.  is  the  wife  of  William  (r.  Loman. 
Mr.  Cave  is  a  worthy  member  of  Tnalitin  Lodge, 
A.  V.  »fe  A.  M..  and  is  I'ast  Master  of  his  lodge. 
He  served  fourteen  years  as  J  ustice  of  the 
Peace  in  Hillsboro  and  made  a  most  satisfactory 
officer,  making  his  decisions  justly  and  consist- 
ently, and  his  judgment  was  seldom  found  to  be 
at  fault.  One  case  was  carried  to  the  superior 
court  and  his  decision  was  ap|)roved.  Mr. Cave 
takes  just  pride  in  the  growth  and  development 
of  his  State,  and  is  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
his  town,  and  he  has  the  good-will  of  all  the 
citizens  of  town  and  county. 


— 'i^^m:m^^ — 

fll.  CHIlISMAX.oneof  the  representative 
citizens  of  Eugene,  was  born  in  Andrew 
<*  county.  Missouri,  December  2,  1848. 
His  parents.  (Campbell  E.  and  Phiebe  (Flannery) 
Chrisman  were  natives  of  X'^irginiaand  removed 
to  Missouri  about  1840,  where  Mr.  Chrisman 
followed  farming  and  stock-raising.  Li  1851, 
with  his  wife  and  seven  children,  he  started  for 
Oregon,  with  well  ecjuipped  wagons  and  ox 
teams  and  a  number  of  loose  cattle,  i'ossessing 
every  necessary  requirement  for  the  journey,  it 
was  accomplished  in  safety.  After  crossing  the 
(Cascade  mountains  by  the  Barlow  route,  they 
landed  in  Lane  county  in  October  and  wintered 
near  (!oburg.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he  bought 
the  (Jafionville  property,  but  sold  out  in  the 
6|)ring  o('  185i5  and  settled  on  the  coast  fork  of 
the  Willamette  river,  where  he  took  up  and 
bought  additional  land  to  amount  to  740  acres 
and  engaged  in  fanning  and  stock-raising  until 
1878,  when  he  sold  out  and  settled  in  ('ottage 
(irove,  purchasing  residence  |)roperty,  and  there 
died  .lanuary,  1885.  He  was  a  liepublican  in 
politics  and  an  ardent  I'nion  man,  and  in  1862 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  the  terni 
with  loyalty  and  fervor. 


II r STORY    OF    ORKGON. 


087 


( )ur  subject  was  cduc»ttMl  hI  the  union  school 
on  South  fork  ami  rciniiim-d  at  lionic,  looking 
aftiT  tlie  farm  and  stoi'k  until  187(5,  when  he 
removed  to  Lake  county  and  engaj^ed  in  the 
Btock  hnsinesH,  which  he  conducted  very  success- 
fully, selling  out  in  lS8i3  his  band  of  cattle 
numbering  about  1,200  head.  He  then  returned 
to  Cottage  Grove  and  reniaiiu'd  until  1884,  when 
lie  went  to  Eugene  and  invested  in  business  and 
residence  property,  and  engaged  in  loaning 
money,  which  he  has  since  followed.  Mr.  Chris- 
man  occupies  a  large  and  imposing  residence  on 
the  corner  of  Tenth  and  Cliarnelton  streets, 
which  he  purchased  after  its  completion.  In 
1891  he  erected  the  Chrisman  Block-,  twostory 
brick,  southwest  corner  of  Ninth  and  Willamette 
streets,  which  is  handsomely  and  substantially 
finished  for  business  purposes.  He  was  one  of 
the  promoters  of  the  Lugene  Water  Works,  estab- 
lished in  1886,  and  is  a  stockholder  and  direc- 
tor of  the  First  National  Hank.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  no  fraternal  society,  and  is  not  active  in 
f)olitic8  though  Republican  in  principles.  His 
ife  is  devoted  to  his  business  interests,  which 
are  honorably  conducted,  and  he  possesses  the 
esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens. 

He  was  married  at  Cottage  Grove,  August  30, 
1884,  to  Mary  B.  Markley,  of  Oregon,  and 
daughter  of  David  Markley,  a  pioneer  of  1850. 
They  have  one  child,  Chester  R. 


— C$*+' 


mM 


<•*- 


»i()\.  JOHN  FLETCHEIi  CAI'LES  is  a 
well-known  lawyer  and  highly  re.ipected 
citizen  of  Portland.  He  is  a  native  of 
Ashland  county,  Ohio,  born  on  the  12th  of 
January,  18;52.  His  father,  Jlobert  I.  Caples, 
was  a  native  of  the  State  of  Maryland  and  was 
of  (iermaii  ancestry. 

Mr.  Caples,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  the 
Youngest  of  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living.  His  father  and  family  removed  to 
Seneca  county,  Ohio,  in  18l:J2,  soon  after  the 
birth  of  the  youngest  child,  and  there,  in  that 
new  country,  he  was  roared,  lie  attended  the 
little  district  school  three  months  in  the  year, 
(luring  the  winter,  and  became  inured  to  the 
hardy  life  of  the  Ohio  pioneer.  Later  he  was  sent 
to  the  Ohio  Western  I'liiversity  at  Delaware. 
After  this  he  read  law  with  Stevenson  6c  Alli- 
son in  liellefontaine,  Ohio,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1863.     He  practiced  law  in  Find  lay. 


Ohio,  until  185s,  and  then  removed  to  Warsaw, 
Indiana,  where  ho  continued  iiis  iiracticc  until 
180.").  He  came  to  \'anc(Miv(!r,  where  he  re- 
mained until  December,  18()ti.  and  then  came  to 
Portland,  where  he  has  conducted  a  successful 
practice  for  twenty-six  years. 

Mr.  Caples  became  a  voter  just  a  little  before 
the  birth  of  the  Repuiilican  party.  Ho  becaint^ 
an  enthusiast  in  his  opposition  to  the  extension 
of  slavery,  and  later  in  his  o|)position  to  seces- 
sion. During  his  whole  |)olitical  history  lie  has 
been  an  ardent  defender  of  Republican  (loctriiie. 
and  has,  in  every  presidential  campaign,  made 
powerful  and  effective  arguments  in  favor  of 
continuing  his  party  in  power.  Much  credit  is 
due  him  for  the  success  of  Republicanism  in  the 
State.  In  1872  he  was  elected  by  his  |)arty 
to  the  State  Legislatu'^e.  It  was  an  excitiiiir 
session.  A  senator  was  elc<'ted  and  a  bill  was 
introduced  to  sell  the  lock  and  the  dam  on  the 
Willamette  river  to  the  State.  This  bill  he 
ojiposed,  and  his  manly  course  at  that  time  has 
ever  since  been  a  source  of  congratulation  to 
both  himself  and  his  friends.  In  1878  he  was 
elected  District  Attorney,  covering  the  counties 
of  Multnomah,  Clackamas,  Washington,  Colum- 
bia and  Clatsop.  This  otlice  he  tilled  in  tlu* 
most  satisfactory  manner  for  six  successive 
years.  Since  then  he  has  continued  in  a  lucra- 
tive practice  of  the  law  in  Portland.  Ho  is 
now  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Ca])los, 
Hurley  it  Allor,  one  of  the  strong  law  firms  of 
the  city,  both  the'other  members  of  the  tirni  be- 
ing lawyers  of  high  reputation  and  ability.  Mr. 
Ca])leshas  from  time  to  time  invested  his  surplus 
means  in  city  pro[)erty,  which  has  materially 
advanced  in  value. 

In  1854  he  was  married, in  Champaign  county, 
Ohio,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Morrison,  a  luitive  of 
that  State  and  a  daught(M-  of  Mr.  F.  A.  Morri- 
son, originally  from  X'irginia.  This  union  was 
blessed  with  six  children;  the  eldest,  a  daughter. 
Carrie,  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  \V.  H.  Sayler.  of  Port-, 
land,  and  his  daughter, . I ennin  is  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  that  city.  Nellieis  the  wileof  Mr. 
K.  F.  Mathow,  and  resides  at  I'uttevillo,  Oregon; 
MoUie  is  the  wife  of  A.  M.  Anthony,  and  resides 
in  Los  Angeles;  Maggie  married  Mr.  Lee  Paget, 
and  resides  in  Portland. 

Mrs.  Caples  dieil  on  the  4th  of  December, 
1877,  and  Mr.  Caples  has  since  remained  single. 

In  1884  he  built  a  nice  residence,  .'^e\cnth 
Avenue  and  East  Park,  and  In  that  line  part  of 
the  beautiful  city  of   Portland  he  resides  with 


•ms 


nrsroRY  of  ohecon. 


\\ 


)iiH  dniigliter,  who    is  Btill  at  homo  with  him. 

Mr.  Caplcs  is  informed  on  nil  questions  of  tht' 
ilay,  itnd  is  a  woll  read  and  experionced  lawyer, 
and  a  very  fluent,  fori'il)le  and  eloquent  speaker. 
As  a  eiti/.en  lu^  is  reliable,  us  a  friend  he  is 
steadfast,  as  a  neighbor  he  is  kind-liearteil  and 
^cnorons.  Socially  he  isun  airreeable  ifentlenian. 
lie  loves  ( >regon  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  his 
fellow-citi/ens. 


••^ 


lU.  WALTER  EDWAIU)  CARfJ-,  one  of 
the  most  worthy  representatives  of  the 
medical  j)rofe8sion  in  Orej^on  City,  was 
iiorn  in  Chicopet!,  Massaciiusetts,  October  2(i, 
185S.  His  father,  .iason  L.  Carll,  was  born  in 
Elaine,  of  English  ancestors,  who  settled  in  this 
country  ])revions  to  the  Hevolutioii.  The  Doctor 
lias  in  his  jiossession  the  old  tiint-lock  musket 
and  spurs,  which  belonj^ed  to  iiis  ancestors,  who 
figured  in  the  war  for  independence.  Jlis 
grandfather,  Seth  Carll,  and  oTie  of  his  uncles, 
were  editors  of  the  Hoston  Hee,  and  so  on  down, 
the  family  have  been  able  and  influential.  The 
Doctor's  father  married  Miss  Malinda  II.  Hum- 
ham,  a  native  of  Maine.  She  also  was  of 
I'lnglish  ancestry,  who  were  early  settlers  of  the 
colon'";;.  Her  grandmother  was  Priscilla  Tar- 
box,  I"  longing  to  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
prominent  Massachusetts  fanjilies,  so  that  the 
Doctor  is  a  descendant  of  the  New  Englanders, 
whose  misguided  zeal  induced  them  to  burn 
persons  for  witchcraft,  but  who  amply  atoned 
for  their  fault,  when  this  same  enthusiasm  was 
directed  to  gaining  their  independence  in  the 
sanguinary  struggle  of  the  Uevolution.  His 
jiarents  had  but  two  children,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  and  a  daughter. 

The  Doctor  attended  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city,  and  later  attended  Harvard  College, 
where  he  took  the  special  medical  course,  and 
at  which  institution  lie  graduate<l  in  1885.  He 
then  sjient  a  year  in  travel,  visiting  Africa  and 
other  foreign  conntries,  and  finally  caiTie  to 
Oregon  in  I88t). 

The  first  two  years  of  liis  residence  in  this 
State  were  spent  in  Portland,  where  he  was  a 
member  of  the  medical  faculty 'f  the  State  Uni- 
versity. He  then  opened  an  otticp  in  Oregon 
City,  in  1887,  and  at  once  secured  a  lucrative 
practice. 


In  politics  he  is  a  Massachusetts-Jacksonian 
Democrat;  i.  e.,  is  an  advocate  of  Democracy 
as  expounded  by  the  brilliant  statesman,. I  ackson. 
His  father  was  a  Republican,  but  the  Doctor's 
first  vote  was  cast  for  Democracy,  when  that 
j)arty  was  greatly  in  minority  in  .Massachuuetts, 
there  being  still  a  few  old  men  in  that  locality 
who  hel .'  'o  the  old  traditions,  for  which  they 
weregr  despised.  For  this  reason  probably 
the  Do  ,  who  has  an  unbounded  sympathy 
for  the  ,1..  ier  dog  in  the  fight,  voted  that  ticket. 
As  he  grew  older  he  studied  the  ideas,  and  voted 
the  ticket  from  choice.  If  these  old  men  are 
yet  living,  they  must  bo  gratified  to  find  they  are 
not  now  in  the  minority,  especially  is  this  the 
case  in  this  city,  where  Democratic  magnates 
were  recently  elected.  These  incidents  go  to 
prove  that  the  Doctor  is  an  independent  thinker, 
such  as  it  becomes  an  American  citizen  to  be; 
for,  being  a  king  in  his  own  right,  it  behooves 
him  to  be  independent,  and  not  be  like  the 
oppressed  citizens  of  oligarchical  governments, 
where  all  are  exjiected  to  conform  to  a  certain 
pattern,  as  if  cut  by  the  same  die. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  Slate  Hoard 
of  Charities  and  a  thirty-second  degree  Scottish 
Kite  Mason. 

He  is  skilled  in  his  profession  and  loves  it, 
and  takes  pride  in  its  practice.  Ho  is  courageous 
in  undertaking  difficult  cases,  and  is  bound  to 
attain  fame  and  prosperity  in  his  chosen  calling. 


S.  ClIKISMAN,  one  of  the  enterpris- 
ing business  men  of  Cottage  Grove, 
*  was  horn  in  Andrew  county,  Missouri, 
April  19,  1847,  a  son  of  Campbell  E.  and 
Phebe  (Flannery)  Chrisman,  natives  of  Vir- 
ginia. (For  detailed  sketch  of  parents  see  biog- 
raphy of  G.  R.  Chrisman,  which  appears  else- 
where in  this  history.)  Mr.  Chrisman  crossed 
the  plains  with  his  parents  in  1851,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  nineteen  years  of  age. 
He  secured  a  common-school  education,  and 
performed  the  lighter  duties  of  the  ranch.  He 
was  married  at  Eugene  to  Miss  Caroline 
Hourne,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  a  daughter  of 
Charles  W.  Bourne,  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
185;5.  Immediately  after  this  event  he  settled 
on  a  farm  of  44-0  acres,  four  miles  west  of  Cas- 
well, the  tract  having  been  presented  to  him  by 
his  father;  he  engaged   in  farming  and  stock- 


UmroliY    OF    UllKOON. 


>.m 


raising  until  1870,  when  lio  wold  out  and  bought 
a  fHi-ni  of  (iOO  (U'lvs,  ton  miles  catt  of  Cuttaf^c 
(irovc;  hurc  he  i-ontinuuil  agricultural  |)urBnit8 
until  1870,  when  he  rented  his  farm  and  re- 
moved to  Kugone.  Here  a  new  enterprise  wan 
uiidcrtaktMi;  lu>  emharlved  in  the  haek  and  dray 
husinesK,  which  he  followed  until  1880.  Ue- 
inoving  to  Cottage  (irove  he  opened  a  harness 
shop  for  general  nianufactiirini;  and  repair 
work;  at  the  end  of  three  years  lie  sold  out,  and 
for  two  years  ^ave  his  attention  to  trade  in  heof 
cattle,  shippini;  from  Cottaj^c  (irove  to  Port- 
land. In  Juiuiary,  181)1,  he  started  the  New 
York  JJacket  Store  at  Cottai^e  Grovf,  handling 
a  general  assortment  of  furnishing  goods  and 
notions. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chrisuiiin  are  the  parents  of 
three  children:  William  Wesley  was  married  in 
October,  1889,  to  Miss  Annie  McFarfand ;  Mat- 
tic  is  the  wife  of  William  Kirk;  Ilattie  Iamui  is 
the  third-born. 

I'olitically  Mr.  Chrisman  is  identified  with 
the  Republican  part}',  and  is  very  active  in  the 
movements  of  that  body,  though  he  is  not  an 
otHce-seeker.  He  now  owns  a  farm  of  450 
acres,  besides  valuable  property,  both  improved 
and  unimproved,  at  Cottage  (irove  and  Eugene. 
lie  is  a  man  of  great  caution  in  liusine^s  affairs, 
and  is  possessed  of  excellent  judgment;  success 
has  attended  his  every  effort  and  rewarded  all 
his  labors. 

-^-.^.^{♦^^--^  _ 

fllAHLES  CLAG(iETT,  a  worthy  pioneer 
of  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  AVoodford  county, 
Kentucky,  born  Octobei'  13,  1818,  a  son 
of  Thomas  Claggett,  who  was  also  a  native  of 
the  Blue  (irass  State,  and  lived  and  died  tlure; 
the  paternal  grandfather  was  a  Virginian  and 
an  early  settler  of  Kentucky.  Thomas  Cllngiri'it 
married  Miss  Mary  Mason,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  to  them  were  born  seven  children, 
only  two  of  whom  survive,  William  and  Charles. 
Tlie  latter  is  the  subject  of  this  biographic:;! 
notice.  He  pas.sed  an  uneventful  youth  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  attended  the  common  schools. 
When  he  came  of  age,  in  1834,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  Mary  Irving,  of  Kentucky, 
and  they  then  removed  to  Missouri,  where  they 
resided  twelve  years.  In  1852  they  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams,  being  seven  months 
en  route,  and  arrived  at  Salem,  October  18, 
.        •  ea 


<!   Mr. 


into  the  country,  i 

ich  of  ^00  acres; 


1862.  They  went 
Claggett  took  a  (iovernnu'Ut  rand 
he  built  a  house,  imjiroved  the  laiul,  an<l  as  lie 
prospered  from  year  to  year  he  made  adiiitioiial 
purcnases  of  land,  as  his  neighbors  were  willing 
to  sell,  until  he  now  has  (100  acres;  this  land  is 
under  excellent  cultivation,  and  is  well  im- 
proved with    good,  substantial  farm   buildings. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Claggett  are  the  j)arents  of  leu 
children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living:  W.  I)., 
a  son;  and  Sally  II.,  the  i.ddow  of  Mr.  I'ugh. 
They  have  reared  two  granddaughters,  whoso 
mother  died  during  their  infancy;  one  marriecl 
and  the  other  is  keeping  hou.so  for  her  grand- 
father; the  death  of  the  grandmother  occurred 
August  13,  1889;  she  was  a  true  and  faithful 
wife,  and  for  fifty-five  years  boi-e  her  share  of 
the  burdens  of  life,  and  lightened  those  of 
others. 

Mr.  Claggett  divided  his  farm  among  his 
children,  retained  220  acres,  and  in  ls80  he  re- 
tired from  active  pursuits.  He  bought  a  pleas- 
ant residence  in  Salem,  where  he  is  surrounded 
with  all  the  comforts  of  life,  and  is  held  in  the 
highest  respect  by  all  who  know  iiim.  He  has 
led  a  life  of  industry,  has  attended  strictly  to 
his  own  affairs,  and  has  met  with  the  prosperity 
which  such  conduct  of  life  deserves,  lie  has 
always  been  straightforward  in  all  his  business 
dealings,  and  has  the  utmost  contideiKje  of  his 
fellow-Hien. 

Previous  to  the  late  civil  war  he  adhered  to 
the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party,  but 
since  that  time  he  has  cast  his  vote  with  the 
Kepublicans. 

^-^-^^ 

§ENRV  ClIiHSTIAN  came  to  Oregon  in 
1851,  and  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous 
and  enterprising  cai)italists  of  Indejx'nd- 
ence.  He  is  a  native  ol^  the  Isle  of  Man,  born 
July  27,  18:52.  His  parents  were  Patrick  and 
Mary  (Edwards)  Christian.  The  former  born 
on  the  Isle  of  Man.  the  latter  in  Eiiglund.  Mr. 
Christian's  father  was  an  officer  in  the  English 
navy  and  lived  to  be  eighty-eight  years  old,  while 
the  mother  was  nearly  a  100  when  she  died. 
They  had  eight  children,  of  whom  only  two  are 
now  living,  a  daughter  and  the  subject  of  our 
sketch. 

When  our  subject  was  fourteen  years  of  age 
he  went  to  sea  an4   sailed  nearly  all   over  the 


MO 


HisTniir  OF  oHEnoN. 


known  wurlrl,  and  wliilo  on  tlio  Marin  .Ioiiob, 
liound  for  l.unilnii,  tli(»  sliip  wiis  wreckiMl  in  tlio 
Indian  tic(<an,  in  a  8c|imll.  'riiirty-fivo  of  tlic 
BolditvfH  on  Ijoiird  wt'iesiitrnciitcd  Ijctwomi ducks. 
The  ship's  masts  wore  cari'itid  away  and  tlioy 
wero  driven  nineteen  days  in  that  condition, 
nntil  tlicy  reached  the  Isle,  of  France,  wiiere 
they  secured  iielp  and  were  tal<cn  in  port.  From 
liere  Mr.  Christian  retin'd  to  liiver|)o()l,  Kn- 
ghind,  hut  in  IHl'.l  cniicjrated  to  Now  ( >rleans, 
ami  came  from  there  hy  water  to  California. 
He  ininecl  at  Ueddinfj's  di^f;ings  and  met  witli 
ffreat  success,  hut  lo>t  his  money  in  |)rospcctinj>'. 
He  then  came  to  Vreka,  ('alifornia,  where  he 
took  out  a  f^rcat  deal  of  ^old.  Ho  then  came, 
hy  land,  with  pack  mules  with  (icneral.Fo  F.ane 
and  others,  and  arrived  at  Scoftshurj^  in  the 
eprinfT  of  ISol,  and  through  the  aid  of  Gov- 
ernor (iilihs  Mr.  Christian  took  tlie  two  lirst 
mail  contracts  from  Corvallis  to  ScottBhurg.  At 
that  time  post  offices  were  thirty  miles  apart, 
and  the  mails  were  so  small  that  ho  was  ahle  to 
carry  them  in  his  liroast  pocket.  There  were 
no  bridges  on  the  route  and  he  was  often  times 
obliged  to  swim  swollen  stieanis  at  the  risk  of 
his  life,  as  they  were  very  high,  but  during  the 
entire  three  years  ho  held  the  route  he  never 
missed  hut  one  trip.  Ho  then  engaged  in 
merchandising  in  Scottsburg  with  Jo  Moore  and 
tFack  Nei'kleson.  They  did  an  extensive  whole- 
sale business,  loading  pack  trains.  During  this 
time  he  took  up  HiO  acres  of  land  in  Douglas 
county,  and  in  1(^5(1  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Kmily  Tetheron,  daughter  of  Mr.  Sol  Tetheron, 
an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1S45,  who  took  up  his 
donation  claim  on  the  Luckamnte  river,  and 
died  in  his  seventy-sixth  year. 

After  the  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chris- 
tian they  returned  to  Polk  county,  in  1857  and 
took  a  pre-emption  claim  on  the  Luckamnte. 
seven  miles  west  of  Independence.  Here  he 
built,  improved  the  land  and  resided  for  nine 
years,  then  purchased  320  acres  of  Israel  Hedge. 
He  then  purchased  500  acres  of  land  in  Linn 
county,  and  resided  there  for  two  years.  lie 
again  sold  and  came  to  Polk  county,  and  pur- 
chased 400  acres  on  the  Luckamnte  and  .'{SO 
acres  of  Mr.  Bagley.  This  property  he  iin- 
i)roved  and  pureliased  .'UIO  acres  near  it,  and  now 
lias  'i'.tO  acres  on  the  Luckamnte,  which  is  in 
fine  condition.  He  has  been  very  successful  in 
his  land  deals.  In  1S8!)  lie  removed  to  Inde- 
pendence, where  he  purchased  a  good  residence, 
\n  which  he  resides,  lie  is  the  owner  of  several 


liUhinosB  bnildingR,  is  the  builder  of  the  ChriB- 
tian  House,  a  well  furnished,  well  kept  hotel 
near  the  depot. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Christian  have  had  five  daugh- 
ters anci  one  son,  as  follows:  Mary  Klla,  now 
Mrs.  Knoch  Cliamberlin;  Uhoda,  now  Mrs. 
William  Maker:  Isabella  married  another  Mr. 
Paker,  and  all  of  the  ahnve  reside  in  Polk 
county,  l)ut  Elizabeth,  now  married,  resides  in 
Portland;  Fvis  is  single  and  at  home.  Mr. 
Christian  has  always  been  a  I)emo(!rat  in  poli- 
ti(^s,  and  is  a  member  of  A.  <).  V .  W.  He  is 
one  of  those  men  who,  by  his  own  efforts,  has 
ac(juired  an  ample  fortune.  He  has  seen  a  gooil 
deal  of  the  world,  an<l  has  been  a  witness  to 
inncli  of  the  growth  and  development  of  his  State. 
Ho  is  still  an  active  business  man. 


fOLUMHUSCLKAVKK,  Assessor  of  Ma- 
rion county,  is  an  official  wliosc  record  re- 
flects great  credit,  not  only  upon  himself, 
but  also  upon  his  constituency.  He  was  born  in 
the  State  of  Illinois,  February  •>,  1845,  a  son  of 
Uenjamin  Cleaver.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
tucky, 
iss  lU 
birth;  they  removed  to  Illinois  in  1837,  re- 
maining there  ten  years.  Then  with  his  wife 
and  nine  children,  I'enjamin  Cleaver  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  making  the  trip  with  ox 
teams  ajid  wagons;  the  company  was  harassed 
by  the  Indians,  and  encountered  many  dangers; 
they  finally  arrived  in  Oregon,  and  Mr.  Cleaver 
settled  on  lands  in  Clackamas  county,  five  miles 
from  Oregon  City.  In  1840  they  removed  to 
JIarion  county,  and  si.\tecn  miles  northeast  of 
the  city  of  Salem,  took  up  a  section  of  Govern- 
iiient  land,  which  Mr.  Cleaver  improved  and 
occupied  as  a  home,  nntil  recently,  when  he  sold 
the  fartii  and  purchased  a  residence  in  Lebanon; 
eight  of  his  children  survive.  Columbus  Cleaver 
was  an  infant  of  two  years  when  he  was  brought 
to  this  State  by  his  parents;  he  was  reared  and 
educated  in  Marion  comity,  and  was  trained  to 
the  occupation  of  a  farmer. 

He  made  his  first  investment  in  land  in  1876, 
when  he  purchased  a  farm,  which  he  cultivated 
nntil  1881.  In  that  year  he  erected  a  ware- 
house at  Mount  Angel,  and  bought  and  sold 
grain  and  general  produce,  shimiing  to  Portland 
and  San  Frfincisco  markets.     In  1890  he  dis- 


Kentucky,  born  in  1804,  and  was  there  married 
to  Miss  UuclicI  Tompkins,  also  a  Iventuckian  by 


,1 


ni STORY    OF    ORKnON. 


001 


poHod  of  liis  ('i)iiiiiiei'(rial  iiitererits  at  Muiiiit 
Angel,  l)iit  still  rctiiinn  liin  ivitl  cstiite  tliero;  liu 
also  owns  Ifid  acres  of  laiiil,  wliicli  is  rented. 

Politically  Mr,  (!lcaver  aftiliates  with  the  Uc- 
liiibliean  party,  and  lias  given  it  his  stanch  sup. 
port,  sincn  lie  cast  his  first  presidentiul  vote  for 
the  world-reiinwned  patriot  and  soldier,  1.  S. 
(trant.  He  was  elected  to  the  otlice  of  County 
Assessor  in  Jnne,  18!K),  and  has  served  in  this 
capacity  with  unswerving  fidelity;  he  is  a  wise, 
careful  and  ohliginj^  officer;  is  thoroiigly  posted 
upon  the  value  of  property  in  the  county,  and 
his  conduct  of  the  business  in  connection  with 
this  ottict^  has  (fiven  general  satisfaction. 

Mr.  Cleaver  was  married  in  1870  to  Mies 
Nannie  I'eiidleton,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  to 
them  have  been  horn  six  children,  n'.i  natives  of 
Marion  couutv;  (iertrude  15.,  ArchieC,  Grace 
v.,  Charles,  E<lith  and  Karl. 

fllAULKS  II.  UrUGGUAF,  a  resident 
architect,  and  a  hij^h.ly  esteemed  citizen  of 
Salem,  Oregon,  is  a  iiativi'  of  Centralia, 
Marion  county,  Illinois,  where  he  was  born  in 
1860.  His  father,  J.  G.  Hurggraf,  is  a  native 
of  (icrinany,  and  was  a  pioneer  of  Illinois,  where 
he  was  engaged  as  an  archi  '  and  builder  in 
contract  work.  In  1884  he  inovijd  to  Nebraska, 
and  later,  in  1891,  he  iiujved  to  Salem,  Oregon, 
where  he  now  resides. 

Our  subject  waseduoateil  in  the  public  schools 
of  Illinois,  and  completed  his  studies  at  Hast- 
ings College,  Nebraska,  where  he  became  profi- 
cient in  surveying  and  engitieering.  After  this 
he  passed  a  year  in  the  study  of  drawing  and 
architecture,  and  opened  bis  first  otRco  in 
Hastings,  Nebraska.  He  decided  to  make  a 
specialty  of  public  buildings,  and  to  this  end 
secured  contracts  for  many  of  the  jitiblic-school 
buildings  and  churches  throughout  the  State. 
He  also  built  the  opera  houses  at  Ulysses  and 
David  City.  In  1890  he  moved  to  (irand 
,1  unction,  Colorado,  where  he  constructed  school 
buihliiigs,  banks  and  churches.  Again  remov- 
ing, in  April,  1891,  to  Salem,  where  he  now 
resides.  The  Catholic  (3onvoiit  in  St.  Paul,  this 
State,  was  planned  and  superintended  by  him. 
The  Yew  Park  public  school  of  Salem,  and  the 
secret  society  hall  of  tlie  P\  &  A.  M.  and 
Knights  of  Pythias,  at  Woodbnrii,  were  all  un- 
der his  management,  and  built  after  plans  drawn 
by  hini,  -       ^  \ 


He  was  married  in  1888  at  Hastings.  Ne- 
braska, to  Miss  Mattie  Adams,  a  native  of  Iowa, 
and  a  highly  educated  and  cultiviited  lady. 

Socially  Mr.  Hurggruf  is  a  memln'r  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias  and  Sons  of  Veterans,  being 
pnnninent  and  active  in  both. 

Although  his  residence  in  the  State  of  Oregon 
is  of  but  recent  date  still,  on  account  of  bis 
prominence  in  public  work,  ho  is  one  of  her 
representative  men,  a  notice  of  whom  is  neces- 
sary to  render  a  history  of  her  commonwealth 
complete. 


H.  lUIKEN,  although  not  a  pioneer  of 
the  State  of  Oregon,  is  worthy  of  rocog- 
*  nition  as  one  of  Salem's  representative 
business  men,  being  one  of  the  leading  fur.Mturo 
dealers  of  the  city.  He  was  born  in  St.  I.ouis 
county,  Missouri,  in  1839,  a  son  of  the  Kev.  .lohn 
J.  Huren,a  nativeof  'J't'iinessee,  who  emigrated  to 
Missouri  in  183,5  as  a  pioneer  missionary  of  the 
Methodist  Ejiiscopal  Church,  for  the  jiurpose  of 
establishing  Methodism  in  thcTerritory.  In  1810 
he  removed  to  (iniiidy  county,  .Missouri,  and  took 
up  160  acres  of  land,'whicli  he  cultivated  in  addi- 
tion to  his  ministerial  duties.  Our  subject  ac- 
quired his  education  at  Trenton,  (irundy  county, 
and  remained  under  the  jiareiital  roof  until  18()2. 
In  that  year  he  enlisted  in  (!oni|iauy  K,  First 
Missouri  Cavalry,  commanded  by  ('oloiiel  McKar- 
ren;  for  three  yeai's  he  was  engaged  in  guerrilla 
warfare  in  the  Missouri  DepartmtMit;  |)risoner8 
were  never  taken,  all  battles  being  fought  to  a 
tiiiish;  in  one  engagement  a  jiarty  of  thirty-six 
was  reduced  to  ten,  Mr.  Huren  being  one  of  the 
number.  He  was  in  many  skirmishes,  but 
escajied  being  wounded.  He  was  honorably 
discharged  at  Warrensburg,  Missouri,  after 
which  he  returned  to  his  old  homest(  ad  in 
(irundy  county,  to  resume  the  more  peaceful 
pursuit  of  agriculture. 

He  was  married  in  Davis  county  in  1860  to 
Miss  Mary  Robertson,  a  Kentuekian  by  birth; 
in  1867  they  removed  to  Trenton,  Missouri,  and 
Mr.  Huren  spent  three  years  in  learning  the  trade 
of  cabinet-maker.  He  then  opened  a  furniture 
store  at  Trenton,  ami  conducted  a  thriving  busi- 
ness until  1887,  when  he  sold  out  ami  came  to 
Salem.  He  purchased  the  furniture  business  of 
A.  T.  Yeaton,  and  he  and  his  sou  embarked  in 


002 


HIHTORY    OF   ORKOON. 


tiiiilc  iiiiilcr  tilt!  linn  nil f  A.  It.  liiiriMi  iV  Sun. 

Tlicy  kuep  ii  full  lint'  of  Iidum'IkiIiI  riirnitiin',  itnil 
liiivc  udilcil  M\  iiiiilt'i'tiiking  (lu|iartinuiit  tu  tlm 
linHitiuBH. 

Mr.  Hn<l  Min.  IJiiren  iiro  the  imicntw  of  ii 
fiiniily  of  two  cliiMi'en:  Mii.x  O.iinil  l.cijrt.  Mii\ 
( ).  wiirt  ('(liiwitL'il  lit 'I'ri'nton,  Mih>cnii'i,  iiinl  j^rcw 
nil  in  till'  fiiniitiini  liiiHin(':->,  iiociPiiiini;  tlinr- 
iiii^'lijy  i'liiiiiliiir  witli  all  its  ili'tiiils.  II(<  is 
u  v'oiiMg  inHM  iif  I'Mur^y  iinij  Hliiiity,  itiid  ^uiilfil 
liy  liis  fiitliiT's  (•.\|)L'rien(tu  anil  connsi-l,  is  certain 
ti)  I'l'ap  till!  |)rus|M'i'ily  liu  iloscrviM.  Mr.  |{uri!ii 
is  a  nit'nilii'r  uf  St'iiifi'wicii  I'list,  No.  10,  (i.  A. 
|{.,  and  of  (iriuid  iiivur  J^odj^o,  No.  ."jli,  I.O.  O. 
!•'.,  at  Tri'iiton,  MiMsoiiri. 


'^•■m-'m^ 


fl{()!'\.irSTLlS  mUNllAM,  i.rincipai  of 
tlie  ('oucii  Sl'IiiioI,  I'ortland,  wii«  liorii  at 
Soiitli  Ilarlior,  (JalcHloiiiii  cniinty,  Vernioiit, 
Marcl)  7,  iSiJS.  His  latlu'r,  iJin-.  David  15. 
■  I'.urnliaiii,  was  liorn  in  Wasliiiigtmi  I'Oiiiity,  that 
Stati',  and  was  during  liis  loni^  life  a  faithful 
minister  of  the  C^hristian  di'iioinination.  llo 
died  in  Decfinlicr,  18it0,  in  his  eiglitv-eii^lith 
year.  'I'hey  sj)riiiig  from  an  old  New  tngland 
fiiniily,  whose  first  emigration  to  this  country 
was  from  old  Kiigland  more  than  200  years  ai^o. 
The  graiidfatlicr  linrnham  was  a  soldier  in  our 
war  for  indcpeiidence.  and  lived  to  lie  ninety 
years  of  age.  The  ]inrnhams  wore  pcojile  of 
prominence  and  inthience  in  the  Kast.  twolicing 
mcinliers  of  Conirrt'ss.  and  many  of  them  min- 
isters of  considerable  einineiice  in  the  dift'ereiit 
religions  denominations.  Father  ISiirnlmm  went 
to  Wisconsin  in  1811.  seven  years  liefore  it  lie- 
came  a  State,  and  was  a  jiioiioer  and  a  leader  in 
anti-slavery  iind  other  irroat  ([iiestions  of  the 
counti'y.  lie  married  Miss  Livenia  Marsh,  a 
native  of  Massachusetts,  and  of  early  New  En- 
gland ancestry.  Hy  this  marriage  there  were  two 
children:  Justus  and  David.  The  latter  enlisted  as 
a  private  soldier  in  the  great  civil  war,  his  regi- 
ment being  the  Twenty-first  Wisconsin,  and  he 
served  through  that  struggle;  was  promoted  as 
First- lieutenant,  and  as  such  had  command  of 
Ids  company  while  his  captain  was  a  prisoner  of 
war.  He  is  now  a  banker  and  miner  in  Col- 
orado. 

I'rof.  Hurnham   was  educated  at  Waukegan, 
»nd  began  his  career  as  teacher  jn  the  district 


hcliooU  in  Illinois,  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan. During  tiie  latter  part  of  his  work  there 
lie  was  principal  of  the  school  at  liichland,  and 
also  taught   in  Wisconsin. 

In  IS.')',)  he  moved  to  Nevada,  and  reniainud 
there  until  18ti4.  engaged  in  mining;  this  was 
during  the  I'ike's  I'eak  excitement.  In  Decem- 
ber he  returned  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  married 
Miss  Marilla  Toiisley,  a  luitive  of  I'ainesvillo, 
(>hio,  and  they  had  fonr  children:  Allison,  Kal- 
ston.  Myrtle  H.  and  Louis  Agassiz;  the  last 
mentioned  died  when  eighteen  muntlis  old. 
After  nine  years  of  happy  married  life  Mrs. 
Murnham  died  in  October,  1878,  and  was  buried 
at  Waupaca,  Wisconsin,  where  both  his  parents 
are  buried.  After  his  marriage,  in  1801.  Mr. 
I'urnhain  engaged  in  teaching,  and  was  princiii.il 
of  the  Weyauwcga  iiublic  schools,  and  w  lo 
there  was  elected  (  ounty  Superintendeiii  of 
Schools,  whicli  otlice  ho  later  resigned  to  take 
charge  of  the  Wcyauwega  High  School;  but 
three  yiMirs  later  he  was  again  elected  County 
Superinteiideuf,  and  he  served  two  years,  and 
again  was  two  'ars  |irinci[ial  of  the  same  high 
school. 

In  1875  he  married  Miss  .letinie  E.  Snell,  of 
New  London,  Wisconsin,  and  a  native  of  the 
State  of  New  York.  In  1878  he  moved  to  La 
Crosse,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  principal  of  the 
city  schools  for  five  years. 

In  1883  be  came  to  Portland  and  was  ap- 
pointed principal  of  the  Couch  School,  which 
position  lie  now  holds  and  fills  most  acceptably. 

He  is  a  member  of  Willamette  Lodge,  l'\&.\. 
M.,  and  of  the  K.  of  P.,  and  takes  a  deep  inter- 
est in  every  thing  intended  to  advance  the  edu- 
cational interests  of  the  State.  He  is  President 
of  the  Schoolmasters'  Club,  of  Portland;  is  a 
member  of  the  Multnomah  I'oard  of  Examiners, 
and  is  prominent  in  institute  work  in  the  State. 
He  is  a  strong  man,  ranking  high  among  the 
teachers  of  Oregon.  Mrs.  Pnrnham  also  is  an 
efficient  teacher  in  the  Couch  Si'hool.  They 
hav(i  a  jileasant  home  in  the  city,  and  a  valuable 
ranch  in  Clark  county.  Wa.shington,  where  tlie 
Professor  is  taking  an  interest  in  horticulture. 

When  ho  left  his  work  in  the  East  he  came  to 
this  coast  very  highly  recommended,  bringing 
with  him  the  highest  regard  of  the  leading  edu- 
cators of  W^isconsin,  and  here  he  has  rapidly 
grown  in  the  esteem  of  the  people  of  this  coast. 
Continued  acijiiuintance  with  him  enhances  one's 
regurd  for  him,  as  it  reiiuires  a  long  time  todis- 


tIrsfoRY  Oh'  oni-UtoN. 


SM 


rern  IiIh  dontli.-..  lit;  liiis  it  tlioroii^lily  iiil'uriiiuil 
uiiil  (liHcipliiivd  iiiiml,  iit  ri|X'  in  i'\|)(iriuiic(',  in  ii 
Hiu>  judge  of  tlio  jrivvfi-it  mid  i'ii|i'icitios  of  liii* 
piipiU,  iind  lionet' liHM  II  iwciiliiirly  I'i^li  r^tuiidin^ 
in  cdncutiiiiiul  wnrk. 


H«^.4>4i-ef«^i 


(KOltOK  CO  I,  UN'S,  II  Hi, inly  MOM  of  New 
Kiigluiid,  wlios«  II  eentorc  with  iiiiiiilicred 
iiinun^  tliu  i'liritii  iH,  wiiit  liorii  in  Eiiiitport, 
Miiiiic,  in  18B(t.  Not  n'iii;^  nmrtul  in  tlui  liijiof 
luxury,  IiIm  iiilicritiincc  wiih  a  iiianlv  pliyBii|nc, 
ntrong  iind  niUHiMiliir,  and,  iit  tlio  agu  of  ten 
yeurg,  instead  o''  ciiltivatiiiir  liir*  mind,  lie  was 
put  to  Work  in  a  lirickyard,  and  lieijiod  siippoi-t 
the  fHiniiy,  iiis  only  tMliieatioiml  fauiiitieK  la'ing 
during  the  winter  iiiontim.  Tliiia  he  lived  until 
ho  reached  the  aj;e  of  «i\li'»'n  yearn,  when  lie 
went  to  l!atli,  Maine,  Icariiiiijf  there  tiie  trade  of 
hrirklaying  and  jiiasterini^,  which  he  followed 
until  lstl5.  when  he  -started  for  California  by 
steanicr  via  the  N  icariifiiia  route. 

ArriviiifT  jn  San  Kranciuco,  ho  resumed  his 
trade,  which  he  continued  until  the  spring  of 
1S67.  lie  was  then  married  to  Miss.lennie 
Hamilton,  a  native  of  ("anada.  'I'hcy  took  the 
steamer  tor  i'ortland,  Oregon,  when-  they  met 
Father  U'aller,  one  of  the  pioneer  mieBionaries, 
who  advised  Mr.  ('ollins  fo  settle  in  Salem, 
where  work  waa  plentiful  and  prices  high.  Act- 
ing upon  'liis  suggestion,  Mr.  Collins  visited 
Salem,  ami  there  mot  U.  C.  Myers,  also  from 
Elaine,  with  whom  our  suhject  formed  a  part- 
nership to  engage  in  contracting  and  building, 
and  they  immediately  began  operations.  Their 
first  contract  was  to  build  tlic  chimneyB  and  do 
the  plastering  of  seven  now  houses,  payment  for 
their  labor  to  be  made  in  brick  and  lumber, 
money  being  scarce  in  that  vicinitv.  In  the  fall 
of  18()7  they  secured  from  G.  \V.  (iray  their 
first  contract  for  a  brick  building  on  the  corner 
of  Liberty  and  State  streets,  and  in  18(58  they 
received  r.nother  contract,  which  was  for  the 
Ladd  &,  Hush  I^ank  building,  on  the  corner  of 
State  and  Commercial  streets,  in  the  meantime 
securing  other  smaller  contracts.  In  the  spring 
of  ISOy  the  partnership  was  dissolved  to  enable 
Mr.  Collins  to  accept  an  offer  made  liy  Major  if. 
P.  Berry,  wlio  was  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Oregon  State  Penitentiary,  to  take  charge,  as 
Warden,  of  the  convict  labor  at  the  State  brick- 
yard, where  he  was  employed    until   the    fall  of 


ISTH,  when  a  change  of  adiniiiitttratiiin  caused  a 
tiiange  of  olllcers.  lie  then  resumed  his  trade 
In  contract  work,  continuing  to  be  soemployecl 
until  the  fall  of  ISTI,  when,  in  partnciship  with 
Uritiith  »fe  Delaney,  he  engagcil  in  the  luitchcr 
liiii-ineHs.  lie  severed  his  connectiiiii  with  thiri 
tiriM  ill  |S7*J.  and  gt'ciired  a  contract  lo  make 
l,:t(l(l,()0(l  biick  fur  tli(>  Marion  county  coiirt- 
hoii.-e,  which  he  coiii|)!eted  in  the  spring  of  \^Ti. 
He  then  began  niuniifacturing  brick  by  contract, 
at  Itosebiirg,  and  siibsetjiiently  did  some  build 
ing  In  that  locality. 

In    the  fall  of  187M   he   returned    to  Salem, 
where    he    win    employed    as  Siipeiintendent  of 
( 'ongtriictlon   on  the  t  Iregon    State  House,  con 
tinning    thus  engaged    until  the  appropriation 
was  exhaiisted. 

lie  then  leased  the  State  bri.:kyard  and  con 
vict  labor,  and  made  brick  for  the  insane  asy 
liim,  the  Sciit(di  mill,  and  for  th(>  general  mar 
ket.  lie  continued  in  this  until  ISH'J,  when  the 
administration  again  became  Ke|)nlilicaii,  when 
he  was  offered,  and  accepted,  the  position  of  First 
Warden  of  the  State  I'eiiiteiitiitry,  under. I.  A. 
Stratton,  SuperintcMdeiit.  In  188:5,  during  a 
reM)lt  among  the  convicts,  Mr.  Collins  very 
nearly  lost  his  life,  but  by  coolness  and  self  pos- 
session, re  ('iiforce(l  iiy  otherassistants,  four  con- 
victs Were  killed  and  the  others  brought  under 
subjection.  He  continued  as  Warden  until 
lS8t  when,  upon  the  resignatiitn  of  Mr.  St  rat 
ton,  Mr.  Collins  was  appointed  Superintendent, 
which  oflice  he  filled  until  Feliruary  1,  1887. 
He,  too,  then  rcriigned  and  continued  his  former 
occuiiation  of  brick  manufacturing,  and  was  thus 
employed  until  the  spring  of  18811  when,  dur- 
ing the  boom  of  that  year,  he -old  out  his  several 
interests  and  retired  from  imsinefs,  and  has 
never  since  resumed  it. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Collins  have  but  one  child,  Fs 
ther;  their  only  son,  (ieorge   R.,  was  killed   in 
an   accident,  aged  nine  years,  his  loss  being  a 
Very  great  bereavement  to  his  parents. 

ilr.  Collins  has  built  a  haniisome  residence  at 
No.  iJOl  Church  street,  the  surroundings  of 
which  suggest  comfort  and  retiiienieut.  His 
grounds  are  tastefully  disposed,  and  planted  with 
(U'liamental  shriibs  and  trees,  making  a  ]ileas.int 
view  to  the  eye,  and  a  grateful  retreat  from  the 
sun's  too  ardent  beams  on  a  sultry  day.  Here 
ill  the  society  of  his  family,  composed  of  his 
faithful  coiniianioii  for  so  many  years  and  liis 
intelligent  (laughter,  he  enjoys  the  well-eiiriieij 
ease  of  so  many  years  of  lionc>t  and  severe  loil. 


*    il 


: 


m)4 


itlSTORT    OF    ORKaoN. 


He  is  still  a  wouderful  spepiiiien  of  rol)U(»t  man- 
hood, staiidiiiij;  as  lie  does  six  feet  two  and  Ihree- 
(|iiartei-  inches  in  height,  and  Iieing  otherwise 
(■oiTcspondiiifrly  pi'oportioneil. 

lie  is  a  prominent  and  highly  respected  mcni- 
herof  the  A.O.  l'.  \V.,us  Well  as  of  the  I.  (). 
().  F. 

All  who  |)eruse  the  sketch  of  his  life,  iriiist  lie 
Btronfrjy  impri^sscd  with  the  almost  supernatural 
sajriicity  of  the  man,  which  leads  ns  to  another 
tlionirht, — that  the  naturally  endowed  are  the 
most  endowed,  although  the  lienctits  of  trainin<j; 
and  culture  are  not  to  be  overlooke(l  or  passed 
liy  sliirhtinirly.  This  sagacity  has  never  failed  to 
lead  him  aright,  whether  it  was  tiie  choice  of 
right,  opposecl  to  all  forms  of  wrong,  C'  in  the 
iiiglier  realms  of  art  and  religion.  Truly  there 
is  nothing  great  in  man  but  mind. 

^-^-^ 

IgSOX.  HEN.IAMIX  V.  iU'IlCII.  a  pioneer 
aMJ  of  1845  and  the  jiresent  Receiver  of  the 
"^l  Land  Office  at  Oregon  (!ity.  has  a  wide  ac- 
([uaintance  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
settlement  and  history  of  Oregon,  and  is  as 
thoroughly  informed  on  Oregon  and  her  insti- 
tutions as  any  of  her  citizens.  lie  was  an  ac- 
tive partici|)ant  in  the  Indian  wai',  and  is  the 
uuHior  of  a  chapter  on  that  subject  recently  pul)- 
lished  in    the  History  of  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  Miircli  was  born  in  ("arlton  county.  Mis- 
souri. August  2,  18:i5.  His  father,  8amuel 
Hurch.  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  was  a 
midshipman  in  the  United  States  Navy,  and  was 
taken  prisoner  by  the  Knglish.  His  ancestors 
were  from  England,  and  were  early  settlers  of 
Maryland.  He  married  Miss  Kleanor  S  Lock, 
tlKMJaughter  of  AUra'iam  Lock,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia and  a  de-  •■iidan*  of  one  of  the  old  fami- 
lies of  that  Si  I  '.  Hi-  emigrated  to  Mis-oouri 
in  1818,  and  I"'.  Hurch's  lather  went  there  in 
1820.  They  were  niarried  in  Missouri  and  re- 
mained their  until  Ls47,  when  they  came  to  Ore- 
gon. Mr.  I'lircb  lost  his  life  in  a  steamboat  ex- 
plosion at  Oregon  City.  He  had  been  mai'ried 
twice,  had  three  children  by  iiis  first  wife  and 
eigiit  Ity  his  second.  Mr.  Hurch,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  a  son  by  the  second  wife.  Only 
five  of  tile  children  are  now  livit.g.  A  dangli 
ter,  Mary  Louise,  is  the  wife  of  .lames  A.  Foster, 
and  resides  in  Washington;  two  of  the  sons  are 
in  Folk  county,  this  State. 


In  18-J-5,  when  in  his  twentieth  year,  Mr. 
Hurch  'eft  his  home,  and,  with  :,  company  hav- 
ing a  train  of  fifty  wagons,  crossed  plain  and 
mountain,  to  Oregon,  tlie  journey  being  a  pleas- 
ant one.  They  arrived  in  Oregon  City,  Octo- 
ber 1(5,  1^4.").  Nfr.  Burch  went  to  Folk  county, 
and  taught  the  first  school  in  that  county.  Ho 
remained  there  two  years.  As  he  had,  upon 
leaving  home,  promised  to  return  in  two  years, 
he  started  on  his  way  back.  When  he  reached 
Hur  river  he  met  his  father  and  his  family,  and 
he  returned  with  them;  and  his  father  located  in 
Polk  county. 

When  tile  Cayuse  Indian  war  broke  out 
^[r.  Burch  enlisted  and  was  made  Adjutant  of 
his  regiment,  in  which  capacity  he  served  to  the 
clo.sc  of  the  war,  being  in  several  engagements 
and  witnesDicig  all  of  tliein.  They  vanquished 
the  red  savages,  and  it  was  "do  or  die,'"  for  if 
they  hud  been  beaten  they  would  have  been 
scalped  and  treated  even  worse  than  that.  While 
Mr.  Burch  has  much  sympathy  for  the  Indians 
their  extermination  became  a  necessity,  as  t'ley 
had  commenced  committing  dreadful  atroci- 
ties   oil   the  settlers,  men,  women  and  children. 

After  his  marriage,  in  1848,  Mr.  Burch  set- 
tleil  on  a  donati(m  claim  in  Folk  county,  in  a 
small  log  cabin,  and  began  raising  stock,  prin- 
cipally, and  as  time  passed  by  and  lie  prospered, 
he  erected  a  large  log  house,  with  a  half-story 
above.  Still  later,  in  1867,  he  built  a  frame 
house. 

In  the  war  of  1855-'5l3  Mr.  Biircli  served  as 
Cajitain  of  Company  B,  F'irst  Regiment  of  Ore- 
gon Mounted  Riflemen.  He  saw  much  service, 
.■\iid  the  Indians  were  again  overcome  and  driven 
from  the  country. 

In  18r)7  Mr.  Burch  was  elected  4  member  of 
the  State  (Jonstitutional  Coii>entioii,  and  took 
jiart  in  the  formation  of  the  State  Constitution. 
.Vs  soon  as  the  State  was  admitted  into  tlie 
I'nioiihe  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  Leg- 
islature, and  was  a  participant  in  the  enactment 
of  the  first  State  statutes.  In  1S08  he  was 
elected  to  tlie  State  Senate  and  served  four  years. 
He  was  appointed  by  (iovernor  Chadwick  to  the 
position  of  Superintendent  of  the  State  Peniten- 
tiary, in  wiiich  caj)acity  he  serv'ed  two  years. 
He  then  returned  to  his  farm,  in  1887  he  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  iveceiver  of  the  Land 
Office,  in  which  he  is  still  serving.  His  term  has 
now  nearly  expired,  and  he  intends  to  return  to 
bis  farm  in  Folk  county,  which  he  took  from 
the  (rovcrnment  forty-four  years  ago,  and  which 


■nlsToiiY  OF  oitRnns. 


!li(.T 


hu  huij  liad  the  goud  auiisu  tu  kee|>  uti  u  fitting; 
reiiiembraiice  of  his  pioneer  days.  Duriiijj;  \\\> 
service  as  Receiver  of  tin'  l>aiid  <  >flic'('  iii;  lias 
handled  S2,00(),0<»0  for  the  (ioverniiient,  and, 
witii  liis  colU>ajfues  in  tiie  office,  has  wisely  set- 
tled many  land  '•'.aims,  lie  has  been  a  pains- 
taking and  valuable  public  otticer;  and  on  his 
h)ng  public  career  there  is  not  a  single  tarnish. 
That  is  Lrlory  enough  for  one  lifetime. 

Mr.  Burch  is  Past  iNfaster  of  the  Masonic 
lodge,  and  he  has  been  a  life-long  member  of 
the  A[ethodist  Church.  lie  is  widely  ac(juaintod 
in  Oregon,  and  has  made  many  friends.  He  has 
merited  the  esteem  and  success  which  he  has 
attained. 

September  10,  1848,  is  the  date  of  his  mar- 
riage to  Miss  Eliza  Davidson,  who  for  forty- 
four  years  has  been  his  faithful  and  devoted  pio- 
neer wife,  and  is  still  in  the  enjoyment  of  good 
health;  shai'ing  his  joys  and  sorrows.  She  was 
born  in  Kentucky,  in  1828,  the  daughter  of 
llezekiali  Davidson,  who  came  to  Oregon  with 
his  family  in  1847.  Mr.  aiul  Mrs.  Burch  have 
had  seven  children,  only  two  of  whom,  however, 
were  brought  up  to  years  of  maturity,  and  only 
one  of  them  is  now  living.  Samuel  W.  married 
Miss  Hill,  had  one  son,  .lohn  Kllis,  and  died 
March  12,  1882,  in  Washington  Territory.  His 
wife  died  when  the  son  was  eleven  months  old; 
the  latter  now  lives  with  his  grandparents,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  and  is  as  their  own  child. 
Henjamin  F.  Unrcli,  Jr..  resides  on  the  farm  at 
Independence,  Polk  county. 


-«-<S^M<m|g*4^ 


fj^ 


fE.  OOI,HEUN,  a  substantial  farmer  of 
I'matilla  county,  was  born  in  Miller 
*  county,  Misso\iri,  Decembei-  5.  184C, 
lie  was  the  sixth  child  of  a  family  of  soven  born 
to  James  ('olbern,  a  native  of  T^nnesseo,  who 
married  Jane  Templin.  Mr.  ( 'olbern  died  in 
Missouri  April  17,  1802,  but  his  wife  survived 
liim  until  September  8,  1889,  when  she.  too, 
died,  aged  eighty  years. 

'i'he  subject  of  this  sketch  lived  at  home  with 
his  parents  upon  the  farm  until  the  last  year  of 
the  war  when,  he  being  then  old  enough,  joined 
Price's  command  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war,  having  partici|)ated  in  all  of  Price's 
raids  through  Missouri.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  came  home  and  farmed  as  long  as  he  re- 
mained in  Missouri.      In  this  State  he  was  mar- 


rie.l  to  Miss  Aunmda  Mosley  ( >ctober  12,  l>>7.i. 
Slio  was  born  in  .Arkansas  March  24,  1S.")3, 
daughter  of  Parkesand  Martha  (Pearsoi  Mosley, 
the  former  of  whom  is  still  living  in  Missouri, 
but  the  latter  died  in  18()'2.  Mrs.  Oolberii  is  a 
very  highly  accomplished  lady,  and  makes  a 
happy  lionuf  for  her  husband.  Not  having  any 
children,  they  adopted  a  little  boy,  named 
Charles  Coles,  whom  they  regard  as  their  own 
child. 

After  marriage  our  subject  and  his  young 
wife  crossed  the  plains,  in  1874,  to  Oregon,  with 
a  mule  team,  making  the  trip  in  four  months. 
Their  first  settlement  was  made  in  I'aker  county, 
where  they  lived  four  years,  and  then  came  to 
I'matilla  county  and  entered  a  homestead  of  KiO 
acres,  where  they  have  since  nnule  their  home. 
To  the  original  farm  they  have  added  land  until 
they  now  have  )i2()  acres,  situated  four  and  one- 
half  miles  northwest  of  Athens,  where  iu'  has 
built  a  fine  residence.  He  hamlles  some  stock 
in  connection  with  his  farming.  Although  he 
started  out  in  life  with  nothing,  he  has  worked 
his  way  to  the  to|),  until  now  he  has  sullicient 
to  live  in  comfort  ami  pleasure  in  the  home  he 
and  his  wife  made  by  their  own  industry.  He 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  is  liiiddy  esteemed 
by  all. 


fC.  GOLEMAX,  a  well-known  citizen  of 
Sheridan,  Oregon,  has  long  been  a  resi 
*  <lent  of  this  coast,  having  come  here  with 
the  original  Fiu'ty-nincrs  in  ([ucst  of  gold. 

Mr.  (Joleman  was  horn  in  Kentucky  April  I, 
1S28,  son  of  X.  P.  Colenum.  who  was  born  in 
the  same  State  Jidy  7.  ITUi*.  (iriindfatlier 
William  Colenum  was  born  in  Virginia  I  ><'ceni 
her  0,  170s,  ami  great-grandfather  Henry  ('(de- 
man,  also  a  iHiti\e  (^f  Virginia,  was  Ixrni  Decem- 
ber 12,1744.  Henry  Ooleman  rendereil  clli 
cient  service  as  a  K<'\olntiouary  suldier.  His 
father,  William  ("olenian,  was  liorn  in  England, 
and  einigr,ite<l  to  Boston  in  the  year  1(571. 
N.  I'.  Coleman,  father  of  our  sid)ject  was  mar- 
ried, in  1821,  to  Miss  .^ythia  ('liinn.  daughter 
of  Hon.  John  ('liinu.  llei'  grandmotlwr  was  a 
sister  of  (teiieral  (Jcorge  Washington's  niDther. 
.\.  M.  (Vileman  was  a  promitient  lawyer  anci 
politician,  was  several  times  a  member  of  the 
Kentucky  Eegislaturc,  and  was  a  popular  can- 
iliilate  for  the  (fnited   States  Senate  at  the  time 


-       ftl 


us    I 


mn 


irisTOHi'  OF  oiitanoN. 


of  liiri  (luiilli.  IIu  (lic(l  (if  cIkjIui.'i  ill  ls;}3.  Mr. 
mid  Mrs.  ( 'ukMriiui  luul  iivu  cliildriMi,  of  whom 
only  two  arc  now  living,  nainoly:  Williaiii  T. 
(Joleiimn,  one  of  ('aliforniii's  most  proininciit 
jiioneers,  ami  a  widely  known  and  liiglily 
e.^^tciitned  iiieroliantof  Sun  Francisco;  and  Dewitt 
Clinton  ('olcnian. 

'J'lie  siibji't't  of  0111'  skc^tcli  remained  in  Ills 
native  Stato  until  lie  was  tliirteen.  when  he  went 
to  St.  Louis  and  learned  the  carjionters'  trade. 
In  184!)  he  and  his  hrotlior  crosaed  the  plains 
to  California,  arriviiifr  in  tlie  new  El  Dorado  of 
the  West  on  tlu^  4tii  of  Aujjnst.  They  went  to 
the  mines  at  "Ilangtown";  mined  a  short  time, 
and  then  started  a  miners'  supjily  store  nnder 
the  tree  on  wliich  some  rohhers  were  iiiing. 
Tliis  incident  of  tlie  hanging  gave  the  town  its 
name.  There  they  did  a  successful  business 
until  sjiring,  when  they  chanired  their  seat  of 
operation  to  San  Francisco.  In  .laniiary,  1851, 
I).  C.  Coleman  came  to  Portland  on  business, 
making  only  a  short  stay  this  time.  In  April, 
ISJii,  again  landiii}^  in  I'ortland,  he  opened  a 
general  inerehandii-e  store,  and  established  him- 
self in  business.  July  15,  1853,  he  b(!gan  the 
erection  of  the  first  brick  store  buildino;  in  Port- 
land, completed  it  by  the  1st  of  Novomber,  and 
at  once  moved  his  stock  into  it.  In  18(')8  ho 
came  to  Vain  Hill  conntv.  and  for  one  year  had 
charge  of  the  Cotnineivial  Flouring  Mill  at 
McMiniiville.  In  1X70  ho  came  to  Sheridan. 
This  town  was  then  just  starting,  and  during 
the  years  of  his  residence  hero  he  has  done  his 
part  toward  advancini^  its  j^rowth  and  develop- 
ment. He  has  erected  several  buildings,  and 
lias  dealt  in  lumber  and  buildcis'  materials.  In 
1882  he  built  the  pleasant  home  in  wliiidi  he 
now  resides.  He  has  served  several  terms  as  a 
.lustice  of  the  Peace  and  as  a  member  of  the 
City  Council  also.  In  later  yeais,  however,  he 
has  declined  otlice.  During  President  Clove- 
land's  '.(Iministratioii  he  served  as  Postmaster 
of  Sheridan. 

In  March,  185)!,  ju>t  previous  to  coming  to 
Portland  to  eiiiragc  in  business,  he  was  married 
at  San  Francisco  to  Miss  Mary  .\.  Warren,  a 
native  of  l!o,-ton.  and  a  daughter  of  William 
Warren.  Thev  had  three  children.  The  oldest, 
William  W.,  is  now  a  renident  of  San  Fr;incisco. 
The  secnml,  JMlward  W.,  died  in  his  thirtieth 
year.  Tho  daughter  died  in  her  second  year, 
and  in  18t)8  tluMlevoted  wife  and  loving  mother 
passed  away.  Seven  years  later,  in  1875,  Mr 
Coleman  married  Miss  Martha  Sargent,  a  native 


of  Vam  Hill  comity.  Her  father,  I'hilip  Sar- 
gent, came  to  Oregon  in  1851,  and  took  up  a 
donation  claim  in  Polk  county,  where  he  lived 
an  honorable  life,  and  where  he  ilied  in  18(51. 
Her  mother  died  in  1890.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cole- 
man have  one  child,  Pearl. 

Mr.  Coleman  was  made  a  Master  Mason  in 
Sheridan  Lodge,  No.  <)4,  in  18'^8,  since  wliich 
time  lie  has  been  proiiiinently  identified  with 
the  fraternity.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
chapter  at  McMinnville. 

s^-^^-«-i%* 

fAMES  A.  COCHUAN,  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  farmers  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
„,^  and  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1857,  was  born 
in  Monroe  county.  Michigan,  .lanuary  15,1844. 
His  ancestors  were  Scotch,  who  settled  in 
America  previous  to  the  Revolution.  His 
father.  Thomas  M.  Cochran,  was  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  married  Miss  Xancy  Clark, 
a  native  of  New  York,  who  was  a  daughter  of 
Samuel  Clark,  a  Revolntiiinary  soldier.  Soon 
after  their  marriage,  the  young  couple  removed 
to  Michigan,  where  five  children  were  born,  all 
now  living. 

In  185"J  the  fatluT  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, making  the  journey  with  tlie  customary 
ox  team  of  the  pioneer  of  that  day,  his  object 
being  to  seek  a  home  for  his  family  in  the  ex- 
treme West,  having  beaiil  of  the  advantages  of 
soil  and  climate  of  that  far-away  country,  and 
desiring  to  test  for  himself  the  validity  of  those 
roseate  reports.  Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon, he  took  a  donation  (daim  of  320  acres, 
locatecl  in  Tillamook  county,  on  which  he  re- 
sided alone  for  two  years,  when  he  loft  it  and 
came  to  Yam  Hill  county,  whore  ho  worked  at 
carpentering,  and  by  economy  saved  sufficient 
means  to  send  for  his  family. 

In  1857  the  mother  and  five  childron  came  to 
Oregon,  via  the  Isthmus,  arriving  at  their  des- 
tination in  June,  when  their  mooting  with  the 
I'athvr  and  liusbaiid,  from  whom  they  had  been 
separated  for  live  years,  was  a  most  joyous  one. 

With  renewed  hope  the  family  settle<l  at 
Amity,  where  they  ojiened  a  hotel,  being  the 
|)ionoor  hotel-keepers  of  tlie  town.  Here  they 
continued  for  two  years,  when  they  juircliasod  a 
farm  located  two  and  a  half  miles  south  of 
Amity,  which  thoy  frtrino<l,  the  father  doing 
also  considerable  carpentry  work. 


I  m 


Uf STORY    OF    OtiEOON. 


097 


After  ten  years'  tliey  removed  to  Grande 
Ronde,  wliere  the  fatlier  worked  at  carpenter- 
ing for  tlie  (loveriiinent,  and  also  tanglit  tlie 
trade  to  tlie  Indians.  J.,atei'  ho  and  his  family 
retnrned  to  Amity,  where  lie  sold  his  farm  and 
purchased  property  in  Amity,  on  which  he  built 
a  conifortalilo  residence,  and  where  the  family 
resided  until  1882,  when  the  faithful  and 
devoted  husliaiid  died.  He  was  universally 
esteemed  on  account  of  his  many  sterling  ipiali- 
ties  of  mind  and  heart,  lie  was  a  consistent 
niemher  of  the  Methodist  (<liiircli,  to  which  he 
had  belonged  from  early  boyhood,  ami  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  that  church  i".  Amity,  in 
the  welfare  of  which  ha  took  a  jirominent  and 
deeply  interested  part.  His  faithful  wife  still 
survives  him,  and  is,  in  1892,  enjoying  j^ood 
health,  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  her  age, 
greatly  revered  and  beloved  by  her  chihh-en  and 
grandchildren,  as  well  as  by  hosts  of  tried  and 
trne  friends. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  next  to  the 
yonngest  child,  and  was  thirteen  years  of  age 
when  he  accompanied  liis  mother  and  the  rest 
of  the  family  to  Oregon,  lie  was  raised  to  ma- 
turity in  Yam  Hill  eoiinty,  attending  the  dis- 
trict schools  jf  that  vicinity,  and  when  eighteen 
years  of  age,  went  to  the  mines  on  Salmon  river, 
where  he  was  fairly  successful,  and  where  lie 
remained  for  a  couple  of  years. 

In  the  fall  of  18(54  he  enlisted  in  Company 
B,  First  Oregon  Infantry,  which  was  afterward 
sent  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  the  company  was 
engaged  in  several  tights  with  the  Indians,  lie 
remained  in  the  service  until  July  20,  186(5, 
when  he  was  honorably  discharged,  the  war 
being  terminated. 

After  his  return  he  married  Miss  Melissa 
Garrison,  an  estimable  lady,  and  the  daughter 
of  the  Kov.  A.  E.  Garrison,  an  able  Methodist 
minister  and  an  honored  ( )regon  pioneer.  -Vfter 
marriage  the  young  couple  experienced  hard 
times,  and  were  obliged  to  work  and  economize 
in  order  to  make  a  living. 

In  the  fall  of  18T7  they  removed  to  Wliit- 
Viian  county,  Washington,  wliere  Mr.  Coehraii 
took  up  a  Government  claim,  on  which  he 
worked  a  few  years,  and  secured  three-quarters 
of  a  section  of  some  of  the  choicest  fanning 
lands  in  that  State.  Mr.  Garrison  left  100 
acres  of  his  donation  claim  to  his  daughter, 
when  Mr.  Cochran  and  wife  rented  their  own 
claim  in  Washington,  and  came  to  reside  on  her 
land.      Later  Mr.  Cochran  sold  his  Washington 


property,  and  purchased  from  the  heirs  the  bal 
aiice  of  Mr.  Garrison's  donation  claim,  all  of 
which  they  now  own,  and  on  which  they  are 
farming  succe^s^ully.  the  land  being  devoted 
principally  to  griin,  hops  and  frnit-raising. 
Forty  acres  compr.'e  a  most  excellent  orchard, 
containing  |inines,  ,;pples,  peaches  and  plums; 
thirty  aci'es  are  devoted  to  hon-raisiiie-,  while 
HOO  acres  are  devoted  to  the  lirowiiiir  ot  wheat. 
'I'hey  have  bestowed  very  great  care  on  the  cul- 
tivation of  this  lanil,  and  the  fertile  soil  has 
am|)ly  rewarded  their  persevering  etforts,  by 
yielding  abundant  crops  of  the  finest  cereals 
and  friiH  in  the  country,  until  they  are  now 
well  provided  with  this  world's  goods,  of  which 
they  had  so  little  when  they  commenced  life 
together. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cochran  have  had  five  chil- 
dren, four  now  living;  .lames  Edwin,  the  eldest, 
is  married  and  resides  on  the  home  farm  ;  Ralph, 
who  was  a  most  promising  young  man,  died 
aged  twenty-one  years;  (Jrace  Irene  is  the  wife 
of  Mr.  J.  .Martin,  and  resides  in  Amity; 
Margaret  Elizabeth  Lloyd  and  Hei'tha  are  at 
home. 

Mr.  Cochran  is  a  Republican  in  iwlitics,  and  is 
deeply  interested   in  the  welfare  of  his  ('(iiintry. 

He  and  his  wife  and  older  children  are  worthy 
members  of  the  Methodist  Church  at  .\niity, 
and  are  now  aiding  in  the  building  of  the  new 
church  (edifice. 

Thus  is  exemplified  what  hopeful  hearts  and 
willing  hands  can  accom|ilisli,  when  siipple- 
inenteil  by  a  richly  productive  soil,  such  as  that 
possessed  by  the  inagnific(>nt  commonwealth  of 
Oregon, <in  whose  bnjad  bosom  many  nobUi  sons 
and  daughters  of  the  State  live  in  happiness 
and   prosperity. 

J[S^RANr)VILLK  II.  l!AnKR,an  honest  pio- 
Kfey  ncei',  and  one  nt'  the  first  settlers  of  Linn 
Jjjn  coutity,  arrived  at  Oregon  City  November 
10,  1845.  He  is  a  native  of  \'irginia,  born  on 
the  14tli  of  February,  1817.  His  father,  .lames 
Baber,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1788,  and  his 
grandfather,  William  Raber,  was  also  a  Virgin- 
ian. The  ancestors  of  the  family  were  from 
England.  They  r-ettled  in  .Vmeriea  early  in  the 
history  of  tli2  ■  oiiiitry.  Mr.  Raber's  father 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Chewing,  of  V^irginia. 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  Adas  Chewing,  a  \irgiii- 


!)!)S 


ntsTollY    OF    (>fi/S00}f. 


U 


Imii.  iilxp.  He.  too,  ilcsi'ciidi'ii  tVolri  oiK^  of  tlic 
eiiily  settlers  of  the  country.  Mr.  BaberV  fatlicr 
and  six  l)rotliers  were  in  tiie  war  of  1812,  and 
wtM'e  stationed  at  Norfolk.  Mr.  Hahcr's  parents 
had  four  children,  and  all  are  now  li^inir.  'I'lic 
mother  died  in  West  Vir<riiiia  in  18.")0,  and  Mr. 
lialxT.  Sr..  survived   liis  wife  some  eight  years. 

(i.  II,  Halier,  the  suhject  of  this  .--ketclj,  the 
eldest  son,  was  reared  in  West  V^ii'i^inia.  and 
edu<'ated  there  until  he  left  for  the  far  West  in 
18-11.  He  settled  on  the  last  purchase  made 
from  the  Lone  Indians  in  Jefiersoii  county, 
Iowa. 

Two  years  later  he  niarrie<l  Miss  Elizabeth 
Jane  Knox,  of  I'ennsyNania.  In  1845,  with  his 
wife  anil  her  father  and  family,  he  crossed  the 
plains  tor  Oregon,  where  they  conld  secure  vast 
tracts  of  valuable  land  if  they  would  settle  on 
the  land.  When  they  urrive<l  at  Oregon  City 
they  wintered  there,  and  then  went  to  Linn 
county,  where  they  were  the  first  settlers.  His 
father-in-law,  .lames  Knox,  Amlersoii  Cox,  two 
men  mimed  Ke<'7„  a  Mr.  Hale  and  Mr.  I'aber 
went  there  in  the  spring  of  184-().  They  settled 
at  Kno.x  Hutte,  the  |)lace  taking  its  name  from 
his  father-in-law.  Mr.  I'aijer  secured  a  mile 
s(|uaroof  land  ad  joining  Mr.  Knox's.  The  latter 
lived  on  his  claim  and  improved  it,  until  his 
death,  in  IHVi.  They  orouglit  with  them  four 
sons  and  four  daughters,  and  this  donation 
claim  is  >till  owned  in  the  family;  Mr.  I'aher's 
was  on  the  uorth,  adjoining  Mr.  Knox's.  He  re- 
siiled  on  his  claim  twelve  years,  and  then  moved 
into  the  town  of  AUiany,  .'ind  was  engaged  in 
money-loaning.  He,  in  1883,  sold  out,  and 
putting  his  money  at  interest,  has  since  lived  on 
his  inconu',  but  he  continues  as  a  money-lender. 

Mrs.  I'.aber  died  in  1874.  They  had  no  chil- 
dren. In  1875  he  married  Miss  Wilhelmina 
K' rouse,  (if  (iermany,  who  had  come  to  Oliio 
when  a  child.  Two  daughters  have  blessed  thio 
uniiin:  I.iverne  II.  and  .Josephine,  Ixtth  resiiling 
with  their  parents. 

After  residing  in  Linn  county  for  thirty- 
seven  years,  in  18>i3  Mr.  Haber  removeil  with 
his  family  to  the  beautiful  city  of  Forest  Grove, 
and  pui'chased  a  nice  home  and  there  resides.  In 
his  vdungerdavs  he  was  a  memiicr  of  several  of 
the  >ecret  societies,  liut  in  his  1,'iler  years  heiloes 
not  give  them  much  attention.  In  his  youth  he 
was  rt  Whig,  aiul  later  became  a  Uepublican, 
and  he  has  the  honor  of  being  the  first  County 
Judge  of  Linn  county,  and  served  in  that 
caiiacity  with  distinction  for  three  years.      Not- 


witlihtan<ling  that  he  was  raised  in  the  South, 
when  theqiiestionof  secession  and  disunion  arose, 
he  said:  "My  people  are  wrong,  and  I  will  not 
uphold  them  in  it.  As  a  loyal  citi/en  it  is  my 
duty  to  use  my  influence  on  the  side  of  my 
(Tovernment."  I>y  taking  this  honorable  course 
he  secured  the  high  esteem  of  every  lover  of  his 
country.  The  n)ost  gratifyiiig  reflection  on  his 
past  life  is  that  there  was  never  any  stain  of 
secession  on  his  garments.  It  is  now  (18'>t2) 
forty-nine  years  since  he  came  to  Oregon,  and 
most  wonderful  have  been  the  changes  which 
have  taken  place  during  that  time.  When  he 
first  saw  Portland,  in  1845,  it  had  one  small 
house  built  on  poles;  now  it  is  a  great  city  of 
80,000  people,  the  metropolis  of  a  great,  wealthy 
and  prosperous  State;  then  it  was  a  wilder- 
n<,6S.  He  came  to  Oregon  in  search  of  choice 
land,  and  found  what  he  wanted,  and  by  per- 
sistent and  intelligent  effort,  his  wildest  bo])ee 
have  been  realized.  He  has  just  cause  to  be 
|)roud  of  Oregon,  as  a  great  deal  of  her  pros- 
perity is  due  to  him,  whom  all  his  fellow-citizens 
regard  as  one  of  their  most  worthy  pioneers. 

A.  IjAKEU,  one  of  the  leading  and 
influential  citizens  of  Weston,  was 
o  born  in  New  London  county,  Con- 
necticut. August  28,  1848.  His  father.  James 
W.  Haker,  was  also  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
where  he  nnirried  Miss  Elizabeth  Butter,  of  the 
same  State.  I!y  occupation  Mr.  I'aker  was  an 
oil  refiner,  and  at  one  time  was  very  wealthy, 
bo  and  Mr.  Piatt  being  the  leading  oil  men  of 
those  days.  He  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  oil 
country  iind  moved  to  lirooklyn,  .New  York, 
where  he  now  resides.  He  and  his  wife  had 
nine  children,  three  of  whom  are  still  living, 
two  at  home,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

(•ur  subject  was  tin-  fourth  child  in  order  of 
birth,  and  secured  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  State,  until  he  was  thirteen 
years  of  age.  In  September,  1801.  he  eidisted  in 
the  luival  service,  (ui  board  of  the  .\tlantic,  under 
('aptain  William  Ilrown,  commanding,  now  the 
Naval  Librarian  in  the  city  of  Washington,  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  Mr.  I'aker  served  over  three 
years  on  the  water,  raising  blockades  and  hunt- 
ing down  the  rebel  gunboats  on  the  Atlantic  and 
(rulf.  After  his  three  years'  service  he  was 
ilischarged,  March,  18(54,  and  he  went  to  Texas 


BiHfORY    Oh'    OliKaoN. 


m 


and  New  Nfexico,  wliere  lie  rctiniiiiieil  twelve  to 
fourteen  years,  teaching  school  aiul  contracting 
ou  the  railroails,  being  engaged  on  the  tirst  one 
that  ever  came  to  Texas.  In  IHSo  he  removed 
to  Oregon,  and  settled  at  Weston;  at  first  engag- 
ing in  painting,  a  trade  he  had  learned  in  Texas, 
but,  although  he  did  very  tine  work  in  that  direc- 
tion, he  abandoned  it  to  take  charge  of  the 
Weston  Leader,  a  paper  that  would  be  an  honor 
to  a  much  larger  town  than  Weston.  This 
paper  he  edited  and  managed  for  three  years, 
building  it  up  and  making  it  a  .very  bright 
paper,  and  one  the  surrounding  country  is  proud 
of.  Mr.  Baker  is  one  of  Weston's  leading  citi- 
zens, having  served  aa  Justice  of  the  I'eace  for 
several  years,  (jity  Recorder,  Councilman,  and  in 
1888  received  the  nomination  for  Kepresenta- 
tive  of  Umatilla  county,  and,  although  the 
county  is  largely  Democratic,  he  was  only  beaten 
by  thirteen  votes,  lie  declares  that  it  is  a  fact, 
of  which  he  is  extremely  proud,  that  he  was 
able  to  make  so  good  a  race  in  a  Democratic 
county.  In  March,  1892,  he  was  appointed 
storekeeper  and  ganger  of  the  distillery  of  his 
district,  which  position  he  still  retains. 
■  In  1880  he  was  married  to  ^liss  Jennie  Tal- 
bott,  of  Texas.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'aker  have  four 
children,  namely:  James,  Maud,  l^enjamin  and 
May.  lie  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.,  in 
which  he  has  passed  the  chairs,  and  he  is  Past 
Commander  in  the  (i.  A.  R.  Post,  of  Weston. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Rejuiblicjiti.  Mr.  and  ^[rs. 
I'aker  are  highly  respected  citi/.ens  of  Weston, 
and  greatly  beloved  by  their  large  circle  of 
friends. 


-xi^. 


UlARLES  COOK,  superintendent  of  the 
Ump(|ua  Valley  Canning  Company,  was 
born  in  Albany,  New  York,  September 
30,  1851.  lie  learned  the  trade  of  a  machinist 
in  early  life,  and  is  a  pra(;tical  engineer. 

In  February,  1883,  he  came  to  Oregon,  and 
for  five  years  was  eniployeil  in  the  Salem  Kvap- 
orator;  served  two  years  in  the  cannery  there, 
and  in  February,  1S92,  began  the  establislunent 
of  the  canning  plant  at  lloseburg.  The  capital 
stock  was  $12,000,  and  the  cannery  complete  is 
118x20  feet;  the  evaporator,  80  x  40  feet;  the 
warehouse,  70  x  20  feet;  and  the  engine  house, 
30x20  feet.  They  em])loy  150  men,  and  the 
daily  capacity  reaches  1,000   bushels  of  prunes 


a  day,  evaporated,  and  2,500  cans  filled.     They 
began  operations  in  Jidy,  18112.      In  addition  lo 
his  interest  in  this  iilant,  Mr.  (Jook    owns  a  t' 
prune  ranch  twelve  miles  north  of  Drain,  Doug- 
las county,  which  contains  about  0,000  trees. 

lie  was  married  in  Oregon,  to  Miss  liuchei 
Mentz,  and  they  have  one  child.  Socially,  .Mr. 
Cook  is  an  Odd  Fellow,  and  is  one  of  Uo>e 
burg's  best  citizens. 


\ORATIO  COOKK,  an  Oregon  pi.meer  of 
1852,  was  born  in  New  York  city  Decern- 
.j^  ber  15,  1820.  His  father,  Horatio  Cooki'. 
was  a  native  of  Worcester,  I'lngland,  born  in 
1788,  and  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1819.  lie  was  a  woodturner  by  trade,  ainI  a 
fine  mechanic  also,  lie  openeil  a  shop  in  New 
York  city,  and  was  there  marrie<l  to  Miss  Annie 
I'ennett,  also  of  Kngland,  who  cmigi'ated  upon 
the  same  ship.  In  1839  Mr.  Cooke  reUKJved  his 
family  to  Chicago,  and  there  continued  his 
trade. 

Our  subject  remained  with  his  parents  until 
mature  life,  and  learned  the  trade  of  wood- 
turning  and  round-post  making.  In  April, 
1852,  accompanied  by  his  brother,  (ieorge,  with 
one  pair  of  horses  and  a  wagon,  they  started  for 
Oregon.  Near  (!ouncil  Uluffs  they  t:aded  one 
horse  for  a  yoke  of  oxen,  and  continued  the 
journey.  With  rapid  travel,  their  load  soon 
became  too  heavy,  and  stopping  upon  the  plains, 
they  cut  the  wagon  in  two,  and  made  a  cart  with 
which  to  continue  the  journey;  the  balance  of 
the  wagon-box  was  converted  into  cotHns  to  bury 
the  dead  of  an  afllicted  family  camping  near  by. 
.\fter  lightening  their  load,  the  two  CJooke 
brothers  continued  their  journey,  and  the  yoke 
of  oxen  brought  them  >al'ely  to  the  Unnitilla 
agency. 

While  here  they  sold  their  cattle  and  packed 
their  effects  thrinigh  the  Dalles  to  Portland. 
Crossing  the  river  in  a  tiat-boat.  he  discovered  a 
small  chair  shop,  the  pro|)rietor  of  which  was 
Joe  Cleaver,  an  old  Fastern  frieml.  with  whom 
they  secured  work  for  themselves,  and  continued 
there  until  August,  1853.  when  our  subject 
opened  a  shop  for  cliair  and  cabinet  work,  sub 
sequently  adding  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors 
and  general  furniture.  In  I8t}8  he  engaged  in 
the  undertaking  business,  and  in  1S70  be  e?i 
tere.l  into  partneiship  with  John    I'jory  in   the 


100() 


lit  STORY    Oh^   OHKtiOtr. 


same  liiif,  and  coiitiniii'il  for  six  yearn,  wiien 
tlicy  (lisBolved  iiiid  di\ided  tlie  stock,  since 
when  Air.  Cooke  has  carried  on  tiio  business 
alone,  lie  ims  sjiaciou!*  parlors  and  wiirerooins 
on  tlie  corner  of  Second  and  Oak  streets,  where 
his  larjfe  stock  will  meet  the  demands  of  the 
most  fasticliouH. 

lie  enlisted  in  Comjiany  A,  Washington 
()nard,.<  >rcgon  State  Militia,  in  1802,  and  by 
steady  promotion  tlirongli  the  several  oHicial 
ranks,  became  a  Lieutenant  in  1.S72.  and  through 
the  death  of  Cajitain  Charles  S.  Mills,  in  1875, 
was  ele(!ted  to  till  the  vacancy,  wiiich  position 
lie  held  for  fourteen  years,  with  twenty-five  years 
of  continuous  service.  In  1872  lie  was  tlie 
"  crack  shot  "  of"  his  company,  and  won  the  first 
prize,  a  silver  Maltese  cross,  for  e.xcellency  of 
inark8manslii|i.  He  raised  his  company  to  such 
proficiency  of  drill  that,  in  the  Centennial  cele- 
bration, July  4,  1870,  lie  was  awarded  the  hand- 
some gold  medal,  properly  embellished  and  in- 
scribed, liy  the  Centennial  Committee. 

II(!  was  married  in  Portland,  in  ISti-l,  to  Miss 
Kate  .1.  Di'.lv.  who  died  in  1*S78,  leaving  three 
children:  l.'icy,  (iertrudo  and  Alice.  Mr.  Cooke 
was  again  married  in  Portland,  June  12. 1883,  to 
Miss  Margaret  Stewart.  Mr.  ('ooke  has  served 
six  years  as  Coroner  of  Multnomah  county,  but 
has  sought  no  official  jjositions  outside  of  his 
regular  line  of  work,  to  which  he  gives  unceas- 
ing attention,  being  able  and  efficient  in  the 
discharge  of  his  duties. 


-^-c^--^ 


M.  CLINK,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852, 
was  born  in  15oiid  county.  Illinois,  in 
I  *  1829.  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah 
(Scott)  Cline,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
North  Carolina,  respectively.  After  their  mar- 
riage, in  1826,  the  pai'cnta  settled  in  Pond 
county.  Illinois,  in  1828,  and  pasted  their  lives 
in  that  State.  The  father  was  a  t'arnier  by 
occiipatiim.  and  our  subject  was  reareil  to  agri- 
cultural ])ursuits;  he  reinaine<l  at  home  until 
he  had  attained  man's  estate,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1852  started  to  Oregon  in  company  with 
John  K.,  (ieorge  T.  and  Richard  Waite  and 
Samuel  Hlanchard.  Tiiis  little  conijiany  were 
well  mounted,  fully  armed,  and  each  had  a  good 
pack  mule;  thus,  unattended,  they  faced  the 
lianlships  and  dangers  of  that  long  journey. 
I'roceeding  to  Council   Pluti's.  they  waited    re- 


cruits, but  unable  t<i  find  the  right  men  properly 
armed  and  equipped,  the  little  J'arty  set  forth 
on  the  8th  day  of  May;  they  crossed  the  present 
site  of  the  city  of  Omaha,  which  was  then 
marked  by  a  single  log  hoii.'.e,  used  as  a  trading 
post.  •  The  country  was  infested  with  Indians, 
and  buffalo  roamed  at  will;  cholera  was  raging 
on  the  plains,  and  the  stricken  familieB  were 
constantly  appealing  to. the  young  men  to  ren- 
der them  assistance  in  driving  their  teams.  Put 
life  was  dear,  and  delay  meant  possible  death; 
the  band  of  jive  pushed  steadily  and  bravely  on, 
and  crossing  the  Cascade  mountains  by  the  Bar- 
low route,  they  landed  in  the  Willamette  val- 
ley after  sixty-two  days  of  travel.  Continuing 
through  Oregon  City  to  Marion  county,  Mr. 
Clinc  located  100  acres  of  land,  fifteen  miles 
northeast  of  the  present  city  of  Salem.  He 
began  making  shaved  shingles,  and  also  taught 
school  for  a  number  of  yeais.  He  embarked  in 
the  lumber  trade,  which  he  carried  on  quite  ex- 
tensively. P>y  homestead  and  purchase  he  in- 
creased his  lands  to  400  acres,  all  well  timbered, 
and  continued  the  logging  business  for  twenty 
years;  when  he  liad  exhausted  this  industry  he 
grubbed  out  the  stumps  and  developed  a  tine 
farm,  on  which  he  lived  until  1889.  He  then 
sold  the  homestead  and  240  acres,  retaining 
only  100  acres  of  fine  pasture  land;  this  is  well 
stocked  with  liorses  and  a  band  of  Angora 
goats. 

Mr.  Cline  was  married,  in  1854,  to  Miss 
Orinda  Fuller,  a  daughter  of  Joel  Fuller,  a  pio- 
neer of  1853.  She  died  in  1887,  leaving  a  fam- 
ily of  seven  children:  Ellen,  wife  of  William 
Pozarth;  George  T.,  William,  Jennie,  Lulu, 
Alfred  and  Annie.  Mr.  Cline  was  married  a 
second  time,  in  1889.  to  Mrs.  J.,ouisa  (Dod- 
dridge) White,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
are  now  residing  at  Woodburii,  where  they  own 
a  pleasant  home  and  other  valuable  town  prop- 
erty. Our  worthy  subject  is  a  memb'^r  of  Adel- 
phi  Lodge.  K.  of  P.  He  has  served  his  city  as 
Uecordec  for  a  year,  and  is  completing  his 
second  year  as  Justice  of  the  Peace. 


«^< 


><•*- 


[ULKiE  MORTON  1).  CLIFFORD  is  per- 
I   haps  the  most  popular  man   of   his   age  in 


eastern  Oregon.    He  was  born  in  Oltuinwa. 
iipello  county.   Iowa.   May  24.  1859.  and   he 


W 

remaiiieO 


in  his  native  place  until  he  was  eleven 


niSTOHY    OF    ORKOON. 


inoi 


yenrs  of  ago.  His  fatlier,  Ilenimn  Clifford,  died 
ill  1S03,  wIrmi  our  subject  wiis  hut  foiii-  years  of 
age,  Imviiig  been  one  of  tlic  sons  of  tscotland 
wlio  came  to  Oregon,  llis  mother  was  named 
Jane  (Malum)  Cliiford,  and  she  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  who  was  bronglit  to  America  when  a 
small  girl,  in  1870. 

Mrs.  Clifford  and  her  son.  Morton,  came  to 
Oregon  in  l^iTt),  and  settled  in  Cafion  City, 
(irant  county,  where  Mrs.  Cliftonl  afterward 
married  N.  S.  Babcock,  and  he  died  in  1890, 
leaving  two  sons,  N.  S.  and  A.  L.,  who  are  now 
living  with  their  mother  in  Grant  coiiiity.  ^lor- 
ton  D.  attended  the  coiir  'o  i  schools,  and  then 
completed  an  academic  i.rse  in  eastern  Ore- 
gon in  1881,  and  then  studied  law  with  the 
firm  of  Hill  &  Mays,  of  the  Dalles,  ami  was 
admitted  to  practice  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Oregon  in  ( )ctober,  1882. 

Our  Buliject  then  returned  to  (irant  county 
and  opened  a  law  office  in  Cafion  City,  where  he 
still  resides,  lie  was  Deputy  Sheriff  of  the 
county  for  one  year,  and  in  1884  entered  polit- 
ical life,  lie  then  received  the  noininatioii  for 
the  District  Attorneyship  for  the  Sixth  dudicial 
District  of  this  State,  from  the  hands  of  the 
Democratic  State  Convention,  defeating  the 
regular  Republican  iioniinee,  Hon.  C.  "\V.  i'ar- 
risli,  one  of  the  most  prominent  attorneyp  in 
eastern  Oregon.  Renominateil  in  188()  for  the 
same  office,  ho  was  again  elected  by  a  large 
majority. 

Mr.  Clifford  is  a  man  of  modest  demeanor, 
but  possessed  of  a  steadfastness  of  purpose  that 
surmounts  every  ol)8tacle.  Ilis  name  lias  been 
a  terror  to  evildoers,  as  attested  by  the  large 
niiniber  now  incarcerated  in  the  penitentiary,  as 
a  result  of  his  vigilant  prosecution. 

Judge  Clifford  was  appointed  by  (iovernor 
Pennoyer  to  fill  tlu;  ])lace  made  vacant  by  the 
d(iatli  of  .ru<lge  L.  15.  Ison,  as  Associate  Justice 
of  the  district,  over  which  he  had  so  long  held 
the  attorneyship,  lie  was  iioiiiinatod  at  the 
next  Democratic  convention,  and  was  elected  by 
a  majority  of  2,107  out  of  a  total  of  13,000. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  place  in 
August,  1885,  to  Miss  Edith  Ilazeltiiie,  a 
daughter  of  Judge  Ilazeltine,  of  John  Day 
City,  (irant  county,  Oregon.  Mrs  Clifford  was 
born  in  Oregon,  and  her  father  was  a  native  of 
Illinois,  her  mother  of  California.  Two  bright 
little  children  have  gladdened  their  Ikiimo:  ller- 
ald,  boMi  ill  1888;  and  Emma,  in  189(1.  The 
Judge  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 


also  of  the  I.  O.  G.  T.  In  the  former  he  holds 
the  position  of  Senior  Warden  of  the  (iraiid 
Lodge  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  and  has  received 
the  thirty-second  degree. 

Judge  Clifford  has  yet  a  long  lif(>  of  useful- 
ness before  him,  and,  taking  his  jiast  recnid  as  a 
precedent,  he  is  destined  to  become  an  imporlant 
factor  ill  sha])iiig  the  future  course  of  tlu<  Demo- 
cratic party  in  this  rapidly  growing  State. 


fOlIN  WILLIAM  liUSTEU,  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Pilister  ife  Shelley,  pro- 
jirietors  of  the  oldest  and  leading  di'iig 
house  of  Independence,  was  born  in  Missouri, 
April  7,  1859,  in  Stickton,  Cedar  county,  llis 
father,  dleneral  W.  liiistcr,  was  born  in  reiines- 
sce,  but  removed  to  Missouri,  where  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Charlotte  Iticter,  also  a  native  of 
Tennessee.  She  was  the  daughter  of  William 
Kicter,  of  Tennessee,  who  removed  to  Missouri. 
Mr.  anil  Mrs.  iiiister  bad  but  the  one  chi!(i,  tlui 
subject  'if  this  sketch,  when  the  great  civil 
v;ar  burst  upon  this  land,  with  all  its  frightful 
carnage,  and  Mr.  Buster  enlisted  in  the  Southern 
army,  lie  fought  gallantly  in  several  small  en- 
gagements, finally  losing  his  life  from  a  gunshot 
wound,  received  in  the  battle  of  Marshtiidd, 
Louisiana.  This  loft  our  subject  fatherless  at 
an  early  age  and  his  mother  a  widow,  .\fter 
some  years  she  married  again,  a  Mr.  John  J. 
Roberts.  lie  also  died  and  she  is  now  a  uiilow 
for  the  second  time,  and  resides  in  Texas. 

John  Iiiister  was  educated  in  the  Arkansas 
Industrial  University.  He  taught  school  in 
Texas  for  three  years,  and  in  18S2  he  came  to 
Oregon  and  taught  school  in  HiuMia  Vista,  I'olk 
county.  In  Sejitcniber,  188 L  he  came  to  In- 
dependence and  purchased  the  iiitere>l  of  Mr. 
Robertson,  in  the  drug  business,  of  which  lie  is 
now  the  senior  member.  This  business  hail  been 
operated  by  Dr.  .\.  li.  Kobortson.  on  its  present 
site,  for  fourteen  years.  The  business  was  or- 
ganized in  1884,  with  Mr.  Vt-rnon  as  partner, 
tlien,  after  five  years,  Mr.  \.  S.  Lock  purchased 
Mr.  Vernon's  interest,  and  the  business  con- 
tinued under  this  management  until  1892,  when 
Mr.  Iv.  A.  Shelley  purchased  Mr.  Lock's  inter- 
est. The  firm  is  a  thoroughly  reliable  one,  and 
carries  a  larg(^  stock.  It  is  coiistrucfel  on  the 
most  honorable  and  liberal  basts. 


14 


]% 


1003 


niSTORY    OF   OREGON . 


^.^      < 


Mr.  Jiiiiitcr  liiiK  duvoted  iiiiicli  of  his  enerffy 
ami  biisiiiiiss  ahility  to  the  (Jcvulupniuiit  of  the 
city.  He  liiirt  iiivestcil  in  city  pr(i|ii;rty.  and 
iiwiis  ii  iii('(i  lidiiic  ill  tlie  city.  Such  inuii  as 
tiiis  arc  needed  in  every  conmiuiiily. 

Ill  Octiiiier,  ISSli,  lie  iiiiirriud  MinB  \\.  .1. 
Vernon,  a  imti\  c  daii^ditur  of  tliu  soil,  lier  I'atiicr, 
■ioiin  Vernon,  lieiiij*  one  of  I'olk  county's  wor- 
tliy  ijioiiuoi's.  (Suu  sl^otcli  of  sanio.)  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  ISnstcr  have  two  children:  .).  W.,  Jr.,  and 
Kilna. 

Mr.  IJuster  is  a  ]'a«t  Master  Mason,  and  is  a 
inenilicr  of  tile  order  of  Woodmen.  In  politics 
he  i^  a  Dinnocrat,  and  has  serveil  as  a  moinliur 
of  tlie  CJitv  Ooiiiicil  and  as  City  Treasurer  for 
,-everal  yt'iirs.  lie  was  a  incnilior  of  the  Hoard 
(if  Trustees  of  city  scliools,  who  erected  tlie 
present  fine  scliool  building,  which  is  a  credit 
to  the  School  Hoard  and  the  city  of  Independ- 
ence, as  the  huildiiig  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
city. 

Mr.  Iluster  is  a  sjiirited,  kind-hea'-ted  and 
obliging  citizen,  combining  the  traits  of  char- 
acter that  achieve  success  in  all  the  walks  of 
life. 


-^-^#-H# 


fli.  V.  r.UTi,ER,  an  honored  Oregon  pic- 
ueer  of  1S49,  now  deceased,  was  born  in 
"  Mew  lioston,  Xew  Hampshire,  Septem- 
ber !(,  18011.  His  jiarents  were  early  settlers  of 
New  Hampshire,  and  his  jjjrandfatlier,  Daniel 
I'litler,  and  his  i'atlier.  Daniel  Butler,  were  both 
born  in  that  State.  The  ancestors  of  the  family 
were  prominent  in  the  otHces  of  the  town,  beinj; 
selectmen  and  magistrates,  and  held  offices  of 
honor  and  trust  in  the  church  and  State.  They 
]nirticipated  in  the  Revolutionary  war  an<l  in 
the  later  waiv  of  their  country.  Mr.  Butler's 
father  married  Miss  Dilla  Butler,  a  native  of 
the  State  of  New  Hampshire,  and  while  she  had 
the  same  name  she  was  no  relative.  They  had 
a  family  of  twelve  children,  and  nine  were 
reared  to  inatnrity,  but  only  one  of  the  daugh- 
ters now  siirx  ives.  Mr.  Butler  was  a  IJnivcr- 
salist  in  his  faith  and  his  wife  was  a  Congrega- 
tioiialist.  He  lived  to  the  age  of  eighty-three 
years,  and  she  died  in  her  seventy-sixth  year. 
Mr.  Butler,  the  subject  of  the  jireseiit  sketch, 
was  the  fifth  child,  and  he  was  reared  at  liis  na- 
tive place  .'ind  obtaiiietl  an  academical  education. 
tie  learned  the   bricklayer's  trade  and  began  life 


as  such.  Later  he  was  engaged  in  contracting 
and  building,  lie  removed  to  Illinois  in  18.'}i, 
and  ou  May  0,  IHiJiJ,  in  i'ittsfield,  Bolk  county, 
Illinois,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  In- 
galls,  who  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Israel  Ingalls,  who  was  of  Scotch- Irish 
descent.  Her  grandfather  and  grandniother, 
Mary  (Nord)  Ingalls,  came  from  the  north  of 
Ireland,  and  lu^  died  with  the  cholera  in  Illi- 
nois, in  his  forty-fifth  year,  and  his  wife  died 
ill  her  seventy-sixth  year. 

After  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Butler  remained 
eleven  years   in   Illinois,  and  on  April  9,  1849, 
they  started  on  the  long  journey  to  far-off  Ore- 
gon.    They  came  with  o.xen,  and  brought  with 
tliem  their  three  little  boys:  Orville,  Neheniiaii 
and  Henry.     A    brother-in-law,  a  sister,  and  a 
sisterin-law   accompanied   them,  and  they  had 
six  yoke  of  oxen  and   two  saddle-horses.     They 
mot  with   no  serious  misfortune.     Every  river 
was  crossed  by  cuting  trees    and  making  rafts 
wide  enough  to  hold  the  wagons  and  these  were 
floated  across.  The  cattle  and  stock  swam  across, 
and   Mrs.  Butler,  who  still   survives,    says  the 
journey  was   very  enjoyable,  although  parts  of 
it  was  attended  with  much  anxiety  and  discom- 
fort.    There  were  seventy-six   brave  men  in  the 
*Tdin,  and  only  three   women  and    the  children, 
80  that  they  were  well  protected.     The  princij)al 
diet  was  bread,  liacon  and  coffee,  but  sometimes 
there  would  be  game.     They  arrived  at  Oregon 
City    Si.'ptember    '11,  and   here  they    wintered, 
and   their  diet  was    salmon,   coffee  and   bre.id. 
They  lived  in  a  shanty  with   many  cracks  in  it, 
but  fortunately  it  was  not  a   severe  winter,  and 
they  j)ut  up  with  it,   and  with  hopt^fiil    hearts 
stood  it    through.     In   the   spring  Mr.    Butler 
went  to  Portland,  built  a  house  by  setting  posts 
in  the  ground  and  boarded  it  with  split  boards, 
and  here  he  ojiened  a  store  and  sold  goods.  Here 
they  lived  for  two  years.     When  the  first  steam- 
mill  was  built,  there  was  no  one  to  build  the  chim- 
ney   nor   smokestack,  and  the  gentlemen  were 
wondering  in  Mr.  Butler's  store  who  they  could 
get  to  do  it.     Mr.    Butler   said;  "  1  can  do  that 
if  you  can  tend  my  store,"  so  he  had  the  honor 
of  building  the  chimney  on  the  first  steam-mill 
in  Bortlaml.     After  two  years  it  was  supposed 
that  Eola  would   make  a  town  and   become  the 
capital  of  the  State,  and  Mr.   Butler  went  there 
and  opened  a  store,  and  for  some  years  it  was  the 
center  of  supplies   for  a  large  ))ortion   of  that 
part  of  Oregon.    All  the  people  of  Polk  county 
went  there  to  trade.     He  did  a  successful  busi- 


nrsTOJir  of  oheoon. 


t008 


nesB  tlicrc,  iiiifl  in  1857  lie  caiiic  to  Muniiioiitli. 
Tliere  wore  tluMi  four  houses  in  tliis  town,  nnd 
lie  l)uilt  )i  little  store  liuilding  on  tlio  sontliwcst 
corner  of  Monmouth  an<l  llailroatl  streets,  iind 
here  he  eonimenced  business  hiuI  continued  » 
nunilier  of  ycHrs,  huying  and  fliipping  grain, 
ami  huying  and  shipping  large  (juantitios  of 
])ork.  I.ater  his  health  failed  and  he  retired 
from  mercantile  pursuits,  purchased  217  acres  of 
land  adjoining  the  city  of  Monmouth,  built  a 
large  and  commodious  residenco,  commanding  a 
fine  view  of  the  country,  and  here  he  resided  in 
peace  and  content  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  October  18,  187U.  He  had 
reared  n  tine  family  of  children,  and  had  accum- 
ulat^nl  a  largo  property.  He  was  a  kind  hus- 
band and  an  obliging  neighbor,  and  was  ii  man 
wlio  possessed  a  high  moral  charactor.  His 
children  are:  Sarah  .lano  became  the  wife  of 
Luther  Urown  and  reBi<le8  at  Monmouth;  Lydia 
married  C.  C.  Kiihn,  had  five  children  and  died 
ill  her  thirty-sixth  year;  Portia  E.  became  the 
wife  of  W.  J.  Mulkoy,  a  leading  merchant  of 
Monmouth,  and  the  son  of  a  pioneer;  DillaM. 
married  F.  W.  Fenton,  a  ])rominent  lawyer  of 
Yam  Hill  county,  and  resides  at  McMinnville; 
LauUa  is  now  the  wife  of  G.  T.  Hoothby,  and 
lives  in  Monmouth;  J.  15.  V.,  Jr.,  resides  at  the 
homestead  with  his  mother.  He  graduated  from 
the  (Christian  College,  at  Monmouth,  in  18S2, 
and  since  his  father's  death  he  has  managed  the 
farm.  He  was  married  in  1885,  to  Miss  Fanny 
Harris,  a  native  of  Minnesota,  and  a  daughter 
of  Dr.  George  C.  Harris.  They  have  two  sons: 
Willis  Dale  and  Titus  Roy.  One  of  the  sons 
of  Mr.  Butler,  Mehemiah,  is  one  of  the  most 
proniiiicnt  men  in  Polk  county.  He  was  re- 
cently elected  to  the  State  Senate.  He  studied 
law  with  .ludge  Boise,  of  Salem.  He  graduated 
from  the  univiTsity,  and  is  a  talented  man. 

Thus  we  have  imperfectly  fold  the  history  of 
one  of  Oregon's  worthy  pioneers  of  1849.  He 
made  a  good  record,  and  his  memory  is  revered 
by  his  children  and  the  people  of  the  great  State 
of   Oregon. 


^-^- 


fCRABILL,  one  of  the  leading  furniture 
dealers  of  Baker  City,  was  born  in  Cham- 
o  jiaign  county,  Ohio,  September  IfJ,  183!>. 
tie  was  the  second  child  in  the  family  born  to 


B.  S.  and  .\ngcline  (Vabill.  the  former  nf  wlmm 
was  born  in  Shenandoah  cuiiiitv,  Virginia,  in 
181ij.  Mr.  Crabill  rcmovtMl  to  Ohio  when  he 
was  a  young  man  and  was  married  to  Mi^s  An- 
geliiie  Stinebiirger.  in  IS'i'.l,  who  was  born  in 
that  State  in  1811.  Mr.  Crabill  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation  ami  resided  in  Ohio  uiilil  ISHt, 
when  he  removed  to  Hancock  county,  Illinois, 
bought  a  farm  of  420  acres,  which  was  imrtly 
improved.  Her{<  he  resided  and  rt^areo  his 
family,  making  a  very  valuable  farm  out  of  his 
land.  Since  growing  oM  Mr.  ('i-Mbill  has  r(>- 
moveil  to  Hancoc.k  county,  where  he  has  a  very 
fine  residence  and  other  propitrty.  Mrs.  ('ra- 
bill  died  in  187'.l.  aged  si.xty-eight  years.  She 
lived  to  pass  her  golden  wedding,  having  mar- 
ried very  young.  They  were  the  parents  of 
seven  children,  of  whom  8i,\  are  liviiif,',  namely: 
.lohii,  now  residingin  Illinois,  where  Jose|ih,  the 
ne.xt  child,  also  makes  his  lioiiie;  [iUciiida,  at 
home  with  her  father;  William,  machiniht  in 
Potsville,  Nebraska;  Lewis,  of  Baker  City,  Ore- 
gon, president  of  Baker  (!ity  Lumber  (/'oiiipiny; 
and  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Mr.  Crabill,  our  subject,  crossed  the  plain"*  in 
1862,  with  his  brother  ami  two  other  gentlemen, 
with  an  ox  team  which  they  purchased  in  ])art- 
iiership,  and  provisions  enough  to  last  them 
through  the  perilous  journey.  On  the  way  they 
were  surrounded  by  about  200  liKlians  and 
forced  to  give  U|)  a  portion  of  their  provisions 
in  order  to  save  their  lives.  The  trip  consumed 
about  four  months.  Our  subject  stojiped  in 
Nevada  and  mined  for  two  years.  tlk'H  went  to 
Idaho,  where  ho  worked  for  two  years  in  the 
mines.  Landing  in  Baker  Cit^-,  Oregon,  in 
18t)6  he  began  to  work  at  the  cariionter  trade, 
which  he  ha<l  picked  up  in  Nevada  and  Idaho, 
following  this  calling  for  about  twenty-Hvo 
years  when,  March,  1892,  he  went  into  the 
furniture  business.  Mr.  Crabill  has  succeeded 
wonderfully  well  in  his  wcst(H-n  home  iiud  now 
owns  his  residence,  a  nice  business  property  on 
Main  street,  in  Baker  City,  two  stories  high, 
the  lower  floor  of  which  he  occupies  for  his 
furniture  ami  the  upper  tloor  is  rented  as 
offices. 

Mr.  (Jrabill  was  married  September  12,1880, 
to  Miss  Barbara  Rust,  a  native  of  Germany,  who 
came  to  America   in    1877,  being  then   twenty- 


Hs  born  in  1S5 


Ml 


five  years  of  age,  as  she  was 

and  .Mrs.  Crabill  have   thre(^  ,,,,,.,,„.,.   ,,.....,.,. 

Benjamin  S.,  Emma  and  Roy  U.     Mr.  Crabill 


Ireii.    naniciv 


inoi 


nrSTOIlY    OF    ORKnON. 


1 


Ib  II  iiK'iiiljcr  111'  llic  Muediiit;  fiiiltn'nity,  in 
wliicli  III*  liiiM  tillf<|  III!  the  chiiirK.  llu  has  iiueii 
Ili;^ii  I'rioHt  of  tile  (!lia|)tt'r.  llu  lias  si^rviMJ  (iii 
till!  CoiiMcii  of  till'  city  and  ill  politics  he  is  a 
htiiiiig   IJejmlilicuii. 

(ASSlllS  W.  TKCK,  lati'oiieof  runiaiid'a 
t'iitt'r|iriiiiti<{  inanul'acturers,  was  born  in 
lliulsuii,  Illinois,  Kcbi'iiiiry  1,  18511.  His 
t'litlicr,  riiincHs,  was  born  in  New  York  l)o- 
iTiiiliur  ;{,  18i)5,  Tliny  uri'  of  Kiiglisli  nncpstry. 
who  sottluii  in  America  in  the  early  history  of 
the  country.  They  are  Haptists.  and  the  father 
of  .Mr.  l'liiiiea>  I'nck,  .loliii  Peek,  was  a  liaptist 
minister  in  New  Y'ork,  but  he  removed  with  his 
fiiniily  to  Illinois,  where  his  son.  i'hineas,  was 
liroiiglil  11 1)  and  in  1858  niarriiMl  Miss  Sophia 
Sloiiii,  of  Ohio.  They  had  three  children,  of 
whom  (lassius  was  the  eldest.  His  iiiother  died 
wlii^ii  he  was  five  years  old  and  they  removed  to 
Iowa,  where  Cussiiis  was  raised  and  educated 
until  his  .-e\entepnth  year,  when  he  came  to 
Oregon  with  his  father,  and  they  located  at 
Bail  vies,  carrying;  on  the  stock  business.  The 
father  is  still  eni^aj^ed  in  the  same  business,  ro- 
sidinif  at  N'eriioniii  City. 

Mr.  Peek  befjan  business  Utr  himself  as  a 
horticulturist,  and  on  8e|)teinber  13,  1885,  he 
initrrie(l  Miss  Mary  Moore,  of  Oregon,  and  the 
daui;liter  of  .lolin  ^loore,  who  came  to  Oregon 
ill  1852,  ])iii'chaaed  land  at  Mount  T  bor  and 
resided  there  as  a  farmer  and  fruit  raiser-nntil 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1880.  He  was  a  reli- 
alile  and  honorable  man.  and  was  esteemed  by 
all  who  knew  him.  His  wife  died  in  the  Octo- 
lier  foUowiiii;. 

.Mr.  and  Airs.  Peck  hud  two  children,  born  in 
Portland:  Klnier  M.,  and  Loyd  (".  They  di- 
\  idcd  up  their  fruit  lands  and  sold  them,  from 
time  to  time,  at  good  prices,  but  they  have  re- 
tained four  acres,  on  which  they  made  a  valuable 
home.  Mr.  Peck  |)urcha8ed  the  conibination 
wire  and  picket  fence  and  founded  the  Kast 
Portland  Fence  Works,  of  which  he  was  projiriti- 
tor.  The  factory  is  127  South  Water  street. 
East  Side,  where  he  manufactured  and  dealt  in 
all  kinds  of  picket  and  ornamental  fencing. 
His  business  methods  were  liberal  and  honor- 
able, and  the  enterprise  is  a  growing  one  and  is 
nieetini;  with  satisfactory  success.  He  was  an 
active    member  of  the   Mount  Tabor  Methodist 


(!hiircli,  as  is  also  Mrs.  I'eck.  Mr.  Peck  was  a 
worthy  and  enterprising  citizen  of  the  State  that 
had  been  his  home  for  so  many  years. 

.\ftei  a  long  illness  of  several  weeks  of  ty- 
phoid fev((r  he  was  unable  to  rally  from  the 
strain  of  his  already  overtaxed  body,  and  died 
( )ctober  :!.  1892.  His  wife  was  too  ill  to  attend 
the  fnii'M'al,  where  a  great  many  friends  paid 
him  the  last  honor.  Mr.  Walton  Skipworth,  of 
the  Mount  Tabor  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
delivered  a  very  touching  sermon. 


tlJFUS  P.  CALDWELL  was  born  in  Mc 
Minn  county,  Tennessee,  in  1835,  a  son  of 
William  M.  and  Sarah  (Hayes)  Caldwell, 
natives  of  North  Carolina.  They  removed  to 
Tennessee  about  1820,  and  there  Mr,  (Jaldwell 
engaged  in  raising  cotton,  corn  and  wheat.  In 
1851  he  emigrated  to  Henderson  county,  Illi- 
nois,  and  followed  agricultural  pursuits  until 
1805;  in  that  year  he  went  to  Butler  county, 
Iowa,  and  there  passed  the  closing  years  of  his 
life,  Riifiis  P,  Caldwell,  the  eeventh  of  a  fam- 
ily of  thirteen  children,  remained  with  his  pra- 
ents  until  1857,  and  then  bade  farewell  to  his 
home  and  friends,  and  started  to  the  Pacific 
coast;  he  went  to  New  York,  and  thence  via  the 
Panama  route,  arriving  in  San  Francisco  April 
21,  1857;  thence  he  went  to  Marysville,  and 
there  followed  mining  and  teaming  until  March, 
1S50.  Heturning  to  San  Francisco,  he  took  a 
steamer  for  Oregon,  and  came  directly  to  Lane 
county,  where  he  rented  land  and  engaged  in 
farming.  During  the  summer  of  18(52  he  ran 
a  pack  train,  carrying  freight  and  passengers' 
luggage  and  supplies. 

He  was  marriec!,  in  18(53,  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Morgan,  a  daughter  of  John  Morgan,  a  pioneer  of 
1853.  After  his  marriage  Mr,  Caldwell  de- 
voted himself  to  farming,  and  in  1868  he  bought 
his  present  farm  of  290  acres,  three  miles  south- 
west of  Junction  City;  he  also  owns  another  tract 
of  1(53  acres.  Ho  continued  to  cultivate  these 
places  until  1880,  when  he  moved  his  family  to 
Junction  City,  where  he  now  reside.s;  be  still 
superintends  and  manages  both  places.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Caldwell  have  a  family  of  six  children :  Sa- 
rah ( '.,  wife  of  Frank  Woolsey.  of  Portland ;  Eliz- 
abeth J.  wife  of  William  Hall;  Dan  E,,  Miliey 
Francis,  William  W,  and  Mary  Ruth, 


insroity  of  ouKooif. 


lOOS 


In  18!tl  Mr.  {'nldwell  cstal.lialicd  tli(«  "  Hnrkot 
Store""  lit  JiiiK^tidii  <'ity,  wliicli  in  iiiniiiij^cil  liy 
his  ilaiightcr,  Milloy  I'.  He  is  a  iiu'mi)i>r  ol' 
()snj<o  Lo(ij»i',  No.  H,  1.  ().  ().  F.,  anil  of  l''ern 
Itidgo  liodge,  l'"iiriner8'  Alliance.  Ho  lias 
served  two  tt'rins  as  a  tneiiiliur  of  the  City 
('oiiiicil,  and  is  ono  of  the  highly  respected  eiti- 
zens  of  Lane  connty. 


^mk^ 


§()N.  CHAHI-KS  n.  HELLINOKU,  a  wide- 
ly known  and  highly  respected  eitizen  of 
<  )re^on,  came  to  this  State  in  1817  from 
his  native  county  of  Knox,  Ulinois.  His  an- 
cestors were  early  settlers  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  his  grandfather,  John  H.  Hellinfrer,  and 
father,  Edward  H.  I'ellinf^er,  ha\  iiiji;  heeii  horn 
in  that  State.  In  183(i  both  f^frandfather  and 
father  reiiioveil  to  Illinois,  from  where,  in  1847, 
liireil  hy  the  large  donations  of  rich  land  in 
Oregon,  they  emigrated,  with  their  families, 
across  the  plains  to  this  Staf<'.  Although  they 
underwent  dangers  and  jirivations  on  this  jour- 
ney overland,  yet  they  have  never  regretted  the 
undertaking.  This  journey  was  accroiiiplished 
with  oxen,  and  was  slow  and  tedious  in  the  ex- 
treme. The  Imlians  in  the  Coluinhia  hasin 
were  trouhlesome.  trying  to  roh  them  of 
their  cattle,  hut  by  vigilance  and  courage  they 
kept  themselves  secure  from  the  savages,  arriv- 
ing safely  in  the  heautifiil  Willamette  valley, 
wdiere  each  took  a  secton  of  (iovernmoiit  land 
near  what  is  now  tlie  capital  of  the  State. 
They  erected  log  eiiliins.  with  puncheon  tloors, 
and  comnienced  pioneer  life.  Grandfather  i'il- 
linger  lived  to  the  good  old  age  of  eighty-seven 
years,  dying  in  1S78.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  built  the  first  canal-boat  in 
New  York,  and  was  revered  by  all  who  knew 
him.  Three  years  after  they  arrived  in  Oregon 
Mr.  Hillinger's  father  died.  He  had  married 
Miss  Eliza  Howard,  a  native  of  Illinois.  They 
brought  three  children  across  the  plains,  and 
two  cliildren  were  born  in  Oregon.  Their  son, 
Charles  15.  Billinger,  was  born  on  November 
21,  1839,  and  was  eight  years  old  when  they 
crossed  tlie  plains,  lie  attended  the  district 
school,  after  which  he  attended  the  Willamette 
University  for  two  years,  then  beginning  the 
study  of  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1863,  beginning  his  |)ractiee  in  Salem,  where 
he    was   very  successful  in  his  profession.     In 


18(18  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  by 
his  party,  DeiiKicratie,  and  served  two  years, 
making  an  honorable  reeord.  lie  came  lo  I'ort- 
laiid  to  reside  in  1870,  where  he  has  since  enii- 
tiiiiied  his  ])ra<'tice.  lie  was  foi'  a  year  tlie  ed- 
itor ipf  the  l)aily  Evening  News,  after  which  he 
received  the  apiioiiitment  <if  Clerk  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  iiiid  lleportc^r  of  Decisions,  and  was 
afterward  appointed  dudgeof  tlu«  Circuit  Ileiieh, 
comprising  five  counties,  sei'ving  in  the  latter 
capacity  for  two  years. 

.Iildge  Hellinger  was  married  in  18u'J  to  Miss 
Margerys.  .lolinson,  a  native  of  Ohio,  wdio 
came  to  Oregon  in  1852.  They  have  seven 
children,  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  born 
in  Oregon;  The  eldest  son,  Oscar,  is  a  civil 
engineer;  Victor  C.  is  stenographer  for  his 
father's  law  firm;  John  is  a  clerk  in  the  Port- 
land Savings  Haiik.  'I'lie  others  are:  Everett 
H.,  Edith.  I)aisy  and  Kate.  Edith  is  the  wife 
of  Mr.  (i.  C.  Edwards. 

Mr.  I'elliiiger  is  a  Koyal  Arch  Mason,  and  is 
a  I'ast  Master  of  the  bhui  lodge.  In  religious 
views  ho  is  liberal,  adlierini;  to  the  Unitarian 
Society. 

The  name  of  his  firm  is  I'elliiiger,  Mallery  & 
Simon,  one  of  the  leading  law  linns  of  the  State, 
its  senior  meinlar  being  a  gentleman  of  the 
highest  reputation  fur  ubllity  and  lienor.  As  a 
judge,  Mr.  liellinger  made  an  enviabit"  record, 
and  has  been  no  lc.-.s  fortunate  as  a  practicing 
lawyer,  having,  in  the  trial  of  intricate  eases, 
few  equals,  and  no  superiors. 

He  has  built  a  beautiful  home  in  the  city  of 
Portland,  where  he  and  his  wife,  the  partner  of 
his  sorrows  fur  thirty-three  years,  live  in  Iran 
(jiiillity,  after  the  stirring  life  of  |>ioiieer  days. 
Having  seen  the  primeval  wilderness  of  this 
western  country  blossom  as  the  rose  into  rich 
and  variecl  beauty,  it  is  not  to  be  wondere(l  at 
that  he  should  so  enthusiastically  champion  the 
cause  of  everything  Oregonian. 


F.  F)ENNETT,  an  extensive  lumber 
mendnint,  was  b(jrn  in  Sycamore  eouii- 
'*  ty,  Pennsylvania,  June  30,  lS,5li.  He 
was  the  oldest  of  live  children  born  to  William 
and  Elizabeth  Bennett.  Mr.  Bennett,  Sr., 
moved  to  Montana  when  our  subject  was  a 
small  boy.  He  was  a  lumberman,  and  always 
followed  that  business.     Aftei'  a  sliort  residence 


' 


1006 


uisTonr  "A'  oHnaoN- 


I 

ill  Muiitiiim  lie  wont  liiK^k  to  I'diiicylviini",  mid 
ri'iniiiiii'd  tlicn?  ci^^lit  vt'iii'r*,  iiiul  tlitiii  i'iiii){rutuil 
to  I'liiiliiml,  Oft'i^'oM,  anil  from  tlii'io  to  \Viinli 
ingtoii  'I'ci  ritiiiv,  wliiTc  111'  livi'il,  (<iif{iij;ril  in  tlio 
liiiiibor  liimiiit'Hrt  for  i-cm'U  yoiirs,  iiini  in  IHS,") 
moved  to  linker  (!ity,  Orcpui,  wlii'ie  iio  Btiirtcd 
H  Hiiwmill.  about  tliirtvoii  milcH  fruin  tlin  cityi 
and  lioiiglit  a  larj;!'  tract  of  tlmliur  land  in  flic 
moiiMtiiiii>,  wliiTc  ho  crt'ctt'd  his  mill  that  lie 
had  liri>ii;;lit  from  i'dini-vlvaniii  with  liiin,  and 
or^iuiizcd  till'  prcrti'iit  tiriii  of  I'oniit'tt  iV  Son. 
tlio  Hon  lii'iiifi  our  siilijiH'.t.  'I'liry  I'l't-cti'd  a  large 
iilaning-mill  in  Jtiikcr  (!ity,  wlitiri'  they  maiiii- 
fai'tiiro  cvi'rythin^  in  their  lini',  such  as  HiiKlies, 
doors,  ho.xi's,  and  saw  about  "i.OOO.OOO  jut  year. 
Their  trade  aj;{,'regati's  about  i?20,{)()()  per  year. 

'I'lie  fiitlier  of  our  suiijeet  was  innrried  to 
Kli/.iibetli  nurney,  a  imtivo  of  Pennsylvania,  who 
died  in  1S72.  Our  suliject  married  Miss 
Frances  Noo  in  1S82.  She  is  n  native  of  Iowa, 
and  came  to  Oregon  witli  her  parents  in  1872. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hennctt  have  three  children:  John, 
James  and  {''rancCH. 

M.  F.  nennett  has  one  brother  in  Washing- 
ton and  two  in  Oregon.  One  sister  is  in  IVnii- 
Bylvania.  The  Hemiett  I'ros.  have  the  riehest 
silver  mines  in  (ireen  Horn  mountain.  It  pays 
if5()  per  ton  so'  far,  and  is  getting  rielier  the 
further  down  they  get.  They  have  been  offered 
820,()()()  for  a  three-fourth  interest,  but  tlieyaro 
not  anxious  to  sell,  ;.B  it  is  paying  them  a 
good  dividend,  and  thp,"  vo  jiushing  work  as 
fast  as  possible.  Thia  niine  is  known  as  the 
Trumpet  mine. 

J.  (Jl'LVEK,  County  Surveyor  for 
Marion  county,  was  born  in  1SH7,  in 
|<*  the  county  he  now  represents.  His 
lueestry  were  anioiig  the  pioneers  of  Ohio, 
wiiere  his  father,  W.  I*.  ("Culver,  was  born,  and 
from  where  he  emigrated  in  1H52,  crossing  tiie 
plains  for  (jilil'oniia.  He  followed  mining  for 
several  yeiirs,  then  settled  in  Marion  county. 
Ori'gon,  and  engaged  in  farming.  The  mother 
of  our  siibjeet  was  Miss  Louisa  (ilovor,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  daughter  of  Philip  (ilover,  an  Ore- 
W.  1}.  Culver   and    Miss 


at  the  (rlovor    ranch   in 


gon  pioneer  of  1848. 
(41over  were  married 
Marion  cimnty. 

W.  .1.  Culver  was  educated  at  the  Willamette 
ruivereity,  where  bv  paid  particular   attention 


to  surveying,  with  tile  view  of  making  that  Iho 
occupation  of  lii>  life.  I'pou  i'oni|ileting  his 
-tiiilies,  in  188:{,  he  then  began  teaching  at  the 
liKliiiii  sehool  at  Wiiiiii  Spring  re.-ervution,  and 
sub.-e<|Ui'ntly  ill  the  piiblii'  sehools  of  Marion 
and  Polk  counties.  I'liis  be  I'oiitinued  until 
the  spring  eleetion  of  18SM,  when  lie  received 
the  nomination  for  < 'ouiify  Surveyor  upon  the 
lie|)ublican  ticket,  and  was  duly  elected,  iind 
was  re  elected  in  the  spring  of  IS'.IO.  He  is 
also  a  Deputy  .Surveyor,  and  in  that  cii|)acity  has 
just  completed  the  original  survey  of  several 
townships  in  (JIatsop  county. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is 
constantly  engaged  in  the  duties  of  his  oHice,  and 
is  greatly  interested  in  the  growth  and  dovelop- 
inontof  his  native  county  and  State, 


|-^H-*^I«— >i^3H.^i$4 


§()N.  <iEoIU;K.I.  (M'IMHN,  whoisprnm- 
inently  identitied  with  the  interests  of 
Clackamas  county,  was  born  on  his  father's 
donation  claim  at  ('urrinsville,  in  Clackamas 
county,  Oregon,  October  ti,  1850.  He  is  tlie 
eldest  son  of  Hugh  Ciirrin,  one  of  the  earliest 
and  most  highly  respected  pioneers  of  this  part 
of  the  Cuiintry.  lliirly  in  life  he  was  iiiurou  to 
hard  work,  and  became  thoroiiglily  \ersed  in 
the  various  details  of  farming  and  stock-raising. 
His  education,  obtained  in  the  primitive  log 
schoolhouso  near  his  home,  was  sii|)plenieiited 
by  a  course  in  the  State  .\gricultural  t!ollege  at 
(Jorvallis. 

I'pon  reaching  manhood  he  |)urcliased  a  farm 
of  4-t()  acres,  east  of  and  adjoining  his  father's 
donation  claim.  In  188:5  he  formed  u  partner- 
ship with  his  brother,  Hugh  1''.,  and  under  the 
iirin  name  of  Ciirrin  IJros..  they  built  a  store 
and  engaged  in  the  merchandise  business.  After 
continuing  together  successfully  for  a  niimbor 
of  years,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  purchased  his 
brother's  interest  in  the  business  and  has  since 
Conducted  it  alone,  it  having  in  the  meantime 
grown  to  large  proportions.  After  his  father's 
death  he  inherited  a  portion  of  the  estate,  and  he 
and  his  brother.  Hugh  F.,  purchased  the  interest 
of  the  other  heirs,  subseiiuently  dividing  it  be- 
tween themselves,  each  having  160  acres.  The 
mother  still  retains  her  half  section.  Mr.  Cur- 
rin  built  the  substantial  residence  in  which  he 
resides. 


iiiHTour  OH"  (i/iKdoy. 


loot 


He  WU  ninrried,  in  1N88,  to  Mm  Jt>iiiiio  K. 
Fiirlis,  n  iintivi'  of  lovvii,  mid  tlicy  Imve  tlin  fol- 
lowilii,'  imiiicil  rliililrcii:  Allien,  .Ii'SmJc,  lliif;li, 
Kdwiird,  l.illic.  Nettie  iiiid  Nlidirv. 

Mr.  Curriii  \h  in  pulitlc^  a  Dciiincrut,  anil  iu  it 
man  df  libcrni  views.  Ilr  Iima  niadu  hiicIi  a  i(>c- 
(ini  ill  till)  county  in  wliicli  iio  was  born,  Hiid 
wiicre  liti  lifts  iilwayw  ri'hided.  tliut  when  noini- 
iiati'd  liy  Iii8  party, in  lKy".i,l()  re|iieseiit  lii«  county 
in  the  State  i-egislatiiro,  lie  proved  hiiiiBcif  so 
popular  wilii  tiie  pi'ople  tiiat  lie  overcame  a  Ko- 
pul)liciiii  majoritv  in  tiie  cDiiiity  ol' 40(1,  and  was 
clei'tcd  liy  a  niajoiity  of  eij^iity-two;  and,  iiot- 
witlistandinjf  that  tiie  t;cneral  (io\ernmeiit  iiftc 
i)C(>n  liepniilican,  he  Iiiih  held  tlitt  position  of 
I'ostinaster  oi'  ( 'nrrinsville  for  the  past  nine 
years. 

He  is  a^rood  farmer,  a  level-headed  and  eapaldo 
liiisiness  until,  and  a  i^fodil  re|iresentativc  of  the 
native  Hona  of  Gluckamas  county. 

R^ltKN  CUTTI  .\(t,  a  prosperous  farmer  of 
Chickanias  county.  ( )reg()ii,  was  horn  at 
•'  I'ark  Place,"  in  this  county,  ( (ctoher  IK 
18+7,  son  of  David  and  Mary  (Mattoiu^  Ciittiiif^, 
natives  of  Indiana.  His  lather  was  horn  Novem- 
her  11,  ISII,  and  his  imither  May  'i,  182),  and 
they  were  married  November  11,1888,  in  their 
native  State,  and  had  three  children  bor'i  to 
them  there.  In  the  spring  of  1847  the  family 
left  their  Indiiiiia  home  and  started  across  the 
j)laiii8  for  Oregon,  and  in  due  time  reached  their 
destination.  Abel  Cutting,  the  only  one  of 
tliete  three  children  who  is  now  living,  is  a  resi- 
dent of"(trant  coiinty.  AVhile  on  their  journey 
across  the  jilains  tiie  father  had  the  misfortune 
to  tie  bitten  with  sonie  insect,  which  bite  resulted 
in  a  sore  and  scar  that  badly  disfigured  his  face. 
It  was,  however,  bidden  by  a  heavy  beard,  'i'lie 
following  spring,  1848,  he  took  as  his  donation 
claim  a  section  of  tiinlier  land  located  nine  miles 
east  of  ( )reg(iii  City.  To  the  clearing  and  im- 
proving of  this  land  heilovoted  his  every  energy, 
working  early  and  late,  and  f.'om  his  pioiie.  .• 
home  hos|)itality  was  extended  to  all,  both  friend 
and  stranger  meeting  with  a  cordial  welcome, 
lie  and  his  good  wife  had  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  all  who  knew  thetn.  His  death  occurred  in 
1868.  and  his  wife's  December  14.  1880.  Of 
the  live  children  born  to  them  in  Oregon,  we 
niake  the  follQwing  record:  Oren,  the  subject  of 


this  sketch,  is  the  uldost.  The  socinid  burn  diecl 
in  infancy.  Kliza  became  the  wife  of  (icorgo 
llickeiibotbam,  and  they  reticle  on  the  olil  lioiiiu 
place;  Oharles  is  settleil  near  by;  and  David  is 
married,  and  resides  in  (irant  coMiity.  this 
Stftte. 

Oren  Cutting  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm, 
and  by  lionu!  stinly  and  attendance  at  the  little 
log  sclioolhiiiise  near  by  he  gained  bis  education. 
.\fter  his  father's  death  he  took  cliaige  of  the 
farm.  He  inheriteil  UIKI  acres  of  it,  the  part 
which  belonged  to  bis  mother,  anil  she  lived 
with  him  U|i  to  the  linu!  of  her  dc.ith.  Later 
he  went  to  Molalla  and  purchased  the  donation 
claim  of  ({randfather  Cultiiig  -((10  acres.  In 
company  with  his  brother,  David,  he  fariiie(l  tiiis 
proiHM-ty  four  years.  He  linally  ^old  out  and 
went  to  (irant  county,  where  for  tiv(!  years  ho 
was  engaged  in  the  stock  business.  He  then 
retiiriKMl  to  the  home  furiii,  and  on  it  has  i-ince 
resided. 

March  8,  lss8,  he  was  married  to  Miss  \'ir 
ginia  Vaiighan,  a  native  of  Clackamas  county, 
aiul  the  daughter  of  W.  II.  \'auglian.an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1848.  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  ("iitting  have 
two  children:  Allen  T.,  borr  December  17,  I8s0; 
and  Susan  Mary,  born  .\iigiist  Is,  18!t:3. 

Like  bis  father  before  him,  Mr.  Cutting  is  in 
politics  a  Di'iimcrat.  He  bus  served  as  Uoad 
Supervisor  and  School  Director  in  his  district 
for  a  number  of  years. 

On  the  Cutting  bomeateiid  is  a  walnut  tree 
which  measures  fifty-four  inches  around  tl 
trunk,  and  the  brai>ches  of  which  atford  a  • 
inviting  shade.  Tlit"  nut  from  which  thU  ee 
grew  AIR  brought  here  from  the  ImisI  mi 
planted  by  the  father  nf  our  subject.  It  gi\  ; 
good  evidence  of  the  proiiuclive  soil  in  which  ii 
grows,  and  stands  as  a  inonnmeiit  to  the  worthy 
pioneer  who  planted  it. 


fONATIIAN  CATTPiON.  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1852,  and  ii  prominent  citizen  of 
Polk  county,  wii>  Ijorn  in  'rennessee  May  9. 
182ti.  He  is  of  (ieniian  ancestry,  long  resi- 
dents of  America.  His  father,  Murkwood  Cat- 
iron,  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  who  removed 
to  Missouri,  and  thence  to  Iowa. 

Our  subject  spent  a  portion  of  bis  early  life 
in  each  of  the  States  abu\-e  mentioned  and 
learned    the   trade   of  carpenter,  at   which   hi- 


■• !  I 


g-agl 


1008 


nrSTORT    OF    OREGON. 


Vi 


\  13 


Worked  for  Boini'  tiiiiu  in  lowii,  'oefore  ho  ciiiiie 
to  Oregon.  He  iiiadu  tlio  trip  with  a  family  hy 
the  name  of  Cowan,  who  settled  in  Alhiiny. 
Our  subject  wiis  ii  sinjrje  man  when  he  came  to 
this  Slate,  and  lirst  stop])ed  in  i'ortiand,  where 
]ie  worked  a  few  months.  He  then  came  to 
Yam  Hill  county,  and  located  "JOO  acres  of  land, 
wliere  he  resided  for  ten  years;  he  then  eanic 
to  Tolk  county  and  ])urcha8ed  200  acresof  land, 
one  mile  nortii  of  Monmouth.  Here  he  built  a 
home,  ami  improved  this  farm  until  it  was  one 
(if  t+ic  tinest  farms  in  the  county.  He  was  an 
industrious  farmer,  and  succeeded  well.  He 
purchased  sixteen  acres  of  land  in  the  city  of 
Monmouth,  whicl  increased  in  value.  Ho 
built  a  home  on  it  and,  after  retirement  from 
farm  life,  ho  lived  here  until  his  death,  which 
occnrreil  >Iidy  5,  1871.  He  was  a  Republican 
in  politics,  and  a  thoroughly  reliable  citizen. 

Mr.  Cattron  was  married  in  Yam  Hill  county 
^lav  28,  1851,  to  Miss  Klvina  Shelton,  native 
of  Micsouri,  and  daughter  of  Tebider  Shelton. 
Mr.  ai\d  ]\Irs.  Cattroii  had  six  children,  namely : 
Laura,  wife  of  Dr.  T.  W.  Harris,  resides  in 
Eugene;  Walter  resides  in  Moscow,  Idaho; 
Alice,  wife  of  I.  J.  Craig,  resides  in  Eugene, 
where  her  husband  is  a  druggist;  Edgar  resides 
on  the  home  farm;  Eugene  is  .Mtill  at  home,  en- 
gaged in  buying  and  shipping  grain;  and  Bertha 
is  still  at  home  with  her  mother.  Mr.  Cattroii 
left  his  property  to  his  widow,  to  bo  her  chil- 
dren's after  her  death.  Their  home  in  Mon- 
mouth was  burned  in  1882,  and  in  18SH  Mrs. 
Cattron  had  a  nice  family  mansion  erected  on 
the  Monmouth  city  property,  in  which  she  re- 
sides. It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  homes 
of  the  city,  evincing  the  good  taste  of  the 
owner.  Mrs.  Cattron  has  a  wide  circle  of 
friends  in  many  of  the  counties  of  Oregon,  and 
is  very  highly  esteemed. 

_^^    ^::r=a  ■>''?n»t-----'-'i -^ •    .» 

1^  A.  CKOSS.W,  an  intelligent  and  |)ro- 
gressive  citizen  of  Salem,  Oregon,  is  a 
J[»  native  of  Harrison  county,  Ohio,  where 
he  was  born  in  1845.  His  ancestors  were  r((- 
spected  ])ioneers  of  that  vicinity  some  time  be- 
fore it  bad  assumed  the  rights  of  Statehood. 
From  there  his  father  iiioveu,  in  1850,  to  Ma- 
liaskrt  county,  Iowa,  then  a  new  and  unsettled 
counti-y,  whore  he  farmed  and  worked  at  his 
trade. 


The  8ubj<'ct  of  our  sketch  livet!  at  home  until 
ho  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  improving,  to  the 
best  of  his  ability,  which  was  by  no  means  small, 
his  limiteil  educational  facilities.  He  then  went 
to  Henry  county.  Iowa,  and  while  there  enlisted 
in  the  Konrtli  Iowa  ISattery,  Captain  I*.  H. 
(ioode  in  conunand.  His  battery  was  assigned 
to  the  Army  of  the  Gulf  and  was  stationed  at 
Thiliodeanx,  Eousiana,  eighty  miles  from  \ew 
Orleans,  where  they  guarded  the  snp|ilies  of  that 
department.  They  remained  there  during  the 
war,  and  were  discharged  at  Davenport,  Iowa, 
.July  1+,  18f)5. 

I'pon  his  dismissal  from  service  Mr.  Oossan 
went  to  Keokuk,  Iowa,  wliero  lie  passed  the 
following  winter  in  attendance  at  the  public 
^<•l^oolp•.  The  ;iext  sp 'ing  ho,  wi'h  a  company 
ot  friends,  who  had  fitted  out  a  train  of  nine 
wagons,  started  across  the  j)lains  to  Oregon. 
They  woi.  five  months  oh  the  way,  and  met 
with  the  nsual  incidents  of  travel  over  that  long 
and  tediotis  way,  finally  arriving  at  I'ortiand  on 
October  10,  (>f  the  same  year. 

However  leary  the  journey  may  have  been 
to  others  of  that  party,  it  certainly  did  not  seem 
to  bear  heavily  on  our  subject.  Cupid  may  he 
a  tormenting  companion,  but  he  has  many  witch- 
ing ways.  At  least  this  was  the  experience  of 
him  whose  life  we  have  to  chronicle.  Among 
tills  party  of  friends  was  a  most  estimable  young 
lady.  Miss  Lucia  E.  Smith  by  name,  a  native  of 
Indiana,  who  helped  to  beguile  the  tedium  of 
the  way  for  our  subject,  and  in  return  besought 
a  continuance  of  her  j)leasaiit  companionship. 
Accordingly  they  were  married  soon  after  their 
arrival  at  their  destination,  and  then  located  at 
Silverton.  Here  Mr.  Crossan  att(^nded  school 
for  a  year,  and  then  commenced  teaching,  which 
he  followed  at  intervals  until  1875.  At  this 
time  he  and  his  brother-in-law  purchased  320 
acres  of  timber  land  east  of  Salein,  on  which  a 
sawmill  was  erected.  He  acted  as  foreman  in  this 
mill  until  IBT'J.  About  this  time  Mr.  Crossan 
|)urcliascd  a  farm,  having  sold  his  interest  in  the 
timber  laud,  and  pursued  farming  for  a  year, 
when  he  bought  a  sawmill  on  Pudding  river, 
having  160  acres  of  wood  land  adjoining,  where 
he  manufactured  lumber  for  about  nine  years. 
Ho  then,  although  doing  well,  sold  out,  and  re- 
moved to  Salem,  ever  mindful  of  the  beiietits  of 
a  higher  education,  which  his  children  were  now 
at  an  age  to  enjoy.  Here,  in  flauuary,  18(tl, 
he  was  a|)poin.ed  Street  ('ommiisioner  of  the 
city,    having   charge  of  all    improveinents   of 


HISTORY    OF    OltBOOK. 


IWI!) 


streets,  sowers  and  bridge  work,  proving  liiiii- 
self  a  most  etficicnt  jierson  in  tbat  c'a|)iicity. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crossan  iiave  three  eliiUiron 
livinjj;:  Leon  K.,  Alice  ().,  and  Arno  (i.,  all  of 
whom  arc  most  intelliirent  and  promisinij. 

Mr.  Grossan  is  a  member  of  Sedfrwick  I'oBt, 
No.  10.  Ci.  A.  ]{.,  alco  of  Silver  Lodge,  No.  21, 
I  O.  O.  F.,  as  well  as  of  the  Valley  Lodge,  No. 
18,  A.  O.  V .  W.,  beini^  prominent  and  resjjected 
in  all. 

Thus  we  see  what  ability,  conj)led  witli  some 
experience  and  training,  can  accomplish,  when 
persistently  and  honestly  a[)plied.  1  oesesscd  of 
a  reasonable  amoiirt  of  this  world's  goods,  a  re- 
cipient of  the  honorable  regard  of  his  fellow- 
men,  secure  in  the  affection  of  his  family,  and 
aeqnitted  by  bis  own  conscience,  his  life  may  l)e 
Baid  to  have  been  a  supreme  success,  for  it  is  by 
all  these  that  true  snccess  is  judged,  and  not 
by  the  noisy  applause  of  the  world,  or  the  glitter- 
ing trap[)ings  of  wealtb. 


tICIIAJlD  COX,  ex -County  Judge  of 
Columbiu  county,  the  genlleman  whose 
name  heads  this  list,  is  one  of  St.  Helen's 
most  e;itei'|)rising  and  progressive  citizens.  He 
came  to  Oregon  in  1877,  located  in  this  city, 
where  he  lias  occupied  some  of  the  most  im 
portant  cjunty  offices.  .Judge  Cox  is  a  native  of 
England,  born  in  1843,  where  he  was  reared 
until  sixteen  years  of  agj.  lie  is  the  eleventh 
'y\  a  family  of  fourteen  children  iiorn  to  Caleb 
T.  and  Sarah  (Mayce)  Cox,  both  of  whom  are 
now  deceased,  the  father  <lying  in  1802;  the 
mother  in  18S8. 

(  Mir  subject  left  his  native  country  in  185U, 
and  emigrated  to  (Quebec.  Canada,  thence  to 
Montreal,  where  he  remained  until  1877.  Dur- 
ini;  his  resideiije  in  Canada  . I  uiIkc  Cox  followed 
railroading  on  tin-  Grand  Trunk  Hues  as  con- 
ductor for  twelve  years,  and  is  a  telegrajih 
operator  by  oceupatioti. 

Cjiou  his  arrival  in  Oregon  he  engaged  as 
bookkeeper  fo;  the  firm  of  Iluelle  brothers, 
mill  owners,  which  position  he  has  continuously 
occupied  ever  since.  He  became  an  American 
citizen  in  1^82,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
an  I'.ctive  mend>erof  the  Kepubliean  party.  He 
was  appointed  County  Treaourer  and  elected  to 
that  otiice  three  successive  terms,  during  the 
third  term  being  appointed  by  Covernor  Mt>ody 


to  fill  the  otiice  of  County  Judge.  During  his 
official  career  his  integrity  and  judgiiicnt  have 
met  with  the  hearty  approval  of  his  constituents 
and  the  jiublic  at  large.  As  an  organizer  he  has 
been  of  considerable  service  to  the  IJciiulilican 
party,  although  he  did  not  do  it  with  any  |ier- 
soral  object  in  view.  lie  is  still  active  in 
|)oliti('al  matters,  as  well  as  progressive  in  tlu' 
advancement  of  the  city  and  county.  He  owns 
some  200  acres  of  land  near  Warren  station, 
eighty  acres  of  which  were  under  a  good  stitte 
of  cultivation,  being  devoted  to  farming  and 
fruit-growing,  aliout  fifteen  acres  being  in  a 
young  orchard  of  l.OOO  Hartlett  pears,  apjiles, 
cherries  and  a  general  variety  of  fruit  trees. 

His  family  consists  of  a  wife  and  four  children 
living.  He  was  joined  in  marriage  in  Canada, 
in  18l!S,  with  ^[iss  Annie  Muckle,  a  nativi^  of 
Canada,  and  their  chiMren  are  named  as  fol- 
lows; Walter  It.,  Alice  Iv,  .lames  C,  Kmily  M. 
nnd  Fredci'iek  ('.,  who  died  in  1878.  Our  snliject 
is  9  num  of  thorough  business  habits  and  execu- 
tive ability,  and  is  a  courteous  and  genial  gentle- 
man, who  has  gained  the  respect  and  t^steem  of 
a  large  circit!  of  friends. 

SOX.  THEODEIS  CAMKItON  is  an  Ore- 
W\  gon  pioneer  of  l>i02,  one  of  tiie  rcputat)le 
farmers,  merchants  and  statesmen  of  .lack- 
son  county.  Mr.  Cameron  is  the  descendant  of 
Scotch  ancestors,  and  was  born  in  I'etersboro,  New 
York.  June  1,1829.  His  pai'ents  were  .lames 
and  Emeline  (Ken<lall)  Camei'on,  both  mitlvesof 
the  Iin)|)ire  State.  The  Kendalls  trace  bH<"k  to 
Enu'iiBli  ancestors,  and  were  airioiiir  the  early 
settlers  of  New  York.  The  family  consisted  of 
eight  children,  the  subject  being  tiie  eldest.  He 
remained  at  home  until  ten  years  of  age,  going 
to  school  and  working  on  the  farm,  when  the 
family  removed  to  Van  Ituren  county,  Iowa. 
In  1H51  he  engaged  in  farming  one  year  on  his 
own  account.  The  next  year  he  left  home, 
cro8se<l  the  plains  with  an  ox  team  to  the 
Wilamette  valley,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
.year  located  in  Jackson  county.  He  followed 
mining  for  the  first  year  and  has  been  interested 
in  that  jiursuitto  some  extent  ever  since.  Ho 
took  up  a  (lunation  claim  at  what  is  now  known 
as  I'lagle  Point,  and  farmed  there  four  years. 
He  tlien  sold  out  and  eMga;;ed  in  the  bakery 
business  at  Sterling.      He  also  carried  on  fitriii- 


IJ 


J:      J 
! 


'■^H> 


Kaf 


1010 


HISTORY    OF    OliBaOK. 


injr  on  Apj)legate  creek  for  two  years,  subse- 
iinently  enjj;agitig  in  tlie  inerclian(ii(*o  business 
at  Uniontouii  for  thirty  years.  He  gave  tlie 
town  its  name  and  was  i'ostniaster  tliere  for 
iit'tccn  years.  Jle  lias  always  been  a  stancii  an<l 
wteaiifast  ivepiiliiican,  and  was  elected  to  tlie 
Htate  .Veseniiiiy  in  ll-i85  for  two  years,  and  to  tlie 
Senate,  in  18!t(),  for  four  years.  He  is  a  man  ot 
retiring  disposition,  and  one  who  has  'lever 
souolit  otlice.  Whatever  position  he  has  ever 
held  lias  never  iieen  sought  by  hitn.  His  prop- 
erty at  Uniontown  consists  nf  uOO  acres,  about 
100  of  wliicii  is  devoted  to<!;cncral  fariniii '.  He 
ownsniininir  property  in  Josephine  county,  and 
is  associated  with  his  brother,  Zaehary,  and 
(ieori^fe  Simmons,  in  th(>  Waldo  Placer  mines,  of 
Josephine  county,  whicli  are  su])posed  to  be  the 
most  valuaide  placer  mining  property  in  the 
State. 

He  was  married  March  ii.  189^!,  loan  estim- 
able lady  of  rctinenicnt  and  culture,  named  Mrs. 
Mary  Krouse.  nee  Uilgcr.  She  is  of  (German 
extraction,  Ixirn  in  Canada  and  reared  in  New 
\ oyV  State.  Mrs.  Oameron  has  an  interesting 
family  of  three  children  by  a  former  mai-riage, 
namely;  Klla  .\..  Frank  O.  and  Margai'etK.  A. 

Mr.  Cameron  belongs  to  the  A.  F.  &  A.  ^I., 
bine  liidge  and  chapter. 


fHAUI.KS  F.  F.FEliF,  the  able  and  cfHcient 
Colonel  of  the  First  Regiment  Oregon 
National  (iuards,  is  a  native  of  New  York 
city,  and  was  horn  in  1849.  His  ancestors 
were  among  tlie  I'nritan  settlers  of  Mystic,  (,'on- 
iiecticut,  and  followed  seafaring  lives  and  ship- 
building interests.  tJliarlcs  E.  IJeebe,  the  father 
of  our  subject,  reninMHl  to  New  York  city  about 
18K),  and  with  a  brother  established  the  firm  of 
Heebe  it  lirother,  engaging  in  a  gcuiernl  tea 
brokerage  and  importing  business,  jmuI  he  was 
mariied  to  a  dauirhter  of  Elias  Wade.  <]r.,  co- 
partner  in  the  prominent  shipping  house  of 
(iriiinell,  Minturn  iV'  Company. 

Chailes  F.  I!e(>be  was  cilucated  at  the  I''lush- 
ing  Institute,  at  Flushing,  Long  Island,  where 
be  graduated  in  18(57,  and  then  entered  his 
lather's  otlice,  and  subsequently  becaii'e  a  pa;t- 
ner  in  the  business,  which  he  continued  n.i  i! 
1881,  wheti  he  withdrew  and  engaged  in  !lie 
cotton  brokerage  business  until  his  de[)a'.  ture 
for    Portland,  Oregon,  in    1883.     In  January, 


188-t,  thd  copartnership  of  Sutton  &  lieebe 
was  estr.blisbed  as  Pacific  coast  agents  for  Sut- 
tonV  Dispatch  l^ine  of  Clipper  Ships,  running 
between  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  with  offices  at  San  Francisco  and  I'ort- 
land.  Tills  line  of  ships  was  established  during 
tht!  California  gold  excitement  of  184!!,  and  as 
public  carriers  have  fulfilled  a  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful service,  and  ai,''  still  dispatching  ships 
from  New  York  ai'd  Ptiiladelphia  to  the  ports 
of  San  Frar.ii-  '  flu  ■  •'  'rland  as  often  as  busi- 
ness demands  V:;.  ■;■  '■  looks  after  the  San 
Francisco  at-ei  ..wl.de  Air.  Bcebe  resides  at 
Portland,  when  tlie  lirtJi  are  also  engaged  in 
ship-chandlery,  and  aie  the  representative 
wholesale  and  retail  houses  of  the  Morthwest. 

The  military  education  of  (Colonel  Hccbe  be- 
gan in  February.  1871,  wiili  his  enlistment  in 
ConipanyH, Seventh  Uegiment  National  Guards, 
State  of  New  York,  with  Colonel  Eminans  Clark 
and  Captain  George  W.  Smith  in  corninand. 
For  seven  and  one-half  years  Mr. Heebe  devoted 
iniicli  time  to  study  and  drill,  anil  was  lionor- 
ably  discharged  in  August,  1878.  He  was  then 
appointed  U|)on  the  stalt'of  General  J.  M.  Varian, 
of  the  Third  Prigade,  as  Aid  deCamp,  with  rank 
of  Lieutenant,  and  he  was  regular!'  promoted  to 
rank  of  (Japtain,  wliicb  position  h  licld  at  the 
date  of  (ieneral  X'arian's  death.  litV'jrel  Louis 
Fitzgerald  was  then  appointed  b  ilie  Cirovernor  to 
fill  the  vacancy,  and  Captaip  L ■■eb-'v.v,  i  tained 
upon  his  staff  and  promou  i>j  '•rip- 'le  Inspec- 
tor of  Uifle  Practice,  with  rimlv  i  !  /d-jji,  which 
office  iie  resigned  in  1882.  Ih  was  then 
appointed  Assistant  in  t)--  I/epartn..  nf  >  Uifle 
Practice  of  the  State  and  only  resigned  to  come 
to  Oregon.  I'rior  to  lS8li  the  military  organ- 
ization of  Oregon  was  in  accord  with  the  old 
State  "  Malishy."  and  was  crude  and  iiii|ierf'ect. 
Company  (i,  which  was  organized  in  188;},  was 
the  only  company  that  could  lay  any  claim  to  a 
high  standanl  of  drill  and  excellence.  With  tlie 
tbreateiieil  Chinese  troubles 'if  1880,  the  citizens 
liecauu'  aroused,  and  Coi;  uiea  1  and  K  were 
organized,  Mr.  I'eebe  be  /  ,v^  .ij'iiinted  additional 
Second  Lieutenant  of  Con- j  ■! ,  I',  .Vtasubse- 
ipieiit  meeting  in  April  i;>  ■  .is  clectijd  First 
Lieutenant,  an(i  in  July  of  th'-  6.ime  year  he  was 
tnade  C;iptain.  At  the  session  of  Legislature  in 
.' u.'U.  iyS7,  a  proper  military  law  was  passed 
and  a  ax  levied  for  the  support  of  the  service. 
This  I  •  i:.  rcased  the  intci'est  that  the  Fi'st  llegi- 
meiit  was  organized  and  at  the  meeting  of  ofH- 
ccrs   in  July.  1887.  Captain  Peebe  was  elected 


iirsToitr   OF  niiMOON. 


imi 


ibe 
it- 


Colonel  of  the  regiment  for  a  term  of  four  years, 
and  was  re-elocted  in  July,  1891.  The'reiri- 
nient  ii^  now  composed  of  nine  eompanies,  A,  (J, 
E,  G,  II,  I,  and  K,  locatecl  at  Portland,  with 
Company  F,  at  Oregon  City  and  Company  IJ,  at 
McMinnville.  Multnomah  county  has  "built  a 
handsome  armory  at  Portland  at  an  expense  of 
|ilO,00(),  covering  an  entire  block,  200  feet 
square,  built  of  stone  and  brick,  and  it  is  the 
finest  and  most  complete  armory  of  the  North- 
west. The  regiment  lias  already  gained  promi- 
nence for  its  excellency  of  drill,  discipline  and 
management.  Great  credit  is  accorded  to  Colo- 
nel lieebe,  the  comiriandant,  who,  as  an  execu- 
tive officer,  disciplinarian  and  drill  instructor 
has  110  superior  in  the  National  Guards  of  the 
United  States.  Chiefly  from  him  has  come  the 
impulse  and  influence  that  have  raised  the  regi- 
ment to  its  present  high  standard  of  excolliMice 
and  efficiency. 


I|BIIAM  S.  CRIDEIl,  one  of  the  repre- 
'  sentative  citizens  of  Dallas,  J'olk  county, 
~r  Oregon,  cast  his  lot  in  this  town  at  an 
early  day,  and  has  done  his  part  toward  advanc- 
ing its  growth  and  best  interests.  Of  his  life 
we  present  the  following  brief  sketch: 

Abram  S.  Crider  was  born  in  ('arlisle,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  19,  1825.  Grandfather  Crider, 
a  native  of  (iermany,  and  a  soldier  under  Na- 
poleon Bonaparte,  !ame  to  America  and  settled 
in  Pennsylvania,  lie  lived  to  be  104  years  of 
age.  His  son,  Jacob  Crider,  father  of  Abram 
S.,  was  a  native  of  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  ])articipant  in  the  war  of  1S12.  The 
mother  of  our  subject,  nee  Mary  Vance,  was 
also  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Jacob  Crider 
and  his  wife  and  four  sons  and  three  daughters, 
Abram  being  next  to  the  youngest  in  the  family, 
and  he  and  his  brother,  a  resident  of  Indiaiui, 
beitig  the  only  survivors. 

Mr.  (!rider  was  reared  iti  his  native  town.  lie 
was  eleven  years  old  when  his  father  died.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  upoti  a  five  years' 
apprenti('C8lii|i  to  the  shoemakers'  trade,  with  the 
undorstiinditig  that  he  was  to  have  three  months' 
schooling  the  first  year  and  the  same  amount  tlii' 
last.  His  employer,  however,  advised  him  to 
wait  and  take  it  all  the  last  year.  When  the 
fifth  year  came  he  found  that  the  man  he 
worked  for  did  not  intend  to  fulfill  his  cotitract 


about  the  schooling,  so  he  left  Carlisle  and 
Went  to  Lewiston,  working  at  his  trade  there  and 
at  other  places.  In  184()  we  find  him  in  Ohio. 
Tliis  was  during  the  campaign  of  "Tippecanoe 
and  Tyler,  toe  "  From  then^  he  went  to  l.>r.v- 
renceburg,  Indiana,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade 
until  1851.  He  continued  thus  cmitloycd  at 
various  places,  a  jK)rtion  of  the  time  having  a 
shop  of  his  own.  until  1858,  tlii«  year  of  his 
marriage,  wiieii  he  purchased  a  farm  of  sixty- 
five  acres  in  Jefferson  county,  Indiana,  and  was 
engaged  in  farming  there  until  18(55. 

In  18t)r),  with  his  wife  and  two  children, 
Jacob  II.  and  Henry  Lee,  and  his  father-in-law 
and  family,  Mr.  Crider  came  to  Oregon,  making 
the  journey  by  way  of  the  Isthmus  of  Pa- 
nama, and  landing  at  Portland.  Tiiey  came 
direct  to  Dallas,  then  a  small  town,  having  only 
two  stores  and  a  mill.  Mr.  (!ridcr  at  once  in- 
vested in  property  here.  He  l)ought  a  five-acre 
tract  in  the  town,  which  he  still  owns.  He  also 
l)onght  a  house  and  lot  on  the  corner  of  Main 
and  ( )ak  street,  where  he  opened  a  shoe  shop 
and  conducted  the  same  until  1871).  From  that 
time  until  1884:  he  was  engaged  in  the  merchan- 
dise business.  In  1884  he  turned  the  store 
over  to  his  son,  and  has  since  been  retired  from 
active  business.  He  still  retains  the  j)roperty 
whi<'li  he  has  from  time  to  time  purchased.  He 
and  his'son  built  the  block  on  Main  street,  bti- 
tween  Mill  and  Church  streets,  a  two-story 
buihling,  38x80  feet. 

Mr.  Crider  was  married  October  28,  1858,  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Sears,  a  native  of  iCentucky. 
They  have' three  chililren.  Tiie  two  already  re- 
ferred to,  who  came  to  Oregon  with  their  par- 
ents, now  have  farms  two  miles  east  of  Dallas. 
The  youngest,  David  ('.,  is  a  native  of  Oregon. 

tARRY'  i:.  CROSS,  State  Senator  from 
Clackamas  county,  and  a  prominent  law- 
yer of  Oregon  City,  is  ii  native  son  of  the 
city,  born  June  ti,  185(').  His  father,  Lorenzo 
Dow  Cross,  was  born  in  ()hioin  18li2.  They 
are  of  Scotch  and  Hnglish  ancestry  and  came  to 
the  United  States  jirevious  to  the  Revolution, 
Senator  Cross'  father  married  Miss  Dorcas  Fair- 
mont, of  Illinois.  Tiiey  crosseil  the  plains  in 
1852,  anil  like  otlmrs  who  crosseil  the  plains 
they  liad  iiut  a  few  dollars  when  they  arrived  in 
Oregon,  and   so  they  took  up  a  donation  claim 


I 


:»■ 


m 


i 


I 


lots 


niHTORY    OF    OREGON. 


in  Cliickatmis  coniitVi  eight  iiiilns  from  tlio 
Saiuly  river.  Here  tlicy  ln'^an  in  a  stiiall  house 
and  lived  here,  niakiiiir  iniproveincnts  until 
\W)2,  and  then  moved  to  Oreifon  (Jity,  where 
Mr.  CrosB  enjrufriMl  in  ('(nitruetino;  and  Imilding. 
'I'he<'  had  ten  children,  nil  lint  the  eldeBt  born 
)i,  T,  ■  u"  Nine  sons  have  been  raised  in  Ore- 
goii  arkahle   circMimstance.     The    writer 

has  t  le  pictnre  of  them  taken   together, 

and  the_^  ,.miii  a  group  of  representative  nu'ii  of 
Oregon.  Their  father  was  a  rejrularly  ordained 
minister  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church, 
and  preached  the  gospel  in  many  places  all  over 
the  State.  Me  died  on  his  fiftieth  birthday. 
Ilia  wife  is  still  living,  in  her  fifty-ninth  year. 

Mr.  Cross  was  sent  to  the  public  schools  of 
Oregon  City  and  to  the  Oreg' ..  City  Seminary, 
lie  read  law  with  the  law  firm  of  Johnson  & 
AIc(iowan,of  Oregon  City,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  January,  187!',  and  began  his  practice 
in  the  city  in  which  he  was  raised  and  educated. 
J5y  prompt  attention  he  has  ac(juired  a  lucrative 
practice.  lie  was  Deputy  County  Treasurer 
one  year,  and  was  elected  again  to  that  ofKco  in 
1878,  and  served  four  years.  In  1890  he  wa.s 
tdectedto  the  State  Senate,  representing  Clack- 
amas and  Clarion  counties. 

Mr.  Cross  was  married,  in  1879,  to  Miss 
Orpha  F.  Tingle,  of  Michigan,  and  the  daughter 
of  Nathan  and  Julia  .1.  Tingle.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cross  havt'  live  children,  born  at  their  home  in 
Oregon  (!ity.  Their  names  are:  Percy  A.,  Dollie, 
Mable,  Dai.sy  and  Gulutta  (ieorgiana.  Mr.  Cross 
is  a  member  of  the  Free-Will  Baptist  Church. 
He  lielped  organize  a  board  of  trade  of  the 
city,  and  was  its  secretary  for  four  years.  He  was 
then  pronu)ted  to  be  the  president  of  the  l)oard. 
lie  is  intelligent,  talented,  wide-awake  and  full 
of  push,  and  is  a  very  creditable  illnstration  of 
the  kind  of  business  men  Oregon  has  |iroduced. 
He  is  interested  in  all  the  subjects  which  affect 
the  welfare  of  Oregon  City,  Clackamas  co\inty 
and  (Jregon  State.  He  is  alivi>  and  ready  to 
lielp  and  prouiota  all  enterprises  calculated  to 
a(h  ance  the  ])ros|)crity  of  the  city.  There  are 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  such  men  in  Oregon  City, 
and  thejji'eat  jrrowth  of  the  city  is  duo  to  their 
efforts. 

?iTr.  ("ross'  fine  residence  sta!ids  on  the  spot 
that  he  jiicked  out  when  a  boy,  as  a  desirable 
building  lot,  resolving  at  the  time  that  he  would 
have  a  home  thereat  some  future  time.  Here- 
sides  hei'c  witli   his   faniily.     The  judgment  of 


the  boy  was  good,  as  it  is  a  fine  place  and  does 
credit  to  his  taste.  He  always  carries  out  what- 
ever he  |)lans.  Ho  is  a  good  worker  and  has  the 
good  will  and  confidence  of  the  city  of  Oregon, 
and  of  tile  large  accjuaintance  he  has  over  the 
State. 


fOLOMON  KIMSEV  CIIOWLEY,  of  Mon- 
mouth,  Polk  county,  is  one  of  Oregon's 
pioneers  of  1852.  He  was  born  in  north- 
west Missouri,  Ray  county,  November  1,  1833. 
He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  who  came  to 
Ainerica  previous  to  the  Kevolntion,  and  were 
partici])ants  in  the  whole  of  the  struggle  for  in- 
dependence. His  father,  John  Crowley,  was  bora 
in  the  State  of  Tennessee  on  Septendjer  27, 1810. 
He  irnrried  Miss  Nancy  Jane  Curtis,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  a  daughter  of  Elijah  Curtis, 
whose  peoj)le  were  early  settlers  of  Tennessee. 
They  had  three  children,  of  whom  Mr.  Crowley 
was  the  eldest,  and  he  and  a  sister  are  the  oidy 
living  ones.  Our  subject  resided  in  Missouri 
until  his  nineteenth  year,  and  in  1852  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon.  His  father  followed  in 
1804,  and  died  in  Polk  county,  August  31, 
1880;  Mr.  Crowley's  mother  had  died  when  he 
was  a  child.  He  had  read  (,'lark's  History  of 
the  North  Pacific  coast,  in  1848,  and  later  he 
got  a  chance  to  drive  a  team  for  a  family,  but 
his  father  refused  to  permit  him  to  go.  Ho 
said:  "When  I  am  of  age  I  will  go,"  and  then 
his  father  consented.  He  then  came  and 
worked  his  way,  but  had  his  own  mule.  On 
the  journey  they  had  many  narrow  escapes, 
but  finally  reached  their  destination.  At 
Ash  Hollow  there  were  many  cases  of  small- 
]iox  and  cholera,  and  the  deaths  were  so  fre- 
quent that  the  way  was  blocked  with  emi- 
grant trains  burying  the  dead,  and  if  our  subjoct 
could  have  beeti  frightened  he  would  have 
turned  back.  It  was  an  appalling  time;  he  saw 
strong  men  who  had  lost  all  their  families,  stand 
and  wi'ing  their  hands  in  agony,  but  he  came 
through  safely.  They  crossed  the  Missouri 
river  on  the  10th  of  May,  and  arrived  at  the 
Dalles  on  the  KJthof  August.  They  had  stopped 
nine  days  at  one  place  with  a  sick  child,  and 
they  rested  every  Sunday;  not  for  religious 
reasons,  but  because  tlu^  believed  it  l)est  for 
them.  While  at  Snake  river  the  cholera  iiroke 
out  in  a  little  company  of  ten  wagons,  and  there 


nisTonv  Oh'  oiih'ao'v 


1013 


were  three  deaths  in  some  live  hours.  Tliii  wliole 
camp  was  panic-stricken.  Mr.  Crowley  never 
missed  a  meal  of  victuals  on  the  whoh'  journey, 
and  lie  was  the  only  one  of  tlu^  company  but 
what  was  sick,  more  or  less,  with  nionntain  fever, 
or  Bomethiiiir  else.  They  came  down  the  Colum- 
bia river  in  a  lari/e  canoe,  and  arrived  at  I'ort- 
land  on  August  19.  lie  came  up  the  Willamette 
in  a  boat,  and  stopped  with  his  uncle,  lienjamin 
Mnnkrea,  two  and  one-half  miles  east  of  Salem, 
and  a  few  days  later  he  came  on  to  I'olk  county, 
to  Bee  the  wife  of  his  great  uncle,  Mrs.  James 
M.  Fnlkerson.  On  the  way  he  fell  in  with  a 
man  who  was  engaged  in  packing  to  the  mines, 
and  Air.  Crowley  engaged  to  pack  with  him  to 
California.  They  went  in  this  way,  with  pack 
animals,  to  Siskiyou  county,  California,  and  he 
packed  and  mined  until  1855.  He  did  not  make 
money  very  fast,  but  came  from  there  with  about 
$1,0U0.  In  1865  he  retired  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, and  was  married  on  .Inly  25  to  Miss  Hannah 
Rebecca  Fulkerson,  the  daughter  of  James  M. 
Fnlkerson,  who  had  come  to  Oregon  in  1847. 
After  the  marriage  they  settled  in  the  foothills 
near  Dallas,  on  a  transferred  claim  of  320  acres 
of  land.  He  resided  on  it  a  year,  got  a  title, 
and  sold  it  in  timber  lots,  and  came  near  to 
Pleasant  Hill;  purchased  160  acres,  built  on  it, 
and  resided  there  until  18~(),  purchasing  in 
this  lime  840  acres  adjoining.  He  then  went 
with  iiis  family  to  the  Sandwich  islands,  on  an 
excursion.  After  his  return  he  purchased  the 
Goodwin  place  of  170  acres,  near  Oak  (irove, 
and  there  he  resided  until  1890,  when  he  |)ur- 
chased  a  home  in  Monmouth,  where  lie  now  re- 
siiles.  He  still  owns  his  ( )ak  (ttovc  and  Pleas- 
ant Hill  ])roperty.  He  and  his  good  wife  have 
had  nine  children,  and  have  raised  them  all, 
and  all  are  yet  living.  They  are  as  follows; 
Mary  V.,  is  IMrs.  W.  Faulk,  and  they  reside  at 
Oak  Grove;  J.  M.  is  f.  prominent  physician  of 
Monmouth;  J.  F.  resides  in  Seattle;  iSaiicy 
Jane  is  the  wife  of  Milton  Taylor,  and  resides 
near  Crowley  Station;  S.  II.  resides  near  Dixey 
Manson,  near  Crowley  Station;  Ada  P>.,  Ktfa  !,. 
and  Ora  P.  are  at  home.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Crowley 
gave  to  each  oiu^  of  their  nine  children,  ninety- 
one  acres.  Crowley  Station  was  named  for  them. 
Mr.  Crowley  has  never  forgotten  his  eaily  min- 
ing days,  and  still  spends  some  time  pros[)ecting 
in  California.  He  is  in  politics  a  Democrat,  but 
is  very  independent  in  bis  ideas.  He  and  his 
wife  are  members  of  the  liaptist  Cbiirch, '("d  he 
has  been  a   Deacon   for   many  years.     He  is  a 


tboronglily  lU'liaiile  man,  and  is  very  highly  es- 
teemed. His  career,  iiiiirked  as  it  lias  been  by 
many  of  the  characteristic  events  of  the  pioneer 
west,  and  by  his  integrityand  enterjnise,  will 
leave  a  C(mspicuous  and  lasting  impression  upon 
the  coninumity. 


fiLIIir  n.  COLLARL),  who  resides  on  a 
L  farm  near  LaFajefte,  is  ranked  with  the 
A  worthy  pioneers  of  1847. 
Mr.  Collard  was  born  in  Illinois  March  2ii, 
1838.  The  Collards  are  of  iMiglisli  ancestry, 
and  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  ibis  coun- 
try. Pelix  A.  (;ollar(l,' his  father,  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1810,  and  his  mother,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Dameris  l>ewis.  was  a  native 
of  Missouri,  and  was  of  German  and  Irish  an- 
cestry. They  were  the  jiarents  of  nine  children, 
six  of  whom  are  now  living.  In  the  Kiist  the 
father  was  a  farmer,  merchant  and  bla<'ksniith. 
He  started  with  his  family  in  1847  across  the 
plains  for  the  far  West,  and  while  on  this 
journey,  and  before  tliey  had  lelt  Mi-isonri,  one 
of  the  children  died.  After  six  months  of  te- 
dious travel,  they  arrived  at  Oswe<fo.  They 
found  shelter  in  a  little  cabin  on  tlureast  side 
of  the  river,  where  they  remained  until  spring. 
Then  they  removed  into  Oregon  City  and  Mr. 
Collard  r>])ened  one  of  the  first  blacksmith  shops 
in  the  town.  Five  years  later  ho  took  up  a 
section  of  land  near  Oswego,  and  on  this  place 
resided  seven  years,  moving  from  it  to  Oregoi; 
(Jity,  where  he  died  in  181)5.  Ho  held  several 
important  oflicial  positions,  and  was  |)roiiiineiitlv 
identitied  with  the  early  liistoiy  of  the  State. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Paptist  Chnrcli.  and 
in  ])()litics  was  a  Democrat.  His  wife,  a  most 
amiable  woman,  higlily  esteemed  by  all  who 
knew  her,  survived  him  live  years. 

Eliliu  n.  Collard  was  educated  at  Oswego 
anil  Oregon  (!ity,  and  learneil  the  trade  of  car- 
penter. In  1S(')3  be  went  to  the  mines  in 
Idaho.  At  one  time  ho  and  his  partner.  W. 
W.  I'ullock.  took  out  forty-four  and  a  fourth 
ounces  of  gold  from  a  pocket  in  one  day.  After 
accumulating  a  nice  sum  of  money  he  invented 
in  mines  and  lost  it  all.  R<>turiiiiig  to  Oicgon 
City  he  worked  in  a  gristmill  ti\c  years.     l''rom 


10U 


UISTOIiY    OF    OliKnON. 


1874  to  1882  he  was  in  Imsinuiss  at  Dayton, 
tlion  \w  was  eloctud  81iurilf  of  Yam  Hill 
county,  and  at  tlm  expiration  of  his  term  was 
ri'-('lui!t(Mt  to  the  Kanie  position,  serving  in  all 
f'oui-  years.  Retii'ing  from  office  he  purchased 
a  farm  of  ninety  acres,  located  two  miles  east  of 
La  Kayette,  anil  here  he  has  since  resided.  IJe 
hnilt  his  attractive  home  soon  after  he  l)onu;ht 
this  property.  Jle  has  since  made  other  im- 
lirovements,  and  now  has  one  of  the  finest  farms 
in  this  \icinity.  In  addition  to  his  farming 
operations,  he  is  also  engaged  in  contracting 
and   Imilding. 

.Mr.  Collard  was  married  in  1806  to  Miss 
Isaplienea  Waldron,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  daughter  of  ISamuel  Waldron.  They 
have  ten  children,  all  natives  of  Oregon, 
namely:  Krank  A.,  who  resides  in  Oregon 
(Mty;  Agnes  A.,  wife  of  W.  II.  Savage,  of 
Oregon  City;  and  Lyman.  Linn,  Ella,  Maud, 
May,  Samuel,  Cleveland,  Harry,  and  (4ertrn(le, 
all  at  home  and  either  graduates  of  or  students 
at  the   '  I  Fayette  school. 

Mr.  Collard  affiliates  with  the  Democratic 
party.  lie  is  a  Past  Master  Mason,  and  is  Past 
(trand  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  JJotli  he  and  his  wife 
are  memhers  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  for 
years  were  pillars  of  the  church  at  Dayton. 


[DWAUD  CONSTABLE,  an  honest  pio- 
neer of  Oregon  who  came  to  the  Territory 
ill  lsf3  and  now  resides  in  Hillsborough, 
Washington  county,  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  Kentucky,  on  June  15,  1816.  His 
father,  Robert  Constable,  was  also  from  Ken- 
tucky and  married  ]'",lizabeth  French,  of  Mary- 
land, of  JMiglish  extraction.  They  had  nine 
children  and  raised  seven. 

Our  subject,  their  fourth  child,  was  raised  on 
a  farm  in  Jackson  county,  Missouri,  and  mar- 
ried there  in  Deccjnber,  1835,  to  Harzilla  Arthur, 
of  Kentucky,  and  the  daughter  of  William 
Arthur,  of  Kentucky.  She  was  fifteen  and  he 
was  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  they  have  lived 
tdjrcther  for  the  past  tifty-sevcu  years  and  have 
been  very  happy,  and  it  is  most  entertaining  to 
hear  them  recount  the  trials  they  endured  in 
crossing  in  lS-13  and  in  making  Oregon  the 
State  of  their  adoption.  When  they  crossed 
the  plains  Dr.  Whitman  was  their  s^uide,  and,in 
accoi'dance  with  his  advice,  they  crossed  the 
lilue  mountains,  and  they  were    the  tirst  train 


that  came  by  tluit  route.  As  it  was  an  entirely 
new  way  they  were  tilled  with  anxiety  for  fear 
of  now  dangers.  The  trains  that  came  after 
knew  that  a  train  had  gone  through  and  felt 
that  "  what  man  has  done,  man  can  do''  !  Mr. 
Jesse  Applegate  was  the  captain  of  the  com- 
pany. The  journey  was  in  some  sense  a  pleas- 
ant one;  part  of  the  way  they  were  guided  by 
an  Indian.  At  another  place  they  made  boats 
of  the  wagon  boxes  and  crossed  several  streams. 
In  fact,  tney  had  all  the  exciting  experiences  of 
early  pioneer  life.  They  walked  all  the  way 
from  Dallas  to  Oregon  City,  and  camped  out  in 
the  rain  and  wet  every  night. 

The  principal  settlement  was  at  Oregon 
City  and  consisted  of  a  few  houses.  Portland 
had  not  been  thought  of,  as  yet,  and  Mr.  Consta- 
ble had  the  choice  of  the  country-,  and  could  as 
well  have  taken  it  at  Portland  as  anywhere 
else,  but  he  was  looking  for  a  good  farm,  so  he 
came  to  Washington  county  and  selected  a 
beautiful  tract,  6217  acres,  five  miles  northeast 
of  what  is  now  Hillsborough.  Here  he  built  his 
little  cabin.  His  worldly  effects  amounted  to 
330  cash,  three  yoke  of  oxen,  a  horse  and  a 
cow.  They  also  had  the  few  things  that  they 
had  brought  with  them  across  the  plains. 
There  were  a  good  many  Indians  in  the  country 
and  a  few  F'reiich  and  English  traders  who  had 
married  Indian  wives.  Mr.  (,'onstable  obtained 
some  scraps  of  harness  leather  from  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company  at  Oregon  City,  out  of 
which  he  made  him  a  pair  of  slioes.  His  wife 
wore  moccasins  and  they  lived  the  first  year  on 
wheat  and  potatoes.  He  had  so  much  work  to 
do  on  the  farm  that  lie  had  but  little  time  for 
hunting,  and  they  had  little  other  meat.  After 
two  years'  residence  in  the  country  Mr.  Con- 
stable's brother,  who  was  a  single  man,  and  who 
had  come  out  with  them,  was  taken  sick  and  died, 
and  the  hearts  of  the  jiioneers  sank  within 
them.  They  suffered  from  homesickness,  and 
coulil  they  have  gotten  away  would  have  bid- 
den the  West  adieu.  They  were  not  able  to 
leave,  and  had  to  live  it  out.  Among  the  things 
they  brought  with  them  were  a  little  flax- 
wheel  and  twenty-five  pounds  of  wool,  with 
which  she  made  yarn  and  knit  stockings  and 
sold  them  to  obtain  the  money  for  other  needed 
things.  Pea  coflFee  served  them  for  drink.  In 
1849  the  gold  excitement  took  Mr.  ( 'onstable 
to  California,  where  he  mined  a  short  time  with 
success,  but  the  thought  of  his  young  wife  in 
the  wilds  1'    Oregon  brought  hinj  back,    audit 


HISTOnr    OF    OREGON. 


1015 


was  a  pleasing  surprise  to  her  tn  see  liini.  Mr. 
Constable  tiien  settled  down  to  industrious 
efforts  on  his  farm,  and  in  18o'2  built  a  good 
house,  which  is  still  on  the  place  lu'  farmed  suc- 
cessfully from  1844  to  1887.  He  then  retired 
from  it  to  a  pleasant  home  which  he  bought 
and  owns  in  llillsborough.  Their  children  are 
all  settled  in  lite,  and  the  worthy  pioneers  re- 
side alone,  as  they  did  when  they  began  til'ty- 
seven  years  ago.  They  are  both  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  good  health,  and  ure  esteemed  by  all 
who  know  them. 

Their  union  has  been  blessed  with  ten  chil- 
dren: Mnhala,  the  eldest,  married  Joseph 
llaynes;  William  died  in  his  third  year;  Eliza- 
beth is  the  wife  of  John  Sliute;  Amanda  Jane 
is  the  wife  of  Van  Sherman;  Kichani's  history 
is  in  this  book;  Martha  is  the  wife  of  Samuel 
Storms;  Mary  married  Aaron  Malon;  Orucilla 
is  the  wife  of  Hammond  Maclain;  Minerva 
iij.'rried  Charles  Bunch,  and  he  lost  his  life  in  a 
powder-mill  explosion;  Melcssa  died  when  a 
year  and  a  half  old.  Two  of  the  children  own 
homes  on  each  side  of  the  farm  owned  by  Mr. 
Constable,  which  is  now  worth  $75  per  acre. 
It  is  by  the  industry  of  these  two  that  they  now 
enjoy  plenty. 


fAMES  L.  COWAX,  banker,  several  times 
Mayor  of  Albany,  and  one  of  the  ablest 
financiers  of  the  State,  was  born  in  Lexing- 
ton, Missouri,  in  184;J.  His  parents,  Andrew 
and  Nancy  (Hayes)  Cowan,  were  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky, from  which  State  they  emigrated  in  18~'8 
to  Missouri,  which  latter  place  was  then  a  new 
country  and  but  little  developed.  Here  his 
father  engaged  in  farming  and  the  stock  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  continued  very  successfully 
until  the  spring  of  1832,  whi-n  he  converted  his 
property  into  money,  and  turned  his  face  west- 
ward, toward  the  Star  of  ETiipire.  He  and  his 
brother-in-law,  Gilmore  Hayes,  formed  a  co- 
partnership, leaving  Missouri  with  eight  wagons, 
some  ilrawn  by  horses  and  8on)e  by  oxen,  and 
with  their  families  started  on  their  long  jo>ir- 
ney  overland.  Mrs.  Hayes  and  two  children 
died  upon  the  plains,  stricken  with  cholera, 
which  was  epidemic  that  season.  The  train  then 
separated,  and  Mr.  Cowan  and  his  family  made 
all  speed  with  the  horse  teams,  traveling  night 
and  day,  thus  escaping  this  dread  disease. 


.\rrivingat  the  Dalles,  he  engaged  in  the  pur- 
chase of  emigrant  cattle,  which  was  continued 
by  Mr.  Hayes  after  his  arrival,  when  Mr.  Cowan 
and  family  proceeded  to  I'ortland,  traveling 
upon  a  batteau  to  the  Cascades,  and  after  making 
the  portage  proceeding  upon  a  small  river 
steamer.  The  wititer  of  185'2-'r)3  was  so  severe 
in  the  vicinity  east  of  the  mountains  that  the 
stock  enterprise  of  Cowan  &  Hayes  jiroved  a 
failure,  losing  in  the  venture  400  head  of  cattle. 
Mr.  ('owan  passed  the  lirst  winter  in  Portland, 
removing  in  the  spring  of  185;i  to  Olympia,  and 
in  the  following  August  removed  to  Linn  county, 
locating  upon  820  acres,  situated  seven  miles 
southeast  of  .Mbaiiy  Here  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, 8ubsc(|uently  i.>  oming  a  dealer  in  sfoi'k, 
driving  cattle  froi'i  the  Willamette  valley  to 
the  minea  in  Idaho.  This  business  he  followed 
until  abo\it  18(i0,  when  he  settled  on  his  farm 
until  the  dea;h  of  his  wife,  in  1880,  since  when 
he  has  resided  with  his  son,  James. 

Our  subject  was  educated  atSantiam  .Vcadeiny 
and  Willamette  University,  and  in  1801  went 
East  to  attend  the  Wesleyan  I'nivereity,  at  Dela- 
ware, Ohio;  but.  owing  to  the  friction  caused 
by  the  war,  and  the  unsettled  condition  of  the 
country,  he  returned  to  Oregon  in  1802.  He 
soon  after  engaged  in  trading  among  the*  Idaho 
mines,  purchasing  supplies  at  Portland,  which 
were  shipped  to  Umatilla,  ami  from  there  were 
packed  to  Poise  City,  Idaho.  He  continued  in 
this  business  for  three  years,  then  engaging  in 
the  general  mercantile  business  at  Lebanon,  con- 
tinuing ill  that  pursuit  until  1880.  He  then 
sold  out  and  established  the  Hank  of  Lebanon, 
a  private  banking  institution,  which  he  con- 
ducted as  sole  proprietor.  In  1885  he  came  to 
Albany,  where  he  formed  a  co-partnership  with 
J.  W.  Cusick  in  the  private  banking  establish- 
ment of  Cowan  &  Cusick.  This  partnership 
was  continued  until  1888,  when  Mr.  Cusick 
withdrew,  and  the  firm  was  changed  to  Cowan, 
Ualston  &  Chamberlain.  It  continued  as  such 
until  181)0.  when  the  interests  were  merged 
into  the  Linn  Coimty  National  Hank,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  iJlOO.ilOO,  Mr.  Cowan  still  re- 
taining the  position  of  jiresidcnt  and  manager. 
The  bank  purchascil  the  one-story  brick  biiihl- 
ing,  25  X  100  feet,  on  First  street,  to  which  they 
added  a  second  story,  ami  retitted  the  entire  first 
tloor  for  lianking  purposes,  making  a  spacious 
and  Convenient  iiusiness  house. 

.Mr.  Cowan  was  married  in  Coi\allis,  in  1800, 
to   Miss   S.    E.   Hamilton,  daughter  of  W  \\.. 


HI 


JOKl 


UISTOHr    OF    ORHQON. 


■ 

i 


Ilmiiiltoii.  a  Californiii  pionoer,  wlio  ctiiiie  to 
Ori'iTDii  ill  IS(II).  Tliuv  have  one  cliilil,  a  .son, 
William  Hamilton. 

Notwitlistanilini:  liis  many  private  iiitei'Chts, 
Mr.  Cowiiii  HiHJs  time  to  serve  tiie  public  in- 
odii'ial  cnjiacitit'S  as  wi-ll,  liaviiit^  ecrvuci  credit- 
alily  for  ono  term  as  Conntv  t'lerk.  to  wliicli 
office  he  was  clucted  in  187S.  iSiiicc  then  he 
has  served  a  couple  of  terms  as  Mayor  of  the 
ci'y  of  Lebanon,  and  was  elected  liy  the  people 
of  Alliiiny,  reirardless  of  jiiirty,  to  the  chief 
magiBtracy  of  their  city,  which  oHice  he  held  for 
a  period  of  three  terms.  He  has  numerous  pri- 
vate interests,  amon^  w)iich  are  the  Albany 
Mlninif  Company,  of  which  he  is  president,  be- 
sides which  he  still  continues  his  banking  inter- 
ests in  Lebanon.  Ho  fraternizes  socially  with 
the  Kni>i;ht8  Templar  and  the  Alcalda  Shrine, 
F.  &  \.  M.  He  Would  serve  as  a  typical  Ore- 
{i;onian  wei-e  the  rest  of  her  inhabitants  sud- 
denly to  disappear,  for  in  him  we  have  all  those 
traits  of  <'haracter  which  have  conspired  to  build 
up  this  ghrious  commonwealth,  and  have  made 
hoi'  a  star  of  the  first  magnitude  in  our  brilliant 
constellation  of  States. 


fU.  COOPEfi.  a  business  man  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  a  pioneer  of  1852,  was  born 
9  \(,'veinber  5,  18iJ0,  in  Sangamon  county, 
Hlinois.  His  father,  L.  L.  Cooper,  was  born  in 
Kentucky,  in  lYUC),  and  was  married  to  Mary 
Lindsay  in  1823.  His  wife  was  liorn  in  Ken- 
tucky, in  1807. 

John  Ii.  Cooper,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
came  to  Oregon  in  18o2,  and  settled  in  Cooper 
Hollow,  which  place  takes  its  name  from  liis 
family.  Mr.  Cooper  did  not  enjoy  many  ad- 
vantages in  im  educational  line,  as  almost  all  of 
his  schooling  was  received  in  a  small  log  house 
in  Missouri;  but,  notwithstanding  his  limited 
education,  he  stiiiids  to-day  on  a  par  with  all  tlie 
leading  men  in  the  coininnnity.  His  large 
brickyard  has  furnished  material  for  nearly  all 
the  business  houses  in  Independence,  liis  is 
the  only  successful  one  in  the  county,  and  he 
lias  lieeii  the  owner  of  it  for  some  time.  In 
addition  to  his  brick-yard  and  a  large  hop-yard, 
Mr.  ('Ooper  is  engaged  in  various  business  enter- 
prises in  Independence.  He  was  one  of  those 
urave  citizens  who  engaged  in  the  Rogue  river 
war  of  1855-'50,  under  Colonel  Kelsay  and 
Major  IJrnce. 


Mr.  Cooper  was  married  April  3,  1804,  to 
Miss  Larina  Williams,  daughter  of  Leonard 
Williams,  who  caine  to  Oregon  in  IS-l'.l,  and 
was  the  first  business  man  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  in  Independence.  Mrs.  Cooper 
was  born  Alarch  29,  1819.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cooper  have  liml  six  children  born  to  them, 
namely;  Uoselia  M.,  who  married  Oscar  Dick- 
son; doliii  A.;  Lillian,  who  recently  married 
Dr.  Frank  B.  Faton,  an  eminent  physician  of 
Portland;  I'earle,  Clyde.  Early  and  Myrtle.  All 
of  these  are  living  e.\ce|)t  Early. 

Mr.  Cooper  is  a  descendant  of  Scotch  and 
French  ancestors,  and  he  is  a  credit  to  them, 
being  one  of  the  most  enterprising  of  the  busi- 
ness men  of  the  little  city  of  Independence. 
Mr.  Coo|)er  has  as  promising  a  future  as  any 
man  in  the  county  of  Polk. 


iENZO  .JAMES  MORSE,  one  of  i'ort- 
laiid's  successful  business  men,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Adams.  Jefferson  county.  New 
York,  born  Ajuil  1,  1847.  His  father,  James 
Morse,  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  and  the  ances- 
try of  the  family  came  from  England  to  the 
colony  prior  to  the  Revolution.  They  were 
Congregationalists,  and  were  engage<l  in  busi- 
ness. They  were  men  of  worth  and  the  highest 
reliability.  Mr.  .lames  Morse  married  Miss 
Curtis,  and  they  had  five  children,  of  whom 
four  are  living.  W^hen  Menzo  was  seven  years 
olil  they  removed  to  Illinois,  where  lie  was  raised 
until  he  was  fourteen;  when  the  civil  war  broke 
out,  and  .is  soon  as  he  was  old  enough  to  be  re- 
ceived, he  enlisted  in  the  fall  of  18(53,  when  he 
was  in  his  seventeenth  year,  in  Company  A, 
Si.xty-fonrth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
served  to  the  close  of  the  war,  and  participated 
in  twenty-one  engagements,  an<l  was  with  Sher- 
man in  the  battles  that  led  to  the  cajitnre  of 
Atlanta,  and  in  the  march  to  the  sea.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  grand  review  at  Washington, 
and  was  mustered  out  on  the  24th  of  July, 
186.").  and  came  home  unhurt,  aside  from 
a  Hesh  wound,  received  from  a  piece  of  shell  on 
the  22d  of  July,  the  day  on  wdiich  General 
McPherson  fell.  Menzo  retii'cd  to  Illinois 
and  learned  the  trade  of  candy- maker  and  fol- 
lowed that  business  until  1878,  when  he  came 
to  Oakland,  California,  and  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  jiicture  frames.  He  continued 
this  for  four  years,  and  then  sold  out  and  came 


HISTORY    OF    OliEOON. 


1017 


to  I'ortlaiul,  Ori'ffon,  and  i'nn;ivo;e(l  in  liis  iiresent 
linsincss  with  iiig  bi'Dtlier  Cimrles  ('.  Tliey 
were  partMci'8  for  six  years,  and  then  Mr.  Morsi^ 
lioni^ht  ont  his  brother  and  coiitinned  if  iiinieult'. 
The  business  was  located  on  tht' corner  of  Second 

and streets,  but   is   now   located   in  the 

Abinirfon  luiihiinfr,  l(i8  Tiiird  street.  Mr. 
Morse  is  now  the  soU' owner  of  the  Orej^on  Pict- 
ure Frame  Company,  and  is  dealing  larijely  in 
iiioldinir,  mirrors,  frames,  pictures,  engravinjfs, 
etciiinifs,  etc.,  and  he  is  enjoying  a  hirije  and 
lucrative  l)usiiie8s  that  he  has  liuilt  up  by  the 
honorable  and  liberal  metlujds,  with  which  he 
conducts  all  his  atJairs. 

lie  was  married,  in  1870,  to  i[iss  Amelia  E. 
Ilniiter,  of  I'ufl'alo,  New  York,  and  they  liave 
two  children,  a  son  and  a  daui.;litfr,  Ray  8.,  born 
in  Illinois,  assistinir  his  father  in  the  business, 
and  Eva  L.,  born  in  ( )akland,  Califoiiiiu.  She 
is  at  home  with  her  parents.  Mr.  Morse  is  a 
Conwregatiunalist,  a  life-long  Uepublican  and  a 
member  of  the  (r.  A.  It.  lie  is  Past  Com- 
mander of  the  Governor  Wright  Post,  and  he 
represented  his  jiost  at  the  National  Encamp- 
ment, held  at  Portland,  Maine,  lie  is  a  capable 
business  man,  and  is  hiixhiy  esteemed  by  all  who 
know  liim. 


ILIAM  S.  MOUKIS,  a  well-to-do  farmer, 
an  Oregon  j)ioneer  of  1851,  and  forty-one 
years  a  resident  of  Korth  Yam  Hill,  is 
justly  entitled  to  one  of  the  jilaces  of  honor  in 
the  history  of  the  State,  in  which  he  has  borne 
an  humble  part  in  upbuilding. 

Mr.  Morris  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  No- 
vember 15,  1811.  llis  ancestors  originated  in 
Denmark.  His  parents,  William  and  Priscilla 
(Springer)  Morris,  natives  of  Pennsylvania, 
reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  oidy  two  of 
whom  are  now  living;  P]liam  S.  and  Martin 
Luther.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the 
eldest  son.  He  grew  up  on  his  father's  farm, 
was  early  inured  to  hard  work,  and  his  limited 
education  was  receivi'd  in  the  district  schools. 

In  1840  Mr.  Morris  was  married  to  Miss 
Susannah  (rood,  wlio  was  born  in  Missouri  and 
reared  in  Wisconsin.  Her  father,  Kichiird 
(iood,  still  a  resident  of  Missouri,  is  now  in  his 
ninetieth  year.  In  the  sjiring  of  1851,  with 
their  five  ciiildnm,  they  started  on  the  long  jour- 
ney across  the  plains  for  (Jregon,  their  wagons 


being  drawn  by  o.\en.  Tlu'  pli'i,sure  of  this 
trip  was  unmnrred  by  sickiicss,  and  on  the  2oth 
of  Septcinl)er,  1851,  after  a  most  clelightful 
journey,  they  arrived  at  North  Yam  Hill, 
within  a  mile  of  whei'e  they  now  reside.  Irom 
Charles  Hubbard  Mr.  Morris  purchased  a  dona- 
tioii  claim,  p.iying  for  it  ^500.  A  log  house 
hud  been  built  on  it,  and  ti\e  acres  were  clearetl, 
tlie  whole  ti'act  comjirising  318  acres.  Here 
they  liav(>  since  resided,  engaged  in  general 
farming  and  sto(!k-raising. 

Mr,  and  Mrs.  Morris  are  the  parents  of  the 
following  named  children:  Sarah  P.,  widow  of 
Andrew  .1.  Turner;  John  Calvin,  who  is  married 
and  resides  on  a  farm  near  his  father;  Harriet, 
wife  of  Fred  Chatfield,died  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
si.\  years,  leaving  three  children;  .1  iistin  (i.,  who 
is  married  and  settled  near  the  old  homestead; 
Charles  E.,  who  is  married.  li\e>  in  (iohlendale, 
Washington;  Martin  Luther,  who  is  married 
and  settled  on  a  farm;  Joan  M.,  wife  of  ('ass 
Tuplett,  a  farmer;  Jordan  D.  is  married  and  en- 
gaged in  farming;  and  William  Richard,  Morris 
(lood  and  Elizabeth  Malvina,  nil  single  and  at 
home. 

Mr.  Morris  has  iieen  n  life  long  Republican. 
He  has  never  joined  anv  s(jcicty.  and  has  never 
held  any  otHce  except  in  his  school  district.  He 
and  his  good  wife  are  now  spending  the  evening 
of  their  useful  and  active  lives  in  the  home 
which  their  industry  has  provided,  and  under  the 
shadow  of  the  vines  and  trees  that  have  grown 
up  since  they  settled  here.  These  trees  stretch 
their  friendly  branches  over  his  head  and  seem 
to  say;  '■  Rest,  rest,  old  pioneer,  under  our 
j)rotecting  branches.  We  are  old  friends,  tried 
and  true."  • 


|-§^«=|{,^-4h3...-MC4 


(LSIA  WRIGHT,  one  of  the  most  enter- 
j)i'ising  and  successful  business  men  of 
MeMinnville,  was  born  in  Illinois.  April 
9,  185L  His  father,  W.  1).  Wright,  was  tjorn 
in  Kentucky,  in  1817,  and  is  of  English  ances- 
try, lie  marrieil  Miss  Susie  Robertson,  a  na- 
tive of  his  own  .State,  and  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Luke  Robertson,  a  jirominent  Kentuckian. 
They  had  seven  children,  four  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing. In  184(),  they  i-einoved  to  Illinois,  where 
the  subject  of  our  sketch,  tlu*  fourth  child,  was 
born. 


1018 


n  I  STORY    OF   ORROON. 


1: 


He  was  reared  on  ii  farm  until  lie  reached 
manhood,  and  reeeived  very  limited  educa- 
tional advHiitaf^cs,  attendiiijf  the  district  Hchool 
ill  his  vicinity. 

On  arriving  iit  his  twentieth  year  of  age.  he 
left  home  and  caino  to  Oregon,  where  he  em- 
harked  in  life  for  himself.  In  1871  he  arrived 
in  McNfinnville  without  money  and  among 
titranfrnfri.  lie  commenced  hy  working  as  a 
farm  hand,  and  then  rented  land  for  three 
years  on  shares,  tiimlly  purchasing  217  acres  of 
choice  agricultural  land,  located  four  miles 
south  of  McMinnville.  lie  purchased  the  land 
on  time,  for  So.OOO,  which  was  a  considerablo 
uiulertaking  for  a  young  man,  hut  by  un- 
ceasing industry,  he  succeeded  in  clearing  up 
the  property,  and  highly  cultivated  it,  not  only 
paying  for  the  land,  hut  ahso  making  valuable 
improvements  on  it.  Some  time  after  getting 
fairly  started  in  Oregon,  he  became  the  owner 
of  a  horse-power  threshing  machine,  which  he 
ran  for  some  years,  wdieii  the  steam  thresher 
was  introduced,  and  he  then  purchased  one  of 
the  latter,  and  later  a  second  one,  with  which  he 
has.  during  nil  these  years,  done  a  large  share 
of  the  threshing  in  his  county. 

In  1884  he  retired  from  the  farm,  which  he 
still  however  continues  to  own,  and  came  to 
McMinnville.  where  he  purchased  a  good  home 
on  Fifth  street,  where  he  has  since  resided. 

In  1887  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  lead- 
ing harness  and  saddlery  business  in  the  city, 
and  in  time  he  purchased  the  whole  of  the 
business.  This,  as  well  as  his  farm  and  thresh- 
ing, he  still  continues  to  manage,  and  is  meet- 
ing with  deserved  prosperity.  He  has  made 
several  valuable  additions  to  the  city  in  the  way 
of  erecting  good  buildings.  lie  built  a  good 
brick  block,  and  is  one  of  the  owners  of  the  fine 
Union  Block,  besides  owning  the  large  building, 
in  which  he  has  bin  harness  business.  He  is  a 
stockholder  in  the  fair  ground  and  race  track, 
of  which  he  is  one  of  the  directors. 

In  187-1  he  was  happily  married  to  Miss 
Hannah  Hemstock,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a 
native  of  Wisconsin.  She  is  a  daucrhter  of  Mr. 
William  Hemstock.  a  highly  resjH'cted  citizen 
of  this  vicinity.  They  have  two  children,  Am- 
boy  M.  and  William  Kn:'l.  The  daughter  is  at 
college,  and  the  son  is  attending  the  ilc^Iinn- 
ville  High  School. 

Politically.  Mr.  Wright  is  a  Democrat,  and 
for  several  years  has  served  as  a  member  of  the 


City  Council,  discharging  his  duties  in  that 
capacity  with  ability  and  lioncsty.  He  is  cliair- 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Streets,  and  is  doing 
all  in  his  oower  to  beautify  this  already  charm- 
ing city  of  McMinnville.  (tuided  l)y  such  able 
pilots  she  cannot  fail  to  continue  successfully 
on  her  alreaily  prosperous  course.  He  is  a 
member  in  good  standing  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
in  the  welfare  of  which  he  takes  a  personal  in- 
terest, believing  it  to  be  a  most  commendable 
society. 

Thus,  under  the  fostering  care  of  his  adopted 
Sta  e,  this  energetic  Bv^n  of  modern  pusli  is 
ma  dug  his  way  gradually,  butsurely,  to  wealth, 
already  enjoying  those  most  valuable  gifts  of 
honor,  and  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-ineii. 


'>'>i:i%->>f«-^S:5<^ 


iON.  E.  W.  CONYKRS,  the  pioneer  mer- 
chant of  Clatskanie,  Columbia  county, 
Oregon,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky, born  December  2,  18211,  and  is  an  Ore- 
gon pioneer  of  1852.  He  was  the  son  of  Enoch 
and  Mary  (Williams)  Conyers.  In  a  family  of 
eight  children  our  subject  was  the  sixth  in 
order  of  birth,  and  was  reared  and  educated  at 
Quincy,  Illinois,  whither  his  parents  had  moved 
about  18i31.  The  father  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, a  prominent  man  in  public  affairs,  and 
during  his  residence  in  Quincy  he  engaged  ex- 
tensively in  the  manufacture  of  brick,  and  in 
that  city  he  was  honored  by  an  election  as 
Mayor,  being  the  second  incumbent  in  that 
office.  He  died  in  184U,  his  estimable  wife 
having  died  some  years  before. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  followed  many 
pursuits,  beginning  with  a  training  on  a  farm, 
lie  learned  telegraphing,  and  carried  the  first 
instrument  into  the  city  of  Hurlington,  Iowa,  in 
the  fall  of  1848.  Later  in  life  he  learned  the 
trade  of  bricklaying,  which  occupation  he  fol- 
lowed for  several  years.  He  is  a  veteran  of  the 
Mexican  war,  having  enlisted  in  1846  in  the 
First  liegiment  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry, 
under  Captain  John  Hardin,  and  his  command 
served  uiidi^  (ieneral  Taylor,  and  participated 
in  the  fainou:»  battle  of  Biieiia  Vista. 

Mr.  Conyi  rs  crossed  the  plains  with  an  ox 
team,  by  way  of  the  old  emigrant  route  to  Ore- 
gon, in  1852.  and  engaged  actively  in  farming 
from  1855  to  1877.     He  started  the  first  store 


■  I  »: 
\4 


IIIsrOHY    i)F    OttKGON. 


tiilll 


ill  tliis  j)lH<'e,  Hiid  iilso  cdiiiiimiulcd  tliti  tirst 
steam buat  171  tlu«  Cliitskunio  rivur,  liutweuii  this 
city  1111(1  till'  ('oliinil)ia  river,  tlio  veenul  liciiiif  a 
j)ro|)eller,  twtiiity-six  feet  loiif^  and  of  tiireo  tons 
iiurdun,  cidlec'  tlio  Novelty.  He  alho  engaged 
in  milling  fo'  a  fow  years,  but  sold  out  his  in- 
terest ill  l88'-J.  and  moved  to  McMiiinville, 
where  he  tanned  niitil  lH8',t,  when  he  returned 
to  ('latskanie  and  again  enj^aged  in  mercantile 
liursnits.  His  stock  consists  of  general  iner- 
clianilise,  including  hardware  and  drugs,  and 
[irohably  is  the  largest  aiul  best  selecteil  stock 
to  be  found  north  of  I'orllaiid.  The  businesa 
extends  both  north  and  south  into  adjacent  coun- 
tries. 

Our  subject  also  controls  the  weekly  jour- 
nal, the  Clatskanie  Chief,  lie  has  been  a  jironi- 
inent  Uepublican  since  tlie  foriniitioii  of  the 
party,  ana  was  formerly  an  old-line  Whig.  He 
was  elected  State  liepresentative  in  18(10,  and 
two  years  later  ho  was  re-electod.  In  the  Ma- 
sonic order  ho  is  a  valued  member.  His  family 
consists  of  seven  living  children,  two  others 
having  died  while  young.  His  marriage"  took 
place  October  12,  li^5;5,  to  Miss  Hannah  Hryant, 
a  native  of  Indiana.  The  names  of  the  children 
are  as  follows:  Nancy  A.,  wife  of  W.  K.  Tich- 
enor;  William  K.,  who  is  associated  with  liir; 
father  in  business;  Milli(!cnt  8.,  now  Mrs.  Wal- 
ter H.  Durham;  Charles  L.,  also  in  business 
with  his  father;  Hannah  E.,  Margaret  A.  and 
Lillian  reside  with  their  father. 


HCHARl)  CONSTAHfiv  ^  one  of  Ore- 
gon's native  sons,  ai'l  i;  'P  gaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  <ioors,  easlies  and  blinds 
in  Hillsboro.  He  was  born  in  Washington 
county,  on  his  father's  donation  claim,  five  miles 
northwest  of  the  city  of  Hillsboro  on  the  11th  of 
February,  1852.  Richard,  who  was  the  fifth 
child  of  ten  children,  was  raised  on  the  farm  on 
which  he  was  born,  and  was  sent  to  the  public 
schools. 

When  he  was  of  age  he  was  given  a  portion 
of  his  father's  donation  claim,  on  which  he  imilt 
and  resided  for  for  fourteen  years,  farming  and 
improving  the  property.  He  then  sold  and 
came  to  Hillsboro,  and  purchased  an  interest  in 
the  flouring  mill,  and  later  built  his  sash  and 
door  mill,  and  he  is  now^  engaged  in  both  eiiter- 
prietfrt.     He  has  a  good  local  business,  as  wejl  as 


a  coiisideralile  ilemand  for  ids  entrrnrisos  in 
other  places.  He  is  aUo  one  of  the  >toekhnli|- 
ers  and  one  of  the  orgaiii/.i^s  of  the  HillsbiHi) 
('o-oj)erativij  Company,  dealing  largely  in  hard- 
ware  anil  farm  implements. 

In  1878  Mr. Constable  married  Miss  Margiiret 
M.  Titus,  aimtive  of  Illinois.  They  have  tlireo 
children;  .\rcliie  M.,  (ieorge  E.  aiid  Ethel  K. 
Mr.  Constable's  jiolitics  are  i)emocriitic,  ami  he 
was  nominated  by  his  Jiarty  for  Assessor  of  the 
county,  running  ahciid  of  his  ticket  by  '200 
votes.  Spending  his  life  in  the  county  in  "which 
he  wap  born,  and  in  which  he  has  always  resided, 
has  not  made  him  one-sided.  His  lite  has  been 
an  industrious  and  honorable  one,  and  ho  has 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citi/.ens. 


-^^•♦^•►>¥- 


NDIIKW  DAVIDSON-,  deceased,  was 
one  of  the  respected  pioneers  of  Orcoii. 
He  came  here  in  184(),  years  before  Ore- 
gon was  a  State,  and  as  an  humble  factor, 
though  none  the  less  a  jiotent  one.  did  his  part 
in  hel])ingto  develop  its  resources,  and  advance 
its  interests. 

Andrew  Davidson  was  born  in  IJedford,  Ten- 
nessee, in  1812.  The  Davidsons  were  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  and  were  early  settlers  of  Teiines- 
eee.  In  that  State  and  Missouri  Mr.  Davidson 
was  reared,  and  in  1815  ho  married  the  widow 
of  William  (Jweiis,  who  was  horn  in  Iiidiami  in 
1822,  daughter  of  Carney  (ioodricli,  of  New 
York.  Soon  after  their  nnirriiigc  they  cinssed 
the  plains  to  this  State.  They  journeyed  in 
safety  to  Fort  Hall,  then  took  the  Ap'plegate 
cnt-ott',  and  on  that  part  of  the  route  met  with 
much  suffering,  and  came  near  losing  their 
lives.  Travel  was  delayed,  provision-^  ran  short, 
the  Indians  captured  some  of  their  stock,  and 
at  last  they  were  obliged  to  leave  their  wagons, 
|)ack  their  things  on  the  few  o\en  they  had  left, 
and  make  their  weary  way  on  foot,  carrying  the 
children.  One  of  their  party  was  killed,  k'i 
nally  reaching  Oregon,  they' wintered  at  Day- 
ton, in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  in  May,  1817, 
came  to  the  donation  claim  that  now  joins  Halls- 
ton  on  the  east.  Their  first  home  on  the  new 
farm  was  a  rude  one.  ln<lcc(l,  it  was  little 
more  than  a  pen  made  of  rails,  but  it  served  as 
a  shelter  for  them,  and  hero  .Mrs.  Davidson 
lived  all  sninmer  while  her  husband  went  eiidit- 
eeii    miles  to  Dayton,    to    work.     There  were 


low 


nrsroHY  of  nnnomf. 


i!  n 


liiiiiilrt>(lH  (if  ln<liiiiirt  all  iirutiixl  iicr.  Sliti  never 
(li'ciiivuil  tlieiii,  ami  liy  lior  kiiiiltn'>i  j^uineil  their 
fri('ii(lMlii|i.  Ill  time  Mr.  I)avi(iB()ii  HiicccodiMl 
ill  iiii|)r<)viiiM  hi.,  riiriii  iind  ereetiii};;  (•Diiifortiililc 
|piiii(iiiif{fi.  lie  ami  his  wife  were  Mi^tJKJili.tti, 
liiit  later  jdiiiiMl  tiie  I'liiteil  lli'etluv'ii  ('iiili'uh. 
Ill  pulitiea  lie  wii^  a  Democrat. 

Mrn.  I)a\'iilit(iii  Imd  two  ehildreii  l»y  lier  Hrst 
inBrriuj.{e,  imiiii-ly:  Mary  Jane  and  .Naney  .Vim 
Owens.  She  and  Mr.  l)avid8oii  jiad  nine  chil- 
dren, two  of  whom  died  in  childhood.  Mary 
■  liiiie,  who  wa>  married  and  hii<l  three  cliildrcii, 
died  when  in  her  twenty-til'th  year,  her  hiiHiiamI 
and  children  also  deceased;  Nancy  Ann,  wife  of 
tlesse  Newliili,  resides  in  i'allBton;  Sahina  H., 
wife  of  John  MeUulloch,  lives  on  a  fiirm  near 
her  mother;  Marfraret  I),  i.s  the  wife  ot  .lohii 
Cnmpliell;  Kllen  J',  wife  of  Uiiieth  (Jam|)hell; 
.\maiida  married  John  Curiieliiis;  Ariiiin<la, 
wife  of  John  l'hi|i|)s;  Olive,  wife  of  William 
Wells;   and  Dollie.  wife  of   Dudley  Sailinir. 

After  a  l)rief  illne>s,  Mr.  DavidBoii  died  <if 
rheiinialisiii  of  the  heart,  in  1884.  His  estate 
was  divided  amoni,'  the  heirs,  and  the  widow 
gtill  retains  lier  portion  of  the  donation  claim 
Biid  has  it  rented.  Now  at  the  age  of  seventy 
years  she  is  wcdl  preserved  lioth  mentally  and 
physically.  She  has  thirty-six  grandchildren, 
nnd  seven  jfroat-graiidcliiKlreii. 


s?-'^^|»-c|S>  i=^;=l-'^~ 


(llTill'U  K.  DAUT,  is  a  native  son  of 
California,  liaviiif^  heen  horn  in  that  State, 
Fehriiary  -k  18.'")3,  and  the  second  child  of 
three  children,  horn  to  Harrison  and-  !,.  I'".  Dart, 
natives  of  New  Vork,  who  went  to  California, 
ill  184U.  Onr  sniiject  was  educated  in  Califor- 
nia, and  when  grown  to  years  of  inatnrity  ho 
followed  railroadiiifi.  He  came  to  Oregon  in 
is82,  and  worked  for  the  Oreiroii  Constriietioii 
Comjiany,  locatinjr  the  road  lor  them.  Ho  then 
went  to  I'endleton,  and  took  charffe  of  J.  M. 
Lazi'r's  hardware  store.  This  {gentleman  was 
sneceed(>d  hy  the  linn  of  Sterge  ife  Jones,  for 
whom  Mr.  I  )art  was  niiiiiager.  Lat(>r  he  became 
a  moiiiher  of  tiie  linn  known  as  Taylor  ife  Jones. 
He  then  came  to  La  (irande,  in  Octoher,  1890, 
and  fiij^aged  in  tlio  hardware  business  with 
Messrs.  Young  »fe  Conky,  and  the  linn  is  known 
as  Young,  Dart  &  Conky.  In  18'J1  they  met 
with  (jnite  a  loss  by  tire,  their  entire  stock  liein^ 
destroyed  at  the  time  the  town  of  La  (irande 


was  hiirnod.  The  tlrm  was  young  and  full  of 
pu>h,  BO  did  not  allow  themselves  to  ho  discour- 
aged. They  rebuilt  and  have  one  of  the  largest 
stocks  in  eastern  (>regon,  and  do  the  leading 
business  in  their  line  in  the  city.  The  stock  is 
valued  at  !j(l5,()()0.  and  they  do  a  liiieiiieBB  of 
from  *7.").<M)()  to  *S(I.(MU)  j,er  year. 

Mr.  Dart  was  marrieil,  in  1875,  to  Miss  Hliz- 
beth  Harris,  daughter  of  U.  (!.  Harris,  of  Cali- 
fornia. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dart  have  four  children, 
namely:  Lucinda,  Le  lioy,  Kil  ami  Hessie.  Mr. 
Dart  is  a  member  of  L  O.  O.  I''.,  both  subor- 
diiiate  and  grand  lodges.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Ucpulilicaii,  anil  is  i|uito  proiniueiit  in  party 
ineaaures, 

-  -^^-^ 

tlllAM  (i.  DAVIS. — Vmong  the  learned 
practitioners  of  law  of  the  Willamette 
valley,  is  the  above  name  J  gentleman. 
Mr.  Davis  is  a  native  of  Michigan  and  dates  his 
liirth  at  Davisbiirg,  Oakland  county,  July  21, 
18(11.  His  father,  John  C.  Davis,  was  born  in 
the  Kmpire  State,  in  1811),  ami  this  gentleman, 
a  farmer  by  occupation  and  of  Welsh  I'Xtraction, 
located  in  Michigan,  when  hut  a  la  I  of  fourteen. 
The  Davis  family  were  among  theeirly  i>ioneers 
of  Michigan  and  the  town  of  Davisburg  was 
named  in  honor  of  tlio  family.  The  mothor  of 
our  subject,  Sarah  (Griswold)  Davis,  is  a  native 
of  Vermont,  and  her  ancestors  were  among  the 
early  and  iiiHuontial  t'amilics  of  New  England. 

In  a  family  of  nine  children,  thn  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  seventh  in  order  of  birth.  He 
was  reared  and  educated  in  his  iiativo  county, 
and  attended  the  public  schools,  where  he  re- 
ceived a  liberal  education.  On  the  farm  he  was 
taught  to  till  the  K(jil,  like  his  father  before  him, 
but  this  young  man  was  ambitious  and  resolved 
to  rival  Daniel  Webster,  so  he  attended  and 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Michigan  in 
18'JO.  It  was  necessary  for  liim  to  engage  in 
farm  life  and  teach  school  for  some  years  before 
sufficient  money  was  obtained  for  him  to  take 
tho  course  he  so  ardently  desired.  All  the  time 
he  was  st.nggling  along  he  made  law  studies  a 
speciality,  iind  his  ett'orts  were  rewarded  by  his 
being  adinit:ed  to  practice  in  1889. 

The  following  year  he  came  to  Oregon,  and 
tirst  located  in  Portland,  where  he  practiced  for 
six  months,  but  then  removed  to  Corvallis, 
where  he  lias  since  continued. 


tllSTOllY    OF    OUKdO.V. 


I  Oil 


Mr.  Ouvis  WHS  inarrieil  iit  Diiliith,  Minnesotii, 
Alll^ll^t  14,  181(0,  to  Miss  Ucliueca  .loliiiBui,  a 
iirttivo  of  Sweden.  'I'liey  Imvc  one  i-liild.  Wave  K. 
In  political  matters  Mr.  I)avis  atHliates  with  the 
I)eiiiocratic,  party  and  tal<e,-<  an  active  interest  in 
party  iasucR.  Socially  he  is  pruiniiicntly  iden- 
tified witii  the  I.  ().  ().  I'".,  suliordinate  hid^e 
and  Kncani|iincnt,  and  at  this  time  ia  tilling  the 
chair  of  Chief  I'atriarch. 

Mr.  Davis,  altliuugh  coni|)arfttively  speaking 
a  straiii^cr  in  ('orvallis,  diirini^  his  rcHidonce 
hero  lias  estahlished  a  repntatioii  as  an  aide 
Httornuy  and  hunorablo  gentleman. 


§M.  D.VVIDSOX,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1H52.  and  the  (ihliffiiif;  I'ostmaster  of 
*  Monmouth,  I'olk  county,  is  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Illinois,  l>orn  iN'oveinlxir  21,  1S31. 
His  grandfather,  Kli jah  Ua\id8on,  was  a  native 
of  North  (.Carolina,  who  removed  to  Kentucky 
and  was  a  pioneer  of  that  State.  Here  he  reared 
his  family  of  twelve  children,  all  of  whom  lived 
to  maturity.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
181",*,  and  lived  to  he  eighty-seven  years  of  age. 
Hisson,  father  of  subject,  was  born  in  Kentucky, 
where  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Deweese,  a 
native  of  Kentucky.  They  had  four  childnui  and 
removed  to  Hlinois,  where  they  were  pioneers 
of  that  State.  Mr.  Davidson  served  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war  and  died  in  Illinois.  His 
father  came  to  Oregon  in  1850,  bringiiigall  the 
family  with  him.  It  was  a  large  party,  as  they 
were  all  grown  up  and  nuirried.  They  all  set- 
tled near  the  j)reeent  site  of  Moiimoulh,  where 
Mr.  Davidson  had  a  donation  claim,  and  here  he 
lived  and  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven,  us  be- 
fore mentioned.  He  was  a  minister  of  the 
Christian  Church,  anil  lived  a  good  and  worthy 
life.  His  wife  preceded  liini  to  the  iieavenly 
home  five  years  before. 

The  mother  of  our  subject  was  nuirried  a  sec- 
ond time  and  still  resides  in  Illinois.  Our  sub- 
ject was  in  his  eighteenth  year  when  he  crossed 
the  plains  in  1853.  lie  had  received  hise(luca- 
tion  in  Warren  county,  Illinois,  and  left  that 
State  April  10,  1852.  The  journey  was  a  safe 
one,  and  he  came  direct  to  his  grandfather's 
farm,  in  Polk  county.  After  his  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon he  was  sent  to  the  Christian  School,  starting 
Se|>tember  23,  18.")2.  He  attended  this  institu- 
tion for  two  years,  and  then  went  to  thu  mines  in 

64 


Idaho,  [n  1851!,  while  in  the  mine- in  sontherii 
Oregon,  the  Indians  were  very  ho-tile,  and  he 
and  other  minors  formed  themselves  into  a 
company  for  self-jirotection.  He  wa>  in  miiny 
ih- tight.  He  then  engaged  in  farming,  (;onlinu 
ing  that  nccu|)ation  until  18(iO,  when  he  jmr 
chased  properly  in  Monmouth,  and  Imilt  agooil 
residence,  where  he  has  siiu'c  resided,  although 
he  lias  continm-d  to  devote  the  greahi-  jiortioii  of 
his  til  i(t  to  fiirming. 

Mr.  Da'iilsoit  was  iniirritMl  S(>ptcmber  23, 
18t)0,  to  .Miss  .\lmirii  C.  Kramer,  a  native  of 
Illinois,  an<l  the  ilaughter  of  dobn  Kramer.  The 
family  came  to  Oregon  in  1853.  Mr  and  Mrs. 
Davidson  have  had  two  children;  Ktta,  who 
married  Mr.  J.  E.  Hond,  and  resides  in  Kugcne; 
and  .Mice,  who  dicui  in  her  tw(>nty-seRond  year. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davidson  are  memberri  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  Mr.  David>oii  was  an 
active  member  of  the  (i range  at  .Monmouth,  and 
served  in  several  ofticial  capacities  in  the  order. 
Prior  to  the  civil  war  he  was  a  Douglas  Dimmo 
crat,  lint  after  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter  ho 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  Union  and  join(>d  the 
rank.s  of  the  Republican  party,  in  which  he  has 
sinc((  continued.  In  ls8!(,  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  President  Harrison,  he  receiveil  the 
ajipointini'iit  of  Postmaster  of  Monmouth,  in 
which  capacity  he  i-  now  elliciently  acting.  Hi; 
and  his  good  wife  enjoy  the  respect  and  esteem 
of  nil  the  peo|)le  of  Monnumth,  where  they  have 
lived  so  long. 


-*» 


^ 


-i=- 


fAMKS  O.  DAVIDSON',  a  prominent  Ore- 
gon ])ionecr  of  1817,  and  one  of  Polk  coun- 
ty's most  successful  farmers,  wa>  bom  in 
Keiitucky  October  12.  1S25.  His  father,  IIi/c 
kiah  Davidson,  was  born  in  liarren  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1800,  and  his  fiither,  John  Davidson, 
was  born  in  Xortli  Carolina,  where  he  married 
Rachel  Ellis,  an  English  lady.  They  had  six 
sons  and  two  daughters,  ( )iir  subject's  father 
was  the  second  child.  The  family  removed  to 
(Jrecne  county,  Illinois,  where  both  the  grand- 
parents lived  to  be  over  (>iglity  years  of  age  and 
two  of  their  children  nearly  reached  their  one 
hundredth  year.  The  father  of  our  subject  was 
leared  in  Kentucky,  and  there  married  Mi.~s 
Melissa  Ann  Page,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born 
in  1807.  They  resided  in  Illinois  until  lS-17, 
and  hud  a  family  of  eight  children.     In   Febru- 


'?  ('     41 


m  '  ,p 


'>>'    )i 


1023 


nisroHT  OF  oKEaoN. 


h'}'l 


1  1 


ary,  18+7,  the  entire  t'luiiily  started  for  Oregon 
with  oxen.  They  stopptMl  two  weeks  at  St.  .Ju- 
scpii,  Missouri,  until  thf  grass  hegan  (o  grow, 
ami  tlien  starlcii  away  froni  civilization  across 
the  great  jilains.  WIumi  they  (uiiuc  to  the  Platte 
river  tliev  iiuuiufactMrcil  some  ru<lc  heats,  which 
tiicy  fasteiiril  toircthcr,  wiile  enough,  apart  for 
the  wagon  wheels  to  he  run  into  the  end,  and  Iti 
Ihi-  way  tliey  crossed  the  great  river  and  left 
tiie  lioats  for  the  use  of  other  emigrants.  The 
same  process  was  gone  tlirough  when  they 
reached  the  (ireen  river.  There  were  twenty 
wagons  anil  one  pack  in  tlie  company,  which 
was  under  the  coniniand  of  Captain  Scott.  The 
Indians  were  very  frouhlesoine  and  could  have 
overpoM'ci-ed  the  little  hand  ot  eniii,rrants  with 
their  hows  and  arrows  if  they  had  wanted  to.  In 
spite  of  ail  dangers  the  little  coin[)any  came 
through  in  safety,  and  arrived  in  Oregon  early  in 
October.  The  father  located  on  the  Willamette, 
west  of  Pniena  Vista,  and  here  he  resided  until 
the  time  of  his  death,  in  1870.  He  deeded  his 
land  to  his  two  youngest  sons,  llezekiah  and 
.lonathan.  although  his  wife  survived  him  two 
years.  These  jieople  wore  brave,  noble  Oregon 
pioneers.  The  children,  who  crossed  the  plains, 
were  as  follows:  Loretta,  wife  of  David  John- 
son, resides  in  Inilependeiicc;  J.  K.  Davidson 
died  in  his  sixty-seventh  year;  Buhject;  KUza, 
wife  of  H.  F.  Hurch  (see  history  in  this  book); 
Mary,  wife  of  II.  M.Waller,  a  minister  of  the 
(Miri'stian  (Jhurcli;  Anti,  wife  of  Leander  Hurk- 
licart;  Ih'zt'kiah  an<l  .loiiiithan,  younger  .'ons. 

()nr  Biilijc't  had  just  attained  his  twenty-first 
birthday  when  ho  arrived  in  Oregon,  and  took 
up  a  <lonation  claim  on  the  present  site  of  Mon- 
mouth. Here  he  remained  alone  until  August 
an,  18.")1,  when  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Lin- 
ville,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born  September, 
1838.  Her  father,  Harrison  Linville,  came  to 
Oreifon  in  184rt),  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers 
in  thai  pail  of  the  county.  He  was  the  first 
Postmaster  of  Parker,  and  now  resides  at  Sieltz, 
in  his  Bovcntv-eighth  year,  respected  by  all  wiio 
know  him.  .Vfter  their  marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Davidson  residod  on  their  claim  for  five  years. 
Mr.  Davidson  was  a  stock-raieer,  but  was  not 
satisfied  with  the  facilities  for  water,  so  he  sold 
this  claim  and  jiurchased  (hree-fourths  of  a  sec- 
lion,  five  miles  south  of  Monmouth,  oi  the 
Luckainute,  where  he  had  plenty  of  water.  He 
has  become  a  snccessfid  stock-raiser,  and  iiis 
farm  is  one  of  the  tinest  in  the  county.  On 
this  property  he  now  reside?  in  a  fine  large  resi- 


dence, built  on  nearly  the  highest  part  of  his 
farm,  overlooking  the  entire  property  and  the 
beautiful  surrounding  country.  lie  has  worked 
hard  and  given  hi;-  e.\clusive  attention  to  his 
farm,  and  has  been  amply  rewarded  by  the 
peace  and  plenty,  wliich  his  industry  nave  pro- 
diiei^d.  Ho  now  eats  the  tine  fruits  of  the  or- 
chard which  his  hands  planted. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Davidson  have  the  following 
children,  namely:  Annette,  wife  of  Philip 
Grigsby,  died  in  her  twenly-sixth  year;  Lydia, 
wito  of  Edgar Co.x,  resides  in  Kansas;  Orville  P., 
died  in  his  twenty-fifth  year;  Ellisisafarmeriiear 
his  father;  lielk'  died  when  thirteen  years  old; 
and  James  L.  and  Ralph  are  at  home. 

Mrs.  Davidson  has  proved  herself  a  worthy 
and  excellent  wife,  and  has  performed  her  full 
share  in  the  upbuilding  of  their  home  and  for- 
tune. She  is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church,  and  she  and  her  husband  are 
residing  together  in  their  ])leasant  home.  Mr. 
Davidson  is  a  Democrat  in  ])olitics,  and  by  his 
quiet,  upright  life  he  .i.^s  made  a  record  for  in- 
dustry that  will  go  down  to  future  generations 
for  their  emulation. 


^€^-> 


SIIAXK  DAVIS,  a  prosperous  and  highly 
esteemed  young  farmer,  of  I'enton  county, 
Oregon,  is  a  native  of  the  State,  having 
been  born  in  Jackson  county,  July  2'.t,  1865. 
His  parents  are  Caleb  and  Eliza  (Ilenkle)  l.)avis, 
the  former  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
latter  born  in  Iowa.  In  1850  the  parents,  with 
their  children,  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
locating,  in  1870,  in  Henton  county.  The  par- 
ents have  had  ten  children,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  being  the  fifth  in  order  of  birth. 

Our  subject  was  reared  to  farm  life,  and  has 
always  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  He  is  at 
present  managing  ninety  acres  of  his  own  prop- 
■rty,  besides  32(1  acres,  which  he  rents  from  his 
father,  some  200  acres  are  under  full  cultivation, 
devoted  to  general  farming  and  stock-raising; 
Btul  four  acres  are  in  iin  orchaivl  of  a  variety  of 
fruit. 

Mr.  Davis  was  married  December  2,  18'.ll,  to 
Miss  Maggie  Hrown,  an  estimidilelady,  and  also 
im  ( (regonian   by  birth. 

Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  although  taking 
no  active  interest  in  politics,  other  than  desir- 
ing the  continued  prosperity  of  his  State  an<l 
country. 


HISTl*g3'    OF    OREaON. 


1033 


It  is  to  such  yonug  iiieii  of  iiitelligeiicc  and 
morality  tlmt  Oregon  must  look  for  her  tntiire 
welfare,  'vlio  sliall  assist  her  in  retiiininj;  the 
prond  position  which  the  older  generation  of 
noble  men  and  women  have  secured  for  her, 
enabling  her  to  jilaiit  her  streaniing  banners  in 
the  t'oremo.^t  ranks  of  her  sister  States. 


•m^:m- 


lUlXEAS  M.  DE.NNlf'  .,.h  :>f  IliilsboroV 
enterprising  citizens  and  8i)eiiff  of  the 
county  of  Washington,  i.'iegon,  ii  from 
Ohio,  born  December  24  18-41.  Mis  father, 
Jacob  D'ennis,  was  liorn  in  tlie  same  State  in 
1822,  and  l)oth  of  his  jiareiits  were  from  (ier- 
many  and  came  to  this  conntry  and  settled  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  were  hdiu'st  and  indnstrions 
persons.  They  went  to  Ohio,  wheuiMr.  Dennis' 
father  was  born.  The  latter  married,  when  in 
liis  seventeenth  year,  Alary  lianning,  of  that 
State.  She  was  in  her  sixteenth  year.  They 
had  three  sons  and  adanghter.  Mr.  Dennis  was 
tlte  eldest  cliiKI,  and  they  resided  in  Ohio  until 
his  twelfth  year,  and  tiien  went  to  Iowa  and  re- 
sided tliere  for  years.  Mr.  Dennis  stayed  tiiere 
until  the  civil  war  broke  ont,  when  he  enlisted 
in  Company  D,  Third  Iowa  \'olunteer  Infantry. 
He  was  mustered  in  .lune  8,  1801,  and  served 
his  country  through  all  the  frightful  struggle, 
and  when  the  war  was  oxer  and  he  was  lionor- 
ably  discharged  and  mustered  out  July  12, 1865, 
he  returned  home.  His  regiment  served  in  the 
Department  of  Tennessee,  and  participated  in 
(leneral  Slieinian's  grand  campaign  with  Hood. 
Mr.  Dennis  was  near  when  (IcMieral  Mcl'hersoii 
was  killed  i  id  saw  him  fall.  After  the  capture 
of  Atlau'a  he  made  that  memorable  march  with 
Shenii'1,1  tiirough  (ieorgia,  and  was  slightly 
wounded  in  the  leg  at  JackMin,  Mississippi. 
Mr.  Dennis  was  the  first  man  in  Columbus.  At 
(loldsboro  they  received  the  news  of  Lee's  sur- 
render, and  fre(juently  after  that  they  met  Con- 
federate soldiers  returning  to  their  homes,  and 
now  that  the  victory  had  been  won,  everybody 
in  blue  treated  the  boys  in  gray  with  considera- 
tion. He  was  in  the  grand  review  at  Washing- 
ton, and  tells  the  following  laughable  incident 
about  himself.  They  had  not  had  an  opportun- 
ity \o  draw  any  clothing  and  he  had  been  pro- 
moted to  Sergeant.  They  were  onlered  to  wear 
white  gloves  at  the  review  and  he  says  that  his 
shoes  were  worn  off  from  his  feet,  hut  he  had 
socks  on.     One  of  his  pant  legs  was  torn   up  to 


the  knee.  In  that  plight,  ami  with  white  gloves 
on,  he  marche(l  through  the  street;,  of  the  cap- 
ital of  our  nation.  Many  of  the  others  looki'd 
nearly  as  badly.  It  was  a  grand  day  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  country,  and  no  irnm  coulil  describe  it, 
Mr.  Dennis"  tinu<  of  service  expired  when  ho 
was  at  the  front  and  he  eidisted  again  December 
16,  1H63.  .\fter  returning  from  service  he 
farmed  five  years  and  then  engaged  in  a  general 
merchandise  business  and  was  I'ostmaster  in  liis 
former  home  for  some  time.  In  1877  he  sold  out 
and  went  to  Oregon  and  arrivt-d  in  Portland  on 
May  17,  1877.  lie  had  lost  his  property  in  .Min- 
nesota by  the  gi'asshoppers  having  destroyed  the 
crops  for  him  for  five  years  in  succesi-ion,  and 
after  arriving  in  Hillsboro  he  worked  by  the  day 
for  Mr.  Peter  liosco,  later  he  iH'ccived  the  ap- 
pointnu'iit  of  Deputy  Slu-ritf  in  which  capacity 
iir  >erved  several  years,  and  in  1888  was  elected 
Slieritl'of  Washington  county,  and  was  re-elected 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term.  At  both  elections 
he  ran  ahead  of  hi>  ticket,  more  so  at  the  >e((ind 
one. 

Mr.  Dennis  has  been  succes>ful  in  hi>  bu>i- 
ness  ventures.  In  connection  with  his  partners, 
Messrs.  Mclvinney  and  Wiley,  he  has  just  com- 
pleted a  large  livei'y  stable,  the  best  in  the  city, 
lie  has  also  built  a  good  home  and  is  a  stock- 
liolder  in  the  Ili'lsboro  Publishing  ('ompany. 
He  has  been  one  of  the  County  Coinniis>ioners 
and  was  a  popular  candidate  for  the  State  Legisla- 
ture. Mr.  l)enni>  was  ruined  by  a  Demucratic 
father,  but  since  the  war  he  has  been  a  ifepub- 
lican.  He  was  married  in  October.  Isfitl,  to 
Julia  A.  Steel,  of  Wisconsin,  and  they  had  eight 
chihlren,  seven  of  whom  are  living. 

Mr.  Dennis  belongs  to  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M., 
the  I.  O.  O.  K.,  the  K.  of  P.,  the  A.  O.  V.  W. 
and  the  (i.  A.  !!.,  and  i^  a  worthy  memhei'  nf 
them  all.  He  enjoys  the  ei.nlidence  and  e.-tcem 
of  his  fellow-citizens  of  Wa>hington  county. 


d^^DWAUD  N.  DHN'TON,  a  well-known 
business  man  of  Weston,  I'matilla  county, 
Oregon,  born  in  ('hemnng  county,  New 
York,  Jnly4,  I84;{,  was  the  son  of  D.  (i.  Den- 
ton and  Mai'y  (Smith)  Di'nton,  both  natixes  of 
New  Vork,  the  father  being  a  merchant  thci'e. 
The  father  removed  in  I8.")l  with  his  family,  the 
son,  Kdwanl.  being  eight  years  old;  then  in 
18."S  \.ent    to    Milan,  Sumner  county,  Kansas, 


H  !;(,'!>" 


II 


1024 


HfSrORr    OF    OREGON. 


■MM 


wlif'C  lie  iliil  ;i  inci'i'iintilc  hihI  ImnkiMn;  Imsiiiufis, 
followini;  it  until  uuu  li'ii  him  to  retire.  Ho  is 
now  livini^iii  Kiiiisiis  at  thciiife  (if  seventy  >"''''''• 
His  wife,  why  liiid  lioi'nu  him  eiifht  children, 
died  in  1S70,  iit  the  aj^e  of  forty  yeius. 

Seven  of  the  cliildreii  are  yet  livinir,  Hdward 
beinif  the  beeoiid.  lie  recei^cil  his  education  in 
the  |)iililio  seliuols  <if  Michif»iiii  and  Kansas. 
When  ill  his  twentieth  year  Hilward  enlisted 
jSlMrcli  l-,  IHli;!,  in  coniiiaiiv  (i,  Ninth  Kansas 
Inliintry,  and  served  until  the  cl'jse  of  the  war, 
lieinij  (lischarged  ,Iulv  5,  181)5.  Tlie  reifinient 
heini;  on  duty  in  the  West  there  was  not  tlieop- 
jxirtnnity  for  the  Ninth  to  tight  as  there  was  for 
armies  in. the  East,  yet  it  was  in  the  severe  bat- 
tle of  I'all's  I'hifF,  as  well  as  several  smaller  en- 
oaoomenta.  Wiieii  the  war  was  over,  our  suhject 
liaviiic;  a  desire  to  be  in  active  life,  beiran  to 
freight  across  the  plains  to  Santa  Fe,  New  Mex- 
ico, jiiirsuing  that  employment  for  si.x  years, 
during  which  time  he  had  a  good  chance  to 
know  the  red  man. 

Then  proceeding  to  Hutler  county,  Kimsas, 
ho  began  fanning  and  stock-raising;  but,  in 
1878,  the  coast-country  fever  struck  liim  and  he 
removed  to  Oregon,  where  he  first  went  to 
freighting  and  then  to  prospecting  and  mining, 
— the  latter  in  ( )regon  and  Idaho,  with  very 
good  success.  In  the  year  ISSti  he  settled  in 
Weston,  rniatilla  connty,  first  going  info  the 
livery  business,  bnt,  two  years  later  breaking  his 
leg  in  an  accident,  sold  out;  then,  as  soon  as 
nlile  to  (111  anything,  he  lioiight  a  harness  shop, 
which  he  si  ill  conducts,  having  a  large  stock  of 
harness,  saddles,  etc..  valued  at  ^iJ.OOO.  and  sell- 
ing 87.()()()  a  year. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  1872  to  Miss 
Lautlia  dudsoii,  born  in  New  York,  and  emi- 
grated to  Kansas  with  her  parents,  where  Mr. 
Denfon  married  her.  They  ha\('  two  children. 
"Walter  and  .Mice.  Mr.  Denton  is  a  member  of 
Ni'gley  I'ost  No.  4."),  (t.  A.  K.,  of  Weston;  also 
of  the  Modern  Woodmen  of  the  World.  lie  is 
an  .Vlderinaii  of  the  city  of  Weston  and  in  pol- 
itics is  a  iU'publican. 

iHARI.ES    M.    DONALDSON,     a    well- 
known    resident    and  active    politician  of 
Hakei'  ciiv,  was  born   in  New  York.   May 
27,  18;U.      in/ was  the   ninth    child  of  Alonzii 
Hiid    riieliiida  (Doolittle)    Donaldson,   both  of 


whom  were  natives  of  New  York.     Tney  moved 
to  Iowa    in    1838  when  Charles  was  but  four 
years  old.     The  father  died    in   1840,  and    the 
mother  in   1882.     Our    subject  received  but  a 
common  school  education  in  Iowa,  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  the   spring  of  1852,  engaged  in  liuying 
stock,    but  gave    that  business    up    to   go   into 
transportation    between   I'ortland  ami  the   Cas- 
ca(les,  on  the  Columbia  river.     After  two  years 
at   this  business  he  went  to  south  Oregon   and 
engaged  in  inining,  which  he  followed  for  seven 
years   and   was    very  successful.     He   then   re- 
tnriie(l   to   his  home  in  Oregon,  later  going   to 
Mound  City,  Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business.     Remaining  two-years   at 
Mound  City,  lie  sold  out  and  removed  to  Nash-' 
ville,  Tennt.  ice,  where  he  engaged  in  the    real- 
estate  business  and  remained  there  twelve  years. 
He  was  one  of  the  very  few  that  went  one  dark 
night  and  organized  the  Uejiublican  party  when 
it  was  not  safe  to  be  a  Republican  in  Tennessee. 
He  was  afterward   elected  Sheriff  of   Davidson 
county,  by   a   consolidation   of   the    Republican 
party  and  the  Johnson  Democrats,  and  was  ten- 
dered the  n()minati(jn  to  Congress  and  to    the 
United  States  SiMiate  by  his  party.   He  was  ucan- 
didate  for  Secretary  of  State  and  was  beaten  by  bnt 
.seven  votes  in  the  House.     After  this  Mr.  Don- 
aldson removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  one 
year  from   that  time  he    was  elected    secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  St.   Louis  Compress  (com- 
pany, the  largest  handlers  of  cotton  of  any  com. 
pany  in  the  (liiited  States.     It  commenced  with 
a  caiiital  of  §70.000,  but  under  Mr.    Donald- 
son's management  increased  to  a  paid-up  capital 
of  §125,000  and  an  assessed  \alue  of  .«I2.600.000. 
For  ten  years  lie  served   as  secretary,  treasurer, 
and    vice-jiresident  of    that  company,  and   was 
sent  as    a  delegate  from  St.  Louis  to  Washing- 
ton, District  of  Columbia,  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Mississippi  Improvement  Convention;  and  was 
also  a  member,  for  many  years,  of  the  cotton  ex- 
change of  St.  Louis.      During  his  residence  there 
he  was  alwaysa  leader  in  all  of  the  clubs  of  which 
he  was  a  member.      He  did   not    take  as    much 
interest  ill  iiolitics  in  Missouri  as  be  had  in  Ten- 
nessee, an(I  it  may  be   mentioned  that  while  ho 
was  a  resident  of  the  latter  State  lie  was  a  dele- 
gate to   the    State  Convention   that  nominated 
Parson  Brownlow  for  (iovernor. 

In  1884  Mr.  Donaldson  resigned  his  position 
in  the  (Cotton  Compress  Company  of  St.  Louis, 
.'ind  reinoviMl  to  Leadville,  (yolorado,  where  he 
accepteO  a  position  as  manager  of  the  Bonanza 


titsToni'  ok  oiiEhoN. 


1(125 


iniiu'8  of  Colorado,  and  in  1888  he  was  trans- 
ferred as  manager  totlic  Kxcelsior  (/onsolidatcd 
Gold  Mining  ('oinpany.  of  Hakcr  comity,  Ore- 
gon. Under  Mr.  Donaldson's  inanagoinent,  tiie 
mines  were  made  to  show  the  best  yield  of  ifold 
of  any  mines  in  Oregon:  it  paid  a  dividend  of 
55;3,0(H),()00  ont  of  an  ontpnt  of  a  little  over 
S4,000,tl00. 

AVhile  Mr.  J)onaldson  was  in  Leads ille  he 
was  active  in  the  political  work  of  the  State, 
having  lieen  chosen  liy  the  State  Convention  of 
Colorado  to  represent  them  as  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Convention  of  Chicago,  where  lie  as- 
sisted in  the  nomination  of  (reneral  Harrison 
for  President.  Onr  subject  was  also  a  delegate 
to  the  International  Congress  at  Washington, 
being  on  the  CoTnmittee  of  Credentials,  chosen 
by  tlie  Governor  of  Oregon  to  represent  that 
State  and  was  a  very  active  and  influential 
member  of  that  body,  being  made  Secretary  of 
the  Coiniiiitt(  on  Uesolntions.  He  was  also  a 
delegate  to  the  State  Convention  at  i'ortland, 
April,  181t2.  where  he  was  plmsen  to  represent 
the  Stiitp  of  Oregon  at  large  in  the  National 
Con  ''Ml  at  Minneapolis,  in  June,  18U2. 
Ollthi  |i'litic8.    Mr.    Donaldson    has    been 

very  pr.  iih';:i  since  '.•<•  came  to  Oregon  !■ 
erected  the  first  (jnm  '.  mill  on  the  Pacific  .  ,-i, 
at  a  cost  of  $2U."U(t.  and  Is  now  <  ni/aged  in 
managing  the  Donah' -nn  Irrigati  •  Ditcli 
Company  of  Oregon,  iii  IJaker  county.  The 
marriage  of  onr  subject  occurred  June  22. 
1872.  to  Miss  May  Estella  Kirby,  of  Nftsli\  ie. 
Tennessee. 

fOSKPlI  KLKINS,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852.  was  born  in  Melmont  ((Hiir  Ohio, 
in   IJtoU.     His  father,  Lntln  \\\^^  was 

born, In  Cornwall,  Maine,  his  n  -iry  dating 
back  to  the  early  settlement  of  the  country. 
Luther  was  the  youngest  of  nine  (jhildren,  and 
with  his  parent,s  emigrated  to  Washington 
county,  I'ennsylvanla.  in  181S,  and  in  1824,  In 
Blooniliigton.  Indiana,  where  be  followed  the 
trade  of  wagon-maker.  He  was  married  to 
Philotheta  Williams,  and  8ubse(piently  settlecl 
in  iielniout  connty.  Ohio,  and  engaged  In  mer- 
cantile life,  which  he  continued  in  until  1852, 
when  he  started  for  ( )regon.  He  had  two  wagons, 
four  yoke  of  oxen  to  each  watron.  and  with  his 
family  and  the  reipiisite  stock  of  supplies,  he 
set  forth.     The  train    numbered    many  wagons, 


lam    .xcademy. 
moved  to  Leli- 


wliicli  divided  at  Soda  Springs  on  .he  Hear  river, 
part  of  the  train  going  to  ('ulifornlii  and  the 
ri'st  to  Oregon,  and  the  journey  was  completed 
without  any  jiiirflciilar  Incident.  They  landed 
In  the  WIllHiiictte  valley,  September  2(')  of  the 
same  year.  Traveling  up  the  \allcy  to  Linn 
county,  they  settled  ujion  i{2()  acres  on  the  forks 
of  the  Siintiam.  and  engaged  in  fanning.  In 
1853  he  secured  subscriptions  of  the  farmers 
and  built  the  lirst  schoolliouso  In  that  locality, 
and  In  1854  orgiinized  the  Santiam  .\cad 
About  185(1  he  sold  his  farm  and 
anon  and  pnrchase<l  the  stock  of  merchandise 
of  William  I'hillips.  He  followed  mercantile 
life  for  twenty  years.  He  was  (piite  prominent 
ill  political  idl'airs.  He  was  the  lu' mber  to  the 
last  Territorial  Legislature;  the  Constitutional 
Convention  and  represented  Lan^  county  in 
the  State  Leirlshiture  for  two  iinis  and 
served  the  same  nnniber  ot  yiais  in  the 
State  Senate.  In  the  memorable  eoiitest  be- 
tween Xesniith  and  Itaker  for  I'liiled  States 
Senatoi',  just  prior  to  the  Ueliellioti,  after  a 
"dead  lock  "  of  several  days,  Mr.  Klkins  (;ast 
the  decisive  ballot,  and  Mr.  llaker  was  elected, 
bis  opponent  in  politics,  but  by  liim  deenii'il  the 
more  lionorahlo  man.  In  18(14  Mr.  Elklns  was 
one  of  the  develojiers  ..f  the  Willamette  Valh^y 
and  Cascade  .Mountain  Military  Wagon  Koad, 
and  sulistMjiiently  was  an  able  promoter  <if  the 
Albany  iV:  Santlain  Canal,  and  tin-  Albany  i^ 
Lebanon  Railroail.  His  energy  was  proverbial, 
but  through  his  many  enterpri>es  he  met  with 
heavy  losses,  which  resulted  in  his  prostration 
and  death,  in  1887. 

Ho  was  educated  In  Ohio  and  crossed  the 
plains  with  his  parents  In  1852,  remaining  with 
them  until  1854.  when  he  went  to  the  Sailor 
diggings.  In  Southern  Oregon,  and  to  the 
Rogue  River  Indian  war  In  1.S55.  lie  was  a 
member  of  the  coin|)any  organized  by  Captain 
King.  The  ciimpaigii  was  short,  and  in  I85ti 
he  returned  and  located  Ifitl  acres  of  woodland 
on  the  fork  of  the  Santiam.  He  built  a  saw- 
mill and  engaged  In  the  liiinber  '  -iness.  In 
185S  he  went  to   the    Fraser   rive,  ifemcnt, 

and  after  jiacklng  seventy-tivc?  day.  lu'  ari-i\i'd 
only  lo  find  a  vast  crowd  of  |ief)ple.  I'rices 
were  very  high,  llour  was  JSl  and  bacon  $1.25  a 
|iound,  and  no  gold,  necessitating  the  borrowing 
of  money  to  get  back  to  Oregon  and  bis  mill  on 
the  Santiam.  In  l8tU)  he  went  to  the  I'lorence 
niln(!s.  In  Idaho,  and  after  three  months  of 
labor  he  caiiit;  out  jnst   even.      In    ISdl    been- 


1 1         ^  *«t 


1030 


nt STORY    OP   ORWaON. 


naged  ill  juickiiifr  troin  Umatilla  to  JJuise  and 
Iblldwud  tlic^  occupation  about  two  years,  inaking 
about  !t(2,0()0.  In  \m\i  lie  returned  to  tlie 
Willamotte  valley  and  bought  liorses  which  he 
drove  to  Walla  'Walia.  and  followed' the  stock 
biisincst.  iiiitil  18()(5,  when  he  settled  in  Lebanon 
and  fiigaiicd  in  the  manufacture  of  bacon.  In 
1H71  he  and  his  hn.ther  built  the  Lebanon  Monr 
.\[ill.  which  they  o|ierat(vl  tor  seven  years.  The 
work  was  a  clear  lose,  as  they  lost,  not  only  their 
time  but  lj(7,0(l(»  as  well.  He  was  left  penniless. 
Since  then  his  occupation  lias  been  varied,  but 
by  prudent  manageiiu^nt  and  persevering  indus- 
try, ho  has  aci[uired  valuable  property  at  Leb- 
anon, consisting  of  eight  acres  of  land  and  the 
nice  home  where  he  now  resides. 

He  was  married  in  ISOfi  near  Sodaville,  to 
Miss  Mary  Isabelle  Wilson,  of  Iowa,  and  daugh- 
ter of  (icorge  Wilson,  a  jiioneer  of  1852.  They 
liave  five  children:  Annie,  wife  of  John  West; 
William  W.,(ieorge.  Ilda  and  Harry  A. 

Mr.  Klkins  is  a  member  of  I.  O.  ().  F.  He 
lias  served  three  terms  on  the  City  (Jonneil,  and 
was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Lebanon  and 
Santiam  canal.  He  is  very  active  in  educational 
work,  and  is  (uie  of  the  substantial  men  of  Leb- 
anon. 

[KORdE  S.  D()WN1X(;,  one  of  Oregon's 
resjiected  pioneers,  and  the  cajiable  super- 
intendent of  her  State  penitentiary,  was 
iiorn  ill  N'enango  county.  I'emisylvania,  <  )ctober 
28,  18i{().  His  father,  Ah'xander  Downing, 
was  born  in  the  State  of  \'irginia,  and  was  de- 
sceiKJed  from  one  of  the  old  colonial  families. 
His  ancestors  removed  from  Scotland  to  the 
iNortli  of  Ireland,  and  thence  emigrated  to 
.\miMica.  settling  in  the  X'irginia  colony.  W^lion 
the  war  arose  with  the  mother  cnuntry,  Moses 
M.  Downing,  grandfather  of  (leorge  S.  Down- 
ing, shoiildert' 1  his  musket  and  heljicd  tight  the 
liattles  of  the  infant  republic.  .Vlexander  Down- 
ing married  .Miss  Klizabeth  l?iirne,  a  naliM' of 
the  State  of  I'ennsyUania.  of  Scotch-Irish  an- 
cestry. There  were  born  to  them  ten  children, 
four  of  whom  survive.  The  family  n moved 
from  I'ennsylvania  to  La  I'liyetto.  Indiana,  i)Ut 
after  a  year  and  a  half  pushed  their  way  farther 
toward  the  setting  sun.  locating  in  Davis  county, 
Iowa,  in  L844;  they  settled  on  a  farm  on  wiiich 
tbey  resided  until  the  father's  death  in  1869. 
(ieorire  8.  Downin<j.  son  of  the  above,  was 
reared  and  educated  in    Davis   countv,  until  his 


seventh  year.  Filled  with  a  desire  to  go  to  tiie 
Pacific  coast,  he  left  his  home  in  Iowa  the  Ist 
of  April,  Is.");},  and  joined  a  train  of  four  wagons 
hound  for  the  golden  gate.  On  the  way  they 
were  twice  attacked  by  Indians,  but  escaped 
serious  injury  at  the  hand  of  the  red  men. 
They  arrived  in  Marion  county,  Oregon,  Sep- 
temlier  2H,  1850.  John  Downing  a  brother  of 
Oeorge  S.  had  preceded  him  in  a  visit  to  the 
coast  in  1847,  and  had  settled  on  lands  in  the 
Waldo  Hill  district.  Our  subject  resided  with 
him  for  a  year. 

In  the  fall  of  1854  the  Governor  of  the  State 
called  for  men  to  assist  in  putting  down  the 
Indians  who   had   murdered  a  number  of  emi- 

ifrants  on  Snake   river.     Mr.  Downinu;  was  the 

o  .  ^ 

second  man  to  sign  the  enlistment  roll,  but  the 
company  was  disbanded  without  any  active  en- 
gagement. Immediately  after  being  mustered 
out  Mr.  Downing  went  on  hor-seback  to  the 
mines  in  Vreka,  Siskiyou  county,  California, 
and  for  two  years  met  with  reasonable  success; 
his  best  day's  work  in  the  placer  mines  was 
8113.  In  i85()  he  returned  with  his  gold  dust 
to  Marion  county,  and  |.,.rcliased  his  firtt  ranch, 
a  tract  of  100  acres;  he  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  established  a  tannery,  one  of  the 
first  in  the  State. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  in  1857  to  Miss 
Missouri  A.  Kvans,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and 
their  union  was  blessed  with  three  children,  born 
in  Marion  county:  William  II.,  who  is  engaged 
in  the  real-estate  business  in  Salem;  Kobert  E., 
a  farmer  in  the  Waldo  Hill  district,  and  Jantha, 
wife  of  a  prominent  attorney  at  Koseburg. 
After  eight  years  of  quiet  happiness  Mrs.  Down- 
ing died.  Feeling  the  loss  very  ke(>iily,  Mr. 
Downing  gave  up  housekeeping  and  went  to 
the  mines  at  Florence.  Idaho.  After  a  year  he 
rctiiined  to  Marion  county,  added  to  his  farm  a 
tract  of  y(55  acres,  and  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits;  he  also  made  some  real-estate  trans- 
actions. February  11,  1807,  he  was  married  to 
Mrs.  Mary  Smith,  widow  of  Moses  M.  Smith. 
Mi's,  Downing  had  one  daughter  by  her  first 
marriage,  and  two  children  were  born  of  the 
second  union:  Walter  F.,  the  only  surviving 
child,  now  resides  on  the  Waldo  Hill  farm. 
Mrs.  Downing  dieil  February  22,  1H80.  Mr. 
I^owning  was  married  in  1882.  on  the  0th  day  of 
June  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Kossiter,  a  native  of 
Toronto.  Canada. 

During  the  greater  part  of  his  residence  in 
Marion  county,  from  1804  to  188(1.  Mr.  Dowii- 


1% 
1.J 


-i^ 


ItTSTORV    OF    OREGON. 


lii'.>7 


iiig  had  served  a8  Justice  of  tlie  Peace;  lie  had 
thus  become  familiar  with  tliu  law,  and  in  1882 
he  conceived  the  idea  of  liein^r  admitted  to  the 
bar.  With  this  object  in  view  he  rend  in  the 
office  of  Jules  iStrattoii  for  two  months,  and  at 
the  end  of  tliat  thne  was  examined  with  a  class 
of  thirty-two  by  the  Sujierior  Court.  lie  passed 
the  examination  most  creditably,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  State. 
lie  then  gave  his  attention  to  the  profession, 
but  in  connection  carried  on  his  farm  until 
1887,  when  he  removed  to  the  city  of  Salem, 
lie  formed  u  law  partnersliip  with  S.  T.  Itich- 
ardson,  whicli  existed  until  March  10,  1888, 
when  he  was  appointed,  by  Governor  Pennoyer 
Superintendent  of  the  State  penitentiary.  His 
management  of  this  institution  has  reflected 
great  credit,  not  upon  hitnself  alone,  but  upon 
the  (Tovernor's  judgment  in  his  selection.  Wlien 
Mr.  Downing  entered  upon  his  duties  there  was 
much  dissatisfaction  among  the  convicts,  but 
he  introduced  literary  entertainments  and  sing- 
ing, which  brought  a  new  wave  of  life  to  the  in- 
mates, greatly  relieving  tlie  tedium  of  their  cou- 
linement.  A  much  better  spirit  pervades  tlie 
prison,  and  Mr.  Downing  possesses  the  full  con- 
tidence  and  good-will  of  those  under  his  care. 

He  is  a  member  of  tiie  Masonic  fraternity, 
and  is  Past  Master  of  his  lodge.  lie  also  be- 
longs to  the  A.  ().  U.  W.  lie  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  agriculture,  and  assisted  in  organiz- 
ing the  Grange,  of  which  he  was  Master  for  a 
time.  He  was  (!liiet  Marshal  of  the  State 
Agricultural  Society  for  eight  years.  His  ranch, 
of  572  acres,  is  located  near  Sublimity  in  the 
Waldo  llill  district;  here  he  has  made  many 
valuable  improvements,  developing  one  of  the 
best  farms  in  Marion  county. 

Politically,  he  affiliates  with  the  Democratic 
party,  and  in  his  religious  faith  holds  the  views 
of  the  Christian  denomination,  but  he  is  not  a 
radical  in  either  politics  or  religion.  Ho  has 
been  a  citizen  ot  Oregon  since  1S53.  and  is 
thoroughly  respected  and  honored  for  his  many 
admirable  traits  of  character. 


-=*-< 


*»^::— 


fllOMAS  H.  DEN  XEY,  an  honored  Ore- 
gon jiioneer  of  1849,  still  residing  on  his 
donation  claim  in  Washingtun  county, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Scott  county.  Kentucky, 
July  1,  lil7.  The  ancestors  of  the  family  came 
from  old  England,  and   great-grand  father,  .lolin 


Denney,  settled  at  Chesapeake  bay.  His  wife 
was  a  Hathaway,  and  his  son,  graiidlatlicr  .\<lain 
Denney,  was  born  ut  Chesapeake  bay  in  iTl\h 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Surrey,  and  became  u 
soldier  in  the  colonial  army  during  the  Uevdlu- 
tionary  war.  Three  sons  and  six  daughters  were 
born  in  this  home.  He  died  in  Scott  county, 
Kentucky,  in  his  iMghty-foiirtli  year. 

Fielding  Denney  was  the  youngest  of  the 
family,  and  he  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  in 
1770.  He  served  in  the  war  of  17U4,  under 
(General  Lane,  and  also  was  with  General  Will- 
iam Henry  Harrison,  in  the  war  of  1812.  He 
married  Miss  .lane  llicklin  for  his  second  wife. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  llicklin,  who 
was  one  of  the  Revolutionary  soldiers  that  par- 
ticijiated  in  the  capture  of  the  army  of  Com- 
wallis.  Five  cliildren  were  born  of  this  mar- 
riage, and  Thomas  was  the  eldest.  His  father 
died  in  1S4."),  in  his  seventy-fifth  year,  and  his 
mother  diiMi  in  182(5. 

Our  subject  was  reared  to  manhood  in  .Icn- 
nings  county,  Indiana,  and  was  there  married 
January  4,  1849,  to  Miss  I  Sari  I  la  F.  King,  who 
was  born  in  Rijiley  county,  Indiana,  Decembor 
10,  1822.  She  was  the  daughter  of  James 
Kinir,  a  soldier  who  fouy-ht  all  thnnigh  the 
lievolution  uinler  (ieneral  Washington, and  from 
this  it  will  be  seen  that  on  Itotli  sides  of  the 
family  they  are  of  good  old  Revolutionary  stock. 

In  March  of  the  year  in  which  they  were 
married,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Denney  started  with 
oxen  to  make  the  long  journey  across  the  ])lains 
to  Oregon.  They  had  two  wagons  and  four 
yoke  of  oxen  on  each  wagon,  ami  they  were 
driven  by  Mr.  Denney,  a  brother  and  a  cousin. 
Several  of  the  oxen  were  lost  on  the  journey 
from  their  drinking  alkali  water,  but  aside  fmni 
this,  the  journey  was  a  nice  one,  lUid  Mrs.  Den- 
ney says  that  she  enjoyed  it  vi'iy  mncli.  They 
arriveil  ut  Foster's  farm,  in  Clackamas  county, 
October  ('),  and  from  there  came  to  Mihviiukeo, 
where  they  remaiiuMl  iluring  the  winter,  Mr. 
Denney  working  in  the  sawmill.  They  rei'.ched 
their  donation  claim  in  Washington  county, 
seven  miles  southwest  of  Portland,  November 
29.  1851.  He  had  bought  lumber  at  Milwaukee 
and  had  built  a  board  shanty,  int<i  which  they 
moved  and  commenced  their  |iioneer  life.  Hcu'e 
they  have  since  toiled  and  improved  the  dona- 
tion claim  of  (iK)  acres  of  land,  and  have  reared 
a  family  of  seven  children,  all  of  whom  are 
living  but  one.  They  are  as  follows:  Fielding 
.•.resides   in    Linn  county  and  has  a  family  of 


|i 


■     t 

k 


1028 


niSfoRY  OF  oRMaoU. 


Ilia  own;  lirmiutto  irmrrie  1  Amli'ew  Joliiiboii, 
Imd  two  cliildivii  iiiid  ilieil  in  her  tliirty-tifth 
year,  leaving  lier  cliildren  with  her  purents; 
Cyrcnn  niiirrieil  .lolin  Peterson,  and  i-eai(l"s  near 
Forest  Grove.  Thret^  sons,  J^ewis,  |{en  jainin  iv. 
iiml  Aaron  reside  at  iioine  and  are  managing 
the  hirge  t'lirin;  Alice  nuiiried  Frank  Olds  and 
resides  at  home. 

Mr.  Denney  and  his  sons  iire  Republicans, 
and  are  teni|)urance  men,  very  highly  respected 
in  the  connty  in  which  they  have  so  long  re- 
sided. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Denm^y  have  led  a  good 
and  upright  lite,  and  they  are  both  good  rej)- 
resentatives  of  the  brave  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1849. 

»-^}»^c    ■■<    I   ■ 

|EV.  ISAAC  I).  l)UI\n^:U.  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1S5;J,  was  born  upon  the  frontier, 
_.^  on  the  ^laumee  river,  near  Fort  Detiance, 
Ohio,  August  27,  182-1.  His  ])areuts,  Thomas 
and  Thanl<ful  (Travis)  Driver,  were  natives  of 
I'eiinsylvania,  their  ancesti-y  being  numbered 
among  tin'  I'liritan  settlers  of  America.  Al- 
though iii.nried  in  his  native  State,  Mr.  Oriver, 
Sr.,  and  his  family  afterward  emigrated  to  Ohio, 
and  they  were  among  the  pioneers  of  that  State. 
During  the  war  nf  1812  he  was  Lieutenant 
under  (icnci-al  William  Uenry  Harrison,  and 
was  stationed  at  Fort  Meigs.  In  April,  1827. 
he  removed  to  Fort  Wayne,  and  in  1828,  accom- 
panied by  his  young  son,  Isaac,  he  explored  the 
country  about  South  I'end,  and  camped  upon 
the  present  site  of  Chicago,  then  a  low  marsh 
and  open  prairie.  At  Fort  Wayne  Thomas  and 
liis  i)rotiier  Samuel  were  largely  engaged  in 
trading  with  the  Indians  and  in  buying  and 
selling  land.  In  18;{1  they  moved  to  (Joshen, 
Elkhart  county,  and  engaged  in  farming  and 
trading.  They  then  moved  to  .Noble  county  in 
18-44,  and  followed  farming  until  1852,  when 
they  sold  out  and  |)repared  for  the  trip  across 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  traveling  to  Iowa  in  the 
fall,  and  staying  there  during  the  winter,  and 
then  started  out  in  the  spring  for  the  longer 
trip,  which  was  accomplished,  and  they  reached 
OregoTi  in  the  fall  following.  He  then  located 
in  what  is  now  Douglas  county,  and  farmed 
until  his  death  in  1  Sol. aged  eighty-seven  years. 
Isaac  1).,  the  seventh  child  in  a  family  of 
twelve  children,  was  educated  in  Indiana.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  he  began  to  carry  the  inaiK*. 
on   horseback,  between    Fort  Wayne  and  South 


I?end,  and  for  his  bravery,  r.'gularity  and  safe 
discharge  of  duty,  traveling  through  a  wild  and 
unsettled  country,  amidst  many  dangers  from 
highwayin'n  aiul  Indians,  he  was  allowed  double 
wages,  and  continued  in  the  service  for  three 
years,  saving  his  money  in  order  to  secure  the 
highest  education  that  the  State  afforded.  As 
soon  as  he  had  aci[nired  enough  money  ho 
again  entered  school,  anil  remaiTied  until  he  was 
twenty-two  j'ears  of  age.  After  leaving  school 
lie  engaged  in  farming  aiul  stock-raising. 

In  1848  he  was  married  to  Miss  Kebecca 
Crumley,  who  survived  but  a  year,  leaving  a 
child,  Samuel  M.,  who  is  now  Presiding  Flder 
over  the  Idaho  Conference.  During  this  atHic- 
tion,  in  1849,  Mr.  Driver  sought  change  aiul 
diversion,  and  in  company  with  about  forty 
men  crossed  the  plains  to  California,  several  of 
the  company  dying  of  cholera  on  the  way,  the 
balance  arriving  at  Steep  Hollow  about  October 
1,  following.  Mr.  Driver  then  began  mining, 
but  soon  removed  to  Auburn,  where  ho  re- 
nniined  during  the  winter  and  mined  with  great 
success  until  the  spring  of  1850,  when  ho  went 
to  San  Frmcisco,  and  by  steamer  and  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama  returned  to  Indiana  and  con- 
tinued farming. 

In  1852  he  inarrie<l  Miss  Mnry  Ilardenbrook, 
and  in  the  fall  he  joined  his  father  and  brothers, 
with  their  families,  and  ])repared  for  the  trip  to 
Oregon.  The  party  numherfid  about  fifteen 
people,  with  four  ox  teams,  and  two  lighter 
wagons  drawn  by  horses  fo}'  the  women 
and  children.  Mr.  Driver's  mother  died  from 
mountain  fever,  and  numy  of  the  cattle  and 
horses  perished  from  the  alkali  water.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  party  laiuled  in  the  Willamette 
valley,  at  Foster's,  September  14,  1853,  and  on 
October  4  they  tiled  their  claims  in  the  Ump- 
qua  valley,  now  Douglas  county,  in  close 
proximity  to  .ludge  Matthew  P.  Deady,  Oov- 
ernorGibb.i,  Hon.  I'.  P.  Prim  and  Judge  IJiley 
E.  Strattan,  and  prominent  men  in  the  history 
of  Oregon.  Isaac  Driver  then  engaged  in  fann- 
ing ami  stock-raising  imtil  he  was  taken  very 
sick  witli  a  severe  fever,  and  nearly  died.  Re- 
viewing his  life  and  the  promises  he  had  made 
his  mother  and  son,  he  resolved  that  if  he  were 
spared  to  this  life,  he  would  devote  the  rest  of 
his  life  to  the  service  of  the  Lord.  As  soon  as 
he  was  able  he  began  the  study  of  Latin,  Greek 
and  Hebrew  witli  private  tutors,  and  entered 
with  zest  upon  the  work  toward  whicU  he  had 
been  inclined  ever  since  he  had  been  ten  years 


It r STORY    of   OUHOON. 


1020 


of  age.  Ill  1857  lio  l)f<;aii  pruachiriff  in  tlie 
Uinpqua  valley  from  hie  own  house,  and  in 
1858  he  joined  the  Oregon  Conference  and  was 
assigned  to  Jacksonville,  followed  by  Eugene 
City,  Coi'vallis,  the  J)alles  and  Oregon  City. 
In  18(57  he  was  appointed  agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Society  for  Oregon,  Washington, 
Montana  and  Idaho,  traveliiiii  through  the 
Northwest  and  locating  preachen?  for  tiie  dis- 
tribution of  the  P>ible.  He  met  with  numerous 
dangers  and  ditKculties,  but  never  suft'ered  from 
accident  or  being  molested. 

In  18(57  he  was  again  bereaved  through  the 
death  of  his  wife,  who  left  five  chililren,  four  of 
whom  are  still  living.  He  continued  his  ardu- 
ous duties,  and  was  atjain  married  at  Eiiy-ene 
City,  in  1871,  to  Miss  Leanna  lies,  who  sur- 
vived but  seven  months.  After  seven  years' 
service  as  agent  for  the  American  Hible  Society, 
Mr.  Driver  resigned  and  took  a  trip  East,  and 
was  married  again  in  Michigan,  to  Miss  Anna 
Northnip,  and,  returning  to  Oregon,  he  was  a])- 
pointed  Presiding  Elder  of  tlic  Salem  District, 
tor  two  years,  and  in  1875  deatli  again  entered 
the  family,  removing  his  wife,  who  left  one 
child.  In  1876  he  was  assigned  to  Monroe, 
and  in  1877  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Williams, and  continued  his  pastorate  at  Browns- 
ville and  Eugene  City,  with  four  years  as  Pre- 
siding Elder  of  the  Eugene  District,  until  188(5, 
when  he  was  assigneil  to  the  Centenary  Church 
at  Portland. 

Eor  thirty-five  years  Mr.  Driver  has  been  an 
earnest  and  faithful  student  of  divine  truths, 
aided  by  a  large  library,  which  includes  the 
original  translation  of  the  ante-Nicene  library, 
from  Christ  through  all  the  Apostolic  epistles. 
Thus,  assisted  by  hard  study,  a  retentive  mem- 
ory and  a  judicial  mind,  he  sought  out  the 
milder  teachings  of  scripture,  and  through  his 
expositions  he  became  famed  the  world  over, 
and  was  declared  to  have  no  superior  in  the 
world  on  Christian  evidences.  In  1889  the 
Secular  T'nion,  in  session  in  Cliicago,  issued  a 
chidlenge  to  Protestant  denominations  to  meet 
them  in  open  discussions  comparing  Cliristinn- 
ity  with  secularism.  Mr.  Driver  was  securt>(l 
by  Mr.  Dwight  L.  Moo<ly,  and  he  accepted  the 
challenge,  and  this  poster  was  circulated  in 
May,  1889: 

"VUev.  I.  D.  Driver,  of  Portland  (I).  L. 
Moody's  representative),  will  meet  Charles 
AV^atts,  Es(].,  >f  Toronto,  Ontario,  the  c]u\nipion 
of  free   thought,  in  a  four   nights"  discussion. 


alternate  hours,  at  Princess  Opera  House,  Chi 
cago.  \)r.  Driver  has  spent  thirty  years  in  in- 
vestigating science  for  the  purjioso  of  meeting 
the  arguments  of  infidels,  agnostics,  etc.  He 
is  a  thoroughly  equipped  theologian.  Charles 
Watts,  editor  of  Secidar  Thouglil,  was  the 
associate  of  Charles  liradlaugli  and  (ieorgc  J. 
Ilolyoke, and  is  the  foremost  debater  in  the  free 
fiehl." 

At  the  close  of  the  discussion  resolutions 
were  introduced  by  Mr.  Stevens,  secretary  of 
the  Si^cnlar  Union,  extendinif  sincere  thanks  to 
Dr.  Driver  and  D.  E.  Moody  for  their  partici- 
j)ati(>n  in,  and  candor  and  fairness  manifested 
by  them  throughout,  the  discussion. 

Dr.  Driver  remained  in  Chicago  three  months, 
attending  Mr.  Moody's  School  of  Churchi^s,  and 
performed  a  noblo  work  in  Bible  teaching.  On 
returning  to  Oregon  he  was  a|)pointcd  general 
agent  to  build  the  Portland  Hospital,  which  he 
accomplished  at  an  expense  of  .SIOO.OOO,  he 
soliciting  the  subscriptions  and  purchasing  the 
land. 

In  1883  he  purchased  his  present  fai'm  of  l;i5 
acres,  near  Eugene,  which  he  has  occupied  from 
time  to  Lime,  but  permanently  sinix'  1889,  en- 
gagei!  in  farming  and  stock-raising,  kee|>ing  a 
high  grade  of  Clydesdale  horses  and  registered 
Jersey  cattle.  Berkshire  hogs  and  pure  blood 
chickens  and  turkeys. 

Mr.  Driver  has  by  his  present  wife  eight 
children.  He  is  a  Uoyal  Arch  Mason,  anil 
for  many  years  was  Chaplain  of  the  Chapter. 
Through  his  years  of  labor,  suffering  and  hard- 
shi|)s  his  nerves  became  very  much  shattered, 
but  though  -ixty-eight  years  of  age,  his  powers 
of  mind  are  nnabatecl.  During  his  years  of 
labor  the  work  has  been  done  for  love  of  the 
Master  and  the  conversion  of  souls;  his  teach- 
ings have  be(^n  from  conviction  and  original 
thought,  and  not  book  lore,  ami  his  reward  shall 
be  great  when  the  Maker  counts  up  his  jewels. 


AMUEL  ENGLE,  another  of  the  lionore.l 
Oregon  pioneers  of  184."),  was  boi'ii  in  St. 
Clair  county,  Illinois,  January  HO,  18:il. 
His  am^estors  came  from  (ierniany  and  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Virginia,  (ireat- 
grandfather  John  ICngle  and  his  son  Joseph 
fought  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  The  lattei' 
was  the  father  of  three  bous  and  one  daughter. 


losu 


atatoBV  of  ORBOON. 


H 


HI    ' 


III 


Tilt)  eldest  <if  tiiese  sons,  Willimii  Kngle,  the 
fiither  nf  mil'  snlijcct.  was  born  at  Harper's 
i''ei-i'y,  N'irfriiiiii,  Mitrcli  18,  1789,  and  was  a  sol- 
dier ill  the  war  ol'  Lsl2.  lie  was  married  in 
Vir).;inia,  in  181(!  to  ^[is8  Mary  i'ntt,  and  in 
182(t  they  remove  J  to  Illinois,  whei'e  she  died 
in  18Sii},  ieuviiiir  ti.ree  children,  in  I8li4  Mr. 
Knjrle  married  Mrs.  Ester  Hayes,  who  died  soon 
after  her  marriage,  and  in  182(5  he  wedded  Mrs. 
.NFartha  Chance,  who  was  born  in  17'.t8,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Clark.  They  had  five  children, 
and  with  his  wife  and  these  children-  -then  all 
single — he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  1845. 

The  P^nfrle  family  left  their  home  in  Illinois, 
Maivli  18,  1845,  their  outfit  consisting  of  two 
wagons,  eight  yoke  of  oxen,  thirty-one  eows  and 
heifers,  and  three  horses,  the  family  being  loaded 
in  one  wagon  and  their  provisions  in  the  other, 
and  after  a  long  and  tedions  journey,  but  a  suc- 
cessful one.  they  arrived  at  their  destination  in 
the  middle  of  l)e(!einber.  At  Oregon  ( 'ity  they 
spent  the  winter,  where  the  father  worked  at  the 
carpenters'  trade.  In  the  spring  of  1840  they 
selected  a  donation  claim  in  Clackamas  county, 
sixteen  miles  sonth  of  Oregon  City,  on  which 
they  built  a  hewed-log  house,  at  that  time  there 
being  only  one  settler  between  them  and  Ore- 
gon ('ity.  On  this  property  they  resided  until 
18(ili,  when  they  sold  out  to  Oliver  Uobbins. 
Samiiil  Kngle,  the  subject  of  our  sketcli,  subse- 
Jliiently  piircdiased  Siio  acres  of  the  claim,  and 
on  it  has  since  resided.  The  father  then  pur- 
chased a  half  section  of  land  in  Yarn  Hill 
county,  and  after  living  on  it  a  year,  sold  out  and 
went  to  Silverton  in  Marion  county.  There  he 
purchased  a  tract  of  land  and  spent  the  resitlue 
of  his  life,  dying  May  18,  1868.  He  was  an 
intluential  citizen  in  the  early  history  of  the  Ter- 
ritory and  StaiO,  having  served  in  the  Territorial 
Legislature  in  1847;  also  served  a  term  of  two 
yeai's  as  Judge  of  liis  county.  His  wife  died  in 
1849.  She  was  a  most  estimable  woman,  and 
their  ])ioneer  home  was  noted  for  its  hospitality. 

Following  are  the  names  of  their  childrcHi: 
^Malvina,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  Mitchell  Whit- 
lock,  Marion  county,  Oregon;  Sarah,  wife  of 
(ieorge  ifeese,  and  the  niotluM-  of  three  children, 
died  in  1859;  Samuel:  Christopher,  who  died 
in  185!t,  in  his  twenty-fifth  year;  Augustus  died 
ill  1880,  leaving  two  children. 

Samuel  Engle  was  among  the  number  who 
sought  the  gold  mines  of  California  in  1849. 
lie  mined  on  Clear  creek,  where  he  spent  about 
six  months;  also  mined  at  .lackson.  Oregon.    In 


later  years  ho  was  engaged  in  freighting  provi- 
sions to  the  mines,  going  in  18(i4  to  the  mines 
of  Idaho.  In  the  meantime  he  married  and  set- 
tled on  the  farm  above  referred  to,  and  in  1875 
he  built  a  comfortable  and  substantial  home  on 
it.  This  property  he  has  developed  into  one  of 
the  finest  farms  in  the  county.  Mr.  Kngle  is 
thoi'oughly  posted  on  the  history  of  his  State. 
An  active  and  intelligent  member  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic |)arty,  ho  has  several  times  been  chosen 
for  jiositions  of  importance.  The  Democrats, 
however,  being  in  the  minority  here,  he  has  al- 
ways been  defeated.  lie  takes  an  active  inter- 
est in  the  educational  affairs  of  his  district,  and 
has  served  as  School  Clerk  for  twenty  years. 
He  has  been  Secretary  of  the  Orange,  of  which 
he  was  a  charter  member. 

Novembei'  K),  1854,  Mr.  Engle  married  Miss 
Nancy  II.  Dunniway,  a  native  of  HIinois,  born 
February  IG,  1h;?8,  daughter  of  Benjamin  I. 
Dunniway.  They  have  seven  children,  namely: 
Clarence,  who  is  married  and  resides  in  Clacka- 
mas county;  Emma  F.,  at  home;  Albert,  mar- 
ried a, id  living  in  this  county:  VV.  H.  and  his 
little  son,  Gilbert,  reside  with  his  parents,  his 
wife  having  died;  Alice,  wife  of  Benjamin  F. 
liarless,  Clackamas  county;  D.,  at  home;  and 
Annie,  who  is  attending  school. 

Such  ip  a  brief  sketch  of  one  of  Oregon's  re- 
spected pioneers. 


— '^^mm^'^ —     '    •;. 

oris  C.  FAKIIAR,  Captain  of  Company 
G,  First  Regiment,  Oregon  National 
(iuards.  is  a  native  of  New  York  city, 
)orn  April  9,  1850.  Prior  to  the  Revolutionary 
war  his  ancestors  settled  in  \ow  York,  and  in 
that  war  performed  valiant  service.  They  also 
|)articipated  in  the  war  of  1812.  The  parents 
of  our  subject,  George  C.  and  Ann  E.  (Blood- 
good)  F'arrar,  were  both  natives  of  New  York 
city.  George  C.  Farrar  was  Captain  of  the 
Tenth  Company,  Seventh  Regiment,  New  Y'"ork 
National  (inards,  serving  as  such  eleven  years, 
and  resigning  in  1865.  In  business  he  was 
a  prominent  coal  merchant  of  New  York  city, 
and  for  many  years  was  jiresident  of  Fall  Creek 
tfc  Lehigh  Valley  Coal  (Domjiany.  He  and  his 
wife  had  three  children,  Louis  C.  being  the 
second  born,  lie  was  educated  at  the  old  Gram- 
mar School,  No.  55,  and  at  the  City  of  New 
York  ( 'olleire. 


UrsTOHi'    OF    OliEOON. 


lOUl 


January  1,  1870.  yomig  FHrrar  eiitereil  tlie 
employ  of  .John  M. 'Davis  vV:  Co.,  large  Inipor- 
ters  and  jobbers,  dealers  in  gents'  fnriiisbinif 
goods,  and  remained  in  their  city  store  until 
Novomhur,  15.  1875.  when  he  was  transferred 
to  their  branch  house  in  San  Francisco,  and  was 
there  engaged  until  the  house  was  discontinued 
in  1877.  Mr.  Farrar  was  then  employivl  by 
C.  C.  Hastings  iV:  Co..  prominent  dealers  of  San 
Francisco,  with  whom  he  remained  until  1880. 
That  year  he  came  to  Portland  as  salesman  for 
Fishel  &  lloberts.  In  188;}  this  firm  dissolved 
and  the  business  was  continued  by  A.  lloberts, 
for  whom  Mr.  FaiTar  has  become  confidential 
manager  in  the  care  of  store  and  purchase  of 
stock. 

lie  was  married  in  Portland,  .fnly  9. 1883,  to 
Miss  Lnhi  E.  Hiven,  a  native  of  San  Francisco, 
and  a  daughter  of  Rasey  P>iven,  a  (California 
pioneer  of  1850,  and  a  prominent  man  in  min- 
ing and  newspaper  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Farrar 
have  an  only  child,  Victor  C. 

The  military  life  of  our  subject  began  in  Cali- 
fornia, April  1,  1878,  with  the  organization  and 
enlistment  of  Company  F,  Second  Regiment, 
National  (ruards  of  California.  Attaining  the 
rank  of  Sergeant,  he  received  an  honorable  ilis- 
chargo  upon  leaving  that  State  for  Oregon,  in 
the  fall  of  1880.  [n  the  latter  i)art  of  1883,  a 
younger  element  of  society  in  Portland  mani- 
fested a  desire  to  enter  the  National  Guard, 
which  culminated  in  the  organization  of  Com- 
pany (t,  November  15,  1888,  and  was  mustered 
into  the  service  of  the  State  by  Major  II.  II. 
Northrup.  This  company  started  with  a  mus- 
ter roll  of  forty-five  members.  It  received 
valuable  assistance  from  Brigadier-General 
William  Kapus,  whose  untiri'ig  efforts  and  zeal 
laid  the  fountlation  of  an  organization  which 
has  no  superior  and  few  e<]uals.  At  tliat  time 
the  State,  under  the  old  militia  law,  simply  fur- 
nished guns,  and  the  members  of  the  conijiauy 
were  compelled  to  uniform  and  e([uip  themselves 
out  of  their  own  pockets.  Mr.  Farrar  was 
elected  the  first  captain,  which  office  he  has  con- 
tinued to  till  with  honor  and  distinction.  A 
number  of  exhibition  drills,  in  which  the  com 
pany  displayed  its  proficiency,  broughl  it  prom- 
inently Dof'ore  the  public.  Its  first  victory  in 
competitive  drill  was  July  4,  1885,  with  Com- 
pany E  of  the  same  regiment.  Since  then,  in 
competitive  drill  at  Tacoma,  and  from  the  Seat- 
tle liifles.  they  have  received  the  wreath  of 
victory,  and  their  challenge  is  now  extended  to 


any  comj)any  of  the  coast.  Tlie  same  untiring 
energy  ami  close  attention  to  tactics  has  kept 
this  company  always  in  the  front.  It  has  also 
combined  the  social  with  tiie  military,  and  in 
atiiletics  it  has  taken  the  lead,  having  given 
two  of  the  most  successful  meetings  that  have 
ever  been  held  in  the  Northwest.  One  of  the 
greatest  com|)liin(>nt8  that  has  ever  i)een  paid 
the  organization  has  beini  the  demimil  M|)on  it 
for  officers,  and  nol)ly  has  the  company  re- 
sponded, having  trained  aiul  educated  many  of 
the  commissioned  officers  of  the  other  coni- 
|)anie8  of  the  regiment.  The  members  of  the 
company  hold  an  annual  reunion  lianijuet  on  the 
anniversary  of  its  organization,  whicli  is  largely 
attended  iiy  the  active  and  veteran  meml)ers, 
and  the  feeling  of  once  a  (t  man,  always  a  (i 
man,  is  maintained. 


fAMES  ALLEN  FLIPPIN,  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer, came  to  <  )regon  in  18-45,  and  has  twice 
made  the  trip  across  the  |)hiins  witii  oxen. 
He  is  from  Tennessee  by  birth,  being  born  in 
Weakley  county,  on  Mai'cii  17.  1825.  His  father, 
Jesse  Flippin.  was  born  in  Barren  county,  ivcn- 
tucky,  on  Sept.  10.  1798.  The  ancestry'of  the 
family  were  English,  and  they  settled  in  N'irginia 
and  later  in  Kentucky.  Mr.  I'lippin's  father 
married  Elizabeth  White,  of  Halifax  county, 
Virginia,  and  the  daugiiter  of  Joseph  White, 
who  served  in  the  Kevolution.  They  removed 
to  Gibson  county.  Tennessee,  and  there  raised 
their  family  of  eleven  children. 

In  1852  Mr.  Flip])in,  with  his  young  wife 
and  his  father  and  mother  and  tlu*  family,  with 
others,  started  for  Oregon.  That  was  the  year 
that  the  cholera  did  such  fatal  work  among  the 
emigrants.  Jesse  Flippin  died,  and  so  did  the 
mother  and  many  others,  and  the  remainder  were 
so  discouraged  that  they  abi'ndnned  tiicir  attempt 
and  went  home.  Mr.  Flip[)in,  Sr..  went  to  Ten- 
nessee and  from  there  to  Texsvs,  niarrie<l  a  second 
time,  and  resided  in  Titus  county,  that  State,  un- 
til the  day  of  his  death. 

.fames  Allen  Flippin  was  raised  in  Tennessee 
till  his  twentieth  year.  At  that  time  the  advan- 
tages of  an  education  were  very  limited  in  his 
State,  and  six  months  of  schooling  was  all  he  ever 
obtained,  but  he  was  intelligent  and  what  ho 
faileil  to  get  at  school  he  picked  up  in  tiie  school 
of  experience.      In   18-1-5  he  crossed  the  plains, 


it! 


i^ 


il 


10.12 


nisTORY  OF  on/annff. 


V'     f 


iiikI  wlieii  lie  ciiiiii'  tn  tliti  I'liitto  rivur.iii  ('oinpaiiy 
Willi  ColoiU'l  Hull,  lie  made  :i  Imi'fraiii  with  A. 
I'l'iiyoi'  t(i  (Jrivc  IiIh  loose  cattle  to  Oi'cjroii  at  $."> 
jicr  iiioiitii  ami  boai-(i,  or  if  he  wished  he  eoiild 
take  his  choice  of  one  of  tlu;  cows.  They  had 
150  htiail  of  tliciii  when  they  reached  Fort  I'oise. 
Ste|)hen  Meek  otferiMJ  to  collide  them  liy  the  way 
of  Meek's  ciit-olf,  which  would  take  them  two 
weeks'  less  time,  for  $1  for  each  of  the  tiftv 
wafriiiis.  They  started,  but  Mr.  Meek  lost  liis 
heariiifr,  and  they  were  a  two  weekn  longer  on  the 
trip  than  they  had  expected,  and  they  had  to  get 
out  as  best  they  couhl.  They  were  out  of  pro- 
visions ami  the  whole  party  were  on  short  rations, 
and  they  nearly  died  for  want  of  food.  When 
they  reached  the  Dalles  they  obtained  liean»  and 
beef,  and  they  were  so  very  hungry  that  they 
could  not  wait  to  cook  them.  One  of  the  men 
made  himself  sosick  from  overeating  that  bodied 
in  great  siilfering.  Mrs.  Frayer  gave  her  people 
a  limited  allowance  and  thus  avoided  any 
danger  in  that  way.  When  they  reached  the 
Dalles  Mr.  I'Vaycr  considered  the  contract  ful- 
filled, and  offered  him  oi)  cents  a  day  to  drive 
the  stock  to  the  moutii  of  the  Sandy.  It  took 
thirty  days,  and  when  Mr.  Frayer  paid  him 
83()..jU,  in  full,  he  felt  very  rich.  Wlien  they 
reached  Vancouver  they  bought  jiotatoes  and 
salmon  to  eat.  and  it  was  a  great  treat  to  them. 
He  was  18f)  (lays  in  crosaincf  the  plains  and  ar- 
rived on  November  14,  1845.  He  went  to 
Washington  county,  and  at  Wa|)at()  Lake  made 
1,000  rails  for  ten  bushels  of  wheat,  and  then 
made  rails  for  a  Spanish  steer.  Thus  he  was 
])rovi(le<l  for  the  winter  with  tlonr  and  meat, 
and  with  a  few  peas  for  coffee.  In  some  way  or 
other  he  got  through  the  winter,  and  in  iHi'J 
went  to  California  overland  with  oxen  to  the 
mines.  Here  he  mined  two  and  OTie-half  years 
with  reasonable  success.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  he  returned  to  Tennessee.  In  1853,  after 
the  failure  in  1852  to  get  tlirough,  he  again 
faced  the  danger  of  the  journey.  Heliadgone 
home  by  the  way  of  water,  and  reached  there  on 
December  V.\  1851.  He  married  Miss  Jane 
Amanda  Patton.  and  on  the  10th  of  March  they 
started  for  Oregon.  He  had  his  own  outfit,  but 
they  had  only  traveled  about  ~00  miles  when 
thev  were  forced  to  give  uji  the  journey.  He 
then  went  to  Vernon  county,  iHssouri,  and  the 
following  spring  they  came  tlirough,  and  were 
ItiO  days  in  making  the  journey.  IJe  went  to 
(."olonel  Hull's,  who  was  hie  uncle,  and  took  u|) 
a  claim  of  <i'M  acres  o(  hind.     He  built  on  this 


first  jiroperty  and  improved  it,  and  spent  thirty- 
three  years  of  his  life  on  it,  and  made  a  tine  and 
valuable  farm  out  of  it.  He  had  born  to  him 
eleven  children:  Hlizabeth  S.,  now  Mrs.  H.  F. 
Smith;  William  H.;  Mary  Jane  became  Mrs. 
Weldy  Steward  and  soon  after  died  in  her 
twenty-tirat  year;  .lames  W.;  Woodson  L.;  Olive 
A.,  died  in  her  tweiity-first  year;  Thomas  J.; 
Fldward,  F.  1,.,  Nancy  Flla  and  Selah  M.  Mr. 
Flippin  has  been  County  Assessor  fouryears.and 
seventeen  in  succession  as  School  District  (Jlerk. 
JIo  was  also  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  several 
years,  and  a  census  enumerator  in  1880.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Good  Templars.  Mr. 
Flippin  was  a  very  good  marksman,  and  a  hard- 
working man-  He  had  a  ]iowerful  constitution, 
and  was  for  many  years  a  respected,  influential  citi- 
zen; but  circumstances  occurred  that  rendered  it 
necessary  for  him  to  sell  his  tine  farm  for  !j!0,000. 
Itis  now  worth  alargehiim.  Mr.  Flippin  nowre- 
sides  (Ml  a  new  farm  of  liiO  acres  of  land,  twenty- 
two  miles  northwest  of  Hillsboro,  and  when  we 
see  Mr.  Flippin  we  say  that  there  is  one  of  Ore- 
gon's hardy  pioneers. 


fRANK  DEKl'M. — Among  the  early  pio- 
neers of  Oregon  we  find  Mr.  Frank  Dekum, 
who  was  born  in  Palatine,  JJavaria,  Ger- 
many, November  .j,  1820.  There  his  ancestry 
had  lived  for  generations,  engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness eiiterjirises  of  the  locality.  Seeking  a 
broader  field  of  labor  in  1837,  his  father,  Frank 
Dekum,  with  his  wife  and  seven  children  emi- 
grated to  America,  (imong  the  pioneers  of  Illi- 
nois, located  in  St.  Clair  county,  where  he  fol- 
lowed farming  until  his  death,  in  1850,  his  wife 
following  him  the  same  year. 

The  education  of  Frank  Dekum  was  exceed- 
ingly limited  and  almost  restricted  to  the  home- 
teaching  of  his  mother.  Times  were  hard  and 
money  was  very  scarce,  and  Frank,  being  a 
strong,  robust,  willing  lad,  w.is  I\ept  constantly 
employed  in  providing  for  the  riMjuirements  of 
the  family.  Those  were  days  when  muscle,  in- 
stead of  mind. was  regarded  as  the  essential  facil- 
ity to  develop,  as  the  body  must  be  clothed  and 
fed,  regardless  of  other  necessities.  Fruiik  re- 
mained at  home  until  1848.  when  he  struck  out 
in  life  for  his  own  support.  Going  to  St.  Louis 
he  apprenticed  himnelf  to  learn  the  business  of 
confectioner,  agreeing  to  remain  three  years,  the 


'<ui. 


nrsTonr  or  ohkoox. 


liiii:i 


first  year  to  receive  $;)  p«r  niDiilli;  tlie  sucoml 
yciir  !?4  per  inoiitli,  mid  tlio  lliiinl  year  ijlS  per 
iiiotitli.  IIJH  JKuH's  (if  work  iidiiy  iiviTiic^cd  i"niiii 
fifteen  to  ciglitetMi  hours,  with  no  holidiiye,  iukI 
on  Sundiiys  lie  wiis  cxptictod  to  tittond  church  in 
tlic    niorninf^    and   iho  store  in   tiio  afternoon. 

Tiiis  ntcrn  diecipline  inciijratod  liuhits  of  per- 
HJutcnt  |)ernevenince,  wliieii  liave  followed  him 
tliro'ii;li  iiiii  life. 

In  I'VUruarv,  1H52,  witli  his  friend,  l''redriek 
iJickel,  Mr.  I^eknm  started  for  California  hy 
steamer  and  the  i'anama  route,  arriving  in  San 
Franeisco  Juno  15  of  the  same  year.  IIi- 
then  followed  ruining  at  Fi-encli  (Jnlcliaiid  Mid- 
dletown  until  March,  185ij,  und  then  returned  to 
San  Francisco,  and  hy  sailing  vessel  made  the 
trip  to  Portland,  which  was  then  a  town  of 
al)out  1,500  inhabitants.  The  entire  cash  capi- 
tal of  Mr.  Deknni,  on  arrival,  was  S2.  lie 
fonnd  emjiloynient  at  a  small  liakeiy  while 
looking  over  the  proBjiects,  and  then  sent  to 
California  for  his  friend,  Fredrick  liickel,  and 
the  firm  of  Dekum  &  J?iekel  was  established, 
located  on  Front  street,  an<l  engaged  in  the  am- 
fectionery,  restaurant  and  fruit  business.  I'Vuit 
was  purchased  at  Milwaukee  from  Mr.  Llewel- 
lyn, the  pioneer  fruit-grower  of  Oregon,  who 
l)rouglit  his  fruit  trees  with  him  across  the 
plains,  and  from  him  originated  the  "  red  ap- 
]iles  "  for  which  Oregon  has  since  bcconu'  fa- 
iTious.  During  1853  the  Gloria  Miiudi  apples 
were  worth  much,  being  sold  as  high  as  §5  each; 
Hartlett  j)ears  S18  per  dozen,  and  cluTries  four 
bits  a  dozen.  Money  was  made  in  this  way 
very  rapidly  until  fall,  when  both  were  taken 
sick,  and  the  cash  was  again  reduced.  "With 
the  return  of  health,  business  was  again  con- 
tinued, and  with  the  increase  of  jiopulation  and 
settlement  of  the  country,  thcv  gradually  ex- 
tended— confinint;  themsi'lvi's  to  inanuracturini; 
and  selling  only  at  wholesale — through  Oregon, 
Washington  ami  Idaho,  with  an  extensive  and 
profitable  trade,  thus  being  the  leading  house  of 
the  class  in  the  Northwest,  continuing  ntitil 
1880,  when  Mr.  Dekum  sold  his  interest  to  his 
partner,  and  retired  from  the  business.  In  IHTl 
he  erected  the  Dekum  building  on  tli(i  corner  of 
Washington  and  First  streets,  being  of  lirick, 
100  feet  square  and  three  stories  high,  and  then 
considered  the  finest  business  block  of  the  State. 
In  1872  he  built  on  the  corner  of  Front  and  A 
streets,  and  in  1875  the  "Council  building," 
corner  of  Third  and  Washington  streets,  and  in 
187i)  he  built  his    handsome    residence  on  the 


block  bounded  hy  Kh^venth  and  Twelfth,  Vani 
Jlill  and  Morrison  streets.  That  jjart  of  the 
city  was  then  slightly  improved,  an  I  his  res- 
ideiu;e  was  considered  years  ahead  of  the  times. 
In  1880  .Mr.  Dekum  was  one  of  the  incorrior- 
ators  of  the  I'ortlainl  Savings  l!ank,  and  was 
electeil  vice-president,  \>ith  D.  I'.  Thom|ison 
president.  The  liauk  was  so  prospi'rous  and  did 
such  an  extensive  commercial  business  thai  in 
18S(5  they  built  the  Portland  Savings  liaidi 
buililing,  corner  of  Second  and  Washington 
streets,  and  therein  arranged  oflices  for  them- 
selves, and  alsii  organized  thr  ('ommercial  Xa- 
tional  Hank,  with  otHces  in  same  building,  with 
Mr.  Dekum  as  president  of  the  Savings  liank. 
Hoth  banks  have  continued  with  nnirked  pros- 
perity. 

In  18112  Mr.  Dekum  complet('d  the  nn)nu- 
nient  of  his  life,  by  erecting  on  the  corner  of 
Third  and  Washington  streets,  one  of  the  first 
ofiice  blocks  of  the  city,  termed  the  "The  De- 
kum." The  building  is  a  100  feet  S(|inire, 
the  first  three  stories  being  of  stone,  hatidsoine- 
ly  cut  and  chased,  surmounted  l)y  five  stories 
additional  of  pressed  brick  and  terra  eotta. 
In  1878  Mr.  Dekum  was  one  of  the  or- 
ganizers of  the  Mechanics'  Fair  .Vssociation, 
whi(di  continued  very  jirosperonsly  for  about 
seven  years,  and  then,  because  of  h'\>  advanced 
ideas,  which  were  not  ajiproved  by  the  directors, 
he  withdrew  and  became  one  of  the  incorporators 
of  the  North  Pacilic  Industrial  .\ssociati(ui,  sub 
seiiuently  changeil  to  the  Portland  Industrial 
Ex[)osition,  which  purchased  seven  and  one. half 
blocks.  They  have  erected  a  handsome  build- 
ing, 3()0\4()()  feet,  conveniently  divided  for  ex- 
position purposes.  In  1SS8  he  begat  agitating 
a  movement  for  the  protection  and  Inipoitation 
of  singing  birds.  Proper  laws  have  been  made 
and  many  birds  imported  from  (iermany  and 
other  countries,  of  the  thrush,  finch  and  sky- 
lark species,  and  where  Nature  was  once  silent 
it  now  resonnds  with  music.  This  enterprise 
has  created  much  favorable  comnu'iit  through- 
out iMirope  and  the  Pacilic  States. 

Mr.  Dekum  was  a  charter  nu'Uiber  of  the 
Oerman  Aid  Society,  organized  in  18(15,  and  has 
been  Its  Treasurer  for  years.  In  politicks  he  is 
a  Kepuhlican,  but  has  studiously  declined  any 
nomination,  though  ever  active  in  promoting 
wise  and  good  measures  in  the  development  of 
his  adopted  city  and  country.  Since  twelve 
years  of   his  life  have  been  devoted  to  business, 


10:<4 


lIIsnUiY    oh'    (illKniiN. 


nnil  liJH  proHunt  8uccuhs  Iiiih  Iwcii  iittuiiiod  liy  per- 
Hinti'iit  cH'oi't,  ovcrcuiiiiiif^  iiiiiny  olistaoluH,  but 
with  kt'cii  foresight  iiiiil  lioiicst  purposes,  hiu 
ellbrtr-  hii\e  liuun  wi'll  rowiirdcd. 


I^^HUNAIiU  (iOLDSMITll,  ii  moucy-Kmner 
and  spi'C'.ihitor  mid  (jiin  of  thti  Buccussfiil 
IjurtiiK^ss  men  of  I'drthiiid,  Oregon,  was 
hiirn  in  Havariii,  (ii'iiiiany,  in  1(S;{2,  Imh  ancoBtry 
liavinir  ionc^  lict-n  resident  of  that  hx-ality.  His 
fathi>r  was  a  mechanic  hy  ti'ade,  l)nt  for  many 
yoars  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits. 

At  tliu  agt(  of  fourteen  liernard  entered  liis 
futlier's  store  and  served  an  apprentice8iii|)  to 
tiie  mercantile  husini'sa.  In  lS18,  accompanied 
by  his  hrtit her  Solomon,  he  emigrated  to  America, 
and  after  landinj,^  in  \ew  York  city  wan  em- 
ployed as  clerk  there  until  the  fall  of  \HX\\.  At 
that  time,  joininj^  the  tide  of  emif^rati(jn,  ho 
started  for  California,  via  the  Isthmus  route, 
landing  in  San  Francisco  in  January,  1850.  lie 
then  went  to  Sacrainent'.i  and  Marysville,  where 
h<(  clerked  for  a  time.  We  next  find  him  on  the 
north  fork  of  the  Feather  river,  where  he  opened 
a  ti'ading  post  an<l  remained  one  year,  at  the  end 
of  which  time  he  sold  out,  went  to  Sonoma,  and 
there  conducteil  a  similar  store  until  the  spring 
of  185:i.  From  that  time  until  1854  he  had  a 
jewelry  store  in  San  Francisco.  In  1854  he 
opened  a  ijeneral  mercjiandise  store  at  Crescent 
City,  northern  California,  and  in  IS.IS  a  branch 
store  in  Kogue  river  valley,  both  of  which  he 
Continued  until  18.")8,  when  he  centcreil  his  in- 
terests in  tiie  valley  and  there  remaineil  until 
1800.  In  18()0  he  came  to  Portland  aiid  opened 
a  jewelry  store  and  assay  otHco  and  traded  in 
gold  dust.  Tliis  business  he  carried  on  until 
1807,  when,  in  partnership  with  his  brothers, 
Louis  and  Max.  he  became  interested  in  an  ex- 
tensive wholesale  dry-goods  establishment  in 
i'ortland.  This  business  was  conducted  chiefiy 
by  his  brothers,  while  he  gave  his  attention  to 
the  Ktock  business,  f)wning  7,000  acres  of  land  in 
Linn  county  and  3.000  acres  in  Hen  ton  county, 
which  was  well-stocked  with  cattle,  lie  al.so 
owned  a  largr  band  of  cattle  in  eastern  Oregon, 
about  8,000  head  in  all.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  seven  yeftrs. 

In  187l-'72  Mr.  (ioldsmith  was  one  of  the 
syndicate  to  organize  the  Willamette  Falls,  (Janal 
(&  I.iOck  Coujpany,  of  which  he  was  president.    He 


directed  the  building  of  tbV'loeln  at  Oregon 
(!ity.  Ho  was  also  president  of  the  Willamette 
Falls,  Canal,  i^ock  iv  Trans|)ortation  Company, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1872,  and  which  oper- 
ated a  line  of  steamers  from  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion on  the  Willamette  river  to  Astoria.  They 
built  the  steamers,  Governor  '  \  ■)ver,  Willamette 
(yhiof,  CJhampion,  Heaver,  and  barge  ('olund)ia 
(Jhief.  This  was  the  Hrst  large  freight  barge  used 
for  river  trattic,  it  having  a  carrying  capacity  of 
HOO  tons  of  wheat.  Mr.  (ioldsmith  retired  from 
this  company  in  1870,  and  in  1878  from  the 
mercantile  business.  In  1880  he  engaged  in 
speculation  and  money-loaning,  which  ho  has 
continued  to  tin*  present  time. 

Ho  was  married  in  San  Francisco,  in  ISOii,  to 
Miss  Eiiima  Frohman,  a  native  of  Euro])o,  and 
to  their  Union  has  lieen  added  s'  «'.liildron,  whoso 
names  are  as  follows:  Jae'is  S..  Louis  .).,  Mil- 
ton M.,  Alice  H.,  May  E.  iu,  '    v..  red  S. 

Mr.  Ooldsmith  was  elected  Mayor  of  I'ortland 
in  1870  and  served  one  term.  He  was  elected 
Chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Com- 
mittee in  1880,  and  again  in  1890,  heing  the 
present  incumbent.  He  was  caucus  nominee  for 
I'nited  States  Senator  at  the  session  held  in 
January,  1892.  Mr.  (Toldsmith  owns  valuable 
pro|ierty  in  i'ortland.  As  a  business  man  and 
citizen  he  is  held  in  high  esteem  by  all  who 
know  him. 

— ^-e^--^ — '  . 

fAMES  FLETCHER,  a  prominent  and  early 
resident  of  McMiniiville,  is  of  English  an- 
cestry, who  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia, 
where  many  generations  of  them  wore  born  and 
reared.  His  grandfather,  after  whom  he  was 
named,  fought  on  the  side  of  the  colonies  in 
the  Revolution.  His  father,  Barton  Fletcher, 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  married  to  Eliz- 
abeth Logfedon.  a  native  of  the  same  State. 
Her  [iiople  were  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  contem- 
porary with  Daniel  Hoone.  Her  family  located 
at  Hliielicks,  and  her  father,  William  Logsdon, 
fought  in  the  war  of  1812.  Barton  Fletcher 
and  wife  had  eleven  children,  all  but  one  now 
living,  and  he  lived  to  be  fifty  years  of  age,  the 
youngest  of  the  family  being  now  forty-five 
years  old.  In  18I30  he  removed  wjth  his  family  to 
Missouri,  then  a  new  and  little  inhabited  country. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  at  this  time 
five  years  of  ag?,  and  there  was  not  a  school 


nisroHY  oy  dhkoun. 


10811 


nit  hill  ten  milcn  of  wlicrc  liin  |)iirt'iit>  located, 
<'oiis(M|m'iitly,  wliuii  ho  Hrrivi'il  iit  iimtnrity,  ho 
liiul  not  vet  Icnriii'il  to  rciul. 

In  IHW  he  inarricil  Miss  Mary  l!ell,  an  en- 
tiiiiiil)le  liidy,  niid  also  a  native  of  Kentucky. 
She  tanj^ht  liiin  his  al|)haliet,  and  lie  then  learned 
to  read.  In  \H!il,  ho  piirchuKed  a  ready  reck- 
imer,  from  which  he  learned  the  tallies  and  the 
tifjures.  tliUH  lietoiniiig  ai)ie  to  transact  hnfineHS. 
iieing  niitnrally  intelligent  and  craviiifr  knowl- 
edge and  int'orniation,  hin  mind  responded  to  per- 
Hovering  ciTorts,  as  rich  land  to  tlie  care  ot  the 
huahandnian.  Appreciating  hi.^  natural  aliility 
and  good  jndgniont,  which  were  guided  hy  the 
highcBt  and  hest  motives,  his  fellow-men  elected 
him  .Justice  of  the  Peace,  in  Missouri,  which 
otlice  he  conducttHl  in  a  perfectly  satist'actory 
manner,  impartially  and  with  justice. 

JIo  and  his  wife  had  ten  children,  all  of  whom 
attained  maturity,  eight  still  surviving. 

When  ho  and  his  faithful  wife  commenced 
life,  they  were  poor,  hut  hy  industry  and  econ- 
omy gradually  accumulated  a  competence.  !,ike 
many  others  he  lost  his  property  in  the  civil 
war.  Missouri  furnished  soldiers  to  both  sides 
of  this  conflict, and  notwithstanding  Mr.  Fletidier 
waa  a  Democrat,  he  refrained  from  taking  any 
part  in  the  struggle. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  found  himself 
nearly  puimiless,  and  in  18ti5  came  to  Oregon 
in  hopes  of  imj)roving  his  condition  in  this  con- 
genial climat(*  and  on  this  rich  soil.  Nor  was 
he  mistaken  in  his  judgment,  as  facts  liavo since 
amidy  proved. 

lie  located  in  Yam  IJill  county,  and  went  in 
delit  for  his  land.  He  worked  industriously, 
cultivating  it,  and  every  winter  in  grubbing  it, 
through  the  heavy  rains  of  that  season,  until  he 
had  vastly  improved  the  property,  and  it  had 
become  much  enhanced  in  value.  It  had  cost 
him  i^lM)  an  acre,  he  has  since  sold  a  part  of 
it,  143  acres,  for  $oi)  an  acre,  and  still  has  100 
acres. 

In  the  {"all  of  1889  he  came  to  McMlnnville, 
where  he  purchased  city  ami  suburban  property, 
and  engaged  in  the  real-estate  business,  in  which 
he  has  been  very  successful.  When  quite  young, 
he  had  engaged  in  the  business  of  selling  prop- 
erty at  auction,  and  has  made  the  auction  busi- 
ness a  specialty  all  his  life.  In  this  he  is  very 
successful,  being  considered  one  of  the  best  in 
this  part  of  the  co\iutry.  !Ie  and  his  son  are 
botli  engaged  in  the  busiiu's.-,  and  their  services 
are  in  demand  for  many  miles  around. 


His  faithful  wife,  the  |iartiicr  of  his  joys  and 
cares  for  twenty-nine  year?-,  dieil  in  IXIT).  She 
wu.  awoiminof  rare  intelligence  and  activity, 
and  possessed  many  charms  of  character  and  per 
eon.  Her  extremi<  amiability  endeared  her  to 
all  who  knew  her,  while  her  more  ,-l('rlingi|Uali- 
ties  Contributed  to  retain  the  risjicctful  cstecun 
of  all.  Her  loss  was  sincerely  lameiiteil  liy  her 
family  and  a  large  numbeiof  fricn<ls. 

The  children  were  as  follnw.-;  I'^li/alieth.  now 
the  wife  of  Mr.  Wesley  Simler,  resides  in  Mc- 
Minnville;  Mary  Ann,  married  Mr.  .John  U. 
Longacre,  and  five  years  after  her  marriage, 
died;  Charlotte  died  in  Missouri,  aged  tifteeii; 
Sarah  is  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  Andrew  .1.  .Smith, 
and  resides  in  Washington;  Lcviiia  is  the  wife 
of  Mr.  ticorire  I'axter,  aud  resides  in  MciMinu- 
ville;  iMnnui  ('.  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  liiley  Smith, 
and  resides  three  miles  from  McMinnville; 
Kosie  is  at  home;  W.  II.,  John  M.  and  .lames, 
all  reside  in  the  vicinity.  In  1875  Mr.  Fletcher 
married  Mrs.  (!atliarine  Cook,  widow  of  Mr. 
David  Cook.  She  had  two  children,  wliich  they 
have  reared.  Mr.  Fletcher  is  a  dyed-in-the- 
wool  Democrat,  indorsini,'  moat  em|ihatically, 
as  he  has  idways  done,  the  princiiile.-.  of  that 
jiarty,  which  jirinciples  cominend  them.'-ehes  to 
liih  best  judgment. 

Given  ability  and  force  of  character,  it  is  not 
difKcidt  to  prophesy  the  result  when  the  combi- 
nation is  governed  by  good  judgnuMit  and  crir- 
rect  princi])le8.  Such  may  serve  as  a  description 
of  Mr.  Flet(dier,  who,  umiided  and  untrained, 
has  ifrown  in  all  in'eiitness  of  charactiM-  mikI 
strength  if  mind,  besides  accumulating  ail 
abundance  of  this  world's  yoods. 


♦!♦•#-« 


^KORGK  GITIIKNS.  a  representative  |)io. 
neer  farmer  of  Clackamas  county,  came  to 
<jjn  <  )regon  in  1852. 

He  was  born  iii  Indiana,  March  15,  1S28,  a 
descendant  of  Fnglish  and  Welsh  ancestors. 
Ilisgrandfather,  George  <;itlieii>.  who  was  born  in 
Kiiglaiid,eniigrateil  to  the  State  of  New  Jersey, 
and  there  mai'ried  a  C^iiaUer  la<ly.  Their  son, 
Samuel  A.  (iithens,  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
and  he  married  Miss  .(ane  Dwarf,  a  native  of 
Philadelphia.  They  had  twelve  children,  of 
whom  tive  are  -till  living,  George  iieing  the 
iiftli  born. 

The  suiiject  of  our  sketch  was  rearid  to  niiiii- 
hood  on  ills  father's  farm    in  Rush  county.  In- 


loao 


II18T0BT    OF    ORKGON. 


'4l 


(liana,  :iiiil  waH  married  Aufjiist  -4.  1848.  to  Miss 
Jane  Sroiit.  Willi  his  wife  and  two  sons,  Will- 
iam and  liandoljjli.  now  t'arnuirs  of  Linn  county, 
Orcj^iMi,  ho  I'roised  tlm  jilains  to  tliiu  State,  in 
1852,  making  the  journey  in  the  UHtial  way 
with  oxen.  Tliey  started  from  their  home  in 
Indiana  Fehrnary  9.  came  as  far  as  St.  Joseph, 
Misiionrl,  l)y  steam,  and  there  purchased  an  outfit 
and  stiirti'<l  with  a  company  of  100  mtii,  women 
and  children.  While  they  were  en  route  that 
dnvid  disease,  cholera,  attacked  them,  and  six  of 
their  company  die<l.  They  also,  in  xarious 
ways,  lost  some  of  tiieir  stock.  Mr.  (-rithena 
arriveil  in  ( )regon  (Jctoi)er  (],  1852.  and  on  the 
8tli  of  the  foUowinir  I'ehruary  his  wife  died. 
Afterward,  leaving  his  children  with  a  Mr. 
Wade,  he  went  to  the  sound,  and  was  eiignired  in 
cutting  saw-l(i<^s.  In  theearly  part  of  1854  he 
spent  three  months  in  the  f^old  mines  of  Cali- 
fornia, hut  his  "hick"  was  not  good,  and  he  re- 
turned to  OrefToii.  In  1S55  he  married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Ilowlett.  They  had  eif»ht  chiidron, 
live  of  whom  died,  the  others  heini;  as  follows: 
Henry  A.,  a  farmer  of  Clackamas  county;  .lohn. 
a  resident  of  Hiiililand:  and  Iraetta,  now  Mrs. 
E.  Graves,  of  Maxliurg.  Mr.  Kithens"  marringr 
to  his  present  wwV  occurred  Dccemher  12.  1882. 
Mrs.  (iitchens  wa^  horn  in  l''ond  du  Luc.  Wis- 
consin. December  22,  1^52,  daujrhter  of  Miles 
Oriley,  and  was  first  married  to  JacohS.  Landis. 
who  died,  lea\iug  her  with  on*,  daughter.  Ada, 
now  the  wife  .^f  EiUvard  Burnett. 

Mr.  Cithiiis  haii  worked  hard  and  prospereil. 
He  now  has  one  o'  the  iiuest  farms  in  his  part 
of  the  ciunty.  It  is  well  improved  with  good 
linildiui^s  and  orchard,  and  from  his  |)leasant 
home  a  magnificent  view  (>*'  grand  <dd  Mount 
Hood  is  obtained.  In  addition  to  his  farming 
operations,  lie  liiis  for  the  past  nine  years  been 
engaged  in  sawmillinir.  He  is  a  self-ntado 
man,  and  is  justly  deserving  of  the  snccesB  he 
has  attainoii  in  his  adopted  State.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Ohristiun  ('huroli,  dud  in  poli- 
ties is  a  Demo(Tat. 


'li~*       VW%        '^ 


I^EVI  ESTES.— For  upward  of  fortv  years 
Ttrfi  I'Cvi  Estes  has  Ijeon  engaged  in  milling 
^5?r  and  lumbering  interests  in  the  city  of 
Portland,  and  to-day  is  the  pioneer,  by  right  of 
])rinritv.  in  ttie  business,  lie  was  liorn  in  (Jor- 
nisb,  Maine,  July  21),  182i).  His  tAther,  Jona- 
than Kates,  was   born  on    the  same  Uomestead. 


where  his  grandfather  had  settled  in  the  early 
history  of  the  State.  Jonathan  married 
Eunice  Parker,  of  that  State  and  towiisliip,  and 
they  followed  an  agricultural  life.  To  them 
were  born  twelve  cliildren,  seven  aons  and  five 
daughters. 

Onr  subject  passed  his  boyhood  at  home,  at- 
tending to  the  farm  duties  and  improving  his 
educational  opportunities,  as  offered  him  at  that 
early  day.  In  1846  lie  struck  out  in  life,  went 
to  Ijoston,  and  was  employed  there  as  a  driver 
of  a  truck  until  1849,  when  he  started  for  Min- 
nesota, going  by  rail  to  Buffalo,  thence  by 
steamer  to  Chicago,  by  stage  to  (Talena,  and 
then  up  the  Mississippi  river  to  Minneapolis, 
where  he  lambed  and  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business.  Early  in  1850  he  deoidetl  to  push 
farther  west.  He  therefore  started  for  (Jali- 
fornia,  via  steamer  and  the  Isthmus,  landing  in 
San  Francisco  laniiary  1'7.  1851.  As  was  the 
cuBtoni  of  all  emigrants  of  that  jieriod,  he  went 
to  the  mines  near  Sonora,  and  followed  mining 
about  one  year,  but  striking  no  rich  pockets, 
the  expenses  conBiiniing  the  receipts,  while  yet 
even  he  decided  to  withdraw.  He  then  re- 
tarnc<l  to  San  Francisco,  anil  came  to  Portland, 
via  steamer,  arrivinij  June  7,  1852.  He  then 
fotind  employment  in  a  lumber-yard  at  the  foot 
of  Madison  street,  where  he  was  engaged  for 
two  years,  then  buying  the  site  he  erected 
thereon  a  saw  and  planing  mill,  which  he  oper- 
ated very  successfully,  until  the  fire  of  1878, 
wiien  his  plant  and  stock  were  consumed  to  a 
financial  loss  of  $120,000.  In  1871  he  began 
ii  large  mill  at  the  foot  of  V  street,  which  he 
completed  in  1873,  and  after  ojjerating  it  for 
two  years,  he  sold  it  to  iSen  IloUaday  for  865,- 
000.  Since  1875  he  has  occupied  many  mills 
in  various  localities,  buying  iniildings,  trading 
and  manufacturing,  but  always  continuing  in 
the  lumber  business,  in  connection  with  what- 
ever other  scheme  he  might  happen  to  have  on 
hand. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1802,  to  Miss 
Jennie  Munsell,  daughter  of  Samuel  Munseil. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Estee  have  had  five  children, 
namely;  Amy,  wife  of  .Vrthur  Von  llhein; 
Mary.  Edward  L.,  Harry  and  a  child  who  died. 
Another  member  of  the  family,  who  plays  quite 
an  important  part  in  the  hearts  of  his  relatives, 
is  the  little  grandson,  Charlea  Von  llhein. 

The  same  year  as  his  marriage  Mr.  Estes 
built  his  n'sidence,  cdrner  of  Fil'tl)  aiul  Salmon 
streets,    which  ho    has    continuously    occupied 


Ih. 


if  '^'1 


't     I  i^i! 


*ilj 


f::'^inj  i 


^^yU.:^//^ 


B       H 


nisTonr  of  onKooy. 


10:17 


ever  since.  He  has  been  an  fxteiisivo  dealer  in 
improved  ])roperty,  i)uyiiig  bare  land  and  build- 
ing residences  for  sale  or  rent.  lie  brought  to 
the  Pacifie  coast  the  enei-j^y  and  thrift  of  New 
England,  and  by  honest,  persistent  ett'ort  he  has 
rea|)ed  a  merited  iinancial  reward,  and  is  hiijbly 
respected  throufrhont  the  community  with 
which  he  has  been  connected  for  bo  inniiy  years. 


^APTAIN  JOSKIMl  KKLL()(;«,  a  veiier- 
abl<;  citizen,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  well 
Isiiown  as  a  steamboat  and  transpoitatioii 
man,  is  ranked  with  the  early  settlers  of  this 
State,  ho  having  made  his  appearance  here  as 
early  as  1848.  The  following  facts  in  regard 
to  his  life  and  ancestry  ha\e  been  gleaned,  and 
it  is  with  pleasure  we  ])ivseiit  them  on  the  iiaires 
of  this  volume. 

The  lirst  of  the  Kelloggs  arrived  in  America 
in  lO-lO,  (Captain  Ivellogg's  grandfather.  Joseph 
Kellogg,  was  iiorn  in  Vermont,  and  at  St.  Al- 
bans, that  State,  Septomber  4,  17'.l2,  Orrin  Kel- 
logg, the  Captain's  liither,  was  born.  The  lat- 
ter was  married,  Noveinber  19.  1811,  to  Miss 
Margaret  ]\Iiller,  a  native  of  Canada,  and  a 
descendant  of  English  ancestors,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  the  ship,  Vulcan,  in  1030.  Some 
of  her  forefathers  j)articipated  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kellogg  were  de- 
tained in  Canada  during  the  war  of  1812,  and 
there,  June  24,  1812,  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  born,  liy  an  act  of  Congress,  he,  with 
other  children  similarly  circumstanced,  were 
declared  citizens  of  the  United  States.  After 
the  war  they  moved  back  across  the  liorder  and 
settled  near  where  I.ockport,  New  Vork,  now 
stands,  i)iit  soon  moved  to  Ohio  and  established 
their  home  iieai'  the  Ma'imco  river,  wiiere  they 
reared  their  children.  Of  their  family  of  twelve, 
only  four  are  now  li\ing:  all  in  Oregon. 

Ill  1847  the  Kellogg  family  crossed  the  plains 
to  Oregon.  Included  in  the  family  at  that  time 
were  two  marrie(l  sisters  and  their  husbands, 
Uaniel  and  Sylvester  Hathaway,  besides  our 
subject  and  his  wife  and  two  sons,  Orrin  and 
Charles  II.,  he  having  married,  Se|)tember  2B, 
1818,  Miss  lOstella  Ijushnell,  who  was  born  at 
Litchfield,  New  York,  February  22,  1818. 
They  left  Wood  county,  Ohio,  .November  24, 
1847,  witli  horse  teams.  At  Cincinnati  they 
shipped  by  steainer  to  St.  Louis,  and  from  there 
drove  to  St.  .loseph,  whoio  they   wintered.      In 


May  a  company  of  thirty  wagons  jtarted  on  the 
li>ng  and  peril')ns  journey  across  the  ])lains. 
TIk^V  had  covered  wagons  ami  were  provided 
with  tin  stoves  and  all  the  arms  and  provisions 
I  needed  for  such  a  jourm^y.  The  Indians  were 
very  troublesome  that  year.  The  emigrants 
had  exchanged  their  horses  for  oxen,  which  they 
brought  safely  through,  excepting  one  ox,  whicii 
escaped  from  them  in  the  Cascade  mountains. 
They  had  in  I  heir  team  a  yoke  of  cows  which 
did  good  service,  providing  them,  in  addition, 
with  milk.  .\fter  our  emigrant  friends  left 
civilization,  they  found  the  journey  they  had 
undertaken  a  most  hazardous  one,  as  they  were 
ill  constant  danger,  both  night  and  day,  of  sur- 
prise and  ca|)turt!  by  the  Indians,  and  the  fact 
that  their  wives  and  children  were  in  such  im- 
minent danger  caused  these  brave  men  to  exer- 
cise their  greatest  couiiige  and  foititude.  They 
made  nearly  tweiiry  fixe  miles  a  day,  and  ar- 
rived at  Alilwaiikee,  Oregiiii,  September  S.  184S. 
Cpou  their  arrival  in  Oregdii,  the  heads  id' 
the  several  families  took  im  donation  claims  ot 
G4()  acres  ea(di,  all  adjuiiiing,  on  which  they 
enacted  cabins,  and  began  pioneer  life  in  the 
wilds  of  what  is  now  the  beautiful  State  of  Ore- 
gon, with  a  population  to-day  of  325,(100.  Thc» 
subject  of  our  sketch  being  a  inillwright  by 
trade,  erected  the  first  iiu'reliaiit  lloiiriiig  mill 
ever  built  in  the  State.  lie  also  biiilt  sever.-il 
of  the  fnvt  sawmills  of  that  time,  thus  being  one 
of  the  most  valuable  pioneer>  in  the  founding 
and  developing  of  the  State.  His  land-  joined 
that  of  Lot  Whiteoin.  at  Milwaukee,  with  whom 
and  William  Tori-onee,  he  laiil  out  the  town  site 
of  what  they  lit)|icd  would  be  the  inetropoli.s  of 
the  State.  Ths  Ciiptain  built  a  sawmill  there 
and  also  a  schooner.  The  latter  the  linn  loaded 
with  provisions  from  the  adjoining  farms,  took 
it  to  California,  and  there  sold  bolli  vesstd  and 
cargo,  and  with  the  proceeils  they  bought  the 
brig,  Forest,  which  they  used  in  the  lumber 
trade  between  Oregon  and  (California.  Lumber 
in  Sacramento  was  at  that  time  worth  i^'lW  a 
l.OOO  feet.  The  firm  soon  made  money  enoiigii 
to  purchase  tlieiiark,  Louisiana,  which  was  fitted 
with  eiigine>  and  boilei>  and  tli(!  (Muniilete  out- 
fit of  a  steamer.  In  the  ^pring  of  I'^oO  th(!y 
began  to  eonstriiet  the  steainer  Lot  VVhitcom. 
whicli  was  the  first  large  steam  craft  ever  built 
in  Oregon.  They  launclieil  this  boat  on  Christ- 
mas day  of  that  year.  Captain  Kellogg  lieing 
one  of  the  owners  of  the  boat,  as  widl  as  of  tli(> 
site  of  the  new  city   of  Milwaukee.     They  ran 


/<\ 


103S 


niSTORr    OF    OREOON. 


'  1    !, 


\\  n 


^      !  Ur 


tlic  boat  l)et\veeii  Milwiinkec  atid  Astona  I'ur 
i-evcral  ycfirs,  after  wliieli  fliey  sold  it  in  iSaii 
Fraticinco.  Later  ('n|itaiii  l\cllof;g  witlnlrew 
i'roin  the  tiiin,  forming  a  partnership  witli  I'rad- 
hnry  and  Kildy,  toj^ctlier  urcc.liiig  tiio  Standard 
Flour  Milln,  wliieli  for  years  wero  the  inost  cx- 
k'nsive  in  tlie  State. 

In  lS(iiJ  the  Rteanicr,  Senator,  was  liiiilt  liy 
("aptain  Ivfllogg,  and  was  afterward  sold  by 
liiin-toliie  lVople'8  Transportation  Goin|)aiiy, 
ivitli  which  company  lio  became  connected  in 
18f>4.  He  superintended  the  building  of  the 
basin  above  tlie  falls,  in  18G7.  wiiicli  proveil  of 
great  value  in  facilitating  the  navigation  of  tlie 
river.  He  was  also  connected  with  Captain 
Pease  in  the  first  navigation  of  the  Tiialitin 
river  with  tlie  little  steamer,  Onward,  and  they 
also  constructed  the  canal  between  that  river  and 
Slicker  Lake,  making  it  possible  to  bring  freight 
to  Oswego  and  thence  to  the  Willamette  river. 
Captain  Kellogg  also  hiid  out  the  town  of  Os- 
wego. In  18T0  the  People's  Transportation 
Company  sold  out  to  Hen  Holladay,  and  soon 
afterward  the  Willamette  Transjiortatioti  Com- 
pany was  forinod,  of  which  Captain  Kellogg  be- 
came vice-president  and  director.  His  coiii- 
iiany  built  the  steamers.  Governor  Grover  and 
leaver,  the  construction  of  which  was  superin- 
tended by  tlie  nuViject  of  our  sketcli.  It  was 
soon  after  this  that  he  sold  out  liis  interest  in 
the  Willamette  Transportation  Company  and 
the  boats,  and  formed  a  new  transportation  com- 
pany with  his  lirother,  Jason,  anil  his  two  sons. 
He  then  built  the  lieautiful  steamers,  Joseph 
Kellogg  and  Toledo,  and  placed  his  lioats  on 
the  Coluniliia,  on  the  line  to  Washoiigal  and 
the  ("owlitz  river.  His  two  sons,  Captains  Or- 
rin  and  Charles  II.,  were  jiut  in  command  of 
these  boats,  and  they  navigated  the  Cowlitz 
river  far  up  into  the  heart  of  Washington,  it 
becoming  one  of  the  most  jiopular  and  paying 
lines  oil  the  Columbia  river.  This  firm  is  in- 
cor|)(irBted  as  the  .fosi-ph  Kellogg  Transporta- 
tion Company,  the  nu'inbers  being  himself  and 
his  son,  Orrin. 

Of  the  Captain's  children,  we  record  that  he 
had  one  other  child,  Harvey,  who  dieil  in  in- 
fancy. Charles  IL,  when  ([iiite  young  became 
a  ca|)taiii  and  pilot,  and  as  such  was  both  capa- 
Ide  anil  popular.  Near  the  close  of  his  life  he 
was  associated  with  his  father  and  brother  in 
the  company  above  referred  to,  and  was  coiii- 
inander  of  the  rloseph   Kellogg  at  the  time'of 


his  death,  which  occurred  .\ugu8t  7,  1889. 
The  other  son,  Orrin,  is  one  of  the  most  capalilc 
pilots  and  captains  on  the  Oregon  rivers,  not 
even  excepting  his  father,  who  has  had  no 
superior.  Captain  Orrin  Kellogg  has  been  a 
|)roininent  factor  in  the  iin[)roveinent  of  the 
('owlitz  river.  His  company  has  done  much  by 
facilitating  navigation  of  the  rivers,  toward  in- 
ducing the  settletnent  of  that  ])art  of  the 
country,  and  the  iiuilding  of  several  towns  in 
that  section.  Cajitaiii  Orrin  Kellogg  is  married 
and  has  three  children.  Ho  owns  a  beautiful 
home,  situated  by  the  side  of  his  father's,  at 
.No.  -I()8  Second  street,  his  father's  being  "20(1. 

The  senior  captain  has  had  a  long  and  suc- 
cessful career  here.  He  began  to  run  boats  on 
the  river  long  before  there  was  a  pilot  commis- 
sioned, being  one  of  the  first  to  receive  a  pilot's 
license,  now  holding  the  unique  position  of  the 
oldest  river  pilot  here.  The  wife  of  his  youth, 
who  crossed  the  plains  with  him  in  1848,  and 
who  has  shared  his  joys  and  sorrows  for  the  past 
forty-eight  years,  is  still  spared  to  cheer  his  de- 
clining years. 

Captain  Kellogg  is  a  respected  member  of 
the  Pioneer  Society  of  the  State,  and  also  of 
the  Veteran  Society.  As  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity  ho  has  gained  distinction  in 
the  West.  And  in  this  connection,  we  clip  from 
a  leading  newspaper  the  following  fraternal  tri- 
bute, penned  by  Edwin  A..  Sherman,  at  Oakland, 
California,  July  1; 

'•  I  learn  with  pleasure  that  Hon.  Joseph  Kel- 
logg has  been  appointed  Vice-President  for  Ore- 
gon, of  that  eminent  body  of  distinguished 
Masons,  the  Masonic  Veteran  Association,  to 
succeed  the  late  and  lamented  Christopher  Tay- 
lor, who  had  continually  held  that  office  for 
nearly  twelve  years,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
and  who  was  the  first  to  receive  the  degrees  of 
Masonry  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  in  Multno- 
mah Lodge,  No.  1,  at  Oregon  City,  formerly  Xo. 
8f,  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  Missouri.  Hon.  Joseph  Kellogg,  with  his 
father,  the  late  Orrin  Kellogg,  received  the 
charter  of  that  lodge  from  I'ierre  H.  Cornwall, 
at  Fort  Hall,  while  crossing  the  plains  in  the 
summer  of  1848,  and  safely  delivered  it  to  the 
Worshipful  Master,  Joseph  Hull,  September  11, 
of  that  year,  at  Oregon  City,  who,  with  the  as- 
sistance of  the  Kelloggs,  father  and  son,  and 
others,  opened  the  lodge  on  that  day  in  due 
form,  being  the  first  lodge  establishbd  west  of 


IlISTOIli'    OF    ORKaOS. 


10R9 


the  Missouri  river  and  tlio  Kocky  inomitains. 
Cliristoplior  Taylor  was  tiie  Hrst  to  receive  tile 
(legrees  iiiuler  its  cliarter. 

••It  was  a  titling  close  of  a  well-spent  life,  full 
of  civic  and  Masonic  honors,  that  Brother  Tay- 
lor should,  on  St.  John  the  Ikptist's  day,  as  the 
sun  was  sinkinij  beneath  the  wrinkled  hosoni  of 
the  broad  I'acitic.  enter  into  his  eternal  rest. 
And  it  was  a  remarkable  coineideiiee  that  it 
should  also  be  the  birthday  of  J3rother  .loseph 
Kellogg,  who  attained  to  the  age  of  four  score 
years  on  June  24,  18it2,  and  whose  appointment 
as  I  ho  successor  of  Brother  Taylor  is  directed  to 
be:ir  date  to  comuieniorate  both  tiiesc  events. 
Wo  ail  congratulate  Brother  Kellogg  on  his  ap- 
pointment as  a  just  recognition  of  his  eminent 
service  rendered  to  Freeniasonry  forty-four  years 
ago,  and  which  iiuve  been  continued  from  that 
tiTue  to  the  present.  Long  may  he  live  to  wear 
and  enjoy  las  honors.'' 


tRiS  B.  ESTES,  M.  D.,  practitioner  in  the 
jntl  city  of  Asto  ia,  was  l)orn  in  Savannah, 
Missouri,  April  28,  1854.  His  parents, 
Woo'lson  S.  and  Klizal)eth  E.  (Wilson)  Estes, 
were  uatives  of  Missouri  and  Kentucky,  re- 
spectively. Joel  S.  Estes,  the  grandfather  of 
our  subject  emigrated  from  Kentucky  to  Mis- 
souri, iu  182'.l,  and  was  one  of  the  first  Baptist 
ministers  in  the  newly  settled  district  of  the 
Platte  purchase.  Woodson  S.  Estes  engaged  iu 
mercantile  life  in  St.  Josvjpli,  Missouri,  in 
184y,  and  latei'  located  in  southwest  Iowa  and 
built  the  first  tinsliop,  and  cut  the  first  sheet  of 
tin  in  that  part  of  the  State,  Snbse(|ucutly  re- 
turning to  Missouri,  he  settled  at  Camden 
Point,  and  as  Postmaster  and  mer»'hant  he  con- 
tinned  in  trade  until  the  firing  upon  Foit 
Spuiter,  when  liis  fan'.iiy  escaptnl  to  Illinois, 
and  he  joined  the  Eighteenth  Missouri  Infantry 
and  was  appointed  Lieutenant.  He  followed 
active  service  unti  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  where 
he  was  woundod,  and  was  snbsecjuently  mus- 
tered out  with  the  rank  of  Major.  Entering 
the  recruiting  service,  he  was  sent  to  Chi- 
cago, and  there  I'emained  until  the  dose  of  the 
Mar,  when  ho  joined  his  family  at  Mount 
Pleasant.  Iowa,  and  tlipn  engaged  in  bnsi'iess 
until  1H69,  when  he  removed  to  southwestern 
Iowa,  where  he  still   resides. 


OiiT  subject  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  district  and  at  Prof.  Samuel 
Howe's  (College,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  lie  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  at  Corning,  Iowa, 
and  graduateil  from  tluf  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  now  the  Ainsworth  Aledical  Col- 
lege, at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  in  1882.  He  be- 
gan to  practice  in  St.  Joe,  and  in  1883  went  to 
Silver  lleef,  Utah.  From  there  lu^  journeyed 
to  Ketchum,  Idaho,  ami  while  in  that  town  was 
honored  with  the  oth\e  of  County  Coroner  of 
Alturas  county,  wh'ch  posirion  he  tilled  with 
great  credit.  Here  ho  remained  until  Novem- 
ber, 188."),  when  ho  came  to  Astoria,  and  en- 
tered at  once  into  the  field  of  healing  the  sick. 
In  February,  1887,  he  was  appointed,  by  (iov- 
ernor  Penuoyer,  Health  OtKcerof  the  Port  of 
Astoria,  and  served  in  that  eapacity  four  years, 
at  the  same  time  following  a  general  practice 
in  medicine  and  surgery,  in  which  he  has  built 
uj)  a  very  successful  business. 

Dr.  Estes  was  married  in  St.  Joseph,  Mis- 
souri, Docemlier  19,  1879,  to  Miss  Allie  Hut- 
ton,  native  of  Iowa,  and  to  this  union  have  been 
horn  four  children,  namely:  Pearle,  Lula, 
Frankie,  and  Hazel. 

I)i'.  Estes  fraternizes  with  the  I.  ().  O.  F., 
K.  of  P..  li.  1'.  O.  E.,  and  A.  ().  U.  W.,  ami  in 
his  i)roi'essinii  enjoys  the  contidence  and  re- 
spect of  the  citizens  of  Astoria. 

A  M  II  E  L  E  L  M  ()  R  E,  proprietor  of  the 
I'nion  Cannery,  of  Astoria,  was  born  in 
Lloyd,  Ulster  count\,  Xew  ^'ork,  in  ISI7. 
His  iiarents,  R.  P.  and  Magdaline  (Eltini,'e)  El- 
.iiore,  were  natives  of  Connecticut  and  New 
York,  respectively,  but  subse(]Uently  settled  at 
Lloyd  on  the  IIuilsou  river,  and  tlu're  Mr.  El- 
more conducted  a  general  merchandise  store  up 
to  18"i7,  when  he  removed  ids  family  to  Milwau- 
kee, Wisconsin,  and  there  established  a  coai- 
yard,  shipping  tlio  first  barge  load  of  coal  into 
that  harbor.  He  has  continued  the  bneiiiess,  and 
though  now  seventy-nine  years  of  age,  is  stiU 
actively  engaged.  He  has  nexer  entered  t!ie 
political  arena,  but  in  philanthropic  interests 
he  has  been  .i  munificent  giver,  and  is  a  trustee 
of  the  Lawrence  University  at  Appleton,  to 
which  he  has  rendered  substantial  snjjport. 

Samui^l  Klmore  was  educated  in  the  schools  of 
Milwaukee,  comjileting  his  stiidiys  i^t   the   Law- 


€ 


ii 


1010 


HISTORY    OF    OHKGON. 


I  i^■ 


reiK't'  University  and  (icncsec  (lollei^e  ut  liiiim, 
Now  Yoi'li.  I)iirii)ir  the  tirst  years  of  the  civil 
war  he  was  active  in  the  ri'crutinjj;  Rervicc,  and 
in  18t)4,  thoiii^ii  still  iin<ier  a<i;e.  he  enlisted  and 
was  mnstei'ed  in  at  Milwaukee,  and  was  cotn- 
niissioiu'd  as  First-Lieutenant  of  (Company  F, 
Fifty-first  Wisconsin  Infantry,  and  was  assigned 
to  tiu'  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  later  to  the 
r)('|iartniont  of  ^[issouri.  The  regiment  vas 
very  active  in  service  and  continued  until  Oc- 
tober, 181)5.  and  was  then  mustered  out.  He- 
turning  to  his  home,  he  engaged  in  business 
with  his  father  up  to  IStjfi,  and  then  went 
to  New  York  and  embarked  for  California,  via 
the  J'anama  route,  landing  at  San  Francisco, 
Juno  12,  18(5(i.  haudini^  with  but  slender  means 
and  no  friends,  immediate  enij)loyinent  was 
necessary,  and  proceeding  by  the  night  boat' to 
Sacramento,  he  secured  employment  as  brake- 
man  upon  the  Central  Pacific  railroad.  This 
he  followed  for  several  months,  then  desiring  a 
higher  occupation,  ho  resigned  and  found  em- 
ployment as  a  bookkeeper  in  a  wholesale  gro- 
cery in  Sacramento,  and  remained  for  two  years, 
and  then  accepted  the  jiosition  of  secretary  of 
the  Oneida  j^old  mine  in  Amador  county,  tilliiig 
the  ottico  until  1809,  when  he  returned  to  Mil- 
waukee, but  after  one  year  again  visited  Cali- 
fornia anil  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Oakland 
Smeltinij  &  Lead  CoiTipany.  The  attention  of 
Mr.  Klmore  was  directed  toward  the  canning  of 
salmon,  through  his  connection  with  the  com- 
mission house  of  Loveridge.  Wadham  &  Com- 
pany, of  San  Francisco,  who  were  extensive 
shippers  of  canned  ffoods  to  Australia,  Sand- 
wicli  islands  and  (iermany. 

In  1878  Mr.  Elmore  engagcil  in  the  com- 
mission business  and  haniiled  tli(>  entire  product 
of  the  cannery  of  U.  D.  Holmes,  besides  hand- 
ling Kastern  products.  In  the  ejiring  of  1881 
he  came  to  Astoria,  built  a  small  caimery,  pur- 
cliasi'd  fifteen  boats,  with  necessary  tackle,  and 
during  the  season  packed  8,000  cases  of  salmon. 
Increasing  bis  busiiiesfi  as  experience  and  cir- 
cumstances permitted,  he  reached  an  output  of 
17,000  cases  in  1885,  and  in  1880  he  built  his 
present  cannery,  where  the  annual  pack  has  been 
increased  to  37.0(10  cases  of  four  dozen  cans  to 
each  ease.  His  boats  and  nets  have  correspond- 
ingly increased,  until  he  employs  about  35(t  men 
in  fishing  and  100  men  in  the  cannery.  lie 
also  has  a  cannery  on  Kuin  island.  Chatham 
straits,  Alaska;  oiu' on  Garibaldi,  on  Tillamook 
bay,  and  one  on  Florence  on  the  Siiislaw  river; 


each  with  an  annual  output  of  20,000  cases.  Mr. 
Elmore  nnikes  a  specialty  of  ])acking  for  the 
United  States  market.  In  188li  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  (ieorge  W.  Sanborn,  and 
formed  the  firm  of  Elmore,  Sanborn  &  C(  m- 
lany,  a  commission  house,  and  engaged  in 
uindling  canned  salmon  and  canners'  supplies. 
Mr.  Elmore  was  married  in  Oakland,  Cali- 
fornia, in  187(),  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Ilurd,  a  native 
of  Michigan.  The  issue  from  this  union  is: 
Susie  II.,  Floretta  A.  and  Magdaline  E.  Mr. 
Elmore  is  the  I'ost  Commander  of  the  Cushing 
I'ost,  No.  14,  G.  A.  U.,  and  ex-Mayor  of  the  city 
of  Astoria.  Executive  in  business  and  genial  in 
his  social  relations,  he  commands  the  respect 
of  all  who  know  him. 


im^^ 


^^^ 


AMUEL  E.  WltENX,  one  of  the  most  en- 
terprising  manufacturers  of  Portland, 
Oregon,  is  a  native  of  JiOudoun  county, 
Virginia,  where  he  was  born  July  l',l,  1855. 

Hi.';  father,  Philip  Wrenn,  was  a  native  of 
Fairfax  county.  Virginia,  whose  ancestors  camo 
from  England  with  Lord  Fairfax,  who  located 
in  the  county  which  was  named  after  him,  and 
Mr.  Wrenn's  people,  were,  therefore,  among  the 
earliest  settlers  of  the  Old  Dominion.  Mr. 
Philip  Wrenn  married  ^liss  Susan  Vermillion, 
a  native  of  Virginia,  who  also  belonged  to  one 
of  the  old  families  of  that  State,  (irandfather 
Charles  Vermillion  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wrenn  had  ten  children, 
all  but  one  now  living,  and  most  of  them  still 
residing  in   Virginia. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  and  ed- 
ucated in  his  native  State.  On  the  death  of  his 
father  ho  managed  the  home  farm  for  a  time, 
after  which  he  was  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness in  Washington,  and  later  was  employed  in 
the  public  workf.  of  that  city.  He  then  traveled 
in  Illinois  and  Missouri,  finallv  cominif  to  Ore- 
gon. 

Arrived  in  the  latter  place,  he  first  engaged 
in  the  butcher  business,  after  which  he  was  in  a 
dry-goods  and  general  nu'rchandise  store  at  Cor- 
vallis,  and  later  was  engaged  at  his  trade  in  East 
Washington.  He  also  sjient  some  time  in  Pidk 
county,  Oregon,  and  in  1883,  came  to  Portland, 
where,  in  1885,  he  stai'ted  the  Multnomah  Hox 
Factory,  in  a  small  way,  from  time  to  time  ad- 
ding to  his  facilities,  until   now   lie  has  one  of 


nfsrnny  of  onmos. 


l04i 


thu  largewt  maiinfactories  in  -  tlie  Nortliwest, 
wliii'li  iniikes  and  sliips  nil  kinds  of  boxes,  send- 
injj  somo  of  their  ooods  as  far  as  CaliFdrnia. 
while  they  supply  various  other  portions  of  the 
Northwest  with  ifoods  in  tlieir  line.  In  18!)() 
the  Muitnoinaii  I'ox  Company  was  incorpnnited 
l)y  Mr.  Wrenn,  Mr.  Charles  Sliire  and  Mr.  I,. 
11.  Hreckle.  Later  Mr.  Sliire  died,  and  Mr. 
Wrenn  bought  Mr.  lireekle's  interest,  thus  be- 
cominiT  the  |)rincipal  owner,  and  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  com  jiany  and  mannirei'  of  the  busi- 
ness, whiel),  in  itself,  is  sufficient  proof  of  his 
superior  ability. 

lie  was  nuirried,  in  ISS").  to  Miss  Katie  Johns, 
an  estimable  lady,  a  native  of  Oregon  and  a 
daughter  of  (leorire  S.  tlohns,  who  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  1S5(I.  They  have  three  children,  all 
born  in  Poi'tland:  Samuel  Ashby,  Monltree 
Franklin  and  Theressa. 

Mr.  Wrenn  is  politically  a  Democrat,  but,  al- 
though interested  in  the  welfare  of  his  State  and 
country,  he  is  too  deeply  engaged  in  jirivate 
matters  to  be  mnch  of  a  politician  in  the  general 
acce])talion  of  the  term. 

He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Woodsmen 
and  of  the  A.  ().  U.  W..  in  the  success  of  both 
of  which  he  takes  a  personal  interest. 

Of  rare  bnsinesa  and  exec\itive  ability,  unim- 
peachable probity,  and  excessive  activity,  he  has 
hewn  a  fortune  and  a  brilliant  career  out  of  the 
rnde  possibilities  of  the  Northwest,  and  is  de- 
serving of  the  universal  esteem  of  bis  fellow- 
men. 

'^■^■^ 

»sEXRV  KVERDlN(r.  shipping  and  com- 
mission  merchant,  Portland,  Oregon,  was 
born  in  the  Kingdom  of  Hanover,  Ger- 
many, in  1833.  His  ancestors  were  residents  of 
that  place  for  many  generations,  and  were  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits.  The  subject  of 
our  sketch  was  educated  in  his  native  land,  and 
was  reared  to  habits  of  thrift  an<i  industry. 
After  the  death  of  his  father,  in  ISoO,  liis  mother 
and  her  four  children,  Henry  being  one  of  the 
number,  emigrated  to  tiie  United  States  and 
settled  near  Cincinnati.  He  was  employed  as 
clerk  in  a  grocery  and  hardware  store  in  that 
city,  and  also  passed  some  time  at  Moro,  near 
Cincinnati,  where  he  learned  the  principles  of 
manufacturing  starch.  Karly  in  lNi55  young 
Everding  struck  out  in  life  on  his  own  responsi- 
bilities, seeking    his    fortune  in  the  far  West. 


Coming  via  the  Isthmus  of  I'Hiiama,  ho  landed 
at  San  Francisco  the  following  May.  Tliere  he 
started  a  small  factory  for  the  manufacture  of 
starch  from  wheat,  which  he  continued  for  four 
years,  and  then  sold  out.  He  next  pureiiased 
3(11)  acres  of  laml  near  Snii  I'ablo  and  engaged 
in  the  stock  bnsiTiess,  being  thus  successfully 
engaged  until  ISflf,  when,  through  the  rapid 
settlement  of  the  country,  fi'ce  grazing  i)ecame 
limited,  he  sold  out  and  removed   to  Portland. 

(Vfter  coming  to  Portland  Mr.  I']verding 
fornieil  a  copartnership  with  Edwin  Heche,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Everding  iV;  lieebe,  o[ietied  a 
store  on  the  corner  of  Front  and  Taylor  streets, 
and  engaged  in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  grain 
and  country  produce,  shipping  to  the  San  Fran- 
cisco market.  This  was  carried  on  quite  exten- 
sively until  the  death  of  Mr.  Heebe,  in  1S8(). 
Sin<'C  that  date  Mr.  Everding  has  operated  the 
business  alone.  With  the  growth  of  the  city, 
the  store  has  l)een  moved  farther  north,  and  he 
iu)\v  occupies  a  sale  aiul  storage  room,  50  >;  KHI 
feet,  at  45  and  47  Front  street,  where  he  has 
been  located  for  thirteen  years.  He  also  handles 
large  (|uantities  of  hay  and  grain  through  out- 
side warehouses.  He  handles  feed,  thnir  and 
staple  groceries,  and  wool  and  hides  on  commis- 
sion. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1870  to  .Miss 
Therese  Harding,  a  native  of  (Jernnmy.  They 
reside  at  301  Eleventh  street,  Mr.  Everding 
having  built  iis  residence  here  in  lS8(i. 

lie  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  P.,  and  also 
of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  lia\  ing  passed  all  the  chairs 
of  the  blue  lodge.  Royal  Arch  and  Knight 
Templar  degrees.  In  jwlitics  he  takes  little 
interest.  l»y  all  who  know  him  he  is  recog- 
nized as  a  nnm  of  the  strictest  integrity,  and  dur- 
ing his  bnsiness  career  has  endeared  iiiniself  to 
a  large  circle  of  acrjHaintances. 


fOIIN  EWllY,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1853, 
was  born  at  La  Fayette,  Indiana,  in  1831.  a 
son  of  John  and  Mary  (Shell)  Ewry.  natives 
of  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  reppeetively.  Mr. 
Ewry  was  one  of  the  early  merchants  of  La 
Fayette,  and  there  passed  a  life  (jf  usefulness; 
he  and  his  wife  are  l)otli  deceased.  'I'bey  had  a 
family  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  arc  now 
living,  John  Ewry  being  the  second  in  order  of 
birth.      He  received  his  early  education  in  the 


1042 


ntSTOHY    OF    OlinOON. 


I 


coimiKiii  hcIiooIh  (if  liib  iiiitivc  town,  and  ill  the 
ii{j;e  ol'  twelve  yeara  went  to  li'ttrn  the  clmir  anil 
ealiiut't  iiiaker'H  trailc,  whiuli  lie  t'oUowed  seven 
years.  Ho  tlien  remdved  to  Delphi,  Indiana, 
where  lie  continned  the  same  business.  There 
he  wan  married  to  Mary  (.'iillar,  and  in  1852  lie 
hliirted  to  the  (iolden  West,  iiis  more  ohjective 
point  being  <  )rci^on.  Arrivino;  at  Council  i>lnlTs, 
he  passed  t.'ie  winter  there,  and  in  the  spring  of 
IHTiA  eontinueil  the  journey;  he  had  hve  yok(( 
of  o.xen,  and  after  a  long  and  weary  march 
reached  Portland,  September  10,  IfS-jS,  witiiout 
unusual  incident.  The  rainy  season  was  on, 
his  supplies  were  exhausted,  and  he  was  obliged 
to  do  any  work  that  offcu-ed.  Jle  began  digging 
potatoes,  taking  potatoes  in  payment  as  tiiere 
was  no  money  in  tlie  country,  lie  gradually 
worked  into  his  trade  tlirough  nniking  the  most 
of  opportunities  tliat  were  ])reseiited,  but  in  185") 
he  joined  Company  A,  under  Captain  Wilson, 
and  passed  tlu^  winter  in  suppressing  the  Indian 
outbreak  in  eastern  Oregon.  lie  was  in  one 
tight  which  lasted  four  days  without  cessatior,,  the 
Indians  using  Hint-lock  guns.  These  weapons 
wei'e  incompetent,  as  the  iSOO  whites  suppressed 
the  1, >")()()  warriors. 

In  the  spi'ing  of  185<i  iVlr.  Kwry  returned  to 
Portland,  and  again  took  u|)  his  ti'iide,  which  he 
followed  until  185S.  lie  then  opened  an  under- 
taking department  in  connection  with  his  trade, 
which  he  ('onducted  for  thirty-two  years,  retiring 
in  December,  18U0.  In  the  early  history  of  the 
country  he  attendeil  the  funerals  throughout 
this  section,  averaging  about  thirty  a  year. 
During  these  years  he  has  had  business  relations 
with  A.  Vj.  Deresfonl,  Horatio  Cook,  and  Delin 
A;  (liarnat,  and  for  years  was  the  leading  under- 
taker of  the  city.  He  has  also  bad  some  lumber 
and  shipping  irterests,  but  these  investments 
have  not  brought  great  success.  After  the 
death  of  his  first  wife  he  was  married  a  second 
time,  in  August,  1857,  to  Miss  Jane  Spencer,  a 
native  of  Iowa,  and  a  danghtei'of  Tiiomas  Spen- 
cer. Ili'r  father  emigrated  to  Oregon  with  his 
wife  and  nine  chihlren  in  the  sjiring  of  1852. 
On  the  way  the  company  were  stricken  with 
cholera,  and  the  father  and  two  children  died  on 
the  plains.  Mrs.  Spencer,  wit'  the  seven  sur- 
viving children,  pushed  on  to  the  journey's  com- 
pletion, and  settled  in  Washington  Territory, 
where  thuy  endured  the  jirivations  of  pioneer 
lite;  the  mother  reared  the  children,  and  having 
tiilHlled  her  mission  jtassed  on  into  another  life, 
in  1887. 


In  188(t  Mr.  Kwry  bought  five  acres  in  the 
woods  and  brush  near  the  present  site  of  Wood- 
stock; this  he  has  recently  cleared,  and  has 
erected  a  handsome  cottage  residence.  He  and 
his  wife  havea  family  of  four  children:  Annie  E., 
(/Iiarles,  George,  and  Frank.,  lie  has  a  fund  of 
incidents  and  anecdotes  relating  to  life  on  the 
frontier.  He  bravely  bore  his  part  in  the  battle 
with  the  conditions  whicli  Nature  had  left  to  bo 
overcome  before  the  march  of  civilization  could 
reach  to  the  seas  and  beyoad,  and  by  a  life  of 
the  strictest  integrity  and  thoi'ongh  business 
methods  he  has  made  a  modest  fortune,  honestly 
earned  and  richly  tlesei  .ed. 


-=**< 


«M^-€*-?^-3-- 


fOLONEL  F.W.  FOLSO.M  was  born  in  Cale- 
donia county,  \'ermont,  in  1828,  a  son  of 
.lames  and  Luey  (Sanborn)  Folsom.  natives 
of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire,  respect- 
ively. T'he  father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation, 
and  carried  on  a  tlonrishitig  dairy  business.  He 
passed  the  most  of  his  life  in  Vermont,  and  be- 
came one  of  the  solid  and  substantial  men  of  the 
State.  Colonel  Folsom  renniined  at  home  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  securing  his  education  at 
the  Caledonia  and  Brownington  Academies.  In 
1840  he  left  home  and  went  to  Lowell,  Massa- 
chusetts, where  ho  embarked  in  the  produce 
commission  business.  Two  years  latei' he  started 
westward,  and  passed  the  winter  in  Van  Huron 
county,  Iowa.  In  the  spring  of  1851  he  went 
to  IMatte  county,  Missouri,  and  took  up  teach- 
ing; he  was  employed  in  the  common  sebools, 
and  also  taught  vocal  nmsic  at  Camden  Point 
College.  He  was  married  March  17,  1853,  to 
Miss  Nancy  Harris,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who 
snrvivi'd  but  two  years,  leaving  one  child,  a 
daughter,  name<l  Uosetta.  who  is  now  deceased. 
Colonel  Folsom  started  to  Calitornia  in  1857, 
nniking  the  journey  with  three  ox  teams,  and 
consnminij;  six  months  of  time.  On  the  Hum- 
boldt river  be  had  a  skirmish  with  the  Snake 
Indians,  and  a  ritli'  ball  passed  through  his  vest; 
but  no  men  were  killed,  and  he  landed  at  Hanij- 
town  with  his  herd  of  sixty  hve  head  of  cattle 
complete,  with  the  exce|)tion  of  one  animal  that 
gave  out  on  the  plains.  .Vfter  selling  his  live- 
stock be  went  on  to  San  Franci.sco,  and  thence 
by  steamer  went  to  Portland,  where  he  arrived 
in  November,  1857.  Soon  after  he  took  a  con- 
tract to  superintend  the  sowing  of  a  large  acre- 


Ill  STORY    OF    OltKUUS. 


1048 


ago  of  grain  for  the  supply  of  the  Government 
troops  at  tlio  forti",  and  in  tiii'  sprinfj;  tollowing 
lie  loi'ated  at  Eugene;  iiurc  lie  tangiit  school  and 
also  carried  on  agricultural  pursuits,  in  18(51 
he  was  offered  a  jxisition  in  the  office  of  the 
Burvevor-general,  which  he  tilled  until  ls(53. 
Ho  then  organized  the  Lancaster  Light  Cavalry, 
of  which  he  was  elected  Captain,  heing  <'omi- 
inissioned  hy  A.  C.  Gibbs,  the  war  Governor  of  I 
Oregon.  In  the  fall  of  \.HfS\  he  organized  the 
Springfield  and  Cottage  (irovc  Cavalry,  iind 
Kugene  Infantry,  forming  the  Third  Regiment, 
Second  Brigade.  In  a  competitive  drill  at  the 
State  Fair  the  Lancaster  (Jompany  was  awarded 
the  first  prize  of  $200.  Captain  Folsom  evinced 
such  skill  in  the  training  or  the  men  that  he  was 
commissioned  Colonel  of  the  Third  llegiiiient. 
In  the  fall  of  186-i  he  was  appointed  Division 
Assessor  of  liiiin.  Lane  and  ik'iiton  counties  for 
the  Internal  Uovenue  Uepartment,  and  subse- 
([uently  all  of  the  southern  portion  of  Oregon 
was  iiiclu<liHl  in  his  district;  he  continued  in 
service  until  1871,  when  he  removed  to  .Junction 
('ity  ])reciiict.  'Hero  he  owned  320  acres  of 
land,  to  which  he  added  another  tract  of  e(|ual 
size,  and  began  the  pursuit  of  agriculture;  about 
300  acres  were  annnally  sown  to  grain,  and  a 
general  farming  business  was  skillfully  con- 
ducted. 

(/aptain  Folsom  was  married  in  Eugene,  in 
1800,  to  Miss  FlKebeGale,  adaughter  of  William 
Gale,  a  pioneer  of  tlie  early  'oOs;  she  dieil  in 
1870,  leaving  two  children,  both  of  wdioin  have 
since  passed  away.  In  1871  the  Colonel  was 
married  to  Miss  Laura  Crow,  adaughter  of.lohn 
Crow.  They  now  reside  at  Junction  (Hty,  at 
the  corner  of  Twelfth  and  Juniper  streets.  I'oliti- 
callv,  Colonel  Folsom  adheres  to  the  princi[ile8 
of  the  Uepublican  party.  In  his  religious  faith 
he  is  a  Unitarian,  and  he  belongs  to  the  Masonic 
order.  He  was  elected  Mayor  of  Junction  City 
in  1880,  and  served  continuously  for  four  years. 
He  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most 
loyal  citizens,  and  has  the  respect  of  all  who 
know  iiim, 

■    i      :.-^|3'»}  .•[!»< — :  .» 

I^HILLIP  FOSTEli  came  to  Oregon  in 
l^  1843,  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  Ore- 
*^  gon's  widely  known  jiioncers.  He  was 
born  in  Augusta,  Maine,  .laiiuary  '2!t,  1805,  and 
when  he  grew  up  was  married  in  Calais,  Maine, 
to  Miss  Mary  Charlotte  I'etlygrove,  a  native  of 


that  place,  and  a  sister  of  ILm.  F.  W.  Petty- 
grove,  one  of  the  noted  pioneers  of  (IrcgoiLanJ 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  city  of  I'orlland. 
Four  children  wore  liorn  to  them  in  Maine,  and 
with  his  wife  and  tiiese  children  he  caine  to  Ore- 
gon, making  tiie  journey  by  the  way  of  Cape 
Horn.  They  had  a  \ery  rough  voyage,  were  for 
twenty-one  tlays  driven  from  their  (roiirse. 
and  lauded  at  the  Samhvich  islands. 

I'pon  their  arrival  in  Oregon  C'ity,  Mr.  l''oster 
engaged  in  the  merchandise  business,  he  having 
jiurchased  goods  in  New  V'ork  city  and  brought 
with  him  to  this  coast.  He  eontimied  in  this 
business  four  years,  when,  in  1S47,  lie  came  to 
what  has  since  been  known  as  the  Foster  dona- 
tion claim,  sixteen  miles  due  east  of  Oregon 
City.  Here  he  took  claim  to  040  acres  of  very 
choice  farming  land,  built  a  log  house,  and  was 
the  pioneer  farmer  of  this  part  of  the  county. 
His  place  was  the  first  settlement  found  by  the 
weary  emigrants  when  they  came  out  of  the 
mountains  into  the  Willamette  valley,  and  for 
many  years  Foster's  farm  was  the  best -known 
place  in  Oregon,  where  the  emigrants  would 
procure  the  first  vegetables  they  had  seen  since 
leaving  their  homes  in  the  East.  Mr.  Foster 
kept  a  store  and  a  meat  market  and  raised  large 
quantities  of  hay,  grain  and  vegetables,  of  which 
the  emigrants  were  so  much  in  need.  It  fre- 
(juently  happened  that  as  many  as  a  100 
emigrant  wagons  sto])peil  here  for  supplies.  In 
the  fall  of  1852  he  killed  fifty-two  beeves  to 
supply  the  emigrants.  It  is  neiMlless  to  say  ho 
was  successful  in  his  business.  He  was  in  poli- 
tics a  Democrat.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in 
all  the  affairs  of  the  Territory,  and  at  one  time 
was  run  by  his  party  for  lie|)resentative.  but  was 
defeated  by  a  few  votes.  He  and  his  wife  were 
members  of  the  Methodist  (]hurch,  ami  were 
peojile  of  high  moral  and  religious  standing. 
She  died  in  1879.  His  death  occurred  on  the 
I7tli  of  March,  18S5. 

During  the  Cavuse  war  the  Foster  family 
were  in  danger  of  being  attacked  by  tiie  Indi- 
ans. With  the  assistance  of  some  of  his  neigh- 
bors, Mr.  Foster  made  a  fort  on  his  farm,  with 
palisades,  so  situated  that  no  Indian  could  ap- 
proach on  any  side  without  bt'ing  exposed  to 
lirt'  from  it.  The  Indians,  however,  never 
troubled  tlu'm. 

The  members  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  l-'oster's  family 
are  as  follows:  (ieorge  G..  a  resident  of  Van- 
couver; L»icy  A.,  wife  of  Josiah  Hiirnett,  died 
in  the  forty-fourth  year  of  her  age,  leaving  three 


tOt4 


tttsTonr  OF  orMooH. 


cliililrei] ;  I'.  W.,  wliu  died  nl  tlie  iigc  of  tifty- 
two  yciirs,  Iciiviiif^  a  laino  family,  renideiitK  of 
('lackaiiias  fSlatioii;  I'liillip  iliod  in  Ills  nine- 
tci'iilli  year;  jMaiy  is  now  Mrs.  Thomas  Voiin^ 
and  ri'siilcs  in  (iillinni  county;  Martha,  wife  of 
II.  W.  I.iaki',  ijii'd  in  \wr  tiiirty-tirst  yi'ai';  Isaac 
is  married  and  lias  two  chijilren,  and  rcsidt's  at 
Eiij^!,  Creek;  Ilerliert  A.".  Tliomas  Iv,  and 
i'<o;|purt  N.  are  farmers  on  tiieir  father's  donation 
claim. 

To  Knherf  \.,  the  yonnirestof  the  I'amily,  we 
arc  indelited  for  the  data  ol  this  sketch.  lie  was 
liorn  at  the  old  homestead,  Dcteemher  1(1,  1>>50. 
At  thed(^ath  of  his  father  he  inlierited  1(1(1  acres 
of  the  donation  claim,  and  upon  it  he  lias  since 
resided.  He  wa-*  married  Novemiier  2!*,  1874, 
to  Miss  .lane  E.  Bradley,  a  native  of  Kansas, 
and  the  dan^hter  of  liiciiard  Bradh^y.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  I'oster  have*  two  children,  Charles  K.  and 
Mary  I'earl.  Mr.  l''obter  takes  u  jnst  pride  in 
the  recoril  his  father  maiht  as  a  pioneer  of  this 
griMit  State;  also  in  the  fact  that  his  own  coinfbrt- 
ahle  home  is  situated  on  a  portion  of  the  land 
which  his  father  secnrecl  from  the  (ioveriiment 
in  1847,  and  on  which  he  himself  was  horn.  He 
ranks  with  the  most  enterprising;  and  hifrhly  re- 
s|)ectcd  farmers  of  this  vicinity.  Politically,  he 
is  a  Democrat. 

[ILLIAM  ('.(JOODUICH.  — Amonfrthe 
brave  Orei^on  pionei'rs  who  faceil  the 
danfr('rs  of  the  lonir  and  perilous  jour- 
ney across  the  |ilains.  to  found  homes  and  a 
State  on  the  wonderful  Pacific  coast,  may  be 
found  the  worthy  pioneer  whose  Tiame  ititro- 
dnces  this  sketch.  This  ii;entlema;)  was  born  in 
liiplev  county,  Indiana,  November  18,  1825. 
His  father,  Carin  (ioodrich,  was  boi'n  in  Pou^h- 
kee()sie,  New  York,  of  Enij;lish  ancestry,  who 
emigrated  to  the  colonies  previously  to  the 
Uevolntion,  settling  in  Massachusetts.  Will- 
iam's grandfather,  .loel  (ioodrich,  and  his  si,\ 
brothers  served  the  country  as  valiant  soldiers 
in  its  struggle  for  indepen<lence  from  Oreat 
liritain.  They  removed  from  Massachusetts  to 
Mew  "i'ork,  in  which  State  Mr.  (Toodrich's 
ijiirents  were  born  and  I'aised.  His  father  first 
imirried  Miss  Uachel  Talbnrt,  and  after  they 
had  one  child  {Mary  Jane)  she  died,  and  for  his 
seconil  wife  he  married  Miss  J'eggy  Steel,  a 
native  of  Virginia,  and   a  daughter  of   .lames 


Steel.  (Mr.  Steel  and  three  of  his  bnithers 
Were  soldiers  in  the  Uevolntion,  in  which  con- 
flict the  three  brothers  wert!  wounded.)  Hy  the 
latter  marriage  there  were  thirfi<t\  children,  of 
whom  si.\  are  now  living. 

Mr.  (Joodrich,  our  subject,  and  the  third  born 
in  the  above  family,  came  with  his  father  to 
Oregon  in  184.").  His  father  took  a  donation 
claim  a  half  mile  southeast  id'  Dayton,  and 
there  he  resided,  leading  a  (|uiet  and  industrious 
life  for  sixteen  years,  bis  death  occurring  in 
18(11.  His  wife  survivi'd  five  years,  dying  in 
180(!.  Mr.  (loodrich  took  up  a  donation  claim 
in  1848,  mo\ed  into  a  little  log  bouse  which  he 
had  built,  and  in  1854  married  Miss  Sarah 
Barnes,  the  daughter  of  John  and  A.  Barnes, 
Oregon  pioneers  of  1843.  They  liave  had  four 
sons,  to  eacdi  of  whom  they  have  given  100 
acres  of  land  oti  their  attaining  their  legal  age, 
and  each  (d' them  now  has  a  nice  home  <d'  his 
own,  ill  sight  of  the  parental  homest<'ad.  They 
are  all  enterprising  fanners,  and  have  already 
made  pnndiases  cd'  adjoining  lands.  Their 
names  are:  John  II.,  Sanforfl,  Wallace  and 
l.ewinglas;  the  latter  resides  with  liis  parents. 
The  other  sons  have  married  wives  of  noble 
quality,  and  bave  families. 

Mr.  Goodricdi  has  retained  fifteen  acres  of  the 
old  homestead  for  himself,  and  he  also  has  320 
acres  of  timber  in  the  Coast  Range,  where  he 
employs  men  in  niaking  shingles  and  cedar 
posts.  The  good  wife,  whom  he  married  in 
18.")4,  has  continned  to  live  and  be  his  faithful 
help  until  the  present  time.  In  his  political 
views  Mr.  Goodrich  is  a  Republican,  and  as  a 
citizen  he  has  always  been  useful  and  honor- 
able. As  a  farmer  he  has  ever  been  industri- 
ous, anil  a  man  of  shrewd  judgment.  He  has 
ever  been  zealously  interested  in  the  advance- 
ment of  his  county  and  State.    -  '- 


riJ.IAM  GRAHAM,  M.  1).,  one  of  the 
old  and  highly  respected  citizens  of 
Corvallis,  who  has  been  permitted  to 
pass  Ins  three-score  years  and  ten,  may  justly 
lay  claim  to  the  title  of  pioneer  physician.  Dr. 
(Jrahani  has  served  the  public  |)rofossion ally  for 
over  fifty  years,  and  lias  but  recently  retired 
from  active  practice.  He  was  born  in  Donegal 
county,  Ireland,  January  I,  1814,  and  is  a  de- 
scendant of    the   Grahams   of    Scotland.      His 


History  of  onsaoff. 


tniA 


parents  were  Iliclmrd  iiiid  Mary  ( l)aniel)  (Ira 
liait).  both  of  whom  wore  born  in  tlii'  iMncrahl 
Isle,  and  emigratt  '  to  Aini'riea  in  WZH.  Tliey 
lirBt  hjcati'd  in  Ni  >\  York,  soon  after  removing; 
to  IMiiladelpiiia.  The  family  consistinl,  in  all, 
of  eleven  cnildren,  the  subject  of  this  sketeli 
lieing  the  yoimge-t. 

Dr.  (trahain  coni|iletecl  his  aeholastitr  ednca 
tion  ill  the  city  of  I'iiiladelphia,  and  reniovctj  to 
Carroll  connty,  <  >!iio,  with  liix  parents,  abont 
1830,  and  Iwro  the  latter  resided  until  their 
death,  which  occnrred  about  18it().  Our  siib- 
jtM'.t  began  the  study  of  medicine  in  the  office 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Stocker.  of  Franklin,  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  three  years,  ami  then  went 
back  to  Carroll  connty  mid  stmlied  with  J)r. 
DnfTy,  a  celebrated  physician  of  that  day.  After 
conipletin<5  this  course  he  passed  his  medical 
examination  with  MltIi  honors,  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  clu'        profession. 

In  1838  he  was  maiTied  to  Mi-s  Jane  Mor- 
ten, a  Jiativc  <jf  Dublin,  Ireland,  after  which  he 
removed  to  Monroe  county  for  two  years,  and 
then  to  Wayne  county,  where  lie  re  .iiine<l  four 
years.  Subsequently  he  removed  to  Sandusky, 
in  whidi  city  he  resided  until  iHoO.  and  at  that 
time  he  cliange<l  his  re8iden<'e  to  White  county, 
Tennessee,  where  he  practiced  tor  live  yeare. 
In  June,  1855,  he  removed  to  l.awi'ence,  Kan- 
sas, and  for  many  years  enjoyed  a  very  exten- 
sive practici'  at  I'rairie  Cit\.  J)r.  Oraham  was 
one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  Territory,  and 
was  conspicuous  amono  those  nolile  "  Free 
State"  advocates  during  the  boi'der  Troubles  of 
those  times.  lie  was  identified  with  James 
Lane  and  other  ])roiinnent  men  whose  names 
became  famous  in  conne<'tion  with  the  early 
history  of  Kansas.  Owiuff  to  lack  of  space  in 
this  viduino,  many  incidents  of  interest  in  the 
founding  of  that  free  State  must  be  omittC'l. 
but  it  must  suffice  to  say  that  the  name  of  Dr. 
William  Graham  will  bo  found  conspicuous 
among  those  who  participated  at/ainst  slavery. 
He  attended,  as  a  delegate,  the  Free  State  Con- 
vention held  at  Topeka,  Kansas,  over  which 
James  Lano  presided. 

Dr.  Graham  resided  in  Douglas  county  until 
1804,  when  he  removed  to  Boise  (Mty.  Idaho, 
and  remained  there  one  year.  His  next  location 
was  at  Corvallis,  Benton  county,  Oregon,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  and  has  faithfully  per- 
formed the  arduous  duties  connected  with  his 
profession.  To  say  that  his  practice  is  large 
and  lucrative,  is  the  truth,  and  many  I'f  his  old 


patients  ri<gret  that  his  wt^'  and  inlirinilic-  for- 
l)id  bis  responding  to  the  more  iliHiant  cnlU. 
although  he  Ims  served  as  ilii'  Coiintv  I'liysiciaii 
since  1885,  and  still  attends  to  those  m  lio  seek 
his  a<lvice  at  his  home. 

During  III- active  life  Dr.iiraimm  liiis  accu- 
mulated a  competency,  and  he  and  his  estimable 
wife  are  passing  the  iledining  years  of  their 
lives  in  comfort  in  their  i>leas:int  home.  To  flui 
doctor  and  hi  wife  seven  cbildren  liH\e  lieen 
born,  namely:  Thomas,  Richard.  Alarthii  and 
William;  and  three  who  are  deceas(«| ;  Uicliard. 
who  dieil  in  infancy,  while  the  family  were  re- 
siding in  Ohio;  iiorinda,  died  in  Tennessee; 
and  .Mary,  wife  of  .loseph  I).  JoIiiin  ,n,  a  ])roni- 
inent  farmer  of  Benton  county,  died  July,  iS'.tii. 
'l"he  two  oldest  living  children  are  promiiuMd, 
young  business  men  of  CorMillis.  'I'lie  Doctor 
and  his  family  are  consistent  mendiers  of  the 
K[iiscopal  Church. 

'^^^■^ 

fEOlKiF,  DKSAUT,  a  well-known  business 
man  of  Salem,  is  at  the  head  of  one  of  the 
most  iin|iiirtant  industries  of  tiuit  city,  be- 
ing a  member  of  the  firm  u\  .Murphy  iV  I  )esart, 
manufiicturers  of  brick  and  drainage  tile.  Mr. 
Desarl  is  a  nativeof  Stephenson  coniitv,  Illinois, 
born  in  18;{7.  lie  is  descendeil  from  Fiench 
ancestors,  though  his  lather,  Fraiicis  Desart, 
was  born  in  Ohio;  in  his  boyhood  he  was  taken 
to  Illinois,  and  lher(^  he  was  married,  and 
followed  an  agricidtiiral  life  until  1850.  In 
that  \ear  he  removed  to  (JretMi  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  again  engaged  in  fariiiiiig.  (ieorire 
Desart  gained  his  education  in  the  comnnm 
schools  of  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  and  at  tlieaeo 
of  eighteen  year  began  learning  the  trade  of  a 
lirick-mason;  after  serving  a  tour  years'  appren- 
ticeship he  went  tr)  Elgin,  Iowa,  and  there  fol- 
lowed his  trade.  He  was  married  in  this  place 
in  1858  to  Miss  Midissa  Armstrong,  and 
remained  in  that  town  until  185H,  when  he 
removed  to  Blui^  Springs,  Xebrnskii.  He  t(jok 
up  a  Government  claim, and  was  devoting  liim- 
solf  to  the  cultivation  of  the  land  when  the 
depredations  of  the  Indians  made  it  necessary 
to  take  some  action  against  them.  He  enlisted 
in  Company  M,  Second  Nebraska  VolunteiM's, 
under  Colonel  Furness,  and  with  (teneral  Sully 
he  went  to  Dakota.  He  was  in  a  twetity-four 
hours'    engagement    at     Devil's    lake,    and   this 


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1 

1 

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( 
i 

WH8  t'ollowt'd  by  daily  Bkiniiirilifs  for  four  vvfi.ks. 
After  ciiilitceti  luoiitlirt  Mr.  DuKini  was  lioriorubly 
iliMcliiirf^cil,  1111(1  wiiH  iiiiistcrt'<l  out  iit  Ncmaliit, 
Ncliriinkii,  ill  D»'c(tiiilicr,  ISli;}.  Ilothon  I'l'tip  iieil 
to  liliK!  S|iriii)^-.  iHKJ  ill  May.  1^5(U.  Im  viciit  to 
liliilio,  wlicro  III'  >|i<Mit  oiic  yi'ar.  At  tiio  ciul  of 
Iwelvt'  iiiiiiitliH  111!  miiir  to  <  >reifi)ii  uiiil  Buttlud  iit 
Hiiviirtoii,  j)uri;lia»iiii.r  140  acres,  whiidi  lit-  culti- 
vated, uiiil  at  tile  Haiiie  time  followed  IiIh  voca- 
tion ill  the  valley.  In  1888  lie  removed  to 
Siilein.  and  in  |)artnerslii|i  witii  his  Bon-iii  law. 
.1.  K.  Miii|iiiy,  lie  lioiijjlit  fifteen  acres  near  the 
fair  irroiiiidrt,  and  the  tile  and  hriek  plant  of  1). 
.\anii. 

Tiie  tirni  of  Miir|ihy  it  Desart  iiave  improved 
this  i)ro|ierty,  and  have  established  a  lar^e  and 
important  iiuHiness,  They  inaiiufactiire  about 
1,(100,00(1  brick  annually,  and  are  ffaiiiing  a 
large  and  .■<iil>stantial  patronage;  they  also  iiian- 
iihictiire  tile  in  all  ^i/.e^.  from  two  and  a  half 
inches  to  cigiit  inches,  or  hiif^er  when  reipiiied. 

Ml',  and  Mrs.  I)esart  are  the  parents  of  nine 
children,  four  sons  and  five  daii;jliter>i.  Mr. 
hesart  is  a  ineniber  of  (ieorge  II.Thomaa  I'ost, 
(i.  A.  U.,  of  Silverton.  He  is  a  man  of  energy 
and  ability,  and  has  aided  in  the  develii|iiiieiit 
and  growth  of  the  commercial  interests  of  his 
adopted  home. 

I  LAS  \VA(;KIJ  DICKEUSON.a  resi.Ient 
of  I'orthind.  was  born  in  the  township  of 
Hector,  Schuyler  county.  State  of  S'ew 
'i'ork.  November  10,  1820.  His  father,  .lames 
hickersoii.  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and 
were  prominent  in  the  early  history  of  the 
county,  (ioviinor  Dickerson,  of  New  .Jersey, 
being  one  of  the  family. 

Mr.  Uickersoii's  father  married  Miss  Elix.a- 
beth  Hart,  a  native  of  Morris  county.  New 
Jersey,  and  was  of  Scotch  extraction,  and  a 
relative  of  the  ^[onroes.  who  remai:»ed  loyal  to 
King  (icorge.  and  were  given  an  cerate  for  it  in 
Canada.  There  were  born  to  them  eleven  chil- 
dren, of  whom  five  are  living.  Our  subject  was 
the  youngest  child.  He  w:i#  raised  at  Ih-ctor 
and  in  the  Ui--«/n  of  I'lirdtcTt.  in  the  fatnous 
Watkiiis  (ileu. 

He  studied  medicine  and  dentistry  «t  Tru- 
mansl'iirg,  and  practiced  dentistry  there  five 
years,  and  has  now  in  liir-  possessi'in  a  set  of 
teeth  on  a  gold  plate,  as  well  it!>  one  on   vnlctin 


ized  rubber,  on  which  he  and  his  partner  received 
first  prizes  at  the  "World's  Viiu"  some  thirty- 
three  years  ago.  In  lSt;2,  when  ['resident 
liincoln  made  a  call  for  troops  to   put  down  the 

rebellion,    Mr.    Dickers August    2S.    181)2, 

enrolled  himself  in  the  I  nion  army,  ('ompany 
!•],  ( >ue  Hundred  and  Forty-eighth  .New  Vork 
Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  tirst  in  eastern 
Virginia,  under  (ieiieial  l)i\,  then  under  (ten- 
i  eral  lliitler.and  later  under  (ieneral  U.S.drant. 
When  Mr.  hiekerson  tii'.-t  enlisted  he  was  a 
private,  but  on  his  second  enlistment  he  was 
appointed  Second-Lieutenant  of  a  colored  com- 
pany, and  was  transferred  from  that  to  the 
One  lluiidred  and  Twenty-fourth  I'nited 
.States  Colored  Troops,  mid  was  lati'r  pro- 
moted to  First- Lieutenant,  and  had  command 
of  this  the  greater  part  of  the  time.  He  was  a 
larticipant  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Darling.  Cold 
larbor,  and  in  the  light  before  and  at  I'etors- 
biirg.  and  for  a  part  of  the  time  they  did 
jirovost  duty. 

At  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor  he  received  a 
giiusliot  in  the  thigh,  and  was  laid  up  by  it  for 
some  time  in  a  hospital.  During  his  connection 
with  his  colored  regiment  he  took  considerable 
pride  in  drilling  them.  .Mtogether  he  wasijiiit 
siiccessfnl.  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  his  com- 
pany, in  a|)preciation  of  his  kimliiess,  and  the 
'        '  '  '  '     '    '     ''        ,  presenl 

m.  H 

a  tine  one,  and  all  were  excellent  soldiers.  He 
was  discharged  at  Louisville,  Kentucky. 

lie  then  practiced  his  profession  in  New 
.lersey  for  six  years,  and  then  wont  to  San 
Diego,  California,  .Fuiie  1,  1873,  from  there  he 
sailed  for  Wasliington.  They  wei'c  thirty-seven 
days  on  the  jounicy,  as  they  were  driven  out  to 
sea,  and  the  vessel  was  reporteil  as  lost.  At 
01yin|iia  he  was  appointed  a  teacher  at  the 
Qiiinsielt  Indian  Afjency,  ;;nd  was  there  eight 
years,  four  and  a  half  years  of  the  time  was 
Government  physician  there. 

In  July,  1882,  he  came  to  Portland  artd 
invested  in  some  city  property.  He  has  recently' 
fitted  up  a  dental  office,  at  2(50  Fifteenth  street, 
next  to  his  residence,  where  he  does  a  little 
Work  for  the  sake  of  having  something  to  do. 

On  the  20th  of  .lune,  I8(il,he  was  marrid  to 
Misa  Narmettii  Blue,  a  native  of  Trumansburg. 
New  York,  and  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Abraham 
-Mlue.  They  were  blessed  with  two  children,  a 
sen  and  a  daiiiihter.  Their  son,  Frank  U.,  died 
wien   twent\    months  old,  and  their  daufjrhter. 


interest  he  took  in  them,  presented  him   with  a 
sword,  which  cost  them  ^40.    His  company  was 


nitiTDiir  Oh'  oiiKaos. 


104t 


Katie  H.,  only  livoii  to  he  oiglit  years  of  H^e. 
Slit)  liied  lit  the  (^iiiiiHiolt  ii^eiu^,  anil  wan 
luiried  there.  After  four  years  of  illiiess  Mrn. 
I)ickfrsoii  also  ilied.  Her  death  oecurried  Sep- 
teinher  !!».  1S87. 

They  had  lieeii  married  twoiity-Bix  yuars.  She 
WH«  a  t'aithfiil.  devoted  and  lovino  wife,  and  an 
indulgent  mother,  and  full  of  sympathy.  With 
h(!r  luihhand  shu  wa8  a  rttronir  I'nionist,  and  was 
part  of  the  time  with  liiiii  in  tlu>  army,  doing 
what  iliu  (MMild  for  thu  rnion  raiiHe.  She  had 
an  adorahle  clnn'acter.  She  wan  a  faithful 
Giiristiai',  and  a  memtier  of  the  l'resl>yterian 
Church, 

Dr.  I)iekerson  is  a  memhor  of  the  St.  JolinV 
I'resliyterian  (Miurch,  of  whieh  ho  is  one  of  the 
founders  and  an  Hlder,  lie  is  a  Uepuhlieaii 
an<l  a  nieinher  of  the  (t.  A.  IJ, 


[I'ENL'Ell  CIIAIMX  FOSTER,  who  is 
pleasantly  situated  about  two  miles  south 
of  Sheridan,  has  been  identified  with  the 
interests  of  Oregon  sinee  the  year  lS51.  .\  re- 
sume of  his  life  is  as  follows: 

Speneer  Chapin  Foster  was  born  in  Ontario 
county,  Now  York,  June  lit,  1824,  son  of  Daniel 
E.  and  liobecca  (Kiehmond)  Foster,  natives  of 
New  York,  and  of  English  descent.  His  father 
and  mother  were  uuirried  in  New  York  State, 
af,;ed  eighteen  and  seventeen  years,  respectively. 
They  subsetjuently  removed  to  Ohio,  where  they 
resided  si.t  years,  and  from  there  went  to  Hills- 
dale, Michigan.  The  mother  died  when  Spen- 
cer V,.  was  a  chilli,  and  the  father  lived  to  bo 
seventy-four  years  of  aife,  liis  death  occurring  at 
Hillsdale,  He  was  married  a  second  time,  and 
by  each  oi'  his  wives  had  seven  children. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  began  business  I'oi' 
himself  as  a  fannino-mill  niauufacturei'  and 
dealer  in  Illinois  in  1851  he  and  another 
young  inan  purchased  a  wagon  and  three  yoke 
of  o.ven  and  a  cow,  and  with  this  outfit  started 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  The  second  day 
out  one  of  their  cattle  got  hurt  and  died,  and 
then  the  cow  carried  her  end  of  the  yoke  until 
they  reached  Fort  llall,  where  she  dropped 
dead.  Landing  in  Oregon,  Mr,  Foster  first  took 
up  his  abode  in  ( )regon  (!ity,  where  he  was 
variously  employed  for  nearly  a  year. 

About  a  mouth  after  his  arrival  here  ho  mar- 
ried  Miss  Clarissa  McCain,  daughter  of  James 


McCain,  who  came  to  Oregon  that  sMine  year. 
Purchasing  a  iloiuiliun  claim  a  little  south  of 
Oreg(jn  City,  Mr.  Foster  ninvcd  to  it  in  1S.")2, 
He  subseijuently  imnle  additinniil  purchased,  be- 
coiiiiiig  the  owner  of  5.'(*  acres,  ami  expended 
much  time  and  labor  in  improving  it  Here  he 
resided  fur  thirty  years.  Some  time  ago  he 
Mvld  out  anil  moved  to  his  present  home.  Ho 
reared  a  family  of  seven  children,  si.x  of  whom 
are  living,  vi/.. :  Spencer  ('.,  who  is  nntrrieil  and 
resides  near  McMiiinville;  Harly  D.,  wluj  is 
married  and  liv(^s  at  the  Minto  (fa|i;  William 
T.,  also  married,  is  settled  in  I, inn  county;  liena 
II.,  at  home;  Fanny  11.,  who  resides  in  Sheri- 
dan; and  Kate  M.,  wife  of  Walter  I'ottiT,  is  a 
resilient  (d'  Sheridan.  Mrs.  I'oster  dieil  March 
1."),  1878,  at  Highland  Springs,  Lake  county, 
California,  whither  she  and  her  husband  had 
gone  for  the  benelit  of  her  health.  January  18, 
18S0,  Mr.  Foster  married  .Mrs.  Sarah  llerry.  a 
native  of  Henton  county,  Oregon.  Her  fallier. 
Joseph  Morris,  came  to  ( (regon  in  ISoL  IK' 
died  in  1S88.  Her  mother  is  still  living.  Mrs. 
Foster  had  three  children  by  her  tir,-l  liu-band, 
two  of  whom,  Ciissie  and  Leon,  are  living.  She 
and  Mr.  I'oster  have  two  ehildrcn,  Harry  F. 
and    Dora  A. 

Mr.  Foster  has  aHiliated  with  the  Uoijublican 
party  ever  since  its  organization,  lie  was  a 
charter  member  of  the  (irange,  and  has  serveij 
both  as  Chaplain  and  Lecturer.  He  and  his 
wife  are  membei-s  of  the  Congregatioiuil  ( 'Inireh 
at  Sheridan. 

fOllN  Fox,  president  anil  manager  of  tho 
Astoria  Iron  Works,  was  burn  near  Toron- 
to, Canada,  in  18111,  His  ancost' is  had 
been  loiiii  residents  of  that  loealit',.  He  ;it- 
tended  the  public  schools  of  hi  luitive,  town 
until  18t);{,  whcTi  he  emigi'atcil  with  his  parents 
to  Yictoi'ia,  British  (  nlumlii!.,  and  there  com- 
pleted his  education.  In  18i)t  he  was  apjiren- 
ticed  with  tho  .Mbion  Iron  Works,  and  H|i|)licil 
himself  in  tho  machinist  det/artnieiit  lor  three 
and  one-half  years,  then  eaiie  to  Poi'tlaml  and 
found  employment  in  the  machine  department 
of  the  Oregon  Iro-;  V.'orks,  and  later  with  tho 
Willamette  Iron  \Vorks,  remaining  until  ls7(), 
when  he  engaged  with  the  I'acitic  Steamsliij) 
Company  e.'^  engineer,  and  ran  upon  their 
steamers  from   Portland   to   ."^an    Francisco,  and 


¥■ 


ife: 


I 


■ 


lOlH 


njarony  (.>!••  oiwaoN. 


IVurii  Portliinil  to  Aluskii.  After  one  yi'iir  lie 
retiiriKMl  til  the  WillHiiicttL'  Iron  Works  ainl  re 
in.-iiiicil  until  Aiioiist,  187+,  wlicii  lu»  ciiiiie  to 
Aiiloriii  118  eiiiriiu't'i-  ui  the  iMti|iloy  of  Captain 
Klavei,  to  run  tiii^-loats  ucroat.  thi'  l/'oluinbiu 
imr.  Ho  continued  in  tiiis  jiofitioii  f'oi  four  anil 
one-half  years,  and  then  eniraged  as  sn|»'riii- 
tendent  of  tugs,  in  wliich  position  he  remained 
for  aliDiit  three  yeais,  until  1S81,  wlien,  with 
(;a|itain  .1.  (J.  Hustler.  A.  |).  Waf.-aiid  A.  1„ 
l'(i\,  he  orjiranizcd  and  incorporated  the  Astoria 
Iron  Works,  with  a  capital  of  $4,000.  In 
1884  tlie  capital  was  increased  to  !?20,00(),  and 
the  company  has  made  steady  jii'ogress  in  Imsi- 
ness  over  since.  The  business  was  originally 
Ktarted  as  a  inachiiio  and  repair  shop.  A  foun- 
dry Wi's  soon  deemed  to  lie  necessary  to  the 
success  of  the  enteiprisc,  and  later  a  lioiler  shop 
was  added  wliich,  heing  e(|uipped  with  the 
latest  nnichinery,  they  wore  alile  to  turn  out 
i^eneral  casting.s,  lioilers  and  steainlioat  work. 
They  make  a  specialty  of  crimping  and  solder- 
ing machines,  and  have  equipped  many  of  the 
C'olumliia  river  and  Alaska  canneries.  They 
are  also  sole  manufacturers  of  the  Jensen  can- 
tilling  machine.  Mr.  Fox  is  one  of  the  incor- 
porators of  the  Jensen  Can-Filling  Company, 
and  fills  the  otlice  of  secretary,  lie  is  also  a 
uiL'iiilier  of  the  Ilanililin  Ueal- Estate  Company, 
which  owns  :H)i)  acres  of  city  property,  located 
on  V ounce's  hay. 

Mr.  Fox  was  married  in  Yam  Hill  county,  in 
1874.  to  Miss  Fannie  A.  Stewart,  a  native  of 
Oregon,  and  the  daughter  of  Benjaniin  Stewart, 
a  pioneer  of  the  early  '40s.  To  tlie  above  union 
have  been  added  two  children,  Grace  S.  and 
F.  (Miester. 

Mr.  Fox  has  served  three  years  ae-  a  member 
of  the  ('ouncil,  several  yi'ars  as  School  Pirector, 
and  was  elected  to  tlu^  Legislature  by  the  Re- 
jiiibliean  party,  in  18'.K).  He  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  1.  ().  ().  F..  \.  O.  U;  W.  and 
H.  P.  O.  E.,  and  is  numbi-rcd  among  the  busi- 
ness iiu'ii  of  Astoria. 


fnllX  L.  DOUGLASS,  deceased,  a  promi- 
nent and  prosperous  Oregon  pioneer  of 
IS."):.',  well-known  thrnughout  Multnomah 
county  as  a  man  of  upright  character  and  genial 
disposition,  and  wIionc  loss  was  lamenteil  wher- 
i'Verhe  was  known,  was  a  native  of  IVlinsylvania, 


having  been  born  in  Crawford  county  April  30, 
1837.  His  jiarent^,  John  and  Elizabeth  (LeFe- 
ver)  Douglass,  were  both  natives  of  the  Key- 
stone State,  where  the  former  was  born,  June 
lo.  171i4.  and  the  latter  April  25,  1801.  They 
were  married  in  the  State  of  their  birth  No- 
vember 80,  I81it,  and  had  ten  childi'en.of  whom 
John  L.  was  the  ninth  in  order  of  birth.  About 
the  year  1840,  the  father  joined  the  general 
exodus,  then  commencing,  toward  the  West, 
and  with  his  family  removed  to  Indiana,  set- 
tling in  Wells  county.  Here  tiiey  resided  eleven 
years,  their  son.  .lohn  L.,  being  reared  on  the 
home  farm,  and  receiving  iiis  education  in  the 
c'ounty  schools.  At  the  end  of  this  time,  in 
November,  1851,  the  family  aga'n  turned  their 
faces  toward  the  West,  this  time  making  the 
long  trip  across  the  plains,  thus  traveling  almost 
across  the  entire  continent,  from  ocean  to  ocean, 
and  that  at  a  time  when  traveling  was  exceedingly 
tedious  and  slow.  In  their  journey  across  the 
plains  they  met  with  many  haidships,  which 
culminated  in  the  sickness  and  death  of  the 
beloved  wife  and  mother,  who  died  Angnst  5, 
1852,  and  was  sorrowfully  buried  on  the  banks 
of  the  Green  river.  With  sad  hearts,  the  re- 
maining members  of  this  little  home  circle, 
then  pressed  onward,  reaching  .Multnomah 
county  November  12,  1852-  Here  they  settled 
on  land,  and  once  more  commenced  the  life  of 
pioiu'ers,  where  the  father  afterward  died. 

John  L.  Douglass,  whose  name  heads  this 
notice,  was  about  fourteen  years  of  age  when  his 
parents  emigrated  to  Oregon,  and  lived  for  some 
years  with  tiui  family  on  their  laml  in  Multno- 
mah county.  In  January,  1858,  he  married 
^Miss  Flixa  Mitchell,  a  lady  of  domestic  tastes 
and  accomplishments,  residing  in  his  neighbor- 
hood. This  happy  union  was  of  short  duration, 
being  tenninatetl  by  the  death  of  the  devoted 
wife  and  mother  on  March  20,  18(i7.  Of  their 
three  children,  two  now  survive:  (Jeorge  AV.,  » 
sketch  of  whom  immediately  follows:  and  .lames 
II.,  also  a  prosperous  resident  of  Troutdale. 
While  yet  a  young  man,  the  father  ileparted 
this  life  on  June  13,  187H,  bereaving  his  chil- 
dren of  !i  loving  father's  care,  and  leaving  many 
friends  to  mourn  his  loss. 

George  W.  Douglass  was  the  oldest  son  of 
tliis  worthy  couple,  and  was  born  in  Multnomah 
county  March  31.  1803.  He  was  con.se((ueiitly 
but  ten  years  of  age  when  he  was  doubly  be- 
reaved by  the  death  of  his  fath-ir.  Relatives 
took  the    place  of  parents    deceased,    his  early 


rrrsTonr  of  owrvox. 


mil* 


yonrs  being  piiescd  on  the  liuinc  t'lirin,  and  liia 
ednciition  ruceiveil  lU  the  county  soliools.  When 
twenty  yoiu'd  of  iifre  he  apprenticeil  liimself  to 
the  oii'peiiters'  triule,  and  later  learned  that  of 
'  histcring.  He  afterward  workeil  as  a  eon- 
tractor  until  1892,  when  he  e:  tered  the  mercan- 
tile ItuninesB,  which  he  now  pursues.  He  has  a 
large  and  well-selected  stock  of  inerchandise, 
and  by  UUm'h!  and  npri<^ht  methods  has  imilt 
up  a  larire  and  lucrative  trade.  He  ia  justly 
nuniliered  ainong  the  most  sutintantial  men  of 
liis  community,  his  prosperity  boinij;  entirely 
due  to  his  own  unaided  efforts  and  steady  per- 
severance. 

lie  was  married  April  28,  1884.  to  Miss  EU"n 
iiarnes,  a  native  of  Illin()is.  whose  jiarents  are 
respected  residents  of  Oreijon,  and  tl«?y  have 
three  children:  Laura  E    Nellie  G.  and  (Jeurge  A. 

J\iliticallv,  Mr.  Douglass  is  a  I'opulirtf.  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  national  and  l'<>^al 
atiairs.  lie  has  served  his  coasty  two  --rnii-  as 
Constable,  disciiar^ing  his  dutie>  in  that  capacity 
with  honor  and  ability.  He  is  also  prominent 
in  educational  affairs,  and  has  done  much  to 
advance  the  cDinmunity  in  that  direction.  He 
sei'ved  with  ctticiency  on  rhe  Cedar  District 
School  Board  fr<.iii  ISHti  to  l-^HH. 

Socially,  he  atfiliates  with  flie  A.  <>.  1'.  W., 
of  which  he  is  now  (lfS'.>'2)  Master  Workman, 
besides  which  he  is  also  a  member  if  the  order 
of    Koresters. 

Thus  is  the  i_'ood  inline  of  a  worthy  family 
perpetiuited  by  ii  descendant,  whose  ew*?ry  act  is 
governed  by  the  highest  ])rinciples.  and  wbfjsc 
cordial  jiersonality  has  f,'rappled  l;o  him,  liy 
liooks  of  steel,  a  host  of  admirinij  friends. 

IARKY  DUNCAN  KMHIIEE,  a  venerable 
Oreiron  pioneer  of  1844,  rosidinir  in 
Dallas.  I'olk  county,  was  born  in  Clark 
county,  Kentucky.  January  11,  18()fi.  Ilif 
father.  Thomas  Einbree.  a  native  of  Virijinia, 
removed  to  Kentucky  when  a  boy  of  live  yeair-. 
and  was  reared  and  nnirried  there,  the  lady  f»f 
his  choice  being  Miss  Elizabeth  Duncan.  *be. 
too,  was  a  native  of  \'irginia,  and  Im'T  retiJi.viil 
to  Kentucky  occurred  when  she  wa-  twelve 
years  old.  (iraudfather  Enibree  wa-  a  native  <>f 
England;  catne  to  Americji  ami  rf^sidcd  in  Keri 
tucky  until  182();  removed  to  lVriss..Hri  iin.i 
settleil  in  Howard  county,  where  lie  sjii'iit  the 
rest  of  hislire,and  died  in  his  oighty-fonrth  year. 


Mr.  Enibreo  was  the  si.\th-liorii  in  a  family 
of  fifteen  children,  and  is  now  supposed  tii 
be  the  only  survivor  of  that  number.  His  early 
educational  iiilvautagcs  were  liiuited,  his  sclinol- 
ing,  all  foid,  ])robably  not  exceiMling  si\leen 
months.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  married  Miss 
Lucinda  Fowler,  a  native  of  his  own  town,  anil 
two  years  younger  than  himself.  Ajiril  IS, 
1814,  with  his  wife  and  four  childien,  he>larted 
on  the  long  overhmd  journey  to  Oregon.  Their 
first  child  was  then  eight  and  the  youngest  two 
years  old,  and  when  tliey  arrived  at  the  waters 
of  the  little  LJliie  another  child  was  born  to 
them,  whom  they  named  Alice  Irene.  This 
daughter  is  now  the  wife  of  James  Denipsey,  of 
I'olk  county,  and  is  the  mother  of  ten  native 
sons  and  daughters  of  ()r(!gon.  The  other 
children  who  crossed  the  plains  are  as  follows; 
Thomas  V.  ]).,  a  physician  and  minister,  resid- 
ing in  Harney  valley;  Mary  Isadore,  wife  of 
T.  .1.  llayter,  a  respected  pioneer  resident  of 
Dallas;  Alarccllns  .\.,  of  IJenfon  county;  and 
lientoii,  who  lives  in  Harney  valley.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Embrec  had  one  son  born  in  Oregon,  John 
1!.,  now  rcftiding  with  his  father  in  Dallas. 
Mr.  Embree  has  twenty-one  grandchildren  and 
four  great  grandchildren. 

When  they  left  I'oonvilleon  their  memorable 
jonrney  it  began  to  rain,  and  it  I'ained  hard  at 
freijuent  intervals  until  the  Ist  of  July,  so  they 
had  iiiiich  mud  and  high  water  to  encounter  for 
forty  days.  August  22  they  passed  Fort  Lara- 
mie, and  by  this  time  many  of  their  o.\cn  had 
died.  They  arrived  at  Fort  Hall  September  "^2. 
and  there  traded  their  weak  team  for  a  slromrctr 
one.  When  they  got  within  sight  of  IJlue 
mountain  it  began  to  rain  and  snow.  aii<l  the 
snow  was  ciiflit  inches  deej)  before  they  got 
through.  On  the  steep  ])itclies  they  were 
ol'iiged  to  double  teams  to  get  up,  their  progress 
being  very  slow  and  difficult.  'I'heir  provisions 
giving  out,  they  sent  to  Dr.  Whitmairs  for 
esft^lies.  and  they  t/ot  dried  saliiinn  from  the 
IiKi'ians,  arrived  at  the  Dalles  Mr.  Embree  had 
only  a  dollar  left.  With  it  he  juirchased  a 
bn«liel  of  small  potatoes,  and  -ome  sugar  and 
tea  for  his  wife,  she  being  ^i(•k.  Tlu^  wcatlun' 
wik-  -evere.  and  the  rest  of  the  jonrney  was  ac 
compli-lied  uiidt  r  great  dilHculties.  To  give  an 
exten<i<t«d  account  of  the  various  obstni'les  as 
they  jiresented  themselves,  and  the  heroic  man- 
ner in  wliieh  these  bravi^  pioneers  met  and  over 
come  them  would  rei|iiire  more  space  than  cim 
l»e  devoted  to  a  single  biography  in  this  work. 


f 


I: 


iMMfca.  *KiiM»p  J 


<^g»>BmA  s*MiiA>Mawaj^aKia» 


»!'\ 


io.->n 


HrniTOm'    OF    OHKGON. 


Siitlicf  if  Id  >iiy  tliat  tlicj  (iniilly  i-cucIuhI  Polk 
I'lPiiiilv,  liis  wilV'  Btill  rtick  mill  he  biirefootud. 
He  took  a  ilonatifiii  claim  of  ')42  acres  just 
aliovc  IMxie.  this  cliiini  haviiii/  botli  wood  and 
water  dii  it.  His  (tiily  stock  was  a  t'ovv  and  an 
ox.  lU'i'e.  with  his  wife  ;iiiil  five  helpless  little 
childreu,  and  iif>  money,  he  settled  on  the  fron- 
tier. While  III  was  i'Httinj_r  loirs  for  his  cahin 
he  lieeame  so  tided  with  ^rief  at  the  thiino;lit  of 
his  situation  that  lie  sut  down  and  cried  like  a 
ihild.  It  was  inipipssihie  to  jfo  hack,  and  as 
they  had  no  provisions  the  [irospcct  indeed 
looice'd  dai'k.  The  little  eahin,  however,  was 
soon  coiniileted,  they  borrowed  tlour.  and  by 
Mr.  Enibree's  hard  work  and  ifood  niiinnireinent 
fhf-v  succeeded  in  o;ettini,r  aloiiir.  He  relates 
nia'iy  interesting'  reminiscences  connected  with 
that  winter',  exjiei'ience.  As  the  yeai'S  rolled 
by  they  developed  their  farm  into  a  valuable 
jiroperty,  and  reared  a  respectable  family  of 
children,  shariiio;  the  land  with  them  as  they 
i,frcw  up.  In  1881  Mr.  Einhree  was  bereaved 
by  the  loss  of  his  faithful  and  loviuj;  wife,  who 
had  stood  by  him  in  all  \\\>  joys  and  sorrows. 
Her  death  was  can-ed  by  a  fall  from  a  wagon. 
Ml'.  Kmbree  was  made  a  Mason  in  Dallas 
in  the  winter  of  1855  "50.  lie  was  a  Ikp- 
tist  in  early  life,  but  siibsecpu'iitly  united  with 
the  Alethodist  Ciiundi  South.  He  cast  his  first 
vote  for  Andrew  Jackson,  and  his  last  for  (irovei 
Cleveliiiid.  Now  in  his  eiirbty-sixth  year,  Mr. 
Knibreo  i>  in  a  measure  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness. His  home,  situated  on  a  twelve-acre 
tract  of  land,  overlooks  the  city  of  Dallas. 
Here  he  works  as  niueli  as  his  streiiirth  wilt  per- 
mit, makinii  iiniirovements,  etc.,  his  youiitrest 
son  residing  with  him.  Ho  is  well  jireserved, 
both  ill  mind  and  body,  has  hosts  of  friends, 
and  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  all  who  know 
him.  Thus  if  is  with  pleasure  that  we  record 
his  name  aiiiuiig  tlie  worthy  pioneers  of  thio 
great  State. 


tL.  Dl '  U1I.\  M,  a  native  son  of  Oregon  and 
representative  among  the  young  linan- 
*  ciers  of  tlie  State,  was  born  at  Oregon 
City  ill  l84'J.  ^I''or  history  of  ancestors  s-ee 
sketch  of  (icorgo  Dur'iam.)  The  boyhood  of 
our  subject  was  pas'^ed  with  his  |iarents.  and  his 
education  was  aci(iiire<i  at  the  Willamette  I'ni- 
versity,  at  Saleiii  and  at  the  I'ortlaiid  Acailemy. 


In  .fiilj,  1870,  lie  'iveiit  to  Portland  and  accepted 
the  apjiointmenf  of  Deputy  County  Clerk,  under 
C.  W.  Parrish  and  continued  in  that  position 
liiifil  187t),  when  he  resigned  to  accept  f  lie  posi- 
tion of  Deputy  City  Auditor,  under  W.  S.  Col- 
well,  and  in  ls77  received  the  ajipoiiitiiient  of 
City  Auditor,  from  the  Common  Council,  iieing 
contimuid  in  that  office  for  five  consecutive 
terms.  In  188::2  he  resigned  and  accepted  the 
position  of  teller  at  the  Portland  Savings  Bank, 
and  shortly  after  was  elected  cashier,  which 
office  he  hlled  until  January,  188t).  At  this 
date,  with  the  incorporation  of  the  Commercial 
.National  liaiik,  Mr.  Durham  was  elected  cashier 
of  that  institution,  where  N  ■  ;c  rf^ill  engaged. 

A[r.  Durham  was  mar-ied  in  Portland,  in 
June,  1872,  to  Miss  Hannah  dault.  a  native  of 
Oregon,  daughter  of  Pembroke  Gault,  a  pioneer 
of  tlie  early  fifties.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Durham  have 
had  three  children:  Lillian,  Uoy  (iault  and  Gil- 
bert H. 

Afr.  Durham  is  a  ineniber  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F. 
and  A.  (>.  U.  W.  He  is  vice-president  of  tlie 
City  Boartl  of  Emigration,  which  was  begun  in 
IS.Sl,  to  disseminate  knowledge  of  Oregon,  one 
method  being  the  sending  of  exhibition  cars 
through  the  East,  containing  a  collection  of  Ore- 
gon products,  and  literature  discriptive  of  her 
resources.  He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  is  one  the  finance 
and  building  committee,  in  the  erection  of  the 
new  building.  He  is  aldo  vice-president  of  the 
Oregon  Land  Investment  Company  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Portland  Clearing  House  Associa- 
tion. In  business  affairs  Mr.  Durham  holds  an 
active  position,  and  his  enthusiasm  is  quickly 
enlisted  in  every  public  enterprise,  whicli  pro- 
motes the  development  of  his  city  and  State. 


fEHRY  II.  E ASTON,  dealer  in  musical 
instruments  and  music  goods,  Salem.  Ore- 
gon, was  born  in  Sussex,  England,  in 
18(51,  a  son  of  William  Easton,  a  retired  attor- 
ney. He  first  came  to  the  I'aeific  coast  in  1882, 
seeking  a  suitalile  location  for  a  music  house; 
he  remained  in  Los  Angeles  for  two  years,  and 
then  went  to  Montana  on  a  prospecting  tour; 
after  a  brief  look  at  that  eecfion  of  country  he 
returned  to  ]x)s  Angeles,  but  in  a  ehort  time 
came  to  Salem.  This  was  In  1887;  he  opened 
a  store  at  iJlU  C\'unit*rcial  htreet,  where  he  car- 


nisToitv  cv  niiKany. 


10.51 


rics  a  full  stock  of  all  classes  oi  "itisical  goods. 
IIo  has  tlie  State  at^ency  for  the  (!oll)y  piano, 
and  iiandles  an  oi'iran  hearinjj;  his  own  name, 
which  is  niaiiuraetnred  witli  reference  to  ciiniatie 
inrtuenees  on  the  Pacific  coast;  it  is  of  execileiit 
workmanship,  iirid  has  a  tone  of  very  admirable 
qnality.  iMr.  Haston  has  appointed  a  number 
of  aij;ents  throughout  the  State,  and  is  meeting 
with  satisfactory  success  in  the  inti'oduction  and 
sale  of  these  two  superior  instruments.  A  tal- 
ented niusician  himself,  ho  has  awakened  adceji 
interest  in  all  branches  of  the  art,  and  througii 
his  efforts  much  latent  ability  in  this  direction 
is  being  developed  an<l  cultivated.  In  the  win- 
ter of  18U(>  he  orifanized  a  tine  orchestra,  which 
has  acconi|ilislied  a  great  amount  of  work,  and 
has  made  surprising  projfress;  he  has  also  or- 
Kauized  (dasses  for  the  mandolin  and  banjo. 
The  public  have  shown  a  keen  appreciation  of 
these  efforts  by  giving  a  liberal  support  to  the 
enterprises  inaugurated.  Mr.  Ka.'ton's  father 
was  an  accomplished  organist,  and  spared  no 
pains  in  giving  his -^on  a  thorough  mnsical  train- 
ing. Our  subject  is  a  member  of  the  .V.  <).  V . 
W.,  the  Knights  of  I'ythias  and  the  Masonic 
fraternity. 

In  ll^HC)  he  was  uniteil  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Ilattie  Chase,  a  native  of  the  city  of  Hostou, 
and  a  thorough  musician.  Two  children  have 
been  born  of  this  union.  In  politics  Mr.  I'luston 
styles  himself  a  liepnbliean,  but  he  is  independ- 
ent and  liberal  in  thought  and  action.  He  has 
ideutifie<l  himself  with  the  city's  best  interests, 
and  has  won  the  eunfidei\ee  of  the  entire  com- 
munity. He  has  found  an  excellent  field  for 
building  up  a  business  in  his  line,  and  has 
flattering  prospects  of  abundant  success  ai\d 
prosperity. 


fUDGK  ().    X.    DKNNY,  ex  I'nited  States 
C<)nsul-(ieiieral  to  China,  IfiT   First  street, 
Poit land,  Oregon,  diile^  hi,-  birth   in  Mor- 
gan county,  Ohio,  Septembei'  f,  18,'iK. 

His  parents,  ('hrintian  aiul  Kliza  H.  (Nicker- 
BO'i)  Denny,  were  natives  of  West  X'irginia  and 
Mii-sachusetts,  respeetivtdy ;  were  married  in 
Ohio,  to  which  plai'e  Mr.  DcTmy  emigrateil  iit 
an  early  ilay,  and  where  he  engaged  in  taruiiug 
and  the  lumbering  business.  They  had  six 
chihireu,  three  so  is  and  three  daughteis.  lii 
1803  Mr,  Denny  -(jld  liis  interests  in  ()liio,  jmr 


chased  a  suitable  out  lit.  aiul  in  March  of  that 
yeai'  started  u|ii)ii  the  long  journev  across  the 
plains.  His  outfit  consisted  of  three  wagons, 
twelve  yoke  of  oxen,  and  about  twenty-five  lu>ad 
of  loose  cattle.  The  train  with  whiidi  they 
traveled  was  composed  of  fourteen  wagons  and 
about  si\tv  people,  and  of  it  Mr.  Denny  was 
elected  captain.  The  triji  was  without  j)articnlar 
incident,  and  was  o)ily  nnidc  wearisome  by  the 
slow  progress,  six  months  being  sj)rnt  on  the 
journey.  They  arrived  at  ivebanou,  i.inn 
county,  in  September,  1852.  Mr.  Denny  met 
with  a  serious  accident  from  a  vicious  Indian 
pony,  which,  togethei'  with  mountain  fever, 
caused  his  death,  ten  days  after  his  arrival.  He 
left  a  widow  an<l  six  children  to  mourn  their 
hiss,  and  provide  their  own  support  in  an  un- 
developed (•o\intry.  Mrs.  Denny  |uiridiased  a 
possessory  right  to  :?"20  acres  of  slightly  im- 
proved land,  three  miles  west  (d'  Lebanon.  She 
nad  ifreat  trouble  in  maintaiuinii  hor  title  in  the 
courts,  but  the  contest  was  finally  settled  in  her 
favor.  During  the  winter,  five  of  the  children 
were  sick  with  mountain  fever,  and  came  near 
dying;  all  howexei'.  recovered.  Much  of  tlieii' 
stock  had  been  lost  upon  the  plains.  With  the 
laiii'e  emicrration  <d'  1S.")2,  and  the  conseciuent 
advance  in  all  kinds  of  provisions,  the  burden^ 
and  responsibilities  thrown  upon  .\[r>.  Denny 
were  indeed  great,  but  bravely  did  she  work  to 
)rovide  food  and  clothing  for  iier  family  of 
ittle  ones.  O.  N.  I)enTiy,  the  oldot  son,  and 
his  twelve-year  old  brother,  rendered  able  assist. 
ance,  plowing  and  fencing  and  improving  their 
claim. 

After  the  first  winter  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  attended  school  during  the  three  winter 
months,  doing  chores  for  his  bnai'd,  and  in  the 
spring  returning  to  the  duties  of  the  farm.  Thus 
he  continued  with  labor  and  study  until  185S, 
when  he  entered  Willamette  I'niversity.  ociii 
pyiug  a  snuill  I'oom  iind  boiirdiug  himsidf  upon 
supplies  furnished  liy  hi^  mother,  and  inicIi 
spring  returning  to  the  farm.  The  Judge  feels 
that  lie  owes  a  lasting  debt  of  gratitude  to  his 
mother  for  her  untiring  energy,  love,  devotion 
and  assistance.  Ha\ing  comjileted  his  eoursi! 
at  the  university  he  commenced  the  study  of 
law.  un<lcr  the  insti'uc^lion  of  Amory  llolbrook, 
of  Oregon  ( 'ity,  finishing  \\'\>  studies  in  the  otllce 
nf  ^les^|•s.  Wilson  ^  Hiirding,  distingni-hed 
lawyers  of  Salem.  He  was  admitted  to  thi'  bur 
in    18()'i   by  the  Supreme    Coni'l    of   the   Stati 


lie  then  r.,ininenee(i  practice  at  the  Dalles,  with 


'i 
¥. 


IHlK. 


1052 


UlSTOUY    OF    OUKGOX. 


('.  It.  Mfi^^s,  I'lMt^eciitiiifv  Attorney'  for  tlie 
I'iftli  I)islrii;t.  Slioitiv  aflur.  u  vaciilicy  occiir- 
riiii^r  ill  thu  (jIKcc  of  I'.oiiiity  lunl  prolmto  jml.ijtN 
Mr.  Doiiiiy  was  a|ij)C)iiitc(l  to  that  position,  lint 
Biili.swjiiciitly  rt'siiiiiiid  in  orijui'  to  iiiakt'a'uiisim-s.s 
tii))  to  the  Itoiso  mines,  Idaho,  whero  he  was 
ih'tainci!  for  six  months.  lli.s  return  to  tlie 
Dalles  was  shortly  followeil  hy  the  county  and 
State  election,  and,  lieinjf  the  unanimous  nomi- 
nee for  County  and  I'robate.l  u(lo;e,  he  was  elected 
hy  a  hirife  majority,  aiul  tilled  the  office  for  n 
term  of  lour  years. 

In  iNoveniiier,  iSfiS,  Judge  Denny  eauie  to 
I'oithmd.  lie  was  married  on  the  28d  of  the 
followiiii;  month,  at  Vancouver,  to  (icrtrude, 
dauohter  of  I'eter  I).  Ilall,  a  pioneer  of  1847. 
who  WHS  killed  in  the  Whitman  massacre.  The 
ilall  children  were  all  taken  prisonei's  hy  the  In- 
dians, mid  liehl  until  ransomed  hy  liev.  J.  II. 
Spauldino;.  After  marria<re  Mr.  Denny  prac- 
ticed law  about  oueyeai'.  inlSan  Jose.  Calirornia, 
and  then  returned  to  I'ortland.  Ipon  his  return 
he  was  elected  I'olice  Judge,  and,  after  serving 
four  years,  resio;ne(l,  in  order  to  accept  the  aji- 
jMiintment,  tendered  him  liy  President  GranI,  of 
Internal  Revenue  Collector  for  Oregon  and 
Alaska.  In  1875,  without  being  an  applicant, 
he  was  appointed  American  Consul  to  Amoy, 
China,  whiidi,  however,  he  declined.  In  June, 
1877.  he  received  the  appointment  by  I'resident 
Hayes  as  American  ^  msul  to  Tientsin,  and  em- 
liarked  for  that  point  in  July,  arriving  there  the 
followiiicr  September.  Tlie  city  numbered  ItUO,- 
000  inhabitants,  aiul  all  the  reputable  govern- 
ment,- in  the  worlil  had  ofHcia!  rejiresentatives 
there,  making  the  social  life  very  enjoyable.  In 
Janmiry,  1880,  .Mr.  Denny  was  promoted  to  the 
office  of  Consul-Cieneral,  at  Sl.ang-Ilai,  which 
important  |iositiou  he  tilled  four  years,  resigning 
at  the  end  of  that  time,  and  returning  to  Ore- 
gon. During  his  otticial  rc^sidence  in  Cliina  he 
kept  up  the  good  relation  already  established 
with  the  \iceroy,  as  well  as  maintaining  the 
cimtideiue  an<i  respect  of  his  associates.  On 
leaving,  he  was  the  recipient  of  an  address  from 
his  colleagues,  as  well  as  one  signed  by  all  the 
.\merican  citizens  of  Sliaug-Ilai,  In  July, 
fcdlowiiig  his  arrival  in  Oregon,  in  January, 
ISSo,  Mr.  Denny  received  a  ealilegrani  from  the 
viceroy  at  Tientsin,  in  behalf  of  tlw  King  or 
Corea.  iiiviting  him  to  Corea.  to  take  service 
under  the  king.  This  ott'er  was  at  tirst  declined, 
but  in  .\ugust  was  accepted,  and  in  December 
he   ngaiii    left   Oregon.     For  two  terms  of  two 


years  cacli,  he  rendered  most  efficient  service  to 
the  King  of  Corea,  and  was  urgently  recpiested 
to  serve  a  third  term,  declining  to  do  so  for  the 
reason  that  he  was  unable  to  enforce  his  advice, 
the  government  being  too  weak,  and  in  dread  of 
her  powerful  neighbor,  China,  to  enforce  many 
needed  reforms  relative  to  internal  aifairs. 

In  January.  1891,  Mr.  Denny  set  out  for 
liome,  via  .Vsia,  (ireece  and  the  old  countries  of 
Europe,  which  he  visited  extensively,  arriving 
in  I'ortland  in  July,  18'Jl,  lie  has  again  re- 
sumed practice,  giving  his  timi^  cliieHy  to  busi- 
ness arrangements  and  investments.  He  has  ex- 
tensive ranch  interests  in  eastern  Orocou,  where 
he  is  engaged  in  breeding  tine  horses,  ami  also 
has  other  stock  farms. 

The  Judge  and  Mrs,  Denny  have  one  child, 
I'lironetta,  wife  of  Lieutenant  \i.  O.  Scott,  of 
the  United  States  Xavy.  .Iiidge  Detiny  speaks 
with  enthusiasm  of  his  wife's  assistance  during 
all  their  exjierience  abroad.  She  is  a  woir  ni  of 
high  culture  and  retiiiement,  and  (juickly  dis- 
cerned the  re([uirements  of  court  life,  using  her 
influence  to  elevate  the  social  relations  of  her 
people  with  whom  they  nere  cast.  She  presided 
with  the  (^ueoii  in  all  entertainments  given  at 
the  palace. 

The  tludge  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F,, 
and  is  Fast  Deputy  Grand  Master  id'  his  lodge. 


DAVIS  v^'  SON,  popular  <]ruggists  of 
I'hilomath,  sncccHsors  to  J.  T.  Akin, 
*  carry  a  full  line  of  the  best  <lrug8,  to- 
gether with  all  pharmaceutical  goods,  toilet 
articles.  perfunuM-ies  and  fancy  goods,  including 
stationery,  etc.,   etc. 

S.  Da\is.  the  ethcient  manager  of  the  ahove 
firm,  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was 
horn  Febrmiry  13,  183B.  His  parents  were 
Samuel  and  Klizabeth  (Fong)  Davis,  who  re- 
\  moved  to  Lee  county,  Iowa,  in  184r'!-.  where  they 
afterward  died,  greatly  lamented  by  all  who 
knew  them.  They  left  a  family  of  nine  children, 
the  yo\ing(>st  of  whon\  is  I  he  subject  of  our 
sketch. 

Mr.  Davis  received  his  education  in  this 
county.  Ills  early  life  was  devoted  to  farming, 
but,  after  arriving  at  mardiood,  ho  serrwJ  an 
ap|)renticesliip  to  the  carpenter  and  milhvright 
trades,  which  he  followed  for  lifteen  years,  ex- 
cept one  sear,  which  was  dc\oted  to  school 
teaching. 


W,  '4 


insToin    (IF  (iiiJ-jiioN. 


1058 


Tn  18(31,  lured  by  the  marvelous  reports  'roin 
the  (ioldeii  State,  he  cuiiu'  to  ('alil'oniia,  lud 
was  for  a  time  located  in  yaeraiiiotito,  later  vis- 
iting (iold  Hill.  Nevada,  where  lu^  roihjwid-hi^^ 
trade  until  ISIJT,  wlieu  lie  removed  to  Oreiron. 
Here  he  was  tor  a  time  enjfaged  in  farming,  on 
2'2(l  acres  of  laud,  located  four  miles  south  of 
I'liilomatii.  Tills  land  is  ni'ai'iy  all  ilevotiMl.to 
grain-growini^  and  geni'rnl  t'armino;,  with  about 
four  acres  <if  orchard. 

In  18'.l()  he  purohaseil  hid  ])resent  drujr  busi- 
ness, in  which  lie  has  been  vei'y  successful,  ow- 
injr  to  the  hii^h  grade  of  his  iroods,  his  thorouifh 
reliability  and  M;reat  popularity  amonir  his  fel- 
low-citizenti. 

Mr.  Davis  was  married  in  Iowa,  in  18r)8,  to 
]\riss  Mary  A.  llenkle,  a  native  of  that  State. 
Tlu>y  liave  three  ciiildren;  Ivlward  L.,  Charles 
W.  and  X'ictor. 

Politically,  Mr.  Davis  is  allied  with  the  Dem- 
ocratic party,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in 
school  matters,  beinir  an  etticieiit  member  (jf  the 
School  Board. 

He  is  one  of  the  city's  most  pro<rressivc  and 
prcnMinent  business  men,  and  enjoys  tile  respect 
and  esteem  of  the  whole  community. 

nV  1  N  \V.  II  .V  1  XES,  one  of  Forest  Grove's 
Ino^t  enterprisintr  business  men,  and  a 
member  of  the  jiopular  ij;eneral  merchati- 
dise  establishment  of  Ilaiiies  &  I'ailey.  is  a  na- 
tive of  the  State  <d'  Iowa,  where  he  was  born 
near  Iowa  Falls  on  iNovember  24,  18t)l.  His 
father.  .1.  W.  llaines.  is  a  n.ative  of  Fenusylva- 
nia,  where  he  was  born  in  1880,  and  was  i^eared 
in  Ohio.  The  family  is  of  Eniflish  e.\tra<  ion, 
but  three  oenerations  have  been  born  in  Amer- 
ica. His  father  married  Miss  liutli  K.  I.upton, 
a  native  of  Indiana,  a  daughter  of  1).  W.  liUp- 
ton.  They  had  four  children,  all  of  whom  are 
are  living.  '  >f  these  onr  subject  was  the  second 
8on. 

He  was  reared  in  Iowa  until  his  tenth  year, 
when  lie  came  with  his  father  and  familv  to 
( )regon.  Thev  located  near  Salem,  where  he  was 
edncnted.  and  later  attended  the  Pacific  Univer- 
sity. He  was  for  a  time  eni;age<l  in  the  sawmill 
business  near  Forest  Grove,  and  afterward  went 
to  Glackaiiias  county,  where  he  coutinned  in  the 
same  business  for  a  couple  of  years.  He  was 
also  engaged  for  eight  years  in  the  >sr:u\\  Imsi- 
00 


iiess  on  his  own  acconni.  In  1890  he  became 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  firm  td'  llainesife 
ISailey,  and  opened  the  general  merchandise 
store  in  Forest  Grove,  where  they  now  m\\ 
which  has  bei^n  wonderfully  successful,  exceeil- 
ing  their  great(»st  expectations.  I'.eing  a  man 
of  e,\;)erience,  Mr.  Haines  at  once  became  con - 
vincod  of  tlu!  t'utui'c  prosperity  of  Forest  (irove, 
and  accordingly  purchased  a  half-interest  in  the 
South  Park  tract,  and  with  his  partners,  Messrs. 
Keep,  has  platted  it  and  put  it  on  the  market, 
ill  which  enterprise,  as  in  everything  else,  he 
his  meeting  with  i)henomenal  success.  He  is 
also  largely  interested  in  the  liv<'rv  estalilish- 
ments  of  the  city,  holding  considerable  of  that 
stock,  lie  owns  stock  in  the  Canning  establish- 
ment and  in  the  Klectric  Light  (^)mpaMy,  also 
in  (Jales  Peak  Water  Company  anil  in  the  I'orest 
(irove  Printing  (!om]>aTiy.  lie  is  heartily 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  city,  to  the  pros- 
perity of  which  he  contributes  whenever  oppor- 
tunity affords.  His  partner  is  his  brother-in- 
law,  who  is  also  an  energetic  ami  e\j)erienced 
buiiiiu'ss  man  of  ability. 

Mr.  Haines  was  married,  in  188S.  to  .Miss 
Nettie  Shipley,  a  most  estimable  young  lady, 
and  a  diiiighter  of  M.  II.  Shipley,  a  well-known 
and  highly  re8|)ected  citizen  of  Fon^st  Gro\c. 

Our  subject  is  a  member  of  tlu^  Masonic 
fraternity,  and  Master  of  the  lodge  of  I'orest 
Grove.  He  alHIiates  with  the  Uepublicaii  ]iarty, 
the  i)rim'iples  of  which  lie  has  ailvocated  since 
113  beg  n  to  vote. 

(Certainly,  if  the  jirospcrity  of  Forest  (irove 
depends — Iik(^  the  world  on  .\tlas'  >lioulders  — 
on  her  business  men  she  is  most  safe;  f(M'  where 
intcdiigenco,  morality,  and  enterprise  are  found 
together,  they  form  a  powerful  combination,  and 
these  traits  are  abundant  among  her  citizens, 
chief  among  whom  is  Mr.  Haines. 


-=^<^^#iH®i|#»s 


^•^'l(  W.  IIAINKS,  proprietor  of  the  Kngeiie 
i1/miP  Tannery,  and  an  Oregon  pion-nT  of 
i«-^srj  *  1851,  was  born  in  Tazewell  county, 
Illinois,  ill  1828.  His  father,  .Vlficd  Haines, 
was  from  New  .lersey.  and  emigrated  to  llaniil- 
ton  county,  Ohio,  in  18011.  where  he  married 
Miss  Mary  l.eeper  and  removed  to  Illinois  about 
182()  and  went  into  farming.  ( )iir  subject  was 
brought  up  to  labor,  only  attending  the  winter 
schools  ()f  .short  duration.      He   remained    with 


'(:   ! 


1054 


HISTORY    OF    OUKnON. 


liis  pareiitB  until  1852,  when  lie  wi-iit  in  part- 
Moivlii[)  with  his  twin  lirother,  Joijcph,  mihI  llaild- 
vviiy  ('ii>iiniiiM.  Tiu'V  littt'ij  (Jilt  oiicwiii^dii  wilii 
three  yoke  of  (ixi'ii  iiml  thrci'  ciiws  uihI  slui'tcil 
for  Oi'Cf^iiii.  ^\'ith  tlie  nKiiiii  imnlsiiips  thoir 
jdurimy  pi'u>j;ri'ssi(d,  hiit  liy  their  excellent  care 
of  their  cuttle  they  rrjivi'h'il  rapiilly,  iind  aiTiveil 
at  the  Dalles  witli  their  stoeli  in  tine  eotiilition. 
Not  hnviiijr  ^utlieieiit  iiioney  to  ])ay  the  freie;lit, 
they  left  their  wiij!;iiiis  ami  drove  their  cattle 
down  the  trail  to  Linn  (•(iiiiity.  Mr.  Ilaiiies 
tli(Mi  hegan  riistliiie:,  with  lint  1(1  cents  in  his 
pocket.  I'roceedini^  to  (lorvallis,  he  spent  his 
10  cents  for  ferrying  across  the  river,  and  then 
hired  out  to  the  proprietor,  Ike  Moon,  to  cut 
conl  wood,  and  after  two  weeks  hired  the  ferry 
and  started  a  wood  yard,  furnishing  the  river 
steamer  Kaneina,  the  first  steamer  on  the 
Willamette  river,  with  fuel.  Mr.  Haines  Boon 
turned  this  over  to  his  brother,  and  he  went  to 
ri]ip(jna  county,  ciittiuf^  rails  for  Kellon;  liroth- 
ev8.  lie  reached  the  mines  in  southern  Oregon 
in  1852,  where  ho  struck  a  rich  claim,  and  in 
one  month  took  out  $1,21)0.  Heing  of  a8j)ecula 
tivc  mind  he  then  located  claims,  and  sold  out 
for  small  ])rofits.  He  then  enj^aged  in  logginir, 
choppi.ig  and  mining  until  January,  1854,  when 
he  purchased  600  apple  trei^s  at  40  cents  each, 
packed  them  on  one  liorse.and  sold  them  throuirh 
the  country  at  ti5  cents  each,  reali/iiie;  $150 
for  one  week's  work.  In  the  year  1853  he  had 
Bhip|)ed  f"om  Pekin.  Illinois,  by  sailing  vessel 
around  Cape  Horn,  two  Haines  reapers,  the  first 
in  the  country.  In  the  spring  of  1854  he  began 
work  in  the  tannery  of  \m\-i  Kent,  at  Hcottsbiirg 
until  the  arrival  of  his  reapers,  when  lie  >et  one 
up  and  operated  through  harvest  in  Yam  Hill 
county,  then  sold  out  and  returned  to  the  tan- 
nery, where  he  became  master  of  the  business, 
and  in  1858  bought  the  plant  ancl  property, 
which  he  operated  until  1874,  when  the  town 
became  so  dejiopulated  that  investments  lost 
their  value,  and  he  suffered  a  heavy  loss.  (le 
came  to  Eugene  in  1874 and  rcnt(>d  the  old  tan- 
nery, which  he  op(,'rated  about  iive  yt'ars,  and 
then  built  his  presiMit  establishment  and  in 
j)artiiership  with  his  son,  .fonathan,  continued 
the  business  under  the  name  of  W.  W  Haines 
&  Co.  The  capacity  of  the  tannery  is  fiOO 
hides  per  month,  all  leather  being  hemlock 
tanne<l;  the  saddle  leather  all  goes  to  A.  (". 
Nichols  it  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  and  the  collar 
leather  to  the  harness  manufacturers  of  Port- 
land,    The  product  of   tlm   t^n'mry  is  highly 


considered  in  the  market  and  finds  ready  sale, 
the  work  being  honestly  performed,  and  all 
leather  carefully  graded  'and  guaranteed.  Mr. 
IJaines  owns  120  acres  of  timber  land  and  lOO 
acres  of  farm  land  near  i5rownsvill(>,  beside 
valuable  property  in  Hiigene. 

He  was  married  in  Linn  (loimty  in  .laniiary, 
1857,  to  Miss  Mary  lilain,  daughter  of  Samuel 
lilain,  a  pioneer  of  I85ii.  They  have  seven 
children,  namely:  (^rcelia,  now  Mrs.  (irant 
Tompson;  .lomithan;  .lessie,  now  Mrs.  H.  Mar- 
tin: Charles,  Belle,  liehecca  and  Mary.  Mr. 
Haines  has  always  been  devoted  to  business  and 
his  success  is  the  just  reward  of  persevcriiicr 
industry  hotiestly  performed. 


fll.  DkFOKCK,  manufacturer  of  fi^ll  oil 
at  Astoria,  was  iiorn  in  Ilamiltoii  county, 
<*  Xew  Vork,  in  1841.  His  |iarent8  Diiteo 
and  Marian  (Brown)  Do  l'"orcc  were  natives  of 
the  same  State,  descended  from  French  and 
Scotch  auct^stry,  who  emigrated  to  .Vmerica  in 
the  Seventeenth  century.  The  father  was  a  inill- 
or  by  trade,  but  pursued  farming  as  an  occu- 
pation, removing  to  Warren  county,  Pennsyb 
vania  in  1S54,  whore  he  continued  agricultural 
pursuits  throughout  his  life. 

Here  otir  Bubjoct  was  reared,  receiving  his 
education  in  the  schools  of  that  vicinity,  and 
assisting  his  father  on  the  farm.  I'pon  reaching 
his  majority  he  began  supporting  himself,  goinop 
to  the  oil  region  of  I'ennsylvania,  locating  at 
Tidiout(<,  where  he  was  eiii|)loyed  by  .lohn 
I'orter,  who  owned  a  small  retinerv.  Here  he 
remained  for  four  years,  learning  the  process  of 
retining  crude  petroleum.  In  18()()  he  went  to 
theoil  districts  of  Ritchie  county,  West  Virginia, 
and  there  bored  and  operated  a  series  of  wells, 
the  most  productive  one.  at  the  depth  of  HOO 
feet,  flowed  300  barrels  of  lubricating  oil  per  day. 
As  the  How  lesseneil  the  well  was  bored  to  the 
depth  of  1,000  feet,  and  the  How  then  increased 
to  1.200  barrels  per  day.  In  1873  he  sold  his 
wells  and  engaged  as  superintendent  of  the  main 
division  of  the  Relief  Pipe  Company,  extemling 
from  Millerstown  to  Brady's  Bond,  I'einaining 
in  this  ciipaeity  until  1875,  when  he  came  to 
Astoria,  Oregon.  Here  he  was  engaged  as  a 
mechanic  for  three  years  in  iilacint;  steaiiiHttinn-s 
in  the  Salmon  canneries  about  Astoria,  and  was 
Mills  led   into  the  manufacture  of  tish  oil  from 


.■iL-  .Ll,"..t:  -Uh/J 


niSTOHY    OF    OllKOOy. 


WM 


tilt'  rofiis((  ffoiii  tlio  canneries.  Tlieiv  weiv 
BoviTiil  (liT  fuctories  alidut  tlio  river,  but  none 
[iroved  a  Kiiccceg  niitil  Mr.  I)e  Force  brmifjlit 
iiin  more  cxtendeil  cxpcrit'iice  to  l)ear  upon  tlie 
procei-s.  which  by  e\perinient  lie  has  brouoht  to 
a  state  of  perfection,  nuriuifactnriiiir  a  line,  clear 
nil  tor  luiiricatiiii^  piirjioseH.  lie  also  niann- 
t'actnres  a  tisli  guano,  wliicli  is  valua'ple  a.-i  a 
fertilizer.  As  the  canning  season  dous  not  ex- 
ceed four  months  and  lie  depends  entirely  upon 
the  canneries  for  his  cm  ie  product,  the  season 
for  iiianafactiirintr  is  very  short.  The  annual 
ontinit  of  the  factory  averaijos  2,bW  <£allonrt  of 

•111  '  O  '  r^ 

oil  and  al)Ou„  thirty-live  tons  of  irnaiio. 

He  was  married  in  Warren  coniitv.  I'emisvl- 
vaiiia,  in  1804,  to  .Miss  Sarah  (Jeorge,  a  native 
Ohio.  They  'lave  three  children;  Charles  E., 
Elton  C  and  Don. 


-^i^^^Bi 


'^ 


J^KXRY  FAILIN(i,  an  eminent  financier 
%m\  '^f  t'"'  .Northwest,  and  president  of  the 
"■^^  First  National  liaiik  of  Portland,  is  a  na- 
tive of  New  York  city,  where  ho  was  born  on 
January  17,  18:J4:.  ifis  father,  Josiali  Failing, 
for  many  years  an  honored  citizen  and  pioneer 
business  man  of  this  city,  was  a  native  of  Mont- 
gomery county.  .\ew  York,  where  he  was  born 
on  July  y,  180().  When  a  young  man  he  re 
moved  to  New  York  city,  where  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Henrietta  Ellison.  In  1851  he  came 
with  his  family  to  Portland,  ( )regon,  where  he 
was  successfully  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
until  18(54,  when  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness, leax  ing  his  interests  in  the  hands  of  his 
son,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  wdio  had  been 
Ids  partner  since  the  foundinj^  of  the  firm  of  J. 
Failing  &  Co.,  in  ls.")l.  I'pon  .\Ir.  Josiali  Fail- 
lug's  arrival  in  the  riew  city,  he  bitcame  identi- 
fied with  the  interests  of  the  future  metrop(di8. 
In  1853  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  the  city,  do- 
ing much  during  his  term  of  <itKce  to  give  a 
proper  start  to  the  city's  affairs,  thus  Ijeing 
largely  instriiineiital  in  shaping  its  future  sue 
cesB.  He  took  apersonal  interest  in  educational 
matters,  and  was  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
;  iiblic  schools,  to  the  establishiiieiit  and  manag- 
ineut  of  which  he  devoted  his  most  strenuous 
efforts,  and  their  present  high  excellence  may 
be  largely  attributed  to  his  wise  and  timely 
guidance.    In  jiolitics  he  was  an  enthusiastic  Ue- 

fublican.  and  was  a  delea;ate  to  the    National 
'onvention  which  nomiiiatei)  President  Lincoln 


for  a  second  term,  and  was  also  a  ilelrgiite  to 
tli(>  convention  which  nominated  (ieneral  (iriint. 
He  was  a  worthy  and  devoted  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  being  the  first  to  join  it  when 
it  was  organized,  an<l  was  always  liberal  and 
tiriii  in  its  sujiport.  Fi'oiii  tlietime  of  his  re- 
tirement from  business  until  his  death,  which 
occurii'd  ill  ISTT,  his  time  and  enerines  were 
largtdy  devoted  to  religious  and  ])hilanlliropic 
work,  and  his  ai<l  and  encoiiragcmeiil  were 
freely  gi\en  to  all  projects,  which  had  for  their 
object  the  welfare  of  his  fellow-men.  He  was 
ill  many  respects  a  model  citizen,  and  has  left 
for  tin- guide  and  emulation  of  his  children  ami 
friends  a  great  and  good  example  of  life,  which 
was  both  helpful  and  iienevolent. 

Ileiiry  Failing,  our  subject,  was  sent  to  the 
public  schools  ill  his  native  city  of  New  York, 
and  at  the  age  of  twelve  entered  a  French  im- 
porting and  shijiping  house.  Two  years  later, 
lie  entered  the  employ  of  Hno,  Mahony  iV:  Co., 
which  was  one  of  the  largest  wholesale  dry- 
goods  houses  in  the  city.  Here  he  remaineil 
until  1851.  when  he  cauKi  with  his  father  to 
Portland,  where  he  engaged  with  his  father  in 
a  general  mercantile  business.  Portland  was 
then  a  town  of  500  or  (iOO  inhabitants.  ;\fter 
his  father's  retirement,  in  18(54,  until  1871, 
Mr.  Failing  conducted  the  business  alon(>.  In 
18(58  he  began  to  restrict  the  business  exclusive- 
ly to  liardwiire  and  iron  supplies.  In  1871  Mr. 
Henry  W.  Corbett  became  associated  with  Mr. 
Failing,  under  the  tiriii  name  of  (^orbett.  Fail- 
ing &  Co.,  which,  bi'sides  the  principals  named, 
now  consists  of  the  younger  brothers  of  Mr. 
Failing,  Edward  and  James  F.  The  firm  does 
a  wholesale  business,  which  has  grown  to  be 
the  largest  in  its  lino  in   the   Northwest. 

In  1869  Mr.  Failing  and  Mr.  Corbett  pur- 
chased nearly  all  the  stock  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  which  was  the  first  bank  establisluul  in 
Oregon  under  the  National  Banking  .\ct,it  being 
also  for  a  number  of  years  the  only  bank  west 
of  the  Kocky  inotiiitainB.  Fiider  their  man- 
agement, guided  by  Mr.  l''ailing's  unerring 
judgment  as  ]>resi(ient,  it  became  remarkably 
prosperous,  and  is  now  (1892)  the  leading 
oankiiig  house  of  the  Nortliwest.  Its  capital 
stock  in  18(59  was  $100,000;  shortly  afterward 
it  was  increased  to  $250,000,  and  since  then  it 
has  been  again  increascil,  this  time  to  8500,0(10, 
with  a  surplus  of  $(550,000.  Since  be(  oming 
interebtcd  in  this  bank,  Mr.  Failing's  time  has 
been  principally  devotpil  to  tlnnncial  affairs,  in 


' 


i 


lonn 


niSTOUY    OF    OKEOOir. 


wliicii  he  Im8  slmwii  liiiiiKclf  to  possess  tliu 
higliest  order  <.<[  aliilily.  lie  lias  also  been 
largely  iiiterestc(l  in  real  estate,  iMitii  in  and 
aroiin<l  tlie  city  of   I'drtlatid. 

He  wa>  married  on  ()cti)i)L'r  21,  ISoS,  to  Miss 
Kniily  I'lieliis  Corliett.  sister  of  Hon.  H.  W. 
Corbett.  Tliey  iiad  tliree  daM;;iiters,  all  liorn  in 
I'ortland.  li.  1870  lie  had  the  nii^-fcirtwne  to 
l.os(!  his  wife,  who  was  a  lady  ol'  education  and 
refinement,  with  iiMiny  intellectnal  and  [tersonal 
charms,  and  who  was  helovcd  and  lamented  by 
her  family  and  ii  larfrc  circle  of  friends.  Mr. 
Failing  rosideei  with  his  daughters  in  their 
handsome  an<l  commiidinns  residence  on  Fifth 
street,  between  Salmon  and  'I'aylor,  the  grounds 
occupying  the  whcile  of  the  block.  The  house 
suggests  comfort  ami  retinement,  while  the 
grounds  ant  tastefully  an<l  attractively  laid 
out. 

Politically,  Mr.  Failing  has  always  been  a 
lic])ublicaii,  Iiavingbeen  a  voter  when  the  great 
party  was  organized.  Yet,  while  in  State  and 
National  matters,  he  nujy  be  said  to  bo  a  ])arty 
man,  in  local  afl'airs  he  has  always  been  inde- 
pendent, acting  on  the  princiiile  that  all  good 
citizens  shoiilil  unite  in  selectino;  the  best  man 
without  so  much  regard  to  jiarty  attiliations. 
To  this  well-known  position  <if  his  is  to  be  at- 
tributed his  strong  (candidacy  for  Mayor  of  the 
city  on  the  Citizens'  ticket  of  18(54,  at  the  time 
when  they  desirecl  to  emanci])ate  the  (;ity  from 
the  rnhi  of  politicians.  At  the  earnest  solicita- 
tion of  his  many  friends,  he  reluctantly  per- 
mitted his  name  to  be  used,  and  was  enthusiasti- 
cally (dected.  He  carried  into  the  conduct 
of  miinicipidail'airs  the  same  strict  business  meth- 
ods used  in  the  management  of  his  many  busi- 
ness interests,  and  satisfactorily  demonstrated 
their  ajiplicability.  During  his  administration, 
ft  new  city  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Legis- 
latiirt',  and  a  system  of  street  improvements 
and  sewerage  was  inaugurated.  His  adminis- 
tration was  heartily  indorsed  by  all  of  the  best 
citizens,  as  was  c\  idenced  by  his  almost  unani- 
mous re-election,  in  1805,  for  a  term  of  two 
years.  In  1875  he  was  again  elected  Mayor, 
serving  the  people  as  before,  in  a  highly  -^'lis- 
factory  manner.  Since  then  he  has  taken  no 
active  part  in  local  politics,  other  than  that  re- 
(juired  of  a  |)rivatt«  citi/.en  who  ha;-  the  welfare 
of  his  city  at  heart.  Under  the  J.egislative  act 
of  1886,  ho  was  made  a  member  of  the  Water 
Ciuiimitteo  of  the  city,  and  has  since  served  as 
('Imirinan  of  that  Conimittee.     This  body  pur- 


chased and  enlarged  the  old  water- works.  It  is 
empowered,  however,  and  now  has  plans  under 
way,  for  the  construction  of  a  new  water  system, 
which  will  tnei^t  more  fully  the  demands  of  a 
constantly  growing  city.  Like  his  father,  Mr. 
!'"ailing  lia>  always  taken  active  inUd'est  in  edu- 
cational matters,  ami  was  for  a  number  of  years 
a  liegent  of  the  State  University,  to  which  ollico 
he  was  first  ap|)ointed  by  (i.)vernor  TliaycM",  and 
atterward  reappointeil  by  Governor  Moody. 
He  is  also  a  Trustee  of  the  Deaf  Mute  S(diool, 
at  Salem,  and  Trustee  and  Tntasurer  of  the 
Children's  Home,  and  also  Trustee  and  Treas- 
urer of  the   Library   Association. 

Mr.  Failing  has  been  for  forty-one  years 
actively  engaged  in  business  in  thocity  of  Port- 
land, and  during  all  this  time  has  been  an  assid- 
uous worker,  and  owing  to  his  eminent  finan-. 
eial  ability,  his  efforts  have  been  successful  in 
the  highest  degree.  Tenuiorate  in  all  things, 
he  is  today,  notwithstanding  his  many  years  of 
mental  and  bodily  labor,  still  a  strong,  young- 
looking  man,  a  re[)resentative  of  what  we  W(Uild 
like  to  have  all  our  American  citizens  become, 
but,  alas!  to((  few  aspire  to  emulate  suclicxalted 
examples,  while  still  fewer  succeed  in  attaining 
the  goal  of  their  commendable  ambition. 


-'^•■^3-;^ 


f^LHERT    .1.  GOODBllOD,    a    very   well- 
[b   known  resitlent  of  rnion,  Union  county. 


J*  Oregon,  was  born  in  Germany,  luibruary 
l,*7,  1844.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
wlien  he  was  very  small.  His  mother  died  when 
he  was  a  small  boy,  and  thus  Albert  w,is  thrown 
u|)on  the  world  to  tight  tlut  battle  of  life  as  his 
voung  and  inexperienced  judgment  might  dic- 
tate, lie  had  sonu)  limited  school  advantages 
during  hi>  youth,  and  improved  every  oppor- 
tunity with  advantage  to  himself.  At  an  early 
age  he  chose  the  bakery  trade,  in  which  he  be- 
came j)roficieiit  in  all  its  details,  which  he  fol- 
lowed at  Xewark,  New  Jersey,  until  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion  was  begun,  when  he  enlisted  as  a 
T)rivate  in  Company  U,  Scott's  Nine  Hundred, 
First  United  States  Cavalry.  He  started  to  the 
front  frotn  Staten  Island,  ami  went  to  Washing- 
ton, District  of  Columbia.  After  serving  two 
years  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  New  Orleans,  where  it  was 
changeil  to  the  Eleventh  New  York  Cpvalry. 


UlStOIlY    OF   OUKGOS. 


lost 


Mr.  (inuillji'oil  Wii-  ill  soveiiil  skiniiitilKs  in 
Maryliiiui,  from  Mmlily  Hi'iiiich  to  IIurpi'r'H 
Kerry,  was  iil-o  iit  tlio  liiittle  of  I.cfsliiir;;,  tlio 
.--fCoiKl  liattloof  Hull  Itiiii,  and  at  Fairfax  IJoiirt- 
Ilousn.wliero.oii  Jmu'  27,18('i;J.  the  riiioiiariniiia 
foiiirlit  the  (JoiiteiiiMatc  (Jciieiala,  lifu,  Stewart, 
ami  Stoiiuwall  .laclcson.  At  this  place  lio  was 
iiiifortmiatc  enough  to  lie  woiiinleil  Ity  a  iiiiiiie 
iiail,  wiiicii  liroke  the  fourth  joint  of  his  i);ick 
iioiie,  leading  a  iiolo  tliree  ineiies  in  diameter, 
wliich  he  carries  to  this  day.  This  wound  kept 
him  in  tlie  hospital  for  seven  inonths,  at'tor  whieli 
he  joined  his  regiment,  and  went  to  New  Or- 
leans. From  New  ( )rlean8  ho  went  to  Carleton, 
and  from  tliere  to  I5atoii  Kongo.  The  fall  of 
18lit,  in  lionisiana.  in  a  skirmish  at  Liberty. 
Mr.  (Joodhrod  was  again  wonnded.and  later  on, 
at  Brook  Haven  I'eceived  a  severe  wound  in  the 
head  t'roinasaber  cut  while  in  a  hand,  to,  hand  con- 
tlict  with  the  lebels.  This  wound,  however,  did 
notdisaljlehiin,  l)Uttlie  sear  he  still  carries.  After 
this  he  went  to  J'aton  Uoiij^e.  He  then  oijtained 
a  furlough  of  sixty  days,  which  he  enjoyed  at 
home,  at  the  cx|)iratioii  of  which  he  rejoined 
his  regiment  at  .Memphis.  Tennessee,  where  it 
was  engfti^ed  in  guarding  between  seventy  and 
1' 0  miles  of  railroad,  but  was  afterward  sent  to 
(ierniantown,  where  they  were  at  the  time  of 
the  surrender  of  (ieneral  Lee,  and  where  they 
remained  several  months,  until  they  were  sent 
to  Albany,  New  ^"ork,  where  they  received  their 
discharge. 

Mr.  (Joodbrod  served  at  Hull  llun  under 
General  McDowell,  at  lieesbiirg  under  (ieneral 
Wadsworth,  in  ISlississippi  under  General  Banks, 
and  under  (ieneral  Thomas  in  Tennessee.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  (ioodbrod  returned 
home,  jirobably  not  dreaming  or  realizing  that 
the  battle  of  life  had  just  luigun.  lie  made  his 
Wfiy  to  San  Francisco,  California,  from  which 
place,  in  company  with  live  others,  he  started  for 
Silver  C'ity,  Idaho,  which  place  was  then  the 
center  of  attraction  tor  all  gold-seekers.  The 
thought  of  being  able  to  dig  gold  in  large  ipian- 
tities  from  the  earth  inspired  the  then  inex- 
perienced pilgrims  with  the  nerve  to  face  and 
tight  nil  hardships  and  obstacles  that  might  con- 
front them.  While  en  route,  and  in  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  they  were  at- 
tacked by  a  large  iiuinber  of  Indians,  but  made 
their  escape  through  a  deep  ('anon.  .\  few  days 
later  they  were  overtaken  l)y  a  band  of  Ciiina- 
nion  at  Dry  creek,  where  there  was  but  little 
water,  not  enough  hardly  for  the  little  company 


of  si\,s(i  the  (jliinamen  wert^  asked  to  proceed, 
which  they  did,  going  on  lo  <  >wyliee  river,  whore 
they  were  attacktMl  by  tlu!  Indians  and  w<'ro  all 
killed  (forty  in  number)  e.xcept  (Uie,  who  some 
way  made  his  escape.  After  a  hard  light  with 
Big  Foot  Chief  and  his  band,  at  ihe  mouth  of 
Crow  creek,  the  little  ])arty  arrived  at  their  des- 
tination .News  came  to  Silver  City  that  In- 
dians Were  committing  depredations  on  the 
luu'tli  fork  of  the  Owyhee,  known  as  Battle 
creek,  and  upon  a  call  for  volunteers,  thirty- 
eight  men  from  Silver  (>ity,  among  them  Mr. 
(ioodbrod  vdliinteered,  under  Gajitain  Jennings, 
to  render  assistance  to  the  settlers.  The  coin- 
iiany  followed  up  the  north  fork  of  th(<  Owyhee, 
where  they  wi're  surrounded  by  alioiit  ■100  In- 
dians in  a  deep  canon,  but  inade  a  successful 
break  through  the  Imlian  line,  losing  two  men 
and  s'jveral  horses.  Going  on  to  the  front,  the 
party  came  to  a  spring,  where  they  were  again 
surrounded  by  about  MOO  of  the  reij  skins,  ind 
were  held  for  several  days.  The  guides,  .iim 
Becbu,  David  i'icket,  and  Archie  Mcintosh,  a 
half-breed,  managed  to  make  their  eseaiie 
through  the  Indian  line--,  by  tying  sage  brush  all 
over  Iheni,  and  going  (uit  oiuMlark  night.  One 
of  the  guides  went  to  (>amp  l^yons,  one  to 
Flint,  and  (uie  to  Silver  ('ity,  lor  as6ist'"ice  to 
relieve  the  iin|irisoned  men.  Three  days  later 
the  Indians  liegaii  to  disperse,  wdiicli  was  the 
first  tidings  they  had  had  of  the  guides;  it  be- 
ing evident  that  they  had  been  successful  in 
getting  through  the  lines.  Assistance  soon  ar- 
rivi'd,  which  averted  what  would  othervvisi!  have 
been  a  bloody  massacre. 

Mr.  (ioodbrod  remained  in  Silver  (!ity  until 
187:2,  and  then  came*  to  (ir:inde  Uonde  v.illi'y. 
lie  has  since  lived  at  Walla  Walla.  Washington, 
and  other  points  along  the  then  stage  route  fr(jni 
Boise  (Jity,  Idaho,  to  the  Dalles,  in  Oregon. 
He  was  for  a  while  engaged  in  farming  near 
I'nioii,  Oregon,  was  there  three  time  electeil 
Marshal  of  the  city,  which  otHce  he  filled  with 
credit  to  himself  and  benetit  to  the  city.  As 
an  officer,  he  was  a  terror  to  evildoer.^.  In 
1887  he  purchased  the  Gentenuial  Hotel,  in 
Union,  which  he  continued  to  manage  until  the 
summer  of  1>>!)2.  His  manner  of  c.omluctiiig 
the  house  has  given  it  a  name,  of  which  he  may 
well  feel  jn'oud.  It  was  considered  otie  of  the 
best  between    I'ortland  and  Salt  Bake  (Jify. 

In  18'J0  Mr.  (ioodbrod  was  united  in  iiiar- 
riaiTc  to  Miss  Louisa  Shnemakei'.  an  ( 'regon-borri 
lady,  belonging  to  one  of  the  best  families  of  the 


m 


w 
I- 


10.18 


ll/.HT(llir    oh'    OliUdihW 


St.lltO.        Till!     Illlidll     llllH   Ix'fll      lllcSHL'll     Witll      OIK* 

son,  Ucorifo  /vlljui't,  liorn  ()ct()l)ei'  17,  IH'Jl. 
Mr.  ( ioodlirod  liiis  liocii  Biuicosufiil  in  l)U8iiie8H, 
uiid  hikd  at  all  tiiiioB  ixHtii  lilicriil  liumiccl  towai'd 
all  mattiM'rt  of  a  piihlic  orriiaritaMo  nature.  lie 
in  a  man  that,  never  was  contunteil  to  lu;  idle, 
lie  is  the  owner  of  one  of  the  nici'st  rc-fidenccs 
in  the  city,  toi^ethcr  with  a  tract  of  liftcfM  acres, 
which  he  takes  ^reat  pride  in  kee|iino;  in  tine 
condition.  He  is  a  vahieil  nieniher  of  the  (f. 
A.  K.,  Levi  I*.  Morton  Post,  at  La(irande,  Ore- 
gon, of  which  he  is  now  .1.  V.  (!oniinandcr.  lie 
lias  also  been  CJoniinandor  of  I'restoii  I'ost,  No. 
18,  at  Union,  lie  takes  a  great  and  active  in- 
fererit  in  the  (}.  A.  U.  organization,  and  on  last 
l)ecoratioi\  day  presented  Levi  I'.  Moi'ton  I'ost 
u  itii  a  tine  llaj;,  ap|)ro|)riately  inserihed  with  the 
name  and  niiiiiiier  of  the  I'ost.  The  presenta- 
tion sp'^cch  was  one  of  the  |)leaKaiitest  features 
ofj^the  affair,  and  the  ^ift  was  highly  a])preciated 
hy  Jhis  comrades,  who  well  knew  how  bravely 
his  lioiiors  were  won  in  the  war  of  the  Uebellion. 
Politically,  he  is  a  Ue[)nblican;  such  a  brave 
soldier  could  not  be  otherwise.  He  is  also  an 
Odd  Fellow,  and  lied  Man,  in  which  orders  he 
holds  otHees.  lie  is  a  man  that  enjoys  the  re- 
spect and  esteem  of  his  fellow- men,  and  is  a 
valnaiile  nieini)er  of  society. 


fAMP:S  FAWK  came  to  Orcfron  in  1851. 
He  was  bt'i'ii  in  England,  Hertfordshire, 
September  11,  18]t>.  His  parents  were 
William  and  Mary(15ond)  Fawk.  both  well-to- 
do  Enirlish  people  and  iiieinberB  of  the  Estab- 
lished CInircli.  Our  subject  was  the  yoiinirest 
child  of  the  family.  He  was  educated  in  liis 
native  country,  and  in  1842  emigrated  (o  the 
United  States,  to  make  a  home  in  the  new  world, 
under  the  protection  of  the  "stars  and  stripes." 
He  spent  a  short  time  in  New  *  )rleans,  and  then 
went  to  Adams  county,  Illinois,  where  lie  rented 
land  and  remained  seven  years.  In  1851  he 
started  across  the  plains,  with  oxen,  to  (Jregoii. 
He  joined  a  large  conijiany.  part  of  whom  went 
to  California.  The  triji  consumed  over  five 
months,  but  only  one  ileatli  occurred.  Tlu^y 
were  in  danifcr  from  the  Indians,  and  had  to 
keep  a  very  alert  guard  while  pusliintr  throuirh 
the  country  of  the  Snake,  etc.,  Indians.  Upon 
his  arrival  in  Oregon,  Air.  Eawk  remained  a 
month  in  Portland,  Oregon,  then  a  very  small 
hamlet,  and  then  came  to  Polk  county,  and 
took  uj)  a   donation  claim   on  Salt  creek,  in  the 


Applegatct  neic^liborbood.  He  obtained  itIiO 
acres  of  land,  built  a  small  log  house,  and  began 
life  as  an  Oregon  pioneer.  This  projierty  is 
still  owned  by  Mr.  Kawk.  He  li\fd  on  it 
twelve  years,  and  then  puridiapod  a  ([inirter-soc- 
tion  of  land  at  ( )ak  (trove,  which  he  built  on  and 
iniprovi'd,  residing  there  ten  years,  lie  then 
purchased  140  acres  on  the  Salem  road,  live 
miles  west  of  Salem;  be  lias  built  a  nice 
li(uiie  on  this  |)rope]tv.  Mr.  Fawk  has  carried 
on  i'eiieral  fariiiiiiii  and  stoek-raisirn'.  lie  has 
taken  an  interest  in  ini|)roving  the  roads  in  the 
vicinity,  and  has  also  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
the  educati(mal  matters  of  his  district,  and  has 
contributed  land  for  schoolhouses  and  churclies. 
feeling  that  both  are  essential  to  the  well-'.ieing 
and  prosperity  of  the  county. 

Our  subject  was  married  before  starting  for 
America,  in  1886,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Kobinson, 
a  native  of  Bristle,  England.  Two  children  were 
born  in  Illinois,  dolin  and  Mary,  the  former  of 
whom  is  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  James  Hridwoll, 
and  they  reside  on  the  farm,  two  miles  south- 
east of  Dallas;  John  is  married,  and  resides  on 
the  farm  his  father  gave  him.  liesides  these 
children,  two  other  sons  were  added  to  the  fam- 
ily in  Oregon:  Henry  is  marrii^i,  and  also 
lias  a  farm  given  liiin  by  his  father,  although 
he  spends  ])art  of  his  ;'-ne  with  bis  jiarents,  as 
he  operates  his  father's  farm  for  him;  Wallace, 
the  youngest  son,  has  the  farm  at  Oak  Grove. 

At  their  pleasant  home,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fawk 
are  enjoying  the  fruits  of  their  laliors,  sur 
rounded  by  every  comfort.  They  were  reare(l  in 
the  fiiith  of  the  Established  Church  of  England, 
and  are  faithful  adherents  to  the  '-faith  of  their 
forefathers."  Mrs.  Fawk  has  proven  herself  one 
of  the  worthy  pioneer  women  of  ( )regon.  In 
all  of  her  husband's  enterprises  she  has  aided 
him,  giving  him  eiicourageiiient  when  needed, 
and  praise  when  deserved.  P)Oth  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Fawk  are  worthy  members  of  society,  and  richly 
deserve  their  success.  They  enjoy  the  esteem 
and  respect  of  a  large  circle  of  friends  in  all 
parts  of  the  county. 

ILI.IAH  FENTO.V,  a  prominent  and  suc- 
cessful jeweler  of  Weston.  Umatilla  coun- 
ty, Oregon,  was  born  in  (iascoiiade,  April 
1,  185ii,  and  is  the  oldest  son  of  five  children, 
born  to  (i.  W.  and  Louisa  Fenton,  nee  Mattock. 
The  father  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  ami  his  wife 
of  Tennessee,     Thev  moved  to  jMissouri  at  an 


HtSTdllY    i>F    (lUhUWS. 


WW) 


early  iliiy,  mill  Mr.  Fiiiitnii  clio-o  muiliciiif  in  liin 
|(ripfnK.sioii,  wliicli  li('  liiis  l'ullo\v(i>l  fur  forty 
ytmrs.  Ho  now  resideH  in  N'oriioii  comity,  Min- 
Hoiiri,  and  follows  the  nnictico  of  iiit'ilicine,  iit 
tlic  ai.r()  of  sixty  iiinp.  tlin  wife  is  still  liviii;,'. 
anil  fliey  arc  fort  iiniite  in  not  liii\  inj^  Inui  a  sini^lc 
ileatli  in  their  I'aniily,  iih  yet. 

I'.lij.'ili  attemlcil  the  cdniinnii  scIkhiIs  of  hi^ 
eoiinly  until  cii^'htri'ii  years  of  aire,  when  he 
Ipcgaii  life  for  hiuiself.  lie  served  an  a|)]iren- 
ticeship  in  watchinakiiii.j  and  ei\  il-cn^ineerinj,'. 
and  al.so  learned  to  work  in  wood,  bo  he  is  for- 
tunate enouj;li  to  iiavo  several  trades  at  hi8 
finger  tips.  lie  can  make  anything'  from  a 
watch  to  a  waj^on  or  plow,  as  he  n\>n  worked  at 
the  hlacksniith  and  wheelwright  trade. 

In  l^Sl  he  came  to  Oi'Ci^'on,  and  settled  in 
the  Willow  valley,  where  he  remained  tliiec 
ytiars,  workiiio;  at  his  traile.  lie  theii  removed 
to  Milton,  where  he  met  with  an  accident,  and 
was  hurt,  and  lost  all  his  projierty.  lie  then 
moved  to  Weston  and  commenced  anew,  and  is 
now  rnnnino;  a  wagon-shop  and  jewelry  husiness. 
He  lia>  been  ohiifred  to  make  two  starts  in  life, 
hut  now  has  a  very  coinfoitahle  home,  where 
he  and  his  family  reside.  As  ho  is  a  g<Mjd 
niechanic  he  will  soon  he  in  good  circumstances, 
if  his  health  will  only  >tand  the  strain. 

Ho  was  married  to  Miss  Arniilda  Norris,  a 
native  of  Indiana,  who  ca?ne  to  Oregon  with 
her  jiareiits  in  1H82.  Her  father,  H.  Norris, 
was  drowned  in  Snake  river,  on  the  journey ;  her 
mother  is  still  living.  Mr.  and  Mi's.  Fentoii 
have  three  children,  namely:  l''.lnier,  Clintie  and 
Harmon.  Mr.  I'Vnton  is  a  memherof  the  K.  of 
J',  of  Weston,  and  is  a  highly  respected  citizen. 

lOUTHKKX  OKIiiiON  LUMI'.EU  and 
MANrFA(;TURIN(i  COMPANY,  of 
(irant's  Pass.  Oregon,  dealers  iti  sugar 
anil  yellow  pine  Inniher,  8a^h.  doors,  shingles, 
lath,  moldings,  mill  work,  in  all  its  branches, 
and  fruit  bo.xes,  was  established  and  incorpor- 
ated in  the  spring  of  IS'JI.  They  are  the  suc- 
cessors to  W.  (i.  (iilhert  &  Co.  The  follow- 
ing gentlemen  arc  the  otiicers  of  the  company: 
Alexander  llnrgess,  president;  »W.  H.  (lil- 
bert,  vice-nresideiit  and  ifcueial  inanae-er;  .1. 
A.  iJlair,  secretary  and  treasurer.  The  factory 
is  operated  by  steam  |)ower.  and  einyloys  fifteen 
skilled  workmen  and  laborers,  and  does  an  exten- 
sive biisiness  as  far  south  as  Fresno,  California, 


where   they  do  a  large  trade  in   lliu  line  ol  rniit 
lio\e>.     The  conipatiy  also  owns   mill    iiroperty 


a  finv  miles  Miiith  of  < irant's  I'ass,  which   lias  ii 
capacity  of  from  ir),(K)()  to  '.id.Odd  feet  of  luiii 
ber   daily.     The    company    does    a    large    local 
busille^s  in  general  bull  ling  material. 

W.  II.  (iilbert,  \  ice  prci-ident  of  the  linn  is  a 
native  of  Wyniiiing,  and  was  born  in  the  citv  of 
Auburn,  March  :i:f,  iMoCi.  His  parent.-.,  Moses 
and  Martha  (I'nlnam)  (Iilbert,  wer(!  Imth  born 
ill  the  Kinpire  State,  of  which  the  former  is 
now  deceased.  His  alicestilrs  were  among  the 
early  settlers  of  Connecticut. 

The  subject  is  the  fifth  born  in  a  family  of 
eight  (diildreti.  He  was  leaned  to  farm  life,  and 
received  his  education  in  the,  town  of  his  birth. 
Hewent  to  CJalil'ornia  in  1ST7,  locating  at  Teha- 
ma, where  he  engaged  in  the  lloiir mill  lMi>iness, 
subseijuently  removing  to  \'irgiiiia  City,  Ne- 
vada, where  he  became  a  coinmission  dealer  in 
the  hide  and  wool  tratlici  for  about  three  yi^ars. 
He  located  at  Ashland  some  six  years  ago,  and 
his  family  still  lives  there.  He  owns  live  acres 
of  fruit  land  adjoining  the  city  of  Ashland, 
where  he  raised  jirumvand  pears. 

He  was  married  in  .Vshlaud  .Vjiril  15,  188(5,  to 
Cora  Kggleston,  a  native  of  New  York.  They 
have  two  children:  Lewis  K.  and  Willie  H.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  (Gilbert  are  worthy  pi'ojile,  and  are 
highly  respected  by  all  who  know  them. 


-*t< 


•m'<®^^>^ 


tS.  ri']RKINS.  proprietor  of  the  I'erkins 
House,  of  Portland,  an  (estimable  man 
"*  and  inlliiential  citizen  of  the  melro|)oliB, 
is  a  native  of  Hristol,  Kngland,  wluu'o  lie  was 
horn  I'ebruary  4,  ls:iO.  His  father  was  one 
of  the  prominent  wlnilesale  butchers  and  cattle 
dealers  of  l!ristol,an  honest  and  deserving  man, 
highly  resjiected  by  all  who  knew  him.  li.  S. 
Perkins  was  educated  at  the  boys'  school,  near 
liristol,  after  which  lie  entered  his  father's  es- 
tablishment, studying  there  the  process  of 
butchering,  in  which  he  afterward  became  very 
skillfiil.  In  1851  he  emigrated  to  tlm  United 
States,  first  locating  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where 
he  was  employed  by  the  large  establishment  of 
Stedman  brothers.  In  the  fall  he  went  to 
Toledo,  where  he  was  em])loyed  through  the 
packing  season  by  Howard  i\;  \Valker.  Passing 
the  winter  at  Worcester,  Ohio,  he  started  in 
.\pril.  I'iij'.i,  across  the  plains  fur  ()iegon.  driv- 


'i'i. 


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Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


o^ 


1, 


1060 


lirsTOIiY    Oh'    nitEdOS. 


iiif^  four  yoke  ol  oxen  lor  Uolicrt  I'criT  lor  liis 
board  mid  traiiBiiorliitidii  lor  the  journey.  They 
aceoniplislied  tliis  long  joni'ney  without  unusual 
incident  or  hiird.-hi|i,  and  arrived  at  tlu'  Dalles 
in  the  Moveuilicr  iuinicdiutely  tollowini^.  I'ro- 
eeeding  thence  to  the  Cascades,  haviujf  only 
SKi,  he  was  there  employed  iiy  one  Hush,  who 
kept  a  boardiuif  house.  Late  in  November  he 
arrived  in  I'ortlanil,  where  lie  worked  for  a  few 
weeks  for  Albrj>j;bt  i\:  White,  butchers,  wlieu  he 
and  .\.  11.  .Iiihnson  fornieil  a  partnership  under 
the  firm  name  of  .Johnson  it  Perkins,  and  con- 
ducted the  iMMpire  Market  for  about  ten  years. 
In  lst)2  the  tirm  dissolved,  Mr.  I'erkins  ciiiiaif- 
iiiii-  in  the  droving  business,  |)Urchasinir  cattle 
throughout  the  Willamette  valley,  and  driving 
them  to  the  mines  in  Idaho.  IJc  continueil  in 
this  business  for  about  two  years,  when  ho  went 
to  Montana,  and  was  there  also  engaf^ed  in  Iniy- 
inifand  scllinir.  lie  then  returneil  to  Portland, 
fdllowinji;  a  similar  occupaMon  tliere.  In  ISOSt, 
with  4-,40()  sheep,  he  started  for  Califoi'iiia,  but 
Belling  them  on  the  road,  he  then  went  to  Texas, 
where  he  picked  up  a  herd  of  4,(H)()  cattli',  with 
which  he  started  across  the  plains  for  Oregon. 
He  passed  the  winter  of  1870-'~l  in  Idaho, 
where  he  sold  part  of  the  herd,  and  in  the 
si)rinii-  of  IsTl  drove  the  balante  to  (>rc<;du. 
where  he  subsequently  sold  the  rest  to  .lohnson 
&  IS|iauk'ing,  the  cnter|)rise  proviuj^  very  suc- 
cesslul.  lie  then  followed  farniinit  iu  Wash- 
ingtoii  county  until  1S72,  when  he  bought  a 
herd  of  K)0  cattle,  and  drove  them  to  I'nnitilla 
county,  eastern  <  >regon,  where  he  purchased 
'jiglity  acres  on  Putter  creek  fn- a  corral;  he  then 
turned  his  cattle  loo.'^e,  and  engaged  in  the 
stock  business.  Increasing  his  herd  to  5,000, 
with  about  oOO  horses,  he  continuefl  in  tiie  busi- 
ness until  lfS8(),  when  he  sold  out  p.nd  returned 
to  Portland. 

He  then  rented  the  Ilolton  House,  which  he 
conducted  for  five  years.  In  IS'.tO  he  built  the 
i'erkins  House,  on  tlie  eorni.'r  of  Fifth  and 
A'^ashington  streets,  lt)0  x  100  feet,  six  stories 
high,  wliich  was  oi)ened  Februi.ry  4,  1891.  It 
is  .)ne  of  tlifc  most  imposing  b'.iildings  and  one 
of  the  best  hotels  in  the  '  ity,  proviiled  with 
all  modern  impro.'emen'.ti  and  handsomely  fur- 
nished. It  is  lieadquartei's  fov  the  stocknu'ii  of 
the  Northwest. 

Mr.  Perkins  was  inari'ied  in  Polk  county,  in 
1857.  to  Miss  plizabeth  Fast,  a  daughter  of 
Jolm  Kast,  who  came  with  his  family  across  the 
plains   in    1843.     They    have   had  eleven   chil- 


dren, ten  surviving,  five  sons  ami  Hve  daughters. 

Ho  owns  nnudi  valuable  iinjiroved  property 
in  Portland,  besides  a  (pnintity  of  that  which  ia 
unimproved,  but  in  a  desirable  location,  ell 
has  besides  this  800  acres  iu  Washington 
county,  this  State,  and  eighty  acres  in  Columbia 
county,  having,  probably,  more  land  than  any 
other  one  man  in  the  State. 

He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  F.  &  A. 
M.,  of  the  Ancient  OhKm'  of  Druids,  and  is 
president  of  the  Cattle  Men's  Pioneer  Associa- 
tion. 

^ .«     *    ^i 

iISS    MATTIK    L    IIANSEK,   A.   M., 

ilean  of  the  Woman's  College,  aiii.l  Pro- 
fessor of  Ancient  Languages  in  Wil- 
lamette I'niversity.  is  a  native  of  Sullivan 
county,  New  York.  Her  father,  Jesse  C.  Ilan- 
see,  now  a  resident  of  lilstor  county,  .New 
York,  is  of  Knglisli  descent.  Her  mother  is  a 
member  of  the  (iillette  family,  of  Connecticut, 
who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  New 
England,  and  connected  with  Sir  I'rancis  Drake. 
Dean  Ilansee  received  hor  education  in  New 
York,  and  at  the  State  Univei'sity  of  Indiana. 
Thiough  Dr.  D.  S,  Jordan,  now  president  of 
Stanfoi'd  Pniversity,  she  was  called  ti  the  Uni- 
versity of  Washington,  located  at  Seattle,  where 
she  tilled  the  chair  of  Ancient  Languages.  She 
remained  there  three  years.  In  1888  she  was 
elected  to  the  position  in  Willamette  University, 
which  she  now  occuj)ies. 

— '^^m^'^^^ — 


fllARLES  IIEILPOPN,  a  popular  citizen 
of  Astoria,  ( )regon.  and  the  founder  and 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Charles 
Heilborn  &  Son,  the  leadi.ig  furniture  estab- 
lishment of  the  city,  was  born  in  Umster,  I'ms- 
sia.  in  1825.  His  father  was  a  cabinet-maker 
and  furniture  manufacturer,  niuler  whose  direc- 
tion and  able  tutelage  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
learned  the  business.  Seeking  broader  oppor- 
tunities and  a  larger  field  of  labor,  young  Ileil- 
born.  in  184!^,  emigrated  to  the  United  States, 
that  Mecca  of  discontented  and  asjiiring  spirits. 
Arriving  in  this  country,  ho  first  went  to 
Ciucinmiti,  Ohio,  a  manufacturing  center,  where 
ho  found  oinployment  at  his  trade  with  Smith 
iV  Ilawley,  a  jirominent  firm  of  that  place,  with 


illsruRY    OF    OUKnoN. 


ludl 


wlioin  lie  ruinuiiitid  until  1864.  He  then  went 
to  Mankato,  Jiluc  Eartli  county,  Miniii'bota, 
where  he  establiijlu'd  iiinisclf  in  tlic  niann- 
fai'turinrj  biiBiness  in  u  t-nnill  way.  livin>r  mid 
transai'tini;  l)n8inuss  in  a  little  loj^  cuijiii.  With 
the  lapse  of  time  and  the  extiMisiun  of  iiis  Im^i- 
ness,  his  facilities  were  increased,  until  his 
fuctory  ^ave  8tea<ly  employment  to  tifty  men, 
in  tlie  manufacture  of  all  grades  of  cheap  fur- 
niture, to  meet  the  recinireinents  of  that  mar- 
ket, which  were  manufactured  in  hoth  retail  and 
wholesale  quantities.  He  also  operated  a  liranch 
store  at  Worthiu<;ton,  and  did  an  extensive 
business  at  both  places,  and  in  the  ^urniunding 
country.  iJesides  this  he  handled  largo  (juaiiti- 
ties  of  walnut  lumlier,  which  he  fold  in  St.  I'aul 
and  Minneapolis. 

On  the  outbreak  of  the  Sioux  ilepredations 
and  massacres,  in  the  fall  of  I8li2,  he  was  corn- 
missioned  by  Governor  Alexander  Uanisey,  First 
Lieutenant  of  the  "Home  Guard,"  which  was 
organized  for  frontier  protection.  This  com- 
pany participated  in  many  spirited  engage- 
ments, and  continued  in  service  about  a  year, 
until  relieved  by  the  regular  army. 

In  1874  he  soM  out  his  interests  in  Alinne- 
Bota,  preparatory  to  seeking  a  home  in  a  mililer 
climate,  which  should  bo  free  from  severe  win- 
ters and  destructive  cyclones,  lie  came  to  the 
Pacific  coast,  which  seemed  to  offer  the  induce- 
ments lie  desired,  both  as  to  business  o])por- 
tunities  and  the  comforts  of  life.  lie  made  his 
lieadtjuarters  in  Portland,  Oregon,  while  he 
sptMit  two  years  in  looking  over  the  country, 
seeking  a  permanent  locaticm.  lie  tiiuilly  de- 
cided on  Astoria,  where,  in  187(i,  he  took  up  his 
abode.  Here  ho  engaged  in  the  sale  of  furni- 
ture, but  (lid  not  do  any  manufacturing,  jiro- 
curing  his  supply  in  carload  lots  directly  from 
the  large  and  excellent  factories  of  Chicago  and 
Grand  Itapids.  He  has  continued  successfully 
in  businezs,  enlargitig  his  stock,  as  occasion 
seemed  to  re(]uire  it,  until  he  now  has  a  large 
and  diversified  assortment  of  furniture,  carpets 
and  upluilstery,  suited  to  the  v..ried  demands  of 
the  market.  His  store  is  located  on  the  corner 
of  Tliird  and  West  Ninth  streets,  where  he  has 
a  salesroom  of  50x100  feet,  above  which  is  a 
second  floor  of  100  x  100  feet.  Besides  this  he 
has  a  two-story  building,  30  x  50  feet,  where  he 
has  a  complete  stock  of  ironware,  so  that  young 
couples  starting  in  life  can  secure  everything 
necessary  to  furnish  a  house,  in  either  one  or 
the  other  of  his  excellent  establishments. 


He  was  niarrieil  in  .Mankato,  Minnesota,  in 
ISt')."),  to  Miss  Alma  I)ortibury,  an  intelligent 
and  amialih!  lady,  a  mitive  of  (iermany,  who 
was  reared  from  childhond  in  Pennsylvania. 
They  have  six  children:  Otto  F..  Charles,  l.aura. 
.Mma  ami  IJosa.  ( )tto  F.,  who  is  a  mcniber  of 
the  firm,  was  marrie<l  in  San  l^'ranciaco,  October 
l(i,  18S'.I,  to  Miss  ^(innie  Rinn.  an  estimable 
lady,  and  a  native  of  the  Ciolden  State.  They 
have  one  child,  a  sun,  named  Herbert  Sydney. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  never  sought 
otiice.  but  through  the  solicitation  of  friends, 
representing  the  desires  of  the  Republican  party, 
he  has  twice  been  nominated  and  elected  Treas- 
urer of  Clatsoji  county,  which  is  a  nn)st  flatter- 
ing proof  of  the  confidence  rejmsed  in  his  ability 
and  integrity,  lie  carries  into  the  discharge  of 
his  iifhcial  duties  tlie  same  (pialities  whicli  Ik; 
exercises  in  his  private  business  affairs,  the 
steaily  prosecution  of  which  have  raised  him  to 
prosperity  and  honor. 


t»*        '-.'SO  ■z'      *^ 


:ILMAM  (iUUl'.nS,  an  aged  and  hon- 
/d\'ll  oi'od  citizen  of  Forest  (iro\e,  now  in  his 
X^-i^STi  eighty-sixth  year,  was  born  in  Pitts- 
burg. Ponn.-ylvania,  ^Iay  2(1.  ISOfl.  On  account 
of  his  age  and  experience  and  the  regard  in  which 
he  is  held  by  the  community,  he  might  be  etyled, 
not  the  Father  of  his  Country,  but  certainly  the 
Father  of  Forest  (irove.  His  father,  Conroid 
(irubbs,  was  born  in  the  same  State  as  his  son, 
and  was  of  (ierman  ancesti'y.  He  was  niai'ried 
to  Catharine  Wyble.  a  native  of  his  own  State. 
They  hail  eleven  children,  of  whom  Mr.  (irubbs 
is  now  the  only  survivor. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  on  a 
small  farm,  twelve  utiles  from  Pittsburg,  work- 
ing on  his  father's  farm  and  at  tlie  carpenters' 
trade.  He  came  to  Oreg(jn  in  1870,  and  jiur- 
chased  a  farm  at  Fugcne,  where  he  remained 
five  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to 
Spring  \'alley,  ill  Polk  county,  where  he  pur- 
chased anotliei'  farm,  residing  on  it  for  another 
five  years,  and  again  sold  out,  this  time  coming 
to  Forest  Grove,  in  1880,  where  he  purchased  a 
block  of  four  acres,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
partially  retired  from  active  business,  but  rais- 
ing on  this  fine  block  choice  fruit  and  vegetables. 
Mr.  (irubbs  married  Miss  Margaret  McCiinnis 
in  1839.  She  was  a  native  of  his  own  State  and 
a  daughter  of  Robert  .Mo(iiniiis,  a  fanner  there. 


i 


Li'      «. 


n 


lOiW 


iifsrour  Of  ouKGON. 


Tliev  lire  tlie  parents  of  tin-  following  chil- 
ili'i'ii:  'I'lieir  eldest  son,  Henry  Wilkinson 
(irnbhs,  is  a  in<Tcliaiit  in  Chicago;  Lewis  B., 
resides  in  La  Camas.  Wasliinifton;  and  their 
danghter,  West  Anna,  is  the  wife  of  J.  A.  Mc- 
Cniie,  a  banker  of  I'oi'tland,  who  has  a  hand- 
some residence  in  Forest  Grove;  Charlotte,  is 
the  wife  of  Sainnel  L'win,  of  San  Francisco; 
Kliza  K.,  is  the  wife  of  L.  M.  liedrnan,  and  re- 
sides on  their  farm,  twelve  miles  from  Portland. 

It  is  a  source  of  gratification  to  Mr.  (Jrnhhs 
tiiat  he  has  heen  a  Ue|)ni(lican  since  the  organ- 
ization of  that  |)artv.  He  has  never  been  a 
niendjor  of  any  fraternal  society,  lie  and  his 
wife  were  reared  I'resbyteriaiis,  and  have  been 
married  tif'ty-three  years,  enjoying  the  highest 
regard  of  their  fellow-men. 

ilonorable  and  indiistrions,  intelligent  and 
persevering,  Mr.  (irui>l>s  has  gone  through  life 
prosperously,  followed  by  the  kindest  wishes  of 
all  who  knew  him. 


^••^ 


15  U  A  ir  A  M  II  AC  K  L  E  MAX,  a  pro- 
minent pioneer  and  influential  citizen,  of 
Linn  Cdunty,  was  born  in  Itiish  county, 
Indiana,  in  182!t.  His  parents,  Abner  and 
Klizabeth  (Lyons)  llackleman,  were  natives  of 
North  Carolina,  and  emigrated,  with  a  number 
(if  the  llackleman  family,  to  Uusli  county,  Indi- 
ana, being  the  pioneer  settlei's  of  that  county, 
subseijuently  removing  to  Iowa.  His  father  was 
employed  in  agricultural  puiniits  and  also  in 
tile  practice  of  medicine,  which  profession  he 
followed  (piite  extensively.  In  IS-to  he  was 
seized,  like  so  many  others,  with  the  desire  to 
emigrate  to  Oregon,  and  he  was  induced  to  act 
as  captain  of  a  train  of  forty  wagons,  in  their 
western  journeying,  regarding  which  and  their 
destination,  very  little  was  then  known.  Ac- 
complishing the  trip  successfully,  Mr.  llackle- 
man j)roceeiled  up  the  Willamette  valley,  and 
loeate<l  on  some  land,  which  is  now  occupieil  by 
the  eastern  part  of  the  city  of  Aliiany.  In  the 
spring  of  1841)  he  returned  to  Iowa  for  his 
family,  an<l  during  the  fall  of  that  year  delivered 
many  speeches,  to  large  assemblies  throughout 
the  State  of  Iowa,  on  tiie  wonderful  resources  of 
Oregon.  His  purposes  were  then  frustrated  by 
disease,  and  he  died  in  November,  18-16.  His 
plans  and  intentions  were  so  clearly  expressed 
to  his  son,  Abraham,  that,  in  the  spring  of  18-17, 


he  and  his  friend,  John  Hurkhardt,  joined  their 
ox  teams,  and  started  on  the  long  journey  to 
Oregon,  Abraham  taking  with  him  a  choice 
nuvre,  wliich  he  rode  on  the  otT  days,  when  not 
driving  the  cattle.  Five  months  were  consumed 
on  the  joui'iiey,  and  in  October,  18-17,  they 
landed  in  Linn  county,  Abraham  at  once  set- 
tling on  the  claim  of  640  acres,  which  had  heen 
loeateil  by  his  father  in  l!S45.  He  then  built  a 
log  iiouse,  and  with  his  mare  and  a  single  yoke 
of  oxen,  his  entire  stock  in  trade,  coinmenceil 
his  pioneer  life.  The  adjoining  chiiin  was  then 
located  upon  by  Walter  anil  Thomas  Monteith. 
Hearing  of  the  California  gold  excitement, 
Abraham,  in  .Vugnst,  1848,  joined  a  party  of 
thirty  men,  who,  with  jiack-horses,  started  to 
California.  They  met  with  much  trouble  from 
the  Indians  in  the  llogue  river  country,  but 
arrived  at  last  in  safety  on  the  liig  bar  of  the 
American  ri\er,  near  Ilangtown.  There  they 
mined  with  considerable  success  until  February, 
1849,  then  returned  to  Oregon. 

Mr.  llackleman  was  ifcrried  on  March  2'J, 
1849,  to  Miss  Eleanor  15.  Davis,  daughter  of 
Truett  Davis,  a  jiioneei'  of  1H47. 

Later  in  the  season  he  again  went  to  the  mines 
on  Feather  river,  but,  on  account  of  illness,  was 
not  as  successful  as  before,  and  after  four 
months  he  returned  to  his  farm  in  Linn  county. 
In  18o2  he  surveyed  seventy  acres,  and  laid  otl' 
the  first  additon  to  Albany,  and  has  since  added 
other  lands  for  city  ])urposes.  His  farming 
o])erations  were  continued, and  he  gradually  en- 
gaged in  the  stock  business.  In  1858  he  drove 
a  herd  of  300  <'attle  to  eastern  Oregon,  where 
he  took  up  1,000  acres  of  swamp  land  in  Crook 
county,  and  there  engaged  in  the  stock  business. 
Subseipiently  he  purchased  2,000  acre;  of  laiul, 
and  commenced  raising  horses  and  cattle,  which 
he  has  since  continued,  his  herd  now  averaging 
700  cattle  and  800  liorses.  He  has  fifty  head 
of  registered  shorthorn  cattle,  which  is  a  choice 
herd,  ranging  from  $200  to  $800  each  in  value, 
and  his  general  stock  is  also  shorthorn  grade. 
His  horses  are  (Ilydesdale  and  Percheron  grade, 
the  stallions  being  imported  and  registered 
stock.  In  1S64  Mr.  llackleman  lu'lped  to  organ- 
ize the  Willamette  Valley  &  (Jaseade  Mountain 
Military  Wagon  Iload  Company,  to  construct  a 
road  from  Albany  across  -the  (Jascade  mountains 
to  Hoiso  City,  Maho,  a  distance  of  400  miles. 
The  road  was  six  years  in  building,  and  after 
being  run  n<f  a  toll  road,  was  sold  out.  He  is  a 
stockholder  and  a  director  of  the  Oregon  Pacific 


insTDUY    OF    (IliKdO.X. 


10(i:i 


Kiiilroiid  CoTiipany,  tlic  nmil  running  from  llal- 
Bted  to  Vacjiiitm  liny,  lln  still  resides  ii|)<iii 
his  original  claini,  ol  whicli  he  owns  4ii(t  acrt's. 
lie  also  owns  33;i  acres,  located  four  iiiilcs  south- 
east of  Albany,  bcsidus  valnahle  city  property 
in  Albany,  Astoria  and  Vaijuina  May. 

Mr.  and  Nfrs.  Ilackleinun  iiave  four  cliildren: 
Pauline,  now  NFrs.  \V.  K.  Itice;  Thurston  1'.,  a 
practicing  lawyer  of  Ali)any;  Denwan  I).,  a 
farmer;  and  Frank,  who  is  engaged  in  the  stock 
bu»ine88  in  eastern  Oregon.  Mr.  HauklemaM 
has  been  strictly  temperate  all  his  life,  and  now 
at  the  age  of  sixty-three  years,  is  a  specimen  of 
remarkable  preservation  and  great  physical  en- 
durance. The  wife  of  his  boyiiood.  the  com- 
panion of  his  trials  and  successes  for  so  many 
years,  still  adds  comfort  and  happiness  to  their 
tasteful  home,  a  typical  pioneer  couple,  of  sterl- 
ing characteristics  and  abounding  in  good  works. 


-<-^ 


-*=- 


fILLIAM  U.  GARDXKlt,  one  of  the 
leading  mechanics  uf  the  town  of 
Weston,  Umatilla  county,  Oregon,  is 
the  8ui)ject  of  this  notice.  He  was  iMirn  in 
Lee  county,  Iowa.  March  1.  1854.  Isaac  (iard- 
ner,  his  father,  was  a  native  of  Obit),  who  went 
to  ^[issouri  when  a  young  inan,v  and  there  mar- 
ried Miss  Sarah  Slater,  a  native  of  the  same 
State.  After  marriage  they  moved  to  Iowa,  and 
in  18G2  Mr.  Slater,  with  his  family,  crosseil  tlie 
plains  by  ox  team,  spending  six  months  on  the 
road,  having  some  little  trouble  with  the  Indians 
atampt'ding  their  cattle. 

The  family  settled  in  Uaker  county  on  a  farm 
where  Mrs.  Gardner  died  February  ~1, 1867,  at 
the  age  of  forty-one  years,  and  Mr.  <  Gardner  is 
now  living  with  liis  sous  in  Weston  in  his 
sixty-eighth  year.  There  were  nine  children  in 
the  family,  but  five  of  whom  are  now  living,  of 
whom  our  subject  is  the  oldest,  his  brothers  and 
sisters  being:  Isaac,. Ir.,  living  in  Weston;  Ida, 
the  wife  of  Jolin  Anthony,  living  in  Idaho; 
Nevada,  the  wife  of  tleorge  Kigdon,  of  Idaho; 
and  Onier,  living  in  Illinois. 

Our  subject  reeeiveil  his  education  in  the 
couuiion  schools  of  Baker  county,  but  after  the 
death  of  his  inother  set  to  work  for  himself. 
He  was  anxious  to  improve  his  mind,  therefore 
worked  on  thy  different  farms  until  he  realized 
means  sufficient  to  obtain  a  better  education. 
Then   he  went   to  Saline  county,  and  there  at 


tended  the  Stiite  I'niversity  at  that  place.  Hav- 
ing finished  his  course,  he  then  engaged  in 
farming,  at  which  occupation  he  continueil  Cor 
a  term  of  Hve  years,  but  feeling  the  need  of  a 
ditl'ei'4'nt  mode  of  life,  learned  the  trade  of 
blacksmith,  serving  an  apprenticeship  for  three 
years. 

.May  10,  18S'.',  our  siii)j(Mrt  came  to  Wesliwi. 
bought  a  lot  anil  built  a  large  smith  and  wagmi- 
shop,  where  he  has  cuntinued  to  carry  on  his 
business,  ami  being  a  gond  workman,  and  nblig- 
ing  to  his  |)atrons.  his  success  has  been  steadily 
growing.  While  in  Haker  City  lie  was  the 
victim  "f  a  bad  accident,  the  elfects  of  which 
caused  him  to  lay  by  for  two  months.  The  ac- 
cident happened  in  1881.  and  was  caused  by  the 
overturning  of  one  corner  of  a  lionsc  against 
liiiii  as  he  was  assisting  in  its  removal. 

The  marriage  <if  our  subject  took  place  in 
188(5  to  Miss  Viola  M.  Marcuin,  a  native*  of 
Illinois,  who  came  to  this  State  from  Illinois  in 
1888.  She  was  the  daughter  of  I'radford  and 
Caroline  Marcum.  who  were  natives  of  I't'iinsyl- 
vania.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  .Mr. 
and  Mrs.  (iardner:  Carl  II.,  aged  four  years,  and 
Iva  H.,  aged  one  year.  Socially,  our  subject  is 
a>member  of  the  A.O.  V.  W..  of  Weston,  ami  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  and  is  \'.  G. 
of  that  order  in  Weston.  Politically,  he  was  a 
Democrat  for  a  long  time,  but  has  lately  allied 
hiin.self  with  the  People's  jiartv.  believing  that 
the  best  for  the  country.  He  is  an  active, 
energetic  young  man,  who  has  made  his  own  way 
in  the  world,  and  deserves  the  prosperity  whicli 
has  crowned  his  efforts. 


fOSEI"'  GALIHtEATH,  a  prosp-rous  farm- 
er of  \,  ashington  county,  <  )regon,  was  born 
in  Iowa  October  '.»,  ISo'i.  His  father, 
Samuel  (ialbreath,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1S30,  and  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican 
war.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Spencer,  a  native 
of  loWa.  Two  children  were  born  to  them  in 
their  Fastern  home,  (leorge  and  Josejih,  and 
with  his  wife  and  two  little  sons,  iti  1852, 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  They  had  a  safe 
journeyand  they  located  in  the  Tualitan  valley, 
on  r>-K)  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  began  ])ioneer 
life  in  a  little  log  house.  Here  he  labored  and 
made  a  good  farm,  and  was  an  industrious  and 
upright  njan.  a  worthy  member  of  the  Method- 


■'::a\1 


ludl 


utsTony  ov  oiihvox. 


ist  (-liui'cli,  itiid  wiiK  II  mail  ulio  (■oiiimHiulcil  tlio 
rospuct  iiinl  esteem  (pf  all  witli  whom  he  had 
ever  iiuiiie  in  cmitact.  He  and  liis  wife  are  both 
deceased. 

.loseph  (iallireath,  the  snbjeet  of  tile  present 
i^lu'tch,  was  leaivd  on  tiie  new  farm  until  iiin 
tentli  year,  and  then  beiran  life's  t^tniifirli' on  his 
own  account.  As  a  boy  he  herded  cattle,  and  as 
lie  grew  up  lie  enirajred  in  other  farm  work. 
Later  he  went  to  the  mines  at  Orophaiia  and 
made  good  wages.  In  the  full  of  ISTG  he  was 
able  to  purchase  thirty-six  acres  of  land,  ami  in 
1877  he  married  Miss  Louisa  Cuminiiif^s,  who 
had  been  in  Portland  in  1^552.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Krwiii  Ciimmiiii;s,  a  pioneer  of 
( >regon.  She  and  her  young  husliand  liveii  on 
the  little  fan:;  for  one  year,  and  then  rented  her 
father's  farm,  until  later  he  purchased  170  acres 
of  it,  and  she  inherited  ninety-live  acres. 

Since  that  time  our  subject  has  conducted 
the  whole  farm  very  successfully,  and  in  IH'M 
erected  a  tine  and  comfortable  residence  upon  it, 
and  there  the  family  now  resides.  With  them 
lives  Mrs.  Cummings,  a  dear  and  honored  old 
lady,  now  in  her  seventy-sixth  year,  one  of  the 
iiinch-esteemed  and  lirave  |)ioneer  women  of 
Oregon.  ^[r.  and  N[rs.  (ialbreath  have^a 
family  of  seven  children,  as  follows:  Arthur, 
Clara.  Kva.  Klla,  .lane,  Doiin  and  .Jolin. 

Mr.  Galbreath  is  a  Republican,  and  a  success- 
ful and  enterprising  man,  and  has  held  the  po- 
sition of  Constable  for  four  years,  and  that  of 
School  Director  for  si.\  years.  lie  was  only 
eleven  years  of  age  when  he  went  to  the  mines, 
and  remained  there  seven  years  and  gave  his 
family  all  he  made,  amounting  to  about  $1,G()0, 
and  this  was  previous  to  his  becoming  of  age. 
He  never  neglected  or  forgot  his  duty  to  liis 
parents,  and  such  has  been  his  life  in  the  county 
where  he  has  been  reared,  that  he  deserves  and 
receives  the  esteem  of  all;  II is  family  are 
everywhere  held  in  tlu  greatest  respect. 


II.  GOLTllA,  one  of  the  wealthy 
ami  influential  citizens  of  Albany,  is 
|«  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  ISoii,  and  has 
done  his  |iart  toward  helping  to  develop  the  re- 
sources of  this  section  of  tlie  country.  As  one 
of  its  prominent  citizens,  it  is  eminently  fitting 
that  some  personal  mention  of  him  should  be 
made  in  the  history  of  his  county. 


W.  II.  (Joiira  was  born  in  Middlesex  county, 
.New  Jersey,  in  lSi!4,  son  of  Oliver  and  .Maria 
(Harris)  (ioltra.  natives  of  the  sanio  locality, 
liis  ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of 
that  State.  Iteared  on  the  farm  and  educateil  in 
the  pojiiilar  schools  of  that  day,  he  remained  in 
his  native  State  until  1852,  when  he  went  to 
Illinois.  There  he  soon  afterward  contracted 
the  Call''  nia  fever,  and  in  the  spring  of  ls53 
started  overland  for  the  Pacific  coast.  With 
one  team  and  four  yoke  of  oxen,  he  joined  a 
train  hat  was  composed  of  six  wagons  and 
about  hi'teen  people.  The  grass  giving  out  on 
the  California  trail,  they  turned  their  course  to- 
ward Oregon  in  order  to  get  feed  for  their 
stock.  Tlieir  journey  was  without  unusual  in- 
cident until  they  reached  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains, their  only  loss  of  stock  being  from  drink- 
ing the  alkpli  w^aters.  The  Indians  gave  them 
no  troubli'  whatever.  In  the  Cascade  mount- 
ains they  met  a  heavy  snowstorm  as  they 
crossed  tlie  summit,  and  with  the  delayed  travel 
and  short  supplii'S,  the  situation  became  serious. 
At  this  juncture  they  were  relieved  by  a  travel- 
ing trader,  who  sold  them  Hour  at  ^:J0  per  sack 
of  fifty  pounds.  Continuing  their  journey,  tiiey 
arrived  at  Oregon  City,  uii  the  12tli  of  October, 
185ii.  There  Mr.  Goltra  passed  the  winter, 
engaged  in  work  at  the  carpenters'  trade,  as  he 
arrived  without  a  dollar  in  his  pocket,  and  with 
his  one  suit  of  clothes  badly  worn.  In  the 
spring  of  185-1  he  rode  up  the  valley  on  horse- 
back, looking  the  country  over  for  a  suitable 
location.  Arriving  in  Linn  county,  he  selected 
a  site  which  he  predicte<l  would  some  day  be 
crossed  by  a  railroad.  His  prophecy  has  come 
true,  "(ioltra."  a  station  on  a  brancii  of  the 
Soutliern  Pacilic,  being  located  on  his  land. 
He  has  since  added  to  his  original  claim,  and 
now  owns  480  acres. 

Mr.  Goltra  was  married  in  Linn  county,  in 
185(i,  tc  Miss  Sarah  Denny,  daughter  of  Chris- 
tian Denny,  a  pioneer  of '1852.  He  then  set- 
tled on  his  farm,  and  was  engaged  in  agricult- 
ural jiursuits  until  1873.  Since  that  year  lie 
has  lived  in  Albany,  and  has  done  an  extensive 
business  in  buying  and  selling  grain.  He  has 
invested  largely  in  real  estate,  purcliasing  land 
to  the  amount  of  I.IIOO  acres  in  the  vicinity  of 
Albany.  In  1883  he  began  the  sale  of  agricult- 
ural implements,  imrchasing  the  property  on 
the  corner  of  First  and  Kllsworth  streets, 
ttOx  102,  for  warOhoiiso  Diirposes.and  continuinti 


piirpo 


the  business   about  five  years.     Since   then   he 


;j 


:?i 


arsTnllY    i)F    iillKiloy. 


l(lll."l 


has  devoted  all  his  enerj;ics  to  tlie  liandliiif^  of 
grain,  mid  toliis  iirivatc  atrnirs. 

Mr.  Goltni  was  0110  of  ilie  orgiiiiiz('r>  (if  tlic 
Alliaiiy  Street  liuilmad  in  1890,  wliicli  laid  the 
track  from  First  and  Wa.-liinffton  strcL'ts  to  the 
Soiitliern  I'acific  depot.  They  expect  soon  to 
extend  the  track  three  miles,  running  throngh 
Goltra  I'ark  .\ddition,  and  to  exclianju;e  horse- 
power for  Ktcain.  Mr.  (idltrii  was  also  an  in- 
corporator of  the  l^inn  ('oniity  National  Hank, 
and  is  vice-president  of  the  institution,  lie  is 
B  stockholder  in  the  Alliany  Mining  iV  Milling 
Company,  and  in  the  AUmny  Electric  Light 
Company. 

He  and  his  wife  are  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren, viz.;  .Vddie.  wife  of  I).  W.  Rumhangh.  of 
Alhany;  Laura,  wife  of  ,1.  1'..  Starr,  of  Olympia, 
Washington;  and  John  ().,  secretary  of  Port- 
land Savings  Hank  &  Trust  Company. 

Mr.  Goltra  is  just  completing  a  handsome 
and  .-spacious  residence  on  the  corner  of  Fourth 
and  Montgomery  streets,  lie  started  out  in 
life  with  the  idea  that  "The  Almighty  helps 
those  who  help  themselves,"  and  upon  that 
proposition  he  has  performed  his  duty,  and  been 
prosperous  in  his  undertakings. 

*    '•      3  '-^  ■{■  ^>  <- :    <- 

ff-:<)U(iE  AV.  GRAVES  is  one  of  three 
lu'others  who  reside  side  by  side  on  three 
good  farms,  located  just  soutii  of  Sheridan 
on  the  Vam  Hill  river.  These  brothers  are  all 
prosperous  farmers  and  honorable  Oregon  pio- 
neers of  1847,  their  father,  the  Hon.  James  B. 
(rraves,  having  crossed  tlie  plains  with  his  fam- 
ily tliat  year.  (See  the  biography  of  Thomas 
}s.  (-traves  in  this  work.) 

(leorge  W.  (rraves  was  the  si.xth  of  the  family. 
He  was  hoin  in  Warren  county,  Missouri,  De- 
cember ^3,  18i(;!,  and  remained  in  his  native 
State  until  he  was  fourteen.  Of  the  long  and 
tj'dious  journey  made  across  the  plains  at  that 
time  he  has  a  vivid  recollection.  After  remain- 
ing awhile  with  the  brother  and  brother-in-law 
who  had  eome  to(  )regon  theyear  previous,  the 
father  selected  a  donation  claim,  and  the  family 
settled  on  it  about  Christmas  time,  lS-1-7.  The 
following  March  they  buried  the  kind  and  lov- 
ing mother.  She  was  adevoted  Christian  woman, 
and  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Her 
untimely  death,  just  ta  they  were  stirting  their 
new  home  in  this  western  country,  was  a  sad 
blow  to  tliem  a]l. 


The  subject  of  our  sketcdi  remained  on  tlie 
farm  with  his  father  until  he  was  old  enoiigii  to 
take  u|i  land  for  himself,  .lames,  who  was  next 
to  the  oldest  brother,  had  taken  a  donation  claim, 
and  (ieorge  W.  purchased  •,'",'5  acres,  located 
six  miles  southeast  of  Sheridan.  .Mr.  (iraves 
was  married  aiioiit  this  time,  settled  on  his  ian<l, 
and  lived  on  it  two  years.  He  then  piirehased 
his  brother's  :{2()  acres,  moved  to  it  in  18()().  and 
here  for  thirty-two  years  he  has  liveil  and  pros- 
iiered,  working  hard  to  ilevelop  ami  lieantify  his 
home.  He  has  erected  a  nice  residence  and 
other  tirst-elass  farm  buildings.  Since  settling 
here  he  purchased  320  acrres  of  his  father's  dona- 
tion claim,  thus  increasing  the  value  ami  extent 
of  his  jiossessions.  His  rich  soil  has  amply  re- 
paid him  for  the  labor  expended  upon  it.  .Vt 
times  he  has  raised  as  high  as  eighty  bushels  of 
oats  to  the  acre  and  from  thirty  to  forty  bush- 
els of  choice  wheat  to  the  acre. 

Mr.  Graves  was  married  October  18,  1855,  to 
Miss  Ellen  McCain,  a  native  of  Indiana  and  the 
daughter  of  .lames  McCain.  Eight  of  their  ten 
children  are  living,  all  occniJying  useful  ami 
honorable  positions  in  life.  Their  first-born, 
Alice,  a  bright  and  interesting  child,  died  at  the 
age  of  nine  years.  William  was  a  promising 
youth  of  fifteen  when  he  died.  Those  living  are 
as  follows:  Wallar  A.,  who  resides  at  Mount 
Tabor,  near  Portland;  Cora  Bell,  wif(i  of  A.  B. 
Chandler,  is  pleasantly  situated  near  her  father; 
and  .lames  Franklin,  Lucy  E.,  Ezra  C,  Oscar . I., 
Carl  C.  and  i.eroy  are  with  their  jiarents. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Graves  are  co'isisteiit  members 
of  the  Methodist  Church  at  Sheridan,  and  are 
always  found  ready  to  help  any  cause  that  has 
for  its  object  the  advancement  of  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  town.  Politically,  Mr.  (iraves  is  a 
Republican. 


'HOMAS.F.  graves,  a  successful  farmer 
and  worthy  citizen  of  Polk  county,  Ore- 
gon, was  born  in  this  county,  Oetoiier 
•i-V,  1855.  The  (iraves  family  are  descended 
from  English  people,  who  were  early  settlers  of 
Virginia.  Grandtather  JaiTie->  B.  Graves  was  a 
native  of  the  Ohl  Dominion.  He  came  to  Ore- 
gon a3  early  an  1848,  and  was  a  ])romineiit  liic- 
tor  in  public  affairs  here,  serving  several  terms 
as  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  of 
Oregon.  He  died  in  the  seventy-eighth  year  of 
his  age.  Mr.  Graves'  father,  Charles  B.  (iraves, 


lOIIII 


llISToUr    oh'    UUKOOX. 


\vu»  tiorn  in  Kentucky  in  l^'2i.  ami  in  184() 
I'ainu  ti)  Oi'i'iron  unil  Kuttk'il  <in  ii  d<inntl()n  claim 
near  Sheridan.  IIltc  lie  niarrit^d  in  1850.  He 
continned  to  rei^idc  on  IiIm  claim  until  18(>3, 
wliiMi  he  went  to  ("alifornia,  rctnrninj^  after  an 
rtlisence  of  ai)oiit  a  year.  He  tlicn  |)ureliascd  a 
tract  of  land  two  miles  and  a  half  northeast  of 
McCoy,  where  he  re.-ided  and  to  which  heailded 
until  he  liecatne  the  ownei'  of  1,()(H»  acres.  He 
was  a  meniher  of  the  Christian  Clinrch,  was  in 
polities  a  liepublican,  and  his  lite  wjis  character- 
ized by  honesty  and  industry.  He  died  .lannary 
'2ii,  IW'2,  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  ai;e. 
His  widow  and  eie;lit  ehihlren  >urvive.  Tiie 
names  of  the  children  are  as  follows:  Kmma  S.. 
wife  of  I'aul  Kiii<r>ton:  Thomas  .1..  Glenn  <).. 
.lames  I,.:  Mary  I''.,  wife  of  l'\  !•'.  Post;  .Nellie, 
wife  of   Felix    Kertsoii;  and  Nt^ttie  and    Daisy. 

Thomas  .J.  (iiaves  was  reared  on  the  farm  on 
which  he  was  horn.  He  is  a  i^radnate  of  the  Mun- 
mouth  Colle^re.  class  of  1S74.  October  20,  187s, 
lie  married  Miss  Martha  V,.  Shelton,  a  native  of 
Vam  Hill  county.  ( I  retro  n,  who  died  January  <), 
1881,  leavinir  a  little  son,  Herbert  ( Juilford. 
May  31,  1885,  Mr.  (i raves  wedded  Mrs.  Mary 
E.  Wilcox,  widow  of  .lolin  E.  Wilcox.  She  had 
two  children  by  her  first  nntrriage:  IJelle  and 
Martha,  ^[r.  and  .\[rs.  ( i  raves  have  three  chil- 
dren: Edith,  Cecil  and  Glenn. 

Mr.  Graves  is  a  Royal  .\rch  Mason,  and  a 
member  of  the  (irand  Lod<j;e  of  the  Independent 
( )rder  of  Odd  Fellows.  I'olitically.  he  affiliates 
with  the  liepublican  party.  He  was  elected 
County  Assessor  in  1880,  and  in  1882  served  as 
I)e|)nty  (Jouiity  Clerk.  lie  has  been  interested 
in  farming  all  his  life,  is  a  man  of  (food  busi- 
ness ability  and  jjeiieral  information,  and  may 
always  be  counted  upon  to  support  any  measure 
which  has  for  itsoliject  thi^  advancement  of  the 
best  interests  of  his  county  and  State  in  which 
he  takes  a  just  pride. 

SON.  JOHN  H.  HAI,1„  a  native  son  of 
Oregon  and  a  wortliy  member  of  the  bar 
■^■■^  of  I'ortland,  was  born  in  ^[ultnomah 
county,  twelve  miles  east  of  tiie  city  of  I'ort- 
land,'July  17,  1S54.  IHs  fathe'-,  Benjamin  F. 
Hall,  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  who  came  to  this 
State  in  lH."j2,  and  settled  on  tlie  ••  B<'njamin 
Hall"  donation  claim,  twelve  miles  east  of  Port- 
land,   where    lip  l)tiilt   a  cabin,  improved  the 


iro|)«'rty,  and  resided  until  his  hisdoatli  in  1800. 

n  Hearlxirn,  Indiitini,  he  had  nnirried  Miss 
Emily  liicklin,  and  witli  her  and  the  two  chib 
dreii  came  overland,  witli  a  company  of  100. 
On  (ireeii  river  they  were  attacked  by  iinliaus, 
but  succecdiMJ  in  repulsin;;  them.  On  arriviiifr 
at  the  Columi)ia  river  they  built  rafts  and  on 
them  lloated  down  a  portion  of  the  wav;  ami 
the  trip  was  indeed  a  perilous  one.  Here,  in 
<  >regon,  three  dauirhters  were  liorn  in  the  family: 
Uebecca,  Mary,  Elizabeth  ami  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  T'he  dauirliters  have  since  dieil, 
and  •loSDph,  one  of  the  (diildren  who  crossed 
the  plains,  is  also  dead.  Mr.  Hall's  mother 
survived  her  husband  only  four  years.  The 
orphan  then  livecl  with  his  nnclo  five  years, 
when  he  was  lifteeii  years  of  ajje,  and  thencefor- 
ward he  cared  for  himself,  workinj^  and  attend- 
iiiir  school  until  he  was  twenty.  He  then  fol- 
lowed farminir  for  three  years,  imd  Oct<ibei-  8, 
ls7T,  he  married  Miss  (>live  Powell,  a  native 
of  Orcfron,  and  a  daughter  of  Jackson  Powell,  a 
worthy  ])ioneer,  who  came  to  ( Iregon  in  lS47. 
In  1878  he  came  ;  East  Portland,  investing  in 
property  which  has  since  greatly  enhanced  in 
value.  As  an  illustration  of  the  growth  of  the 
place  and  the  increase  of  value,  he  says:  "Two 
of  the  lots  which  1  bought  for  SOOO  l'  have  re- 
cently sold  for  S2,000."' 

After  arri\  ing  in  Portland  he  was  in  the  feed 
and  livery  business  two  years,  and  then  associ- 
ated himself  with  J.  M.  Stott  and  purchased 
the  pioneer  hardware  business  of  East  Portland, 
from  Kirk  .Sheldon.  They  conducted  the  busi- 
ness successfully  until  1883,  during  which  time 
Mr.  Hall  studied  law.  After  selling  out  his 
hardware  business  he  commenced  the  regidar 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Stott,  Waldo 
i^:  Smith.  In  October,  1888,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  has  since  then  continued  in  the 
|)ractice  of  his  chosen  profession.  Office,  on  the 
east  side.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Deputy 
District  Attorney  several  years.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
he  is  now  (18'.t2)  the  member  for  ^^ultonlall 
county.  During  the  last  session  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Jmliciary  ('oinmittee,  and  he  has  the 
honor  of  introducing  in  the  House  the  bill  for 
the  .Vustralian  ballot  system,  to  which  he  gave 
his  best  efforts  until  it  paseed.  In  politics  Mr. 
Hall  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  has  given  hi.s 
party  efficient  aiil  in  the  campaigns;  he  is  a 
member  of  the  County  Central  Committee 
Mr.  liftll  is  a  stgckholder  in  the  Citisens'  Bank 


nrsToUY    (IF    liliKdON. 


UMV 


Soiiiu  ycarr*  iigo  tlio  citi/.eiis  on  the  I'ust  side 
felt  tlii'iriHeKes  oj)|irftiee(l  l)y  u  grinding  iiiKiiop- 
olj,  and  an  untcrprist"  wiin  started  to  rt'iiU'uy 
till)  L'\  il  liy  linildinga  water  hystein  of  tiieir  own, 
nii'ftinij;  wilii  strong  ojiposllion.  Mr.  Hall  l)n- 
wmic  i'nli>tu(i  in  the  eaMHc,  anil  actcil  as  :  ttorncy. 
The  issni)  was  taken  to  tlic  Supreme  Court,  ami 
the  complaining  citizens  succeeded  in  the  case; 
and  now  they  Hre  Bnp])lied  with  an  ahuiidancu 
of  pure  water  at  cost;  and  also,  \>y  the  same 
cnter|)rige,  the  city  is  lighted  hy  electricity. 
Thus,  throughont  Kast  Portland,  property  is 
greatly  onhnncecl  in  value,  owing  in  a  high  <le- 
gree  to  Mr.  Hall'.-  special  interest  he  took  in 
the  all'airs.  He  has  owne''  •'  vast  amount  of 
city  jiropcrty,  and  has  Imilt  himself  a  line 
residence. 

Mr.  Hall  is  a  meinlior  of  the  Society  of 
K.xeinpt  Firemen,  also  a  worthy  niemher  of  the 
I  (>.  O.  I'".  III!  is  an  illustrious  "native  son," 
a  capable  and  honest  lawyer  and  a  useful  and 
upright  citi/en.  His  career  has,  indeed,  hecn  a 
reinarkahle  one  as,  step  by  step,  he  has  arisen, 
by  his  own  honest  efforts,  from  the  orphan 
farmer  boy  to  the  attluent  citi/.en  and  the  Legis- 
lature (if  his  State,  the  growth  of  which  has  been 
Bimultaneous  with  his  own. 


— -^m^^m^ 


SOX.  r.  W.  HALKV,  of  I'olk  county,  is 
f?li  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1850,  and  a  native 
of  thiv  State  of  Illinois,  born  Oecember 
2n,  1847.  He  is  of  Scotch- Irish  ancestry,  his 
grandfather,  Henrv  Haley,  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica and  settled  in  Kentucky,  wjiere  Petrarch  II. 
Haley,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born,  in 
180"i,  and  married  some  years  later.  Here  live 
of  his  children  were  born,  and  his  tirst  wife 
died,  and  ho  then  removed  to  Illinois,  where  ho 
married  Jane  McWater,  a  widow  with  five  chil- 
dren. Our  subject  was  the  only  child  of  this 
marriage.  The  father  of  our  subject  came  to 
Oregon  in  IS."):?,  with  his  wife  and  three  children, 
two  of  the  Others  having  preceded  him  to  the 
West  and  one  was  left  behind,  who  iftorward 
followed  them.  He  located  on  a  donation 
claim,  to  which  ho  bought  the  right,  situated 
near  Monmouth.  Here  he  resided  for  twenty- 
live  years,  and  then  retired  to  Monmouth,  where 
he  resided  eight  years  and  then  died,  in  1884. 
He  was  a  (piiet,  industrious  man;  an  Kkler  in 
the  Chn«ti»ij  Church.  He  liaJ  his  own  opinions 


on  all  public  (|uestions.  and  while  he  was  a  lle- 
pnblican  during  the  war.  at  its  close  voted  the 
indcpendiMit  ticket,  and  coMtinned  to  do  so  until 
his  death.  His  faithful  wife  8ur\  ived  him  six 
years  before  she,  too.  died. 

<  )ur  subject  was  educated  at  Alonmouth  and 
graduated  in  lS(i7,  then  atteudel  Ilespanan 
(College,  at  Woodville,  California,  and  also 
graduated  ut  n  business  college  .Inly  1,  ISti'.t. 
he  Jthen  retired  to  ( )regon,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1809  was  uuirried  to  Miss  Alices  I'arkcr,  a  native 
of  Missouri,  born  hebruary,  1853. 

II!  1870  he  purcliased  ninety  acres  of  land, 
his  present  home,  live  miles  south  of  Monmouth. 
Ilei-e  he  iitul  his  young  wife  began  their  mar- 
ried life,  Mr.  Haley  teaching  8chor)l.  He  has 
succeeded  in  life  and  purchased  K50  acres  of 
land  adjoining,  also  has  ;i70  acres  in  I. inn 
county,  and  is  now  the  owner,  in  all,  of  Old 
acres  of  improved  land,  on  wliich  he  ie  raising 
grain  and  stock;  raising  good  Clydesdale  horse-. 
In  politics  he  is  a  !)cmocrat,  and  has  taken  a 
lively  interest  in  the  pjlitics  of  the  county.  He 
was  nominated  and  elected  by  his  party  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Legislature,  in  1887,  and  was 
an  earnest  and  ca|)able  worker  in  the  interest  of 
his  party.  Ho  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  and  of  the  A,  O.  U.  W.  Both  he  and 
his  wife  arc  members  of  the  I5aptist  Church. 
They  are  tho  parents  of  'ight  children,  namely: 
Orion  E.,  IvaL.,  David  W..  Nellie  .M.,  Kn'la 
J.,  Minerva  .\.,  Uuby  I.,  and  Percy.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Haley  are  highly  esteemed  by  all  who  are 
acfjuainteil  with  them.  Mr,  Haley  is  noted  for 
his  tine  business  ability  and  strict  integrity. 


?ACon  F.  FKUCilEX,  partner  in  the  Hrm 
of  Arndt  &  Ferehen,  pniprietors  of  the 
Pioneer  MachineShop8,of  Astoria,  was  born 
near  Hamburg  in  1847,  His  father.  Jacob  M. 
Ferclion,\va8  an  extensive  manufacturer  of  plows, 
harrows  and  light  and  heavy  wagons,  and  in  his 
factory  his  son,  Jacob,  began  to  learn  his  trailo 
at  the  age  of  ten  years,  beginning  with  the 
blacksmithing  department  and  siibseiiuently 
taking  up  boiler-making,  lock  and  gunsmithing 
and  general  machine  work,  passing  eight  years 
in  the  several  departments.  \t  the  age  of 
twenty  v»'ar«  ho  started  out  in  life,  lirst  visiting 
Quebec  and  Montreal.  He  then  entered  tho 
I'niteJ  States,  and  accepted  hi9  (irsl  engagement 


,.  11    fl 


;i;.' 


1':'^! 


!:i 


m 


u 


M 


lOtW 


//l.sTiiUy    Dlf    tUlKUdS. 


n\  ( 'lii(!Hi;o  in  the  Sclmftlcr  Wii^'nn  Mamifactdry, 
liut  lifter  :i  fuw  iiioiitli-  In;  wiiiit  to  An  Salilc, 
Micliij.faii,  t'lij^iiniiifj  iifi  8ii|ifriiit('nc|fiit  of  tlic 
iimcliinc  mdiI  lilack^initli  simps  nf  a  liirjie  IiiiiiIht 
cuiiipaiiy,  oiiiplovin^'  fnnii  tirici'ii  tn  twi'iitvliv e 
lianils. 

Mr.  Kurclii'ii  was  inarrii'il  at  An  Sal)li<iii  1872 
to  Miss  Katie  KeniiL\y,  iiativc  of  Montreal.  In 
isTo  Mrs.  Fcri'lien  ami  two  uliilihvu  wero  takon 
sick  aiiil  (licil  witiiiii  ii  iicriod  nf  six  inontlis. 

.Vfli'r  liis  niaiii!ii,rc  .\lr.  Fcrclii'ti  hail  started  a 
lihieksinitli  hIioj)  in  Midland  City.  Imt  after  liis 
heavy  l)crea\einent  ^[r.  Kcridio'i  desirt'd  ae.han^f, 
so  fame  to  Astoria,  landirif^  ainoiij^  str:inu;eri-. 
He  fonnd  employment  in  the  cannery  if  -Mi. 
I'ooth,  tliron;,'h  the  season  of  187l'>,  and  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year  he  formeil  a  partnership 
with  .lacoh  Arndt.  and  started  the  I'ioneer  Ma- 
chine Shop  of  Astoria.  They  eiii^ai^ed  in  general 
hlacksmitliin^  and  cannery  work.  After  ahont 
three  years  Mr.  Arnilt  retired  from  the  tirn), 
first  selling  his  interest  to  his  lirother,  Saninel, 
who  is  still  in  the  hnsiness.  Their  shop  is  lo- 
cated at  the  foot  of  l,a  Fayette  street,  and  is  fully 
eipiipped  with  planers  and  lathes  for  {.leneral 
ma<diine  and  boiler  work.  They  are  the  aijents 
of  K.  W.  miss,  the  nianiifaiitiirer  of  improved 
cannery  machinery,  and  have  done  an  extensive 
business  in  the  canneries  of  the  Colnmhia  river 
and  in  Alaska.  They  are  also  builders  of  steam- 
l)oat8  to  a  reiristered  capacity  of  sixty  tons. 
Their  shop  has  a  special  dynamo  for  illuminat- 
ing, and  is  complete  in  every  detail,  lie  is  de- 
voted to  his  business  interests,  and  beiiijj  the 
practical  man  of  the  estalilishineiit,  to  him  is 
larifely  due  the  excellence  which  the  shop  main- 
tains among  the  manufacturers  of  the  coast. 


N.  FKIIRIN.  P..  A.,  Professor  of  Math- 
ematics in  the  Pacific  University,  For- 
>  ~j^.\'^  est  Grove,  Oregon,  and  an  eminent 
mathematician  and  scholar,  is  a  native  of  Bar- 
ton, Vermont,  where  he  was  horn  October  11, 
18.")4.  Ilis  father,  Kev.  Clark  E.  Ferrin.  1).  I)., 
was  born  in  Londonderry,  New  Ilainpshirc, 
July  20,  1818.  Five  generations  of  the  family 
have  been  born  and  reared  in  the  Eastern  States, 
and  three  of  Prof.  Ferrin's  uncles  served  in  the 
civil  war.  liis  father  married  Miss  Sophronia 
Boynton,  a  nati veof  Derby, Vermont,  and  daugh- 
ter of  John  Boynton,  of  that  State.     They    had 


livo  children,  of  whom  our  ttiibjecl  was  tlie  third. 
Our  Riibject's  father  was  for  twenty  one  year*  a 
ilevoted  and  acceptable  pastor  of  the  ('ongrega- 
tional  Cliurch  at  lleardsburg,  \%'rmont.  Ho 
died  in  1881,  aged  sixty. three  years,  much  la- 
mented by  all  who  knew  him.  His  wife  and 
faithful  jiiirtner  for  so  long,  survived  hlni  but 
a  cou|>le  of  years. 

Prof.  Ferrin  was  educated  at  Heardslmrg,  in 
the  academy  and  nuiversity,  graduating  at  the 
latter  in  1873  with  the  degree  of  Hachelor  of 
Arts.  Afti'r  reading  law  foi'  a  c()U|do  of  years, 
he  decided  to  adopt  for  Ids  life-work  the  voca- 
tion of  teacher,  belie\ing  he  could  in  that  ca[)aci- 
i  ty  be  of  the  most  benefit  to  his  race.  When  a 
boy  mathomatics  seemed  peculiarly  his  forte, 
hi-  taste  running  ill  that  direction;  accordingly, 
he  soon  berame  a  very  proficient  mathematician. 
Ill'  is  |)  irticiilarly  endowed  with  the  ability  to 
impart  his  knowledge  and  to  insjiire  in  others  a 
love  for  his  favorite  study,  both  uf  which  facul- 
ties render  him  an  eminent  success  in  his  pro- 
fession, lie  canio  to  Forest  (irovo  as  the  jirin- 
cipal  of  the  acadeitiy,  in  1877,  and  afti'r  serving 
for  four  years  in  that  capacity  was  elected  to  the 
professorship  of  mathematics,  in  1881,  which 
position  ho  has  since  tilled  most  acceptably. 

He  was  married  in  1885  to  Miss  Martha  M. 
Haskell,  a  native  of  I'loomfield,  Ohio,  a  daugh- 
ter of  George  II.  Haskell,  a  substantial  fanner 
of  the  Western  lieserve,  <  )hio.  They  have 
three  children,  all  of  whom  were  born  in  For- 
est Grove:  Livia  E.,  Ilaskoll  E.  and  Ilolman  B. 

The  Professcu-  has  purchased  property  in  an 
attractive  location  in  the  beautiful  city  of  Forest 
Grove,  and  is  about  to  build  on  it  a  liandsoine 
residence. 

He  is  an  efficient  member  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Church,  tilling  the  office  of  Clerk  of  tliat 
society,  lie  is  a  liberal-minded  and  progressivo 
citizen  of  the  commonwealth,  devotedly  attached 
to  its  interests  and  the  prosperity  and  welfare 
of  his  favorite  city.  His  blameless  life  renders 
liim  an  object  of  afTectiouate  regard  to  all  who 
know  him. 

MOTHY  ({OODRICII,  a  reputable  and 
prosperous  farmer,  of  North  Yam  Hill. 
>>  Oregon,  was  born  in  Alliens  county,  Ohio, 
March  1(1,  1837.  Ilis  ancestors  came  to  Amer- 
ica from  England,  being  passengens  on  the  May. 


niHroUY    OF    OtiKllOS. 


I  (MO 


II) 


rtdwcr  on  lifi-  ftcoonj  voyn^'i"  to  tliit<  country. 
TIk'V  HL'ttli'd  ill  MiiBfiiicliUKcttf  iiiul  Connecticut. 
1111(1  in  tlio  intt(tr  Stiitc  Imk  fntlicr  Hn<l  ^riuul- 
fatlicr,  l)iitli  imnKMJ  'I'imotliy  Ododricii,  wcrti 
iioni.  Ili^  fnliicr  wns  a  ^oliiier  in  tlic  war  of 
1H12.  Wiicn  a  yoiiiiir  man  lie  niovi'ij  to  t  >liio,anil 
tliiTC  inari-icii  .NlisK  Tiypiiosa  Ilewctt,  n  native  of 
Atiieiis  CI  'iiity,  Ohio,  anil  adauj^liter  of  Kiiliraim 
Ilewctt,  wlio  was  liorn  in  (loniiccticiit.  Tiiey 
rcareil  a  fainiiy  of  i-evon  chiliircn,  only  three  cif 
whom  are  now  living,  the  siiliject  of  our  eketcli 
and  his  two  ^<i^*te^^<,  residents  of  MiRSoiiri.  Two 
of  the  80118  enlisted  in  the  I'nion  army.  One 
died  in  the  hospital,  an<l  the  other  after  his  dis- 
charge, never  liavinjr  recovered  from  injuries 
received  during  his  service. 

'riinothy  (ioodrieh  waw  reareil  in  his  native 
State.  In  IHuti  he  inarrii^d  Miss  IJosy  ,\nn 
Knijjht,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Daniel  Knight,  also  a  native  of  that  .State. 
The  Ivniglils  were  of  Knj^lish  t-xtraction.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  (ioodrieh  were  married  in  Athens 
county,  Ohio.  In  1802,  with  their  three  chil- 
dren, they  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  making 
tlie  journey  with  ox  tesnis.  Arrived  in  ( >rcgon, 
tliey  first  settled  on  a  tract  of  timber  land  in 
Marion  county,  located  eight  miles  north  >if 
Salem.  He  improved  his  property,  and  as  soon 
as  he  was  aide  purchased  other  land,  atone  time 
having  acipiired  4(H)  acres.  This  he  sold  in 
1S80.  in  187".t  he  came  to  Vam  Hill  county 
and  piirciiased  222  acres  of  laud,  where  he  now 
resides,  half  a  niilt-  north  of  North  Yam  Hill. 
IJe  has  since  added  17t(  acres  to  it,  making  in 
all  395  acres,  one  of  the  choicest  farms  in 
this  favored  portion  of  Oregon. 

Of  the  three  children  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goodrich 
brought  with  them  across  the  plains,  we  record 
tliat  two  die(l  young;  tlio  other,  (-loorge  (".,  re- 
sides on  a  farm  near  his  parents.  Since  coining 
to  this  State  other  children  have  been  added  to 
their  homo  cinde.  whose  iianies  are  as  follows: 
Mary  E..  wife  of  ^[onroe  Tallinan,  Dayton,  Yam 
Hill  county;  Minnie  M.,  a  .-uccessful  teacher, 
residing  with  her  parents;  and  Kalph  H.,  Aforris 
Luke  and  Hay  T.,  also  at  home.  Airs.  Goodrich 
is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 

i'olitically,  Mr.  (roodricli  atHliates  with  the 
Democratic  party.  In  1884  ho  was  elected  one 
of  the  two  County  Commissioners  of  his  county,  a 
position  rwjuiring  both  ability  and  integrity,  and 
the  duties  of  which  he  performed  n-ith  credit  to 
himself  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  conceriie<l. 
IJe  was  a  member  of  the  Grunge   in   Marion 

07 


county,  and  after  coming  to  North  Vaui  Hill 
joined  the  order  here.  While  he  i>  rcgardcil 
as  a  conservative  ma.i,  lio  is,  nevertheless,  ready 
to  aid  any  enterprise  that  he  thinks  will  licdp 
the  farmers,  and  aid  in  the  impnivemcnt  an<l 
devclo]inient  of  Oregon. 

UlAULES  HALlXiAUTII,  one  of  the 
prosperous  and  promiiu'Ut  farmers  of 
Union  county,  was  born  in  Kngland  in 
18;)8.  He  was  reared  in  bis  native  pla<'e,  and 
came  to  America  when  but  ninetfcn  years  of 
age.  His  first  winter  in  this  coiinti ,  wm>  |)assed 
in  New  ^'ork.  but  in  the  spring  of  the  tollowing 
year  he  made  his  way  to  NVisconsin,  from  there 
to  Louisiana,  ami  in  IHt'iO  he  went  to  Califcmia, 
where  he  engaged  in  mining,  at  which  he  worked 
for  three  years.  His  next  removnl  was  made  to 
Idaho,  where  he  riMuained  but  a  short  time,  then 
returned  to  Oregon,  went  to  ('ai'ion  City  and 
there  remained  for  four  years,  engaged  in  min- 
ing. At  these  mines  he  was  so  successful  that 
he  was  enabled  to  make  a  good  start  in  life,  so 
ill  1808  he  came  to  Union  county,  settled  in 
Indian  valley,  bought  land  and  engaged  in 
raising  stock.  Mr.  Ilallgarth  then  settled  near 
Klgin.  rnion  county,  where  be  purchased  land 
and  improved  it  until  his  farm  is  one  (if  the 
finest  ill  the  entire  county.  On  this  land  he 
built  himself  a  fine  residence,  at  a  cost  of 
^2,000,  ai.d  ill  addition  he  has  two  largo  barns 
and  other  sub«tai)tial  oiitbiiildingB,  iiecssary 
for  the  carrying  on  of  a  first-class  farm.  He 
has  engaged  in  the  sheep  business,  and  in  it,  as 
in  every  other  enter])ri.so  Mr.  Ilallgarth  under- 
takes, be  has  been  successful.  He  now  owns 
1,200  acres  of  good  land  in  Niles  township,  500 
acres  of  which  is  cultivated  and  farmed  by  our 
subject. 

Mr.  Ilallgarth  was  married  to  Miss  Jane 
Long  in  ls74.  This  lady  i^*  a  native  of  Indi- 
ana, but  her  parents  were  both  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, of  Pennsvlvauia-Dutcli  ancestry.  The 
parents  of  Mrs.  ifallgarth  came  to  Oregon  in 
1804,  where  her  father  is  still  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilallgarth  have  bad  ten  chil- 
dren, namely:  VVilliani,  accidentally  killed  when 
he  was  ten  years  old,  by  a  stray  shot;  John, 
George,  Nellie,  Joseph,  Jessie,  Carl,  Jacob, 
Samuel,  James  and  Frank.  Mr.  Ilallgarth  is 
one  in  a  family  pf  ten  and  erne  of  liia  l)rother.s  ia 


IT 


tOTll 


UlsronY    OF    UltKQON. 


li 


I  I 


a  piirtiu'i-  ill  all  of  li!«  liiiHiiivMrt  ciitorpritioe. 
Tlicir  hliftip  M'litii'T  i>  iiliinit  tin)  ino»t  miccj'kh- 
fill,  ii!-  they  tiDW  Imiiilli!  iilioiit  H,()(t()  ^lll•t'|l,  ail  iif 
tli(!  Mi'riiKi  >lipcl<.  I'.y  tiii'ir  strict  altciitidii  In 
liiioiiU'HH  Ml'.  iliill;;artli  iiiul  IiIh  hrntliiT  liavu 
Bcciiiniiliittil  i|iiitt'  11  rm'tiino.  Our  guhjeet  ia  u 
nu'iiilifr  I'i"  Kl^'iii  FiOiljie,  No.  !*S,  A.  !•'.  A-  A.  M. 
lio  rcccivi'd  Ills  niiiiiiiiiitiiiii  liy  tlie  Ilepiililicaii 
jmrty  fur  a  cimiity  oHicc  April,  I8!»'i.  ami  will 
iiial<(<  a  goiMJ  riici',  at-  lie  i^  very  popular 
tliroiijflioiit  till!  county,  esp'ci:iily  at  li'ime,  an 
lie  has  never  liiid  any  tidiilTc '.vitli  his  neighbors 
or  i'iigiij{U(l  ill  a  lawbiiit    n  iiin  life. 

II  A. '^' SON  was  iiiiinliered  Riiionj^  '/he 
Oregon  pioneers  of  l^o3.  From  neeos- 
^*  sity,  anil  not  from  choice,  ho  was  wreck- 
ed at  the  mniitli  of  the  ('dliimhia,  hut  the  land  of 
his  forced  habitation  has  |.riven  him  a  successful 
career,  and  he  docs  not  reirret  that  decree  of 
fate,  or  overriilinir  providence,  that  throw  him, 
homeless  an<l  a  Btraiif^ev,  upon  the  Orcf^on  coast. 
He  was  born  u|)on  the  l.-lancl  of  Thorsing,  Den- 
mark, in  18'.i7,  where  his  ancestry  had  resided 
for  generatiiuis,  engaged  in  the  pastoral  life  of 
ai;ricultiire.  I'litij  sixteen  years  of  ageoursiib- 
ject  assisted  his  father  iijion  the  farm  and  at- 
tended the  conimoii  schools,  as  required  by  the 
law  of,  the  country,  lie  was  then  transferred 
from  the  land-roll  to  the  navy,  and  then  he  went 
to  >ea  before  the  mast,  and  after  five  years  of 
study  and  training  graduated  from  the  naval 
college  at  Tanning,  and  was  then  engaged  in 
the  Sclileswig  war  until  iS.jO,  when  as  tirst-iiiate 
he  shipjHid  upon  a  I)anish  government  sloop 
running  between  (!openliagen  and  Russia,  and 
then,  as  second-mate,  from  Demiiark  and  Liver- 
pool, and  Hoston,  Massachusetts,  where  he  ar- 
rived in  the  spring  of  18.")!.  He  then  shipp'd 
before  the  mast  on  the  barque,  George  Law,  to 
San  Fraiiciscd.  arriving  in  November.  1852;  then 
as  second-mate  of  the  sailing  \essel  ^[aratllOIl. 
they  sailed  north,  and  for  twenty-one  days  lay 
in  the  month  of  the  Columbia  river,  trying  to 
get  across  the  bar;  at  last  sailing  in,  tiiey  an- 
chored inside  of  Clackaeop  Spit,  but  during  the 
night,  with  a  heavy  wind  blowing  and  a  change 
of  tide,  the  vessel  drifted  <lown  the  river.  The 
night  was  so  dark  that  they  could  not  make  sail, 
so  masts  were  cut  away  to  case  the  vessel,  but 
her  destruction  was  realized  as  she  sprang  a  leak, 
and    filially  went  to   pieces   upon    the  bar,  all 


hands  ha\  ing  Ik-c:!  saved  !iy  a  life-boat  from 
.\'-toria,  which  came  to  their  rescue  in  the 
iiiiirniiig.  ( Mir  siiliiecl  lost  all  liin  |i<isser<hions. 
lie  wa>  then  taken  to  I'nrtland,  .laiiiiarv  12, 
1*^5;J.  The  following  iiicirning  he  began  work 
upon  a  tiat-boat,  and  was  there  engaged  until 
he  hail  acciiniiihitod  I^IUO.  then  \.-eiit  to  tlit- 
mines  in  >oiitliein  Orei;on,  but  beiiiir  driven  out 
by  the  liogiie  river  Indians,  he  retiirneil  to 
Milwaukee  in  the  fall  id'  185il.  and  was  em- 
])loyed  in  the  pioneer  iiurf-ery  of  Llewellyn  A: 
Meek.  Having  accumulated  about  !J(2,nO(t  in 
1858,  Mr.  Hanson  purchased  fifty  acres  of  land 
in  Kast  Portland,  for  %\^\  an  acre,  and  still 
occupies  the  same.  The  lind  was  covered  ..  .th 
a  heavy  timber,  but  being  an  ambitions  man, 
Mr.  Hanson  labored  to  clear  his  land  and  soon 
began  planting  a  small  orchard,  which  he  in- 
creased to  twenty  acres  in  a  short  time,  which 
for  years  proveil  a  source  of  great  profit,  the 
fruit  sidling  readily  in  the  markets  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. Ill  the  spring  of  IxGS  he  started  a  nur- 
sery, and  in  the  fall  of  1873  engaged  quite 
e.xteiisivelv  in  the  seed  business,  imiiorting  seeds 
from  the  kast  and  opening  a  store  in  town.  He 
reduced  his  nursery  to  ornamental  trees  and 
shrubs,  and  continued  the  business  until  1880, 
when  he  sold  out  the  seed  department,  but 
continued  his  nursery,  which  is  now  condiicteil 
by  his  son.  (!harles  E. 

Mr.  Hanson  was  married  in  18r)tJ  to  Miss 
Nancy  .\kin,  at  Milwaukee,  a  pioneer  of  185'.2, 
and  daughter  of  James  Akiii.  who  crossed  the 
plains  from  Iowa  with  his  family,  losing  his 
wife  upon  the  jilains.  He  only  survived  her  a 
few  weeks  after  arriving  in  Oregon,  and  his 
death  left  fatherless  and  motherhsss  seven  idiil- 
dren,  the  oldest  i!ot  eighteen.  These  poor 
children  were  left  orphans  and  homeless  in  a 
strange  and  unsettled  country.  In  marrying 
the  daughter  Mr.  Hanson  became  a  father  to 
the  little  ones  an  dguided  their  destinies.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hanson  have  three  children:  Frederick 
W.;  Ida  E.,  wife  ofj.  CJ.  Roberts,  of  Portland; 
and  Charles  E. 

Mr.  Hansom  is  one  of  the  oldest  living  mem- 
bers of  Orient  Lodge,  No.  19,  I.  O.  ().  F.,  of 
East  Portland.  For  thirty-six  years  he  has  been 
an  active  member  of  the  Centenary  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  and  for  fifteen  years  was 
Su|)erintendeiit  of  the  Sunday-school.  He  is 
still  a  member  of  the  adult  class.  He  was  on 
the  building  committee  which  erected  the  first 
church  in  l^fi7i  w-hich    has    since    been    siip- 


■'* 


HISTORY    OA'    OUKdON. 


1071 


mem- 

F.,  of 
been 
lodist 

was 
le  is 
is  im 

tii-sl 

Bllp- 


iilniitod  by  a  tine  8toiu<  striictiii'c.  Wk  is  a 
Ui'|iublican  lit  pulitius,  un<l  bus  served  liis 
eoiiiity  us  County  Coiniiiissioner,  ami  at  |ires- 
»>ut  is  a  member  of  tiic  City  Council,  lie 
tiikert  an  active  ii, >••••■••■»  in  public  Bcbool  mat- 
ters, ami  for  nine  yt;i  -served  on  tlie  iSoard 
of  Directors.  He  tieli.  \  s  in  tlie  luw  of  com- 
pulsory I'dm'ution,  fe-li'ig  tlmt  tbo  scliool  sys- 
tem etluctuiilly  "iiied  out  is  tlio  primary 
foundation  of  '   "est  govern  men  t. 

K.  lI.MilflNfJToN,  a  well-known  r.:.' 
favoiiilily  regarded  buBincss  man  of 
9  I'Mrtlaiid,  ()reij;on.  is  a  nativi;  if  Xow- 
foumlland,  wlicrc  be  was  born  on  Xoveinbor  ;J:.i, 
1828.  His  father,  .lereniiali  Harrington,  a  na- 
tive of  Ireland,  emigrated  wlieii  (juite  young, 
locating  in  St.  Johns,  .Newfoundland.  Here  be 
married  Margaret  Collins,  a  native  of  St.  Johns, 
Newfoundland.  They  had  teti  children,  of 
whom  only  two  survive.  They  removed  to  the 
TnitcMl  States  in  ISiio,  locating  in  Boston, 
iSIassacbusetts,  where  the  mother  died,  bis  father 
continuing  to  reside  there  until  his  death  in  his 
Beventysccond  year. 

AVben  fifteen  years  of  age  our  subject  went 
to  Dover,  New  Hampshire,  wheri^  he  lived  for 
five  years,  learning  the  bricklayers'  trade,  at 
which  lie  worke<l  in  Providence,  ISoston  and 
New  York.  In  1852  bo  set  sail  for  San  Fran- 
cisco, on  the  ship.  Samuel  Appleton,  with  212 
men  on  board,  making  the  voyage  in  140  days. 
Arrived  at  his  destination,  be  worked  at  bis 
trade  for  three  years,  receiving  for  his  work 
from  810  to  i^U'  a  day.  At  tlu^  end  of  this 
time  he  jmrcbased  a  piece  of  i)U8iness  property 
on  the  corner  of  Third  and  Evert  streets  for 
S1,5'V),  and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business. 
This  j'  'operty  is  now  worth  $80,000.  He  was 
in  San  Francisco  during  all  the  trying  times  of 
the  vigilant  connr. 'ttee;  and,  like  all  good  men, 
he  assisted  the  law-abiding  to  maintain  good 
government  for  the  city. 

He  married,  in  ISStl,  Aliss  Mary  (iovigan,  of 
New  Orh-ans.  They  have  had  seven  children,  four 
of  whom  are  living,  vi/,.:  ^[ary,  Josie.  John  and 
Fanney ;  and  Josie  is  now  the  wife  of  Mr.  Brink- 
erhoof,  the  first  assistant  engineer  of  the  steamer 
Columbia.  Mary  is  the  wife  of  Thomas  O'Brien, 
a  business  man  of  Portland.  John  B.  is  mar- 
ried, and  resides  in  a  handsome  new  residence  in 


Kant  Portland,  wbii'li  his  father  l)uilt  for  him  at 
a  cost  of  !it lit, 0(10,  also  giving  him  other  property 
to  the  value  of  .SOO.OOO. 

In  1H.")7  Mr.  Harrington  came  to  Portland, 
where  be  engaged  in  grocery  business  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Front  and  I!  strct't>,  con- 
tinning  there  a  year,  when  he  started  a 
grocery,  on  I'irst  street;  then  began  ship- 
ping Oregon  fruit  to  San  Francisco,  an<l  was 
the  j)ionccr  cider  man  of  I'ortland.  During  all 
his  business  {'areer,  be  has,  from  time  to  time, 
invested  in  choice  reale  state,  the  advance  of  his 
property  in  value  |)roving  c'>nclusivcly  the  cor- 
rectness of  bis  judgment.  He  has  erectetl  a 
number  of  buildings,  which  he  has  sold  as  op- 
portunity olf(!red,  and  all  at  a  good  good  jince, 
still  retaining  a  number  of  residences  and  biMi- 
ness  blocks.  In  1857,  on  coming  to  Portland, 
he  purcbaseil  of  (Japtaiii  l'"!aiider>  a  Mock  for 
$1,000,  which  at  that  time  was  located  in  the 
woods.  This  be  cleared  and  built  on  it,  which  he 
still  retains,  at  a  valuiifiou  of  $105,000.  Heat- 
tributes  his  succe>-<  to  his  real-estate  invest  uudits, 
having  accumulated  a  fortune  of  !i<;{00,000.  He 
has  Imilta  large  and  hanilsome  brick  block  in 
Hast  Portland,  on  Fourth  street;  the  Harring- 
ton block  being  a  credit  alik  to  him  and  to  the 
city. 

lie  has  attiliated  with  the  Democratic  party 
all  his  life,  and  have  several  times  been  honored 
with  ofHce  by  his  constituents,  serving  for  some 
time  as  a  member  of  the  City  (!ouncil  of  Port- 
land. He  is  not,  however,  an  ottiee-seeker  or 
wire  |)nller,  but  with  more  retired  tastes  has 
ceased  to  take  active  part  in  either  politics  or 
business,  being  employed  in  collecting  rents  and 
interest,  anil  looking  after  his  large  investments 
in  projierty.  He  is  still  hale  and  heirty,  ever 
cordial,  kind-hearted  and  ap])roachable.  He  is 
absorbed  in  Portland  and  her  interests,  and  in 
the  welfare  of  the  State  at  large,  feeling,  as  ho 
says,  that  lie  should  shoidd  "speak  well  of  the 
ship  that  has  carried  him  over."  His  many 
Worthy  traits  of  character  have  endeared  him  to 
the  community,  his  friends  and  his  family 
alike. 


fAMES  W.  HARE,  the  obliging,  efficient 
and  popular  Postmaster  of  Astoria,  was 
born  in  Barnesville,  Belmont  county,  Ohi.), 
September  8,  lS5~,  a  son  of  Dr.  William  Hare. 
The  latter  died  in  Tyler  county,  West  Virginia, 


1072 


BISTORT    OP    OREOON. 


m 


ill  ISnS,  liaving  iiiovcil  tliero  from  Oliio  in 
1863.  Our  subject  was  ediicatoil  in  tiie  ])nl)lie 
scIiodIs  of  AVust  Viririiiia,  and  later  in  tlie  city 
t<cliool8  of  ( 'inciniiati.  In  187~.  wIkmi  jet  a  boy, 
he  be<ian  Bteaiiiboatin^on  the  Ohio  river,  and  a 
sliort  time  afterward  began  raih'oad  work,  hav- 
ing  tilled  various  positions  of  trust  in  the  latter 
capacity.  July  1,  187U,  he  was  appointed  As- 
sistant Keeper  of  the  Government  Lighthouse 
at  Port  A(iains,  Oregon,  under  R.  M.  Lame. 
Mr.  I  [are  has  served  as  engineer,  first  mate  and 
fireman  on  several  Columbia  river  steamers;  for 
iive  years  was  ejiief  engineer  of  the  Fire  De- 
partment of  Astoria,  Uescuc  Company,  No.  2, 
and  while  serving  in  this  capacity  was  appointed 
by  President  Harrison  to  serve  the  people  of 
Astoria  as  I'ostniaster.  Since  taking  charge  of 
the  office  he  has  established  a  free  delivery, 
with  an  annual  receipt  of  over  $12,000.  The 
office  is  ill  tlie  (Joverninent  building,  and  four 
carriers,  two  deputies  and  one  assistant  are  em- 
ployed. The  deliveries  are  made  after  the  ar- 
rival of  tlie  steamers,  twice  each  day. 

Mr.  Hare  was  married  September  20,  1883, 
to  Miss  Sarali  Brown,  a  native  of  this  city,  and 
they  have  two  children:  Martha  Ellen  and  Jo- 
seph Thoir.as.  Socially,  our  subject  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  K.  of  P.,  Pacific  Lodge,  Xo.  17,  is 
President  of  the  Marine  Engineer's  Beneficial 
Association,  and  president  of  the  l''ire  Depart- 
ment of  Astoria. 


UlARLES  W.  (iAY  is  among  the  repre- 
sentative men  of  Mount  Tabor.  He  was 
born  in  Maine,  Alarcli  11,  1840,  and  his 
father,  EliplmsGay,  was  horn  in  the  same  State, 
August  11,  1811.  Their  ancestors  came  fro!n 
England  before  the  Revolution,  and  our  sub- 
ject's grandfather,  Timothy  Gay,  was  a  soldier 
in  tlie  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  appoint-id 
by  the  Rev.  Jason  Lee,  one  of  the  prominent 
founders  of  Methodism  in  Maine,  the  second 
Class-leader  in  the  town  of  Farmington.  He 
WHS  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church  for 
sixty  years,  that  being  the  religion  of  the  entire 
family.  IVfr.  (iay's  father  married  Doratliy 
Johnson,  of  his  own  State,  and  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  Levi  Johnson,  a  hotel-keeper  in  North 
Vienna,  Maine.  She  was  a  school  teacher  at  the 
time  of  her  marriage.  They  had  four  (children. 
She  was  an  excellent  woman,  a  faithful  member 


of  the  Methodist  Church  and  died  in  1847.  Her 
husband  also  belonged  to  the  same  church.  lie 
was  a  farmer  all  his  life,  and  lived  a  good, 
upright  life,  dying  in  1889. 

('liarles  Gay  was  the  youngest  child,  and  is 
now  the  only  survivor  of  the  family.  He  was 
raised  and  educated  in  Farmington,  the  place  of 
his  birth.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  came 
to  California,  via  Panama,  and  for  four  years 
was  engaged  in  mining  at  lone  City,  Mule 
Town  and  Morris  Town.  Like  other  miners,  he 
made  and  lost  money.  Out  of  one  claim  he 
took  SSIOO.  sometimes  getting  as  much  as  %i  in 
one  pan  of  dirt,  and  one  time  took  out  840  in 
one  tlay.  When  he  discovered  his  best  claim 
they  said  in  the  newspaper  that  a  greenhorn 
from  the  States  had  struck  it  big.  At  that 
time  he  had  found  SIO  in  one  pan  of  dirt.  Af- 
ter he  left  the  mines  he  came  to  Port'and,  and 
M-as  sent  by  a  company  of  men  to  examine  the 
new  mines  at  Morris  City.  If  he  found  them 
satisfactory  he  was  to  take  up  and  hold  all  the 
clai-ns  he  could.  When  he  got  there  he  found 
the  coui>try  very  broken,  a  great  deal  of  snow, 
thousands  of  men,  and  no  gold  to  be  found  out- 
side of  the  claims  already  taken.  He  reported 
adversely,  and  went  to  the  Dalles  and  worked  in 
the  Mess  house,  where  they  were  huilding  the 
railroad.  He  was  hired  by  L.  F.  Carter  who 
has  since  been  Surveyor-General  of  Idaho.  After 
this  Mr.  Gay  went  to  Oregon  City  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  William  E.  lirainard,  and 
they  were  together  a  year  and  a  half,  then  in  the 
fall  of  1864  came  to  Mount  Tabor,  and  pur- 
chased 160  acres  of  land. 

In  18f)5  Mr.  (ray  was  married  to  Minerva, 
daughter  of  N.  JJ.  Gillham,  who  in  1852 
brought  a  large  train  of  emigrants  to  Oregon. 
They  have  had  six  children:  Emma  C, died  inlier 
twentieth  year;  Nellie  ('.,  married  Frank  Wal- 
ton, and  they  reside  in  AVashington;  Frank  E., 
resides  in  California;  Rufiis  A.  is  at  home; 
(trace  O.  and  Clara  C.  are  at  school. 

Mr.  Gay  and  h.is  partner  o,Hirated  the  proper- 
ty together,  and  set  out  2,000  pear  trees.  They 
till  n  divided  the  place,  Mr.  Gay  taking  forty 
acres  with  the  improvements  for  his  share. 
They  were  a  mile  and  a  half  from  schools,  and  in 
1874  Mr.  (ray  sold  the  property  for  !f5,000,  in 
cash,  and  purchased  forty  acres  on  the  west  side, 
near  the  schoolliouse,  o*  Mr.  ,] .  S.  Newell,  for 
84,200.  Mrs.  (iay's  father  gave  her  thirty 
acres  adjoining  it,  and  the  farm  is  now  consid- 
ered   as  being  worth  $70,000.     Mr.   Gay   has 


ii 


n  I  STORY    Of    OliKGON. 


io:;t 


continued  to  invest  in  real  estiite  until  ho  now 
has  700  acres  of  land.  He  has  built  a  nice 
home.  The  property  where  he  built  has  been 
changed  from  a  rough  forest  to  a  beautiful  ini- 
proveil  country,  dotted  over  already  with  homes, 
showing  that  it  has  been  settled  by  people  of  re- 
lined  tastes,  and,  in  many  instances,  wealth. 

The  family  are  members  of  the  Portland 
Taylor  Street  Methodist  Church,  and  Mr.  Gay 
takes  an  active  interest  in  its  welfare.  Jle  was 
the  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  lie 
is  a  strong  temperance  man  and  Prohibitionist. 
In  1875  he  was  nominated  on  the  Independent 
ticket  for  State  Senator,  and  he  stumped  the 
county,  coming  within  forty  votes  of  election. 
Considering  that  he  ran  against  great  odds,  the 
canves  was  very  creditable.  He  has  been  Super- 
visor and  has  given  great  satisfaction.  He  is  a 
man  of  character  and  ability  and  is  worthy  of 
the  succesb  he  has  attained. 


fOllN  L.  DOUGLASS,  deceased,  a  promi- 
nent and  prosperous  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852,  well  known  throughout  Multnomah 
county  as  a  man  of  upright  character  and  genial 
disposition,  and  whose  loss  was  lamented  wher- 
ever he  was  known,  was  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, having  been  born  in  Crawford  county, 
April  30,  1837.  His  parents,  John  and  Eliz- 
abeth (Le  Fever)  Douglass,  were  both  natives  of 
the  Keystone  State  where  the  former  was  born 
June  15,  1794,  and  the  latter  April  25,  1801. 
They  were  married  in  the  State  of  their  birth, 
November  30,  1819,  and  had  ten  children,  of 
whom  John  L.  was  tlie  ninth  in  order  of  birth. 
About  the  year  1840  the  father  joined  the  gen- 
eral exodus,  then  commencing,  toward  the  West, 
and  with  his  family  removed  to  Indiana,  set- 
tling in  Wells  county.  Here  they  resided  eleven 
years,  their  son,  John  L.,  being  reared  on  the 
home  farm,  and  receivi-.ig  his  eddcation  in  the 
county  schools.  At  the  end  of  this  time,  in 
November,  1851,  the  family  again  turned  their 
faces  toward  the  W^est,  this  time  making  the 
long  trip  across  the  plains,  thus  traveling  al- 
most across  the  entire  continent,  from  ocean  to 
ocean,  and  that  at  a  time  when  traveling  was 
exceedingly  tedious  and  slow.  In  their  journey 
across  the  plains  they  met  with  many  hard- 
ships, which  culminated  in  the  sickness  and 
death  of  the  Injloved  wife  and  mother,  who  died 


August  5,  1852,  and  was  sorrowfully  buried  <in 
the  banks  of  the  Green  river.  With  sad  hearts 
the  remaining  members  of  the  little  home  circle 
then  pressed  onward,  reaching  Multnomah 
county  November  12,  1852.  Here  they  settled 
on  land,  and  once  more  eonuneneed  the  life  of 
frontiersmen,  where   the  father  afterward  died. 

.lolm  L.  Douglass,  whose  name  heads  this 
notice,  was  about  fourteen  years  of  age  when 
his  parents  eniignited  to  Oregon,  and  lived  for 
some  years  witli  the  family  on  their  land  in 
Multnomah  co\inty.  In  Januarj',  1858,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Eliza  Mitchell,  a  lady  of  do- 
mestic tastes  and  accomplishments,  residing  in 
his  neighborhood.  This  happy  union  was  of 
short  duration,  being  terminated  by  the  death 
of  the  devoted  wife  and  mother  on  March  20, 
1867.  Of  their  three  children,  two  now  sur- 
vive: George  W.,  a  highly  esteemed  resident  of 
Troutdale,  and  James  A.,  of  whom  a  sketch 
immediately  follows.  While  yet  a  young  man, 
the  father  departed  this  life  on  June  13,  1873, 
bereaving  his  children  of  a  loving  father's  care, 
and  leaving  many  friends  to  mourn  his  loss. 

James  II.  Douglass  was  the  third  child  of 
John  \j.  Douglass,  and  was  born  in  Multnomah 
county,  Oregon,  July  4,  18(55.  He  was  thus 
eight  years  of  age  when  he  was  bereaved  of  his 
ftither's  care,  his  mother  having  died  some  years 
previously.  He  was  reared  to  farming,  but  has 
recently  engaged  in  other  business.  In  1890 
he  built  the  well-known  Troutdale  livery,  feed 
and  sale  stables,  which  he  conducted  success- 
lully  for  a  year,  when  he  sold  out  and  engaged 
in  the  real-estate  and  insurance  business,  which 
he  still  conducts.  He  represents  several  of  the 
best  lire  insurance  companies,  besides  standard 
life  and  accident  associations.  Besides  this,  he 
conducts  a  cigar,  tobacco,  toy  and  notion  tore, 
in  which  he  is  assisted  by  his  aniiabli,  wife. 
Mr.  Douglass  owns  valuable  agricultural  lands 
adjacent  to  Troutdale,  consisting  of  fifty  acres, 
thirty-tive  cf  which  is  devoted  to  general  farm- 
ing, and  two  and  a  half  to  a  young  orchard  of 
a  general  variety  of  i,hoice  fruit  trees.  He  also 
owns  choice  residence  property  in  Troutdale, 
and  is  universally  regarded  as  a  prosperous  and 
honorable  man  and  progressive  citizen. 

He  was  nnirried  June  13,  1888,  to  Miss  Eu- 
nice Meserve,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  daughter 
of  Dr.  J.  W.  Meserve,  of  Columbia  county,  Ore- 
gon. Mrs.  Douglass  is  gifted  with  consider- 
able musical  talent,  anil  is  a  lady  of  domestic 
and  social  culture.     Their  twelve  children  in- 


U''      I 


i  . 


il 


ill 


^iV 


1074 


HISTOHY    OP    OliKOOlf. 


'■Vi  ;ti 


lierit  this  musical  gift,  and  form  u  baud  of 
twelve  pieees.  which  often  entertain  tiie  public 
and  other  lovers  of  instrumental  music.  Har- 
low, tlieir  only  son,  is  also  the  oldest,  and  enjoys 
the  distinction  of  being  the  first  white  child  ever 
liorii  in  Troutdaie. 

Socially,  Mr.  Douglass  affiliates  with  the  \.  O. 
U.  W.  and  the  \.  ().  V.  of  Troutdaie.  He  is  a 
man  of  .executive  ability,  honorable  in  all  his 
dealings,  and  enjoys  the  universal  respectofhis 
fellow-men. 

fOHN  GIJKE-^'  has  been  a  resident  of  the 
State  of  Oregon  since  1849,  and  through 
his  own  efforts  has  arisen  to  a  position  of 
financial  iudej)endence.  He  is  a  native  of  the 
Emjiire  State,  born  October  10,  ls20.  His 
father,  liartholomew  Green,  a  native  of  Con- 
necticut, married  Miss  Deborah  Dodge,  of  his 
owTi  State;  she  was  a  member  of  one  of  the  old 
Colonial  families, her  father  having  been  an  officer 
in  the  Continental  army.  The  result  of  this 
inai'riage  was  eight  children,  two  daughters  and 
one  son  surviving.  John  was  the  fifth-born; 
the  first  ten  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in 
Dutchess  county,  and  at  that  early  age  he  went 
to  New  York  city,  where  ho  became  a  clerk  in 
a  mercantile  establishment.  He  continued  there 
until  1849,  when  the  gold  discovery  in  Califor- 
nia turned  all  eyes  toward  the  setting  sun.  De- 
termining to  seek  his  own  fortune  in  the  West, 
he  shipped  on  the  ('lydo  for  San  Francisco;  ar- 
riving in  tiiat  city,  he  embarked  in  the  general 
mercantile  traile,  which  lie  conducted  for  a  time; 
later  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  friend, 
H.  V,.  Leonard,  and  they  came  to  Oregon,  stop- 
ping at  Astoria,  where  they  established  a  mer- 
cantile business.  They  opened  trade  with  for- 
eign ports,  shipping  products  to  the  islands  of 
Japan,  China  and  to  Russia.  After  a  year 
spent  in  Astoria,  they  removed  to  Portland, 
and  there,  in  1852,  eml)arked  in  a  general  mer- 
cantile trade,  to  which  they  added  a  commission 
business. 

In  1S58  H.  D.  Green,  brother  of  John  (ireen, 
estalilishcd  the  City  Waterworks,  Mr.  Green  and 
Mr.  iieonard  joining  him  in  the  enterprise, 
with  which  they  were  connectiHl  until  1886;  in 
that  year  they  sold  their  interest,  in  the  city  of 
Portland,  for  ;frjOO,()00.  They  also  organized  the 
(fas  Light  Company,  in  which  Mr.  Green  is  a 
heavy  stockholder.     In    1876  the  brother  d'ed, 


ami  the  com[iuny  was  made  a  stock  company, 
being  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  Port- 
land Gas  ('omjiany.  Mr.  Green  is  now  |)resi- 
dent  of  the  corporation,  and  his  old  fi'iend  and 
partner,  Mr.  Leonard,  is  secretary;  they  two  are 
the  principal  owners,  and  the  cajiital  stock  is 
now  $1,(K)0.()()(».  They  have  a  valuable  ]))aMt, 
which  they  built  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
They  are  largely  intereoted  in  I'ortland  city 
])ropertv. 

Mr.  Green  became  a  member  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  at  the  time  of  its  organization,  and 
during  the  war  liberally  sustained  the  cause  of 
the  Union.  Aside  from  this,  he  has  never  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  political  (piestions,  but  has 
devoted  his  energies  to  the  development  of 
commercial  enterprises. 


*S|}«>« 


fOHN  KItKDKRICK  GROVES.— Among 
the  enterisiiig  and  prosperous  hop-growers 
and  business  men  of  Polk  county,  Oregon, 
is  to  be  found  the  gentleman  whose  name  heads 
this  tketch. 

Mr.  Groves  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  born  Sep- 
tember 25,  184().  His  father,  John  Groves, 
was  a  native  of  the  State  of  Maryland,  born  in 
1826;  removed  to  Indiana,  where  he  married 
Miss  Jane  Sutton,  who  was  born  in  that  State. 
They  had  six  children,  of  whom  five  were  reared 
to  maturity.  In  1864  he  came  with  his  family 
across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  starting  from  Adel, 
Dallas  county,  Iowa,  May  5,  and  making  the 
journey  in  company  with  a  large  train.  They 
had  good  health,  the  Indians  gave  them  no 
trouble,  and  their  horses  stood  the  trip  well. 
When  they  arrived  in  Oregon  they  settled  on 
rented  lauds,  two  miles  south  of  Dallas.  There 
they  farmed  successfully  two  years,  after 
which  they  purchased  320  acres  in  Marion 
county,  and  resided  on  it  eight  years.  At  the 
expiration  of  that  time  Mr.  Groves  sold  out  and 
removed  to  northern  California,  taking  all  his 
family,  except  John  F.  He  jiurchased  500  acres 
of  land  ill  \lodoc  county,  and  there  resided 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1890.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Christian  Chui-ch,  was  in 
|)olitics  a  Democrat,  and  was  an  honest,  indils- 
trions  and  respected  citizen.  His  wife  survives 
him,  and  is  still  living  at  the  home  in  Modoo 
county.  One  of  the  sons,  George,  is  in  Idaho. 
The  other  children  are  in  California. 


wk 


lUaTURV    OF    OltSUON. 


1075 


city 


The  subject  of  tliii  sketch  was  in  his  eigh- 
toenth  year  wlien  he  arrived  in  Oregon.  Vonng 
as  he  was,  he  liad  just  married,  in  Iowa,  Miss 
Ada  Mericl,  a  native  nf  that  State,  and  a  daiicrli- 
ter  of  Benjamin  Mericl.  Ilis  young  wife  ac- 
companied him  to  this  State,  and  they  began 
life  as  farmers  on  rented  land.  Hy  steady,  per- 
sistent industry  he  was  prospered,  and  in  188-4. 
when  the  hop  business  began  to  be  talked  of  in 
Oregon,  be  purchased  twnnty-five  acres  of  land, 
which  is  now  in  the  incorporated  limits  of 
Dallas,  and  became  oifc  t)f  the  pioneers  in  tha 
hop  culture  industry.  The  following  year, 
1883,  he  purcliased  147  acres  of  land  on  the 
I.uckanuite;  these  lands  he  has  since  farmed. 
The  hop  vines  he  planted  in  1884  are  still 
bearing,  his  average  crop  being  2,500  pounds  to 
the  acre.  He  has  received  as  high  as  40 
cents  per  pound  for  his  product,  and  from  that 
down  to  7  cents. 

After  coming  to  Dallas  to  reside,  Mr.  droves 
at  once  identified  himself  with  the  best  interests 
of  the  city,  and  has  since  been  interested  in  its 
growth  anil  development.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Dallas  Land  &  Improvement 
Company,  of  whicli  he  was  elected  a  director. 
The  company  purchased  large  tracts  of  land  a<l- 
joining  the  city,  which  they  subdivided  and 
sold.  Since  then  they  have  purchased  other 
tracts,  and  still  the  work  of  improvement  goes 
on.  Nearly  all  the  valuable  business  houses 
here  have  been  built  since  Mr.  Groves  came  to 
the  place.  lie  is  also  a  stockliohler  in  the  large 
woolen  factory  now  being  built  in  the  city,  with 
a  capacity  of  1,200  pounds  of  wool  per  day. 
Politically,  Mr.  Groves  aHiliates  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  In  1884  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
Polk  county,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  was 
re-elec'v(^d  to  succeed  himself,  serving  a  second 
term  with  his  usnal  [)romptnes8  and  efficiency, 
and  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  his  constituents. 
Believing  in  the  advancement  of  educational 
interests,  and  being  chosen  several  years  as 
School  Director,  he  was  instrumental  in  bringing 
the  schools  of  the  city  up  to  their  present  cred- 
itable standing. 

Mrs.  Groves  departed  this  life  in  1873.  She 
had  three  children:  William  B.,  Belle  and 
Clark.  The  daughter  died  in  her  seventeenth 
year.  In  1886  Mr.  Groves  married  Miss  Alice 
Tatom,  a  native  of  Oregon.  Her  father,  James 
Tfttom,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  this 
State.  They  have  two  children:  Madge  and 
Emerson. 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Groves  are  Presbyterians  and 
prominent  church  workers,  he  being  a  Deacon, 
and  she  having  served  as  Superintendcnit  of  the 
Sunday-school. 


with    his    mother   and 
fourteenth    year.     He 


fOHN  (i.VRNOLD,  who  is  engaged  in  the 
undertaking  business  in  Portland.  Oregon, 
was  born  in  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  in 
1845,  son  of  John  E.  and  Catherine  (Evans) 
Garnold,  natives  of  Louisiana.  His  father  was 
by  profession  a  surgeon,  and  conducted  a  large 
practice  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1847. 
His  widow  remarried  and  subsequently  re- 
moved to  Wisconsin. 

John    (rarnold    lived 
grandmother    until    his 

then  began  learning  the  trade  of  cabinet-maker, 
which  trade  he  mastered  an<l  afterward  worked  at 
in  various  localities  until  about  1805.  That 
year  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Union  & 
Central  Pacific  Railroads,  and  traveled  toward 
the  Pacific  coast,  fitting  up  the  ticket  ottices  at 
the  stations  alonif  the  lines  of  these  roads,  ar- 
riving  in  California  in  1806.  He  remained  in 
the  employ  of  these  companies  until  February, 
1808,  when  he  removed  to  Portland.  Here  he 
entered  the  employ  of  John  P.  Walker,  a  prom- 
inent manufacturer  of  doors,  sash  and  mill  work, 
and  with  him  remained  until  the  destructive  fire 
of  August,  1873,  when  the  factory  was  burned 
down.  He  then  worked  at  his  trade  on  the 
custom  house  and  post  office,  and  in  partnership 
with  Delin  «&  Edwards  secured  the  contract  to 
make  the  furniture  and  fittings  for  the  build- 
ing which  occupied  him  until  1876.  Ho  then 
entered  into  partnership  with  John  Ewry,  the 
pioneer  undertaker,  and  the  firm  of  Ewry  & 
(rarnold  continued  business  until  January,  1801. 
At  that  time  Mr.  Ewry  sold  his  interest  to  Mr. 
Garnold,  who  has  since  coni^.ucted  the  business 
alone. 

He  was  married  in  Portland  in  1872  to  Miss 
Ellen  Latham,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  B.  Latham,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1850. 
They  have  two  children:  Catharine  and  Lena. 

^ir.  (rarnold  is  a  member  of  the  Ancient  (Jr- 
der  of  Druids,  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men, 
Ancient  Order  of  Foresters,  Woodmen  of  the 
World,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and 
Veteran  Volunteer  Firemen's  Association.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  volunteer  department  more 


\V 


»l 


107« 


HISTORY    OF    OHBQON 


than  8fven  years,  and  until  the  pay  department 
was  establislied.  In  jxilitics  he  is  a  Kepubli- 
can.  and  has  served  one  term  as  Coroner.  lie 
is  not,  however,  an  offiuo-seeker. 

^-^^^^4H' ^^' ^ — '  '* 

fOlIN  1'.  I-'RYEIl.  a  prominent  native  son  of 
()reii;on,  was  born  in  Wasiiinofton  county, 
near  lliilsboro.  May  7,  1S5S.  His  father, 
Joiiii  1^.  Fryer,  was  horn  in  Green  county,  Ken- 
tucky, in  1823.  and  married  when  youni;,  in  the 
East,  kising  his  wife.  In  1852  he,  in  company 
with  his  chiM,  father,  mother,  and  three  i)rotii- 
ers,  Alexander,  .)oBe|)liu8  and  James  M.  Fryer, 
and  three  sisters,  Hetty,  Sarah  and  Elvira,  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon.  Tliey  made  the  journey 
with  oxen,  and  it  was  a  t-  .le  and  fairly  pleasant 
trip.  He  remained  a  few  months  at  Oregon 
City,  coming  in  the  spring  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
where  he  worked  ^on  the  donation  claim  of 
James  llamage.  He  then  returned  to  Washing- 
ton county,  where  he  farmed  rented  lands  and 
did  wagon  work  until  1862,  when  he  again  re- 
turned to  Yam  Hill  county,  and  fanned  rented 
land  there  for  three  years.  He  then  purchased 
a  farm  of  412  acres  for  $3,;J()0,  going  largely 
into  debt,  but  worked  hard  and  was  very  pros- 
perous, and  was  eniibled  to  pay  for  the  land,  and 
make  valuable  improvements  on  it.  He  died 
in  18T7,  in  histifty-fourth  year,  greatly  .lamented 
by  his  family  and  friends.  His  second  wife  was 
Mrs.  Diana  Landers,  wiilow  of  Abraham  Land- 
ers, and  daughter  of  John  Decker.  She  had 
come  to  Oregon  in  1847.  She  had  five  children 
by  her  tirst  marriage, all  now  living;  Mary  Jane, 
nowthewifeof  William  Tucker;  Adaline,  wife  of 
Charles  Bucl<iiigham',  Martha,  wife  of  William 
Merchant;  Ellen,  wife  of  a  Mr.  Logan;  and 
(ieorge  W.  Landers,  the  only  son  by  her  tirst 
husband.  15y  her  marriage  with  Mr.  Fryer,  she 
had  four  chrildren,  three  now  living:  Sarah  A., 
died  i'l  18U1;  John  T.;  .\ngeline,  wife  of  Al- 
bert .] .  Edson;  Netty,  wife  of  James  Edson,  all 
of  whom  reside  in  Carlton.  The  mother  died 
in  1882,  leaving  many  friends  to  mourn  her  loss, 
(rrandfather  John  I'"rvi'r  and  his  wile,  who  was 
a  Vaughn,  lived  princi|)ally  with  their  son, 
John  L.,  anil  attained  to  a  good  old  age.  They 
were  all  worthy  and  honored  j)ioneer8of  Oregon. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch,  John  T.  Fryer,  re- 
sided with  his  parents  in  AYasliington  county 
until  his    sixth   year,    when    he    accompanied 


them  to  Yam  Hill  county,  where  he  attended 
the  district  school,  and  later  the  Monmouth 
College  and  the  State  University  at  Eugene 
City.  After  completing  his  education,  he  man- 
aged the  farm,  and  after  his  father's  death  the 
property  was  divided  among  his  two  sisters  and 
himself,  since  when  he  has  resided  on  the  home- 
stead. 

In  187!»  he  married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Hutch- 
croft,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a  native  of  Wiscon- 
sin, her  father  being  Mr.  Kobert  Hutchcroft. 
They  have  three  ■  children,  born  in  Carlton: 
Harry  L.,  Millard  and  Robert  Lewis. 

Politically,  Mr.  Fryer  is  a  Democrat,  and  has 
discharged  the  duties  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  in 
a  most  able  and  satisfactory  manner.  He  is  an 
active  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W..  and  at  the 
writing  of  this  sketch  held  the  office  of  Over- 
seer. 

With  all  the  advantages  that  fair  circum- 
stances and  education  can  bestow,  besides  being 
gifted  with  good  intelligence  aiul  extreme  activ- 
ity, it  is  not  surprising  that  lie  should  be  prom- 
inent in  liis  neighborhood,  while  his  kindly 
disposition  endears  him  to  all  with  whom  he 
comes  in  contact. 


J^EXJAMIN    FRANKLIN    FULLER,   an 
lb  j  intelligent  and  progressive  citizen  of  Mc- 


Miunvilie,  Oregon,  who  for  thirty-one 
years  has  been  an  inhabitant  of  the  State,  is 
native  of  New  York  State,  where  he  was  born 
July  20,  1821t.  His  father.  Ezekiel  Fuller,  was 
born  in  Massachusetts  on  July  iH,  178().  He 
married  Miss  Eunice  Wyman,  a  native  of  Pitts- 
field,  Massachusetts,  who  was  born  April  1, 
1794.  They  had  ten  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  now  living.  From  Massachusetts  they  re- 
moved to  New  York,  and  from  ihere  to  Michi- 
gan, and  later  to  La  Grange,  Indiana,  then  a  wild, 
iinsettled  country.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  a 
farmer.  He  had  been  a  Democrat  in  politics, 
but  became  a  RepublicaTi,  and  lor  some  years 
held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  I'eace.  He  was 
an  industrious,  worthy  and  reliaiile  citizen,  aiul 
highly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him.  He 
died  in  La  Grange  September  9,  1859,  aged 
seventy-three,  much  lamented  by  the  com- 
mniiitv.  His  wife  survived  him  until  1880, 
when  she  died,  aged  eighty-six  years.     She  was 


illaroHY    OF    OREGON. 


1077 


an  edueateil  atul  accomplislied  lady,  witli  many 
aiiiialilc  traits  of  character,  which  eiuloai-ed  her 
to  a  large  circle  of  friends. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  eicfhth 
child  ami  seventh  son,  and  hence  his  parents 
named  him  after  the  renowned  statesman  and 
patriot,  Dr.  ISenjaniin  Franklin.  lie  was  roared 
in  Michigan,  attending  the  district  schools,  and 
later  learned  the  carpenters'  trade.  In  18(51  he 
crossed  the  plains,  comini^  direct  to  Oregon,  and 
to  Vani  Hill  connty,  where  he  worked  at  his 
trade  until  September,  1865,  when  he  purchased 
111^  acres  of  land.  This  ho  rented  out,  and 
continued  to  work  at  his  trade.  Later  ho  added 
to  his  farm  until  he  had  1(14  acres,  costing  him 
$14  an  acre.  This  land  he  improved  by  build- 
ing on  it  a  good  house  and  barn,  etc.,  and  put- 
ting it  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation;  he 
made  of  it  a  vi  .y  valuable  piece  of  property,  and 
sohi  it  in  1891 '  for  $47.50  an  acre.  He  then 
purchased  lots  in  McMinnville,  and,  doing 
nearly  all  th((  work  himself,  he  built  a  handsome 
residence  on  the  southeastern  corner  of  Fifth  and 
E  streets,  where  he  now  resides,  surrounded 
with  the  comforts  which  his  industry  has  pur- 
chased. The  house  is  suggestive  of  elegance 
and  refinement,  and  the  grounds  are  tastefully 
laid  out  and  rendered  attractive  by  ornamental 
trees  and  shrubs. 

lie  was  married  on  Xoveinber  28,  1857,  in 
Batavia,  Michigan,  to  Miss  Lydia  Jane  Cook,  a 
native  of  Michigan,  and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Sher- 
lock Cook,  of  that  State.  He  died  in  ^lichigan, 
but  the  wife  and  mother  came  to  t)regon,  where 
shedieci.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fuller  have  one  son,  who 
was  born  Djcember  iJO,  18()1,  in  Vam  Hill 
county,  and  is  now  residing    in    McMinnville. 

In  1873,  wlien  the  (xrange  was  organized,  Mr. 
Fuller  became  interested  in  it,  and  later,  when 
they  built  the  co-operative  store,  he  took  stock, 
and'  was  the  contractor  who  built  it.  He  also 
took  stoak  in  the  creamery  and  cold-storage 
company,  and  has  interested  himself  in  the  up- 
building of  the  county. 

He  ha^  been  a  Il3pul)lican  all  of  his  life,  but 
is  now  a  Prohibitionist.  Some  years  ago,  wholly 
unsought  by  him,  he  was  nominated  and  elected 
one  of  the  County  Commissioners  of  his  county, 
and  served  faithfully  for  two  years  in  that  ca- 
pacity, doing  gt'od  work  for  his  connty,  and 
heartily  indorsed  by  his  constitutents. 

Like  many  of  Oregon'^  best  men,  he  came  to 
the  Stat'j  pior.  In  f  ict,  it  wouM  seem  as  if 
dame  fortune  arraugod  for  all  of  her  best  men  a 


probationary  course  in  the  hard  school  of  exper- 
ience and  ])overty,  that  tliey  might  be  the  better 
fitted  to  enjoy  her  smile  and  favor  in  latei' years. 
Certain  it  is  that  she  found  good  material  in 
our  subject,  and  in  return  she  has  rendered  him 
suitable  reward. 


fO.  HANTIiOUN.— Clogelyconiiected  with 
the  canning  interests  of  Astoria  we  find 
'  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  born 
in  Westerville,  Franklin  connty,  Ohio,  August 
'20,  1S51.  His  parents,  N.  M.  and  Anna  M. 
(Spillman)  Hanthorn,  were  natives  of  the  same 
State,  where  the  father  was  connecte(l  with  mer- 
cantile interests,  and  in  Wisconsin,  Illinois, 
Missouri  and  Iowa.  In  1802  he  procure<l  a  |)rai- 
rie  outfit,  and  with  ox  teams  removed  his  family 
to  Oregon,  first  locating  in  Yam  Hill  county. 
He  farmed  in  Vam  Hill  and  Washington  counties 
until  1867,  when  he  settled  in  Portland  and 
followed  mercantile  life  until  the  winter  of  1870, 
when  he  removed  to  MoiseC'ity,  Idaho,  and  for 
eight  years  was  Auditor  and  Recorder  of  .Vda 
county,  being  elected  and  re-elected  by  the 
Democratic  party.  In  IsSl  he  I'Cinoved  to 
Weiser  City,  Idaho,  and  after  one  year  in  the 
hotel  business  he  was  elected  Probate  J  udge,  and 
is  still  the  incumbent  of  that  office. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  Eastern  and  Ore- 
gon schools.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  started  to 
support  himself,  and.  as  a  foundation  to  build 
upon,  he  first  applied  himself  to  learning  the 
trade  of  tinner,  wliicli,  having  accomplished,  he 
pursued  until  1870,  when  his  interest  was  called 
to  the  salmon  canning  interests.  He  passed  one 
season  in  the  tinning  department  of  tlie  Eagle 
Cliff  C banning  Factory,  owned  by  IIaj)good  & 
Humes,  and  then  followed  his  trade  during  the 
winter  in  Portland,  Oregon.  In  1871  we  again 
find  him  in  the  same  cannery.  He  then  followed 
his  trade  in  Portland  until  the  spring  of  1873, 
wiien  he  was  employed  as  superintendent  of  the 
cannery  of  R.  D.  Humes,  at  l>ay  View,  AVashing- 
ton,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  the  fall 
of  1870,  when  he  commenced  building  his  pres- 
ent spacious  cannery  at  Astoria,  in  partnership 
with  Willian  Wadhams  and  Wesley  Jackson,  of 
Portland.  They  commenced  packing  during  the 
season  of  1877,  and  put  up  16,000  cases,  which 
output  has  steadily  increased,  witii  experience  and 
increased  facilities,  until  their  annual  pack  lias 


11)78 


lit  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


rciichcd  iiliout  30,000  cnecs.  Their  cstiiblisli- 
iiient  is  conviMiieiitly  iii'raiiued  for  (•(iiidiictirijjf 
this  hirire  Itiisiiiuss,  and  tho  stiindsird  of  their 
iHU'k  is  hiirli  in  Knirlaiid  and  Aincrioa.  Tiie 
tirin  imiiie  of  J.  O.  llanthorn  &  t'o.  is  con- 
tinued, altiiouf;li  the  controlllTig'  interest  has 
centered  with  tlie  siilijectof  tiiis  sketcli. 

Mr.  llanthorn  was  married  in  Portland,  in 
i874,  to  Miss  Ida.I.  ivelioifjT,  a  native  of  Oregon, 
dangliter  of  .1.  !>.  ive]loi;cr,  a  pioneer  of  1852. 
They  have  had  I'oiir  children:  Claude  15.,  Wesley 
11.,  Ida  Hazel,  deceased,  and  Ida  Faith.  So- 
eiall.y.  Ml-,  llanthorn  attiliates  with  the  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  K.  of  P.  and  A.  O.  l'.  \V.  In  Uusiness  he  is 
energetic,  resolute  and  enterprising,  and  is  iiiini- 
hered  among  the  I'cpresentativc  Imsiness  men  of 
Astoria.  His  name  is  a  familiar  one  among  the 
cannedifoods  dealers  throui>'h  the  United  States 
and  Furopo.  He  owns  valuulile  projierty  in 
Portland.  Oregon,  also  in  Astoria  and  (Clatsop 
county.  Oregon.  In  fact,  he  is  what  is  termed 
one  of  Oregon's  self-made  men. 

UlAULES  W.  IIFLLENURAX  I)  emigra- 
ted to  the  State  of  Oregon  in  1851*,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and 
prosperous  Imsiness  men  of  Salem.  lie  is  a 
native  of  the  State  of  ifaine,  horn  in  Hangor. 
J  )ecendier  13, 184.").  His  father,  Charles  Ileilen- 
brand,  emigrated  fi'om  France  to  tlie  United 
States  in  1835,  and  was  married  in  liangor, 
Maine,  to  Miss  Martlia  Foster,  a  native  of  that 
State,  and  the  daughter  of  William  Foster,  of 
Argyle,  Maine.  Thei-e  were  born  of  this  union 
ten  children, oidy  two  of  whom  survive.  Charles 
W.  was  given  the  advantage  of  the  public  schools, 
anil  took  a  commercial  course  in  the  college  at 
I'ortland,  Oregon,  lie  was  in  the  hotel  business 
in  that  city  with  his  father,  but  in  1869  he  catTie 
to  Salem  and  opened  a  restaurant,  which  he  has 
managed  successfully;  he  is  also  a  manufacturer 
of  confectionery,  and  sells  large  (piantities  of 
fruits,  cigars  and  tol)acco8.  His  promptness, 
liberality,  and  honorable  moHiods  soon  secured  a 
line  trade,  which  he  has  held  for  twenty-four 
years.  Charles  llellenbrand,  father  of  Charles 
\\ ..  died  in  ls71 ;  the  mother  still  survives  at  the 
age  of  eighty -one  years  (1891). 

Mr.  llellenbrand  was  united  in  marriage  in 
1871,  to  Miss  Alvina  Short,  a  mitiveof  Oregon, 
and  a  daughter  of    li.    V.  Short;  two  children 


were  born  to  them.  Lottie  J.  and  Charles  V.  He 
is  a  Worthy  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.  Politically,  he  supports  the  issues 
of  the  Uepnblipan  party.  He  has  r.  lirst  class 
establishment,  which  is  well  sustained  by  an  ap- 
preciative puliiic. 


fli  A  N  K  I'.  H  F  M  P.  H  F  E ,  a  prominent 
farmer  t)f  North  Yam  Hill,  and  a  native 
of  Van)  Hill  county,  was  born  at  La  Fay- 
ette, March  8,  1X51.  "  His  father,  Absalom 
Hembree.  was  a  native  of  Tennes.see,  where  he 
married  Miss  Nancy  Dodson,  and  had  three 
children,  and  with  his  fannly  came  to  Oregon. 
(  H'  the  children  who  came  from  the  East,  Nancy 
A[.  has  been  twice  married;  Jane  E.  nuirried 
Page  Tustin,  and  resides  in  Pendleton;  and 
Annie  F.  is  now  Mrs.  ,lohn  Cullum,  and  resides 
in  I'astern  Oregon.  After  their  arrival  in  this 
State  five  sons  and  a  daugiiter  were  born,  viz.; 
James  L.,  who  resides  at  Sheridan;  Andrew 
Jackson,  inCalifornia;  Joel  Jordan, at  La  Fayette; 
Frank  P.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Absalom 
Jefferson,  who  resides  at  Tillamook;  the  daugh- 
ter, Lillie  1?.,  died  in  her  fifteenth  year. 

Upon  arriving  in  Oregon,  the  family  wintered 
at  Oregon  City,  and  in  the  spring  of  1844,  Mr. 
Hembi'ee  took  as  a  donation  claim  a  section  of 
land  nine  miles  northeast  of  McMinnville — 
one  of  the  first  tracts  located  in  the  county.  Of 
course,  having  the  choice  of  the  country,  Mr. 
Hembree  made  a  splendid  selection;  it  is  the 
very  Eden  of  Oregon.  In  this  delightful  valley 
he  built  his  log  cabin  and  began  the  life  of  a 
pioneer.  He  resided  there  until  the  Indian  war 
of  1855-'50,  when  the  brave  pioneer  enlisted, 
was  elected  Captain  of  a  company,  composed 
principally  of  his  neighbors,  entered  the  contest 
and  fought  valiantly.  In  one  of  the  battles 
Captain  Hembree  was  shot.  His  remains  were 
brought  home  to  his  bereaved  family,  and  the 
hearts  ot  all  the  people  were  tilled  with  gre.it 
grief.  He  wan  buried  on  his  donation  claim, 
the  Masonic  fraternity  and  the  military  both 
taking  part  in  the  last  sad  rites.  Men  from  all 
parts  of  the  county  came  to  pay  tribute  to  the 
brave  pioneer  and  volunteer  soldier.  Notwith- 
staniiing  the  country  was  new  and  the  methods 
of  travel  inconvenient,  yet  the  funeral  was  one 
of  the  largest  ever  held  in  the  county.  The 
widow  survived  many  years,  keeping  house  uu- 


lllsrORY    OF    OREOON. 


I07U 


til  within  8  few  yt'irs  of  lier  deutli,  wiiicli  oe- 
cun-ed  iit  lier  son  Joseph's,  in  Lii  Fayetti;,  in 
1887,  and  her  lionoreil  remains  were  phieed 
heHidf  thoKe  of  her  hnsband  in  the  little  taniily 
buryinj;-irround  on  the  donation  claim. 

Kniiik  I'.  Ilembre6  was  reared  principally  in 
\m  Fayette.  At  the  ajfe  of  ciirhteen  years 
he  began  to  care  for  himself.  He  iidieritctl 
1125  acres  of  the  donation  claim,  occupied 
it,  and  worked  out  some.  In  1S7;5,  when 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  married  Miss  Mary 
L.  Monroe,  also  a  native  of  Yam  Hill  county,  and 
the  danifhter  of  John  A.  Monroe,  who  was  a 
native  of  Marylatxl,  and  an  honored  Oreiron 
pioneer  of  1845.  By  persistent  industry  Mr. 
Henil)ree  has  snceeoded,  and  now  has  403  acres 
of  the  old  homestead,  one  of  the  finest  farms  in 
the  county.  As  be  has  prospered,  he  has  inve.sted 
in  land  and  real  estate,  in  Portland  and  other 
places. 

He  has  had  four  children,  namely:  Charles  A., 
now  eighteen  years  of  age;  Clandie  M.,  sixteen 
years  old ;  Frank  V.  Jr.,  nine  years  ohl ;  and  Min- 
nie Irene,  born  March  9, 1888. 

In  1889  Mr.  llembree  erected  a  good  farm 
residence,  which  overlooks  the  beautiful  Eden  in 
which  the  farm  is  located.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
llembree  are  people  wiio  liave  paid  close 
attention  to  home  affairs,  and  have  seldom  been 
out  of  the  county  in  which  they  were  born.  In 
politics,  Mr.  Hembree  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a 
gentleman  of  the  highest  respectability,  having 
jn.st  reason  to  feel  proud  of  the  tract  of  beauti- 
ful home  he  occupies,  and  of  the  county  in 
which  he  and  all  his  family  were  born  and  spent 
their  lives,  and  also  of  the  great  commonwealth 
of  Oregon,  his  favored  State. 


W.  HAIiDESTV,  one  of  the  reliable 
business  men  of  Oregon,  and  a  veteran 
,^.'-  of  the  great  civil  war  now  residing  at 
Needy,  (Jlaokamas  county,  was  born  in  Indian- 
apolis, Indiana,  November  4,  1843. 

His  father  and  grandfather  were  both  natives 
of  Ohio.  The  former,  Noah  Hardesty,  was 
born  in  Belmont  county,  December  24,  1811, 
and  remained  in  Ohio  until  after  his  twentieth 
year,  when  he  removed  to  Indiana.  In  1832 
he  married  Harriet  Baxsley,  a  native  of  North 
Carolina,  born  in  1812,  of  Irish  ancestry.   They 


remov(Ml  to  Illinois  in  1853,  a  year  later  went 
to  Missouri,  and  from  there,  in  1804,  crossed  the 
plains  to  <  )regon. 

Tiiey  had  a  family  of  foiirleun  children, 
eleven  of  whom  came  to  Oregim,  and  three  died 
at  an  early  age.  some  of  the  married  ones,  how- 
ever, eaiiie  in  a  different  train.  .Mr.  Hardesty 
settled  on  a  farm  three  miles  south  of  Needy, 
where  he  remained  ti\e  years,  and  from  whence 
he  removed  to  eastern  Oregon,  residing  there 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
1889.     His  wife  departed  this  life  in  1874. 

S.  W.  Hardesty  was  the  sixth-born  in  his 
father's  family,  and  was  reared  on  the  frontier. 
He  was  seventeen  years  of  age  when  the  groat 
civil  war  burst  upon  the  country,  and  on  the 
7tli  of  August,  18til,  he  e'.listed  in  Company 
M.  Seventh  Mis-sonri  Volunteer  Cavali-y.  He 
served  two  years  in  Missouri  and  .Vrkansas,  and 
while  engaged  in  the  battle  of  I'rairie  (rrove 
he  received  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  left  thigh, 
and  also  lost  one  eye  while  in  service,  and  the 
left  and  last  eye  was  also  affected.  Hy  reason  of 
his  disability  he  received  an  honorable  discharge 
and  returned  home.  After  his  arrival  in  Ore- 
gon, in  1864.  he  engaged  in  farm  work,  at  which 
lie  continued  until  the  total  loss  of  sight,  which 
misfortune  came  upon  Inm  on  the  28th  of  Jan- 
uary, 1873. 

Notwithstanding  his  total  blindness,  he  still  did 
some  general  farm  work.  In  1877  ho  opened  a 
general  merchandise  store  at  Needy,  buying  his 
own  goods  and  judging  the  (juality  and  style  by 
the  feeling.  His  business  prospered  from  the 
first,  and  ere  long  he  started  a  branch  store  at 
^lolalla,  where  he  also  had  a  good  trade.  He 
has  made  investments  in  real  estate,  and  now  is 
tlie  owner  of  several  hundred  acres  of  land,  and 
other  property  besides  his  store  at  Needy. 

Mr.  Hardesty  was  married,  in  1870,  to  Alar- 
garet  E.  Sconce,  a  native  of  Ray  county,  Mis- 
souri, born  in  1849,  daughter  of  Robert  II. 
Sconce.  Her  father  and  family  came  to  Oregon 
in  1853.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hardesty  have  had  four 
children,  namely:  Elmer,  who  was  born  in  1872, 
is  now  a  jiartner  in  his  fathers  store;  Ella,  who 
was  born  in  1875, died  in  her  eighth  year;  Edith, 
born  in  1877;  and  Mable,  in  1879.  For  a 
number  of  years  Mrs.  Hardesty  has  been  Post- 
mistress of  Needy. 

Politically,  Mr.  Hardesty  is  a  Republican;  re- 
ligiously, a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 
lie  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  several 
times  has  been  Commander  of  Ids  Post. 


lOdU 


niaroRY  of  onsnoN. 


BB 


After  he  left  the  army,  Mr.  llardesty  hegaii 
life  as  a  day  lahorer,  ami  when  ho  engaiicd  in 
the  mercantile  hnsiness  his  eaj)ital  cmisisted  of 
only  |l-i50.  In  spite  of  his  misfortnne  he  pros- 
jiered,  and  for  the  snccess  he  has  attnined  is  de- 
servinif  of  great  credit.  After  many  years  the 
Government  was  not  iinmindfnl  of  his  services, 
and  granted  him  a  pension  of  S72  per    month. 

Since  writing  the  above,  Mrs.  Ilardesty,  the 
wife  of  S.  \V.  Ilardesty.  and  I'ostniistress  of 
Needy,  departed  from  this  life  January  17, 
1893.  Deceased  was  a  member  of  the  Oregon 
Pioneer  Association. 

(KAN'CIS  HANSWIRTII,  a  retired  mer- 
chant and  capitalist,  of  North  Yam  Hill, 
and  a  resident  of  Oref^on.  since  185>^,  is  a 
native  of  Hungary,  l>orn  August  11,1828.  His 
ancestors  had  long  been  residents  of  that  place, 
and  most  of  them  were  artisans. 

In  1852.  when  he  was  twenty-four  years  of 
age,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  embarked  for 
America,  and  in  due  time  landed  at  New  Vork. 
There  he  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet-making, 
and  worked  at  it  until  1858.  lie  then  came  to  Ore- 
gon, making  the  journey  by  way  of  the  Isthmus, 
and  stopping  at  San  Francisco  one  day.  This  was 
at  the  time  of  the  Fraser  river  gold  excitement, 
anil  he  went  to  the  mires,  but  lost  money  in  the 
venMire.  Landing  in  Portland,  lie  first  worked 
for  wages,  digging  potatoes  at  §1.75  per  day. 
In  1859  he  came  to  Noi'th  Yam  Ilill,  and  as  he 
had  studied  architecture  and  understood  the  use 
of  carpenters'  tools,  he  worked  first  at  the  car- 
penter trade.  He  built  about  twelve  of  the 
first  houses  in  the  town,  everything  at  that  time 
being  made  by  hand.  After  tliat  he  engaged  in 
genei'al  merchandising,  being  in  partnership 
with  .lames  Fryer  a  year.  At  the  eiul  of  that 
time  he  and  Lee  Langhlin  purchased  the  general 
merchandise  business  of  Hrogg  «fc  Co.,  and  did  a 
successful  business  for  niise  years.  Mr.  Ifaiis- 
wirth  then  sold  out  to  his  partner,  made  a 
pleasure  trip  to  his  old  home  in  Furope,  and 
while  absent  visited  the  Centennial  Fxposition. 
On  his  return  to  North  Yatn  Hill,  he  engaged 
in  busiiuiss,  under  the  firm  name  of  Bidwell  & 
Co.,  retiring  at  the  end  of  five  years. 

Mr.  Ilanswirth  early  began  to  invest  in  real 
estate.  A  portion  of  Nortli  Yam  Hill  has  been 
built  upon  lands  which  he  once  owned.    He  still 


has  large  real-estate  holdings,  and  while  he  is  re- 
tired, has  extensive  interests  in  various  busi- 
ness enterprises. 

He  was  happily  mari'ied  to  Miss  Neoma 
Laughlin,  daughter  of  James  Langhlin,  who 
died  June  4,  189L  leaving  three  children  : 
Theodore,  i'ariiara  and  Nellie.  Mrs.  Ilans- 
wirth was  a  most  amiable  woman,  a  devoted 
wife  and  lovi  lother,  and  her  death  was  a 
source  of  me  iiereavemont  to  her  family  and 
many  friendt 

The  Misses  Ilanswirth  are  enterprising  young 
women,  who  have  distinguished  themselves  for 
their  bravery,  each  having  taken  a  timber  claim 
in  the  mountains.  They  are  good  hunters  and 
horsewomen,  have  had  many  a  thrilling  experi- 
ence in  the  mountains  among  bears  and  pan- 
thers, and  have  had  more  than  one  hairbreadth 
escajie  in  swimming  their  horses  across  swoll- 
en streams.  Each  has  made  several  thousand 
dollars  by  her  bravery  and  daring  in  settling 
valuable  timber  lands  in  the  remote  and  wild 
portion  of  the  county,  and  necomplished  what 
many  of  the  young  men  of  the  county  have 
declined  to  do. 

Mr.  Ilanswirth  affiliates  with  the  Republican 
party.  He  lias  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Town  Council.  Enterprising,  public-spirited 
and  generous,  his  career  lias  been  a  useful  and 
successful  one.  .  ■  . 


fA.  IIIMPEL,  mill  proprietor  and  lum- 
ber dealer  of  Chitsanie,  Columbia  couii- 
*  ty.  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
May  14-,  185i.  Ileisasonof  John  and  Mary  Eliza 
((iroseniaii)  Ilimpel,  who  emigrated  to  America 
when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  young. 
They  first  located  in  Muscatine  county,  Iowa, 
where  they  remained  until  1838,  when  they  re- 
moved to  Leavenworth  county,  Kansas,  where 
young  Carl  was  educated  and  reared  to  young 
manhood. 

Py  trade  Mr.  Ilimpel  is  a  practical  sawyer 
and  has  always  followed  that  tvade.  He  came 
to  Oregon  in  187G,  locating  at  Rainier  for  a 
time,  later  removing  to  the  city  of  Clatskanio, 
where  he  now  owns  a  mill  plant  situated  some 
four  miles  south  of  town.  The  property  is  at 
this  time  idle,  iiut  will  soon  bie  put  into 
operation  The  jilant  has  a  capacity  of  24,000 
feet  of  lumber  daily  in  a  run  of  eleven  hours. 


aiSTOHY    or    OREnoN. 


lOSl 


lie  employs  thirty  men  wlien  riiimiii^  full  ca- 
pacity, and  sliipa  principally  to  tlie  city  of 
rortland. 

Air.  11  impel  owns  oneiialf  Bection  of  timber 
land  near  the  mill  site  from  which  loj^s  are  sup- 
plied and  also  owns  100  acres  of  land,  with 
twenty  acres  under  cultivation.  He  ha?  a  fine 
younif  orcliard  of  over  1,000  trees,  consistinfr 
principally  of  pr\ines.  Our  subject  a'ttliates 
with  the  Uepublican  party  and  has  been  of  service 
in  her  ranks, as  he  is  always  active,  although  not 
an  office-seeker.  His  private  business  affairs 
occupy  all  his  time. 

Our  subject  was  nominated  and  elected  to  the 
office  of  County  Commissioner  four  years  ago, 
but  resijjfned  soon  after,  the  vacancy  being  filled 
by  the  ajjpointment  of  X.  Nicholas.  Mr.  Him- 
pel  was  married  in  Cowlitz  county,  Washington, 
March  20,  1887,  to  Miss  KUa  Myers,  a  native  of 
Missouri,  and  one  child  of  this  marriage  is  liv- 
ing, Carl  A.;  and  one  son  is  deceased. 


fllOMAS  M.  HINES,  of  Forest  Grove,  is 
an  lionored  Oregon  pioneer  of  1848.  He 
was  born  in  Howard  county,  Missouri, 
May  1,  1819,  and  is  of  Welsh  ancestry,  although 
his  people  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  From 
this  State  they  removed  to  Kentucky  and  thence 
to  Missouri,  and  were  pioneers  in  all  of  the 
States  in  which  they  lived.  His  grandfather, 
John  Hines,  born  in  Virginia,  was  a  pio- 
neer of  Kentucky  and  of  Missouri,  and  he  reared 
a  large  family  and  died  in  his  eightieth  year. 
The  father  of  our  subject,  Wesley  Hines,  was 
born  in  Kentucky,  in  1797.  When  he  was  a 
lad  his  family  emigrated  to  Mis.souri,  where  he 
grew  to  manhooil,  and  in  1818  married  Miss 
Klizaheth  Davis,  born  in  September,  1800.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Augustus  Davis,  native  of 
Kentucky,  although  of  Virginia  ancestry.  Mrs. 
Uines  was  also  a  Kentuckian  by  birth,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hines  had  seven  children,  of  whom 
four  are  now  living. 

Our  subject  was  the  eldest  of  this  family  and 
spent  his  boyhood  and  youth  in  Howard,  Kay, 
Caldwell  and  De  Kalb  counties.  In  1842,  No- 
vember 17,  he  married  in  the  last  named  county. 
Miss  Mary  Buckingham,  a  native  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, born  January  1,  1819.  After  their  mar- 
riage they  residev'  in  De  Kalb  county  until  1848, 
when  on  May  2,  th.^y  crossed  the  Jklissouri  river 


on  thi>ir  journey  for  Oregon.  They  brought 
one  son  with  them,  namely:  ('icero,  who  is  now 
a  farmer  of  Washington  county. 

They  nuide  a  successful  journey  and  arrived 
in  Vam  Hill  county,  September  2"),  184S.  where 
they  rcmaineil  for  the  winter.  Mr.  Hines  then 
took  up  ..  donation  claim  of  040  acres  of  land 
on  a  branch  of  the  Tualitin,  in  Washington 
county,  where  he  built  the  li*tle  log  cabin  of  the 
pioneer,  and  began  the  life  of  a  western  farmer 
with  a  few  head  of  cattle.  In  1849  tiie  discov- 
ery of  gold  took  hini  to  California,  where  he 
engaged  in  raining  on  Feather  river,  but  was 
taken  sick  and  obliged  to  abandon  mining  and 
return  to  Oregon.  lie  remained  on  his  farm 
for  eight  years,  then  sold,  in  1858  came  to 
Forest  drove,  purchased  a  farm,  on  which  he 
resided  from  1859  to  1882.  This  farm  was  sit- 
nated  on  the  south  side  of  the  town  and  con- 
sisted of  419  acres  of  land.  He  subdivided  his 
whole  tract  and  sold  it.  Since  that  time  he  has 
dealt  in  I'eal  estate  and  has  iieen  successful  gen- 
erally, in  his  transactions.  He  has  also  given 
his  three  sons  farms:  to  the  oldest,  Cicero,  225 
acres;  to  George,  240  acres,  and  to  Charles,  the 
youngest,  whom  he  educated  for  a  physician,  he 
gave  119  acres,  on  which  is  a  valuable  mineral 
spring.  The  latter  is  now  practicing  his  pro- 
fession at  Dallas. 

Mr.  Hines  is  now  retired  from  active  work, 
has  a  nice  home  in  Forest  Grove, and  is  now  liv- 
ing on  the  interest  of  his  money.  In  politics 
he  was  first  a  Whig,  then  a  Douglas  Democrat, 
but  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war  he  was  a 
strong  I'nion  man,  and  joined  the  ranks  of  the 
Republican  party.  He  still  prefers  Republican 
ideas,  but  is  quite  independent  in  his  views, 
prefering  to  judge  for  himself  of  the  efficiency 
of  a  man  for  office.  He  lias  never  sought  for 
office,  but  while  engaged  in  farming  ho  always 
took  a  deep  interest  in  the  making  of  good  roads, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  acted  as  Road  Snj)er- 
visor.  He  has  been  n  honest,  hardworking  and 
intelligent  man,  and  on  this  account  has  pros- 
pered. He  is  now  wealthy,  and  a  worthy,  reprer 
sentative  pioneer  of  1848. 


!S.   HINSHAW,   of   Baker   City,   Oregon, 
one  of  the   |)ioneer8  of   the  Pacific   coast, 
<»  although  comparatively  a  young  man,  has 
seen  about  as  rough  times  as  any  of  the  frontiers- 


! 


losa 


lllsTdltV    or    (lUKOON. 


%^ 


Nit 

I  ft-', 


!j| 


jMfii  of  iiiiy  fomitry.  He  was  l)f)ni  in  Ilciirv 
tdiiiity,  Idwa,  Marcli  11,  l^ilU.  iind  \vii8  tlii<)iftli 
cliild  of  John  A.  imd  Kli/aliutli  (llocket)  llin- 
sliaw.  Ilis  fatliei'  was  born  in  Nortli  (,'arolina, 
rtMrn)ViMl  to  Indiaiiii  when  a  yonn;^  man,  and  was 
married  there  in  \H\\x.  lie  an<l  hi?  wife,  Kliz- 
ntieth,  tlien  went  to  Iowa.  He  carricil  on  his 
trade  of  eaiiinet-nnikinfj,  in  connei'tioii  witii  Ids 
farniini;,  and  fiimlly  died  wiien  tiie  son  was 
(liiite  yonni^.  Mrs,  Hinshaw  was  a  native  of 
Indiaini,  tiie  family  eoinini^  orif^inaliy  from  tlie 
Sontii,  tlie  first  of  tiie  name  settling  in  \'iri,'inia. 
Tile  mother  is  dead.  Onr  snliject  iia.--  one 
brother  and  tliree  sisters  liviiii;,  the  brotiier,  .1. 
15.  Hinshaw,  in  Leeeonnty,  Iowa,  and  the  three 
sisters  are  ail  in  Henry  eonnty,  Iowa. 

I.  S.  Hinshaw  started  in  life  for  himself  wlien 
but  twelve  years  old, with  notiiino;  hut  the  clothes 
on  his  hack,  ami  tlie  prayers  of  Ins  mothei'.  He 
started  across  tlie  plains  as  a  teamster  for  J.  1). 
Wilson.  anilcain|ied  iijion  tiie  ground  where  the 
city  of  Maker  City  now  is,  July  23,  180(1.  Tlie 
first  work  he  did  was  as  a  farin  hand  for  John 
J'almer;  was  then  in  a  sawmill  as  a  cook;  after- 
ward drove  an  ox  team  anil  then  rented  a  ranch 
and  farmed  forone  year.  Snhse(|ueiitly  he  worked 
at  his  trade  in  Baker  City,  then  |)ros|pected  and 
mined  for  four  years.  Havint;  saved  up  money, 
he  houiflit  a  ranch  anil  went  into  the  raising  of 
horses  and  cattle. 

Mr.  Hinshaw  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Haker 
county  in  1886,  was  re-elected  in  1888,  hut  re- 
fused a  third  term.  The  county  then  was  over 
100  miles  across,  and  it  rei|uired  a  very  lono; 
time  to  make  a  canvass  of  it. 

Our  subject  was  married,  in  1888,  to  .Mrs. 
Julia  A.  Smith,  widow  of  J,  P.  Smith,  and 
daughter  of  ^[artin  Smith,  who  crossed  the 
|ilains  with  her  when  she  was  but  five  years  old, 
settling  in  the  Willamette  valley  at  Santiani 
City.  Airs.  Hinshaw  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Iowa.  I>y  her  first  marriage  she  had  one  child, 
a  girl,  who  died  in  March,  188'.);  hut  has  had 
no  children  hy  her  last  husband.  They  have  an 
adopted  child,  named  Freddie  Hinshaw. 

The  farm  of  >[r.  Hinshaw  contains  161  acres, 
handsomely  improveil,  upon  which  can  he  seen 
some  very  tine  thoroughhreil  Jersey  cattle,  to 
the  breeding  of  which  he  has  devoted  much 
attention,  although  the  herd  is  not  now  very 
large.  He  is  a  very  well-to-do  man,  having 
jiroperty  in  Iowa,  to  the  value  of  .S8,000;  share 
in  a  business  in  California,  to  the  amount  of 
$!),000:  a  number  of  lots  in  Baker  City,  and  his 


home  place.  The  only  assistance  ho  ever  re- 
ceived was  !?l:i5,  which  came  from  his  father's 
estate  soon  after  he  learned  his  trade.  What  he 
has,  has  been  earned  by  the  labor  of  his  own 
hands.  So  honest  and  ellicient  was  his  ailminis- 
tration  of  the  otliec  of  Sheriff,  that  the  Kepiibli- 
cau  County  convention  renominated  hiin  in 
March  to  be  voted  for  in  June.  The  county 
auilitor's  examination  showed  that  every  cent 
hail  been  accounted  for,  and  that  ofKcer  gave 
him  a  clear  receipt,  after  four  years  of  service 
j  as  sherilf.  Although  he  had  some  hard  strug- 
gles at  times,  he  was  always  honest,  true  to  him- 
self and  his  fellow-beings. 

tAUS  C.  HKXUICHSEN,  one  of  the  many 
worthy  citizens  contrib;ileil  to  America  by 
Denmark,  cast  his  fortunes  with  Portland 
in  her  obscurity,  having  risen  with  her  growth, 
and  prospered  with  her  develo|)nieiit.  He  was 
born  in  I)enmark  on  March  9,  18:59,  remaining 
at  home  with  his  father,  a  farmer,  until  1854, 
going  at  that  time  to  Schleswig,  to  learn  the 
watchmakers'  trade.  This  he  followed  for  si.x 
years. 

In  1860,  having  become  of  age,  ho  decided 
to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  new  State  of  Oregon, 
accordingly  coming  to  this  coast.  Ho  worked 
for  a  short  time  at  Vancouver,  thence  came  to 
Portland,  where  he  worked  for  a  time  as  journey- 
man, then  purchasing  .laoob  Cohen's  business, 
which  iiad  been  started  in  1858.  In  1867  ho 
formed  a  jiartnership  with  Giistave  Hanson, 
under  the  firm  name  of  K.  C.  Ileiirichsen  &  Co. 
They  were  at  first  located  on  First  street,  but  in 
1870  removed  to  their  present  business  place,  at 
Xo.  149  First  street.  Mr.  Hanson  retired  from 
the  business  aftt'r  a  jieriod  of  three  years,  after 
which  it  was  continued  by  Mr.  Ilenrichsen 
alone  until  1870,  when  Mr.  S.  II,  Grcenberg 
liecame  a  partner,  remaining  with  the  firm  seven 
years.  Since  then  Mr.  Ilenrielisim  has  been  sole 
owner.  The  enterprise  has  grown  from  a  small 
beginning,  to  be  the  largest  wholesale  and  retail 
jewelry  establishment  in  tho  State.  It  is  also 
the  oldest  continuous  business  of  its  kind  in  the 
commonwealth.  Mr.  Ilenrichsen  has  given  it 
the  closest  attention,  having  by  liberal  methods 
and  commercial  ability  and  reliable  dealings, 
brought  the  business  up  to  its  jiresent  standing, 
a  high  one  in  the  estiiiiation  and  confidence  (jf 
the  city  and  State. 


'- 

m 


nisToitr  OF  oRicaoy. 


1083 


III  18f>T  lii>  wiiB  iMiiri'icil  t»  Mi>H  Iliiiiiiiiii 
Winter,  u  native  of  Deniiinrk.  Tiicv  luive  two 
dimgiitcrs,  both  born  in  I'urtliind.  I'lie  olilcHt, 
Liiiin,  in  tbu  wife  of  O.  K.  MiitttTii,  of  I'ortland. 
Till'   other    (i,.iiij;liter,    Laiirinc,    lives    witii   her 

Sareiits,  in  a  beautiful  Ikhir'.  on  the  corner  of 
[aiii  and  I,o\vii«dalo  street;!.  A  lionie  replete 
with  all  eoniforts  and  cunvenioiicei!,  tastefully 
Biirroiiiided  and  ornainented. 

Ill  politics  Mr.  IleiiriciiNen  is  a  l{e|iublicaii. 
Ho  is  a  proininenl  nieniber  of  tlie  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, liavinir  received  tiie  tliirty-second  degree, 
Scottish  rite.  In  matters  of  religion,  he  is  an 
Kpiscopaliaii,  lieiiiff  a  member  of  that  Ciiurch. 
I'lmssuiiiin^  and  eoui'teous  in  iiianiier,  in- 
dustrious and  honest  in  cliaracier,  he  c.  joys  the 
esteem  of  the  comin unity,  and  the  affectionate 
regard  of  his  family  and  friends. 


[ILLIAM  IIEMSTOCK,oneof  the  most 
^n^TO  ])rosperous  farmers  of  Yarn  Ilill  county, 
V  ^'1  was  born  in  Kiigl.ind,  March  IT,  1827. 
His  parents  were  Henjamin  and  Ann  (Butler) 
Uenistock,  both  of  Knglisii  descent,  and  highly 
respectable  antecedents.  In  -^  i  they  emi- 
grated to  Canada,  where  they  resided  for  five 
years,  when,  in  1S47,  they  removed  to  Wiscon- 
sin, which  was  then  a  wild  and  little  settled 
country.  Here  they  purchased  land,  on  which 
they  lived  until  their  death,  the  motiier  <lying 
in  her  eightieth  year,  greatly  lamented  by  her 
family  and  friends.  The  father  survived  her 
but  two  years,  expiring  in  his  eighty-fifth  year. 
He  was  universally  esteemed  on  account  of  his 
honesty  and  industry,  and  generous,  hospitable 
disposition,  and  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle 
of  friends.  They  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom 
now  survive. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  in 
England  and  Canada,  where  his  parents  re- 
sided, and  when  they  removed  to  Wisconsin, 
he  accompanied  them.  Two  years  after  at- 
taining his  nii.jority,  in  IS'jCt,  lie  was  married 
to  Miss  Mary  A.  IJingham,  an  estimable  lady, 
and  a  native  of  England.  She  was  a  daughter 
of  Mr.  Greenwood  Bingham,  a  well  and  favor- 
ably known  English  miller  and  fanner. 

He  and  his  young  wife  commenced  life  on 
a  new  farm  in  La  Crosse  Valley,  Wisconsin, 
which  he  purchased  from  the  (iovernmeiit,  and 
on  wliicli  he  lived,  continuing  to  cultivate  and 


improNc  it,  until  he  came  to  (>iegoii,  in  1874. 
They  had  four  children,  born  in  the  Itadger 
State,  wlii(di  accoiiipanie(l  them  to  their  western 
home:  (Jeorge  II.;  llannali  II.,  now  Mrs.  Elsia 
Wight,  of  McMiiiiivillc;  Fanny  II.,  who  i>  now 
the  wife  of  Mr.  .1.  !•'.  Spencer,  a  |irosperoiis 
farmer  of  Vain  Hill  county;  and  .\.  I!.,  who  is 
now  attending  the   Portland   University. 

LFjiun  their  arrival  in  Oregon,  Mr.  Ilemstiick 
purchased  297acre8  of  land,  located  five  miles 
southwest  of  McMinnville.  This  land  was  then 
wild,  but  he  has  since  highly  cultivated  it  to 
grain  and  fruit,  ami  is  extensively  eiigageil  in 
stock-raising,  consisting  of  Durham  cattle, 
horses,  and  large  numbers  of  Cotswold  and 
Leicestershire  sheep.  He  has  erecte(l  a  comfort- 
able residence,  and  good,  large  barns,  for  his 
grain  and  stock,  besides  other  iiio<lerii  improve- 
ments, for  the  facilitating  of  agricnltiiral  pur- 
suits, He  has  brought  to  his  natural  intelligence, 
the  assistance  of  a  varied  experience,  extending 
back  to  his  youth  in  England,  where  agriculture 
is  followed  scientifically,  and,  in  conse(Hienc(>, 
has  met  with  a  very  great  success,  being  now 
oiieof  the  ino.,t  prominent  farmers  in  the  country. 

He  has  recently  purchased  land  near  the 
I'ortland  University,  where  \w  is  now  building 
a  good  residence,  and  intends  to  retire  from  his 
farm,  and  take  U[)  his  aboile  in  the  city,  where 
he  intends  to  open  a  bookstore,  sujiplying  the 
students  of  the  University  ami  others  with  arti- 
cles  in  that  line. 

In  earlier  life  he  was  a  strong  Union  man 
and  Republican,  but  in  later  years,  the  cair-e  of 
intemperance  has  appealed  to  him  so  strongly, 
that  he  has  become  a   Prohibitionist. 

He  and  his  wife  have  belonged  to  thc^  Meth- 
odist Church  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and 
have  been  ardent  workers  in  its  cause.  They 
are  the  charter  members  of  the  church  at  this 
place.  They  recently  interested  themselves  in 
the  building  of  a  church  edifice  on  a  hill  near 
their  home,  which  was  to  bo  erected  at  a  cost  of 
81,200.  Afr.  Hemstock  was  a  Trustee  and 
member  of  the  building  committee,  and  was 
instrumental  in  securing  the  subscription  of  the 
desired  amount.  This  neat  house  of  prayer  now 
overlooks  the  whole  valley,  being  "  a  city  set 
upon  a  hill,  which  cannot  be  hid,"  and  reflects 
credit  on  the  contributors  to  so  worthy  a  cause. 
Mr.  Hemstock  is  Class-leader  and  Superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school,  and  is  deserving  of  the 
highest  commendation  for  his  efficient  efforts  in 
the  cause  of  righteousness,  and  his  example  and 


lOHl 


HiHTonr  OF  QiiKnoN. 


iiitlni'iiCK  for  ^^ood,  «liicli  lmv«  Imd  n  wide- 
H|iic!iil  clli'ct  on  tlip  I'liiiiinmiity,  cli'viitiii^'  iiiul 
])iii'iiyin^  nil  ill  timt  \  iiiiiitv. 

He  mill  liis  wiirtliy  wilV  liii\u  liccii  faillii'iil 
|i!iitiu'i-w  for  t'nriv  two  v(!ui'i<,  iiiid  iiru  Htill  in'iicc- 
fully  |)iir>iiiiiw-  ilicir  u;iv,  fullowi'd  liy  tlii'  (rood 
wirtiics  (if  tilt'  wlidlc  comiiuiiiitv,  to  wlioiii  tiu-v 
liiivc  fiidciiii'd  tlu)in«(dM'4  liy  tile  iiractico  of  nil 
Cliristiim  virtiii'-. 

tI)(»l-l'IlUS  FINNKV,  of  Hill8boioiij;l., 
Oi't'^roii,  caiiu'  toCiilifoniiii  ill  iSoT,  and  to 
Orcein  in  lSu8,  and  1ms  tince  liecuinnone 
of  lii'i-  most  honored  and  sncroBsfiil  inaiiiirMctnr- 
crs  and  citizens.  Ilo  was  lioni  in  Maine  Feb- 
ruary 11,  18;i(».  His  father,  Thomas  Finney, 
was  l)(irn  in  the  same  State  in  17i)3.  Jlis  father 
lived  to  he  ninety-six  years  of  iij;e,  while  he 
himself  lived  to  the  age  of  seventy-nine.  (Jrand- 
father  Finney  was  eiigaj^ed  in  the  Uevolution 
on  hoard  an  American  privateer,  and  they  were 
enf^a};ed  in  captnrin;;  British  vessels.  His  son 
married  Miss  Oatliarine  Mackintosh,  of  Scotland. 
They  had  eif^lit  children,  of  whom  William,  who 
resides  in  Maine,  and  our  subject  are  the  only 
survivors. 

Mr.  Finney  resided  in  A[aine  until  bis  twen- 
tieth year,  and  then  went  to  New  Orleans. 
From  there  he  went  to  .Inekson  county,  where 
lie  worked  at  the  trade  of  carriai^c  and  wa^on- 
maker,  and  also  worked  some  at  carnoiiter  work. 
In  18iJ7  he  went  to  California,  and  worked  in 
the  Santa  (!lara  valley  till  ISoS,  when  he  went 
to  I*ortland,()rei,ron,an<l  arrived  at  IIillsboniuj;li 
on  the  1st  of  June.  lie  itiircliased  on  Main 
street,  'JlJ.xl'JS  feet,  and  on  this  property  he  ho- 
oan  his  waifon-inakinrj  and  blacksmith  business, 
and  he  has  eontinued  this  bnsiness  in  this  place. 
The  business  has  been  the  manufacture,  pi-in- 
cipally,  of  wan;onsand  biigrries,  and  later,  plows 
nade  of  rolled  steel,  lie  was  industrious  and 
attended  to  his  business,  and  the  articles  that 
he  .'lanufactiirecl  were  tirst-class,  and  by  hon- 
esty hb  has  8ncci<e(led.  In  1891  he  replaced 
the  old  shop  with  a  tine  new  block,  two  stories, 
25  \  70  feet,  and  Mr.  Finney,  with  a  liclpei-,  put 
up  the  whiih'  building  himself,  and  it  is  a  credit 
to  him,  with  its  street  front  put  on  in  a  new 
way.  The  projicrty  that  the  block  stands  on, 
that  he  piircliafed  for  a  mere  trifle,  is. now  worth 
$100  per  front  foot.     In  1884  ho  built  a  nice 


reiiiiionco,  and  as  he  hud  tipare  funds,  he  in- 
vesttxi  in  property  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city, 
and  bo  has  platted  a  part  of  it  as  Finney's  .\d- 
ditiiin  to  the  city  of  Hillsborough.  He  has  sold  a 
part  of  it. 

In  18tl;t  he  was  married  to  .Miss  Serena 
Kelsoy,  of  Orejfon.  born  in  1842.  \U'r  parents, 
Isaiith  and  Winnie  Ivelsey,  came  to  Oregon  in 
18 11,  and  were  amonj^  the  very  early  settlers  of 
that  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fiiiiu>y  have  four 
children,  three  daughters  and  a  son.  The  eld- 
est, .Miiiira,  became  the  wife  of  iMr.  S.  T.  iiiint- 
inj^ton,  and  resides  in('lackamas  county;  [da 
married  Mr.  William  A.  .Mead;  she  died  in  her 
twenty-second  year.  The  youngest  daughter  re- 
sides with  her  father,  and  is  his  housekeeper. 
Her  mother  died  at  her  birth.  She  was  a 
woman  of  great  sweetness  of  character  and  dis- 
piisition,  and  is  greatly  mourned  by  her  husband 
anil  chililreii,  as  w(dl  ;is  by  the  hosts  of  many 
friends  r-he  had  made  for  herself.  Her  husband 
has  honored  her  memory  too  much  to  put  any 
one  else  in  her  place,  but  has  remained  single 
since  her  death. 

Mr.  Finney  lias  not  ^iveii  much  attention  to 
politics.  His  policy  was  to  vote  and  use  his  in- 
fluence for  whatever  he  deemed  best  f(U'  the  in- 
terests of  bis  State  and  city  He  has  voted  with 
the  Uepubliean  party  ami  has  been  strong  in 
liis  correction  of  what  seemed  wrong.  Mr. 
Finney  is  now  in  his  sixty-second  year  and  has 
retired  from  his  manufacturing  business.  He 
has  led  an  industrious  life  and  has  secured  a 
neat  littUt  fortune.  His  motto  lias  been: 
'•  Enough  for  self,  and  some  to  give  to  snch  poor 
souls  as  need  it."  His  persistent  efforts  have 
been  a  good  example,  and  in  this  and  other  ways 
he  has  aided  in  the  substantial  growth  and  im- 
provement of  Hillsborough. 


tKNIlVC.  FLETCIIEK,  has  for  many  years 
been  identitied  with  the  agricnitural  in- 
terests of  Marion  county.  lie  was  born  in 
Mercer  county,  Illinois,  .\pril  17, 184-9,  a  son  of 
Samuel  Fletcher.  The  father  was  a  native  of 
New  Ilaiiipshire,  boi'ii  in  1814,  and  descended 
from  Knglish  ancestors.  Henry  C.  Fletcher 
emigrated  to  Oregon  in  1804.  He  gives  espe- 
cial attention  to  the  breeding  of  standard  horses, 
haviiifj  some  animals  of  the  best  families. 

He  was  married  June  2H,  1S77,  to  Miss  Zella 
Savage,  a   native  of  Oregon,  and  a  daughter  of 


iiiHTimv  Oh'  oiihiKiy. 


lon.'i 


11(1 


Li'win  Siivnp',  n  |iioii('t'r  wlio  i'i»!itii  to  tlio  Stiitc 
ill  I'^ltl,  iiDW  i(  resilient  of  Siilcni  I'niiiie. 
I'oliticiilly,  111!  ;illiliiiti'«  witli  the  I  (tMiKKTatic 
piu'ty,  liiit  is  lilici'iil  in  liiH  views,  iiml  cii^tH  his 
KiilTrii<{0  fur.  the  iiiiiii  best  littcd  in  liis  cittittia- 
tioi)  for  tilt'  olHce.  He  mid  iii>  wil'i'  arc  iiumii- 
liorrt  of  tlie  lliiitiii'iaii  (Jiiiircli. 


^'  -iiJvt-M.--  ■  ***^ — 

IlIAIM.KS  T.  IIOWAI;:),  Miiliim,  (Macka- 
mas  enmity.  Oru^oii.  hiiH  liet'ii  a  resiih-nt 
of  tliis  Stiiti)  fur  •.ii>ai'l_v  lialf  a  cetitiiry,  and 
a>*  oiii'  of  it«  iTpi't'sci.tntivo  pidiicd'H  is  jiiatlv 
i-ntitli'il  ti'  jicrsoiia!  inuiitioii  mi  tin- pagesof  thia 
Miliime. 

Mr.  Howard's  t'orefathiTS  were  Kngiish.  iSoinc 
inoiiiln'i'rt  of  thi'  faiiiiiy  cainc  tn  Aiiit'i'ica  at  a 
very  early  iieriixl  in  tht;  history  of  this  country 
and  BCttlcil  in  Maryland,  Howard  e(Minty,  tliat 
8tnto,  liaviiijj  lie<'ii  named  for  them.  Several 
({enerations  of  tiie  family  were  horn  there,  and 
many  of  tiie  Howards  were  proiiiineiitly  identi- 
tie(l  with  the  alfairs  of  that  State,  (irandfather 
William  Howard  was  horn,  reared  and  dieij  in 
Maryland.  He  fought  for  iiiiie|iendetu'e  during 
the  Uevoliition.  Ilisson,  o\ir  siihjeet's  father, 
Ikiuliard  It.  Howard,  was  horn  in  Oceil  eoiinty. 
Maryland,  in  17".iT,  tiic  third  child  in  the  fam- 
ily, and  was  reared  to  manliood  in  his  native 
State.  In  early  life  he  s|H'nt  some  time  in  ( )liio, 
Hlitiois  and  Iowa,  ami  returning  to  Illinois,  was 
married  there  Deeeinher  18,  1828,  to  Miss 
('yiithia  Turner,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  horn 
Octolier  ID,  1810,  daiifrhter  of  Frantis  Turner. 
After  his  marriage  Mr.  Howard  continued  to 
reside  in  Hlinois  until  1840,  when,  with  his 
wife  and  six  children,  he  crossed  the  jdains  to 
Oregon,  arriving  here  late  in  Sejitemher.  He 
settled  on  a  donation  chiim  on  Milk  creek  in 
Claekanias  county,  and,  heing  a  good  ])ractical 
surveyor,  diil  considerahle  in  that  line  from 
time  to  time.  He  built  a  sawmill  in  1849  and 
a  gristmill  in  1851,  and  ran  them  both  in  con- 
nection with  his  farming  operations.  Thus  he 
did  his  part  to  develop  the  resources  of  this 
portion  of  Oregon.  Previous  to  tlie  civil  war 
he  was  a  Democrat,  but  was  a  strong  Union 
man,  and  afterward  atfiliated  with  the  Kepuli- 
lican  party.  He  was  in  religious  matters  an 
Agnostic,  while  his  wife  was  a  devoted  Chris- 
tian, a  memlior  of  the  Metliodist  Clinrch.  His 
death  occurred   .\o\einber   I'-i,  1805.  and   hers 

OS 


.Inly  20,  1877.  Four  other  children  were  added 
to  their  household  in  (Iregoii.  and  their  liimily 
weie  as  follow-:  Franci-  T.,  born  May  .".  IMMO, 
ami  his  wife,  were  drowned  I'eliriiary  20,  1804, 
while  attempting  to  ford  the  Molalla  river  on 
their  way  toCliiircli;  |{ev.  William  Howard,  born 
December  IH,  ISMl,  died  S.ptember  7.  1802; 
Kev.  .lohii  Howard,  born  l''i,'bruary  22.  18U4, 
died  ill  18S8;  Sarah,  wife  of  K.  C.  ( )llicer,  was 
born  March  M).  18;JS.  and  -lied  .liiiie  10,  1801, 
leaving  a  hii^baml  and  three  daughters;  Charles 
T.  (Mibject),  born  duly  28,  1841;  Daniel  l!o<ine, 
born  ilaiiiiary  2.1844,  who  died  ( >ctober  11, 
1854;  Ann,  wife  of  .\dam  Weatherston,  born 
November  K.  died  in  1880,  leaving  Miree  chil- 
dren; Mary,  born  February  2,  184'.l,  dicil  ( »cto 
her  11.  1854;  (Irace,  born  July  8.  1852,  and 
died  <  >ctober  27,  same  year;  and  .Vntlioiiy  W,. 
who  was  born  September  22.  1857,  and  is  mar 
ried  and  enc-aj'ed  in  biisiniiss  in  Orei'on  (lifv. 
William  and  .lolin  were  local  preaidiiTs  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  (.'hiircli  when  they  died; 
but  John  had  |)reviously  been  for  more  than 
ten  years  a  member  of  the  Oregon  Conference. 
He  ali-ii  Served  a  term  of  two  years  as  Super- 
intendent of  Douglas  county  |()regon)  schools. 
CJharles  T..  wlio>e  niiuie  heads  this  article,  the 
fifth  of  the  family,  was  horn  in  Sludby  county, 
Illinois,  .luly  28,  1841,  and  was  live  years  old 
when  he  arrived  in  Oregon.  He  was  educated 
in  the  piUdic  schools,  worked  on  the  farm  and 
in  the  mill  with  his  father,  |)urcliascd  and  inher- 
ited the  property,  on  which  he  now  resides.  He 
was  niariied  May  28,  1874,  to  Miss  Mary  11. 
Saudei's,  who  was  hoi'ii  in  Marion  county,  near 
Salem,  Oregon,  May  1,  1853,  daughter  of  Asa 
SaiKlers.  Her  father  came  to  <  >regoii  in  1851 
and  settled  in  Marion  county,  rornoveii  in  1858 
to  Molalla  prairie,  wdiere  he  has  since  resided 
and  where  lie  owns  one  of  the  finest  homes  and 
farms  in  the  valley.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard 
have  two  children:  Claud  Sanders  and  Bayiie 
Asa,  both  at  home. 

15()tli  Mr.  Howard  and  his  wife  are  influential 
members  of  the  Metliodist  Church.  He  lias 
served  as  Steward,  Trustee  and  Class-leader,  and 
she  has  /'endered  most  efficient  service  as  Sii|)er- 
iiiteiident  of  the  Sabhath-school.  They  arc 
prominent  members  of  the  Grange,  ami  are  also 
active  temperance  wori-  rs.  He  in  in  ])olitic8  a 
Republican,  and  has  served  some  time  as  J  ustice 
of  the  Peace,  but  1ms  usually  declined  ottice, 
notwithstanding  his  |)arty  has  fre(|uently  oiTerod 
1   him  nominations   for   important   positions  at  a 


^■fr-'^Tfi  t 


t  ' 


t  , 


h 


^■-■1T-"!!| 


1086 


HISTORY    OK    OHEGON. 


time  wlicn  a  iioiiiinatioii  was  equal  to  an  elec- 
tion. For  a  iiiuiiliei'  ot  years  he  has  been  the 
oliliging  I'dstniaster  of  Miilino.  Uo  still  runs 
his  mills  anil  eoniluets  his  t'arming  o])eration8, 
heing  successful  in  hoth.  lie  oumh  58(5  acres 
adjoinirig  tlut  millg. 

Such  is  a  lu'ief  sketch  of  one   of  Clackamas 
county's  jirosperous  and  intluential  uieu. 


fAMES  S.  II inns  was  a  iironiiiuuit  ami  suc- 
cessful farmer, of  Vain  Hill  county,  Oregor, 
a  native  of  I'ennsylvaiiia,  where  he  was 
horn  October  -23,  1825!  His  fatiier,  Samuel 
llihlis,  was  liorn  in  (Ti'eene  county,  l'enn>ylvania, 
and  his  ancestors  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia. 
His  father  married  Miss  Rebecca  Smith,  also  a 
native  of  the  Keystone  State,  and  they  had  four 
cliildren,  two  of  whom  are  now  livinir. 

When  but  twelve  years  of  a<^e  the  subject  of 
our  >ketcli  accoin|ianied  his  parents  to  West 
Viroinia,  whei'e  he  was  reared  to  manhood.  Ho 
had  a  common  school  education,  and  learned  the 
traile  ofa  joiiUT.  lie  afterward  worked  at  his 
trade  for  a  year  and  a  half  in  Georgetown.  Penn- 
sylvania, whi'ii,  in  184'J,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Kiizalieth  Uiggs.  He  then  removed  to  Illinois, 
where  he  farmed  and  worked  at  his  trade.  Six 
children  were  born  in  the  I'rairie  State. 

Having,  by  this  time,  beconu*  informed  of  the 
opportunities  atlbrded  in  the  extreme  West  to 
actual  settlers,  he  and  family  made  the  long 
journey  overland  to  ( )roji;on,  with  the  usiud  oxen 
and  wagons.  They  passed  the  graves  of  many 
emigrants  on  the  way.  but  they,  together  with 
the  large  company,  of  which  they  formed  a  part, 
camt'  through  in  safety. 

On  arriving  at  his  journey's  end,  he  had  only 
a  cheap  outfit  left,  having  only  been  able,  in 
Illinois,  to  make  a  living  for  himself  and  family 
and  save  enough  to  bring  them  to  Oregon.  Ho 
first  stopped  in  Marion  county,  where  he  rented 
lands  and  raised  three  crops.  Hesides  being 
without  means,  he  had  the  misfortuiu'  to  lose 
his  first  crop,  lie  persevered,  however,  and  the 
>ucceeding  crops  were  good  ones,  and  he  was 
much  encouraged. 

In  IStio  he  came  to  Yam  Hill  county,  where 
he  at  first  rented  the  farm  of  Mr.  Jordan  Hem- 
bree,  consisting  of  a  half-section  of  laml,  located 
near  Ln  Fayette.    This  he  worked  for  two  years, 


realizing  good  cro|)s.  He  then  rented  Mr.  G. 
W.  IJuruett's  farm,  situated  two  miles  from  Mc- 
Minnville.  Here  his  prosperity  was  continued. 
He  finally  made  his  first  purchase  of  land,  500 
acres,  at  %\'Z  an  acre,  paying  S1,000  down,  and 
going  in  debt  for  the  balance,  paying  10  per 
cent  interest  on  all  future  payments.  The  first 
year  tbe  wheat  was  sjioiled,  by  reason  of  heavy 
rains,  so  that  he  could  not  meet  his  first  pay- 
ment, and  agreed  to  pay  1  per  cent  a  month,  to 
have  the  time  extended.  His  next  crop  was  a 
success,  as  was  also  the  succeeding  ones,  which 
enabled  him  to  immediately  pay  for  his  Ir.nd. 
As  his  means  would  permit,  he  added  from  time 
to  time  to  his  origiiud  purchase,  until  he  had 
800  acres  of  as  choice  farming  land  as  was  to  he 
found  in  this  beiV.itiful  valley.  This  iu»  culti- 
vated with  care,  and  improved  by  the  erection  of 
a  substantial  residence,  and  large  barns  for  his 
grain  aiul  stock,  and  became  one  of  the  most 
prosperous  farmers  of  his  section  of  the  county. 

After  arriving  in  Oregon  other  children  were 
born,  until  they  numbered  nine  sons  and  one 
daughter,  all  but  one  son  now  living.  The  two 
eldest,  1.  N.  and  J.  M.,  are  in  Idaho,  where  they 
have  farms;  George  H.  is  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
homestead;  Alice  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  Milton 
llichardson,  and  resides  in  McMinnville;  11.  B. 
is  on  land  near  the  homestead;  S.  1.  is  in  busi- 
ness iii  McMinnville;  .1.  V.  is  on  land,  a  part  of 
his  father's  estate;  11.  W.  is  at  home;  and  O.  H. 
is  at  home.  Mr.  llibbs  gave  his  married  chil- 
dren a  division  of  his  large  landeil  estate,  reserv- 
ing for  himself  275  acres  of  the  home  place. 

Mr.  ilibbs  distinguished  himself  by  lending 
a  heljiing  hand  to  the  differetit  enterprises  of 
^IcMiniiville,  having  taken  a  ifiSOO  scholarship 
in  the  college  and  stock  in  the  Frrmers'  Ware- 
house and  Grange  store  ami  also  in  the  creamery. 

Ho  was  a  Republican  in  politics,  having  bo- 
longed  to  that  party  since  its  organization.  He 
sas  elected  County  Coininissioner,  and  served 
.,.  that  capacity  with  ability  and  honesty,  but 
preferred  to  give  his  entire  attention  to  his 
i'arnniig  interests. 

He  was  a  worthy  member  of  tlie  Methodist 
Church,  of  which  he  was  a  Trustee,  as  is  also 
his  wife,  Hud  to  its  welfare  he  and  his  wife  have 
contributed  of  theii'  means  and  iutluence. 

Mr.  Ilibbs  died  at  his  late  residence,  January 
10,  1893.     His  faithful  wife  is  still  living. 

Thus  we  find  what  pcrsistt'Ut  ettbrt  intelli- 
gently applied  to  the  rich  soil  of  this  glorious 
commonwealth  can  accomplish,  being,  like  an 


nisronr  of  oheoon. 


1087 


iiicxliaustible  gold  mine,  iin  unceasing  means  of 
wealtli,  and  Iiy  her  aliundant  resources  she  has 
giitlicred  together  on  her  liroad  bosom  the  best 
and  noblest  of  the  sons  of  the  earth. 


[ILUAM  IIKNRV  HAKIUSON,  asnc- 
cessfn!  fanner  of  fjood  repute,  residing 
in  Yam  Hill  county,  Oregon,  was  born 
at  Jerusalem  Ilill,  Herkin\er  county,  \e\v  York, 
July  18,  1844,  of  Knglisli  ancestry,  who  were 
early  settlers  of  Connecticut.  His  father, 
Tlmddeus  R.  Harrison,  was  born  in  Herkimer 
county,  Xew  York,  in  1816,  and  married  Miss 
!Maria  A.  p]verett,  a  native  of  his  own  county; 
came  to  Oregon  in  the  month  of  April,  185;j, 
by  way  of  tlie  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  engaged 
in  teaching  at  liethel  (Jollege,  in  Polk  county. 
He  returned  to  his  home  in  the  East,  in  iJSijS, 
and  brought  his  wife  and  twochildien  to  Orei/ou 
the  same  year,  settling  in  Yam  Hill  county,  ^^r. 
Harrison  took  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres, 
where  his  son,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  now 
resides,  one  and  three-fourths  mih^s  southwest 
of  Amity.  There  he  built  a  log  cabin  and  liv(- 1 
and  prospered,  and  added  to  the  property  until 
he  had  '.100  acres  of  land. 

In  IH12  be  was  elected  Lo  tl;c  Legislature  of 
the  State,  on  the  I'^publican  ticket,  and  in  1874 
was  appointed  Receiver  of  the  Land  OtKce  at 
Oregon  (3ity.  After  serving  his  term  of  four 
years  he  wm  reappointed  for  a  second  term,  but 
on  the  very  day  on  which  he  received  his  com- 
mission he  died,  in  his  office,  of  heart  disease! 
He  was  a  successful,  reliable,  intelligent  and  eii- 
terj)rising  citizen.  He  had  one  son  after  his 
arrival  in  Oregon,  Edward  R.,  who  now  ivsides 
near  McMinnville,  and  is  a  farmer.  His  mother, 
a  noble  woman  and  an  exemplary  member  of 
the  Congregational  Church,  died  in  1884. 

Jlr.  Harrison  was  fourteen  years  of  age  when 
he  came  U)  his  home  in  Yam  llill  county.  When 
Tiineteen  years  of  ago  ht<  went  to  the  mines  at 
Oro  Fiiio  and  Florence,  where,  in  his  operations, 
he  met  with  moderate  success.  He  now  has  300 
acres  of  choice  land,  upon  which  he  has  made 
many  improvements;  is  enterprising  and  capable, 
and  has  the  reputation  of  being  a  Hrst-class, 
good  citizen. 

In  ISlU  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  First 
OregoT)  Infantry,  which  was  stationed  at  differ- 
ent j)lace8  in  Iilaho,  to  take  th.e  place  of  the 
regular  woldiors,  who   were   sent   to  the  seat  of 


war,  while  the  Oregon  soldiers  were  engaged  in 
keeping  the  Indians  in  check.  They  had  many 
skirmishes  with  the  red  savages,  always,  how- 
ever, putting  them  to  flight.  Mr.  Harrison 
served  as  Corporal  and  as  Refi-imental  Provost- 
bergeant. 

After  his  discharge  he  returned  to  the  farm, 
and  in  1868  married  Miss  Lavina  Iiillings,  a  na- 
tive of  I'olk  county,  ( )regon,  and  the  daughter 
of  George  W.  Rillings,  an  Oivgon  pioneer  of 
1852.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harrison  ha\esi\  cliildien, 
namely:  Floy,  Herbert,  (iertrnde,  Delmar, 
Thaddeus  U.  and  Eva. 

Ml-.  Harrison  is  a  Republican  in  his  political 
sympatiiies,  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  of  the  I.O.O.  F. 


-=s«< 


iH=~- 


fAMES  E.  HA8ELTIXK,  one  of  the  prom- 
inent representative  iron  and  hardware  mej-- 
chants  of  the  city  of  Portland,  is  a  mitive  of 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  born  Septeml)er 
30,  1833.  He  is  of  New  England  ancestry  who 
came  to  this  country  from  England  t>arly  in  the 
year  of  1(5)57  and  settled  in  Massachusetts.  His 
father,  Daniel  Ilaseltine,  was  born  in  Haverhill, 
Massachusetts,  in  179",  and  was  during  his  lif(> 
a  builder  and  contractor.  He  erected  the  light- 
house at  Robin's  Ucef,  in  New  York  harbor,  and 
on  Whalesback,  in  Portsmouth  harbor,  which  are 
ilestined  to  be  lasting  monuments  to  his  honest 
work.  He  married  Miss  Mary  H.  Hill,  a  native 
of  Portsmouth,  and  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Elislia 
Hill,  of  that  city.  There  were  born  to  them 
seven  chilili-en,  six  of  whom  are  living. 

Mr.  Ilaseltine,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  was 
the  youngest  son,  and  is  eminently  a  self- 
made  man,  as  he  had  no  money  given  him  to 
start  with.  When  he  entered  the  Pembroke 
Academy  he  rang  the  old  liell  and  swi'pt  the 
floors  to  aid  in  paying  his  tuition.  In  18t)7  his 
business  career,  on  his  own  account,  began  in 
Portland,  Maine.  He  engaged  in  the  iron  and 
hardware  business  until  he  came  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  in  1882,  and  jmrchased  an  interest  in 
the  business  of  V..,].  Xorthupit  Co.  in  tlii'  iron, 
heavy  liardware  and  carriage  material,  both 
wholesale  and  retail.  Mr.  Ilaseltine  succeeded  to 
the  whole  business,  and  such  has  been  his  special 
gifts  for  this  line  of  business  that  his  success 
has  been  very  sat'jfactory.  Mr.  Ilaseltine  does 
not  conrtne  himself  to  mercantile  affairs  oxclu- 


1088 


UIsrORY    OF    ORECON. 


mm 


sivi'h',  but  is  one  (pf  those  bmad  men  wlin  take 
an  interest  in  everything  that  will  teniltohuild 
np  their  State,  Iiotli  tiiiancially  and  morally. 
Ill  all  sucli  work  he  is  ready,  willinir  and  can  he 
depended  on.  It  is  ju.st  as  safe  to  count  on  him 
in  all  worthy  enterprises  as  if  he  had  been  seen 
and  promise  1  to  take  hold.  Such  men  are  val- 
uable and  important  factc.rs  in  the  history  of 
this  city  and  State.  Mr.  Ilaseltine  lias  interested 
himself  considerably  in  city  property,  having 
built  a  wharf  and  numerous  houses,  ineludiui^ 
a  tine  house  in  which  he  now  resides  with  his 
amily. 

In  1855  he  married  Aliss  Mary  E.  Knox,  a 
native  of  New  Hampshire.  Mrs.  Ilaseltiue's 
grandfather,  Daniel  Knox,  was  a  paymas- 
ter in  the  war  of  1812,  in  America. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilazoltine  have  had  eiglit  cliil- 
dren,  six  of  wlinni  are  living.  Their  tiiree  eldest 
sons,  Edward  Knox,  J.  Ambrose,  and  Harry 
Alonzo,  are  all  filling  important  places  in 
their  father's  store,  and  the  youngest  son, 
William  Carl,  is  at  school  in  the  East. 
The  daughters,  Annie  Mabel  and  Mary  E., 
are  at  school,  the  former  at  Wellesley  Col- 
lege, and  the  other  at  Portland  High  School. 
Mr.  Ilaseltine  is  in  politics  a  Republican,  and 
h(^  and  the  most  of  his  family  are  Methodists, 
and  he  takes  an  active  part  in  the  ehurcli.  lie 
is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  is 
also  Secretary  of  the  same,  of  Grace  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  became  a  mem- 
ber at  its  organizatidu,  iind  aided  in  the  build- 
ing of  th(^  tine  church  ediKce.  He  is  also 
Assistant  Superintendent  of  the  Sunilay-school, 
and  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all  its  efforts. 

Before  removing  to  Oregon  Mr.  Ilaseltine 
was  for  two  years  a  member  and  President  of 
the  Portland,  Maine,  Common  Counci.l  and  also 
served  two  years  on  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 
He  is  a  Past  Grand  Master  and  Past  (irand 
Representative  to  the  Sovereign  Grand  Loclge 
of  the  I.  ().  ().  K.  from  the  State  of  Maine  and 
has  held  the  presidency  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in 
the  above  city. 

He  is  at  present  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
the  Xational  Board  of  Trade,  composed  of  t'le 
representative  business  men  of  the  nation.  In 
the  aft'airs  of  his  adopted  city  he  takes  a  deep 
interest.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Finance  (Jom- 
mittee  of  the  Chambsr  of  ('ummerce  and  omt 
of  the  Building  Comir)ittee.  He  is  one  of  tiie 
Directors  of  the  City  Board  of  Charities  and  Sea- 
men's Friend  Society.     Mr,  Ilaseltine  was  one 


of  the  organiiiers  and  the  first  vice-jiresident 
of  the  United  States  National  Bank  of  Portland. 
He  is  the  leading  owner  of  Ocean  Park  in  Pa- 
citic  county,  Washington — a  ti'act  of  iijnvard 
of  200  acres — bordering  on  the  Pacific  ocean, 
one  of  the  most  delightful  summer  resorts  in 
the  Northwest.  He  has  a  fiu(^  fruit  farm  a  few 
miles  from  the  city,  where  pears,  peacLss,  iirunes 
and  small  fruits  are  raised  in  abundance,  and  in 
the  growth  of  which  he  takes  a  great  interest. 
From  all  this,  it  will  be  seen  that  Mr. 
Ilaseltine  is  a  man  of  versatile  talents.  He  is 
also  an  agreeable  gentleman,  and  has  hosts  of 
friends  wherever  ho  is  known. 


IlLLIAM  ADDISON  HOWE,  a  promi- 
nent land  owner  and  inerohant  of  Carl- 
ton, Oregon,  was  bom  in  Brooklyn, 
Massachusetts,  October  12.  1850.  His  fath'er, 
Hon.  Solomon  Henry  Howe,  was  born  in  Beidin, 
same  State.  The  ancestors  of  the  family  camo 
from  old  England  to  New  England  early  in  the 
history  of  this  country,  and  were  participants  in 
the  struggle  for  independence.  Mr.  Howe's 
father  was  for  many  years  a  prominent  dry- 
goods  merchant  of  Boston;  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature;  aided  in 
building,  and  was  president  of  several  railroads 
of  the  country  late  in  his  life,  and  finally  retired 
to  Bolton,  Massachusetts,  where  he  died,  in 
1870.  He  had  mari'ied  Miss  Lu;-inda  Savage,  a 
native  of  Boston,  anil  the  daughter  of  a  very 
prominent  andiitect  who,  among  other  works, 
designed  and  built  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument. 
Of  their  five  children  four  are  living,  thrive  in 
the  East.  Their  son,  W.  A.  Howe,  was  (*du- 
rated  in  the  East,  gnilualing  at  Ilarvanl  I'ni- 
versity  in  the  class  of  1881.  After  being  in 
business  in  New  York  for  a  year,  he,  in  com- 
pany with  a  classmate,  Mr.  Mills,  came  to  Ore- 
gon for  the  purpose  of  engaging  in  farming  and 
stock-raising.  Pundiasing  1,000  acres  of  land, 
they  made  many  improvements  and  engaged  in 
raising  fine  stock  of  various  kinds.  This  prop- 
erty Mr.  Howe  still  retains. 

tn  1888,  seeing  the  need  of  a^.  od  mercantile 
establishment  at  Carlton,  he  opened  one  there, 
which  he  has  since  conducted  successfully.  It 
is  the  (Uily  store  of  the  kind  in  the  (ilaca,  and 
ho  keeps  a  gcjod  quality  of  stock,  and  has  a  good 
tra<le,  inarich  and  prosperous  fanning  country. 


If  i' 111 


I 


insTonr  of  oreoon. 


idso 


In  18SU  Mr.  Howe  niarriiMl  Miss  Aiiiiii-  G. 
Ciiniiingliaiii,  a  native  of  Milton,  Massacimsutts, 
and  the  danjrhter  of  J.  A.  Ciinninjihain,  who  wa^i 
formerly  a  wholesale  tea  merchant,  doing  a 
large  Cliina  tea  trade. 

Mrs.  and  Mrt<.  Howe  luive  three  children; 
Alice  Hathaway,  William  Loring  Cnnningliam 
and   Charles  Klliott  l.add. 

Mr.  Howe  is  a  gentleman  of  perfect  integrity 
of  character  and  a  thoronghly  capable  liiisiness 
man,  enjoying  the  good-will  of  a  wide  circle  of 
friends. 


-=*»< 


>**- 


fOSEl'H  E.  HUnnARI),  the  proprietor  of 
the  drayingand  truck  business  of  Indepen- 
dence, is  a  native  son  of  Polk  county,  born 
f^epteinber  4,  1856.  His  fatlier.  David'  Hub- 
bard, was  born  in  Hlinois  in  17!I7.  where  he 
was  reared  and  marrieil.  By  liis  first  marriage 
he  had  ten  children,  and  upon  the  death  of  ids 
wife  he  married  again,  in  1841,  a  Miss  Mary 
Thomas,  hy  whom  he  had  eleven  children.  He 
crossed  the  ])lains  to  Oregon  and  located  on  a 
lialf-section  on  the  I  ittle  Luckamnte,  in  Polk 
county,  where  he  made  his  home  until  tlie  time 
of  his  death,  which  event  occurred  in  18()8.  His 
wife  survived  liim  until  1883,  when  her  death 
occurred.  During  his  long  lite  Mr.  Hubbard  was 
a  faithful  and  elo(juent  minister  of  the  Baptist 
persuasion.  While  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  he  continued  his  ministerial  duties  in 
the  new  State  of  Oregon  iiso])portnnity  offered, 
thereby  advancing  the  cause  of  iiis  Master.  In 
politics  he  was  a  stanch  Kepubliean,  at  the  time 
of  theontbreak  of  thegreatcivil  war,  anirduring 
that  struggle  was  a  strong  Union  man.  and  by 
his  example  and  iuriuence  did  much  to  advance 
the  cause  and  preserve  the  Union.  He  and  his 
good  wif(^  were  highly  respected  pioneers  of 
Oregon. 

The  son,  Joseph,  our  subject,  was  the  eight- 
eenth child  of  his  father,  and  was  reared  in 
Polk  county,  and  was  educated  at  the  academy 
at  Dallas.  He  began  life  for  himself  on  rented 
land,  and  in  188()  purchased  137  acres  of  the 
Stephen  Staats  donation  claim.  This  property 
he  farmed  three  years,  then  sold  it  and  turned 
his  attention  to  buying  shee|)  and  speculating. 
In  1889  he  came  to  Independence,  purchased 
lots,  built  a  nice  residence  and  opened  his  truck 
and  draying  business,  in  wliich  he  has  since  con- 
tinued.    So  successfully  has  ho  operated   this 


enterprise,  he  has  the  majority  of  the  freight- 
ing done  ill  tht  city  of  Independence.  He  is 
also  Deputy  Marshal  of  the  city,  and  in  that 
office,  as  in  all  his  relations  with  his  fellow-citi- 
zens. Mr.  Ilubbanl  has  proven  himself  an  oblig- 
ing gentleman  and  capable  officer. 

In  1880  he  was  married  to  Miss  Carrie  Staats, 
a  native  of  Polk  county  and  the  daughter  of  Mr, 
Stephen  Staats.  one  of  Polk  county's  most  hon- 
ored and  widely  known  pioneers.  (See  sketch  of 
liim  in  this  book.)  Mrs.  Hubbard  was  born  iit 
18.j9.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hubbard  have  a  son  whom 
they  have  namecl  Claud  J.  They  are  good  rep- 
resentatives of  the  native  sons  and  daughters 
of  Oregon,  and  by  their  upright,  honorable  lives, 
they  have  gained  for  themselves  the  esteem  and 
respect  of  the  entire  community.  They  have 
passed  their  lives  in  the  county  that  gave  them 
Ijirtli.  and  few  citizens  of  Polk  county  are  more 
widely  known  than  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hubbard  of 
this  notice. 


PL.  HEXNESS. — Among  the  many  owners 
of  beautiful  homes  in  Alouiit  Tabor,  none 
*  are  more  highly  respected  than  the  worthy 
pioneer  of  Oregon,  Hon.  Benjamin  Lee  Hen- 
ness  and  his  respected  wife,  Rebecca  Henness, 
both  of  whom  came  to  the  State  in  1850.  He 
is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Virginia  having  been 
born  June  4,  1819.  His  father,  Joshua  Hen- 
ness, was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  but  the  family 
came  from  (ierinany  to  Virginia  at  an  early  day 
am!  were  pioneers  of  Kentucky.  The  Captain's 
father  married  Miss  Sarah  Rhodes,  a  native  of 
Virginia,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Rhodes,  of  the 
same  State.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war,  and  was  engaged  to  be  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  Lee.  aunt  of  (General  Robert  E.  Lee. 
whom  he  married  at  the  close  of  the  war.  The 
j..ireiits  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  had  five 
sons  and  a  daughter,  three  of  whom  are  now 
living,  the  brothers  in  Oregon  and  the  sister  in 
Washington. 

Captain  Henness  was  next  to  the  youngest  of 
this  family,  and  he  left  his  father  when  he  was 
but  a  child.  He  lived  in  Virginia  until  his 
eighteenth  year,  when  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
where  he  resided  until  1850,  and  then  made  his 
first  journey  across  the  plains.  It  proved  b  i,a!e 
one,  not  a  man  being  lost,  although  they  we;o 
six  months  in  completing  their  trip.  He  looked 
the   country   over  a   little  and    then    went   to 


1 


-»'/ 


loao 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON . 


Ml 


A^ 


Vreka,  iti  Ciilifoniia,  wlii'i'o  ho  milled,  iiiueting 
with  fair  success.  He  returned  Kast  to  Iowa 
iiy  way  of  tiie  Isthimis,  and  remained  there  until 
^[arc.ii  25.  18.j"J,  wiien  he  again  started  across 
the  plains,  this  time  taking  with  him  his  wife 
and  four  children. 

His  marria;ie  occurred  in  Fehruary,  1837,  his 
wife  lieiuir  Miss  Lucretia  Chandler.  The  clnl- 
drt'n  who  crossed  the  plains  with  their  parents 
in  18r):2  were:  Nareissa  Jane,  now  the  wife  of 
Joseph  (xibson;  Sarah  Virginia,  who  married 
Jiiseph  Hrannon;  Mary  Rebecca,  wlii  died  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  C'ornelius  Clark. 
All  the  survivors  reside  in  the  State  of  Wash- 
ington. This  trip  across  the  plains  was  a  de- 
lightful one,  being  madt^  in  a  family  carriage. 
He  located  on  a  donation  claim  in  Thurston 
county,  then  in  Oregon,  but  now  a  part  of  Wash- 
ington. He  had  040  acres  of  land  and  made 
that  place  his  home  until  1808.  He  began  with 
a  little  shanty  and  traded  in  horses,  hogs,  sheep 
and  cattle,  driving  them  to  Victoria.  In  this 
(iccujiation  he  was  quite  successful.  In  185o, 
when  the  Indian  war  broke  out,  he  enlisted  as  a 
private,  but  was  elected  Captain  of  Company  F, 
Washintiton  Volunteer  Militia.  The  soldiers 
jirovided  their  own  iKjrses  aud  e«iuipment8. 
His  company  was  disbanded  and  he  enlisted  in 
Company  C,  Secoi  d  liegirnent  of  Volunteers, 
and  terved  to  the  close  of  the  war  as  captain  of 
the  company,  fighting  valiantly  in  many  engage- 
ments with  the  Indians. 

During  his  absence  the  family,  with  others, 
resided  in  Fort  Huines,  near  C4rand  Mound 
I'rairie. 

The  volunteers  beat  the  Indians  in  every  en- 
srairemont.  notwithstanding  they  had  to  contend 
against  great  odds.  There  was  no  choice.  It 
was  whip  or  be  scalped.  The  Indians  had  killed 
a  great  nmny  of  the  settlers,  aud  among  whom 
ivere  Cajitain  Ilemiess'  son-in-law's  brother, 
William  l!rannon,and  all  his  family. 

In  lHS-1,  while  residing  in  Thurston  county, 
he  was  elected  to  the  Territorial  Legislature, 
and  so  satisfactory  were  his  services  that  he  was 
re  elected  five  times. 

.\fter  the  close  iif  the  war  he  closed  out  his 
stock  and  went  to  the  Caribou  mines  in  Hritish 
America,  where  he  made  a  fortune,  but  lost  it 
again  by  investing  in  aTid  working  deep  claims. 
The  first  claim  he  had  there  cost  him  Slti.KOO 
for  one- seventh  interest,  yet  in  si.\  months'  time 
he  took  out  .'iil2i3,(tflfl  over  cost,  lletiien  retireil 
to  Portland.      He   hal  lost  his  wife  some  time 


)revious,  and  on  tlu^  li5fh  of  T'ebruary,  180S, 
le  was  united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  IJebecca  V. 
Ross,  widow  of  Sherry  Ross,  a  worthy  jiioneer 
of  184o.  She  was  the  dauirhter  of  Christian 
and  ^latilda  (Landers)  Deardof,  both  natives  of 
Virginia,  and  of  Oerman  ancestry.  Their  fore- 
fathers settled  in  Virginia  during  the  early  his 
tory  of  that  State.  The  Landers  are  of  mixed 
Welsh  and  Scotch  blood.  They  removed  to 
Indiana  and  went  thence  to  Iowa,  where  Mr. 
Deardof's  father  and  mother  died.  He  crossed 
the  plains  in  ISoO  with  his  wife  and  three  sons 
and  two  daughters.  They  were  caught  in  the 
snow  in  the  Cascade  mountains,  their  teams 
gave  out  and  died,  aud  they  were  obliged  to 
separate,  t\w  mother  and  daughters  coming  out 
of  thi^  mountains  with  a  highly  respected  pio- 
neer, Hon.  Jesse  Walling.  They  barely  escaped 
beinji  buried  alive.  Some  of  the  thinofs  ttiev 
buried,  but  when  they  went  back  for  them  they 
found  that  they  had  been  stolen. 

The  privations  that  these  peo|)le  endured  can 
hardly  lie  realized  in  these  days.  That  woman 
and  her  two  daughters  walked  nearly  all  the  wi^y 
throngh  the  mountains  until  they  reached  shel- 
ter. It  seems  wonderful  that  that  young  girl 
who  had  to  endure  so  many  hardships  to  reach 
Oregon,  is  now  one  of  the  most  refined  and 
wealthy  ladies  of  that  State.  The  family  all 
came  out  of  the  adventure  alive,  and  the  father 
at  first  worked  by  the  day  loading  vessels  at 
Milwaukee.  He  then  took  a(iovernmentclaimof 
()4U  acres,  for  himself  and  wife,  six  miles  east 
of  Milwaukee,  which  he  improved  anil  retained 
until  his  death,  which  took  place  on  the  18th  of 
December,  180(5.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  aud  a  man  of  integrity  and 
worth. "^  His  wife  died  on  the  SOtli  of  April, 
18'.tl.  She  was  a  faithful  wife,  a  loving  mother 
and  had  mp.ny  friends. 

Mrs.  Ilenness  had  seven  children  by  her  first 
husband,  Mr.  Ross,  four  of  whom  lived  to  num'a 
estate.  The  eldest,  Mary  Jane,  is  the  wife  of 
the  Hon.  Tyter  Wood  Ward.  Clara  married 
Hentham  B.  Hrodenden,  and  resides  at  Spokane 
Falls.  Her  son,  Delman  H.  Ross,  lived  to  be 
thirty-five  yi^ars  of  age,  and  he  was  married  and 
reside<l  in  east  Portland.  He  died  on  the  "iOth 
of  November,  188'.l.  Charles  D.  married  the 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  Apio  Watt.  He  died 
May,  1885,  at  Los  Angeles,  California. 

(Captain  Ilenness  went  to  Salem  and  was  for  a 
time  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  He  then 
sold  out  aud  returned  to  the    vicinity    of    Port- 


it  I  STORY    OF    OREOON. 


lOIH 


■■ 


lanil,  wlieve  lie  piireliased  forty-four  acres  of 
land  west  I  if  the  city,  and  Iniilt  iijxin  it.  Suun 
after  tliis  lie  bouf^lit  a  f'ai'ni  this  side  of  tlie 
Dalles,  at  the  month  uf  the  Hood  I'iver.  It  had 
a  tine  peach  orchard,  in  fact  one  of  the  heat  in 
the  State.  In  the  freshet  which  occurred  in 
the  siiinnier  of  187f),  the  orchard  was  destroyed. 
This  pro])erty  he  a  little  later  sold,  and  coming 
to  Mount  Taljor,  he  purchased  ten  acres,  for 
which  he  paid  !?1,00();  cleared  it  off'aTid  huilt  a 
tine  residence,  where  he  now  reside.s  in  peace 
and  contentment.  The  jiroperty  has  greatly  in- 
creased in  value  since  he  bought  it. 

The  Captain  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, and  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  They  enjoy  the  esteem  of 
all  who  know  them. 


'■t-r^^t»  «i>?-^-T-)> 


y)N.  N.  B.  HUMIMIUEY.  a  widely  known 
and  liiglily  respected  citizen  of  Pendleton, 
I'matilla  county.  Oregon,  was  born  De- 
cember ;i(l,  1S40.  lie  was  the  seventh  child  of 
George  and  Elizabeth  (McCoy)  Humphrey,  na- 
tives of  Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  where  they 
were  married,  and  soon  afterward  removed  to 
Iowa  (in  1836),  and  remained  there  farming  un- 
til 1805,  when  they  came  to  Oregon.  The 
father  died  in  1871*,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine, 
and  the  mother  at  the  same  age,  in  1882.  They 
were  the  patents  of  twelve  children. 

The  education  of  our  subject  was  limited  to 
the  |)ublic  schools  of  his  district,  he  remaining 
upon  the  farm  until  lie  was  seventeen,  when  lu' 
began  the  study  of  law  in  the  ottice  of  T.  B. 
Perry,  of  Iowa.  Four  years  later  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  (iti  18(51),  but  in  the  follow- 
ing year,  being  fired  with  patriotism,  he  enlisti'd, 
July  28,  1802,  as  a  private  in  Company  B, 
Twenty-second  Iowa  Infantry.  Soon  afterward 
he  was  made  First- Lieuteiujut,  and  nine  months 
later,  upon  tlii'  recommendation  of  the  regi- 
mental oHieers,  and  by  the  unanimous  vote  of 
his  company,  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy. 

Captain  Ilumjihrey  was  a  favorite  and  popu- 
lar oliicer;  in  fact,  he  has  liostti  of  warm  friends 
and  admirers  wherever  he  may  be,  and  made  for 
himself  a  most  honorable  record  as  a  soldier, 
remaining  until  the  war  was  over,  being  mus- 
tered ont  August  30,  18t)5.  Although  slightly 
wounded  three  times,  he  never  lost  a  day  from 
duty.     Ue  took  part  in  the  following  buttles: 


Fort  Gibson,  Champion  Hills,  Black  I'iver 
Bridge,  siege  (d'  N'ickslnirg,  Jackson  Missis- 
sippi, Winchester  (September,  1804),  Fisher 
Hill,  Cedar  Creek  and  many  snniller  engai^e- 
inents.  At  Vicksburg  he  was  slightly  wounded 
in  the  arm  by  a  bayonet  thrust;  at  Winchester 
iiy  a  minie  ball,  and  at  Fort  Ciibsnn  by  a  shell, 
carrying  the  mai'k  of  the  latter  to  tiiis  day.  His 
conijiany  was  mustered  in  108  strong,  and  came 
out  with  but  twenty-three  men,  <inly  live  of 
whom  are  living,  and  not  one  of  them  has  ever 
received  one  cent  from  the  (Jovernment,  or  an 
office  of  any  kind. 

After  his  retirement  from  the  army  Captain 
Humphrey  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Iowa, 
resumed  the  jiractice  of  the  law,  removing  to 
Albany,  Oregon,  in  the  following  year,  having 
served  one  year  as  City  Judge  before  his  de- 
parture. In  1872  he  was  elected  Kepresentative 
of  his  district,  and  served  two  years.  He  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  ISSO  from  Linn 
county  for  the  four  years' term.  Ju<lge  Hnm- 
])hrey  was  twice  elected  ^layor  of  Albany.  He 
came  to  Pendleton  in  1890,  opened  bis  office, 
and  has  been  practicing  since. 

Judge  Ilumjihrey  is  a  man  of  most  generous 
impulses,  1 
estly  as  a ' 

help  those  that  are  in  distress.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican;  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Lodge 
and  Chajiter  at  Albany,  and  has  tilled  the  several 
chairs;  and  is  a  Presbyterian. 


impulses,  and  defends  a  jieimiless  client  ar-  carn- 
wealthy  one;  his  hand  is  ever  ready  to 


■^•^•%¥ 


J1*'XSEX,  president  of  the  Jensen  Can- 
Filling  Machine  Company,  of  .Vstoria, 
_.^.  >"  was  born  in  Denmark,  in  183(i.  He 
was  educated  in  the  schools  of  that  country. 
reared  upon  a  farm  and  continued  to  engage  in 
agricultural  pursuits  until  1863,  when  he  em- 
barked for  the  I'nited  States,  and  in  due  course 
of  time  arrived  in  New  York.  Proceeding  to 
Colorado,  he  followed  mining  for  three  years, 
then  went  to  Pennsylvania  and  engaged  in  rail- 
road work  until  1867.  when  he  followed  coal- 
mining in  Illinois,  and  later  in  Wyoming,  and 
then  his  inventive  genius  began  working,  and 
he  produced  a  miicliine  for  the  rapid  loading  of 
box  cars,  carrying  coal  to  the  ends,  and  saving 
the  work  of  two  men.  He  labored  in  coal  and 
gold-placer  mining  in  Wyoming  until  1S73. 
when  he  came  to  .Vstoria  and  engajfed  in  salmon 


i 


I' 


i 


I ' 


1093 


II I  STORY    OF    ORKaoif. 


iisliing.  Tlu'  repiiiring  of  lifts  suirfresteil  the 
Jensen  Needle-Filliiio'  Mucliiiie,  wliieli  supplied 
ii  loiig-l'elt  want,  hut  with  tho  liinitej  market 
450  iiiaeliiiu's  filli'd  the  (ieiiiand,  and  in  187U 
he  returned  to  tisliing.  In  Issl  he  perfected  a 
nettini^  iiiachiiie,  which  turned  mit  tiie  woi-k  tiie 
>aiiie  as  hv  iiaiid,  but  this  interfered  witji  the 
worii  I  if  the  tidierineii  diiriiiij;  the  idle  season, 
and  the  union  ohjeetcil  to  the  inaehine  iieiiig 
used.  In  Ifi'i'i  Mr.  Jensen  patented  his  can- 
tillinrf  iniieliine,  wiiicli  packs  the  fresh  salmon 
ill  one-pound  cans,  at  the  rate  of  forty-eight 
eans  per  minute,  .doing  the  work  of  sixteen 
men.  About  120  of  these  machines  are  now  in 
Alaska.  His  can-capjiing  and  crimping  and 
can  bodv-formini;;  and  si<le  seam-soldering  ma 
ehiiies  ai'e  practical  inventions,  and  aiv  lioth  in 
use.  His  latest  invention  is  for  the  inanu- 
t'acture  ot  liill-nets,  tyinij  with  the  double  knot 
and  netting  :i(IO  feet  per  hour. 

In  188;{  Air.  Jensen  incorporated  the  Jeiit-en 
Can-Filling  Machine  Conipanv.  with  IVictory  on 
IJeiiton  street,  near  the  wharf.  Mr.  .lensen 
gi\es  his  undiviiled  attention  to  the  [u-rfecting 
and  manufacture  of  his  several  machines,  all 
of  which  are  labor-saving  and  will  materially 
cheapen  the  canning  process. 

Lf^KWTON  J.  II KXTON,  City  Recorder  for 
.\lbany,  Linn  county,  Oregon,  dates  his 
birth  in  ( (skidoosa,  Iowa,  in  1841*.  Jlis 
father.  Dr.  Xewt(jn  Ilenton,  was  horn  in  Vir- 
ginia, a  descendant  of  Knglish  ancestry,  and  in 
his  b()yhoo<l  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  Indi- 
ana, where  he  completed  his  education  in  liter- 
ature and  the  science  of  meclicine.  Ilewasmai'- 
rie  I  in  Marion,  Indiana.  October  12,  1847,  to 
Miss  Caroline  I..  Hogiu,  a  lady  of  Scotch-Irish 
descent.  Heinoving  to  Oskaloo.-a,  Dr.  Ilenton 
engage<l  in  the  ]iractice  of  his  profession  there, 
and  subsequently  o[)ened  a  drug  store,  conduct- 
ing the  same  until  187"),  when  he  sold  out  and 
came  to  Oregon,  .\fter  passing  two  years  in 
Albany,  he  removed,  in  1877.  to  Kllensburgli, 
Washinglon  Territory,  where  \n\  followed  liis 
[)rofession  until  (.lis  death,  in  188'J,  at  the  acre  of 
sixty-tive  years.  His  widow  and  daughter  still 
reside  at  that  place.  In  their  family  of  seven 
children  only  three  lived  to  maturity. 

Newton  .1.  |iiirsucd  his  academic  course  of 
instruction  at  Oskaloosa  College,  and  took  a 
four  years"  courso  at  the  luwa   Wesleyan   Uni- 


versity, graduating  in  1872.  While  in  college 
it  was  his  intention  to  tit  himself  for  the  legal 
profession;  but,  when  lii«  grailuated,  his  father 
being  in  |)Oor  health,  he  entered  the  drug  store 
and  assisted  his  father  until  the  Doctor  sold  out 
to  remove  to  Oregon.  Newton  J.  remained  in 
Iowa  until  lS7t!,  when  he.  too,  decided  to  come 
West,  rpon  his  arrival  in  Oregon,  he  located 
in  Salem,  and  tlu;  following  year  came  from 
there  to  Albany.  Here  he  secured  a  clerkship 
in  the  drug  store  of  Koabay  &  Mason,  with 
wliom  he  remained  until  1880,  when  lie  was 
employed  by  E.  W.  Langdon  &  Co.,  continuing 
in  tlii'ir  service  until  they  retire<t  from  business 
in  188(i. 

Mr.  Ilenton  was  elected  liecorder  for  the  city 
of  .Mbany,  upon  the  Ue|)ublican  ticket,  in  1880, 
and  as  the  iluties  of  the  office  were  very  light, 
he  was  enabled  to  continue  the  drug  business. 
He  has  been  continuously  re-idected  to  the  office, 
and  is  the  present  incuml)ent.  Since  188ti,  liis 
time  has  been  entiiely  occupic(l  with  his  official 
duties,  which  also  embrace  those  of  City  Clerk 
and    Police  Judge. 

Mr.  Ilenton  was  married  in  New  Sharon, 
Iowa,  in  1874,  to  Miss  .Sarah  J.  Cole,  a  native 
of  Wisconsin.  They  have  had  three  chil- 
ilren,  two  of  whom  are  living;  l^oiiia  A.  and 
Vesta  \.. 

lie  is  a  memhRr  of  the  subordinate  and 
rniform  Rank,  K.  of  I'.,  and  also  of  the  A. 
O.  r.  W.  He  being  a  Republican,  his  long 
term  of  otKce  in  a  Democratic  coiintj,  is  the 
highest  eulogy  which  (!an  be  paiil  him. 


.•^-i..t.,r^. 


KORGK  HORNHUCKLE.  another  one  of 
the  Oi-egon   pioneers  of  1852,  and  a  well- 

^  to-ilo  farmer  residing  on  his  donation  idaim 
near  I'eaverton. was  born  in  Rarkstone,  Leicester- 
shire, England.  Janiiary  l!i.  1822.  His  parents 
were  ivlwanl  and  Sai'ali  (Rrewett)  IIornbu(d<le, 
natives  of  that  country  and  of  ohl  i'lnglish  an- 
cestry. They  were  niembers  of  the  Efiiscojial 
Church,  and  his  father  was  by  trade  a  carriage 
and  wagonmaker.  Their  fainily  was  composed 
of  eight  foils  and  two  daughters.  The  father 
died  in  1842,  in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his 
age,  and  tho  mother  passed  away  in  1852. 

Cieorge  Ilornbiickle  was  reared  to  manhood  in 
his  native  land,  and  was  there  married,  in  1842, 
to  Miss  Charlotte  Knight,  who  was  born  in  En- 
gland iu  1820,  daughter  of  Samuel  Knight.     In 


If' 


nisrour  o/'  oreoon. 


iofl« 


of 


till-  fall  of  184!)  lie  luul  his  wife  set  sail  for 
America,  liiiuled  in  I'liiladelpjiia  on  the  litli  of 
IJece'iilier,  went  tVoni  there  to  Urooklyii,  thence 
to  Hulfalo,  and  the  following  April  loeiited  in 
AViaconsin.  After  farming  in  that  State  two 
yeara,  they  started,  April  12,  1852,  on  the  long 
jonrney  to  Oregon,  coming  with  ox  teams.  They 
escaped  disease  and  tlu^  Indians,  made  a  safe 
journey,  and  arrived  at  I'ortlanil  Septeinher  30, 
1852.  Mr.  Ilornbnc'kle  teamed  with  his  oxen 
that  winter  in  Pui'thind,  and  in  the  spring  came 
to  hie  present  locality,  one  mile  west  of  Heaver- 
ton,  where  he  took  up  2!)0  acres  of  laud.  Here 
they  built  the  little  log  cabin  of  the  pioneer, 
and  on  this  property  they  have  since  made  their 
home.  To  his  original  purchase  he  has  since 
added  other  land,  and  recently  has  subdivided 
and  sold  portions  of  it.  The  Catholic  Orphan's 
Home,  a  !ji25.00(>  structure,  is  located  on  land 
he  sold  them.  As  the  years  have  rolled  by, 
prosperity  has  attended  the  earnest  elforts  of 
this  worthy  couple,  and  they  are  now  in  the  en- 
joyment of  a  nice  home,  surrounded  with  all  the 
comforts  of  life. 

Mr.  llornbiickle  has  been  a  Republican  ever 
since  that  party  was  organized.  .Afrs.  Ilornbuckle 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Ohurcli. 


[EPTIMUS  lIFKLATisone  of  the  oldest 
lawyers  of  Clackamas  county,  only  one 
other  lawyer,  Hon.  W.  Carey  .lohnson  an- 
tedating him.  These  two  were  opposing  coun- 
sel in  nearly  all  the  leading  cases  in  the  county, 
for  many  years.  Judge  lluelat  has  resided  in 
Oregon  for  nearly  forty-two  years  and  has  been 
a  practitioner  at  the  bar  for  thirty-two  years,  and 
is  a  thoroughly  read  and  experienced  lawyer. 
The  Judge's  father,  John  Huelat,  was  a  native 
of  England,  but  came  to  New  Vork  when  a 
yi)\ing  man.  lie  married  Louisa  Freshwater,  a 
native  of  England,  and  they  had  fourteen  chil- 
dren, of  whom  our  subject  was  the  seventh  son, 
hence  his  name,  Septimus.  During  a  visit  of 
the  Judge's  parents  to  England,  some  fifty  years 
ago,  this  talented  son  of  theirs  was  born.  Soon 
after  his  birth  the  jiaronts  returned  to  New  York, 
and  here  Septimus  was  reared  and  educated.  If 
our  subject  had  had  the  ordering  of  his  birth  he 
would  have  chosen  the  United  States  as  his  na- 
tive land,  but  for  all  that,  he  is  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States,  born  while  his  parents  were 
abroad,  as  his  parents  were  naturalized. 


He  came  to  Oregon  in  185(1,  and  at  first  was 
a  clerk  in  a  store,  later  eiii'ai'ed  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  in  1855  was  elected  Sheriff  of  the 
county  of  Clackamas,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  two  years  and  then  engaged  in  ranching, 
raising  stock  with  Mr.  James  K.  Kelly,  now  an 
ex-I'iiifed  States  Senator.  The  ranch  was  on  ' 
Hu tte  creek. 

He  read  law  with  .Mr.  Kelly  and  was  admit- 
ted to  practice  in  18(J0,  and  at  once  began  his 
practice,  in  which  he  has  continued  ever  since. 
In  1^62  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  county,  on 
what  was  called  the  Union  ticket.  It  was  dur- 
\\w  the  war.  and  Judi£e  Huelat  was  a  strong 
I'liion  man.  This  was  the  year  and  ticket  on 
which  Governoi'  (iiitbs  was  elected  (Jovcrnor  of 
Oregon  and  Mr.  .MclJride  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress. Every  one  who  loved  his  country  was  in- 
terested in  that  ticket,  anil  they  cairied  the  State 
by  a  large  majority.  It  was  a  general  uprising 
of  the  loyal  people.  Judge  Huelat  took  an  act- 
ive part  in  the  stirring  events  of  those  «lays, 
he  being  then  a  |)rominent  young  lawyei'.  After 
serving  creditably  as  County  Judge  for  two 
years  he  resigned  to  give  his  full  attention  to 
his  ])ractice. 

br.  McLonghlin,  the  founder  of  Oregon  City 
and  a  resident  there,  was  very  friendly  to  our 
subject.  In  the  general  election  of  June.  1855, 
at  which  time  there  were  numerous  candidates 
to  be  voted  for,  including  member  of  Coi'gress, 
of  the  Legislature,  .Vssembly,  etc.,  .ludge  lluelat 
was  a  candidate  for  Sheriff.  The  Doctor  came 
to  the  poles  and  voted  for  the  Judge  alone,  <le- 
diningto  vote  for  anyone  else  on  either  ticket. 
This  was  the  last  vote  ever  cast  by  the  Doctor. 
After  resigning  his  otHce  of  Judge,  our  subject 
continue<i  in  the  jiractice  of  his  profession,  in 
his  portion  of  Oregon.  He  still  |)rftctices  law, 
but  only  takes  such  cases  as  interest  him,  as  he 
is  heyond  the  need  of  any  financial  benefit  from 
them,  and  only  continues  to  engage  in  his  pro- 
fession from  the  love  of  it. 

The  Judge  was  married  in  1884  to  a  lady 
whose  maiden  name  was  Hewlett.  He  has  a 
very  nice  tr.ict  of  land,  with  comfortable  resi- 
dence on  the  east  side  of  the  city,  where  lie 
spends  his  leisure  hours,  in  inakidg  iinprovo- 
ments  and  beautifying  his  grounds. 

During  his  long  residence  in  Oregon  City 
he  has  been  connected  with  many  iinprove- 
jiients.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  Lock  Com- 
pany for  several  years.  His  knowledge  and 
opinions  in  regard  to  legal  matters  is  regarded 


m 


Hll 

milii 

Hrai 

^ii 

'^Hl 

Hi 

HBI 

t-A'- 

iNHi 

l'- 

1094 


HISTORY    OF    <>llK(li)S. 


as  very  reliable  and  valimlilc.  lie  is  a  iiiaii 
of  idciis  and  originality  of  tlionglit,  and  is 
guided  by  liis  (,wn  judgment.  He  usually 
votes  the  Dcniocrntic  ticket,  but  the  year  ^Ir. 
Cleveland  ran,  he  cast  his  vote  for  James  (i. 
Hlaine. 

From  this  brief  Bketcii,  ijrief  because  it  was 
impossible  to  get  as  modest  a  man  as  the 
Judge  til  talk  of  his  own  achievements,  and 
not  for  lack  of  incidents  in  so  eventful  a  life, 
one  may  easily  see  that  Judge  Iluelat  is  a 
manly  gentleman,  a  good  lawyer  and  reliable 
citizen. 

-^•€@-®^'^ 

fOIIX  UONEYMAN.  senior  member  of  the 
firm  of  John  Iloneynian  iV:  Co.,  proprietors 
of  the  City  P^oiindry  and  Atachine  Shops. 
Portland,  is  a  native  of  Glasgow,  Scotland,  born 
August  I'i,  1S15.  He  is  descended  from  a 
family  of  mechanics,  and  very  naturally  adopted 
the  trade  in  which  he  is  now  engaged.  Begin- 
ning the  occupation  of  a  molder  under  the  di- 
rection of  his  father  .J  (ilasgow  and  Greenock, 
he  emigrated  to  Canada  in  ISiJl,  and  there  com- 
pleted his  apprenticeship  under  instruction  in 
the  fouiulry  of  Bennet  i^:  llenderson  at  Montreal. 
After  four  years  (jf  faithful  service  he  began 
work  as  a  jonrneynnin,  which  he  continued  until 
ls:-{t).  During  that  year  and  the  following  he 
participated  in  the  Canadian  rebellion,  and 
after  the  declaration  of  peace  he  removed  to 
C^uebec;  there  he  was  foreman  in  the  Tweedle 
foundry,  holding  the  position  until  1841.  Then 
he  went  to  Kingston,  and  was  foreman  in  the 
foundry  and  machine  shop  until  1840;  in  the 
latter  year  he  started  the  Ontario  foundry  and 
machine  shops,  which  he  sold  at  the  end  of  two 
years.  The  ne.xt  enterprise  in  which  he  en- 
gaged was  the  establishing  of  the  Vulcan  foundry 
and  machine  shops  which  he  operated  until 
1800. 

In  July  of  that  year  he  disjiosed  of  his 
interest  there,  and,  accomj)anie(l  by  hie  son, 
William  B.,  he  started  to  Colorado.  They 
traveled  to  St.  Joe,  Missouri,  by  rail,  and  tlience 
by  the  Wells-Fargo  K.\pres.s  to  Denver,  a  dis- 
tance of  00(1  miles.  They  engiigeil  in  mining  at 
Canon  City  and  California  (iulcli,  now  Lead- 
ville,  until  the  sjiriinjof  1802;  then  they  crossed 
the  plains  with  ox  teams  to  Oregon,  arriving 
without  serious  mishap  at  the  Dalles;  theycon- 


tinueil  their  journey  by  river  to  I'ortlatid,  wlierc 
they  arrived  Dei/ember  23,  1862,  without  a 
penny  in  their  pockets.  Mr.  Honeyinan  soon 
secured  work  in  the  Oregon  foundry,  and  there 
remained  until. June,  180:j.  when  he  went  to  Idaho 
Basin,  where  he  followed  mining  and  also  worked 
at  his  trade.  At  Kocky  Bar  he  erected  several 
quartz  mills,  receiving  wages  of  $10  per  day. 

Mr.  Honeyinan  was  married,  in  I8i(0,  on  the 
0th  day  of  May,  to  Miss  Eliza  Levitt,  a  native 
of  Yorkshire,  England,  ami  they  reared  a  family 
of  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  survive. 

In  1807  Mr.  Iloneyman  returned  to  Portland 
and  brought  his  family  from  Kingston,  Canada, 
for  permanent  settlement.  He  followed  his 
trade  until  1871,  when  he  starteil  the  City 
Foundry  and  Machine  Shops,  on  the  corner  of 
Front  and  Columbia  streets,  which  ho  managed 
very  successfully  until  1873.  when  the  entire 
plant  was  destroyed  by  fire.  With  great  courage 
and  energy  lie  set  about  bringing  order  out  of 
the  chaos,  and  at  the  end  of  twenty-two  days  a 
new  structure  was  completed  and  tlie  first  cast- 
ings had  been  run.  The  firm  of  J.  Honeynian 
&  Co.,  was  then  organized,  the  members  of  the 
corporation  being  J.  Iloneyman  and  his  three 
sons, -foil;,  .\.,  William  B.,  and  Benjamin  V. 
They  did  an  extensive  and  profitable  business 
until  1885,  when  the  firm  dissolved,  John 
Iloneyman  and  his  son,  Benjamin  F.,  continu- 
ing the  business.  They  manufacture  every- 
thing, from  a  boiler  and  engine  to  the  most  deli- 
cate castings;  the  shops  are  very  completely 
e(juip|)ed  with  the  best  improved  machinery, 
and  the  furnace  stack  is  capable  of  melting  six 
tons  at  a  single  heat.  They  employ  on  an  aver- 
age of  twenty  hands.  In  1S82  they  built  the 
city  dredger  for  the  Willamette  river,  which  is 
pronounced  by  the  I'nited  States  engineer  to  be 
the  most  jicrfect  he  has  ever  used. 

Mr.  Iloneyman  is  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
St.  Andrew's  Society,  and  is  a  charter  member 
of  that  body.  He  has  devoted  his  life  to  busi- 
ness, and  by  the  em|)loyment  of  high  ami  honor- 
able methods  he  has  won  the  regard  and  esteem 
of  a  wide  circle  of  accpiaintance. 


|.\THANIKL  HOLMAX,  proprietor  of  tiic 
Ilolman  Hotel,  Dallas,  Polk  county,  Ore- 
gon, is  a  representative  business  man  and 

capitalist  of   this  city.      Following    is   a    brief 

sketch  of  his  life: 


UtaroiiY    Oh'   OREGON. 


1005 


XatliiinicI  Iloliiriii  was  l>orn  in  Pliittu  foiiiity, 
Missouri,  A[)ril  11,  1840.  His  fiitiicr,  .liiiiies 
S.  Ildiinaii,  a  native  of  Tomiessco,  was  born 
November  28,  1813,  iiis  popple  l)uini^  early  set- 
tlers of  that  State,  lie  mirrieil  Miss  Mary 
Bowman,  also  a  native  of  Tennessee,  the  date  of 
her  birth  beinj^  Xovcmbor  22,  1811.  Both  had 
emigrated  to  Missouri,  and  their  marriage 
occurred  in  that  State.  Seven  children  were 
born  to  them  in  I'latte  county,  two  of  whom 
died  there.  In  1847  he  and  his  wife  and  the 
surviving,  children  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
making  the  six  months'  journey  with  ox  teams, 
and  meeting  with  no  serious  mishap  on  the 
way.  Arrive<l  in  I'olk  county,  they  settled  on 
the  Luckamute  I'iver,  twelve  miles  south  of 
Dallas,  on  a  donation  claim  of  640  aci'es.  On 
this  jiroperty  Mr.  Holman  built  a  cabin,  and  in 
pioneer  style  established  their  home  in  it,  and 
liere  they  completed  the  rearing  of  their  chil- 
dren. He  was  prospered  in  his  iindertakinga, 
and  was  enabled  to  purchase  lOU  acres  more 
land.  A  part  of  the  donation  claim  is  still 
owned  by  the  family.  Mr.  Ilolman  was  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  and  was  deeply  interested 
in  public  afiairs.  lie  was  thrice  elected  and 
served  as  Sheriff,  his  second  term  being  the 
tirst  under  the  State  government  of  Oregon, 
lie  was  also  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legis- 
lature, and  was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  serving  in  all  these  positions 
with  his  characteristic  ability.  He  died  in  1880, 
in  his  sixty-seventh  year,  highly  respected 
by  all  who  knew  him.  His  wife  survived  him 
till  1883.  Hotli  were  members  of  the  I'aptist 
Cliurch.  Two  children  were  added  to  the  fam- 
ily in  Oregon:  Amos  H.  and  Mary  II.  The 
latter  married  Eli  Crossley,  and  died  in  lier 
twenty-fourth  year,  leaving  one  child. 

Nathaniel  Ilolman,  who  has  furnished  the 
data  for  this  sketch,  was  one  year  old  when  he 
arrived  in  Oregon  with  his  father  and  family, 
in  1847.  He  attended  the  public  schools,  the 
Baptist  College  at  McMiuTiville.  and  the  Chris- 
tian College  at  Monmouth,  and  also  the  Wil- 
lamette University.  After  this  he  was  engaged 
in  teaching  thi'ee  years  in  Polk  and  Benton 
counties.  The  following  live  years  he  fanned 
on  his  father's  land,  and  then  six  years  on  a 
farm  of  his  own,  having  purchased  480  acres. 
At  the  expiration  of  that  period  ho  rented  his 
land,  moved  to  Dallas,  purchased  property  here, 
and  until  1889  was  engaged  in  the  livery  busi- 
ness.    That   year  he  sold  out  and  engaged  in 


spocuhitingand  money-loaning.  He  was  ii  stock- 
holder in  the  building  of  the  Ilolman  Hotel,  a 
large  and  Hrst-class  house,  whicii  had  been  very 
much  needed  in  Dallas.  After  its  erection  he 
purchased  the  other  stock,  and  has  since  been 
solo  proprietor  of  the  property.  Mr.  Hnlman 
is  also  a  stockholder  in  the  building  of  the  large 
woolen  mill  here.  He  ali-o  owns  other  valuable 
pro|)erty  in  Dallas.  ' 

lu  1868  Ml'.  Holman  married  Miss  Martha 
Waters,  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  a  daughter  of 
E.  U.  Waters.  They  have  had  four  (diildren, 
three  of  whom  are  living,  all  born  in  I'olk 
county,  namely:  William  II.,  who  died  in 
his  thirteenth  year;  Nettie  J.,  John  I),  and 
James  N. 

Mr.  Holman  afHIiates  with  the  Republican 
party,  and  is  now  President  of  the  City 
Council. 

I'OIIN  IIOLMAN,  vice-president  and  super- 
intendent of  the  Albany  Iron  Works,  was 
born  in  London,  Ontario,  Canada,  in  1838; 
descended  from  Sir  William  Beimett  Ilolman,  a 
prominent  landholder  of  England.  The  father 
of  our  subject,  Lewis  Ilolman,  emigrated  to 
Canada  in  boyhood,  and  there  learned  the  trade 
of  millwright,  mechanism  being  his  right  by 
inheritance,  as  many  of  his  ancestors  had  been 
skilled  mechanics,  lie  was  married  in  Canada, 
to  iliss  Jane  Bailey,  of  English  descent,  and  he 
followed  contracting  and  building  through  life. 
They  had  twelve  (diildren,  all  of  whom  are 
living,  with  a  very  large  posterity. 

John  Holman  was  educated  in  Ontario  U!itil 
he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  wlieii  he  was  bound 
out  to  Hon.  Elijah  Leonard  for  five  years,  to 
learn  the  trade  of  i!iolder  and  machinist,  re- 
ceiving a  mere  pittance  as  wages  for  services 
rendered.  In  18511  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  and  passed  thr<!e  yofirs  in  the  leading 
machine  shops  of  Rochester,  Butt'alo,  Detroit, 
Chicago  and  Cleveland,  learning  many  new 
points  of  advantage.  lie  then  returned  to  Lon- 
don, and  worked  in  the  shop  of  Mr.  Leonard 
until  1865,  when  he  started  for  the  Pacific 
coast,  first  visiting  California  and  then  going  to 
Salem,  Oregon,  where  his  uncle,  Joseph  Hol- 
man, a  pioneer  of  1840,  then  resided,  engaged 
ill  the  mercantile  business  and  the  manufacture 
of  oil.     Soon  after  arrival,  John  found  employ- 


1  I 


louo 


UISTUUr    OF    UltKaON. 


tt^l 


iiieiit  in  the  Siilciii  Iron  Works,  wlierc  lie  coii- 
tiiiiif(l  !is  joiirrieyiiiaii  iiiilil  lS<i7,  and  was  up- 
pointed  superintendent.  It  wan  tiiroiigli  his 
al)le  nianai;cinent  that  tiiey  iiave  built  ujian  ex 
tensive  business,  iieniuinini,'  witii  tiiein  until 
IsSJO,  hf  then  left  and  came  to  Albany,  ami 
lK)Ught  an  interest  in  tiio  Albany  iron  \Vori<8. 
which  were  establisiied  in  18(58  liy  y[r.  (Jlierry, 
i)Ut  had  continued  with  biii*  little  success.  With 
tlie  additional  skill  and  able  nianaj^oinent  of 
Mr.  ilolnian.  the  business  is  beinj.^  increased 
anil  e.xtendeil,  and  they  enjoy  the  contidence  and 
good-will  of  their  many  patrons.  The  works 
are  located  on  the  corner  of  First  and  Mont- 
j^oinery  streets,  with  shops  well  e(juipped  with 
imjiroved  ma'.dunery  for  a  j;eneral  foundry  and 
machine  business.  With  ample  ifromid  for  in- 
creased facilities,  a  valuable  water  jiower,  and 
convenient  access  to  railroad  and  steamboat 
transportation,  the  future  of  the  works  seems 
pro|(itiou8  unil  success  assured. 

N[r.  Ilolman  was  nnirried.  in  LStil,  to  June 
Weeks,  in  London.  Ontario,  and  they  have  fonr 
chihlren:  Minnie;  Walter  .1.;  Carrie  L..  wife  of 
Georire  Myer;  and  X'ictoi'ia  E.,  wife  of  John 
Lunn. 

Mr.  Ilolman  is  a  tiieniber  of  the  I.  ().  O.  F. 
and  Kncanipmcnt,  ami  was  the  active  institutor 
of  the  IVolection  Lodo;e,  A.  ().  U.  W.,  at  Salem. 
lie  has  taken  an  active  interest  for  many  years 
in  the  X'olunteer  Fire  Department,  thonirh  in  no 
sense  is  he  a  seeker  for  political  emolument. 


[AMl'EI.  lirCillKS,  the  ])ioneer  merchant 
of  Forest  Grove,  is  a  native  of  Cooper 
county,  Missouri,  born  on  the  othof  July, 
18:i.j.  His  father,  John  W.  Iluffbes,  was  a 
native  of  Tennessee,  born  in  18011,  but  his  i^reat- 
graudfather  llujrlies  was  born  in  Ireland  and 
emigrated  to  America  previous  to  the  Revolu- 
tion, atid  fought  in  the  Continental  army  during 
the  struggle  for  independence.  Three  genera- 
tions of  the  family  from  this  ancestor,  bore  the 
name  of  Satawhite,  down  to  the  father  of  our 
subject,  who  was  John  W.  The  latter  married 
in  Missouri  in  18;{:{,  Susan  Williams,  of  Tenn- 
essee. Their  union  was  blesseil  with  seven  chil- 
dren, of  whom  five  are  living.  Mr.  Hughes  was 
the  second  child.  He  w.is  raise<l  in  his  native 
State  and  then  removed  to  Texas,  where  he  fol- 
lowed the  trade  of  a  blacksmith,  as  well  as  that 
of   an    engineer   on    many  of  the  boats  on  the 


Mississippi  river.  At  Galveston,  Texas,  ho  re- 
sided a  short  tinu'  and  worked  in  a  foundry,  and 
was  also  engaged  in  putting  up  sugar  mills  and 
running  them  in  that  State,  from  18132  to  185(5. 
He  then  followed  the  example  of  so  many  others 
and  went  to  California.  Tlic  trip  was  mailo  by 
the  Isthmus  of  I'anauia.  After  reaching  there 
he  mined  in  se.'eral  ('onnties.  Tiring  of  this, 
i'c  went  to  San  Francisco  and  worked  in  a 
foundry  for  sometime,  and  was  later  engaged  in 
the  coast  survey  under  Colonel  Fairfield.  After 
that  work  was  finished  he  went  to  Portland, 
Oregon,  in  1857,  on  Noxember  14.  He  re- 
members that  day  as  it  was  the  (tne  oti  which 
the  .State  Constitution  was  adopted,  lie  worked 
at  his  trade  until  the  following  March,  and  then 
went  to  Forest  (irove.  In  that  same  month  he 
opened  a  blacksmith  shop,  which  he  continued 
successfully  till  ls()4,  and  then  he  went  to  Idaho 
and  worked  two  years  in  the  (piartz  mines. 
When  he  retired  from  the  Tiiincs,  lie  purchased 
a  farm  of  110  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  town 
plat  of  Forest  Grove,  where  he  built  a  home  and 
lias  since  resided.  In  1872  he  opene<l  his  hard- 
ware store  in  Forest  Cirove.  He  has  prosjiered 
so  much  in  this  business,  that  fonr  years  later 
he  built  a  store,  2t)  x  100  feet,  which  he  has  since 
occupied.  In  addition  to  this  he  lias  much 
space  devoted  to  farm  implements  and  stoves. 
His  was  the  first  store  of  its  kind  in  Forest 
Grove,  and  he  is  the  oldest  merchant  continu- 
ously in  business.  He  has  kept  his  old  custom- 
ers, and  his  trade  extends  ont  into  the  county. 
Mr.  Hughes'  methods  of  doing  business  have 
been  both  honorable  and  liberal,  and  by  this  he 
has  prospered.  He  has,  from  time  to  time, 
added  to  his  farih  until  he  now  has  286  acres.  Ho 
is  conducting  it  himself  and  is  raising  some 
famous  shorthorn  cattle.  Mr.  Hughes  has  been 
enterprising  in  the  way  of  improvements  in  the 
city;  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Electric 
Light  iV'  Cannery  Company. 

In  18511,  after  having  been  in  Forest  Grove 
Olio  year,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Georgia  A. 
lieed,  of  Missouri,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  James  II. 
lieed,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1852.  Five  sons 
and  three  daughters  blessed  their  union.  The 
son,  E.  C.  Hughes,  is  now  the  County  Clerk  of 
Washington  county;  S.  G.,  is  in  the  store  with 
his  father;  (ieorge  li..  is  also  in  the  store;  and 
John  W.  is  on  the  farm.  The  younger  children 
are  EInia  S.,  Maggie,  Grace  and  Georgia    May. 

Mr.  Hughes  has  the  credit  of  having  held  the 
office  of  Justice  of  the  I'eace  in  this  city  for 


nisroiti'  iih'  oiiEdos. 


Kill 


tweoty-tlireo  yeiirfi,  and  iiotwitlistamliiig  tliiTu 
were  luiiiitsroiis  aiipi'iilK  fi'niii  liis  (leciwioiis,  not 
Olio  was  ever  rcvurBfil.  Such  a  reconl  of  luj^al 
decrees  Ima  ln'oii  soldoin  ('(jiiak'd,  and  Imd  lio 
liceii  a  tliuroiii^hly  road  lawyer  lie  cuiild  not,  have 
been  more  correct  in  his  jiidffuu'iit.  In  politics 
he  is  a  |{i'])iil)licaii  and  is  f)ne  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial liiisiiifss  nu'ii  of  Ills  comity.  Very  fow 
have  made  such  a  f;oo(l  Iiiisiiies8  record  as  de- 
servedly as  he  has. 


^, 


^-©©:     <V 


fF.OllGE  W.  I'EKKINS,  one  of  the  liiglily 
respected  early  settlers  of  Vain  Hill 
county,  came  to  Oregon  in  185;J.  Fol- 
lowinfT  is  a  brief  ontline  of  his  life. 

Georije  AV.  Perkins  was  born  in  Cattarans'iis 
county,  New  Vork,  July  11,  181'J.  His  father, 
Kli  I'erkine,  was  a  niitivo  of  Massachusetts,  a 
descendant  of  early  New  Eup;land  B(<ttler8;  and 
his  mother,  Sally  (Hull)  I'erkins,  was  a  native 
of  Vermont,  and  the  daughter  of  a  Revolution- 
ary soldier.  Of  their  seven  (diildivn  only  three 
arc  now  living:  George  AV^  and  his  two  sisters, 
wives  of  Dan  and  .lames  .Johnson,  pioneers  of 
l^a  Fayette,  Oregon. 

Mr.  i'erkins  s|)cnt  eighteen  years  of  his  early 
life  in  Tippecanoe  county,  Indiana,  where  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Harriet  Heriidoij,  a  native 
of  that  State,  ami  a  daughter  of  ('.  Ilerndon. 
The  Ileriiddus  were  respected  farmers,  and  wor- 
thy meiiihers  of  the  Rajitist  Chiircli.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Perkins  started  with  their  family  across 
the  plains  for  Oregon  in  I85i{,  and  this  journey 
was  marked  by  two  important  events,  namely: 
tile  death  of  one  child  and  the  birth  of  another. 
While  they  were  on  the  jilaiiis  their  little  two- 
year-old  boy  accidentally  fell  into  a  kettle  and 
was  scalded,  dying  soon  afterward.  When  they 
were  on  the  Rlue  inonntains,  en  route  to  Vam 
Hill  county,  their  son,  Iildgar,  wa3  born.  This 
son  is  now  a  successful  business  man  of  La  Fay- 
ette. They  had  forty-three  head  of  cattle  wlien 
they  started  on  this  journey,  and  when  they  ar- 
rived in  Oregon  all  the  stock  they  had  left  was  a 
pair  of  mules,  the  rest  having  died. 

Arrived  in  Oregon,  Mr.  Perkins'  tirst  em- 
ployment was  in  a  sawmill,  and  his  wife  helped 
to  cook  for  the  mill  hands.  They  worked  in 
this  way  four  years.  Then  they  fettled  on  their 
donation  claim,  a  tract  of  305  acres,  ami  on  it 
lived  eighteen  year.s,  working  hard  to  develop  it. 


He  was  Huceesefiil  in  his  undertakings.  In  ISTO 
he  retired  from  the  I'arni,  ]iurcliiised  some  lots 
in  I, a  Fayette,  built  a  good  houses  and  barn,  and 
here  he  and  his  wile  are  (jnii'tly  spending  the 
e\eiiingof  their  lives  in  peace  and  comfort. 

Of  their  children  we  make  the  following 
record:  George  M.  resides  with  his  jiareiits; 
Sarah  (Jatliariiie  is  the  wife  of  .lob  .1.  Cary,  and 
lives  in  La  Fayette,  near  lii'i'  father's  lioiiie; 
Mary  .lane  is  now  Mrs.  Newton  Hcuibree,  and 
ia  also  a  resident  of  La  Fayette;  Eniiua  is  the 
wife  of  J.  il.  Hembree,  a  merchant  of  La  Fayette; 
L)elmar  have  (diarge  of  the  donation  claim.  This 
pioneer  couple  have  seven  grandchildren  and  two 
great-grandchildren. 

Mrs.  Perkins  is  a  nunnber  of  the  IJaj)tist 
(Jhurcli.  Mr.  Perkins  in  politics  is  a  goo(l 
representative  of  the  old  .JacKsonian  Democrat. 


-^£==^ -^fe-i  {♦.eii^  «= 


,E()RGE  W.  .JOHNSON,  a  ])roiiiinent 
member  of  commercial  circles  in  Marion 
county,  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  State 
of  Oregon.  He  was  born  at  Pittslield,  Pike 
county,  Illinoi^.  .Inly  111,  184-1,  a  son  of  Hiram 
A.  .Johnson,  whoso  history  appears  on  another 
page  of  this  volume;  he  was  three  years  of  ago 
when  his  parents  crossed  the  plains  to  this  State 
ill  18-17,  and  here  grew  to  maturity.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  ('(111110011  schools,  and  was  a 
fanner  on  his  own  lands  from  the  time  be  came 
of  age  until  1875.  He  then  enibarkeil  in  the 
general  mercantile  business  atScio,  Linn  county, 
Oregon,  and  had  a  successful  and  profitable 
trade  there  until  1882;  in  that  year  ho  sold  out 
and  cunio  to  Salein,  and  purchased  the  business 
established  by  E.  Myre  &  ('o.,  which  ho  has 
since  conducted  with  marked  ability.  He  carries 
a  stock  of  furnishing  goods,  hats,  caiis,  trunks 
and  valises,  all  well-selected  with  a  special  view 
to  the  demands  of  the  public.  The  jiatronage  is 
drawn  from  a  territory  whose  radius  is  twenty- 
five  miles.  In  addition  to  his  mercantile  inter- 
ests, Mr.  Johnson  has  invested  in  country  and 
city  property,  and  is  doing  a  real-estate  business 
on  his  own  account.  He  owns  a  pleasant  residence 
in  the  city  of  Saleni,  where  he  lives  with  his 
family,  in  the  enjoyment  of  many  of  the  comforts 
of  this  civilization.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  late 
civil  war,  having  enlisted  in  i8tjii,  and  served 
until  its  close.  . 


KIOH 


IIISTOUY    nh-    oHKnoS. 


11 


m 


\\v.  WHS  iiiiitcil  ill  iriHi-i'iiii^t',  in  lH(|tS,  to  MiiiH 
Miii'V  I',  .loiics.  rt  native  of  Missouri,  u  tliiiigiitor 
of  Louirt  J011U8,  wliit  (Miii^'niti'il  to  ( >rcgon  in 
ISo'i.  Of  tili^t  union  six  cliildrcn  have  linen 
iiorn;  Oscar  M.,  lio-io  K.,  I.nlii  I!.,  (tcurj^'ii', 
Clyde  and  I'linl;  UoBio  K.  is  Hie  wife  of  Willis 
McKlroy.  son  of  tlic  lion.  K.  li.  McKlroy,  btatc 
Superintenilc'iit  ol'  I'ulilic  Instrnctjon. 

Sir.  .loliiiHoii  is  a  worthy  ineinhcr  of  the  Ma- 
8oiiii',  fraternity,  liuloiiiiing  hoth  to  the  liliio 
l()i|i;('aiid  cliiiptt'i'.  llc('ii>t  his  first  |)rcaidi'iifial 
vote  for  the  world-riMiowiu'd  noldier  anil  patriot, 
(iciioral  r.  S.  (irant,  and  Inis  since  utKliatcd 
with  the  HepiiMii'aii  party.  He  is  a  nmii  of 
(jiiii't,  thoiif^htfiil  manlier,  strictly  lionoralile  in 
business,  and  a  liheral  supporter  of  those  enter- 
prises whicli  teiiil  to  advance  tiiu  intereutH  of  the 
city,  county  and  State. 


fOlIN  ISOM.  a  proiniiieiit  citizen  of  AHiany. 
was  horn  in  (Jrayfon  county,  Virginia,  011 
October  7,18:27."  His  father,  David  bom, 
was  born  in  the  saiiie  county,  his  ancestors 
having  been  pioneers  of  that  locality,  all  of 
wiioin  followed  agricultural  pursuits.  Tiio 
mother  of  our  subject,  Sarah  ((!noat)  Isom,  was 
a  native  of  North  Carolina,  bein<;  (Joscended 
from  a  family  which  was  eminent  in  Uu-  'e^al 
jirofession. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  his  iiali>e  c  iiiiity. 
where  he  lived  with  his  parents,  b'  iei:  ■;  .iployeil 
with  farm  duties,  and  at  blacksinirliing  in  his 
father's  shop,  until  ho  was  twenty  years  of  ajje. 
He  then  started  in  life  for  himself,  first  emi- 
grating to  Cole  county,  Missouri,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  farming.  In  1848  he  was  married  in 
that  State  to  ^liss  Klizabeth  M.  Smith,  a  native 
of  Grayson  county.  Virginia,  lie  eoiitinued 
farming  and  blacksmithing  until  the  spring  of 
1853,  when  he,  like  so  many  others,  determined 
to  seek  a  far  distant  land  in  the  West.  With 
two  wagons,  ten  yoke  of  o.\en.  and  some  loose 
cattle,  and  his  wife  ami  two  children,  he  started 
on  the  long  journey  across  the  plains.  His  trip 
was  without  pai'ticular  incident,  exceiit  the  loss 
of  considerable  stock  by  drinking  alkali  water. 
He  arrived  in  Oregon  on  October  7,  with  four 
and  a  half  yoke  of  oxen  ami  one  wagon.  They 
followed  the  course  pursued  by  many  othei's. 
that  is.  embarking  at  the  DalK'.s  on  the  (\)liiiii- 
bia   river,    they   proceeded  by   boat  to  Oregon 


('ity,  proceeding  on  their  journey  by  bind  to 
i.ebanon.  Here  .Mrs.  Isom  had  a  brother, 
William  M.  Smith,  who  was  a  pioneer  of  1845. 
Mr.  Isoin  located  five  miles  north  of  Hrowns- 
I  ville,  |iiircliasing  a  claim  of  'A'M  acres  for  iftiOO, 
which  included  a  small  log  cabin.  Wi'ri'  he  en- 
gaged ill  tanning,  subsetjiiently  iinrchasing  ad- 
ioiniiig  liindrt  to  the  amount  of  1,4U()  acres, 
UOO  acres  of  which  he  dinoted  to  agricultural 
|)Ur|i08e8,  and  using  the  rest  for  a  stock  range, 
having  about  li^O  head  of  cattle,  whicli  he 
owned  in  partnership  with  his  son.  He  has 
also  pureluised  other  lands  in  Linn  and  I'olk 
counties,  to  the  amount  of  ~,500  acres,  and  now 
has  ill  fiirin  lands  about  4,()()((  acres.  He  has 
been  engaged  since  18')5  in  raising  horses  in 
eastern  ( )regon.  where  he  now  has  a  herd  of  iJOO 
of  the  American  anil  Clydesdale  stock,  in  lS('i4 
he  became  interested  in  the  Willamette  Valley 
ife  Cascade  Mountain  Military  Wagon  Road, 
extending  from  Albany  to  Hoise,  Idaho.  In 
1KS7  Mr.  Isinii  moved  to  .\lbany.  where,  in  part- 
nership with  -Martin  HalUrd,  he  bought  his  pres- 
ent mill  projierty,  which  was  toriiierly  used  for  a 
warehouse.  In  187'.)  they  put  in  biihr  maeliin- 
cry  for  grinding  flour,  and  thus  established  the 
"  Ked  Crown  Flour  Mill."  In  a  few  years,  the 
advance  of  milling  machinery  made  it  impera- 
tive for  them,  in  order  to  coni])eie  with  other 
tnoderii  mills,  to  put  in  im|iriiveinents  and  the 
latest  roller- process  machinery,  which  they  ac- 
corijiiigly  dill,  at  '.be  same  time  increasing  their 
capacity  to  150  barrels  of  flour  every  twenty- 
four  hours.  At  about  that  time  E.  Gowens 
and  E.  J.  Lanning  bought  the  Ballard  interest, 
and  subseiiiiently  the  Gowens  interest  was  sold 
to  Isom  A:  Lanning,  who  now  operate  the  mill. 
This  brand  of  Hour,  the  Red  Crown,  has  so  in- 
creased in  popularity  throughout  the  Northwest, 
that  improved  machinery  is  about  being  added, 
and  the  capacity  of  the  mill  increased  to  250 
barrels.  Power  for  this  mill  is  gained  by  water 
from  the  Santiatn  canal,  and  all  wheat  is  pur- 
chased in  the  Willamette  valley. 

^Ir.  and  Mrs.  Isom  have  eleven  children, 
four  sons  and  seven  daughters,  who  have  grown 
to  maturity,  all  being  satisfactorily  settled  in 
life. 

Mr.  Isom  is  in  politics  a  Democrat,  and  has 
served  his  county  several  times  as  County  Com- 
missioner. 

He  is  interested  in  enterprises  and  various 
pursuits,  being  a  atoekholder  in  the  Albany  Ice 
Company,  stockholder  and  director  of  the  Bank 


LiBinzaujria^ 


nisToay  of  onsuox. 


10!)l) 


(if  ()rpj^i>ii,  proiiriclor  of  tli(>  AHmiiy  Sddii 
Win'ks  mill  (Jimrfi'tioiu^i'v  Mimiit'iirtory.  Iiotiidi's 
liuviii^  rxti'imivc  miiiiiii^r  interests  on  tlio  Sim- 
tiani  river,  wliicii  Imve  ii  (|uiirt/,  mill  in  oporu- 
tion.  His  jwlicy  liiw  l)een  (itie  of  progression, 
and  lie  is  nuniiicri'd  aiming  tiie  foremost  dc- 
veli'liers  of   I, inn  county. 

lA.lOU  FRANK  K.  HOI  )(i  KIN,  a  well- 
known  piililic  man  and  esteemed  citi- 
zen, is  Assistant  State  Treasnrer  of 
Oregon,  and  resiiles  in  Salem.  He  is  a  native 
of  TcenniHidi,  Michigan,  wliere  lie  was  liorn 
March  H,  184(5.  His  ancestors  v.'cre  English, 
those  on  his  mother's  side  lieing  I'liritans.  Ilia 
maternal  grandt'ather,  Dr.  William  I'acon,  for- 
merly ol'  Connecticut,  pushed  westwanl  to 
Western  New  York,  in  182(1,  and  served  the 
United  States  Government  as  postmaster.  His 
fatlier.  Rev.  Edmund  F.  Hodgkin,  was  horn  in 
England,  and  emigrated  to  tlm  I'nited  States, 
and  was  connected  with  the  work  of  the  Episco- 
pal Church  in  Michigan.  The  mother  of  our 
subject,  Mrs.  Mary  (Hacon)  Hodgkin,  was  born 
in  New  York  State. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  left  an  orphan 
at  the  age  of  nine  years,  and  was  reared  by  his 
maternal  grandparents.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  William 
Bacon,  tluMi  residentsof  Rnreaii  county,  Illinois, 
but  later  of  Niles,  Michigan.  A  fa(;t  worthy  of 
mention  in  regard  to  this  worthy  couple  is  that 
they  lived  to  celebrate  their  sixty-eighth  wed- 
ding anniversary,  an  e'-ont  so  rare  that  it  may 
be  called  uni(ine.  Onr  subject  received  the 
beneiits  of  a  cominon-school  education,  and 
commenced,  at  the  age  of  si.xteen  years,  to  Ifiani 
the  tinners'  trade,  at  which  ho  worked  in  Jlich- 
igan,  Illinois  and  Missouri,  until  1870.  He 
then  crossed  the  continent  to  San  Francisco,  and 
thence  journeyed  by  the  old  steamship  Califor- 
nia to  Portland,  whore  ho  joined  his  uncle,  G. 
V.  Ikcon,  who  was  then  proprietor  of  t/ie  Black 
Ilawk  Stables.  In  September  of  that  year,  he 
received  the  appointment  of  .night  clerk  in  tlie 
Portland  post  office,  under  Hon.  L.  II.  Wake- 
field. Here  he  remained  until  the  spring  of 
1872,  when  he  went  to  Salem,  where  he  acted 
for  a  few  months  as  local  editor  of  the  States- 
man. In  December,  of  that  year,  he  accepted 
a  position  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Portland 
Daily   Bulletin,  remaining  there  until  the  sum- 


mer of   1874.      in  January.   1^7o,    he  was  ap- 
pointed mailing  and  delivery  clerk  in  the  Salem 
post  ollice,  under  Cdlnnel  T.   I!.  Rickey,  leinain- 
iiig  in  that   position   until    the  spring  of    ls7((. 
He  then  returned  to  Portland,  where,  n|ion  the 
organization  of  the  Daily  Evening  Telegram,  he 
was  otfered  the  position  of  city  editor,  with  Ex- 
(tdvernor  (ieorgo  1,.  Curry    as   editor-iiichief. 
Here  he  roniained  one  year,  when   he  becaino 
associated  with  W.  S.  Chapmiin   in  tlu'  editorial 
manageineiit  of  the   Daily    l!ee.     This  position 
he  resigned    in   September,  1878,  to  accept  the 
office  (if  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  under  the 
Hon.  K.  P.  Earhart,  who  that  month   assumed 
his  otHcial    duties.      In    September,  1881,  Mr. 
Hodgkin  was  commissioned  Assistant  .\djiitant- 
(ieneral  on    the    staff  of   Brigadier-<ieiieral    F. 
Meyer,  with  the  rank  of  Major.     On  Mr,  Ear- 
hart's  re-election  as  Secretary  of  State,  in  1882, 
he    re-a|i|iointed    Mr.  Hodgkin   his    Assistant, 
which    position  ho  filled   until   the  election  of 
Hon.  George  W.   Mcl'ride,  in  .lanuary,  1887. 
In  the  spring  of   1887    Mr.  Hodgkin   was  ap- 
pointed special  agent  and  adjusi  'c  of  insuranco 
companies,   represented   by    Balfour,  Guthrie  & 
Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  covering  the  territory  of 
Oregon,    Washingtun   and    Idaho.      After  the 
great    fire  in    Seattle,   on    June  0,    188U,    Mr. 
Hodgkin    spent   six    weeks,  in  company  with 
forty  other  adjusters,  in  adjusting  the  city  losses. 
He  also  spent    four  weeks  at    Spokane    Falls, 
after  their  great  tire   of  August  4,  188U,  in  a 
similar    occupation.      He    continued  as  special 
agent  and  adjusior  until  December,  1890,  when 
he  resigned  to   accept  the  position  of  Assistant 
State  Treasurer,  under  Philip  .Metschan,  where, 
at  the  present  writing,  Major   Hodgkin  is  en- 
gaged. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  on  September  2, 
1874,  to  Miss  Frankie  A.  Dunbar,  a  native  of 
Marion  county,  this  State,  and  the  youngest 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  llice  Dunbar,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  the  early  '408.  Tliev  have  fourchil- 
(lr;'!i:  William  M.,  Charles  15.,  ^largaiot  A.  and 
liockey  D. 

The  JIajor  is  Past  (iraiid  of  Samaritan  Lodge, 
No.  2,  of  Portland,  I.  O.O.  F.,  and  also  i'ast  Mas- 
ter Workman  of  Protection  Lodge,  No.  2,  A.  O. 
U.  W. 

Major  Hodgkin  was  for  several  years  the  Sa- 
lem correspondent  of  the  Daily  Oregonian,  and 
aUorerved  in  the  same  capacity  for  the  Sail  Fran- 
cisco Chronicle.  As  editor  and  puliliaher  he 
produced  "  Pen  Pictures  of  Representative  Men 


'^it. 


jill 
ill 


IIUO 


irrsToiiY  OF  niiEooy. 


Il,  .! 


of  (~)ref50Ti,"  wliich  was  extensively  sold  tliroii^li- 
oiit  till)  State.  In  it  ho  ilisplayed  irreat  skill  in  tlio 
coUectiiiff  and  arnitifjinj;  of  facts,  which  were 
most  judicionsly  and  cleverly  written. 


^lUAM  A.  JOIINSOX,  one  of  Ore^ron's 
res])eeted  |)ioneer8,  wasltorn  in  St.  Lawrence 
tonnty.  Ne>v  York,  Fehrnarv  18,  181U. 
His  father,  Charlo.;  Johnson,  was  a  native  of 
Saratofi;a  county.  New  York,  and  was  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry;  the  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Kachel  Pratt,  and  she  was  horn  in  Yermont,  of 
Puritan  stock.  Hiram  A.  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  received  his  eilucation  in  tlie 
common  schools.  lie  remained  under  the  par- 
ental roof  until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  ai>e. 
In  the  sprini?  of  1S4()  he  started  out  on  a  career 
that  has  taken  him  throuifh  many  hard  experi- 
ences, but  has  also  brought  its  reward.'  lie  went 
to  Pike  county,  Illinois,  and  duly,  25,  1841,  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Klizaheth  ,f.  Whit- 
ney, a  native  of  Wayne  county,  Illinois,  her 
ancestry  beiui;  Scotch-Irisii  anil  Hnalish.  Air. 
Johnson  purchased  and  partly  iin|)roved  two 
places,  but  in  April,  1847,  "he  started  from 
Pittstiehl,  Illinois,  for  Oregon.  There  was  not 
a  bridge  or  a  ferry  on  the  whole  distance. 
There  were  twenty-three  wajrons  in  the  train, 
and  Mr.  .lohnsons'  family  eansisted  of  a  wife 
and  two  children,  to  which  was  added  another 
Boul  before  the  journey  was  completed.  They 
were  the  first  train  to  take  the  liarlow  trail. 
They  arrived  in  the  valley  Septemlier  10. 
After  their  arrival  in  Marion  county,  Air.  John- 
son took  up  a  donation  claim  oftUO  acres,  which 
had  been  taken  up  jireviously  by  a  sailor,  who 
had  built  a  log  house  and  tlien  abondonod  it; 
this  structure  was  without  windows  or  <loor, 
but  was  soon  made  liabitable,  and  furnished  a 
Bhelter  until  1849,  when  it  was  replaced  by  a 
hewn  log  house;  tiiis,  in  turn,  was  abiiudoned  for 
a  better  one  in  1855.  The  exi)eriences  of  our 
subject  are  not  dissimilar  to  those  of  many  of 
his  iirothor  |)ionoers;  i)rovision.s  were  very  high 
and  some  times  could  not  be  procured  at  any 
cost.  They  lived  on  beef  and  potatoes  the  first 
winter.  In  the  fall  of  1S48  the  news  of  the 
gold  disc  .very  reached  Oregon,  and  Mr.  John- 
son started  for  the  mines  September  \s  with 
pack  horses;  ho  dujr  tor  gold  on  the  American 
river  and  Spanish    bir,  takii.g  out  from  SoO  to 


$75  per  day,  until  the  bad  weather  began.  He 
then  returned  by  sail-vessel  in  February,  1849, 
to  his  family  with  such  luxuries  as  coffee,  sugar 
and  a  few  dishes.  Later  a  store  was  established 
at  Oregon  City,  where  supplies  could  be 
procured. 

Mr.  Johnson  followed  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  added  to  his  lands  until  in  1862  he  had 
accumulated  1,200  acres.  At  this  time  he  pur- 
chased a  general  mercantile  stock  at  Jefferson, 
and  conducted  the  business  Ave  years,  meantime 
renting  his  farm.  At  the  e.xpiration  of  this 
period  he  returned  to  his  farm,  and  in  1872  he 
sold  a  ]>ortion  of  the  land,  gave  each  of  his  sons 
a  farm,  and  removed  to  Salem.  While  a  citizen 
of  Jefferson  he  was  elected  .i assessor  of  the 
county;  he  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  several 
years,  and  soon  after  coming  to  Salem  he  was 
elected  to  this  office  which  he  tilled  acceptably 
for  twelve  years.  He  has  served  one  terrn  as 
Deputy  County  Treasurer. 

In  1882  he  built  a  r'sidence  in  Salem,  and  is 
now  retired  from  nct.v'e  pursuits.  He  has  a 
family  of  six  sons  and  a  daughter:  George  W. 
and  John  C.  are  the  subjects  of  biographical 
iu)tice8  in  this  volume;  the  other  children  are: 
William  W..  Hiram  A.,  Jr.,  Samuel  Thurston, 
Ilachel  C  ,  wl.o  married  J.  Earl,  he  died  and  she 
is  married  again  to  J.  II.  Haurts,  of  Salem;  and 
Francis  M.,  a  farmer,  living  near  Moscow,  Idaho. 
Mr.  Johnson  was  made  a  Mason  in  1862,  and 
has  been  a  Alastor  of  his  lodge  and  an  active 
Mason  for  thirty  years.  He  and  his  wife  are 
consistent  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 
He  aiul  his  gooil  v.-ife  celobratt'd  the  fiftieth  anni- 
versary of  their  wedding  day  July  25,  1891.  In 
1S76  they  maile  a  trip  to  the  Hast,  visiting  the 
scenes  of  earlier  days,  but  the  landmarks  had 
disappeared,  and  there  was  little  to  remind  them 
of  their  youth.  They  are  people  of  much  force 
of  character,  and  have  done  their  share  in  the 
development  of  the  wilderness  of  the  Pacific 
coast  to  one  of  the  greatest  commonwealths  of 
this  nation. 


tH.  JOHNSON,  County  Clerk   of  the 
county  of  Clackamas,  and  a  native  son  of 
■3  Oregon  City,  was   born   July  23,  184  t. 
He  is  the  son    of    Rev.    Ile/okiah   .Fohnson,    a 
pioneer  of  1845.  (For  fuller  particulars  see  bi- 
ography of  Hon,  W.  Casey  Johnson  i'l  this  book.) 


mm'^& 


I;  m 

w 

I 

11891  ^B 

i:    i 


jS^.     f^.     .St^Je^. 


lUSTOUY    OF    OHEdON. 


1101 


llezeskiali  II.  Johiison,  our  subject,  was 
the  youngest  child  of  the  family,  and  he  was 
raised  and  educated  in  his  native  city,  lie  en- 
gaged in  different  occiijiations  as  he  was  grow- 
ing up,  and  received  the  appointment  of  Deputy 
United  States  Surveyor.  He  served  in  this 
capacity  for  eight  years,  and  during  that  time 
was  engaged  in  Idaho  establishing  lines  for  the 
Oovernnient.  In  1N88  he  was  elected  County 
Clerk,  and  gave  sucii  satisfaction  that  he  re- 
ceived a  re-election  in  1890,  and  is  now  serving 
his  second  term  in  a  highly  satisfactory  manner. 

He  was  married,  in  1886,  to  Miss  .losephine 
Day,  of  Ohio,  and  the  daughter  of  Mr.  AI)Baloni 
Day.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson  liad  one  daugh- 
ter, Violet  Olive,  born  in  (Jregon  City.  Mrs. 
Johnson  died  in  1889,  and  her  husband  bat- 
had  the  sympathy  of  the  whole  community. 
Not  only  (lid  they  sym])athize  with  him,  but 
they  felt  that  they  ail  had  lost  a  true  and  faith- 
ful friend  in  the  death  of  Mrs.  Johnson.  ^Ir. 
Johnson  is  a  Republican  and  a  man  of  excellent 
reputation.  Me  is  proud  of  having  ticen  born 
in  Oregon  City,  and  he  is  one  of  her  sons,  of 
wliora  she  may  well  feel  proud. 


^■•^ 


tON.  HENRY  W.  CORBETT.  the  worthy 
pioneer,  the  successful  business  man,  the 
distinguished  Statesman,  the  Christian 
philanthropist  and  the  quiet,  unassuming  citi- 
zen of  Portland,  has  for  forty-one  years  been 
identified  with  the  busiiu'ss,  the  religious  and  the 

tolitical  interests,  not  only  of  Oregon,  but  of  the 
Inited  States.  He  has  been  one  of  the  promi- 
nent and  potent  factors  in  the  development  of 
the  great  Northwest.  His  birthplace  was  West- 
borough,  Massachusetts,  February  8,  1827.  The 
first  ancestor  of  his  family  of  whom  anything  is 
known,  was  Roger  Corbett,  a  military  chief,  who 
won  distinction  and  lands  under  William  I  in 
the  conquest  of  England  in  KXiC).  The  oldest 
Bon  of  Roger  was  seated  at  Wattsborough.  His 
second  son.  Sir  Robert  Corbett,  baronet,  had 
for  his  iidieritance,  the  castle  of  the  estate  of 
Cnrrs,  with  a  large  portion  of  his  father's  domain. 
His  son  and  namesake,  Robert,  went  to  the  siege 
of  Arce  witli  Richard  I.  having  for  armorial 
bearings  in  this  campaign  two  ravens,  which 
have  been  his  descendants'  crest  ever  since.  The 
Corbetts  all  along  thu  line  were  worthy  men, 
who  won  distinction  in  the  affairs  of  both 
church  and  State.     Some  of  them  were  learned 

60 


mend)ersof  professions.  TheCorl)ett8  in  Amer- 
ica are  their  lineal  ''ascendants,  the  connection 
being  made  quite  clear  by  the  family  record, 
kept  at  Mendon,  Massachusetts.  The  ancestor 
of  the  family  in  America,  Henry  Winslow  Cor- 
liett,  came  from  old  England  to  New  England 
early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The  grand- 
father of  our  subject  and  his  father  were  both 
named  Elijah  Corbett,  the  latter  marrying  Miss 
Molinda  Eorbish.  He  was  a  mnchauie  and 
established  at  Westborough,  the  first  edge-tool 
manufactory  in  that  part  of  Massachusetts.  He 
subsequently  removed  to  Washington  county, 
New  York,  where  he  continued  his  munulactory 
until  his  health  failed.  He  then  settled  in 
Cambridge  in  the  same  county,  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  his  death. 

They  had  eight  children,  of  whom  six  grew 
to  maturity,  Henry  Winslow  was  theiryoungest 
child.  His  boyhood  was  passed  in  Washington 
county,  New  York,  where  he  received  a  common 
school  education.  In  ISKt,  when  thirteen  years 
old,  he  began  his  business  career  in  a  store  at 
Cambridge,  where  he  remained  two  years  Ho 
then  took  a  regular  cour.se  in  the  Cambridge 
Academy,  and  next  secured  a  clerkship  in  a  store 
at  Salem,  the  county  seat.  At  the  end  of  a  year 
he  went  to  New  York  city  and  secured  a  clerk- 
ship in  the  dry  goods  store  of  Williams,  Brad- 
ford it  Co.,  serving  sevan  years  in  that  busi- 
ness. During  this  j)criod  he  became  firmly 
established  in  the  confidence  of  his  employers. 
In  October,  1850.  they  furnished  him  the  neces- 
sary capital  to  ship  a  general  line  of  merchan- 
dise to  Portland,  Oregon,  by  the  way  of  Capo 
Horn,  on  the  bark  Francis  and  Louise.  Ho 
arrived  at  Portland  in  March,  1851,  when  this 
town  contained  aliout  4(Kt  to  500  inhabitants 
and  five  small  stores.  Stumps  of  trees  stood 
in  Front  street,  and  back  of  First  street  stood 
the  virgin  forest.  He  secured  the  rental  of  a 
frame  building,  then  not  fully  completed,  on  the 
corner  of  Front  and  Oak  streets,  at  $125  per 
month.  He  removed  his  goods  to  the  second 
story  of  this  building  before  it  was  completed, 
his  customers  being  obliged  to  ascend  a  tlight 
of  stairs.  At  night  when  ho  was  ready  to 
retire,  he  pulled  u|)  the  stairs  after  him  and 
slept  in  the  store. 

Within  fourteen  months  he  had  disposed  of 
his  entire  stock  of  goods,  the  net  profit  amount- 
ing to  the  sum  of  i!20,0(l(>,  with  which  he  re- 
turned to  New  York  city;  but  before  leaving  ho 
formed  a  partnership   with   liobert  and  Finlay 


1102 


UISTORY    OF    OltECON. 


^McLaren,  wlio  were  to  etiiitiiiue  the  biisirii'ss  in 
Portliuid.  He  reiiiiiinud  in  New  Vorli  one  year 
and  continued  to  pliip  jfoods  to  iiis  partners  in 
I'ortland.     He  then  determined  to   nialso  i'ort- 


land  liis  'i  mi.o. 
he  (UrsoIn; 
ness  in  his  e 
general  nierca. 


Some  inonthi;;  after  his  return 
"■  'ship  and  eontiinu'(l  the  i)nsi- 


)e.  He  eontinned  to  do  a 
MsineBB  until  I'^'KI,  when  lie 
chanifed  tua  whon-ale  hardware  business,  which, 
in  ISin.  he  consolidated  with  the  stock  of  Henry 
Failing  &  Company,  which  has  since  occupied 
the  first  place  ainonj^  the  mercantile  houses  of 
the  I'acitic  Northwest. 

As  soon  as  he  had  his  financial  niiltters  on  a 
firm  basis  in  tlu^  city  of  his  adoption,  he  began 
to  take  a  prominent  part  in  the  c'^^rprises, 
which  he  saw  were  needed  to  develop  tiie  re- 
sources of  the  country.  Ho  first  turned  his 
attention  to  the  improvement  of  transportation 
facilities  on  the  rivers.  lie  was  also  among  the 
first  to  advocate  the  liuilding  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  while  in  the  Senate  labored 
zealously,  although  he  had  no  personal  interest 
to  subserve  in  so  doing.  After  the  failure  of 
Jay  Cooke  to  carry  the  undertaking  through,  he 
assisted  ii>  the  reorganizing  of  the  company, 
took  stock  in  the  company  and  became  one  of 
the  most  active  promoters,  [n  18i)5-'66  he 
secured  the  Government  to  carry  the  mail  be- 
tween San  Francisco  and  Oregon  City.  The 
line,  040  miles  in  length,  he  stocked  with  four 
liorso  stages  and  successfully  conducted  the 
business  until  his  election  to  the  I'nited  States 
Senate,  when  he  relinquished   his  contract. 

In  18(59,  with  Henry  Failing,  Mr.  Corbett 
purchased  the  controling  interest  in  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Portland,  which  had  been 
established  four  year.s  previously.  Its  business, 
however,  was  very  limited,  its  deposits  amount- 
in";  to  abont  $4(),00().  Tnder  the  new  manaife- 
ment  it  has  steadily  grown  in  magnitude  until, 
at  the  present  time,  it  is  at  the  head  of  financial 
institutions  of  the  Northwest,  with  deposits 
aggregating  over  S3,000,000,  and  capital  and 
surplus  over  §1,000,000.  It  is  the  strongest 
national  bank  in  the  Northwest.  Mr.  Henry 
Failing  has  been  president  ever  since  they  took 
control,  and  since  his  retirement  from  the  Sen 
ate  Mr.  Corbett  has  been  vice-president.  N  umer- 
ous  are  the  other  enterprises,  which  have  re- 
ceived and  are  still  receiving  his  encouragement 
ami  pecuniary  assistance.  Being  a  director  of 
the  Oregon  Railway  and  .Navigation  (Company 
he  has  always  cast  his   influence  in  behalf  of 


liberal  measures  in  its  management  and  to  secure 
the  lowest  rates  of  transportation  possible  with 
good  and  (|uick  service.  He  is  also  largely 
interested  in  the  Oregon  Fire  and  Marine  Insur- 
ance Company,  of  which  ho  is  vice-president, 
and  in  the  Oregon  Rope  Works,  the  Oregon 
Linseed  ( )il  Works  and  the  Street  Railway  Com- 
pany. He  is  president  of  the  company,  which 
lias  completed  the  erection  of  the  Portland 
Hotel,  which  is  second  in  size  only  to  the  Palace 
Hotel  in  San  Francisco.  He  was  also  largely 
instrumental  in  the  organization  of  the  Portland 
Board  of  Trade,  and  for  several  years  was  its 
president.  lie  has  also  been  prominently  con- 
nected with  the  Board  of  Immigration.  All 
the  above  have  been  potential  in  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  country. 

He  is  a  largo  owner  of  real  estate,  and  has 
built  several  large  blocks  in  the  city.  In  private 
enterprises,  which  have  had  for  their  object  the 
advancement  of  the  city  or  the  promotion  of 
the  moral  and  intellectual  good  of  his  fellow- 
citizens,  Mr.  Corbett  has  responded  readily  and 
wisely.  His  name  heads  every  subscription  list 
to  tvorthy  objects.  He  gave  $35,000  toward 
the  erection  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  made 
a  liberal  donation  toward  the  endowment  of 
the  Children's  Ilonie,  and  contributed  largely 
to  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  to 
the  Boys'  and  Girls'  Aid  Society  and  Sailors' 
Ibjine,  in  fact  to  everything  lie  gives,  and  so 
(|uietly,  that  half  of  his  benefactions  are  not 
known.  He  seeks  ojjportnnity  t(i  do  good  and 
to  help  his  fellow-men  and   his  city. 

He  was  reared  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Presby- 
terian denomination,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  a  consistent  member  of  that  church,  but 
his  sympathy  and  substantial  encouragement  go 
out  to  all  agencies,  irrespective  of  I'eligion  or 
creed,  which  tend  to  help  the  snffei'ing  and  to 
improve  mankind.  In  jiolitics  Mi'.  Corbett  was 
a  Whig  and  a  devoted  tollower  of  Henry  Clay. 
When  the  formation  of  the  Republican  party  in 
Oregon  took  place  he  became  one  of  its  leaders, 
and,  in  fact,  jiarticipated  in  its  organization,  and 
has  since  been  one  of  its  strong  adherents.  As 
Chainiian  of  the  State  Central  Committee  he  did 
Some  \aliant  service  in  seciii'ing  its  ascendency 
in  ()regon.  At  the  convention  held  in  1860  he 
and  Leander  Holmes  were  electecl  delegates  to 
the  Chicago  Convention,  which  nominated 
liincoln  for  the  ju'esidency.  They  failed  to 
reach  the  convention  in  time  and  Horace  (J reeley 
represented  Oregon   l.y   proxy   for  Mr.  Corbett 


iffsronr  of  orecon. 


\w. 


and  Mr.  Ilolines,  and  tlie  two  votes  Mr.  Greeley 
was  thus  able  to  cast  for  Mr.  Lincoln,  backed  by 
iiis  jwwcrfnl  intinence,  bad  a  most  potent  uiTect 
in  tlie  nomination  of  ^fr.  Lineoln,  and  all  the 
conse(juent  results  to  the  country. 

Durinjf  all  the  events  which  afterward  trans- 
pired in  the  country,  during  the  war  and  after  it, 
in  upluilding  its  credit,  Mr.  Corbett  made  no 
mistakes,  and  was  in  the  lead  in  the  measures, 
wliicli  were  afterward  adopted  by  the  (Tovern- 
ment  in  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  and 
the  eminently  successful  methods  which  he  sus- 
tained to  the  credit  of  the  country  and  settled 
all  the  questions,  wliicli  at  that  time  seemed  so 
ditficnlt  of  solution.  To  such  men  as  Senator 
Corbett  the  country  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude 
that  will  never  be  overestimated,  and  all  future 
generations  will  revere  the  memory  of  the  pa- 
triot pioneer,  who  planned  so  well  and  labored  so 
efficiently  in  laying  the  foundation  and  build- 
ing the  edifice  of  a  great,  rich  free  State,  which 
challenges  the  admiration  of  the  world. 


lE()Il(4E  U.  JANXEY,  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  California  and  Oregon  of  the  times  of 
the  gold  excitement,  was  born  in  Hoone 
county.  ^lissouri,  .August  9, 18;i2.  His  father, 
Nathan  Janney,  was  born  in  Loudoun  county, 
Virginia,  in  1792,  and  went  to  Kentucky  when 
lie  was  a  young  man  and  there  nuirried  Miss 
Elizab(>th  Grimes,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  They 
moved  to  Moone  county,  Missouri,  and  from 
there  to  nortliern  Illinois,  and  then  ho  entered 
the  lead  mines  of  Wisconsin.  By  occupation 
he  was  a  miner,  but  while  he  lived  in  Missouri 
lie  was  elected  Sheriff  of  his  county. 

After  his  removal  to  Wisconsin,  our  subject's 
father  entrajred  in  both  farminrr  and  nuning, 
and  in  that  State  !ie  died  in  March,  1S55,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-throe  years,  and  his  wife  passed 
away  December  31,  1886,  at  the  age  of  eighty 
years.  Our  subject  was  the  fifth  child  in  a 
family  of  eleven,  and  he  left  home  to  make  his 
own  way  when  he  was  but  nineteen  years  of 
age.  His  idea  was  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the 
California  gold  beds,  and  he  reached  that  State 
in  1851,  with  just  $1.  His  father  had  given 
him  enough  to  pay  hi-^  fare  there,  but  he  was 
forced  to  go  to  work  at  once  in  order  to  get 
money  for  his  support. 


As  long  as  lie  remained  in  that  neighborhood 
he  engaged  in  mining,  and  soon  became  quite 
an  expert.  As  a  prospector,  ho  discovered  tlie 
richest  mine  that  was  ever  discovered  in  Cali- 
fornia, called  the  West  Canon  Mine,  on  July  4, 
18.50,  and  that  mine  is  being  worked  at  the 
present  day.  Having  made  considerable  moiusy 
out  of  his  discovery,  the  news  came  that  gold 
had  been  discovered  in  Oregon,  and  he,  being 
filled  with  ambition,  stai'ted  for  the  gold  fields 
of  Oregon.  Landing  in  Oregon  in  1862,  he 
remained  in  Portland  one  year,  and  in  1863 
came  to  Haker  county,  wh(<i'e  he  has  resided  ever 
since,  and  has  been  following  the  business  of 
mining,  with  the  exception  of  a  time  when  he 
was  connected  with  a  flouring  mill  in  Baker 
City.  He  has  made  some  very  important  dis- 
coveries here.  He  it  was  who  found  the  great 
eighty  ])er  cent  copper  mine  in  Union  county, 
for  which  he  sold  his  interest  for  .?2,000.  lie 
was  one  of  a  party  who  discovered  the  Excel- 
sior mines  in  Baker  county,  which  sold  for  §2,'j,- 
000.  The  great  mine  here  is  said  to  bo  the 
largest  mine  in  the  world,  and  is  estimated 
at  830,000,000. 

Mr.  Janney  was  married  October  10,  1887, 
to  Mai-y  J.  Howard,  born  in  the  State  of 
New  \  ork,  Xovember  27,  1838.  She  was  the 
third  child  of  Ache!  C.  and  Louisa  Spencer, 
7ice  Dye,  he  a  native  of  Vermont  aiul  she 
of  New  York.  For  a  time  Mr.  Spencer  was  a 
teacher  in  New  York,  and  was  born  in  1801, 
while  his  wife  was  born  in  1811.  They  had  a 
family  of  nine  children.  Mr.  Spencer  died  at 
the  age  of  seventy-tive  years,  in  1870,  and  Mrs. 
Spencer  at  the  age  of  sixty-nine,  in  1880.  They 
had  come  of  Scotch  and  Irish  parentage.  The 
mother  of  Mr.  Janney  had  been  a  great-niece 
of  Aaron  Burr. 

The  first  marriage  of  our  subject  was  to 
Miss  E.  (t.  Howard,  and  two  children  were  the 
residt  of  that  union:  Mamey,  now  the  wife  of 
.Folin  Loveland,  and  has  one  little  four  year  old 
girl,  Maud;  and  Marion  S.  Howard,  who  now  is 
a  young  lady  of  eighteen  years.  In  his  business 
Mr.  Janney  has  been  very  successful.  Reaching 
California  as  we  have  related,  with  no  moans,  ho 
has  made  of  himself  one  of  the  moneyed  men  of 
this  section.  He  still  keeps  in  the  mining  busi- 
ness, having  still  some  very  good  ones,  which  he 
has  partial  or  full  claims  upon.  He  owns  a 
very  nice  residence  in  the  city,  besides  con- 
siderable other  property.  He  holds  a  half  in- 
terest in  the  Baker  City  Creamery  and   fJuld 


1101 


iiisronr  of  niiEGoy. 


Stonijjc  Coiiipiiny,  lias  tilled  Sdiiio  of  tiio  city 
otHci's,  and  is  now  Superintendent  of  tlic  Btreets 
of  the  city.  .Since  18(i7  lie  1ms  lieen  a  nieinlicr 
of  the  Masonic  lodge,  No.  -17. 

jNDKKW  JACJKSON  IIKSS,  a  iiativt,  son 
of  Oregon,  was  born  December  20,  ISili, 
on  his  father's  donation  claim,  near  the 
town  of  Newberg.  His  father,  .losepli  lless, 
was  born  in  Arkansas,  in  the  year  iSlii,  and 
was  of  German  ancestry,  lie  married  Miss 
Mary  I...  Riser,  a  native  of  Arkansas,  born  in 
ISl-i,  and  in  that  State  they  were  married. 

In  1843  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ilesa  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon  with  the  first  wagon  train  of 
eniiijrants.  He  brouirjit  with  him  his  wife  and 
five  children,  two  boys  and  three  girls.  They 
made  their  owti  roads,  and  as  ihis  was  the  first 
wagon  train  that  came  all  the  way  throngli,  they 
overcame  many  obstacles,  and  drove  throngli 
many  places  where  one  would  have  tliought  no 
wagon  coald  have  been  taken.  "With  ropes  the 
men  held  the  wagons  firm,  and  set  their  inge- 
nuity to  work  to  devise  ways  to  get  through. 

When  they  arrived  at  the  Dalles,  they  were 
short  of  provisions,  and  Mr.  Hess  came  on  to 
Oregon  City,  and  got  siijiplies,  and  went  back 
and  helped  the  party  into  the  valley.  The 
Risers  struck  out  in  the  country  to  look  for  a 
location,  and  they  decided  on  Chehalem  valley, 
and  here  they  settled  among  the  Indians.  Sid- 
ney Smith,  Gt'orge  Nelson  and  Mr.  Hess,  all 
settled  there,  and  they  had  their  choice  of  the 
whole  valley.  When  gold  was  discovered  in 
{'alifoi'nia  he  went  there  and  remained  a  sum- 
mer, and  when  lie  returned  to  his  family,  he 
was  able  to  bring  with  him  some  gold.  He 
was  always  an  industrious  and  enterprising  man, 
and  was  as  brave  as  he  was  industrious.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  successful  raising  of  stock, 
and  ill  18l)l  he  went  to  the  Idaho  mines.  That 
was  a  hard  winter  for  stockmen,  and  they  lost 
500  head  of  cattle,  and  300  head  of  horses. 
They  had  not  l)eeii  in  the  habit  of  feeding  the 
stock  in  the  winter,  and  the  deep  snow  came, 
and  large  nnnibers  of  the  animals  died  all  over 
the  valley. 

Ill  1870  he  went  to  (.'alifornia,  and  remained 
there  some  time,  but  later  went  to  Jackson 
county,  Oregon,  where  he  was  either  killed  liy 
accident  or  murdered,  it  was  said  that  he  was 
chopping   on    a   tree  with    another    man    and 


was  hit  with  the  other  man's  ax.  His  widow 
survives  and  resides  on  the  old  donation  claim 
with  three  of  her  sons.  They  had  a  family  of 
thirteen  children,  si.\  daughters  and  seven  sons, 
all  of  whom  are  still  alive  and  well.  One  re- 
sides in  Idaho,  another  in  California,  and  the 
p.'St  in  Oregon. 

Mr.  Hess,  who  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  the  seventh  child,  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and 
attended  the  district  school  in  the  winter.  At 
the  age  of  twenty  years,  December  13,  18()t5, 
he  married  Miss  liebecca,  ^latilda  Heater,  born 
ill  Iowa,  April  23,  1848,  and  was  the  daughter 
of  Lorenzo  Dow  Heater,  a  pioneer  of  1854, 
and  a  resident  of  Marion  county.  Mr.  Hess' 
father  gave  him  100  acres  of  land  on  which  he 
resided,  and  where  he  has  since  resided,  two  and 
one-half  miles  northeast  of  Sherwood,  in 
Washington  county.  Mr.  Hess  improved  his 
land,  did  general  farming,  and  by  close  at- 
tention to  business  ho  added  to  the  farm  200 
acres  more.  He  is  now  making  money  raising 
onions  on  his  Heaver  Dam  land.  lie  and  his 
wife  have  had  ten  children,  as  follows:  James 
Walter,  Thomas  Marion,  Joshua  E,  Mary,  Eliza- 
b"th:  Emma  S..  deceased,  in  her  second  year,  of 
diphtheria;  Hiram  Jackson,  Nolly,  Frelerick, 
Laura  and  Alice. 

Mr.  Hess  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  but  he 
declines  to  be  a  candidate  for  office,  preferring 
the  quiet  of  his  own  affairs.  He  has  been  pre- 
vailed upon,  however,  to  serve  his  fellow-citi- 
zens as  Road  SujiervLsor  and  School  Director. 
In  addition  to  his  home  farm  he  has  100  acres 
of  land  on  the  head-watera  of  Salmon  river,  in 
east  Oregon.  He  is  a  reliable  and  respected 
citizen  of  the  county  in  which  ho  was  born  and 
has  always  resided. 


^-^3-^^ 

fEOUGE  H.  IIIMES,  a  highly  esteemed 
1  Oregon  pioneer  of  1853.  and  a  prominent 
Jjjf.  business  man  of  Portland,  was  born  in 
Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania,  May  18,  1844. 
His  ancestors  on  both  sides  were  numbered 
among  the  pilgrim  fathers,  and  their  descend- 
ants have  been  foremost  in  emigration,  down  to 
the  emigration  of  Tyriis  Ilimes  and  family  to 
the  Pacific  coast  in  1853.  Tyrus  Himes,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born 
in  Troy,  I'radford  loiinty,  Pennsylvania,  April 
14,  1818.     At  this   time  Troy  was  little  more 


nisToitr  Of''  oitiHGON. 


lioft 


200 


tlian  !i  frontier  settluineiit.  and  lis  tlie  sclmol 
system  had  not  liceii  iiitniiliiced,  his  ediiuiitiori 
was  received  at  lionie,  and  was  somewhat  lim- 
itod;  his  retentive  memory  and  keen  observa- 
tion, however,  enabled  him  to  become  well- 
informed,  and  natnrally  an  ardent  stndent,  ho 
became  in  later  years  an  extensive  reader.  At 
the  aifo  of  fifteen  years  he  was  apprenticed  to 
learn  the  shoemakers'  trade,  and  later  became  a 
proficient  harness-maker,  tanner  and  currier. 

On  May  1,  184ii,  he  married  Emeline  llol- 
comb,  of  Le  Uoy,  Bradford  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  she  was  born  December  '2S,  1821. 
The  Ilolcomb  family  was  distinguished  among 
the  pilgrim  settlers  of  Xew  Enirland,  where 
they  landed  in  10i55.  Air.  and  Mrs.  11  imes  re- 
sided in  Le  Roy  until  1847,  when  they  removed 
La  Fayette,  Stark  county,  Illinois,  where  Air. 
Ilimes  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business, 
in  which  lit  continued  until  1H53.  A.t  that 
time,  owing  to  impaired  health  aiul  desiring  a 
change  of  climate,  he  and  his  wife  and  four 
children  started,  with  horse  and  ox  teams,  for 
Monmouth,  Polk  county,  Oregon,  whither  friends 
from  Monmouth,  Illinois,  had  gone  the  previous 
year.  Hardships,  loss  of  stock  and  scarcity  of 
provisions,  howevei',  compelled  Mr.  Ilimes  and 
family  to  accept  the  kind  otBcesof  James  Uiles, 
the  leader  of  a  train  from  Kentncky,  with  whom 
ac(piaintance  was  made  on  tlie  plains.  Puget 
sound  was  the  destination  of  Air.  Uiles.  The 
combined  trains  numbered  thirty-six  wagons  and 
seventy- five  people,  and  in  crossing  the  Xatchez 
Pass,  over  an  undeveloped  trail,  their  progress 
was  slow  and  extremely  difficult.  However,  all 
things  have  an  end,  and  after  seven  months'  of 
toilsome  travel,  amidst  great  danger  from  the 
Indians,  the  train  arriveil  at  Olympia,  Washing- 
ton. Air.  Ilimes  and  family  went  to  the  house 
of  David  Chambers,  near  Olympia,  where  Mr. 
Ilimes'  first  occupation  was  digging  potatoes  on 
shares.  On  November  '.),  18o;J,  Mr.  Ilimes  and 
family  settled  on  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres, 
located  five  miles  east  of  Olympia.  Here  they 
remained  until  September,  1855,  when  they 
were  driven,  off  by  Indians.  They  then  went 
into  a  stockade  fort,  where  they  remained  until 
Ai)ril,  1857,  when  tliey  returned  to  their  farm, 
where  they  continued  to  reside  until  Mr.  Ilimes' 
death,  April  24,  1871).  He  had  been  a  nnin  of 
iron  constitution  and  a  powerful  will  and  deter- 
mination, and  in  early  manhood  wai  unusually 
roliust  and  athletic,  and  endowed  with  great  en- 
durance; but,  owing  to  an  unfortunate  accident 


at  the  age  of  eighteen,  which  was  followed  by 
a  serious  illness,  his  constitution  was  shattered 
and  he  never  recovered  his  formi^r  hralth;  but 
with  his  uncon([nerable  determination  he  was 
able  to  accom[)lish  the  duties  which  fell  to  his 
lot  until  he  was  summoned  to  his  reward. 

(ieorge  II.  Ilimes,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  employed  lintil  ])ast  seventeen  years  of  age, 
in  rail  makiiiir,  wood  cuttinif  and  the  various 
labors  reijuired  in  clearing  up  land,  teaming, 
ditching,  etc.  He  had  few  school  privileges, 
attending  school  only  through  the  short  winter 
session,  where  only  the  primary  studies  were 
taught.  To  secure  even  the:  •  educational  ad- 
vantages he  was  obliged  towaii;  two  and  a  half 
miles  morning  and  evening  to  a  little  log  school- 
house.  However,  given  a  naturally  active 
intellect,  with  a  strong  determination,  and  there 
are  few  things  ic  cannot  accomplish.  To  his 
little  store  of  learning,  secured  at  school,  he  in- 
dustriously added  by  study  and  observation, 
until  he  had  accumulated  a  commendable 
amount  of  useful  information.  The  printing 
business  had  always  been  of  great  interest  to 
him  since  his  twelfth  year,  conseijuently  the 
day  was  a  joyful  one,  when,  on  June  10,  1801, 
he  was  permitted  to  enter  the  office  of  the 
Standard,  a  newspaper  published  in  Olympia, 
Washington,  where  he  went  to  learn  the  trade 
of  ])rinting.  On  finisliing  his  apprenticeship, 
in  1864,  he  went  to  Portland,  where  ho  was  em- 
ployed as  a  compositor  on  the  Oregonian,  where 
he  remained  until  June,  1805,  when  he  began  a 
second  apprenticeship  at  job  printing,  in  the 
office  of  William  D.  Carter.  Here  he  remained 
as  an  apprentice  for  one  year,  after  which  he 
continued  there  as  a  journeyman  until  1808. 
He  then  purchased  an  interest  in  the  business, 
and  in  1870,  bo.ught  the  entire  enter|)rise,  con- 
tinuing alone,  under  the  name  of  "  Ilimes,  the 
Printer."  He  now  publishes  the  Oregon  Clnirch- 
mau,  Fruits  and  Flowers  of  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington, and  does  general  job  printing.  He  has 
been  eminently  successful  in  his  business,  which 
he  owes  ei'^irely  to  his  own  persistent  industry 
and  econc  ay. 

He  wa-1  married  in  Salem  on  December  24, 
ISOli,  to  Aliss  Anna  F.  Uiggs,  an  intelligent  and 
amiable  latly,  and  a  daughter  of  Daniel  L. 
Iliggs,  an  esteemed  Oregon  pioneer  of  1858, 
whose  ancestors  settled  in  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
in  1050.  To  this  marriage  have  been  born  eleven 
children,  eight  of  whom  now  survive.  Those 
now  living  are:   Edna  Emeline,  Sarah   Myi'tle, 


1106 


nrsTonr  of  oiiegon. 


•I! 


Mary,  (irawt  Helen,  Clivrsige  Ilolcoinb,  Mildred 
Florence,  Fay  C'ele.-itial  and  Lnrali  Marrfarct. 

I'olitically,  Air.  Iliinus  is  a  Uepnbliean,  and 
as  a  newspaper  correspondent,  has  been  very 
aetive  in  public  ait'airs. 

Socially,  lie  is  ciinnect(^d  with  several  associa- 
tions, liaving  acted  for  many  years  as  secrcttary 
of  the  Oreifdi)  Pioneer  Association,  of  the  Ore- 
gon Iliunane  Society,  the  V.  ^I.  O.  A.,  and 
other  j)hilanthropic  associations;  snd  is  Treas- 
urer of  the  Indian  War  Veterans  of  the  North 
Pacific  coast. 

The  j)opnlarity  and  success  which  Mr.  Iliines 
enjoys  is  rightly  deserved,  having  accumulated 
a  competence  through  his  own  endeavors  and 
secured  the  good-will  of  his  t'ellow-men.  by  his 
uniform  courtesy  and  probity  of  character. 


tEWIS  KELSO,  one  of  the  old  and  reliable 
mercliaiits,  of  In<lependence,  is  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Iowa,  born  April  15,  13;50. 
lie  is  of  Scotch  ancestry,  his  grandfather,  Henry 
Kelso,  haviuf^t  eniigi'ated  from  Scotland  to  this 
country,  settling  in  Kentucky,  where  lie  married 
a  French  lady,  reared  his  family,  and  died  in 
his  eightieth  year.  Robert  Kelso,  the  second 
child  of  this  family,  was  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, and  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1801.  He 
was  reared  in  Kentucky,  and  married  there  a 
Miss  .lane  Mushe,  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  in 
1807.  After  his  marriage  he  removed  to  Illi- 
nois, making  the  journey  on  horseback,  with  his 
wife  behind  him  on  the  same  horse.  They  were 
pioneers  in  Illinois,  where  they  remained  for 
ten  years,  and  tlien  removed  to  Iowa,  where 
they  engaged  in  farming  for  a  nund)er  of  years. 
In  1851  .^lr.  Kelso  went  to  California,  and  mined 
in  the  mines  of  Idaho,  meeting  with  good  suc- 
cess. In  1804  he  returned  to  Iowa,  and  while 
crossing  the  plains  to  reach  that  State,  he  passed 
his  son,  who  was  making  his  way  to  the  golden 
West.  Neither  knew  of  the  clos('  pro.xiniity  of 
the  other.  The  father  remained  in  Iowa  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1867.  He  had 
lost  his  wife  in  1850,  and  they  left  a  family  of 
eight  children. 

Our  subject  was  the  fourth  child  of  this  mar- 
riage. In  1863  he  went  to  Montana,  but  re- 
turned in  the  fall,  and  the  following  year  came 
to  Idaho,  making  the  journey  with  ox  teams. 
That  year  the  Indians  were  very  hostile,  hut  he 


escaped  danger  ami  made  a  very  pleasant  journey. 
Mr.  Kolso  teamed  in  Idaho  two  years,  and  then 
purchased  1)20  acres  of  land  near  I'oise  City,  on 
which  he  resided  for  three  years.  He  then  sold 
it  and  purchased  160  acres  at  Middleton,  and 
resided  on  that  for  three  years,  also  selling  it, 
in  1871.  He  then  canu'  to  Oregon,  and  settled 
at  Cornelius,  in  Washington  county,  where  he 
opened  a  store  ami  engaged  in  merchandising 
for  seven  years.  He  then  sold  out  and  came  to 
Independence  November  1,  187!K  Hero  he 
opened  a  general  merchandise  store,  in  North 
Independence,  and  continued  in  business  for 
three  years,  and  then  came  to  South  Independence 
and  opened  a  store  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  C 
streets,  where  he  lias  continued  in  business  ever 
since,  ilis  business  was  small  at  first,  but  as 
he  became  known  to  the  people  his  trade  in- 
creased and  now  he  esijoys  a  thriving  business, 
and  carries  a  fine  stock  of  goods.  He  has  gained 
the  confidence  of  the  people  with  whom  he  does 
business,  and  once  he  gains  a  customer  he  never 
loses  him.  ^Ir.  Kelso  has  invested  his  money 
in  city  j)roperty,  and  has  built  a  fine  residence, 
where  he  and  his  family  reside. 

Jlr.  Kelso  was  married,  in  1852,  to  Miss 
Monah  Slooper,  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  in  1835. 
She  was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Uavid  Slooper, 
who  emigrated  to  Iowa  with  his  family.  Here 
Mrs.  Kelso  resided  until  her  marriage.  Mr. 
aiul  Mrs.  Kelso  have  had  two  children:  Dora 
Evaline,  now  Mrs.  Jesse  Wilks,  I'esides  in  Fall 
City;  and  Henry  H.  resides  in  Independence. 
Ml'.  Kelso  has  been  a  Democrat  all  his  life,  but 
is  not  a  politician  in  the  sense  of  holding  office. 
He  has,  however,  instructed  himself  in  all  the 
dntias  of  all  the  county  and  State,  both  political 
and  educational,  and  served  as  Clerk  of  the 
School  Hoard  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a 
meinlur  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F..  in  both  of  its 
branches,  and  is  well  spoken  of  in  his  city  as  a 
thorough  business  man  and  a  reliable  citizen. 

(BENEZER  C.  KEVT,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
(d'  1851,  and  one  of  Polk  county's  most 
successful  farmers,  was  born  in  New  York 
November  10,  1827,  son  of  Gideon  Keyt,  a  na- 
tive of  New  Jersey.  Their  ancestors  originated 
in  England.  Three  brothers  of  that  name  came 
to  America  together.  One  was  killed  by  the 
Indians,  on    settled  in  Virginia  and  one  in  New 


IIISTOIiy    OF    OHKnoS. 


1107 


Jer.'iey.  From  tlic  lust  named  Mr.  lu'yt  is  do- 
Ri-ended.  His  yniiidfiitiuT  I'oiight  under  W'usli- 
iiic/ton  in  tlic  llevolutionary  war,  and  tiie  family 
liad  to  hide  in  the  mountains  from  the  red<'iiat8. 
Ml'.  Keyt's  father  married  Margaret  Connei.  a 
native  of  iiia  own  State,  siie,  too,  being  descended 
from  Enirlisli  ancestors,  who  were  early  settlers 
of  America.  The  property  owned  by  tiie  Keyts 
and  Connets  remained  in  their  respective  I'ain- 
ilies  for  many  years.  Gideon  and  Margaret  Keyt 
liad  six  children,  tliree  of  whom  are  living. 
Ebenezor  being  the  youngest  child.  When  he 
was  six  month.s  olil  they  moved  to  Ohio,  and 
settled  near  where  (Jleveland  lias  since  been 
i)uilt,  and  there  he  was  reared,  working  hard  on 
the  farm  in  summer  and  spending  about  thrw 
montlis  during  the  winter  in  the  little  log  school- 
house.  Ilis  father  led  an  active  and  useful  lil'e, 
and  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-nine 
years,  his  mother  having  passed  away  some  fif- 
teen year.s  before. 

Mr.  Keyt  crossed  the  plains  to  California  in 
1850,  and  mined  for  a  time  on  the  American 
rive""  near  (Johjma.  The  following  April,  hav- 
ing made  just  enough  money  to  bring  him  to 
Oregon,  he  (jams  here  and  settled  on  a  donation 
claim  of  KiO  acres  of  land  in  Polk  county,  lie 
built  a  little  houst*  on  it,  10  x  20  feet,  and  after 
living  there  two  years  sold  out.  lie  continued 
in  Folk  county,  working  for  wages,  splitting 
rails,  making  shingles,  etc.  In  l!S72  he  pur- 
chased the  320  acres  of  land  where  he  now  re- 
sides, and  moved  his  iiouse  to  it.  Hy  honest 
industry  and  good  management  he  prospered 
from  the  first,  and  as  the  years  rolled  by  added 
to  his  possessions,  being  now  regarded  as  the 
wealthiest  man  in  this  section  of  the  country, 
lie  owns  3,000  acres  of  land,  on  which  he  raises 
immense  quantities  of  grain  and  has  large  herds 
of  stock,  esjiecially  sheej).  Mr.  Keyt  is  the 
largest  taxpayer  in  I'olk  county.  In  all  the 
interests  of  his  county  he  has  taken  an  active 
part.  He  aided  in  the  organization  of  the 
Grange,  and  was  for  some  time  its  Overseer. 
Previous  to  th*^  civil  war  he  was  a  Democrat, 
but  since  the  organization  of  the  Republican 
|)arty  he  has  been  afliliate<l  with  it.  lie  has  in- 
terested himself  in  educational  affairs  and  in  the 
making  of  good  roads  in  this  vicinity. 

Mr.  Keyt  is  a  man  of  family,  lie  was  mar- 
ried, in  1853,  tg  Miss  Susan  Kemp,  a  native  of 
Missouri,  who  died  in  1856,  leaving  one  child, 
Sarah  Margaret,  who  is  now  the  wife  of  (leorge 
Myers,  and  lives  in  Polk  county.     Five  years 


after  the  dciith  iif  his  first  wife  Air.  Kcvt  mar- 
ried Mi>s  AmiiiKla  I'oty,  u  native  of  Illinois. 
I''ollowinir  are  the  names  of  their  children: 
I  rancis.  at  home;  I).  L  ,  mai'ricd  ami  engaged 
in  business  at  Perrydale;  Nellie,  wife  of  William 
Townsend,  lives  near  her  parents;  Henry  (t.,  at 
home;  Edwin,  residing  in  this  vicinity;  and  Lena 
and  William,  at  home. 


#.-J.^« 


AMES  MADISON  KEENE.  one  of  the 
most  prominent  of  the  native  sons  of 
Marion  county,  and  one  of  Salem's  ntost 
able  professional  men,  was  born  on  French 
prairie,  October  20.  18(i4:.  His  father.  David 
M.  Keeiie,  deceased,  was  a  wi<lely  known  and 
eminently  respected  pioneer  of  the  State,  a  iiLiin 
of  sterling  principles  and  religious  habits,  and 
possessing  the  strength  of  his  moral  convictions 
to  an  unusual  degree.  He  was  a  native  of 
liOudon  comity,  Tennessee,  where  he  was  born 
•lanuary  15,  182.").  He  was  ediicati^l  in  the 
Ciiinberland  Presbyterian  Seminary,  in  his 
native  State,  which  faith  he  accepted.  He 
studied  the  jirofession  of  a  civil  engineer,  in 
which  he  became  proficient.  It  was  after  com- 
pleting his  course  in  this  school  that  he,  in 
Company  with  his  brother,  A.  C.  Keene,  crossed, 
in  1847,  the  plains  to  Fort  Walla  Walla,  ex- 
periencing the  usual  dangers  and  vicissitudes  of 
that  long  and  tedious,  and  sometimes  even 
hazardous,  journey.  At  Fort  Walla  Walla  he 
passed  the  night  with  Dr.  Whitman,  of  historic 
fame,  and  he  there  met  I.  N.  (lilbcrt,  another 
early  pioneer  of  Oregon,  who,  in  company  with 
Mr.  Keene,  mounted  Oayuse  ponies  and  crossed 
with  him  the  Cascade  mountains  to  the  Wil- 
lamette valley,  where  they  arrived  in  Novem- 
ber, 1847.  Mr.  Gilbert  owned  a  farm  on  Salem 
prairie,  and  there  Mr.  Keene  passed  the  winter 
splitting  rails,  subsequently  teaching  school  at 
Mill  Creek  bottom,  whore,  in  1849,  he  took  u|) 
a  Government  claim.  This  he  worked  until 
1852,  when  he  sold  it,  and  removed  to  FVench 
j)i'airie,  where  lie  purchased  a  claim  of  320 
acres,  enterijig  it  under  the  donation  act.  To 
this  purchase  he  .added,  in  later  years,  eighty 
acres.  He  was  married  on  Salem  prairie,  July 
17,  1853,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  II.  Campbell,  a 
native  of  Missouri,  and  a  daughter  of  James 
Campbell,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1840.  After 
this   Mr.   Keene   pursued    a  ([uiet  agricultural 


:'Tiitl 


1108 


iTisTonr  OF  oitKaoN 


life,  uneventful  aw  to  startlinif  incidents,  but 
destined,  like  all  such  lives,  to  be  ii  jKiwer  in 
the  eoniniunity;  and,  like  most  uneventful 
lives,  it  was  a  truly  liuj)py  one.  He  was  an 
earnest  missionary  and  minister  of  the  ('um- 
lierland  Pn^shyterian  faitii.  and  was  the  first  to 
oritanizo  a  cliurcli  oi'  that  denomination  in  that 
State,  continuing  lo  work  in  its  interest  with 
unabnted  activity  until  his  death.  lie  was  in 
j)olitic8  a  Uepublican,  and  dui'inj^  the  war  was 
a  stronj^  I'nion  num,  but  never  aspired  to  office, 
and  declined  every  suggested  noniiiuition.  Ho 
was,  however,  active  at  conventions,  sec^king  to 
iiomiinite  lionoraiile  men.  lie  was  quiet  and 
reserved  in  his  habits,  friendly  with  all  cl:  sses 
and  ail  sects  alike,  no  matter  of  what  political 
t)pinions,  and  his  deatii  was  mourned,  far  ami 
wide,  by  many  ac(jiu\intance8  and  friends,  llis 
wife  died  in  Murcii,  18Sil.  and  he  survived  her 
nntil  March  27,  1S8U,  leaving  a  bereaved  family 
of  six  children:  Margaret  A.,  now  Mrs.  (ieorge 
W.  I'ewtherer,  of  Polk  county;  .leiinie  ^1. ; 
Martha  IJ.;  Elmer  L.,  a  graduate  of  the  State 
University  of  Ohio,  and  a  prominent  civil 
engineer  of  Columbus,  that  State;  .lames  M. 
and  Clarence  W.,  now  at  the  Oregon  State 
University,  at  Eugene. 

Our  subject,  James  Madison  Keene,  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Tualitin  Academy,  at  Forest  (Trove, 
Oregon,  and  began,  in  the  fall  of  1885,  the 
study  of  dentistry  with  Dr.  0.  K.  Templeton, 
of  I'ortlaud.  In  September,  1^80,  he  went  to 
the  Dental  College  at  Piiiladel|ihia,  Pennsylva- 
nia, where  ho  graduated  witli  honor  in  the 
spring  of  1888.  During  the  lirst  year  he  was 
president  of  the  junior  class,  and  the  second 
year  was  president  of  the  Garrethonian  Literary 
Society,  positions  of  distinction  and  honor. 
The  summer  of  1888  was  passed  in  a  drug, 
store  at  (iervais,  while  deciding  upon  a  place  of 
settlement.  Finally,  selecting  Salem  as  a  de- 
sirable location,  he  opened  offices  on  the  corner 
of  Court  and  Commei'cial  streets,  in  October  of 
the  same  year,  whei'e,  by  his  satisfactory  work- 
manship and  gentlemanly  treatment,  he  has 
btiilt  n])  an  extensive  patronage. 

During  his  vacation  in  the  summer  of  1887, 
he  and  his  friend,  W.  (J.  Steel,  of  Portland, 
and  several  other  fearless  climbers,  coni^eived 
the  idea  of  illuminating  Mount  Ilood,  the 
highest  peak  of  the  JJocky  mountains  in  Ore- 
gon. This  they  successfully  accomplished  on 
the  evening  of  duly  4,  by  burning  U|)on  its 
summit  about  100  pounds  of  red  lire;  and  again 


successfully  performed  the  same  fout  a  year 
later,  on  July  4,  1888,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Oregon  Alpine  Club,  but  directed  by  Messrs. 
Keeno  ami  Steel,  both  of  whom  are  charter 
members  of  the  (dub. 

The  Do(rtor  finds  rela.vfttion  from  the  confine- 
ment of  professional  work,  in  the  management 
of  the  homestead  farm  of  400  acres,  which  is 
owned,  withoutdivision,  by  himself  anil  brother, 
Clarence,  they  hiving  purchased  the  interests  of 
the  other  heirs. 

Of  nnusmil  medical  acumen  and  practical 
ability,  trained  in  thi^  best  institutions  by  the 
finest  masters,  ho  has  easily  attained  success  in 
his  calling,  al'.  of  which  he  has  supplemented 
by  what  is  to  i  often  lacking  in  those  of  great 
intelligence  and  ability,  i.  e.,  cordiality  of  man- 
ner and  i)oliteness  of  beariuji,  to  which  latter 
qualities,  possessed  in  an  extraordinary  degree 
by  our  subject,  may  be  attributed  much  of  his 
success. — more,  perhaps,  than  is  due  to  his  con- 
ceded natural  ability  and  superior  training. 

iNDPiEW  JACK,  a  well-known  farmer  and 
merchant  of  Washington  county,  Oregon, 
dates  his  birth  in  Highland  county,  \'ir- 
ginia,  June  22,  1845.  His  fatlu^r,  now  residing 
near  him,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1819,  and  is 
of  old  Virginia  ancestry,  and  his  mother,  nee 
Ilattie  Nichols,  also  a  native  of  Virginia,  was 
born  in  1820,  a  descendant  of  early  settlers  of 
that  State.  They  had  four  children,  as  follows: 
Andrew,  Joseph,  Calvin  and  liebecca.  The 
daughter  is  now  Mrs.  J.  D.  Howell,  and  resides 
in  Washington  county.  The  Jack  family  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon  with  oxen,  made  the 
journey  safely  in  exactly  five  months,  spent  the 
first  winter  at  Portland  and  then  came  to  Wash- 
ington county,  and  purchased  lands  near  where 
they  now  reside.  This  worthy  couple  have  been 
ju'ospered,  and  own  the  ])lea6ant  home  in  which 
they  are  spending  the  evening  of  a  ripe,  old  ago. 
Their  son,  Andrew,  the  oldest  child,  was  eight 
years  old  when  they  left  Virginia.  They  spent 
five  years  in  Iowa  and  five  years  in  Nebraska, 
and  then  came  to  Oregon.  In  the  above  named 
States  ho  spent  his  youthful  days  on  the  farm 
and  attended  the  public  schools.  November  7, 
1870,  he  married  Miss  Martha  Jane  Stewart, 
daughter  of  Charles  Stewart,  of  Hillsborough, 
an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1845.     After  their  mar- 


tiisroHY  (.'!■    niKaoN. 


IIUU 


ii!*ka, 


riiigo  they  livml  u  yeai'  in  Portland  mid  tlion 
came  to  tlu'ir  present  locution,  wIutu  lie  piir- 
clmBCil  forty  niiren  (  f  liiml.  ( )ii  thin  lie  laliorcil 
iiidiistrioiirtly,  ami  as  |)ros|)erity  attcTidcd  IiIk 
earnest  etroi'ts.  lie  piirchuBeil  otlicr  adjoitiinj^ 
landrt.  Ill  188(5  \\v  started  a  (jeiicra!  iiiercdian- 
dise  store,  and  has  since  coiidiu'teil  both  the 
farm  and  store. 

Nfr.  and  Mrs.  .lack  have  had  six  children, 
as  follows:  Calvin,  now  his  father's  assistant  in 
the  store;  William  W.,  llattie  .1.,  Annie  U., 
Levi,  and  one  who  is  deceased. 

lie  and  his  wife  are  inenihers  of  the  Chris- 
tian Chiircli  at  Fartninijton,  he  lieing  a  Deacon 
and  an  active  el  iirch  worker.  A  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  Farm'iigton  Graiiire,  he  served  as  its 
Chaplain  and  Steward,  lie  has  served  as  a 
Bchool  oftieer  for  many  years,  and  as  such  has 
done  nincli  to  advance  edncatioiial  interests  in 
Ins  community.  Politically,  he  is  a  ive|iiiblican. 


^^^^ 


=f 


fAMES  WESTLEY  JONES,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1850,  and  now  a  jiromiiKMit  farm- 
er residing  near  McMiniiville,  was  born 
in  Illinois,  April  29,  182'.t.  His  father,  Edward 
Jones,  was  a  native  of  the  State  of  Tennessee 
and  of  Scotch  ancestry,  who  came  to  America 
previous  to  the  devolution.  Edward  Jones 
married  Miss  Mary  Lightle,  a  native  of  his  own 
State,  and  they  had  five  children,  of  whom  three 
are  now  living.  In  18411  tlie  family  removed 
to  Missouri,  where  our  sutiject  war.  l.o.  ght  up 
to  manhooil.  His  father  died  ac.'  '"  mother 
survived  several  years.  They  were  upright 
Christian  people,  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
denomination. 

Their  sons,  James  W.,  the  youngest,  and  Al- 
ston, when  grown  up,  fitted  out  a  wagon  with 
five  yoke  of  oxen,  crossed  the  plains  to  Califor- 
nia, their  Journey  being  a  safe  and  prosperous 
one.  After  arriving  at  Sacramento,  they  went 
to  the  mines  near  Coloma,  but  in  their  opera- 
tions there  did  not  meet  with  flattering  success. 
For  want  of  proper  diet  and  on  account  of 
otlier  exposures,  his  brother  was  taken  sick  with 
scurvy,  and  t\wj  decided  to  come  to  Oregon, 
where  they  could  get  some  fresh  vegetables.  Ar- 
riving at  Oregon  City,  the  brother  finally  re- 
covered, under  the  care  of  a  physciau,  Dr. 
Barkley.  The  brothers  then  went  to  Linn 
county,  and  near  Scio  J.  W.  "took  up"  a  half- 


section  of  land,  built  a  little  cabin  upon  it, 
••bached''  there  five  years,  proved  up  on  it,  and 
then  returned  to  California  and  niiidea  run  over 
that  State  to  see  the  country. 

In  l8oij  he  retiirnd  iind  was  married  to  Miss 
Elizi>  Catharine  Phillips,  a  native  of  the  State 
of  Xorth  Carolina.  Her  parents,  David  mid 
Sarah  Phillips,  came  to  Oregon  in  l85i{. 

After  he  had  resided  on  his  farm  for  several 
years  he  fold  it,  came  to  Polk  county  and  pur- 
chased 200  acres  of  land  near  Dixie,  where  he 
mad"  iinpr()\eineiits  and  resided  live  years;  then 
he  sold  out  and  in  1871)  |)iircliased  1()5  acres  of 
land  near  McMinnville.  on  which  he  has  since 
resided.  In  188!t  he  built  on  it  a  very  nice 
farm  residence.  He  has  made  of  the  ])roperty 
one  (if  the  nicest  farms  in  the  county.  He  has 
been  a  very  industrious  and  paini'taking  farmer, 
and  has  been  amply  repaid  in  large  yields  of 
grain,  raising  5,000  to  0,000  bushels  annually. 

lie  liasliad  seven  children,  namely:  David  Ed- 
ward, the  eldest,  is  settled  in  Linn  county,  a 
farmer;  Sarah  Ann  has  become  Mrs.  William 
Newman,  her  hnsband  is  a  farmer  near  La  Fay- 
ette; Ella  married  Mr.  It.  Aliilkey,  who  is  a  farm- 
er near  Bellevue;  and  (Jeorge  and  Franklin 
are  at  home  with  their  father.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jones  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church. — 
she  from  girlhood,  and  he  for  the  past  ten  years. 
Ill  politics  Mr.  Jones  is  in  sympathy  with  the 
Democratic  party,  but  he  does  not  take  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs.  He  has  given  his  undi- 
vided attention  to  his  farm,  and  by  it  has  pros- 
pered, and  because  of  his  iijiriglit  life  he  enjoys 
the  respect  of  all  who  have  ever  known  him. 

ILLIAM  J.  JONES,  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  1847,  and  an  Indian  war  veteran 
of  1855-'56,  was  born  in  Indiana  May 
13,  1833.  Of  his  life  and  ancestry  we  present 
the  following  sketch: 

The  . I  ones  family  originated  in  England  and 
some  of  them  settled  in  America  previous  to  the 
IJevolntionarv  war.  His  father,  William  Jones, 
was  born  in  Kentucky  August  8, 1811,  and  his 
mother,  nee  Mary  Davis,  daughter  of  Isaac 
Davis,  was  born  in  Indiana.  He  is  the  oldest 
of  their  eight  children,  six  of  whom  are  living. 
In  1840  the  faniily  moved  to  Iowa,  and  seven 
years  later  Mr.  Jones  brought  his  wife  and  six 
children    across   the    plains  to  Oregon.     They 


•uo 


ntSTOHY    OF    OltKOOX. 


hi- 


HtiirtiMl  ut  n  point  Htnoti  iiiilcs  wost  of  niirliiig- 
ton,  IdWii,  ill  Aliiri'li,  unci  ul'ttT  ii  joiiniKV  of  six 
inoiitlia  laiuli'd  in  the  ("lu'liulcin  vftiley  in  Yam 
Hill  coiintv.  Heir  the  fiitlit'i-  took  ii  <lunHti()ii 
cluim  tlirt'K  miles  uinl  ii  iiall'  nortii  of  wIiltc 
Newlioi'i^  now  t-tanclM.  On  it  lie  livod  imd  pnm- 
[icreii  tlio  rest  of  liis  days,  and  Iiltc,  in  18U2,  he 
passed  sway  at  the  ripe  <ild  a^o  of  eighty-oiio 
years. 

The  I'lihject  of  our  sketeli  roinaiiicd  on  tiie 
farm,  assitiiii;  liis  fntlier,  until  he  reached  liis 
majority.  lie  then  learned  tluu'arpenters'  trade, 
and  worked  at  tiiat  for  a  nunilier  of  years.  After 
the  death  of  liis  mother,  he  inherited  fifty  aures 
of  iier  donation  claim.  August  1(5,  IHo!),  ho 
married  Miss  Klizaheth  Siuiek,  duugiiter  of 
Martin  Sliuek,  wjio  came  to  Oregon  in  1H')2. 
After  their  mai'riage  they  settled  on  the  farm, 
and  there  resided  eiifhteen  yiy.wi,  Mr.  Jones 
purchased  a  water-power  and  Iniilt  a  dam  and 
sawmill,  and  snb.sci|iiently  a  gristmill.  After 
riinnii]f5  the  gristmill  three  years  he  sold  it,  Imt 
the  sawmill  lit  operated  ten  years.  Since  then 
lie  has  retired  from  liusinees.  lie,  however, 
does  some  millwright  work,  lie  owns  twenty 
acres  of  land  and  the  comfortable  homo  in  which 
he  resides. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jones  have  had  thirteen  oliil- 
dren,  namely;  Charles  Edward,  Uohert  Lee, 
Martin  J.,  Irene  E.  (who  died  in  her  twenty- 
fifth  year),  Witlie  1".,  Thomas  1'..,  iSamnel  T., 
David  .*..,  Anna  M.,  Ellen,  Jacob  M.,  Isaac  W. 
and  Maggie. 

When  the  Indian  war  of  1855-'5G  broke  out, 
he  was  one  of  the  brave  pioneers  who  tendered 
their  service  to  the  Government  to  pix)tect  the 
•ettlei-s  and  ehastise  the  Indians,  lie  furnished 
his  o.""  horse  and  outfit,  and  rendered  valuable 
service  until  the  war  elo8e<l,  and  he  was  honor- 
ably discharged. 

rolitically,  Mr.  Jones  affiliates  with  the  Denio- 
cratie  party.  He  and  his  wife  are  both  consist- 
ent members  of-the  Christian  Church,  and  are 
held  in  high  esteem  by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


IS^  I.  J  0  X  E  S,  a  pioneer  of  1853  to  this 
State,  and  a  successful  farmer  of  Yam 
Hill  county,  was  born  in  Missouri, 
August  ^1,  184:2.  His  father,  Jefferson  Jones, 
was  a  native  of   Keiitiiiky,   born  in    1S23  and 


married  Miss  Jano  Ulack,  a  nafivjt  of  Virginia 
and  a  de.>een(hint  of  one  of  the  old  families  of 
that  State;  and  by  this  inarrir.gc  there  have  been 
five  cliildr(Mi  born  in  Missouri.  In  185;!  the 
whole  family  emi'Tated  to  Oreiron,  crossini;  the 
plains  with  oxen.  (>f  the  children  who  came  in 
this  emigration;  Mary  married  Thomas  Mc- 
Kinley,  and  resides  in  eastern  Oregon;  Lydia 
married  Dr.  N.  Hudson  and  after  some  years 
died;  Sarali  Jane  married  Melom  Jetrerson, 
and  is  also  deceased;  I'annie  beciiine  the  wife 
of  William  I'arkttr,  and  riwides  in  Jackson 
county,  this  State;  Alice  Alvina  became  Mrs. 
John  McCord  and  is  living  in  eastern  Oregon; 
one  child  died  in  the  East;  d  the  youngest, 
William,  was  only    three  v  old  when  they 

started  for  the  far  West. 

Upon  his  arrival  in  Ort^,  ..o  fatlier  pur- 
chased 320  acres  of  land,  a  mile  south  of  Hetliel, 
in  I'olk  county,  and  occupied  it  for  twenty 
years;  then  his  good  wife  died,  and  lie  sold  the 
farm  and  went  to  ilnckson  county,  and  afterward 
returned  to  I'olk  county,  and  died  at  the  house 
of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  McCord.  He  was  aipiiet, 
industrious  farmer,  living  an  honest  and  honor- 
able life. 

Harry  I.  Jones,  the  youngest  liiit  ono  of  the 
family,  was  eleven  years  of  age  when  he  came  to 
this  State.  He  was  brought  up  on  the  farm, 
and  when  twenty-two  years  old  married  Miss 
Jo8e|)hine  Van  Ibiskirk,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
a  daughter  of  John  Van  Ibiskirk,  who  came  to 
this  State  as  early  as  1852,  and  died  in  1882,  and 
his  wife  still  survives,  residiriif  with  the  sub- 
ject  of  this  sketch. 

Mr.  Jones  purchased  a  part  of  his  father's 
land,  and  after  two  years  ho  sold  out  and 
bought  a  place  in  Yam  Hill  county,  nine  miles 
southwest  of  McMinnville,  an  iinim|)roved  tract 
of  15!)  acres,  and  on  this  pro]ierty  he  was  a  suc- 
cessful farmer,  adding  to  it  from  time  to  time  by 
jnircha.-e  until  he  had  27!) acres.  In  1889  he  gave 
this  place  to  his  sons  and  Iwiiglit  l;i9  acres  near 
it,  on  which  ho  built  a  goo<l  house  and  gave  it 
to  his  youngest  son.  He  then  purchased  for 
himself  thirty-seven  anil  one-half  acres  near 
Amity,  which  he  is  setting  in  fruit  and  other- 
wise improving  for  his  homo. 

His  five  children  are:  R.  O.,  who  is  in  busi- 
ness in  Amity-.  Weldon  Martin,  who  is  on  the 
farm;  Lnella,  at  home;  and  Herbert  licubeii,  on 
the  farm.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jones  are  esteemed 
membere  of  the  I3aptist  Church,  in  which  socie- 
ty he  has   been  a  faithful    Deacon    for   aeveral 


insTour  oy  oithuios. 


nil 


yi"iirn.  Ill  politics  he  \*  n  K('[)i]l)licnii.  Mr. 
Joiios  Ims  Ih'L'M  u  iiiiiii  ever  giviiij^  clu'C  iittuii- 
ficiii  to  his  husintiSH,  iiiiii  tiy  liononililf  cllortaiKl 
pi'i'sisteiit,  iinlustry  lie  Iiuh  iniKU;  a  siktchs  nf  lift', 

yiN.  .l()IIN[jKKLi.V.'j>iH!  of  the  Or.'^c.n 
pioneers  of  iS-t'J,  was  horn  in  Diihiin,  Iro- 
iaiui,  May  15,  im8,  the  non  uf  a  prominent 
manufacturer  of  woolen  goods;  hia  aticestors 
iiatl  heen  enj;at!;t'il  for  generations  in  tlie  same 
inijnstry,  and  lie  icanu' very  |iroticient  in  every 
department  ot  IiIh  futiier's  tactory.  In  1838 
he  i)ade  farewell  to  the  parental  roof,  to  his 
friends  and  luitive  land,  and  crosted  the  sea  to 
America.  IJe  lived  at  llawkshnrfi;,  Canada,  for 
two  years,  as  superintendent  of  a  small  factory. 
He  removed  to  Swanton,  Vermont,  and  in  a 
like  capacity  resided  there  until  1842.  In  that 
year  he^pusheil  further  westward,  and  located  at 
Waterford.  Wisconsin,  whore  he  anil  (ieorj^e  llo- 
vey  cstahlished  the  Waterford  Woolen  Mills.  At 
the  (Mill  of  five  years  he  disposed  of  his  interest, 
and  went  to  St.  Louis;  in  this  city  he  enlisted 
tor  service  in  the  Mexican  war,  joiniiiif  the 
Third  Uegiment  Missouri  Mounted  Volunteers. 
His  chief  <lnty  was  scouting,  and  after  a  short 
jieriod  he  was  honorahly  discharged  at  Jefferson 
barracks,  Missouri,  but  was  retained  in  the 
Quarternnister's  Department.  In  the  spring  of 
184U  he  crossed  the  plains  to  ( )reij;on  with  the 
regiment  of  mounted  riflemen,  arriving  at  Ore- 
gon City  in  October  of  thesaineyear.  His  first 
business  enter|)rise  was  taking  a  contract  to  fur- 
nish the  regiment  with  beef,  wiiich  he  did  until 
March,  1850.  Then  forming  a  partnership  with 
three  gentlemen,  among  them  (leneral  Lane,  ho 
purchased  a  band  of  300  cattle,  and  drove  to 
lioguc  river  valley;  hero  the  (icnoral  made  a 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  and  after  this  they  con- 
tinued their  journey  to  Tehama  county,  Cali- 
fornia, where  they  passed  the  winter  in  mining 
on  Olney  creek.  Ihcy  drove  the  cattle  to  Scott 
valley  in  the  spring  of  1851,  and  established  a 
ranch,  but  Mi.  Kelly  sold  his  interest,  and  re- 
turned to  Oregon.  He  purchasetl  200  head  of 
cattle,  took  np  a  donation  claim  near  Kosohurg, 
and  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising. 

Mr.  Kelly  was  married  in  La  Fayette,  Ore- 
gon, in  1853,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  I'arker,  a  native 
of  Indiana,  and  a  daughter  of  P.  C.  I'arker, 
who  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war. 


Ill  iHfil  lio  was  aj)j)ointed  llcgistor  of  the 
United  jStutcs  Land  Otiice,  at  Itosebnrg,  and 
lillcil  the  position  until  1811(1,  when  he  rcBigned. 
He  performed  the  dntirs  through  a  ileputy, 
howcM-r,  unlil  18(i8,  when  his  suci'osoi  was  ap- 
pointed. He  removed  to  S|)ringlield  in  1800. 
and  bought  an  interest  in  the  Sjiringlield  Manu- 
facturing Coin|)any;  he  diejioseil  of  his  Uose- 
burg  property,  and  was  elected  superintendent 
of  the  company's  works  at  Springfield,  a  posi- 
tion he  tilled  unlil  1870,  when  the  tirm  dis- 
solved aii<l  the  property  divided.  Mr.  Kelly 
took  as  his  share  240  acres,  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  ls70.  He  was  then  appointed 
Collector  of  Chistoms,  when  he  removeil  to 
Portland.  He  tilled  the  ottico  four  years,  at  the 
ond  of  which  time  he  returned  to  Springfield, 
resuming  the  iiursuit  of  ain-iculture.  Under 
the  administration  of  President  Arthur  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  three  commissioners  to 
accept  100  miles  of  the  Morthern  Pacific  rail- 
road, and  in  1800,  was  appointed  Superintend- 
ent of  Census  of  ( Iregon. 

He  is  now  the  owner  of  100  acres  near  S])ring- 
tiehl,  500  acres  on  Fall  creek,  and  000  acres  in 
the  Mohawk  valley. 

Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Kelly  are  the  parents  of  eight 
children:  Mary  L.,  wife  of  H.  H.  Miller; 
Theresa  M.,  widow  of  L.  (i.  Jackson;  John  F. ; 
Marcella.  wifeof  Albert  H. Tanner;  Abraham  L.; 
(ieorgc  II.;  Iiessii>  and  Katie  S.  Mr.  Kelly  is 
a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  I"'.,  and  in  both  busi- 
ness and  social  circles  has  the  highest  respect  of 
all  who  know  him. 

*'  i — 3'^  ■{'■L-^'^ — :•- 

fRAXK  P..  JOLLY,  attorney-at-law,  149 
First  street,  Portland,  Oregon,  is  a  native 
of  Washington  county,  this  State,  born 
.Vugust  31,  1850,  on  the  donation  claim  settled 
by  his  father  in  1847.  Of  his  life  and  ancestry 
we  make  the  following  brief  record: 

As  early  as  1775  s<ime  of  Mr.  Jolly's  ances- 
tors settled  in  Ohio,  where  they  suffered  many 
of  the  hardships  incident  to  pioneer  life,  several 
members  of  the  family  being  massacred  by  the 
Indiana.  William  Jolly,  the  grandfather  of 
Frank  P.,  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  age  of  ten 
years,  ana  for  seven  years  lived  with  the  Chero- 
kee tribe,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  was  re- 
leased and  returned  to  Ohio.  The  parents  of 
our  subject,  William  and  Elizabeth  Jane  (Strong) 


1113 


HIsrOHY    Oh'    OHEOOif. 


I 


ill. 


Jolly,  were!  married  in  \V:ii'rcri  county,  Indiana, 
January  1,  18;!5,  Mr.  Jolly  at  iliat  time  beinj;  a 
clergyman  in  the  Cnmberland  Presbyterian 
Cluircli.  In  184-7,  accompanied  liy  the  family 
of  lii;*  brother-in-law,  Isaac  liarrell,  they  cro.sscd 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  driving  o.\  teams.  The 
train  with  which  they  traveled  numbered  about 
seventy  wagons.  Arrivinir  at  the  Dalles,  they 
built  rfat- boats  and  came  down  the  river,  land- 
ing oji|H)site  Vancouver.  Mr.  Jolly  then  set- 
tle<l  a  donation  claim  of  640  acres  in  Washing- 
ton c'o\inty,  and  still  lives  on  a  part  of  the  old 
liomestead,  haviiij^  passed  his  life  in  agricultural 
pursuits  and  brought  his  fa:;n  U|i  to  a  high  state 
of  <leveloj)nient.  Of  their  ten  children  si.x  are 
still  living,  Frank  B.  beino;  the  youngest. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  at 
Iliilsbo-ough  and  Forest  (irove.  In  December, 
1878,  he  entered  the  otlice  of  Thomas  II. 
Tongue,  of  Hillsborough,  and  began  the  study  of 
law,  ivliich  he  contin\u'd  until  1^80.  lie  then 
came  to  Portland  and  uiul-r  the  instructions  of 
Ed  Mandenhall  continued  his  legal  studies,  being 
admitted  to  jiractice  October  9,  1882,  and  at  that 
time  for.idng  a  copartnership  with  Mr.  ilenden- 
liall,  whii  h  firm  conducted  business  until  March 
1, 188U.  Since  then  Mr.  Jolly  'las  been  alone, 
still  occupying  the  same  office  at  149  First 
street. 

He  was  married  in  Clackamas  county,  in  1879, 
to  Miss  l.illie  A.  Short,  a  native  of  Oregon  and 
a  daughter  of  Hon.  K.  V.  Short,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1847.  They  have  two  children:  Lil- 
liss  Pauline  and  llessie  Florine. 

Mr.  Jolly's  law  library  numbers  upward  of 
200  volumes.  He  is  devoted  to  his  profession, 
and  is  not  active  in  politics  or  fraternal  societies. 


Hl'dENF  IvEINT.EN,  proprietor  of  tlie 
(irant's  Pass  Brewery,  was  horn  in  Alsace, 
(ieiinany,  December  2(),  18."jO.  Here  ho 
was  reared  to  manhood.  On  his  arrival  in 
America  he  spent  a  few  months  in  Xew  York, 
and  then  located  at  St.  Paul,  Miimesota,  where 
lie  resided  some  nineteen  years. 

He  was  aiarried  in  tiiat  city  to  Mary  Keinlen, 
of  (iermany.  In  1884  he  came  to  Oregon,  but 
after  a  short  stay  he  went  lo  San  Francisco, 
where  he  stayed  for  a  tiine,  but  subsequently 
returned  to  Oi'egon,  and  settled  in  Jackson 
county.     For  the  past  live  years  he  has  been  a 


refiident  of  .lones"  creek,  where  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  farming.  He  purchased  his  presi^nt 
business  and  took  charge  in  August,  1891.  His 
trade  is  principally  a  local  one.  and  he  has  a 
fair  trade,  besides  a  large  retail  trade  at  the 
brewery. 

Mr.  Keinlen  and  wife  are  sturdy,  honest 
German  people,  and  are  highly  respected  by 
their  counti'ymen  and  fellow-citizens. 


^• 


■•^ 


ALLACE  II.  LEE,  A,  M.,  Professor  of 
Ancient  and  Modern  Languages  in  the 
Albany  Collegiate  Institute,  Albany, 
Oregon,  has  been  a  prominent  factor  in  advan- 
cing the  best  interests  of  this  city,  and  it  is 
eminently  fitting  that  biographical  men  .ion 
should  be  made  of  him  in  this  work. 

Professor  Lee  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  in  1801.  His  paternal  ance.'  ,  the  Rev. 
John  Lee,  a  minister  in  England  before  the 
restoration  of  Charles  II.  came  to  America  in 
1062,  and  settled  at  (luilford,  ('onnecticut.  His 
descendants  have  been  prominently  connected 
with  the  Presbyterian  Church.  The  father  of 
our  subject.  Rev.  William  B.  Lee,  was  born  in 
Madison,  Connecticut,  in  1828.  lie  was  edu- 
cated for  the  ministry,  and  for  many  years  was 
pastor  of  the  Genevan  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
Brooklyn.  His  wife,  Fvlizabeth  Payson  (Howe) 
Lee,  was  a  native  of  Portland,  Maine.  Her 
grandsires  were  Puritatis  and  prominent  n\M\  in 
the  settlement  of  New  England.  After  the  re- 
tirement of  Rev.  William  B.  Leo  from  his 
pastorate  in  Brooklyn,  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Portland,  (.)regon,  and  is  now  a  resi- 
dent of  !Mt.  Tabor.  He  is  nowsi.xty-four  years 
of  age,  is  living  retired,  and  is  enjoying  the 
rest  that  shonld  follow  years  of  useful  activity. 
He  and  his  worthy  compaidon  have  had  eight 
children,  seven  oi'  A'hom  lived  to  maturity.  Two 
of  these  have  followed  in  the  foot-steps  of  their 
liom)rcd  father,  and  are  occnj)ying  useful  posi- 
tions in  the  Tiiinistry:  Uev.  E.  T.  Lee  being  lo- 
cated at  Pueblo,  Colorado,  and  Rev.  George  II. 
Lee  bei.ig  pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church 
at  Seattle,  Washington.  The  forMicr  came  to 
Oregon  in  188:i,  and,  as  pastor,  establishcii  tlni 
('alvary  Presbyterian  Church  of  Portland, 

Wallace  H.  completed  his  classical  studies  at 
William's  College,  Williamstown,  Massachu- 
setts, and   grnduatcd   in    188;!.     He  then  com- 


BISTORT    or   OREGON. 


1113 


iiienced  tfochiiip'  in  tlio  High  School  at  Middle- 
town,  Comiccticut,  as  I'rofessor  of  English  and 
American  literature.  During  his  sunimer  va- 
cation in  188(5  he  came  to  Portland,  Oregon,  to 
visit  his  parents,  and  while  in  that  city  met  Mr. 
William  Wadhams,  a  gentleman  prominent  in 
the  Preshyterian  Church,  and  throngh  liini  was 
induced  to  resign  his  position  at  Middletcwn 
(which  was  accomplished  with  gro  if^ciilty) 
and  accept  his  present  position  v.\  t!ie  'jluHfty 
Collegiate  Institute,  which  is  under  th.H  Joniina 
tion  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  At  this  writ- 
ing, 1892,  he  is  completing  his  ei.xth  year  as  a 
professor  in  this  institution. 

ProfoRsor  JiCe  was  married  in  Albany,  Ore- 
gon, in  1887,  to  Miss  Elizabetii  Fortniiller,  a 
native  of  Newark,  Xew  York.  They  have  three 
children:  Kate  Elizabeth,  Edward  Howe  and 
Hertha  Fortmiller. 

The  Professor  is  an  active  member  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Albany,  in  which 
he  fills  the  positions  of  Organist  and  Ruling 
Elder.  It  was  largely  through  his  instrumen- 
tality that  the  church  was  raised  from  a  Home 
Mission  Board  to  bo  self-supporting,  lie  was 
the  organizer  of  the  \ .  M.  ('.  A.  of  Albany, 
and  was  elected  its  first  president,  which  office 
he  lil'ed  for  several  years.  He  is  still  active  in 
promoting  the  best  interests  of  the  organization. 


-^"^■•^ 


fACOB  KOOP.  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852, 
now  residii'o  on  his  donation  claim  in 
("lackamr.f  .:unnty,  was  born  in  Dauphin 
county,  PoniiLylvania,  March  U,  1817.  He  i.s 
of  German  ancestry.  The  progenitor  of  the 
Iioop  family  in  America  came  from  Germany 
and  settlad  in  Pennsylvania.  His  name  was 
John  Roop.  He  had  a  brother  who  was  killed 
in  the  war  of  1812.  ( )ur  subject's  father, 
Christian  Roop,  was  liorn  in  New  Ilarrisburg, 
Pennsylvania,  and  he  and  his  wife,  whose  maiden 
!iame  was  Ann  Hrubaker,  and  who  was  a  native 
of  Halifax,  Penn.sylvania,  had  a  family  of  twelve 
children,  of  whom  only  three  are  now  living. 
The  mother  died,  at  the  age  of  fifty-nine  years, 
and  the  father  passed  a'.v«y,  at  the  ago  of  sixty. 
Jacob  Roop  was  the  third  born  in  his  father's 
family,  and  when  he  was  twelve  years  old  re- 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  where 
they  remained  seven  years.     Their  next  move 


was  to  a  point  about  sixty  miles  east  of  Chicago. 
P'roni  there  they  moved  to  Indiana,  where  the 
father  died. 

December  25,  184:i5,  Mr.  Iion|i  married  Miss 
Seville  Groves,  who  was  born  August  10, 1821. 
Their  union  resulteil  in  the  l)irtii  of  three  chil- 
dren, as  follows;  John,  who  resides  in  Snake 
River  country,  in  Idaho;  Frances,  wife  of  Oscar 
Stnrgis,  lives  in  Clackamas  county;  &m\  Lonson 
Monson,  who  received  injuries  while  a  soldier 
in  the  Union  army,  from  the  effects  of  which  he 
died  in  Oregon,  IJecember  17, 181)9.  Mrs.  Roop 
died  April  iJ,  1848.  On  the  24th  of  August, 
1848,  be  married  Miss  Jane  Young,  and  their 
only  child,  C.  Y.  Roop,  was  born  August  23, 
1850.     His  second  wire  died  <  tctober  IJi,  1851. 

In  ISoS,  with  his  three  brothers,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  crossed  the  jilains  to  Oregon,  com- 
ing direct  to  Clackamas  county.  Here  he  took 
up  the  donation  claim  on  which  he  has  since 
lived  and  prospered.  His  brothers  took  claims 
near  him.  After  living  alone  for  some  years  he 
was  married  July  13,  18(12,  to  Mrs.  Rachel 
Powell,  a  widow  with  five  children.  She  was 
born  April  14,  1819,  and  died  December  24, 
1890.  Thus  Mr.  Roop  was  a  third  time  be- 
reaved of  a  loving  companion.  lie  has  live 
grandchildren,  one  of  whom,  Mrs.  Emily  Killin, 
is  now  his  housekeeper. 

He  has  been  a  hardworking  man  all  his  life, 
and  his  honest  industry  has  been  rewarded  with 
success.  He  has  developed  a  fine  farm,  being 
now  the  owner  of  240  acres  of  choice  land,  a 
portion  of  it  being  devoted  to  horticultural  pur- 
poses. Mr.  Roop  was  reared  a  Metiiodist,  but 
since  coming  to  Oregon  has  not  belonged  to  any 
church.    He  affiliates  with  the  Republican  j)arty. 


;ILLIAM  KANE,  a  highly  respected 
'  citizen  of  Forest  Grove,  came  to  Cali- 
fornia i  n  1850,  arriving  in  Oregon  the 
following  year.  He  is  a  native  of  the  Empire 
State,  having  been  born  in  New  York  on  March 
13, 1828.  His  father,  John  Kane,  was  a  native 
of  Wilkes  Barre,  Pennsylvania,  and  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Sailor,  a  native  of  New  York. 
They  had  three  children,  our  subject  beiiig  the 
youngest.  When  but  two  years  of  age,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  :;!fetch  luul  the  misfortune  to  lose  his 
mother,  in  1830,  and  lie  was  reared  in  Niagara 
county,  New  York,  later  removing  to  lUitiois, 


1114 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


%A 


wliere  he  reiiuiiiiod  for  six  years.  He  iittemlefl 
tlie  public  schools  BOine  tiiiriiig  liis  youth,  liut 
experience  was  his  principal  instructor.  From 
Illinois  he  nMuoveil  tu  Aluscutinc,  Iowa,  and 
here  learned  the  earpenters"  trade.  lie  re- 
Hiained  there  for  a  couple  of  years,  then  remov- 
ing to  Chicago,  where  lie  worked  until  184U,  at 
which  time  he  refurued  to  Iowa,  and  the  follow- 
ing year,  January  15.  I80O,  started  for  Califor- 
nia. He  went  via  Mexico,  and  on  arriving  at 
the  mines  on  Yulia  river,  he  worked  there  unril 
the  1st  of  August,  but  this  not  proving  as  re- 
munerative af.  he  desired,  he  embarked  on  the 
steamer,  California,  for  ( )regon.  Arriviiur  ut 
his  destination,  he  worked  for  a  couple  of  years 
in  St.  Helen,  being  employed  at  his  trade  and 
in  ttperatiug  a  sawmill.  In  1852  he  removed 
to  Washington  county,  where  he  bought  l.")0 
acres  of  uncultivated  land  on  Cornelius  prairie, 
and  built  the  cubtoniary  cabin  of  the  pioneer, 
and  resided  on  the  place  for  fifteen  years,  im- 
proving it  with  good,  substantial  buildings, 
which  re])laee(l  his  unpretentious  cabin,  and  cul- 
tivated the  land,  thus  rendering  it  a  very  valu- 
able farm,  which  he  still  owns. 

August  19,  187i3,  he  came  to  Forest  Grove, 
where  he  jiurchased  block  lA.  on  which  he  has 
built  several  good  residences,  including  a  hand- 
some home  for  himself,  where  he  now  resides. 

Mr.  Kane  has  superintended  the  construction  of 
some  (if  the  best  buildintjs  in  the  State,  amonc 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  first  courthouse  in 
Washington  C(Minty,  built  in  1852;  besides  many 
of  the  best  residences  of  the  town  and  surround- 
ing country,  which  are  evidences  of  his  honest 
workmanship.  He  has  also  dealt  in  real  estate 
consideralily,  on  his  own  account,  in  which  ho 
has  been  very  successful,  and  has  accumulated 
by  various  honorable  means  a  competency  for 
his  later  years.  He  holds  stock  in  some  of  the 
best-paying  enterprises  of  the  city,  viz.:  the 
Canning  Company  and  the  Electric  Light  Com- 
pany. 

On  September  25,  1750,  he  married  Miss 
Sidna  V.  (\)rneliu8,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who 
accompaiiiod  her  parents  to  Oregon  in  1845. 
Her  parents,  on  coming  to  this  State,  located 
on  land  in  AVashington  county,  where  her  father 
died  in  180(5,  her  mother  surviving  until  1881, 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kane  have  had  six  children; 
Visa  M.,  wife  of  C.  II.  Coary.  residing  in  Ta 
conui,  Washington;  iJessie  A.,  wife  of  .John 
Kibbio,  residing  at  Mount  Tabor;  their  son, 
Julian  M.jdied  in  the  twenty-third  year  of  his 


age,  nil  intelligent  and  most  promising  young 
man,  deeply  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him; 
Frank  T.,  is  a  clerk  in  the  Forest  (irove  Bank; 
Fred  1).  is  attending  the  J'acitic  Fniversity; 
while  Flmma  J.  died,  aged  four  and  a  half  years. 

At  the  time  of  the  outbreak  of  th(>  Yakima 
Indian  war,  in  1855,  Mr,  Kane  heroically  vol- 
unteered his  services,  furnished  his  own  horse 
and  e(juipments,  and  became  a  member  of  Com- 
pany I),  Washington  County  Volunteers.  He 
sewed  in  the  first  expedition  in  Yakima  county, 
and  was  later  employed  on  the  Government 
posts,  serving  for  a  year  in  all. 

When  a  young  man  he  cast  his  first  presi- 
dential vote  for  Stephen  A.  Douglas.  Later 
he  became  a  Uepublican,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
war  was  a  strong  Union  man. 

Mrs.  Kane  is  a  member  of  the  Conifreija- 
tional  Church,  being  actively  engaged  in  pro- 
moting its  interests. 

As  citizens  and  pioneers  he  and  his  wife  are 
looked  up  to  and  respected,  because  of  their 
intrinsic  worth  an<l  many  deserving  qualities  of 
heart  and  mind. 


— ^€©:ii)i^-^^ — 

fACOM  K.\MM,  a  characteristically  progress- 
ive citizen  of  I'oi'tland,  and  a  typical  pio- 
neer of  Oregon,  was  born  in  Switzerland  on 
December  12,  1823.  AVheii  se\en  years  of  age, 
he  came  with  his  jiarents  to  the  United  States, 
and  spent  part  of  his  young  life  in  several  of 
the  Western  States,  receiving  his  education  in 
Illinois,  and  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  When 
twelve  years  of  age  he  began  life  on  his  own 
account,  being  engaged  in  steamboating  on 
western  waters.  Jle  became  an  ex])ert  engi- 
neer and  steamboat  man,  and  in  time  became 
the  owner  of  his  own  boat,  thi>  Ballahoochio, 
which  he  ran  night  and  day,  until  ho  lost  his 
health,  in  conseijiience  of  which  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia in  184:9,  spending  the  whole  of  1849  and 
1850  in  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento.  After 
lartiallv  recovering  his  health,  he  came  to  Port- 
land, wliere  he  was  engaged  in  setting  up  the  ma- 
chin<'ry  in  the  Lot  Whitcome,  which  was  the  first 
steamer  built  on  this  coast,  lie  ran  her  as 
cl.ief  engineer  until  she  was  taken  to  ('alifomiu. 
lie  then  built  the  first  stern-wheel  steamer 
ever  constructed  here,  called  the  Jennie  Clark. 
Captain  .1,  C.  Angel  was  interested  in  her,  and 
Mr.  Kamm  ran  hor  about  four  yeare,     lie  thou 


'J'^f-i-S^" 


HISTORY    OF    OliKOoy. 


II 15 


bccaiiip  chief  engineer  of  tlio  Oregon  Steam 
Navigation  Company.  This  company  was  or- 
ganized in  lSf};{,  aftci-Wiird  selling  out  to  tlu^ 
Oregon  Railway  «fc  Navigation  Company,  and 
later  still  was 'leased  by  the  Utah  it  Oregon 
Short  Line.  Mr.  Kanim  is  no  longer  connecti^l 
with  any  oC  these  organizations,  hnt  has  turned 
his  attention  more  to  the  local  interests  of  the 
city.  He  is  a  stockholder  in  several  of  the  city 
hanks,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  theliank 
of  California  and  the  Western  Oregon  National 
Bank,  and  also  of  the  First  National  iBank  of 
Astoria.  Some  time  in  the  'GOs,  he  bought  at 
a  nominal  price,  eleven  acres  of  land  in  Portland, 
which  has  since  become  much  enhanced  in 
value.  At  one  time  he  was  the  owner  of  the 
propeller, George  S.  Wright,  which  made  regular 
trips  to  the  Sound,  Victoria  and  Sitka.  He  has 
master,  chief  enginec:  and  pilot  papers,  and 
was  master  of  his  own  vessel.  He  has  built 
one  of  the  best-designed  and  most  valuable  busi- 
ness blocks  i'    I'ortland. 

He  was  n  3d,  in  1869,  to  Miss  Caroline  A. 
Gray,  a  native  ■=*  '  <regon,  anil  a  daughter  of  the 
celebrated  pion.  r,  1  »r.  Willimn  II.  (iray.  who 
was  a  native  of  Fairfield,  N  v  Vork,  whore  he 
was  born  ou  Se|)tember  b,  180''.  He  came  lo 
Oregon  in  1830,  in  company  v  '\  |)r.  Man- 
Whitman  and  wife,  and  Dr.  U.  11.  Spauldingand 
wife.  He  came  as  secular  agent  for  the  mission. 
Their  trip  was  fraught  with  many  trial-  and 
dangers,  but  they  finally  rt^ached,  on  Se|iteinher 
S,  18U(5,  in  safety,  what  is  now  Willapii  Wash- 
ington. In  1838  he  returned  to  the  East,  where 
ho  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Dix,  a  native 
of  New  York.  She  had  decided  to  devote  her 
life  to  missionary  work.  They  immediatel' 
started  for  this  coast,  and  located  at  who'  ,1 
now  Topwai.  Idaho,  where  their  oldest  soti,  ia- 
Senator  .1.  II.  I),  (xray,  was  born.  He  was  the 
second  white  male  child  born  in  the  territory, 
now  known  as  Washington,  Idaho,  Montana  and 
Oregon.  Mrs.  Gray  commenced  her  missionary 
work  of  teaching  Indian  children,  nnder  the 
limbs  of  a  wide-spreading  pine  tree,  and  later 
in  their  log  house  with  a  |)nncheon  floor.  They 
removed  to  Salem,  Oregon,  in  1842;  later,  in 
1844,  moved  to  ( )regon  City,  and  in  184ti  moved 
to  Clatsop  plains,  and  were  almost  constant 
residents  of  Astoria,  until  the  time  of  Mr. 
Gray's  death,  which  occnrred  at  the  home  of  his 
son-in-law,  Mr.  Kamm.  in  I'ortland,  on  Novem- 
ber 14,  188'.l.  The  history  of  his  life  is  one  of 
great  interest.     Ho  was  present  at  the  hirtli  of 


popnlar  sovereignty  on  this  Coast,  and  was  one 
of  the  leaders  of  the  Provisional  (iovernment  for 
this  Territory  in  1844.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
important  factors  in  the  upbuilding  of  thisgreat 
commonwealth,  and  a  person  of  large  heart  and 
brain,  whose  best  efforts  were  for  the  people  of 
this  Territory.  He  was  the  author  of  (jray's 
History  of  Oregon,  a  hook  of  great  interest,  on 
account  t>f  its  full  statement  of  the  events  that 
transpired  in  Oregon,  from  its  first  settlement 
until  the  year  of  1849.  His  wife  was  born  in 
New  York  on  July  2,  1810,  and,  as  previo\isly 
stated,  came  to  Oregon,  in  1838,  to  tea'h  the 
gospel  of  salvation  to  the  heathen  in  thi  iar  off 
and  inaccessible  land,  and  here  she  lalioi  !  at 
her  life-work  for  forty-three  years,  nnt'  ho 
sank  peacefully  to  rest,  on  December  ^.  1^>1, 
eight  years  previous  to  the  death  of  her  iius- 
band.  She  had  grown  old  gracefully,  time  seem- 
ing to  lay  its  haiul  gently  on  her  brow,  only  to 
add  the  lines  of  kindness  and  patience,  worn  by 
the  experiences  of  her  daily  life,  and  to  stamp 
indelibly  on  her  manner  the  outward  form  of 
th •■  in  ■  ard  spirt  of  Christianity,  which  g  .'rued 
brr  liti'.  The  surviving  childr  11  of  these  iiighly 
e.^teemed  pioneers  are  Captain  J .  H.  D. 
of  Astoria;  Airs.  Tarhell,  of  Tacoma 
Aberuethy;  Captain  W.  P.  Gray,  of 
Washington;  A.  W.  (iray;  Captain  J.  T, 
I''  Vancouver,  Washington,  and  Mrs. 
Kiimm. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kamm  have  one  son,  Charles 
T.,  who  is  married  to  Miss  Fannie  Walk,  and 
they  have  three  children,  all  born  in  Portland. 

Caj)tain  Kamm  is  in  politics  a  Republican, 
and  during  the  late  war  was  a  strong  Union  man, 
but  has  not  since  given  particular  attention  to 
politics,  and  is  what  may  he  termed  independent. 
lie  is  a  Royal  .Vrch  ilason,  of  which  fraternity 
he  is  a  respected  member.  He  has  worthily 
Won  the  regard  of  his  fellow-men,  by  his  \ip- 
rightness  and  cordiality  of  treatment,  avid  >t- 
tracted  to  his  side  a  numerous  retinue  of  arin 
personal  friends. 


'UOAIAS  IIOLMAN,  a  prominent  and  in- 
fluential ''itizen  of  Salem,  Oregon,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Devonshire,  England,  where  he 
was  born  in  184U.  His  father,  John  Holnian, 
was  a  well-known  mannfaiaurer  of  threshing 
machines  ivnd  farming  impluiuents  in  England. 


Gray, 
Mrs, 
Pa'^co, 
Gray, 
Jacob 


v!  ; 


\V 


UKi 


msTOHY    OF    OREGON. 


I  1 
'I  I 


'Hi 


Dosct'iiiling  from  a  family  of  I'liiiiiont  lucclianics, 
if  was  must  natural  that  our  subject's  mind 
sliuuid  havu  been  jiredisposed  in  the  same  direc- 
tion. Accordin}j;ly,  as  soon  as  he  was  old 
enough,  he  entered  his  father's  shop,  and,  later, 
at  the  age  of  Iburtoeii,  he  was  sent  to  Cardiff, 
Wales,  where,  in  the  large  car-buildiiig  numu- 
faetory  of  the  Taft'vale  Kailroad  Company,  he 
continued  his  studies,  learning  the  process  of 
woodworking  and  pattern-making,  remaining 
there  for  four  years,  in  18()7  he  returned  to 
England,  where,  in  Epsom,  he  followed  car])enter 
work  in  house  building  until  1871,  when  he 
I'nigrated  to  Toronto,  Canada.  There  he  found 
occupation  in  the  naniilt(;n  Car  Shops,  as  pat- 
terti-m.^ker  and  car-builder,  remaining  there  un- 
til the  fall  of  1873,  when  ho  crossed  to  the 
I'nited  States,  and  made  his  way  to  Salem,  Ore- 
gon, where  an  unele,  Joseph  Ilolman,  a  pioneer 
of  184:<t,  then  resided.  Here  our  subject  found 
employment  as  pattern-maker  in  the  Salem  Iron 
Works,  which  he  followed  until  1881,  then  en- 
ifaffinir  in  the  manufacture  of  fanninir-milis  atid 
grain  cleaners,  after  patterns  of  his  own  inven- 
tion. His  factory  wat  located  ou  the  corner  of 
Trade  and  High  streets.  At  this  time  lie  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  water-power,  and  other 
property.  In  ISSti  he  started  the  first  electric 
light  ])lant  of  Salem,  locating  the  works  in  the 
basement  of  his  Hue  brick  factory.  He  com- 
menced with  one  arc-light  dynamo,  of  thirty- 
light  capacity,  and  as  this  means  of  lighting  be- 
came more  popular,  he  increased  his  eiipncity, 
until  he  now  has  four  arc-light  machine.-,  cif  like 
capacity,  besides  one  incandescent  machine  with 
a  capacity  of  750  lights,  to  all  of  which  he  is 
about  adding  a  second  machine.  His  system 
covers  the  entire  city  in  street  lighting,  and  is 
used  in  hotels  and  offices  in  the  business  portion. 

In  1880  Mr.  Ilolman  was  nominated  and 
elected  to  the  office  of  Councilman,  by  the  lie- 
publican  j)arty,  seiving  in  that  capacity  with 
such  ability  that  he  was  twice  again  elected  to 
the  same  position,  in  1K82  nn<l  1884,  and  was 
then  forced  to  decline  further  nomination,  as  the 
duties  detracted  too  much  from  his  jn'ivate  af- 
fairs. This  alone  is  sufficient  jiroof  of  his  fidel- 
ity and  integrity,  as  well  as  intelligence  and 
executive  ability. 

He  is  a  member  of  Olive  Lodge,  No.  18,  I. 
O.  O.  F.,  in  which    he  takes  a  prominent   part. 

Of  superior  powers  of  conception,  which  nave 
been  trained,  and  l)y  some  of  the  best  workmen 
of  the  old  World,  he  now  is,  after  so  many  years 


of  practical  e.xperieuce,  wonderfully  expert  in 
the  various  departments  of  his  business;  to  all 
of  which  maybe  attributed  his  phenomenal  suc- 
cess, for  exactness  is  the  necessary  attribute  of 
all  knowledge,  all  else  being  mere  hypothesis  or 
guess-work. 

ilSS  (JERTKl'DE  HOLMES,  founder 
and  proprietor  of  Holmes  Business  Col- 
lege, Portland,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of 
this  State,  though  a  descendant  of  the  I'uritans 
of  New  PJngland;  her  more  immediate  ancestors 
settled  in  Vermont,  and  became  honored  and 
distinguished  citizens:  V^ice-l'resident  William 
Wheeler  descended  from  the  same  lino. 

With  the  gol-l  excitement  of  1840,  Harris 
Ilolmeb,  fatiier  of  (iertriide  Holmes,  emigrated 
to  California,  and  was  engaged  in  mining  for 
several  years.  He  afterward  returned  to  Ver- 
moiit,  au'l  was  there  married  to  Miss  Mary 
Wheeler;  he  returned  to  the  I'acif; :  coast  with 
his  bride,  and  they  made  a  permanent  eettlc- 
inent  in  Oregon.  Mr.  Holmes  embarked  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  and  also  established  the 
Peoria  Lime  Comj)auy,  continuing  the  two  en- 
terprises until  1859;  then,  oi.  accouTit  of  failing 
health,  brought  on  by  exposure  and  the  many 
hardships  of  pioneer  life,  he  returned  to  New 
York,  and  settled  near  Kochester,  where  ho 
])as8ed  the  remaining  years  of  his  existence  in 
this  body.  Mrs.  Holmes  returned  with  her 
young  family  to  Portland  in  1870,  and  is  still 
a  resident  of  the  city. 

The  elementary  education  of  Gertrude  Holmes 
was  secured  at  the  schools  near  Kochester;  upon 
her  return  to  Oregon  she  spent  two  years  in  the 
Willamette  I'niversity  at  Salem,  and  again  visit- 
ing .New  York  she  attended  the  State  Normal 
School  at  lirockport,  and  was  grailuated  from 
the  .NonuHl  School  at  Oswego  in  18S4.  Having 
give  particular  attention  to  the  study  of  short- 
hand and  tyjio-writing.  she  was  em|)loyed  (me 
year  in  teaching  in  the  ('hatt'ee  Phonographic 
Institute  at  Oswego.  In  1885  slie  returned  to 
Portland,  with  a  view  of  opening  a  shorthand 
^-ihool,  as  no  such  institution  had  then  been 
established  in  the  city.  Taking  I'ooms  with  the 
Portland  Businrss  College,  she  ojieneif  a  dcjiart- 
ment  of  shorthand  and  type-writing;  soon  there 
were  forty  pupils  enrolled.  She  continued  with 
this  school  until  the  spring  of   1887,  when  she 


warn 


IIISrOHT    OF   OREGON. 


1117 


withdrew  and  established  the  IJolmes  J'usiness 
Colleife;  she  began  her  first  session  in  July,  of 
that  year,  with  an  attendance  of  forty-five  pupils. 
The  prime  object  in  opening  this  school  was  to 
give  thorough  instruction  in  shorthand  and  type- 
writing, but  to  kcej)  abreast  of  the  times,  and  to 
afford  her  pupils  a  complete  business  education, 
Miss  Holmes  has  since  added  commercial,  En- 
glish and  penmanship  departments.  The  school 
has  so  grown  in  favor  and  popularity  that  there 
is  an  average  of  175  pupils.  The  faculty  is  com- 
posed of  teachers  of  wide  experience,  and  they 
are  retained,  not  only  for  their  aliility,  but  for 
their  general  culture  and  moral  traits  of  char- 
acter. The  school  has  become  an  established 
institution  of  the  State,  and  Miss  Holmes  richly 
deserves  the  success  which  has  attended  her 
earnest  and  praiseworthy  efforts. 


JOBKUT  W.  LANCEFIELD,  a  prosperous 
farmer  of  Yam  Hill  county,  is  a  native  son 
of  Ort^gon,  having  been  born  on  his  present 
farm,  which  was  hi^  father's  donation  claim,  on 
July  28,  ISoi.  This  place  is  now  one  of  the 
best  farms  in  the  county,  and  is  located  a  mile 
and  a  quarter  northwest  of  Amity.  He  is  of 
English  ancestry,  and  his  father,  Robert  J. 
Laucefield,  was  born  in  Kent,  Kent  county,  En- 
gland, March  2,  1817.  When  a  young  man,  he 
emigrated  to  Caiiada,  and  thence,  in  184(5, 
moved  to  Oregon,  going  via  the  plains,  overland, 
and  proceeding  directly  to  Yam  Hill  county. 
Here  he  gave  a  squatter  a  yoke  of  oxen  for  his 
claim.  In  1850  he  married  Mrs.  Sarah  Malkey, 
and  they  had  two  children:  Mary  E.,  now  the 
wife  of  Mr.  Frank  Cook,  residing  on  lands  her 
father  purchased;  and  the  subject  of  our  sketch. 
The  father  was  an  extremely  enterprising  and 
prosperous  farmer,  and  from  time  to  time  added 
to  his  original  claim,  nntil  it  included  1,100 
acres  of  as  choice  .farming  lands  as  was  to  be 
found  in  the  county.  This  he  greatly  improved 
by  industriously  cultivating  the  soil  and  the 
erection  of  substantial  buildings.  He  planted 
an  excellent  orchard,  which  yields  an  abundance 
of  the  very  best  fruit.  His  wife  died  in  1885, 
and  in  December,  1891,  he  also  expired,  in  the 
seventy-third  year  of  his  age,  after  an  eminently 
prosperous  and  successful  life.  In  addition  to 
his  farming  interests,  he  was  in  the  mercantile 
business  in  Annty,  from  1871  to  1874,  !>t  which 
70 


time  his  son,  the  subject  of  our  sketch,  became 
interested  in  the  business,  and  continued  it  until 
1879,  when  ho  sold  out  advantageously.  In 
1881,  however,  he  again  engaged  in  business  in 
Amity,  and  continued  in  it  until  1887,  after 
which  he  returned  to  his  farm,  on  which  he  now 
resides. 

The  subject  of  our  slw^tch  was  educated  in 
the  district  school,  after  which  he  graduated 
from  the  I'ortland  Business  College,  in  1871-'72. 

He  now  has  in  the  old  homestead  farm,  833 
acres  of  choice  agricultural  land,  for  which  Yam 
Hill  county  is  noted.  Besides  this  he  also  owns 
a  farm  near  Sheridan,  consisting  of  400  acres, 
and  another  farm,  the  Buffum  donation  claim, 
of  647  acres,  making  in  all  aboiit  2,000  acres. 
Besides  this  he  owns  considerable  city  property 
in  Portland.  All  of  this  he  has  purchased 
himself,  aside  frotn  the  home  tract,  and  is  prob- 
ably the  largest  individual  land-owner  in  the 
county,  and  perhaps,  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Lancefield  was  married  August  9,  1874, 
to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Madox,  a  native  of  Missouri, 
and  a  daughter  of  Mr.  George  Madox,  an  es- 
teemed citizen  of  Amity.  They  have  seven 
children,  all  of  whom  were  born  in  Yam  Hill 
county,  and  all  living  at  home  with  their  par- 
ents, viz.:  Alda  P.,  Victor  S.,  Jessie,  Lloyd, 
Willie  R.,  Georgia  C.  and  Hilda  M.  They  are 
all  intelligent  young  Americans,  and  reflect 
credit  on  tlie  county  and  State  of  their  nativity. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lancefield  are  worthy  members 
of  the  Christian  Clnircb,  to  the  support  of  which 
they  liberally  contribute. 

If  Mr.  Lancefield  has  reason  to  be  proud  of 
his  State,  one  of  the  grandest  of  the  sisterhood, 
she  certaitdy  can  boast  a  most  promising  son, 
who  is  devoted  to  her  interest,  and  would  die  in 
her  cause. 


^■ 


'■^^ 


L.  LAMB,  manager  of  the  Albany  branch 
of  the  Mitchell,  Lewis  »&  Staver   Coni- 
.i3pB'»  pany,  of  Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  on 
Cape  Horn' mountain,  Washington,  in  1865. 

His  father,  Henry  Lamb,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, removed  to  Ohio  in  early  manhood,  and 
was  married  in  Dayton,  that  State,  in  1858,  to 
Miss  Lavena  Hopkins.  He  was  engaged  in 
fanning  there  until  1802,  when  he  came  to  Ore- 
gon, making  the  journiiy  overland.  There  were 
about   150  wagoiia   in  !;he   train,  mid   he  watj 


1118 


nisTonr  of  ohegun. 


elected  captain  of  tlu'  company.  Tlirougli  tlio 
Indian  country  tliey  were  Cfcortcd  by  a  coni- 
panv  of  llnitt'(l  States  cavalry,  coinnianiled  by 
Captain  ("rawtord.  Mr.  I.ainb  came  in  l)y  the 
Colnmbia  riviM',  first  located  at  ('ti])c  Horn,  and 
snbse(iuently  removed  to  CMacl\anni8  county, 
wliere  lie  lias  a  t'arin  of  'iOO  acres,  on  wliicli  lie 
is  still  liviiifj.  lie  is  now  eighty-two  years  of 
age. 

His  mother  dying,  the  subject  of  our  sketch 
was  taken  when  an  infant  and  reared  by  Thomas 
Mncknian,  a  farmer  of  C'lackanias  county.  In 
1885,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  engaged  with  his 
brother  Henry,  in  the  dairy  business  at  Sauvais 
island,  and  remained  there  one  year.  He  then 
sold  out  and  took  a  course  in  the  Portland  Busi- 
ness College,  after  which  he  started  a  retail 
grocery  on  Ninth  and  L  streets.  East  Portland. 
A  few  montiis  later  he  purchased  the  New  Deal 
(irocery,  on  Fourth  street,  which  he  continued 
one  year.  In  November,  1888,  he  entered  the 
employ  of  Mitchell  &  Lewis,  of  i'ortland,  and 
after  eleven  months  in  their  wari'house,  was 
placed  in  charge  of  their  agency  at  Albany, 
llere  they  have  a  salesroom,  44  x  103  feet,  and 
warehouse,  15(5  x  80  \et,  and  carry  a  large  line 
of  wagons,  buggies,  agricultural  implements 
and  farm  machinery.  Mr.  Lamb  is  an  active  and 
enterprising  young  business  man,  and  as  mana- 
ger of  this  establishment,  has  attained  a  degree 
of  success  that  is  highly  satisfactory  to  his 
employers. 

December  25,  1885,  in  Clackamas  county, 
Mr.  Lamb  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss 
Estella  Howard,  a  native  of  Ohio.  They  have 
two  children:   Klla  and  l^ertha. 

Mr.  Lamb  joined  Linn  Fire  Engine  Company, 
No.  2,  in  June,  188!l.  lie  has  tilled  the  ofHces 
of  assistant  foreman  and  foreinaii,  and  in  De- 
cember. 1891,  was  elected  assistant  chief,  which 
(irtice  he  now  holds.  He  is  a  inember  of  the 
1.  O.  (.).  F.  and  the  Encampment. 

— ^^^M^W^ — 

tARItlSON  R.  KIXCATI),  proprietor  of 
the  Oregon  State  Journal,  published  at 
Eugene,  was  born  in  Miulison  county,  In- 
diana, January  3,  188t).  His  father,  Thomas 
Kincaid,  of  Scotch  ancestry,  was  a  native  of 
Virginia,  but  eiiiigrated  with  his  jiarents  to  In- 
diana ill  1817,  ami  settled  on  l''all  creek,  eight- 
een   miles  iiortliei^st    of    Indianapolis,  and    re- 


claiming farms  froiii  the  timber,  cultivated  the 
soil  for  many  years.  He  was  married  in  1831 
to  Miss  Xaiicy  Chadrick,  of  Ohio.  She  was  of 
German-. Vinerican  parentage.  lieinaining  upon 
their  farm  until  1844,  they  then  set  forth  in  a 
two-horse  wagon  to  tind  u  milder  cHmato,  jiass- 
ing  the  winter  in  Iowa,  in  the  spring  of  1845 
they  started  for  Te.xas.  As  they  journeyed 
through  the  western  boundary  of  Arkansas  they 
met  many  emigrants  returning,  who  gave  Te.xas 
a  bad  name.  This  changed  their  plans  and 
they  started  for  home  and  spent  the  winter  at 
St.  Francis  river,  on  the  main  road  leading  from 
Tennessee  to  Te.xas,  along  which  great  numbers 
of  slaves  were  being  driven  westward,  lioing 
opposed  to  slavery  they  decided  to  return  to  the 
free  States,  so  by  wagon  and  river  steamer  they 
returned  to  their  old  home  in  Indiana,  having 
been  absent  nearly  two  years  and  traveled  about 
3,000 miles.  In  1853  they  started  for  Oregon,  the 
family  comjwsed  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kincaid  and 
five  children.  They  had  two  wagons  for  trans- 
portation, one  of  them  being  two-horse  and  the 
other  drawn  by  oxen.  The  trip  was  laborious 
and  severe,  but  with  no  unusual  hardships,  they 
landed  at  Foster's  September  29.  They  con- 
tinned  up  the  "Willamette  valley  until  they  came 
to  Eugene,  which  then  contained  about  three 
houses.  They  located  a  donation  claim  three 
miles  southeast  of  Eugene  and  there  resided  un- 
til 1800,  when  they  removed  to  Eugene,  which 
has  been  their  home. 

Harrison  !{.,  the  first-born  of  the  family, 
crossed  the  j)lain8  with  his  parents,  walking 
nearly  the  entire  distance  while  driving  the  ox 
team.  Locating  with  his  parents  in  Lane  coun- 
ty, the  first  two  years  were  passed  in  splitting 
rails.and  building  fence.  In  the  spring  of  1855 
he  W(>nt  to  the  mines  in  southern  Oregon,  but 
with  the  breaking  out  of  the  Indian  war,  con- 
tinued to  Crescent  City,  and  there  engaged  in 
such  work  as  offered,  splitting  rails,  chopping 
wood,  teaming  etc.,  until  the  fall  of  1857,  when 
he  went  to  San  Francisco,  and  by  steamer  re- 
turned to  his  home  in  Lane  county.  He  then 
worked  on  the  home  place  at  cutting  and  haul- 
ing saw-logs,  an.l  infting  them  to  Eugene  city 
to  make  lumber  for  a  liouse  which  he  built  in 
1859,  and  into  which  the  family  moved  in  1800. 
In  1859-"tiO  he  attended  Columbia  College  in 
the  class  with  Joaquin  Miller,  \V.  H.  Byers,  J. 
I).  Miitlock  and  others.  In  the  summer  of  18f50 
he  worked  in  the  office  of  the  People's  Press,  a 
Republican  paper  published  in  |£ugene  city,  by 


UISTORY    OF    OllEOOX. 


111!) 


Joel    Ware.     In    18r)2-'ti;j    he  was  printer  and 

r art  of  the  time  editor  of  tlie  State  Uepublicau. 
n  1864  lio  woriied  on  a  weekly  paper  called 
the  I'nion  ("riisader,  whieh  he  and  others  siib- 
8e(juently  purchased,  ami  finally  March  12.  IHti-i, 
in  j)artnersliip  with  Joel  Ware,  he  founded  at 
Knirene  (Jity  the  Oregon  Stati!  Joui'iial.  The 
partnership  continued  for  one  year,  and  ainee 
then  Mr.  Kincaid  haa  been  sole  editor.  His 
paper  has  always  been  the  advocate  of  Itepiibli- 
ean  principles  and  he  has  frequently  represented 
liis  party  in  County,  State  and  ^fational  Con- 
ventions. In  February,  1869,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  clerks  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States,  and  served  in  that  position  continuously 
until  .lune  11,  1879,  when  the  DiMuocrats 
chanii;ed  the  officers  of  the  Senate. 

He  was  married  in  Macoinb  county,  Michi- 
gan, SBpteini)or  20,  1873,  to  Miss  Augusta 
Lookwood,  and  they  have  oii'j  child,  Webster 
Kincaid. 


-^tm^'^^ 


^ANIEL  II.  KIUK,  one  of  the  s\iccessful 
young  farmersof  rmatilla  county.  Oregon, 
now  claims  the  attention  of  the  biograplier. 
He  was  born  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Ivawrence 
river,  at  Ontario,  March  11,  1861.  His  father 
was  Robert  Kirk,  who  was  born  in  Fifeshire, 
Scotland,  in  1818,  and  carae  to  Canada  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  years  with  his  his  parents.  Aft- 
er reaching  maturity  he  married  Miss  Janette 
Atkins,  also  a  native  of  Scotland,  in  1820,  who 
came  to  Canada  with  her  parents  when  quite 
small.  After  marriage  Mr.  Kirk  began  life  as 
a  I'arnier  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  in 
the  heavy  timber  of  that  country.  lie  there 
cleared  a  spot,  built  a  eai)in  with  puncheon  floor 
and  into  that  rude  home  he  and  his  bride  moved, 
and  there  they  lived  until  the  death  of  the 
father,  in  1870,  at  the  age  of  fifty-two. 

Mr.  Kirk  was  an  industrious  man  and  worked 
hard  until  he  had  won  a  line  farm  from  the 
wilderness.  He  had  made  everything  coinfort- 
(ible  around  him  with  the  thrift  of  his  race,  but- 
^vas  called  from  earth  in  the  prime  of  lite.  His 
friends  deeply  mourned  li'm  as  a  good  husband 
»nd  father,  and  one  of  the  kindest  and  best  of 
neighbors:  The  mother  survived  him  until 
J88t),  when  she  died  in  Oregon,  at  the  home  of 
her  son,  at  the  age  of  sixty-six  years. 


Daniel  attended  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  country  until  he  was  nimttcon  years  of 
age.  At  that  time  an  older  brother  canu-  to  the 
old  home  on  a  visit  to  his  mother  and  relatives, 
and  Daniel  listened  to  the  tales  of  this  brother 
of  the  great  Northwest,  and  gladly acconi|)anied 
him  on  his  return  to  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, lie  reached  there  in  1880  with  just  SI. 50 
in  money,  and  then  looked  about  for  a  |)laco  to 
work.  He  understood  farming,  and  there  hired 
as  a  farm  hand  and  worked  for  two  years. 

Our  subject  then  came  to  Umatilla  county  and 
took  up  a  1  race  of  160  acres,  which  he  commencc^d 
to  improve  and  farm  for  himself.  After  ho  had 
secured  that  place,  he  then  took  up  a  half-sec- 
tion, making  his  farm  4:80  acres,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  improve  and  cultivate.  Conse(]ueiitly, 
at  the  present  time,  our  subject  has  a  fine  farm 
under  the  best  cultivation,  in  which  he  takes  the 
greatest  pride,  and  he  is  considered  one  of  the 
best  farmers  in  his  neighborhood.  Hi'  has  two 
good  residences  on  his  land,  which  he  rents  to 
his  temints,  and  has  a  fine  herd  of  horses,  which 
he  takes  great  pains  to  continually  improve. 
His  wheat  crop  averages  6,000  bushels  yearly. 

When  our  subject  decided  that  fortune  was 
smiling  he  took  to  himself  a  wife  in  tlu^  person 
of  Miss  Gertrude  C.  Gordon,  who  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania,  in  1857,  and  who  came  AVest  with 
her  parents  iu  1864.  The  name  of  her  father 
was  O.  L.  Gordon  and  her  mother's  name  was 
Abigail.  Mr.  Kirk  was  forced  to  part  with  his 
beloved  wife  after  four  years  of  happiness,  but 
she  left  him  a  son,  Ilarland.  Politically,  our  sub- 
ject is  a  Democrat,and  in  June,18'.l2,  hewasinado 
Sheriff  of  Umatilla  county.  He  is  sure  to  make 
a  good  ofHcer,  for  he  has  shown  so  much  ability 
and  good  management  in  the  affairs  of  his  own 
career  that  he  will  do  his  duty  by  his  constit- 
uents. No  man  in  Umatilla  county  can  show 
a  better  record  from  as  small  a  beginning  than 
our  subject. 


AIUIEN  MERCHANT,  a  prominent 
farmer  of  Nortii  Yam  Hill,  and  a 
native  son  of  Oregon,  was  born  on  his 
father's  donation  claim,  on  the  7th  of  June, 
1848,  and  still  resides  on  the  land  obtained  by 
his  father  from  the  Government  in  1847.  Of 
his  father  and  family  mention  will  be  found  in 
the  sketch  of  William  Merchant,  m  this  book, 


1180 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON . 


:  }A 

ait 

Hi 


i.l 


iM.; 

III 


The  subject  of  our  skutcli  wan  reared  on  the 
farm,  rcceiviiiir  his  iMlucatioii  in  the  little  locf 
sclioolhoiisc  diirinji  the  winter  terms,  and  work- 
ing on  the  farm  in  summer,  lie  was  thirteen 
wiien  his  fatliui'  died,  in  18(il.  and  lie  remained 
with  his  motiier  and  helped  to  eonduct  the  farm 
as  loii<r  as  siio  lived.  A\  hen  he  was  twenty-one 
he  marrieil  .Miss  Sarah  Ann  Langhiin,  a  native 
of  his  own  county,  and  a  dau<;Iiter  of  John 
Laughlin,  who  had  come  to  this  State  in  ISoO. 
At  the  death  of  his  mother  Mr.  Merchant  in- 
herited 160  acres  of  the  claim,  and  has  since 
iiurchascd  twenty  acres  more.  In  187()-'77  he 
built  his  present  coint'ortahle  residence  and  large 
barn,  and  has  continued  to  improve  his  prop- 
erty. Tills  jilace  is,  without  doubt,  one  of  the 
finest  locations  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Merchant  has  a  remarkable  family,  one 
that  probably  has  not  its  e(]ual  in  Oregon. 
Three  of  his  daughters  weigh  550  pounds,  and 
with  the  fourth  thev  oidy  lack  live  pounds  of 
weighing  800.  The  names  of  tlieir  children 
are  as  follows:  Ida,  Laura,  Lellaii,  Carrie  and 
I-ouis.  They  are  not  only  large,  but  are  also 
good-looking. 

In  politics  Mr.  Merchant  is  a  Republican. 
He  is  a  charter  and  active  member  of  the 
C4range,  -and  has  held  nearly  all  the  offices  in 
the  order.  He  h.^s  several  times  served  in  the 
office  of  constable.  On  his  farm  he  makes  a 
specialty  of  the  stock  business,  raising  fine  Dur- 
ham cattle  and  Shropshire  sheej),  and  other 
thoroughbred  stock.  F'or  three  years  ho  has 
had  a  meat  market  in  Portland,  and  in  this 
business  has  also  been  successful. 


IIMON  STERLIX(i  MARKHAM,  a  well 
and  favorably  knowri  citizen  of  Forest 
(trove,  and  one  of  the  liardy  pioneers  of 
Oregon,  having  made  his  a[)pearance  on  the 
wild  and  but  little  known  scene  of  this  common- 
wealth in  1848,  is  a  native  of  Athens,  Ohio, 
where  he  was  born  February  26,  1830.  His 
ancestors  came  from  England  in  the  early  settle- 
ment of  New  F^ngland.  His  father,  Jeptha 
Markhain,  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1783, 
and  lived  to  be  eighty-six  years  of  age.  '  He 
was  thrice  married,  and  w-a.s  the  father  of  fifteen 
children.  His  second  wif(^,  mother  of  our  sub- 
ject, had  nine  children.  She  was  a  Miss  Loviiia 
Vaughen,  a  native  of  Now  York, 


The  sid>j(^ct  of  our  sketch  accompanied  the 
family  to  Illinois  when  he  was  but  sLx  years  of 
age,  and  was  there  reared  and  educated,  learning 
the  trade  of  carpenter.  When  ho  was  a  young 
man  ho  was  engaged  for  some  time  in  teaching 
school. 

lie  was  married  oif  March  25,  184)!,  to  Miss 
Cynthia  Fry,  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  and  a 
daughter  of  Oliiey  Fry,  an  honored  Oregon 
|)ioneer  of  1840,  now  residing  in  Albany,  this 
State,  at  the  age  of  ninety  years.  Her  mother 
died  in  18()2. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Markham  have  had  eleven  chil- 
di'en,  five  of  whom  are  now  living.  Three  were 
born  in  Illinois,  and  accompanie<l  their  parents 
across  the  plains,  viz. :  Reuben  Henry,  Lyman 
Ferris  and  Francis  Marion.  Eight  children 
were  born  in  Oregon,  three  of  whom  are  living. 
Lyman  Ferris  is  married,  and  resides  in  Idaho; 
Francis  Marion  lives  in  Idaho,  and  has  a  wife 
and  si.x  cliildren;  Ja8j)er  Newton  resides  in 
Washington  county,  Oregon,  and  lias  a  wife 
and  seven  children;  Douglas  resides  in  Forest 
Grove  with  his  father  and  mother,  and  married 
the  widow  of  his  brother,  and  is  raising  his 
brother's  two  boys. 

Mr.  Markham  at  first  located  in  Marion 
county,  Oregon,  twelve  miles  east  of  Salem,  on 
a  donation  claim.  This  he  afterward  left  and 
purchased  a  claim  of  640  acres  in  Linn  county, 
where  he  went,  in  1850,  and  resided  there  for 
twenty  years,  improving  it  by  the  erection  of  a 
substantial  residence,  and  barns  for  his  grain 
and  stock,  besides  highly  cultivating  the  land, 
and  made  of  it  a  very  valuable  farm.  lie  then 
failed  in  grain  speculation,  and  had  to  sell  out 
to  pay  his  debts.  He  then  located  at  Gray's 
Harbor,  in  Washington,  and  made  a  new  start, 
where  he  remained  for  twenty  years  on  a  stock 
and  dairy  ranch,  in  which  enterprise  he  was 
eminently  snccessful.  In  1889  he  again  sold 
out,  realizing  a  handsome  profit,  and  then  re- 
tired from  active  business,  coming  to  Forest 
Grove  and  purchasing  a  pleasant  home  with 
attractive  grounds,  where  he  now  resides. 

When  but  sixteen  years  of  age  Mr.  Markham 
was  converted  and  joined  the  Methodist  Church, 
in  which  faith  he  remained  until  1875,  when, 
there  not  being  a  Methodist  Church  where  he 
lived,  and  liking  the  polity  of  the  (Congrega- 
tional Clinrch,  he  joined  it.  In  1872  he  was 
licensed  to  preach,  since  when  ho  has  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  grat.iitous  preaching  of  the 
unsearchable  ricjies  of  Christ,  taking  gr§at  de- 


ursronr  of  oniiaoN. 


usi 


liglit  ill  liis  \vorl< 


and  liin  efJ'oi'ts  beinj;  i;rc'fitly 
blessed  ot'GoJ,wlio  lins  made  liiiii  iiiBtriitnuntHi 
in  founding  inimy  ciiuiTlies  iind  bringing  mmiy 
souls  inti)  His  kingdom,  lie  bus  a  warm  and 
lovinij;  lieart  and  a  supremo  t'aitli  in  God  and 
His  word,  and  brings  to  his  work  all  tb(i  en- 
tliusiasm  of  an  ardent  nature,  to  whicb  Ids  mar- 
velous Bue(;e88  is  due,  as  his  entliusiasm  is 
contagious  and  never  fails  to  leave  a  deep  im- 
pression on  all  coming  in  contact  witli  tliis  truly- 
great  and  good  man.  While  in  Illinois  lie  at- 
tended the  Christian  Church  part  of  the  time, 
and  such  is  the  liberality  and  broadness  of  his 
faith  that  he  can  make  his  home  with  any 
orthodox  church.  lie  is  justly  proud  of  never 
having  ])olluted  bis  body  with  tobacco  or  whisky. 
Mrs.  Markhain  has  been  a  worthy  co-worker  in 
all  of  his  good  work,  contributing  by  her  sym- 
pathy and  lovi  ;g  encouragement  to  his  success, 
and  enjoys  the  affectionaate  regard  of  a  large 
circle,  of  friends.  If  spared  until  March  25, 
1893  they  will  celebrate  the  fiftieth  anniver- 
sary of  their  wedding  day,  an  occasion  on  which 
their  numerous  friends  will  vie  with  each  other 
in  wishing  them  joy  and  many  happy  returns 
of  the  day. 

In  politics  he  was  formerly  a  Douglas  Demo- 
crat, and  voted  for  (ieorge  13.  McClellan,  but 
since  then  adopted  the  tloctrines  held  by  the 
liepublican  party,  to  which  he  has  ever  since 
consistently  adhered. 

Thus  we  leave  him,  jiersevering  in  his  good 
work,  which  promises  to  sweep  over  the  com- 
munity like  a  blessed  flood,  eliminating  disbe- 
lief and  all  ungodliness,  while  the  seeds  of 
Christian  virtues  shall  lill  the  land  end  make  it 
blossom  like  the  rose. 

|EV.  SAMUEL  MATIIEW,  an  Oregon 
[lioneer  of  1852,  and  a  highly  respected 
superannuated  Methodist  minister  of  the 
Oregon  ('onference,  now  a  resident  of  Canby. 
Clackamas  county,  was  born  in  iVeston  county. 
West  Vir-iinia,  May  15,  1821.  He  is  of  Kn- 
glish  and  Welsh  ancestry.  Joseph  Mathew,  his 
father,  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1781;  was  a 
well-to-do  farmer,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
at  one  time  served  as  sheriff  of  his  county. 
He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Chris,  a  native  of 
his  own  State,  born  in  1785,  a  descendant  of 
German    ancestry.     They  reared    to    maturity 


eleven  children.  All  were  iiiiiriic  1.  and  it  is 
believed  that  Ave  of  them  are  still  living. 
Samuel  was  tlieii' t'i<rhtli  child.  He  was  educated 
in  Virginia. 

In  18-1-4  Mr.  Mathew  removed  to  Iowa,  whore, 
in  1850,  he  inarrii^d  Miss  Sarah  Fate,  u  native 
of  Ohio,  iiorn  January  20,  1827,  daughter  of 
(ieorge  and  Sarah  ((yarrel)  Kate.  In  18."j2.  with 
a  good  horse  team,  they  made  the  journev  HCross 
the  [Jains  to  Oregon.  They  wei'e  six  months 
en  route,  escaped  the  cholera,  and  u|)on  their 
safe  arrival  at  Vancouver,  they  settled  on  a 
donation  claim  of  359  acres.  Here  they  built 
a  rude  log  house  and  engaged  in  stock-raising, 
later  turning  their  attention  to  the  dairy  busi- 
ness. This  property  they  ownt'J,  ami  prospered 
for  twenty-four  years.  They  lived  on  it  ten 
years  and  rented  it  fourteen  years.  They  then 
sold  it,  and  in  1880  purchased  at  Canby  105  lots, 
a  part  of  which  property  Mr.  Mathew  has  de- 
voted to  orchard  and  nursery,  and  in  this  enter- 
prise be  has  been  remarkably  successful.  In  a 
single  year  ho  cleared  $4,000. 

Mr.  Mathew  was  converted  in  Virginia,  in 
1839,  under  the  preaching  of  old  l'"ather  Clieim, 
and  Mr.  Uegor,  the  minister  in  charge.  In 
1842  he  was  licensed  to  exhort,  and  in  1853  to 
preach.  He  then  traveled  one  year  under  the 
Presiding  Elder  on  the  St.  Helen's  circuit.  In 
185.J  he  joined  the  Oregon  Conference,  and  was 
appointed  to  the  Vancouver  circuit,  where  ho 
preached  two  years.  He  afterward  acceptably 
ministered  in  the  f(Jlowiiig  circuits;  Clear  cret  k, 
Scappoose,  Rock  creek,  Spencer's  ISuttc,  Kerby- 
ville,  Scottsburg,  Tualilin,  Lewis  lliver,  Cowlitz, 
and  Lewis  liiver  again.  Then  he  traveled  ten 
years  in  the  capacity  of  an  evangelist,  meeting 
with  grand  success,  thousands  of  |)eople  being 
brought  to  a  knowledge  of  the  truth  under  his 
ministry,  and  will,  we  trust,  be  stars  in  his 
crown  of  rejoicing  in  glory  when  th^i  good  old 
pioneer  preacher  shall  have  gone  to  h"s  reward, 
lie  was  8U])erannuated  in  lS80,  and  has  since 
turned  his  attention,  as  before  stated,  ,o  horti- 
cultural pursuits. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mathew  have  two  children,  a 
son  and  daughter.  The  former,  Morris  Snm- 
mertield  Mathew,  is  a  business  man  of  San 
Francisco.  The  daughter,  Ilattio  Newell,  is  the 
wife  of  James  A.  Matton,  and  has  eleven  chil- 
dren. They  reside  in  Whitman  county,  Wash- 
ington. 

Mr.  Mathew  has  been  a  strong  and  active  tem- 
perance worker,  and  made  himself,  by  voice  and 


tm 


irrsTonr  of  oheoon. 


mi': 


iiitluoiR'i',  II  power  iit  fill'  tiiiiL'  ol'  tlic  or<,'iuiix!i- 
tidti  of  till'  liejuiblicaii  piirty  ii^aiiist  oppri'sion, 
and  liiti^r,  in  i'livor  of  tlif  (iovernincnt  atul  of 
tlie  Union.  His  faithful  liulpniate  lias  aided 
liim  in  all  his  I'ti'orts  foi'ffood,  and  now  in  their 
old  aavi  they  are  nmkinii  liberal  donations  to  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions,  recently  liavinj;  sent 
$1,100  to  Alrii'a  and  !?400  to  Singapore,  India. 

Such  is  a  brief  history  of  a  wortliy  man  and 
woman,  who  have  devoted  all  their  lives  to  the 
Service  of  (iod  and  the  good  of  their  fellows. 
Ilesaysof  himself:  »Kor  the  last  thirty  years  of 
my  life.  1  have  had  a  constantly  increasing 
measure  of  the  spirit  and  grace  of  (iod,  with 
the  Abiding  (!omforter;  but  the  last  five  years 
I  have  had  a  wonderful  increase  of  the  know- 
leih'e  of  God,  and  His  loving  attributes;  and 
made  partaker  of  the  divine  nature  iu  a  large 
degree;  80  gloriously  baptized  every  day  by  the 
Holy  (tliost,  that  1  greatly  wonder  at  the  love 
of  Uod  poured  into  my  soul.  Truly  the  Lord 
is  doing  exceeding  abiunlantly  above  all  that  I 
ask  or  think,  according  to  the  power  that  work- 
eth  in  nie.  The  joy  of  the  Lord  with  inc  is  my 
strength,  and  it  is  a  literal  feeling,  very 
heavenly  and  divine.  I  wonder  at  such  a  state 
on  earth;  it  is  increasing  and  it  will  never  end. 
All  of  grace;  nothing  of  myself. 

"  1  am  opjiosed  tooath-bound  secret  societies." 

^.ON.  {'KNTMIUIA  KELLY,  a  favorably 
M\  known  public  man  of  Oregon,  and  a  pio- 
neer of  1848,  was  born  in  Marion  county, 
Kentucky,  in  1845.  He  is,  however,  by  educa- 
tion a  true  son  of  ( )ri'gon,  being  but  three 
years  of  age  when  lie  aceoinpanied  hi's  parents 
to  this  State.  (For  a  complete  sketch  of  his 
father.  Uev.  Clinton  Kelly,  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  the  sketch  of  Dr.  Richmond  Kelly, 
which  elsewhere  ajipears.)  Although  of  such  a 
tender  age  when  crossing  the  jilains,  he  retains 
vivid  impressions  of  that  long,  wearisome 
journey. 

His  early  eiliication  was  received  at  home, 
and  his  first  school  jirivileges  were  secured  at 
till'  old  log  sehoolhouse  of  Last  Portland,  now 
known  as  district  .No.  2.  Here  the  school  terms 
averaged  about  three  nionths.  and  the  teacher 
boarded  around  iiniong  the  various  families. 
Yonng  Kelly  spent  the  remaining  nine  months 
of  each  year  assisting  his  father  in  the  farm  and 


garden  work.  In  this  way  twenty- four  years  of 
his  life  passed.  He  then  engaged  in  logging  on 
the  Columbia  river,  in  whicli  business  he  con- 
tinued until  187~,  when  he  retired  to  liis  farm 
of  11)0  acres,  located  near  East  I'ortland,  where 
he  followed  general  fanning  and  the  cultivation 
of  a  variety  of  fruits. 

Although  leading  a  i|uiet  life,  yet  his  natural 
abilities  and  energy  of  character  made  a  deep 
impression  on  his  fellow-men,  who  e!ri|ilia9ized 
their  regard  by  electing  him  a  member  of  the 
House  of  He|)reBentative8,  from  Multnomah 
county,  on  the  Republican  ticket.  In  this 
capacity  he  exhibiteil  excellent  judgment,  great 
ability  in  debate,  a  desire  to  serve  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  jieople  and  incorruptible  integrity. 
In  187()  he  was  elected  County  C/Ominissioner, 
in  which  capacity  his  experience  was  but  a  rejie- 
tition  of  that  i-ealized  in  his  former  public  otHce. 
He  was  aijain  elected  to  the  Leirislatnre  in  1878, 
and  was  re-elected  to  that  ottico  in  18S0  and 
1882.  On  completing  his  term  of  office  lie  re- 
tireil  to  his  farm,  where  he  resided  until  1888, 
when  he  sold  his  property  and  removed  to  i'ort- 
land.  to  aca'pt  the  office  of  Sheriff  of  ^[ultnomah 
county,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  June  of  that 
year,  and  to  which   ho  was  re-elected  in  l8!Ht. 

On  September  30,  1875.  Mr.  ivelly  was  mar- 
ried, near  Portland,  to  Miss  Mary  K.  Maniuam, 
a  highly  resj)ec'ted  lady,  a  nati.  -of  Oregon,  and 
a  daughter  of  Judge  P.  A.  Mar(|uam,  who  was 
an  ( )regon  pioneer  of  1851,  and  now  a  successful 
busiiu'ss  man  of  Poitland.  To  tin's  union  hive 
been  born  three  children:  Mary  Agnes,  Samuel 
Ralph  and  Sarah  ^[al(lon. 

Socially,  Mr.  Kelly  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  F.  &  A.  M.,  Knight  Tenijilars,  L  O.  O.  F., 
A.  O.  r.  W.,  J?.  P.  O.  E.  an<l  Knights  of 
Pythias. 

The  Secret  of  Jfr.  Kelly's  success  and  ]>op- 
ularity  appears  to  be  his  fixed  principles  of  in- 
tegrity, industry  and  courtesy,  the  practice  of 
which  have  gained  for  him  the  favorable  '.egurd 
of  the  people  he  so  faithfully  serves. 


fl).  KELSEY,  (Japtain  of  Company  A, 
First  Hegimeiit,  Oregon  National  (tuard, 
»  and  a  promising  young  lawyer  of  Port- 
land, is  deserving  of  biographical  mention  on  the 
pages  of  this  work. 


tiTsrour  Oh'  oiikgon. 


1I2H 


Mr.  Kulncy  wap  bom  in  ('uliiiiilins,  Oliio. 
ill  186t>.  IJis  ffttlitT,  Ivt'x,  I,.  Kelney,  II  iiutivu 
of  Vermont,  wiis  iin  curly  resi  lent  of  Colnmlnis. 
where  lie  lieeaiiio  pastor  of  thu  Coni^regatioiial 
Cliiircli.  IIo  was  iiiarried  in  (  ■oIiiimIjii-.  to  Misu 
Mary  Duncan,  of  Kentucky.  lie  continiiuil  IiIh 
pastorate  in  tl.at  city  nntii  1885,  when  he  caiiie 
with  his  family  to  Portland.  In  this  vicinity  hu 
iiiiiiisteicil  to  the  spiriliml  wants  of  the  people 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1889.  His  widow 
and  .-"ix  children  survive  him,  F.  1),  Kelsey  be- 
iiij.;;  the  youngest  of  the  family. 

lie  received  his  early  education  in  columbus, 
and  subseijiiently  attended  ivnox  Colleire,  at 
(hilesl)iir^,  niiiiois,  where  hef^radimted  in  1888. 
Jle  then  followed  his  parents  to  the  i'acitic  coast, 
stopping  six  months  in  Spokane  Falls  before 
coinini^  to  I'ortland.  In  this  city  ho  entered 
the  otttce  of  Judge  Kaleigh  Stott.  under  whose 
direction  he  pursued  his  legal  studies  at  the 
law  department  of  the  I'niversity  of  Oregon, 
lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  spring  of 
18!)0,  and  the  following  year  he  .-pent,  in  the 
office  of  Messr.^.  Wood  iV  Smith,  at  Ilelenii, 
Montaiiii.  Keturning  to  Portland  in  the  spring 
of  1891,  ho  coiniiienced  the  practice  of  law,  and 
ill  I)ecember  following  entere<l  into  partnership 
with  A.  ('.  Denpree,  which  jiartiiership  is  still 
continued. 

Mr.  Keleey's  military  life  commenced  at 
Columbus,  in  1881,  when  he  became  a  member 
of  the  JJriun  and  Fife  Corps  of  Company  I', 
Fourteenth  Kegiment,  Ohio  National  Guard. 
After  two  years  ho  entered  the  ranks  of  Coin- 
piiny  R,  in  which  he  served  liveyi'ars.  He  saw 
Bomo  active  practice   in  the  Cincinnati  riot  of 

1884,  and  in  the  Hocking  Valley  cotil  stiiko  of 

1885.  He  was  discharged  in  1886.  That  year 
he  re-enlisted  at  Gaiesbiirg,  in  Company  C, 
Sixth  Illinois  National  (riiard,  and  remained 
with  that  company  until  coming  to  the  I'acitic 
coE^t.  In  April,  1889,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
A,  First  Regiment,  Oregon  National  Guard; 
in  July  following  was  made  Quartermaster- 
S<>rgeaiit,  and  in  October  Second-ljieiitenant. 
Upon  the  reorganization  of  Company  A,  in  June, 
1890,  he  was  elected  First-Lieutenant,  and  in 
Jnne,  1891,  was  elected  Captain.  The  nucleus 
of  this  company  was  organized  in  181)2,  a?  Com- 
pany 13,  Washington  Guards,  S.  (!.  Mills,  Cap- 
tain. During  the  war  the  company  did  volun- 
teer Service,  guarding  forts  and  Indian  reserva- 
tions, the  regular  forces  being  withdrawn.  In 
186tS  they  assumed  the  letter  A,  which  has  con- 


tinued the  letter  of  the  company,  rpmi  tliu 
death  of  ( 'a|)taiii  Mills,  in  l87iJ,  Horatio  Cook 
was  elected  to  the  vacancy  and  tillt'il  the  oflice 
until  1887,  when  the  company  was  made  a  |i!irt 
of  the  First  liegiment,  and  A.  ,1.  Southerlaiid 
was  elected  Captain.  This  was  followed  by  fre- 
(|ueiit  changes,  and  such  dissatisfaction  that  the 
company  broke  up.  This  was  in  June,  18i)(t. 
It  was  soon  afterward  reorganized,  with  H.  11. 
.Vldenas  as  (Japtaiii,  he  Iteing  succeeded  in  June, 
ls91,  by  (!aptaiii  Kelsey.  The  company  now  • 
numbers  forty  members  and  shows  great  proti- 
cieiicy  ill  drill  iiiidei'  the  new  tactics.  A  sense 
of  satisfaction  and  li.'irmony  pervades  the  com- 
pany, and  with  energy  and  pciseverance  they 
are  iiusliiiiij;  forward  to  a  hiidi  staiidinif  in  drill 
and  excellency  of  de[)ortmeiit. 

^-i?^-^ — - 

fOlIN  CJHARLFS  JOHNSON,  a  represen. 
tative  citizen  of  Marion  county,  ( Iregoii,  has 
been  a  resident  of  tin'  I'acitic  coast  from 
childhood,  and  since  arriving  at  mature  years 
has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  agri- 
cultural interests  of  this  section.  He  is  a  native 
of  Illinois,  born  May  29,  18-12,  and  at  the  ago 
of  five  years  was  brought  with  his  father's  fam- 
ily across  the  plains  to  this  State.  (See  sketch  of 
Hiram  \.  Jtibnsun.)  He  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  Jefferson,  and  was  reared 
to  the  occiiiiation  of  n  farmer.  When  he  came 
of  ago  his  father  gave  him  160  acres  of  land; 
four  years  he  devoted  to  the  cultivation  and  im- 
provement of  this  tract,  and  then  disposed  ot 
the  farm.  He  afterward  purchased  9(10  acres 
of  land  in  Linn  county,  j.nd  after  four  years 
spent  in  placing  this  under  cultivation,  he  sold 
it  and  embarked  in  mercantile  trade  at  Scio, 
Linn  CMiiiity. 

He  formed  a  partnership  with  J.  C.  Brown, 
and  they  did  a  successful  business  until  1890, 
when  Mr.  Johnson  sold  his  interest,  and  eamo 
to  Salem.  He  investeil  in  city  and  country 
property,  and  engaged  in  real-estate  transactions 
on  his  own  account.  He  has  boon  very  fortunate 
in  his  operations,  and  has  become  possessed  of 
much  valuable  property. 

He  was  married  in  186;J  to  Miss  V^ioletGiin- 
sanles,  a  native  of  Illinois,  but  a  resident  of 
Oregon  since  1853.  They  have  had  born  to 
them  a  family  of  seven  children,  five  of  whom 
arc  living;   Lizzie,  wife  of  John  Daniel;  Archie 


na-t 


nisTonr  of  uuEdON. 


!  € 


:  I-  ;• 


i-r 


.(.,  will!  iinirrieil  Miss  1,,  Voiiiij;;  Kttic  A..  \vi('(» 
III' il.  Siiii|)giin;  N'ii'i^il  itiiil  Ia^Ih  Ht  Ikiiiic. 

Mr.  floliiirtdti  cast  liiH  tirst  pi'esideiitiiil  vott« 
for  Abrnlmiii  Mticolii,  iiiul  1ms  since  lieeii  a 
iiu'ml)nr  of  the  KopiiMicaii  |mrty,  lioiiij;  activu 
iiiul  ftHciciit  scivicc;  he  liiis  Imen  a  delegate  to 
iniiiiy  ccnivciitiMiis,  and  while  a  eiti/en  of  Scii) 
was  twice  I'leeted  Mayor  of  that  city.  In  IS'.K) 
ho  was  elected  ii  nicinlier  of  theX'ity  (Jonncil  of 
Salem.  lie  is  a  ineintier  of  the  \.  O.  IJ.  W. 
and  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  lieloiigini;  hotli 
to  the  blue  lodij;e  and  chapter  or  the  latter  order, 
lie  is  a  man  of  excellent  business  jn(li;;ineMt,and 
by  cneri^y  and  perseverance  has  adiievetl  suc- 
cess in  all  his  undertakini;s. 


■"^V 


y^i.^^i^ 


fllOMAS  J  . .!( )I1  NST(3N.  233  First  street. 
Portland,   Oregon,  has    for    thirty    years 
been  connected  with  the   plumbing  inter- 
ests of  this  city.     Of  his  life  the  foUowinji;  facts 
have  been  gleaned: 

Thomas  .[..Johnston  was  born  in  liirminghain, 
Kni^land,  in  ls-i3.  of  ICnglish  parentajre.  His 
fatlier,  Samuel  .lohnston,  was  a  business  num  of 
that  city.  Thomas  J.  was  primarily  educated 
at  the  KdgeliisteTi  School  of  iJirminghani,  and  at 
the  age  of  ten  was  apprenticeil  for  five  years 
with  VVinfield  k,  Son,  prominent  manufacturers 
of  brass  goods  and  jjhimbers'  sujiplies,  employ- 
ing ."),(IU()  hands  in  their  extensive  establish- 
ment. While  leai'uing  his  trade,  young  John- 
ston attenilcd  the  night  schools,  and  thus  secured 
a  good  business  education.  In  1857  he  was 
one  of  fifty  picked  men  to  engage  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  northern  boundary  between 
the  I'niteil  States  nnii  British  Columbia.  This 
work  was  accompanied  by  many  dangers  inci- 
dent to  travel  through  a  wild  country  infested 
with  Indians;  but,  in  connection  witli  tlie  United 
States  corps  and  the  nccessaiy  laborers,  the  party 
numbered  about  250  men,  and,  tieing  well  armed 
and  ecjuipped,  met  with  little  trouble  from  the 
red  men.  Mr.  JolinstonV  duty  on  this  expedi- 
tion was  to  care  for  the  instruments,  guns  and 
implements,  keeping  all  in  ])roper  order.  Tlio 
English  party  was  in  charge  of  Colonel  Hawkins, 
aided  by  (Captains  I'^gg  and  Darrow  as  astronc  - 
mers.  The  survey  extended  from  San  Juan 
island  on  the  Pacific  coast  to  the  Red  river 
country,  wdiere  they  met  the  Eastern  surveyors. 
After  three  years  engaged  in  this  service,  Mr. 


Johnston  came  to  i'orthind,  and  was  employed 
as  journeyman  in  the  plumbing  shop  of  C'.  II. 
Myers,  wiu're  he  workeil  six  years,  In  .lanuary, 
lMi7,  ho  opened  u  shop  and  began  business  tor 
hiniaelt'.  .Miuut  1871  lie  formed  n  co)nrtner- 
shi|)  with  II.  M.  Ilolden,  which  contin  ic  I  for 
live  years.  .Mr.  Ilolden  then  withdrew  and  Mr. 
.lohnston  was  alone  until  1888,  when  the  present 
copartnership  of  Johnston  Ac  Lawrence  was 
established.  They  aro  located  at  232  First  street 
and  occupy  a  salesroom,  25  x  IIM)  feet,  with  a 
shop  in  the  rear.  40x40  feet,  opening  on  Main 
street.  The  entire  basement  of  this  buihlin;'  is 
used  for  storage  purposes.  I'eing  skilled  in 
every  department  of  the  plumbing  business,  suc- 
cess luis  always  attendeil  Mr.  Johnston  i;i  his 
labors.  Among  his  early  important  contrii"ts 
were  the  gas  and  steam  tittings  (d'  th.'  '^'  '  'd 
States  custom  house  and  post  otHce  of  i  ort- 
land.  Mr.  .Johnston  and  his  two  sons  doin<;  all 
the  work,  lie  now  employs  on  an  average  lifteen 
lian<ls  and  secures  many  of  the  larger  contracts 
in  th(^  fitting  and  jdumbingof  the  modein  build- 
ings, lie  carries  a  largo  stock  of  chandeliers, 
steam  pumps  and  all  plumbers'  supplies. 

Mr.  Johnston  was  n.arried  in  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, in  July,  181)8,  to  Miss  Mary  Wilson,  a  na- 
tive of  .New  York.  They  have  seven  children: 
Harriet,  I'anny  15.,  William,  Janu's,  Arthur  I).. 
( 'arrie  and  Mildred.  He  has  recently  completed 
an  attractive  and  commodious  residiMice  at  the 
(Muner  of  Twenty-eighth  and  and  Ualeigh  streets, 
and  also  owns  other  valuable  proj)erty. 

Politically.  Mr.  .lohnston  is  a  Republican, 
lie  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason  and  an  Od<l  I'Ydlow, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Veterati  Volunteer 
and  Exemjit  Firemen's  Association,  having 
served  eighteen  years  in  the  volunteer  tiro 
ilepartment,  tilling  the  otlices  of  iirst  assistant, 
foreman  and  assistant  chief. 


tAKRV  KRIl'.S,  of  Adams,  Umatilla 
county,  Oregon,  sixth  child  of  Harry  and 
Katrina  Kribs,  born  in  (lermany.  May  24, 
1835,  left  homo  at  the  age  of  fourteen  and  ar- 
rived in  New  ^'ork  in  184'.t.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  (Jermany,  aiul  are  both  dead,  the 
motlijir  dying  in  1877  and  the  father  in  1^79. 
( >ur  subject  led  a  roving  life  for  numy  years. 
Ho  began  as  a  sailor,  his  first  voyage  being  made 
in  1849  across  the  Atlantic  to  N'ew  Vork.  which 


IllliTOtiY    OF   OREnoff. 


iiai 


ho  rfiiclu'(l  .  ill  Si'|it(iinlii'r;  tlioiicc  to  lj\(<r|)iiiil 
and  rctiirti;  tliuii  lo  (iilil'uriiiii  via  CJapi'  Horn, 
ri'iicliinj^  tiiiU  country  in  l.SoO;  tlu-ii  four  years 
was  uinployetl  in  lif^literiiif^  larffc  8lii|irt  entering 
tliu  liarl)or;  then  to  Ilmiiiioldt  bay,  wliero  lie 
HJiipped  n«  secoiui-iiiatii  on  a  harge  fruigliting 
luinliur  to  San  FriiiKMHco. 

In  till'  year  185t)  lie  f-iii|i])0(l  as  a  sailor  on  a 
Bailing  ship,  lioiind  for  Australia,  being  absent 
fifteen  months,  returning  by  way  of  a  niiinbcr 
of  foreign  ports.  On  his  return,  in  1858,  hu 
worked  for  some  time  in  a  waicliouse  in  San 
Francisco;  then  went  to  British  Columbia,  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  g(dd  excitement  there; 
Worked  in  the  mines  one  year,  ami  was  then 
employed  by  the  liomidary  Survey  Coinpaiiy,  en- 
gaged in  determining  tlic  bounilary  between 
('anada  ami  the  I'liited  States.  In  the  follow- 
ing year,  IHoit,  ho  came  to  Oregon,  locating  at 
the  I)alles  and  running  a  stock  ranch  and  a  pack 
train  and  teams  across  the  muuntains. 

This  business  he  sold  out  in  18(i4,  and,  going 
to  Walla  Walla,  accepted  a  position  as  clerk  in 
the  store  of  Snoberg  Uros.,  continuing  with 
that  firm  eight  years.  Then  he  came  lo  I'ma- 
tilla,  having  decided  to  inaktMi  jierinanent  home, 
and  took  up  a  (daim  fd'  100  acres  near  th"  little 
town  of  Adams,  to  which  he  has  since  added, 
from  time  to  time,  until  now  he  has  a  well  im- 
proved and  prospering  farm  of  (500  acres, devoted 
chiefly  to  grain-growing. 

Mr.  Kribs  is  an  earnest,  intelligent  iitid  pro- 
gree.sive  farmer,  who  keeps  all  his  land  under 
cultivation,  and  raises  large  crops  of  wheat,  his 
average  annual  yield  being  from  7,000  to  8,000 
bushels;  but  one  year  he  had  a  erop  of  12,000 
bushels,  lie  has  a  herd  of  line  thoroughbred 
Ilolstein  cattle,  in  which  he  takes  great  jiride. 

Our  subject  was  married  in  ISfi-t  to  Miss 
Florence  Moore,  a  native  of  Xew  York,  who 
came  to  Oregon  across  the  plains  in  istlij.  She 
bore  her  husband  two  sons:  William  and  Edward. 
After  living  happily  with  her  luisband  twenty- 
one  years  death  called  her  from  earth.  Mr. 
Kribs  was  again  married,  his  choice  being  Miss 
Hattie  I'oyd,  a  native  of  Oregon. 

Mr.  Kribs  has  liad  no  little  experience  in  In- 
dian warfare,  having  been  in  the  outbreak  in 
British  Columbia  in  1858  and  the  Umntilla  war 
in  1878.  in  the  latter  trouble  he  was  in  the 
saddle  nine  days  and  nights,  trying  to  save  his 
own  family  and  to  rescue  others  that  were  in 
peril. 


(hir  siibiict  left  his  native  home  jienniless, 
but  by  diligence  has  amassed  a  suHiuieiicy  to 
meet  all  the  demands  of  his  life,  however  long 
it  may  be  protracted.  The  life  of  a  sailor  is  full 
of  tem|itations,  yet  Mr.  Kribs  escaped  all  pitfalls, 
and  there  is  not  in  all  Umatilla  cdunty  a  man 
who  is  respiH'ted  more  highly  than  he  for  >trict 
honoBty  and  fur  correct  li\iiig  in  all  things. 


f^f«-.>E=|«i--rt^.4-84€-| 


fAMES  W.  E.\l)V,oneof  Yam  Hill  county's 
pro8|)eroiis  iarmers  and  honored  pioneers, 
dates  his  arrival  in  Oregon  in  1853.  He 
was  born  in  'renucssce,  ( )ctober  (J,  18;{2,  son  of 
W.  (i.  and  Sarah  (liewlcy)  Lady,  both  natives 
of  Tennessee.  The  family  nioveil  to  AHssouri  in 
1812,  and  in  ISoii  came  overland  to  Oregon. 
\V.  (1.  l..ady  and  his  brother,  .Joseph,  made  the 
journey  together,  bringing  their  wive,-  and  chil- 
dren, tile  former  lui\  ing  nine  children  and  the 
latter  live.  Their  wagons  were  drawn  by  o.\ 
teams,  and  after  beiuir  six  months  on  the  road 
they  landed  safe  at  Foster's.  They  wintereil  at 
Salem  and  the  •following  8|)ring  located  on  the 
father's  donation  claim,  a  tract  of  320  acres. 
Here  W.  G.  Lady  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  and 
die<l,  his  death  occurring  in  1807,  in  the  si.xty- 
si.xtli  year  of  his  age.  His  wife  passed  away  in 
18S>1,  aged  eighty  years.  They  were  honest, 
industrious  people,  were  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist ("linrch,  and  led  consistent  (Christian  lives. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  iwenty-one 
when  he  landed  in  Oregon.  He  took  up  a  quar- 
ter-section of  land  near  his  father, and  "bached  '' 
on  it  two  years.  lebruary  12,  1857,  he  married 
Miss  Sarah  Wood.  She  was  born  in  east  Ten- 
nessee, October  12,  1840,  daughter  of  . I ohn  P. 
and  Amy  (Witt)  Wood.  Her  father  was  a  na- 
tive of  South  Carolina.  With  his  wife  and  five 
children  he  crossed  the  plains  in  1847,  and  this 
journey  ^Irs.  Lady  well  remenibeis  although  a 
mere  child  then.  They  arrived  in  Oregon  in 
October,  spent  the  winter  at  Dr.  Whitman's,  and 
in  the  spring  took  a  donation  claim  of  G40  acres, 
located  three  miles  west  of  where  Sheiidan  now 
is.  On  this  claim,  a  most  beautiful  tract  of 
land,  they  located  in  184'J.  In  1859  her  father 
retired  to  McMinnville,  where  he  spent  his  clos- 
ing years,  and  died  in  1878.  His  wife  had  died 
in  1852.  They  were  highly  respected  people 
and  members  of  the  Baptist  Church. 


Ui6 


n/fiTonr  of  unmaoK 


Mr.  ami  Airs,  f.aily  lived  on  tlieir  claim  two 
years,  and  tiien  pure!.a>od  a  part  of  lier  I'atlier's 
farm,  on  which  thev  liavo  since  made  tiieir  iiome. 
This  they  have  developed  into  one  of  tiie  most 
beautiful  rural  places  in  the  county.  Their 
attractive  residence  they  built  in  1S7~,  and  from 
time  to  time  have  made  other  iiiiproveirients. 
Their  te;i  children  are  all  liviiij;,  and  are  as  fol- 
lows: John,  who  is  married  and  resides  in  Sheri- 
dan; Marion,  wlm  is  married  and  livinjr  on  his 
l'atiiei'"g  donation  claim;  Leander,  who  is  married 
a. id  settled  at  Willamina,  Mary  C,  wife  of 
"iVilliam  Savage,  lives  near  Willamina;  -laspcr, 
■.vlio  is  married  and  lives  at  Grande  Itonde; 
Leona,  wife  of  William  (iwinn.  resides  in  Sheri- 
dan; and  laylor,  Susie,  Ileniy  and  C^allie,  at 
home  with  their  parents.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  l.,ady 
l)"ve  eiij;hteen  grandchildren.  Airs.  Lady  is  a 
Mioinber  of  the  Baptist  C'hurcii,  having  united 
with  it  when  she  was  thirteen.  I'olitically,  Mr. 
J.,ady  affiliates  with  the  Republican  party.  He 
takes  an  active  interest  in  ed\icatioual  affairs, 
and  has  frequently  served  as  School  Director. 


[LLI.V^r  MNIi- IIT.  a  proniinert  citizen 
of  Canby,  (^Ilackainas  county,  <  •regon. 
was  horn  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
April  17,  1859.  and  is  of  (Jerman  d( -cent.  lli.s 
father,  Joseph  Knight,  fijir.iidfat  ler,  Adam 
Knight,  and  great-gran.it'ather  .ilso  .\dam 
Knight,  Were  all  born  !■  I'ennsylvania.  • 
Knight  was  born  in  1797,  and  when  lu 
n])  married  Sarah  Gates,  a  native  of  thi 
State,  the  date  of  her  i>irth  being  1800. 
had  ten  children,  four  of  whom  are  now 
Charles,  Jose])li,  William  and  George. 
Knight  died  in  1843.  The  family  removed  to 
Missouri,  and  there  the  father  married  a  second 
wife,  by  whom  he  had  four  children,  the  oldest 
and  youngest  of  whom  are  living.  The  latter, 
.John,  is  now  sheriff  of  Mai'ion  county,  ( tregon. 
Tilt  father  can.'j  to  Oregon  in  185ii.  and  after 
remaining  somi  time,  returned  to  MisBouri. 
In  18(53,  however,  he  ngain  crossed  the  plains 
to  this  State,  this  time  bringing  wrnti  him  his 
family,  William  then  being  twenty-tiiree  years 
of  age  and  unmarrie<l.  Tliey  purchased  (iOO 
acres  of  land,  and  buill  one  or  the  first  two 
houses  in  Canliy,  becoming,  in  a  seiiee.  the 
founders  of  tlie  town,  a  part  of  it  having  been 
built  on  their  hind.      lle:r  they  lire  ''ppii   rn- 


)seph 
grew 
srme 
They 
ving: 
Mrs. 


gaged  in  farming,  merchandising,  and  in  vari- 
ous other  pursuits.  Tlu^  father  died  in  1874, 
in  the  seventy- fifth  year  of  his  age.  He  and 
his  son,  Adam,  were  at  work  at  the  Cascades 
when  the  Indian  war  broke  out,  and  were  be- 
sieged three  days  and  nights  in  the  blockhouse, 
but  they  held  the  Indians  at  bay  until  the 
soluiers  arrived,  father  and  son  being  then 
released. 

In  1SS4  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  elected 
Sheriff  of  Clackamas  county,  and  in  188G  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  jiosition.  serving  most 
efficiently  in  that  cajjacity  four  years.  Since 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  he  has  given 
his  attention  to  business  interests  in  Canby. 
He  has  erected  >everal  bu^iness  houses  hero,  in- 
cluding the  Town  Hall.  When  the- railroad 
was  built  to  this  point,  Ue  sold  the  company 
200  acres  of  land.  Fifty  acres  of  this  were 
given  T  1  the  Methodists  for  camp-meeting 
grounds,  and  on  it  lias  been  built  a  tabernacle, 
with  a  seating  capacity  f  r  ;?,000  people.  Mr. 
Knight'^  residenci'  is  situated  on  his  fine  farm 
of  145  acres  adjoining  the  town. 

In  187n  he  was  married  to  Miss  Martha 
IJurchard,  a  native  of  Marion  county,  Oregon, 
born  in  1855,  daujihter  of  (ieorge  Bnrcliard,  an 
Oi'egon  pioneer  of  l85ii.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Knight 
have  five  ciiiWreii,  as  follows;  Hertha  E.,  \'in- 
nie  J.,  Artliur  LI.,  and  Morth  Viva  and  Mary 
Vesta,  twins. 

Mr.  Knight  has  been  a  Republican  all  his 
life.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  of 
which  order  he  has  served  as  Financier  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  is  also  a  member  of  tlie  Good 
Tem|)lars. 

M.  WILLIAM  KOEHI.FR,  now  one  of 
the  oldest  practicing  dentists  of  Portland, 
i>  a  native  of  Havaria.  (ienminy,  born 
November  28.  1833.  He  is  of  (ierman  ances- 
try. His  father,  Frederick  Koehler,  was  a  sur- 
geon, and  many  of  the  ancestors  of  the  family 
were  members  of  the  medical  profession  in  tlieir 
native  land.  Dr.  Koehler  was  educated  and 
began  the  practice  of  dentistry  before  coming 
to  tills  country.  In  1854  he  came  to  New 
"^'ork,  and  after  three  months'  residence  there, 
eaiiH'  to  San  Francisco,  spent  some  time  at 
PlaiCBrville  aii<l  Mokelumne  Hill,  and  in  18t)3 
came  to  Oregon,  where  lie  has  been  constantly 
eiiiriiged   in  liiw  profession.     His  first  olllce  waB 


■■■■ir 


titsToUT  OP  ORBaOK. 


1127 


f 


oil  tlic  coi'iior  of  Front  and  Morrisdii  streets. 
At  that  time  lie  oecuiii.'il  the  only  luick  biiild- 
•  iiig  in  the  city.  In  1872  he  had  his  office  at 
the  corner  of  Front  and  Yam  Hill  streets,  and 
he  lost  some  $1,500  by  the  tiro  tliat  visited  tliat 
building.  He  then  located  at  the  corner  of 
First  and  Yam  Hill,  and  later  at  Yam  Hill  and 
Morrison.  While  there  he  sold  out,  but  when 
the  bnild'ngat  ?s'o.  2+1  First  street  was  tinished 
he  opened  hie  office,  where  lie  has  since  been 
found  during  office  hours.  The  Doctor  has  had 
the  exjierience  of  twenty-nine  years  in  the  city 
of  Portland,  in  his  business,  and  has  done  work 
for  many  of  the  best  citizens  of  the  town,  and 
as  evidence  <>f  the  esteem  and  conlidence  tliat 
they  all  feel  for  him  they  are  all  his  patrons 
still.  He  is  progressive  an<l  bus  kept  up  with 
the  times.  He  has  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments, and  is  a  kind-hearted  gentleman  and 
worthy  citizen. 

He  was  married  in  Portland,  in  1864,  to 
Miss  Jane  I'iriningham,  of  Ireland.  They 
have  had  live  children,  born  in  this  city:  Will- 
iam, now  druggist  of  this  city;  (ieorge  Francis 
is  a  promising  physician  and  surj^eon;  Maggie, 
Josephina  and  Francis.  They  reside  in  a  nice 
home  whicii  Dr.  Koehler  has  had  built  on  the 
corner  of  Tenth  anil  Montgomery  streets.  The 
l)octor  has  been  Treasurer  of  the  Dental  So- 
ciety, and  Deputy  of  the  District  for  the  A.  <). 
U.  W.,  and  has  represented  this  oi'der  at  the 
(irand  Lodge  of  the  State.  He  is  a  Republican, 
and  has  been  one  ever  since  the  organization  of 
the  party.  He  has  led  an  honorable  and  u|)- 
right  life,  and  is  one  of  Portland's  most  worthy 
citizens, 


*— t-H:^«i«— 


fllOF.  HFUl'.KUT  KITTUEDGE  is  one 
ofOregoiTs  bright  sous,  and  was  born 
in  Siiaitii  '.'ounty.  California,  June  8,  1803. 
His  fatlier,  Franklin  Kittredge,  was  born  in 
Michigan,  in  1828,  and  his  graiidfather  was  a 
noted  physiciaa  of  Micldgan.  born  in  Massachu- 
setts. The  family  are  of  English  parentage, 
and  came  over  here  and  settled  iu  the  Bay  State 
at  an  early  day 

Tlie  first  marriage  of  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject took  place  in  Michigan,  hut  his  wife  died 
shortly  after,  and  in  1849  Mr.  Kittredge  went 
to  California,  where  he  engaged  in  mining  ffir 
several  years.  He  has  made  die  trip  around  by 
Cape  Horn,  and  also  across  tlie  Isthmus,  and  has 


crossed  the  ])lains,  making  the  trip  four  times. 
He  had  been  a  school  teacher  in  Michigan,  but 
when  he  went  to  California  it  was  to  the  mines. 
From  that  State  he  went  into  Oregon,  and  there 
he  met  Miss  Mary  Powell,  of  ■  Powell's  \'alley, 
Multnomah  county,  and  Bubsefjueiitly  married 
her.  She  was  a  native  of  Missouri,  who  had 
been  brought  to  Oregon,  when  very  small,  by  her 
parents.  Soon  after  marriage  Mr.  Kittredge 
returned  to  California,  and  there  our  subject, 
Herbert,  the  first  of  a  family  of  eight  children, 
was  born,  in  the  summer  of  180;J,  in  the  mining 
regions  of  Shasta  county,  and  a  year  later  the 
family  returned  to  Multnomah  county,  Oregon. 
The  parents  and  a  part  of  the  children  now  re- 
side in  I'enton  countv.  Oreson.  The  names  of 
the  members  of  this  family  are;  Lota,  the  wife 
of  (ieorge  Wallace,  of  Corvallis;  Eniiiia,  the  wife 
of  W.  H.  Mahony,  of  Oakland,  California; 
Daisy,  May,  Mary,  Walter  and  Willie  are  at 
home. 

Our  subject  is  the  eldest  of  the  family,  and 
was  reared  and  educated  in  Oregon.  He  first 
attended  the  common  schools  of  his  town,  and 
then  took  an  academic  course  in  the  Willamette 
Cniversity  at  Salem.  After  this  (uir  subject 
took  a  course  at  the  Agricultural  College  at 
Corvallis,  and  received  a  degree  of  A.  P.  in 
188(),  and  of  A.  M.  iu  1888.  He  has  applied  him- 
self to  teaching  ever  since;  and,  in  fact,  he  earned 
a  part  of  his  education  by  teaching.  He  has 
conduct(>d  schools  in  Zena,  Poik  county,  and 
Lane  county,  also  at  Corvallis,  and  ^loiiroe,  in 
Pentoii  county.  He  has  been  principal  of  the 
Corvallis  school,  of  the  Junction  City  school, 
and  in  1880  lie  came  to  Paker  (^ity,  whore  lie 
was  principal  ''or  four  years,  until  called  to  a 
position  hi  !'"r'bi!iJ  I'niversity,  where  he  now 
is.  He  has  a  manner  that  pleases,  and  his  k'1- 
licioncy  is  so  well  known  that  he  gives  the  best 
of  satisfaction  wherever  he  goes. 

Our  subject  was  married  June  11,  1800,  to 
Miss  Jessie  (iroves,  daughter  of  William  and 
Emma  (Horning)  (irovcs.  The  mother  of  Mrs. 
Kittredge  was  born  in  Missouri,  in  Kansas  City. 
Her  father  raised  the  money  with  whicli  the 
first  church  was  built  in  Kansas  City,  and  he 
was  the  principal  I'oundei-  of  tiie  Agricultural 
College  in  Corva'lis,  Oregon.  The  family  are 
of  Uernian  descent,  having  como  to  America  in 
the  jiorson  01  the  grandfather  of  Mrs.  Kittredge 
when  he  was  ton  years  old.  Mr.  Groves  was 
born  in  V^irginia  in  183t),  and  Mrs.  Groves 
in    Missouri    in    1840.       Mrs.    Kittredge    has 


11^ 


OtSTotiY    OF    UllEdO^. 


W: 


two  sisters  ancl  one  brotliei-  ut  home  with  her 
i'atlier,  slie  lieiiig  tlw  next  oldest  iiiid  the  t)iily 
one  of  the  family  yet  married. 

Prof,  and  ^frs.  Kittredge  have  one  little  boy, 
Tracy  B.,  born  May  5.  1«91.  They  both  are 
HRMnbers  of  the  Methodi.-it  Episcopal  Church, 
and  the  Professor  is  a  member  of  the  .^[a8onic 
and  I.  O.  O.  F.  fraternities.  Mrs.  Kittredge  is 
a  lady  of  intelligence  and  education,  li.'wing 
graduated  from  tiie  Agricultural  College  at  (Jor- 
vallis,  with  the  degree  of  A.  !!.  in  1888. 

William  O.  mack,  another  one  of  the 
venerable  Oregon  pioneers  of  1852,  now 
a  resident  of  Caiiby,  Clackamas  county, 
dates  Ills  birth  in  llarperstield,  Delaware  coun- 
ty. New  York,  December  7,  1820.  His  ances- 
tors originated  in  Hngland. 

Joel  Mack,  his  grandfather,  was  born  in  Tol- 
land, Connecticut.  When  (juite  young  he  en- 
listed in  the  Continental  army  and  fought  the 
JJritish  in  the  battles  of  lirandywine  and  Mon- 
mouth. His  eldest  son.  Abner  Mack,  our  sub- 
ject's father,  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812. 
lie  married  Miss  Ilulda  Watrous,  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  they  had  a  family  of  live  sons  and  seven 
daughters.  In  1848  lie  removed  with  his  fam- 
ily to  Mcllenry  county,  Illinois,  where  he  re- 
sided >ip  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 
curred in  his  seventy-eighth  year.  His  wife 
survived  him  some  time  and  died  in  her  ninety- 
sixth  year,  at  Crystal  Lake,  Mcllenry  county, 
Illinois.  Of  tlieii'  numerous  family  only  two 
eons  and  two  daughters  are  now  living. 

William  O.  was  the  third  horu  in  his  father's 
family,  and  was  reared  in  New  Vork.  In  1845 
he  was  married  in  i'enusylvania  to  ^[iss  Louisa 
M.  Graham,  who  was  born  in  Delaware  county, 
New  Vork.  Ajiril  22.  1820,  daughter  of  Orson 
(Traiiam,  of  Connecticut.  In  184S  they  re- 
moved to  Illinois,  where  Mr.  Maek  rented  land 
and  worked  at  the  carjjcnters'  trade.  On  Apiil 
19,  1802,  he  started  with  o.\  teams  for  Oregon, 
brinains:  with  him  his  wife  and  three  children: 
Estella,  now  the  wife  of  Charles  Moahherger; 
Oscar,  married  and  I'esidiug  in  Washington; 
and  I.edru,  who  lives  near  his  parents  atCa'iliy. 
Aftei'  a  long  and  tedious  journey,  they  arii\ed 
at  the  Dalles  ( )etober  2.  There  they  built  a 
iioat,  and  in  it  came  down  the  Columbia  river  to 
the  Cascades.      From  the  Cascades    Airs.    Mack 


came  with  the  children  in  a  steamboat  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Sandy,  while  Mr.  Mack  drove  the 
stock  down  the  trail.  They  came  dire<'t  to. 
Clackamas  county,  and  took  a  donation  claim  of 
320  acres  on  the  Molalla,  live  miles  southeast  of 
where  Canby  now  is.  Here  they  built  a  log 
cabin  in  the  timber,  and  on  this  property  made 
their  home,  and  by  honest  industry  pros|)ered. 
Mr.  Mack  brought  with  him  his  carpenter  tools, 
and  in  addition  to  his  farming  did  considerable 
building  for  his  neighbors.  Many  of  the  sub- 
stantial buildings  in  this  part  of  the  county  are 
monuments  to  his  industry  and  skill.  In  1878 
he  retired  from  his  farm  and  purchased  forty 
acres  of  land  at  Caniiy.  Here  he  built  a  com- 
modious dwelling,  in  which  he  and  his  good 
wife  are  spending  the  eveinng  of  their  useful 
lives.  He  has  dealt  sotnewhat  in  real  estate  and 
is  still  the  owner  of  300  acres  of  valuable  land. 
In  Oregon  eiirht  children  have  been  added  to 
their  family  circle,  all  of  whom  are  living, 
namely:  Arthur,  liamon,  Hyroii,  Yolney,  Cecil; 
Ola,  now  Mrs.  Douglas  Gurley;  Morley  and 
Orainel  Ilosco.  They  also  have  sixteen  grand- 
children. 

Mr.  Mack  has  been  a  Itepublican  ever  since 
the  organization  of  that  l)nrty,  but  hns  never 
been  an  oHice-seeker.  He  has  taken  a  com- 
mendable interest  in  the  educational  aft'airs  of 
his  vicinity. 

^-(^-^ 


A.  LOCKWOOD  is  a  native  of  New 
Vork,  ''orn  in  Chautaucpia  county  in 
<»  182s.  His  ])areuts,  Jacob  and  Sarah  (I'ut- 
nam)  Lockwood,  were  natives  of  New  Kngland. 
and  like  many  c)ther8of  Nc\\i England's  sons  and 
daughters,  they  set  out  early  on  their  pilgrim- 
age westward  and  settled  in  New  Vork  State, 
where  Mr.  L(ickwo(id  engaged  in  farming,  and 
died  there  about  1839.  Our  sul>ject  was  then 
about  a  year  old  and  be  was  taken  by  his  uncle, 
John  Putnam,  of  .New  Vork,  and  by  him  reared 
to  the  agc!  of  seventeen  years,  when,  with  a  grow- 
ing dislike  for  farming,  he  went  to  Erie  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  learned  the  trade  of  making 
shoes;  accomplishing  his  purposes,  he  then  re- 
moved to  I'ittstield,  Warren  county,  and  after 
working  as  a  journeyman  for  a  brief  period,  he 
opened  a  shoe  store,  to  which  he  later  addtMl 
general  merchandise.  In  llS(')3lu'  was  appointed 
agent  of  the  I'liiittdelphia  &  Erie  Pailroad  and 
held   the   ollice    lor    ten    years.     In    1873,  Mr. 


HISTORY    OF    OliEGON. 


1139 


Lock\v(;od  liaviiig  become  closely  identified  witli 
Pittslield,  and  representing  the  city  in  many 
of  the  town  otliccs,  sold  his  business  interests 
and  settled  in  Xorthfi(^ld,  Minnesota,  where  lie 
conducted  mercantile  interests  until  1870,  wlien 
he  removed  to  the  Pacific  coast,  seeking  a  more 
salubrious  climate  for  his  wifc;  fhe;-,  in  tailing 
health.  They  stopped  ie.  Colusa  City,  (Jali- 
fornia,  for  one  year,  and  then  came  on  to  Ore- 
gon, locatinir  at  lioseburu;,  tem|)orarily,  but 
more  perjoanenth  in  Eugene  in  1878,  t(j  give 
his  children  tlie  benefit  of  the  university  edu- 
cation, flo  purchased  320  acres  of  land,  two 
miles  southwest  of  town  and  followed  farming 
abo'jt  three  years,  and  then  sold  his  farm  and 
foUowed  steam- saw injjf  and  threshing  during 
♦iie  season  until  1884,  when  lie  retired  to  farm- 
ing, purchasing  3()0  acres  twelve  miles  nortli  of 
Eugene,  and  remained  there  until  1891,  wlien 
he  moved  to  town  and  built  a  comfortable  home 
west  of  Eugene  on  Fifth  street,  where  he  now 
resides. 

He  was  married  in  1848  to  Miss  Barbara 
Dalrympio,  of  I'ittsfield,  who  died  in  1870, 
leaving  three  children:  Minnie,  nowthe  widow 
of  G.  S.  Washburn;  Elma,  Mrs.  W.  F.  Eakin; 
Charles  E.,  Assistant  I'nited  States  District  At- 
torney of  Eugene.  Mr.  Lockwood  is  a  Repub- 
lican, l)Ut  has  been  inactive  in  politics  during 
his  life  in  Oregon,  lie  has  attended  faithfully 
to  the  duties  of  liis  business,  and  has  the  respect 
of  all  his  fellow-citizens. 


^-^-l^* 

iLPIIONSE  E.  LA  KOCQUE,  a  native  son 
of  Marion  county,  (Jregon,  was  born  De- 
cemlter  25,  1858.  His  paternal  ancestors 
were  French  people,  and  were  early  settlers  of 
Canada.  His  fatlier,  G.  La  Kocque,  was  l)orn 
in  Chambly.  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Mon- 
treal, Canada,  in  the  year  1820,  and  when  he 
was  sixteen  years  of  age  went  to  St.  Louis.  Mis- 
souri. He  was  soon  afterward  employed  by 
the  Hudson's  Hay  Company,  and  served  in  the 
capaeitv  of  trapper,  hunter  and  guide  in  the 
Rocky  mountains  for  five  years.  Ho  returned 
to  St.  Louis,  and  from  there  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  wiu-ked  for  a  year,  and  recieved  for 
llis  services  fifteen  acres  of  land,  in  what  is  now 
the  heart  of  the  city.  Soon  afterward  he  sold 
the  property  for  $1,50(1,  and  in  1875  represent- 
atives of  the  property  visited  him  in  Oregon  to 
have  their  title  correcti^d.     He  ijuit-claiined  to 


them.  Not  long  after  this  the  contestants  came 
to  Oregon,  and  offered  him  ^10,000  to  (juit- 
claim  to  them. 

,\fter  si'lling  his  Chicago  projierty  he  came, 
in  1839,  to  the  Snake  river  country,  then  con- 
sidered a  part  of  Oregon.  Here  he  was  en- 
gaged with  the  fur  company  till  184t).  That 
year  he  came  to  the  Willamette  valley  and  .mot- 
tled at  lintteville,  in  Marion  county.  Upon  the 
discovery  of  gold  in  California  he  took  passage 
at  I'ortland  on  the  brig,  Henry,  for  San  Fran- 
cisco. When  they  got  outside  the  bar  at  the 
('olumbia  river  the  passengers  were  ordered  be- 
low, a!id  all  the  officers  deserted  the  ship.  One 
of  the  passengers  took  command  of  the  brig, 
and  after  ninety-three  days  they  landed  at  San 
Francisco.  He  mined  on  the  American  and 
Feather  rivers,  took  out  in  less  than  a  year 
about  §20,000,  and  returned  to  Buttevillo  with 
about  §12,000.  He  then  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  with  F.  X.  Mathieu  and  J.  B. 
Fiette,  and  later  John  Harvey  became  a  partner 
with  them.  They  built  the  Imperial  Flouring 
Mills  at  Oregon  City,  the  second  mill  built  in 
the  county,  the  first  liaving  been  washed  away. 
This  Mr.  Harvey  was  a  son-in-law  of  Dr.  John 
McLoughlin.  For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  La 
Roc([ue  and  his  partners  liad  an  extensive  trade, 
and  were  among  tlie  most  prominent  business 
in  the  Territory.  In  1856  he  purchased  the 
donation  claim  of  Alexander  Auberclieud,  and 
also  the  claim  of  Joseph  La  Forte,  in  all  about 
800  acres.  Ujion  a  j)art  of  this  prop- 
erty a  portion  of  Butteville  now  stands.  In 
1876  he  made  a  trip  to  Colorado  for  his  health. 
The  change,  however,  did  not  prove  beneficial, 
and  he  started  to  return  to  Oregon,  but  died  on 
his  way,  at  Oakland,  California.  He  had  mar- 
ried Miss  A.  C.  Clock,  a  native  of  New  York, 
who  '.'ame  to  Oregon  in  1853,  and  they  had  five 
children,  three  sons  and  two  daughters,  only 
two  of  whom  are  now  living.  George  (\  died 
ill  November,  1890,  in  his  thirty-fourth  year. 
Hattie  M.  married  Mr.  W.  T\  Arthurs,  a  jjrom- 
inent  business  man  of  Washington.  Eugene  S. 
died  in  his  twenty-first  year,  and  one  child  died 
in  infancy.     The  wife  and  mother  died  in  1882. 

Their  son,  Alplionse  E.,  was  educated  in  the 
pul)lic  schools  at  Oregon  City  and  at  the  Bishop 
Scott  Academy.  After  his  father's  death,  and 
the  youngest  child  became  of  agi',  he  purchased 
000  acres  of  the  Marion  county  estate  anil  900 
acres  in  Yam  Hill  county,  and  has  since  de- 
vott;d  his  time  and  attention  to  thy  cultivation 


1130 


HISTORY    OF    OllSaON 


1111(1  iin)>roveiTient  of  this  \iiliiiililc  property. 
lie  is  doinir  (renci-al  fiiriniiit;  oi\  a  lai'ijo  seale, 
raising  f^riii")  '"ly-  ^w^ifi  and  etandai'd-lired  tiot- 
tiiif^  li(irs('8.  lie  is  a  yoiiiiif  man  oi'  more  tlian 
(irdinary  enterjirise  and  ability.  I'oliticAJly,  ho 
affiliates  with  tiie  Democratic  party. 


lEOlUiE  R.  LASH,  the  ol)liu;ingand  pleas- 
ant City  Kecorder  and  Polic-e  .liidife  of 
I'eiulleton,  wa-;  hoi'ii  in  ISt.  John's,  Xew- 
funndland,  April  4,  1862,  His  father,  (ieorge 
l.ahh,  was  a  iiatix  e-horn  American,  who  went  to 
Xewfoiiiulland,  where  he  married  Miss  Alarion 
Page,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Mr.  Lash  died  in 
St.  tlohn's  at  tlie  age  of  forty-two,  when  liis  son 
was  a  email  hoy.  His  mother  came  to  New 
■^'ork,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  that  city. 

Our  snhject  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  f^t.  John's  and  the  Methodist 
College  at  lielfast,  Ireland,  from  which  institu- 
tion he  tcraduated  in  1887.  After  he  tinished 
his  education,  Mr.  Lash  hecame  a  sailor  and 
joined  the  mercantile  marine  service  in  the 
Shakespeare  line  of  Liverpool,  hoarding  the 
ship.  Desdemona,  sister  ship  to  Othello,  and 
eailed  for  four  years,  goinj:;  round  the  world 
three  times,  lie  visited  evei'y  port  on  the  con- 
tinent. He  saw  the  Zulus  of  Africa,  and  was 
in  Africa  at  the  time  of  the  killing  of  Prince 
Impci'ial;  saw  the  spear  with  which  he  was 
killed.  He  also  saw  the  Zulu  chief  with  three 
of  his  wives. 

Mr.  Lash  left  the  ship  at  Astoria,  Oregon, 
after  he  had  finished  his  four  years  on  the  ocean 
wave.  During  this  time  he  rose  to  the  position 
of  third  mate  of  the  vessel.  He  was  not  con- 
tent to  remain  on  land,  so  went  aboard  a  steam- 
boat, and  worked  there  for  two  years,  but  l)y 
that  time,  becoming  tired  of  the  life  of  a  sailor, 
he  left  the  boat  and  engaged  in  railroad  work 
for  the  <  >regon,  liio  Grande  it  Union  Railroad 
Company,  working  as  hrakenian  for  a  short 
time,  whtm  he  was  jiromoted  to  the  position  of 
conductor  on  the  construction  train.  He  ran 
the  first  train  along  the  line  of  the  I'nioii  Pa- 
cific railroad,  from  Cmatilla  Junction  to  Hamil- 
ton and  also  the  first  train  into  ('cnterville,  on 
the  Sp<ikan('  &  Pendleton  branch,  but  met 
with  the  misfortune  of  losing  his  left  hand,  so 
was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  service  of  the 
railroad,  and  come  to  Pendleton,  which  city  he 


entered  in  1889.  Soon  after  his  arrival  he  was 
elected  City  Recorder  of  Pendleton  and  Police 
.Indge,  was  reelected  in  ISDl,  and  no  doubt 
can  retain  these  offices  as  long  as  he  cares  to, 
so  general  is  the  satisfaction  with  his  work. 
He  is  a  very  obliging  young  man,  with  a  kind, 

Eleasaiit  word  for  any  one  and  every  one.  Mr. 
,ash  is  a  meinberof  K  of  P.,  in  which  he  is  Past 
M.  E.  Although  Mr.  Lash  has  suffered  all  the 
hardshijis  of  ocean  life,  he  is  an  induEtrioiis, 
sober  young  man. 

Mr.  Lash  was  married  February,  1885,  to 
Miss  Clara  Hopper,  of  Union  county,  a  native- 
born  Orcgonian.  Her  parents,  Joseph  and  Ada 
Hopper.  wer(>  among  the  early  ])ioneei'5  of  Ore- 
gon, having  crossed  the  plains  at  early  day. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lash  have  one  little  girl,  (yeorgia 
Lash,  born  November,  1885. 


,DAM  S  KIGHTLIXGER,  one  of  the 
worthy  jiioneer  settlers  of  Oregon,  is  a 
native  of  Crawford  <'oiinty,  Pennsyl- 
vania, born  September  2(!,  182;!,  a  son  of  I.  aac 
and  Elizabeth  (Conroid)  Kightlinger.  also  Penn- 
sylvaiiians  by  birth,  and  descendants  from  good, 
old  (ierman  stock;  they  had  born  to  them  a 
family  of  thirteen  children,  four  soi>:,  and  a 
daughter,  still  surviving.  Adam  S.  was  reared 
in  the  Keystone  State,  and  in  his  youth  learned 
the  carpenters'  trade.  In  185(1  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois, and  thence,  in  IS.jS,  came  to  California.  He 
worked  at  his  trade  fo)-  n  year,  receiving  SO  per 
day,  and  !?12  for  Sabbath  labor.  Wearying  of 
the  drought  and  dust  of  California  he  started 
for  Oregon,  April  8,  1854;  arriving  in  Port- 
land, he  found  that  hamlet  little  more  than  a 
muilhole.  so  he  came  to  Salem,  and  was  favor- 
ably impressed  with  appearaucys.  He  decided  to 
make  this  his  home,  and  purchased  S(jine  lots 
near  the  (.'ongregational  cluirch,  on  which  he 
built  a  dwelling.  At  the  end  of  twelve  years, 
however,  he  went  to  Albany,  arid  was  engaged 
inmerchandising  there.  Under  this  employment 
his  avordupois  increased  so  alarmingly  that  he 
was  obliged  to  take  more  active  e.xercise  than 
that  business  afforded.  He  returned  to  Salem, 
and  resumed  his  trade,  assisting  in  building 
nearly  a  ((uarter  of  the  structures  that  now 
stand  in  the  city. 

Mr.  Kightlinger  has  always  been    an  ardent 
advocate  of  tempcrftnce,  and  fo;  nearly  twenty 


«, 


HISTORY    OF    OliKOOX. 


1131 


1 


yenrs  was  a  iiieiiibci'  of  the  (lidiKl  Tfiiiplars.  For 
all  these  years  of  lalior  he  has  tiie  satisfiietioii 
of  lielieviiiir  that  ho  saved  one  man  from  a 
clriinkai'd's  frrave — an  ahiuidaiit  reward. 

lie  was  united  in  marriage  January  3,  185(5, 
to  Miss  JIary  J.  Haiiey,  a  native  of  Maples, 
Illinois,  and  to  them  have  lieen  horn  nine  chil- 
dren, iive  sons  and  a  daughter  are  still  living: 
Elmer,  Ellsworth,  Elhideu,  Clarion,  Ulysses 
Grant  and  Schuyler  Colfax.  The  deceased  are: 
Athelia,  Izadore,  and  AValter.  In  his  political 
convietions  Mr.  Kightlinger  formerly  aHiliated 
with  the  JJemocratic  party;  hut  during  tlie 
great  civil  war,  when  he  saw  such  numbers  of 
the  Democracy  arrayed  against  the  Union,  he 
came  over  to  the  Republican  ranks.  He  was 
bold  in  denouncing  the  Jtebellion  and  all  its 
sympathizers,  thereby  making  some  dangerous 
enemies,  but  possessed  of  the  courage  of  his 
convictions  he  stood  by  his  colors  in  the  face  of 
ojjposition.  IIo  has  now  nearly  reached  the 
biblical  three-score  years  and  ten,  but  is  hale 
and  strong  of  body  and  mind.  He  has  been  a 
man  of  the  strictest  1)n8ines8  methods,  and 
while  he  has  not  accumulated  a  fortune,  ho  has 
ft  good  dwelling  house  and  a  nice  little  farm, 
which  he  is  setting  to  hops.  Ilis  beloved  wife, 
the  partner  of  his  sorrows  and  joys  for  thirty- 
seven  years,  still  abides  with  him,  and  they  are 
spending  their  declining  years  in  peace  and 
comfort,  in  the  home  wliicii  their  industry  has 
lirovided,  honored  and  respected  by  a  wide  cir- 
cli!  of  acquaintance. 


[IIOMAS  BENTON  KILLIN,  a  repre- 
sentative and  well-known  Oreron  pioneer 
^  of  1^4:5,  was  born  in  Springfield,  Illi- 
nois,   May    10,   1830. 

Flis  fatli-^r,  John  K'illin,  was  horn  in  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1792,  and  his  mother,  Frances 
(t'lam)  Killin,  in  181;i.  They  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  Mr.  Killiu  was  superintendent 
of  the  construction  of  tho  Illinois  &  Michigan 
Canal.  In  1.SJ2  they  went  to  Iowa,  and  pur- 
chased land,  and  farmed  there  until  the  sjiring 
of  18-15,  when  they  crossed  the  plains  to  (Ore- 
gon, bringing  with  them  the  following  named 
children:  Martha,  who  afterward  married  Field- 
ing Jones,  anil  had  four  children,  is  ik.w  de- 
ceased; Thomas  I'enton,  now  a  prominent  law- 
yer in  I'cirtlund;  and  (.rcorge  W.,  who  lias  a  pait 


of  the  iionu'  place.  They  were  from  April  to 
October  in  crossing  the  j)lains.  While  on  the 
Platte  river  they  were  corraled  by  the  Indians, 
but  the  present  of  an  ox  purchased  their  release. 
They  left  their  teams  at  the  Dalles,  and 
made  rafts,  and  on  them  came  to  the  Cascades. 
After  getting  past  the  latter  place,  they  came  in 
boats  down  the  river,  and  wintered  on  theTual- 
itin  plains.  From  there  they  ".ant  to  Linn 
county,  and  took  a  donation  claim,  and  raised  a 
cro])  in  the  summer  of  184(5,  their  nearest 
neighbor  being  then  twelve  miles  away.  Ne.vt, 
they  removed  to  a  place  near  (iervais,  in  Marion 
county,  and  in  March,  1847,  they  came  to  the 
donation  claim  in  Clackamas  county,  on  which 
T.  1).,  and  another  of  their  sons  now  reside. 
They  traded  a  yokc^  of  oxen  for  640  acres  of 
choice  land,  the  oidy  improvemont  on  it  being 
a  cabin.  This  property  now  has  two  tine  farm 
residences  upon  it,  and  is  worth  §35,000.  Hero 
the  honorccl  father  lived  and  jirospered  for 
twenty  years.  His  death  occurred  in  October, 
1807.  Pie  was  a  thoroughly  honest  and  reli- 
able man;  was  a  Democrat  before  the  war; 
knew  Abraham  Lincoln  at  Springfield,  became 
a  Republican,  and  was  a  strong  Union  man. 
His  widow  still  survives  him,  now  \:\  her  sexiity- 
ninth  year,  beloved  by  all  who  know  her. 

Thomas  Benton  was  the  t!iird-l)orn  in  his 
father's  family,  and  was  six  vars  old  w'hen  ho 
arrived  in  Oregon.  He  was  sent  to  the  primi- 
tive district  schools  of  Clackamas  county,  until 
he  W!is  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  struck  out 
to  mfike  his  own  way  in  the  world.  When  the 
great  civil  war  was  inaugurated  he  became  deep- 
ly interested  in  the  cause  of  the  Union,  and 
when  the  call  for  volunteers  became  most 
urgent,  in  1803,  he  enlisted  April  21,  in  Com- 
pany (t,  First  Oregon  Cavalry.  They  served  a 
year  at  F^ort  Vancouver,  was  afterward  stationed 
among  the  Snake  Indians,  and  in  April,  186(5, 
he  was  honorably  discharged,  having  been  pro- 
moted to  F'irst  Sergeant. 

Returning  to  his  home,  Mr.  Killin  purchased 
a  fourth-section  of  the  doiuition  claim  from  his 
father.  December  3,  18(57,  he  married  Miss 
M.  A.  Adair,  who  was  born  in  Illinois,  January 
8,  1849,  daughter  of  William  R.  Adair.  The 
Adair  family  came  "West  in  1862.  After  their 
marriage  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Killin  began  life  on  the 
farm,  where  they  have  since  lived.  In  1880  ha 
built  a  tine  frame  residence,  and  from  time  to 
iime  has  made  other  imj)rovements,  developing 
his  farm  into  one  of  the  best  in  his   county,  if 


1133 


iirsrouY  OF  oregon. 


f  I'fl  I 


r 


not  the  lost  in  the  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Killin 
Imve  two  cliiklren:  May,  wifo  of  Walhice  Dii- 
raiit,  rt'sidt's  at  Woodbiirii;  and  Ronton,  wlio  is 
at  sohool. 

Mrs.  Killin  is  a  inoinlicr  of  tlie  <'oiifrreii;a- 
tioiial  Church.  Politically,  Mr.  Killin  is  a 
stanch  Uopulilicaii.  He  is  an  cntcriirisiiij/  and 
capable  citi/.i'n,  and  he  and  his  faiiiily  arc  highly 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  them. 


;ILLIAM  WILHERT  LEVIS,  a  sncccss- 
ful  and  eminently  esteemed  farmer  of 
Yam  Hill  county,  was  born  ill  Pennsyl- 
vania, February  2,  1850.  His  father,  Mitfin 
Levis,  and  several  of  his  ancestors,  were  also  na- 
tives of  the  Keystone  State.  His  father  married 
Miss  I^ucinda  McCurdy,  a  native  of  the  same 
State,  and  they  had  nine  children,  eight  of  whom 
ai'e  now  living.  In  1857  he  and  his  family 
removed  to  Iowa,  then  anew  country  and  sparse- 
ly settled,  and  the  parents  have  ever  since  con- 
tinued to  reside  there. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  second 
child,  and  early  worki'd  on  the  farm,  attending 
the  district  school  a  little,  but  had  very  liiniteil 
opportunities  for  acquiring  an  education,  and 
has  received  most  of  his  knowledge  in  the  hard 
school  cif  experience. 

When  but  sixteen  years  of  age  he  liegan  life 
for  himself,  and  when  twenty-three  years  old 
had  saved  very  little  money.  IlavMig  by  this 
time  heard  of  the  marvelous  opportunities  in 
Oregon,  of  the  mild  climate  and  productive  soil, 
and  large  donations  of  land  to  actual  settlers, 
he  determined  to  avail  himself  of  them,  and, 
accordingly,  in  1873,  came  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
believing  it  to  be  the  best  county  in  the  State. 

He  began  as  a  farm  hand,  receiving  better 
wages  than  he  had  been  getting  in  the  East.  He 
worked  and  saved  fur  two  years,  and  then  rented 
300  acres  of  land  of  Mr.  A.  C.  Martin.  The 
secdiid  year  he  sowed  300  acres  of  grain,  and 
realized  about  A-i,000  for  it.  This  gave  him  a 
start,  and  was  wonderfully  encouraging,  demon- 
strating fully  the  excellent  possibilities  of  farm- 
ing in  Oregon. 

Ill  Marcli,  1876,  he  was  happily  married  to 
Miss  Eliza  Martin,  the  daughter  of  Mr.  A.  C. 
Martin,  hikI  a  native  of  Illinois.  She  proved  to 
be  an  etlicient  hel[)iiiate,  and  aided  him  in  all 
his  fcfjbrtsat  home  snd  fortune  making. 


In  1878  he  purchased  183  acres  of  land,  lo- 
cated three  and  a  half  miles  northeast  of  Mc- 
Minnville.  They  moved  onto  this  new  prop- 
erty, and  have  since  continued  to  reside  on  it, 
expending  much  labor  and  care  in  its  cultiva- 
tion. He  has  just  coinmenci-d  to  make  im- 
provements on  it,  which  are  destined  to  much 
enhance  the  value  of  the  property.  lie  has 
since  purchased  an  additional  forty  acres,  imme- 
diately adjoining,  making  a  large  and  valuable 
farm,  which,  nnder  his  able  management,  has 
become  oiu'  of  the  best  in  the  county. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Levis  have  four  children:  El- 
bert Marion,  A.  C,  Willie  and  Jessie,  all  of 
them  intelligent,  and  reflecting  credit  on  the 
State  of  their  nativity. 

Air.  Levis  is  an  independent  Democrat,  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  the  ofHces  of  the 
school  in  his  district,  and  has  served  four  years 
as  School  Director.  He  appreciates  fully  the 
advantages  of  education,  and  intends  that  his 
children  sliall  have  better  opportunities  for  ac- 
quiring useful  knowledge  than  he  himself  pos- 
sessed in  his  youth. 

He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
in  both  of  Its  branches,  and  also  belongs  to  the 

A.  o.  r.  W. 

He  and  his  worthy  wife  have  exeinjilified  what 
intelligent  and  persistent  eft'orts  can  accomplish 
when  ajiplicd  to  the  fruitful  and  responsive  soil 
of  this,  the  most  productive  of  States.  Honest, 
kiiKlly  iind  intelligent,  they  are  held  in  very 
great  esteem  by  the  community  in  which  they 
reside,  and  are  eminently  worthy  of  their  pros- 
perity. 


ENJAMIN  F.  LEWIS,  a  widely  known 
and  esteemed  Oregon  pioneer  of  1852,  is 
,,,  a  native  of  Hart  county,  Kentucky,  where 
he  was  born  October  2().  1832.  His  father, 
Edward  W.  Lewis,  born  in  Kentucky,  came  of 
an  old  and  prominent  Virginia  family.  Great- 
grandfather Edward  Lewis,  moved  from  the  Old 
Dominion  to  Kentucky  in  the  early  settlement 
of  the  latter  State,  where  he  was  well  and  favor- 
ably known  as  a  man  of  ability  and  energy. 
The  father  of  the  subject  of  our  sketch  married 
Mies  Mary  O.  Maxey,  an  estimable  lady,  and  a 
native  of  his  own  State.  She  was  descended 
from  an  i)l<l  and  respected  N'irginia  family,  and 
H  daughter  of  James  Maxey,  a  iijan  of  mark  in 


wmm 


IirSTOIiV    OF    OliKdON. 


lUW 


liis  time.  Tliey  had  six  cliildren,  four  of  whom 
arc  living,  our  subject  heiiig  the  secoiifl  in  order 
of  birtii.  His  mother  died  Juno  27,  1849. 
greatly  hiniented  by  her  family  and  friends,  to 
whom  nlie  had  endeared  herself  ijy  her  amia- 
hility  and  intelligence.  Jlis  father  survived  her 
but  »  short  time,  expiring  in  the  following  Sep- 
tember, in  the  midst  of  his  family  and  friends, 
who  universally  mourned  his  loss. 

Thus,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  was  dej)rived  of  parental  care 
or  protection,  and  early  learned  to  rely  upon 
himself.  The  following  spring,  immediately 
succeeding  his  parents'  death,  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois, where  he  worked  for  a  couple  of  years  at 
anything  he  could  find  to  do,  when  he  secured  a 

Sosition  with  a  party  going  to  Oregon.  He 
rove  an  ox  team  for  his  board,  and  with  an  ox 
whip  on  his  shoulder,  made  most  of  the  journey 
across  the  plains  on  foot.  This  \vas  the  yc^ar 
when  eliolera  was  e|)ideniic,  and  the  way  was 
lineil  with  newly  made  graves,  but  aside  from 
the  usual  hardships,  this  party  came  through  all 
right.  They  arrived  at  the  balles  August  17. 
When  they  reached  the  Cascade  falls,  a  little 
wooden  railroad  had  been  built,  to  carry  the 
effects  of  the  emigrants  around  the  falls.  The 
car  was  drawn  by  a  mule  teiim.  This,  Mr. 
Lewis  rented,  and  successfully  ran  it  \mtil  the 
following  spring,  making  considerable  money. 

lie  then  went  to  Fuget  sound,  where  he  did 
carpenter  work.  In  the  spi'ing  of  ISoS,  he  went 
to  Dillingham  bay,  where  he  received  the  ap- 
])oiiitment  of  Assessor  of  \Vhatcom  county,  and 
it  was  while  serving  in  this  capacity  that  he 
raised  the  dispute  between  America  and  En- 
gland, by  assessing  the  Hudson's  Hay  Company's 
property,  on  the  disputed  island  of  San  Juan, 
in  ruget  sound,  which  was  later  settled,  by  ar- 
bitration, in  favor  of  the  United  States. 

The  Indian  war  breaking  out  at  this  time, 
Mr.  Lewis  enlisted,  and  was  elected  First  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Volimteer  Company  of  Washington 
Pioneers,  and  part  of  the  time  had  coujiiiand  of 
his  company.  He  participated  in  a  number  of 
battles,  every  one  of  which  was  a  victory  for  the 
whites. 

After  the  war  he  came  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
where  he  purchased  100  acres,  located  two  miles 
south  of  Dayton,  which  he  improved  with  sub- 
stantial buildings  and  higlily  cultivated,  ren- 
dering it  in  time  a  very  valuable  farm.  He 
farmed"  it  for  thirty  yeai's,  when,  in  1890,  he 
sold  it  very  profitably,  and  purchased  lots  in 
71 


Dayton,  on  which  he  built  a  good  residence,  in 
a  desirai)le  location,  where  he  now  resides. 

In  1854  he  married  Miss  Elizalieth  dohnson, 
a  native  of  Alissouri,  a  highly  estimable  lady, 
and  a  daughter  of  Dr.  C.  M.  Johnson,  a  re- 
spected pi(jneer  of  184").  She  has  ever  since 
been  his  faithful  partner,  sharing  his  sorrows 
and  joys  with  the  same  amiability  and  fidelity. 
They  have  two  children,  John  C.  and  Leroy, 
both  born  in  Yam  liill  county,  and  both  intol- 
liirent  native  sons  of  Oregon.  John  was  edu- 
cated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  the  State 
University,  and  lias  been  engaged  in  teaching 
for  the  past  twelve  years.  Leroy  is  a  graduate 
of  the  State  Normal  School,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged >n  teaching,  and  at  present  (1892)  io 
Democratic  candidate  for  School  Superintendent 
of  Yam  Hill  county. 

Mrs.  Lewis  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian Chuich,  and  is  an  ardent  worker  and  liberal 
contributor  toward  its  support. 

Mr.  Lewis  is  politically  a  Democrat,  the  prin- 
ciples of  which  |»arty  he  indorses,  as  ap[)earing 
to  him  the  most  comuu'udable.  His  constitu- 
ents have  honored  him  with  public  office,  elect- 
ing'him  to  the  position  of  County  Commissioner, 
in  which  capacity  he  gave  universal  satisfaction. 
He  was  one  of  theoi'ganizi'rs  of  the  (i  range,  and 
served  for  some  time  as  is  Master.  Of  great 
probity,  liberal-minded  and  progressive,  uni- 
formly courteous  and  obliging,  ho  enjoys  the 
esteem  of  all  his  fellow-citizens. 


IlLLIAM  C.  MfKAY,  M.  D.,  a  native 
of  Oregon,  was  born  in  Astoria,  March 
18,  1824,  of  Canadian  birtli  on  his 
fatlmr's  side,  and  Indian  on  his  mother's.  His 
father,  John  McKay,  was  a  native  of  Canada, 
who  came  to  Astoria  at  a  very  early  day,  and 
there  married  an  Indian  maiden  of  the('hinook, 
a  niece  of  the  ol.l  chief.  Corn  Comly.  The  grand- 
father of  our  subject.  Alexander  McKay,  was 
also  a  native  of  Canada,  and  one  of  the  early 
explorers  of  the  Pacific  coast,  it  being  supposed 
at  that  time  that  there  was  some  channel  which 
connected  the  two  great  oceans.  A  largo  sum 
of  money  had  been  offered  by  the  IJritish  gov- 
ernment'for  the  discovery  of  that  passage,  and 
Mr.  McKay  at  that  time  was  the  clerk  of  a 
ship  that  was  exjdoring  for  the  chamu'l  for  the 
Northwestern  Fur  Company.     He  was  familiar 


IP 


1184 


ursrnnr  of  oreoon. 


11 

1 

with  the  lIudsDirB  liay  Coinntiny,  ami  when 
they  discovered  the  elianiii'l  Mr.  McKay  iiiiide 
liiK  way  to  Now  Vork  mid  reported  the  fact  lo 
John  .lacoli  Astor.  A  company  was  iinniedi- 
atcly  formed,  composed  of  two  of  the  Stewarts, 
JoliM  .lacoli  Abtor  and  Mr.  McKay.  'I'ho  hitter 
was  sent  Imck  iind  Ujcated  at  Aatoria  as  a  trading 
post,  and  made  it  hits  lieadcpiarti'rs,  and  was  for 
many  years  connected  with  tiie  com])any.  Aiter- 
warii  iiis  Son,  Joiin,  came  on  to  .Vstoria  and 
married  the  Indian  fj;irl,  as  before  stateil.  After 
the  birth  of  our  subject  he  moved  to  Vancouver 
island,  .\bont  tiiis  time  there  was  a  man  by 
the  name  of  John  J^ell,  wiio  Inid  been  sent  out 
from  Hoston  to  open  up  schools.  He  estab- 
lished one  at  \'aneonver,  and  there  the  Doctor 
received  liis  first  education.  *IIis  father  in- 
tended to  send  liim  to  Scotland  to  completi^  it, 
and  started  there  with  the  boy;  however,  he 
stopped  in  New  York  with  a  friend  by  the  name 
of  Dr.  "Whitney,  and  the  latter  persuaded  Air. 
McKay  to  place  liis  son  in  a  New  York  school 
to  receive  an  American  education,  tellinc;  him 
that  if  Ids  son  should  be  educated  abroad  he 
would  receive  ideas  which  would  interfere  with 
his  love  for  his  native  country;  therefore  Mr. 
McKay  left  his  son  with  his  friend.  J)r.  Whit- 
ney, in  lS38,and  lie  placed  him  in  the  Fairfield 
Academy,  from  which  he  (graduated  in  IS-iii. 
On  account  of  his  youth,  beini^  then  only  nine- 
teen years  old,  a  diploma  could  not  be  given 
bin),  but  he  received  an  hf)norary  certificate 
which  promised  iiim  that  if  he  returned  when 
lie  became  of  age,  the  diploma  would  be  given 
him.  Our  subject  then  returned  and  estab- 
lished himself  at  Oregon  City.  About  this 
time  the  Willamette  College  was  opened  at 
Salem,  and  he  attended  that  school  and  received 
from  it  his  diploma  of  M.  I).  Returning  to 
Oregon  City,  he  went  into  co-partnership  with 
old  Dr.  A[cI,oughlin,  with  whom  he  practiced 
until  the  first  gold  discovery.  .\t  this  time  he 
engaged,  in  mining  and  pr<i8|iecting,  and  in 
company  with  others  discovered  the  Trinity 
gold  mine.  Tliere  they  workei]  for  some  time, 
but  were  not  able  to  open  up  the  mir?  with 
success,  and  had  to  abatidon  the  claim,  whicli 
turned  out  to  be  very  ri(di  afterward.  Our 
subject  then  returned  to  Oregon  City,  and  in 
1851  came  to  eastern  Ori'gon  and  located  near 
the  present  site  of  Pendleton.  lie  had  a  per- 
mit as  Indian  trader,  and  establishe(l  a  trading 
post  on  McKay  creek,  remaining  in  tiiis  busi- 
ness until  tlie  war  with  the  luuians  in  18o5-'oG. 


At  this  time  the  Indians  burned  everything, 
and  roblied  him  of  all  he  jiossessed.  Follow- 
ing this  our  subject  was  employed  by  the  Gov- 
ernment as  a  guide,  and  continued  in  that 
capacity  until  the  close  of  the  Indian  war,  after 
which  lu'  established  a  furnishing  store  to  snp- 
]ily  emigrants,  and  continued  in  this  business 
until  18(11.  At  that  time  President  Lincoln 
ai)])ointed  him  Indian  Doctor  at  the  Umatilla 
Agency,  which  position  he  has  filled  ever  since, 
with  the  e.xeeption  of  the  four  years  of  Presi- 
dent Cleveland's  administration,  "resident  IJn- 
colii  was  the  lirst  pri'sident  to  give  an  Indian  an 
army  appointment.  At  the  time  that  the  treaty 
with  the  I'matilla  Indians  was  made.  Dr.  Mc- 
Kay was  appointed  as  agent  to  get  the  signa- 
tures f(jr  tlie  sale  of  the  lands  to  the  l.'nited 
States.  The  Indians  became  very  hostile  to 
him  for  accej)ting  this  position,  when  they  be- 
gan to  realize  that  when  they  made  their  mark 
it  meant  that  their  land  was  gone.  lie  was  ap- 
pointed on  tile  Pension  Examining  Hoard  of 
Umatilla  county,  when  that  body  was  organized. 
He  has  a  claim  against  the  l/nited  States  for 
$19,000,  for  the  (lestruction  and  loss  of  liis 
property  at  the  time  of  the  Indian  war.  During 
the  Rebellion  he  was  an  Assistant  Surgeon,  and 
now  is  a  member  of  the  Kit  Carson  Post  at 
i'endleton.  lie  is  also  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic order,  and  of  the  I.  O.  ( ).  F. 

Dr.  McKay  was  marrieil,  in  18()5,  to  Miss 
Margaret  Campbell,  born  in  Manitoba,  and  they 
have  three  living  children;  Thomas,  James  and 
Lilla,  the  latter  being  a  teacher  in  the  school  at 
the  agency.  The  Doctor  belongs  to  the  Astoria 
trilie,  but  had  a  transfer  to  the  Umatilla  tribe 
in  order  to  get  his  allotniiMit  of  land.  He  now 
has  100  acres  in  the  reservation,  and  owns  his 
residence  in  Pendleton.  He  is  a  very  radical 
Republican,  believing  that  that  party  lias  done 
more  for  his  kindred,  the  red  men,  than  has 
any  other  party. 


^EORGE  T.  McGIlATH,  a  successful  mer- 
\\Slf  '^'"^"''  ^^  i'aker  City,  was  born  in  Trenton, 
\ffP.  (irundy  county,  Alissouri,  September  2(1, 
1801,  and  is'  the  only  child  born  to  William  II. 
and  (.ucy  J.  (Wisdom)  McGrath.  Mr.  Mc- 
Grath  removed  to  California  when  our  subject 
was  only  two  years  old,  and  settleil  in  Susahville, 
that  State,  and  stayed  there  until  1804,  when  he 


n  I  STORY    OF    ORKGOn. 


1085 


wont  to  Corvallis,  Oregon,  and  engiij;eii  in  the 
boot  and  tilioo  huf^iness,  liut  only  reniiiined  tliero 
a  short  tiino  and  tlien  removed  to  Vancouver,  and 
engaged  in  tlie  biisines^ol'  inaniit'actnrinj;  boots 
and  shoos.  Hero  he  wad  appninted  |)cpiity 
Sheriff  of  that  comity,  and  served  until  1809, 
when  he  moved  back  to  Trenton,  Missouri. 

Our  subject  graduated  from  the  high  school 
of  Trtmton  in  i88((.  and  engaged  in  clerking 
in  a  store  until  1889,  when  ho  removed  to  lea- 
ker City,  Oregon,  where  he  took  up  his  father's 
line  of  business.  He  is  the  oidy  boot  and  shoe 
merchant  in  the  city,  and  in  addition  carries  a 
line  of  clothing.  The  stock  of  the  tbriner  is 
estimated  as  being  worth  S7,000  and  the  latter 
$3,000.  Ilis  a\  ei-age  sales  have  been  from  §10,- 
000  to  §15,000  per  year,  llo  is  a  very  genial 
and  accommodating  young  man.  anil  is  a  great 
favorite  among  his  patrons,  both  old  and  young, 
in  Maker  City  and  surrounding  districts,  where 
he  has  (juite  a  large  trade. 

Mr.  Mc(irath  commenced  his  present  busi- 
ness on  iiKiney  he  had  obtained  by  his  own 
economy  and  industry  while  clerking,  and  he 
now  has  one  of  the  first  as  well  as  largest  stores 
in  Baker  City.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P., 
in  which  he  is  very  |)ro)ninent.  Mr.  McGrath 
is  a  second  cousin  of  Mr.  J.  T.  Wisd(jin  and  .1. 
W.  Wisdom,  botli  wealthy  and  inllueiitial  gen- 
tlemen, well  known  throughout  the  State  of 
Oregon. 


tOLLISTER  I).  McGUIRE,  a  prominent 
and  public  spirited  citizen  of  I'ortland. 
Oregon,  is  one  of  that  State's  native  sons, 
having  been  born  in  the  city  of  his  residence  on 
August  18, 1808.  His  father,  Francis  Mc(Tuire, 
is  an  honored  and  worthy  pioneer  of  the  State. 
He  was  born  in  Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  on 
July  4.  1810.  His  father,  Josiah  Mc(tuire, 
served  his  country  as  a  colonel  in  the  war  of 
1812.  while  his  grandfather,  James  McGuirc, 
came  from  Scotland  about  tlie  year  1740,  bring- 
ini;  with  him  his  wife  and  two  children,  and 
settled  in  the  Colony  of  Virginia,  where  .several 
generations  of  the  family  were  born.  The 
family  owned  a  large  plantation,  and  were  promi- 
nent Virginians  for  many  years.  When  Fran- 
cis McGnire  became  a  man  be  was  for  five  or 
six  years  engaged  in  business  on  the  Mississippi, 
river,  until  the  malaria  of  the  swamps  of  that 
region  affected  his  health.     He  then  removed  to 


Burlington,  Iowa,  in  1840,  engaging  in  mer- 
cantile business  there.  In  1842  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Arvilla  (Jreen,  of  Buffalo,  New  Vork. 
He  continued  in  busii.ess  in  Burlington,  Iowa 
until  1851,  when  a  renewed  failure  of  health 
warned  him  to  seek  a  more  genial  climate. 
Coiise(|uently,  with  his  wife  and  four  children, 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  arriving  in 
I'ortland  in  1852,  purchasing,  in  the  following 
year,  a  farm  in  Washington  county,  where  he 
resided  until  185."),  when  he  mov<'d  to  the  city 
of  I'ortland.  Here  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
business  for  fifteen  years,  doing  in  that  time  a 
large  amount  of  the  contracting  and  building  of 
tlu^  city.  In  this  business  he  met  with  signal 
success,  becoming  by  his  energy  and  pnl)lic- 
spiritedness,  a  jirominent  factor  in  the  jiublic 
enterjjrises  of  tlie  metropolis.  Among  other 
things,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization 
of  the  A[echiiuics"  Fair,  the  first  entei'|)ris(^  of 
the  kind  in  the  State,  out  of  which  has  grown 
the  |)re8ent  association  and  the  K.\|iosition 
Building.  In  1871,  before  much  had  been 
done  in  East  I'oitland,  he  removed  there,  pur- 
chasing twenty  acres,  and  built  upon  this  land 
in  the  vicinity  of  Eighteenth  and  I  street.  The 
correctness  of  his  judgment  has  been  aiii])ly 
proved  by  the  snhseijneiit  rapid  growth  of  the 
city,  the  property  doubling  itself  in  value. 
There  he  resided,  actively  engaged  in  business, 
until  his  old  disease  of  ague  attacked  him,  when, 
after  four  years  of  suffering,  endured  with  heroic 
fortitude,  he  finally  breathed  his  last  on  the  13th 
of  January,  18711,  in  his  sixty-ninth  year  of 
age.  Ho  was  mbnrned  as  an  upright  citizen,  a 
faithful  and  loving  husband,  and  a  kind,  indul- 
gent father.  His  widow  ami  four  children  had 
the  sympathy  of  the  community  in  their  be- 
reavement. Eliza,  the  eldest  child,  liecamo  the 
wife  of  Mr.  J.  M.  Murphy,  editor  of  the  Washing- 
ton Standard,  published  at  Olympia.  The  three 
sons  are  ^vortlly  and  reliable  business  men  of 
Portland.  The  other  sons  are:  H.P.  and  W.  W., 
each  havinir  families  of  their  own.  The  mother 
is  still  living,  respected  and  esteemed  by  all. 

'I'lic  subject  of  our  sketch  was  raised  and  edu- 
cated in  the  city  of  Portland,  where  he  has  al- 
ways since  resided.  He  learned  the  trade  (jf  a 
decorator  and  painter,  which  business  he  carried 
on  for  about  eight  years.  He  did  the  work  of 
that  kind  on  the  Pnitarian  chnrch  and  otlier 
buildings.  In  1870  he  turned  his  attention  to 
the  real-estate  business,  in  which  he  has  since 
continued,     He  has  both   invested  for  himself 


1IS0 


BISTORT    OF    OREaON. 


il 


Mini  liiid  out  ]ii'o|)erty  '"r  otlit'r.-*.  jn  iiicipally  on 
llio  Ciifil  siilc,  ami  iiioht  of  it  Kciii;;  inside  jiro]i- 
crty.  He  |iliittccl  anil  sold  the  Kli/ahi'tli  Irviiio; 
Addition,  wliirli  <iontaiii>  I'orty  acres,  and  which 
is  now  all  Ipuilt  on.  having'  n<inu'  of  tin;  hand- 
somest honscs  on  tiiu  cast  side.  lie  also 
liandl(Ml  tl'o  ucnwortliy  Addition,  anil  tiiu  linn- 
lU'llV  Addition,  both  now  in  tlie  heart  of  thu 
city.  Lots  wliieh  he  lioiight  for  $500  jiavu  1)C- 
conif  woi'th  !?"2,oOO.  He  is  also  nianafjor  of  the 
I  telnioshover  Addition,  and  is  half  owner  of  the 
I'^ast  i'ortland  Ilciifhts,  hoth  hoing  elio;il)|o  resi- 
denco  projiurtv.  The  avci'age  [)rici'  of  lots  is 
from  iffiOO  to  !5MI0  and  sl,0O(). 

Mr.  ^Ic(iiiireis.  |)oIiticaIly,  a  Democrat;  and  is 
n  mi'Milierof  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

He  has  heen  twice  married,  haviufr  the  niis- 
fortiiiu^  to  lose  his  first  wife  and  child.  In  18S2 
he  married  Miss  Kate  Stuart,  a  native  of  .\r- 
l<ansas,  a  daughter  (d'  Mr.  J.  I..  Stnnrt.  Tlu^y 
have  i'onr  children,  all  horn  in  Portland,  vi/.: 
8ilva  S.,  .\r\illa  1'.,  Francis  L.  and  llollisterK. 

A[r.  AfcCiuire  has  always  been  deejdy  inter- 
ested in  the  welfare  of  his  city  and  State.  The 
ffrowth  and  welfare  of  the  city  of  his  birth  have 
alway>  been  matters  of  jiersonal  interest  to  him, 
and  possessinj^  foresight  and  bnsiness  ability,  he 
has  aided  her  materially  in  hor  march  to  opu- 
lence and  fame. 


I 


mi^ 


^ 


•^o  '•^'' 


II.  l.KWIS,  the  capable  and  efHcient 
yardmaster  of  the  yards  at  T'ondleton, 
^  of  the  <  )regon  &  Washington  Territory 
Railroad,  is  the  subject  of  this  l)rief  notice.  He 
was  horn  in  Marion  county,  ( )regon,  January  "Jl, 
IS-i.").  and  is  one  of  the  first  white  children  born 
in  the  State.  His  father,  Reuben  Lewis,  was 
born  in  Tompkins  county,  New  York,  in  1814, 
and  was  married  in  Oregon  to  Miss  Mary  A. 
Fra/.iei',  a  native  of  .North  Carolina.  The  occu- 
pation of  ilr.  Lewis,  Sr.,  was  farming  and  stock- 
raising,  and  he  crossed  the  plains  in  1842,  being 
in  the  first  train  of  eiiiij^rants  that  cros.sed  the 
plains.  Only  two  of  his  cotnpany  yet  survive, 
and  they  are,  as  far  as  can  be  determined,  ('aj)- 
tain  Mos>,  of  Oregon  City,  and  !•'.  X.  Mathies, 
of  Hutteville.  Oregon.  .Mr.  Lewis  settled  at 
Oregon  City,  whent  his  mari'iage  occurred,  and 
reside<l  on  a  donation  claim  until  his  death, 
which  occiired  in  1889,  when  lie  wa.s   seventy- 


two  years  of  agi-.  His  faithful  wife  and  help- 
mate died  in  lS(i2,  when  only  thirl v-»ix  years 
id'  age. 

Our  subject  was  the  eldest  son  ami  (diild  of 
the  family.  He  only  received  aconniion-schuol 
education,  and  after  linishing  his  stu<lies  at  the 
school  of  the  neighliorhood,  he  learned  I  lie  pro- 
fession of  the  |)hotographer  and  followed  it  nntil 
180;-{,  when  he  enlisted  March  2:i.  in  the  United 
States  Army,  Company  1,,  l''ir>t  Oregon  Cav- 
alry, and  served  three  years.  Although  ho  en- 
listed as  a  private,  he  was  discharged  as  a  First 
Sergeant  ot  his  company.  He  was  in  several 
battles  with  the  Indians,  one  of  them  occurring 
at  Crooked  Rivers  May  18,  18(^)4,  and  also  had 
some  engagements  with  the  Snake  tribe.  At 
the  close  of  his  army  service,  during  which  time 
ho  ac(|nittcd  himself  bravely  and  honorably,  he 
returned  home,  took  up  his  profession  and  fol- 
lowed it  for  twelve  years.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  employed  by  the  railroad  in  different 
cajjacities.  At  present  he  is  in  charge  of  the 
yards  at  Pendleton,  and  has  gained  the  esteem 
of  his  employei's,  the  Oregon  &  "Washington 
Territory  Railroad. 

Mr.  Lewis  was  married  January  1,  l>»t57,  to 
Miss  Marie  J)ibble,  also  a  native  of  Oregon, 
born  in  1850,  daughter  of  ILtrace  and  Julia 
iJihble,  yet  living.  Mrs.  Lewis  is  also  the  niece 
of  Senator  George  D.  Wright,  of  l)eni.son,  Iowa. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  have  two  boys,  Mark  Twa'ii 
and  Re.\  Wayne.  Mr.  Lewis  is  a  Mason,  both 
blue  lodge  and  chapter,  and,  politically,  he  is  a 
Kepidilican.  He  has  .served  very  efficiently  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  was  Postmaster  at 
Dundee  for  the  period  of  three  years.  .Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Lewis  enjoy  the  esteem  and  respect  of  a 
large  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances. 


jP|KNJAMIN  F.  LINN,  a  pioneer  fanner 
sP)  "'"^  lumberman  of  ClacKamas  county, 
*e!^  Oregon,  was  born  in  the  State  of  Illinois, 
April  15,  184ti.  He  is  descended  from  ances- 
tors who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Phillip  Linn,  his  father,  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  in  early  life  moved  to  Kentucky. 
In  the  latter  State  he  was  married  to  Mies  Ma- 
hala  McDannald,  a  Kentucky  lady,  and  in  1832 
they  settled  in  Illinois.  They  had  a  family  of 
twelve  children.     The  wife  and  mother  died  in 


lirsTOkV    Oh'    OUKOON. 


1137 


farmer 

county, 

Illinois, 

111    ances- 

of  Penn- 


IM5H,  iiml  in  IS'iU  Mr.  Linn  >  urriud  (ij;iiin.  In 
1S(!5,  with  lii^  wifu  iiiiil  iil  Ium  cliililri'ii.  Iiu 
crossed  tlio  ])liiins  to  Orc^'Hi,  making!;  tlif  joiir- 
iicy  in  tlie  iibuiil  way,  wilii  o.x  teams.  ( *iie  of 
the  daiiij:liter8,  Martlia,  and  her  IiiisIjuihI,  Jonn- 
tlian  Loiinlierg,  died  on  tiu'  plaiiLs  iiii<l  were 
liiiric(i  hy  tiie  wayj^ide,  lie  dying  of  consumption, 
and  siio  of  mountain  fever.  After  live  montiis 
and  eighteen  duys  tiic  Liiin  family  reached  their 
destination  at  I'^ai^lc  creek  in  ('liickanias  county. 
Witli  his  oldest  son,  W.  T.,  Mi',  l.inn  |)urchaacd 
a  section  of  land  and  hnilc  a  gristmill.  On 
ihis  property  the  father  livc^l  iiiid  iahorod  until 
1888,  wlieii  death  called  him  to  liis  last  home. 
lie  was  in  iudustrions  ami  npriirht  man,  and 
was  a  worthy  incmhertif  the  Methodist  Church 
South.     His  wife  died  in    18ttl. 

Benjamin  F.  Linn,  the  siv  i-liorn  in  his 
father's  family,  was  in  his  iiineteeiith  year  whci 
he  arrived  in  Oregon.  On  this  overland  jour- 
ney lie  drove  a  lour-inule  team  all  the  way.  lie 
remained  with  his  father  until  lie  was  twenty 
one.  Then  he  rented  a  sawmill  at  Milwaukee 
and  ran  it  three  years.  The  following;  two  years 
he  fanned  on  Mill  cicek,  having  purchased  land 
there,  which,  at  the  end  "f  two  years,  he  sold. 
He  then  bought  a  sect  ion  (pf  land  with  a  sawmill 
on  it,  and  this  mill  he  has  since  run  success- 
fully,  liavMig  added  to  it  a  planing  niill,  and 
now  utili  .ing  both  water  and  steam,  as  occasion 
requires.  lie  has  a  large  local  <leniiiiicl  for  his 
lumber.  From  time  to  time  he  has  added  to 
his  landed  estate,  until  he  is  now  the  owner  of 
1,800  acres.  He  gets  his  KU|iply  of  timber  from 
his  own  land. 

December  2().  186'.t.  Mr.  Linn- was  married  to 
Miss  Susan  Noyer,  a  native  of  Texas,  born  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1853,  dauohter  of  I'eter  Noyer,  who 
came  to  Oregon  in  1855.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Linn 
have  had  nine  children,  of  whom  eight  are  liv- 
ing, as  follows:  Alfred  B.,  Frances  H..  Timothy, 
James  W'.,  I'eter  I'hillip,  Mihla  Jane,  Earnest 
and  Hester  Ann.     Wald  died  in  infancy. 

Mr.  Linn  affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party. 

tICHAllD  BAXTER  KXAPP,  president 
and  treasurer  of  the  agricultural  imple- 
ment firm  of  Ivnapp,  Burrell  &  Co.,  of 
Portland,  Oregon,  an  enterprising  and  public- 
spirited  citizen,  was  born  in  (ieneva,  Ohio,  July 
28,  ISiiU.     His    father,   Auren    Knapp,   was  a 


I  nativ(!  of  ('<^nnecli('Ut,  and  (le.-cended  I'l i  Puri- 
tan ancestry,  from  whom  he  inherited  (jualilies 
of  energy,  persuverence  and  great  tenacity  of 
pur])ose. 

in  1817,  when  twenty-two  years  of  age.  An- 
j  fell  ivimpii  drove  an  ox  team  from  Connecticut 
'  through  the  wildern(?s8  to  <  >iuo,  accepting;' in  de- 
fault of  cumIi  lor  eomjien-  ■oii.apieci^  td'  limber 
land  near  the  present  villa^'c  of  (Geneva,  'i'his 
he  perseveriiigly  impnjved,  and  after  complet- 
ing the  simjile  home  accommodations  of  the  pio- 
neer, he  was  married  in  Shetlield,  Lorain  county. 
Ohio,  to  Miss  Sarah  Maria  llurrell,  a  native  of 
MaBsachusetts.  They  had  seven  children,  of 
whom  the  subject  (jf  this  sketch  was  the 
youngest. 

Kichai'd  was  rear«'d  on  th<'  farm,  and  his  prin- 
ciples of  honesty,  integrity  and  Justice,  were 
strengthened  by  the  iniluence  of  a  father,  who 
was  rigorous  and  exact,  and  a  mother  of  strong 
an<l  serious  mind.  The  home  circle  was  imbued 
with  that  religious  iniluence  which  jierxaded  the 
Puritan  home  in  which  his  ])arent8  had  been 
reared. 

Iliehard  took  upon  him^.  It'al  an  early  agt^  the 
light  duties  of  farm  life,  and  his  education  was 
a  ctimbination  of  work  and  sliuly.  attending  the 
public  schools  at  intervals  until  he  was  si^iteen 
years  of  iige.  foUo'wed  by  three  years  at  a  high 
school;  tlnis  securing  a  fair  English  education. 
Completing'  his  studies  in  the  fall  of  V858.  and 
being  of  an  adventurous  and  entei'prising  di.s- 
jiosition.  he  determined  to  go  West.  Accord- 
ingly, he  went  to  Wisconsin,  where  lie  sjiciit  the 
winter,  and  in  thespringof  18.")Ustartcd  for  Ore- 
gon, via  .\'ew  York  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
to  join  his  lirother.  Jabe/.  B.  Knajip.  who  emi- 
grated to  Portland  in  1852  and  cotninenced  busi- 
ness there,  handling  farm  products,  seeds  and 
farm  implements  in  a  limited  way. 

In  the  summer  of  1857  M.  S.  Ihirrcll  came 
into  the  house  as  a  cUu'k,  and  upon  the  arrival 
of  U.  B.  Knap|>,  in  1IS.")',I.  he  also  was  employed 
in  a  similar  jwsition  until  March  1,  iMiO,  when 
a  partnership  was  foi'iiied  between. I.  B.  K'na|)|i, 
M.  S.  Burrell  and  U.  B.  Knapp  undt'r  the  lii'm 
name  of  Knapp,  P.uirell  tV:  Co.  From  that  date 
the  produce  business  was  gradually  closed  out, 
and  more  particular  attention  was  given  to  the 
implement  business,  which  was  increased  with 
the  growth  and  developmi'iit  of  the  country. 

J.  B.  Knapp,  the  founder  of  the  house,  a  man 
widely  known  and  highly  respected,  having  met 
with  reverses  in  milling  nnd  other  enterprises. 


1139 


nrSTORY    OF    OHKOON. 


ri'tinul  from  tlio  firm  in  lxT(*,  anil  took  up  IiIb 
residcMc'c  on  II  (iiiii-y  t'urni  which  lie  owned  on 
tlu;  ('ohiinl)iii  livcT,  situiitcd  Komo  twcrty  miles 
lielow  I'ortliiiitl,  where  lie  has  resided  ever  «ince., 
folhiwiiig  nil  airrii'liltnriii  life. 

Since  \^'ii)  I  he  time  and  iittention  c>f  thetirm 
liiis  heeii  entirely  devcited  to  the  fale  of  farm 
machinery,  enifines,  waijonj*  ami  veliicleH  of 
every  description.  Afr.  l^nrrell  continued  as  a 
partner  in  tlie  husinesiA  until  his  decease  in 
April,  188.").  Mr.  li.  H.  Knapp,  the  survivinif 
partner,  then  (irf;;anized  a  stock  company,  which 
was  incorporated  in  Novemlier,  ISS.",  under  the 
corporate  title  of  Knapp,  Hurrell  vV  Co.  aiul 
eomnnuiced  husiiu'ss  .laniiary  1,  l^SO.  Mr. 
Knapp  has  continued  as  the  principal  stock- 
holder, and  has  heen  ])resident  and  treaKurer  of 
the  corporation  since  its  or;,'anization. 

Jjeginninjf  in  the  days  of  small  things,  thein- 
tlueiice  of  the  house  has  attained  vast  propor 
tions,  and  hesides  the  ])arent  house  in  Portland, 
they  have  some  fifteen  liraneh  houses  located  at 
the  most  <lesiralile  points  throuirhout  <)regon 
and  Washington,  hesiiles  agencies  for  the  hand- 
lino;  of  their  goods  at  all  the  jirincipal  points  in 
Oreijon  anil  Wasliinoton. 

Mr.  Kmi|ip  was  nuirried  in  8an  Fraiu^isco  in 
18(17  to  Miss  Minnie  .V.  K'tutjip,  ji  daughter  of 
his  eldest  lirother's  second  wife,  who  lieini; 
adopted,  assuMU'd  the  family  name.  'I'hey  have 
one  child,  Lawrence  II.,  liornJunc  I,  ISfJi).  who 
has  already  identitied  himself  with  the  interest 
o!'  his  father's  husiness. 

Mr.  Kiui|pp  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  devel- 
opment of  his  adopted  city,  and  is  a  genei'ous 
eontrihutor  to  all  local  enterprises,  lie  is  a 
uuMulxM' of  the  jMasonic  order,  in  which  he  has 
taken  all  the  degrees  except  that  of  Knight  Tem- 
plar, lie  is  a  memhcr  of  the  Scottish  Kite, 
and  lielongs  to  the  Royal  Arch  and  Mystic 
Shrine.  He  has  lieen  for  many  years  a  con- 
trihutoi'  to  all  local  charities  and  heiu'volent  In- 
stitutions, without  regard  to  sect  or  creed. 

[KMl'SKY  P.  McUA.NIEL,  a  well-known 
resident  of  the  town  of  Cove,  Oregon,  is 
the  suhjwt  to  whom  we  call  rlie  attention 
of  the  readers  of  this  volume.  lit  was  horn  in 
Macon  county,  lllinnis.  September 'Ju,  ls3f.and 
was  the  second  son  ;iii<i  the  Infth  child  of  El- 
d ridge  and  I'attie  (I'oppi  McPaniel.  native*  of 


I.ogaii  county,  Kentu(d<y,  wdio  moved  to  Illinois 
It  an  early  day.  Mr.  MirDaniel  was  a  personal 
friend  of  Ahrahani  Lincoln,  the  latter  always 
stopping  with  .Mr.  Mehaniel  when  he  came  to 
Macon  county  to  attend  court.  The  father  of 
our  suhjert  was  a  farmer  liy  occupation.  l'"i)ur 
memliers  of  the  family  are  yet  living,  hut  as  the 
family  has  heen  so  separated,  our  euliject  has 
not  seen  them  for  nuiiiy  years.  Two  hrothera 
reimiin  in  Macon  county,  and  the  oidy  sister  re- 
sides in  Kansas. 

Our  siihjeet  received  his  early  education  in 
Illinois,  and  this  consisted  of  three  weeks'  school- 
ing at  a  cost  of  thii'ty-seven  and  one-half  cents. 
This  was  all,  and  his  cnnsiderahle  stock  of  learn- 
ing he  has  acquired  hy  his  own  efforts.  His 
travel  and  experience  have  taught  him  lessons 
he  could  never  have  learned  from  hooks. 

At  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  Mr.  McDaniel 
with  his  lirother  and  in  company  with  Captain 
Smith,  in  the  spring  of  185i5,  started  to  cross 
the  plains,  and  for  si.\  months  and  ten  days 
were  on  the  way,  having  many  narrow  escapes 
from  the  Indians,  hut  fimilly  reached  their  des- 
tination without  the  loss  of  any  of  the  party. 
One  of  his  adventures  almost  cost  him  his  life. 
Having  volunteered  to  go  hack  to  look  for  some 
lost  cows  with  a  jiarty  of  ten  ineti,  he  was  an- 
nir  "id  to  find  that  they  all  backed  out  from  ac- 
cepting the  dangerous  missiwn,  and,  with  the 
l)rave  fool-hardiness  of  youth,  he  went  alone,  and 
was  at  one  time  completely  surrounded  l>y  the 
Indians,  although  they  for  some  reason  did  not 
molest  or   detain   him. 

After  he  luid  reached  California  he  went  right 
at  mining,  working  for  wages  until  he  h.ad 
learned  the  nuiniie;'  of  working,  and  tl'.en  set  to 
work  for  himself.  .\t  one  time  he  had  !?25,0()0, 
hut  loaned  a  friend  .S'll.dOO  and  lost  it  all.  Then 
our  suhject  went  at  teaming,  making  money  fast 
at  this  husiness.  In  LSoti  he  entered  the  Sacra- 
mento valley,  honght  land  and  there  engaged 
in  farming,  becoming  acquainted  with  W.  S. 
Pritchard,  they  togi^ther  engaged  in  the  stock 
husiness,  and  for  a  time  conducted  this  with 
great  gain,  Imt  misfortune  came  to  them,  they 
losing  $7,000  worth  of  hogs  in  the  Hood  of  ISoS. 

Then  our  suhject  removeil  to  Maryville,  and 
stari^id  a  stock-feeding  ranch  and  a  trading  post, 
hut  h_v  this  time  his  health  had  hecome  j)Oor, 
and  he  s  )Id  out  and  quit  the  liiisiness.  This 
was  ahout  the  time  of  the  o|)ening  of  the  war,  in 
1861.  and  Mr.  McDaniel  was  one  of  the  few  men 
in  that  pa  't  of  California  who  openly  avowed  his 


■sfMimr 


niaroRY  of  onnaoN. 


11 


iuIIhm'i'iicu  to  tlio  OoveriiiiiPiit.  A  Siinitiiry 
Coininissioii  was  tbi'incil  (iiiinMg  the  loyal  men  ut' 
that  [mrt  of  ( 'alifoiiiia,  ainl  our  Biilijcct  wan 
cliosiMi  as  OIK!  of  the  otliccrH.  lie  |iaiil  ifl7A)  out 
of  his  own  jMK'ki't,  and  collccteil  a  larfjc  aiiioiiiit 
of  money  from  tlii' loyal  [U'oplo,  uliich  lie  tor 
warded  to  tlu>  Union  lio.-j)ital«  lor  the  relief  of 
tiio    Wounded    sukliero,  and  he  bbyh   that   iio  in 

firoiider  of  that  act  than  of  any  other  deed  of  hiw 
ifc.  Mr.  McDaniel  lived  in  Calil'ornia  until 
187i',  then  removed  to  liaker  City,  Orei^'oii, 
V  here  he  met  liis  old  partner,  W.  S.  I'ritchard. 
( )iir  siilijcet  t!ie!i  went  into  the  toll-road  IniBineRf, 
estahlishinf^  a  road  liy  which  he  made  consider- 
allo  nu)ney.  When  In-  removed  to  i'.aker  City, 
it  wa.s  with  the  idea  of  sendinj;  his  children  to 
8chool,  and  in  that  place  lie  engaged  in  the  livery 
linhiness  for  three  years,  then  sold  it  anil  rc- 
n)oved  to  (irande  Kondc  valley,  in  i'nion 
county,  near  Cnion.  Here  he  honirht  land  and 
engaired  in  tanning  and  stock-raising,  hut  later 
Bold  the  farm  and  with  his  son-in-law,  H.  1'. 
Stewart,  bought  400  head  of  liorscB,  which  they 
drove  to  Montana  and  sold.  Tlii.s  was  a  suc- 
cessful venture,  and  they  followed  it  by  buying 
adroveof  cattle,  shipping  thcin  to  Helena,  Mon- 
tana, these  being  the  first  cattle  shipped  over  the 
Northern  I'acitic  railroad.  'I'liis  proved  a  loss. 
After  returning  home  our  subject  was  ap])ointed 
a  eominissioiier  in  connection  with  two  others, 
to  build  a  road  that  the  State  had  engaged  to 
construct,  ami  ^[r.  McDaniels  was  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  Hoard  and  successfully  built  the 
road.  In  IHfiy  our  subject  had  some  thrilling 
experiences  with  the  Indians.  He  had  taken 
up  a  claim  to  a  large  body  of  land  in  Pitt  river 
valley,  right  among  the  wild  Modocs.  The  In- 
dians gave  him  so  inuih  tr(>id)le  that  he  sold  out 
and  let't  the  place.  Before  this  he  was  one  day 
warned  by  an  old  Indian  that  a  raid  was  going 
to  be  maile  upon  him,  therefore  he  immediately 
took  his  family  into  linrgetville,  but  he  returned 
all  alone  to  protect  his  farm  and  pro|)t'rty.  Ilis 
only  coinpanions  were  two  dogs,  fivc^  reliable 
guns  and  revolvers,  and  plenty  of  ammunition. 
Making  jiortholes  to  his  house,  he  was  soon  well 
fortified,  but  the  Indians  disbanded  and  ilid  not 
molest  him,  going  back  to  the  reservation.  Feel- 
ing that  this  life  was  too  trying  on  his  family, 
Mr.  McDaniels  moved  back  to  Tnion  county, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising  ever  since,  being  now  Stock  Inspector  of 
Union  county,  having  filled  that  position  for 
several  years.  -        - 


Our  subject  wasunirried  March.  In.",',  to  Mis» 
Anutnila  Humus,  a  natixe  of  Wisconsin,  and 
they  have  a  family  of  four  children,  namely: 
Charles,  attendinir  colleife  at  llui.'i'Mr;  Sim  is  at 
lioMM'  rtilh  his  I'uthei'.  farming;  Mrs.  11.  I*. 
Stewart  and  Mrs.  W.  S.  I'lilchard.  I'lrlitically, 
our  subject  is  n  strong  and  tried   Kepublican. 


fASI'KU  NEWTON  McKINiNKV,  a  pio 
nee!'  of  1^45,  and  one  of  Hillsborough's 
most  substantial  liiisiness  men,  was  lidrii  in 
Di's  Moines  county.  Iowa,  hecomber  "JO.  lS;tS. 
His  father,  William  McKinney.  was  born  in 
Ohio  in  180"J.  His  grandfather  was  from  Ire- 
land, and  came  to  America  soon  after  the  Kcvo- 
lution.  Mr.  McKimu'y  married  Ilenryanna 
Walters,  and  they  had  six  children  in  Iowa.  In 
the  sjiriiig  of  1^44  they  staitcd  to  cross  the 
]ilains  for  Oregon  with  two  wagons,  drawn  by  a 
sntlicient  number  of  oxen.  They  remained  at 
St  .losej)h,  Missouri,  till  the  following  spring, 
and  then  joined  a  train  of  100  wagons,  and 
started  upon  their  long  and  perilous  jourtiey  to 
a  land  then  thickly  inhabited  by  Indians  and 
wild  beasts.  .lasper  was  then  in  his  fifth  year, 
so  has  but  a  slight  recollection  of  the  journey. 
The  journey  was  a  safe  one,  but  they  suffered 
some  from  shortness  of  provisions.  Wlcn  they 
came  down  the  Columbia  on  rafts  from  the 
Dalles  and  reached  Vancouver,  they  fouiul  a 
schooner  to  take  them  farther  on  their  trip,  but 
on  examination,  the  boat  proved  to  be  unsea- 
wortliy,  and  they  were  obliged  to  stop  for  re- 
pairs. As  it  was  cold  and  raining  at  Viincouver, 
they  went  into  a  large  tent  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  and  found  large  kettles  filled  with  bai-ley 
and  beef  boiling.  The  hungry  women  and 
children  l.i'lpcd  themselves  out  of  the  kittles. 
The  woman  in  the  tevt  was  an  Indian,  the  wife 
of  a  white  man.  She  was  very  kind  and  fed 
the  hungry  peojile  with  beef,  bread  and  tea, 
which  they  greatly  enjoyed.  After  som.'  days 
spent  in  repairing,  they  went  on  board,  '.ni!  after 
traveling  for  several  days,  laiule'l  ;..  l''inton  in 
November,  and  from  there  went  on  to  Wash- 
ington county.  They  spen'.  the  wintt^r  near 
Glencoe,  and  lived  almof,t  entirely  on  lioiled 
wheat,  ])Otatoes  and  meat.  Mr.  .Alclvinnej'.  Sr., 
took  a  donation  claim  of  G40  acres  of  land  and 
built  a  log  house  on  it.  He  farmed  the  land 
until    the   gold  excitement    of  lS4',t,  when    he 


mi 


1140 


lUSTOUY    OF    OBBOON. 


■Jfi'l 


.;ir  !    ! 


lit'' 


went  overland  f(p  California  and  cnifairwl  in 
iriiiiini^.  lie  did  well,  and  in  a  year  n'tiirneil 
lioiiu',  and  tlie)'  iijii^ratcd  to  Doiiolas  county. 
<  >ii  the  Mjiitli  1  ni|i(|Ma  ri\e  he  look  another 
donation  claim,  mi  wliieh  Hiey  rcBided  lor  ciglit 
years  and  tlitMi  M)ld  it  and  wont  east  of  the 
mountains  ami  took  nj)  stock-raisino.  Ju  ISGi] 
he  rctnrncd  and  retired  fioni  active  hnsiiiees, 
an<l  resided  uith  hi>  (•hildi'en  until  his  death  in 
JHSit.  His  widow  still  survives  and  lives  with 
lier  dauoliior.  Nfrs.  (Jornelins,  in  Kast  I'tirtland. 
She  is  now  in  her  eiirhty-fifth  year,  and  is  in 
the  enjoyment  of  good  health,  and  is  hi;,fhly 
esteemed  by  all  wiio  know  her. 

J.  N.  Mclvinney  was  in  the  cattle  business 
east  of  the  mountains  till  lS(i4.  lie  then  re- 
lumed to  Wa.^hiti^ton  county  and  took  up  farm- 
ino;  tor  several  years,  hut  in  18.S0  he  entei'ed 
into  the  livery  husiiiess  in  Jlillsl'ii'ongh,  and  i.s 
in  the  same  Inisiiu'ss  at  this  date.  IJe  lias  just 
completed  a  tine  stable,  and  is  fully  up  with  the 
times  in  every  respect. 

He  oiarried  l\lissJaue  Coriielius.  the  daugh- 
ter of  Mr.  Denjamin  ('(uiiolius.  a  jiioneer  who 
went  to  Oregon  in  the  same  train  that  the  Mc- 
Kimu'vs  were  in.  'I'liey  had  two  daughters; 
.Sarah  .lane,  now  the  wife  of  Mr  11.  (t.  Aseoil: 
and  Kachel  ,Vnn,  who  married  Mr.  Uollis  Con- 
over.  Mrs.  McKinney  died  in  l!i71,'and  two 
years  later  .Mr.  McKinney  married  Miss  Sarah 
lirown.  They  luid  three  sous  and  a  daughter, 
luimely;  William  Walter.  James  Montgomery, 
lierliy  and  Susie.  His  second  wife  died  in 
1S',(2." 

Mr.  Mclvinney  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  1'., 
and  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  is  a  reliable 
citizen  of  Hillsborough,  and  is  highly  esteemed 
by  all  his  fellow-citizens. 

j^KANK  (i.  McLKNCll,  one  of  Oregon's 
native  sons,  was  horn  in  I'olk  county, 
.'^  ugust  7,  1853.     His  father,  lieiijamin  F. 

NiiLench,  was  born  in  Kenebec  county,  Maine, 
in  IH'So.  The  family  is  of  Scotch  aucesti'y 
that  settled  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  and  came 
to  America  prior  to  the  Itevolntiou.  On  the 
maternal  side  the  family  was  of  Knglish  origin, 
and  can  be  traced  among  the  early  settlers  of 
America.  Our  fliibject's  great-granfather,  John 
McLench,  was  a  colonel  in  the  Ikcvoliitionary 
wfir,  and  his  son,  also,  .lolm,  was  a  lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  war  of  l^l'J.     The  father  of  our 


subject  nuirried  Mary  .\.  Crcy,  a  native  oi 
Vermont,  anil  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Orey.  of 
Irish  auce>trv.  who  emigrated  to  America  just 
after  the  l{evi)lulion.  She  was  one  of  the  seven 
ladies  who  came  to  Oregon  by  water,  in  1851, 
tlie  e.xpenses  being  paid  by  (Congress.  Mr.  Mc- 
Leiudi  came  to  Oregon  the  ])reviou8  year,  and 
August  "-28,  IS52,  they  were  nuirried.  After 
their  inarriaiie  they  settled  on  a  domition  claim, 
in  Spring  valley.  I'olk  county,  where  Mr-'Mc- 
l,encii  buill  a  little  cabin,  and  in  this  they  be- 
gan the  lib' of  an  Oregon  jiioneer.  The  live 
stock  consisted  of  a  cow,  a  pig  and  two  horses. 
On  this  property  hv  labored  for  forty  years, 
raised  his  fan)ily  and  made  the  prcperty  a 
valuable  farm.  He  built  upon  it  and  the  fini^ 
residence  he  erected  is  still  staiuling.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  fai'ui.  he  had  acquired  other  land, 
which  he  bestowed  upoti  his  childi'en,  and  a 
nice  home  in  Salem,  to  which  he  retired  from 
the  farm  six  months  before  his  death,  wliicli 
occurred  February  11,  1891.  He  had  been  a 
member  of  the  I'aptist  Church  for  twenty-nine 
years,  was  a  lieutenant- colonel  in  the  ()regon 
^'olunteers,  having  received  his  ajipoiutmoiit 
from  (ioveruor  Davis,  but  was  obliged  to  resitin 
from  this  position,  on  account  of  the  ill  health 
of  his  wife.  Previous  to  his  death  he  w.aa 
elected  Commissioner  of  the  County,  in  which 
position  he  served  three  and  one  half  years,  but 
at  last  was  compelled  to  resign,  on  account  of 
failini;  health.  Previous  to  the  late  war,  he  was  a 
Douglas  Democrat,  but  after  the  tiring  on  F'ort 
Sumter,  he  joined  the  I'anks  of  the  Republican 
jjarly,  and  was  a  strong  Fnion  man  until  his 
death,  lie  had  one  son  aiul  threfe  daughters, 
one  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  and  the  others 
were:  Mary  E.,  wife  of  A.  E.  Watson,  resides 
in  Salem;  .Mice  E..  wife  of  F.  P.  Calwell,  re- 
sides 0!i  the  old  dnnation  claim;  Frank  (!.,  the 
oldest.  The  oldest  dauohter  is  a  c;raduate  of 
the  Willamette  I'niversity;  the  other  of  the 
high  fichool. 

Our  subject,  who  kitidly  furnished  the  data 
for  this  sketch,  was  also  educated  at  the  Willam- 
ette University,  has  since  read  both  law  and 
medicine,  l)ut  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  studies 
on  account  of  the  ill  health  of  his  lather,  which 
compelled  his  attention  to  farm  duties.  He  h:is 
helped  to  mamige  the  farm  for  the  past  twenty 
years. 

In  188S)  he  married  Mrs.  Amanda  Ilobbs,  a 
native  "f  Mason  county,  Illinois.  She  had  one 
ch'h;  l,v  1  er  tirst  husband:  Willie  Ilobbs.   After 


»^ftW>W*MMH|fc«iWI1ill'i*lM'«MO*'*  ttf«*««AW'*tM«Mi 


irfsTonr  of  ouKimN. 


1)41 


inarriiigc,  ^^r.  ami  Mrs.  McLciicli  fiettlwl  on 
tlii-ir  pn-rteiit  fiinii  of  210  arrus,  on  wliicli  Mr. 
Mel  "f'.li  liar<  liuilt  n  oikhI  fnrin  resiiltiiuv,  in 
whiii-    onitlo  this  liap()y  cijII|jIi'. 

In  luiditioii  to  his  fartninn;  interests.  Mr.  Me- 
Lencli  is  iiite.vsteii  in  eoal.  iron  and  gold  mines. 
H<(  is  a  li^'pubiican  in  politiits,  und  is  very  ninch 
interested  in  the  edueatiuiml  affairs  of  his  sec- 
tion. He  has  served  as  ("lerk  of  tin-  8(diiK)l 
Board,  and  i.s  an  indnstrioiis.  capahle  and  intel- 
liijent  gentleni.m,  who  is  read^  ami  willing  to 
lend  a  helping  hand  to  whatever  promises  to  be 
of  benefit  to  his  county  or  State. 

fCDGE  .lOIJN  HUllCll  MKJLANK  and 
his  esteemed  wife  are  tlie  two  e»^liest  set- 
tlers of  the  city  of  Salem  now  iivirtsr  (1891). 
having  located  here  in  l>J4i}.  H<'  was  ijorn  in 
the  city  of  Plii]adel|)hia.  January  31,  182(t,  a 
son  of  Jolin  McCMane,  who  em  iterated  from  tli« 
nortli  of  Ireland  to  America  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen years;  he  settled  in  i'hilaileiplii*.  and  tiiei'e 
was  mari'ied  to  Miss  Miiry  Swallow,  a  native  of 
Now  Castle,  Delaware:  tliey  had  a  family  of 
five  children,  of  whom  John  l'>.  is  ne.xt  t;  the 
yonngest.  He  was  ediiwited  in  his  native  city, 
and  tliere  learned  the  trade  of  morocco  finisher. 
In  his  twenty-second  year  he  went  to  Xew  ( tr- 
leuns,  his  objective  point  being  Texas,  and  hi* 
intention,  to  join  the  forces  of  (ienerul  Houston. 
This  project  was  abandoned,  however,  but  be- 
fore leaving  Xew  Orleans  the  yellow  fever 
Sroke  out,  and  he  made  a  precipitate  retreat. 
He  went  to  St.  Lonis,  and  after  a  few  weeks  in 
that  city,  went  to  Hurlington.  Iowa,  where  he 
spent  the  winter.  Attracted  by  the  •'Donation" 
bill  that  wasabout  to  be  passed  in  ( )regon,  he  de- 
cided to  come  to  this  coast.  A  company  of 
150  was  raised,  of  which  he  was  elected  cap- 
tain. A  man  was  sent  ahead  to  ludependene.e. 
but  as  heilid  not  return,  only  thriM^  of  the  large 
company  started.  At  lnile])cndence  they  were 
ro-en  forced  by  a  caravan  of  400  wagons,  'y<i\) 
loose  cattle,  and  strange  as  the  coincidence  may 
be,  999  souls. 

At  Soda  Sjiriugs  Dr.  Whitnnui.  a  guide  by 
the  name  of  KecorJ,  Foi'd  1'.  Whitman  and 
Judge  McClane  formed  a  Jiarty  to  go  ahead  to 
Oregon;  they  8])cnt  ten  days  at  Fort  Hull  witii 
riovernor  Grant,  and  while  there  the  train 
came    up.     Governor  Grant  advised  the  em! 


grants  to  abandon  I  heir  wagons  ami  buy  ponie> 
to  iiack  their  iroods,  but,  bv  tlu'  counsel  of  Dr. 
Whitimin.  they  kept  llieir  wagons.  Two  horses 
Were  hitched  to  a  wagon,  and  driven  by  Judge 
Mc(,'laiie,  it  made  a  trail  which  leil  tiie  band 
through  in  safety.  In  .S'ptember,  I^IH.  Judge 
McClane  came  to  Salem;  the  Mclh<Hlisl  Mis 
sion  was  started,  and  a  saw  and  grist  mill  was 
ill  operation,  and  there  was  one  other  iiouse. 
Our  subject  settled  upon  (!40  acres  of  land,  al- 
though the  ■"Donation"  bill  had  not  yet  been 
passed.  The  next  year  he  bought  seventy-tive 
head  of  hogs,  at  ^4  each,  from  the  mission, 
which  had  been  abandoned.  After  six  months 
he  sold  his  squatter's  right  and  record  for  a 
good  sum,  anil  purchasi^d  (340  acres  at  Walla 
prairie,  which  he  b(^gan  to  eultivate.  It  was 
W'i  long  until  lie  purchased  a  half-inti-rest  in 
the  mill  at  I  he  mission,  of  which  he  took  charge; 
the  business  was  fair,  hut  after  the  stream 
dried  up.  .luuge  McClane  put  in  a  new  set  of 
stones,  and  remodeled  the  entire  establishment, 
making  it  the  best  mill  in  Oregon. 

In  l>ecember,  1847,  he  enlisted  for  service  in 
the  < 'ay use  war;  the  Marion  comity  men  pro- 
posed that  he  be  elected  Captain,  lint  (ieneral  (lil- 
1am  desitt-i  that  he  slioiihl  be  a  stall  otticer  with 
the  rank  and  pay  of  Cajilain;  he  also  acted  as 
private,  and  was  with  the  general  until  his  death, 
whieli  resulted  from  the  accidental  discharge  of 
a  gun  that  was  lying  in  a  wagon,  from  which  he 
ww«-  getting  a  rope;  the  bullet  struck  the  miildlo 
of  his  foreliead,  and  passed  nearly  through  his 
head;  he  fell  and  never  spoke  again.  Judge 
Mc('lanc  received  only  the  pay  of  a  private 
from  the  Government. 

Alter  his  return  from  the  Indian  war.  witli  a 
c.om|iaiiy  -A  eleven  men.  he  went  to  tht;  gold- 
liehis  of  California,  and  mined  four  months  at 
Itedding.  in  Shasta  county;  the  first  pan  he 
washt^"!  oBl  --ontiiined  S)JO,  and  his  success  con- 
tinued; he  went  from  this  point  to  Sutter's 
fort.  laj.  i  in  a  supply  of  provisions,  and  started 
to  riijK.  l>.g  bar  on  the  .Vmerican  rive"*;  here  he 
m  n*^l  a  month,  taking  out  8200  a  day.  He 
tiieti  returtK"!  to  Sutter's  fort  and  bought  (iOU 
p«nml8  of  provisions;  with  this,  packed  on  three 
iiorses,  he  start^^l  back  to  the  diggings;  the 
Hrst  night  out,  he  and  his  companions  c.imped 
on  the  hills,  and  before  morning  two  of  their 
horses  were  Bt( 'Ion ;  lu' went  in  pursuit  of  the 
thieves,  but  failed  to  overtake  them.  Fortu- 
nately, a  teamster  v-amo  along,  and  by  the  ex- 
change of  conrtesies,  Judge  McClane  succeeded 


i 


1142 


UtafoRt  oh'  oHFJioN. 


in  fretting  to  tlie  iliij;giMp;>  witli  his  provisions. 
l''or  ii  I'tivv  diiys  lollouin^  lie  took  out  only  an 
ouiKto  of  jj;olil  u  (iiiy.  liut  later  lie  .struck  a  I'icli 
vein,  iiniJ  realizcil  froin  !?10()  to  82(K)  ii  day. 

Wlicii  at  Sutter's  fort,  in  March,  where  lie 
had  gone  to  look  after  liis  horses,  he  learned 
that  a  steamer  was  to  sail  rom  San  l-'raiicisco 
for  Oregon,  lie  fold  his  horses,  ahandoned  Ids 
mines  ami  out  tit,  and  went  to  San  Francisco; 
there  he  purchased  merchandise  witli  his  gold, 
lint  as  the  ship  diil  not  arrive  as  e,\pected,  he 
and  another  gentleman  chartered  a  vessel,  and 
went  to  Oreffon;  the  expenses  of  the  vessel  was 
eancelled  by  (jiie  trunkful  of  goods.  I'pon  his 
rctni'n  to  Oregon,  he  ojiened  a  store  and  contin- 
ued his  milling  operations. 

lie  was  married  to  Helen  C.  Johnson,  a 
(hinghter  of  Rev.  L.  II.  Johnson,  a  missionary 
of  tlie  Methodist  Kpiseopal  Church;  he  had 
linilt  the  iirst  house  in  Salem.  The  Judge 
continueil  his  nulling  business  until  ISS'J, 
wluMi    he    sold    his    interest    for  $15,000.      In 


I'lp    to 
Nicarf 


family,  going  via  tlie  Nicaraugiia  route.  I'pon 
his  return,  in  ISofi,  he  found  his  place  jumped, 
and  he  entered  a  suit,  which  lasted  thirteen 
years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  Ids  claim  was 
sui  tained.  For  sevei'al  years  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  real-estate  transactions  on  his  own 
iiLi'ount:  he  owns  a  large  amount  of  property 
in  Salem,  and  has  an  aitdition  to  the  city,  in 
which  there  are  many  valuable  lota  for  sale. 

Judge  and  Mrs.  McClane  are  the  parents  of 
sixteen  children,  nine  of  whom  are  living: 
George  F. ;  Louie  I!.;  Annie  1.,  wife  of  J.  11. 
McCiirmic;  Eva  E.,  wife  of  Samuel  Nutting; 
(Charles  II.;  James  L. ;  Xellie  II..  wife  of  Pu- 
laski (ininii:   llarrold  G.;  and  John  B. 

Judge  McUlane  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and 
lias  been  closely  connected  with  local  politics; 
he  has  the  honor  of  having  l)een  the  first  Post- 
master of  Salem,  and  in  1851  he  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  Marion  comity,  serving  one  term; 
in  IStiO  he  again  received  the  appointment  of 
Postmaster  of  Salem;  he  has  been  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  several  years,  and  served  two 
terms  as  State  Librarian;  he  was  at  one  time 
Hailiff  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in  1885  he  re- 
ceived the  ajjpointment  of  Indian  Agent,  and 
served  four  years.  It  is  tiow  almost  iialf  a  cen- 
tury since  Judge  McClane  crossed  the  plains 
:uid  mountains  and  rivers  to  the  Pacific  coast; 
he  has  seen  tlie  growth  of  villages  into  cities, 
and  the  development  of  the  wiM  land  into  a  fer- 


;eu  liy  a  in 
All  hfiiior 


lap- 


tile  fanning  section,  thickly  inhabited 
py,  prosperous,  inte!lig(Mit  peopN'.  All  hf)iior  to 
the  pioneers,  who,  by  their  courage  and  indus- 
try have  wrought  so  great  a  work  as  the  coin- 
monweakh  of  I  )r(^iron. 


^m^^m^m^ 


-=^4 


AKLEY  MoDONALl),  a  respected  ami 
worthy  jjioneer  of  1850.  one  of  those  ad- 
venturous, enterprising  sjiirits,  who  helped 
to  lay  the  solid  foundation  on  which  the  iiiag- 
nifictmt  suporstrneturc*  of  this  vast  common- 
wealth now  rises  in  un>urpasse:'  »pl'  '■  ,  was 
liorn  in  the  smallest  of  States  in  size,  ''I'V.  ■',  hich 
makes  up  in  i]uality  what  it  lacks  in  (juaniity, 
namely,  Rhode  Island.  In  thi.s  pet  State  of  the 
Union  his  birth  occurred  on  July  21,  1825. 
His  great-great-grandfather,  John  McDonald, 
was  a  native  of  Scotland,  but  came  to  Rhode 
Island  many  years  previous  to  the  Revolution 
ary  war.  llis  son,  I'arucli  McDonald,  was  a 
farmer  in  Johnstown,  Rhode  Island.  lie  mar- 
ried Elsie  Spiague,  of  the  same  State,  who  was 
a  member  of  the  celebrated  family  of  Spragues 
of  that  State.  Raruch  was  a  valiant  soldier  in 
the  Revolutionary  war.  Uis  son,  Captain  John 
McDonald,  was  also  born  in  J(jhnstown,  and 
married  in  179()  Rhoda  I'everly,  of  Providence, 
Rhode  Island.  Ills  son,  John  McDonald,  Jr., 
was  also  born  in  Johnstown,  on  May  2li,  1790, 
and  married  ^liss  Mary  Phillips,  a  daughter  of 
Luke  Phillips,  and  born  in  F(jater,  Rhode  Is- 
land, November  26,  1800.  They  had  three 
children,  two  of  whom  are  living:  A  daughter, 
now  Mrs.  Martha  Coflin,  of  Rhode  Island;  and 
the  subject  of  our  sketch.  The  mother  died 
November  2(5,  1S26,  on  her  twenty-sixth  birth- 
day, and  his  father  survived  until  September  15, 
18-14,  when  he  died  in  the  midst  of  a  host  (jf 
admiring  friends.  They  were  both  highly  es- 
teemed for  their  many  virtues,  and  were  lament- 
ed by  all  who  knew  them. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  ami 
educated  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  (jf  an  architect  and  builder,  at 
which  he  workeil  in  his  native  city  until  18-18, 
at  which  time  gold  was  discoverecl  in  California. 
The  rej)orts  from  that  far-distant  country,  grew 
like  a  snowball  in  size,  until  by  the  time  they 
had  reached  the  extreme  Fast,  no  measure  could 
tuicompass  them,  or  j)ower  restrain  them. 
Among  those  whose  imaginations  were  tired 
by    these    marvelous    reports    was    the   J'onng 


nrsTonr  of  oRHnoN. 


ih;i 


arcliiti'ct  of  I'rovidciicc.  who  naturally  l<iii<;e(i 
to  sec  this  El  Doradd.  His  <lusiic  was  ii\  tiiiio 
executed.  He  nn-iveii  in  iSaii  FranciHco  in 
August,  1849,  in  the  ship,  Hopewell.  Mttlelioli', 
master.  Therein-  enijaifed  in  coiitraetinj',  but 
in  February,  1850,  lie  went  to  the  niineti  at 
Downieville.  on  the  Vubit  river,  where  he  niined 
for  himsi^lf. 

While  prospecting  fur  gold,  going  over  the 
suintnit  of  the  mountains,  he  twice  narrowly 
escaped  fi'oni  death.  He  was  first  captured  liy 
live  Digi^er  Indians,  who  took  from  him  his 
outlit,  stri[)ped  and  hound  him  hy  his  neck 
and  Ixidy,  with  his  hack  to  triH',  and  made 
marks  on  dilferent  parts  of  his  body,  at  which 
to  aim,  the  chief  making  his  mark  on  the 
center  of  liis  forehead,  while  the  others  marked 
him  on  his  body.  They  then  harassed  him 
by  stepping  back  and  taking  aim  at  him  with 
their  bows  and  arrows,  the  cord  in  tlie  mean- 
while being  so  tight  around  his  neck  as  to  in- 
terfere with  bis  breathing.  While  this  was 
taking  place,  one  of  the  Indians  discovered  a 
small  testament  in  his  vest  pocket,  that  had 
been  given  him  by  bis  siiiter,  (.'ofin,  when  ho 
was  leaving  for  Ciditbrnia.  In  this  book  the 
Indian  observed  a  small  ])i(',ture  of  the  crnci- 
fi.xion.  on  seeing  which,  he  crossed  himsoif,  and 
showed  it  to  tlie  others,  upon  which  they  all 
made  the  sign  of  the  cross.  They  then  untied 
their  victim,  put  his  clothes  on  him,  and  per- 
mitted him  to  iro.  As  soon  as  he  recovered 
from  his  weak  and  dazed  condition,  he  decided 
to  leave  the  trail,  for  fear  of  more  trouble. 

lie  had  not  gone  far  when  he  \va8  surprised 
by  a  large  grizzly  bear,  which  arose  on  its 
hind  legs  and  looked  at  him.  Having  no 
weapon  with  which  to  defend  liimself,  Mr. 
McDonald  stejipeil  behind  a  tree,  and  slipped 
away  an  (piietly  as  ])ossible,  thus  eluding 
an  attack.  He  then  made  his  way  back  to 
the  whites,  and  found  them  pre])aring  to  pursue 
the  Indi'.iis,  who  had  killed  some  miners  a /ew 
days  previously.  They  pursueil  the  Indians, 
and  overti'l<ing  them  in  camp  at  night,  they 
killed  one.  eaptnred  tour,  and  one  boy  escapi'<l. 
These  '  ley  took  to  Marysville  and  tried  them 
for  the  murders,  an<l  the  Indians  were  bung  by 
a  vigilance  committee. 

While  in  the  mines  Mr.  McDonald  took  out 
considerable  gold,  and  now  wears  on  his  finger 
a  ring  made  from  the  first  gold  he  dug  on  Fos- 
ter's bar,  which  serves  as  t  memento  uf  the  dan- 
gers he  unilerwent  in  the  times  of  184y-'50. 


When  in  San  Francisco,  he  worked  some  at 
his  trade,  ami  is  credited  with  making  the  first 
sash  doors  in  San  Francisco,  wliich  were  made 
from  a  rei|woo<l  log  towed  by  him  acrci>s  the 
bay,  and  which  were  nuule  for  a  nnm  who  aftiu-- 
ward  distiiiguirhed  liimself  in  llie  great  civil 
war,  (ieueral  W.  T.  Sherman. 

Mr.  McDonald  rennmcd  a  year  in  C'alifornia, 
an<l  was  one  of  tht^  first  contractors  and  builders 
in  San  Francisco.  At  the  expiration  of  this 
tinu',  he  determined  on  gi'in'g  to  Fori  land,  Ore- 
gon, whicli  h<^  accordinjijly  did.  taking  |ms>nge 
on  the  brig,  Tan|Uena,  and  arriving  at  .\storia 
about  the  middle  of  .Inly,  1850,  whence  he  came 
to  I'ortland.  Here  he  worked  at  his  business 
l'(ir  eight  years,  gaining  the  reputation  of  being 
a  capable  and  reliable  contractor  and  builder. 
.\mong  other  work  that  he  did  in  that  eai'ly  day 
ill  Portland,  mav  be  mentioned  the  building  of 
the  First  (longregatioiial  church,  ami  he  also 
bnilt  the  Iloosier,  thetii'st  steamboat  which  ran 
on  the  Willamette  river. 

In  1^58  he  eam(»  to  Forest  (irove,  where  he 
built  the  First  Congregational  church  and 
several  other  buildings.  In  l8tiU  he  went  to 
Salem,  where  he  resideil  for  ten  years,  and  was 
next  a  residentof  I'ortland  foraconple  of  years, 
limilly  returning  to  Forest  (Jrove,  wlu're  liejinr- 
chased  lots,  and  built  the  bouse  in  which  he  now 
resides,  located  at  the  corner  of  Mulberry  and 
Flm  streets. 

For  the  last  twenty-five  years  Mr.  McDoiuild 
has  been  largely  ent;atred  in  (lovernment  work, 
as  architect  and  superintendent,  and  has  ac- 
quired a  wide  and  favorable  reputation  in  his 
business.  The  monuments  of  his  ability  and 
skill  are  scattered  all  over  the  commonwealth, 
and  shall  enduie  as  lasting  testaments  of  his  ta! 
cut. 

He  was  married  on  September  5,  1847,  to 
Miss  Metsey  M.  Sampson,  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  of  Puritan  ancestry,  tracing  back  to 
the  landing  at  Plymouth  Rock.  On  her  moth- 
er's side  she  was  a  Nelson,  a  well-kiKiwn  family 
of  I'arly  New  England.  Her  maternal  gran<l- 
fatber,  C!olonel  John  Nelson,  was  a  prominent 
pioneer  of  Lakeville,  Massacdiusetts. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McDonald  have  had  eight 
children:  William  II.  was  born  in  Ilhode  Is- 
land; Clwiles  II.  was  born  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
Septemlx'r  !t,  1852.  where  he  still  resides;  Ella 
Frances,  of  Portland,  was  born  March  21,  1855; 
Lulu  .\nnette,  of  I'ortland,  born  May  B,  1857, 
died  December   20.  1889;  Edwin  8.,  living   in 


\Ui 


nlSTOKY    OF    OREGON. 


Von'r^t  (irovd,  WHS  born  Aiii^iist  5,  IXD'J;  Jdhn 
C,  of  Salom,  born  July  l!i.  iStil:;  and  l^ela 
licrta  anil  Tillio  Anne,  twins,  were  born  April 
2(],  18(;i), 

Mr.  McDonald  icsided  in  Portland  wlicn  that 
(•ity  was  inforjioiatuil.  and  he  was electod  a  nieni- 
licr  of  the  lir^t  Council  of  tlie  city.  lie  has  been 
;i  strai<;iit  and  consistent  Ki'pubiican  since  the 
orj^anization  of  the  party.  He  and  his  faithful 
wife  lire  woi'thy  iiieuihers  of  the  Gonirregational 
Church,  in  the  welfare  of  which  they  take  an 
active  interest. 

t  )f  a  spotless  record,  he  coniinands  the  respect 
of  all,  while  his  cordial  manners  have  endeared 
him  to  a  lar<ic  coiiiraunity. 


•ILI.IAM  MKUCllAXT,  a  prominent 
,-.^j..„  farmer  of  Yam  Hill  county,  and  an 
It^TJ  C)i'e<ron  pioneer  of  1847,  was  born  in 
Davis  county,  Iowa,  tluly  1~,  1843. 

Robert  JVIerchant,  his  father,  was  born  in 
Alloway,  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  in  17U7,  of  Scotch 
ancestry.  At  ten  years  of  age  lie  was  bound 
out  to  learn  the  trade  of  shoemaker,  and  when 
he  was  sixteen  he  came  to  America,  landing 
here  in  181;].  He  settled  in  Ohio  and  worked 
at  his  trade  for  a  number  of  years.  In  1888  he 
tnarrie(l  Miss  Lucretia  Stewart,  a  native  of  Ohio 
and  the  dauifhter  of  Daniel  Stewart  of  tlu.t 
State,  of  Scotch  descent.  After  their  marriage 
they  moved  to  Illinois,  and  from  there  went  to 
Iowa.  In  1847  the  jirospectof  a  donation  farm, 
a  mile  S(|uare,  in  the  rich  soil  and  mild  climate 
of  Oregon  induced  biin  to  again  turn  his  stej)8 
toward  the  setting  sun.  "With  his  wife  and 
three  children,  .Vndrew,  Sarah  Jane  and  Will- 
iam, and  his  wife's  sister  and  her  two  children, 
he  starred  across  thejilains  with  ox  tciims.  This 
journey  was  Mtended  with  some  diHicnlty  and 
the  loss  of  much  of  their  stock,  but  they  reached 
Oregon  City  in  safety  on  the  27th  of  Se[)tember, 
1847.  Coming  to  North  Yam  Hill,  the  father 
purchased  a  man's  title  to  a  donation  (daim,  and 
estat)lished  his  family  in  the  little  log  cabin  that 
was  already  on  it.  The  cracks  in  this  cabin  were 
large  enough  for  the  children  to  crawl  through; 
they  lived  on  a  dirt  tloor,  and  the  father  was 
!?50  in  debt.  They  experienced  many  hai'dshipa. 
buf  they  lived  in  hope  of  a  better  time  coming, 
and  worked  to  that  end.  The  father  improved 
his  land,  wcu-ki'd   at   his   trade,  and  in  1850  was 


aide  to  build  a  good  frame  house,  which  he  diil 
at  a  cost  of  §3,01)0.  At  the  start  he  became 
identified  with  the  public  affairs  of  the  county. 
He  served  on  the  tirst  jury  in  the  county; 
was  for  several  ycai's  a  justice  of  the  peace;  be- 
came conversant  with  the  laws,  and  helped  try 
several  cases,  and  was  even  taken  out  of  the 
county  to  aid  in  the  adjustment  of  cases  of  im- 
portance. Five  children  were  born  to  them  in 
Oregon.  A  biography  of  Warren,  the  oldest  of 
the  Oregon  children,  will  be  found  elsewhere  iii 
this  \V(jrk.  Mary  is  now  the  wife  of  John  W. 
Maytiard,  and  lives  in  Colton,  Washington. 
Maria  married  J.  W.  Hendricks,  and  resides  in 
Seattle.  Robert,  the  youngest,  is  in  business  in 
Seattle,  and  .Vndrew  lives  there.  The  father 
died  in  18(il,  and  the  mother  in  1890.  They 
weie  Christian  people,  and  by  all  who  knew  them 
were  held  in  hitjh  esteem. 

William  Merchant,  with  whose  name  wo  he- 
gin  this  sketch,  was  four  years  old  at  the  time 
the  family  came  to  ( )regon.  He  rei-eived  his 
education  in  the  |)riuiitive  schools  of  the  country, 
frequently  having  to  go  three  miles.  These 
schools  were  generally  held  in  cabins  that  had 
been  vacated  by  settlers.  When  a  young  man 
he  went  to  the  mines  at  Silver  City,  Idaho, 
earned  a  few  hundred  dollars  and  returned  liome. 
The  next  season  he  engaged  in  the  sheep  busi- 
ness in  eastern  Oregon,  raised  (iOO  slieej)  and 
took  them  to  Iioise  City  and  sold  them,  return- 
ing home  aftei-  that  transaction. 

June  5,  ISiiS.  Mr.  Merchant  was  united  in 
marri.'ige  to  Miss  Martha  A.  Landcss,  who  was 
born  in  Washington  county,  Oregon,  May  23, 
1851.  Her  father,  Abraham  Landess,  a  native 
of  Illinois,  came  to  Oreifon  in  1847.  in  the  same 
train  with  j\[r.  Merchant's  family.  Her  father 
died  in  1853,  and  her  mother  was  subsequently 
married  to  John  Fryer.  Mrs.  Fryer  died  in 
May,  1882.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Merchant  have  eight 
children,  five  sons  and  three  daughters.  The 
three  oldest  sons:  II.  A.,  Williaiu  II.,  and  Eii- 
ward  liurns  ai'o  graduates  of  the  Portland  I'usi- 
ness  ('ollege;  K.  I'>.  is  assisting  to  write  the 
history  of  Washington;  R.  A.  is  married  and 
resides  near  the  old  home;  W.  II.  is  also  mar- 
ried; the  others  are  at  home.  Their  names  are: 
l.ucretia  D,,  George  Lewis,  Thomas  Paine, 
Winnie  1'].  and  Miley  K. 

Mr.  Merchant  iidieriteil  seventy-four  acres  of 
his  father's  estate,  and  eiglity  acres  of  his 
mother's,  and  on  it  built  a  choHji  house,  iw  which 
lie  rcsideil  a  niiniber  of  venrs.      \i\  his  Ludiistry 


niSTniiV    OF    OUHdON. 


114-. 


mill  j,'(H)(l  inim;iguinent  he  iimilc  iiiDiuiy,  iiiul  I'riiiii 
tiiiiu  til  tiiiiu,  us  lie  wii.s  alilc,  l)all^llt  niit  otlur 
lieirs,  (iiul  is  now  tlm  owner  of  oOO  acres  of  tlit 
(loiuitioii  claim,  lie  has  ex|ii'iiil(;il  inaiiy  tiiim- 
s.'iml  ilollnrs  in  ini|ini\ino-  tlii-  iii'uncrty.  In  IS82 
lie  linilt  a  i'CsIiUmicc  at,  a  coul  ol'  ^(1,00(1.  TIiIb 
attractive  homo  is  sitnatcil  on  an  cmini'iicf  in 
oru!  ol' the  most  lieantifnl  |ioi'tions  of  Orcifon, 
and  the  view  ohtaincil  fi'om  it  is  one  of  nnsnr- 
(lassing  loveliiu'ss. 

Mr.  Merchant  is  a  Freetliinker  and  a  Re|)ul>li- 
can.  lie  is  jronerons  and  pnlilicspirited,  and 
takes  a  dee|)  interest  in  tin*  cdncational  affairs 
of  iiis  district,  lie  has  freiinently  served  as 
Scliool  (Merk  and  Director  and  also  Supervisor 
of  Itoads. 

fS.  McNALLY,  architect  of  Salem  with 
oltiee  in  the  I>ii.  li-Hreyraan  lilock,  on 
*  Commercial  street,  is  a  native  of  the 
province  of  Qneliec.  horn  iScptember  4,  1858. 
llis  fatlier,  N.  NcNally,  was  a  prominent  lum- 
ber dealer  of  (iuc^bec,  wIkj  removed  to  Alcona 
connty.  Michifran,  in  1868,  where  he  purchased 
extensive  timber  lands  and  contin\ied  in  the 
lumber  hnsiness. 

Subject  was  edHcated  at  the  pnlilic  schools  of 
Alcona  and  graduated  from  the  Ilarrisvillc  Col- 
lege in  1873.  lie  was  then  bound  out  as  an 
apprentice  to  learn  the  trade  of  carj)enter  and 
joiner,  wiiich  ho  followed  for  si.x  years,  becom- 
ing nuister  ot  every  department  of  building  and 
construction.  In  lS7!t,  with  his  parents,  sub- 
ject moved  to  Fort  (^JoUins,  Cuhn-ado,  where  he 
engaged  in  architecture  and  building  residences, 
while  his  father  purchased  640  acres  of  land  at 
North  Park,  ami  is  still  engaged  in  raising 
horses  and  cattle. 

Sultjoct  was  married  at  Fort  Collins  August 
14,  1881,  to  Laura  A.  Jones,  and  in  1882  re- 
moved to  Los  Ang(des,  C'alifornia.  where  he  re- 
sumed his  profession  and  for  seven  years  con- 
ducted a  very  successful  business,  constructing 
many  of  the  prominent  residences  and  business 
blocks  of  the  city.  In  1880  he  changed  his 
location  to  Salem,  Oregon,  where  he  has  gained 
the  contidonco  of  tlm  people  and  as  architect  and 
contractor  has  constructed  valuable  builditigs. 
Ho  was  first  engaged  upon  the  new  wing  of  the 
insane  aijlnm,  and  was  later  employed  ai  super- 
vising architect  of  the  institution.  He  was 
Hrcliitect  and  supeivisor  (jf  the  conetrnctiou  of 


the  State  IJeform  School,  the  farm  liuildiug  itl 
the  State  farm,  and  other  Slate  work,  also 
churches  and  school  buildings  in  .Marion,  l.itni 
and  Folk  counties,  ln'sides  bu.-iiiess  blocks  and 
handsome  residences  through  the  \\'illamelli« 
valley. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  McNally  ha\ f  two  cliililren; 
Frederick  IS.  and  Agnes,  lie  is  a  un'mbiM-  of 
the  Olive  Lodge,  No.  l8,  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  I'ucilic 
J,odge,  No.  5(1,  F.  A:  A.  M. 


LEXANDFR  W.  MoNAliV,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1845,  an  Indian  war  veteran 
and  a  successful  and  prominent  farmer  of 
I'olk  county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  the  State  of 
Illinois  March  ;5,  18;Ji{.  The  family  is  of  Irish 
e.xtraction,  the  great  grandfather  having  come 
to  .\merica  and  settled  in  N'irginia,  where 
grandfather  ilngh,  was  burn.  He  bt^came  a 
soldier  in  the  llevolntionary  war  and  lived  to  bo 
ninety  years  old.  Jlis  family  consisted  of  four 
sons  and  four  daughters,  and  one  of  these, 
Alexander  JfcNary,  was  born  in  Kentucky  iiv 
1802,  and  he  was  our  subject's  father,  and  moved 
to  various  States,  living  altormitely  in  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Ohio  and  Missouri. 

In  184if  Mr.  Alexander  Mc.N.iry  married  Miss 
Ladocia  Stockton,  who  was  a  native  of  Tennes- 
see, born  in  1802,  and  they  had  a  family  of 
seven  children,  of  whom  only  two  now  survive: 
a  daughter,  now  Mrs.  Sarah  K.  Shaw,  of  Cali- 
fornia and  our  subject.  In  184r)  the  family 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  with  a  family  of 
live   childi'on   and   settled   on  a  doiuition   claim 

I  i-even  miles  east  of  Salem,  and  began  lite  in  the 
vvilds  of  Oreiion   in  a  little  log  cabin.      At  this 

I  place  the  father  passed  tin*  rest  of  liis  life  and 
died  in  1862,  the  mother  in  1876.  They  were 
worthy  kind-heartevl  and  hosjiitable  people,  do- 
ing much  to  aid  the  poor  and  n(<edy  emigrants 
who  came  to  Oregon  in  the  eai'ly  days  o(  the 
settlement  of  the  State.  One  token  of  his  kinil- 
ness  was  to  fell  them  grain  at  less  than  the 
market  value.  lie  slioidd  !)e  remembered  as 
the  man  who  brought  from  an  Eastern  home 
choice  jieach  pits,  and  from  these  were  raised  tlii' 
first  peaches  grown  in  Oregon. 

Our  sul)ject  was  the  third  child  in  the  family, 
and  was  twelve  years  of  age  wdien  he  accom- 
panied his  father  across  the  plains.  During 
the  last  ])art  of  the  journey  he  was  very  sick, 
and  the  familv  wore  in  (rreat  dangei   of  starva- 


.  -ill 

w 

i  Hi 


m 


11;:  ■    ^    I' 


i:^ 


■i  I 


ill 


; 


li 


11111 


llisrouY   OF  oitz-yiay. 


tioii.  Wlicii  they  renclictl  the  Coliunliia  river 
thtjy  riiliKistcd  ciitii'dv  on  siiliiiini  all  the  wiiy 
(louii  till!  river.  Tlify  tra<l(;<l  tlio  iiiiliaim  tli(>ir 
uiotlics  fur  the  bhIiikiIi,  niui  tlii<  Iiidiatis  trailiMl 
with  them  all  iiroiiiKl  the  Cuf-eiules.  Mr.  AIc- 
Ts'ai'}  was  nent  to  school  at  Salem,  and  remained 
with  his  father  until  he  lie(^niie  of  a^e.  In  I800 
lie  voliinteei'ed  to  tiii;ht  the  Indians,  t'nrnishing 
his  own  liorst' and  ei|ui]inient,  and  served  hruvely 
(hiring  the  war.  under  ('a]>taiii  li.  F.  JJnndi. 
There  was  niuel)  hard  tiiiiitiiif;  and  a  great  deal 
of  hardbhiji,  and  at  one  time  the  brave  soldiers 
had  to  eat  the  llesh  of  their  horses  to  keep  alive. 

After  tlio  close  of  the  Indian  war  our  suhjeet 
eni,'aged  in  the  stock  hiisiness,  and  when  eoni- 
forlalily  settled,  in  1857,  lie  married  Miss  ('elta 
(triit)h,  by  whom  he  had  two  children;  l.i/.zie 
and  Klla,  the  liitter  hecomini;  the  wife  of  Mr.  K. 
Ci'uizan,  the  Sheriff  of  Marion  coiiutv.  Both 
daughters  reside  in  Salem.  After  five  years  of 
happy  married  life,  Mrs.  >[cN'ary  died,  in  1802. 
Our  sMi)ject  rciMained  in  the  stock  business  un- 
til 18f)(),  doinir  a  very  larj^e  business  and  ])rci8- 
pering.  lie  remained  with  his  mother  on  the 
donation  idaim  for  twelve  year^,  and  took  up  one 
of  his  own  near  that  of  his  tiither,  but  sold  it, 
and  has  engaged  in  a  number  of  land  deals.  In 
1875  he  purchased  200  acres  of  land,  where  he 
now  resides  and  later  540  more,  and  now  owns 
a  line  farm  of  740  acres. 

Upon  this  tine  prope'-ty  Mr.  ]\IcNary  built  a 
commodious  residence  in  1887,  and  Ik^  has  lately 
engaged  extensively  in  stock-raising,  general 
farmiiif;  and  in  the  growing  of  hops.  lie  has 
made  a  sjiecialty  of  the  raising  of  tine  cattle,  his 
llerefords  and  shorthorn  cattle  are  noted  as 
the  finest  in  the  State. 

Mr.  ^^e.^'arv  was  married  in  October,  1874, 
to  Mrs.  .'-^Inier  J.  Miller,  a  native  of  Iowa.  She 
has  three  children.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
William  Allen,  a  native  of  the  State  of  Michi- 
gan. Her  family  came  to  ( )regon  in  1852,  took 
a  donation  claim  in  Polk  county,  near  Ikthel, 
and  there  her  father  died  in  his  fifty-sixth  year, 
and  her  mother  in  her  si.xty-third.  Mrs.  Mc- 
Nary's  children  were:  Addie,  now  Mrs.  (icorge 
Savage;  Kinma,  now  Mrs.  Charles  Watts,  and 
Abby  Louise,  now  Mrs,  Henry  Kobinson. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McNary  have  one  son.  Archer 
.\lfoiiso,  now  in  his  sixteenth  year,  at  home  with 
his  parents,  an  efficient  helper  on  the  farm,  and 
a  very  promising  young  Oregonian,  Mr.  Mc- 
Nary has  been  a  Kcpublican  since  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  party,  but  in    late  years  he  has  been 


somewhat  independent  and  leans  toward  the 
People's  pai'ty.  He  is  a  thoroughly  reliable 
and  upright  man,  has  been  a  very  hard  worker, 
and  richly  deserves  the  good  reputation  lie 
bears  among  the  Oregon  pioneers  of  1845. 

— ^^@{:i§)^s■';^ 

tAUr.OW  C.  MKSSENGKK,  a  successful 
business  man  of  .\sliland,  was  born  in  Che- 
nango county,  .New  "^'ork,  June  25,  1857, 
a  son  of  Ezra  and  Harriet  (Newton)  Messenger, 
also  iLatives  of  New  York,  and  their  ancestors 
were  early  settlers  of  that  State.  The  father 
dieil  in  1S72,  and  the  mother  in  1875. 

Harlow  C,  our  subject,  was  reared  to  farm 
life,  and  after  the  death  of  his  parents  he  went 
to  Valparaiso,  Indiann,  where  he  attended  school, 
completing  his  studies  in  1877.  'n  that  year 
he  went  to  Wooster,  Iowa,  a  few  months  later 
followed  railroading  in  .Vbili'iie,  Kansas,  one 
year,  and  in  the  fall  of  1878,  located  at  Ashland, 
Oregon.  .Mr.  Messenger  followed  vai'ious  occu- 
pations until  he  jiurcliased  the  ])roperty  in 
which  he  is  still  interested.  The  jdaning  mill 
was  purchased  by  onr  subject  in  188(5,  and  has 
since  been  under  his  management  until  re- 
cently, being  now  foreman  of  the  enterprise. 
The  mills  are  run  by  water-power,  and  the  mo- 
tive machinery  is  a  IB-foot  overshot  wheel, 
of  18-liorse  power.  The  planers  and  other 
nuKdnnery  are  of  the  latest  and  most  im- 
jiroved  patterns.  The  mill  is  located  on  Granite 
street,  near  the  business  part  of  the  town,  and 
the  trade  reaches  south  as  far  as  Yreka,  Cali- 
fornia, and  north  to  Grant's  i'ass,  Oregon. 
The  mill-yard  is  constantly  supplied  with  a  large 
stock  of  all  kinds  of  native  lumber. 

Mr.  Messenger  was  married  at  Ashland,  July 
5,  1882,  to  Miss  Hessie  L.  Marsh,  a  native  of 
Mova  Scotia.  They  have  four  children;  Walter 
J.,  Nathan  II.,  Oscar  K.  and  Hazel  G. 


fONRAl)  MKYKR,  who  is  engaged  in  the 
grocery  business  at  Albany,  Oregon,  was 
born  in  llheinfels,  Bavaria,  Germany, 
in  1845,  his  ancestors  ha\  ing  long  been  resi- 
dents of  that  locality,  engaged  in  mechanical  and 
agricultural  pursuits. 

Conrad  lived  at  home  ami  attended  school 
until  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age.  He  was  then 
apprenticed  to  the  trade  of   baker  and  coiifec- 


■*»y;g*igy^i**»^'ipi'WWH'*^| 


tiisTouy   "A"  ouKdo.y. 


hi; 


tionur,  at  K<lt'8lioiin,  and,  nl'tor  learning  his  trade, 
wnrkt'd  ii-i  joiiiiicyiiNiii  tht'ic  until  lsti5.  Tliat 
ji'iir  lie  iMiiifjiiitt'd  to  tlic  I  iiilcd  Stuti's.  landing 
«t  Ni'W  \nvk.  lit'  lirst  ticcnred  »>ni])li)ynu'nt 
from  liii88  iV'  IIiij'\var<l,  of  rroviiluncu,  Uliode 
Inland.  Tlicn  lie  went  to  I'oston,  and  fur  tif- 
tee!i  months  had  charge  of  tlic  confcotioncry  I 
department  of  the  I'ai'ker  llottd.  !n  tiie  .--prinf^ 
of  18t)7  he  started  for  the  I'aeilie  coast,  via  the 
IhthmuB  of  Panama,  and  arrived  in  JVirtland, 
Oregon,  May  2,  1S(57.  lie  imi'.iediately  found 
employment  in  the  lial-ery  of  Alisky  &  Ilegele. 
He  did  all  their  work  for  eighteen  months,  at 
the  end  of  which  time,  their  Imsiness  having  so 
increast^d,  they  liegan  the  mannfactnro  of  candy 
and  employed  other  Irjlp.  A  few  months  later 
M  r.  Meyer  took  charge  of  tlio  candy  department. 
He  remained  witli  them  till  the  I'all  of  1870, 
when  he  engagc<l  in  huainess  for  himself,  open- 
ing a  small  shwp  on  Front  street  for  the  sale  of 
cakes,  candies,  oysters  and  ice  cream.  The  dis- 
astrous fire  of  1872deBtroy(Hl  his  estahlishment, 
causing  him  considerahle  loss.  He  sold  out 
what  was  left  for  ^3>o.  He  then  went  to  Eagle 
Clitf,  on  the  Columbia  river,  and  worke<l  in  a 
cannery  five  months.  In  the  fall  of  1873  he 
came  to  Albany,  in  the  emiiloy  of  Hank  & 
Meyer,  with  whom  he  remained  until  187f5.  At 
that  time  he  again  started  in  Itusiness  for  him- 
self, o])ening  a  small  bakery  on  the  corner  of 
First  and  Broadalbin  streets.  With  this  he  con- 
nected a  grocery,  keeping  a  full  line  of  house- 
liold  re(|uircnients.  lie  built  up  a  good  trade, 
and  is  still  engaged  in  business  hero.  He  kee])S 
one  wagon  on  the  road,  delivering  goodc  about 
the  city. 

Mr.  Meyer  was  married  in  ,\lbany,  in  187t), 
to  Mies  iii  ate  Itadeinaker,  a  native  of  Germany. 
They  have  three  children:  ('harles  .Vndres,  Law- 
rence Henry  and  Conrad  Matthews.  He  built 
the  residence  which  he  occupies,  at  the  corner 
of  Fifth  and  California  str(^ets. 

Mr.  Meyer  has  served  one  term  in  the  City 
Council.  He  is  identitiud  with  the  1.  (>.  ( ).  F. 
and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  Inning  passed  all  the  chairs 
in  the  former  lodge,  including  the  Encampment. 

|UTHLK  T.  MEHWIN,  one  of  the  pioneers 
of  tlie  Wei-t  was  born  in  McConnell  county, 
Ohio,  dune  124,  1840,  and   was  the   son  of 
Edwin  ai.d  Susan  (Jenkinsj    Merwin,   both  of 


whom  were  natives  of  ( )hio.  Ili' died  in  I'olk 
county,  Oregon,  in  18'.M),  at  the  age  of  smenly 
six,  but  Mrs.  Merxvin  is  still  li\ing  in  I'cdk 
coiMity  at  the  age  of  seventy  there.  They  liad 
a  family  id'  fivi'  children  and  oursnbjt-ct  is  the 
Kocond  child. 

When  .\rthur  was  twelve  years  (dil,  his  father 
moved  to  Lawrence,  Kansas,  iu  Is.jti.  .\t  thai 
lime  it  wa>  the  frontier  of  civilization.  V(Uiug 
Mei'win  began  freighting  across  the  plain>  lu!- 
I'oro  he  had  had  anj"  chance  to  attend  school 
and  hence  all  of  his  learning  has  been  obtained 
outside  of  a  stdioolhonse.  As  this  rec<u-d  will 
tell  lie  has  mainiged  to  very  well  hold  ids  own 
with  the  world,  notwithstanding  his  early  dis. 
advantages.  .\s  above  stated,  ho  began  in  his 
'teens  to  freight,  going  from  Lawrence  to  Now 
.Mexico,  ("olorado,  Utah  and  Wyoming,  and  by 
his  close  attention  to  business  and  his  bravery 
under  danger  he  was  soon  jironioted  to  bu 
wagon-master  of  his  train. 

Our  8ut)ject  at  this  time  was  in  the  enijilov 
of  th(>  Government,  hauling  (iovernment  sup 
plies,  and  often  he  would  have  hard  lights 
with  the  Indians  to  protect  his  trains.  ,Jlo 
went  with  his  teams  when  the  whoh^  country 
was  alive  with  the  worst  savages  that  ever 
cam[ied  on  the  Western  prairies.  When  there 
was  a  very  valuable  train  to  start  he  would 
always  lead  it  in  person,  lie  was  very  sue- 
cessful  and  never  lost  any  of  his  freight,  with 
the  e.xception  of  one  time.  Then  he  was  sur- 
rounded by  tell  times  his  number,  in  a  ])laco 
where  he  could  not  (hd'end  himself,  only  hav- 
ing thirty-two  men.  The  savages  made  a  cliarg(< 
from  ambush  and  captured  a  part  of  his  train 
but  he  managed  to  corral  the  others  and  fought 
until  he  saw  that  it  was  a  case  of  life  or  death. 
Telling  his  men  to  follow  lie  charged  into  tlie 
savages  and  drove  them  away,  losing  only  two 
ofhismen,  but  his  own  clothes  were  rid<llod 
with  bullets  and  arrows.  He  was  the  only  He- 
publican  in  his  train,  all  of  the  rest  were  rebel 
syiii|)athizers.  Wht'n  he  returned  to  Lawrence 
he  heard  that  (reneral  Price  was  on  his  way  to 
capture  Lawrence,  and  he  left  the  train  at  Wak- 
ariisha  river  and  said  that  he  was  going  to  help 
whip  Price.  Ho  joined  the  Union  forces  and 
after  the  defeat  of  Price  returned  to  his  train 
and  went  on  across  the  jilains. 

Oui- sidiject  was  married  in  186(3,  to  Miss 
Celestia  Wait,  of  Michigan,  hern  in  1847.  In 
1868  they  lame  across  the  plains  to  Union  county, 
Oregon,  and    settled    in    Powder   river    valley, 


IIIH 


IIIHTOltr    OF    OH/SOON. 


I!     I 


'■Mi    i 


wlioro  ln' (■(mtiniied  liis  liiisiiicss  of  fiH'if^litiiii.', 
mined,  I'iirinwi,  f-old  stock  and  liiia  .-o  (•(Piititiiied 
until  tin;  pri'sciit  time.  In  April,  lSiJ2,  he  ro- 
ceivi'd  the  ndmitiiitiidi  on  the  ltc|Uilili('iin  ticket 
I'or  Shcriirof  Union  county,  lie  is  very  [loini^ 
l;ir  ami  hi>  luiivury  and  eourai^e  would  make 
him  a  line  dIHcci'.  He  docs  not  seem  to  know 
the  ineanini^of  the  woi'd  (ear. 

Our  enlject  Inis  Krown  very  e\|iert  with  tlie 
laHso. 

He  Inis  now  a  nice  farm  'of  1*50  acres,  well 
stocked  with  horses  and  cattle  and  a'so  ovvns 
jiropcrty  in  Baker  ('ity.  lie  has  met  with  some 
misfortunes,  but  has  met  them  bravely.  He  is 
a  member  of  tiie  order  of  Odd  Fellows  and  is  a 
stanch,  tried  and  true  Republican,  although  he 
is  tlio  only  meii\her  of  his  family  that  ever  voted 
that  ticket,  lie  has  one  brother  who  was  elected 
on  the  Democratic  ticket  for  Mayor  of  Inde- 
pendence, Oreifon. 


lEDFOlil)  1)1!STILLIX(4  &  REFIN- 
ING COMPANY.— The  above  distil- 
lery was  built  in  the  fall  of  18!tl,  since 
which  time  it  has  been  running  steafiily.  The 
grounds,  where  the  plant  is  located,  adjacent  to 
the  city,  consists  of  twenty-two  and  one-half 
acres.  The*  ituildino;  is  40  x  170  feet,  and  al)out 
sixty-tive  feet  high,  and  a  storage  capacity  of 
30,000  bushels  of  grain.  The  engine  is  150- 
liorsc  power,  and  all  tlie  machinery  and  equip- 
ments connected  with  the  plant  are  of  the  best 
and  latest  improved  pattern.  Much  of  the  in- 
terior fixtures  are  very  fine,  especially  the  still, 
which  is  of  .Mr.  Medynski's  own  design  aiul 
construction.  His  k)ng  experience  as  superin- 
tendent of  the  International  Distillery,  at  Des 
Moines,  Iowa,  has  given  him  an  op})ortunity  of 
further  and  broader  study,  as  well  as  greater  ex- 
perience of  tliis  and  kindred  subjects.  lie  is  a 
master  of  civil  and  mechanical  engineering,  as  is 
sliown  in  the  design  and  construction  of  the  en- 
tire plant.  The  firm  have  on  hand,  in  their 
Btoreliouse,  over  000  barrels  of  high-proof  bor- 
bo>irn  and  rye  licjuors.  Their  sales  up  to  this 
time  have  not  extended  beyond  the  limits  of  tlie 
State.  Their  wholesale  house  will  soon  be  estab- 
lished in  Medford,  and  their  salesmen  will  can- 
vass the  entire  coast.  The  present  runinng  ca- 
pacity is  500  busjicls  daily,  hut  they  can  and 
win  probably  increase  it  to'l,500  Ijushols  daily. 


i       The  senior  member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  F.  V. 
Medynski,  is  a  native  of  l.ondon,  Knghind,  born 
Febrmiry  I!,  iSol.      His   |)arentH   were  Vincent 
and  Sarah  ('I'hompson)  .Medynski,  the   former  a 
native  of  Roland,  the   latter  of    English   birth. 
i   They  had   seven  children,  the  subject  being  the 
fourth.      He  served  seven  years'  ap|)renticesliip 
as  nnichinist  and  marine  engineering,  and  came 
;   to  America  in  1871,  locating  in  Chicago,  where 
I   he  engaged   in   shops  for  a  time,  and  later  fol- 
I   lowed    his   profossion  oil  the  lake  for  some  two 
j   yeais.      He  was   next  employed  at  the  PlKCuix 
Distillery  for  three  years,  when  he  again  followed 
engineering  and  piloting  on  the  laki'  until  1881, 
when  he  went  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  and  was  en- 
gaged at  the  Atlas  Distillery  for  several  months. 
He  lU'xt  took  charge  as  superintendent  of  the 
International    Distillery,    in     the    interests    of 
(ieorge  W.  Kidd,  for   several  years,  at  a  salary 
of  ;?;i,000  a  year.     In  1880  he"  went  to  La  Salle, 
Illinois,  in  the  employ  of  the  same  gentleman, 
and  built  a  distillery,  which  was  purchased  by 
the  trust  syndicate  before  being  put  into  opera- 
tion. 

He  was  married  in  Chicago,  in  April,  1876, 
to  Ella  Palmer,  a  native  of  that  city.  They  have 
one  daughter,  F^tta,  and  one  son,  deceased. 

1).  I'.  Thoiss  is  a  native  of  Lee  county,  Illi- 
lujis,  born  .\pril  10,  1800.  He  was  reared  and 
educated  in  his  native  State.  His  parents  were 
Godfrey  and  Rarabe  (Reever)  Tlieisa,  both  na- 
tives of  Germany,  the  mother  now  deceased, 
dying  March  22,  1871.  In  a  family  of  nine 
children  our  subject  was  tlie  third  in  order  of 
birth.  He  followed  farming  until  fifteen  years 
of  age.  lie  then  engaged  in  a  still-house  some 
eighteen  months.  The  following  twelve  years 
he  engaged  in  clerking  in  a  merchandise  house 
in  La  8al]e,  Illinois. 

lie  was  married  October  5,  1887,  to  Minnie 
S(!ott,  a  native  of  Illinois.  They  have  one  daugh- 
ter, Geraldine.  The  famil}'  removed  to  Med- 
ford in  1890,  whei-e  Jlr.  Theiss  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing spirits  as  above  stated. 

tON.  NORMAN  MERRILL.— Mr.  Men-ill 
is  a  native  Oregonian,  born  in  Colnmbia 
county,  December  25,  1851,  son  of  Josepli 
and  Elizaliotb  (Freeman)  Alerrill.  These  par- 
ents were  niarricMl  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  ai\d 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  in  184:7,  the  family 


m 


*'^%^rei(,~.„SC'V' 


^^^ 


«!^'/!l„-^ 


*    OtiKifoV 


1 1  III 


W 


,  Jill 

■  ch  - 

^1'     Wflfi    ft 

■  /f  intcjjritj' 

•.;,('»«ivf   f)io 

1^  life  in  Mh_v, 

ltd. 

•  U'V  of  l)irtli  in  ?iis 

H'li  tMlncatcil  ill   hi!" 

'   "luwed  liiriiiing  until 

•  ori^aj;<»(l  Jri  loggiiijt.', 

ivHly   (.'ngftgwl  in  tliHt 

i.'if  ri«n-;**Mi»ur  of  vald- 

r^  I  I  ^M(>ie  Bi>ft  ficres 

\!ihotigli    H    ffrat'ticftl 

'  ■U'i(<'^'l  i"  gt'iiaral  tiiri!iin<,; 

■.  iUiiig  u   i-iMn.'ittliy    i!'  i.i:('<i- 

s^  iiMiH^  421)  acre*  k4 

i.  iioinesfwi'i  jif":-    •     ■   ' 

.'  iriiles  Aoiitii  i>f 

.:  u  young  or(;liac(l,  ciinri-t.ry  ...t  l,;ii"i 

•  .1  gcncial  variety,  chiotly  [iriintw.    Polifi- 

iir  riiiliji'i-t   IB   ail   acti.ij   in«<iii!x!r  of  flit) 

'injin  {iHrt\,«ii<i  ill  I'Ti*    '»;  vvhr  ,t'itH*twl 

II I >  Trf^aii(ir«r.      A£t(>r  .■«Tving  taitlit'iiliy  fur 


two  years  Ik-  rc».um«'j 


r»»«t  (if  hi*  tif«  luti'f.  Il.»  iiiicc-liiri*  well'  origi 
imUv  ^<>  II  itt<)i7!ani),  wl}'i  settlcil  in  \'ii'i^iniii  iin>l 
K*«M!«»''(( y  i  rt?v  «i»rty  da.>,  wiicri'  thoy  witc  well 
».n\\     faiM>Bf>;»     'lUiwii,      Mis    pari'iits,    .laiiics 

'■'        ■  '  1  (SiIIIIIIMM'k)    lldiillUII, 


w«'rt>  ■ 

J»,lOII»t»'l> 

t?i  lH4n 

fKiiniv   I 


,*,<: 


ntiii'ky,  ami    liniKircil 

.  (licli   State   tlicy  came 

Uirv  >>f  lii>  lather  ami 


iittt'reMts  tuitil  !>>■ 


h'f^h -{i-k  Vi*ti  Y?»»rti  !  H  Ildliiiaii  eaiiiii  to 
I'r.rii'Kiil  wild  l<i«  |i4wmiIs  in  1857,  ami  whh 
cilueatef)  In  tiii'  pul.'i''  ..cliools  of  tliis  eity,  in 
the  I'lirtlaud  Acuiltjiny  .-xiid  in  tlii<  l'niv(ir«ity  of 
{'.alifornia.  iVotn  wiuoli  latter  iM>titiilion  he 
;;railnatoil  in  ls75.  lie  iluin  stiidicil  law  under 
tlio  in-itnictiori  of  Coloiiol  \^ .  II  MHiiii,'!!',  hein^r 
ndiiiitted  to  the  I'Ur  in  l"<7'l,  ami  lie(^iiiiiiiif,'  Inn 
jiPW^tioo  in  fortlawl,  >v!i'  he  has  coniinned, 
•':.i   '■  1.    .V  ;■,  ,.  ../-.i' '.  .  ;,    :       b  and  relialile  Work, 

He  IniB  a  jjoiieral 
.  iself  moBtly  to  that 
ten  to  cor|iiirationK, 
!  .1.  ilite. 

crat.  He  hart  in 
vwl'iu?  '•4)ii|Kiiyi»«  if.ii.»'u-ti  niateriiil  aid  hy 
diflivering  jaililie  "j^^iwhoft  in  the  Stale,  in  thi^ 
interoct  of  hi;*  (wirty  nnd  it«  candidates.      Mr. 

''■•'  ■!    '>■■!■  .>f  tin*  Orcyon  delegateii  to  the 

■ml  Cou^ft-r  ion  held  at  Chi- 


iou,.d-       ■        '  . 

Ldltli     [5.  V  ft(ii,,ij;*i;.  (It. 
and  thc'V  Imvu  rhcei  cluliiv.  >  ;  .  ,' 

Ori'BSH  .!>.  and  Ret*.     Mr.   M   ,  jtrnin'. 

social  giMitleuian,  and  \iM  always  'lU-.e;!  an:*nivt' 
interest  in   t!u»  d(ue!"|)ni8iit  of  i!i«  Btnti*  nnd 
conuty.      He  is  a  worthy  and  eonfcieidi   ne  oifi 
zen  wli"  enjoys  the  rpspeut   and   i">I(t  n   ot  th«* 
entire  coniriiiuiitv. 


'1.^ 


A^    i'acKi- 


29,  1852.      • 
Oregon  Tt'i : 
Waftiiingtou.      ; 
denee  at  tho  -tgi- 
78 


•m 


n rally   ha,--   ifreat 
r  irielrniiiilis,  the 
at  their  intorcatu 
his  own. 


.  («fe.*.?y5. 


f.'\Ml',.<  Mel'UIIJ.Il'S,  on.  >f  the  most  Biiu^ 
ivhcrul  of  the  early  m-ttlof  of  Oregon,  was 
tt  liKiivd  <if  tho  Knierald  I-  >,  where  he  was 
twirn.  of  Iiiish  paront»,  iii  l^--  While  still  a 
hay  Ik;  Mint>Tatc<i  w  this  "nh,  ',ry,  coining  to 
(  idifornlfl  in  l>i4Si,  wiiere  mh  wh.-  for  a  time  em- 
ployed in  working  in  the  mines.  Later  he  re- 
he  purchased  cattle, 
118  to  Oregon, 
'nl  venture,  so 
ali/.ing  a  very 
18r)5-"r>(i  he 
r,  and  distin- 


I.' 


,.  1. 


s***»f'.tH 


.  ',  •■  •  lie 

;m>1   i<-  '•'.  .1  '.':i\  t>»'^ 

ttlHt   fit'i    lejH'Htfii    ■' 

■    i^rotit.      In    the   y 

t    Mie  Vukinm  Indiai 

•elf  for  hraverv 

-■ith-d  in  t'„    U  ■• 


a  hills,  where 
lie  engaged   in  stock-raising,  in  wliieli   he  was 


%^ 


i.% 


%. 


^/^. 


Q^^^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


^/ 


/. 


1.0 

l^|2^    |25 

1"^    IS 

I.I 

mm 

j  1.4    1  1.6 

1.25 

^^   . ^ 

6"     ■ ■ 

V] 


<^ 


v: 


'^. 


v>     cf; 


7 


^ 


Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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11  r STORY    Of   niiKOON. 


1110 


■  *■ 

i 


then  (.•oiisisting  of  tliree  children  besides  tlie 
parents.  After  his  arrival  in  Orcj^on  Joseph 
^Ierriil  became  a  well-lcnown  lariiicr  and  stock- 
raiser  of  Cjhin;l)ia  connty,  althonirh  during  liis 
first  years  of  resideni'c  in  the  county  lie  was  a 
miller.  He  was  honored  tis  a  nnm  of  intei^rity 
and  was  a  worthy  citi/.eii  and  proffressive  pio- 
neer. This  ifood  man  departed  this  life  in  Way. 
1879,  his  wife  still  surviving  him. 

Our  subject,  the  tit'tli  in  order  of  birth  inliis 
father's  family,  was  reare<l  iind  educated  in  his 
native  connty,  where  he  followed  farminir  until 
1879.  About  this  time  he  eiiffuired  in  loggiiiif, 
and  has  since  been  actively  engaj^^ed  in  that 
business.  Mr.  Alerrill  is  the  possessor  of  valu- 
able timber  lands  cousistiTig  of  s<une  5(]0  acres 
in  Columbia  county.  Although  a  practical 
woodman  he  also  is  engaged  in  general  tanning 
and  stock-raising,  uniking  a  specialty  of  sheep 
and  cattle,  having  some  420  acres  of  grazing 
laud,  beside  his  lionuistead  property  of  KiO  acres, 
located  three  miles  south  of  ("latskanie,  where 
he  also  has  a  young  orchanl,  consisting  of  1,200 
trees  of  a  general  variety,  chietly  prunes.  Politi- 
cally onr  subject  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Republican  party,  and  in  ls79  he  was  elected 
County  Treasurer.  After  serving  faithfully  for 
two  years  he  resumed  his  farming  and  lumber- 
ing interests  until  1892.  when  he  was  selected 
liy  his  party  as  their  State  Itepresentative,  and 
lie  was  elected  at  the  fall  election.  In  social 
matters  he  is  allied  with  St.  Helena  Lodge,  No. 
32,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 

Mr.  Merrill  is  a  man  of  family,  having  beiMi 
joined  in  wedlock  February  12,  1879,  to  Miss 
Edith  n.  Vanbibber,  a  native  of  Washington, 
and  thev  have  three  children,  namely :  Leata  L., 
Cressa  1).  and  iteta.  Mr.  Merrill  is  a  genial, 
so.ial  gentleman,  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  the  development  of  the  State  and 
county.  He  is  a  worthy  and  conscientious  citi- 
zen who  enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the 
entire  community. 

fREDERICK  V.  IIOLMAN,  an  eminent 
jurist  of  Portland,  Oregon,  was  born  at 
Pacific  City,  on  Haker's  bay,  on  August 
29,  1852.  The  place  of  his  birth  was  then  in 
Oregon  Territory,  but  is  now  in  the  State  of 
"Wasliington.  lie  came  to  the  city  of  his  resi- 
dence at  the  age  of  five  years,  and  lias  spent  the 
78 


re^t  of  his  life  here.  His  ancestors  were  origi- 
nally from  England,  who  settled  iu  V^irginia  and 
Kentucky  in  an  early  day,  where  they  were  well 
and  favoi'ably  known.  His  parents,  .lames 
Duvall  and  lia(diel  Hixson  (Summers)  Holmau, 
were  both  natives  of  Kentucky,  ami  honored 
pioneers  of  ( )regoii,  to  which  State  they  came 
in  1810.  (See  a  fuller  history  of  his  father  and 
family  in  this  book.) 

F'rederick  V.an  Voorhies  llohnan  came  to 
Portland  with  bis  parents  in  1857,  and  was 
educated  in  the  puldic  schools  of  this  city,  in 
the  Portland  Academy  and  in  the  I'niversity  of 
California,  from  which  latter  institution  lu^ 
graduated  in  1875.  He  then  studied  law  under 
the  instruction  of  Colonel  W.  H.  Ethnger,  being 
admitted  to  the  bar  iu  1879,  and  beginning  his 
practice  in  Portland,  where  he  has  coTitinued, 
gaining  by  honorable  dealings  and  reliable  work, 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  has  a  general 
law  practice,  but  devotes  himself  mostly  to  that 
branch  of  the  law  which  relates  to  corporations, 
banking,  real  estate  and  |)robate. 

Politically  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  has  in 
various  campaigns  rendered  material  aid  by 
delivering  public  speeches  in  tile  State,  in  the 
interest  of  his  party  ami  its  candidates.  Mr. 
liolman  was  one  of  the  Oregon  delegates  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  lu'ld  at  Chi- 
cago, in  1892. 

A  native  Oregouian,  he  naturally  has  great 
affection  for  his  State  and  her  metro|)olis,  the 
city  of  liis  residence,  feeling  that  their  interests 
are  his  interests,  their  welfare  his  own. 


fAMES  McPilFLLIPS,  one  of  the  most  .suc- 
cessful of  the  early  settlers  of  Oregon,  was 
a  native  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  where  he  was 
horn,  of  Irish  parents,  in  lS28.  While  still  a 
boy  he  emigrated  to  this  country,  coming  to 
California  in  1849,  where  he  was  for  a  time  em- 
ployed in  working  in  the  mines.  Later  he  re- 
turned to  the  East,  where  he  purchased  cattle, 
and  ilrove  them  across  the  plains  to  Oregon, 
which  proved  to  be  a  very  successful  venture,  so 
much  so  that  be  re|H>ated  it,  realizing  a  very 
handsome  jirofit.  In  the  year  18o5-'o()  he 
fought  in  the  Vakima  Indian  war,  and  distin- 
guished himself  for  bravery. 

He  then  settled  in  the  Willamina  hills,  where 
lie  engaged   in  stock-raising,  in  which   he  was 


1150 


irrsTonr  of  orroon. 


"■     :^ 


m 


V(tr_Y  Hiicc»>Ksfiil    at  lir«l,  lnit   lost   uvcry  licinl  of 
stock  in  tlio  iiii'iiiiniililc  winter  of  IStil  '()2. 

Ill  IStKI  Ik'  wms  iimrrit'<l  to  Ari.--s  Mi»ry  A. 
Kilts,  lui  estiiimliiu  iiniy  and  ii  niitivc  of  Ari<iinsu8. 
Tiity  ii\(Hi  (HI  tlii'ir  moniitiiin  fiinn  for  tlirei' 
years,  iifter  wiiicii,  in  \S(\'3.  llicy  rcniovud  to 
their  present  I'lirm,  in  Yam  Hill  coiiiity.  This 
hitler  phiee  consisted  of  500  acres  nf  ciioieo  farin- 
ini;  land,  wliicli  tiicy  purchased,  and  n|)un  which, 
ill  18ti7.  they  lipilt  tlieir  present  large  and  com- 
fortable residence.  Tiicy  have  continiRMJ  to  live 
here  iiniiiterrnptedly  ever  since,  and  under  their 
aide  maiiai^ement  the  farm  has  liecome  very  prof- 
italile.  They  raise  j^jrain,  sheep,  cattle,  liogs 
and  some  horses. 

They  had  four  ehildreii,  three  daiiirhters  and 
one  son:  Charlotte,  Kosana.  Charles  1''.  and 
Teressa,  all  of  whom  arc  intelliirent  and  retleet 
credit  ou  the  ^^^ate  of  their  nativity. 

Mr.  Mel'hillips  was  a  Dcmoirat  in  politics, 
the  principles  of  which  party  he  8iip|iorted  for 
many  years.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  AFasonic 
fraternity,  and  lieloiif^ed  to  both  thi^  blue  lodge 
and  the  chapter.  Wlien  the  Grange  was  organ- 
ized he  became  a  charter  member,  took  stock  in 
the  stnre,  and  helped  them  in  every  way  jiossible. 

Toward  the  end  of  liis  life  he  suffered  from 
paralysis,  and  his  son.  Charles,  and  Mrs.  Mc- 
I'liillips  managed  the  business  and  their  large 
and  valuable  farm.  lie  died  on  Dt-ceinber  21, 
1892.  and  was  laid  in  his  final  resting  place  on 
December  2.")  by  flu'  Masonic;  fraternity.  He 
left  an  estate  valued  at  $50,000.  lie  was  a  man 
of  nniforn  integrity  of  character  and  kindness 
of  manner.  His  faithfnl  wife  and  noble  .sun  re- 
flect all  of  his  best  iiualities,  and  are  valued  as 
good  iieijihliors  and  true  friends. 

I^ON.  CIIAKLKS  F.  HYDE,  one  of  Ore- 
gon's rising  yonng  men,  was  born  in 
Yreka  county,  California.  October  211. 
1858.  He  was  the  youngest  of  tliree  cliildrcn 
born  to  H.  H.  and  Susan  Hyde.  The  former 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  came  across  the 
plains  in  1843,  in  Whcaton's  company  of  jiio- 
neere,  and  was  o!,e  of  the  men  who  made  his 
escajio  in  the  Wheaton  Meadows  massacre,  at 
Mountain  Meadow,  near  Salt  I.ake  City.  After 
his  arrival  in  Oregon,  he  married  Miss  Susan 
Kinzey,  a  native  of  Missouri,  who  eame  with 
lier  parents  iicroos  tlio  plains  jn   18^7,  a  ytai' 


fraught  witii  little  less  hardships  and  dangers 
than  the  prt«vious  one.  At  the  lime  of  the 
great  gold  excitement,  Mr.  Hyde  went  with  his 
family  to  California,  following  mining,  but  re- 
turned to  Oregon  in  1850. 

After  obtaining  a  fair  connnoii-school  educa- 
tion, our  hiit)ject  took  a  course  in  the  business 
college  at  Portland,  and  then  found  emnloy- 
ment  in  commercial  lines.  Later  he  entered 
the  office  of  the  well-known  law  firm  of  AVhal- 
ley  A:  I'"echeimcr.  of  Portland,  with  whom  be 
studieil  law,  and  earnestly  pursuing  his  studies 
for  nearly  five  years,  he  niaile  application  to  the 
Supreme  Court  for  license  to  practice.  The 
a)>plication  granted,  he  opened  an  office  in  l)ak(>r 
City,  then  a  stragjiling  village,  in  1882.  and 
since  that<late  he  has  enjoyed  a  good  and  lucra- 
tive practice,  the  result  of  a  careful  and  pains- 
taking method  of  conducting  the  business  of 
his  ciients.  His  ability  and  attentiveness  to 
business  soon  procured  him  an  extensive  iiatron- 
age. 

In  June,  1800,  he  was  elected  State's  Attor- 
ney for  the  Sixth  .Fudicial  District  by  a  major- 
ity of  1,0'.I()  votes.  Since  his  election  he  lias 
pursued  with  relentless  vigor  the  violators  of 
the  law,  and  the  many  evildoers  in  durance  vile 
show  that  he  is  not  a  man  to  sto|)  or  hesitato  in 
the  performance  of  a  duty.  His  course  as  a 
public  jirosecutor  has  been  marked  by  an  almost 
jdienomenal  degree  of  success,  and  yet  he  is  not 
so  instilled  with  the  vain  ambition  to  succeed 
that  he  would  for  an  instant  permit  the  strong 
arm  of  suspicion  to  tear  down  tho  rights  of  the 
innocent. 

As  an  attorney  he  has  bad  equal  good  success, 
numbering  among  his  (clients  the  best  class  of  the 
citizens.  Since  occupying  the  position  of  Dis- 
trict Attorney  he  has  prosecuted  every  class  of 
criminals,  from  murder  in  the  first  degree  to  the 
petty  sneak-thief,  and  but  few  guilty  ones  liave 
tnanaged  to  escape,  and  none  through  any  fault 
of  his. 

Mr.  Hyde  was  imirried  in  September,  ISSfi, 
to  Miss  Mollie  I'ackwood,  daughter  of. Judge 
W.  H.  I'ackwood,  a  member  of  the  Constitu- 
tional Conventiim  of  Oregon.  Mrs.  Hyde  was 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Auburn,  then  the 
county  seat  of  Haker''  county.  The  names  of 
the  children  born  to  Jfr.  and  Mrs.  Hyde  are  as 
follows:  Kditha,  Willie  and  Mary  E.  Mr.  Hyde 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  has  re- 
presented his  lodge  at  the  (irand  Lodge.  He  is 
also  ft  lueniljor  of  K.  of  P.  and  Woodmen  of  the 


)     A. 

i 


II 


HISTORY    OF    ORBOQN. 


1151 


iiiiil  (JHiigers 

tiiiio  (if  tlie 

v'cut  widi  liis 

niiig,  Init  rn- 

seliool  ediica- 
tlio  inigiiiens 
iind  einploy- 
r  he  I'literod 
nil  of  Wlml- 
tli  wlidiii  lie 
g  his  studies 
icatiori  to  the 
raetiue.  Tiio 
ttice  ill  i'aker 
n  1882.  and 
od  and  liicra- 
iil  and  paiiis- 
liusiness  of 
eiitivciiess  to 
snsive  put  run - 

State's  Attor- 

t  by  a  inajor- 

iction  he   has 

!  violators  of 

<lurance  vile 

or  hesitate  in 

course   as  a 

by  an  almost 

yet  he  is  not 

on  to  succeed 

nit  the  stroiij^ 

rights  of  the 

good  success, 
3st  class  of  the 
dtion  of  Dis- 
every  class  of 

degree  to  the 
ilty  ones  have 
ugh  any  fanlt 

teinher,  1880, 
iter  of  Judge 
;ho  Constitu- 
rs.  Hyde  was 
urn,  then  the 
The  names  of 
.  Hyde  are  as 
E.  Mr.  Hyde 
',  and  has  re- 
Lodge.  He  is 
lodiuen  of  the 


World,  and  holding  minor  utlices  in  both  orders. 
He  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and,  as  a  man  liorn 
of  parents,  who  endured  of  their  own  free-will, 
a  journey  beset  with  the  perils  and  privations 
that  those  early  pioneers  were  forced  to  endure, 
is  reasonably  sure  to  be  endowed  with  the  cour- 
age, pluck  and  endurance  that  form  the  salient 
features  of  a  strong  character. 


fAKVIS  Hrill),  of  Athena,  Umatilla 
county,  Oregon,  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
New  Vork.  A|iril  1,  1848,  a  son  of  .Vs- 
well  and  Betlienu  (Morgan)  Hurd.  both  natives 
of  New  York,  was  reareil  !)y  his  grandparents, 
his  mother  having  died  when  he  was  an  infant. 
The  father  of  Jarvis  when  this  sad  event  oc- 
curred going  to  Illinois,  where  the  son  joiiu'd 
him,  after  remaining  with  liis  grandparents 
fourteen  years,  in  which  time  he  obtained  such 
schooling  as  could  be  had  in  a  country  district. 
The  lad  stayed  with  his  father  but  a  short  time, 
for  he  ran  away  in  the  fall  of  1863,  and  ''iilisted 
in  Company  A,  Eighth  Illinois  Cavalry,  served 
throughout  the  war.  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  July,  1865.  He  was  sent  at  once  to 
the  front,  served  in  the  Army  of  the  I'otoni.ic. 
and  took  jiart  in  many  of  the  memorable  battles 
of  the  war.  Two  companies  of  his  regiment 
opened  the  tight,  and  tired  the  first  shot  at  tiie 
battle  of  Gettysburg. 

lieturniiig  to  Hliiiois,  our  subject  engaged  in 
steainboating  and  rafting  on  the  Mississippi, 
following  this  for  three  years;  then  was  em- 
ployed on  a  farm  until  1871;  at  this  time  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  fanning  there  until  1875,  and 
then  brought  his  little  family  to  Oregon,  taking 
up  a  homestead  claim  of  160  acri's  near  Athena, 
Umatilla  county,  which  he  first  improved,  and 
then  sold  ortt.  Going  lo  Morrow  county,  he 
took  up  a  KiO-acre  tract,  improved  and  lived 
upon  it  until  1891,  and  then  came  back  to 
Athena.  Hosides,  in  copartnership  with  S.  L. 
Spencer,  he  bought  a  blacksmith  shop,  which 
has  been  conducted  profitably  ever  since,  doing 
all  kinds  of  smithing  and  wagon-making. 

The  father  of  Mr.  Hurd  is  yet  living,  in  Da- 
kota, ut  tlie  age  of  eiglity-tive  years.  This  old 
gentleman  married  a  second  time,  and  had  a 
family  of  nine  children.  Our  subject  lived 
with  him  but  a  short  time,  and  that  was  just 
after  the  close  of  the  war. 


Jarvis  Hurd  was  married  in  Io«;i,  in  1^71, 
to  Miss  Henrietta  (iaskill,  daughter  of  Thomas 
and  Mary  Gaskill,  the  father  a  minister  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Iowa.  I'y  this 
marriage  there  were  four  children,  namely: 
X'irias  M.,  dieil  at  the  age  of  three;  l.illia  .May; 
Thomas  E.;  Lorietta  E.,  died  at  the  age  of  thir- 
teen. Mr.  Ilurd  was  again  married,  in  18S6, 
to  Mrs.  Calliarine  Ilagler.  nee  Taylor,  who  has 
borne  him  onci  chiUI,  Henry  Harrison.  Sli(< 
had  a  child  by  her  former  husband,  named  Ora. 

Although  Mr.  Ilurd  started  out  in  life  very 
poor,  and  has  had  manv  trials,  he  owns  l(i() 
acres  of  good  land  in  Morrow  county,  and  a 
half-interest  in  the  shop  at  Athena.  He  is  a 
Junior  Wanh  n  of  the  Masonic  lodge;  a  iiicin- 
ber  of  the  Odd  Fellows,  and  of  the  (J.  .\ .  R., 
being  I'ost  Commander  of  tiie  latter,  and  a 
member  of  the  Dejiartment  of  Oregon.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Ilepuidican,  as  a  neighbor  is 
kind,  and  as  a  citizen  is  public-spirited  and 
charitable. 


.\MUEL  XfAY,  copartner  in    the  general 
merchandise  tirin  of  May  &  Senders,  of 

'  Ilarrisbiirg,  was  born  in  Freiisdorf,  near 
the  city  of  I'amberg,  P>avaria,  (iermany,  in 
18-11,  Uj)  to  thirteen  years  of  agtOio  improved 
the  educalional  advantages  of  his  native  town 
and  of  the  city  of  Furth.aud  was  then  apiiren- 
tieed  with  a  prominent  iiusiiiess  house,  to  en- 
ter their  house  and  learn  the  elements  and  prin- 
ciples of  business.  He  remained  there  until 
1S57,  when,  desirous  of  a  broader  field  of  lai)or, 
he  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  landing  in 
Xew  York,  with  but  .*<■")  in  his  jiocket.  Secur- 
ing a  positicii  as  l)ookkee|ier  he  then  attended 
night  schools  and  thus  perfected  himself  in  the 
language  of  his  adopted  country,  liemainir 
in  New  York  until  the  fall  18(i3lie  then  started, 
via  Panama,  for  Albany,  Oregon,  where  he 
had  friends  residing.  Duly  arriving,  he  entered 
the  general  merchandise  store  of  A.  Schlussel 
&  Co.,  but  after  a  few  months,  went  to  Scio, 
and  opened  their  branch  house,  which  he  oper- 
ated until  January,  186"),  then  went  to  Harris- 
burg,  as  clerk  for  J.  Levy  &  Cr).,  and  continued 
with  their  successors,  Moore,  Gerst  &  I'aber, 
until  1868,  when  the  tirin  was  reorganized,  and 
Mr.  May  purchased  an  interest,  and  the  firm  of 
May,  Gerst  &  Co.,  was  established  and  continued 
until  1x74,  when  the  stock  was  reduced,  and 


II 


V:.! 


11.V.' 


IllSTOUY    Oh'    OUHilOS. 


Mr.  Miiy  nnrclijiscil  tlio  iiiliiv  li\it<iiii'8f.,  cini- 
(liutin^  it  iildiic  until  ls7t),  wln^ii  he  snld  oiic- 
liiiir  iiitorot  111  .1.  (i,  Seinlcrs.  mul  lliu  tinn  cif 
May  >V  Si'iiilcis  \v;is  iii>litiiti'il.  Mr.  Scinlcris 
\vii8  l)oni  ill  I'niMiia  in  l'M7.  Kdin'iiicd  in  lii« 
own  ('(puiitrv,  lit'  I'lniiinilt'd  to  our  own  coiin- 
Irv,  .\nii'iic(i,  in  1M54,  Iniuiin^f  in  New  York. 
{^ninj;  direct  tn  lirounsvilli".  Oregon,  wiiere 
iii^  <'<iM!-iii  ri'sidt'ii.  Dniy  iirriviitj^,  lie  entered 
tiie  siore  of  his  cdM^in  ii>  eleri<,  mid  remained 
tlierc  until  1S7(),  when  he  entered  into  jmrtiier- 
^liij)  with  li.  lireiinei',  and  ])iu<'hase(l  tlie  Im-i- 
iiet^s  iind  eoiitiniied  Uie  bu>iness  until  1^75, 
when  the  the  sfoek  was  eleared  out.  and  the 
linn  ditisnlved,  anil  Mr.  Senders  entered  into 
his  ])r('.-ent  position,  lie  was  married  in  ls7<') 
to  Aliss  lleifha  (ierst,  and  they  ha\e  four  chil- 
dren; N'iola,  IJeriiard,  Arthur  and  Edjjar.  Mr. 
yeiiders  is  a  nieinher  of  the  I.  ( ).  ( ).  F.,  and 
lMicnin|inieut. 

In  18S0  the  firm  jiurchased  their  |trescnt 
store.  25  .\  !l()  feet,  on  tlie  northeast  corner  of 
Kirbt  and  Smith  streets,  and  removed  thereto. 
Thev  carry  a  lar<xe  line  of  merehaiidise,  hoots 
and  shoes,  the  value  of  >tock  avera(,nng  $~5.()O0, 
and  they  handle  annually  100,0(10  hiishcls  of 
orain.  with  four  spacious  warehouses  on  the 
hank  of  the  ri\-er  fur  that  purpose.  The  firm 
owns  820  acres  of  land  four  miles  east  of  Ilar- 
rishurir.  and  each  have  individual  interests  in 
the  city  and  residence  property. 

^^l•.  May  was  marriLiI  in  Ilarrishurff.  in  18t)8. 
to  ^[i>s  Caroline  (ierst,  of  i'avaria,  and  they 
have  nine  children;  Amelia.  I'aiiline,  Nora, 
Jia.ney,  Kdith,  Amy,  Ella.  Kdna  and  Anita. 
lie  is  a  nieiuher  of  the  hlue  lodo;e  and  chap- 
ter, V.  &  A.  M.,  anil  has  officiated  as  Mayor  and 
Councilman,  hut  his  life  has  been  devoted  to 
his  huBiness  interests,  and  his  efforts  have  been 
ainj)ly  rewarded. 


^OX.  DAN  IKL  A.  MrALISTKU,  a  pioneer 
and  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock-raiser, 
of  eastern  Oroiron,  is  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  lie  was  born  in  Coles  county,  Illinois, 
February  ti,  ls4~'.  juid  received  a  common- 
school  education.  The  name  of  his  father  was 
Macliii  McAlisler.  and  he  was  a  native  of  Ala- 
bama, who  married  .Mary  Ashmore,  a  native,  of 
Teiinessee.  ifr.  McAlister  died  when  Daniel 
WHS    three   years     old,     but    Mrs.     McAlister 


is  still  living  with  her  son.  the  sulijcc*  of  this 
notice,  at  the  a<^e  of  seventy-four  year-.  They 
reared  a  family  of  three  children,  of  which 
Daniel  was  the  second,  and  he  is  the  only  one 
now  liviiiii. 

Mr.  .McAlister  came  to  Oregon  in  18G2,  and 
stop|H-d  in  (irande  Kondo  valley,  where  lie  lias 
made  liis  home  ever  >ince.  lie  came  here  a 
|ioor  boy,  having  worked  his  way  across  the 
plains,  and  landed  hert^  withou!  noney.  Ilu 
hired  out  and  worked  for  wages  until  he  had 
accumulated  a  little  money,  and  then  he  took 
up  a  elaiin  of  ItJO  acres  of  land,  and  improved 
it  as  fast  as  he  could,  having  to  work  for  other 
people  to^'et  eiioiii;li  money  to  carry  liini  along, 
lie  now  owns  !t~0  acres  of  good  land  in  the 
valley,  and  has  it  well  improved  with  one  of  the 
largest  residences  and  most  commodious  barns 
in  eastern  ( )re^on. 

Mr.  iMcAlister  deals  !ii  sliorthor'i  Durham 
cattle,  always  keepinir  the  best,  and  ho  has  now 
over  iiOO  head  of  horses  on  his  farm.  His  stock 
is  thoroughbred  and  graded,  and  he  is  the  owner 
of  a  stallion,  Lamont,  that  he  has  refused  to  sell 
for  ftlO.OOO,  and  this  horse  is  of  Ilambletoninn 
Mambrino  Chief.  One  of  his  horses  has  iiiaile 
the  fastest  time  of  any  animal  in  Oreiron.  He 
sold  a  mare,  Spokane,  that  trotted  in  2.24  for 
!ii2,.")00,  and  there  are  no  finer  horses  in  the 
State  than  those  owned  by  Mr.  McAlister. 

The  marriage  of  our  subject  took  jilace  in 
1S(')7  to  Miss  Nancy  Moe.  a  native  of  Michi- 
^ran,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  186-t  with  her 
parents.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McAlister  nine 
(children  have  i)een  born,  and  all  are  at  home 
e.\ce|)t  the  two  oldest.  The  joint  Senatorship 
of  l^nion  and  Wallowa  counties  was  tendered  to 
oiir  subject  by  the  Democratic  convention,  and 
he  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  350  votes.  During 
the  cam|)aign  he  was  kept  at  home  by  the  sick- 
ness of  his  family,  ana  by  the  death  of  one 
of  his  dear  children,  so  that  he  made  no 
personal  effort,  or  the  majority  might  have  been 
much  larger,  as  he  is  a  very  popular  citizen,  and 
adorns  the  position. 


-4- 


*•*=- 


|Ii.  JAMES  M(dU{Il)E,  now  a  prominent 
physician  of  Oregon,  came  to  tlie  Territory 
111  1840.  He  was  of  Scotch- Irish  ancestry 
and  his  grandfather,  .lames  McHride,  came  to 
America   before  the   Uevolution   and  settled  in 


M 


iffsToiir  OF  oitaaoN 


iir.3 


ml)jcc*  <if  iliis 
ryi'iii-.  They 
It'll,  ol'  wliicli 
i  the  only  oiiu 

II  ill  IHOli,  uikI 

wliei'i'  lie  IiiiH 

le  Clinic  here  ii 

vay  across   tlie 

luitiey.      II 0 

until   he   had 

then   lie  took 

,  and  iiii|inived 

ork    for  other 

iirry  him  along. 

d    land   in    the 

with  one  of  the 

niodioiiB  liarns 

tlior-i  Diirliain 
ind  ho  has  now 
inn.  His  Htock 
ho  ie  the  owner 
refused  to  sell 
Ilainhletonian 
orses  has  made 
()reo;on.  He 
id  in  2.24  for 
■  horses  in  the 
MeAIister. 
t  took  ])lace  in 
tiv(>  ot  Michi- 
ISfi-l-  with  her 
tfcAlister  nine 
I  arc  at  home 
nt  Senatorship 
A^as  tendered  to 
onvention,  and 
0 votes.  During 
lie  hy  the  sick- 
'  death  of  one 
;  he  made  no 
light  have  heen 
lar  citizen,  and 


^H=^ 


1  a  prominent 
o  the  Territory 
-Irish  ancestry 
Hride,  came  to 
and  settled  in 


North  (.'aroliiKi.  When  war  wiis  dccliin^l  iii.r:iinst 
(ireat  Mritain,  he  enrolled  himself  in  the  colonial 
army,  and  was  eoinniissioned  a  ca|itain.  In  that 
ciinipany  he  served  to  the  close  of  the  wur, 
Soon  after  jieace  was  declared  he  removed  to 
'Jennessee  with  his  family.  Ilis  son,  Thomas 
Mcliride,  was  the  Doctor's  Father.  He  was  a 
cousin  of  Andrew  Jackson,  their  mothers  hoiiif; 
sisters.  Dr.  McHride  removed  to  Missotir',  and 
was  married  there  to  Mahaln  Miller,  a  native  of 
that  State  and  the  daiijjhter  of  Philip  Miller, 
whose  peo|ile  were  early  settlers  in  I't-nnsylva- 
niu.  The  Doctor  and  his  wife  had  fourteen  chil- 
dren, ten  in  Missouri. 

With  these  children  they  crossed  the  jilains 
ill  1840.  It  was  an  undertaking  in  those  days 
to  make  such  a  journey,  us  it  took  months  to  do 
what  We  now  can  do  in  as  many  days.  These 
brave  jKfople  were  from  early  spring  to  late  in 
the  fall,  and  consideriiiir  everythino;  the  journey 
was  a  safe  one,  yet  they  were  glad  to  reach  Ore- 
gon CMty.  Dr.  McCride  .settled  in  Vain  Hill 
county,  Oregon,  a  donation  claim  of  (540  acres. 
It  was  a  choice  tract  of  land,  and  is  now  a  part 
of  the  celebrateil  It.  II.  Toinpson  farm,  one  of 
the  best  farms  in  the  State.  On  this  property, 
in  184-0,  when  they  had  very  few  neighbors 
either  far  cc  near,  the  Doctor  built  his  log  cabin 
and  began  life  with  his  numerous  family.  Dur- 
ing the  early  days  he  practiced  his  profession 
nearly  all  over  the  State,  making  his  trips  on 
horseback  for  hundreds  of  miles  through  a  new 
country  over  trails.  There  were  many  Indians, 
yet  he  passed  through  the  country  in  safety,  and 
in  all  those  early  days  he  was  an  angel  of  mercy, 
visiting  the  sick  ami  alleviating  their  suffering 
without  any  thought  of  compensation.  By  his 
kindness  in  every  way  he  endeared  himself  to 
every  one  he  met.  He  resided  on  liis  farm  until 
he  received  an  appointment  as  minister  to  the 
Sandwich  islands  from  President  Lincoln,  the 
Doctor  being  a  prominent  and  active  Republican 
and  Union  man.  His  family  removed  to  the 
village  of  La  Fayette,  and  he  held  his  otiice  in 
the  Sandwich  islands  until  the  death  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  and  Johnson's  succession,  when 
Dr.  Mcl'ride  resigned  his  otiice  and  returned  to 
(Oregon,  settling  with  his  family  at  St.  Helen, 
Colninbia  county,  where  he  spent  the  evening  of 
his  uSFi'uI  life. 

lie  was  a  member  of  the  First  Territorial 
Convo  ition  held  in  Oregon,  and  was  the  lirst 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  the 
Territory. 


Dr.  Mi'l'iridewas  boni  in  Tciinu-sie,  in  1^01), 
and  died  in  1S74-  II  is  wife,  who  was  one  of  tho 
very  excellent  piimeersof  the  State,  >iirvived  him 
seven  months.  -Twelve  of  their  cliildreiniic  liv- 
ing, one  of  the  largest  and  most  rcpiiluble 
families  in  the  wholo  State.  The  eldest  son,  J. 
K.  Mcl'riile,  is  a  prominent  lawyer  at  Spokane 
Falls;  Thomas  A.,  another  son,  is  a  widely 
known  lawyer  .iiid  district  attorney,  who  resides 
at  Oregon  City;  James  II.  was  the  Superintend 
ent  for  years  of  the  State  Insane  Asvliini  at 
Milwaukee,  his  cousin  is  the  head  of  a  private 
asylum,  and  editor  of  the  department  of  nervous 
diseases  in  a  mcdicul  journal;  (ieorgo  A.  is 
Secretary  of  State  and  resides  at  Salem;  Klvira, 
the  widow  of  15.  I).  IjUtler,  resides  at  St.  Helen; 
.N'liiicy  v..  is  the  wife  of  W.  II.  holmaii,  a  nier- 
cliaiit  of  St.  Helen;  Louise,  the  widow  of 
(Jeorge  L.  Wood,  has  her  home  at  San  Jose, 
California;  Kmily  L.  is  Assistant  Physician  in 
the  State  Insaiu-  Asylum  of  California;  Susan 
is  the  wife  of  I*.  F.  (iiltner.  Chief  Clerk  in  the 
Secretary  fif  State's  oitice;  Mary  is  the  wife  of 
M.  C.  Ilolman,  and  they  live  in  San  Francisco; 
Liicinda  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  U.  (i.  Ca|ilcs,  of  St. 
Helen;  Judith  is  the  wife  of  .liidgi!  A.  Smith, 
of  liuisc  City;  Martha,  wife  of  Hon.  \.  C. 
Adams,  died  in  1883;  Ellen  died  in  lsG7  in 
her  Hfteenth  year. 

This  is  but  a  very  brief  outline  of  one  of  Ore- 
gon's most  distinguished  families,  and  it  is 
doubtful  if  tliert'  is  any  other  Oregon  pioneer 
who  has  left  so  large,  talented  and  highly  re- 
spected a  family  as  Dr.  James  McBride. 


-=*-< 


|}««^§€*'i^'--> 


fUANCIS  M.  MI LLKU,  Postmaster  .at  Leb- 
anon, was  born  in  Iveofauipia,  Iowa,  in 
1844.  His  father,  Jacob  Miller,  was  of 
Scotch  descent,  and  was  born  in  Virginia  and 
removed  to  Ohio.  There  he  was  married,  in 
18:51,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1837,  when 
he  moved  to  the  frontier  and  settled  in  Van 
IJiiren  county,  Iowa,  among  the  HIack  Hawk 
Indians.  He  took  a  homestead  of  100  acres 
and  built  a  log  cabin,  and  reclaimed  from  the 
wilderness  and  improved  a  fine  farm.  There  he 
resided  until  his  death  in  1848.  His  wiilow 
still  occupies  the  farm,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
seven  years.  They  had  nine  children,  seven  of 
whom  lived  to  maturity  and  still  survive. 

Francis  M.  was  the  youngest  son,  and  received 
what   little  education    he  received    in  his  early 


BB 


J.if 


If  I 


ust 


lIIsroUY    OF    OltKdON. 


i\\\\»  ill  Kuo.-aiii|iiii.  Wlu'ii  I'Orl  Siiiiitt'r  whs 
ii/eil  upon,  tlie  wlmle  rainily  weri!  tlirilleii  witli 
patriotism,  ami  tiirce  l)rotliers  and  oiit^  lii'ntiiL'r- 
iii-law  eiiliftiMl,  in  1801,  ami  Francis  t'ollnwi'd 
tliuir  i'\aiii]ile  as  soon  as  age  would  jii'iiiiit.  llo 
I'idisted  in  inu  spring  ol'  IsO:!.  in  tlic  Tliird 
Iowa  Cavalry,  coniinandei!  Ip_v  C'oloiiel  ,1.  \S . 
NoMc.  latf  Secretary  of  tlio  Interior.  Tiieir 
first  cngagunu'nt  was  at  Pilot  Kiioli,  Missouri, 
and  later  at  tlio  capture  of  l.ittle  Uock,  Arkan- 
sas. They  were  then  transferred  toflie  Dcjiait- 
iiient  of  Tennessee,  and  joined  in  tin-  raid 
through  Alabama  ami  (Jeorgia,  and  aided  in  the 
eapttire  of  .lefVerson  Davis.  Mr.  Miller  was 
diseharged  in  August.  IHfio,  without  wounds, 
but  prostrated  liy  hardships  and  ex])08nre,  which 
left  hifting  efl'ects  in  weakness  an<l  disease.  One 
brother  and  brother-in-law  were  kille(l  at  'i'upelo, 
Mississippi,  and  another  severely  wouniled  and 
disal>led  at  Pittsburg  Landing. 

After  his  discharge  Mr.  Miller  returned  to 
his  home,  and  in  the  fall  entered  the  Iowa 
Wesleyan  University,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa, 
takini;  the  classical  course,  and  gradwatini;  in 
lS~i,  with  the  second  honors  of  his  class. 
Means  for  his  education  were  procured  by  teach- 
ing and  by  practicing  the  most  rigid  economy, 
lie  had  tilings  to  such  a  fine  point,  that  ho  was 
able  to  live  at  the  expense  of  tJS  cents 
per  week.  Considering  the  difliculties  under 
which  he  labored,  it  is  wonderful  that  he  not 
only  was  able  to  go  through  the  university,  hut 
that  he  >hou!d  ilo  so  with  high  honors,  lie 
again  returned  home,  and  was  at  once  elccicd 
Superintendent  of  County  Schools,  filling  that 
office  until  January,  1874.  lie  then  entered 
the  ottiee  of  Messrs.  Lea  A:  "Work,  prominent 
attorneys  of  Keosanqua,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  lsT5.  1I(^  followed  the  practice  of 
law  at  KeosaiKjua  until  the  fall  of  iNTt!,  when 
he  removed  toOregim.  and  passed  the  winter  at 
Albany.  In  the  spring  of  1877  he  was  engaged 
as  principal  of  the  public  school  of  Lebanon, 
but  after  teaching  for  eighteen  months  he  re 
snnieil  his  practice  of  law.  lie  ])ui'cha8ed  town 
property  in  Lebanon,  and  has  built  several  resi- 
dences besides  the  Miller  business  block,  <'om- 
pleted  in  1891.  He  was  apjiointcd  Postnnister 
of  Lebanon  in  .Inly,  18!J1,  by  Postmaster- 
General  Wanamaker.  lie  has  also  sei'vcd  his 
citv  as  Pecorder  and  Marshal,  and  in  18S8  was 
instrumental  in  organizing  the  •lohn  Miller 
Post,  No.  42,  G.  A.  H.  Ilo  is  serving  his 
tliird   term    as  Commander   and  Junior    \'ice- 


Comnianderof  the  Department  of  Oregon.  Ilo 
attended  the  National  Kncamipinent  at  San 
I'rancisco,  as  a  delegate,  and  he  also  went  in  the 
same  capacity  to  St.  Louis.  In  March.  l8iCJ,  he 
was  appointed  Judge  Advocate  on  the  staff  of 
II.  II.  Nortlicamp.  Commander  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Oregon.  For  eight  years  he  has  been 
Secretaryof  Lebanon  Lodge,  .So.  44,  F.  A  A.  M. 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Phi- Delta-Tlieta  fra- 
ternity of  the  Wesleyan  I'liiversity. 

He  was  married,  in  187.'),  to  Miss  Ilulda  S. 
Armstrong,  of  Tuscarawas  county.  They  have 
three  children:  Walter  A..  Pessie  15.  and  Cath- 
arine. 


<--^*^il*®|^» 


>t<^;^a». 


fOSKPII  MEVKRS,  the  leading  dry-goods" 
and  carj)et  dealer  of  Salem,  is  another  of 
_  the  many  good  citizens  and  capable  busi- 
ness men  that  Germany  has  furnished  to  the 
I'liited  States. 

The  business  of  which  Mr.  Meysrs  is  pro- 
prietor was  established  in  February,  1864,  by 
Warren  and  Ivugene  lireyman,  the  firm  bjl:.' 
known  as  lireyman  P.ros.  They  did  a  largo 
business  for  sixteen  years,  and  were  exceedingly 
successful,  their  name  for  the  store  having  been 
the  White  Corner.  Mr.  Meyers  became  the 
owner  of  the  business  by  jiurchase,  in  1880, 
and  continued  its  name  by  calling  it  the  Old 
White  (!orner.  The  building  is  two  stores  wide 
by  ninety  feet  deep,  and  he  deals  heavily  in 
dry  goods,  carj)ets,  gents"  and  ladies' furnishing 
goods,  and  hats,  lie  has  carefnilv  retained  the 
good  rejintation  of  his  store,  and  has  been  ex- 
ceedingly prosperous.  He  is  eminently  a  self- 
nnide  man,  owing  his  success  entirely  to  his 
own  natural  ability  and  force  of  idiaracter. 

He  was  born  in  (Tormany  of  (ierman  parents, 
in  18:{I'),  and  came  to  the  I'nited  States  alone,  a 
poor,  honest  boy  of  seventeen,  for  the  purpose 
of  seeking  his  fortune  in  America,  a  land  of 
which  he  had  heard  as  offering  better  indnce- 
iiieiits  to  tlii^  industrious,  who,  without  means, 
might  by  their  own  exertions  rise  to  affluence. 
When  lie  arrived  in  .\nierica,  he  had  the  lan- 
guage of  the  country  and  nearly  everything  else 
to  learn.  After  working  as  a  clerk  for  wages 
for  several  years,  he  went  to  Kern  county.  Cali- 
fornia, and,  in  IStifJ.  starteil  a  general  merchan- 
dise store,  on  his  own  account,  near  Pakersfield. 
He  purchased  his  first  stock  on  time,  by  giving 
two  notes  of  ^fiOO  each,  and  by  close  attention, 


lIlHTOIiy    OF    ()RK(Ut\. 


ll.V, 


ineiil  lit  San 
<)  ut'iit  in  tlio 
ivli.  lS!):i.  lu. 

tiic  Ktiiir  of 

tin-  Dcjiait- 
lic  I1118   l)UL'n 

4,  F.  it  A.  M. 

tii-'riu'tu  frii- 

y- 

lias  Ilnlila  S. 
They  liave 
I!,  and  Catli- 


ng  dry-goods 
is  aiiotliiM-  0/ 
ciijiahle  linsi- 
lislied   to    tiio 

eysrs  iw  pro. 
iiry,  1804,  hy 
"lu  firm  l)-;!:g 

did  a  large 
■c  exceedingly 
('  iiaving  been 
3  became  the 
laae,  in  18S(>, 
ig  it  tiic  Old 
'o  stores  wide 
lis  heavily  in 
es'  furnishing 
■  retained  the 
has  been  ex- 
nently  a  self- 
tirely  to  his 
hnrai'tcr. 
rnian  parents, 
tates  alone,  a 

the  purpose 
ica.  a  land  of 
etter  indiice- 
itliont  means, 

to  atlluence. 
had  the  lan- 
erythingelso 
rk  for  wauea 
comity.  Cali- 
ral  merciian- 
!•  Hakerstield. 
e,  by  giving 
se  attention. 


and  liberal  methnds  in  bu^ine8s,  ho  had.  in  six 
years,  secured  a  large  trade,  and  was  (nrrying 
)j(30,()00  worth  of  stock.  At  that  tinu'  he  sold 
out  to  come  to  Salcin,  where  he  has  since  en- 
joyed the  leading  trade  of  the  city. 

During  the  war  iiis  political  views  were  lie- 
publican,  but.  more  recently  he  has  favoreil 
l)emocraey.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  ().  I'. 
W.,  and  is  ul.-ui  a  Master  Mason. 

hi  18(5()  he  was  married  to  Miss  Kllen 
Harvey,  a  native  of  Xova  Scotia,  who  was 
raised  in  Boston.  They  have  six  children,  all 
sons,  who  were  born  on  the  I'acitic  cuast.  His 
two  oldest  sons.  Henry  W.  anil  Milton  1...  are 
etticient  helps  in  their  father's  busintws,  while 
the  others,  Charles  Iv,  Arthur  W.,  (ieorge  II. 
and  Josej)h,  are  attending  school. 

.Mr.  Nleyers  owns  a  goo<l  home  in  Salem,  and 
other  vidnable  real  estate,  JHith  in  Oregon  and 
Califorida.  His  motto  in  business,  and  in  fact, 
his  religion,  is  the  (iolden  Rub':  '•  I)(i  unto 
others,  as  you  wouhl  that  they  should  do  unto 
you."  He  is  liberal,  ifiinded  ami  progressive, 
takes  an  active  interest  in  public  ali'airs,  and  is 
numbered  amoi\g  the  representative  citizens  of 
tsalein. 


fOSKPlI  1'.  LI':ATHI-:US,a  prominent  boat- 
builder  at  Astoria,  was  born  in  Redwood 
City,  San  Mateo  county,  California,  in  IHS'.I. 
His  father,  I'eter  I.eathers  was  a  native  of  Ver- 
mont, and  emigrated  to  California,  during  tlii' 
gold  excitement  of  1850,  subsequently  locating 
at  Redwood  City.  Mr.  Leathers  was  married, 
and  then  engaged  in  the  warehouse  iind  shipping 
business,  miming  his  own  boats  to  San  Kran- 
cisco. 

Joseph  P.  live<l  with  his  parents  until  the  age 
of  sixteen  years,  and  then  going  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, he  ap|)renticed  himself  for  four  years 
with  Thomas  Vice,  a  pi'actical  boat-builder,  and 
with  him  learned  that  tra<le.  In  the  fall  of 
1881  Mr.  Leathers  came  to  .Astoria,  and  engaged 
as  journeyman  with  Mr.  William  Ilowani  in 
the  fall  of  1882.  He  then  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  his  brother,  Richard  M.  Leatlior?;  ".r.d 
oj)ened  a  small  shop  for  boat-building  and  re- 
pairing. In  July,  1883,  the  firm  dissolved  and 
(iur  subject  continued  alone  in  general  boat 
work.  The  first  steamboat  he  constrnc'ecl  was 
the  Electric,  for  Captain  E  (".  Fisher,  and 
tl'.is  was  folU)Wed  l>y  tlie  Favorite,  the  Tomiuin, 


the  Wenona.  the  R.  MiMer,  the  May  Flower,  the 
Eclipse,  the  (^ucen,  the  R.  I'.  Elmore,  the  Occi- 
dent, the  Sea  Foam  and  the  Hattie.  Small  boats 
for  fishing  purposes  he  has  manufactureil  as 
high  as  twelve  |ier  month,  during  the  bu>y  sea- 
son, anil  empliivs  from  two  to  fifteen  liands,  hh 
business  demands.  Ilir.  tWD-story  shop,  3(1  xOO 
feet,  is  well  eipiipped  for  the  rapid  performance 
of  work.  He  owns  city  and  country  proiicrty 
adjoining,  and  ha-  KSO  acres  of  timber-land.  In 
his  business  relations  Mr.  Leathers  has  overcome 
many  difficulties,  but  by  hard  work  and  per- 
sistent eifort,  paying  the  closest  attention  to  de- 
tail   he    has    built  up  a   name  and    re|uitation 


ran    ne    tuts    uuiit   up  a   na 
throughout  the  .Northwest. 


|j«  L.  LEE,  M.  I).,  a  well-known  practitioner 
1™  at  Junction  City,  was  born  at  Vermont, 
*  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  in  18ii7.  His 
parents,  I'hilester  and  Eliza  \.  (i'urge)  Lee, 
were  mitives  of  the  State  of  New  York,  but 
settled  in  e;irly  life  in  Illinois;  later  they  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  where  Mr.  Lee  followed  his 
life's  occupation,  farming.  In  the  spring  of 
1847,  with  an  outfit  of  four  wagons,  twelve 
yoke  of  oxen  and  some  loose  cattle,  he  set  out 
for  Oregon,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  seven 
children  and  his  father,  ageil  eighty  years.  They 
started  with  the  Oskuloosa  train,  which  subse- 
ipiently  divided  into  smaller  traiiiK.  The  journey 
was  without  partidar  incident  or  accident,  and 
by  wise  nuimigement  any  engagement  with  the 
Indians  was  avoided.  Arriving  at  the  Dalles, 
they  left  oxen  and  wagons  and  proceeded  to  the 
Cascades  by  canoes,  and  thence  by  flat-boat  to 
I'ortlanil,  which  was  then  composed  of  three 
farm  houses,  a  few  log  cabins,  and  inhabited  i)y 
100  jieople.  There  they  passed  the  winter, 
and  in  the  summer  of  184S,  .Nfr.  Lee  moved  his 
family  to  Tualitin  plains,  where  he  secured  a 
home.  With  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California, 
lie  went  to  that  State,  and  mined  with  great 
success  for  one  year,  taking  out  ^SOO  in  a  single 
day.  He  returned  to  OregoTi  in  the  fall  of 
1840,  and  moved  his  family  to  Salem,  where  he 
embarked  in  mercantile  trade.  In  1850  be  took 
his  family  and  stock  of  goods  to  Soda  Springs, 
but  shortly  after  decided  that  merchandising 
was  not  his  forte.  He  tlien  disposed  of  his 
interests  and  located  a  donation  claim  of  (540 
acres;  he  conducted  a  general  farming  and 
nursery  business  until   1880.  when  he  sold  out. 


aasn 


IISII 


nrsTour  «f  oii/cnoif. 


iukI  irt  now  living  witii  his  c-iiildren,  imving  Ht- 
tiiiiiuii  tlio  I'ipe  old  age  oi'  I'lj^lity-two  yi'iiis. 

|)|'.  Lue  win  ndiicatod  in  tliu  country  n(diools, 
iind  at  Willanietle  UniviM'sity.  llu  roniiiint'd 
ii|)(in  tin-  I'arm  nntii  Isiil,  when  lie  uidiiitcd  at 
Ailianv,  in  Cunipany  F.  First  Oregon  \'oliinti;i'r 
Infantry,  (•(inunanded  liy  C'>|oni'l  (Jeorjjt!  1>. 
(hirry.  ilo  \va.-  statidni'd  at  V^ancoiivfr,  Walla 
Walla  and  at  i'ort  l,a|)\VHi,  ainonj^  tiie  Nez  I'lM'ci'S 
Indians,  and  continued  in  the  service  nineteen 
tiiontli>,  at  llie  end  ot'  wliicli  time  lie  was  Imnor- 
ably  diM'liarged.  He  liej^^an  readini;  medicine 
at  Fort  l.apwai  with  Dr.  (Jeorire  K.  Smith,  hut 
after  his  discharge  was  employed  as  carpenter 
at  i''iirt  Klamath  Indian  Iteservation;  he  re- 
iniincd  there  tilteen  nu>nths,  ami  during  his 
leisure  hours  devoted  hiuifelf  to  the  (-tudy  of 
the  profession  he  hail  decidi'd  to  iiKike  his  life's 
work.  In  the  fall  of  ISti'J  he  cntored  the 
medical  department  of  Willamette  University, 
and  was  uraduated  with  the  dej'ree  of  M.  I),  in 
.March,  1871.  lie  liegan  practice  at  Lancaster, 
Lane  county,  Imt  removed  shortly  to  . I  unction 
C'itv,  and  has  estahlished  a  tine  practice  with 
the  liuilding  of  the  town. 

Dr.  Lee  was  married  in  Linn  county,  in  lSfi7, 
to  Miss  .\nianila  .M.Origgs.a  native  of  Illinois, 
and  a  daugl-fer  of  \.  )>.  Griggs,  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  IHbO.  They  are  the  parents  of  live 
children:  Knrneet,  Annie,  Claude,  Wright  and 
Clare.  The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  blue 
loilge  and  eliajiter  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  be- 
longs to  the  I.  O.  F.  and  to  the  A.  O.  ['.  W. 
lie  was  aj)poinfcd  Fostniastt-r  of  . I  unction  City 
by  TresidtHit  Harrison  in  ISS'.I.  He  is  a  stock- 
holder and  director  of  the  Junction  (Jity  Hotel 
Company,  and  is  one  of  the  most  energetic  and 
progressive  members  of  professional  and  com- 
mercial circles  in  the  city. 

U)N.JKSSK  (1  MOORE,  an  Oregon  pio- 
neer of  185'.i,  and  a  prominent  citizen  and 
business  man  of  Washington  county,  Ore- 
gon, was  horn  in  Fayettevillc,  .\rkansas,  Sep- 
tember 3,  1830.  He  is  the  sun  of  Thomas  and 
Kliza  (Wilson)  Moore,  both  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky, born,  respectively,  in  ISO-l  and  in  181(t, 
and  were  early  settlers  in  the  State  of  Arkansas. 
Our  subjecl's  father  was  a  farmer  in  Arkansas, 
f.nd  reared  a  family  of  ten  children,  and  died  in 
the  fifty  fourth  year  of  his  age.  Six  of  the 
children  are  living. 


Our  subject  was  the  second  child  in  the  fam- 
ily, ami  was  reaird  in  Wa>liington  county, 
.\rkansas,  near  layetteville.  He  became  of  age 
in  September,  and  in  the  following  spring  he 
started  for  ("alifornia.  The  emigration  had 
been  so  great  to  California  that  in  order  to  get 
food  for  the  cattle,  the  party  «ith  whom  our 
subject  was  connected  changed  their  ])lanB  and 
came  to  Oregon.  I'hey  were  six  months  and 
seventeen  days  on  the  journey,  and  arrived  at 
I'ortland  October  '^2,  and  our  subject  came 
almost  directly  to  Washington  county  and  took 
a  job  of  splitting  1(1,000  rails  for  Mr,  William 
Wilson.  Ihf  Worked  at  jobbing  and  farming 
until  IH.'io,  and  then  went  to  California  and  en- 
gaged in  digging  gold  in  Siskiyou  county, 
meeting  with  success.  There  he  remained  for 
three  yniiTb,  and  then  I'eturned  to  Oregon, 
having  lost  his  health  by  a  snnsti'oke.  Ho 
then  came  to  his  present  locality,  at  (ireeiiville, 
and  was  sooi'  elected  Assessor  of  the  county, 
serving  two  years.  On  May  17,  ISo^,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Uaehel  S.  Wilson, 
a  native  of  .Missouri,  born  in  1843.  Her  par- 
ents came  to  Oregon  in  1843. 

After  marriage  Mr.  Moure  purchased  320 
acres  of  land,  and  engaged  in  fai'iiiing  for  two 
years,  and  was  then  elected  Sherilf  of  the 
county,  and  served  in  this  oflice  so  acceptably 
that  he  was  re-elected  for  three  terms.  At  the 
clo.-e  of  his  service  as  Slieritf  lie  returned  to 
his  farm  and  successfully  cai'i'ii'd  on  operations 
there  for  a  number  of  years,  and  added  to  his 
property  1(!0  acres,  nniking  the  farm  480  acres, 
and  this  |)lftce  ho  still  owns.  In  1877  he  rented 
his  farm  and  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
(rrcenville  store,  with  Mr.  Pierce,  the  firm 
being  I'ierce  it  Moore.  They  continued  to  do 
a  prosperous  business,  and  in  1885  they  dis- 
solved partnership,  Mr.  Moore  continuing  the 
business  until  1892,  when  Mr.  Walter  Foster 
purchased  a  oiU'-tliiril  interest  in  it,  and  the 
name  of  the  firm  now  is  Moore,  Foster  it  Co., 
the  "company"  being  Mr.  Moore's  son,  who 
was  taken  into  the  tirin.  From  the  first  con- 
nection of  our  subject  with  the  business  tlicre 
has  been  every  imlication  of  prosperity,  and 
the  trade  has  been  constantly  increasing. 

In  1888  Mr.  Mo(M'e  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  vs-as  re-elected  a 
second  time.  While  serving  he  gave  strict  at- 
tention to  the  interests  of  his  constituents,  and 
served  on  several  important  comtnittees  in  a 
very  capable  manner.     His  wife  ia  n  member  of 


itis'iony  01-'  oKKiioN. 


WW 


If     of     tlR" 

acceptably 


till'  Coii^i't-'^Btionnl  Cliurcli,  while  liu  'j  a  inciii- 
bur  (if  tiic  Christitin  Cliurcii;  and,  iiotwitli- 
xtiiiiding  tiiiit  lie  was  icnrcil  in  tlie  Suiitli,  whoru 
i'eeliiif^  wan  iiif^li  at  llic  opciiiii^  "f  tiie  war,  lie 
took  H  (inn  staiid  for  lliu  riiioii  iiiul  jdiiioil  tliu 
raiii<H  of  llui  Kcpiildican  party,  ami  tliiis  ^lulwt■(l 
liiiiiBcIf  aiiic  to  rise  aliovu  tiiu  prcjiuiices  of 
early  trainiiifr  when  a  ^reat  (pieftion  was  to  be 
(Ifciilcil. 

Our  i^iibject  is  a  inciiiber  of  the  AfaKniii,!  fra- 
ternity, and  is  an  iijiright,  iioiKirabk'  citizen, 
and  has  rinlily  deserved  the  giiccess  which  has 
crowiKMl  his  ( tforls  in  Oregon. 

July  8,  1880,  Mrs.  Moore  died,  alter  a  mar- 
ried life  of  eiffhteen  years,  a  most  e.xceilent  wife 
and  tender  mother.  She  left  four  children: 
William  I,.,  born  in  18()S;  Anne  M.,  born  in 
1874;  Matty  M.,  liorn  in  1876;  and  Frederick 
(,'.,  horn  in  1878.  Mr.  Moore  married  ^liss 
.lenny  Wilson,  August  13,  1882,  and  by  this 
marriage  there  are  two  sons:  .lease  C,  .Ir.,  b<irn 
in  August,  1888;  and  Max  W.,  born  December 
28.  18»a. 

llEELOCK  SliMMONS,  a  retired 
farmer,  I'esiding  in  McMiiinvilie,  and 
an  honored  Oregon  jiioneer  of  1850, 
was  horn  in  Bradford  county,  Pennsylvania, 
May  4,  1820.  His  father,  Seneca  Simmons, 
was  a  native  cf  Now  Vork  State,  while  his 
ir.other,  nee  Miss  IS'ancy  Willcox,  was  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  was  a  daughter  of  Stephen 
and  Rachel  Willcox,  both  natives  of  the  Old 
Dominion. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  third  of 
eleven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm  in  his  native  county,  and 
his  educational  o|)portunities  were  limited,  most 
that  he  has  learned  having  been  acquired  in  the 
hard  school  of  exjierience. 

After  arriving  at  maturity  he  was  for  some 
time  on  a  farm  in  Illinois,  where  he  worked  for 
wages.  lie  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  worked  for  a  couple  of  years  and  care- 
fully saved  his  wages,  when  he  again  moved  to 
Illinois,  where  he  purchased  forty  acres  of  land. 
After  si)eiuling  some  time  on  this  land  he  was 
taken  ill,  and  was  advised  by  his  physician  to 
seek  a  different  climate. 

The  gold  excitement  was  then  at  its  height, 
and  in  184&  he  crosted  the  plains  to  California. 


IIi>  engaged  in  mining,  and  was  very  nnHuccesB- 
fui.  At  last  he  and  eight  others  conceived  the 
idea  of  turning  tlm  Kealher  river  from  its 
course,  wilii  a  viev  of  working  in  the  lied  of 
that  stream,  where  they  liojied  to  tind  much 
gold.  Mr.  Simmons  was  otfered  N",'.()(IU  for 
his  claim,  init  he  ]iroiMptly  declined  it.  After 
they  had  sunk  most  of  their  money  in  the 
enterprise,  it  proved  to  bo  a  failure.  'J'hus, 
after  eleven  months  spent  in  the  mines  of  Cali- 
fornia, he  left,  almost  destitute  of  means. 

He  then  went  to  I'ortland,  Oregon,  where  he 
arrived  in  September,  1850,  being  810  in  delit. 
lie  soon  secured  work  and  ])aid  up  what  ho 
owed,  and  then  went  to  Ilillshoro,  Washington 
county,  where  he  worked  for  several   months. 

On  December  0,  1850,  he  was  married  to 
Mrs.  David  Hill,  whose  maiden  name  was 
I.ncinda  II.  Carter.  She  was  a  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  accompanied  her  liist  husiiand  to 
Oregon  in  1845,  settling  in  Washington  county, 
on  the  (540  acres  of  land  on  which  the  city  of 
Ilillshoro  now  stands,  and  from  whom  the  city 
derived  its  name.  Their  land  was  that  |)ortion 
of  the  town  where  the  depot  and  public  school 
building  now  stands. 

Mr.  Simmons  farmed  land  which  he  owned 
near  McMinnville,  raising  wheat,  which  he  sohl 
us  low  as  ()5  cents,  and  as  high  as  S4  a  bushel. 
lie  platted  a  part  of  Ilillshoro,  selling  some  of 
the  property,  but  there  is  still  mnch  remaining. 

After  twenty-nine  years  of  happy  married 
life,  his  wife  died,  in  1879.  She  was  a  woman 
of  intelligence  and  many  amiable  traits  of 
character,  and  was  greatly  lamented  by  her 
husband  and  friends. 

In  1880  lie  married  Mrs.  Lucy  Ellen  lii'rgan, 
the  widow  of  Mr.  II.  II.  Hurgan,  a  promi'ieiit 
resident  of  this  county.  Her  maiden  name  was 
Lucy  E.  Moon.  They  have  two  children:  Her- 
bert P.  and  Orville  M. 

In  1887  they  removed  to  McMinnville,  where 
Mr.  Simmons  purchased  a  good  home  and  in- 
vested largely  in  property,  besides  taking  stock 
in  the  various  ciiterprifes  of  the  city.  He  has 
built  ee<eral  dwelling  houses,  and  otherwise 
done  his  share  toward  the  u])building  of  the 
place.  lie  has  been  a  Granger  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  the  Cirange 
store  at  McMinnville. 

Mr.  Simmons  was  reared  a  Democrat,  but  at 
the  time  of  the  civil  war  co-operated  with  the 
Union  party,  since  when  he  has  styled  himself 
an  independent  in  politics. 


i 


\vi  \ 


tf?' 


m 


UAH 


iiisrouY  <!/••  iiiiKduy. 


'rinis  is  ii(|(|u<l  iiiiotlii'i'  ruiiiic  to  till-  iiiiiiuTOiiH 
anil  I'l'lt'liiutctl  tlii'diig  III  iiiililf  |iioiie('in  of  thi,-. 
jri'f'iit  criiiiiiionwi'iiltli.  WliulliiT  it  iH  tliiit  j;ri'Htt«r 
uinl  iKittcr  iiiuii  ciiiiie  to  <  •n-goii.  or  wlictliur  rIic 
licrx'lf  Imil  Hiiiiii'tliiiiM  to  (In  witli  iiiciilcatiii^  in 
tlii'lr  iiiimlH  iiMil  liuiirts  all  that  in  ^'oml  iiiiil 
Ci'<'at,  is  a  <|iiMUilary ;  Kiit  the  rmt  ii'iiiaiiiK  tlir 
nainc,  tliat  iihuc  imlde  ii:iini'.>  ^iiiee  lici-  icciniU 
tlmn  nlinoHt  any  otiier  Stato  in  the  i'nion. 


>'^-^i^^7<-^ 


fOllN  MILNK.  the  pfopriefor  of  flio  Iliiln- 
lioningli  lliiiiring  mill,  and  a  primiinunt 
citizen  lit'  Wasliinj,'t(in  cunnty.  wa"  liorn 
in  AliiTiit'enHJiii'c,  Scotland,  on  tlu'  '2t5tli  of 
ilay,  1S32.  11  in  parents  wuro  .lames  and  .lane 
(Adam)  Milne,  both  nativeti  of  Scotland,  and  o' 
old  Scotch  ancestry.  They  were  fanners  and 
I'resliyterians,  and  had  twehc  children,  eight 
sons  and  i'mn'  dani^litcrs,  ten  of  «lioiii  lived  to 
niiiidiiKid  and  wiinninliood,  and  six  of  whom  ari' 
still  li\ing. 

Mr.  Milne  was  edncatcd  in  his  native  conn- 
try,  and  leai'ticd  the  trade  of  miller.  In  his 
nineteenth  year  he  emigrated  to  Canada,  and 
after  workinij  at  his  trade  there  for  8<itnc  years, 
ill  18t)8,  he  emigrated  to  Australia,  and  re- 
mained in  the  milling  business  until  1871,  then 
wont  to  San  Francisco.  After  looking  Cali- 
fornia ovei'  for  six  miintliB,  he  decided  that  the 
country  would  not  suit  him,  so  he  went  to  I'ort- 
land,  Orei^on,  and  found  thiiifj;!-  more  to  his  lik- 
Injr  there,  lie  jiurchased  a  cheap  mill  six  ndles 
this  side  of  I'ortland,  hut  after  a  yenr  in  that 
place  decided  to  make  Hillsborough  his  place  of 
residence,  so  he  built  a  laroe  mill  iinddid  a  suc- 
cessful business  until  IS87,  when  he  added  a 
lari^c-riilK'r  ])roces8  mill,  with  all  the  recent 
improvements  for  the  production  of  the  best 
flour  and  the  choicest  oatmeal.  The  tirst  mill 
lie  still  utilizes  for  a  feed-mill,  lie  has  a  laro;e 
local  business  and  also  a  nnirket  for  a  larj^o 
amount  of  his  jirodiict  at  I'ortland  and  Seattle. 
His  new  mill  has  a  capacity  of  seventy  barrels 
of  flour,  and  sixty  barrels  of  oatmeid. 

As  Mr.  Milne  has  had  surplus  fnmlR  ho  has 
invested  in  farming  lands,  from  time  to  time, 
and  now  is  the  owner  of  1,600  acres,  and  is 
farniino;  his  land  himself.  He  raised  20,000 
bushels  of  wheat  and  oats  last  year,  and  expei^ts 
to  do  still  better  this  season.  He  also  raises 
liis  own  breed   of    horse?,  a  cro'^s  between   the 


Ainoricnn  horses  and  ('lydesdale  and  I'ercherun 
>tiic!',  and  in  thi-  way  is  |iroducing  a  strain  of 
horses  that  arepiod  for  any  kind  of  wdrk. 

Mr.  Milne  was  unirried  in  1877  to  Miss  Mar- 
i^'aret  Lnrklcader,  a  native  of  Scotland  and  of 
Scotch  ancestry,  'Vhv\  have  three  children; 
■iiihn.  I.izzy.  and  .lacob  William.  Mr.  Miliu; 
has  built  a  pleasant  and  cnmmoilious  home  near 
his  mill  and  the  railroad  statior.  where  llu>y 
reside.  He  is  a  Kepublican  in  politics,  ond  is 
sirving  his  fourth  term  in  the  City  Council. 
He  has  lit<en  very  active  in  the  iinproveineiit  of 
the  city,  siH'!;  as  nwi!  ing  walks,  liglitinf.^  the 
city  with  eL'Ctricity.  and  'iro\  iding  a  system  of 
waterw)rk>.  for  all  of  I  hi.'-  he  deserves  great 
crcilil.  He  and  his  wile  are  members  of  the 
Tinilitin  Presbyterian  Chui'ch,  and  he  is  oiu'  of 
the  Trustees. 

This  is  but  a  very  brief  1  istory  of  one  of  the 
most  honored  of  the  ciM;;ens  of  IlilUboniugh. 
When  we  consider  that  thissame  nuui  left  his  fa- 
ther's home  with  lint  half  a  crown  in  his  pocket, 
and  that  it  is  oidy  by  his  own  industry  that  he 
has  attained  the  position  he  now  occupies,  we 
must  f<'el  that  loo  much  praise  can  not  In' given 
him  for  his  success. 

?   'J^    "l^'l-y^  *^-^ 1      '^ 

IM.IAM  W.    MILLKK.  one  of  the  re- 

liable  citizens  of  Dallas.  Oregon,  was 
born  in  the  State  of  Illinnis,  December 
^8,'183l.  The  Millers  ori^rinated  in  Ireland. 
Sonu'  members  of  the  family  came  to  America, 
and  settled  in  the  South  previous  to  the  IJcvo- 
lution.  (irandfatlutr  Millci'  was  a  soldier  in 
that  war,  and  lost  on(t  of  his  eyc^s  while  Hghtinj,; 
for  independence.  Our  subject's  father,  Wil- 
son W.  Miller,  was  born  in  East  Tennessee  in 
1803.  He  unirried  Lneinda  Wilkinson,  a  na- 
tive of  KentiU'ky.  and  a  daughter  of  Carey 
Wilkinson.  Her  father  was  of  Scotch  ancestry, 
and  he,  too.  was  a  soldier  in  the  Kevolutionary 
war,  losing  his  life  therein.  They  had  eight 
children,  four  of  whom  are  now  living.  When 
William  W.  was  fourteen  the  family  removed 
to  Iowa,  and  were  anuing  the  first  settlers  west 
of  Fort  Des  Moiiu's.  The  father  died  in  .that 
State,  in  the  seventy-sixth  year  of  his  age.  and 
the  mother  at  the  age  of  sixty-two. 

Mr.  Miller  remained  in  Iowa  until  1860. 
In  1857  he  married  Miss  Lydia  Leaming.  who 
was  born  in  Indiami.  and  reai-ed  in  iowa.      Her 


UlsroUY    ''I"'    oilf-'OON. 


iinu 


riitlior,  Jiiiliili  l.cHiiiiii^,  wiiH  cil'  I'liritiiii  iiiii'«'n 
try.  Iti  lS(i(i,  with  liiH  \vif(»  itiid  only  cliilil. 
Cliloc,  lio  cniKB'.'il  tliu  ipluins  to  ( (rcj^on,  coniiiii^ 
ill  II  truiii  111'  twfiity  wiii^one,  stiirtiiiji  May  I, 
Hiiil  riMicliiiii^  I  )iilliii',  their  (ItNtiiuilioii,  in  hiil'i'ty, 
AiigiiHt  18.  They  wi'i'i!  grt'iilly  iiiiiioyoci  liy  thu 
Iinliuiis  uii  thi.'f  journey,  lint  no  serionH  iiiLnhnp 
hcffll  them. 

Mr.  .Miller  inircimsed  a  sauniiil  noine  iiiilcf- 
weBt  of  l).llllt^,  itiiii  ran  it  iiiiil  itnotlu'i'  iiiill 
sevtrii!  yenrn.  lleKold  out  aiid  returned  Knst 
in  ISIiU.  and  in  1871  again  eaiiie  to  Orei/o? 
liMvinf^  inado  tiiree  trip^  aeroHs  the  iilaiiis,  and 
i)i  ;ii  time  with  liorBUH.  Ilu  renteil  laml  near 
Dallas  for  ei^ht  years.  In  tin  fall  of  IS81  he 
|iiiruliascd  M')'Z  acres  adjoining  the  corporation 
on  the  east,  ami  here  lie  has  since  rcsideil,  the 
value  of  his  jiroperty  liavini^  inereaBed  with  the 
growth  of  the  city. 

'{"he  children  of  tliis  worthy  coiiplo  are  as  fol- 
lowe:  (Jliloe.  wife  of  II.  S.  I'lit/;  Liicretiii.  wife 
of  .1.  F.  llolinan;  an<l  Williiuii  I'.,  who  resides 
with  his  father.  Mr.  Miller  has  given  each  of 
his  children  fifty  iieres  of  land,  and  has  the 
pleasure  of  seeing  thctn  settled  near  hi:.i.  Mrs. 
Miller  is  a  meinher  of  the  Methodist  Ohiireh. 
and  is  a  devoteil  (,'hristiaii  woinaii.  At  one 
time  in  her  life  she  waB  in  very  poor  health, 
and  her  complete  recovery  she  uttrituites  to 
answer  to  prayer.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  member  of 
the  Christian  Church.  He  was  a  Democrat  in 
his  younger  days,  hut  of  later  years  his  strong 
ilesire  to  do  what  he  could  to  overthrow  intern- 
[loraiice  has  caused  him  to  liocomo  a  I'rohihi- 
tioiiist.  His  life  has  heen  charaeterized  liy 
honesty  and  indnr.try,  and  he  enjoys  the  goo<l- 
will  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

-*•■    :^ *-^1— |«^F^fe:=;    ■„-■ 

:i  O  M  A  S  M ( )  N  T  E I T II ,  deceased,  was 
horn  in  Fulton  county,  New  York,  March 
i!  3, 1824.  He  was  reared  aid  educated  in 
that  county,  and  then  moved  with  ;.!■;  parents  to 
Wilmington,  Illinois,  settling  on  a  farm. 

In  March,  1847,  in  company  with  his  brother, 
Walter,  ho  set  out  on  the  long  journey  across 
the  plains.  Traveling  with  ox  teams,  their  pro- 
gress was  necessarily  slow  and  tiresome,  but 
without  any  untoward  event  or  thrilling  experi- 
ence they  at  last  arrived  in  the  Willamette  val- 
ley. Proceeding  at  once  to  Lini.  comity,  they 
purchased  of  II.  \.  Sinead  his  possessory  right 
to  320  acres  of  land,    bordering  on   the  Wil- 


lamette river.  In  the  spring  of  IS-IS.  with  their 
charai'teristic  foresight  and  enterprise,  they  siir 
xeyeil  ami  set  apart  >i\ty  ac^res  as  a  ton  n  site, 
na'miii;;  it  .Mbuiiy.in  remeinbraiiceof  the  capital 
city  of  their  native  State.  In  the  I'lill  of  1848 
they  joined  a  company  of  men,  went  to  theCali- 
f.'ri'ii  gold  mines  and  passed  the  winter  there, 
nie-  I  :;  with  substantial  siiccess.  The  i'ollow- 
iiicr  -I  ling  liiey  returned  to  their  embryo  city, 
an  I  oiiilt  the  tirst  house  in  the  town,  on  the 
oornrr  of  Second  and  Washington  streets.  This 
iioU'-e  still  stands.  They  eatiiblished  a  small 
store,  whii  li  wa^  comhicted  by  the  brothers 
jointly  for  a  period  of  twelv(>  years.  .\t  the 
(■',  1  of  thill  time  Thomas  piirdmsed  the  stock, 
aii'l  continued  the  business  alone  for  several 
years  thereafter.  In  18.";.'  'bey  erected  till'  tirst 
flour  mill  on  the  Calajtooya  ri\er,  and  the  flour 
mill  at  the  foot  iT  Ferry  street  they  built  in 
18(i5.  The  brothers  co.iliniied  in  partnership 
until  about  1880,  when  they  di.-sulved.  Thomas, 
however,  devoting  his  time  to  milling  interests 
till  1885,  when  be  sold  out  and  retired  from 
active  life. 

Ill  1854  Thomas  Monteith  returned  to  Oska- 
loosa,  Iowa,  and  on  the  ™'.ltli  of  July  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Miss  ChristiiH'  M.  Dunbar,  re- 
turning at  oni'e  with  his  bride  to  ( )regon.  After 
many  years  of  happy  married  life,  he  passed  to 
his  eternal  home  -Inly  <!L,  18Sl),  leaving  an 
altlicted  widow  and  four  sorrowing  children: 
Archibald,  Charlotte,  Thomas  M.  and  Christine. 
Charlotte  is  now  the  wife  of  .1.  V.  I'ike. 

In  politics  Mr.  Monteith  W'as  a  stanch  Re- 
publican. He  served  as  (Jity  Treasurer  and 
Councilman,  and  also  represented  his  constitu- 
ents as  Mayor  of  .Mbaiiy.  He  was  public-spir- 
ited and  generous,  ever  supporting  those  meas- 
ures that  tended  to  advuiKie  the  interests  of  tlio 
city  and  county.  In  1800  he  and  his  wife 
donated  the  seven  acres  of  land  on  which  now 
stands  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institute. 

In  connection  with  the  life  of  this  worthy 
pioneer  wo  also  present  a  sketch  of  his  son, 
Thomas  M.  Monteith,  the  popular  and  efHcieiit 
Postmaster  of  Albany. 

Thomas  M.  Monteith  was  born  in  Albany,  in 
1802.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  and  the  Albany  Collegiate  Institute.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  lie  entered  upon  a  clerkship 
in  the  general  merchandise  store  of  L.  ('line, 
and  a  year  later  was  employed  as  salesman  by 
Seitenbach  &  Monteith,  with  whom  he  remained 
seven  years.     He  was  then  employed  in  the  dry- 


10^  t 


tiisTony  Of  oheOoN. 


i  t 


goixls  (le))!ii'tint'iit  of  SiiiiiMcl  K.  Young's  store 
until  Marcli,  18'J1,  at  wliicli  tinio  lie  received 
tiio  n[)p(jiutineiit  of  i'ostiiiaster  by  President 
Harrison. 

Mr.  Monteilli  was  married  in  Alljany,  in  ISSi, 
to  iNfiss  Netty  Porter,  a  initive  of  Waitshurg, 
Washington,  daughter  of  O.  T.  Porter,  a  pioneer 
of  that  State. 

He  is  a  member  of  tiie  V.  ^  A.  M.  and  tlie 
K.  of  1'. 

I.WII)  M.  MOOPiE,  tlie  able  proprietor 
and  founder  of  the  Oregon  Brass  Works, 
and  popular  businiws  man  of  Portland, 
came  to  the  nu'trojwlis  in  1S71,  when  he  started 
his  eslablishnient,  wiiieh  has  been  doing  busi- 
ness continuously  ever  since.  The  works  were 
first  located  on  D  street,  between  First  and 
Front  streets,  whence  they  were  removed  to 
Seconil  street,  between  C  and  D  streets,  aiul 
tiiuUly  removed  to  their  present  locality.  No.  5!l 
Second  street,  where  the  works  are  equipped 
with  all  the  most  modern  machinery,  and  most 
improved  methods  for  inannfacturing  all  kinds 
of  lirass-work  and  for  doing  an  e,\tensive  jobbing 
business.  Their  facilities  are  all  taxed  to  the 
utmost  to  meet  the  demand  of  their  large  trade, 
which  extends  throutrhout  the  \orthwest,  this 
being  the  oldest  established  works  of  the  kind 
in  this  country,  which  by  its  liberal  methods 
and  business  integrity  has  gained  the  confidence 
of  the  surrounding  country. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  born  in  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  December  3,  ISiJ.j.  His  father, 
David  M.  Moore,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  ancestor  of  the  family  in  this  country  is  be- 
lieved to  have  been  David  ^[oore,  who  emigrated 
from  Ireland  to  the  I'nited  States  in  1735,  and 
who  located  in  Cumberland,  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  an  Elder  in  the  Marsh  Oeek  Presbyterian 
Church,  and  serveu  for  nnvny  years  as  a  magis- 
trate, dying  January  19.  180:3. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  Nash- 
ville, attending  the  local  schools,  and  leai'niTig 
the  inachiniiits'  trade.  When  twenty  years  of 
age,  in  1855.  he,  like  many  others  before  and 
since  his  time,  became  desirous  of  visiting  the 
golden  West,  and  accordingly  started  for  Oali- 
lornia,  via  the  Isth.nus.  Arriving  at  his  destina- 
tion, he  worked  at  his  trade  in  San  Francisco  for 
about  ten  years,  part  of  this  time  conducting  a 
shop  of  his  own. 


In  1861  he  enga^^ed  in  niininir  inSan  Mernardi 
no  county,  where  he  remained  for  live  years,  and 
sneceeded  in   losing  all  lie  had  so  carefully  and 
laboriously  accumulated. 

He  then  returned  to  San  Francisco,  whore  he 
commenced  working  at  his  business  again,  ami 
where  he  continued  until  he  came  to  Portland 
in  1871. 

In  this  year  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah 
Berry,  an  estimable  lady  and  a  native  of  Tennes- 
see, who  was  a  daughter  of  W.  Cx.  Perry,  a  highly 
respected  resident  of  that  State.  They  have  tivo 
children,  all  of  whom  were  born  in  Portland: 
Nannie,  Julia,  David  and  William.  Their  happy 
married  life  was  destined  to  be  of  short  dura- 
tion, for,  after  twelve  years,  the  faithful  wife  and 
devoted  mother  die<l,  in  Febrmiry,  1883.  She 
was  a  laily  of  intelligence  and  extreme  amiabil- 
ity of  cliaractei',  and  was  greatly  beloved  by  all 
who  knew  her.  Since  then  Mr.  Moore  has  re- 
mained single,  dovotinj;  hiniself  to  his  children 
and  business  interests.  lie  and  his  family  re- 
side in  a  large,  comfortable  residence,  at  No.  531 
J  street,  where  all  that  money  can  p  ovide  is 
abundantlysnpplied  to  the  inmates.  Thegrounds 
are  pleasingly  laid  out,  all  suggesting  comfort 
and  refinement. 

Thus  is  exemplified  what  intelligence  and 
energy  can  accomplish,  when  persistently  ap- 
j)lied,  and  supplemented  by  the  abundant  re- 
sources of  this  wonderfully  favored  State  of  Ore- 
gon, the  greatest  pleasure  of  which  seems  to  be 
in  dowering  her  children  so  richly  as  to  bind 
them   by  gratitude  and   affection  to  her  bosom. 


^mmm- 


fJ.  McPIIETlSON,  Assessor  of  Lane 
county,  was  born  at  Tipton,  Missouri,  in 
o  August.  18'1:8.  His  parents,  J.  C.  and 
Mary  E.  (Scott)  McPhcrson,  were  natives  of 
Kentucky,  bnt  both  emigrated  to  Missouri  with 
their  parents  among  the  pioneer  settlers,  and 
were  married.  Mr.  McPhorson  reclaimed  a 
small  farm  from  the  prairie,  and  they  resided 
there  until  the  springof  1852,  when  he  sold  out 
and  with  his  wife  and  children  started  for 
Oregon.  His  conveyance  was  the  regulation 
"schooner,"  and  his  motive  |)ower  the  ox  team. 
Starting  u|ion  the  I3th  of  April,  their  progrosa 
was  slow  but  sure,  and  meeting  with  no  unusual 
adventure,  they  landed  at  the  Dalles  on  the  Ist 
of  SeptemlMjr,  and  went  thence  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Saiuly.     The  family  making  the  trip  on  the 


ni  \'^' 


•U  ■»_-..- 


nisTOHY  Oh'  onEooy. 


1161 


('oliunl)ia,  and  the  cattle  taking  to  the  trail.  At 
the  Sandy  they  ai^ain  took  their  waj^ons  and 
drove  to  I'ortland,  tlien  n|)  the  Willamette  val- 
ley, and  located  a  donation  claim  of  3'2(t  acrcri, 
near  the  present  town  of  Silverton,  and  then 
they  followed  fanning  and  improved  the  claim, 
until  1864,  when  he  sohl  and  purchased  120 
acres  near  Springfield,  and  thei'(«  thoy  resided 
until  1884,  wlu^n  they  removed  to  Euirene,  and 
Mr.  A[cPherfion  died,  in  1885,  but  his  widow  still 
survives. 

P.  J.  Mcl'herson  is  the  eldest  of  six  children, 
who  readied  the  age  of  maturity,  lie  was  edu- 
cated ill  Oregon  and  continued  to  reside  with 
his  parents, eiiffagod  in  farming  until  1872,  when 
he  was  married  to  Catherine  Landis,  of  Iowa, 
and  daughter  of  Ahrain  Landis,  pioneer  of 
1853.  After  marriage  Mr.  and  ^[rs.  SlcPherson 
settled  upon  his  farm  and  remained  there  until 
1885,  when  he  removed  to  Eugene,  and  bought 
town  property,  building  his  present  home  on 
Thirteenth  street,  between  Patterson  and  Ferry. 
As  Assessor  of  Lane  (  ounty  Mr.  McPherson  has 
has  j)erfoiined  long  and  faithful  service.  lie 
was  first  elected  by  the  Democratic  party  in 
1878,  and  re-elected  in  1880  and  1882.  He 
t!'«n  retired  from  office  and  followed  the  grain- 
commission  and  warehouse-storage  business,  but 
he  was  again  elected  in  18!((),  and  is  now,  in  1892, 
a  nominee  of  the  Democratic  ))arty  for  the  same 
position.  His  continuous  recall  to  this  office  is 
the  best  recommendation  that  could  be  given 
him  by  the  people  as  to  his  ability,  integrity 
and  honest  discharge  of  duty.  lie  is  a  member 
of  1.  O.  O.  F. 


fl|OnKIlT  W.  MoNUTT,  an  enterprising 
flsi  merchant  of  Cornelius,  Oregon,  can  safely 
'i'ijjjj  bc!  styled  a  self-made  man.  His  parents, 
\V  iiiiain  II.  and  Ann  A.  (Pattoii)  McXutt.  were 
natives  of  Nova  Scotia,  the  former  born  in 
1802.  In  1847  they  moved  to  Illinois,  in 
lf^57  to  Minnesota,  and  in  1809  to  Oregon. 
They  settled  in  Washington  county  and  iiere 
passed  the  rest  of  their  lives,  the  mother  dying 
in  1879,  and  the  father  in  1881.  They  were 
Missionary  Baptists,  and  their  lives  were  char- 
acterized oy  simplicity,  frugality  and  honesty 
and  uprightness.  Few  of  the  pioneers  of 
Washington  county  were  more  highly  respected 
than  they.  Five  of  their  children  survive  them: 
Robert  W.  being  the  youngest. 


Mr.  McNutt  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  April 
28,  1840,  and  wa.-<  two  years  old  when  his  par- 
ents moved  to  Illinois.  Eleven  years  later  he 
went  with  them  to  Minnesota,  and  in  that  State 
grew  to  manhood  and  learned  civil  engineering. 
August  19,  181)2,  during  the  country's  great 
need  for  soldiers,  he  volunteered  his  services, 
and  was  mustered  into  Cotnyiany  E,  Xintli  Min- 
nesota Volunteer  Infantry,  being  in  the  Western 
Department,  and  on  patrol  duty  nearly  all  the 
time  till  the  close  of  tlio  war.  After  thi<  war  he 
returned  to  Minnesota,  and  for  two  years  was 
engaged  in  farming  there.  In  18(57  he  came  to 
Oregon,  and,  after  remaining  a  year  in  Inde- 
pendence, Polk  county,  came  to  Washington 
county  and  to()k  a  homestead  three  miles  north- 
west of  Forest  (irove.  During  the  building  of 
the  West  Side  railroad  he  worked  on  it,  and  while 
thus  employed  bi'came  ac([uainted  with  a  Port- 
land gentleman,  who  offered  to  trust  him  for  all 
the  goods  he  wanted  if  he  wished  to  engage  in 
merchandising.  He  accepted  the  offer,  bought 
$750  worth  of  goods  on  time,  started  out  with 
a  peddling  wagon,  and  traveled  pU  over  the 
county,  meeting  with  success  and  becoming  well 
acquainted  with  the  peo[)le.  Shortly  afterward 
he  started  a  store  at  Cornelius,  where  he  also 
was  successful,  and  in  1887  he  eatablished  a 
branch  store  in  the  Chehalein  valley.  I'oth  of 
these  htores  he  still  conducts,  lie  is  the  founder 
of  the  town  of  Vernoni,  in  Columbia  county, 
and  is  the  owner  of  the  stage  line  between  it  and 
Cornelius.  His  marked  success  is  ample  evi- 
dence of  his  business  ability,  and  the  high  esteem 
in  which  he  is  held  by  the  people  of  this  county, 
with  whom  he  has  had  dealings,  is  stnuigest 
proof  of  his  integrity. 

Jlr.  McNutt  was  married,  in  1857,  to  Miss 
Martha  J.  Foster,  a  native  of  Maine,  who  died 
October  11,  1890,  after  more  than  thirty  years 
of  happy  married  life.  They  had  si.f  children, 
three  of  whom  are  living:  Elmer  S.,  Ulysses 
and  Carroll,  all  engaged  in  biisiiu^ss  with  their 
father.  Mr.  McNiitt  is  a  Knight  of  Pythias 
and  iV  member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  His 
wife  was  also  a  devoted  member  of  that  church. 

fAMES  E.  MILLER,  one  of  the  leading  and 
iiiHuential  citizens  of  Pendlo  ton,  Oregon, 
was  born  in  Fayette  county,  Indiana, 
.laniiarv  4,  1853.  llis  parents,  .laiiies  and 
Eliza  (Campbell)  Miller,  natives  of  Peiinsylvu- 


■■PPaMPi 


-^■. i-5,inijam»M. 


1182 


UISTOUr    OF    OUEGON. 


vmnoved    to    Indi! 


wli 


\ : 


nia,  vmnoved  to  IndidtiM  \vIm;ii  yoiiiif^.  Tlicy 
were  liotli  rearod  iiikI  iniirried  in  the  latter  Stiitc. 
After  mairiaire  tliey  remained  in  Indiana,  en- 
f^iiged  in  farniinij;  until  -'So7,  when  tliey  re- 
moved to  Minnesota,  Louifht  a  farm,  where  the 
fatlier  still  resides.  His  wife  dieil  in  1888.  Mr. 
Miller  is  ,-till  an  old  man  as  he  was  horn  in  18"20. 
Jlis  hrother,  .John  L.  Miller,  is  a  distin|^iiished 
lawyer  and  note<l  politician  of  Indiana.  He  ran 
for  Congress  on  the  (Jreenback  ticket,  in  1878, 
ancl  was  the  first  meniher  of  that  party.  This 
gentleman  was  Captain  in  tlie  Eleventh  Indi- 
ana Zouave  Regiment  iiiider  Colonel  Lew  Wal- 
lace, afterward  General  Wallace. 

The  suliject  of  this  sketch  was  the  fourth 
child  in  a  family  of  ten  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  now  livinj.;.  He  was  reared  on  the  farm  and 
received  his  education  in  the  public  echool, 
learninff  all  these  offered.  After  he  reached 
man's  estate.  .Mr.  Miller  chose  the  ])rofe8sion  of 
law  for  his  ealline;,  and  beiran  the  study  of  that 
science  under  Waite  Freeman.  During  the  en- 
tire time  Mr.  Miller  was  pursuini^  his  studies 
he  was  obliged  to  manage  the  farm,  so  labored 
under  many  di^advantaifes.  Xotwithstandinii 
all  discouragements  .Nfr.  Miller  was  admitted  to 
practice  his  profession  May  17,  1882,  and  in  the 
following  spring  came  to  Oregon,  settling  in 
Pendleton,  where  he  opened  an  office.  Since 
his  arrival  in  the  city,  Mr.  Miller  has  taken 
quite  an  interest  in  the  political  aifuirs  of  the 
town  and  county.  He  was  a  memlx'r  of  the 
State  Central  Committee  at  the  time  of  the 
voting  upon  the  prouiliition  amendment  in  the 
State  Legislature.  Umatilla  county  was  sup- 
posed to  go  500  majority  against  the  amend- 
ment, but  owing  to  the  management  of  Mr. 
Millei',  the  amendment  was  carried  by  250  ma- 
jority. 

Ai)out  this  time  Mr.  Miller  became  ac(|uiiiuted 
with  the  charming  young  widow,  Mrs.  Dora 
McHutchen,  iiee  Cherry,  a  native  of  Missouri, 
and  March  'i,  1889  they  were  mari'ied.  Mrs. 
Miller  had  three  children  by  her  first  marriage, 
namely:  Klizabeth,  Fred  ami  JS'ellie.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  .Sliller  have  two  children,  namely:  Dora 
and  La  \"erd. 

Mr.  Miller  has  always  had  to  labor  under  a 
disadvantage,  as  he  was  oi)liited  to  aid  his  father 
in  paying  oft' an  indelitedness.  He  proved  him- 
selt  a  good  son,  as  he  never  left  his  childhood 
home  until  his  father  owned  his  farm  ami  was 
entirely  free  from  all  incumbrances.  Siiu'C  his 
arrival    in   Oregon    Mr.    Miller    has   jiurcliase'l 


himself  a  little  home  and  is  now  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  a  snug,  little  fortune.  His  business  is 
rapiilly  increasing;  and,  although  so  young  a  man, 
is  well  versed  in  his  profession,  ilr,  Miller 
gi\es  promise  (jf  bec^oming  one  of  the  shining 
lights  (d'tlie  legal  profession.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican from  conviction,  and  upholds  the  princi- 
ples of  that  party  because  he  believes  that  the 
platform  of  that  organization  is  best  suited  to 
the  needs  of  the  party.  Air.  Miller  has  never 
sought  or  held  political  office,  the  cares  of  his 
large  practice  forbidding,  but  there  is  no  doubt 
but  that  so  poiiular  a  gentleman  could  be  elected 
to  most  any  oftice  within  the  gift  of  the  people, 
if  lU'  would  care  to  accept. 


ILLIAM  MILLKR.one  of  Oregon's  pio- 
neers and  a  |»r(uninent  and  successful 
agriculturist  of  Marion  county,  came  to 
the  State  in  1841).  He  is  descendeil  from  one 
of  the  old  dans  of  the  Highlands  in  Scotland, 
Malcoin  Aliller,  a  renowned  Highland  chieftain 
being  one  of  his  ancestors.  His  parents,  An- 
drew and  Isabelle  (Spear)  Miller,  were  also  na- 
tives of  Scotland;  they  had  a  family  of  nine 
children,  oidy  two  of  whom  survive,  the  young- 
est daughter  and  William  the  subject  of  this 
biograj)hical  notice.  He  was  born  in  Lamirk- 
shire,  Scotland,  .Inly  20,  1815,  and  wdien  he 
grew  to  man's  estate  he  engaged  in  coal  and 
iron  mining.  At  the  age  of  twenty-seven  years 
he  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  arriving  in 
the  port  of  New  York,  May  28,  1842.  Ho 
went  to  Pennsylvania,  and  there  engaged  in 
mining  for  coal,  but  remained  only  a  short  time; 
from  this  point  ho  went  to  Shelby  county,  Illi- 
nois, where  he  ha<l  some  mining  and  farming 
interests.  After  about  five  years  spent  in  Illi- 
nois, March  20,  184(i.  he  started  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  making  the  journey  with  ox 
teams.  They  encountcre<l  a  tribe  of  Indians, 
1,500  strong,  who  demanded  presents,  saying 
that  the  great  White  Chief  (meaning  Fremont), 
had  told  them  that  trains  passing  througli  should 
give  them  gifts;  the  travelers  readily  consented 
to  this.  That  night  the  chiefs  and  braves  came 
to  the  camp,  receiving  tlour  a  id  jjrovisions  and. 
a  sujiper;  they  assured  the  emigrants  that  they 
need  not  guard  their  slock  that  night  and  on 
the  following  morning,  after  jtartaking  of  break- 
fast, the  Indians  assisted  in  breaking  cnmj),  and 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


11  (i3 


enpy- 
iiiess  is 
\\i,  a  mail, 
•,  .Miller 
sliiniiii^ 
1  Rcpul)- 
'  priiici- 
that  tho 
suited  to 
as  never 
of  liis 
no  doubt 
>e  elected 
people, 


allowed  the  jmii'iiey  to  lie  resumed.  Wlii'ii  J\Ir. 
Miller  arrived  in  the  Willamette  valley  he  set- 
tled upon  a  Government  donation  of  land,  the 
tract  consisting  of  (i40  acres,  and  built  a  resi- 
dence there.  When  the  Caynse  war  broke  out, 
he  was  one  of  the  first  to  offer  his  service  to 
(piell  the  I'cvolt,  and  was  one  of  theeeventy  men 
who  volunteered  to  "jo  to  the  rescue  of  "Walker 
and  Meal  when  they  and  their  families  were  in 
danger  of  beinir  murdered. 

Longhead,  a  chief  who  hail  not  engaged  in  the 
war,  gave  as  his  reason  in  a  8])cech,  that  he  had 
been  informed  that  there  was  no  end  to  the 
guns  and  ammunition  owned  by  the  I'ostons,  and 
that  they  were  thick  as  grass  on  the  prairie; 
they  would,  therefore,  come  by  legions  and  ovei'- 
power  and  destroy  the  Indians. 

]\[r.  Miller  went  to  California,  in  the  fall  of 
1848,  accompanied  by  his  partner,  Mr.  lilevins, 
the  agreement  being  that  they  woidd  take  care 
of  each  other  at  all  hazards;  they  mined  on  the 
Mokelumne  and  Stanislaus,  and  were  very  suc- 
cessful. ^[r.  Hlevins,  however,  fell  sick,  and  it 
was  decided  that  they  should  return  to  the  East; 
this  they  did,  coming  by  the  Isthmus.  Mr. 
^Miller's  family  were  in  Illinois,  and  in  185(1  lit^ 
came  back  to  Oregon,  accompanied  by  them  and 
a  party  of  thirty-five;  he  purchased  the  outfit, 
and  was  to  receive  8100  each  from  the  men,  but 
upon  his  arrival  here  he  would  accept  nothing 
from  them.  On  the  journey  a  daughter  was  ad- 
de(l  to  his  houshhold,  who  was  name<l  Caroline; 
one  of  the  children,  Andrew,  was  born  before 
leaving  Scotland;  and  Jane  in  Schuyler  county, 
Illinois,  February  IH,  1845;  and  in  Oregon  there 
were  added  to  the  family  five  children;  of  all 
these,  only  Jane  survives;  she  is  the  wife  of 
P'rank  Kellogg. 

I'rosjierity  has  attended  Mr.  Miller,  and  he  is 
the  owner  of  1,070  acrces  of  land  and  a  pleas- 
ant dwelling  in  Salem.  For  some  years  he  has 
heen  engaged  in  raising  sheep,  horses  and  cattle, 
but  more  recently  has  devoted  his  attention  to 
the  cultivation  of  wheat,  oats  and  hay.  lie  has 
produeeod  forty-four  bushels  to  the  acre,  hut 
latterly  twenty-seven  bushels  have  been  an  av- 
erage crop.  In  1891  he  rea|)ed  from  960  acres 
a  crop  of  10,000  bushels  of  wheat  and  oats,  and 
sixty  tons  of  hay.  Our  worthy  subject  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  order  since  1840.  He 
and  his  wife  are  members  of  tlie  Presbyterian 
Cliurcl).  During  the  war  he  stood  tirmily  for 
th<!  I'nion,  but  he  affiliates  with  the  Democratic 
,  1  'ty. 


II  is  marriage  occurred  in  Scotland,  March  28, 
1837,  when  lie  was  united  to  Miss  .lane  Mc- 
Donald; they  crossed  the  sea  together,  and 
traveled  the  plains  side  by  side,  and  I'or  tifty- 
four  years  have  been  true  and  tried  com])anion8. 
They  are  now  spending  their  declining  days  in 
the  enjoyment  of  peace  and  plenty,  having  made 
a  name  honored  Mlierever  it  is  known. 


■9—i-^^ti^- 


?J.  MORGAN,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
of  the  illustrious  developers  of  the  great 
*  commonwealth  of  Oregon,  was  born  in 
tlie  State  of  Missouri,  on  November  8,  1851. 
His  father,  Charles  11.  Morgan,  was  bom  in 
Illinois,  and  his  givindfather  was  a  Kentucky 
pioneer.  His  father  married  Miss  Jane  Gates, 
a  native  of  Illinois,  and  they  had  eight  children, 
two  of  whom  died  in  their  infancy;  six  children 
are  now  living.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  was 
reared  in  Missouri,  where  he  lived  until  lie  was 
thirteen  years  of  age,  Mhen,  in  1804,  his  father 
and  family  all  crossed  the  sandy  deeert  to  ( >re- 
gon,  settling  in  Yam  Hill  county,  where  they 
lived  for  two  years,  after  which  they  removed 
to  Wasliington  county,  where  they  lived  until 
their  ileatli;  the  mother  died  in  1873,  the  father 
survived  the  mother  twelve  years,  dying  in  A. 
D.  1885.  They  were  both  consistent  members 
of  the  Christian  Church,  and  enjoyed  the  esteem 
of  all  who  knew  them.  Mr.  J.J.  Morgan  was 
married  in  1873.  to  Miss  EminaE.  Humphreys, 
a  native  of  Washington  county,  and  a  daughter 
of  Judge  T.  D.  Humphreys,  an  honored  pioneer 
and  ex-Judge  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Morgan  was  principally  educated  in 
Washington  county,  and  began  to  manage  fo. 
himself  with  a  rented  farm  near  Hillsboro.  ile 
was  later  engaged  in  the  warehouse  business, 
and  also  in  sawtnilling  at  Hillsboro,  for  about 
twelve  years.  At  this  time  he  turned  his  at- 
tention to  the  real-estate  business,  investing  and 
dealing  on  his  own  account.  He  first  purchased 
two  half-sections  of  land,  five  miles  north  of 
Hillsboro,  for  which  he  paid  §14,000,  which  he 
held  for  two  years,  receiving  for  it  then  the 
amount  of  $2(),000.  lie  lias  since  then  invested 
in  other  farm  property  in  Hillsboro  and  other 
places.  He  has  also  been  largely  interested  ir, 
the  building  up  of  the  city  of  Hillsboro,  having 
built  a  number  of  residences,  warehouses  and 
business  houses.     He,  in  parUiership  with  Dr, 


Il<i4 


Hisronr  of  oregon. 


II! 


I'ailey,  lius  built  tlio  finest  i)l()cl<  in  tlie  county, 
on  tilt'  corner  of  Sfcond  .and  Main  streets,  llills- 
l)oro,  wiiicli  is  a  brick  block  of  50x123  feet, 
two  stoi'iea  liigli,  with  a  f^alvanized  cornice, 
which  is  a  credit  alike  to  the  city  and  the  build- 
ers, ^[r.  Moritan,  as  ni!\na<rer  for  others,  has 
invested  in  lari^e  tracts  of  land  immediately 
around  and  surrounding  the  city  of  Ilillsboro, 
which  they  have  subdivided  and  put  on  the 
market,  lie  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Iluffhes, 
Morjj;an  it  Rogers,  the  larirest  deali'rs  in  ii;en- 
eral  merchandise  in  the  county,  and  is  also  a 
stockholder  in  the  Ilillsboro  Co-operative  Com- 
pany, who  liave  built  a  store  and  stocked  it  with 
hardware,  with  which  they  are  doing  a  large 
business.  He  is  also  a  stockholder  in  the  Ilills- 
boro I'ublishing  Company,  as  well  as  of  the 
First  Mational  Bank  of  Ilillsboro,  of  which  lat- 
ter institution  he  is  vice  president.  He  is  very 
enterprising  and  eminently  successful,  and  has 
been  instrumental  in  aiding  the  material  and 
moral  growth  and  welfare  of  his  favorite  city. 

When  a  projxisition  was  before  the  town  of 
Ilillsboro  for  a  $15,00(1  8ul)sidy  for  the  .Vstoria 
&  South  Coast  railroad,  Mr.  Alorgun  was  one 
of  three  men  who  subscribed  !^1,000  each  to  Imve 
the  road  run  to  Ilillsboro,  one-fifteenth  of  the 
whole  amount  amount  asked.  A  man  witli  a 
public  spirit  like  this  will  make  things  move, 
and  build  up  towns  and  counti'y. 

They  have  had  throe  children,  of  whom  two 
died,  James  Klwootl  and  Clarence.  The  sur- 
viving child  is  named  Ethel. 

Mr.  Morgan  is  an  indejiendent  Ilepublicaii  in 
politics.  He  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  of 
which  he  is  a  respectiMl  member.  He,  like  his 
j)arents,  has  for  years  been  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  to  the  support  of  which  hs 
has  liberally  contributed. 

Honoralile  in  his  dealings  and  cordial  in  his 
business  and  social  relations,  he  has  won  tlic 
esteem  of  a  large  circle  of  acquaintances  and 
friends. 

fAMFS  W.  MORGAN,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent business  men  of  Ilillsboro,  is  a  native 
of  Missouri,  born  November  4,  lHo8.  He 
is  the  son  of  Charles  R.  Morgan,  also  a  native  of 
Missouri.  Mr.  Morgar'  came  with  his  family  to 
Oregon  in  I8f)f.  He  was  then  in  his  si.xth  year. 
They  first  resided  in  Vani  Hill  county  a  ycai',  and 
then  went  to  Washington  county,  where  he  was 


raised  and  r(>ceived  his  education  in  the  public 
schools.  When  ho  became  of  age  he  received  the 
appointinentof  Deputy  County  Clerk,  and  served 
under  A.  Lewelling,  A.  W.  Lewelling  and  .John 
Steot.  During  those  years  ho  became  an  ex- 
pert in  the  business  of  a  clerk,  and  in  1844  he 
was  renominated  for  the  place  by  the  Republi- 
can ])arty,  and  was  elected.  After  serving  for 
two  years  he  was  renominated  and  re-elected, 
and  served  his  second  term,  which  was  as  long 
as  he  could  serve,  there  being  a  rule  to  that 
effect.  Mr.  Moriran's  service  in  the  office  was 
highly  satisfactory,  and  through  it  he  has  become 
widely  and  favorably  known  to  all  the  citizens 
of  his  county.  After  the  close  of  his  term  of 
office,  he  engaged  in  general  mercantile  busi- 
ness in  Ilillsboro,  under  the  firm  of  Hughes, 
Morgan  ife  IJogers.  They  do  a  large  retail  gen- 
eral II,  rcantile  busint-ss,  and  all  of  the  young 
menbeingeiiterprising  business  men, and  as  they 
always  follow  honest  methods  in  their  dealings 
with  their  customers,  they  have  a  great  portion 
of  the  trade  that  naturally  belongs  to  Ilillsboro 
from  Washington  county. 

Mr.  Morgan  was  married  in  November,  1886, 
to  Miss  Susan  ISrown,  of  Oregon,  the  daughter 
of  William  and  Susan  I'rown,  worthy  pioneers 
of  Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morgan  have  one 
son,  Fdwin.  They  live  in  a  nice  house  in  the 
city  of  Ilillsboro. 

Mr.  Alorgan  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  has  twice  been  elected  and  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  tlie  ('ity  (!ouncil.  He  intCi 'sts  himself 
in  everything  that  is  likely  to  aid  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  city  and  county. 

SRANlv  M.  Ml'LKEY,  an  esteemed  native 
son  of  I'orthuid,  Oregon,  and  a  prtunising 
young  member  of  tlu;  bar  of  the  metropolis, 
was  born  August  4,  1800. 

His  father,  Marion  Francis  Mulkey,  was  born 
in  Johnson  county,  Missouri,  November  14, 
lSi3l),  and  was  the  son  of  Johnson  Mulkey,  who 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  with  his  family, 
in  1840.  He  located  on  a  donation  claim  in 
lienton  county,  where  his  son,  Marion,  spent 
his  boyhood,  ol)taining  his  primary  education  in 
the  customary  log  schoolhouse  of  the  pioneer. 
Later  he  attended  the  college  at  Forest  Grove, 
which  was  then  under  the  able  guidance  of  thu 
late  Dr.  S.  II.  Marsh.    While  he  was  yet  a  stu- 


BISTOHV    OP    OUECON. 


lie,-) 


dctit  tlie  lucliiin  wnr  of  1850  bnikc  out,  ami  he 
iiiiiiu'iliatoly  joiiUMl  the  ariiiy,  eerviiig  until  the 
IndiauB  were  subdued  and  peace,  declared. 

In  1858  he  entered  Yale  (blleire,  at  whieli 
institution  he  graduated  in  1802.  lie  then  re- 
turned to  Portland,  Oregon,  where  he  coni- 
niencod  the  study  of  law  under  the  tuition  of 
Judge  E.  I).  Shattuck.  While  thus  ciujiloyed 
he  acted,  during  1863,  as  I'rovost-Marshal,  aid- 
ing in  the  enrolltnent  of  tliat  year.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  was  admitted  to  the  liar,  and  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Hill  ife  Mulkey,  of  which  the  senior  partner  was 
W.  Lair  Hill.  Mr.  Mulkey  was  so  thoroughly 
equipped  for  the  practice  of  law,  tor  which  he 
had  such  marked  ability,  that,  in  1800,  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Fourth 
Judicial  District,  and  the  following  year  repre- 
sented the  Third  Ward  in  the  City  Council.  In 
187:i  he  was  elected  City  Attorney  of  I'ortland, 
and  the  next  year  w'as  re-elected  to  the  same 
jjosition.  On  retiring  from  office  he  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  the  Hon.  J.  F.  Caples,  and 
during  his  partner's  three  successive  terms  of 
service  as  District  Attorney,  Mr.  Mulkey  served 
as  Deputy. 

Thus  his  business  increased  with  his  growing 
reputation  until  he  found  his  time  most  profit- 
ably employed.  In  the  midst  of  his  multiform 
duties  he  found  time  to  make  many  valuable  in- 
vestments in  real  estate  in  his  favorite  city,  all 
of  which  he  improved  by  thi'  erection  of  sub- 
stantial buildings  thereon,  thus  enhancing  the 
value  of  his  own  property,  besides  benefiting 
that  of  others,  and  at  the  same  time  building  up 
and  beautifying  the  metropolis.  Among  others 
may  be  mentioned  tlu'  Mulkey  lilock,  a  substan- 
tial business  pile  of  100  feet  sijuare,  three  stories 
high,  with  a  basement,  located  on  the  corner  of 
Second  and  Morrison  streets,  which  is  a  monii- 
nient  to  his  enterjirise  and  business  ability. 

In  politics,  he  was  a  Republican,  and  a  worthy 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

He  was  married,  in  1803,  to  Miss  Mary  E. 
Porter,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticnt,  belonging 
to  a  highly  respected  family  of  the  city  of  l""lms. 
By  this  marriage  there  were  two  sons:  Frank 
M.,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch,  who  is  now 
his  father's  representative;  and  Fred,  now  in 
college.     The  mother  resides  in  I'ortland. 

The  father's  death  occurred  on  P'ebrnary  25, 

1880,  when  lie  was  at  the  height  of  his  success 

and   usefulness.      It  was  most   unexpected,  and 

lilled   the  community  with   sadness.     His  life 

78 


high  minded  and  jjublic-spirited  citizen. 

His   son,  whose  name  lieiids  our  sketch,  was 


was  one  of  unswerving  integrity  and  exidlecl 
honor,  and  the  public  press  vied  with  the  bar, 
of  which  latter  institution  he  was  so  long  an 
csteenuid  membei-,  in  expressing  in  feeling 
terms,  their  deep  sense  of  the  irretrievable  loss 
suffered  by  the  community  in  the  death  of  this 

d  ])Mblic-spi 

)se   name   h( 

educated  in  the  Oregon  I'niversity,  at  wliicl'  he 
graduated  in  1889.  He  then  studied  law  with 
.ludge  (-aples,  of  Portland,  aii<l  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  June,  1801,  and  now  has  charge  of 
his  father's  business.  He  also  bids  fair  to  fol- 
low in  the  footsteps  of  that  illustrious  man. 
whose  mi'mory  he  cherishes  as  that  of  a  person 
deserving  of  the  deepest  veneration. 


lU.  WILLIAM  KDWAllD  MOU.VNM).  a 
distinguished  botanic,  physician  of  Port- 
land, Oregon,  was  born  in  Illinois.  No- 
vember 22,  1850.  His  |)areiits  were  Dr.  M.  C. 
Morand,  and  Dr.  Mary  C.  E.  Morand:  the  latter 
afterwartl  became  the  wife  of  Dr.  George 
Kellogg,  a  celebrated  pioneer  of  Oregon, 
and  the  discoverer  and  owner  of  Kellogg's 
botaidc  remedies.  Under  the  in.struction  of 
this  worthy  gentleman,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  studied  .ledicine,  ami  afterward  practiced 
with  Dr.  Kellogg,  ami,  at  the  time  of  Dr.  Kel- 
logg's death,  was  a  ])artner  in  the  manufacture 
and  sale  of  that  gentleman's  medicines. 

Dr.  Kellogg  was  born  April  0,  18U,  comiii,^ 
to  Oregon  in  1851.  He  was  talented  and  able, 
and  jiroduced  several  valuable  .nedicincH.  which 
it  was  his  desire  should  be  continued  to  be 
manufactured  for  the  alleviation  of  the  suHer- 
ingof  humanity.  Ho  died  \pril  28,  1880,  and 
his  widow  and  her  son  are  contiiuiing  his  busi- 
ness. The  following  is  a  list  of  the  medicines 
which  they  manufacture:  Balsam  of  Life, 
Family  ],in"iinent.  Compound  Cathartic  Hitters, 
Golden  Liniment  for  Catarrh,  (iolden  Urinary 
Specific.  Lung  Haleaiii  and  Cough  Drops.  These 
meilieines  are  sold  in  drug  stores  on  commis- 
sion, throughont  the  entire  coast  country,  and 
have  been  found  to  be   valuable  remedies. 

Mrs.  Kellogg,  the  talented  mother  of  the  snb- 
y.'ct  of  our  sketch,  was  liorn  in  Illinois,  and  wk; 
educated  at  the  lacksonville  Seminary,  of  which 
Dr.  Jmiues  was  president.  He  was  a  student 
of  both  allopathy    and    hydropathy,  and    nft(ir 


'  !' 


ifl 


1168 


n  I  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


Btiidyiiiff  ini'diciiie  under  liis  iiistriiction,  she 
aftcrwanl  took  a  course  with  Dr.  1*.  W.  Sliiistid, 
of  I'lltstielil,  IlliiKiis.  At  tlie  (ii;c  of  >('veiitcen, 
slie  inirried  Dr.  M.  CMoriind.  Tliey  had  two 
son,«,  the  siilijec-t  of  our  sketcli  and  Khner  K. 
Moriind,  who  is  now  a  coinniiesion  inordiant  of 
I'oi'thiiid.  Ill  1874,  the  mother  came  to  Orcifoii 
to  prolong  licr  life,  and  ti^  ■  ytiars  later  hecame 
till' wife  of  Dr.  (leorgc  ivellogg,  from  whom 
she  had  received  niHterial  aid  fur  con8nni|)tion. 
With  iiiin  she  began  the  study  of  his  system  of 
medieiiu",  and  became  eonviiiced  of  its  value, 
and  has  adopted  it  in  her  practice.  Siie  engaged 
with  him  in  the  manufacture  of  liis  medicines, 
which  she  now  continues  with  her  eon. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  Illi- 
nois and  in  Iowa.  In  IS'U,  his  father  enlisted 
ill  the  I'liion  army,  in  which  lie  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  in  which  he  was  wounded 
and  rendered  blind.  Our  subject  read  medicine 
in  Carlton,  Missouri,  with  Dr.  Atkinson.  From 
there,  he  moved  to  Kansas,  and,  in  1877,  came 
to  Portland,  where  he  continued  his  studies  witli 
Dr.  Kellogf^,  and,  as  before  stated,  commenced 
his  jiractice  with  that  gentleman,  and  is  now 
associated  with  his  mother  in  the  manufacture 
and  sale  of  medicines,  besides  continuing  his 
practice. 

Dr.  Morand  has  investeil  considerably  in 
property,  both  mining  and  farming,  both  of 
which  liavc  proved  valuable. 

I'olitically,  he  has  always  affiliated  with  the 
Republican  party,  its  principles  being  more 
nearly  in   conformity  with  his  sentiments. 

The  Doctor  labors  under  the  disadvantage  of 
being  overshadowed  by  the  talent  of  an  unusu- 
ally gifted  father  and  mother.  As  it  is,  how- 
ever, he  thrives  remarkably  well,  and  iinrsuesliis 
way  ([uietly  and  successfully,  followed  by  the 
good  wishes  of  his  fellow-men. 


fA.MKS  M.  AfARTIN,  one  of  the  most  enter- 
prising and  progressive  business  men  of 
8alein,  is  a  native  of  Lawrence  countv.  I'enn- 
sylvania,  born  August  4,  183(i.  The  early  an- 
cestors of  the  family  were  Scotch;  they  emi- 
grated from  their  own  land  to  Ireland,  anil  there 
Joseph  Martin,  the  father  of  James  M.,  was 
born.  He  married  Aliss  .fane  (troves,  and  tliey 
crossed  the  sea  to  the  New  World,  settling  in 
the  State  of  Illinois.     They  ha4  born  to  thpni 


seven  children.  W.  W.  and  James  M.  'being 
the  only  surviving  members  of  the  family.  The 
father  died  in  1888.  He  was  a  man  of  high 
and  honorable  jirinciples,  and  merited  the  re- 
spect lie  freely  received.  James  M.  Martin  was 
reared  in  Illinois,  but  returned  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  hi'  finished  a  collegiate  education.  He 
afterward  returned  to  Illinois,  anil  was  engaged 
in  the  grain  and  shipping  business  with  his 
father  at  (ialena,  where  he  remained  until  he 
came  to  the  Pacific  coast,  in  iSti^.  He  crossed 
the  plains,  and  came  direct  to  Salem,  driving  a 
mule  team  from  Omaha;  the  journey  was  ac- 
complished from  the  last  of  April  to  September 
17;  the  party  was  attacked  by  the  Indians,  and 
although  they  escaped  uninjured,  the  train  iin- 
mi'diately  following  was  almost  annihilated  by 
the  savages. 

Afr.  Martin's  first  occupation  in  Oregon  was 
teaching  school,  and  he  was  afterward  engaged 
ill  clerking  for  two  years.  He  then  went  to  the 
mines  in  Idaho,  where  he  met  with  fair  success 
during  the  sunimerof  1865.  He  ecld  his  claim, 
returned  to  Salem,  and  embarked  in  (he  grocery 
trade  in  partnership  with  David  Allen,  now  of 
Seattle.  The  firm  of  Martin  ^:  Allen  did  a 
prosperous  business  for  twenty-five  years,  and 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  reliable  estab- 
lisliments  in  the  city.  In  the  fall  of  1885  they 
closed  out  the  business. 

On  tlie  22d  day  of  February,  1871,  the  City 
Water- WorksConipany  was  organized  and  incor- 
porated: W.  F.  Patlihy,  president;  David  Allen, 
secretary;  II.  Stapleton  and  J.  M.  Martin,  di- 
rectors. In  188.")  Mr.  Martin  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  coni])any,  and  has  also  filled  the  office 
of  secretary,  having  the  exclusive  management 
of  the  business.  It  has  grown  in  importance, 
and  has  come  to  be  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most  profitable  enterprises  of  the  city.  Mr. 
Martin  was  prominently  connected  with  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Salem, 
in  18()9,  and  has  since  been  one  of  the  oftiolul 
members  of  the  society. 

He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  186(5,  to  Miss 
Cynthia  C.  Kobinson,  a  native  of  Tennessee, 
and  of  this  union  two  children  have  been  born, 
only  one  of  mIioih  survives,  Maud  .\.,  now  at- 
tending school.  Mrs.  Martin  died  efuly  14, 
1877,  and  Mr.  Martin's  second  marriage  occurred 
November  14, 1884,  when  lie  was  united  to  Miss 
Miranda  Tillotson,  a  native  of  New  ^'ork.  He 
owns  a  handsome  residence  on  the  corner  of 
Court  and  Twelfth  streets. 


I 


in  STORY    OF    UUKOON. 


11U7 


I'olitically,  lie  affiliates  with  the  Ue|Hiblipan 
party;  altlioiigli  his  connection  with  the  water- 
works preeluiles  the  possihility  of  his  holding 
otHce  in  tin-  city,  he  takes  a  dee[)  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  government,  and  is  ever  ready  to  lend 
liis  support  to  those  movements  which  tend  to 
benefit  the  masses.  It  was  Mr.  Martin's  good 
fortnne  to  have  the  honor  of  a  personal  acquaint- 
ance with  (reneral  Grant,  when  a  citizen  of  Ga- 
lena, Illinois. 


JUS.  fl()up:n('I':  hrown  martin, 

the  alile  and  popular  vice-principal  of 
the  Failing  School,  Portland,  Oregon,  is 
a  native  of  Ohio,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Mr.  David 
Brown,  a  prosperous  and  highly  respected  farmer 
of  the  Buckeye  State.  The  family  originatcil 
in  Scotland,  and  were  early  settlers  of  Virginia, 
where  various  memhers  resided  for  many  years. 
The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  married 
Miss  Fanny  I'age,  a  native  of  New  York,  who 
was  of  Puritan  ancestry,  and  inherited  the  zeal- 
ous traits  and  religious  traditions  of  that  sect. 
Their  iiome  was  in  Delaware  county,  Ohio. 
They  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  now 
living,  the  subject  of  our  sketch  being  the  sixth 
in  order  of  birth. 

She  was  educated  at  the  Wesleyan  Female 
College,  Delaware,  Ohio,  and  later  attended  the 
Iowa  State  College  four  years,  where  she  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  1878,  with  the  degree  of 
B.  S.  She  has  since  graduation  taken  a  course 
in  physical  training,  under  Dr.  Anderson  of 
Adelphi  Acadi^my,  New  York,  and  holds  a  di- 
ploma from  that  institution.  She  has  also  taken 
a  course  in  special  lines  of  literary  work  since 
graduation,  in  connection  with  the  school  of 
Liberal  Arts,  at  Chautauijua,  Xew  York,  having 
spent  some  of  her  summer  vacations  at  that 
poj)ular  educational  and  literary  retreat. 

She  served  for  some  time  as  princij)al  of  the 
Wheatland  Schools,  in  Clinton  county,  Iowa, 
after  which  she  served  in  the  same  capacity  in 
the  (Tarfield  School,  at  Ottumwa,  the  same  State. 
While  officiating  in  the  latter  position  she  was 
elected  principal  of  the  schools  of  Astoria.  Ore- 
gon, where  she  remained  for  five  years.  She 
was  at  that  time  elected  vice-principal  of  the 
Failing  School,  in  Portland,  in  which  capacity 
she  is  now  serving  her  fourth  year. 

She  has  made  teaching  her  life-work,  is  a 
thorough   scholar,  and   genuinely  in   love  with 


her  profession.  Her  nuiiiy  amiable  traits  of 
character  have  endeared  her  to  her  fellow-teach- 
ers and  pupils,  and  contributed  no  little  to  her 
eminent  success  in  her  chosen  calling. 

She  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church  of  Portland,  and,  as  becomes 
an  educated  American,  is  liberal  and  tolerant  in 
her  religious  views. 

In  this  time  of  political  domination,  the  West 
seems  determined  to  set  the  older  civilization  of 
the  East  an  example  of  freedom  from  such  en- 
tanglements, by  advancing  the  deserving  and 
giving  honor  to  whom  it  is  due.  She  is  an  en- 
thusiastic admirer  of  the  West,  and  glories  in 
the  great  and  promising  Held  of  educational 
work,  which  opens  to  those  who  bring  to  their 
work  devotion  and  the  spirit  of  progressive 
aggression. 

fW.  MASTERS,  of  IlillslHiro,  Oregon,  is  a 
native  of  Washington  county,  Oregon, 
*  born  on  his  father's  donation  claim,  two 
and  (jne-half  miles  east  of  Hillsboro,  on  the 
5th  of  March,  1845.  His  father  crossed  the 
jilains  in  the  year  1843,  in  the  first  overland 
wagon  team  that  came  to  the  Territory.  He  was 
a  native  of  Kentucky,  of  Scotch  and  Welsh  an- 
cestry, but  they  were  early  settlers  in  Kentucky, 
as  his  father  was  also  a  native  of  that  State. 
Mr.  Masters,  Sr.,  married  Miss  Sarah  Jane  .lenk- 
ins,  of  the  same  State.  They  had  five  children. 
The  marriage  took  ])lace  in  Missouri,  in  1842, 
and  the  following  spring  they  started  across  the 
plains  for  Oregon.  The  first  winter  was  spent 
in  the  Willamette  valley,  and  in  1847  they  took 
a  donation  claim  at  Reedville,  where  they  built  a 
cabin  and  began  pioneer  life.  The  discovery  of 
gold  in  184'.t  took  them  overland  to  California, 
with  the  oxen.  They  engaged  in  tavern  keep- 
ing at  Suttersville  until  the  fall  of  I80O.  Mr. 
blasters  had  only  mined  one  day,  but  had  made 
money  at  his  hotel  business.  They  returned  to 
Oregon  on  the  steamer  Aurora,  and  were  ship- 
wrecked at  Astoria.  They  were  taken  off  m 
boats.  They  then  returned  to  their  homestead, 
and  here  Mr.  Masters  resided  to  the  day  of  his 
death.  He  died  in  1856,  but  his  wife  still  sur- 
vives and  owns  the  property,  l^ater  she  mar- 
vied  Mr.  Mull,  and  they  have  had  three  children, 
and  all  are  living. 

J.  W.  Masters  was  educated  near  Farmington 
until  his  father's  dentil.     After  that  he  worke4 


1108 


HISTORY    OF    ORKnON. 


\ 


oil  tlio  tHi'iii  until  )iu  beuatiiu  nl'  ai{c,  and  tlion 
lie  purt'liased  280  iicivs  of  land  adjoining  and 
tioiin  after  Miarricij  Miss  Harris,  of  North  Vani 
Hill,  and  the  dangliter  oi'  Thomas  and  Ilnlda 
(Dawson)  Harris.  They  came  to  Orcffon  in 
18+!),  and  Ins  served  in  the  Vakinia  war.  He 
died  in  1857,  and  his  wife  died  in  18(18. 

Mr.  ami  Airs.  Masters  ri'sidt'(l  on  the  farm 
until  1888,  when  A[r.  Masters  sold  ont  and  re- 
moved to  llillsboro,  where  ho  pun-hased  thirty- 
five  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  town  and  hnilt 
a  tine  residence,  lie  resiiles  heri'  and  carries  on 
agricultural  jjursuits.  Mr.  Masters  is  a  li(^- 
puhlican.  ami  takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  att'airs 
of  his  State,  and  is  justly  proud  of  its  growth. 
He  is  a  good  citizen,  who  devotes  his  time  aiul 
attention  to  tlu'  good  of  his  State,  county  and 
town. 


^OiN.  JOHN  11.  MOOllES,  deceased,  came 
fM)  to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  during  the  re- 
h^  mainder  of  his  life,  was  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  history  of  the  State  and  tlie  city 
of  Sali'm.  Ho  was  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry, 
his  forefathers  emigrating  to  America  more 
than  acentui'y  ago.  llis  parents,  Colonel  Isaac 
K.  and  .Jane(.\lexa!ider)  Moores, reared  a  family 
of  seven  children,  of  whom  none  survive.  lie 
was  horn  at  Iluntsville,  Aiahama,  in  Lawrence 
county,  June  21,  1821;  when  he  was  three 
years  old  his  father  removed  to  Danville,  Illi- 
nois, and  there  he  grew  to  matn.ity.  lie  after- 
ward went  to  Henton,  Missouri,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  merchandising  for  several  years.  In 
1847  he  returned  to  Danville,  Illinois,  and  there 
was  married  to  Miss  Virginia  Lemon,  a  native 
of  Virginia,  and  a  daughter  of  John  and  Rachel 
JiCnion,  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  In  1851 
Mr.  Moores  disposed  of  his  property  in  Mis- 
souri and  returned  to  Illinois:  there  he  decided 
to  come  to  the  Pacific  coast  with  his  father; 
they  organized  a  company  in  1852,  and  in 
Alarch  of  that  year  they  started  on  the  long  and 
weary  journey  across  the  plains;  they  reached 
the  Dalles  late  in  the  autumn,  and  from  that 
jilace  made  their  way  down  the  Columliia  river 
to  I'ortlanii,  where  they  arrived  in  Novemher, 
1853.  In  February,  1858,  Mr.  Moores  came  tt) 
Salem,  and  embarked  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
which  he  continued  for  years;  later  in  life  ho 
made  large  investments  in  flouring  mills  and  in 
lumber  interests,  lli.s  death  occuf.'ed  December 
15,  1880. 


During  the  civil  war  he  stanchly  supjiortod 
the  I'nion,  rendering  eflicdent  service  to  the 
Sanitary  Commission.  For  several  years  during 
his  early  residence  in  Salem,  ho  was  Postmaster 
of  the  place,  and  for  a  long  |)eriod,  was  Treas- 
urer of  the  county;  ho  was  Oouncihnan,  and 
for  four  terms,  was  Mayor  of  the  city.  In 
1870  he  waselecteil  Seiuiturfrom  Marion  county, 
ami  was  re  elected  to  that  otHce,  the  duti  'V 
which  ho  performed  with  great  credit  to  hi  .f 
and  the  entire  satisfaction  of  a  Uepublica:  i  ii- 
stituency.  He  was  one  of  the  Commissioners 
who  secui'ed  for  the  State,  the  ground  now  oc- 
cupied by  the  State  Penitentiary  and  the  Insane 
Asylum.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Oregon  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  was  for 
many  years  its  Treasurer.  He  took  a  deep  in- 
terest in  public  and  private  educational  institu- 
tions, and  was  at  one  time  School  Director. 
For  nearly  a  (juarter  of  a  century  ho  -was  a 
member  and  officer  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees  of 
the  Fniversity.  During  his  latter  years  he 
was  in  ill  health,  and  the  last  public  act  of  his 
life  was  to  cast  his  suffrage  for  Garfield  and 
Arthur.  This  duty  done,  he  retired  to  his  home, 
and  did  not  leave  the  threshold  again  until 
borne  by  the  hands  of  his  brothers  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.  fraternity,  lie  was  a  truly  loyal  citizen, 
and  in  his  relationship  as  husband  and  parent, 
he  left  no  obligation  unfulfilled. 


¥^k^ 


PAVID  A.  OSHOIIN.— The  above  named 
gentleman,  wlio  is  the  popular  Sheriff  of 
ISenton  couTity,  is  the  son  of  John  M.  Os- 
born,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  whose  ancestors 
were  early  and  iiiiiuential  settlers  of  the  Key- 
stone State.  The  mother  of  our  subject  was 
also  born  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
family  removed  to  Uenton  county  in  1804. 

The  subject  of  this  brief  sketch  was  born  in 
Crawford  county.  Pennsylvania,  November  2, 
1850,  but  grew  to  manhood  and  received  his 
education  in  the  county,  which  he  now  serves 
as  Sheriff.  He  was  reared  to  farm  life  and  at- 
tended the  common  schools,  but  later  had  the 
opportunity  of  attending  the  State  Agricultural 
College,  of  Corvallia,  and  completed  his  col- 
legiate course  in  i878.  Ho  tlien  engaged  in 
stock-raising  for  several  years,  and  in  188t')  was 
appointed   Deputy  County  Sheriif,  under  Will- 


lUSTOUY    OF    OHEOON. 


iidd 


y  8ii|i|(orto(l 

vice    to   tlio 

years  during 

i   Post  master 

was   Treas- 

iciiinan,  and 

10   city.     In 

irioii  c'ouiity, 

11'  diiti       -f 

it  to  lii        .f 

iibiica;   i    ii- 

imiiiiesioiiers 

niiil  now  oc- 

d  tiie  Insane 

nders  of  tlio 

and  was  for 

k  a  deep  in- 

ional  institu- 

ool  Director. 

iry   lio  •was  a 

f  TrusteoB  of 

ter  years    he 

lie  act  of  liis 

Gariield  and 

I  to  his  home, 

:  again    until 

J  of  the  I.  (). 

loyal  citizen, 

d  and  parent, 


above  named 
liar  Sheriff  of 

John  M.  Os- 
lose  ancestors 

of  the  Key- 
'  subject  was 
mnia,  and  the 
in  1804. 

I  was  born  in 
November  2, 

received  his 
e   now   serves 

II  life  and  at- 
later  had  the 

)  Agricultural 
leted  his  col- 
jn  engaged  in 
J  in  188t)  was 
f,  un.ler  Will- 


iam MacKiiy,  and  to  continued  until  18U2,  when 
his  party  nominated  and  elected  him  to  the  im- 
portant office  of  Sheritt". 

February  28,  1880,  Afr.  Osborn  was  married 
to  Miss  Emma  Uodgcrs,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and 
the  daiitrliter  of  Charles  Kodtiors,  one  oi'  Culi- 
fornia's  early  pioneers.  Mrs.  Dsiiorn  has  borne 
her  husband  one  child,  Kcliia. 

Politically,  Mr.  Osborn  has  always  acted  witii 
the  progressive  wing  of  the  Denincratic  party. 
In  his  social  affiliations  lie  is  allied  with  the 
A.  F.  it  A.  M.,  also  the  K.  of  I'.,  in  the  last 
named  order  he  has  passed  all  the  chairs,  and  is 
a  iiieinber  (jf  the  grand  lodge.  His  reputation 
in  the  community,  as  a  worthy  gentleman,  is 
beyond  (piestion.  His  upright  and  inaiily  (juali- 
ties  have  gained  tor  him  a  large  circle  of  friends. 


^OX.  W.  T.  XEWMY,  the  founder  of  the 
W\  city  of  McMinnvillo,  and  one  of  Oregon's 
honored  pioneers  of  1S4;5,  was  born  in 
McMiimville,  Warren  county,  Tennessee,  March 
23, 1820.  He  was  of  Scotch  descent,  his  ances- 
tors having  located  in  America  at  an  early  day. 
Left  an  orphan  when  ijuite  young,  he  was  reared 
in  his  native  State,  and  in  1834  removed  to 
Missouri,  where  he  lived  four  years.  In  1841 
he  married  Miss  Sarah  Jane  MeGary,  a  native 
of  Kentucky. 

About  this  time  the  far  West  presented  many 
attractive  features  to  the  ambition.s  young  man. 
In  1843,  lured  by  the  rich  lands  and  mild  cli- 
mate, and  the  prospect  of  helping  to  found  a 
new  commonwealth  on  the  Pacific  coiist,  Mr. 
Newby  and  his  wife  crossed  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon. He  located  at  Oregon  ("ity,  then  the  trad- 
ing station  of  the  Willamette  valley,  and  in 
1844  came  to  Yam  Hill  county,  which  then 
contained  only  six  settlers.  He  located  his 
donation  claim,  where  the  prosperous  city  of 
McMinnville  now  stands,  and  here  began  his 
labors  as  a  pioneer  farmer.  In  ISoS  he  erected 
a  gristmill  on  Ikker  creek,  and  on  this  same 
8i)ot,  in  1889,  a  large  sawmill  waserected.  The 
site  of  this  mill  became  the  nucleus  of  the  town. 
It  was  located  at  the  foot  of  Third  street.  In 
1854  Mr.  Newby  built  a  store,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  the  town  of  McMinnville  was  founded. 
He  named  it  in  honor  of  his  old  home  in  Ten- 
nessee. He  at  once  became  the  principal  factor 
in   all  the  enterprises  connected  with  the  up- 


ItuiMiiig  of  this  embryo  city.  He  donated  liiid 
to  the  college,  built  churclies,  warehouses,  mills, 
stores,  etc.,  and  gave  to  McMinnville  such  a 
start  as  resulted  in  its  iieing  to-ihiy  the  most 
enterprising  business  town  on  the  west  sido  of 
the  Willamette,  excepting  Portland.  In  1870 
he  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  his  town  an  incor- 
porated city.  To  him  is  due  the  creilit  of  put- 
ting in  motion  the  great  enterprise  of  mii' lug 
McMiiinville  a  wealtliy  manufacturing  town  by 
liriuging  to  it  an  immense  water-power  in  a  ditch 
from  the  headwaters  of  the  Willamette,  a  dis- 
tance of  eighteen  miles.  In  the  furtherance  of 
this  great  enterprise  he  formed  a  company,  and 
had  six  miles  of  the  excavation  completed,  when, 
through  the  fault  of  some  of  the  incorporators, 
he  WHS  oblige.',  to  abandon  the  work,  and  it  has 
never  since  been  taken  up. 

In  politics  Sir.  Newby  was  a  Democrat.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  ("oniity  Assessor.  In  1870 
his  fellow-citizens  chose  liiiii  as  their  repri-senta- 
tive  in  the  State  Senate,  which  ofticc  he  filled  in 
the  most  honorable  and  upright  manner,  credit- 
able alike  to  himself  and  his  constituents. 

Mr.  Newby's  siulden  death  in  1884  was  not 
only  a  source  of  great  oereaveinent  to  his  fam- 
ily and  many  intimate  friends,  but  was  also  a 
shock  to  the  entiri'  comninnity.  His  wife,  a 
most  amiable  woman,  survived  him  only  two 
years.  Of  their  eight  children,  one,  the  oldest 
son.  James  H..  died  in  his  twenty-sixth  year. 
The  others  are  all  fettled,  and  leading  useful  and 
respected  lives,  thus  doing  credit  to  the  memory 
of  their  honored  parents.  They  are  as  follows; 
Luther  A.,* engaged  in  business  in  Portland; 
Virginia,  wife  of  Hon.  James  V.  Watson,  an  ex- 
judge  and  prominent  lawyer,  (jf  whom  see  sketch 
elsewhere  in  this  work;  Harrison  C.,of  Califor- 
nin;  Ollie.  wife  of  W.  F.  Lemon,  Oakland,  Cali- 
fornia; Emma,  wife  of  T.  15.  Ladd.  a  well-to-do 
farmer  of  Yam  Hill  county;  ^fartlia  Ann,  wife 
of  C!.  N.  Groves,  of  Centralia;  and  Uosa  Lee, 
wife  of  Branian  Chirk,  McMinnville.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Clark  we  are  indebted  for  the  facts 
presented  in  this  sketch.  Mr.  Clark  is  one  of 
the  most  enterjirisiiig  young  business  men  of 
this  city,  and  of  him  we  make  brief  mention  in 
connection  with  the  foregoing. 

Braman  Clark  was  born  in  Schoharie  county, 
New  York,  November  26,  1853.  His  father, 
M.  B.  Clark,  was  also  a  native  of  New  York. 
The  family  removed  to  Wisconsin  at  an  early 
day,  and  on  the  frontier  in  that  State  Braman 
was  reared.      He  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter 


r 


I 


■'  I 


I 


'  I  '^ 


1170 


nrsTonr  of  biisfioN. 


ami  cHliiiictiiiakcr,  niid  also  Btiidicil  arcliitectiire. 
llccaiiio  toOri'proii  in  1880,  and  in  18HS  founded 
the  McMiniivillo  Kiii'niturc  Manufactory,  the 
tifHt  and  oidv  one  of  tlie  (own.  His  bnwiiu-ss 
has  o;ro\vn,  and  been  enhiri^'t'tl  iiy  him,  and  hi;  is 
now  gi\  ini^  emplovrnt'iit  to  a  luimiier  of  men. 
He  is  also  eiiiiiti^ed  in  contracting  and  hnildino;. 
Some  of  tlie  finest  and  most  complete  houses  in 
^IcMinnviMe.  iiave  been  designed  and  eon- 
8tru('te<l  iiy  him.  He  was  nnirried  November 
15, 1887.  to  one  of  McMinnvilie's  fairest  daugli- 
ters.  Mrs.  Clark  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church,  iioth  are  popular  in  social  circles,  and 
are  highly  esteemed  by  all,  who  know  them. 
Politically,  Mr.  Clark  atliliates  with  the  Kepub- 
licau  party. 

In  concluding  this  article  we  state  that  Mr. 
Newby  hail  so  much  confidence  in  men,  anil 
was  so  j^enerons  in  bis  life  and  liberal  ii\  the 
enterprises  intended  to  benefit  McMinnviJle 
that  be  did  not  die  rich  as  the  world  reckons. 
He,  however,  left  his  children  a  far  better  lier- 
itaire,  and  one  which  they  most  highly  prize — 
an  unsullied  name. 


fM.  MOVKlt,  pioneer,  manufacturer  and 
capitalist,  was  born  in  Schuylkill  county, 
<»  Pennsylvania,  in  1829.  His  parents,  Ga- 
briel and  Hannah  (Andrews)  Meyer,  were  na- 
tives of  I'eimsylvania,  Mr.  Moyer  being  a  cooper 
by  trade  and  also  eiiifaged  in  farming.  In  18v{() 
they  removed  to  Trumbull  county",  i)hio,  and 
subseiiucntlv  to  Mahoning  county,  where  he  se- 
cured ninety-one  acres  in  the  timber,  built  his 
log  cabin  and  began  clearing  the  land  and 
following  his  traile  through  tlie  winter  tnonths. 
In  1848  they  moved  to  Medina  county  and 
followed  farming);  the  rest  of  their  lives.  They 
had  fifteen  children,  eight  of  whom  arc  still 
living. 

J.  M.  Moyer  remained  at  home  until  1848, 
when  he  began  learning  the  trade  of  carpenter 
and  followed  that  occupation  until  18u2,  when 
in  partnership  with  .1.  F.  Colbert,  he  bought  a 
wagon,  three  horses,  a  stock  of  grain  and  pro- 
visions and  started  for  Oregon.  Their  trip  was 
rapid,  consnming  but  three  months,  and  very 
comfortable  considering  the  hardsiiips  of  such 
locomotion.  Using  great  judgment  in  driving 
the  horses  and  having  plenty  of  grain  for  them, 
they  soon  outstripped  all  the  other  wagons  and 


landed  at  Koster'.s  August  !t,  1852.     Then  went 
to  (!lBckamas  river  and   spent   two   weeks    with 
Mr.  Arthur,   where  evei'y    hospitality    was  ten- 
dered.    After  resting,  the  horses  were  sold,  and 
with  an  outfit  consisting  of  blankets,  hatchet  and 
a  piece  of  rope,  they   started    for  the  Calapooya 
river,  and    stopjied     with     Klias    Waters,    near 
Prowiisville.     There  Mr.  Mover  settled  for  some 
years.     He  began  to  work   at   his    traile,  which 
he  followed  as  op|)ortunity  offered    until    1855, 
when  lie  bought  a   band   of  catttle  and  in    the 
spring  of  185(5  started  lor   (California,    but   the 
adventure  was   disastrous    and   be    returned    to 
Oregon.     In   1857    Mr.  Moyer  settled   on    KiO 
acres  iu>ar  town,   purchasing  sixty   acres   addi- 
tional   and    engagiMl    in    farming.      He    began 
housekeeping  in  a  box  house,  without  doors   or 
windows,  and  the  table  for  t'.io  first   meal  waa 
loose  boards  placed  across  two  saw  horses.      He 
was  "dead  broke"'  from  his  late  cattle   venture. 
With  his  knowledge  of  wood  work  lie   nnide  the 
necessary   furniture  aiul  so   passed   the  winter, 
but  with  the  jilatting  of  the   town    of  iJrowns- 
villo  by  James  HIakely,  he  purchased  a  few  lots, 
built  a  box  housis  removed  his  family  and  en- 
gaged at  his  trade,  which  he  followed  until  1802, 
when  ho  went  to  the  Florence  gold  (excitement 
in  Idaho,  packing  across  the  nu)nntain8.     The 
trip  was  very  laborious  through  the  snow  in  the 
mountains,  and  he  became   foot  sore  and  snow 
blind,  and   after  an  absence  of  some  wteeka  and 
an  outlay  of  $800,  he  returned   to    Brownsville 
a  sadder,  if  not  a  richer  man.     He   then  con- 
tinued   his    trade    until  A[)ril,    180i{,  when    he 
bought  the  sash   and  door  factory   of   William 
Linville,  at  North  Brownsville,  and  immediately 
took  possession.     In  August,  1803,  he  removed 
his  family  to  the  location  of  his  present  home, 
where  he  built  a  modest  house  and  operated  the 
mill.     He  refitted  it  with  additional   machinery 
and  by  devoting  long  hours  to  the  work,  built 
up  a  large  and  extensive  business.      In  time  his 
health  broke  down  under  the  strain  and  he  was 
obliged  to  stop  work.      In    1875  he  rented   the 
mill,  which  is  now  being"  operated   by   his  son. 
In  18(50  Mr.  Moyer  was  one  of  the   organizers 
and  builders  of  the  Linn  Woolen  Mill  at  Browns- 
ville, which  burned  down   in    18(52.     The   mill 
was  rebuilt  in  1804  and  a  comjiany  was  organ- 
ized as  the  Kagle    Woolen   Mill   and   continued 
about  six  years,    when    they    became    involved. 
T'.ie  litigation  continued  about  live  years,  when 
tlie  entire  property  was  sold  in  1875  to  a  syndi- 
cate organized  by  Mr.  Moyer  and    the   Browns- 


I^^^UUIMJ 


Insronr  of  ouKaoN. 


il7i 


Then  wiMit 

WfolvK   witli 

lit)'    W118  ten- 

I'fi'i'  sold,  iind 

.-•,  Imtciiet  itiid 

111)  CHl(i[Mioya 

Waters,    neiir 

ttled  forsoini! 

tnulu,  wliicii 

until    18ijo, 

0  iuul  in  the 
iiiii,    but   the 

returned  to 
ttled  on  100 
'  acres  iiddi- 
Jle  began 
ont  doors  or 
rst    meal   was 

horses.  Ho 
ittle  venture, 
he  made  the 

1  the  winter, 
of  Browns- 

<eda  few  lots, 
nily  and  en- 
id  until  1802, 
d  excitement 
ntaiiia.  The 
e  snow  in  the 
ire  and  snow 
lie  W(feks  and 

Brownsville 
[e  then  con- 
Oi},  when    he 

of  William 
immediately 
,  lie  removed 
resent  home, 
operated  the 
il   machinery 

work,  built 

III  time  his 
n  and  he  was 
e  rented  the 

by  his  son. 

0  orcfanizera 
ill  at  Browns- 
!.     The   mill 

was  organ- 
id  continued 
ne    involved. 

1  years,  when 
5  to  a  syndi- 
the   Browns- 


ville Woolen  Mill  company  was' incornorated, 
with  Mr.  Moyer  as  president.  Under  the  new 
maniigeinent  success  attended  the  enterprise  and 
they  Iniilt  up  an  enviable  reputation  and  exten- 
sive trade,  continiiing  until  .laiiuary,  188'J,  when 
the  property  was  sold.  He  then  piiicliused  the 
stock  in  the  I'ortland  store  on  Kirst  a^id  Alder 
streets,  and  has  cuntiniied  the  store  in  the  In- 
terest of  the  Albany  Woolen  j\Iill  Comjiany.  of 
which  company  he  was  the  organizer  in  lISH'J.. 
He  has  coiitinufd  as  President  of  the  same 
company  ever  since.  The  mill  is  located  at  .\1- 
bany.  The  building  is  OOxloO  feet,  two  ami 
one  half  stories  and  is  fully  ecpiipped  with  the 
newest  iiiacliinery,  employing  about  tifty  hands. 
They  manufactured  tweeds  and  cassimeres  for 
the  Eastern  markets,  beside  tlannels  and  blankets, 
as  reiiuired.  In  ltS88  Mr.  Moyer  was  one  of 
the  iiicor|iorators  of  the  Bank  of  Brownsville, 
and  has  continued  as  president,  conducting  a 
general  banking  business.  In  18'J0  he  organ- 
ized the  Bank  of  Woodburn  and  is  acting  vice- 
president. 

Ho  was  married  near  Brownsville  June  4, 
1857,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Brown,  daughter  of 
Hugh  L.  Brown,  pioneer  of  Oregon  and  the 
founder  of  Brownsville.  For  further  particulars 
see  iiiograpliy  of  .lohn  Brown.  Air.  and  Mrs. 
Moyer  have  six  children,  two  only  surviving:  Ed- 
ward 1).,  superintendent  of  the  Albany  Woolen 
Mill;  and  Hugh  B.,  proprietor  of  the  Browns- 
ville Sash  and  Door  Factory.  Mr.  Moyer  is  a 
chapiter  member  of  the  A.  V.  &  A.  M.  He 
built  his  present  spacious  residence  in  1881, 
where  he  can  retire  from  activity  of  business 
affairs  in  the  enjoyment  of  every  comfort.  He 
owns  ninety  acres  of  land  adjoining  Browns- 
ville with  valuable  business  property  in  Port- 
land. He  is  a  man  of  many  business  interests, 
genial  in  disposition,  shrewd  and  far-reaching  in 
judgment.  His  life  is  worthy  of  emulation  as 
his  success  has  been  accomplished  by  persistent, 
painstaking  eHbrt. 


-<s^< 


Sf»J>- 


W.  MOORE,  Captain  of  Company  E, 
F'irst  Regiment,  Oregon  National  Guard, 
Ho  and  a  resident  of  Portland,  is  a  native  of 
Gardiner,  Maine,  born  June  5,  1857.  His  an- 
cestors were  among  the  Puritan  settlers  of  New 
England,  having  located  in  Maine  at  an  early 
day,  where,  as  men  of  sound  reason  and  strong 
principles,  tliey  materially  added  to  the  develop- 


ment of  that  State,  ^md  to  a  just  and  eipiable 
government.  Hip  parents.  .Iiinics  1).  and  Har- 
riet Moore,  were  natives  of  iMaine,  and  in  that 
State  passtxl  their  useful  lives.  They  had  six 
children,  four  of  whom  siirvivis  10.  W.  Iieiiig 
the  yt)Uiigt'st  child. 

Mr.  MtMire  was  e(ln('ate<l  in  the  common  and 
high  schools  of  (iiirdiner  ami  .\ugMsta,  Maine, 
and  early  in  life  developed  a  talent  for  painting 
and  drawing.  .\t  the  age  of  eightiien  he  opened 
a  studio  at  Augusta  for  crayon  and  piirtrait 
work,  and  thus  supported  himself  while  com- 
jiletirig  his  education  in  the  high  school.  Hav- 
ing taken  lessons  in  photography,  ho  added  a 
gallery  to  his  studio,  in  1H7!'.  and  continued  the 
two  branches  of  art  work  until  I881i.  Tliat 
year  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  I'ortland,  Ore- 
gon. Here  he  opened  a  studio  for  |iortruif 
work,  and  in  1884-  entered  into  partnership 
with  Mr.  Towne,  p;»cing  his  skill  and  experience 
against  the  outtil  and  business  of  Mr.  Towne, 
and  receiving  one-half  the  profits.  This  coii- 
tinueil  for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time, 
Mr.  Moore  again  opened  his  studio,  in  1S87 
he  purchased  the  gallery  of  Abell  &  Son,  in  the 
Labbe  building,  which  rooms  he  still  occupies. 
His  apartments  here  are  appropriately  arranged 
and  handsoinely  fitted  up  for  every  branch  and 
department  of  portrait  and  pliotographii;  work, 
his  gallery  beir  jusidered  the  finest  and  best 
anywhere  to  be  round  iu  the  Northwest.  Al- 
though his  photographic  work  is  highly  artistic, 
ho  makes  a  specialty  of  portrait  work,  and  in 
this  he  has  ncnuired  no  little  celebrity,  in  both 
crayon  work  and  oil  painting. 

Mr,  Moore  was  married  in  Augusta,  Maine, 
ill  September,  187U,  to  Miss  Sue  A.  Hamilton. 
Tliey  have  two  children,  Harriet  and  Jess. 

The  military  life  of  our  subject  began  in  Au- 
gusta, Elaine,  in  1875,  with  the  enlistment  in 
Company  F,  First  Regiment,  M.  V.  M.,  and, 
excepting  one  year  as  Lieutenant  of  tlie  High 
School  Cadets,  he  continued  with  Company  F 
(accpiiring  the  position  of  First  Sergeant),  until 
his  honorable  discharge  and  removal  to  Port- 
land. He  was  one  of  tlie  original  members  of 
Company  G,  First  Regiment,  O.  N.  G.,  and 
soon  after  the  Company  was  organized  was 
elected  Second  Lieutenant,  and  subsequently 
First  Adjutant  of  the  First  Regiment.  In  1888 
he  was  elected  Captain  of  Company  E,  which 
jiosition  he  has  since  tilled.  Company  E  was 
originally  organized  by  the  (irand  Army  posts 
as  the  Veteran   Guards  of  Portland.     For  two 


il 


1172 


llISToliy    OF    OHKOOS. 


ycHrit  tile  liyliiwrtol'  tlic  ("oinpiuiy  ndniittcul  only 
(i.  A.  li.  ini'ii  us  iiii'irilHTit,  unci  iil'turwHi'il  any 
iMiiti  ill  i,'()(«l  ^tllllllill^.  Tlu'  i't(iii|)iiiiy  Ims  Im'cii 
ill  ('i)iiiiniiii(l  lit' ('iipliiiim  A.  I'ii'rcc,  ( >.  SiiiMiiii'iv, 
('.  Morf^iiii,  l>.  ('.  SiMitliuiM'tli,  ami  lliu  [iroHoiif 
Cuptaiii.  hiii'iiiir  tliu  Cliiiiemi  riot,  C(>iii|iaiiy 
V,  icspohdi'd  Id  tlic  ciiii  to  Rorvicc.  It  liiis  [mr- 
tiitiiiiitfil  ill  (•(•IcIinitiiiiiK,  Ims  won  |)i'i/.ep  in  cniii- 
ni'titiM'  iliili,  Mini  liiiM  always  cariioil  oil'  tiio 
IiiinorH  ill  coinpiiiiyi  team  ami  inilividiin!  liliu 
>li(Hititi^.  Oiintain  Moore  is  llic  im'si'iit  lioidfr 
of  tilt'  j^ovL'i'iior's  iiii'diil  for  iiidividiial  coiiiiio- 
titioii.  and  ilso  possfsncs  tlii'  ^'ovcriior'*  iiiediil 
of  till'  State  il'  Maine,  wiiicli  liu  won  wliili!  a 
iiu'iiilier  of  "jiii]iany  1",  i'irst  iJeoiineiit,  M.  V. 
M..  in  tilt!  yea;-  IsSO. 

— '^'m::m^^ — 


U)N.  SVLVKSTEU  I'KN  NoYKI!,  tlie 
[(I't'Pt'iit  (iovernor  of  Oregon,  was  liorii 
ill  (irotoii,  Tompkins  eoiinty,  New  York, 
.liilv  I'l,  1831.  His  father,  . I iiRtns  I'owers  I'eii- 
iioyer,  was  a  native  of  Aiiieiiia,  l)iiteliess  county, 
New  'I  (irk.  wiio,  sooiiafter  his  niarriiif^e,  removed 
to  (irotoii,  and  setliino;  ii|ioii  (ioveriimeiit  land, 
was  tile  pioneer  of  that  section  of  tiie  eoimtry. 
'J'iiroiiyli  his  industry  and  tliritt,  niaterialiy 
aided  by  his  growinij  sons,  he  reidaiined  the 
wilderness,  and  in  time  had  one  of  those  lieaiiti- 
fiil  t'iirms  for  which  New  York  State  is  noted. 
The  (iovernor  inherited  from  his  father  an 
luimixtiire  id'  ( iermiin  and  I' rench  blood,  and 
from  his  motiier,  a  llowland,  of  K  imh  .iiook. 
in  the  saim;  county,  a  further  admixture  of 
Kno|i>h,  Scotch  ami  Welsh  blood.  His  father 
was  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  (irotoii,  and 
one  of  the  foremost  men  in  all  piii)iic  eiiter- 
]iiises.  At  one  time,  thonoli  no  jwlitician,  he 
represented  his  county  in  tiie  N'ew  \ in-k  As- 
Beml)ly. 

In  the  year  lI'iTd,  William  I'ennoyer,  of 
N'oifolk  county,  I\iio;land,  wiio  had  previously 
removetl  from  France  to  the  Now  Haven  colony, 
and  thence  to  the  eountry  of  HnglHiid,  died, 
leaving;  by  his  will  his  estate  in  such  county 
subject  to  a  rental  ciiarife  ot  t-K)  j)er  year. 
This  Sinn  was  to  be  sent  to  Harvard  Colleire, 
in  Massaciiiisetts,  to  he  applied  to  the  edncation 
of  the  de.seendaiits  of  his  l)rotlier,  Robert  I'eii- 
iiover,  of  the  Now  IIa\eii  colony;  and  in  case 
they  ilid  not  not  up|)ly  it  in  this  iminner,  it  was 
to  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  any  indigent 
students  whatever.     Since  that  period,  for  more 


than  two  eeiitiiries,  has  that  l;4()  per  aniiuin 
been  K'lit  to  the  colle^'e  without  asingh"  failure. 
I)iiringthe  lievoliitioniiin  war,  when  nearly  all 
eommiM'ciid  intereonr^e  with  the  mother  country 
was  sto[)ped,  it.  came  with  its  accustomed  rej^ii- 
larity.  In  H5B,  when  the  future  (iovernor  of 
Oregon  iirrivinl  at  college,  lu»  met  the  Hon.  .lareii 
Sparks  in  the  steward's  ottice,  and  he  thanked 
him  for  the  great  favor  the  brotlier<pf  his  ances- 
,  tor  had  done  him,  slating  that,  when  he  himself 
had  entered  Harvard  College,  he  was  ii  j)oor  boy 
and  had  received  the  fiiml  to  aid  him  in  his  own 
odiieution.  This  same  man  was  at  one  time  the 
president  of  the  college.  Such  silent  deeds  of 
charity,  though  silent  in  their  intlneiiee,  are  most 
jiateiit  in  bettering  and  elevating  the  condition 
of  mankind. 

The  story  of  the  youth  of  Sylvester  I'ennoyer, 
is  the  same,  in  the  main,  of  all  farmer  boys  of 
sixty  years  ago.  Hard  and  steady  work  <luring 
the  spring  and  summer  and  uutiimn,  with  school 
[iriviieges  during  the  winter  season,  gave  him  a 
vigorous  constitution,  am!  created  in  his  mind  a 
desire  for  a  higher  education,  which  was  grati- 
lied  with  a  full  course  of  study  at  Homer  Aead- 
eiiiy.  New  York,  und  afterward  with  a  course 
of  law  study  at  the  Dane  l.aw  School,  Harvard 
I'niversity,  from  which  ho  received  his  diplo- 
ma in  the  Biiminer  of  lsr)4.  The  following 
year  lie  took  the  steamer  at  New  York,  via  .Nica- 
ragua, and  arrived  in  San  I'mncisco,  twenty-one 
days  and  eight  hours  after  embarking,  which 
U|)  to  that  time  was  the  fast(!8t  tri]>  on  record; 
thence  by  the  bark,  Leonesa,  he  sailed  to  I'liiiet 
sound,  und  by  Indian  canoe  down  the  Cowlitz 
river,  and  a  Bteamer  on  the  Coliimb'a  ho  arrived 
at  l*(U'thind,  Oregon,  on  .Inly  Kl,  18r>5,  finding 
the  town  almost  depopulated  by  the  Colville 
mining  excitomeiit.  Soon  after  his  arrival  ho 
engaged  in  school  teaching,  which  he  f(dlowed 
for  several  years.  The  year  following  his  arri- 
val ill  <  )regoii  he  was  married  to  .Mrs.  Mary  \. 
.Mien,  by  whom  he  had  live  children,  two  of 
wdiom  are  still  living,  vi/..:  (iertriide  K.,  now 
Mrs.  George  F.  Kussel.and  Horace  N.,  engaged 
in  securing  an  education.  ,\ bout  the  year  18(33 
he  became  employed  in  the  lumber  business  in 
Portland,  in  wliicdi  he  is  still  engaged.  In  IStiS 
he  associated  himself  with  the  ( tregon  Herald,  as 
editor,  under  Dr.  Wetlierford,  and  siibserpiently 
purchased  the  paper,  which  ho  sold  the  follow- 
ing year,  but,  except  a  brief  absence,  edited 
it  until  ISTI.  As  a  political  writer,  hia  main 
characteristic  was  precision  of  style  and   force 


fi,» 


nisTouy  Of  oiiKuoN. 


\\H 


por  luintiiii 
>iiii_'le  failiiri'. 
I'M  nciii'ly  III! 
)tli<'r  coiiritry 
foiiit'il   rcj^u- 

(ioM'IIICM'  of 
IC  llcitl.  ,llll('l| 

\w  tliiuikud 
'of  his  anceft- 
*n  liu  liiinRcU' 

llrt  II  1)01)1'  l)i>v 
III  ill  his  own 
one  tiiiit!  tilt) 
I'lit  (Iceils  of 
lice,  arc  inont 
;lit)  foncJitioii 

er  Pennoyer, 

I  nor  lioys  of 
Work  (liiriiifT 
I,  with  Bcliool 
I.  gave  liiiii  a 

II  liis  mind  a 
1 1  was  ^lati- 
Iiiincr  Acad- 
itli  a  course 
aol.  Harvard 
(I   iiis  ili|ilo- 

followinir 

rk,  via  Niua- 

twi'iity-onc 

iiig,   wiiicli 

oil   record ; 

od   to  I'liiji't 

tiic  Cowlitz 

a  lie  arrived 

<.")5,   tiiiding 

the   Colville 

.  arrival  lio 

e   followed 

iiif  liis  arri- 

ri*.  Mary  A. 

ren,   two  of 

de    Iv,  now 

N.,  eiif^aired 

le  year  1802 

insiness   in 

.      In  18(i8 

Herald,  RH 

iil)scr|nently 

tlio  follow- 

)nce,  edited 

his   main 

imd   force 


of  exiircsHJoM,  aiwayn  liittinji  tlm  nail  i«(|iiHrely 
on  the  heitil,  hut  hy  the  infiioion  of  wariii  hu- 
mor, anil  the  entire  iili>cnce  of  Hiiy  malice,  lie 
aviiided  the  aroiiHiiii^f  of  animoHity.  While, 
theri'fore,  he  heciime  Hoiiiew  hat  |ii'oiiiiiieiit  iic  a 
pdlitical  writei',  ho  never  tifiiired  proniiiieiitly  in 
ixilitich  until  hir  nomination  for  (Governor  in 
iHWt,  for  the  reanon  that  he  |ierKi8teMtly  re- 
fused the  um<  uf  hix  name  until  that  time  in 
connection  with  tlu!  nominiitioii  for  any  olHcc. 
It  is  a  I'uct  tliat  his  noinimition  for  (iovernorliy 
the  l)i':iiocnilic  State  ('onvonlion  of  ISSli,  was 
|irociire(l  witiiont  any  exertion  on  his  part,  he 
decliniiiir  to  do  anytliiiiif  further  than  to  state 
that  if  siich  noiiiiiiution  were  ;;iven  him,  he 
would  accept.  It  is  prolmlile  that  the  control- 
ing  cause  that  procured  his  nomination  at  that 
time,  was  the  l)old  etaiid  he  had  just  previously 
tiikeli  ill  rej^ard  to  the  agitation  of  the  (!liinese 
(|ue8tion.  l)uring  the  winter  of  188.")  and 
1880,  a  Btron^j;  feelinj;  ao;aiiist  the  Cliiiiese  was 
aroused  in  Portland.  Itiisiiiess  hecame  stag- 
nant, all  aviMiiies  of  lahor  were  tilled  hy  the 
Chinese,  who,  through  simple  food  and  reduced 
wages,  restricted  the  work  of  the  white  immi- 
grant with  a  fairiily  to  support.  The  working- 
men  of  Portland  organized,  and  projected  a 
movement  toward  the  expulsion  of  the  Chinese 
from  the  city.  This  led  to  a  counter  niovemeiit, 
and  a  iiieeting  was  called  l>y  those  oppo.^iii}^  the 
expulsion,  at  a  certain  day  at  the  courthouse. 
The  workingmen  then  captured  the  iiu'eting 
from  their  opponents,  placed  Mr.  I'eiinoyer  in 
the  chair,  and  after  jiassing  resolutions  favoring 
law  ami  order,  finally  adjourned.  This  cauj) 
(Vi'tat  gave  peace  to  the  city.  It  also  encour- 
aged the  anti-Chinese  element  throughout  the 
State,  and  |  "'cured  the  nomination  and  elec- 
tion of  Mr.  I'ennoyer  as  Governor  of  the  State 
of  Oregon  hy  a  |)hirality  vote  oi'  3,702,  while 
on  the  general  issue,  the  State  was  strongly 
Uepuhlican.  His  inaugural  address  as  a  liter- 
ary iiroduction  was  faultless.  It,  however,  pro- 
voked sliarp  criticism  on  account  of  the  posi- 
tion he  took  and  maintained  in  regard  to  the 
ahsenceof  i)owerin  the  courts  to  nullify  a  law  of 
the  State,  lie  claimeil  that,  under  our  State  Con- 
stitution, the  courts  had  no  more  right  to  set 
aside  a  law  of  the  Legislature  hy  a  judicial 
opinion,  than  had  the  Governor  a  riglit  to  set  it 
aside  hy  an  executive  order. 

The  Governor  is  a  nmn  of  positive  opinions, 
which  was  demonstrated  hy  the  action  he  took 
in  regard  to  the  anticipated  trouhle  on  account  of 


the  failure  to  pay  the  lalHirers  l)y  the  eontraetors 

on  the  railroad  east  of  Alliany  in  1 088.  An 
ollicer  of  tlu^  road,  at  Corvallis.  telegraphecl  tli(> 
(iovernor  that  the  lahorers  '.,ere  iiiiir''liiiig  upon 
the  town,  and  asked  that  the  Sherilf  he  author 
ized  to  call  out  the  troops,  if  iiecessiiry,  to  sup- 
press any  riot.  The  ( iovernor  at  once  went  to 
Corvallis  and  told  the  oIllceiH  that,  unless  they 
])aid  the  orders  of  the  lahorers  as  they  were 
presented,  he  would  take  no  action,  hut  it.  after 
payment,  (•  riot  should  occur,  he  woiihl  se(^  that 
it  woulil  he  suppreBwoil.  The  result  was  that 
the  lahoreis  were  paid,  and  all  danger  of  a  riot 
.avoiilcd.  His  positive  character  and  opinions 
were  agair  demoiistratcd  iliiritig  thi'  session  of 
the  Legislature  of  1881).  During  the  previous 
Legislature  in  1887,  a  hill  was  introduced  giving 
the  Water  (/'oinmittee  of  I'ortlanil,  the  right  to 
issue  honds  for  the  purpose  of  hringing  |)uro 
water  into  the  city,  and  providing  that  such 
honds  should  he  uxenijited  from  all  taxation. 
The  (iovernor  vetoecl  tlie  hill,  on  the  ground 
that  when  such  honds  were  paiil  out  hy  tlio 
city  to  private  parties  in  exchange  for  ineaiia 
and  appliances  to  bring  water  into  the  city,  such 
honds  then  hecame  private  ]iro])crty,  which 
under  the  State  constitution,  could  not  he  ex- 
eiiij)ted  iVoiii  ta.\atioii.  His  veto  was  then  sus- 
tained. In  the  Legislature  of  188'.l  such  a  hill 
was  again  introduced  and  passed.  The  (iovernor 
ngiiin  vetoed  it,  and  the  veto  was  again  sustained. 
It  was  introduced  a  third  time,  and,  in  a  dif- 
ferent shape,  a  fourth  time,  and  at  each  time 
was  vetoed,  and  the  vetoes  were  sustained. 

The  (tovernor  coin|ilcted  his  term  of  otHco 
faithfully  and  satisfactorily  to  his  const'tiients, 
and  liaving  again  received  the  nomination  of 
his  party,  in  conv-ntion  asseiiihly,  the  vote  of 
the  people  ill  the  election  convened  in  . I  line, 
IS'JO,  gave  voice  to  their  approval,  hy  the  hand- 
some majority  of  5,156  votes,  andrestored  him 
to  the  guhernatorial  chair  for  another  four 
years. 


W.  ()GLP:SI!V.  M.  I).,  has  long  heen 
prominently  indentified  with  the  med- 
ical profession  of  Lane  county,  and  is 
entitled  to  more  than  passing  mention  in  this 
work.  He  is  a  native  of  Adams  county,  Illi- 
nois, born  in  1837.  His  parents,  William  and 
Mary  (Stockton)  Ogleshy  were  natives  of  South 


1174 


lllHTOliY    OF   OJiEaoA. 


Carolina  and  Tennessui',  respectively,  and  emi- 
grated to  Illinois  about  the  year  lSii2.  Mr. 
(Wjesliy  engaged  in  tanning,  but  liecuine  aetive 
in  the  politics  of  the  county,  iind  was  eleeted  to 
the  otlice  (if  .ludge;  he  also  served  as  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  several  years.  About  1842  ho  re- 
moved to  Missouri,  and  in  1850  joined  the  emi- 
gration tide  to  the  I'acificr  coast.  He  spent  eigh- 
teen nyinths  very  profitably  in  tlie  mines,  re- 
turniD'g  to  Missouri  in  the  fall  of  1852.  In  the 
spring  of  the  following  year  he  set  out  for  Ore- 
gon with  his  wife  and  ten  children;  he  was  well 
e([ui|)ped  with  live  wagons  aixl  twenty  yoke  of 
oxen,  and  was  elected  captain  of  the  train,  which, 
was  coinjKised  of  twenty-tive  wagons.  Tiie  com- 
pany nnmbered  many  relatives  and  friends  of 
the  family.  The  trip  was  safely  accomplished 
without  particular  incident,  Foster's  being 
reached  September  10,  1S53.  The  first  winter 
was  passci'  on  the  Saiitiam  river,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1854:  Mr.  Oglesby  removed  to  Lane 
county,  sctiling  upon  a  claim  of  ii^O  acres,  four 
miles  east  of  Cottage  (trove.  In  ISOi  he  sold 
out,  and  spent  the  two  years  following  in  Rogue 
river  valley;  thence  he  moved  to  Cnnitilla 
county,  where  lie  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
life. 

Dr.  Oglesby  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  of  the  State,  and  began  reading  medi- 
cine at  Corvallis  in  1807,  undCi' the  pivceptor- 
sliip  of  Ur.  T.  J.  Johnson.  In  ISii'J  he  took  a 
cour.se  of  lectures  at  the  Toland  ft[edical  Col- 
lege. San  Francisco,  and  engaged  in  practice  at 
Hill's  I'Vrry,  California,  in  1>17II;  he  continued 
his  work  here  until  18T5,  when  he  returned  to 
Oregon,  and  tooK  two  courses  in  the  medical 
department  of  Willamette  I'niversity,  being 
graduated  in  1877.  Jle  then  located  in  Tuni- 
tilla  county,  and  enjoyed  a  most  tlattering  prac- 
tice for  three  years;  at  the  end  of  this  period  he 
nent  to  Fossil,  Wasco  county,  and  while  con- 
tinning  his  prot'casion,  he  also  engaged  exten- 
sively in  the  breeding  of  tine  horst's;  he  owns 
some  of  the  best  thoroughbreds  in  the  State, 
and  has  greatly  elevated  the  standard  of  all 
classes  of  horses. 

In  188'J  he  disposed  of  his  business,  and 
returned  to  Cottage  Grove,  and  devoted  liis 
attention  exclusively  to  his  profession;  he  has 
done  some  very  skillful  work  us  a  >nrgeon, 
and  has  an  enviable    reputation. 

Dr.  Oglesby  was  prominently  connoeted  with 
the  wars  )f  1850  and  1S58,  which  were  waged 
witli  the  Indians,  and  in  1878  he  commanded 


the  volunteers  in  the  famous  Willow  S|)ring 
battle  against  the  IJannock  Indians;  tliree  of 
his  company  were  killed,  and  several  were 
wounded,  while  fifteen  Indians  were  sent  to 
the  "happy  hunting-grounds."  He  has  always 
been  interested  in  the  great  industry  of  tiic 
coast,  mining,  and  was  one  of  the  discoverers 
of  the  famous  Anna  mine  in  the  Cascade 
mountains,  which  pi'omises  sncli  ric'i  returns. 
He  owns  a  one-third  interest  in  the  Clemen- 
tine mine,  which   is  about   developing. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Oglesby  have  one  child,  a 
daughter,  named  Anna.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the  I.  O.  ().  I'\  He 
belongs  to  the  State  Medical  Society,  and  is 
thoroughly  posted  in  all  Matters  pertaining  to 
the  profession. 

fAV  C.  OLDS,  a  member  of  the  linn  of 
Olds  it  Summers,  importois  and  jobbers  of 
china  and  glass.  181)  First  street,  Portland, 
Oregon,  is  a  native  of  Washington  county,  this 
State,  born  in  1854. 

Mr.  t)lds'  paternal  ancestors  wel'e  among  the 
pioneer  settlers  of  Vermont.  His  grandfather, 
Martin  Olds,  was  born  in  Vermont,  in  1795,  and 
was  reared  and  married  there.  After  his  mar- 
riage he  emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  in  1884  to 
Coldwater,  Michigan,  where  he  follo.-'ed  fann- 
ing, and  served  as  .fudge  in  the  Judiciary  of  the 
State  for  eight  years.  In  1851  he  emigi'ated 
to  Oregon,  and  located  in  Yarn  Hill  county,  set- 
tling on  a  farm  and  giving  his  attention  to  ag- 
ricultural |)ursuits.  He  was  a  memli.c  of  tlie 
Contitutional  State  Convention,  and  served  as 
County  Judge  for  eight  years,  until  his  death, 
in  1872.  George  Olds,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1820.  and  was  mar- 
ried at  Coldwater,  Mil'higan.  in  1851,  to  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Fairbanks.  Receiving  glowing  ac- 
coutits  from  his  father  in  Oregon,  in  1852 
George  Olds  converted  the  farm  atid  every 
available  investment  into  a  band  of  horses  and 
cattle,  and  started  with  them  across  the  ])lains 
for  Oregon,  taking  his  family  and  nniking  a 
very  successful  trip.  He  located  in  Washing- 
ton county.  The  very  severe  winter  of  1852 
settled  upon  them,  and  with  insutiicient  fodder 
and  the  reduced  er.ergies  of  *he  stock  one 
after  another  of  them  died  until  all  were  gone. 
Mr.  Olds  then  continued  farming  and  the  lum- 
ber   brisiness    until    his    deatli   in    1802,      His 


\i  r 


Ill  STORY    OF    OimiON. 


1175 


illow  Spring 
ins;  three  of 
several  were 
vere  .sent  to 
le  has  always 
iistry  <>f  the 
B    discoverers 

tiie    Cascade 

ric'i  returns. 

the  Clenien- 
)pinor. 

one  child,  a 
I  iiieinher  of 
O.  ().  F.  He 
ciety,  and    is 

pertaining  to 


the  linn  of 
md  jobliers  of 
L>et,  Portland, 
II  county,  tiiis 

i'e  among  the 

grandfather, 
;,  in  1795,  and 
ftcr  his  niar- 
1  in  18;i4  to 
)llo.-'ed  farni- 
uliciary  of  the 
he  emigrated 
ill  county,  set- 
antion  to  ag- 
emlwr  of  the 
nd  served  as 
itil  his  death, 
p  of  our  snh-  . 
nd  was  mar- 
L851,  to  Miss 

glowing  ac- 
Si;on,  in  1853 
m  and  every 
if  horses  and 
)S8  the  plains 
nd    making  a 

in  Washing- 
inter  of  18o2 
Hicient  fodder 
:ie  stock  one 
all  were  gone. 

and  the  Inni- 
1    1803.     His 


widow  survived  nu'll  1881,  when  she  died, 
leaving  live  children,  viz.;  Helen,  wife  of  John 
Jolly;  Jay  C;  AVilliani  P.,  of  the  firm  of  Olds 
&  King,  merchants  of  Portland;  (Jlara,  wife  of 
Owen  Summers;  and  Mary,  wife  of  1).  C. 
Southworth. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  .lay  0.  started 
out  in  life  on  his  own  account.  l!y  personal 
effort  he  secured  three  years  of  study  at  La 
Fayette.  He  then  obtained  a  clerkship  with  A. 
li.  IJurbanks,  general  merchant  at  La  Fayette, 
and  remained  in  his  employ  about  four  years, 
storing  up  valuable  infornuition  to  assist  him  in 
his  later  career.  In  rhe  spring  of  1874  he  came 
to  Portland  and  was  employed  as  salesman, 
buyer  and  general  superintendent  in  the  furni- 
ture store  of  Ira  F.  Powers,  with  whom  he  re- 
mained until  1879.  That  y"ar  he  formed  a  co- 
partnership with  Colonel  Owen  Summers,  and 
with  him  has  tince  been  associated  in   business. 

The  firm  of  Olds  &  Summers  commenced 
business  in  small  alleyway.  5  .\  30  feet,  which 
they  inclosed,  and  there  opened  up  their  first 
stock  of  common  china  and  glass.  A  detailed 
aciount  of  their  successfnl  career  will  be  found 
in  the  sketch  of  Colonel  Owen  Summers  else- 
where in  this  volume.  From  their  small  begin- 
ning they  increased  their  facilities  until  they 
now  occu])y  a  surface  of  about  20,000  S(piai'e 
feet,  aiul  liave  'ine  of  the  most  complete  stores 
of  the  kind  in  the  great  Northwest,  transacting 
both  wholcsaln  and  retail  business. 

Mr.  Olds  was  married,  in  San  Francisco,  in 
1878,  to  Miss  ISessie  Summers,  a  native  of  Brock- 
ville,  Canada.  'Miey  have  two  children:  Will- 
iam S.  and  Kenneth.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  F.  &  A.  M. 


fOHN  0'(H)\N01i.— Among  the  many  en- 
terpi'ising  business  men  of  Portland,  who 
have  been  l)ronght  up  and  educated  in  the 
metropolis  of  Oregon,  may  be  I'ouml  the  gen- 
tleman whose  name  heads  this  sketch.  He 
came  to  the  city  in  18(i3,  when  eight  years  of 
age,  and  is,  therefore,  almost  a  "native  eon,"  re- 
membering little  01  any  other  place  but  Port- 
land, whore  he  has  resided  for  twenty-nine 
years. 

lie  was  born  in  Hlinois,  .Iiine  10,  1855. 
His  father,  Thomas  G.  O'Connor,  w,is  born  in 
Ireland,  in  183+,  and  came  to  Xew  York  when 
thirteen  years  of  age,  in  1847.     Ho  married,  in 


the  East,  Miss  Alice  Slattery,  also  a  native  of 
Ireland,  and  in  1803  came  to  t)regon,  bringing 
witli  him  his  wife  and  three  children.  Aftei' 
arriving  in  the  city  of  Portland,  lie  became  in- 
terested in  real  estate  here.  In  lS(i7  he  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  Deputy  I'nited 
t:\ates  Marshal,  which  jiosition  he  held  to  the 
time  of  his  death. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  learneil  in  his 
youth  the  trade  of  jilnmber,  and  when  he  be- 
came of  age  he  entered  the  firm  of  .lohn  Barrett 
ii  Co.,  which  relation  he  still  sustains.  When 
the  (inn  ceased  to  do  plumbing,  and  became 
wholesale  dealers  in  plumbers'  goods,  he  became 
a  stockholder,  and  was  elected  its  secretary, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  '  The  firm  have 
the  largest  wholesale  house  in  the  Northwest, 
in  their  line.  Mr.  O'Connor  has  liecaTue  iden- 
tified thoroughly  with  all  the  details  of  the 
business  of  the  hcnise,  and  has  been  a  valuable 
factor  in  its  success. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  II.  W.,  and  is 
one  of  Portland's  highly  esteemed  young  busi- 
ness men,  and  is  justly  proud  of  Portland  and 
its  pro8i)erity.  In  1875  he  mai'ried  Miss  Kate 
Christie,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  they  have  two 
daughters  and  a  son,  born  in  Portland:  Alice 
IMargaret,  Kate  Edna,  and  Raymond. 

zm^^ — 


fOSEPII  M.MIIOX  MCKUM  is  a  pioneer 
of  Oregon,  lia>iiig  conu'  to  the  State  in 
1853.  He  is  a  native  of  Lee  county,  Iowa, 
horn  May  19,  j850.  His  father,  John  L. 
Xicknm,  was  a  native  of  ^^aryland,  as  was  also 
his  grandfather,  Joseph  Xicknm.  John  L. 
married  Susana  Kockey.  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
daughter  of  .lauob  Rockey,  of  the  same  State;  of 
German  ancestry,  but  early  settlers  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  fpiitc  a  number  of  the  family  par- 
ticipated in  the  civil  war.  Mr.  John  Xicknm 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  and  brcuiglit  his 
wife  and  children  with  him.  They  settleil  on 
Government  land  near  Oregon  City,  in  1854, 
and  soon  after  procured  a  donation  claim  near 
Cedar  Mills,  in  Washington  county.  They  had 
to  cut  a  trail  in  order  to  reach  their  land,  and 
they  built  a  cabin  on  it,  and  were  ])ioneers  and 
old  residents  on  the  property  until  1801.  A 
half  of  the  property  is  still  owned  by  Mrs. 
Xickuut,  who  now  resides  with  her  son  in  Port- 
laud,  her  husbaiul  having  died  in  1887. 


i!  'to 


i 


f'N 


11 


i  I 


:  I 


1170 


tilSToity  Oh'  onmoiK. 


Ill  1801  the  I'amily  removed  to  tlie  city  of 
I'ortlaiul,  where  J(ise|)h  Nickiiiii  lias  since  re- 
sided and  obtained  liis  education.  AVhen  the 
civil  war  hrol<e  out,  Joseph  was  a  larj;«  boy  of 
elevoii,  and  he  became  so  imbued  witli  the  pa- 
triotisLH  tliat  lie  tried  iiard  on  every  side  to  en- 
ter the  service.  In  1S(!4,  in  liis  fifteenth  year,  lie 
chuTned  to  be  eijfJiteen  to  the  otKcer.  lie  re- 
plied: "Voii  ffrow  older  faster  than  any  boy  I 
ever  saw;  but,  as  you  are  so  anxious  to  go,  we 
will  take  you."  So  he  was  enrolled  in  Corn- 
])anv  I),  First  Oregon  Infantry.  They  expected 
to  be  sent  to  the  frontiei',  but  were  stationed  at 
Walhi  Walla.  They  built  Camp  Lyons,  and 
W('i-e  mustered  out  in   Feliruary  lS6fi. 

He  returned  to  Portland,  and  for  tlie  hist 
fifteen  years  has  been  dealing  in  bnildinff  ma- 
terials, rock,  sand,  and  j^ravel.  They  have  a 
dredge,  and  taKC  the  sand  and  gravel  from  the 
bed  of  the  river.  They  have  a  valuable  (juarry. 
where  they  obtain  their  stone,  and  a  wharf  and 
derrick  and  liarges,  and  do  tlieii'  own  freight- 
ing and  <lrayinif.  They  also  have  two  boats 
and  do  general  towing  with  the  boats,  vvhich 
are  tugs.  From  seven  to  twenty  teams  are 
used  iiy  them  c.ontinnally.  The  first  firm, 
Ham,  Nicknm  iV'  Co.,  was  organized  in  188;}, 
and  the  business  has  grown  and  prospered  since. 
He  has  invested  in  city  property,  and  has  built 
a  residence  at  the  corner  of  Hamilton  avenue 
anil  ( )liio  street. 

He  was  married,  in  1877,  to  Jennie  I'evis,  of 
Iowa.  They  have  six  children,  all  born  iti  Port- 
land, and  their  names  are;  John  Clayton,  iJalph 
K.,  Kthcl  J.,  Hessie  M.,  Myrtle  15.,  and  Mabel 
S.  Mr.  Nickuni  is  a  nieuilier  of  the  K.  of  I'., 
and  the  (i.  A.  W..  and  is  in  politics  a  Deino- 
c;'at.  He  is  a  good  citizen  and  a  wide-awake 
and  'hoiiiughly  reliable  business  man. 


-^^4'Mh>®<I€*'C>--- 


fUDGE  M.  L.  OLMSTED,  an  eminent  jurist 
of  Oregon,  and  an  esteemed  public  citizen 
of  that  State,  residing  at  Haker  (Jity,  is  a 
Tenneessean  by  birth,  born  at  Tullahonui,  Sep- 
temiier  2'.t,  ls44,  and  is  of  military  ancestry, 
his  paternal  grandfather  having  been  a  captain 
of  cavalry  in  the  war  ol  the  Uuvolution,  and 
his  maternal  grandfather  an  eminent  general  of 
France  under  the  first  empire,  his  mother 
being  Charlotte  liertrand  Mcl^eoch. 


When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  four 
years  old,  his  parents  separated,  and  he  was 
stolen  by  his  mother,  who  it^ft  him  in  the  State 
of  .New  Vork  with  people  whose  name  he  now 
hears,  she  returning  to  France,  on  the  ascen- 
dancy of  the  second  empire.  At  an  early  ago 
he  was  thrown  on  his  own  resources,  and  early 
in  life  leariu'd  the  lesson  of  self-reliance,  indus- 
try and  perseverance,  which  has  been  the  means 
of  securing  him  his  prest'iit  honorable  position. 

In  the  fall  of  ISGO  he  fitted  himself  to  enter 
the  military  school  at  West  Point,  as  a  cadet, 
and  was  to  re|)ort  in  May,  1801,  but  before  the 
time  arrived,  the  fir.-tgunof  the  great  Rebellion 
sounded,  and  his  wai'like  spirit  and  patriotic 
pride  called  liiin  to  the  field,  as  a  volunteer,  in 
the  Thirteenth  New  York  Militia,  for  three 
months,  enlisting  April  17,  ISlil.  After  theex- 
j)iratio!!  of  his  term  of  service,  he  returned  home, 
and  on  November  5tli  of  that  year  he  again  en- 
tered the  army,  and  sei'ved  in  three  dilferent 
regiments,  receiving  his  final  discharge  in  Au- 
gust, 181)5,  having  attained  the  rank  of  Brevet 
Lieutenant-Colonel.  He  participated  in  tlu^  first 
battle  of  Hull  Run,  and  was  at  the  surrender  of 
Johnston's  army  at  Dui'ham's  Station  in  1865. 
Ho  fought  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  all 
its  principal  battles,  from  I'lill  Ruti  to  Gettys- 
burg, and  in  September,  1803,  went  West  with 
(ieneral  Joseph  Hooker,  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Waxahachie  (ilen,  Lookout  Mountain, 
Mission  Ridge  and  Ringgold  Pass;  in  the  follow- 
ing year  he  seived  in  the  Atlanta  campaign, 
aiul  was  wounded  and  left  for  dead  on  tlii'  bloody 
slope  of  Kencsaw.  Joining  his  command  at 
Atlanta,  (Georgia,  again  in  November,  1804,  ho 
marched  with  Sherman  to  the  sea,  ami  carrieil 
the  first  stand  of  colors  into  the  city  of  Savan- 
nah. 

After  the  closi'  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion, 
tiie  Judge  went  to  Mexico,  and  took  jiart  for  a 
short  time  as  a  liberal  under  Ji'.-.irez,  in  the  res- 
toration of  that  Republi<'.  (ind  has  also  served  as 
a  volunteer  in  seviial  Indian  wars  on  the  fron- 
tier. 

After  the  war  the  J  udj'e  read  law  at  the  Law 
University  at  .Albany,  Xe  v  Vork,  came  West, 
and  fimilly,  in  1874,  settleil  in  Haker  City,  Ore- 
gon, whore  he  now  has  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice  throughout  the  State.  In  1800  the 
Judge  was  married  to  Miss  ('elia  East,  of 
Cedar  Rapiils,  Iowa,  a  very  intelligent  and  wor- 
thy lady,  daughter  of  Ilaywai'd  East,  a  pioneer 
of  that  Slate,  who  came  to  Iowa  when  it  was  yet 


mm 


nrsroHY  of  oheoon. 


im 


)  position. 
It'  to  imter 
IS  a  cadet, 
before  the 

liebellion 
I  patriotic 
lunteer,  in 

for  three 
:'ter  the  ex- 
iled home, 

iigiiiii  en- 
!  different 
^e  in    Au- 

of  Brevet 
in  tile  first 
irrender  of 
in  I860. 
J  mac  in  all 
to  Getty.s- 
West  with 
in  the  hat- 
^lonntain, 
the  foUow- 


ii  Territory.  Jiul^e  and  Mrs.  Olmstead  have 
two  sons,  rerey  N.  and  Ilarland  II.  J'erey  is 
Oregon's  cadet  at  the  Kaval  Academy  at  Ann- 
apolis', Afaryland,  where  he  has  a  tine  record  as 
an  artillerist.  The  Jnd<re  has  been  (iiiite  active 
in  the  politics  of  his  State,  and  served  one  term 
us  ('irciiit  .Judge.  lie  has  attended  every  Ko- 
piililiean  State  Convention,  except  one,  sinci' 
187ti.  He  was  at  one  time  (Jhief  of  Staff  and 
(ieneral  Inspector  of  the  Militia  of  Oregon,  and 
Department  Coinniander  of  the  (i.  A.  It. 

The  Judge  is  of  commanding  figure,  strongly 
resembling  (General  .loliii  A.  Logan,  and  would 
make  as  line  an  appearance  in  military  uniform. 
His  personal  magnetism  and  noble  qualities 
have  endeared  him  to  the  people,  while  his  in- 
tellectual and  judicial  ability  have  gained  for 
liim  an  enviable  jjosition  among  his  brother 
practitioners  at  the  bar. 


fOIlN  S.  PARSON,  who  holds  a  prominent 
position  among  the  leading  physicians  of 
southern  Oregon,  was  born  in  the  Key- 
stone State,  May  25,  1850,  a  son  of  George  L. 
and  Emma  (Boar)  Parson,  also  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  of  Knglish  and  (Jermaii  descent. 
The  ancestors  on  both  sides  were  among  the 
early  pioneers  of  tliat  State.  The  subject  of 
this  sketch,  the  third  in  a  family  of  six  chil- 
dren, was  educated  at  the  Hanover  College  and 
Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Gettysburg.  lie  be- 
gan the  study  of  medicine  in  1870,  at  Hanover, 
with  A.  J.  Snively  as  his  preceptor,  lie  grad- 
uated in  medicine  and  surgery  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Phihuhdphia,  March  8, 
1873,  after  which  he  bt-came  associated  with 
the  city  hospitals,  where  he  liad  considerable 
clinical  experience. 

The  Doctor  practiced  for  a  short  time  at  Ox- 
ford, subsequently  going  to  Soutii  Dakota,  later 
practiced  for  a  time  at  Coal  Creek  and  Coving- 
ton, and  then  returned  to  the  southern  portion 
of  the  State,  wlieiH"  he  continued  in  practice  un- 
til his  advent  into  the  city  of  Ashland,  in  1881. 
He  had  frequently  iieen  called  into  adjoining 
counties  in  council  and  professional  visits. 
The  Doctor  is  the  Jackson  (jounty  Coroner  and 
resident  surgeon  for  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road Company. 

He  was  joiiu'd  in  marriage  at  Ashland,  in 
Uctobcr,  1882,  with  Miss  Olivo  Ij.  Drake,  a  na- 


tive of  Oregon.  They  have  one  son,  George 
Frederick.  In  his  political  views  the  Doctor 
is  a  stanch  Ifepuhlicaii,  and  socially,  athliates 
with  the  K.  of  P.,  and  the  A.  O.  L'.  'W.of  Ash- 
land. 


V-^ 


HARLHS  PALMKR, aprospeiousanil  rep- 
utable citizen  of  McMinnville,  is  a  mv- 
tive  of  New  York  State,  where  he  was 
horn  February  11,  188t  His  parents,  Silas 
and  >iancy  (I^night)  Palni'ir,  were  both  natives 
of  that  State,  and  wer<'  both  of  Knglish  di;- 
scent,  their  ancestors  having  settled  in  America 
previous  to  the  Revolution.  They  had  twelve 
children,  all  excepting  one  arriving  at  maturity. 
In  183G  they  removed  to  Ohio,  then  a  new  and 
sparsely  settled  country,  where  they  remained 
thirteen  years,  then  removing  to  Sheboygan 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  they  located  on  a 
wild,  uncultivated  tract  of  '  lud,  which  in  time 
was  much  iinjiroved  by  their  industry,  and 
where  the  father  lived  until  his  death.  His 
wife,  the  faithful  com|)aiiion  of  so  many  years 
of  care  and  trial,  survived  him  many  years,  dy- 
ing in  California,  in  18S(),  at  the  age  of  ninety- 
three  years. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  \vas  reared  in  Ohio 
from  his  second  to  his  fifteenth  year,  then  re- 
moving with  his  family  to  Wisconsin,  where, 
in  1857,  he  was  marrieil  to  Miss  Mariani  Smith, 
a  native  of  New  York,  and  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
John  Smith,  of  that  State.  They  had  one 
child,  Ettie. 

During  the  Pike's  Peak  mining  excitement, 
Mr.  Palmer  went  to  the  mines,  remaining  tliere 
five  years,  meeting  with  many  thrilling  advent- 
ures and  making  some  money.  While  tluire 
he  discovered  a  quartz  mine,  for  which  ho  was 
paid  ^8,000.  All  of  his  own  mining  was  placer 
mining.  He  retiiriu^d  to  Wisconsin,  and  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  80  acres,  which  he  improved, 
and  on  which  he  resided  for  fourteen  years. 
He  then  sold  out,  and,  in  187f),  came  to  Ore- 
gon, locating  in  Portland  for  a  year,  when  he 
purchased  a  farm  of  320  acres,  four  miles  east 
of  McMinnville,  wher(^  he  built  a  good  residence 
and  grain  and  stock  barns,  arid  otherwise  im- 
proved it,  besides  cultivaving  the  land,  making 
of  it  a  very  valuable  place,  and  then  sold  it  for 
a  good  price.  He  i\w\\  bought  14.")  acres, 
whicli  he  also  improvt'ii  with  good  buildings, 
and  put  the  land  under  a  good  state  of  ci|ltiva. 


1178 


niSTORT    OF    OREGON. 


ill! 


i. 


\ 


\  * 


m 


tioii,  which  he  also  scild,  ])iirehasiii^  225  acres, 
wliich  he  liki'wisc  iiiiprovt'd  and  cultivated,  and 
also  sohl,  reali/.injif  a  liaTidsoine  siiin  in  pniiits. 
lie  tlieii  retni'ned  U\  McMiniiville,  where  he 
purchased  citv  |iri)|)iM't_Y,  hiiihling  a  eointbrtahle 
liome  for  liiinfcif  and  family,  and  also  hiiildintf 
other  residences,  wiiicli  lie  rented,  thus  realiz- 
iinr  a  e;ond  incoine.  His  property  is  located  in 
the  heart  of  the  city,  ami  is  very  valuable.  His 
faith  in  the  future  i^rowth  and  prosperity  of  his 
favorite  city  is  unbounded,  and  has  been  the 
cause  of  much  of  hi»  success,  his  investments 
having  iiroved  einitientlj'  profitable.  He  is  still 
engaged  in  real-estate  business  on  his  own  ae- 
eoiint.  The  character  of  his  buildinifs  are  cred- 
itable to  the  town,  and  have  enhanced  the  value 
of  a<ljoinini);  property. 

(juiet  and  unassuming,  honest  and  industri- 
ous, ho  has  accumulated  a  competence,  retain- 
ing through  all  the  various  walks  of  life,  the 
good-will  of  his  fellow-uien. 

He  is  a  Uepulili>'an  in  politics,  but  not  a  par- 
tisan. He  held  the  otliec  of  School  Clerk  of 
his  district  tor  twelve  years,  serving  his  constit- 
uents in  that  capacity  with  marked  ability. 

He  affiliates  socially  with  the  A.  O.  U.  W., 
and  has  held  most  of  the  olRces  in  that  order. 

In  1888  ho  had  the  misfortune  to  loss  his 
estimable  wife,  a  lady  of  sujierior  mental  en- 
dowments, and  great  loveliness  of  character 
Since  then  he  has  remained  single,  and  has  re- 
sided with  his  daughter,  in  their  pleasant  and 
attractive  home. 

'^■^■^ 

iEOKGE  M.  I'ATTV,  a  farmer  near  Amity, 
came  to  Oregon  in  18o2.  He  was  horn 
in  Arkansas,  Ajiril  it,  1845,  of  Knglish 
ancestry.  His  great-grandfather.  Patty,  came 
from  i.ondiin  and  settled  in  Hast  Tennes- 
see, where  his  son,  Josiah  Patty,  and  the  son  ot 
the  latter,  William  li.  Patty,  were  both  horn. 
William  U.  was  born  October  Id,  1817.  and 
inariieil  Miss  Martha  .\nii  Green,  a  ntUive  of 
his  own  State,  and  had  three  children  :  Wiiliaiii, 
Elizabeth  and  .lames.  With  this  family  he  re- 
moved to  Arkansas  and  settled  on  a  farm  twelve 
miles  from  \'an  I'uren,  where  three  other  chil- 
dren Were  liorii  in  the  family:  (ieorge  M.,  Will- 
iam It.  and  Maria;  and  with  this  family  he 
crossed  the  plains  and  mountaitis  to  Oregon,  in 
1852,  with  oxen.  George  M.  was  then  in  ins 
Bcveuth  year,   The  son  James  died  with  cholera, 


and  the  bereaved  family  buried  him  by  the 
roadside,  and  pressed  forward  to  Oregon.  Maria 
and  William  K.  ha<l  died  in  Arkansas.  On  their 
journey  all  the  stock  died  excepting  one  yoke  of 
oxen;  and  when  they  arrive(l  at  Milwaukee  the 
father  was  very  sick  with  mountain  fi'ver,  and 
Could  not  even  turn  himself  over  in  bed.  They 
had  only  810  left,  with  which  they  jiiirchased 
fifty  pounds  of  shorts,  for  bread;  and  this,  with 
salmon,  which  was  abundant,  formed  their  diet. 

They  reuiained  at  Milwaukee  from  October 
to  April,  during  which  time  the  father  re- 
covered. They  then  lemoved  to  Salt  creek,  in 
Polk  county,  where  the  parents  were  employed 
by  William  Robinson.  In  October,  1853,  they 
came  to  Yam  Hill  county  and  occupied  a  dona- 
tion claim  three  and  a  half  miles  northwest  of 
Willamina,  a  hill  ranch  of  320  acres,  their  rosi- 
dence  being  a  small  log  cabin  of  the  primitive 
style;  and  here  they  lived  and  improved  the 
place  until  1860,  when  they  sold  out  and  went 
to  Salem,  where  the  father  employed  himself  at 
the  carpenters'  trade,  and  later  in  sawmilling. 
In  ISTl)  they  removed  to  Yam  Hill  county,  and 
])urchased  tlie  "Milk"  Johnson  donation  land 
claim,  552  acres;  and  on  this  property  Mr. 
Patty  erected  a  good  farm  residence  an<l  barn. 
He  was  then  obliged  to  take  back  the  mill,  and 
hi!  again  returni^d  to  Salem.  Mrs.  Patty  died 
June  12,  1880,  and  Mr.  Patty  May  12,  18U(). 
He  had  been  a  most  devout  Christian  man, 
a  local  preacher  of  the  ]\Iethodist  I-lpiscopal 
Church,  and  had  taken  every  opportunity  to  do 
his  fellows  good.  He  worked  hai'd  on  the  farm 
or  at  his  trade,  and  often  traveled  many  miles 
and  preached  zealously  and  faithfully,  without 
e\er  asking  a  remuneration,  or  even  receiving 
any.  He  was  a  strong  temperance  man,  and 
Ue|)ublican  from  the  organization  of  that  i)arty. 
lie  left  a  good  name,  a  priceless  legacy  to  his 
chililren.  Only  two  of  his  children  arc  now 
living,  namely:'  Elizabeth,  who  married  T.  R. 
Bailey,  and  now  resides  in  Polk  county;  and 
(ieorge  M.,  our  subject. 

Mr.  Patty  was  educated  in  Salem  and  at  the 
Willamette  I'liiviM-sity ;  clerked  for  his  father, 
and  gav(;  him  all  the  aid  in  his  power  for  two 
years  after  he  became  of  age.  In  1881  ho  left 
the  mill  and  moved  to  Yarn  Hill  county,  pur- 
chasing IfiO  acres  of  hill  land;  later  he  has 
added  to  this  property,  fnuu  time  to  time,  until 
he  n<iw  has  417  acres.  In  making  the  purchase 
he  went  in  debt,  and  was  successtul  in  his  farm- 
ing oporations,  and  in  due  time  raised  a  siifli- 


nisToiii'   OF  oiiKaoN. 


IITI) 


cieiit  ainoiiiit  of  money  to  piiy  tlic  ilclit.  After 
his  fiitliur's  (lentil  he  becaiiu?  lieii'  to  niiiety-ono 
aei'cs  on  the  pateriiiil  estate,  imd  now,  with  his 
sons,  he  is  inaiia<^ing  nil  the  lands  of  his  estate. 
In  1879  Mr.  Patty  married  Miss  Lucy  UuMe, 
a  native  of  Missouri,  and  the  daiiifliter  of 
Thomas  and  Marfjaret  Rnhle,  ()rei;on  pioneers 
of  1S52.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  I'atty  had  seven  chil- 
dren, live  of  whom  are  living:  Henry,  (ieorire, 
Kaphael,  Lucy  >■  '  flane.  The  parents  are  wor- 
thy and  wee  .tiiiie  members  of  the  Methodist 
Chnreh,  and  N[r.  Fatty  is  now  aidinir  the  society 
in  tile  erection  of  a  new  house  of  worship  in 
Amity.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Re- 
pnhliean,  and  ho  is  an  ardent  temperance  man, 
ill  favor  of  prohibition,  lie  has  resided  in^Oro- 
goii  during  the  wliole  of  its  growth  and  devolop- 
inont,  and  takes  a  just  pride  in  the  wonderful 
advancement  that  this  State  has  made  since  he 
first  arrived  here.  By  his  own  upri<rlitiios8  and 
industry  lie  has  ac(piired  a  good  property,  and 
Las  the  reputation  of  being  an  excellent  man 
and  a  suc<'e88fnl  fanner. 


fOSHI'll  FMvVUl,,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852,  is  now  a  resident  of  llalscy,  Linn 
county.  He  was  born  in  Knox  county, 
Ohio,  in  182U,  a  son  of  James  ami  Klizabeth 
(Herry)  I'carl,  who  were  natives  of  the  same 
State.  The  father  was  a  blacksmith  by  trade, 
and  was  also  engaged  in  farming.  Ju  1843  he 
removed  to  Andrew  county,  Missouri,  and  fol- 
lowed the  same  occupations  until  the  spring  of 
l^o2,  when  he  sold  out  and  made  preparations 
for  the  long  and  weary  journey  aciross  tlie  plains 
to  Oregon.  He  purchased  two  wagons,  ten 
yokes  of  oxen,  some  loose  cattle  and  horses,  and 
without  niishaji  or  accident  arrived  at  the  Dalles. 
They  continued  the  journey  to  Jefferson,  where 
they  remained  until  the  fall  of  1853;  then  Mr. 
I'earl  located  a  donation  claim  of  3"J()  acres, 
seven  miles  southeast  of  Jlalsey,  and  followed 
agricultural  |iur8uit8  until  1881);  in  tliat  year 
he  retired,  and  lip.s  since  lived  with  his  children 
at  Halsey.  Joseph  Pearl  lived  with  his  parents 
until  lie  was  twenty  years  of  age,  when  he 
assumed  the  responsibility  of  his  own  future. 

He  was  married,  in  1S49,  to  Miss  Sarah  Wise- 
man, a  native  of  Indiana.  He,  too,  followed  the 
occupation  of  farming,  l)Ut  in  the  spring  of  1852 
he  joined  the  emigrant  train  of  which  his  father 


was  a  member,  and  with  his  wile  and  two  chil- 
dren started  for  Oregon.  This  coiupaiiy  num- 
bered about  150  persons,  in  command  of  (Jap- 
tain  Henry  Schooling.  They  were  aheail  of  the 
cholera  epidemic,  and  had  a  very  comfortable 
trip,  arriving  in  due  time  at  .lett'erson.  ller(> 
our  subject  spent  the  winter,  and  in  1853 
located  a  donation  claim  of  320  acres,  two  and 
a  half  miles  east  of  Halsey;  he  afterward  in- 
creased this  to  4f)4  acres,  and  continued  its  cul- 
tivation until  187t),  when  he  rented  the  farm 
and  removed  to  Halsey.  He  then  embarked  in 
the  mercantile  trade  as  superintendent  of  the 
Grange  Store.  After  two  years  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  T.  J.  Black  and  'J'homas  Por- 
ter, and  they  purchased  the  business  which  they 
conducted  until  1883.  Mr.  Pearl  sold  his  in- 
terest  in  the  establishment  at  this  time,  and 
began  buying  horses  for  the  Portland  market; 
he  now  has  an  interest  in  four  tine  stallions  ot 
the  Clyde  and  liiiglish  strains. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pearl  are  the  parents  of  ten 
children,  five  sons  and  five  daughters,  all  of 
whom,  excepting  the  three  younger  ones,  are 
married.  Mr.  Pearl  is  a  iiiembt>r  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  having  joined  when  a 
lad  of  fourteen  years.  For  more  than  twenty-five 
years  he  has  been  a  local  preacher,  and  is  now 
Buperinteiident  of  the  Sabbatli-school  at  Halsey. 
lie  erected  his  residence  in  187(5,  and  has  other 
valuable  property  in  the  town.  His  life  has 
been  devoted  to  commercial  and  agricultural 
interests,  and  his  success  is  the  just  reward  of 
diligence  and  persevering  eiTort. 


IHARLES  H.  NEWELL,  one  of  Hills- 
borough's business  men  and  Coroner  for 
^  Washington  county,  has  the  credit  of  being 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Washington  Terri- 
tory, after  the  Territory  was  separated  from 
Oregon.  He  dates  his  birth  May  23, 185)!,  and 
he  is  the  son  of  (ieorge  P.  Newell,  a  native  of 
England,  who  was  born  May  23,  1810.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in'  182S,  and  settled 
in  Ivalaniazoo  county,  Michigan.  He  was  a 
pioneer  in  that  State.  In  18f'.l  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  in  the  spring  of  the  following  year 
he  went  to  Oregon  City.  In  July,  1852",  he 
married  Kmma  Weston,  of  Ohio.  They  had 
five  children,  of  whom  three  are  living,  namely: 
Charles  11.,  Geoiiie  11.  and  William  A.     They 


rge 


; — -tm 


lino 


murouY  OF  onmoN. 


•ri 


retui'tu'il  Kn.9t,  and  Mr.  Xcwel!  Ituiiig  an  ac- 
(|iiaiiitiwu'oof  I'l'L'siileiit  Killiuoi'i',  was  a|)|)()iMted 
Surveyor  aiui  Inspector  of  Customs.  Return- 
ing to  ()re}j;oiK  lie  eiitored  upon  liis  duties  at 
Vancouver,  where  lie  remained  until  tlie  fall  of 
1854:,  when  lie  went  to  Oregon  City,  whore  he 
settled  and  was  prineipally  engajfed  in  tea':'iinij; 
vocal  and  instriiini'iital  music,  ilis  wife  died 
in  187~,  and  his  death  occurred  in  September, 
1880.  lie  and  his  wife  and  two  children  are 
huriod  together. 

Charles  II.  Newell,  the  eldest  child,  received 
his  education  at  the  ))ulilic  school,  and  the  liij^h 
school  in  Portland.  He  then  learned  the  oar- 
iienters'  tracle  and  worked  at  it,  and  at  book- 
keeping, in  I'orflaud.  From  there  he  went  to 
llilisl>orou<<h,  in  lS8ii,  and  eni;age!l  in  contract- 
ir.s;  and  building,  which  he  followed  successfully 
till  18(l(t,  when  he  opened  his  furniture  store 
and  nndertakinif  business  in  the  same  city. 

Ill  187>S  he  was  married  to  Aliss  Mary  I'lur 
ton,  of  Missouri,  and  a  daucjliterof  John  I'liir- 
ton,  now  of  Modoe  county,  California.  When 
?hewas  a  little  child  she  immigrated  to  Califor- 
nia, and  she  was  raised  there.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Newell  have  live  children:  Kinnia  A.,  ("arrie 
E.,  Myrtle  M.,  Frank  O.  and  Arthur  Ellsworth. 
They  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Churcdi,  and 
Mr.  Xewell  is  of  great  assist.wice  in  the  ninsical 
line,  he  having  inherited  his  father's  tine  voice. 
He  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and  a  memliei'of 
the  K.  of  P.  He  is  the  agent  of  the  London 
&  Lancaster  Insurance  Company.  IJeing  a 
good  business  man,  he  has  won  the  contidenco 
of  every  one  with  whom  he  is  brought  in  con- 
tact. 


(RTHI'i;  IN'.iRAM  NICKLIN,  M.  I).— 
The  ancestry  of  our  subject  dates  back  to 
the  early  settlement  of  X'irginia,  and 
P)n  a  paternal  side  to  a  remote  generation  have 
!»  a  family  of  physicians.  Dr.dohn  Xicklin, 
ail  tiininent  practitioner  and  |)lanter  of  Virginia, 
was  one  of  the  early  reformers,  and  in  oi)posi- 
tion  to  the  prevailing  feeling,  liberated  his 
slaves  as  early  as  1835.  His  h'rst  wife  was  a 
Miss  Huff,  a  iirst  cousin  of  (ien(M-al  (ieorge 
Washington,  who  was  a  freipient  visitor  at  their 
house.  John  Huff  Nicklin,  the  father  of  our 
eul)ject,  was  born  July  L  1804,  and  was  educated 
a  physician,  but  devoted  his  life  cliielly  to  busi- 
ness pursuits.   He  was  married  in  1822  to  Miss 


Sarah  Ingram,  a  native  of  V'^irginia,  who  was 
born  December  24,  1804,  ami  the  wedding  was 
celebrated  on  the  old  Nicklin  [)lantation. 
He  then  followed  a  mercantile  life  until  1842, 
when  he  removed  to  Iowa  and  took  up  and  itn- 
])roved  a  tract  of  land,  until  ISoO,  when,  with 
the  glowing  accounts  from  Oregon,  of  her  broad 
acres  and  fertile  soil,  he  too,  decided  to  go  West 
with  his  large  family  to  give  them  a  better 
start  in  the  new  country.  To  accomplish  that 
end,  lie,  in  1850,  loaded  his  household  effects 
upon  three  wagons  and  a  carryall,  and  with 
eighteen  yoke  of  oxen,  and  with  ten  head  of 
loose  cattle,  with  his  wife  ami  ten  children  he 
started  to  cross  the  great  plains.  That  was  a 
year  of  great  hostility  among  the  Indians,  and 
of  cholera  among  the  emigrants,  but  being  with 
a  large  company  that  used  constant  vigilence, 
the  journey  was  accomplished  without  loss  of 
life  or  property.  Arriving  at  the  Dalles  in  Sep- 
tember, too  late  to  cross  the  mountains,  they 
left  their  wagons,  and  by  the  river  trail  drove 
their  cattle,  the  family  coming  by  the  Hudson's 
Pay  batteaii.\,  to  Portland,  where  they  passed 
one  month  in  a  loghouse,  and  then  settled  on  a 
'tonatioii  claim  on  Salt  creek,  in  Polk  county. 

Our  subject,  A.  I.,  was  born  in  Tyler  county, 
\  irginia,  October  4, 1848.  He  began  the  study 
of  meijicine  at  an  early  age,  but  with  limited 
opportunities,  and  it  was  not  completed  until 
later  in  life.  He  followed  his  |)arents  through 
their  several  changes,  and  with  them  came  to 
Oreijon,  walkinir  the  whole  distance  from 
Omaha.  Upon  alternate  days  he  would  drive 
the  cattle,  or  would  shoulder  a  musket  and  as- 
sist in  guarding  the  train.  On  arriving  in  Polk 
county,  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Israel 
T.,  they  purchased  the  Applegate  saw  and  grist 
mill,  which  they  operatecl  until  iSofi,  when 
through  an  unfortunate  accident,  Israel  T.  was 
killed.  Following  this  the  mill  was  sold,  and 
the  entire  family  removed  to  Salem,  where  the 
father  and  Arthur  purchased  the  Rector  sawmill, 
which  they  continued  until  18t)l),  and  then  en- 
tiaacd  in  merchandisint;  until  the  death  of  the 
father,  and  then  the  business  was  closeil  out. 
During  the  Indian  war  of  185i3,  the  <lrnin  and 
life  corjis  siip|)li(ul  by  the  Xicklin  family  did 
effective  work  in  driving  away  enemies,  and 
in  drumming  up  recriiitJ,  and  eneouraging  the 
boys  in  the  service. 

During  the  later  ye irs  of  Mr.  Nicklin's  life, 
he  was  a  great  invalid,  and  through  the  devo- 
tion of  Arthur,  wIkj  always  stood  by  Ilis  fntUor, 


iilti 


HISTOItY    OF    OliEOON. 


list 


till'  education  of  the  latter  was  greatly  retnrdod, 
and  not  completud  until  1872,  when  Ik-  f^riid- 
uated  fi'oni  the  iiiediciil  department  of  the 
Willamette  University.  lie  was  thou  appointed 
physician  at  the  Ivlamath  Indian  Ueservation, 
and  was  there  during  the  Modoe  war,  at  which 
he  assisted  the  surgeon.  In  1873  he  removed 
to  Hngene  City,  and  performed  a  very  active, 
general  practias  and  was  also  appointed  United 
States  Hxaminiiiir  Surge<jn  for  Pensions,  whicli 
position  ho  filled  until  1882.  He  was  then 
proffered  and  accepted  the  position  of  residert 
physician  of  the  Oregon  Insane  Asylum,  at 
East  Portland,  under  the  Hawthorn  manage- 
ment. He  acted  as  head  physician,  druggist, 
and  superintendetit,  for  about  one  year,  until 
the  patients  were  taken  in  charge  by  the  State, 
and  Dr.  Nicklin  then  removed  them,  number- 
ing about  400,  to  Salem.  In  1884  he  returned 
to  Portland,  and  has  since  continued  in  general 
j)i'actice. 

He  was  married  at  Salem,  August  17,  18G2, 
to  M.iss  Lavina  C.  Draper,  a  ifative  of  Vei'mont. 
Tlie  resulting  issue  has  been  four  children: 
Francis  D.,  Israel  T.,  Ilarrie  and  (jliarles.  The 
Doctor  was  a  member  of  the  Medical  Society 
of  the  Third  Judicial  District,  the  first  medical 
society  in  Oregon.  He  is  a  cha.ter  member  of 
the  Oregon  State  ^ledical  Society. 

In  lH78  he  was  appointed  delegate  to  the 
American  Medical  Association,  hi'ld  at  Albany, 
Xew  York.  While  not  an  applicant  for  p-.iblic 
office,  he  has  always  bet.i  active  in  politics. 
He  started  out  a  Whig,  and  in  1840  sang  during 
the  campaign  of  AVilliam  Henry  Harrison.  In 
1850,  ho  was  present  at  the  organization  of  the 
"  On>gonian,"  and  sang  "Tom  (^orwin,  the 
Wagner  boy."      In  1801   he   joined   the   Union 

farty,  and  now  stands  witii  the  Republicans, 
le  has  valuable  real-estate  interests  about  the 
city,  and  is  deeply  intoresced  in  the  advance- 
ment of  this  beautiful  State. 


■^^•ea-^- 


flDNEY  AVALTEIi  MOSS,  of  Oregon 
City,  is  a  pioneer  of  1842.  He  was  born 
i.i  Paris,  Bourbon  county,  Kentucky, 
March  17,  1810.  His  parents  were  Virginians. 
When  he  was  four  years  old  he  w^.s  indentured 
to  a  man  of  wealth  who  had  no  family  of  his 
own.  Mr.  Moss  wm  to  be  taught  to  i-ead  and 
write,  and  as  far  as  the  "  rule  of  tliroe  "  in  arith- 
74 


metic.  and  when  twenty-one  years  of  age  ho 
was  to  have  a  freedom  suit  and  £5.  When  he 
was  si.xteon  years  of  age  his  parents  came  to  see 
him,  but  he  did  not  see  thoin  again  until  he  was 
a  married  man  and  had  two  little  daughters. 
He  married  Rebecca,  daughter  (jf  Thomas  Tay- 
lor, who  was  a  first  cousin  of  President  Taylor. 
William  Parnell,  with  whom  Mr.  Mo3s  lived 
until  he  became  a  man,  married  the  aunt  of 
Jefferson  Davis,  and  as  boys  he]and  Mr.  Da- 
vis went  to  school  together.  Mr.  Parnell  did 
not  fulfill  his  promise  to  Mr.  Moss,  who  when 
he  left  was  given  nothing  but  the  suit  of 
clothes  he  was  wearing.  He  then  learned  and 
followed  the  trade  of  stonecutter.  He  went 
to  Fort  Smith,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  the 
Government  there,  but  his  heulth  be„anio  poor, 
and  he  left  intending  to  make  a  trip  across  the 
Rocky  mountains  to  California,  but  he  changed 
his  ])lans  and  went  to  Oregon.  When  he  started 
he  had  his  horse,  saddle,  gun  and  a  few  dollars. 
His  horse  being  a  fine  one  he  used  him  in  a 
livery  for  some  time  after  he  got  here.  The  rivers 
were  so  low  that  season  that  he  forded  every 
stream  west  of  Fort  Smith  andGreen  river,  and 
the  water  did  not  reach  his  saddle  girths.  He 
arrived  at  Oregon  City,  April  26,  1842.  He 
assisted  Dr.  John  McLoughlin  in  surveying  for 
the  location  of  the  town  site.  His  first  work 
was  cutting  wood  at  75  cents  u  cord,  then 
he  purchased  a  lot  on  Alain  street,  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  Third,  and  the  next  year 
erected  a  buildins  on  it  for  a  hotel,  culling  it  the 
Main  Street  Hotel.  It  was  two  stories,  6S  x  105, 
and  was  the  first  hotel  west  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  When  it  was  opened  there  was  not 
a  bed  or  a  chair  in  it,  but  he  made  a  table;  and 
men  slept  in  blankets,  and  paid  him  $5aweeU  for 
board.  He  also  bought  and  sold  goods  and  pros- 
pered. In  1850  he  sent  his  partner,  H.  A.  Lee, 
East  with  $63,000  to  buy  goods  with.  He  had 
made  this  money  out  of  his  various  enterprises. 

Mr.  Moss'  first  wife  and  family  of  five  chil- 
dren are  all  de."d.  In  1843  he  married  Dorcas 
Richardson,  born  near  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
They  had  five  children. 

When  ho  sent  his  partner  Eaot  for  goods  he 
was  to  bring  out  with  him  the  surviving  chil- 
dren of  his  (irst  wife.  Lee  died  on  his  way 
back.  He  had  lost  all  the  money  and  borrowed 
Sl,0('/0  besides.  Mr.  Moss'  son  died  on  the  way 
from  Panama,  f  id  that  left  one  daugh^iir  to  come 
on  the  way  alone.  She  had  i^llO,  all  that  was 
left  of  the  fortune  that  her  fftther  lia<l  been  sc- 


11«2 


III  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


eniiuiliUiiii^  tor  eight  vcii's.  amJ  lie  liiul  to  niiy 
the  !j(l,(lOl>  besides.  Diiiiiiir  Lee's  al)senee  iNlr. 
M1188  was  (•uiitiiiiiin;.;  the  hiisiiiess.  Oiitside  of 
the  goods  sold  !>}'  the  Hudson's  IJay  Coiiipiiny, 
he  had  the  first  store  West  of  the  Itocky  inoiiiit- 
lins.  lie  iiiscDiitiiiued  the  store  in  1851-,  Imt 
continued  his  other  linsiness.  In  18S2  ho  was 
worth  !i^75,O()0,  and  he  then  divided  it  between 
his  children  and  stepchildren,  >hare  and  share 
anke.  Mr.  ^[oss  \ras  at  one  time  in  his  life  a 
newspaper  man,  an<l  has  frequently  written  able 
articles  for  newsjiripers.  .Mr.  Moss  now  resides 
with  his  danghter,  Lenorc,  wife  of  T.  W.  Clark, 
and  is  now  in  his  eii^iity-sueand  year.  He  en- 
joys good  heiltli,  and  as  he  has  always  been  a 
iiard  worker  can  hardly  keep  qniet  now.  In 
many  respacts  he  is  a  remarkable  mm.  He  has 
always  led  an  upright  life,  and  enjoys  the  re- 
spect of  all  who  know  him. 

fKUOME  A.  POUTER,  an  enterprisinfr  and 
successful  business  man  of  Forest  (irove, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Orleans  county.  New 
York,  March  o,  183H,  of  Scottish  ancestry.  His 
father,  Charles  Porter,  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
and  married  Miss  Caroline  Wood,  a  native  of 
Massachusetts.  They  had  five  children,  three 
of  whom  are  now  living. 

The  subject  of  our  skotch  was  the  second 
child,  and  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
State,  and  later  removed  to  iLorthern  Wisconsin, 
where  he  was  engaged  for  three  years  in  lumber- 
ing. At  the  end  of  that  time,  in  185^,  he 
turned  his  face  toward  the  setting  sun.  crossing 
that  long,  wild  waste  of  prairie  to  (!alifornia. 
Arriveil  in  the  g(dden  State,  he  engaged  in  min- 
ing at  Placerville,  where  he  remained  for  two 
years,  taking  out  sometimes  from  840  to  $00  a 
day,  l>ut  some  days  he  obtained  only  an  ounce. 
Finally  he  decided  to  try  staging  from  Placer- 
ville to  Napa,  which  he  accordingly  did,  con- 
tinuing in  that  business  for  six  years,  driving 
the  old  fashioned  stage  coach  with  six  horses. 
He  afterward  made  five  different  trips  overland 
to  the  States,  purchasing  stock,  with  which  he 
returned  to  California,  camping  out  all  the  way, 
and  undergoing  many  hardships  and  dangers. 
He  was  engaged  from  time  to  time  in  various 
enterprises  in  as  many  different  jilaces.  Was 
for  a  time  in  Mendocino  and  Sonoma  counties, 
where  ho  was  engaged  in    the  redwood  lumber 


business,  and  did  the  first  logging  on  the  Russian 
river.  He  ne.vt  went  to  (  arson  City,  Nevada, 
whence  he  returned  to  California,  in  Xovembcr, 
I80I,  and  thence  came  overland  on  horseback 
to  Oregon.  That  winter  W'as  th<i  celebrated 
severe  one,  which  caused  so  much  suffering 
throughout  the  country,  both  on  account  of  the 
Severely  cold  weather  an<l  also  owing  to  the 
heavy  fall  of  snow.  In  the  following  spring 
Mr.  P()rter  visited  the  mines  in  Idaho,  meeting 
with  fair  success,  where  he  renniined  for  two 
years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  "ame  to 
Forest  (trove.  Here  he  pnrchaseil  MHO  acres, 
adjoining  the  city,  which  he  im|)roved  with 
substantial  buildings,  and  cultivated  the  land 
assiduously  until  he  made  of  it  a  very  \ahiablo 
farm,  to  whicdi  ho  has  since  a(lde<l  until  ho  now 
owns  4;]0  acres  of  the  choicest  farming  land  in 
the  Northwest.  Pesides  his  farming  interests  he 
has  dealt  very  successfully  in  real  estate  on  his 
own  account.  It  would  seem  as  if  lie  had  visited 
almost  every  known  country,  but  there  was  still 
one  remaining,  Alaska,  to  whi(di  he  went  in 
1870.  Here  he  sought  for  gold,  and  penetrated 
iJoO  miles  into  the  interior,  traveling  by  means 
of  sleds  and  dogs.  He  discovered  several  good 
claims,  and  returned  to  Oregon  to  get  supplies, 
but  afterward  gave  it  up,  and  did  not  return. 
The  ridges,  or  highest  points  of  lanti,  were  per- 
petually frozen  100  feet  deej),  but  the  creeks 
appeared  to  thaw  out  once  a  year. 

Mr.  Porter  was  an  important  factor  in  the 
bnilding  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railway,  who, 
in  order  to  got  teams  to  work  on  the  construc- 
tion of  the  road,  made  a  trip  to  the  East  in 
the  winter  of  1880,  and  returned  with  210 
mules.  It  was  a  great  undertaking  to  bring  them 
through  in  the  winter,  but,  as  usual,  he  accom- 
|)lished  his  object,  and  with  their  assistance  was 
enabled  to  do  the  work  he  had  agreed  to  do.  He 
was  also  engaged  on  the  road  from  <  >gden  to 
Walla  Walla. 

In  1802  ho  was  married  to  Mrs.  KUen  Ilafety, 
a  native  of  Ohio,  the  widow  of  Joseph  Rafety, 
and  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Wooley,  who  came 
with  his  family  to  Oregon  in  1845.  They  have 
four  childrt^n,  all  living  at  home  with  their 
jiarents:  .Vvery  J.,  Charles  A.,  Carrie  W.  and 
Nellie.  Mrs.  Porter  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Congregational  Church  for  thirty  years,  taking 
an  active  interest  in  its  welfare. 

Mr.  Porter  was  a  groat  admirer  of  the  "  Little 
Giant,"  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  and  espoused  his 
version  of   Democracy  most   emphatically,  but 


Ill^ToliY    Oh'    OUKCON. 


1183 


the  Russian 
ty,  Xeviida, 
Xovi'iiibcr, 
I  liorscUiuuk 

Uclolll'lltt'll 

li  siiU'criiig 
;imiit  of  tlio 
I'iiiif  to  tlio 
iviiig  spriiiif 

lO,    lIUH'titlg 

ilmI  for  two 
lie    "Hiiio  to 

)roved  witli 
eil  tlio  land 
oiy  valiiahlo 
nitil  liu  now 
iiiiig  land  in 
5  interests  lie 
estiiti"  on  his 

'  had  visited 
lere  was  still 

he   went  in 

1  penetrated 
uif  by  means 
several  good 
ifet  supplies, 
not  return. 
lul,  were  per- 
il the  creeks 

Faetor  in  the 
railway,  who, 
the  eonstrnc- 
tlio  East  in 
id  with  21U 
to  hriiiij;  them 
il,  he  accoin- 
issistance  was 
ed  to  do.  lie 
oin  Ogden  to 

Kllen  Ilafety, 
>seph  Kafety, 
(-,  who  eanio 
.  Thoy  have 
e  witii  their 
larrie  W.  and 
lomlier  of  the 
years,  taking 

)f  the  "  Little 
espoused  his 
hatioally,  but 


now  styles  liiinsolf  iiidepeiidenf,  desirinjj;  only 
the  welt'aro  of  his  country,  with  power  veste<l  in 
the  hands  of  the  (.'reati'st  and  best. 

Of  superabundant  eneri^y  and  superior  l)usi- 
ness  ability,  combined  witii  unswervini;  tidcdity 
and  unvaryinir  intej^rity,  he  is  a  worthy  object 
of  respect,  whihi  his  kindly  motives  and  j^ener- 
oiis  heart  render  him  doubly  welcome  to  any 
community. 

U  K  E  M  U  L  Iv  E  Y,  an  honored  Oregon 
)ioneer  of  1847,  now  residing  at  Mon- 
inoutli,  Polk  county,  in  the  eij^dity-sccond 
year  of  his  life,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  May  ii, 
1810.  lie  is  of  good  old  German  ancestry, 
who  came  to  America  pi'evious  tr)  the  JJevolu- 
tionary  war.  lie  was  the  fifth  in  a  family  of 
six  children,  (jf  whom  he  is  now  the  only  sur- 
vivor. 

Mr.  Mnlkey  married  Miss  Rutliy  Allison,  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  and  they  came  to  Missouri, 
wliero  they  had  live  children,  and  when  the 
youngest  one,  W.  J.  Miilkey.  wdio  has  fui'iiislied 
the  data  for  this  sketch,  was  six  months  old, 
the  family  started  to  cross  the  plains  for  Ore- 
gon, in  the  spring  of  1847.  They  made  the 
long  journey  across  the  plains,  meeting  with 
many  discouragements,  among  which  was  the 
giving  out  of  the  teams.  They  lost  several  of 
their  horses,  and  arrived  in  ()regon  with  one 
mare  and  a  cow  pulling  the  wagon.  They  came 
up  the  valley,  and  located  a  donation  claim 
three  and  one  half  miles  west  of  Corvallis, 
wliere  they  resided  until  1872,  when  the  father 
removed  to  Monmoutli,  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. They  purchased  a  farm  of  500  acres  of 
land,  which  is  still  in  the  family,  and  the  father 
improved  this  to  a  great  extent.  In  187'2,  how- 
ever, he  removed  to  Monmouth,  where  he  built 
a  fine  residence,  where  ho  now  resides.  In 
1858  his  first  wife  died,  and  since  that  time  ho 
has  been  twice  married,  first,  to  Narcissa  Hrance, 
and  after  her  death,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  Catron,  who 
also  died.  Mr.  Mnlkey  is  spoken  of,  on  every 
side,  as  a  man  of  upright  life  and  character. 

The  son  of  this  man,  W.  J.  Mulkey,  is  now 
a  successful  Monmouth  business  man.  lie  was 
born  in  Missouri,  June  27,  1847.  He  wuo 
reared  in  Benton  and  Polk  counties,  and  was 
educated  in  the  Christian  College,  at  Motmouth. 
After  arriving  at  maturity,  he  was  engaged  for 
two  years   in  the  mercantile  business  in  Mon- 


mouth, and  then  went  to  eastern  Oregon,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  stock-raising  tor  a  year,  and 
then  returned,  and  farmed  a  numl)erof  years.  IJo 
then  returned  to  eastern  Oregon,  and  enjracred 
in  the  stock  business  for  five  years,  after  which 
he  returned  to  Monmoutli  and  engaged  in  tlio 
grocery  and  provision  business,  in  which  he  is 
still  engaged,  doing  the  leading  grocery  busi- 
ness  of  Monmouth.  He  has  invested  his  money 
in  a  good  deal  of  valuable  real  estate  in  the  city, 
with  good  results. 

In  18(i4  Mr.  Mulkey  was  only  seventeen,  but 
that  did  not  prevent  him  from  enlisting  in  the 
First  Oregon  Volunteer  Infantry,  to  aid  his 
({overnment  in  the  time  of  its  severe  trial. 
They  were  assigned  toduty  on  the  emigrant  road, 
near  Fort  Hall,  the  duties  being  to  keep  the 
Indians  in  check  and  ])rotect  the  emigrants. 
He  served  until  the  do.se  of  the  war,  and  was 
honorably  dischargeil.  He  retired  from  the  ser- 
vice to  his  home,  and  in  18611  was  married  to 
Miss  Portia  E.  IJutler,  native  of  P(dk  county, 
and  daughter  of  Hon.  J.  P.  Putler.  (See  history 
of  same  in  this  book.)  ^[r.  and  Mrs.  Mulkey 
have  had  six  children,  all  born  in  Oregon, 
namely:  Chauncy  C,  Losena,  Ada,  Ruth,  Eva 
and  Lizzie. 

Mr.  Mulkey  is  a  meniber  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity and  of  the  (i.  A.  R.  He  is  a  Democrat, 
and  while  in  (rilliam  county,  Oregon,  he  had 
the  honor  of  being  elected  a  representative  of 
the  State  Legislature,  lie  is  a  stockholder  and 
member  of  the  Waterworks  Comj)any,  of  Mom- 
mouth,  and  as  a  business  man  of  Polk  county 
he  stands  very  high. 

I^ON.  JOHX  MYERS,  an  esteemed  citizen 
Wi  and  prominent  business  man  of  Portland, 
ll  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  .Missouri,  in  How- 
ard county,  in  which  State  he  was  born  Sep- 
tember 15,  18.m  His  father,  Jlobert  Miller 
Myers,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  married  Miss 
Martha  Lynch,  a  native  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Myers'  paternal  ancestors  were  early  settlers  of 
I'ennsylvania,  while  those  on  his  mother's  side 
wore  e(]ually  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  His 
maternal  grandfather,  Henry  Lynch,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  under  the 
command  of  '-Mad ''  Anthony  Wayne,  and  served 
throucrh  the  whole  struggle  for  independence. 
His  parents  hail  eight  (diildren,  all  of  whom  are 
living  exeejjt  his  brother,  .Tainea   H.,  who   was 


mi 


ti»i 


iirsrouY  0/-'  oiinoox. 


J!  P 

1 1-    :■.' : 


i^m 


killei)  ill  battle  in  lliu  f^rc'it  civil  wiir 
joct  of  our  skctcli  wM-i  the  elik'st  of 


Tlu-  H(ll). 

tiie  I'litii'ly, 
uiiil  \vii8  raise  1  on  lii>  fiitlier's  I'liriii.  Ho  on- 
MmocI  ill  tlie  Me.xiL'iiii  war.  in  wliidi  he  served  un- 
til its(rlo8L',  al'ter  wlii(!li  he  returned  to  liis  home, 
and  contii  lud  rariiiinif  until  lSo2,  when  1m 
crosseil  the  plains  to  California.  Ho  inir 'J(l 
near  Sonora.  Tuolninni!  eoiinty,  ot  that  Stale; 
afterward  at  Coster's  creek;  altogether,  speii'l- 
inj.' a  vear  in  the  ( 'alit'ornia  <ligf;ings.  ami  se- 
ciiiino;  a  fair  >iipply  of  f^old  dust.  After  clei..-- 
ing  lip  iJil.SOO.  he  went  to  near  .lainostown,  and 
eiifraired  ill  dealiiij;  in  hay  and  liarley.  Lr.'er 
lie  hecuine  interested  in  a  iniiiing  ditch  eiiter- 
jirise  in  the  town  of  I,a  (irange,  the  construction 
(if  wliicli  he  superintended.  Ue  was  afterward 
elei_tei!  .Sjieriff  of  Stanislaus  county,  servint;  in 
that  capacity  for  nearly  throe  years.  In  l;^")^ 
lie  had  a  water  ditch,  which  lii'  ran  until  1860, 
at  which  time  he  sold  out  and  came  to  Oregon, 
where  ho  arrived  in  August  of  that  year.  Ho 
purchased  property  in  Oregon  City,  and  en- 
ffiured  in  the  general  merchanilise  trade,  do- 
ing  a  successful  Inisiness  for  twenty-eight 
years.  In  1*S68  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
Clackamas  county,  and  afterward  represe  ited 
that  county  in  the  State  Senate  for  the  sessions 
of  1872.  1.S74,  1S76,  1878  and  1880.  During 
liit  service  in  the  State  Senate,  he  distinguished 
liiinself  as  a  fluent  speaker,  thorough  parlia- 
mentarian and  a  clear-headed,  practical  states- 
man, commanding  the  resjiect  of  his  fellow- 
members,  as  well  as  that  of  the  people  of  t.  i  State. 
While  in  Oregon  City  he  figured  proinii.  "H- 
in  public  reports  of  successful  business  men. 
He  was  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and 
aided  in  building  the  first  bri<lge  which  spanned 
the  Wi'.lamette  river.  In  1888  he  was  ap- 
pointed Ity  President  Cleveland  to  the  office  of 
United  States  Marshal.  He  then  sold  his  busi- 
ness at  Oregon  City,  and  removed  to  East 
J'ortland,  serving  two  years  as  United  Stntcs 
Marshal,  and  interesting  himself  in  improving 
East  I'(U'tland.  When  it  became  a  part  of  the 
city,  ho  was  elected  a  member  of  the  City  Coun- 
cil, being  elepted  by  his  fellow-members  Presi- 
dent of  the  Council.  He  is  also  Cliairmai  of 
the  Committee  on  Streets,  ^f  tlie  Ways  am. 
M«ans  and  Judiciary  Conimittees,  and  is 
applying  his  solid  business  judgment  to  the 
interests  of  the  city  of  Portland.  He  is  one  of 
the  organizers  and  jiresident  of  the  Coinmer- 
cial  and  Savings  Bank  of  Portland.  This  bank 
lias  been  organiijed  for  only  a  few  years,  but  is 


having  a  successful  career,  and  has  the  confi- 
dence of  the  business  men  of  the  city.  He 
has  iiiiieh  valuable  property  in  the  city,  and 
1,100  acres  of  rich  laii<l  in  Clackamas  county. 

He  was  married  in  1858  to  Miss  Sarah  Hood, 
a  nativeof  Missouri.  They  have  had  eleven  tdiil- 
drcn,  of  whom  ten  are  living.  The  daughters 
who  havii  changed  their  names  arc  as  follows: 
Martha  A.  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  W.  A.  K.iir- 
weather;  Kva  S.  is  now  M  .  L.  P.  Williams; 
and  Carrie  B.  is  the  wife  of  Dr.  itobcrt  B. 
iieatie.' 

In  the  midst  of  his  busy  life,  Mr.  Myers  has 
found  time  to  connect  himself  with  ami  interest 
himsolf  in  the  Masonii'  fraternity.  There,  as 
everywhere  else,  he  is  an  active,  worthy  iiiem- 
bei,  being  Past  Master  of  ids  lodge  in  Califor- 
nia, and  twice  Master  in  Oregon.  In  politics 
he  is  an  anient  Democrat,  indorsing  the  prin- 
ciples of  his  party  most  thoroughly.  Since 
coining  to  Portlaml,  ho  has  built  a  liandsonie 
residence  on  the  corner  of  Eleventh  and  Co- 
lumbia streets,  where,  with  his  family  about 
him,  he  enjoys  the  tranquillity  of  domestic  life. 
Notwithstanding  his  long  and  active  business 
life,  he  still  appears  to  be  in  his  prime,  with 
many  years  of  usefulness  before  nim,  which 
prospect  his  host  of  admirers  fondly  hope  may 
1)0  fully  realized. 

fri)GE  RICHAPtI)  M.  POWERS,  one  of 
Oregon's  pioneers,  was  born  in  Guilford 
coiiiuy.  North  Carolina,  June  5, 1831.  His 
father,  Allen  Powers,  was  a  native  of  North 
(/arolina,  and  married  Miss  Periuelia  Gibson, 
also  of  North  Carolina,  who  immigrated  to  Hen- 
derson county,  Indiana,  in  188S,  when  Indiana 
was  Iiut  a  vii(lerness,and  Iocate<l  near  Danville, 
the  coi  ity  seat.  He  was  a  boot  and  shoemaker 
by  trade,  but  carried  on  the  farm  in  connection 
with  his  trade.  He  died  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
ei:;ht  years,  in  187G,  his  wife  having  preceded 
him  six  years,  at  the  age  of  seventy.  They  had 
had  a  family  of  nine  children,  of  whom  tliere 
are  seven  yet  living,  and  Richard  was  the  sixth 
child.     One  brother  was  killed  in  tlie  war. 

The  early  education  of  our  subject  was  re- 
ceived in  a  log  school  house,  where  the  split  logs 
formed  the  seats,  and  teaching  was  carried  on 
in  a  very  primitive  way.  Later  he  was  afforded 
the  advantages  at  the  Danville   University,  and 


ttlSTOHY    OF    Ollh'UOX. 


lliift 


;  tlie   confi- 
!  city.     Ilt« 
cily,  luid 
us  county, 
arali  IIodiI, 

('ll!V(Ml  cliil- 

(liiii^litors 

as  follows : 

.    A.    K.iir- 

.  WilliiimB; 

lioLert    IJ. 

Myers  has 

iiici  interest 
'I'iicre,  as 

)rtliy  nioin- 
i  ill  Califor- 

In  politics 
ij;  tlio  prin- 
rlily.  Sinctf 
a  iiandsoiuo 
th  and  Co- 
ainily  about 
omestic  life, 
ivo  business 

prime,  with 
him,  which 
y  hope  may 


K  [IS,  one  of 
in  Guilford 
5,1831.  llis 
vo  of  North 
b'lia  Gibson, 
ated  to  Ileii- 
hen  Indiana 
;ar  Danville, 
d  slioeinakor 
ri  connection 
I  of  seventy- 
ng  preceded 
They  had 
whom  there 
ras  the  sixth 
le  war. 

jject  was  re- 
he  split  logs 
8  carrieil  on 
was  afforded 
iversity,  and 


when  lie  had  completed  his  tiiiu'  a*  sclionl  lin 
decided  to  learn  a  self  siipportiiiir  traije,  ami 
concluded  that  the  trade  of  blacksinitii  wo'ild 
suit  him,  and  after  his  apprenticeship  was  over 
he  concllKled  to  join  the  eini;;riition  to  the  coast. 
lie  tirst  went  to  Illinois,  in  the  tall  of  1>S52, 
where  ho  fitted  up  an  ox  team  and  pru|mrcd  for 
the  loni^  journey,  beginninj^  it  in  the  sprint;  of 
I85ij,  and  ha  1  uiiUiJiial  jjood  fortune  until  he 
reached  Snake  river;  here  his  cuttle  bej^aii  to 
die,  and  when  he  landed  at  the  Cascades  he  haci 
only  three  living  oxen.  .\t  this  place  he  eolil 
out  his  outfit  and  went  by  boat  to  Portland, 
where  he  engiiged  in  the  blacksmith  business, 
remaining  there  until  the  next  spring.  At  that 
time  Portland  was  a  village  of  about  4(H)  pc(i])le, 
and  after  leaving  this  city  lie  wont  to  Albany, 
where  he  followed  his  trade  for  a  short  time,  and 
then  went  to  Eugene  City.  At  this  jilace  he 
renewed  an  ac([iiaintaiice  with  a  young  lady  who 
had  crossed  the  plains  in  tlie  same  train  as  hiin- 
self.  and  this  resulted  in  the  marriage  of  Mr. 
Powers  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Winters,  December 
'J5,  1854,  the  bride  being  a  native  rif  Zancsville, 
Ohio,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Elinira  Winters. 
Mr.  Powers  resided  in  P^ngone  City  until  18(50, 
then  returned  to  Albany,  where  he  remained  for 
fifteen  years,  following  his  trade.  Success  at- 
tended his  efforts,  and  everything  seemed  prcs- 
perous  until  1871,  when  death  came  and  re- 
moved his  faithful  companion  from  his  side. 
Eive  children  have  been  liorn  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Powers,  one  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  the  oth- 
ers being:  William,  who  resides  in  AVeston; 
Charles,  a  printer  in  San  Francisco,  California; 
Maud,  married  A.  J.  Stanford,  of  Athena;  and 
Uicliard  is  still  at  home.  After  tlie  death  of 
Mrs.  Powers  Mr.  Powers  removed  to  Lebanon, 
where  later  he  married  Mrs,  Mary  Ii<>yiiold8,  -a 
native  of  P(^nnftylvania,  who  came  to  Oregon  in 
1801.  Slie  was  the  mother  of  four  chihlron  at 
the  time  of  her  inarriagt^  to  Mr.  Powers,  two  of 
whom  are  living,  Ilattie  and  John.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Powers  resided  in  Lebanon  seven  vofvrs, 
hut  in  1871*  came  to  Weston,  where  they' built 
the  hotel  Delinonico,  and  successfully  conducted 
it  for  tliirteon  years;  becoming  tired  of  the  busi- 
ness, however,  in  .Inly,  1892,  Juilge  Powers 
rented  it  out,  and  removed  to  his  tine  residence, 
on  a  three-acre  plat  of  ground  in  the  north  end 
of  Weston,  whore  he  expects  to  make  extensive 
improvements,  and  spend  the  remainder  of  his 
days.  The  Judge  has  filled  some  important 
positions    in    Oregon,    serving    fourteen    years 


as  .justice  of  the  Peace  in  .\ll):iiiy  mid  one 
year  as  (Jity  Uecurder.  lie  has  been  .lustice 
of  the  i'eace  of  Weston  ever  since  his  ar- 
rival here.  Governor  Wood  appointed  Judge 
Powers,  with  Captain  Ilnmpliroy  and  .lacob 
Mann,  to  inspect  and  ri^purt  on  the  oM  iiiilitiiry 
roail  rnnninit  from  Portland  to  Malheur,  which 
rofjiiired  them  forty  days  to  revii  w.  Like  al- 
most all  of  theold  pioneers  Judge  Powers  caino 
in  for  his  share  of  Indian  fighting,  taking  part 
in  tile  R  iguo  river-war  ill  185tU"57.  lie  had 
many  narrow  escapes,  and  took  part  in  ii  num- 
ber of  battles  with  the  Indians.  lie  mentions 
one  time  when  a  small  squad  of  the  soldiers 
surrounded  a  whole  band  of  Indians  on  top  of  a 
bluff.  The  latter  had  no  way  of  escape,  and  in 
the  morning  (!uptain  Perry,  with  liis  whole 
band,  killed  all  the  Indians.  lua\  Ing  only  a  deaf 
and  dumb  Indian,  who  manageil  to  cscajie  at 
that  time,  but  was  afterward  captured.  .Judge 
Powers  has  spent  forty  years  in  active  life,  and 
is  well  known  as  an  old  settlci'of  Oregon.  For 
the  last  fourteen  years  ho  has  been  engaged  in 
law  business  and  in  collecting  pensions  f(.ir  the 
soldiers,  lie  is  a  life-long  Democrat,  and  a 
moniber  of  the  Masonic  onler. 

X  D  R  E  W  .r  E  F I'^  E  R  S ()  N  .\  1-:  L  S  O  N, 

a  lianly  pioneer  of  1852,  and  an  honortj 
citizen  of  McMiiinvillo,  Oregon,  was  born 
in  Monti;omery  county,  Tennessi^e,  May  28, 
1827.  His  father,  .lames  Nelson,  was  a  native 
of  N'^irginia  and  a  distinguished  officer  in  the 
war  of  1812.  In  1807  he  married  Miss  Eli/abeth 
Allen,  also  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  June  10, 
178(5  They  had  seventeen  children,  eight  sons  and 
nine  daughters.  Three  died  in  infancy,  while 
six  daughters  and  all  of  the  sous  lived  to  have 
families  of  their  own.  Their  names  are:  Milley, 
Mary,  Elizabeth,  William  .VUen,  Martha,  Louisa, 
Nancy,  James  M.,  Dazel,  Zenos  Hush,  (ioorge 
W.  and  Sarah  (twins)  Andrew. I offer.son.  Robert 
Rutherford  and  Nathan  Dixon.  In  1828  the 
family  moved  to  Kentucky,  whence,  in  1882, 
they  again  moved  to  Adams  county,  Illinois. 
Here  his  father  resided  on  a  farm  until  his 
death,  on  October  (5,  184(5,  aged  sixty-seven 
years.  Ho  was  a  man  wlio  was  much  esteemed 
for  his  probity  of  character  and  general  thrift, 
and  was  a  very  successful  farmer.  His  faithful 
wife  survived  him  eight  yeai's,  dying  April  (5, 
18.")4,    ageil    sixty-c'ght   years.     Mr.    Nelson's 


i 


i\  -    i 


iisn 


UlsroHY    nF    iiRKaoN. 


grciit-gniiiill'iitlior  Ncl^dii  win  l»urn  in   Iri'liuul, 
Hiid   his  jrreiit-grHiidriilhiT  Ailoii  was  u  imlivo  df 

Scnllllllll. 

'I'lif  suliject  of  (iiir  BJ^t'tcli  was  the  tiftociitli 
I'liilil,  ami  is  iiciw  one  of  tlm  fonr  siirvivorB  of 
tliirt  lari^ru  family,  llo  was  rearoil  on  liis  fatliiM-'H 
farm,  in  Illinois,  work  in;,' on  the  farm  in  siininii'r, 
and  walkin;^  two  ami  a  iialf  miles  to  a  lo;,'  school- 
iiowsc  in  winter,  thus  ohtaining  a  very  limited 
cdiication  under  most  adverse  ciri'iimstances. 
In  ISls,  the  year  of  the  diseoxery  of  ;;old  in 
California,  he  rciiciied  his  majority,  and.  tired  iiy 
the  f{lowiiiij  reports  from  that  fur  country,  he 
determiiu'cl,  in  18.")0,  to  test  their  merits,  and 
aceordinifly  set  forth  on  his  loii^  and  iierilons 
journey.  His  intention  at  the  time  was  to  re- 
main ill  the  We.st  but  for  a  eoiiiile  of  years, 
whereas  twenty-nine  lono  yeai's  elapsed  liefore 
he  recrosseil  tlu'  plain.'-  to  meetaoniii  his  neare-t 
iiiid  dearest  relatives  and  friends. 

While  in  California  he  was  located  in  the 
vicinity  of  I'hicerville,  where  lie  was  eii^'iiged  in 
teaming  from  August.  iH'M,  until  Fehruary, 
ISo'i.  His  first  $1,.">00  was  invested  in  oxen 
and  wagons,  with  which  to  carry  on  the  teaming 
liiisiness,  which  was  then  very  remunerative. 
After  some  time  iliey  were  all  stolen  from  him 
in  a  sinirle  night,  and  ho  Jiad  to  start  aifuin, 
which  he  did.  earning  and  saving  $'.,'. i)(MI,  of 
wIiIlIi  he  gaveifiT')  for  a  steerage  jiassage  on  the 
S'eamer,  (Joluniiiia.  to  Portland,  Oregon.  Tiiey 
H-ere  three  and  a  half  days  making  the  voyat,'e, 
owing  to  very  rough  weather.  e.\|ierienceil  on 
the  ocean,  and  he  was  so  seasick  that  one  potato 
Butiiced  him  during  the  i)a8Siii;e.  ( )n  arriviiKf 
at  Astoria,  he  was  not  favorably  impressed  with 
the  place,  so  he  secured  passage  on  the  Wil- 
lamette to  I'oi'tland,  which  coincidi^d  more  with 
his  views  of  a  city.  At  tirst  he  renteil  a  farm 
on  Tualitiii  plains,  but  finally  came  to  the 
vicinitj  of  Mc.^^innvilll•,  whore  he  purcliasd  ItiO 
acres  of  land,  giving  a  man  S2u()  for  his  claim, 
which  he  afterward  held  under  the  donation 
land  law.  lie  built  a  cabin,  into  which  he 
moved,  in  .\ugust.  Is."j2.  where  he  worked  and 
lived  alone  until  .Vpril.  18.")4,  w  hen  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  I.ncretia  !■].  Iiiirnett,  a  native  of 
Clay  county.  jMissonri.  where!  she  was  born  .Vpril 
3(1,'  1837.  '  She  was  a  daughter  of  (4.  W.  and 
S  A.  liiiinett,  and  a  niece  of  the  lion.  I'eter  II. 
Hurnett,  t!ie  tirst  governor  of  California,  and 
she  came  to  Oregon  in  184(). 

After  rcsidiiii;  here  for  tive  years  he  sold  out. 
mid  purchased  38.")  acres,  located  two  and  a  half 


miles  West  of  .McMiniiN  ille.  Mere  he  resided 
for  eighteen  years,  rearing  his  family  of  seven 
children,  improving  his  property,  erecting  on  it 
siibHtantial  buildings,  a  comfmtalile  residence, 
and  large  barns  for  grain  and  stoid;,  beside4 
highly  cultivating  the  land,  making  a  very  val- 
uable farm  of  it.  In  1877  he  retired  from  thin 
|)Iace,  and  built  a  pleasant  home  in  McMinii- 
ville,  where  he  has  sim^e  resided,  enjoying  a 
Well-earned  rest  from  the  arduous  labors  of  his 
yoiingi  r  years.  Here,  chcereil  by  the  society  of 
his  faithful  wife  ami  with  si.\  of  his  chililren 
near  him,  he  is  tasting  the  sweets  of  a  well- 
ordered  and  industrious  life.  Alice  .lane,  their 
oldest  (laughter,  wife  of  Mr.  Allen  Sludton.  died 
soon  litter  her  marriage;  Annie  I'urnett,  niiir- 
ried  .Mr.  William  A.  Harrison,  a  |irominent 
merchant  of  MeMinnville,  and  they  have  a  vi'ry 
pleasant  home  near  her  father's;  .Martha  liecaiiie 
the  wife_of  .Mr.  <i.  W.  llunsuckcr,  and  resides 
in  Linn  county;  .lohn  Holt  married  Miss  Lt^nora 
llunsuckcr,  who  died,  and  he  married  MissZilla 
Uanii(<,  and  is  a  successful  dentist,  of  McMinii- 
\  iUe;  Ira  (iates  is  a  telegra|ili  operator,  resid- 
ing in  Colorado;  Sidney  Katie  inarried  Mr.  H. 
F.  Ksicas.  a  ticket  agent;  and  I'reil  Frank  i.-  at 
home. 

Mr.  Nelson  owns  considerable  stock  in  some 
of  the  best  paying  enterprises  in  MeMinnville, 
being  interested  in  the  <i rangers'  store,  and  also 
in  the  creamery  and  cold  storage  company,  ami 
never  loses  :,;  iDportunity  to  aid  any  and  all 
enterprises  i'ltt^iil  ■  1  to  benefit  tlii^  farmer,  real- 
i/.ing  tliai  thut  is  ''ic  secret  of  a  city's  success. 

He  was  earjd  u  Democrat,  but  despised 
slavery,  and  i  ecame  a  Republican,  and  at  the 
time  of  the  war  was  a  strong  I'nioii  man.  He 
continued  a  Republican  until  late  in  life,  when 
he  considered  it  was  his  duty  to  take  a  stand 
against  intemperance,  and  is  now  identified  with 
llie  I'rohibition  Jiarty.  He  was  the  first  .Iiistice 
of  the  I'eace  elected  in  MeMinnville  precinct, 
which  at  that  tiiiu'  covered  four  of  the  present 
precincts. 

During  his  whole  life  he  has  been  interested 
in  wdiatever  concerned  farmers,  and  lias  taken 
an  active  interest  in  the  Grange,  having  been 
Master  of  the  lodge  and  Lecturer,  in  which 
capacity  he  has  traveleil  all  over  the  State,  speak- 
ing In  their  interest  and  advocating  the  advance- 
ment of  their  wtdfare. 

He  and  his  faithful  wife  are  worthy  meinhers 
of  the  Christian  Church,  of  which  he  is  one  of 
the  Killers. 


iia  i  I 


lllsroliy    OF    DKHiioN. 


1IM7 


It'  iiitciii|iui'aii('c  iiiid  tliu  fiii'incr  liiiii  ii  million 
I'rieiiilH  mill  mlMjciutuM  tilled  witli  the  /csil  id  our 
Hiibjci't,  what  inif^'iit  tliey  nut  iti'C!iini|ili»li  {  The 
nriiiricH  would  Idort^dui  uh  tlic  rosu,  mid  tlit'tillL-r 
of  the  Hoil  woulii  iiiiiurit  the  earth,  r('(i[)iiiif  tiie 
lieiictit  of  IiIh  toil;  wliili)  iiitcinpi'i'anci-,  tliiit 
liydra-h('ad(!d  iiioiiKtor.  would  he  Htrickuii  with 
(liMith,  and  wi'ithe  miiidst  the  }iolliiti(JU8  of  itd 
own  invention. 


— '^■4 


^ 


ASMUS  ?  I'.LSON,  an  intellijront  and  eii- 
ter|u'iHiii^  citizen  of  McMinnvilli-,  Ih  u  na- 
tive of  Denniarii,  from  which  country 
conies  some  of  our  hcst  and  ahlcst  nuui  and 
women.  In  this  small,  Imt  imnortnnt,  country 
bo  was  h(jni  Octoher  2S,  184u.  lli?:  parent* 
were  hotli  Danes,  and  i^eoplc  of  conceded  pro- 
hity,  and  spotless  reputation.  His  father  is  now 
iioldiiifi  the  otHce  of  Postmaster  of  his  native 
town,  the  duties  of  which  he  has  ahly  dischiirjjeil 
for  a  niiniher  of  years. 

The  snhjectof  our  .sketch  was  reared  and  ed- 
ucated in  his  native  town,  wdiere  he  afterward 
learned  the  trader  of  watron  and  carria<fe 
maker.  On  hecominir  of  age,  he,  like  so  many 
others  before  him  and  since,  became  desirous  of 
trying  his  fortune  iu  the  new  country  of  Amer- 
ica. Accordingly,  he  borrowed  part  of  his  pas- 
Buge  money,  and  with  a  heart  full  of  hopeful 
anticipations,  set  sail  for  the  '•  land  of  the  free 
and  tlie  homo  of  the  brave.""  Arrived  at  his 
destination,  heat  once  went  to  Hau  Claire,  Wis- 
consin, where  he  was  for  several  years  employed 
at  his  trade  as  a  jouineyman,  and  soon  had  the 
pleasure  of  remitting  the  money  lie  borrowed 
from  bis  friends  in  Denmark. 

Hy  industry  and  economy  he  soon  aceuinu- 
lated  sufficient  to  defray  his  expenses  to  the 
Paciric  coast,  of  which  he  had  heard  marvelous 
things  concerning  its  advantages.  Accordingly, 
in  iluly,  1869,  he  came  via  the  Union  Pacific 
Kailroad,  to  I'ortlaiul,  <  >regoii.  From  there  he 
went  to  Salem,  where  he  worked  for  a  short 
time  at  his  trade.  He  then  came  to  ^loMinn- 
villi',  where  he  worked  for  a  year  and  a  lialf  for 
Mr.  Norton,  when  he  purchaseil  his  emjilover's 
shoj),  and  began  business  for  himself,  which  he 
has  ever  since  continued,  liy  close  attention 
to  buainess  and  satisfactory  ami  reliable  work. 
his  business  grew  from  year  to  yitar,  and  in  ad- 
dition to  this,  his  uniformlv  courteous  and  cor- 


dial manmjr,  roudei'-'il  him  ii  very  great  favorite 
ill  the  conuniitiily,  nnd  he  becanu'  one  of  its 
most  inlliiential  bnsine'S  men. 

Mr.  .Nelson  fiu'ine  1  a  partnership  with  Mr. 
(/.  D.  .lohnsmi,  a  leading  blaoksmith  of  the  city, 
and  together  tiiey  made  goiid  and  substantial 
carriages  ami  wagons,  both  of  u  hich  were  in  de- 
mand, and  from  tliu  sale  of  which  they  realised 
a  handsome  proHt,  with  a  constantly  increasing 
trade. 

Mr.  Nelson  now  owns  a  valual>le  lot  and  >hop 
on  Ii  street,  besides  which  he  has  puridiasnd  laud 
in  an  attractive  part  of  the  city,  on  which  ho 
has  erected  a  substantial  residence,  which  ho 
lia-t  surrounded  with  grounds  tastefully  laiil  out 
and  oniaineute  1  with  tretM  and  flowering  shrubs, 
the  whole  being  suggestive  of  comfort  and  ro- 
tinement. 

In  lS7ii  he  was  married  to  Mi-s  Uansena 
Chriatena  Hansen,  a  native  of  (iormany,a  lady 
of  education  and  retini'mont.  They  have  live 
intelligent  children,  all  of  whom  retiect  credit 
on  their  native  city  and  State. 

Mr.  Nelson  is  jjolitically  a  Ilepublican,  al- 
though taking  no  active  part  in  politics  other 
than  desiring  the  welfare  of  his  adopted  coun- 
try. Ho  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
and  also  of  the  A.  <  >.  l'.  W.,  of  which  latter 
society  he  is  now  .Master. 

Having  for  twenty-two  years  successfully 
done  business  in  McMinnvine,  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  he  should  bi>  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
his  fa\orite  city.  He  is  one  of  this  ciiy"s  nio.st  en- 
terprising busine-is  inon,  and  never  misses  an 
opportunity  to  contribute  to  her  U|il)iMing  and 
general  prospei'ity.  These  commendable  i|uali- 
ties  are  universally  appreciated  by  his  fellow 
citizens,  who  vie  with  each  other  in  their 
general  indorsement  of  respect  and   good-will. 

^►^-==j.-.^{-€:^. — :  ■«■ 

:iLIJAM  XESMITH,  a  native  son  of 
Polk  county,  was  born  on  the  ohl  home- 
stead, which  he  now  owns,  and  where 
lie  now  resides,  July  10,  1859.  II'.s  father, 
Colonel  James  Willis  Nesmith,  was  a  native  of 
Missouri,  born  in  1820.  Their  ancestors  emi- 
grated from  Londonderry,  county  Diuiegal, 
Ireland,  lo  America,  ](revioiis  to  the  Itevoln- 
tionarv  war.  Colonel  .Nesmith  was  reared  in 
his  native  State,  until  1813,  when  !.<_■  crossed 
the  plains  as  captain  of  the  company  that  crossed 


H 


i 


,\  Hi 


1: 

I 


1188 


niSTORY    Of    OREOON. 


that  year,  lie  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and 
his  worldly  possessions  consisted  of  a  rifle  and 
Ilia  saddle  liorse,  iiiit  as  lie  was  a  single  man,  it 
was  easy  for  bini  to  snpport  himself  by  working 
at  his  trade.  Ho  carried  on  his  trade  at  Ore- 
gon City  for  some  time,  and  then  came  to  Vo\k 
county,  purchased  the  Foster  donation  claim, 
three  n  iles  sonthwest  of  Kici<reall,  and  later  be 
purchased  tlie  James  O'Neal  Flouring  iMill,  at 
llickreall.  lie  married  Miss  Sauline  (lotf,  a 
native  of  Missouri,  daujjhter  of  David  Goff,  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  and  an  honored  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1844.  lie  took  his  donation  claim 
on  the  llickreall,  and  was  a  widely  and  favor- 
ably known  pioneer.  Ilis  death  occurred  in 
1874,  in  his  seventy-sixth  year.  Ilis  wife  bad 
already  died  in  18G4.  Ilis  grandsons,  James 
and  William  Nesmith,  now  reside  on  their 
grandfather's  donation  claim. 

('olonel  Nesmith  ran  his  flouring  mill  for 
many  years,  and  was  very  successful  in  all  bis 
enterprises.  lie  purchased  a  h.!')^i,  tract  of  the 
valuable  hmd  in  that  vicinity,  and  at  one  time 
was  tiio  owner  of  about  1,U00  acres.  He  was  a 
man  of  generous  impulses,  and  during  bis  life 
gave  employment  and  aid  to  many  a  needy 
pioneer.  So  great  was  liis  kindness  to  those  in 
need,  tliat  he  was  highly  esteemed  throughout 
the  entire  Northwest.  In  political  nritters  he 
was  very  prominent,  inclining  toward  Demo- 
cratic convictions,  and  be  took  an  active  part 
in  the  affairs  of  '^^regon  during  the  time  it  was 
beinir  transformed  into  a  State.  He  served  as 
Judge  of  the  Provisional  Government;  Repre- 
sentative in  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  was 
a  mcniber  of  the  Constitutional  Convention 
that  framed  the  State  Constitution.  After  this 
be  was  elected  *o  re|)resent  tiie  young  State  he 
had  aided  in  founding  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  it.  18(il.  In  1872  he  was  eleeied  a 
memlier  of  t^ongress,  but  after  serving  his  term 
he  retired  to  liis  homo  and  devoted  his  attention 
to  bis  large  private  interests.  He  was  the 
fouixler  of  the  town  of  Derry,  and  gave  it  its 
name,  in  honor  of  the  town  from  which  his 
family  sprang.  His  death  occurred,  Jannaiy  17, 
18S().  His  wife  survived  him  until  18110.  tiiey 
are  both  buried  in  a  beautiful  spot  on  the  Kick- 
reall,  tlu^  place  be  had  himself  selected  on  the 
donation  claim,  and  so  much  ilid  tlie  On-gon 
Legislature  think  of  him,  as  one  of  their  noblest 
and  best  citizi'ns,  that  they  made  an  appropria- 
tion for  a  monument  to  be  erected  to  his 
memory,    l)nt    bis   children    at    their   own   ex- 


pense erected  one,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000.  He 
was  a  plain,  honest,  wholesome  and  impartial 
man,  loving  and  indulgent  to  his  family,  kind 
and  hospitable  to  bis  neighbors,  and  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  the  State.  Ilis  family,  know- 
ing his  tastes  and  his  aversion  to  anything  like 
display,  erected  t(>  him  such  a  monument  as  they 
know  would  be  in  accord  with  his  spirit  of  in- 
dependence and  unassuming  ideas.  The  noble 
pioneer  rests  in  the  land  he  labored  to  obtain, 
in  the  great  State  of  which  be  was  one  of  the 
founders.  Nine  children  were  born  to  Senator 
and  Mrs.  Nesmith,  of  whom  four  only  are  liv- 
ing, namely:  Mary  Jane,  wife  of  Levi  Ankeny, 
resides  in  Walla  Walla;  Harriet  K.,  wife  of  L. 
L.  McArthur,  a  prominent  member  of  the  bar 
of  Oregon,  (see  Judge  McArthur's  hiftory,  in 
this  book);  Valine  I'.,  wife  of  William  Moleson, 
resides  in  Rickreall,  on  a  farm  which  was  left  to 
her  from  her  father's  estate;  .lames  ISusb,  and 
William  Golf,  now  own  the  donation  claim 
owned  by  thei    grandfather,  Mr.  Goff. 

James  Hush  has  kindly  furnished  the  data  for 
this  brief  sketch  of  his  honored  father  and  his 
family.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his 
county,  and  in  the  Portland  Husiness  College. 
He  has  spent  the  whole  of  bis  lil'e,  however,  on 
the  farm  on  which  he  was  reared,  and  of  wb'ch 
be  now  owns  253  acres. 

Mr.  Nesmith  married  Georgia  Clark,  a  na- 
tive daughter  of  Oregon,  born  in  his  own  county, 
daughter  of  W.  E.  Clark,  an  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1852.  Tl?y  have  one  son,  Lin  Willis.  Mr. 
Nesmith  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  resides 
on  the  homestead  of  bis  ancestors,  and  ho  loves 
and  reveres  the  mcniorv  of  bis  father,  and 
grandfather,  and  is  justly  proud  of  both  his 
county  and  State. 


fHAllI.ES  T.  XKKP,  a  successful  Wash- 
ington (!Ounty  farmer,  now  residing  in 
Cornelius,  Oregon,  is  a  native  of  Wiscon- 
sin, born  May  '5,  1854.  His  father,  Charles 
Neep,  was  born  in  England,  in  1815,  and  was 
educated  in  his  native  land,  and  learned  the 
wagon-makers'  trade.  He  marrie(l  Theodocia 
Hocking,  of  England.  'I'hey  came  to  America 
in  1851.  and  settled  in  Wisconsin,  where  they 
resided  until  1872.  and  then  weiit  to  Oregon, 
and  settled  at  Forest  (irove.  They  brought  Ave 
children  with   them   to  Oregon,  miniely:    John 


HISTORY    OF    OREGON. 


118U 


f  $1,000.     Ho 
and   impartial 
s  fiiinily,  kind 
and  devoted  to 
family,  know- 
aii3  thing  like 
nunentas  tiiey 
8  spirit  of  in- 
IS.     The  noble 
red  to  (jhtaiii, 
•as  one  of  the 
)i'n  to  Senator 
only  are  liv- 
I..evi  Ankeny, 
K.,  wife  of  L. 
ler  of  the  bar 
r's  liiKtory,  in 
lliiitn  Mol'osoii, 
lich  was  left  to 
es   Hush,  and 
)nation    claim 
tuff. 

d  the  data  for 
atlier  and  his 
ehools  of  his 
ness  College. 
',  however,  on 
and  of  wh'"o,h 

Clark,  a  na- 

sown  eonnty, 

;on  j)ioiieer  of 

Willis.     Mr. 

He   resides 

and  hfi  loves 

father,    and 

of  both   his 


'ihh\\  Wash- 
residing  in 
i  of  AViscon- 
ther.  Charles 
Uo,  and  was 
h'arned  the 
il  'I'iieodoeia 
I  to  America 
,  wiiere  they 
i  to  Oregon, 
bronght  five 

"ely:     John 

» 


Alfred,  William,  Charles  T.;  and  Kanni !  T.,  now 
Mrs.  'J'honias  Talbtit.  The  father  lived  on  a 
farm  at  Forest  drove  for  seven  years,  and  then 
retired  fro.n  active  business,  and  now  lives  at 
Cornelins,  where  he  und  his  wife  are  spending 
the  evening  of  their  useful  and  industrious  life. 
Charles  T.  was  the  fourth  ehild,  and  he  v.as 
in  his  eighteenth  year  when  he  arriveil  in  Ore- 
gon. He  fanned  on  rented  land  until  188(5, 
when  he  ])urcbased  217  acres  of  laud,  three  miles 
east  of  llillsboro,  the  purchase  price  being 
$+,500.  He  resided  on  this  property  a  few 
years,  and  then  sold  it  for  ^l(),()0U.  He  next 
went  to  Corn(iliu8   and   purchased    forty  acres, 

i'oining  the  town,  and  also  several  town  lots. 
le  liuilt  a  good  residence  on  the  new  purchase, 
and  aho  a  large  barn,  «nd  is  doing  a  successful 
business. 

He  married  Irena  Ennis,  of  Oregon,  in  lS77. 
Slie  is  t'  e  danirhter  of  Allen  Ermis,  an  Oreifor. 
piouL.T.  Five  children  have  been  added  to  this 
union,  namely:  Annie,  Minnie,  (leorgie,  Tracy 
and  Henry.  Mrs.  Neep  died  on  April  11, 1891. 
She  was  one  of  the  best  women,  a  faithful  wife 
and  an  indulgent  mother,  and  her  loss  has  been 
felt  very  keenly  by  her  hnsband  and  children. 
They  have  the  sympathy  of  all  their  friends. 
Mr.  Xeep  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  lie  is 
an  enterprising  citizen,  and  interests  himself  in 
everything  intended  to  benetit  Oregon,  tlie  State 
of  his  adoption. 


HS.  LHCRETIA  OVEIiTUitF.  nee 
Whitrimore,  of  Milton,  I'matilla 
county,  Oregon,  was  l)orn  at  Eugene, 
I>ane  county,  Oregon,  November  20,  1854,  her 
father  being  McDouough  Whittemore,  a  native 
of  New  l\)rk.  He  was  married  to  Nancy  Bow- 
Mian,  a  native  of  Illinois;  emigrated  with  her 
to  Oregon,  in  1853,  settling  at  Eugene,  where 
he  worked  at  bis  trade  of  a  bhicksmith,  until  his 
death,  in  1882,  aged  tifty-four  years;  his  wife 
following,  in  1887,  aged  si.xty  three  years. 
They  were  parents  of  ten  children,  the  sui)j''ct 
of  this  sketch  being  next  to  the  youngest. 

I.ucretia  Whittemore,  of  this  l>iography,met, 
in  1873,  Hon.  F.  M.  Crockett,  of  Pendleton,  thei< 
County  Clerk  of  Pmatilla  county,  at  Pendletun, 
and  was  marricil  to  him  .July  (i,  187i5.  Mr. 
Crockett  had  then  tilled  two  terms,  and  bad  just 
been  elected  a  third  time.  He  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee,   having    been  born  near  Xashville, 


June  1,  1834.  In  the  fall  of  18(;0  he  luft  his 
home  for  Vreka,  ('alifornia.  in  response  to  a  let- 
ter from  his  bi'other,  E.  S.  Crockett,  who  at 
that  time  was  in  the  black8mi''iing  busiiu's<  at 
Yreka. 

Mr.  F.  M.  Crockett  remained  in  northern  Cidi- 
fornia  for  a  year,  working  in  the  mines,  mn't- 
ing  with  very  good  success,  but  on  account  ot  ill 
health  was  compelled  to  leave.  He  then  came 
to  Oregon  and  settled  for  a  tinu'  inJAIbany,  and, 
on  recovering  his  usual  health,  he  went  to  Flor- 
ence, Idaho,  whfc  e  he  engaged  in  mining  dur- 
ing the  brief  excitement  in  that  camp.  He 
went  from  there  to  MoiseCity  in  186ii,  and  thence 
to  the  Willanu'tte  valley,  where  he  followed 
farming  for  one  season.  In  the  fall  (^f  18(i4  he 
removed  to  Butter  Creek,  Umatilla  county, 
where  he  bouslit  a  farm,  on  wiiich  he  remained 
until  187(5,  at  which  place  he  resided  whe!i  first 
elected  County  Clerk. 

At  the  regular  Uemocratic  convention,  'n 
1872,  Mr.  Crockett.  Nathan  I'iercc,  Hugh  Mc- 
.Vrtliur  and  James  Moore  were  candidates  for 
the  position  of  County  Clei'kof  Umatill,.  county. 
It  was  arranged  between  Messrs.  Crockett  and 
Pierce  that  the  one  who  should  receive  the  least 
number  (jf  votes  on  first  ballot  would  withdraw 
in  favor  of  the  other.  Pierce  withdrew,  Crock- 
ett was  nominated  and  subseijuentlv  elected  by 
a  vote  of  the  people.  After  serv  ig  the  first 
term,  Mr.  Crockt^tt  was  again  nominated  and 
re-elected  by  a  large  nuijority.  Before  the 
term  h.id  expired  he  resigned, on  iiccount  of  fail- 
ing health,  and  a  successor  was  appointed,  lut 
Mr.  Crockett  A'as  still  retained  by  the  court 
during  its  session.-;  until  the  expiration  of  the 
term.  11^  then  sold  his  land  on  Putter  creek 
and  bought  a  ranch  of  240  acres,  situated  three 
miles  north  of  Milton,  which  he  began  to  im- 
irove  to  fruit  culture  and  where  be  made  his 
Jioiue. 

During  the  winter  of  188(i  Mr.  Crockett  was 
strongly  favored  by  the  peophi  of  Eastern  l,'m- 
atilla  as  a  'andidate  for  Representative  to  the 
l.(^gislature.  This  was  unsolicited  by  him,  but 
Ka-tern  rmatillawaslin  need  of  an  honest  man  - 
a  man  who,  although  unassuming  and  not  ,i 
leader  of  men,  could  be  dejiended  on  when  the 
liallot  was  cast.  Thus  was  Mr.  Crockett  put 
forward  and  subsequently  elected  to  the  memor- 
able f.egislature  of  188G-'87.  Well  did  he  de- 
serve the  confidence  placed  in  him,  and  it  was, 
in  |)art,  due  to  his  honest  but  silent  work,  that 
such  a  rousing  majority  for  the  great  and  press- 


UiiO 


ntsToHT  OF  oiiKaok. 


iiig  need  of  divibion,  grcctiMl  him  in  the  House 
of  Kcpreseiitutives.  And  liad  this  true-lu'iii'ted 
man  lived  until  another  year  had  passed,  the 
legislative  halls  would  liave  again  echoed  his 
cjuift  "llere,"inans\verto  the  daily  roll-call  V>\\t 
his  health,  none  too  good  for  years,  gave  com- 
])lete!y   away,  ami  he  died   February  !i5,   1887. 

Mr.  (I'ockett  was  mourned  by  a  host  of 
friends,  lie  was  a  man  who  could  illy  be  spared 
from  any  community  with  which  he  might  have 
been  identided.  He  was  strictly  honest,  but 
very  unassuming;  active  in  business  and  poli- 
tics, but  quiet  and  not  given  to  buncombe;  in- 
telligent and  learned,  but  still  of  the  common 
jx'ople;  in  fact,  a  man  whose  name  will  always 
cairy  with  it  the  memory  of  honesty,  integrity 
and  uprightness  among  those  who  knew  him 
best,  lie  was  buried  in  the  Valley  Cemetery, 
and  his  funeral  was  the  most  largely  attended 
one  ever  witnessed  in  his  vicinity,  thus  mutely 
testifying  to  his  widespread  popularity  and  ster- 
ling worth  of  character. 

Mrs.  Crockett  was  left  a  widow  with  live 
children  and  another  was  born  soon  after  his 
death.  The  names  (jf  the  children  are;  Clyde, 
Myrtle,  Edith,  (irace,  Pansy,  who  dietl  April 
2(5, 188f<;and  Frances,  whodied  January  7, 1889. 

Mr.  Crockett  was  a  poor  boy  when  he  came 
AVestand  was  compelled  to  work  hard  foraliving; 
but  soon  accumulated  enough  to  go  into  busi- 
ness fo-  ^  mIT,  and  before  his  death  had  made 
"•.ih^Meiii  T  (e  ve  his  wife  and  children  in  coiu- 
'n-.r\  !i;  v.ii  instances,  leaving  an  estate  that 
is  -..)rt!.  Ill  181-3,  $50,000.  The  farm  is 
adaptei.  to  the  raising  of  fruit,  including  all 
kinds  of  berries,  a  great  variety  of  all  kinds 
having  been  planted  by  liim  before  his  death. 

The  subject  of  this  notice  was  ini.rried  a  sec- 
ond time  to  .\.  J.  Overturf,  August  12,  1890, 
he  being  a  native  of  ^[issouri,  who  came  to 
Oregon  in  1889.  He  is  a  practical  agriculturist 
and  conducts  the  home  farm. 


^-^ 


m^ 


(UWIX  ('rMMIN(;S,  one  of  the  honest 
pioneers  of  <  Iregon  in  1852,  now  deceased, 
was  b(}rn  in  Steuben  county,  New  York, 
in  '1810.  His  j)eiiple  were  early  settlei's  in  that 
State.  He  removed  to  Michigan  and  from  there 
to  Illinois,  where,  in  18:iSI,  he  married  Miss 
Martha  Jaiu'  Uird.  Her  father,  mother  and 
family  emigrated  to  Oregon  in  18  11.  and  in  18.")'2 


Air.  Cnnimings.  his  wife  and  two  children, 
Annie  and  Steuben,  also  came  to  Oregon  and 
the  journey  was  a  safe  one. 

Our  subject  stopped  at  Irene  City,  where  he 
ke|)t  store  for  a  year,  and  then  came  to  Washing- 
ton county,  and  took  a  donation  claim  in  the 
woods,  where  he  built  a  log  cabin.  They  !iad 
but  little  to  do  with,  but  his  faithful  wife  cared 
for  the  children,  and  he  worked  f.c  bricklaying 
in  Portland,  as  he  was  an  e.\pert  at  this  trade, 
but  in  those  early  days  Mrs.  Ciu  ninings  often 
longed  for  the  comfortable  homo  she  had  left 
and  shed  many  useless  tears,  bu'  as  the  years 
went  on  Mr.  Cummings  prospered  'ind  improved 
his  land,  and  comforts  came  to  the  wilderness. 

Mr.  (,'umniings  was  a  Republican  in  his  poli- 
tics and  a  most  worthy  and  reliable  man.  and  one 
of  those  whose  sup|)ort  of  the  Union  was  open 
and  pronounced.  On  April  (!,  1885,  lie  died, 
lamented  by  all  who  knew  him.  as  he  had  led  a 
good  life,  and  wan  very  highly  respected.  Oidy 
two  of  the  children  ai'e  now  living.  The  eldest 
daughter  is  the  wife  of  John  L.  Fuller,  and  re- 
sides in  Clarke  county,  Washington;  Ivouisa  is 
the  wife  Joseph  Galbraith,  and  lier  mother  re- 
sides with  her  on  the  old  donation  claim.  Mrs. 
Cummings  still  enjoys  quite  good  health,  and 
is  one  of  the  ]>lea8aut  pioneer  women  of  large 
experience,  who  has  made  many  an<l  true  friends 
by  her  kindness  of  heart  and  sympathetic  nature. 

fAiNIEL  THOMPSON  PHILLIPS,  of 
Hillsborough,  came  to  Oregon  in  1856. 
He  is  a  native  of  St.  Clair  county,  Illinois, 
born  July  'J7.  18:2:5.  His  father.  Samuel  Phillips, 
was  a  native  of  .North  Carolina,  born  in  1797. 
The  family  originated  in  Wales,  and  emigrated 
to  .\nierica  previous  to  the  Revolution.  .lohn 
Philliiis  fought  in  the  war  for  independeneo. 
Mr.  Phillips'  mother  was  a  Me'ntableThoni])son, 
of  Lincoln  county.  Maine,  born  in  1805.  They 
had  thirteen  chiMren.  eleven  of  whom  grow  to 
maturity,  and  seven  still  survive.  The  suiiject 
of  this  sketch  was  the  elilest  child,  and  he  was 
e<lucated  in  St.  ('lair  county,  and  for  several 
years  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brooms, 
and  later  lei.cned  an<l  followed  t''e  trad<'  of  iirick- 
layer.  After  he  went  to  ( tregon  ho  f-'itiUd  on 
2-iO  acres  of  land  i!i  Washington  eouu'y  in  18.'>7, 
and  he  paid  !?1,000  for  it,  and  a  liltie  hitt.r  sold 
it  with  a  gain  of  8100.      With  this  money  he 


SM.. 


HISTOUr    OF    OR  BOON. 


mi 


1    cliildivii, 
'rt'iTon  imcJ 


pureliahetl  a  lialf-sectiuii  of  lund  twoand  oue-liall' 
miles  west  of  Hillsborough.  It  cost  in  18()5, 
$l,;i50.  Here  he  lived  and  im[)roved  the  prop- 
erty until  it  became  one  of  the  finest  farms  of 
the  county,  and  now  (1892)  its  value  is  ^'JO  per 
acre.  Ue  still  owns  200  acres  of  the  orii;inal 
purchase.  In  December,  18U1,  he  retired  from 
the  farm,  and  purchased  a  place  in  Hillsborough. 
He  has  other  property  interests,  including  a 
businesss  lot  and  building,  and  is  conducting  a 
harness-making  establishment. 

He  was  married  on  the  17th  day  of  April,  1845, 
to  Miss  Martha  Tate,  of  Tennessee.  She  came 
with  her  parents  to  Illinois  in  1S29,  when  she 
was  two  years  old  and  she  was  raised  in  the  same 
State.  David  Tate,  her  father,  was  in  the  war  of 
1812.  Mr.  anil  Mrs.  Thillips  have  had  twelve 
children,  ten  of  whom  are  living.  Mary  Jajie, 
now  ilrs.  C.  W.  Purden,  is  the  eldest  daughter; 
and  she  had  nine  children,  and  is  now  a  widow; 
Alonzo  is  married,  and  has  four  children;  Kllen 
married  (t.  ^Vickers,  and  has  six  children;  Sarah 
ie  the  wife  of  D.  Smith,  and  has  si.x  children; 
Millie  mari'ied  M.  W.  Shear;  George  W.  is  ]iiar- 
ried;  Emma  is  now  Mrs.  Jackson  Ford,  and  has 
four  children;  Charles  W.  is  married,  and  has 
one  child.  The  two  youngest  sons  are  Alliert 
T.  and  Franklin  W.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Phillips 
have  been  married  forty-seven  years,  and  they 
both  enjoy  good  healtli.  They  have  thirty 
grandchildren  in  addition  to  tiieir  ten  children. 
Tlay  have  reared  this  large  family  to  be  indus- 
trious and  honest,  ami  they  are  a  comfort  to  the 
declining  years  of  their  worthy  parents.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  1.  ().  ().  F.,  and  has  always 
been  a  Democrat  in  polities.  He  is  a  reliable 
citizen  of  the  great  State  in  which  helms  resided 
for  so  loiiii. 


> 


fC  HEED,  Fish  Commissioner  of  As- 
toria, was  born  in  Sagadahoc  county, 
*  Maine,  in  1847,  a  son  of  Crosby  Reed, 
a  ahip-carpenter  and  farmer  by  occupation.  He 
learned  the  earpenters'  trade  when  ii  yi'ung  nniii, 
but  from  the  cumpletion  of  his  education,  until 
twenty-eight  years  of  age,  he  foil,  wed  logging 
on  the  river.  March  28,  l^i75,  he  nnvrried 
llattie  E.  Webb,  and  A|)ril  1,  of  the  same  year, 
he  started  for  Oregon.  Like  many  other  suc- 
cessful men  of  Astoria,  Mr.  llt^ed  engaged  in 
fishing  for  one  season,  and  later  worked  at  his 
trade,      ile  then  formed  a  joint-stock  company, 


called  the  Fisherman's  Canning  Company,  the 
first  stock  company  on  the  river,  the  members 
being  C.Tim  mens,  P).(  lallagher,  James  Williams 
and  Pen  Young.  He  then  built  the  White 
Star  Cannery,  with  Alessrs.  Timmons,  (iallagher 
and  Prakke,  but  two  yeai's  latter  went  to  Alas- 
ka, where  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Cape 
Fox  J'acking  Com[)aiiy  from  April  until  Octo- 
ber, 1886.  lieturning  to  Astoria,  he  was  elected 
to  the  otHce  of  Fish  Commissioner,  February  18, 
1887,  and  has  succeeded  himself  ever  since. 
He  is  president  of  the  Poard,  which  consists  of 
U.  C.  Campbell,  of  Painier,  and  G.  T.  Myers, 
of  Portland.  In  1882  Mr.  Reed  was  elected  by 
a  large  majority  to  the  State  Senate,  where  he 
served  four  years,  and  the  district  was  then  coni- 
po.sed  of  Clatsop,  ('olumbiaand  Tillamook  coun- 
ties. Politically,  he  afWliates  with  the  Repub- 
lican party,  butisa  jwpularman  with  all  parties; 
and  socially,  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, the  Odd  Fellows  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
He  lost  his  first  wife  in  1880;  and  in  1882  he 
married  ^[iss  Myra  A.  Whitney,  a  native  of 
Freeman,  Maine.  They  reside  in  Ffiper  Asto- 
ru),  where  .Nfr.  Peed  owns  valuable  city  property. 

UPTAIN  G.  PEED,aC.,lnmbia  river  pilot 
'**■  between  Astoria  anil  Portland,  is  a  native 
of  Freeport,  Maine,  born  in  1839.  His  an- 
cesti'y  were  among  the  pioneers  of  that  State, 
his  grandfather  serving  in  the  war  of  1812. 
The  parents  of  our  subject,  Edward  and  Mary 
\.  (Pandall)  Keed,  were  both  nati\-es  of  Maine. 
Mr.  Peed  followed  the  si'a  during  his  early  life, 
but  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  for  the 
remainder  of  his  days. 

Caj)tain  Peed  resided  with  his  parents  until 
his  sixteenth  year,  and  then  8hij)])ed  before  the 
mast  on  the  brig  Lauretta,  owned  by  parties  re- 
siding in  Freeport,  but  sailing  between  Boston 
and  Savannah,  returning  to  New  York,  where 
the  subject  shipped  on  the  bark  Palestine,  and 
made  one  voyage  to  the  West  Indies,  and  then 
as  third  mate  sailed  upoTi  the  same  bark  for 
Melbourne,  Australia.  From  there  he  sailed  to 
San  Francisco,  which  he  reached  May  5,  1859. 
He  then  retired  from  the  sea  ami  went  to  the 
gold  mines  in  southern  Oregon,  where  he  re- 
mained for  two  years,  with  fair  success.  In 
18()(l  he  cast  his  first  vote,  at  Chetco,  for  Abra- 
ham Lincoln.  In  18(51  he  went  to  the  Oro  Fino 
mines,  in  Idaho,  and  remained  there  about  eight- 


1193 


tltSTORY    Oh'   OimiON. 


ei'ii  montl's;  not  lieincr  siK'cessfiil,  ho  witlidrew 
(Hid  went  to  I'ortliiml.  ivlifi-e  lio  was  various- 
ly einployt'd  unMl  1S05,  wlien  he  eiiifapeil 
ii3  deck  liand  on  a  >teainlioat  upon  tlic  Col.ini- 
liia  river,  shipping  upon  the  -lohn  II.  ('ouch, 
running  between  I'orthmd  and  Astoria.  As 
deck  hand,  mate  and  master  lie  followed  ■  '»,n- 
hoating  until  1><7().  During  the  latter 
while  master  of  the  Okaiiagan,  he  towetl  '.. 
MontironuM-y  Ca:tle  from  Astoria  to  Portland. 
This  was  the  first  iroTi  ship  that  ever  came  up 
the  Columbia  river.  In  1S70  the  Captain  retired 
from  steamboating  life  to  engage  in  piloting  be- 
tween Astoria  and  Portland,  in  which  business 
he  is  still  engaged.  lie  looks  after  all  the  steam- 
ers of  the  I'nion  Steamship  Company  of  Yan- 
coHver,  Hritish  Columbia,  the  Sitka  steamers 
and  all  steamers  of  the  Oregon  Improvement 
Coin])any,  which  come  to  Portland. 

The  Captain  wai  married,  in  .Vstoria,  Febru- 
ary 22,  1870,  to  Miss  Kosetta  Nolan,  a  native 
of  Illinois,  and  daughter  of  Michael  Nolan,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1852  and  farmer  of  Clatsop 
county .  (.'aj)tain  and  Mrs.  Kee-l  have  four  chil- 
dren, namely:  Edward  C,  Nancy  (i.,  William  li. 
and  Klizabcth  1!.  The  family  reside  at  Astoria, 
corner  of  Third  an<l  Madison  streets. 

The  Cai)tain  is  one  of  the  incorporators  and 
the  President  of  the  Odd  Fellow's  Land  and 
I'uilding  Association  and  member  of  the  I.  O. 
().  I'".,  also  of  Columliia  Harbor,  No.  22,  and 
Urotherhood  of  Masters  and  i'ilots.  He  is  a 
stockholder  of  the  .Vstoria  Building  it  Loan 
Association.  As  a  pilot  his  reputation  stands 
high  for  caution  and  shrewdness,  and  as  a  citi- 
zen   he  is  respected  by  all  #ho  know  him. 

— ^m^m^^^— 

[YLVKSTKR  POTTER,  an  early  jiioneer 
of  Oregon,  ami  one  of  Sheridan  s  most 
successful  imsineas  nuui,  wns  l)orn  in  .\i,w 
York,  A]iril  3,  isUC.  His  father,  Erastus  Pot- 
ter, a  native  of  the  tame  State,  was  born  .lune 
7.  isH.  (irandfatber  Harden  Potter  was  born 
in  Ubode  Island,  and  was  of  English  ancestry. 
Mr.  Potter's  father  was  a  volunteer  soldier  in 
the  war  of  1S12.  He  married  Miss  Martha 
Hurkee,  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  a  daugbtiu' 
of  Adin  Durkee,  the  Du'-kces  being  early  set- 
tlers of  .New  Englaml.  Sylvester  is  the  oldest 
of  their  four  children.  Ip  1844  the  fai  ily 
moved  to  Wisconsin,  and  in    the   primitive   log 


schoolhouses  of  that  State  he  received  his  early 
education.  At  the  age  of  jighteen  lie  began  to 
teach  school.  He  subsequently  entered  the 
academy  ai,  ( >shkosli,  and  by  working  ijid  teach- 
ing was  enabled  to  advance  his  education. 

Early  in  life  Mr.  Potter's  attention  was  di- 
rected toward  Oregon,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
'iree,  on  the  last  day  of  March,  185'J,  he  left 

shkosh,  and  started  on  the  long  overland  jour- 
cy  to  this  State.  He  arrived  at  Portland  Oc- 
tober 1,  after  six  months  of  travel,  and  at  that 
time  Lis  only  capital  was  his  willing  hands,  ami 
his  determination  to  succeed  in  life.  For  two 
years  he  was  employed  in  cutting  8awlog3  at 
§1.10  per  1,000,  and  one  year  he  hauled  cord 
wood  for  the  steamboats.  In  the  spring  of 
1^02,  lured  by  the  jjrospects  of  the  gold  mines, 
he  .Weill  to  the  Salmon  river  country,  and  miiiod 
at  F'lorence  City.  After  four  years'  experience 
in  the  mines,  during  which  time  he  made  n 
more  than  good  wages,  he  returned  to  Port- 
land. 

.\fter  his  return  'o  IVrtland,  Mr.  Potter  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Mrs.  Elsie  Southnayd,  a 
native  of  Ohio,  and  a  dautjhter  of  Dr.  William 
Caples.  Dr.  Ca[)les  and  his  family  came  to 
Oregon  in  ISIO.  An  incident  connected  with 
their  o\erland  j<jiirney  may  here  be  related  as 
showing  the  pluck  and  courage  of  the  pioneer 
girls.  The  Doctor  was  stricken  with  mountain 
fever,  was  very  low,  and  the  family  were  much 
alarmed  concerning  his  condition.  At  this  junc- 
ture of  affairs,  when  evi-i-ytliing  looked  (!ark  to 
them,  a  young  man  who  was  driving  for  them 
tried  to  win  Miss  Elsie's  consent  to  be  his  wife, 
and  threatened  that  if  she  refust'd  lie  woTild 
not  help  her  father  any  more.  She  declined, 
however,  and  he  took  his  horse  out  of  the  train 
and  left  the  party.  Nothing  daunted  she 
shouldered  the  ox  whip,  and  drove  a  team  to 
the  end  of  the  journey. 

After  their  marriage,  Mr.  Potter  built  a 
wharf  on  the  Willamette,  six  miles  below  Port- 
land, where  he  was  for  some  time  successfully 
eiitiao'ed  ii.  fiirnishinji-  wood  liv  contract  to  the 
steamboats,  lie  then  purchasecl  (JOO  acres  of 
land,  ?our  miles  north  of  Sheridan,  where,  for 
eleven  years,  he  carried  on  fa"uiing  and  stock- 
raising.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  set- 
tled in  Sheridan,  and  has  since  conducted  a 
.varehoiise  business,  buying  and  shipping  grain. 
In  188(1  he  and  his  son  ('ugaged  in  the  general 
mercantile  business  in  Sh(>ri(lan.  He.  however, 
siioii    sold    his   .ntcrest    to   Allison  &  Sanders. 


nisTOHY  Oh'  ouEaoy. 


linn 


Kollowiiif^  arc  tlio  iianics  of  Mr.  mid  ^Ii-s.  let- 
ter's cliildrun:  Marvin  L.,  wlio  is  inarriud  and 
rcsidos  on  a  farm;  Waitur  i'lriiest.  (Mi,.;a;;od  in 
l)usiiiess  in  Slierid.in;  Ida  Mai'tlia,  wife  ,if  Kd- 
wanl  Y.  ('liiircii,  I'ortlaml:  and  Ad;»  Elsie, 
wlio  resides  witii  lior  iiareiits. 

Mr.  I'utter  is  proniineiitiy  identified  witii 
tlie  A.  ( ).  U.  W.,  Iiaving  scvod  as  i''iiiaiu'ier  of 
his  lo 'jvo  for  six  years.  ITe  is  an  active  incni- 
ber  in  lie  Coii>frei;ationaI  Cliiircli.  Ever  since 
the  organization  of  tiie  Itepiiblicaii  party  he 
lias  artiliated  with  it,  and  diirincr  the  war  lie  was 
a  staueh  Cnion  man.  For  year.s  ho  has  Iteeti  a 
member  of  the  Sheridan  City  Gonncil,  and  for 
tile  past  two  terms  lias  served  as  Mayor. 

^[r.  Potter  has  in  his  possession  tho  old  raw- 
Iiide  ciiair  that  was  tise('  by  Lieutenant  I'hil 
Sheridan  when  lie  was  stationed  near  where  the 
town  of  Sheridan  is  now  located.  The  Lieutenant 
was  very  popular  with  the  old  settlers  here,  and 
in  lionor  of  liim  this  town  received  its  name. 


IK*®' 


**=— 


[IIOMAS  W.  PEIIRY,  a  worthy  Orefron 
pioneer  of  18o2,  and  a  prominent  business 
f^-.  man  and  real-esti'e  owner  of  North  Yam 
Hill,  is  a  native  of  the  State  vi  Ohio,  born  No- 
vember "20,  1839. 

His  father,  Robert  I'erry,  a  native  of  England, 
was  married  in  1822  to  Miss  Martha  Rossetter, 
also  a  native  of  England,  and  three  weeks  after 
tiieii  marriage  they  set  suil  for  thi-  United 
States,  landing  in  duo  time  at  New  York. 
They  spent  a  year  in  New  York,  and  then 
moved  westward  to  Ohio.  He  "'as  a  butcher 
))y  trade,  and  followed  that  business  in  Ohio  un- 
til 1852.  That  year,  with  his  wife  and  three 
chddreu,  he  crossed  the  jilains  with  ox  teams  to 
Oregon.  Thomas  W.  was  at  that  time  fourteen 
years  of  age.  They  escaped  tho  cholera  which 
r..ged  on  the  plains  that  year;  made  the  journey 
in  safety,  and  landed  in  Oregon  City  on  October 
8,  1852.  coming  direct  from  that  place  to  North 
Ypiii  Hill.  Three  miles  northwest  of  North 
Yam  Hill  Jfr.  I'^rry  toolt  up  320  acres  of  land, 
'..  iiilt  a  log  cabin,  and  became  successfully  en- 
gaged in  stock-raising.  He  subsenuently  pur- 
I'hased  '{()6  acres  wheni  the  North  Vain  Hill 
depot  is  now  located.  All  this  property  he  re- 
tained until  his  death,  which  occured  in  1872. 
His  wife  siirviviMl  him  five  years  and  died  in 
1877.  lioth  were  members  of  the  I'aptist 
t'lnucii.     They  passed  active  and  useful  li\es 


and  had  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  knew 
them.  After  their  death  the  estate  was  divided 
between  the  children,  of  whom  only  two  are 
now  li\ing,  the  siiiiject  of  this  article,  and  his 
sister,  Mary  Ellen.  wi'Lw  of  V.  I).  Stout.  Slio 
is  now  station  agent  at  \orth  Yani  Hill, 

Fn  the  division  of  the  property  above  referred 
to,  Mr.  Rcrry  got  106  acres  uf  land  at  tho  depot 
and  210  acres  of  tho  donation  claim.  All  of 
this  property  he  has  since  successfully  fanned, 
and  has  added  to  it  by  subsequent  purchase 
until  he  is  the  owner  of  60li  acres,  all  improved 
land.  In  1881  Mr.  I'erry  built  a  fiouring  mill 
and  Iprge  warehouse  at  the  station,  which  he  ran 
successtully  l•.^til  187t),  -.vhen  fire  consumed 
them  both.  They  were  insured  for  about  one- 
third  their  value  and  his  loss  amounted  to  some 
$7,500.  He  built  a  new  warehouse,  which  he  has 
since  run,  and  he  also  has  the  personal  super- 
vision   of  his  farming  interests. 

Mr.  I'erry  was  married  in  1871  to  Miss  O.  J. 
Torrence,  a  native  of  Massachusetts  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  J.  Torrence,  who  came  to  Oregon  in 
1854.  Following  are  the  names  of  tludr  eleven 
children:  Martha  Emma,  Elsie  Mary,  Robert 
Allen,  Ressie  N.  I^ella,  wdi.  die<l  in  her  tenth 
year;  Richard  Elbert,  Miiia,  Thomas  T.,  Hope, 
Rossette!,  and  Li/zie. 

Mr.  I'erry  has  been  a  life-lung  Republican. 
In  1890  he  was  nominated  and  elected  County 
Commissioner,  and  in  this  ofHcial  capacity  has 
served  with  credit  to  himself  and  his  constitu- 
ency. 


DWARI)  M.  RANDS,  the  eliicient  Post- 
master of  Oregon  City,  Oregon,  is  a  na- 
tiveof  Iowa,  having  been  born  in  Marshall 
county,  that  State,  June  2.  1850. 

His  father,  Edward  P.  Rands,  was  born  in 
Lincoliishire,  iMigland.  In  1820,  when  he  wac 
three  years  of  age.  his  parents  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  and  settled  in  tho  State  of  Ver- 
mont. When  a  young  man  he  emigrated  to 
Illinois,  where  he  was  married  to  Miss  Jane 
Campbell,  also  a  native  of  England.  They  had 
eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living. 
In  1877  li(^  removed  with  his  family  to  Oregon, 
and  purchased  a  farm  nea-  Orego'-  City,  on 
which  ho  stili  resides,  a  jirosperous  and  indi'S- 
trious  farmer. 

His  son,  the  siiliject  of  olli  .I;etch,  was  the 
third  child,  and  was  raised  on  his  father's  fariij 


1  KM 


lUHTOliY    OF    UUNUON. 


"  ri 

S 

:^ 

It 

!* 

^■/,  ,v. 

1  i 

IK  ■. 

i  ?f 


in  Nritchell  county,  Iowa,  iittfiuling  tln'  disti-ict 
scliools.  When  si'ViMitceii  veiirs  of  ivsu  lif  tani'lit 
his  first  sciiool,  after  wliich  lie  worked  and 
tauj^ht  alternately,  as  oj)|)ortiinity  olfeivd,  until 
ho  had  earned  money  enough  to  complete  his 
education  at  the  State  Normal  School  of  Iowa. 
After  leavinj^  the  normal  school,  lie  accej)ted 
the  position  of  principal  of  the  Osage  lliifh 
School,  and  at  the  end  of  his  tirst  year  was 
elected  Superintendent  of  Schools  of  that 
county,  which  position  he  efficiently  filled  for 
five  years.  During  his  second  term  he  pnr- 
clmsed  an  interest  in  the  Osage  Xews,  of  which 
he  hud  cliarf.re  for  three  years.  He  then  sold 
out,  and  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he  accepted 
a  position  with  a  school-supply  house. 

In  January,  188(5,  he  came  to  Oreifon  City, 
and  was  shortly  afterward  engaged  in  teaching 
in  the  Scio  schools,  in  Linn  county.  The  fol- 
lowing January  ho  purchased  the  Oregon  ('ily 
Enterprise,  which  jiaper  he  ran  for  tvi>  years 
and  a  half,  when  his  health  failed,  and  he  sold 
out  and  rested  for  a  while.  A  short  time  after- 
ward he  engaged  in  real-estate  transactions,  in 
which  he  is  still  interested,  and  is  now  the  owner 
if  several  valuahle  jiieces  of  property,  iioth  city 
and  rural.  He  is  local  corresjiondent  of  the 
Oregonian,  being  a  highly  capable  writer,  of 
originality  and  incisiveness. 

lie  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  the  affairs 
of  tlie  lle|)ublicaii  party,  and  lias  acte<l  as  Sec- 
retary of  the  county  for  a  couple  of  years,  and 
has  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  for 
the  same  length  of  time,  lie  has  been  a  dele- 
gate to  the  last  three  State  conventions.  In 
I88',t  he  was  tllerk  of  the  Ways  and  .Means 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  in  IS'.tO  was  Clerk  of  the  Uepnblican  State 
Committee.  He  was  appointed  Acting  Post- 
master of  Oregon  City,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  April,  1891,  when  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster,  and  at  once  began  the  improvement 
of  Ills  office,  lie  purchased  a  large  number  of 
lock-boxes,  secured  the  reduction,  by  one-half, 
of  the  rental  of  boxes,  employed  comjietent 
help,  and  is  giving  efficient  jiost-otiice  service, 
having  the  entire  approval  of  the  patrons. 

Mr.  Hands  was  married,  June  15,  1880,  to 
iMiss  Margaret  (^reelman,  an  estimalile  lady, 
and  a  native  of  Xova  Scotia.  They  have  two 
children:  Edwanl  Thurlo,  born  in  Iowa,  in 
1882;  and  Margaret  Eulalie,  born  in  Oregon 
(Mty,  in  1880. 


!        Mr.  Rands    is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F., 
j   as  well  as  of  the    Knights  of  Pythias,  and  has 
I    twice  been    elected    to    the   ofKce  of  Chancellor 
Commander. 

He  is  a  capable  and  honorable  gentleman, 
fully  identified  with  the  educational,  political 
and  financial  interests  of  the  State,  and  enjoys 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  citizens  and 
that  of  many  of  the  most  prominent  and  in- 
fluential men  of  the  State. 


V.  READ,  a  merchant  in  Albany, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  Walworth  comity, 
*  southern  Wisconsin,  in  1853.  His 
parents,  William  C.  iind  Clara  (Whiteman) 
Read,  natives  of  New  York,  emigrated  to  Wis- 
consin about  18l;3,  and  there  bis  father  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1857. 
That  year  he  moved  to  Tama  county,  Iowa,  and 
subseciuently  to  (trinnell,  same  State,  where  he 
engageil  in  the  hardware  business  and  also  con- 
ducted farming  operations. 

In  (iriimell,  the  sulijcct  of  our  sketch  re- 
C(uved  his  education,  and  began  his  business  life 
in  his  father's  store.  In  18(57  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  Breckenridge,  Missouri,  where  he 
followed  farming  ten  j-ears,  and  then  opened  a 
general  merchandise  store.  In  the  full  of  1883 
he  came  to  Oregov.  and  established  a  store  in 
.Vlbany,  dealing  in  groceries  and  boots  and 
shoes.  After  being  in  business  alone  three 
years,  he  took  in  as  a  partner  ^Ir.  C.  E. 
Rrownell.and  the  firm  became  Read  it  Hrownell. 
In  the  spring  of  1887  Mr.  Read  disjiosed  of 
his  interest  in  the  establishment  and  purchased 
the  general  merchandise  store  of  N.  H.  Allen. 
He  gradually  reduced  the  stock  to  dry  goods 
only,  and  in  the  dry-goods  business  he  is  now 
engaged.  Ho  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  Albany  Electric  Eight  tV  Power  Company, 
in  1889,  of  which  organization  he  has  since 
been  |)rosi(lent.  He  is  also  ])resi(lent  of  the 
Farmers'  iVr  Merchants'  Insurance  Company, 
which  he  helpe<l  to  incorporate.  Other  organi- 
zations with  whi<'li  he  is  identified  as  incorpora- 
tor and  director,  are  the  Albany  Street  Railroad 
and  the  Albany  Huilding  Association. 

Mr.  Read  was  married  in  Hreckenridge,  Mis- 
souri, in  1S74,  to  Afiss  Mary  McCaIvy,  a  native 
of  Wisconsin.  They  have  three  children :  George 
M.,  Francis  M.  and  Harry  E. 


ULSTOHy    OF    OHEflON. 


1105 


().().  F., 
18,  and  has 
Chancellor 

,^('titlenian, 
l>  political 
iinil  enjoys 
itiicfina  anil 
nt  and  in- 


1    Ali)any, 
th  county, 
1853.     His 
U'liiteman) 
ed  to  Wis- 
t'atlier  was 
mtil   1857. 
,  Iowa,  and 
',  where  lie 
1  also  con- 
sketch  re- 
iisiness  life 
nov{'(l  with 
i,  where  he 
II  ojiened  a 
nil  of  1883 
a  store  in 
boots  and 
lone    three 
Mr.   G.   E. 
:  Hrownell. 
is|)oscd  of 
pnrchased 
II.  Allen, 
dry  goods 
lie  18  now 
lorators  of 
Company, 
has   since 
Jilt  of  the 
Com  pan  V, 
er  organi- 
ineornora- 
t  Railroad 

idgo,  Mis- 
'.  a  native 
n; (ieorgo 


Mr.  Read  is  a  member  of  the  I'\  vV:  A.  M., 
the  P^astern  Star,  the  Select  Knights,  aii<l  the 
A.  O.  IT.  AV.  He  owns  valuable  property  in 
Albany,  and  is  thoroughly  identitied  with  all 
interests  which  pertain  to  the  development  of 
his  adopted  city  and  State. 


IMMERSON  E.  QUICK,  Clerk  of  Cohim- 
l)ia  county.  Among  the  well-known  and 
influential  citizens  of  St.  Helen,  is  the 
gentleman  whoso  name  opens  this  sketch.  Mr. 
Quick  is  a  natixo  of  the  Iloosier  State,  born 
iS'ovember  8,  1852,  near  Rrookville,  Franklin 
county.  His  father,  David  ().  Quick,  was  a 
native  of  the  same  State,  as  was  also  his  mother, 
Sarah  M.  (ITpdyke)  Quick,  now  deceased.  The 
Quicks  trace  their  lineage  back  to  England,  and 
the  Ujjdykee  to  Holland. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  eldest  of 
two  cliildren,  and  the  only  one  now  living.  His 
mother  died  when  he  was  young,  and  in  conse- 
quence ho  was  reared  by  his  grandmother. 
When  young  (Jnick  was  six  years  of  age,  his 
father  removed  to  Montgomery  county,  Illinois, 
where  he  resided  until  18G1,  when  he  purchased 
an  outfit,  and  crossed  the  plains.  When  they 
reached  Snake  river  tliey  were  obliged  to  aban- 
don their  wagons,  an<l  with  their  pack-horses 
firoceeded  to  Elk  City  mines,  Idaho.  The 
ainily  remained  some  two  month  at  the  mines, 
and  then  continued  the  trip  via  Lewiston  and 
Portland.  They  located  in  AVashingtoii  county, 
Oregon,  and  here  (jur  subject  received  his  edu- 
catipn.  This  was  completed  in  the  Pacific 
University,  at  Forest  Grove,  in  1S77. 

Our  subject  engaged  in  teaching  in  Washing- 
ton county,  until  1^81,  when  he  perinaiinntly 
located  in  Columbia  county,  and  there  also  en- 
gaged in  teaching.  He  filled  the  office  of  C'ounty 
Siiporinteudeut  of  Schools  for  three  successive 
terms,  also  engaged  in  teaching  at  the  same 
time.  As  an  educator  Mr.  Quick  ranks  high 
with  the  progressive  public.  He  was  elected 
first  to  the  position  of  County  Clerk  in  1888, 
and  is  at  this  time  serving  the  third  term  in  that 
office.  His  able  and  honorable  administration 
in  that  position  lias  been  fairly  attested  by  his 
re-election,  ai.d  that  his  services  are  appreciated 
by  the  public  generally  goes  without  saying. 

Aside  from  his  ofHcial  duties,  Mr.  Quick 
handles  and  deals  in  real  estate.  He  owns  ll'>8 
acres  of  land  near    St.  Helen,  some  forty  acres 


of  which  is  improved  and  has  a  line  young  or- 
chard, consisting  of  ii  variety  of  fruits,  prunes 
predominating,  and  also  owns  residence  prop- 
erty in  town. 

Mr.  (iiiick  was  inarrie<l  in  the  city  of  San 
Francisco,  California,  iVovember  !(!,  1881,  to 
Miss  Sarah  M.  Eiiu'gor,  a  luitive  of  Ohio.  They 
have  two  liright  children  living:  Alice  V".  and 
an  infant  daughter.  The  little  ones  gone  were 
Eugenia  Olive,  who  died  in  1883,  aiKlIIarry  C, 
in  1888.  Ill  political  matters  Mr.  Quick  is  a 
stanch  Republican,  and  one  who  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  party  principles. 
Socially,  ho  affiliates  with  A.  V.  &  \.  ^I.,  and 
has  been  filling  one  of  the  official  chairs  of  St. 
Helen   Lodge,  Mo.  32,  for  the  past  three  years, 


fllARLES  H.  KALSTON,  cashier  of  the 
Bank  of  Lebanon,  was  born  on  the  plains 
en  route  to  Oregon,  in  1847.  His  father, 
Jeremiah  Ralston,  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
reared  to  agricultural  pursuits,  but  subsequently 
developed  Inisiness  talents,  and  became  (juito 
active  in  business  affairs.  He  was  married  in 
18:32  to  Margaret  McKiiight,  whom  death  sub- 
se(|uently  claimed,  and  in  1837  he  was  married 
to  Jemima  Ashpagli,  a  nati\o  of  Ohio.  (For  ex- 
tended sketch  of  Joreiniah  Ralston,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  the  biography  of  William  M. 
Ralston,  which  elsewhere  appears.)  Mr.  Rals- 
ton died  at  Lebanon,  August  12,  1877,  but  his 
widow  survives  and  is  still  active,  and  is  a 
worthy  ty|)e  of  the  heroic  pioneer. 

Charles  11.  lived  until  manhood  with  his 
parents,  pursuing  his  education  at  Lebanon,  and 
when  outof  school,  looking  after  the  interests  of 
the  stock  that  Ids  father  raise<l,  and  superin- 
tending the  farm.  In  1872  he  entered  business 
life  as  a  clerk  in  the  general  inorchiindise  busi- 
ness of  J.  L.  Cowan,  and  his  brother  John 
Ralston.  In  1876  he  ])urcliased  an  interest, 
and  the  firm  was  organized  as  Cowan,  Ralston  & 
Co.,  and  it  was  continued  until  187'J,  when  the 
subject  sold  his  interest  and  engaged  in  the 
hardware  business,  which  he  follo'  .'d  until 
1881.  He  then  started  a  grocery,  a  J  carried 
it  on  until  1880,  when  he  sold  out  and  entered 
the  Bank  of  Lebanon  as  bookkeeper  and  assist- 
ant cashier,  and  in  181)0  was  ap|)ointed  cashier 
and  manager,  which  positions  he  has  continued 
to  till. 


1186 


HISTOJtr    OF    OUKdON. 


II  :i 


lie  was  iimrrifd  in  Lebanon,  in  1870,  to  Miss 
Surah  ('.  (irif^ifs,  ot'  (M'l'gon,  and  a  daughter 
of  A.  I),  (trig^ti,  a  pioneer  of  184:7.  This  union 
has  hi'i'n  hK'ssLMl  hy  tlireu  c'liihlren:  Mamie,  wife 
of  II.  V.  Miiiid;  Ivirkpatrick,  |)ro|)rietor  of 
the  lA'hiuion  Weekly  Kxpres:?;  Charles  and 
Jessie. 

Mr.  IJalston  is  a  n.jnilior  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F. 
ilc  has  served  two  tei'ins  as  Presidenr  ot  ihe 
('i*_V  Council,  and  several  times  as  f '(puneilnian. 
lie  has  valmihk  property  in  Lebanon,  anil  is 
one  of  the  foremost  men  of  the  city. 


-4*' 


"J=— 


^ON.  WILLARD  HALL  UEKS,  of  French 
fH)/  P''"'''"')  Marion  connty,  Oregon,  was  born 
*:^/  on  an  old  f-tniily  estate  ad  joinin^^  Smyrna, 
Kent  county,  Delaware,  September  17,  1819, 
in  the  .ame  house  where  his  great-grandfather 
(iriflin,  grandfather,  niothei*  and  ek'.'St  sister 
were  born,  tlie  property  having  heen  purehased 
by  liiB  father,  Thomas  Kees,  just  prior  to  his 
marriagi'  to  Elizabeth  Stout  fTriHin,  early  in 
1817.  His  ancestors  were  Welsh  on  both  sides, 
of  the  (Quaker  persuasion;  emigrated  and  settled 
in  Delaware  in  1682.  The  now  State  of  Delaware 
being  then  included  in  th.o  Penn  grant.  The 
ancestors  on  botL  sides  were  soldiers  in  the 
Kevolutionary  war  on  the  side  of  the  colonies. 
Thomas  Uecs,  father  of  our  siibject,  lost  liis  par- 
ents at  the  ago  of  fourteen,  iidieritiiij'^  his  father's 
mills  and  other  real  estate;  leavi'ig  ^chool  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  his  uncle  David  i'ees,  his  guar- 
dian, f=ent  him  to  Philadelphia  to  '.earn  the 
milling  business.  When  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  six  months  old  his  father  moved  to 
Dover,  near  which  place  I.')  l.ad  mill  property, 
conducting  the  same  until  the  fall  of  18'2o,  when 
he  moved  westward,  settling  on  a  farm  near 
Cincinnati,  where  his  father-in-law,  flacob  S. 
Griffin,  had  [ireceded  him  eight  years.  Thomas 
und  Elizabeth  Rf  es,  father  and  mother  of  our 
8\ibject,  reared  to  manhood  and  womanhood  a 
family  of  twelve  children.  Two  sisters  residing 
in  Preble  county,  Ohio,  four  brothers  in  Kansas, 
two  farmers  and  two  bankers.  M.  I>.  Kees,  of 
Cove,  Union  connty,  Oregon;  Major  K.  K.  Heee, 
editor  and  merchant,  died  in  Walla  Walla,  in 
1889;  S.  (i.  Kees,  accidontly  killed  at  Alturas, 
California;  Thomas  Clayton  Rees.  drowned  in 
Kansas  river;  Lieutenant  I).  A.  Rees,  of  Sher- 
man's army,  wi.s  Killed  at  Kenesaw  Mountain; 
and  Lieutenant  (!orwin    P.  Rees,  I'nited  States 


Navy,  now  on  duty  at  World's  Fair  at  Chicago. 
In  1844,  while  yet  a  young  man,  tilled  with  the 
spirit  of  adventure  and  with  a  desire  to  see  the 
country,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  and 
came  in  the  same  company  as  did  Ilan.  .fohn 
Minto,  with  others.  The  season  was  a  wet  one 
and  the  party  was  obliged  to  ford  the  streams,  as 
they  were  much  swollen,  and  the  party  covered 
seven  months  on  the  journey.  Tliey  met  with 
many  ditliculties,  but  surmounted  them  all  and 
reached  the  cud  of  the  journey  safely. 

At  Vancouver  Mr.  Rees  met  Dr.  .McLoughlin, 
then  a  man  of  sixty  years  of  age.  Our  subject 
at  once  took  a  mill- building  contract,  the  mill 
to  be  erected  above  Astoi'ia,  and  he  was  engaged 
in  this  business  until  May  1845,  when  he  came 
to  Oregon  City,  taking  a  contract  on  the  Catho- 
lic Church  and  several  other  buildings,  .\fter 
this  he  came  to  St.  Louis,  in  Marion  county,  to 
build  a  Catholic  church  for  the  French-C'aiiailian 
settlement.  Here  he  learned  of  the  rich  laiul 
(m  French  prairie,  ami  was  induced  to  purchase 
a  right  to  a  donation  claim  of  one  Stephen 
Pelchie.  For  this  property  Mr.  Rees  paid $975, 
and  here  he  has  since  made  his  home. 

This  farm  is  now  one  of  the  most  desirable  in 
the  county  and  here  our  subject  has  lived  and 
reared  his  family.  In  January,  1847,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Amanda  Hall, 
who  was  born  in  Missouri,  August  20,  1828, 
and  was  the  daughter  of  James  E.  Hall,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1845,  from  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky. The  father  of  Mrs.  Rees  died  in  his 
Seventy-second  year,  but  her  mother  is  yet  liv- 
ing, in  )>er  eighty-ninth  year. 

The  discovery  of  gold  in  California  gave 
many  of  the  emigrants  the  gc';l  fever,  and  Mr. 
llees,  with  a  number  of  his  neighbors,  made  the 
trip  overland  with  pack  animals  in  1848.  They 
were  thirty  days  on  the  journey,  and  it  was  one 
in  which  they  were  in  great  danger.  While 
prospecting  in  California  a  party  of  the  com- 
pany were  attacked  by  Indians  and  one  of  them 
was  killed,  one  severely  wounded  and  two 
others  slightly  wonnde<l.  The  party  mined  on 
the  Mokelumne  river. 

Our  subject  worked  until  the  following  Feb- 
ruary, taking  out  Sa,000;  but  was  then  taken 
sick  and  returned  to  Oregon.  .Vfter  his  return, 
he  and  Mr.  O.  S.  Thoimis  and  Mr.  William 
Whiting  built  the  first  saw  and  grist  mills  at 
.\urora,on  Deer  creek,  Miiricjn  county.  For 
several  years  he  continued  contracting  and 
Ijuilding,  and  was  engage^  for  some  time  on  the 


'air  lit  Cliiciiffo. 
I,  tilled  with  tlio 
isiro  to  KH'  tiio 
\i)  Ort'ifon,  and 
did  Ilaii.  Jolin 
1  was  a  wet  ono 

the  ptreanis,  as 
3  party  covered 
Tliey  met  with 
d  thcin  all  and 
nfcly. 

)r.  McLoughlin, 
».  Our  siihject 
ntract,  the  mill 
he  was  engaged 

when  he  came 
it  on  the  Catho- 
ildinifs.  After 
irion  county,  to 
rench-C'anadian 

the  rich  land 
;ed  to  purcliase 
f  one  Stephen 
Rees  paid  $975, 
home. 

lost  desirable  in 
has  lived   and 

1847,  he  was 
Amanda  Hall, 
ignst  20.  1828, 
168  E.  Hall,  an 
le  State  of  Ken- 
ees  died  in  his 
ther  is  yet  liv- 

I!alifornia  gave 
fever,  and  Mr. 
libors,  made  the 
in  1848.  Tliey 
and  it  was  one 
ianger.  While 
;y  of  the  com- 
nd  one  of  them 
ided  and  two 
larty  mined  on 

followinii  Feb- 
'as  then  taken 
ifter  his  retnrn, 
d  Mr.  William 
grist  mills  at 
1  county.  For 
ontracting  and 
ime  time  on  tlip 


VCX^VAAjJi      ^vAouA 


as 


niKTltUV     llh'     (tUkU-iltl/ 


1197 


•u'liriHt  ill 
•  'mru  A.  and 
1/illy  'lied  in 
now  twciitv 

In  liii*  ,.■ 
p()lif.i<?«  I 
of  l!ir  .nv,  .. 


:  i.^'ii     III    ('liarni|ii.-  «•. 

. Miiii'd  lijA  rnriiiihi: 
■    Kri'x  wi.'io  liorii  I w"I 
•livid   iiiiirrifd  J.  W.  W 
■■-..•iIh;  iHli/.iilttith   K.  IxHtti^: 
•    .1  M'MxUir-hott;  Arinw>  T'    \i 
.  i^.i'ti;  (.orH  C.  is  ihe  wifo    ■ 
..«     I'oftlBMi;    r»svlil   <•     ■: 
iir,j,  Wiisliinjttoii;  I'l 
n!:h  111  lioiia-.  nmn;",    • 
:\sl<ii-i;i:   <\ 


t'riiif.i 


(.' 


.   \S  lu^  in  his 

.'J!  J  l:uving  in,-('ii  on- 

Htpnldicaii   pjirtv,  an.! 

;•:  isn*  (.(111  Hisniili   in    tli(>  mnlio  ••; 

•        <;      .:u'«ii  jiHriy.     In   1847  lie  wux  i-l* -.*/<. 

\  n4»*i..i)«r  of  the  TerritoriBl  f  j^rislfttaiv,  t,n*i  *.i- 


-    -  '11 
tn- 


•Vt  •■^>t''  i"^  ^ 


■  •     ■      ::-    *  •.«»(!,  .U>i)i;  I..    .  ■ 

J'lii'uii.    iiviitnd,    Hfld   canic  if 

>>*JUt.  and  lirou^dit  with  hiia  his 

■  '1.  nnil  settlod   in  I'tUorson, 

'  died  in  ISfSl.      flif  wift^ 

VI  iiv      Tliey   liad  oeven 

■ill;  slill   living:   a  soli 


'.*  Ik 

w^  A  iii'it-'  • 
thin  con'.!!  -•, 
wjft)  ai 
K«w  .'    " 

l.|!fviv.,i:      . 

<'hi)dr<i'    I- 


Fori 


'  n«f. 


Now   .liir-i'(      1  diiniihti'i-  who   '\a 

•f'   <>i    if.-.  With  IM    iioylf,  ,iiid    !•.•- 

I     incinco;  and  the  hhIijccI  of  thin 

i.'in  i.t>ti»ii  was  sent  to  tlio   public  nuhools 
uariv<vcity,  and  there  li.  umno  an  ajiprentico 
■:    rKMo!iii>(/*l    1riii1«    i-i    his    umcIc's    shop. 
M'hrriiiig  tln'  trwlrt  tho.oiighjy  lie  went  to 
.iiviUw.     Ki'.rid-i     *tt«r,.,    with     an    elder 
til  the  crreat  civil 
3d    home,   and    in 
■     inyC,  Ninth  New 
I  l)y  Colonul  Rush 
ailed     "Hawkins' 
first  stationed  at 
icre    proceeded   to 
jiart  in  the  liglit 
ed    in  one  of  the 
n    army.     It    loft 
liutjer'ii   cxpe<li- 
led  General  Hnni- 
vith  this  division 
d  to  A'ew  Hern<s 
it  a  Iiattle.    From 
loke    Islanil,   and 
rticipating  in  tiic 
numerous  skir- 
rch.     From  New 
through  the  Dis- 
ginia,  and    from 
re    it   joined  tlie 
ormed  a  part  of 
errilile  slaughter 
Fredericksiiurg, 
1.     At  the  latter 
ivily.   and,  after 
mck   to  New^port 
mined    with    his 
8  enlistment  ex- 
f  the  service  in 
■  3  went  to  Wash- 
where    he   was 
navy  yard    until 
i:';  iiailed  froai  New  York,  via 
.'     Panama,  tor   San    Francisco, 
•   'Viai'    in   tf»e    lattor  city  after  a   voyage  of 
"•^'   nJ!t<»  days     After  WurkiTig  at  his  trade  in 
'  Hiciiw  .•j»u(  Vietoria,  \ic  couver's  island, 
1,  tr«s-  fimrthsi,  <n  April.  ISrtf).  I.e  cam<,?  to  Port- 
land, wlifrw   he    has  continufid   to  reside  ever 
ftimw.  sad  where  ho  hii«  uicf    .^dth  well-earned 
*u<s*!i9.    For  seven  year.-*  afhi-  lioming  to  Port- 
Uud  he  wr.rked  in  the  <  dogon  Iron  Works,  the 
flrft  two  years  »is  jouri'M'-Ht"    'iud  the  remain- 


Uitjre  to    5. 
Army  of 
Bnrasidp'v 

»>f  Unidi-  > 
A'  ■ 


'■■♦j      ,*-.•!.. 


fiiide  "ill  j)u' 


!     .?;.; 


niil 

i 

it^   ; 

^9' 

II  |l|^Hi'  ] 

|H 

ill' 

m^. ! 

:■ ' 

i  1^  'f'  i  ^s| 

n 

■ 

p^H 

|lill 

'W^'' 

II 

1 

1m'^ 

>^.. 


"-•^^ij^'; 


-^m^. 


"-■.*f  ; 


Vcx.v\AA.'i     avA  X\.v\ 


lllHTOIiY    ilt'    OltmiON. 


wvt 


(tovt'rniui'iit  liuil(liii|{f)  iit  (Miiiin|ioi'^.  wlion' 
OfcgonV  tirnt  liiiliHii  treaties  wcie  liclil.  During 
all  lliiA  time. lie  coiitiiiiieil  hit)   faniiini^. 

To  Mr.  iiini  Mrs.  Itees  were  liorii  twelve  eliil- 
(ireii.  iiH  tolldwn:  Olivia  iimrrit!ii  .1.  \V.  Weleli. 
HIkI  reniiJeH  in  Abtoria;  Kli/,ali<'tli  K.  iieeaiiie  tliu 
wife  (if  Wiliiani  llemlersliott ;  Annie  It.  in  now 
Mrs.  .lolm  (Murk;  Lorn  (!.  is  tlu^  wife  of  Dr.  ('. 
II.  Day,  of  Portland;  Daviil  (\  residcH  at 
Waitsl)iirfj,  WaKJiin^itnii;  Tlionias  IF.  and  Marry 
L.  are  liotli  at  lionie,  rimniiii;  tl;e  farm;  I'lirk  A. 
is  a  dentist  at  Astoria;  Willard  II.  is  at  home; 
(!lara  A.  and  I'risciihi  are  botli  at  home;  and 
Lilly  died  in  her  si.\teentli  year.  There  are 
now  twenty-one  grandchildren  in  the  t'umily. 

In  iiii-  early  lile  Mr.  Kws  was  a  Wlii;^  in  his 
politics,  hut  he  has  the  honor  ol'  iiaving  iieen  one 
of  the  organi/.ers  of  the  liirpiihlieaii  party,  and 
sinw  then  he  has  hren  staneh  iti  the  raidts  of 
the  IJepidilican  party.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
a  meinlier  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  (bounties,  and 
gave  Linn  county  its  name.  Since  then  he  has 
declined  oftice.  Ilo  drew  up  the  cdiistitution 
and  took  a  leading  jiart  in  orgaiiiziiii;  tlie  Ore- 
gon I'ioneer  Association,  a  useful  institution. 
Its  historic  research  is  limited  to  the  original 
Territory,  embracing  Oregon,  Washington  and 
Idaho.  The  a<ldre»se8  at  its  annual  reunions 
call  out  the  best  pioneer  talent  within  its  tield  of 
research.  Mr.  Kees  ia  thoroughly  posted  on 
its  history  and  takes  an  active  part  in  its  trans- 
actions. He  has  been  chosen  as  the  orator  for 
the  annual  address  to  the  society,  and  is  an  in- 
teresting and  capable  writer  and  speaker.  His 
family  fairly  represent  the  native  sons  and 
daughters  of  Oregon,  and  both  he  and  wife  are 
much  esteemed  among  the  pioneers  of  this  great 
Statu  where  they  so  long  have  found  a  home. 

fAMKS  LOTAN,  president  and  manager  ot 
th(!  Willamette  Iron  Works,  and  a  promi- 
nent business  man  of  the  city  of  Portland, 
is  a  native  of  Paterson,  Xew  .Jersey,  born  on 
the  Sth  of  April,  1843.  His  father,  .John  Lotan, 
was  a  native  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1831),  and  brought  with  him  his 
wife  and  two  children,  and  settled  in  Paterson, 
New  Jersey,  where  he  died  in  1861.  His  wife 
survived  him  fifteen  years.  They  had  seven 
children,  of  whom  tln-ee  are  still  living:  a  son 
76 


in  Paterson,  Now  tlercey;  rt  daughter  who  is 
now  the  wifi!  of  Mr.  William  lloyle,  anci  re- 
sides in  San  I''raneisco;  un<l  the  subject  of  this 
sketch. 

•lames  Lotan  was  sent  to  the  |)ublic  schools 
of  his  nativecitj",  and  there  became  an  apprentice 
to  th(!  machinist  traije  in  his  uncle's  shop. 
After  learning  the  trailu  thoroughly  he  v^•ent  to 
.Jacksonville,  Kloriila,  where,  with  an  elder 
brother,  he  WHS  employed  until  the  great  ci\il 
war  began,  when  he  returned  home,  and  in 
May.  1801,  eidisted  inCompanvC.  .Ninth  .Nmv 
York  Volunteers,  commandeil  by  ( 'olonel  Kush 
('.  Hawkins.  They  weic  called  "Hawkins' 
/  naves,"  His  regiment  was  lirst  i-tationeil  at 
iiirtit'ss  iMotinje.  ancl  from  there  proceeded  to 
Newport  .News,  where  it  took  |iart  in  the  tight 
at  (ireat  Hetliel.  which  resulted  in  one  of  the 
tirst  victories  for  the  Pnion  arm}'.  It  left 
Newport  News  with  (ieneral  liutlei'V  expedi- 
tion, and  at  Fort  llatti'ras  joinecl  (ieneral  Hum- 
side's  eominan<l,  proceeding  with  this  division 
of  the  army  up  Pamlico  sound  to  New  Berne, 
North  ( 'arolina,  where  it  fought  a  battle.  I'roni 
this  port  it  retired  to  lloaiioke  Island,  and 
from  there  to  New  iierne,  participating  in  the 
battle  of  South  Mills,  and  in  numerous  skir- 
mishes along  the  line  of  march.  Fnun  New 
Berne  the  regiment  proceeded  through  the  Dis- 
mal Swamp  to  Norfolk,  Virginia,  and  from 
there  to  Aipiilla  Creek,  where  it  joined  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  and  formed  a  part  of 
Burnside's  division  during  the  terrible  slaughter 
of  Union  men  at  the  battles  of  Fredericksbnrg, 
Antietam  and  Soutli  Mountain.  At  the  latter 
battle  his  regiment  lost  heavily,  and,  after 
being  twice  rtuTuited,  went  back  to  Newport 
News,  where  Mr.  Lotan  remained  with  his 
regiment  until  the  term  of  his  enlistment  ex- 
pired. He  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  in 
June,  1803.  In  .Inly,  LSti;!,  he  went  to  Wash- 
ington, District  of  (4)lumhia,  where  ho  was 
employed  at  his  trade  in  the  navy  yard  until 
May,  1804,  when  he  sailed  from  New  York,  via 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  for  San  Francisco, 
arriving  in  the  latter  city  after  a  voyage  of 
thirty-nine  days.  After  working  at  his  trade  in 
San  Francisco  and  Victoria,  Vancouver's  island, 
a  few  months,  in  April.  1805,  he  canity  to  Port- 
land, where  he  has  continued  to  reside  ever 
since,  and  where  he  has  met  with  well-earned 
success.  For  seven  years  after  coming  to  Port- 
land he  worked  in  the  Oregon  Iron  Works,  the 
first  two  years  as  journeyman,  and  the  remain- 


llilH 


murouY  OF  oiintjos. 


ilcr  of  the  time  as  foreiiiiin  of  tliu  inacliint;  shop. 
Ill  1872  he  became  siijKM'intcnik'iit  of  th',;  W'il- 
lamt'ttn  [lOTi  Works.  Tlie  coinpany  had  heeti 
established  in  1865, by  li.  li.  Thompson,  Joiiii 
Watson  and  I'eter  Taylor,  who  were  its  princi- 
pal stockholders,  and  conducted  the  busino'^P 
until  1872.  when  Mr.  Lotan  was  iiiadit  superin- 
tendent, lie  was  (connected  with  it  until  1872 
as  an  employe,  but  lie  then  l)ei,'au  to  buy  stock 
from  time  to  time,  uiul  in  several  years  became 
half-owner  of  it.  In  1880  Mr.  M.  W.  Hen- 
derson became  the  owner  of  the  other  half  of 
the  works,  and  Mr.  Lotan  and  he  have  since 
been  e(pial  owners  of  it.  They  einjiloy  over 
100  men,  and  do  a  jreneral  foundry  business, 
but  make  a  specialty  of  steamboat  boilers  and 
engines,  and  for  several  years  have  done  the 
leading  business  in  this  line.  When  the  Wil- 
lamette Iron  AVorks  starttwl,  the  capital  stock 
was  $50,000;  they  now  have  $300,000  ca[)ital 
stock,  and  their  business  extends  all  over  the 
northwest  coast  and  to  Alaska,  and  they  have  a 
branch  at  Dallas,  known  as  the  Fulto!i  Li-on 
Works,  where  they  have  enij)loyed  as  many  as 
100  men.  Mr.  Lotan  is  the  unuinger  of  Iwth, 
and  it  is  solely  owing  to  his  prac  ical  knowl- 
edge and  constant  supervision  of  the  business 
that  such  a  high  degree  of  success  has  been 
attained. 

Mr.  Lotan  was  appointed  State  local  inspector 
of  steam  vessels  by  Secretary  Houtwell,  in  whidi 
position  he  acted  for  seven  years,  renderinj;  the 
Government  valuable  service.  The  number  of 
the  steamboats  in  h's  district  had  increased 
from  71  to  171,  and  so  much  of  his  vahnible 
time  was  required  that  he  finally  declined  the 

Eosition.  Soon  after  coming  to  Portland  Mr. 
,otnn  joined  the  Washington  (iuards,  one  of  the 
leading  military  organizations  of  that  day.  lie 
was  elected  second  officer  of  the  company,  and 
when  the  two  companies,  the  Washington  and 
Emmett  (iuards,  were  formed  into  a  battalion, 
he  was  elected  and  commissioned  its  Major. 
He  also  served  for  fifteen  years  in  the  old  Vol- 
unteer Fire  Department  of  Portland,  and  ren- 
dered valuable  assistance  in  the  organization  of 
the  present  paid  department,  and  in  1883  he 
was  appointeil  by  Mayor  Chapman  one  of  the 
fire  commanders  of  the  city,  which  poeition  he 
still  holds. 

Mr.  Lotan  has  always  been  an  enthusiastic 
Re|inblican,  and  during  his  residence  in  Port- 
land has  rendered  his  party  valuable  ai<l,  while 
personally  he  has  had    no  political   aspirations. 


Ih-  has  been  rej>eatedly  the  Chairman  ot  the 
Republican  (Jonnty  Committee,  and  in  every 
campaign  lie  lias  t;iken  a  prominent  part.  Ho 
is  a  very  capable  worker  in  the  ranks  of  hid 
party. 

In  18(58  Mr.  Lotan  wiis  married  to  Mis^i 
Emma  Carroll, of  Boston,  Massachusetts.  They 
have  had  one  child,  William  S.,  horn  in  I'ort- 
lund.  who  is  now  with  his  father  in  his  business. 

Mr.  Lotan  is  a  iriember  of  the  I.  ().  (>.  V.  in 
all  its  branches.  His  success  in  business  i-;  the 
rcsidt  of  thorough  knowledge  and  persistent 
work,  and  his  ability  and  enterprise  have  not 
only  resulted  well  for  himself,  but  have  proved 
valuable  to  the  city  of  Portland. 

^-^-^ 

'liOMAS  «.  RICHMOND,  deceased,  one 
of  the  most  widely  known  and    highly  es- 

•j  teeme<l  pioneer  citizens  of  Polk  comity, 
Oregon,  was  born  in  CiiniplKdl  county.  Ken- 
tucky, March  25,  182(1,  son  of  Seth  and  Lucia 
(i'arsons)  Richmond,  liotli  natives  ol  Connecti- 
cut, and  descendants  of  (?arly  settlers  of  that 
State,  the  families  having  originated  in  Kngland. 
Mr.  aiiu  Mi-s.  Richmond  had  eight  childien,  six 
of  whom  are  living.  They  moved  to  Kentucky, 
and  from  there,  in  1825,  to  Illinois,  where  llw 
father  and  mother  both  died  in  1840. 

Tliomiis  (i.,  left  ail  orphan  at  the  age  of  fif- 
teen, went  to  live  with  Peter  Francis,  at  that 
time  Sheriff  of  Knox  county,  Illinois.  Mr. 
Francis  was  an  excellent  man,  and  took  the 
place  of  a  father  to  our  young  friend.  In  1850, 
tilled  with  the  spirit  of  adventure,  and  lured 
by  the  wonderful  reports  of  the  gold  discovery 
in  California,  Mr.  Richmond  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  new  Kl  Dorado  of  the  West,  landing  at 
Hangtown.  For  a  time  he  was  successfully 
engaged  in  mining.  Then,  with  others,  he  en- 
tered into  a  scheme  to  tiiinie  the  rive*,  '■XDect- 
ing  to  make  a  fortune,  but  the  high  waters 
caii'e  down  and  swept  away  their  work,  and  this 
enterprise  ended  in  failure.  With  what  money 
he  had  left.  Mr.  Richmond  decided  to  return 
Fast,  which  he  did,  making  'he  journey  by 
wnter.  The  following  spi'ing  he  again  crossed 
the  plains,  this  time  to  (Oregon,  landing  at  Sa- 
lem August  8,  1853.  From  tliei-e  he  went  to 
California,  and  in  the  Umpiiia  valley  engaged 
to  assist  a  surveying  ])arty.  About  this  time, 
however,  the  war  with    the  Rogue  river  Indians 


ursTonr  of  onmooN. 


119U 


linuan  nt  the 
111(1  ill  I'viM-y 
lit    part,      llo 


ried  to  Mis* 
iiiaetts.  Tliey 
liorii  in  i'ort- 
I  his  business. 
1,  (>.  ().  !■'.  iti 
msiiiestj  i-i  tlio 
iiid  pei'i^istent 
)rise  have  not 
t  iuive   proved 


,  (lereaKeil,  one 
ukI    hiirhly  us- 

I'olk  comity, 

county,  Ken- 
ttth  and  L\ieia 
s  of  Coiinecti- 
bttiers  (if  that 
tt  J  in  Kiighiiid. 
it  cliildien,  six 
d  to  Kentiicliy, 
iiois,  whi're  thn 
840. 

10  age  of  fif- 
Kraiicis,  at  that 

Illinolw.     Mr. 

and  took  tlie 
end.  In  l8ot), 
lue,   and    hired 

gold  (lire(>very 
ssed  the  plaiin* 
/est,  landiiifj;  at 
as  siu'cesstiiUy 
1  otliers,  lie  en- 
rive',  ""xnect- 
e  hi<;;h  waters 
[•work,  and  this 
ith  what  money 

ided  to  return 
'he  journey  hy 
le  ajrain  crossed 

landing;  :\t  Sa- 
^'ve   he   went  to 

i-alley  engaged 
hont  this  time, 
ue  river  Indiana 


hroke  out.  lie  and  twenty-seven  otliers  volun- 
teered tlicir  services,  and  did  tlieii'  (lart  in  help- 
ing to  biiu^  ahout  peace  with  the  red  men. 
After  the  surveying  was  completed,  ho  went  to 
the  mine',  at  Vreka,  but  met  with  only  moder- 
ate success. 

In  1856  he  returned  to  Oregon  and  took  u|)  a 
claim  on  Willow  ('reek,  being  one  of  the  tirst 
settlers  there.  Some  two  years  later  he  was 
married.  He  continued  to  reside  on  his  claim 
until  18()5  vlien  he  sold  out  and  en>;a(jed  in 
the  cattle  business.  He  bought  and  raised 
stock,  and  drove  his  herds  to  the  mines  in 
Idaho,  Montana,  and  liritish  Columbia,  continu- 
ing this  business  ten  years,  and  spending  much 
of  his  time  out-ofdoors,  camping  wherever 
night  overtiMtk  him.  lie  was  freijiiently  or- 
dered off  In  the  Indian.s.  Hy  treating  them 
kindly,  however,  he  gained  their  g(rod  will,  and 
they  l)ecanie  his  fast  friends.  When  he  sold 
out  and  decided  to  leave,  they  tried  to  induce 
him  to  remain. 

(!ominK  '(>  Polk  county,  he  purchased  90U 
acrosof  land  four  miles  and  a  half  nortli  of  Dallas. 
In  18(58  lie  bought  a  home  in  Dallas,  and  here 
he  residtJ  for  the  past  twenty-four  ye^irs,  up  to 
the  time  '»f  his  death.  During  the  latter  part 
of  his  life  he  bought  and  sold  land,  had  exten- 
sive land-holdings,  and  was  largely  iiiterested 
in  raising  sheep  and  horses.  He  was  a  man  of 
good  business  ability,  and  strict  integrity.  He 
joined  tlni  (Grange  as  a  charter  member,  and 
was  an    influential  and  efficient  member  of  that 


order.  He  was  aiipointed  by  Governor  Peii- 
noyer  a  member  of  the  State  Hoard  of  .Vgricul- 
ture,  in  which  position  lu  served  five  years,  do- 
ing all  he  could  to  advance  the  agricultural 
interests  of  his  Stide.  I'(ditically.  he  was  a 
Democrat.  He  was  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and 
a  Past  Noble  Grand  of  the  1.  f).  O.  F. 

January  :2(t,  185',),  Mr.  Richmond  married 
Miss  Sarah  .lane  Whitley,  daughter  of  A.  II. 
WHiitley,  an  Oregon  Pioneer  of  1H46.  Thuy 
had  six  children,  namely:  Susan  Nettie,  wife  of 
H.  .1.  Ellis,  died  in  her  twenty-second  year; 
Alice  E.,  married  ,1.  H.  Townsend,  a  lawyer 
of  Dallas;  Minnie  is  the  wife  of  .1.  M.  llolman, 
a  business  man  of  Salem;  Mary  E.  is  now  Mrs. 
Otlu)  Williams,  her  husband  being  engaged  in 
business  in  Dallas;  and  Tlioiiias  G.,  .1  r.,  and 
f^dward  C,  who  reside  with  their  mother. 

Mr.  RichmondV  death  occurred  very  sud- 
detdv  on  the  morning  of  July  15,  18S)2.  Leav- 
ing   home    that   morning   in    usual    health,  he 


went  to  bis  farm.  While  glutting  ov(M'  u  fence 
't  gave  way,  and  lie  fell  backward  and  was  in- 
stantly killed,  the  fall  dislocating  his  neck. 
The  blow  was  a  severe  one  to  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren, and  also  to  the  people  of  I'olk  and  adjoin- 
ing counties.  His  remains  were  followed  to 
their  last  resting  place  by  the  orders  he  loved, 
and  of  which  he  had  bcaii  ,\h  honored  member. 
Fully  200  Masons  >  •!  Odd  Fellows  attended 
liis  funeral.  Tlier,  ,\:u:  ^•lO  carriages  in  the 
procession,  and  many  p.v  sins  .'ollowod  on  foot, 
all  wishing  to  pay  u  list  tribute  of  respect  to 
this  honored  (dtize.i. 


1^0  "i=^»    '■)|=:ii-» 


?AMES  13.  PUTNAM,  State  Librarian  of 
Oregon,  is  one  oftlie  most  cajiable  officials, 
and  is  entitled  to  a  space  in  this  history. 
In  giving  a  sketch  of  his  personal  career,  it 
may  be  mentioned  that  he  was  born  in  Law- 
rence county,  Missouri,  March  15,  1857.  His 
grandfather,  Henjamin  Putnam,  immigrated  to 
Missouri  from  Tennessee,  in  the  early  history  of 
the  country,  and  there  reared  liis  son,  Newton 
Putnam,  tile  father  of  James  H.  Newton  i'lit- 
nain  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion, 
and  rendered  the  cause  of  the  Union  valiant 
service.  He  marri(iii  Miss  Nancy  M.  Stockton, 
a  native  of  Polk  county,  Missouri,  and  there  were 
born  to  them  seven  sons  aiwl  a  daughter,  James 
I),  is  the  third-born.  The  family  remained  in 
Missouri  until  he  was  tifteen  years  of  ago,  and 
then  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  arriving  here 
11  .S72.  The  father  purchased  200 acres  of  land 
■'1  Polk  county,  which  he  has  since  occupied 
and  improved. 

Mr.  Putnam  was  educated  in  the  Willamette 
University,  and  afterward  engaged  in  agricult- 
ural pursuits  which  he  followed  until  1882.  Ha 
was  operating  a  threshing  machine,  and  met 
with  an  accident  which  resulted  in  the  loss  of 
his  right  arm.  In  February,  18S,5,  he  was 
elected  State  Librarian  by  the  State  Legislature, 
and  has  since  had  the  honor  of  being  elected 
four  terms  in  succession. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  in  1885  to  Miss 
M.  A.  Wait,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  the  daugh- 
ter of  T.  B.  Wait,  a  pioneer  of  Oregon.  Of  this 
union  tlvo  children  have  Iteen  born.  Mr.  Put- 
nam is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  is  a 
charter  memljer  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  being 
the  tirst  Captain  of  the  order  in   Salem.     He  ig 


121)0 


llIsrOIlY    OF    OKEGON. 


a  stniipli  adherent  to  the  principles  of  tlie  Re- 
piilijiciiii  party,  ami  is  one  of  the  most  otiicieiit 
otfifiTrt  ever  elected  tiy  that  body.  The  li- 
brary in  liis  cliarife  contains  17,000  volnines 
on  the  subject  of  law,  the  wliole  l)eiiig  fys- 
teniaticaiiy  and  earefnlly  catalogued.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  i'utnaiii  own  a  pleasant  homo  in 
Salem,  wliere  they  are  livinir.  with  their  family, 
in  the  (juiet  enjoyment  of  the  acenmnlation  of 
years  uf  industry  and  patient  toil. 


-Si.^ 


■ms^'^^^' 


\l.  V.  M.  KOBINSOX,  the  leadin-  phy- 
sician of  I'eaverton,  NVashinirton  county, 
Oregon,  is  a  uativt?  of  this  county.  He 
was  born  on  the  ilth  o.  Febrnarv,  1S4S,  and  is 
the  son  of  James  P>.  Robin.-on.  who  was  horn  in 
J'ennsylvania,  in  18(K),  at  a  place  which  is  now 
within"  the  city  limits  of  1  hilii(lel|)hia.  The 
Ifobinsons  are  of  Gernnin  ancestry.  (i rand- 
father  John  Itoltinson  was  connected  with  tin? 
marine  service  of  (iermany.  lie  caiiie  to 
America,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania  in  171)0, 
and  in  that  State  his  fan)ily  were  reared,  the 
Doctor's  father  being  the  oldest  child.  When  a 
young  man  the  latter  removed  to  Iowa,  and 
married  Miss  .Melissa  11.  Warnei',  a  native  of 
York  countv,  Tennessoe,  l)orn  in  IMS.  In  the 
East  one  child,  a  daughter,  was  horn  to  them, 
whom  they  named  Amanda,  and  in  1S47.  with 
his  wife  and  little  daughter,  he  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  making  the  long,  tedious 
journey  with  oxen.  They  arrived  at  their  des- 
tination in  Decemlier.  At  the  Dalles  they  left 
their  teams  and  wagons,  and  came  down  the 
river  in  boats,  coining  lirect  to  Washington 
county,  and  taking  a  ilonation  claim,  two  miles 
and  a  half  northwest  of  where  Hillsborough  is 
now  located.  Here  Mr.  Robinson  built  the 
log  cabin  of  the  early  pioneer,  improved  his 
land,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  life  on  it.  He 
-was  an  in(lustriou;>  and  honest  man  and  a  prosper- 
ous farmer.  Ilis  death  occurred  .luniiary  '•', 
11S57.  Roth  he  and  his  wife  were  members  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  hut  liiter 
in  life  she  became  a  Methodist.  She  died  on 
the  4th  of  March,  188fi. 

The  Doctor  was  their  second  child,  and  was 
horn  not  long  after  their  arrival  in  Oregon. 
Tlicy  gave  him  the  name  of  Francis  .Marion. 
He  was  reared  on  the  farm,  near  Hillsborough, 
and  was  sent  to  the  primitive  little  ecliuuihouse, 


two  miles  and  a  half  from  his  home.  lie  re- 
menibi'rs  Harvey  Scott,  now  editor  of  the  Ore- 
goniaii.as  one  of  his  early  teachers,  l/nter  he  went 
to  the  Pacific  University  at  Forest  Grove.  Then 
he  tinned  his  attention  to  medicine,  .and  studied 
under  the  instruction  of  Dr.  .loseph  Royee,  of 
llillsborongh,  later  with  Dr.  Teale,  of  Unnitilla 
county,  and  in  1885  he  gradtiated  in  the  medi- 
cal liepartuient  of  the  Willamette  University. 
The  following  year  he  ci>inHienced  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  lieavcrtoii,  where  be  has 
since  remained,  nieecing  with  excellent  success 
and  enjoying  a  wide  and  remunerative  practice. 
He  is  thoroughly  identitied  with  the  interests 
of  this  jilace.  lias  invested  in  real  estate,  built  a 
nice  cottage  home,  and  is  a  partner  in  the  mer- 
cantile firm  of  Robinson  it  Davies,  doing  a 
general  merchandise  business  in  Heavert.on. 

In  188'.).  October  20,  Dr.  Robinson  married 
Miss  Lottie  A.  Danks,  a  native  of  tlie  State  i  f 
Wisconsin,  born  in  lSti9,  daughter  of  Augustus 
.V.  Danks.  They  have  one  child,  Xeilie  Melissa, 
born  duly  '27,  1800. 

The  Doi^tor  is  a  member  of  the  1.  O.  O.  F., 
and  also  of  the  Masonic,  fraternity,  being  Past. 
Master  in  the  latter.  He  is  in  national  politics 
a  Republican,  but  in  county  matters  votes  for 
men  and  measures  rather  than  party. 


lARTlN  ROl'RINS,  an  ()regou  pioneer 
of  1852,  and  a  wealthy  and  etiterpiising 
farmer  of  (llackainas  county,  dates  his 
birth  in  Indiana.  April  18,  183S.  He  was  the 
fourth- born  in  the  lamily  of  ten  children  of 
Jacob  and  Sarah  (Spillmati)  Rolii)iiis,  nativiM  of 
Kentucky. 

In  1852  the  Robbins  family  catne  overland  to 
Oregon.  Their  journey  was  made  in  safety; 
hilt,  when  they  n^ached  the  mouth  of  the  Samly 
on  the  Columbia  river,  two  of  the  sons,  Theo- 
dore and  Aaron,  died  of  mounrain  fever.  The 
father  purchased  a  farm  on  Salem  pr.iirie,  where 
they  resided  tor  a  nnmlH>r  of  years.  He  is  still 
living,  liaving  attained  the  ripe  old  age  of 
eighty-three  years.  The  mother  died  in  iStJ"). 
Four  of  the  sons  and  three  of  the  daughters 
still  reside  iti  Oregon,  and  are  among  the  most 
prominent  people  ot  their  .■ounty. 

Martin  Rolibins  was  fo;irteen  yt'ti's  of  age 
when  he  landed  in  Oreiron.  In  1802,  when  he 
became  of  age,  he  went  to  eastern  Oregon,  and 


;4''T*i:;'k_* 


UlUTURY    OF    OHEOON. 


1201 


;>iiie.  lie  ru- 
r  of  the  Ore- 
Lviter  lit!  went 
iji'ove.  Tlien 
e,  and  studied 
.'pli  Hoyce,  (if 
!,  of  Ullllltillll 

in  tlie  iiiwli- 
B  University. 
1  the  practiee 
vhere  lie  hiis 
elleut  sneeess 
itive  practice, 
tlie  interests 
astute,  bnilt  a 
•V  in  the  mer- 
cies, (h)ing  a 
ieaiertoii. 
iisoii   married 

the  State  ■  f 
■  of  Angiifitus 
Kiilie  Moliiisa, 

e  1.  ().  ().  F., 
y,  heing  Past 
ional  politi('a 
ers  Votes   for 


coon  pioneer 
enterprisiiiff 

>ty,  dates   his 

He  was  the 

children    of 

ns,  natives  of 

e  overland  to 
e  in  safety; 
of  the  Sandy 
e  sons,  Theo- 
1  fever.  The 
)raiiie,  wln-ie 
lie  is  still 
old  afft-  of 
lied  in  ISH"). 
le  danirhters 
jng  the  iriost 

years  of  auje 
<()2,  when  lie 
Oregon,  and 


"tl 


eiigaiied  in  the  stock  businoss,  and  for  ten  years 
Kiic(!e88fiilly  carried  on  operations  tliei'o.  Re- 
turning at  the  Willamette  valley  at  the  end  of 
that  time,  he  purchased  720  acres  of  land  in 
Clackamas  county,  and  on  it  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  built  a  nice  residence,  made  other 
substantial  improvements,  and  to-day  has  one  of 
the  liiiest  farms  in  the  county. 

In  18()5  Mr.  Robbiiis  married  Miss  Rose  A. 
Thonipsoii,  who  has  b- cm  a  resident  of  this  State 
since  1852.  They  have  four  cjiildren;  Kffie  E., 
(Jilbert  H.,  Herbert  ^I.  and  Roselynn,  all  at 
hijme. 

Mr.  and  Airs.  Robbins  are  active  mcinbcrs  of 
the  Cxrange.      Politically,  ho  is  a  Democrat. 


tA.  IIAMPY,  institutor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Harrisburg  i3ank.  was  born  in  Carl- 
<*  ton,  frreene  comity,  Illinois,  in  1832.  His 
parents,  Philip  and  Oatharino  f  Davis)  ilampy, 
were  natives  of  South  Carolina,  subsequently 
immigrating  to  Carlton,  where  AFr.  Uamjiv  e! 
gaged  in  the  mercantile  business  and  was  alsi' 
quite  prominent  in  piildic  life,  serving  one  term 
each  as  Clerk  and  llecorder  for  the  county,  and 
eight  years  as  Postmaster  of  (Carlton.  After 
the  death  of  his  mother,  in  18311,  R.  A.  Rampy 
was  reared  by  his  aunt,  Sarah  Davis,  and  re- 
moved to  Ailains  county.  Remaining  with  her 
until  twelve  years  of  age,  he  then  struck  out  for 
self-support,  jjerforminj;  the  lighter  duties  of 
farm  work  until  more  mature,  when  he  engaged 
in  driving  stage  for  John  E.  (!reghton.  Govern- 
ment contractor.  In  the  spring  of  18r)2  young 
Rainpy  started  for  Oregon,  as  helper  to  A.  J. 
VVigle,  and  drove  his  o.\  team  l^rom  Adams 
county  to  Oregon  City.  The  train  numbered 
about  sixteen  Wiigons  and  seventy-five  people, 
and  tliongh  there  was  some  sickness  in  the 
train,  Mr.  Rainpy  came  through  without  acci- 
dent or  inconvenience,  considering  it  a  very 
coMifiiitable  trip.  Arriving  at  the  Dalles,  the 
peoiiii.  went  iiown  the  river  to  the  Cascades  on 
a  flat-l)oat,  and  tl  ■■  itock  were  taken  down  the 
trail.  At  the  uioiith  of  the  Samly  river  they 
again  took  to  their  wagone  and  drove  to  Oregon 
City,  arriving  there  September  22,  1852,  having 
Iwon  live  and  oneiialf  months  on  the  journey. 
Mr.  Rampy  iirst  found  occupation  in  hauling 
logs  to  the  old  sawmill  .>n  the  (Mackanias  river, 
driving  live  yokes  of  oxen,  and  often  wading 
waist  deep  through  mud  and  water;  and  subse- 


(jiKintly  to  the  san'mill  on  I.a  Camas  river,  in 
Washington.  Hen;  he  woi'ked  and  passed  the 
summer  in  rafting  lumber  down  the  river  to  the 
Columbia.  In  the  fall  of  185)}  he  was  taken 
sick  and  went  to  Portland,  where  ho  was  soveial 
months  in  convalescing,  and  by  the  time  his 
health  was  restored  his  money  was  gone,  and  he 
was  dead  broke.  He  then  returned  to  Oregou 
City  and  passed  the  winter  with  .J.  T.  Hun- 
sicker,  lieing  too  weak  for  hard  labor,  he  at- 
teiide<l  to  the  toll  bridge  across  the  (Jlackamas 
river.  In  ilarcli,  185(i,  he  enlisted  with  Cap- 
tain IJlakeby's  Mounted  Volunteers  of  Linn 
county,  and  embarked  for  the  Jtogne  River  war, 
wIkmc  ho  was  engaged  three  months,  and  in  the 
Slimmer  following  went  to  the  Dalles  as  Steward 
in  the  Qiiartcriiiaster's  Department  of  the  car- 
penters' mess,  while  building  the  Government 
barracks.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  ri^turned 
to  till'  home  of  A.  .!.  Wigle,  in  liiiin  county, 
and  jiassed  the  summer  at  farming,  and  returned 
in  the  fall  to  Forest  Grove.  Here  he  attended 
Hohool  for  five  inoiillis.  The  succeeding  years 
were  passed  in  teaming,  mining,  farming,  and 
saloon    busiiKiS.-,   at    Ilarrisburtr.   until    the 

.,  "i  181)0,  wlicii  he  sold  out.  Ill  rhe  spring 
of  IMi'i  he  '  ■<\i  a  course  in  the  Portland  Busi- 
ness (Jolhgt',  mid  then  returning  to  llarrisburg, 
purchased  the  drug  biisine-  of  George  W. 
Churchill,  and  gave  iiiat  his  undivided  attention 
until  1871,  when  he  also  engaged  in  tiie  handling 
of  wool  and  grain.  He  continued  .  tin-  until 
the  fall  of  1881,  when  b.ith  the  drug  -lure  and 
the  warehmise  were  biinied,  to  his  financial  loss. 
He  resumed  the  drug  business,  but,  because  of 
failing  health,  retired  from  business  in  1882, 
and  passed  several  years  in  travel  to  Eastern 
water  cures.  In  the  fall  >f  1  •■  he  built  his 
brick   bank    building  on  ,iier  of  Second 

and  Smith  streets.     In  .i  v,  1888,  he  insti- 

tuted the  llarrisburg  Hank,  and  engaged  in  a  gen- 
(Mal  banking  business.  He  owns  100  acres  of 
land  three  miles  east  of  town,  and  has  other 
valuable  property  interests  in  both  acres  and 
town  property. 

He  was  married,  in  18(35,  to  Miss  Sarah  E. 
.Johnson,  daughter  of  Dr.  Gabriel  Johnson, 
pioneer  of  1853.  They  have  had  two  children, 
Walter  Millard  and  Cecil  Orilda.  Walter  Mil- 
lard died  at  the  residence  of  his  parents,  .(anu- 
ary  18,  1803,  of  typho-inalarial  fever,  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  years,  four  months  and  twenty-six 
days.  From'  the  llarrisburg  paper  we  quote 
the  following: 


VM'i 


lIlti't'OHY    Oh'    OHEOuy. 


i       I'll    i 


1i 


"Our  city  now  mourns  tlw  deatli  of  Millard 
]kamf)y.  The  reluntlef  !*  messeiiffer,  Dontli,  whose 
tiat  none  can  chiiiij^c,  has  chosen  for  his  maris 
one  of  onr  nohlcst  voiinir  :nen.  lie  is  tal<cn 
away  at  tlie  dawn  of  iiis  iniinlidod.  wlien  his 
every  cliaracteristic  qnaliticd  liim  and  puintcd 
him  out  i.s  (Icsti'iP'.'i  to  till  a  life  of  great  useful- 
ness, lint  now  the  silver  cord  is  loosi-d  and  the 
golden  bowl  is  broken.  He  liiis  gone  from  lie- 
j'ore  lis;  and  while  we  realize  that  words  of 
sympathy  can  he  of  little  consolation,  we  do 
sincerely  condole  with  the  grief-stricken  family 
in  this  sa<l  event,  and  a.  a  measure  of  relief  re- 
fer them  til  the  hope  lie)>n(l.  It  is  certiiiidy 
reasonable  to  helieve  that  Ailllard  was  met  on 
the  confines  of  the  country  acros.-.  the  river  by 
the  whole  outpost  of  guardian  angels,  who 
would  safely  conduct  him  to  the  haven  of  rest 
for  which  the  ifood  deeds  of  his  vonn<j  life  had 
BO  eminently  'jnalitied  him. 

"The  deceased  was  the  son  of  Mr.  anil  Mrs. 
K.  A.  Rampy,  honored  and  respected  citizens  of 
our  cmimuiiity.  Though  engaged  in  the  bank- 
ing business,  Mr.  Hampy  always  found  time  to 
give  to  him,  the  hist  ot  his  sons,  wise  counsel 
and  good  lessons,  and  it  is  not  strange  that 
Millard,  with  his  amiable  disposition,  should 
have  grown  up  tc  lie  a  kind,  aft'ectionate  and 
olie<lient  son. 

"He  was  born  in  Ilari  isbiirg,  August  23, 
1874,  and  had  always  residetl  here.  He  was  an 
active  member  of  tlie  Y.  P.  fS.  ('.  K.,  and  it  is 
more  esjiecially  in  this  t'hristian  work  that  his 
kind  disposition  and  the  influence  of  a  pure  and 
noble  heart  were  felt  by  his  associates.  Kvery- 
lioily  loved  Millard,  and  those  who  knew  him 
longest  loved   him  best. 

"  He  had  lieen  iittemling  the  State  Normal 
School  at  Monmnulh  this  year,  but  hail  been 
ailinjj  more  or  less  for  some  time.  He  8|)eiit 
the  holidays  at  honu',  returning  to  school  after 
vacation-  but  being  unable  to  pursue  his  studies, 
he  came  home.  Kvery  eifnrt  was  nuuie  to  con 
ti'ol  the  disease  from  which  he  was  suifering, 
but  to  nil  avail.  He  ij;railiudly  grew  worse  ti 
the  end  came,  which  was  peai'eful  and  painless. 
Thus  passes  from  our  niiilst  one  whose  future 
prospects  seemed  very  bright  inileed. 

"The  funeral  took  place  at  the  Christian 
Church,  Rev.  Wiltse  otliciating.  The  church 
was  appropriately  decorated  with  inscriptions 
and  flow(>rs,  and  the  coriu't  band,  of  which  de- 
ceased was  an  etlicicnt  member,  attended  in  a 
body." 


Mr.  Uampy  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and 
has  served  his  party  its  Treasurer  ot  the  city  for 
one  term,  and  for  many  years  as  Councilman; 
is  also  a  trustee  of  the  Harrisburif  Land  Com- 
])any,  aiui  one  of  the  directors  and  treasurer  of 
the  Ilariisburg  Water- Power  Company.  He  is 
one  of  the  active  and  enterprising  business  men 
of  Harrisburg. 


ILI-IAM  J.  RICK,  District  Attorney 
of  Columbia  county,  is  a  luitive  of  the 
lilue  (irass  State,  and  dates  his  birth 
neiii'  Olive  Hill  in  Carter  county,  July  M,  IStU. 
He  was  the  son  of  Benjamin  .1.  and  Lucinda 
(McClnrg)  Rico,  both  natives  ot  Kentucky,  the 
paternal  ancestors  formerly  from  N'irginia  and 
the  maternal  were  of  Scotch-Irislr  e.xtraction. 
Our  sul>ject  was  the  tirst-born  in  a  family  of  ten 
children.  His  collegiate  c<iurse  of  studies  were 
completed  at  Central  College,  at  Danville,  Vir- 
ginia, in  1881,  and  in  the  same  year  he  began 
the  study  of  his  profession  with  Z.  T.  Voung  and 
John  M.  Rice  as  his  prece|)tors. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Morehead,  Rowan  county,  in  1885.  He 
engaged  in  practice  in  that  city  four  years,  and 
then  came  to  Hillsborough,  in  Washington 
county,  in  188',*,  and  establisheil  a  partnership 
with  W.  D.  Hare,  and  continued  in  practice 
until  1>^'.I2.  When  the  partiu-rsliip  ceastnl  Mr. 
iJice  located  at  St.  Helen,  where  he  has  estab- 
lished a  lucrative  practice,  and  purchased  a  fine 
property.  Mr.  liice  was  appointed  District  At- 
torney in  June  of  that  year  (18',t2).  He  owns 
pniperty  in  the  Chehalem  valley,  consisting  of 
inO  acres  with  forty  under  cultivation  He  has 
ten  acres  in  prunes  and  two  in  a  general  variety 
of  fruits  and,  in  addition  to  his  home  property, 
he  owns  vacant  lots  in  the  city  of  I'ortlaiuJ,  and 
in  Highland  i'ark,  all  of  it  very  valuable. 

Mr.  Rice  was  united  in  mairiage  at  More- 
head,  Kentui^ky,  to  Miss  Sallie  i  arey,  March  1, 
1S85.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Jiulge  and 
Permelia  \.  Carey.  Hon.  James  Carey  is  a 
well-known  and  jirominent  gentleman,  of  More- 
head,  Kentucky.  He  sefveil  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment during  the  liebelliim  with  the  rank  of 
(Jolonel.  He  also  particij)ated  in  the  Me.xican 
war  with  (leneral.  Scott.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rice 
liav(!  but  one  child,  (,'ar(*y  L.;  another,  Kdney 
I'.,  having  died  in  infancy. 


Ill  STORY    OF    OliMaoX. 


1203 


j)()litic,s,  iind 
t  till-  city  for 
i'oimuilinan; 
Land  Corn- 
treasurer  of 
)an_y.  lie  is 
msiiiess  men 


et  Attorney 
lative  of  tlie 
e8  his  l)irtii 
Illy  ;{,  18«4. 
iiul  Lucinda 
entucky,  tlio 
rirgiiiia  and 
I-  extraction, 
'ainilj  of  ten 
studies  were 
anvjlle,  Vir- 
3ar  lie  began 
'.  VouTig  and 

nitted  to  the 
1885.  lie 
ir  years,  and 
Washington 
partnersliip 
ill  practice 
)  cea6«l  Mr. 
le  has  estab- 
liiased  a  fine 
District  At- 
).  lie  owns 
:on6isting  of 
on.  He  has 
leral  variety 
ne  [ir()()erty, 
'ortland,  and 
liiable. 
ge  at  More- 
?y.  March  1, 
.iudge  and 
Carey  is  a 
an,  of  More- 
'ederal  Gov- 
1  tiie  rank  of 
the  Mexican 
I  Mrs.  \l'u-e 
>tlier,  Edney 


Mr.  llice  is  a  stanch  and  steadfast  Repub- 
lican, and  takes  an  active  interest  in  political 
issues.  He  is  prominently  connected  with  the 
K.  of  P.,  also  St.  Helen  Lodge,  No.  117,  I.  O. 
().  F.  and  the  order  of  Foresters.  Mr.  Ilice'e 
parents  are  still  living,  and  reside  upon  the 
same  Kentucky  farm  where  he  was  born,  as  was 
his  mother  before  him. 


I?-,^AY11)  J.  KILEY. — Among  the  prosperous 
and  enterprising  bu>iiie8s  men  of  Dallas, 
Polk  county,  Oregon,  who  have  done  much 
to  promote  the  growth  and  development  of  the 
city  in  which  they  reside,  may  be  found  the 
gentleman  whose  name  heads  this  article. 

David  J.  lliley  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1853,  son  of  F.  J.  and  Bertha 
((Tfeon)  Uiley,  the  former  a  native  of  New  York 
and  the  latter  of  New  Jersey,  but  reared  in  New 
York.  Grandfather  Robert  Riley  came  to  the 
United  States  from  Nova  Scotia.  F.  J.  Riley 
was  a  machinist  by  trade,  led  an  honorable  and 
upright  lite,  and  died  in  18U2.  His  wife  is  <till 
living.  Her  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812. 

David  J.  is  the  oldest  in  a  family  of  three 
children.  Until  he  was  sixteen  he  attended 
the  public  schools  in  Boston,  and  at  that  time 
began  to  do  for  himself.  He  serveil  an  appren- 
ticeship of  three  years  to  the  carpenters'  trade, 
and  then  worked  as  a  journeyman  five  years.  In 
1878  he  came  to  Dallas,  Oregon,  making  the 
journey  liy  way  of  California,  and  r.fte»- working 
three  years  in  this  place  at  his  trade,  purchased 
a  sawmill  in  the  mountains,  and  ran  it  success- 
fully Iwo  years.  Then,  disposing  of  his  mill 
property,  he  entered  into  a  partnership  with  F. 
J.  Coad,  and  built  the  planing-mill  and  sash  and 
door  manufactory  in  Dallas,  in  which  they  have 
since  conducted  a  successful  business.  This  is 
the  first  and  only  manufactory  of  the  kind  in 
Dallas.  They  have  also  been  prominently  iden 
tified  with  the  contracting  and  building  inter- 
ests of  the  city,  having  been  the  contractors  and 
builders  of  tho  Holmaii  Hotel  and  other  noted 
buildings  here.  In  1892,  seeing  the  need  of 
their  young  and  growing  city  being  lighted  with 
electricity,  they  investigated  the  (iifferent  lights 
and  had  the  enterprise  to  jmrchase  and  put  in 
the  plant  with  which  the  city  is  now  lighted. 
They  have  twenty-six  arc  lights  ami  forty  incaii- 
descents,  the  very  newest  and   best  system,  and 


a  perjxitual  franchise.  Mr.  Riley  is  also  a 
stockholder  in  the  large  woolen  factory,  now 
being  erected  in  Dallas,  with  a  capacity  of  1,200 
pounds  of  wool  per  day.  He  and  his  partner 
are  each  building  for  themselves  handsome  resi- 
dences in  this  city. 

Mr.  Riley  was  married  January  22,  1891,  to 
Fanny  Lovelady,  a  native  of  Polk  county,  Ore- 
gon, and  a  daughter  of  Thomas  J.  Lovelady,  an 
Oregon  pioneer  of  1844. 

Mr.  Riley  is  a  pi<)iiiinent  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  F.,  and  is  P.  (,".  P.  of  the  Encainj)meiit.  Po- 
litically, he  affiliates  with  the  Republican  party, 
having  served  as  an  efficient  member  of  the  (Jity 
Council.  A  man  of  ability  and  the  highest  in- 
tegrity, he  is  eminently  deserving  of  the  pros- 
perity he  has  attained. 


I^ON.  THOMAS  ROE,  of  Forest  Grove, 
fjftn  Oregon,  is  a  pioneer  of  1850.  He  was 
*!gS|  born  in  the  township  of  Fleming,  (^'ayuga 
county.  New  York,  August  21,  1827.  His 
father,  Thomas  Roe,  was  a  native  of  Northamp- 
ton, England,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
about  the  year  1820.  He  had  married  Anna 
Barnett,  of  Bedfordshire,  England.  They 
brought  with  them  their  family  of  seven  chil- 
dren, and  our  subject  and  another  child  were 
added  to  the  family  in  this  country.  They  set- 
tled in  New  York,  but  in  1832  removed  to 
Ohio,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Huron  county, 
where  Mr.  Roe,  Sr.,  resided  until  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1842.  He  had 
acijnired  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the 
best  farmers  in  Huron  county,  as  his  farm  be- 
came such,  a  fine  one  under  his  management. 
His  wife  died  in  1840. 

Mr.  Thomas  Roe,  Jr.,  was  their  eighth  child, 
and  he  was  reared  and  educated  on  the  Western 
Reserve  in  Huron  county,  and  his  education  was 
obtained  from  the  school  that  he  attended  dar- 
ing the  winter  months  only,  as  he  had  to  assist 
on  the  farm  in  the  summer.  In  1848  he  went 
to  Michigan,  and  was  engaged  in  sawmiliing  in 
Palmyra,  Lenawee  county,  six  miles  below 
Adrian.  Here  he  sawed  the  scautlina  on  which 
the  straps  of  iron  were  spiked  for  the  first  rail- 
road between  Adrian  and  Toledo,  and  on  this 
kind  of  a  track  the  first  railroad  in  Michigan 
was  run.  .After  remaining  there  two  years  he 
came  overlanU  to  Californa,  and  worked  in  the 


1204 


HIHTUUY    OF    OlihilON. 


iiiiiu's  at  Jlaiii^towM  and  ('ulil  Siji-in^ri,  where  lie 
made  al)(.iiit  Sb  a  day,  l)iil  he  lost  liis  liealtli. 
living  (III  ])ork  and  [lancakei;,  and  liis  |iliy.sician 
advised  iiiiii  to  o-o  where  he  could  j^et  vcireta- 
hles.  Therefore,  he  came  on  the  hrig  Veto  to  Ore- 
gon. On  that  voyaifc  they  were  thirty  ilays  out 
of  HJ^ht  ol'  land,  lie  renniined  a  nu»nth  at  As- 
toria, hut  alidut  Ciiristnuis  arrived  at  Portland. 
He  settled  on  the  Cowlitz,  takini.f  a  donation 
claim,  which  was  c(jvered  with  tall  trees  and 
lii'ii>h.  Duriiiir  the  six  years  I  hat  he  had  it  he 
made  a  cdearin^'on  it,  anil  at  the  end  of  that  time 
sold  it  for  j(iJ,(IO(), 

His  ne.\t  venture  was  in  the  mercantile  line 
at  ^^onticello,  where  he  remained  until  1870. 
While  he  was  engaged  in  farminir,  the  first 
thinii  he  tried  to  raise  was  ven-etahhs,  which  he 
sent  to  the  mines.  Then  he  found  that  hay  was 
a  paying  crop,  and  he  has  the  credit  of  taking 
the  first  scow  load  from  the  Cowlitz  country  to 
the  harracks  at  \'ancouver,  and  he  received  $20 
a  ton  for  it.  In  1871  he  went  to  Forest  Grove, 
to  be  near  the  Pacific  I'niversit}',  as  he  desired 
to  give  his  children  the  ailv.mlages  to  he  ob- 
tained in  that  school,  lie  tirst  purchased  a  one- 
half  section  of  land  between  Cornolins  and 
Forest  (xrove,  hut  later  sold  it  and  ])nrchased 
seven  miles  southwest  of  Forest  (irove  500 
acres.  On  this  property  he  has  been  engaged 
in  raising  hay,  heavy  work  horses,  and  also 
Hereford  cattle.  In  all  the  enterprises  of  his 
lil'i^  he  has  been  a  success.  This  success  he  has 
ac(iuired  by  the  most  jiersistent  industry  and 
honesty. 

lie  has  also  taken  a  deej)  interest  in  the  growth 
ami  improvement  of  Forest  Grove,  and  to  aid 
the  town  has  taken  stock  in  the  cannery  and 
electric  light  plant. 

lie  was  nnirried  on  the  10th  day  of  Movem- 
her,  1857,  to  Miss  .Mary  .Vnn  Ostrander,  of 
Missouri,  and  a  daughter  of  Dr.  N'athaniel  Os- 
trander. I'bey  came  to  Oregon  in  1852.  Four 
children  have  blessed  this  union,  of  whom  three 
are  living.  One  son,  liarnett  Y.,  became  a 
lawyer,  and  is  now  nianajijing  the  farm;  Charles 
O.  is  in  business  in  Tacoma;  and  the  daufjhter, 
.\iina  E.,  is  now  attcMiding  the  Pacific  Univer- 
sity. 

.Mrs.  Roe  is  a  mcndier  of  the  Congregational 
Church.  Mr.  Kue  has  always  lieen  a  Democrat 
in  |)olitios,  but  is  a  man  of  a  great  deal  of  char- 
acter, and  vot(^s  his  own  ticket.  Il(^  has  never 
comuicted  himself  with  any  of  the  societies  of 
the  country. 


In  185()  he  was  elected  to  tlu^  Washington 
Legislature,  and  in  1874  was  elected  to  the  Ore- 
gon Legislature.  In  both  instances  he  distin- 
guished him.'ielf  by  the  clearness  of  his  political 
opinions. 

In   1872   he  built  a  very    pleasant  home  in' 
Forest  (irove,  where  he   has  since   resided.      It 
is   a  jileasant  jilace   that  these  worthy  pioneers 
have  built,  and  where  they  enjoy  the  comforts 
that  their  honest  efforts  have  secured. 


f.VSPEIi  RICIvAItD,  one  of  the  successful 
farmers  of  Lane  county,  living  near  .Inne- 
tiun  City,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Davidson 
county.  North  Carolina,  March  15,  1S22.  II is 
parents.  Peter  and  Susan  (Kijiley)  Uickard, 
were  natives  of  the  same  State,  but  in  18iJ5, 
immigrated  to  I'ike  county,  Indiaiui;  there  the 
father  reduced  a  wild  tract  of  land  to  a  state  of 
cultivation,  and  also  engaged  in  the  blacksmiths' 
trade.  Casper  Rickard  remained  with  his  par- 
ents until  ls47,  but  during  the  latter  years  of 
hi-  lesidence  at  home  he  had  independent  aj^ri- 
cuiiural  and  milling  interests,  lie  was  mar- 
ried in  Pike  county,  Indiana,  March  25,  1847, 
to  jMiss  Catherine  Ivinie;  he  purchased  a  farm 
after  this  event,  and  lived  on  the  place  until 
1858.  lie  then  sold  out,  and  with  two  wan-ons, 
seven  yoke  of  oxen  and  hfteen  cows,  he  set  out 
to  cross  the  plains  to  the  Pacitic  coast,  as  cap- 
tain of  a  train  of  seven  wagons.  The  latter  part  of 
their  journey  was  most  laborious,  as  they  opened 
their  own  trail,  much  of  the  time  traveling  in 
the  river  bed.  At  the  end  of  eight  months  they 
arrived  in  the  Willamette  valley;  the  whole 
company  had  suflfered  from  illness,  and  the  oldest 
son  of  Mr.  Rickard  had  died.  Much  of  the 
live-stock  perished,  and  it  became  necessary  to 
])nrcha8e  an  extra  yoke  of  oxen  to  complete  the 
journey. 

.Mr.  Rickard  located  in  Benton  county,  twelve 
miles  south  of  Corvallia  on  a  claim  of  825  acres; 
he  followed  farming  and  stock-raising  for  twenty 
years,  and  added  other  lands  by  purchase  to  the 
amount  of  1,000  acres.  About  the  year  1875 
he  removed  to  Lane  county,  and  bought  a  tract 
ol  562  acres  of  land,  which  he  has  since  increased 
to  700  acres:  170  acres  are  sown  to  grain,  and 
the  place  is  well  stocked  with  sheep,  cattle  and 
horses. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rickard  have  four  surviving 
children:  Jasper,  Susanna,  wife    of    Ferdinand 


UftiTUliy     OF    OliI'J(!'>.\. 


1205 


Tracer;  Ainiimla  J.,wifeot'.Junies  Calvert;  Sarali 
A.,  wife  of  Alexander  A.  Foster.  Mr.  llicluird 
is  a  member  of  . I  unction  City  Lodge,  No.  5(), 
A.  F.  A;  A.  M.  Politics  liave  claimed  little 
of  luB  attention,  but  tlKiij^li  lie  lias  attained  the 
allotted  three  score  years  and  ten,  he  still  takes 
the  active  management  ot  his  estates. 

fll.  oil!. AN  DO  I'.  S.  PLl'MMKU,  is  one 
of  I'ortliind's  higlily  res|)ccted  business 
and  jiroits.sional  men.  lie  was  born  in 
the  State  o'f  Penn.^ylvaniH,  April  13,  1836.  His 
father,  John  B.  I'luminer,  was  also  a  native  of 
that  State,  the  family  originatintr  in  England, 
from  where  they  emigrated  to  New  England 
with  the  Puritans,  settling  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts.  11  is  grandfather  Plurnnier, 
mari'ied  a  Miss  AVard,  a  daughter  of  General 
Ward,  who  fought  in  the  Revolution.  The 
Doctor's  father  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Craig, 
of  Westmoreland  county,  Pennsylvania.  They 
had  live  children,  all  of  whom  are  living,  the 
Doctor  being  the  youngest. 

He  was  reared  in  Mercer  county,  Pennsyl- 
vaiua,  and  was  educated  in  the  Greenville 
Academy,  and  received  his  medical  education  at 
the  Jelferson  Medical  College;,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1857.  He  practiced  his  profession 
for  five  years  in  Illinois,  after  which  he  came  to 
Portland,  Oregon,  in  the  summer  of  18^)8.  He 
came  to  Oregon  in  the  interest  of  the  telegraph 
company,  the  line  having  just  been  established 
and  connections  made  with  California.  Dr. 
Phiinmer  di<l  all  the  operating  in  Portland  dur- 
ing the  summer  of  18(5 1.  There  are  now  (189^) 
over  150  men  eiujiloyed  in  this  service,  showing 
the  changes  twenty-eight  years  have  wro\iglit. 
The  Doctor  served  as  superintendent  of  the 
lines  in  northern  California  ami  Oregon  for 
seven  years  and  a  half.  In  1877  he  opened  his 
drug  business  in  Portland,  on  First  street,  and 
has  since  done  a  very  successful  business.  In 
1891  he  built  his  own  brick  block,  50  x  70  feet, 
two  stories  and  a  basement,  on  the  southeast 
co^ner  of  Third  and  Madison  streets,  which  he 
has  had  finished  for  his  business,  and  where  he 
keeps  a  full  stock  of  druggists'  goods.  He  was 
for  several  years  connected  with  the  medical 
college.  He  first  held  the  chair  of  Hygiene, 
then  that  of  Materia  Medica,  for  some  years, 
in  the    medical  department,  of  the  Willamette 


University,  and  was  Dean  of  the  College  Faculty. 
He  resigned  this  position  a  few  years  ago,  on 
account  of  pressure  of  otljer  business.  He  does 
not  confine  himself  to  his  drug  business  alone, 
but  is  also  somewhat  interested  in  horticnlt\ire. 
He  has  a  farm  of  thirty  acres  located  three 
miles  southwest  of  the  city  of  Portlainl,  which 
he  has  much  im|)roved,  anil  on  which  he  raises 
a|)ples,  ]iear8,  peaches  and  large  nuantities  of 
prunes.  He  is  meeting  with  considerable  suc- 
cess in  this  departure,  it  serving  as  an  enjoy- 
able relaxation  from  his  other  business  as  well, 
lie  is  first  vice-])resideiit  of  the  Oregon  Hor- 
ticultural Society,  and  has  held  that  liono;:i';,io 
))lace  during  several  successive  years.  He  is 
also  an  active  and  prominent  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  is  Past  Master  of  i'ort- 
land  Lodge,  Xo.  55,  having  tilled  the  Chair  of 
Worshijiful  Master  for  three  consecutive  terms. 
He  has  advanced  through  all  the  sublime  de- 
grees of  the  order,  to,  and  including  the  thirty- 
second  degree,  Scottish  rite. 

He  was  married  in  1858,  and  had  three 
daughters,  all  of  whom  are  married  and  settled 
in  life.  His  second  marriage  occurred  July-I, 
1874,  to  Miss  Martha  E.  Kelly,  daughter  of 
Rev.  Albert  Kelly.  They  have  five  children, 
all  except  one  having  been  born  in  Oregon,  the 
other  one  was  born  in  San  Francisco. 

In  politics,  he  is  a  Republican,  having  been 
a  strong  advocate  of  its  principles  since  its  or- 
ganization, and  has  twice  been  honored  by  an 
election  to  the  Legislature  of  his  State,  and  has 
served  in  the  Council  of  his  city.  He  is  a  Pres- 
byterian in  religion,  and  is  a  Ruling  Elder  in  the 
Fourth  Presbyterian  Church  of  Pm-tland.  Of 
nnimpeachable  fidelity,  integrity  of  purpose, 
honorable  in  his  dealings  with  his  fellow-men, 
courteous  and  sympathetic,  he  has  succeeded  in 
l)U8ines8  beyond  most  men's  fondest  hopes,  and 
enjoys  the  respect  and  esteem  of  a  large  circle 
of  friends. 


iXDREW,!.  SPORRV,  M.  D.,  a  member 
of  the  medical  profession  of  Portland  Ore- 
gon, was  born  in  Zurich,  Switzerland,  in 
September,  18(50.  In  that  vicinity  his  ances- 
tors had  lived  for  many  generations,  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits,  the  same  business  descend- 
ing fiom  father  to  son  through  a  long  lineage. 
Andrew  J.,  however,  digressed   from   the  usual 


130(1 


iiisroiiy  ov  oimnoN. 


roiitiiio  and  studied  for  ii  prot'ossioiml  life.  His 
i'ii(liiiiL'!itarv  educiitioii  was  received  iit  tiie 
(i}'mnasiiiiii,  a  bcIiooI  .embracing  tlu^  languages 
and  science,  ami  preparing  pupils  for  cdUege. 
There  young  Sporry  became  proficient  in 
(iermaii,  French,  Englieli,  Spanisli,  (ireek  and 
Hebrew,  lie  then  entered  tlie  medical  depart 
moMt  of  the  University  of  Zurich,  where,  after 
five  years  of  study  and  research,  he  graduated 
with  hiinor  in  1885,  receiving  the  degree  of 
M.  1). 

Having  completed  liis  studies,  Dr.  Sporry 
traveled  through  France,  Italy  anil  (terinany, 
visiting  hospitals  and  attending  lectures,  and 
meeting  many  eminent  physicians,  among  whom 
was  Dr.  Lioiiertz  at  Berlin,  the  manufacturer  of 
tubi-rcoline  for  Dr.  Koch. 

In  April  18^7,  Mr.  Sporry  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  with  the  intention  of  going  to 
South  .Vmerica;  but,  meeting  en  voyage  Mr. 
(t.  Schindler,  the  Swiss  Consul,  a  resident  of 
Porthuxl,  he  was  induce!  to  visit  this  city. 
Heing  im))ressed  with  the  city's  prospects,  and 
learning  of  the  diseases  of  its  inhabitants,  heat 
once  o])ened  an  office  in  East  Portland.  His 
success  seemed  achieved  from  the  very  com- 
mencement, and  in  ^[areli,  1888,  through  press 
of  business,  he  was  compelled  to  move  hisotfice 
to  the  west  side.  lie  then  located  upon  the 
corner  of  Fifth  and  Morrison  streets,  where  he 
has  since  contiinied.  lie  now  conducts  a  gen- 
eral practice,  with  the  view  of  ultimately  set- 
tling upon  a  specialty. 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  li.  P.  ().  E., 
Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  Grutly  Vcrein 
lictievolent  Society  among  the  Swiss,  and  the 
German  Aid  Society.  He  has  already  attained 
considerable  prominence  ai>d  popularity,  and, 
without  doubt,  has  a  bright  future   before  him. 


ISAAC  W.  SMITH,  secretary  of  the  City 
Waterworks,  of  Portland,  was  born  in 
Sj)uttsylvania  c(Minty,  Virginia,  in  182B. 
llev.  George  A.  Sn)ith,  his  father,  was  of  En- 
glish descent  and  was  a  noted  clergyman  of  the 
Episcopal  Church.  He  officiated  for  a  number 
of  years  at  Norfolk  and  Alexandria,  Virginia, 
and  died  at  the  latter  place  at  the  advanced  age 
of  eighty-tive  years,  lie  was  founder  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Southern  Churchman,  which  is 
still  being  published  at  Alexandria.     His  wife, 


<  )j)helia  (Williams)  Smith,  was  born  in  (hilpoper 
county,  Virginia,  where  her  ancestors,  English 
people,  had  settled  in  17~0.  Her  gi'andfather. 
Captain  Philip  Slaughter,  served  the  ('ontinent- 
al  army  for  eight  years,  during  the  {{evolution- 
ary war.  It  was  on  the  Slaughter  plantation 
that  the  battle  of  Slaughter  was  fought  between 
Generals  Poi)e  and  "Stonewall"  Jackson  in  the 
late  war.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  had  eight  chil- 
dren, seven  of  whom  are  still  living,  Isaac  W. 
being  the  tirst-born. 

The  sul)j(H't  of  our  sketch  was  educated  at  the 
State  Military  Institute  at  Lexington,  Virginia, 
where  he  graduated  in  1848,  "  Stonewall  "  jack- 
son  being  one  of  the  |)rofes8ors.  After  complet- 
ing his  education  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Polk  as  Second  Lieutenant  of  the  Voltigeur 
Regiment  for  the  ^Mexican  service.  At  Vera 
Cruz  Lieutenant  Smith  was  connected  with  the 
detachment  of  Alajor  i-ally  and  engaged  in  a 
running  tight  while  marching  toward  the  city 
of  Mexico.  At  Cordova  he  was  taken  ill  and 
confined  several  months  in  the  Castle  of  Perote. 
Then  returning  to  the  States,  he  was  placed  in 
the  recruiting  service  and  stationeil  at  Haiti- 
more.  At  the  close  of  the  war  and  disband- 
ing of  his  regiment,  Mr.  Smith  returned  to  his 
profession  of  civil  engineer.  In  1853  he  joined 
the  United  States  Engineer  Corps,  under  charge 
of  Lieutenant  Williamson,  and  with  them  came 
to  the  Pacific  coast  to  make  the  Government 
survey  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroa<l.  Ar- 
riving at  San  Francisco,  they  were  escorted  by 
the  command  of  (Captain  Stoneinan  and  worked 
on  the  line  toward  Fort  Vuma,  the  country 
then  being  wild,  unsettled  and  iiifested  with  In- 
dians. (Continuing  this  service  until  1855,  Mr. 
Smith  was  then  sent  to  Olympia,  Washington 
Terri'ory,  where  he  conducted  the  surveys  of 
public  lands  and  also  superintended  the  build- 
ing of  lighthouses  at  Tatoosh  island  and  Shoal- 
water  bay,  the  first  lighthouses  built  north  of 
the  Columbia  river.  During  the  Indian  war 
of  the  Northwest  he  was  aid-de-camp  of  (Gov- 
ernor Ste])hens,  of  Washington  Territory,  and 
served  in  various  official  capacities  for  about 
twelve  months.  With  the  opening  of  the  civil 
war,  in  1861,  Mr.  Smith  returned  to  Virginia 
and  was  appointed  (,'aptain  of  the  Engineer 
Corps  of  the  Confederacy,  with  headquarters  at 
Riclimond,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  in  1866  hu  went  to  Mexico  and  was  em- 
ployeil  as  engineer  upon  the  Imperial  Mexican 
railroad    between    Vera    Cruz  and  the  city  of 


UlSTOIiY    (>/''    OJlKiloy. 


1S07 


Mexico.  Ill  1870,  lie  ivtiirned  to  Oregon  hihI 
WHS  eiiifftgod  upon  tlui  Nortlierii  I'licitic,  railmiid 
Ix'tweeii  tlie  Culuiiiliia  river  iind  'racouift,  mid 
laid  otf  tin-  site  of  tim  preaeiit  city  of  Tacoina, 
lioforc  a  iioiirtC  whh  erected  there,  lii  lS71-'72 
he  i)uiit  the  steanilioat  ioclis  at  Oregon  (Jity. 
He  was  next  employed  hy  tiie  Doiniiiioii  (iov- 
eriiinetit  in  inaKiiiii;  a  wiirvey  of  the  Fraser 
river.  Tlien  going  to  (!alit'ornia,  lie  wan  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  Hoard  of  State  Railroad 
Cotninissiotiera,  and  served  two  years.  lie  aft- 
erwardserved  two  years  as  chief  engineer  for 
the  San  Fnincieco   Ilarhor  Gonimissionerfi. 

Hetnrning  to  Oregon,  he  was  an|)ointed  As- 
sistant chief  engineer  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad,  and  located  the  lines  across  the  Cas- 
cades to  Tacoina.  In  lSS5-'86  he  snperin- 
tended  the  coiistrnetion  of  the  waterworks  at 
Tacoina,  ilanuary  1,  1887,  he  canu'  to  Portland 
as  engineer  for  the  City  Water  Company,  in 
bringing  the  water  from  Bull  llun  to  this  city. 
That  work,  however,  was  delayed,  and  in  the 
meantime  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of 
the  City  Waterworlvs,  which 
fills. 


position  he  now 


tON.  WILLIAM  SAVAGE,  a  prominent 
business  man  and  farmer  of  Polk  county, 
and  an  ( )regon  pioneer  of  1845,  was  born 
in  Oswego  county.  New  York,  in  the  town  of 
Mexico,  September  18,  1826. 

His  father,  (ribson  Savage,  was  born  in  Onei- 
da county.  New  "\'ork,  July  15,  17U6,  his  an- 
cestors having  come  from  Ireland  and  settled  in 
America  at  an  early  day.  (ii'andfather  Joel 
Savage  enrolled  himself  in  the  lievolutionary 
army  when  seventeen  years  of  age.  He  fought 
in  the  battle  of  Saratoga.  Afterward  he  was 
captured  by  the  Indians,  was  made  to  run  the 
gauntlet,  was  saved  and  adoj)ted  by  an  Indian 
woman  of  influence  in  the  tribe.  He  had  been 
wounded  several  times.  After  being  held  a 
captive  about  a  year,  he  was  taken  by  the  En- 
glish to  (Quebec,  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  was 
»M\t  by  the  English  Government  to  Boston. 
Gibson  Savage  married  Ester  (Joit,  whose  an- 
cestors it  is  supposed  were  originally  (Termans. 
Several  hundred  years  ago,  however,  they  set- 
tled in  Ireland,  and  from  there  emigrated  to 
America,  coming  here  during  the  early  settle- 
ment of  the  colonies.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Savage  had 
four  children,  three  of  whom   arc  living.     One 


daughter  died  in  1815.  One  son  resides  in 
lierrieii  county,  Michigan,  and  a  (.'aughter  in 
Mexico,  New  York. 

Mr.  Savage  at  the  age  of  five  years  lost  his 
father,  and  when  sixteen  left  home  to  make  his 
own  way  in  the  world.  He  went  to  Findlay, 
Ohio,  where  he  clerked  in  a  store,  taught  school, 
and  later  served  as  clerk  in  the  Treasurer's 
otlice.  In  1845  he  worked  his  way  across  the 
plains  by  driving  loose  cattle  for  Colonel  Tay- 
lor, of  Astoria.  They  left  Independence  May 
(),  1845,  and  made  a  pleasant  trip,  arriving  at 
the  Dalles  September  27,  and  at  Liniiton  Octo- 
ber 17.  There  were  four  or  five  houses  at  Linn- 
ton  then  and  only  one  house  where  Portland 
now  is. 

^Ir.  Savage  worked  on  the  Cohimbia  a  good 
deal  that  winter,  helping  emigrants  down  and 
doing  any  other  work  he  could  get.  That  winter 
he  helped  to  build  the  first  sawmill  in  Yam 
Hill  county,  which  was  known  as  the  Hubbard 
mill  in  Moore's  valley,  and  which  was  burned 
down  the  tbllowing  year.  In  the  winter  of 
1846-'47.  he  worked  for  Dr.  Sitton,  and  later 
went  to  the  Uinpqna  valley  on  an  exploring  ex- 
pedition. In  184U,  lured  by  the  discovery  of 
gold  in  California,  he  went  thither  and  was  en- 
gaged in  mining  cm  Wood  creek  and  the  Mokel- 
umne  river.  Sickness  caused  his  return  to  Ore- 
gon, but  after  his  recovery  he  again  sought  the 
gold  diggings  i'l  California  and  mined  on  Chmr 
creek  and  Feather  river.  One  morning  as  they 
started  to  work,  he  and  five  others,  they  agreed 
that  the  first  one  who  got  $100  should  buy  a 
bottle  of  whisky.  It  proved  a  fortunate  day 
for  them,  as  several  got  $100  and  one  man  got 
$700.  With  what  gold  Mr.  Savage  had  secured, 
he  returned  to  Polk  county  in  1850,  and  in  the 
northwest  part  of  the  county  purchased  i]20 
acres  of  choice  land,  on  which  he  kept  "  bich  " 
four  years. 

In  1854,  July  30,  Mr.  Savage  married  Miss 
Sarah  Brown,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  James  II.  Brown,  a  pioneer  of  1850. 
They  resided  on  the  place  thirty  years,  improved 
the  farm,  and  reared  a  family  of  eight  children, 
all  of  whom  are  living,  six  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, as  follows:  Edson,  who  is  married  and  re- 
sides in  Sheridan;  Gibson  married  and  living 
in  Franklin  county,  Washington;  James  lives 
near  his  father:  Laura,  wife  of  P.  li.  Fennal, 
resides  in  Yam  Hill  county;  William,  Franklin 
county,  Washington;  Sarah,  wife  of  T.  B.  Stone; 
Daniel,  engaged  in  the  stock  business  in   Wash- 


ft 


1808 


iijsroitr  uF  (tUKooN. 


iiigton;  hikI  Austin  nt  home  with  liiK  t'litiier. 
Mr.  Savn^i' iiiai'rieil  his  ]iresniit  wife  Dccciiilior 
^0,  LSS3.  Shi)  was  fonii.  riy  Miss  Mary  C 
Lady,  and  is  a  native  of  Vain  Hill  comity.  A 
biograpliy  of  hur  fatiior,  .laini;»  \V.  I.,iidy,  will 
be  found  on  another  paj^e  of  tiiis  work.  The 
eiiihlren  of  this  union  are  Kster  sind  Alta. 

Mr.  Savage  engaged  extensively  in  the  ntock 
Inisiness,  raising  large  iierds  of  cattle,  ami  from 
18(>2  till  187ii  he  was  out  with  his  stock  in  all 
kinds  of  weather,  camping  wherever  night  over- 
took him.  In  1871  he  went  East  and  drove  hack 
across  the  jjlains  "i/iOO  head  of  cattle.  After 
getting  them  fairly  out  on  the  plains,  he  drove 
tlicni  tliriMigh  in  safety  with  the  assistance  of 
only  six  iiieii.  As  the  years  rolled  by  and  pros- 
perity attended  his  efforts,  he  purchased  other 
lantis  until  he  i)ecairie  the  owner  of  1,500  acres. 
Later  he  sold  oif  a  portion  of  his  land  at  a  nice 
profit.  Ills  farm,  now  eoniprising  400  acres, 
IS  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  the  county. 

While  he  has  been  largely  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock-raising,  he  has  also  been  interested 
in  various  other  enterprises.  He  is  the  founder 
anil  president  of  the  Dallas  City  Hank,  the  first 
bank  established  in  the  county.  M.  M.  Ellis  is 
his  partner  in  the  banking  business,  and  is  cash- 
ier. Mr.  Saviige  has  lieeii  a  loading  Ivcpubli- 
can  since  the  organization  of  the  party.  He 
attended  the  tirst  meeting  of  Republicans  here 
and  helped  in  its  organization.  Ili'  served  two 
years  in  the  State  liCgislatiire,  during  which 
time  he  aided  in  carrying  through,  over  much 
opposition,  the  measures  which  resulted  in  the 
buihiing  of  theOrjgon  Insane  Asylum,  an  in- 
stitution which  is  a  credit  to  Oregon,  and  now 
contains  ."JOO  of  these  nnfortunate  wards  of  the 
State.  Mr.  Savage  also  helped  to  organize  the 
(irange  here,  and  was  Master  of  it  for  five 
years. 

Such  is  a  brief  sketch  of  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative pioneers  of  Oregon. 


».^H-^ 


'"  :Slit 


U)N.  JOHN  lULEY  SANDERS,  a  promi- 
nent farmer  of  Vam   Hill  county,  and  an 
esteemed    Oregon    pioneer  of    1851,   is  a 
native  of  IJlooniington,  Indiana,  where  he  was 
born  March  8,  183o. 

His  father.  Joseph  Sanders,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky, May  iil,  1812,  of  Irish  ancestors,  who 
settled  in  America  previous  to  the  Kevolntion, 


in  which  conrtict  they  jiarticipated  on  the  side 
ol  the  C(donies.  (Jrandfatlier  J(jhii  Sanders, 
was  a  Haptist  missionary  and  farmer,  and  a 
j)ioneer  settler  in  Kentncky.  His  son,  Joseph, 
was  married  to  Miss  ( !harlotte  Kay,  also  a  native 
of  Kentucky.  They  had  two  children,  Nancy 
Emaline,  now  the  widow  of  ^Mr.  George  Hill- 
ings, residing  in  Sheridan;  and  John  liiley,  the 
subject  of  our  sketch. 

At  about  this  time,  the  eyes  of  nnjst  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  cinmtry  wen;  turned  in  e.\- 
pojtancy  to  the  golden  fields  of  the  extreme 
West,  of  which  marvelous  tales  were  tolil.  Thus 
it  happened  that,  in  the  spring  of  1851,  Mr. 
tlosepli  Sanders,  with  his  family,  started  across 
the  jilains.  They  were  in  company  witli  about 
twenty-live  others,  who  had  five  wag(<ns.  Mr. 
Sanders  was  made  captain  of  the  company.  Ex- 
treme watchfulness  and  caution  was  necessary, 
as  the  Snake  Indians  were  very  hostile,  and 
upon  the  company's  arrival  at  Fort  Hal',  they 
were  fully  iippriseil  of  their  danger,  and  were 
advised  to  remain  there  until  some  other  emi- 
grants joined  them.  This  they  a(;cordingly  did, 
and  soon  several  companies  of  emigrants  (tame 
in,  among  whom  was  a  company  commanded  by 
a  .Mr.  Harpoon.  Mr.  Sanders  and  his  party 
joined  Mr.  Harpoon's  company,  and  thus  re-en- 
forced to  twenty-eight  wagons  in  all,  they  moved 
forward  with  a  srreater  degree  of  safety. 

One  morning,  at  about  daybreak,  when  they 
were  about  to  break  cami),  after  having  crossed 
the  I'ortsinouth  river  and  spent  the  night,  Mr. 
Har|)oon  discovered  an  Indian  leading  off  one 
of  the  most  valuable  horses.  Mr.  Harpoon  im- 
mediately returned  to  his  wagon,  and  securing 
a  gun,  mounted  a  very  swift  mare  that  he  owned, 
and  gave  chase.  As  soon  as  he  came  within 
range  of  the  Indian  he  fired,  and,  being  an  un- 
erring marksmen,  the  Indian  fell,  and  Mr.  Har- 
poon returned  with  the  horse.  Indians  were  in 
the  bush  to  which  the  Indian  was  escaping. 
The  following  night,  when  the  company  had 
encamped,  some  men,  after  supper,  were  si'ting 
on  the  bank  of  a  little  stream  at  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  rest  of  the  coni|)any,  and  were 
fired  on  by  the  Indians.  The  emigrants  at  once 
put  their  Kres  out,  and  a  lively  tiring  ensued, 
and  the  Indians  finally  witlulrew.  The  next 
morning,  when  the  stock  were  being  driven  out 
to  pasture,  up  the  valley,  the  Indians  again  tried 
to  drive  off  the  cattle,  and  had  gotten  some  of 
them  on  the  run,  when  Mr.  Harpoon  again  made 
his  appearance  on  his   fast  animal,  and  headed 


HlfiTOUr    OF    UUKOON. 


1209 


tlioin  off,  when  aiiotliur  liglit  uiiHiied,  in  whiiili 
the  rent  of  tlio  oiuif^rimts  riven torceil  Mr.  llitr- 
j)0()n,  and  seven  lti(iiiius  were  killed,  five  of 
whom  were  sliot  liy  Mr.  iIiir|ioon.  .Vfter  that 
th(f  Indiims  ke|)t  tit  h  more  resjiei'tlul  distanee, 
and  never  ajjain  molested  tlie  emijirants.  Mr. 
Harpoon  hroiij^ht  iiis  valinihle  mare  on  to  Ore- 
gon, and  many  of  the  liiiest  ninnini;  Iwnve.s  in 
the  State  trace  their  |)ediirree  liaek  to  her. 

From  the  Dallew  the  company  came  on  to 
I'ortland  by  water,  while  Mr.  Zanders  and  his 
l)rother-in-law  drove  the  stock  over  tlie  nnmn- 
tains.  Mr.  Sanders  and  his  familv  resided  in 
Portland  in  a  rented  honi^e  \intil  sprint',  when 
they  came  to  Vain  Iliil  county,  and  pre-emjited 
their  donation  claim  of  H20  acres,  located  four 
miles  southwest  of  Amity.  They  conimencefi 
in  a  very  humble  way,  in  a  log  house,  and  with 
very  little  besides.  Plows  eoidd  not  be  bought, 
and  they  finally  had  one  nia<ie  by  a  blacksmith. 
For  several  years  .Mr.  Sanders  was  principally 
engaged  in  stock-raising,  later,  however,  when 
better  provided  with  appliances  for  doing  so,  he 
raised  large  (pnintities  of  grain.  lioth  of  these 
pursuits  were  eminently  profitable,  owing  to 
he  exceeding  fertility  of  the  soil  and  the  nsnal 
mildness  of  the  climate,  and  Mr.  Sanders'  ef- 
forts were  crowned  with  success,  and  in  time  he 
became  one  of  the  most  prosperous  farmers  in 
the  country.  He  was  a  man  of  great  energy, 
strict  integrity,  and  a  social,  kindly  disposition, 
and  was  much  esteemed  by  his  neighbors.  He 
was  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  for  several 
years  served  creditably  a>  lustice  of  the  Peace, 
discharging  his  (hities  in  that  capacity  with 
impartiality  and  judgment.  He  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 18()S,  leaving  his  family  and  many 
friends  to  mourn  his  loss.  His  i'aitlifnl  wife 
still  survives  him  at  the  age  of  eighty-one,  re- 
nuirkably  active  and  well  preserved,  and  resides 
on  the  home  claim  with  her  son.  She  is  de- 
servedly esteemed,  by  a  large  circle  of  acqmiint- 
ances  and  friends,  for  her  many  amiable  and 
worthy  (qualities  of  mind  and  lieai-t 

On  becoming  of  age,  the  subject  of  onr  sketch 
purchased  lands  of  his  own,  but  continued  to 
remain  with  his  father  on  the  lionie  farm,  and 
now  owns,  including  the  homestead,  550  acres 
of  as  choice  agri(!ultural  land  as  is  to  be  found 
in  the  St>ite,  and  is  numbered  among  tiie  most 
prosperous  fanners  of  tiie  county. 

In  accordance  with  the  adage  concerning  the 
cage  and  tlie  bird,  he  jirefaced  his  marriage  by 
erecting  a  Inrge  and  substantial  residence  on  the 


home  property,  besides  making  other  valuable 
improvenu-nis.  On  March  2'-J,  18(10,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Helen  (t.  Everett,  an  estimable 
ludy  and  a  native  of  New  York  State,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Mr  lioughtoii  Kverett,  an  esteemed  citi- 
zen of  that  State. 

They  had  ten  children,  si.x  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing: Amasa  iM.,theoldest  son,  is  now  a  success- 
ful business  nnin  of  McMinnvillc;  .John  liiley, 
Jr.,  is  a  proniineiit  merchant  of  Sheridan;  KtHo 
{{.,  Dolph  li.,  Joseph  \j.  and  Matthew  O.  are  at 
liome.  In  1^84,  the  faithful  wife  and  devoted 
I  iti  i  mother  dit'(l,  greatly  lamiinted  t)y  all  w!io  knew 
her,  to  whom  she  had  endeared  herstdf  by  her 
intelligent  and  praeticaUMiristian  virtues,  which 
were  heightened  by  the  enthusiasni  of  a  loviig 
heart. 

In  188(5  Mr.  Sanders  married.  Miss  Nettie 
IvniLX,  of  Imliana,  a  highly  esteemed  lady,  and 
a  warm,  personal  friend  of  his  former  wife  and 
of  his  family,  having  lived  with  them  for  some 
years.  They  have  one  child,  a  beautiful  little 
daughter,  who  is  the  light  of  their  home,  and  is 
mimed  Avis  L. 

Mr.  Sanders  has  liei^n  a  life-long  Republican, 
and  was  honored  by  his  party  in  1S(5."),  by  being 
elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  serv- 
ing witli  ability  and  honor.  While  a  represen- 
tative he  aided  in  the  election  of  Hon.  John  F. 
Mitchell  to  I  he  United  States  Senate. 

Since  18(54  lie  has  been  a  valued  and  helpful 
member  of  the  Baptist  ('hureli.  and  assisted  in 
the  building  of  the  chundi  edifice  in  Amity, 
where  he  has  long  served  as  Deacon. 

Thus  is  added  another  illustrious  name  to 
that  memorable  list  of  noble  pioneers  which 
adorns  the  records  of  Oregon,  who  are  noble 
representatives  of  a  noble  State,  and  citizens  of 
one  of  the  greatest  nations  in  the  world. 


fItOF.  FRANK  S.  ROSSETKR,  principal 
of  tlie  Failing  School,  Portland,  is  a  native 
of  Marietta,  Washington  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  was  horn  April  18,  18.")8.  His  father, 
George  li.  Rosseter,  was  a  native  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  and  a  descendant  of  Edward 
Rosseter,  who  came  to  America  in  the  May- 
flower. ■  They  are  a  family  of  ministers  and 
college  graduates  for  five  generations  in  suc- 
cession. Prof.  Rosaeter's  father  was  J'rofessor 
of  Mathematics  for  twenty-five  years  in  Marietta 


i 


1210 


nrsroui    of  ti/KdoN. 


ColU'^o,  r(>ceivitij;  liis  deifreiiof  IJ,,  I).  tVoni  tlip 
WcMtciii  liucfi've  ( 'dllcj^u.  lie  iimi'iii'(l  Miss 
Eliznlielli  I'liirk,  u  niilivc  uf  (HiniiL'ctiiMil  uiiil  tliu 
daiiglitui' of  Ciirti*  Clark,  wlio  (Icsceiulfd  I'l-oin 
an  eurly  Ntiw  Kiiiflainl  tiiinily.  Tlu-y  had  three 
80118  ami  a  (hiiij^liliT  linmifht  ii|)  to  \eiirn  of  ma- 
turity, mid  they  hw  Btill  living..  iSoverai  of  tho 
family  dli'd  in  iiitancy. 

I'rof.  Kor^^cter,  the  second  so,",  irradimti'd  at 
Marietta  Col  lege  in  18T7,  and  reeiived  his  df- 
;,'ree  of  A.  M.  from  the  tame  inslitntion  in  May, 
1(S8((,  at  whieh  time  I)r.  J.  W.  Andrews  was 
[iresident  of  the  coilefje.  lie  was  president  for 
thirty-tive  years,  and  is  considered  one  of  the 
most  |)rominent  educators  of  the  nation.  Prof, 
luisseter  was  the  thirteenth  of  th(!  family  who 
gradnateil  at  that  colleiie.  lie  siil)8e(iiiently 
took  a  course  in  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bur  in  the  Supreme  (Jourt  in  18Si}.  Soon  after 
this,  however,  he  decided  to  adopt  the  profession 
of  teachinf;.  For  the  first  year  he  taught  dis- 
trict schools  in  Henry  county,  Illinois;  ne.\t  was 
principiil  of  the  Kewance  (Illinois)  High  School 
for  two  years,  and  Superintendent  of  Schools  for 
Stark  county,  that  State,  having  his  otMce  at  the 
coiinty  eeat,  Toulon;  then  for  the  next  three 
years  he  was  snperlnteiulent  of  the  Hiawatha 
?KaiisaB)  schools,  and  from  there  he  came  to 
Portland,  assuming  his  present  position  in  181)1. 

On  {'hristmas  day,  1882.  he  married  Miss 
Lnella  M.  Hrace,  a  native  of  Stark  county,  llli- 
nois.  Her  parents  were  pioneers  of  that  State, 
moving  from  Pennsylvania,  where  their  ancc,-- 
try  had  lived  for  several  generations.  Prof,  and 
Mrs.  Kosseter  have  two  children:  Myrtle 
born  in  1884;  and  Ethel  L.,  born  in  1886. 

Prof.  Ikosseter  i.«  a  prominent  member  of  the 
I.  ().  O.  v.,  being  now  Past  (irand  and  Past 
Chief  Patriarch,  and  he  and  his  wife  are  niein- 
bers  of  the  First  Congregational  (Jhurch  ol 
Portland.      In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

Having  made  teaching  his  life-work,  from  the 
imj)nlse  of  enthusiasm  in  the  cunseof  education, 
lie  is  signally  successful  in  all  the  departments 
and  features  of  the  work. 


were  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  who  for  several 
generations  have  resided  in  America.  On  the 
maternal  side  tlie  deacent  was  from  Wales,  his 
mother  being  a  i'utler. 

He  married,  in  Illinois,  Miss  Mary  lloovt^r, 
a  native  of  Indiana,  and  ol  i'cnnsylvania- Dutch 
extraction.  Her  father,  Mr.  Felix  Hoover,  was 
iiott«d  for  being  one  of  the  talle^t  men  in  tint 
Stale  of  Illinois,  measuring  six  teet  eight  inches. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  IJaH'ety  were  blessed  with  five 
children  luifore  they  startoil  out  on  tlm  ''>th  of 
May,  18oX!,  for  the  great  West.  They  went  by 
team,  and  crossed  the  Mis8<niri  river  on  their 
way.  Their  outfit  consisted  o(  two  wagons  and 
fourteen  yoke  of  oxen,  some  cows  ami  a  Canada 
mare.  1' ifty-eight  other  wagons  formed  the 
company  that  set  out  to  brave  the  dangers  of 
that  trip.  Mr.  Itatfety  was  chostw)  their  i-ap- 
tain.  At  the  IJear  river  the  company  divided, 
apart  going  to  California.  Where  tliey  crossed 
the  Snake  river  his  nH)ther  died,  and  was  buried 
nine  miles  this  side  of  the  river.  Her  death 
occurred  at  nine  o'clock,  an(|  before  eleven  the 
next  day  eleven  others  were  dead  and  buried. 
Soon  after  this  Mr.  Katt'ety  came  on  with  his 
own  wagons,  and  arrived  at  the  Dalles  on  the 
15th  day  of  August.  Thoy  came  down  the 
Columbia  river  on  a  flat-boat.  The  stock  was 
driven  down  the  trail  at  the  lower  (Jascades, 
where  they  took  another  Hat-boat.  Tliey  were 
towed  down  the  river  by  a  little  steamer.  When 
they  landed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sandy  Mr. 
Uaffety  took  up  a  grant  claim  of  320  acres  of 
land  in  Washington  county,  on  which  they  built 
a  log  cabin  and  began  their  pioneer  life.  On 
that  pro|HM-ty  he  has  since  resided,  and  has  made 
it  a  valuable  place.  Here,  in  his  seventy-sev- 
enth year,  possessed  of  all  his  faculties,  resides 
the  honored  pioneer  with  the  wilV^who  has  been 
his  faithful  partner  in  his  joys  and  sorrows  for 
fifty  years. 

Tlie  children  who  crossed  the  plains  were: 
Cliarles  11.,  Rial  M.,  I)av,  Sarah  Elizabeth  and 
Emma  15.  The  latter  met  with  an  accident  and 
died  in  her  eleventh  year.  In  Oregon  there 
were  added  to  this  family,  Samuel  .1..  Jacob  C. 
and  Louisa.  The  eldc-t  daughter  became  the 
wife  of  W.  P.  Miller,  and  the  second  daughter 
married  .Mbert  Wirtz.  They  reside  at  the  old 
farm.  The  sons  were  educated  at  Forest  Grove, 
and  Charles  11.  and  Dav  graduated  from  the 
medical  department  of  the  Willaraette  Uni- 
versity, the  former  in  1869  and  the  latter  in 
1880.     In  1860  Cliarles  and  Dav  came  to  East 


UlU'liliY    OF    (IHIiGON. 


»n 


i'lii'tliiiiil  iukI  8tiirtu(l  ill  tlie  (Ini);  IxihiiicBi*  uiiil 
oiij^ii^imI  ill  till!  iinii'ticf  (if  tlicir  prol'i'ssiuii.  'I"lu' 
otlicr  lirdtlifi'  liiirt  joined  liiiii,  ami  I  >u\  unci 
Uial  iiiaiiii^L'«  tilt!  drug 8t(ire,  wiiili>  Dr.  (J,  II. 
Kallcty  and  Dav  LMiiitiiiiie  tliuir  |iractii'i'.  Tlicir 
driij^  iiiisiiLcss  iH  till!  oldi'st  I'diitiiiiiiPim  Imniiiess 
ill  tlii'ir  liiK!  on  tlin  i-ast  sidi-.  Dr.  CliiirUs  II. 
Kafrcty  iiiiirrii'il  Mies  Ariiiaiida  Sitiitli.  tlie 
daiii^litor  of  ('a|itiiiii  .lolm  Smith.  Dr.  Diiv 
Itaffuty  marriiMl  Mit^s  l'"aiiii_v  L'i).5aM,  daii^litcr 
of  Mr.  A.  II.  huf^aii,  u  relative  of  tlie  laiiieiite( 
jiatriot,  HtateBiiiiiii  ami  soldier,  .loliii  A.  I.oi^aii. 
riu>  cliildri'ii  are  Harry  L.  ami  liiiof^eno.  Tliese 
brothers  have  lieeii  successful  |ihjsieians  and 
hiisinesH  men.  and  have  invested,  years  airo,  in 
city  [iroperty  in  Kast  Portland,  which  has  i^rown 
to  be  very  viiluahle. 

I..  IIOWLAND,  M.  D„  LL.  D..  V.  II.  S., 

one  of  Oriifjon's  most  honored  [lioneers 
^^  and  8ii|n.Tiiiteiident  of  the  State  Asy 
liiiii  for  the  Insane,  is  of  Kiiglish  ancestry, 
some  iiieinliers  of  whom  emiirrated  to  North 
Carolina  before  the  Uevolution.  His  father, 
Judge  Jeremiah  Rowland,  was  born  in  North 
(Jarolina.  lie  married  Miss  l>ucy  IJiitler,  a 
native  of  South  Carolina.  She  was  of  Scotch 
ancestry,  iiiemliers  of  whom  were  eijualiy  early 
settlers  of  the  colonies.  Her  mother  was  a 
Lindsay,  also  one  of  the  noted  old  families  of 
the  country.  The  Doctor's  parents  removed  to 
Tennessee,  where  there  were  horn  nine  children, 
six  of  wlioir.  are  still  livinj;.  The  Doctor's 
father  was  twice  married,  the  Doctor  beiiig  the 
first  child  of  the  second  marriage. 

He  was  born  at  Nashville,  Tennessee,  on  the 
17tli  of  September,  ISiJl,  and  was  namiMl  Levi 
Lindsay,  In  1844,  when  thirteen  years  of  ajie, 
he  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon  with  his  father, 
and  they  settled  on  a  (Jovermnent  donation 
claim,  where  ho  remained,  helping  his  father  in 
the  improvement  of  the  farm,  where  he  obtained 
such  practical  information  in  regard  to  stock  and 
fiirming,  as  has  been  of  value  to  him  in  later 
life.  When  eighteen  years  old  he  entered  into 
an  agreement  with  his  father  for  his  time  that 
he  might  go  to  the  gold  mines,  which  had  just 
been  discovered  in  (California.  The  bargain  was 
that  lii.s  father  should  have  half  of  the  jiroeeeds. 
He  mined  from  1849  to  1851  and  met  with  fair 
success;  half  of   the  proceeds  were  paid  to  his 


father,  and  half  he  invested  in  Mexican  rattle. 
Till!  work  in  the  gold  mines  and  his  piotil  on 
the  invest'iieiit  in  stix'k,  gave  lii:ii  the  means 
with  which  he  obtained  his  ediicatioii,  lie 
accordingly  went  to  Itethaiiy  College,  X'irginia, 
taking  the  courses  and  obtaining  hi,-  de;;rceB, 
Ho  then  traveled  in  nearly  cmtv  State  iind  Ter- 
ritory id'  the  rnion,  teaching  in  diU'eielit  places, 
in  the  inean'inie  studying  medicine. 

On  November  IS,  1S5'.I,  at  Marvin,  Alaliama, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Kmma  .1.  Sandiis.  She 
was  a  native  of  Alabama,  having  been  born  .May 
1,  183U,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Franklin  Col- 
lege, Tennessee.  They  had  five  children,  of 
wlioiii  four  died  in  childhood.  Their  sur\  iving 
daughter,  Levia,  married  ,Mr.  Jay  ('.  Smith, and 
resides  in  Salem. 

After  his  marriage  Mr.  Rowland  ivliirned 
to  Oregon,  where  he  obtained  his  medical 
degree,  in  the  Willamette  Lniversity,  and  has 
practiced  his  profession  for  over  twenty  years. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  State  Superintend- 
ent of  I'ublic  Instruction,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  for  four  years,  or  until  1878,  win  n 
he  went  to  Europi'  for  two  years,  attending  lect- 
ures and  traveling  in  I'^gvpt  and  the  Orient. 
During  all  his  career,  the  Doctor  has  been 
actively  engaged  in  educational  iiiterests.  He 
was  an  ordained  ministerof  the  Christian  Denom- 
ination, and  was  presiilent  of  their  college  at 
Monmouth.  I'olk  county,  now  the  State  Normal 
School.  He  was  also  ('ouiity  Superintendent 
of  Schools,  and,  in  1800,  organized  and  con- 
ducted the  first  teacliers'  institute  held  in  the 
State. 

Tn  1801?  he  became  the  owner  of  a  ranch  of 
800  acres  at  the  Dalles,  on  which  he  has  bred 
many  fine  horses,  for  which  he  has  received 
numerous  first  premiums.  He  was  an  active 
member  of  the  State  Agricultural  Socie'.y,  of 
which  he  was  elected  the  Vice- president.  Ho 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  State  Insurance 
(^ompany,  and  has  been  its  president  since  its 
organization.  This  corporation  has  met  with 
marked  success  from  the  start.  He  owns  some 
city  property,  and  has  done  some  building,  be- 
sides which  he  raises  considerable  blooded  stock 
on  his  large  tracts  of  land,  consisting  of  short- 
horns, Holsteins,  Polled-Aiigus,  and  other 
valuable  breeds.  In  the  midst  of  the  many 
enterprises,  in  which  the  Doctor  is  engaged,  he 
does  not  forget  his  connection  with  the  medical 
profession.  In  1874  he  assisted  in  organizing 
the  State  Medic»l  Society,  and   has  filled  many 


i*r;.,V  .rf'.i' 


lais 


IIIHTORY    OF    OREGON. 


of  its  i;;!jv^rtr\!it  offices,  iiipliKliiig  that  of  presi- 
dent, lie  lias  represented  the  Atnericiiii  iMedical 
Assoeiiitioii  several  tines,  and  in  1871)  attended 
tlie  Ainsterchun  (Ilolhind)  International  Medical 
Association  as  a  representative  of  tlie  Willamette 
University,  of  whose  facnity  he  was  for  a  time 
dean,  he  also  served  this  fae\iltj  as  secretary 
for  several  years,  and  for  eiifjit  years  was  Pro- 
fessor of  I'hysioioiry  and  Micro.-cojiy,  and  has 
heen  a  iectnrer  on  Hygiene.  In.liily.  lS!tL,  lie  re- 
(•eived  tlie  ii|)pointnient  ot  Supei'intt'udent  (d'  the 
Oregon  State  Asylum  for  tiie  Insane,  and  to  this 
institution  and  its  importanf  needs,  the  Doctor 
is  now  ffiviiig  the  liest  efforts  of  his  mature 
medical  I'vidirment  and  Inisiness  exi)erience.  and 
certainly  no  man  is  better  htted  tor  this  im- 
portant trust  U...n  he,  the  institutinir  of  which 
is  a  credit  to  Oreiron,  as  an  exponent  of  its 
human;  sensihilities.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity  since  XHhl.  He  is  a 
lea<linf;  temperance  nian,  indorsin<r  that  cause 
most  em|)hatically.  Since  the  war  he  has  been 
a  Republican  in  politics.  In  his  intercourse 
with  men  he  is  kind-hearted  and  agreeable. 
He  is  an  ardent  admirer  of  Oregon,  and  every- 
thing pertaining  thereto,  and  has  more  than 
once  emphasized  his  pret'evonce,  both  pecuniarily 
and  by  his  influence. 

^MITII  &  STEINEIi,  proprietors  of  the 
lied  Corner  Drug  Store,  of  Salem,  are 
the  leading  druggists  of  the  place,  and  are 
highly  r"spected  in  commercial  circles  through- 
out the  coast.  They  jjurchased  the  business  in 
.Inly,  IHtK),  and  since  that  time  have  met  with 
gratifying  success.  Hy  the  employment  of 
strictly  honorable  methods  they  have  won  the 
contidence  of  the  community;  their  intelligeni'e 
and  care  in  tilling  prescriptions  has  secured  the 
])atronage  of  the  prominent  physicians  and  the 
aporo'  al  and  good-will  of  the  public. 

J.  G.  Smith,  the  senior  member  of  'he  firm, 
came  to  (Oregon  in  1874.  He  was  L,  rn  in 
Washington  county,  Iowa,  August  12,  IS59. 
His  grandfather,  Isaac  Smith,  was  a  pioneer  of 
Kentucky,  and  his  fatiier,  I.  N.  Smith,  was 
born  in  that  State.  The  latter  married  Miss 
\ancy  Young,  of  Kentucky,  and  to  them  were 
born  seven  children,  the  Doctor  being  the 
youngest.  He  was  educated  at  the  Iowa  State 
University,  and  was  graduated  from  the  medi- 


cal department  of  this  institution,  March  (i, 
1S89.  .\fter  this  exent  In;  removed  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  and  located  in  Salem,  where  he  em- 
barked in  his  present  busim^ss  in  18U0. 

He  is  Senior  Warden  of  Pacific  Lodge,  No. 
50,  F.  &  A.  M..aiMl  also  belongs  to  the  chapter. 
Politically,  he  is  a  radical  Republican.  He  was 
married  July  lit,  1889,  to  Miss  Emma  Thomas, 
a  native  of  Oregon.  The  Doctor  is  a  man  of 
exceptional  ability,  and  has  iittaineil  an  enviable 
rank  in  biisinest.  circles  in  Salem, 

Lee  Steiner,  the  junior  member  of  the  firm 
of  Smith  vV  Steiner,  was  born  ai  Lima,  (Jhio, 
September  !2t),  1870.  He  is  of  (Tcrman  ex- 
traction, but  his  ancestors  have  lived  in  America 
for  three  generations.  G.  Steiner.  his  father, 
was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  he  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Hass,  vvhn  was  also  liorn  in  the  liuck- 
eye  State.  They  had  a  family  of  four  (diild.en, 
our  ;-ubject  b-ing  the  second  in  orJer  of  birth. 
He  was  reared  at  illiiffton,  Iowa,  amd  since  he 
was  a  lad  of  eleven  years  he  has  made  a  study 
of  pharmacy.  He  is  thoroughly  infurmed  upon 
this  subject,  and  is  one  of  the  most  reliable 
druggists  in  the  State.  He  has  been  an  active 
member  of  the  firm  of  Smith  ife  Steiner  since 
the  paitnership  was  formed. 

Politicall".  he  is  independent.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  takes  a  laud- 
able jjride  in  ids  connection  with  the  National 
(ruard  of  the  State;  he  baa  had  the  honor  of 
being  Hosj  ral  Hteward  oi  the  \intli  Regiment. 
He  is  oblitrrng  and  courteous  in  manner,  and 
has  won  •-  liost  of  friends,  both  in  and  out  of 
business  life. 


flUEHE  ATHERTON  STEPHENS  is  one 
of  the  few  remaining  representative  pio- 
liters  of  Oregon,  who  came  to  Portland  in 
1845.  She  is  riie  widow  of  the  late  Thomas 
Fulton  Stephens,  with  whom  she  crossed  the 
plains.  She  was  born  in  the  State  of  Ohio  on 
the  17th  of  t  )ctober,  181(5,  and  is  the  daughter 
of  Ezra  Attierton,  of  ICentucky.  His  people 
were  early  settlers  of  Kentuuky  and  Ohio. 
.Mrs.  Ste|th«ns'  father  married  Ellen  ( 'ampbell, 
:i  native  of  Pennsylvania.  '^\w\  had  nine  chil- 
dren, three  of  whom  are  still  living.  She  re- 
sided in  ( >liio  until  18vt4,  when  she  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  she  was  marri»»d  to  Mr.  Stephens. 
There  were  three  children  born  to  them  in  Illi- 


U I  STORY    OF    OREGON. 


1218 


Marcli   f), 
il  fii  tlie  IV 

lore   lie  ein- 
800. 
r.odae.  No. 

tlio  chapter, 
■an.  He  was 
iiMH  Tlioiiias. 

ii^  a  mail  of 

>ni  (Miviiible 

of  the  tinii 

Lima,  Ohio, 

Teriiian    ex- 

iii  Ariierica 

hin   father, 

lurried    MiKs 

in  ti'.e  liiick- 

|iiir  children, 

i"r  of  birth. 

uul  since  lie 

iiadu  a  study 

fanned  upon 

iioKt    relini)lo 

en  an  active 

■iteiiier  since 

le  is  a  luein- 
takes  a  laud- 
"lie  N.ational 
file  iionor  of 
li  iicfifiment. 
manner,  and 
I  and  out  of 


ENS  is  one 
iitative  pio- 
i'ortiand  in 
ate  Tliornas 
crossed  the 
of  Ohio  on 
lie  daughter 
His    people 

and    Ohio. 

<Jiiimpi)ell. 
d  nine  cliil- 
^.  She  re- 
reinoved  to 
r.  Stephens, 
em  in  Illi- 


nois: .John  U.,  Mary  Ellen  and  Nancy  Ann. 
On  the  15th  of  April,  1845,  they  started  from 
the  hoiuo  in  Hancock  county.  Illinois,  to  cross 
the  plains.  There  were  160  wagons  in  the 
company,  and  they  met  with  tiie  usual  trials  of 
the  emigrants,  and  arrived  at  the  Dalles  on  the 
'25th  of  October.  The  stock  was  sent  over  the 
Cascade  mountains,  and  on  rafts,  made  of  loirs 
and  poles  which  they  cut  they  Hoated  down 
the  (.'olumbia.  They  landed  at  the  (Cascades,  and 
the  rafts  were  allowed  to  float  down.  After 
fjettiiifj  l)elow  the  Oascades.  they  came  with  In- 
dians to  Portland.  In  the  followiiifr  year  they 
came  to  Portland  and  took  up  ;520  acres  each  cif 
(.'onation  land.  Here  in  the  dense  woods  they 
built  a  small  shanty  and  began  their  residence, 
where  Mrs.  Stephens  has  resided  for  forty-six 
years.  Mr.  Stephens  obtained  a  few  peas  and 
se'id  potatoes,  and  made  a  small  iiarden.  Their 
floods  they  bought  at  Vancouver  and  Oregon 
City.  Soon  after  Portland  was  settled,  and 
tli.3y  began  to  get  supplies  there.  In  the  tirst 
two  years  of  early  pioneer  life  they  lived  very 
poorly  and  endured  many  liardships.  Mr. 
Stephens  cleared  off  a  small  portion  of  the  land 
and  built  a  sawmill,  lie  sawed  the  lumber  for 
the  tirst  houses.  He  improved  his  land  and 
property,  and  sold  parts  of  it  cheap  from  time 
to  time.  He  was  a  thoroughly  honest  man, 
ever  ready  to  help  the  needy.  He  became  in- 
volved by  signiiifj  for  others,  and  it  resulted  in 
his  liMving  to  sell  most  c/f  his  land  to  pay  these 
claims.  He  tinally  died  of  softening  of  the 
brain,  .\pril  13,  18S4.  He  was  a  good  man, 
and  was  highly  respected  by  the  pioneer.-  of 
Oregon  and  all  who  knew  him.  The  oldest  son 
had  fought  in  the  Indian  war,  and  worked  in 
the  .lohn  Day  mines,  and  in  returning  from 
there  he  was  killed  by  the  Indians,  and  bis  body 
was  never  found.  Eight  children  were  adilell 
to  the  family  in  Oregon,  and  three  sons  and  two 
diiughtcrs  are  yet  living.  The  names  of  the 
children  are;  Thomas  T.,  Samuel  T.  and  Mil- 
ton. The  latter  resides  with  his  mother.  The 
daughter,  Mary  Ann,  married  T.  .1.  Itobinson, 
who  is  now  the  City  Marshal  of  Walla  Walla. 
In  1882  they  built  a  nice  residence,  where  Mrs. 
Stejtheiis  now  resides.  She  has  disposed  of  her 
land.  Anil  sold,  some  years  asjo,  to  the  Scotch 
Loan  Company,  128  acres,  for  which  she  was 
paid  ^28,000.  The  land  is  now  largely  built 
upon,  and  has  greatly  advanced  in  price,  and  is 
now  Worth  a  much  larger  sum  than  she  origin- 
ally sold  it  for. 

7« 


She  is  a  little,  quiet,  good-hjokiug  lady,  and 
no  one  would  ever  think,  to  look  at  her,  that 
she  was  one  of  the  |Honeers  of  Oregon.  Sooi 
all  these  good  women  and  men.  who  have  paved 
the  way  for  the  building  of  this  greit  common- 
wealth, shall  have  passed  away,  leaving  behind 
them  this  great  State  as  a  monument  to  their 
sterling  worth,  perseverance  and  endurance. 


f^O.N.  STEPHEN  STAATS,  an  Oregon  pio- 
fjfflU  necr  of  181-5.  and  the  tirst  white  man  niar- 
*5ii|  ried  in  Polk  county,  was  born  in  .New 
Vork,  rluly  l<>,  1821.  He  is  of  (Teinian  ances- 
try, and  his  forefathers  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  the  Empire  State.  His  father.  Isaac 
Staats,  was  a  merchant  for  sixty  ycNirs  in  the 
city  of  Albany.  He  married  Miss  Jane  Ann 
Crolins,  a  native  of  New  York  city.  They  had 
ten  children,  of  whom  three  daughters  still  sur- 
vive, and  our  subject  ia  the  only  living  son. 

The  latt(M'  was  reared,  until  his  fifteenth  year 
in  Albany.  New  York,  but  in  18U5  he  emigrated 
to  Fort  Leavenworth.  Kansas,  and  was  clerk  in 
a  sutler's  store  f<n-  two  years,  and  then  wont 
with  his  father  to  Platte  county,  Missouri.  At 
that  time  this  was  an  Indian  country,  and  Mr. 
S'aats  carried  one  of  the  buckets  of  coin  to  pay 
the  Indians  for  the  land.  His  father  built  the 
tirst  house  in.  and  was  the  tirst  settler,  of  Platte 
county.  Missouri.  Mr.  Staats  remained  there 
for  eight  years,  and  then,  in  1815.  he  crossed 
the  plains  to  Oregon,  with  his  brother  Isaac. 
They  started  on  the  4th  of  May,  from  St.  Jo- 
seph, Missouri,  and  were  five  months  on  the 
journey.  Mr.  Staats  says  that  it  was  as  pleas- 
ant and  safe  a  journey  as  was  ever  made.  Mi. 
John  M.  Forest  and  his  family  crossed  the  pains 
in  the  same  company,  and  his  daughter,  Miss 
(!ordelia  C,  was  the  lady  that  Mr.  Staats  after- 
ward married,  and  some  tliink  that's  why  our 
pioneer  thought  the  journey  such  a  nice  one. 
When  they  arrived  at  the  I)alles,  they  rafted 
down  the  Columbia  to  tliiv  Willamette,  and  then 
came  to  Oregon  City,  where  they  arrived  Octo- 
ber 1,  1815,  and  then  came  diriM't  to  Polk 
ccninty,  and  Mr.  Staats  and  his  lirother  each  lo- 
cated ()40  acres  of  land  on  tlu>  Luckamiite. 
They  built  a  log  cabin  and  lived  alone  until 
March  29,  1846,  when  ^Ir.  Stephen  Staats  was 
united  in  marriage  to  Miss  (Cordelia  Forct. 
The  hajipy  groom   was    dressed    in  a   buckskin 


i 


1',>U 


Ji/sroiiy   OF  ojiKtioA. 


suit,  iiiid  it  is  >mi\  that  tlie  bride  at'terward  hc- 
kiiowiedf^i'd  toa  friend  that  she  tiiou^lit  lie  looked 
'■  f^ooii."  Rev.  Mr.  liallaii  |)i'rroniie.|  tiie  core- 
moiiy,  and  Mr.  Staats'  brother  Uaac,  and  tiie 
'■ride's  fainilv.  Vvere  ail  the  guests  present.  Mr. 
Staats  remained  with  his  i'alher-in-law  until 
l'S47,  when  they  all  went  with  pack  animals  to 
California,  thinking  they  wonld  like  it  better 
tliere. 

They  located  in  8)infa  Clan  county,  and  Mr. 
Staats  obtained  work  In  the  redwoods,  and 
was  at  Slitter's  tort  when  <fold  was  discovered, 
and  lie  says  that  Charles  Hennett,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  184t,  picked  np  the  first  handful  of 
ilirt  with  gold  in  it.  Later  Mr.  Marshall  |)ickol 
lip  a  i>iece  that  was  testcil,  and  foiinil  to  by  clear 
gold,  and  Mr.  Staats  has  had  in  liis  hand  the 
tirst  ounce  of  gold  that  was  dug  in  (^'Hlifornia, 
after  that  discovery.  .Mr.  Staats  clerked  for 
Sam  Brannau  on  A[oriiioii  island,  and  sold 
bhinkets  to  the  Indians,  at  §10  a  i)air;  that  is, 
he  would  put  ^10  in  silver  in  one  side  of  the 
scales,  and  gold  dust  to  raise  the  beam  whs  put 
in  the  other  side,  and  that  was  th  •  price  re- 
ceived for  the  blankets.  While  ho  was  there  he 
made  a  pil(>  of  gold  for  his  employer,  and  re- 
ceived ten  |X'r  cent  of  the  l)iisiness  done  for  his 
wages,  lie  left  there  in  the  fall  of  1S48.  and 
he  and  his  relatives  returned  to  Orej^on  by 
water,  the  passage  for  himself  and  wife  beinj^ 
$;500.  When  asked  las  reason  for  leaving 
California,  he  says  that  they  hail  been  sick,  ;ind 
that  gold  was  found  in  such  abundant  (|Uantiti('s 
that  they  thought  that  soon  it  would  l>e  of  n<i 
value.  The  voyage  re(jiiired  twenty  days  from 
San  Francisco  to  .\st'iria.  Tliey  spent  the  win- 
ter at  i'ortland,  and  then  returned  to  I'olk 
county,  and  Mr.  Staats  traded  his  first  claim  for 
a  ritle  and  took  up  ti-lO  acres  adjoining,  on 
which  he  has  continuously  resided  e\er  since, 
and  which  has  become  a  very  valuable  property. 
While  in  I'ortland  he  was  olfered  one-half  of  the 
present  site  of  the  city  for  iS.'},')!)* t. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  .Staats  had  a  family  of  eight 
children.  His  daughter,  ,\nn  Elizabeth,  was 
born  .raiiuary  11,  1SK(,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
white  children  tiorii  in  the  county.  She  is  now 
the  widow  of  William  .V.  K.  Mellen,  and  re- 
sides at  Salem,  ('onlelia  married  W.  P.  Ire- 
land, and  resides  near  her  father;  (Jlara  Ellen 
becami'  the  wife  of  Uev.  (reorge  M.  Ii(]oth, 
a  Mctliodist  minister;  Afnry  C.  became  the 
wife  of  Samuel  ('ollins,  and  resides  in  Cook 
county;     Stephen     A.     DonglaH    died     in    his 


twenty  fifth  year;  Caroline  married  .1.  E.  Iliih- 
baid,  and  resides  in  Independei  ee;  Charles 
Sherniiin  resides  in  Cook  county,  Oregon;  Lily 
i-alliu  is  the  wife  of  William  Madison,  and  they 
live  on  the  old  doruition  claiiii.  Mrs.  Staats  died 
on  the  4tli  of  March,  lS8fi,  after  a  long  pi'rioil 
of  ill  health.  She  was  a  woman  of  fine  dispo- 
sition, a  mild  anil  loving  nature,  and  always 
looked  on  the  bright  side  of  everything.  She 
was  a  faithful  wife  and  nio'her,  and  has  been 
greatly  missed  by  Mr.  Staats  and  her  family. 
Her  last  words  were:  "  I  shall  soon  be  witii 
mother  and  .Fesiis." 

Mr.  Staats  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  is  a  well 
infonned,  wide-awake  man,  and  has  made  niunv 
active  canvasses  over  the  State  fiu'his  party,  aiiii 
is  a  very  interesting  speaker.  He  has  been  a 
.liistice  of  the  Peace  tor  ten  years,  and,  in  |S7t5, 
he  was  nominateii  and  elected  to  the  State  Ecg- 
islatiire.  He  has  also  been  a  Lecturer  for  the 
(irange  for  a  number  of  years,  is  very  widely 
known  and  much  esteemed.  He  is  President  of 
the  County  Pioneer  Society,  and,  when  at  any 
of  the  meetings,  he  always  makes  an  entertain 
ing  speech,  which  has  helped  to  make  him  very 
popular. 


^M(f^^^ 


*ti 


1II.\KLES  SXYDEK,  one  of  the  prosperous 
farmers  of  Aurora,  Oregon,  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  town.  He  came  to 
( )regon  in  1848.  His  birth  (H'cnrred  in  the 
State  of  Ohio,  February  10,  1S48,  and  his  father, 
Henry  Snyder,  wius  born  in  (Termany  and  came 
to  the  I'nited  States  when  but  tvtdve  years  of 
age,  settling  in  (^hio,  where  he  married,  and 
a  family  of  seven  children  were  reared  from 
this  union.  When  Charles  wa^  but  a  year  and 
one  half  id<l  his  mother  died,  and  his  father  soon 
after  passed,  away,  in  his  sixty. tifth  year.  live 
of  the  sons  are  yet  living. 

When  our  subject  came  to  Oregon  he  was 
eleven  years  of  ai;e.  The  tirst  year  lie  attended 
Bclicol  in  Aurora  and  in  18.5()  was  sent  to  school 
in  i'ortland.  In  Isil',)  he  inarried  Miss  Chris- 
tian Schiillr,  a  native  of  .Missouri,  born  in  1848. 
They  were  married  in  Aurora,  and  were  mem- 
bers of  .'vurora  Colony.  Mr.  Snyder  was  en- 
gaged in  carpeiit-^r  work  when  the  colony  broke 
up,  and  he  received  for  his  share  fifty  sever, 
acres  of  timber  laiui  neartlie  town,  and  his  wife 
received  a  liousti  and  lot  in   Aurora. 


HltiTORY    OF    OIlHaoN. 


\-ll'> 


J.  E.  IIiili- 

;e;  Chiii'li's 
reicoii;  Lily 
iM.  ami  tiu'v 

Stiuifs  died 
loiii,'  period 

tine  (jiapo- 
iiiiij  ahviiys 
liiiif,'.  sill? 
'1  hill'  lii't'ii 
lli'i-  family, 
nil    1)1'   witii 

t''^,  is  a  well 
iiadi!  iiiKiiy 
()ai'ty,  aiid 

has  l)een  a 
I'l,  in  1^7(}, 
'  Static  r,c(r- 

rt'i-  tor  the 
very  widely 

'ivsident  of 

lion   at  any 
1  fififiTtain 
;i'  iiini  very 


'■  prosperous 
s  one  of  file 
e  eanit)  to 
It'll  ill  the 
1  Ids  father, 
,'  and  came 
•i<  years  of 
irried.  mihI 
Bared  from 
a  year  and 
fatijei'  soon 
year.     Five 

Ml  he  was 
in  attendixi 
lit  to  sclidol 
lies  Chris- 
I'M  ill  184S. 
HH-B  inein- 
T  was  eii- 
lony  liidke 
H ft  \  sever 
1(1  fiis  wife 


Our  siiliject  worked  industriously  and  thus 
succeeded  well.  He  has  added  to  his  land  forty 
acres  nior.i  adjoininir  it,  and  now  has  a  t'ariu  of 
1;2()  acres,  and  is  coiiBidered  one  of  the  most 
successful  I'anners  in  this  vicinity.  To  our 
worthy  siiliject  and  wife  have  licui  horn  nine 
children,  as  follows:  Andrew  (1,  llonry  A., 
Aui:jiista  J.;  Amelia  and  Mary  twins;  and  an- 
otlier  |iair  of  twins  died  in  infancy;  Ernest  and 
Ida  twins;  and  Lawrence  J.  Little  Ida  died  in 
her  secoiul  year. 

In  polities  Mr.  Snydt'r  is  a  Uepiililiean.  He 
lias  never  joined  any  of  the  secret  societies  hav- 
injf  strictly  confined  himself  to  his  family  :':.A 
Imsiness.  He  is  everywhere  re»7arded  as  :in  up- 
right ind  honorahle  citizen. 

HjAUTLN  M.  SPAULD^VG,  a  successful 
Imsiness  man  of  Fortiand,  was  liorii  in 
Massachusetts,  May  21,  1847,  the  sou 
of  Cheruhiah  Spauluin<r,  v  ho  also  was  a  na- 
tive of  the  Hay  State,  and  o"  New  Enijland  an 
cestry.  (For  a  fuller  account  of  the  family  see 
ill  this  work  the  sketches  of  VV.  W.  and  Miss  II. 
I"'.  Spaulding,  hrother  and  sister.) 

Mr.  SpauldiniT,  our  subject,  the  fourth  child 
in  the  aliove  family,  left  his  iiative  State  in  his 
twenty  second  year  and  came  to  i'ortlmid.  At 
first  he  was  emjiloyed  in  a  meat  markctt  for  his 
hrother,  then  a  member  of  the  firm  of  .lidinson 
&  Spaiildinij.  In  the  course  of  ten  years  he 
ojienud  a  shop  on  his  own  account,  at  the  corner 
of  First  and  Oak  streets.  After  two  years  of 
successful  trade  there  he  moved  to  the  corner  of 
Second  and  Stark  streets,  where  he  contiiuied 
until  he  moved  to  (V-ntral  market,  and  here  his 
business  has  continued  to  grow  until  he  has  one 
of  the  largest,  in  the  city.  In  18S9  the  firm  of 
Spaiilding,  rapworth  &  (^o.,  was  funned,  and 
they  did  a  wholesale  aii''  retail  meat  business  for 
a  year.  In  October,  that  year,  they  bought  out 
the  wholesale  trade  of  O'Sliea  Hros..  and  the 
American  Dressed  Beef  Company  was  formed, 
eoniprising  the  iiHMnbers  of  both  linns,  witl;  the 
following  (ifticers  and  diivctors;  Joiiii  F. 
O'Sliea,  president;  M.  M.  SpauKling,  vice-presi- 
•  lent;  A.  1).  I'urckhardt,  treasnrei',  all  of  whom 
are  directors,  with  the  addition  of  Messrs.  E. 
May  ami  T.  I'apworth.  Their  business  is  that 
of  wholesale  butchers  and  jobbers'  supplies,  of 
all  kinds  of  meat;  and  the  supjilyitig  of  ships  is 


a  specialty.  Their  office  in  Portland  is  located 
on  Third  stn^et,  between  Ash  and  A  streets;  and 
they  have  a  )i5l()U,000  slaughter  and  packiu:,' 
plant  and  house,  and  2, ()()()  acres  of  land  at 
Troutsdale,  Oregon.  They  employ  on  an  aver- 
atje  seventy  men,  an<l  are  doiiui'  a  lartie  ami  lii- 
crative  business.  In  additicm  to  their  wholesale 
mavketiiiijat  Portia';;!,  diev  inive  one  at  Seattle 
and  at  Tacoma. 

Mr.  Slpauldiiij^  has  made  investments  In  Port- 
land, city  pri)|ierty;  has  built  a  residence  on 
I'ilteeuth  and  Johnson  streets,  where  ho  resides, 
with  his  family. 

He  was  married  in  1874,  to  Miss  May  Hills, 
a  natives  of  Orewoii,  and  they  have  two  children, 
both  born  in  Port!an<l:  Morton  Day  and  Letie 
Ilorstin. 

In  his  political  xiews  Mr.  Spaulding  is  a  lie- 
pnblican.  He  is  one  of  the  capable  and  iiiihis- 
trioiis  business  men  of  P,irtlaiid  who,  by  hiso.vn 
honest  efforts,  lia>  arisen  to  atHiience.  He  is 
liberal  and  enterprising,  and  hat;  hosts  of 
friends. 


ILLIAM  SIlAllP,  decea.sed.  was  one  of 
the  hiijhly  respected  early  pioneers  of 
Oregon,  and  it  is  fitting  that  honorable 
mention  be  maile  of  him  on  the  pages  of  this 
volume. 

Mr.  Sharp  was  born  in  Hiitler  county,  Ohio, 
December  '.i4,  1832,  a  descendant  of  Irish  an- 
cestry. Ho  was  the  oldest  son  in  the  family  of 
nine  sons  and  four  daui;liters  of  Samuel  Sharp, 
and  was  reared  in  Indiana,  to  which  State  his 
parents  had  moved,  and  where  his  father  died 
in  the  tifty-second  y(!ar  of  his  age.  In  18o2.  at 
the  age  ot  twenty  years,  he  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oreiron.  starlinif  in  April,  and  arrivino;  at  his 
destination  in  ?\oveinber.  On  tin;  Kith  id'  .No- 
vember of  the  following  year  he  married  Miss 
Zobeda  Uobbins,  wdio  was  born  in  Indiana,  De- 
cember It),  1834.  She  came  overland  to  Ore- 
gon with  her  ])afents  and  brothers  and  sisters, 
the  family  comprising  ten  children  when  they 
set  out  on  the  journey.  Hut  the  family  circle 
.vas  broken  long  before  they  reached  their  jour- 
ney's end.  'i'hree  of  the  sistiMs  and  i;  brother- 
in-law  died  of  cholera  on  the  plains,  also  two 
other  members  of  their  party,  and  were  buried 
by  the  wayside.  Three  more  of  the  iiobbina 
family  li.ad  the  cholera,  but  recovered. 


K'lfi 


nrsTOBY    OF    OlIKGON. 


i  ' 


l^revions    to   his    mniriaifo    Mr.   Sharp   had 

taken  a  (lonation  flaiin,  wliich  was  within  a  mile 
of  where  tlie  family  now  reside.  On  it  ho  liuilt 
a  little  lof^  caliiii.  and  in  it  kopt  "hac.h"  until 
he  brought  his  young  hride  to  share  tlie  joys 
and  sorrows  of  lite  in  it  witli  him.  After 
living  tlu^re  seven  years  he  traded  the  propi;rty 
for  a  farm  near  it,  and  two  years  later  traded 
again,  this  time  tor  the  present  home  |)laee,  it 
tine  tract  of  200  acres.  At  the  time  they  set- 
tled here  tliis  land  was  all  covered  with  lieavy 
timher.  ^[r.  Sharp  worked  liard  to  clear  and 
develop  it,  and  in  due  time  ereuted  a  good  frame 
reMilence  and  made  other  imf)r(>vements,  and 
here  his  family  were  reari'il.  (le  was  a  man  of 
more  than  ordinary  aliility.  and  in  the  atfairs  of 
his  (lav  he  took  an  active  part.  P()liti(;ally.  ''e 
was  a  Democrat.  lie  was  elected  County  (Com- 
missioner, and  during  his  term  of  otKce  rendered 
most  etKcient  service.  It  was  while  \\c  was  in 
office  that  the  tine  bridge  across  the  (/lackamas 
was  built,  and  the  initiatory  steps  toward  the 
bnildinif  of  several  others  in  the  eountv  were 
taken,  lie  was  an  honorable,  upris^ht  and  in- 
dustrious man.  and  for  his  numy  estimable 
(jualities  was  lu'ld  in  the  highest  respect  by  all 
who  knew  him.    lie  ileparted  this  life  March  2, 

Of  the  tliirteeu  children  con)|)osing  the  fam- 
ily of  this  worthy  pioneer,  all  are  living,  save 
one.  They  are  as  follows:  Alfred  C;  Margaret 
E.,  wife  of  John  Cairns,  Seattle,  has  three 
children;  Mary  I.,  wife  of  James  T.  Nfiirphey, 
Sidney,  ^^'^asllitlgton,  has  six  ihildren;  Oliver 
P.:  Samuel  F.;  Minerva  K.,  wife  of  John 
Mayes,  lias  one  child,  aiul  resides  near  the  old 
home;  N'ancy  M.;  E<lward  L. ;  Zobeda  C; 
Walter  S.;  [)(U'a  J.,  who  died  when  less  than  a 
year  old;   .\nnaretta  and  Katie  M. 

Since  the  death  of  the  fatlu'r,  the  mother  and 
her  sons  have  conducted  the  Farming  operations, 
and  in  a  manner  which  reflects  much  credit  on 
them.  They  are  a  family  held  in  high  esteem 
in  the  community  in  which  they  reside. 

'^■^^■'^^ 

80SWEF>r.  SHELLEY,  one  of  the  repre- 
sentative and  leading  business  men  of  the 
city  of  Independence,  hv.  been  a  resident 
of  tlie  county  for  the  longest  period  of  tinui  of 
any  one  in  the  county,  with  the  exception  of 
Mr.  Hill,  who   is  its   founder.      Mr.  Shelley  is 


the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Shelley  & 
Vandnym.  the  heading  dry-goods  establishment 
of  the  city  of  Independeiu'e.  Our  "ubject  is  a 
native  of  Iowa,  born  in  Fairfield.  Se])teml)er2ti, 
iSin.  His  father,  Michiud  Shelley,  was  a 
native  of  Kentucky,  born  in  1814.  He  married 
Miss  Lena  Mays,  also  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
both  of  whom  sprang  from  families  wiio  wcu'o 
early  settlers  in  that  State.  They  had  ten  i-hil- 
dren,  of  whom  seven  are  living.  In  1848  they 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  when  our  subject 
was  two  years  old,  the  baby  of  the  family.  The 
family  settled  on  a  donation  claim,  ten  miles 
above  Eug(>ne,  in  Lane  county.  Hero  the  unide, 
]5ostou,  had  settled  in  IS4.").  and  sent  them  a 
glowing  ile>cription  of  the  Wiliamotte  valK'y. 
The  first  winter  was  a  hard  one,  and  this  family 
endured  all  the  privations  incident  to  pioneer 
life.  I'art  of  the  time  their  oidy  article  of  food 
was  boiled  wheat,  as  the  nearest  mill  was  at 
Oregon  (Mty.  .Vfter  eleven  years  spent  on  the 
farm,  Mr.  Shelley  removed  to  Monmouth  for 
the  purpose  of  educating  his  children  at  the 
Christian  College.  He  bought  property  in 
MoMuionth  and  resided  there  from  1S57  to 
lS7l,and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  that  town. 
He  then  purchased  liiO  acres  of  land  near  In- 
dependeiu'e,  where  he  nwided  until  18((!t,  and 
then  went  to  eastern  ()regoi>  an<l  engaged  in 
the  stock  business  for  four  yea.s.  He  then  re- 
tired to  Eugeiu>,  where  he  now  reside^  with  his 
children.  He  has  been  a  strong  Republican, 
and  an  upright.  h()noral)le  man.  His  wife  died 
in  1857,  and  he  has  been  left  alone  ever  siiu-e. 
Our  si'bject  was  the  seventh  child^  and  re- 
ceived a  eomnion-school  education  at  Mon- 
mouth, where  lui  attended  school  in  the  small 
schoolhouse  there.  After  receiving  his  erhu^a- 
tion  he  encatred  in  larminii'  and  raisinir  stiu'k, 
until  1871,  wiieii  he  was  entraged  as  a  clerk  in 
the  store  which  then  (K'<'U'-ied  the  coriu'r  where 
he  now  has  his  large  mercantile  establishment. 
Then  there  was  only  a  email  store  there,  that 
containeij  n  s'ill  smaller  stock.  In  1882  Mr. 
Shelley  was  noiuinatcd  and  elected  ("ounty 
Clerk  of  I'olk  county.  After  serving  his  term 
he  retired  to  Independence,  and  (Migaged  in 
nu'rchaiidising  in  partnership  with  Hon.  F.  \. 
I'atterson.  In  four  nuinthi''  time  he  consoli- 
<lated  with  his  old  employers,  Messrs,  Vandnym 
iV:  Smith,  and  later  .^'essrs.  SlieUey  (.V:  Si,  f! 
purchased  Mr.  Vandnym's  interest.  Six  montlm 
later  Mi'.  J.  'vL  Vandnym  jiurchased  Mr.Sniith's 
interest,  and  the  firm  assumed  its  present  form, 


HWrORY    OV    OHFAWN. 


1-217 


"f    yiiulluy   it 
t'stiilili,^liriietit 
■  •'iibjfot   is  ji 
it'j)toiiil)ei-a(!, 
'1 1 17.    «-as    a 
He  iiiui-rifd 
Jf    Kciitiickj, 
ii's  whi)  vv<!ro 
111   ten  ,.||i|. 
Ill  18  IS  they 
1  <nii-  siihjiM't 
tiiiuily.     i'lie 
in,  ten   miles 
re  tli('  unclu, 
sent   them  h 
iiiottu   Viilley. 
fliis  raiiiily 
lit  to  j)iniiefV 
'•fieU;  of  fo(j(J 
mill   was  at 
spent  on  the 
onmoiith  for 

I'li'cM  at  the 
(>n>[iei'ty    in 

oni     LSoT    to 

jf  that  town. 

LMil   near  In- 

til  IStJlt.  and 
eiijrafrefl  in 
lie  then  re- 

iiles  witli  his 
IJepiiMicun, 

lis  wife  ilied 

e  ever  since. 

lild;  and    re- 

n    at     Mon- 

i"  tlio  small 

',  Ids  ''duca 

lisiiijr  stock, 

'  a  <"lerk    in 

orncr  where 

aiihVJiment. 

!  there,  that. 

'   1882   Mr. 

«1    ('oiinty 

io-  Ilis  term 

■iii^aged     in 

Hon.  F.  A. 

he  consoli- 

•  Vandnyni 

'   A-    Sij't' 

■iix  months 

I r.  Smith's 

wnt  form, 


and  has  continned  to  grow  in  ])ros])(iritv,  until 
it. is  now  the  largest  and  most  prosperous  estal)- 
iisiiniei't  of  its  ttind  :'n  the  county.  The  store 
huildinir  that  was  erected  in  iSfiO  remained 
until  1881,  when  it  wa<  moved  off  tlie  lot  and 
the  present  edifice  was  erected,  which  is  30 x'JU 
feet,  and  is  one  of  the  best  brick  liuildings  in 
the  city.  The  busine.<s  dealings  (jf  tliL  firm  e.\- 
tend  out  twenty  or  thirty  miles  in  all  directions 
from  the  city  of   Inde|)endence. 

Mr.  Shelley  has  erectt^d  a  line  residence  on 
Uki  corner  of  Third  and  13  streets,  which  was 
com|)leted  in  1887.  He  was  married  Jantiary 
17,  1879,  to  Miss  May  L.  Tatom,  a  native  of 
Jackson  county,  Oregon,  and  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  Jackson  Tatom,  a  prominent  Oregon  pio- 
neer. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shelley  have  harl  three 
children,  namely:  Ralph  Dale,  Hugh  Tatom 
and  Fay  Loren.  ^Irs.  Shelley  died  August  2(5, 
1891.  They  had  enjoyed  a  very  happy  married 
life  for  thirteen  years,  and  she  was  a  very 
esteemed  lady,  anil  all  of  her  friends  greatly 
mourned  her  loss. 

Mr.  Shelley  is  a  meniU'v  of  the  I.  O.  ().  F., 
and  is  a  Uejiublican  in  politics,  lie  has  heen 
twice  elected  a  member  of  the  City  ("ouiicil,  and 
has  also  served  as  Mayor  of  the  city,  of  which 
he  has  been  a  resident  for  so  many  years.  He 
inid  the  honor  of  being  one  of  the  guests  at  the 
•  Irivi.ig  of  the  gold(Mi  spike  which  connected  the 
two  railroads — the  Oregon  and  California  lines. 
Mr.  Shelley  is  a  gentleman  who  has  always  heen 
interested  in  everything  calculated  to  prove  of 
benefit  to  tlie  city  or  county.  He  is  a  man  of 
energy  and  business  enterprise,  and  by  his  own 
efforts  has  risen  to  be  one  of  the  prominent 
business  iiien  of  his  city,  whe.-e  he  enjoys  the 
good-will  an<l    sontidence  of  his  fellow-citizens. 

jra.\  RON  ROSE,  the  pioneer  and  founder  of 
V  the  beautiful  town  of  Roseburg,  was  boni 
in  rister  county.  New  York,  in  1813. 
At  the  age  if  twenty- four  years  he  emigrated 
with  his  parents  to  Mi,''.liigan,  wliere  he  farmed 
until  1851  In  .\|iril,  of  that  year,  he  crossed 
the  plains  from  Cold  water,  Mieliignn,  to  Oregon, 
arriving  in  September  following.  Here  he 
took  np  a  donation  claiin,  011  which  the  city  of 
Uosehnrg  now  stands.  For  eighteen  years  lui 
was  engaged  in  farming,  ran  a  butcher  shop, 
l)0ugh£  and  sold  horses,  and  also  conducted  a 


store.  During  thos'.;  yer.rs  he  liunt(Ml  deer,  jiaid 
81  each  for  eggs  and  81  a  pound  for  tlour.  .Mr. 
Rose  has  been  a  very  eiicccssfni  business  man, 
and  the  city  which  bears  his  name,  owes  much 
to  his  spirit  of  enttn'prise  and  progression.  In 
18o5-'r)6  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla- 
ture; assisteil  in  the  buildini£  of  the  wairon  road 
from  Roseburg  to  (Joos  bay,  and  hasgiven  lands 
and  money  to  dvary  public  cause.  In  all  the 
lots  he  has  sold  and  business  transactions  he 
lias  scni|)ulously  guarded  against  a  "  boom," 
and  the  result  is  that  the  real  estate  here  is  on 
a  solid  basis.  For  nniny  years  he  has  given  his 
entire  attetition  to  the  building  up  of  a  j)rosper- 
ous  city. 

'S^-^?^-^ — — 

f.VMKS  II.  ROSS,  one  of  Salem's  successful 
business  men,  is  a  native  of  Lee  county, 
Iowa,  born  September  17,  1850.  His 
father,  Daniel  Ross,  was  born  in  Ohio,  a  de- 
scendant of  ancestors  who  (^migrated  to  Rhode 
Island  before  the  war  of  the  Revijlution;  he 
married  Miss  Malinda  Casey,  of  Ohio,  and  to 
them  were  born  six  chiMren,  five  of  whom  are 
living.  The  father,  mother  and  four  children 
crossed  the  plains  to  California  in  1852,  and 
settled  in  Santa  Clara  county.  There  James  II. 
attended  the  public  schools,  and  when  he  had 
tinislied  his  studies  he  went  to  San  Jose,  where 
he  learned  the  blacksmiths'  trade.  When  he 
had  served  his  apprenticeship  lie  went  to  Hum- 
boldt county,  and  there  followed  his  vocation 
for  twelve  years.  He  then  came  to  Salem,  took 
up  his  old  occupation,  and  has  been  very  pros- 
perous. The  firm  o"  Ros^  &  Rice  was  formed 
iti  1890,  and  the  con.bined  energies  of  those  two 
genthMiien  have  beer  beneficial  to  both,  Thoy 
are  eiiter|iiising  and  capable  business  men,  and 
by  coiiRcieiUiOus,  caieful  work  have  won  a  largo 
patronage. 

In  politics  Mr.  Ross  has  cast  his  suffrage 
with  the  Renublican  party.  During  the  years 
1877,  1878  and  1879  lie  was  Deputy  Sheriff  of 
HuiTiboldt  county,  and  for  four  years  he  was 
Marshal  o  '  the  city  of  Salem,  serving  with  great 
acceptability  from  July  1,  188(5. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
being  VV.  M.  of  Pacific  Lodge,  No.  50,  A.  F. 
it  A.    M.;  he    also  belongs  to  the  chapter. 

He  was  united  in  marriage  in  l87o  to  Miss 
Ethel  Cooper,  a  native  of  San  l*'ranciseo,  and  a 
daughter  of   William  S.  Cooper,  who  was  con- 


Vi\S 


iiisTonr   <>/<■  oumaoN. 


iiected  with  tlie  land  otKee  at  Kuroka,  Hiiin- 
holilt  coiintv.  for  twoiity  yiMi's.  Mr.  luul  Mrti. 
Ross  art  tliii  piuviitr  of  five  cliildreii:  Frwl; 
Etiiel  and  Editli,  twins:  Vern,  and  <rraci.'.  Tiiey 
own  a  ploasant  lioino  iit  the  corner  of  Ciiurch 
an  I  ()al<  strectH.  Mr.  Uoss  lias  iivoJ  a  life  of 
inilustry,  and  with  sturdy  lilowa  from  liis  ••froni^ 
ri'^lit  arm  lie  lias  wronifhl  fnini  irlowiiii;  ii-on  the 
means  of  sustenance  for  himself  and  family. 
His  NMcation  is  one  of  the  most  useful  and  hn- 
inane  of  the  |)rescnr  civilization,  ami  has  in  him 


an  ablfc  representative. 


-•— iS^^I 


T^J-Eg^ 


[TKl'lIKN  SMITH,  of  Anror.a.  Marion 
|fg\1  county,  ()rei_foii,  is  oik.'  of  the  <>ai'ly  .-ettlers 
of  the  town,  lie  was  horn  in  Mnseatiiie, 
lo'>a,  March  U.  1S45,  and  is  a  son  of  (ieorije 
8mith,  a  native  of  Haden,  (i(M'many,  who  eaine 
to  the  United  States  in  18ii'J  and  settled  in  St. 
]<o,iis,  Nlissonri,  later  reinovintr  to  Muscatine, 
Iowa,  and  .joining  a  colony  therein  184:5.  In 
1847  his  'vit'e  dieil,  and  at  that  time  our  snhject 
was  two  and  one  half  vears  ut  iiviv.  The  father 
marriol  a  seiond  tin.eand  reared  a  second  I'ain- 
ily.  lie  came  to  Anrora.  Oreifon.  and  was  a 
ineniher  of  the  colony  here,  and  died  in  1888  in 
his  eighty-fourth  year. 

Stephen  Smith,  the  snhject  of  this  sketch, 
was  the  only  cliild  of  the  Hist  nnirriaije,  and 
was  sent  to  the  common  schools  and  had  the 
ad\antaii;es  (dfered  him  hy  the  instruction  of 
Prof.  Ktio-e.  lie  learned  the  trade  of  wajron 
maker,  and  this  hnsiiiess  helms  since  followed, 
althunirh  ne  has  also  enijasied  in  t'arniintr. 
At  the  present  tinu?  he  has  240  acres  outside  of 
the  town,  atid  sixteen  acres  adjoiiiin<f  the  town, 
and  one-hall  hloc.k  within  the  town,  on  which 
his  residence  stands.  Here  his  wai^on  shop  and 
mill  are  also  located.  His  lami  seems  capahle 
of  a  variety  of  crops,  and  lie  is  now  raising 
clover,  timothy,  hops  and  prunes. 

In  1872  our  suhject  was  married  to  Miss 
Hannah  Kraiis,  a  native  of  Missouri,  horn  in 
1840,  and  two  koiib  have  heen  horn,  (ieorge  S., 
now  a  (derk  in  the  store  of  ^[r.  (iusy,  and  Lo- 
renzo S.,  who  died  in  infancy  two  weeks  after 
the  death  of  his  mother,  which  occnred  in  1874. 

Durinj;  the  existence  of  the  Aurora  colony, 
Mr.  Smith  was  one  of  the  seven  committeenuMi 
who,  with  Dr.  Keel,  managed  the  alfairs  of  the 
colony.     They  owned  in  common  10,000  acres 


of  land  ill  Missouri  and  at  Aurora,  aiid  the  title 
to  the  land  in  Oregon  was  in  the  name  of  Presi- 
dent Keel.  Previous  to  his  death,  the  colonists 
ohtained  a  deed  of  the  land  from  Dr.  Keel  to 
the  committee  for  the  colony,  uiid  when  the  col- 
ony hroke  up,  the  committe.;  made  a  division, 
giving  each  nuMiiher  his  share.  There  was  also 
due  the  colony  in  Missouri  $25, ()()(>,  and  Mr. 
Smith  was  one  of  the  comuiittee  to  collect  it 
and  divide  it  among  the  memhcTs. 

Ill  politics  Mr.  Smith  is  a  Kepiihlican,  and 
served  a  term  as  .lustice  of  the  Peace,  and  has 
given  his  fellow-citizens  service  as  Treasurer 
and  (!lerk  of  the  school  district,  lie  is  a  very 
intelligent  man  and  well  ac<piainted  with  the 
history  of  Aurora  and  Marion  county.  He  has 
never  remarried.  llis  tasfes  are  (jiiicf,  aiul  he 
enjoys  his  home,  where  he  has  some  arti.des  of 
groat  interest,  which  it  may  he  hoped  will  he 
placed  in  the  collection  of  interesting  articles  on 
exhihit  for  the  coming  World's  Fair  in  ( 'hicago. 
These  are  a  Lutheran  I'ible  that  was  printed  in 
15(55.  It  is  lifti.'en  inches  long,  twelve  inches 
wide  and  six  incdies  thick,  and  when  new  it  had 
heavy  silver  clasjis,  but  these  were  taken  away 
hy  the  Bonaparte  army.  He  has  also  a  stone 
cliina  pitcher  that  has  heen  in  the  family  for 
years  unknown,  and  hoar.s  the  date  709. 

IIOMAS  SMITH,  u  veiierahle  pioneer  of 
Douglas  county,  was  horn  in  Ilenly,  ()x- 
fonlshire,  Kngland,  Fehruary  12,  1^24.  a 
^<>ii  of  Ueorgo  and  Mary  (Perrin)  Smith.  Our 
suhject,  tlie  sec(Hid  in  the  family  of  nine  cliil- 
dreii,  came  to  the  United  States  in  1880,  locat- 
ing in  Rochester,  New  York.  In  ISiJlthe  fam- 
ily removed  to  Clevehmd,  Ohio,  in  18H4  to  La 
Porte  county,  Indiana,  and  in  1847  Mr.  Smith 
and  his  brother  started  across  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon, leaving  St.  .los((pli,  Missouri,  May  2)i, 
1847.  Of  this  trip  across  the  wild  and  barren 
plains  Mr.  Smith  can  talk  for  hours,  as  his 
memory  is  exceptionally  good  for  f)iie  of  his 
ago.  After  arriving  in  this  State  he  located 
near  Kufi;ene,  wlu>re  he  took  up  a  donation 
claim.  In  184!)  he  located  a  claim  at  Winches- 
ter, Douglas  county,  near  Rosehiirg,  where,  for 
many  years,  he  was  successfully  eiifjagt^l  in  tarm- 
inc  ami  stock-raisinir.  In  .lime,  1MS7.  he  pur- 
chased  property  in  llosehnrg,  and  lu^  now  owns 
several  valuable  residences  in  this  cityliesides 


WijB—B88g!^S~ 


urnTony  of  ohegos . 


1319 


.)•• 


ii.ul  the  titlo 
me  of  I'ri'Ki- 
'\w  (Colonists 
Dr.  Kffl  to 
liiiii  the  I'ol- 
ii  ilivi.siou, 
Kit'  WHS  iilso 
110,  and  Mr. 
to  colloc't  it 

lilicaii,  ii'uJ 

'I',   illltl     llfis 

I'roasuror 
u  i.-i  11  very 
wifli    tli'o 
He  lias 
iiict,  and  lio 
('  arti.'lt's  of 
pi'il    will   be 
^  articles  on 
ill  ( 'hicacro. 
8  prill f(«l  in 
'elve  inches 
new  it  Imd 
taken  away 
also  H  stone 
family  for 

oy.    * 


pioneer  of 
Ileiilv,  Ox- 
12,  1H24.  a 
nith.     Oiir 
nine  eliil- 
Hao.  locaf- 
JUthefam- 
IS;{4  to  La 
Mr.  yinith 
ins  to  Ore- 
May    2;{, 
"1(1   liarreii 
It's,   as  his 
>nc   of  his 
!ie   located 
donation 
Winehes- 
where,  for 
d  in  tarin- 
7.  lie  pnr- 
now  owns 
;y  Itesidos 


liis  own  neat  home  on  Douglas  and  Wushiiifrtoii 
streets.  lie  was  one  of  tiie  orjjaniztirs  of  this 
county,  and  in  1852  was  elected  County  Coinniis- 
sioiier,  served  as  .lusticeof  the  I'eace  from  1853 
to  1858;  was  I'ostinaster  from  1854  to  1800,  at 
Uinciiester;  in  1858  was  elected  Public  Ad- 
ministrator of  Douglas  c  unty;  from  1874  to 
1878  served  as  County  Judge,  and  at  the  pres- 
ent time  is  Inspector  of  Stock  for  the  county, 
which  position  he  has  tilled  for  eiiflit  years. 
For  many  years  he  served  on  the  School  Board, 
and  has  a  record  of  havini;;  run  the  best  and 
cheajiest  schools  ever  conducted  in  that  county. 
Mr.  Smith  was  married,  in  1852,  to  Miss 
Arotliusa  E.  Lynn,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  a 
dauijhter  of  Daniel  and  Annie  (Ilaun)  Lynn, 
both  well-known  nioneers  of  Oreiron.  Our 
subject  and  wife  have  had  the  following  ehil- 
<lren:  George  1).;  Marion,  deceased;  Lynn;  Lee; 
Natlum;  Ralph:  Mary  A.,  wife  of  1).  F.  Roh- 
rer;  Thomas;  Arethusa  E.;  Helen  Y.;  Rolla, 
deceased;  and  (iraca  D.  Socially,  Mr.  Smith 
has  been  a  Mason  since  1858.  lie  has  resided 
in  Doiigla:*  (H)uutv'  longer  than  any  other  white 
man,  and  may  properly  bo  styled  a  pioneer  of 
pioneers.  He  has  been  successful  in  all  his 
business  ventures,  has  always  contributed  of  his 
means  toward  the  advancement  of  th.;  c(iunty  in 
which  he  lives,  is  an  upright,  honest  and  enter- 
prising citi/.en,  has  witnessed  the  hardships  of 
frontier  life,  and  to  such  as  he  the  material 
prosperity  of  the  country  is  greatly  duo. 


A  RAH  A.  SLOAN,  a  lady  of  remarkable 
executive  ability  and  rare  uitelligenco,  and 
the  popular  proprietr(*ss  of  the  Forest  Grove 
Hotel,  is  of  I'uritiiii  aiu'estry,  who  uinijfrated 
from  Old  Fiigland  to  New  England  in  the  early 
settlement  of  the  colimies.  in  proof  ol  which  is 
cited  the  fact  that  the  first  man  ever  buried  in 
New  London  was  a  Chesbro.  which  was  her 
maiden  name.  Her  father,  1*.  F.  Chesbro,  was 
born  in  New  London  in  1802.  He  married 
Miss  Rebecca  Smith,  a  native  of  Washington 
county,  New  York,  whose  grandfather  was  ("ap- 
taiii  Allen,  a  native  of  Scotland.  He  marrioil 
in  the  city  of  Castile,  a  pure  Castilian,  a  Span- 
ish lady  of  an  honorable  family.  Mrs.  Sloan's 
parents  had  sovc;i  children,  three  of  whom  are 
now  living. 


Slie  was  born  in  ChautaiKina  county,  Nciv 
York,  August  13,  I8;i8,  and  was  reared,  'iducated 
and  resided  in  her  native  county  until  she  was 
thirty-two  years  of  age,  when  she  cume  to  Ore- 
gon. She  was  mairied  in  1S4S  to  Mr.  Chester 
Sloan,  a  native  of  Chautaiujua  county,  New 
York,  on  So|)teinber  20,  1848.  His  people  were 
early  settlers  of  Madison  county.  New  York, 
and  were  highly  respected  peopli^ 

In  18()l  they  came  to  Forest  Grove,  where 
they  rented  far  a  cou[ilo  of  years  the  Alviii  T. 
Suiiih  place,  and  then  removed  to  eastern  Ore- 
gon, where  they  etigiiged  in  the  stock  business, 
in  this,  then,  wild,  unsettled  region.  They  were 
for  three  years,  in  the  strictest  seiue  of  the 
word,  pioneers,  and  experienced  all  the  lianl- 
sliips  and  vicissitndtM  of  tlnu  kind  of  life. 
They  were  isolated  fn»m  all  s(jciety  and  tlio 
pleasures  of  civilization,  but  found  many  oppor- 
tunities to  assist  their  fellow- men,  both  with 
shelter  and  food,  which  were  bestowed  with  that 
generous  hospitality  which  makes  receiving  a 
pleasure.  After  three  years  of  this  wild  life, 
among  cattle  and  liuliaus,  they  returned  to  Forest 
Grove,  where,  in  18()5,  they  opened  the  Forest 
Grove  Hotel,  where  she  has  presided  for  twenty- 
seven  years,  with  tliut  generous,  painstaking 
hos])itality  so  characteristic  of  the  lady,  ami  so 
charming  to  beliold.  She  has  entertained  many 
of  the  men  who  now  hold  the  highest  otKcial 
positions  in  the  State.  During  all  these  years 
she  recalls  with  pleiisure  that  no  worthy  poor 
person  was  ever  turned  iinsalistied  from  her 
door.  Thus  she  has  grown  alike  in  poptilarity 
with  the  rich  and  poor,  enjoying,  after  all  'heso 
years,  the  good-will  of  all. 

She  has  had  three  sons:  Eugene  C,  a  fine 
apiiearing  and  promising  young  man,  wlio  died 
in  his  twenty-fourth  year;  the  othiu' two,  ifames 
P.  and  George  ().,  the  latter  of  whom  was  born 
in  Forest  Grove,  still  reside  at  home. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sloan  own  several  excellent 
|)ieces  of  projierty  in  Forest  (rrove;  that  on 
which  the  hotel  stands,  and  the  adjoining  prop- 
erty, besides  a  number  of  large  blocks  in  the  city, 
which  Mr.  Sloan  ami  their  sons  have  planted  to 
prunes,  which  are  now  bearing  plentifully.  He 
and  son  have  also  devoted  the  prune  orchards 
to  the  choice  productions  of  choice  breeds  of 
thoroughbred  poultry,  in  wi.icli  they  have  been 
quite  successful,  having  many  prize  speciuuuis. 
The  principal  varieties  are  Plymouth  Rock, 
Wyandots,  Brown  and  White  Leghorns,  and 
.  Italian  Gaines. 


.^iAf- 


I 


imi 


IS'JO 


lllSrOUY    OV    OliKQON. 


i\Ir.  SU)«u  is  >i  Ilepnliliciin,  lioiiest  and  iiid.is- 
trioiis,  quiet  and  nmissuininri;,  Imspitiililo  iind 
fji'iierons,  imd  iiincii  respected  and  osteeiiiud  l)y 
his  followciti/.ons.  all  of  wliii-.li  may  l>o  tnitli- 
fidlv  said  of  his  e.stinial)lu  wife,  who  is  one  with 
'iini  ill  his  ainliitious,  and  sorrosvs  and  fares. 

^.N'Oi^HW  C.  SMITH,  M.  I).~Anionrr  tlio 
youni^ur  |)liysi('ians  of  I'ortland  who  have 
rapidly  risen  into  proniineiice.  we  find  the 
the  name  of  Dr.  Andrew  C  Smith. 

He  wa.s  l)i)rn  in  iiiehlaiid  ooiiiity,  Wis(;oiisin, 
July  U,  l*S5t').  His  father,  1'.  C.  Sniitii.  a  na- 
tive of  IrelaiKh  LMiii^ratef'  to  .VintM'ica  wlien  a 
liov,  and  was  anion^  tlie  early  settler.-*  of  Wis- 
eonsin.  He  married  Miss  Klizaheth  Tully, 
daiiiihter  of  I'rof.  Hdninnd  Tnlly,  of  Oavan,  Ire- 
land, who  was  principal  of  a  celebrated  classical 
school  for  i)riests.  .NIr.  Smith  followed  fanning 
in  Wisconsin  until  \V>M.  when  lie  came  to 
I'ortland.  Orci^riii.  Kor  s(>\-eial  years  he  was 
connected  witli  the  river  improvements  as  cap- 
tain of  the  Commodore  i'eriy.  He  snl)se(|iiently 
removed  to  HI  Dorado  county.  California,  where 
lie  is  now  eiii^.a^'ed  in  ti.rminir. 

Andrew  C.  attended  St.  .Michael's  Collej^e, 
I'ortland.  and  complotod  his  classical  course  at 
private  schools  in  California.  In  December, 
187+,  he  entered  tlie  I'licitic  Medical  Colleije, 
later  called  (Jooper  Medical  Colleire,  and  there 
jfraduated  in  November,  1H77.  .Vcceptiiifr  an 
a])poiiitnient  as  .surijeoii  in  the  reo;ular  ai  my.  he 
was  stationed  at  '"amp  McDermott,  Xevada, 
diirinij  the  IJannock  Iinlian  campaign,  and  with 
Major  Mti/ner  was  in  the  field  throuifli  the 
I'matilla  country.  He  was  the  medical  officer 
who  accom])anied  the  command  of  (leneiid 
Howard  to  I'riest  Kapids  diirinj^  the  memorable 
council  with  Chief  Moses  and  his  warriors. 
.\fter  peace  was  declared.  Dr.  Smith  was  sta- 
tioned at  Front  I'oiiit,  San  Francisco,  until  his 
discharj>;e. 

In  18S()  he  o|)ened  an  office  in  Amador 
City,  California,  and  built  up  an  exten- 
sive and  lucrative  ))raetice,  wliich  he  con- 
tinued until  188s.  That  year  he  went  to 
New  York  city  ami  took  the  post-c' adu- 
ate  conrse  at  tlu*  New  York  Polyclinic.  He 
then  extended  his  ti-ip  to  Furopeaiid  passed  oik; 
year  in  the  hospital  in  Vienna,  aiul  in  visitinif 
the  hospitals    of  nerlin,  (Glasgow  and    London. 


kcturniiif^  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  September, 

1890,  he  located  at  I'ortlaml,  and   in    February, 

1891,  was  appointed  County  I'hysician,  which 
office  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  !'..  F(u-ester8,  A.  O.  F.  W..  Portland  Medical 
Society,  and  the  State  Me..icnl  Society  of  Cali- 
foi'iiia. 

Dr.  Smith  follows  a  ijeneral  practice  in  medi- 
cine and  surgery,  and  with  his  advanced  studies 
and  experience,  ha.s  ra|)idly  ac(|iiired  a  larire 
practice,  which  is  constantly  increasing. 

■i^ON.  .IKIUvY  STONE,  one  of  the  pn.nii- 
i\m\  '"'"^  .V^i'i'ii  business  men  of  Oregon,  and 
*;^if  (Mie  of  the  pioneers  of  that  State,  was  lK)rn 
in  ("harleiton.  Illinois,  June  12,  11^5-1.  He".vas 
the  fourth  in  the  family  of  nine  children  bom 
to  Dr.  John  and  Perinelia  (White)  Stone,  both 
natives  of  Indiana.  After  the  former  finished 
his  e<liicatioii  in  medicine  he  nvM-ried  and  re- 
moved to  ('harlestoii,  Illinois,  where  he  pursued 
his  practice  twenty-two  years,  and  in  l8l'>;J  with 
his  family  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  The 
family  came,  via  California,  where  they  stopped 
eighteen  months,  making  the  trip  with  ox  teams. 
.\fter  their  eighteen  months'  sojourn  in  (Jali- 
fornia  they  pushed  on  to  Oregon,  arriving  in 
the  Willamette  valley,  at  the  little  town  of 
Hethany,  where  the  father  remained  six  years, 
then  removed  to  Walla  Walla,  and  practiced  his 
l)rofe3sion  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
.March,  1870,  when  he  was  but  fifty  years  of 
age.  His  wife  is  yet  living,  residing  at  Athena, 
sixty-seven  years  of  age.  She  and  her  husband 
were  the  parents  of  nine  children,  the  seven 
now  living  are  all  residents  of  the  State  of  Ore- 
gon. 

Onr  subject  only  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a 
limited  schooling,  as  he  was  compelled  to  look 
out  after  his  own  interests  as  soon  as  old  enough. 
His  first  work  was  handling  sheep  for  others, 
and  never  allowed  inclination  to  influence  him  in 
the  choice  of  work,  l)iit  took  whatever  presented 
itself.  He  saved  his  money,  and  soon  was  able 
to  purchase  a  tract  of  land,  homesteading  in 
187^t  U>0  acres  of  good  land,  which  he  after- 
ward improveil,  and  made  into  a  good  farm. 
He  lived  on  this  for  twelve  years,  then  sold  out 
his  first  farm  of  200  acres  ami  again  bought, 
this  time  a  farm  of  400  acres,  three  and  one-halt 
miles  south  of  Athena,  where  ho  now   resides. 


ursrojir  of  oueoon. 


1921 


Scploinliei-, 

I'\)l)nmi'y, 

<'ii>ii,  vvliicli 

!!•  of   till!    K. 

11(1  Medical 
V  of  Cull- 


Here  he  Imti  iiyood  and  valuable  fiirin,  on  vvliicli 
he  riiiHos  grain,  devoting  all  his  land  to  that 
proihict,  havinif  an  average  of  4,500  bushels  of 
grain  a  year. 

Mr.  Stone  was  marrie  1  in  1870  to  Miss  .Fo- 
sopliine  Perinifer,  a  native  of  Kansas,  wlio  cainu 
to  Oreiroii  witli  her  parents  in  1877.  She  is 
the  daiiirhter  of  John  and  Car.iline  I'eringer. 
Five  children  have  been  born  to  .N[r.  and  N[rs. 
Stone,  as  follows:  Oassie  Estella,  Stephen  Ar- 
thur, David  Taylor,  Edward  Clitt'ord  and  one 
who  died. 

Our  subject  is  one  of  the  self-made  men  of 
Oregon,  coiiiineneing  life  as  a  herd-boy.  lie 
worked  his  way  up  from  that  hjwiy  position  to 
beinir  one  of  the  Legislators  of  the  State,  but 
has  had  to  work  very  hard  in  order  to  attain 
such  wonderful  results.  He  is  still  in  the  prime 
of  life,  and  now  enjoys  the  fruits  of  Ihh  labors, 
liarilsliips  and  early  privations.  In  March, 
1802,  he  received  the  iioininatioii  at  the  Demo- 
cratic convention,  held  at  Pendleton,  for  the 
lioiiorable  office  of  Ueprosentative  of  Umatilla 
county,  and  in  June,  of  the  same  year,  after  a 
hard-contesteil  electi  in,  with  two  other  candi- 
dates in  the  field,  he  was  elected  by  a  handsome 
plurality,  and  he  will  take  his  seat  on  the  first 
Stonday  in  January,  18'J,^,  among  the  law-mak- 
ers of  the  capitol.  where  he  will  serve  his  con- 
stituents to  the  best  of  his  ability.  He  served 
as  volunteer  in  the  Indian  war  of  1878  in  this 
State,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Willow  Springs, 
fought  on  July  ti,  that  year. 

Mr.  Stone  is  a  member  of  the  Wild  Horse 
Lodge,  L  O.  O.  F.,  No.  73,  at  Athena,  and  has 
passed  all  the  chairs  in  that  lodge. 


-*« 


^m 


**- 


fA.  STANTON,  one  of  Oregon's  respected 
pioneers  of  1852,  now  a  resident  of  Or- 
o  ville,  Clackamas  county,  was  born  in  Clay 
county,  Missouri,  .January  17,  1833.  His 
grandfather,  John  Stanton,  emigrated  from  Ire- 
land to  Kentucky,  and  was  a  soldier  in  both  the 
_Ilevolntionary  aiid  Black  Mawk  wars.  Uemar- 
'ried  Miss  Nancy  Pealy,  and  they  became  the 
parents  of  four  sons  and  three  daughters.  He 
died  in  his  soventy-Iiftli  year,and  his  wife  in  her 
eightieth.  He  was  a  boot  and  shoe  maker  by 
occu|)ation,  and  in  religion  was  a  Uaptist.  His 
fourth  child,  Jerry  Stanton,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky and  reared  in  Missouri.      He  married  Miss 


Mary  Smith,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  the 
daiiLflitiir  of  .Vndcrsoii  Smith,  of  Tennessee. 
lie  died  in  Andrew  county,  .Missouri,  in  1847. 
She  also  died  in  Missouri.  They  hail  nine 
children,  of  whom  seven  are  still  livinir,  ,1.  A. 
Stanton  being  their  c)ldest  child. 

Mr.  Stanton  was  reared  in  Missouri.  His 
father  died  when  ho  was  si.Nteeii  years  old,  and 
he  was  then  cast  iijion  his  own  r;\sourcos.  He 
obtained  work  on  the  Missouri  river  as  a  steam- 
boat hand,  and  in  the  spring  of  1852  started  to 
cross  the  plains,  having  a  horse  and  mule  and 
working  his  passage.  The  party  with  which  he 
traveled  were  harassed  by  the  Indians,  but 
reached  their  destination  in  safety,  arriving  in 
Oregon  on  tlui  loth  of  Octolier.  He  came  to 
Marion  county,  and  for  a  time  worked  tor  his 
uncle,  near  Silverton.  August  29,  1854,  he 
married  Miss  Harriet  Moser,  who  was  born  in 
Indiaiia,  September  13,  183ti,  daughter  of 
Joseph  .Moser,  of  (Torman  descent.  Somi  after 
their  marriage,  Mr.  Stanton  purchased  a  farm 
1  of  210  acres  in  Marion  county,  on  which  they 
resided  from  1S()3  to  1877.  They  then  bought 
a  place  on  French  prairie,  where  they  lived  three 
years,  and  from  there,  after  selling  out,  they 
came  to  Clackamas  county.  Hero  they  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  Itio  acres,  and  on  it  they  have 
since  resided. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanton  have  had  the  following 
named  children:  Mary  Ellen,  who  died  when 
two  years  old;  Isabella,  wife  of  William  Murry, 
resiiles  at  Grande  ll(jude;  ■losephinis  wife  of  11. 
S.  Thomas,  resides  on  Butte  creek,  in  Marion 
county;  Jennie,  wife  fif  F.  RIackby,  die  I  in  her 
twenty-third  year;  William  Franklin,  who  re- 
sides in  Clackamas  county;  Jasper  N.,  who  lives 
near  hia  father;  Henjamin  at  home;  .Viuanda, 
wife  of  William  Woodcock,  lives  lujar  her  par- 
ents; John  A.,   Willard,  and  IJlewford. 

Mr.  Stanton  is  in  politics  a  Democrat.  He  is 
a  reliable,  upright  citizen,  and  a  good  represen- 
tative of  the  ()regon   pioneers. 

g    T^Jtft  .1,1 ?<ir     Mil 1  I.   flfgT    % 

f\l.  ISA.\C  STARR,  a  practitioner  at 
Brownsville,  was  born  on  the  donation 
claim  of  his  father,  on  Benton  county, 
Oregon,  in  1854.  His  parents,  Philip  M.  and 
Ann  Martha(Rambo) Starr,  were  nativesof  Ohio. 
Philip  M.  was  reared  upon  the  farm,  but  in  early 
manhood  engaged  in  the  study  of  theology,  and 


r 


Vi2'i 


IIISTOHY    OF    OlWdoN. 


I'litiM't'd  the  ministry  of  tlio  Metlioditit  Cliiiruli. 
lie  ci'DsxMJ  the  jihiins  with  his  fuiiiily  i"  1^0-4 
witli  one  ox  teiiin,  i'.\|it'iiiMu^i]ii^  llic  usual  iiiri- 
(ii'iits  of  tliat  iiKidi!  ol'traveh  l.amiiiii^  in  Orc- 
{fon  ill  tlu;  aiitmnn,  in'  IdcutiMi  liis  iloimtioii 
claim  of  ii^idacius  lu'ar  Starr's  I'oint,  now  Iviiown 
as  Monroe,  I'cnton  county,  lie  tijiMi  joiucd  tlie 
Ort'ffoM  ("orii'crfueo,  anil  lor  twunty- five  const'iui- 
tive  years  was  enjraj^ed  in  church  work,  lit) 
served  one  year  us  I'l-esidinj^  lOldor  of  the  '.•'ort- 
land  District,  and  in  187.S  was  deloifate  to  tiie 
General  Conference  at  Cincinnati.  Siilfering 
from  a  severe  full,  folhiweil  hy  a  stroke  of  ]iar- 
alysis,  he  was  olilioed  to  retire  in  1880,  and  now 
resides  near  llalsey,  Linn  county. 

Isaac  W.  ijained  his  education  at  Philomath 
College,  Henton  county.  He  then  entered  the 
medical  department  of  Willamette  University, 
^raduatiiig  tlicrefi'om  in  187'.),  and  commenced 
jiractice  at  .Monroe.  In  1878  he  removed  to 
IJrowiisville  where  he  has  since  followed  a  fjen- 
eral  practice  and  has  Iniilt  u|)  an  extensive  pat- 
ronnije.  Jn  1882  he  boufrlit  one-half  interest  in 
the  di'Uff  store  of  Cr.  C.  lilakely,  and  continued 
until  1884.  when  Blakely  sold  his  interest  to  T. 
Forsyth,  and  the  firm  Starr  &  Korsyth  ojierated 
the  store  until  18S7,  when  the  Doctor  sold  out. 
In  1889  he  started  the  City  Druo  Store  in  part- 
nership with  (i.  (.'.  Sranard,  and  in  Feliruary, 
18UI),  lioiiirht  the  Stanard  interest  and  has  since 
continueil  alone.  lie  owns  the  store  projierty, 
22  X  110  feet,  ami  his  residence  on   Main  street. 

He  was  married  in  Brownsville,  in  1882,  to 
Miss  Clara  ISishop,  a  native  of  Linn  eoiinty  "nd 
the  daughter  oi  VV.  II.  Bishop,  a  pioneer  (d' 
1854.  To  this  union  has  lieen  aiided  two  chil- 
<lren,  CJhester  Harvard  and(ieorgia.  'I'he  Doctor 
is  a  uuMiilier  of  the  hluo  lodge  and  chapter, 
V.  \,  A.  M.,  I.  ().().  1'.,  and  K.  of  P.  lie  is 
devoted  to  his  profession,  which  consumes  all  of 
his  time,  and  he  is  also  interested  in  i)romotiiig 
every  enterprise  which  has  the  (leveloj)ment  of 
the  city  of   Brownsville   in   view. 


''^&*'W^''3"^*  ' '" 


fll  ARLES  FRANCIS  WORTMAX,  M.  D., 
a  practicing  physician  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
was  born   Novomher  27,  185i{,  and  claims 
OregoTi  (;ity  as  the  iilace  of  his  nativity. 

Jacoh  Wortman,  liis  father,  is  a  native  of  St. 
John's,  New  Brunswick,  liurn   in    1827,  the  son 


of  Fnglish  parents.  He  emij;rated  in  early 
childhoiid  to  Ohio,  and  .sul)se(|Uently  to  Iowa, 
being  reared  to  farm  life.  In  ISul  he  married 
Miss  Fli/a  Stumbo,  a  lady  of  (terman  descent, 
and  the  followint;  spi'ing  with  ox  teams  and  the 
typical  "prairie  schooner,"  set  out  with  his 
Worldly  possessions  to  cross  the  plains  to  Ore- 
gon. The  train  with  which  he  traveled  was  a 
large  one  and  the  journey  was  made  in  safety 
until  they  reached  the  up|)*?r  Smike  rivi>r,  where 
nuiMV  of  the  company  contracted  cholera,  which 
was  so  jircvalent  upon  the  plains  that  year.  A 
brother-in-law  of  Mr.  Wortman  and  several 
other  members  of  the  party  die<l  and  were 
buried  by  the  wayside.  The  others  continued 
their  weary  journey  westward,  and  arrived  at 
Portland  that  fall  with  very  little  money,  and 
no  visible  means  of  8U|)port.  Mr.  W'ortnmn 
settled  at  Portlanil  and  first  engaged  in  draying, 
but  shortly  afterward  si'ciired  etnployment  upon 
a  steainiioat,  in  which,  with  Colonel  Joseph 
Teal,  he  purchased  an  interest,  and  to  them  be- 
longs tlie  honor  of  opening  mivigatiou  to  Eu- 
gene City,  their  boat  being  the  lirst  to  descend 
the  river  to  that  point.  Mr.  Wortman  removed 
his  lamily  to  Oregon  City,  and  operated  upon 
the  river  for  several  years.  He  then  started  a 
factory  at  Oregon  C!ity  for  the  manufacture  of 
straw  jinper,  l)iit  the  enterprise  was  far  in  ad- 
vance of  the  devehipment  of  the  country,  and  in 
couse(]uence  the  i)roprietor8  of  the  establish- 
ment suffered  heavy  financial  loss,  and  in  the 
phraseology  of  the  country  Mr.  Wortman  found 
liimself  "  dead  liroke."  Ho  then  started  a  small 
gi'ocery  store  at  ( )regon  City,  which  lu^  increased 
with  the  development  of  the  town,  operating  it 
successfully  for  twelve  years  He  then  .sokl  out 
and  I'emoved  to  Junction  ('ity,  Lane  county, 
and  start(!d  a  general  merchandise  store,  also 
opening  a  branch  store  at  Monroe,  Benton 
county,  both  of  which  he  carried  on  for  seven 
years,  having  a  large  and  profitable  trade.  Sell- 
ing out  again,  he  removed  to  AIcMinnville, 
Yum  Hill  cf)unty,  and  engaged  in  a  private 
banking  i)usiness,  which  was  sui)sO(]uently  con- 
verted into  the  First  National  Bank  of  McMinn- 
ville,  of  which  h(<  is  president.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wortman  have  four  children:  John  F.,  a  mer- 
chant of  Portland;  Charles  Francis,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch;  .Foseph  L.,  a  scientist,  now  em- 
ployed as  superintendent  of  paheontology  and 
geology  at  (Central  Park,  New  York  city;  and 
Hardy  C,  who  is  engaged  with  his  brotlier 
-lohn  T.  in  the  merchandise  business. 


l/ISTOin     dh'   allKdoN. 


i9sa 


Clmrles  V.  rt'cuived  his  oducntion  at  Ort'f^on 

VAty  At  tliu  ai^i)  of  ui;;liti'iMi  liu  LMitcred  liin 
fiitlii-r's  tstnjiloy  iind  Kiili^tMjiieritly  liuciime  li 
pMi'tiuM'  in  tliu  liiisiiichH,  coiitiniiiMg  iii«  hiicIi 
until  188(1.  II(^  tluMi  tiisposfil  ot'  liir-  iiiteit't*t, 
went  to  l'liilu(lcl|)liin  and  entnird  tiio  .ItdTerson 
Medical  Oolli'^'e,  where  he  ffnuhiiitcd  in  Miirch, 
1881,  with  till' ik'j^ree  of  M.  I).  Rituniini;  to 
Oreijoii,  he  I'oinnieneed  |)iiiclic'e  at  Monroe,  lieu- 
ton  county,  wliere  lie  reniained  tor  tlireo  years. 
Then,  ill  order  to  furtlier  prepare  himself  tor 
his  life  '.'.  nk,  he  went  to  Kurope  and  pii>^ed  two 
and  a  half  yearit  in  the  University  of  Vienna 
and  the  hospitals  of  Iterlin  and  London,  Htudy- 
iiig  under  the  in8triietir)n  of  private  tiitorB  in 
ordei'  to  make  more  rapid  advanceinent.  lie- 
turning  to  I'ortland  in  the  fall  of  IS'.M),  he 
opened  an  otlice  for  jreneral  practice  and,  with 
his  hroad  knouledfje  and  piactical  exjierii'nce,  in 
liotli  UKMlicine  and  surgery,  his  reputation  as  a 
ekillcii  physician  was  (jiiickly  estahlished,  and 
his  success  achieved  from  the  very  start. 

The  Doctor  is  a  memher  of  the  V.  &  A.  M., 
K.  of  P.  and  B.  l\  O.  E.  lie  is  a  frequent 
lecturer  hefore  the  medical  <h'|)artineut  of  the 
Willamette  Cniversity,  luit  his  professional  du- 
ties will  not  [lermit  hiiri  to  accept  a  pr(jtessor- 
ship. 

■ ^-^-^ 


SiRAM  J.  SMITH,  a  highly  respected  citi- 
zen of  Salem,  is  a  memher  of  that  hon(U'ed 
liody  of  pioneers  who  came  to  Marion 
county,  Oregoii,  in  185'2.  lie  was  horn  in 
Madison  comity,  Iowa,  duly  i.  183;}.  Ills 
grandfather,  John  J.  Smith,  was  a  native  of 
N'iri^iiiia,  liut  removed  to  Kentucky  in  an  early 
day;  later  he  went  to  Ohio,  n^ared  his  family 
there,  anil  died  at  tiie  advanced  ai^e  of  ninety- 
three  years.  Elijah  Smith,  son  of  .lohii  J.,  was 
horn  in  Ohio,  and  married  Miss  Annie  Uiddle, 
a  native  of  Ohio;  thev  were  the  parents  of 
eleven  children,  Ilii-ain  J.  Iieing  the  second- 
horn.  The  family  immij^rateil  to  Iowa,  and 
there  our  ^uhject  passed  an  uneventful  youth, 
dividing  his  time  hetween  the  district  school 
and  the  duties  that  usually  fall  to  the  lot  of  a 
farn.er's  son.  In  1S.'32  his  father  and  the  fam- 
ily crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  making  the 
journey  with  i'\  teams;  the  ninth  day  of  May 
they  passed  over  the  Missouri  river,  and  were 
heyond    the  Cascades  the    3d  t>f  the  following 


Septemher;  tliey  had  a  safe  trip,  and  oidy  ono 
of  the  company  died  on  the  way.  The  lather 
purchased  '■JO  acres  of  land,  on  which  ho  liviMJ 
one  wintn  ,  In  the  spring  he  ^dd  the  tract,  and 
located  on  another  farm  of  320  acres  of  tiovern- 
nient  land;  there  he  huilt  a  home,  and  culti- 
vated the  lancl  for  two  years;  celling  it  at  the 
end  of  that  time.;  he  next  purchased  (IT' »  acres 
near  Macleay. 

When  lliinm  il.  Smith  started  out  to  meet 
the  respiin^ibilitii'-  of  life,  he  wa>  first  I'uiployed 
hy  the  month,  Inil  in  Octoher,  1^.")4,  lie  went  to 
\  reka,  Si-kiyoii  county,  California,  and  engaged 
in  placer  mining;  ho  followed  this  business 
witii  lair  success  for  three  years,  his  hest  day 
liringiuf*  him  #100.  He  next  went  to  the  Idaho 
mines,  where  he  met  with  divided  fortunes,  hut 
came  away  with  enough  money  to  buy  200  acres 
of  choic(<  land  in  the  Waldo  Hill  district;  there 
he  huilt  a  li  -e,  improved  the  laii<l,and  devoted 
his  enerfiies  to  airricultii  i;  from  18(iO  until 
1881;  in  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Salem, 
but  retained  the  inanagemeut  of  his  ranch.  In 
1888  he  purchased  lots  an  Imilt  a  handsome 
residence  at  the  corner  of  i'welfth  and  State 
streets. 

After  the  purchase  ot  his  farm,  in  I8(i(),  Mr. 
Smiiii  was  married  to  -Mis:-  Kniily  McAlpin,  a 
native  of  Indiann.  To  thiun  have  been  horn 
four  childreii:  lielle  is  the  wife  of  C.  II.  llongli- 
am;  Cora  niarrie<l  .John  Mear;  Ida  and  Jesse 
are  at  home  wdth  their  parents. 

Mr.  Smith  has  been  a  stanch  Kejiublican 
since  the  war.  and  is  a  man  u  ho  can  lie  relied 
npon  after  he  has  taken  a  position  upon  any 
question,  as  he  possesses  the  courage  of  his  con- 
victions, lie  has  led  a  life  of  industry,  and 
has  secured  a  comfortable  cotnpetency  for  his 
<le(dining  years. 

-       -^-^••^? 

lODNEY  SCOTT  was  horn  in  St.  Charles 
county,  Missouri,  in  1812.  His  parents, 
Felix  and  Ellen  (Cansley)  Scott,  were  na- 
tives of  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  respectively. 
Thi>y  emigrated  to  Missouri  in  1882,  where  Mr. 
Scott  attained  prominence  and  served  his  county 
'  in  the  State  Senate  for  six  years,  and  was  also 
j  elected  Lieutenant-Oovernor  of  the  State.  With 
j  his  wife  and  six  children  he  started  for  Califor- 
i  Ilia  in  the  spring  of  Is-l.'),  the  train  of  ox  teams 
I   nuniberiug  about  fifteen  wagons  and  fifty  people, 


1334 


niSTOKY    OF   OHKnON. 


Mr.  Scott  lieinj{  ulfcti'il  fiipliiiM  (il'  tlie  Iraiii. 
After  six  iiiuiitlis  of  triiM'l  llioy  IiiimIoiI  iit  Siit- 
tiu'V  fort,  and  passed  tiin  winter,  and  in  tlio 
sjiriiif^  of  IS4I)  sold  llieir  waj^ons,  and  uitii  llicir 
cattle  and  puci<  lirrseu  went  liy  Imlian  trail  to 
Oregon,  direet  to  Vani  Hill  eoimlv,  and  passed 
the  winter  with  Joe  Watts,  in  tin,'  spring  of 
1847  tliey  returned  to  Lane  county,  and  localtMJ 
on  ti4()acres  in  the  forks  of  the  Willaniette  river, 
and  en<;at(e(l  in  stoek-i'aisinfj.  lie  iillilt  a  saw- 
nill,arid  followed  Ininherino;  for  about  two  years, 
hut  in  18HS  went  to  Calil'oinia,  and  ndneil  very 
snecesst'ully  for  a  year.  Ten  years  later  he  re- 
turned Kast  hy  wali'i-  to  purchase  sonic  tine 
horses,  I'etiirning  in  the  spring  of  1859  with  ox 
teams,  ten  head  of  horses  and  two  men  as  help- 
tira,  across  the  plains.  The  journey  was  nuide 
successfully  until  they  reaeluMi  the  headwaters 
of  the  I'it  river,  and  there  they  were  assaulted 
)y  the  Indian^,  inunlered,  and  the  stock  stolen. 
lie  had  been  a  Ueprcscntative  to  the  Territorial 
liigislatnre,  and  in  1H47  he  was  appointed  by 
President  I'olk  to  treat  with  the  ln<lian8  of  the 
Coast  mountains. 

Rodney  Scott  was  educated  in  Lane  county, 
and  followed  farniinj;  and  stock-raising,  living 
with  his  nrother  on  the  farm.  In  IHTti  he  was 
nominated  and  elected  to  the  I.ei;ishiture  by  the 
Kepublican  party.  Ueinaining  u[ion  his  ranch 
until  1880,  he  then  removed  to  town,  that  his 
children  luijrht  improve  the  educational  advan- 
tages, and  he  purchased  his  present  residence,  on 
the  corner  of  Eleventli  and  High  streets.  In 
18S-1-  Mr.  Scott  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Hoard  of  Regents  of  the  State  I'niversity,  ami 
still  holds  that  othce.  In  1888  he  was  elected 
tludge  (pf  Lane  county  for  a  term  of  four  years. 
He  still  owns  :{2()  acres  of  the  original  donation 
claim  and  valuable  j.roperty  in  the  city  of  Ku- 
gene,  and  is  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of 
Lane  county. 

He  was  married  in  1863  to  Miss  M.  li.  Isett, 
of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  two  cbihlren;  ]\Iiu- 
nie  and  Dora,  the  latter  now  tilling  the  position 
of  Librarian  at  the  State  University. 


fLEMMOX  (;.  SCOTT,  a  prosperous  and 
more  highly  respected  farmer  of  Vain  Hill 
county,  is  a  native  of  Indiana,  wdiero  he  was 
liorn  d  uly  1).  18  15.  He  accompanied  his  parents 
to  Iowa  in  185:2,  where  he  afterward  attended 


the  |)nblic  schools,  anil  where  he  coiitiniied  to 
live  until  he  was  twenty  years  of  age,  wlun,  in 
18()r),  he  came  direii  to  ^  am  HiM  county,  Ore- 
gon. 

After  a  year's  residence  in  Oregon,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Mahala  \.  McCiitchcon,  wdio  is  also 
a  native  of  Indiana,  and  a  very  estimable  lady. 

After  his  marriage  ho  rented  a  farm  near 
Dayton,  on  which  he  remained  for  three  years, 
when  he  renleil  another  of  87")  acres,  wdiiidi  ho 
farmed  for  seven  years,  and  met  with  very  en- 
couraging success  as  a  stock  and  grain  raiser. 
He  received  from  the  latter  farm  a  large  yield 
of  both  wheat  and  oats,  which  he  hauled  to  Day- 
ton and  to  Portland,  realizing  on  them  a  very 
good  profit.  In  1874  he  punduised  his  present 
farm  of  ::il5  acres.  On  this  farm  he  worked 
most  (tarefiilly  and  persistently,  grubbing  it  and 
cultivatiiiir  tiie  soil,  besides  imnrovini''  it  with  a 
substantial  residence  and  barns  for  his  grain  and 
stock,  until,  under  his  able  matiiii^ement,  it  has 
become  one  of  'he  choicest  and  mo>t  jiroductive 
farms  of  this  beautiful  valley.  He  paid  for  his 
tirst  purchase  S17  an  acre,  since  which  ho  has, 
from  time  to  lime,  as  his  means  permitted, 
added  to  his  original  purchase,  until  he  now 
owns,  in  one  body,  404  acres.  His  last  pur- 
chase of  188t  acres  cost  him  §39  an  acre,  and 
the  whole  is  now  valued  at  $75  an  acre,  and  is  ■ 
not  for  sale. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Scott  have  three  children,  all 
born  in  Vani  Hill  county:  James  Winticld, 
William  and  Sarah  lOlizabeth,  all  of  whom  are 
graduates  of  the  McMinnville  ('olieire,  and  re- 
Hect  credit  on  their  educators  and  the  State  of 
their  birth. 

Mr.  Scott  is  Democratic  in  politics,  and  takes 
a  very  great  interest  in  all  the  officers  of  the 
county  and  in  the  schools.  He  holds  the  office 
of  School  Clerk,  and,  in  1890,  received  the 
nomination  for  County  Commissioner. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  takes 
a  prominent  interest  in  the  Cxrange. 

He  and  his  wife  and  three  of  the  children  are 
ineitibers  of  the  liaptistOhiiAh,  of  which  church 
he  has  been  for  the  last  fifteen  years  a  Deacon, 
and  most  active  in  its  behalf.  Heaided  in  build- 
ing the  church  edifice  and  also  in  erecting  the 
college  building,  both  of  which  are  ornaments 
to  the  filace,  as  well  us  worthy  objects  of  care, 
diifnsing,  as  they  <1<>.  knowledge  and  i.'orality 
throughout  the  conitnuiuty. 

He  has  also  erected  for  himself  and  family  a 
comfortable   residence   in    McMinnville,   on   iin 


Htsroiir  Oh'  (iitKdos. 


18'JS 


•MtilllKMl  to 
!■>    Vvllt-li,    ill 

iinty,  Ore- 

I.  Ill'  riiar- 
'lio  Ik  iilno 
iiilili!  lady. 
•  ■'ii-iii  rmnr 
lii'Of!  yoi«rN, 

wlifch  lid 

1  vnry  oti- 

■aiii  raiMer. 

ar^ru  yiold 

Ito  Day. 

ii'in  a  very 
it^  pi'fsctnt 
H'  \V( irked 
•iiiir  it  and 
^'  it  witli  a 
.riaiii  and 
unt,  it  has 
|ir()diurtiv(i 
lid  t'cir  Mh 
'di  ill!  has, 
luTinittcd, 
il   ho  now 
last  piir- 
I  acre,  and 
ere,  and  is 

ililren,  all 
Winlield, 
whom  are 
e,  and  ro- 
e  State  of 

and  takes 

ii"s  of  the 

file  oUico 

sived    the 

and  takes 

Idren  are 
ill  cliundi 
I'eacon, 
in  Iniild- 
i-'tin^  the 
•nainents 
of  care, 
i>'orality 


famil_j' 
.   on   iin 


a 


attractive  Bite,  botli  hoiiee  and  siirroiindin^fH  !)e- 
in^f  sn^jj^chtive  of  cidliire  and  taste. 

Thus,  honutftly  and  iierheverinj^ly,  he  haa 
carved  out  his  fortune  from  the  nafiinil  advan- 
taM;es  of  this  lieailtifiil  and  productive  eommon- 
weallh,thaM  which  there  was  never  a  more  j^dori- 
ons  one  in  the  worhl.  In  acconiplishini.'  this, 
however,  he  has  never  foi'feited  the  ^ood-will 
of  his  nei(^id)orrt,  hut  enjoys,  iindispntodly,  their 
lushest  respect  and  eBteeui. 

fiCOKGP:  W.  t^TAVKH.oneof  the  foremost 
developers  ■''  ;ne  ajjrienltiiial  husinivss  in 
the  j.'r<-.t  iSorthwest,  a  pojudar  citizen  of 
Orejron's  heautifnl  metn. polls,  and  a  compaii- 
ionahle  j^entlenian,  wr.s  horn  in  Center  county, 
I'ennsylvunia,  in.lSiiO.  His  parents,  I-'rederick 
and  Kehecca  (McKesson)  Staver,  were  also  na- 
tives of  tlie  Iveyetone  State,  hoth  leinj^  de- 
Bcended  from  old  and  honored  residents  of  that 
State,  whose  ancestors  tijrui'ed  in  colonial  times. 
IJis  father  followed  ajfricnllural  |)ursuit8,  re- 
moving from  his  native  State  to  Illinois  in 
1854;  and,  thence,  in  1JS55,  removed  to  (Ireen 
county,  Wisconsin,  where  he  now  resides  in 
peace  and  comfort,  after  an  active  and  useful 
career. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  county,  and  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Illinois.  '  In  ISfil 
he  entered  Warren  Academy,  at  Warren,  the 
latter  State,  where  he  was  scarcely  installed  he- 
fore  the  country  was  rent  with  civil  discord. 
Fired  with  patriotism,  he  hastened  to  offer  his 
services  to  the  country,  and,  in  September, 
1H()1,  eiLlistcMl  in  the  Fifth  Wisconsin  I'attery, 
and  re-enlisted  in  ISfi4,  nntil  the  close  of  the 
war.  His  service  was  in  the  Department  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  he  was  enj^aj^eil  in  the  battles 
at  Farmington,  I'erryville,  Stone  IJiver,  Chicka- 
mangii.  Missionary  Ridfre,  and,  under  (ieneral 
Sherman,  participated  in  the  bottle  at  Resaca, 
following  that  (ieneral  on  his  summer  campaitrn, 
making  the  final  march  to  Washington,  where 
he  took  p.irt  in  the  grand  review.  lie  was 
then  honorably  discharged,  after  three  years  and 
nine  and  one-half  months  of  faithfu'  .^iid  ef- 
ficient service. 

On  liis  return  to  his  home,  he  becaim  a 
victim  of  Cii])id's  wiles  and  inarried  a  tnos' 
charming  lady.  Miss  Sarah  \.  Thorp,  at  Clarno. 


(Jreen  county,  Wisconsin,  in  thinuary,  18tJ(i,  of 
which  Stale  she  wiH  a  native.  Locating  on  ii 
farm,  he  followed  agricultural  pursuits  for alxiut 
two  years;  atter  which,  he  rt'irioMMJ  to  Nashua. 
Iowa,  where  he  engageil  in  mercantile  business 
for  three  yeiirs.  lie  then  returned  to  Wiscon- 
sin, locating  in  Momne,  where!  he  engaged  in 
the  hardwMie  ami  agriiidtural  implement  busi- 
lU'ss.  the  latter  of  ,\.  I.  Case  &  C!o.'h  man- 
ufacture, lie  continued  to  follow  this  occupa- 
tion successfully  until  .lanuary,  li^TH,  when  ho 
sohl  out  and  entered  the  employ  of  .1.  I  ('as(<, 
as  a  traveling  sale.<nuin,  with  a  route  through 
Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Indiana,  KiMitucky  ami 
Texas,  in  .laumiry,  1S7'.I,  he  was  sent  to  I'ort- 
I  lanil,  ( >rrgoii,  as  manager  of  the  .1.  I.<'nse& 
j  Co.'s  au'ency,  which  he  conducted  successfidly 
I  for  two  years.  In  Febrnaiy.  ISSI,  he  or- 
ganized the  firm  of  Staver  it  Walker,  pinrhas- 
ing  the  agency  of  J.  I.  Caso&Co.,  and  adding 
■  other  lines  of  goods,  until  he  had  a  com- 
|)lete  stock  of  farm  and  sawmill  imichinery, 
1  wagons,  buggies,  etc.  With  these  he  built  up 
\  an  extcnsivt!  trade,  established  agencies  through- 
out ( )regon,  Washington  and  Idaho,  realizing 
from  these  various  sources  a  hands(une  iiKrome. 
In  1887  this  business  was  incorporateil  uii<ler 
the  name  of  Staver  it  Walker,  who,  in  January, 
1892.  sold  their  branirh  honses,  merchandise, 
etc.,  to  the  corporatirtn  of  .Mitchell,  Lewis  it 
Staver  Company,  in  which  Mr.  Staver  rt^tiiined 
liis  position  of  viee-jtresident  and  ti(>asiirer. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Staver  have  tour  intelligent  and 
promising  children:  Fraiddin,  Ida  Thor|),  .lohu 
Frederick  and  Klla  Hannah. 

Mr.  Staver  is  intensely  public-spirited,  as  is 
witnessed  by  liis  wide  and  varied  coiiiu^ction  with 
nnnerous  social,  ecliicational,  charitable  and  re- 
ligions institutions.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
active  organizers  of  the  (xartield  Fost,  (i.  \.  li., 
in  which  he  takes  a  prominent  part.  He  is  a 
trustee  of  both  the  Willamette  and  Portland 
Fniversities,  being  elected  trustee  of  the  fiu'iner 
in  1887,  and  of  the  latter  in  1891,  having  been 
a  prime  mover  in  the  hitter's  (U'ganizatioii.  As 
a  useful  member  of  the  First  Methodist  Kjtisco- 
pal  Church,  has  served  as  Trustee  and  President 
of  the  Board  for  many  years.  He  was  for  four 
years  President  of  the  Portlatid  Methodist  Hos- 
pital, during  which  time  their  new  hospital  was 
erected  at  Sunnyside.  For  six  years  he  a 'ted  as 
president  of  the  Pacific  Christian  Advocate,  until 
the  pajier  was  taken    in   charge.  May,  1892,  by 


trie  pajier  was  taken    in   ci 
tile  Meihodist  Conference. 


laao 


HlSTOHY    OF    OHKOON. 


m  I 


\}m 


'M 1 


hi  ;  !;lk: 


It  Ik  i^riililviiif;  til  litiil  u  MKiii  uIki  ciiii  anil 
u  ill  turn  iiHiilcfnnn  luoiicy  inakiiij;  tn  K<i(itii(;  siif- 
ft'i'iii;;  limmiiiitj  anil  lift  iip  liin  titllow-incii.  Tlio 
i^'itlcr  iiii-i  sliuw  III'  wdi'Idly  |)i)s>*f.ssioiiH  tooot'ten  i 
liliiiil  (Mir  siirjit  to  tin;  greatiii'  pD.ssesnioiis  lio- 
voii'l,  onlv  atliiiimlile  l)_v  l'iilfilliiii(  our  iliity  to 
iiiankiiiil  ami  (iod. 

fOllN  V.  STKKFE.Washipl.iiil.kMat  North 
l'(ji'tlaiiil,  ouiirt  and  operates  oiu;  of  the 
laruent  sliip  yai'dn  of  tlio  Xortliwost.  He 
was  lioi'ii  in  (ii  riiiaiiy  in  18-t"^,  ami  spunt  his 
i;arly  youth  upon  a  t'ann.  He  was  ajjpictiticcd 
to  a  sliipl)uildcr  at  Iiiih(!(' to  loarii  the  siiip-cai'- 
pcnlers'  tiade,  and  after  four  years  of  servieo 
he  entered  the  Prussian  navy-yard  at  Daiitzic, 
where  he  followed  his  vocation  until  November, 
ISd'l.  He  then  ship|)ed  as  carijeiiter  upon  the 
(iernian  hri^antine  Volador  tor  Alanzaiiithi.  but 
left  the  vessel  at  N'alparaiso  in  .Inly,  1S65,  and 
re-shipped  iijion  the  Aineriean  iiarze  Dolphin 
f'.)r  l^altiinore.  lie  next  sailed  iijion  the  Anier- 
iean  sliip  t'owpor  for  Japan,  and,  after  visiting 
the  important  |)orfs,  he  returned  to  the  United 
States  with  ;iS4C!hiiininen,  who  were  landed  at 
ISan  I'Vanciscii  in  .lune,  18(i8.  Mr.  Steffeii  then 
followed  his  tra<k'  in  the  navy-yard  at  \'allejo 
until  the  sjirino;  of  1870.  when  he  came  to  Cort- 
land. After  two  your--  with  the  t ).  S.  X.  Com- 
pany lie  started  a  Bhiji-yard  at  the  foot  of  ( May 
street,  and  engaged  in  the  buildino;  of  river 
boats  for  freight  and  passenger  service.  The 
first  vessel  e«iistru(''ed  was  tlie  ^laria  Wilkins: 
she  has  served  iier  day  and  be<Mi  relej^ated  to 
the  '•  boneyard." 

With  rapidly  ine"i.asinu;  business  additional 
space  w'as  ve,|niied,  and  in  18T-f  Mr.  Steffen 
ojieiied  anotlier  _,ard  at  the  foot  of  H  street, 
and  that  year  secti-ed  his  first  (Tovernment  con- 
tract to  build  the  United  States  revenue  cutler 
Thomas  Corwiri,  which  is  still  afloat,  a  vessel 
of  great  speed  aiel  excellent  construction.  With 
the  growth  ol  the  city  the  sliip  yards  were 
crowded  to  the  ■iilmrbs,  and  in  1H81  Mr.  Stetfen 
removed  to  his  present  location  in  North  Port- 
land, where  be  has  ;{(M)  feet  water  frontage,  and 
ample  space  I'or  his  yards.  He  keeps  an  aver- 
age force  of  sixty  men  constantly  employed. 

Among  the  100  and  more  steantboats,  barifC.s 
anil  tugs  whi(di  he  has  constructed  those  de- 
serving  of    esiiociul    mention   are    the    I.uriine, 


Willamette  (Ihief,  Occident.  ( )rient  and  t  )ceun 
Wave  for  river  work;  the  .1.  F.  Potter.  Sea 
Home  and  Victoria  are  upon  the  sound.  .Ml 
are  stanch,  sea-worthy  boats,  the  last  iiamecl  be- 
ing one  (■;'  the  most  miii;niliceiit  ve>sels  upon 
the  eoant.  The  .Vlliaiice.  Vrillipan  and  the  tug 
boat  I'ilot  are  still  in  active  service.  In  1890 
the  (Jeorgia  Oaks  was  built  upon  Cceur  d'Alene 
lake,  in  Idaho,  for  passengei'  service. 

Mr.  Steffen  was  married  in  I'ortland  in  1873 
to  Miss  Laura  K.  (iallosvay,  ami  they  art;  now 
the  parents  of  four  children:  Lorena.  V.W-a  May, 
Freiiirick  K.  and  Margneriti;.  Mr.  .'^teflen  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  the  Masonic  fratern- 
ity, ill  wliicli  he  lias  taken  the  thirty-second 
degree.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  art  and  industry  of  shiplniilding.  and 
has  carried  the  business  to  a  high  degree  of  per- 
fection. A  dull  season  is  a  stranger  to  him. 
and  the  fact  that  he  is  always  pressed  with  work 
is  the  best  evidenct  of  his  skill  and  the  iiiteir- 
rity  and  honesty  of  his  methods. 


-^'-« 


^^^■'T^ 


ICIIAEL  STEFFEN,  one  of  Portland's 
reliabh"  merchant  tailors,  is  a  native  of 
the  city  of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  born 
on  May  18,  184:4.  His  father,  Jo.seph  Steft'en, 
was  born  in  Prussia,  Germany,  and  married 
Miss  Ann  Steffen.  a  native  of  (Termany.  having 
his  own  name  liul  no  relation.  They  came  to 
the  United  States  in  18;?!'  and  settled  tirst  in 
Detroit,  Michigan,  then  in  Cleveland,  then  in 
Chicago,  Illinois,  and  finally  they  removed  to 
Sheboygan,  Wisconsin,  where  he  died.  They 
had  eight  children,  tive  of  vvhtjiii  are  now  living. 
Michael  Steffen  was  raised  in  Sheboygan  and 
went  to  school  there,  lie  learned  the  trade  of 
tailor  in  Milwaukee,  and  .Vpril  3S,  I8rt2,  re- 
s|ioiided  to  the  call  of  President  Lincoln  for 
troops,  enl'.sting  in  ('oinpany  (-i.  iMghteentIi 
United  States  Infantry,  and  fought  three  years 
in  the  Union  army.  Department  of  the  Poto- 
mac. He  was  in  the  battles  of  Hoover's  (iap, 
Ciiickamauga  and  at  the  siege  of  Chattanooga, 
and  was  one  of  the  heroes  of  Missionary  Uidge, 
where  the  good  army  of  the  Republic  wrote  one 
(rf  the  most  brilliant  pages  in  the  history  of  tlie 
country  and  coveveci  themselves  with  glory. 
Aftin'  the  battle  they  pursued  the  enemy  to 
Kinirtrold.  Here  Mr.  Stetfen  was  taken  with 
ill-])ox    and    remained    at    (Jluvt.tanooga 


the    sn 


'.mmm^ 


HH 


msm. 


lll.^TiH;)      OF    i>l;h'ilil\. 


1*57 


aii'l  Ocean 
'i.ltcr.  Si-a 
.1111(1.      All 

Millllt'il  1k'- 
"^^^('ls  ll|>()ll 
Mil    tlu'   tllfr 

in  isyo 

iir  d'AltMie 


until  till-  .'Idkc  (if  till!  wiir.  Me  cam.'  out  ol  llio 
j^jifiit  >trifi'  wirlioiit  a  ^oratcli,  ami  was  iKMiDca- 
bly  clis{'h;ii'i;t'<l  at  Ldnkniit  Mniiiiliiin  mi  A|iiil 
'is,  IS()5.  Ht^  ii^ireij  tu  liis  Ikmiu-  ami  <'''i'i  j^rd 
in  biifiiiesg,  and  in  1879  lie  came  to  I'  ••'md, 
ami  waiJ  for  f<nir  years  enlter  foi'  tiie  liiin  of 
Fislie!  >\:  l{t)l)ert.s,  the  leadinj^  cliitliinj^  lionne  of 
l\>rtlan(l.  Since  then  lie  lias  cut  lor  and  lirei 
connected  with  the  most  nroinincnt  house-  c^f 
Poi'tlaiid.  In  August.  l8iU,  lu  ii|iened  lii« 
present  merchant  tailor  husines!;,  where  he  has 
experienced  workmen  ami  a  good  stock  of  im- 
ported cloths.  Mr.  Stert'en  has  had  lonj;  expe- 
rience in  the  Inisiness  and  is  reliable,  as  well  a» 
artistic  in  his  work.  lie  is  liiglily  deserving  of 
the  nice  business  that,  he  enjoys  from  the  best 
citizens. 

He  wv.s  married  in  1880  to  Mary  <  >"l)ea  of 
Massachusetts,  and  they  have  a  d(»liglitfiil  home. 
They  have  a  daughter  whom  they  have  named 
Irene.  Mr.  StefTen  is  rather  independent  in  jioli- 
tics  and  is  a  worthy  inembei'  of  the  (I.  A.  li. 


—rg^i 


■m:^^^^^ 


UTRTIS  C.  STROXG,  M.  I).,  came  to  the 
Northwest  Territory,  formerly  known  as 
Oregon,  in  lS4rit,  and  now  rejiresents  the 
medical  profession  us  the  oldest  continuous  jirac- 
titioner  of  the  city  of  I'ortland.  Ili.«  father, 
Judge  William  Strong. deceased,  for  inanvyears 
filled  a  prominent  place  in  the  pulilic  alfairs  of 
Oregon  and  Washington  Territory  lie  was 
descended  in  the  .seventh  geinM-ation  from  KMer 
John  Strong,  of  Xortlianipton,  Massachusetts, 
who  arrived  in  New  England  in  ICJO. 

Judge  Strong  was  born  at  St.  Albans,  Ver- 
mont, July  5,  1817.  He  was  giadnated  from 
Yale  in  1S38,  and  afterward  went  to  Cleveland. 
Ohio,  where  lie  taught  school  and  studied  law. 
After   his  admission    to   the  bar  he  be;;an  the 

Flractice  of  his  ])rofession  in  this  city,  where  he 
ived  until  .lannary,  1850.  He  was  married  at 
(ioshen,  Connecticut,  October  15,  1840,  to  Miss 
Lucrctia  Robinson,  a  daughter  of  William  Pitt 
Kobinsoii,  of  Xew  Haven.  Illinis. 

In  1849  he  was  appointed  As.-oeiato  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Oregon  Territory,  and 
with  his  family  embarked,  in  January.  1850.  on 
board  the  I'nited  State:"  ship  Sup|)ly 

The  Supreme  Court  was  held  in  those  days  at 
Oregon  City,  then  tht  capital  of  the  Territory, 
and  upon  its   removal   to   Salem  Judge   Strong 


and  Chief  .lustice  Nelson  declineil  to  admit  the 
lei;ality  of  the  act,  and  the  court  conlinned  lo 
sit  at  Oregon  City.  Tli(>  judges  recei\cMl  their 
share  of  critieii-m,  and  e\en  abiiNC,  but  nniin- 
lained  their  position  with  firiiiness  and  dignity. 

I  and,  tluuigli  the  advoi  ite-nf  the  lemovid  linally 
triiimplied  by  congressional  action,  no  luu;  to- 
day thinks  ot  i|uesfii)ning  the  integrily  or 
abilit\  (if  the  eonrt 

I'y  the  division  of  the  Terr  it  "ry  in  ISoJi  .linh'e 
Strong   became  a  eiti/.iMi   of   Washington   Terri- 

I  tory.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  (Jnitecl  States 
District  .lii'ige  for  Wasliini,'ton  Territory,  and 
reimiiried  on  the  bench  until  18(tl.  He  re- 
moved with  his  faiiiiiy  to  I'ortlaiid  in  iK*!:.',  ami 
there  resided  unt;',  his  death,  .\pril  1<»,  IMsti, 
i>uriMg  the  last  four  years  of  Lis  life  he  reliii- 
(]iii;-he(l  his  professio'ial  diitie~.  From  l.Sti2 
until  the  dissoluf  ion  o''  the  Oivgow  •■team  Navi- 
gation (Company  he  muh  its  legjii  art.  Iser.  Hu 
was  one  of  tlie  prime  •overs  is  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Library  Assi^Mrttion  of  this  city,  and 
was  for  teveral  years  its  vice-president.  He 
was  president  of  the  liar  .Association  during  its 
brief  continuance  as  an  active  lioily,  a  position 
to  which  he  was  ent:"lei|,  both  by  seniority  and 
rank  in  his  profession  He  was  an  ardent  friend 
of  the  Indian,  one  for  whom  the  red  muii  IwkI 
great  respect  and  wh'se  eoutis«'ls  were  alwaj* 
heeded.  For  two  years  previous  to  his  death  In? 
lived  a  widower,  his  cvcellent  wife  having  been 
called  to  the  other  lite  .November  '>.  iHH-i. 
They  were  the  parents  of  eiglii''  chlld.iu'n.  two  of 
whom  died  in  infancy:  Dr.  Curtis  C  Stroiii:, 
Frederick  K.  and  Thomas  N  .  lawyer-;  Williinii 
il.,  Ellen  and  Caroline,  all  living  in  Portland. 
The  Judge's  career  as  a  lawyer  wa»>  a  most  suc- 
cessful one,  and  as  an  :!dviser  his  ci>nii-el  was 
highly  esteemed. 

Curtis  ('.Strong  was  bom  in  Clevehii.d.  OL  ". 
December  ~!,  Is48,  but,  having  been  bnmjjht  to 
the  Pacific  coast  during  his  infancy,  his  »^rlie>'t 
recollection  is  of  (  atlilamet.  wlnre  he  lived  intrtut 
fourteen  years  of  age.  In  18()2  h*  caii.tie  to 
Portland,  and  attended  the  city  sel«*»l-  luitil 
1867,  when  he  entered  Marietta  Cwileijt;  at 
Marietta,  Ohio.  The  president  d'  rhi»  iiistitm- 
tion.  Prof.  Isaac  j\ndrews,  was  ;i  c<>n«t»ction  of 
the  family.  He  remaine!  there  until  ls('>9, 
when  he  went  to  liutf'alo.  .Xew  York,  ami  in 
1870  he  began  the  study  of  ine«licine  under  tiie 
jiri^ceptorship  of  Dr.  Milton  (r.  Porter.  He 
then  took  two  courses  of  lectures  in  the  medicHJ 
department   of   the   Fnivers-tj  of    Ruflalo,  and 


# 


\^\\^X''i 


■n 


Vi-M 


HlarOHY    OF  (iumo\. 


f!  lij 


.'iffcrwanl  c'ltorod  Belloviic  Hospital  .Nfediriil 
(Uilli'^rc.  New  York,  from  whieli  \w  was  j/racl- 
imti'il  ill  187:2.  IJctiiniinj^  to  I'<]rfiiiii(l  Ik-  lic- 
gmi  his  jinirtirc.  wliich  lii'  lias  I'lillowtMl  uiiltout 
iiilfrniptioii. 

In  1S74  lie  WHS  Olio  of  th<!  oi'f^iinizcrs  of  the 
Oret^on  Stato  Medical  Society,  aii<l  was  ekvted 
tlir  first  -I'l'ictary  of  this  hody,  tilling  tin'  office 
fur  ten  years.  To  him  is  lar^'cly  diit^  the  credit 
of  the  i'oiiiidiiig  of  the  medical  department  of 
the  l'ni\ersitv  of  ()ieL;on,  which  wa'^  or<^aiiized 
ill  .lime,  18s7.  He  is  idsf)  the  secretary  of  tlii.s 
di'|iartmeiit.  This  is  the  leadiiiff  iiK.'dical  school, 
and  ifl  rapiilly  raisinj;  the  standard  of  the  medi- 
cal profession  throughout  the  Ni)rthwe.''t.  Since 
the  i'oiindinjj;  of  the  Good  Samaritan  Hospital 
ill  lH7i5  Dr.  Strong  has  lieeii  on  the  int-dical 
staif,  lieiei.'  thefir^t  and  for  many  years  the  cnly 
meiiilicr  of  the  staff. 

lie  was  married  in  I'ortland  in  1874  to  Miss 
Alice  Henderson,  and  four  children  hav(>  been 
horn  of  the  union:  Alice,  Frederick  H.,  Kohert 
H.  and  Stuart  II.  l)i-.  Strong  Is  a  lueinlier  of 
the  Masonic  order,  lieloiigiiig  to  lodge  No.  55, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  He  is  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Oregon  I'ioneer  Association,  and  is  jiresident 
ol  the  Coliimhia  River  Centennial  Celehration 
Siiciety.  He  is  the  owner  of  coiisideralile  val- 
iialile  I'eal  estate  in  Portland,  and,  while  he  in- 
vests hie  surplus  means  in  this  way,  his  atten- 
tion is  Dover  diverte<l  from  his  j)rofes8ion  into 
a  eoinmeroial  channel.  He  is  a  practitioner  of 
rare  ahility  and  skill,  and  i.^  a  devoted  student 
of  the  science. 

|^AI!\'EV  C.  VK,\TCH,  who  is  engaged  in 
SMI  agricultural  pnisiiits,  one-half  mile  north 
*!^(  of  ('otlage  (trove  is  a  native  of  the  State 
of  Illinois,  born  in  White  county,  in  1828. 
His  parents,  Isaac  and  Mary  (Miller)  Veatch, 
were  liorn  in  K(Uitucky  and  South  (varolina,  re- 
spectively; in  ISDi  they  emigrated  to  White 
county,  Illinois,  and  continned  agricultural  pur- 
suits. Mr.  X'eatch  also  built  a  saw  and  grist 
mill,  both  of  which  were  operated  by  horse- 
power. He  earned  on  these  enterprises  until 
1845,  when  he  removed  to  I5looinfield,  Iowa, 
where  he  resumed  agrioultiiral  pursuits,  which 
he  followed  during  the  remainiler  of  his  life. 
Harvey  (.].  Veatch  remained  with  his  parents 
until  I85;{,  when  ho  said  '•  farewell  "  and  started 


to  Oregon,  taking  his  passage  as  helper  to  S.  H 
lvno\,  who  crossed  with  a  nnmln'r  of  wagons 
and  10(1  head  of  loose  cattle.  The  trip  wa^  a 
(|uict.  |)eacefiil  one.  and  they  arrived  in  the 
Willamette  valley  in  September.  Having  jiassed 
the  winter  near  .Vlbany,  in  the  spriii;^  of  1854 
they  came  to  Lane  county,  where  Mr.  Veatch 
locate  1  his  donation  claim  of  H20  acres,  north 
of  Co'tage  (ti'ove. 

He  was  married,  in  December.  1854,  to  Miss 
Margaret  .1.  Kno.\.  the  <'ldest  daughter  of  S.  li. 
Knox.  The  year  follnwing  his  marriage,  and 
,dso  in  185(1,  he  was  engaged  in  the  Indian  war, 
being  a  member  of  the  company  of  Captain' 
JJiioy.  He  was  in  the  service  110  days,  and 
particijiated  in  .-icveral  engagements.  When 
peace  nas  declared  lit^  rerurned  to  his  farm,  and 
has  since  devoted  his  energies  to  agrici'ltiire. 
He  is  one  of  the  few  who  still  hold  original 
claims.  His  first  house  was  made  of  hewn  logs, 
but  later  was  replaced  by  a  more  imposing 
structure.  By  purchase  he  has  increased  his 
estate  to  680  acres  which  is  well  stocked  with 
fine  graded  cattle,  Cotswold  sheep  and  Angora 
goats.  There  is  a  fine  orchard  of  iiii.\e(i  fruits, 
bearing  ah  indantlv. 

jMr.  and  Mrs.  x'eateh  are  the  parents  of  a 
family  of  seven  children:  Samuel  1'.;  Oliver; 
I{<isetta,  wife  of  (icorge  ('.  Millci';  Harriet, 
wife  of  William  Magee;  Sophina,  wife  of  Rob- 
ert Mosebv;  Kva  J.,  who  married  K.  Holder- 
man;  and  Elhaiian.  Mr.  Veatch  belongs  to  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  ami  is  a  member  of  the 
(yiinibeiliiiid  I'resbyterian  Church.  He  has  filled 
one  term  as  ('oiinty  Commissioner,  but  he  has 
never  sought  public  office  or  honor.  His  faith- 
ful wife,  the  companion  of  his  youth,  is  still 
living,  now  sharing  the  enjoyment  of  the  piesent 
with  the  same  grace  and  beauty  of  character  as 
in  the  earlier  days,  when  she  imparted  strength 
and  courage  for  the  severer  duties  of  life. 

The  father  of  our  subject  died  at  the  age  of 
ninety-three  years.  He  rearcl  a  family  of  six- 
teen children,  twelve  of  whom  are  still  liviiitr, 
the  eldest  eighty-one  years  of  age,  and  the 
youngest  forty-eight. 


Son.  IRVIN  LFCAS  SMITH, a  prominent 
business  man  of  Forest  (trove,  is  a  native 
of  Ohio,  born  .May  16,  1827.      IIi»  father, 
Thaddeus  Smith,  was   liorn    in  New    York,  and 


KIMH 


iiisTonr  OF  intKnoN 


rKii 


ler  to  S.  H 
I  if    wai^oiiri 

trip  wi^^  a 
■(f(J    in    tlif 

irifr  |)iintied 
ij,'  of  l«5-i 
tfr.  Veatch 
creti,  north 


5 


liis  anc('.-.ti>rs  softlcd  in  tliat  State  |ir('\iiiu-  in 
tlie  licvdlntiiin.  He  niarriiMl  ALi.-.s  Mai-y  iin.-.-. 
till!  dauiflitcr  of  the  l{ev.  AloxaiuK-r  li^l^s.  Of 
four  cliiliircn  horn  to  tiieni,  two  survive:  Manly 
Levi,  anil  I.  L..  the  hitter  heiiif?  the  cuhjeet  oi' 
tliis  bketeli,  who  was  l)orn  in  thi'  sanu'  State, 
and  who  was  the  ehie.-t  ehild.  Ili^  motiier  died 
wlion  he  was  six  years  old.  and  his  lather  mar- 
ried Miss  Mariraret  Sclireve.  of  Illinois.  To 
this  union  were  added  nine  eliildren,  of  whom 
seven  are  livinir.  Ilis  father  continued  to  re- 
side on  his  larm  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
and  J[r.  Smith  was  reared  anil  educateil  in  that 
State.  He  learned  tlie  tnnle  of  earjienter  and 
cahinet-maker.  and  in  Illinois  he  euffairi'd  in 
contractino-  and  huihiincr.  Later  he  was  in  the 
furniture  liusiness.  until  the  civil  war  hurst 
U[)on  the  country;  when  the  demand  for  men 
lieeanie  great;  in  18t)3,  to  fill  up  the  hrolicn 
raidis  of  the  Union  army,  he  enlisted  in  Com 
])any  H,  ^'iuety-fourtll  V\)lunteer  Infantry, 
ami  he  served  in  Mi.-souri,  and  participated  in 
the  hattle  of  S|irinnHeld.  He  was  at  the  tak- 
inir  of  Vickshuro;,  was  then  sent  to  N'ew  Orleans, 
and  fi'om  there  to  Hrownsville,  Texas,  and  as- 
sisted ill  the  ca|)ture  of  Fort  Morgan  and  Mo- 
hile.  They  then  retired  to  (Jalveston,  and  were 
there  when  news  of  the  surrender  of  Lee  ar- 
rived. 

Mr.  Smith  was  sick  in  tlus  summer  of  this 
year,  and  the  result  of  it  was  that  his  hearint; 
was  impaired,  and  he  never  fully  regained  it. 
When  he  was  niu.ster*^d  out  he  I'c.turned  home 
and  resumed  his  husiness,  and  renniii.ed  there 
until  1870.  In  that  year  he  went  to  Forest 
Grove,  and  engaged  in  contracting  and  huild- 
inju;.  lie  huilt  the  Ladies'  Hall  of  the  I'acitie 
University,  a  splendid  edifice,  and  also  huilt 
many  of  the  hest  residences  in  the  city  and  all 
<iver  that  city  nniy  he  seen  credital)le  evidciu'cs 
of  his  industry  and  skill.  In  188(1  he  engaged 
with  Mr.  Buxton  in  the  furniture  husiness.  later 
Mr.  Buxton  retired,  and  he  look  his  sont;  into 
the  I)n8ine.s8  with  him.  That  same  husiness 
has  hecomo  a  great  husiness.  He  is  also  en- 
gaged with  others  in  the  sash  and  door  factory, 
and  he  is  also  engaged  in  tarniing. 

In  18-ty  he  mniTic^d  Mi>s  Mjirgaret  Matl..rs, 
of  ()lii<i.  and  the  daughter  of  .lames  and  Kliza 
Mathers.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  had  four- 
teen children,  of  whom  four  died  in  infancy. 
Their  daughler  Mary  djed  in  her  twenty-sec- 
ond year.  Of  the  idne  still  living  there  are; 
James  L.,  in   linsiiiess  with   his  father;  Flora, 


now  .Mrs.  .\rvid  Hinnnin ;  <  iev .  <i'..  resides  at 
'I'iilamook;  LImer  K.,  in  \Viishinj;ion ;  Kslher 
.1  .  was  thewil'etd'  Mr.  Irank  Kane,  luit  Aw  i.- 
now  a  widow  and  a  teacher;  Willie  II.,  is  in 
Fore-t  (irovciu  husiness;  l.illie  i>ay  is  a  .-uc 
cessful  teacher  of  music;  I'Ved  lioss  is  a  clerk 
in  his  father's  store,  and  Carrie  is  at  her 
lunne  with  her  pa.'-euts.  .Mrs.  Smith,  who  ha^ 
he.-n  his  faithful  wife  for  forty-thiee  years,  is 
still  livinir. 

Mr.  Smith  is  a  Kepuhlican  in  politics,  and 
has  sei'ved  on  the  City  Council,  and  has  hecn 
!  twice  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  lie  is  a 
charter  meiidier  of  the  (i.  \.  K.  Post  in  l''ore.st 
Grove,  and  is  also  a  worthy  memher  of  tlu'  Ma- 
sonic order.  He  is  a  valued  memher  of  lie 
Methodist  ('hurch  of  which  he  has  heen  a  Trus- 
tee, Steward,  (Jlass-le.ailer,  and  Sutniay-school 
Superintendi'iit.  He  was  one  of  the  numher 
who  served  on  the  huilding  comniitt(M'  when 
they  erected  a  new  church.  It  cannot  hi'  said 
that  Mr.  Smith  has  lived  for  himself  alone,  as 
he  has  heen  all  his  life  dtivoted  to  the  hest  in- 
terests of  the  town  in  which  he  has  lived  for  so 
long.  He  has  made  in.'iiiy  friends  hy  his  uji- 
right,  honest,  manly  way  of  performing  the 
husiness  iiitrusted  to  him. 

fT.  SMITH  was  horn  in  Monroe  county, 
Tennessee,  in  18;-34-,  whei-e  his  gi'and- 
»  father  settled  prior  to  the  Uevoltitionary 
war,  and  after  defending  the  country  of  his 
ado|)tioii  against  Great  ISritaiii,  he  settliMl  to  an 
agricultural  life,  and  lived  to  the  n\>K  old  ago 
of  ninety-four  years.  The  father  of  our  siih- 
iect  sold  out  his  interests  in  Tennessee  in  1852, 
and  with  his  family  emigrated  to  (irand  Prai- 
rie, (ireeno  county,  Missouri,  and  there  engaged 
in  farming,  hut  was  more  extensively  interested 
ill  the  stock  husiness  until  his  death.  Nine 
cliildren  were  horn  to  this  union,  P.  T.  Smith 
heiiig  the  youngest  ehild.  He  was  rjared  upon 
the  fiirin,  and  early  inclined  toward  the  stock 
husiness,  in  which  he  was  cliiefly  engage'!  after 
reaching  Missouri. 

In  )8.");i  he  was  purchasing  agent  for  Messrs. 
Whitlock  &  Steward,  and.  in  18.")4.  with  a  hand 
of  1,(KKI  head  of  cattle,  they  set  out  to  cross  the 
plains  to  California,  our  suhject  heing  ont  of 
the  drivers,  rnd  also  detailed  i.s  hunter  for  the 
party,  thus  v  orking  his  way  across.  The  trip  was 
inaile  in  four  monthsand  twelvedays,  arriving  at 


i 


h 


I 


I'i- 


laao 


IlLSTfUlV    OF    OUEOON. 


S.-icruim'tito  valley,  where!,  iil'tcr  six  iiioiillirt  in  l';it- 
ti'tiiiii;, tiiestoc'k  wiirt  Hidi]  (ml.  Soiiii  after  liisiir- 
I'ivnl  Mr.Sniitli  wont  to  the  mines  on  nettle  Ornfk, 
Shitstii  county,  ami  in  that  hjcality  lie  followed 
jihicer  inininii  for  ahout  four  years,  witlioiit 
t-triliini;  iniv  rieh  "  leiul."  lie  then  went  to  the 
I'rasei'  river  mines  in  Uritish  C'oliimliia,  but  lie- 
eause  of  tlu!  larj^e  emir;ration,  the  rivi^  was 
ovcr.-toekiMl,  prices  of  livino;  were  very  hio;li, 
ami  sniiject  rclMrned  to  ()ri!i;on.  lie  then  pnr- 
chii.-iMi  l.")t}  acres  of  the  1).  S.  Sonthmayd  do- 
nation claim  near  the  present  town  of  St.  John's 
Town,  and  "Misraf^jed  in  the  loirainif  business, 
which  he  followed  successfully  for  thirteen 
years,  investiiio  his  savino-s  in  other  lands  until 
'he  owned  lt;,0()()  acres,  'lie  also  built  400  feet 
of  dock  upon  thii  river,  and  I'ngaj^ed  in  the  wood 
biisliit^ss,  supplying  the  river  steamers  with 
fuel. 

Aliout  1872  he  began  tradino-  in  stock,  aud 
starteil  a  dairy  of  twenty  cows,  wdiich  was  grad- 
ually increased  to  sixty  cows,  and  i.s  still  con- 
tiiHied  under  the  manaj^ement  of  his  son,  Henry 
W.  Mr.  Smith  is  also  enijaired  in  raisiuix 
horses,  and  some  very  choice  stock.  He  has  re- 
duced his  lauded  interests  to  1,000  acres  of 
farm  land  and  rnnge  for  his  horses  and  cattle. 
Beside  his  dock  he  owns  forty  rods  of  valuable 
water  front  helow  St.  ilohn's.  He  laid  (df  Smith's 
addition  to  the  town  of  St.  John's;  built  his  res- 
ideiute  there  in  about  187(j,  aud  there  he  still 
resides. 

Ho  was  married  in  Multnomah  county,  in 
isr)2,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Wiude,  a  daughter  of 
John  Wiiide,  wlio  crossed  the  plains  in  lS5;i, 
and  took  iii)  his  donation  claim  in  Multnonudi 
county,  lo  the  above  union  has  been  added 
nine  children,  seven  of  whom  survive:  Henry 
W.,  Fraidi.  Sarah  (i..  Mary  A.,  Etlie  L.,  Philip 
A.  and  hi/zie  1'.  Mr.  Smith  has  taken  no  lively 
interest  in  jiolitics.  e,\cept  to  help  maintain  hon- 
est elections,  and  as  School  Trnateoto  aid  in  ad- 
vaticiufr  ''ducntional  facilities.  His  life  has  been 
one  of  activity,  push  and  entorjii'ioe.  and  liis 
success  is  but  the  just  reward  of  intelligent,  hon- 
est labor. 

IWKN  SrMMKKS,  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
the  First  Regiment,  Oregon  National 
<!^  Guard,  is  a  a  native  of  Broekville,  Canada. 
lie  was  born  June  1;},  18.")0.  His  parents  were 
from  the  north  of   Ireland,  and   were  (jf  Scotch 


an<l  Hiiglish  descnt.  SubscMjuent  to  their  mar- 
riage thi'y  cnigruted  to  Broekville.  and  there 
Mr.  Summers  enga^e<l  in  the  inatuifacture  of 
boots  and  shoes.  Later  removing  to('liicago, 
he  engaged  as  foreman  in  the  same  occupation 
until  thegrtiat  choleraepidemic  of  1857,  wiie!i  he 
was  striken  down,  and  called  to  the  other  world, 
leaving  a  wife  anil  four  small  children.  Owen 
being  the  second  child.  .\.s  the  fauiiiy  w.is  left 
in  reduci'il  circiimstance.s,  Oa-oii,  thougii  but 
seven  years  old  began  to  try  and  help  his  mother 
in  her  struggle  to  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door. 
He  ran  all  the  errands  he  could  find  to  do  (hir- 
ing vacation  and  did  light  chores  for  his  boanl 
during  the  school  terms,  with  the  pi'ivilege  of 
iitteruling  sclio  d.  So  he  struggled  along  until 
18(50,  when  he  secured  a  pot^ition  with  a  larmer 
for  lioard  ami  clothes,  with  school  privileges 
during  the  winter.  Here  he  continued  until 
Februarv  2'2,  IStio,  when  he  enlisted  at  Dixon 
in  Oomjiany  II,  Third  Illinois  Cavalry.  Hcini; 
so  young  his  acceptance  was  only  accomplished 
through  per.-istent  effort  and  the  intervention 
of  a  rennsylvunian  Dutchman  wh'im  he  induced 
to  act  as  his  guardian,  and  so  consent  to  his 
enlistment.  The  regiment  was  veteran,  but  re- 
cruits were  iiee<led  to  1ill  the  rank.-i,  and  after 
joining  the  command  they  were  engaged  at 
C'hickasaw  Bluff,  and  through  northern  Tennes- 
see, Mississippi  and  Kentucky,  chietly  in  skir- 
mish duty.  After  the  surrender  of  the  Confed- 
eracy, this  regiment  was  ordered  to  St.  Louis, 
and  there  refitted  and  in  the  fall  of  18()."j  went 
to  Dakota  and  Devil's  Lake,  to  take  care  of  the 
Sioux  Indians  and  to  protect  the  iiortlicrti 
boundary.  Keturning  in  December,  IStiB,  they 
were  mustered  out  at  Springtield,  Illinois.  Mr. 
Summers  then  returned  farming,  which  he  fol- 
lowed until  the  spring  of  1871,  when  he  went 
to  Chicfigo,  and  with  his  own  teams  engaged  in 
C(Mitract    work    about    the  jwrks.      During  the 

LH-eat  fire  of  1871,  he  rendered  jxreat  service  in 

.  .  .  « 

preserving  property  and  in  removinjj  the  sulier- 

iiig  people.  Pie  was  ap|)oiiited  assistant  to  the 
relief  coinmittet!  in  executitig  protective  meas- 
ures. After  the  fire  was  sutxlued  he  contracted 
for  the  excavating  about  the  burned  buildings. 
In  January  lie  left  for  (Oregon,  and  b>:ing 
detained  in  San  Francisco,  hec«iise  of  the  ice  on 
the  (.'olumbia  river,heilid  not  arrive  in  I'ortland 
until  February.  Not  liking  the  city,  ho  retnrr»«Ki 
to  I'hicago,  but  again  visited  San  Francisco,  and 
ther(!  (Migaged  ii\  a  paint  and  oil  manufactory 
as  cK'rk,   and   remained    thei-e  until    February, 


MU 


/iisninr   (•!'•  (H!h:i,(>\ 


Vi:n 


)  their  luar- 
Hiiil  tliiiro 
iifiicliiro  ol' 
to  ( Miiciiifo, 
iioi"ili)iilii>ii 
57.  wiien  ho 
■thiM-  wiirld. 
ih-eii.  ( )wcii 
ily  w.i^  li/t't. 
h(iiin;h  liiit 
Ills  iiiDthor 
[i)  tlin  <l')()r. 
I  ti)  (h)  il\ii- 
)!■  his  liiiiii-d 
privilc;^!'  of 
aloiif^  until 
til  a  larintT 
I  priv'legu.s 
iniK'ci  until 
iJ  iit  Dixou 
Iry.  Bt'injr 
•coinplislu'd 
ntoi'vciiticiii 
I  he  i  ml  need 
nent  to  his 
Tan,  l>nt  re- 
■i,  and  after 
'ingiigud  at 
em  Toniies- 
etly  in  skir- 
tho  Oonf'ed- 

0  St.  Louis, 
18(55  went 

care  of  the 
3  northern 
,  1  S(i5,  they 
in(ii><.  Mr. 
licli  he  i"ol- 
len  he  went 
entrained  in 
During  the 
U  serviee  in 
r  the  siilfer- 
stant  to  tlie 
etive  ineas- 
e  eontra<^ted 

1  buildings, 
and    b';ing 

r  tlui  ice  on 
in  I'ortland 
he  rotnnnxl 
ancifco.  mid 
II  iinu  factory 
Feliriiary, 


187'.>,  wlien  lie  reliinuMi  to  I'nrthiiid,  Ore- 
gon.and  foniicd  a  jiarlner!-iiiii  witii  iiis  iirntlu'i- 
in-liiw,  J.C.  ( ''ds,  under  llie  tirni  name  of  (  Hds 
A:  Siiniinei'K.  I'iiey  rented  ii  sniall  iiilev,  5x:i(l 
f<'t't,  whioii  tiiey  fitted  ii|)  with  liricl^  front  ami 
tin  roof  to  coiii|ily  witii  tire  ordinance,  and  llicii 
e!*tal)li»licd  tlie  nucleus  of  their  ]iresent  lar^e 
and  .successful  liiisineHs.  Starting  witii  a  stock 
of  common  crock(M'y  ware,  t;lass  and  laiii|is,  lliey 
kejit  abreast  of  tlie  rapidly  increasing  business, 
and,  in  1882,  tliev  renteil  a  store  adjoining, 
2").\7(l  feet,  where  thev  reinaiiie<l  until  tiie  fire 
of  188(1,  whicli  swept  upon  them  from  adjoining 
buildings.  Immediati^ly  rco|ieiiing  in  rooms 
near  by,  tliey  continiieil  until  .lanuary,  1887, 
when  tluv  retnrneil  to  the  original  location, 
corner  of  First  and  Yarn  Hill  streets,  and  in 
April,  1890,  they  removed  to  their  present  tine 
store  at  18!(  mid  I'.ll  First  street,  occupying  four 
tUxu's,  oO  X  KM)  feet  each.  Tiicy  liave  a  work- 
ing surface  area  ei|iuil  to  any  similar  store  on  tlie 
coast.  Tliey  carry  an  extensive  stock  of  im- 
ported cliina,  cut  and  domestic  glass,  tine  silver- 
iilated  ware,  lamps,  tixtnres  and  the  leading 
faience.  The  wares  are  chiefly  imported  from 
France,  P^iigland  and  (iermany,  direct  from  the 
inaniifaeturers. 

Mr.  Summers  was  married  in  Portland  . I ul\ 
21),  1880,  to  Clara  Tcin|)erancc  Olds,  a  native 
of  Oregon,  and  daughter  of  (ieorge  Olds,  a  pio- 
neer of  1830.  To  the  union  has  lieen  ijiven  one 
child, .Owen  (rieorge. 

Mr.  Summers'  first  connection  with  tlie  Ore- 
gon Militia  was  .May  2ii,  1883,  wiien  he  organ- 
ized a  company  of  war  veterans,  called  the 
Veteran  (TUarcl,  and  he  was  commissioned  I''ir>t 
Lieutenant,  .\  Iter  the  orgauiziition  of  the  com- 
pany known  as  tlw;  First  Regiment,  ( ).  N'.  G., 
tile  Veteran  (4iiBrd  was  enlisted  as  Company  K, 
of  that  regiment.  In  188.5  Lieutenant  Siini- 
iners  was  appoiiited  lieginiental  .Vdjntant  of 
the  First  Battalion,  O.  S.  M.,  ami  upon  the 
organization  of  the  First  Uegiment  O.  N.(t.,  in 
.Inly.  18^7,  under  the  new  law.  Adjutant  Sum- 
mers was  elected  Lieutenant-Ojlonel  of  the  First 
Regiment. ami  was  una.iiniously  reelected  . I  iilv 
9,  1801.  In  188t)  (%)lonel  Sum'mers  was  elected 
by  the  Republican  party  to  the  14fh  session 
of  the  Oregon  iA'gislatiire,  and  it  was  through 
his  personal  efforts  that  the  bill  for  the  Oregon 
National  (iiiard  became  a  law.  He  was  also 
instrumental  in  the  passage  of  the  badge  bill, 
wiiich  makes  it  a  misdemeanor  for  an  impostor 
to  wear  the  Imdge  or  lutton  of  the  (t.  A.  R. 


(_!iiloiiel  ."^iiiiimers  was  a  nii'iiil' 'r  of  llie  Ti^er 

Kngiiic  Cnnipanv.  .No.  o,  ol  the  old  vidiinteer  lire 

:   department    and    I'or    three   and   one  half  years 

I    served  as  tr<'asurer.      lie  is  an  active  member  of 

I    thelieerge  Wright  i'ost,  (i.  A    R.,  ami  as  I'ost 

Coininander  and    Di'partineiit   Comimnider   Las 

rendered  ellicieiit  scrvi"e. 

Thus  briefly  is  summonc(l  up  the  liir,lorv  of 
OIK'  of  I'ortland's  active  and  enterprising  citi- 
zens, wliiidi  should  servi;  as  an  exaiiiiile  to 
every  strilgi;ling  young  man,  as  herein  is  shown 
the  success  which  attends  faithlul,  ciin>eieiit  ioils 
labiir  when  in'rformed  with  jieisislent  cleler- 
miiiatioii. 

iSIU'RV  Slim/rZ,  -me  of    the  most  relia- 
//KiK    ''le  and  enterprising  business  men  of  Dal- 


las. ()reg<Mi,  lias  for  years  been  ideiitilied 
with  the  orowlli  and  development  cd'  this  city, 
it  is  therefiire  with  pleasure  thai  we  present  a 
sketch  of  his  life  in  connection  with  bingraphies 
of  other  proiniiieiit  ai.d  successful  men  of  I'olk 
county. 

Asbury  Shultz  was  born  in  Ohio,  April  "i.'J, 
1824,  a  descendant  of  (ieriiian  ancestors,  who 
were  early  settlers  of  I'eniisylvania.  I'eter 
Shultz,  his  father,  was  biirn  in  N'ew  Jersey; 
was  a  larmer  and  tanner  by  occupation;  in  re- 
ligion was  a  Metlioilist.  He  ihovimI  to  Indiana 
in  1827,  where,  after  an  active  and  useful  life, 
he  died  at  the  age  of  seventy-six  years.  His 
wife  survived  him  some  time,  pai^sing  away  at 
the  age  of  eighty-two.  They  were  the  jiaroiits 
of  eleven  (diildren. 

December  27,  1846,  Asbury  SInilt.r  was 
tinitcd  ill  marriage  to  Fliza  Oedar: ,  ;i  native  of 
Ohio,  and  a  daughter  of  Charier  (  ("':iis,  a  well- 
to-do  fnriner  of  that  State.  TIkv  had  five  chil- 
dren born  in  thi^  I'iast,  namely  (iertrmle, 
(reorgiana,  John  C,  Sanford,  and  Ollie.  In 
1861.  with  his  wife  ami  these  ciiildren,  he  made 
a  safe  Journey  across  the  plains  to  Oregon,  leav- 
ing home  ,\pril  :i(i,  and  arriving  at  Dallas, 
September  17.  Three  of  their  horses  died  on 
the  way.  Dallas  at  that  time  eontaincil  only 
about  fifty  inhabitants. 

After  his  arrival  here  Mr.  Shultz  worked  at 
wagon- making,  and  also  bought  and  solil  stock. 
For  a  time  he  owned  a  wagon  shop  of  his  own. 
In  18()r)  he  purchased  forty  acres  of  land,  pay- 
ing for  it  SIO  per  acre.  With  the  growth  cif 
Dallas  this  land   has   been    included  in  the   city 


I 

1^, 


V-l-A'i 


UlsrOUY    OF    UliliUON. 


\'-\ 


1  i  ('1 


liriiit>.  .111(1  wim'il  now  In-  clicap  lit  >c20()  |M!I' 
Hci't!.  Ill  his  yoiiHi  Mr.  Sluiltz  Ifuriu'il  tlic  triir- 
pciitfrK'  tnulc,  iinil  iliiriiig  tlii'  yi"ii's  (.)!'  liis  rt'si- 
(li'iicc  ill  Diillii-i  liiif.  ii!^  II  ciJiitnictoi-  mill  liuildi'r, 
lirc'i  11  |iriiiiiiiit'iit  tiicliir  ill  iiilvunciiii;  the  i)08t 
iritt'i'i!.-ts  of  i\w  town.  Wt.'  1ms  Imilt  sevural 
nice  rcsiilcMci'n  for  himself,  unci  at  this  writiiiff 
(!S'.l:i)is  liiiililiiii^  iiiiotlu'i-  tine  one.  IIo  Iwis 
iiImi  liiiilt  mill  sold  niiiiierons  residences.  He 
is  ii  stockholder  in,  mid  one  of  the  Uiiilders  of 
the  imye  woiilen  factory  now  beiiii;  completed 
ill  Dallas,  he  having  superintended  il8  erection. 

Another  child,  lOva,  was  Imrn  to  Mr.  and 
^^r8.  8hnltz  after  their  arrival  in  Dallas.  Their 
uldet-t  child,  (iertrlide.  is  now  thi^  wife  of  Frank 
Seahriiii;,  and  reside^  in  Doiii^ias  county,  <  >re- 
i^'Mi,  (icor^iaiia  died  in  her  eighteenth  year, 
njlii  i.N  the  wife  of  R.  11.  Me,('nrf:er,  and  Kva, 
of  Enjii'iie  llavter,  tiotli  livinji;  in  Dallas,  .lolm 
('.  is  niarrieii  and  is  also  settled  in  Dallas. 
Sani'ord  is  married  and  resides  in  the  eastern 
[.'ii't  of    (  M'egon. 

Mr.  Shiiltz  is  a  ineinher  of  the  I.  O.  O.  V. 
in  liotli  its  hnuiclii's,  and  in  [lolitics  lie  is  a  l!e- 
pulilicaii. 


.gaATlLVN  KOONTS  SITTON,  who  came 
Wl  to  Oregon  as  early  as  l.s4i{,  was  horn  in 
Fnltoii,  Callaway  county.  Missouri,  Sep- 
teiiilier  2,  l^-J.").  His  father,  Fn.nklin  Sitton, 
was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  of  Seottisli  ancestry, 
who  eaine  to  America  early  in  the  history  of 
the  colonies.  II  is  j/raiidfatlier.  dell'ery  Sitt.m, 
was  horn  near  Nashvillf,  Tennessee,  and  during 
the  Ilevolutiouiiry  struggle  aided  the  colonies 
by  forwarding  horses  to  the  American  forces  as 
iieeiled.  AEr.  Sit'on's  father  married  ^liss  Re- 
heeca  .\iistiii.  who  was  born  in  N'irginia,  and 
brought  up  in  ivenlncky,  the  daughter  of  .John 
Austin,  and  believed  to  be  of  (ierinan  descent, 
or,  at  leiust,  partly  so.  liy  that  marriage  there 
were  tive  children,  only  two  of  whom,  however, 
are  now  living 

Mr.  Sitton,  whose  name  introduces  this 
sketch,  was  the  eldtfit  sou  of  his  father's  family. 
He  was  brought  up  in  his  native  State  until  bis 
seventeenth  vear,  when,  with  two  other  young 
men,  he  started  on  a  tri[i  to  Oregon,  and  while 
on  the  journey,  he.  in  some  unexplained  man- 
ner, attained  the  .sobri<piet  of  ••  |)oc,"  by  which 
title  he  has  ever  since  been  known.  His  com 
rades  were  Tom  thrown  and   Jolin    Cox.     They 


came  with  a  wagon  to  Fort  Laramie,  ^[r.  Sit- 
ton drove  a  team  to  |'"ort  Hall  for  a  Mr.  Nance. 
Hit(di  of  the  young  men  had  one  horse  iijiiece; 
they  obtained  pack  iiiiiles,  and  coiiipleted  their 
journey  with  them.  After  leaving  Fort  Hall 
ilr.  Brown  was  taken  si(d<,  and  the  others  eared 
for  him  as  well  as  they  could,  and  got  him 
safely  through  to  the  Dalles.  Here  they  wen 
joined  by  two  young  men  iiaine  1  Hiitoii.  A 
horse  was  ex(diauged  for  a  canoe,  and  the 
Katons  and  t'ox  brought  llrowii  in  it  dow.i  the 
Columbia  and  up  the  Wiliauiette  to  Oregon 
City,  while  Sitlon  came  across  the  country  with 
the  animals,  arriving  after' the  others  did.  .  The 
good  Dr.  .Mcl.ouglilin  called  to  see  the  sick  mini, 
and  exclaimed,  >'Tiit,  tut!  Will  yon  let  a  inaii 
ilieT'  He  then  sent  for  a  boat  and  Indians, 
and  sent  I'rown  and  Cox  to  Vancouver,  to  the 
care  of  Dr.  Uurkley,  where  he  was  taken  care 
of  for  four  weeks,  when  he  had  siitiicieiitly  re- 
covered to  take  care  of  hiimielf.  Cox  stayed 
with  him  two  weeks.  The  Doctor's  charges 
were  o'lv  $~0.  which  he  said  the  recovered  man 
could  jii'.v  when  he  was  al)le.  Mr.  Sitton  says 
that  too  much  jiraise  cannot  be  given  Drs.  ^[c- 
Loiighlin  and  Rarkley  for  their  kindness  to  the 
iininigraiits. 

The  young  pioneers  had  left  their  home  in 
Missouri  May  2,  l84!i,  and  Mr.  Sitton  arrived 
at  (;)regon  (!ity  October  15  following.  IHs 
comrades  had  been  sent,  as  stated,  to  Vancouver, 
and  there  he  ..tood,  a  big,  rjigged  boy,  bare  to 
his  kuees,  the  legs  of  his  trousers  having  been 
worn  otf  acainst  the  low  brush  as  he  came  over 
the  mountains;  his  animals  were  lean  and  worn 
out  by  the  privati(uis  of  a  long  journey;  and 
there  he  stood  leaning  against  a  log,  in  this 
great  and  comparatively  uninhabited  country, 
when  old  Mr.  (Jertimin  walked  up  to  him  and 
asked,  "  Do  you  know  Doc.  Sitton?"  Jle  re- 
plied, "I  am  Sitton.'"  -'Well,  then,  C(Mne  to 
my  house  and  stay  with  me."  Mr.  Sitton 
thought  it  would  not  he  right  to  go  without, 
telling  hint  that  he  had  no  money.  The  reply 
to  that  was;  "Never  mind;  none  of  us  have  any 
money  here.  Your  comrades  have  beeti  here 
and  have  been  sent  back  to  Vancouver,  to  the 
doctor,  and  they  told  us  you  were  coming,  and 
to  look  after  you."  So  they  went  to  the  house 
together;  and  as  young  Sitton  sat  by  the  lire, 
n'ith  his  legs  bare  to  his  kuees,  a  stranger  asked  : 
'■  Is  that  all  the  pants  you  have?"  Sitton  re- 
plied: ".My  other  (dothes  are  at  Vancouver.'' 
The  man  replied:  "  I  will  give  you  the  cloth  for 


tllsTOIiV     OF    iiliKiluy. 


lj:i:i 


u  jiiiir  if  yiin  ciiii  t;et  tlit'iii  iimdc;'"  iiiiil  tlio 
lady  ot  tliL'  house  siiid:  "I  will  make  tlicm  fur 
}'oii;"  aiul  \i\  iiiglit  tlie  next  day  lie  had  his 
new  ti'uuser.-:  on;  and  there  was  no  ehai'ge  lor 
any  ol'  it!  Thin  kind-hearted  hidy  Miiil  tohiui: 
•'My  son,  you  eim  go  into  the  jiantry  whenever 
yuil  like,  and  eat  all  the  l>read  itrid  meat  you 
want.  I  crossed  the  plains  last  y(!»r,  and  I 
know  how  hungry  you  are."  This  was  in  aii- 
dition  to  his  regular  meals,  and  is  told  to  ^h()W 
tlu^  kind  ot  j)eo[)le  the  early  pioneers  of  Orey-ou 
wore.  Doc.  8ittun  could  never  forget  these 
kindnesses,  and  they  lielped  to  nuike  hiiu  tlu> 
great  generousliearteil  man  he  is;  and  h<(  hiis 
aeciuiiid  the  reputation  of  heingom:  of  the  must 
hospitable.  Ills  house  is  open  as  a  hearty  wel- 
c<uiie  to  any  one.  If  one  sliouM  appi'oacli  his 
dwelling  near  meal  time,  as  the  writer  of  this 
sketch  (lid.  Doc  would  greet  him  in  a  loud, 
clear  toiui:  "('ome  in  and  eat  dijmer  witli  ns." 
And  the  man  is  so  cordial,  and  the  welcome  so 
liearty,  tliar  one  soon  Hnds  himself  in  the  liouse, 
and  ill  the  presence  of  one  of  ( )regoii'8  ino.st  roj  al 
pioneers,  lie  says  that  when  lie  lirst  arrivec] 
in  this  State  he  actually  ate  five  or  .six  times  a 
day  until  he  was  satisfied  I 

lie  iK'gan  work  here  at  little  jol)s;  nia<le 
shingles  at  the  month  of  the  Clackamas;  De- 
cember 1  he  came  to  tlie  mouth  of  the  Vain 
Hill,  stopping  at  Mr.  liabontee's;  went  six 
miles  and  helped  put  up  a  cabin  for  a  young 
man  and  his  wife,  who  were  siartinj;  out  on  a 
donation  claim.  Then  he  was  employed  by  a 
Mr.  Gray  at  Salem  as  a  mason  tender,  in  build- 
ing tho  institute;  next  he  woi-ked  in  the  saw- 
mill at  Salem  until  March,  IS-l-t;  then  went  to 
Astoria,  and  worked  six  wet^ks;  came  Itack  uj) 
the  river  and  heljHMl  build  a  sawmill;  went  to 
Oregon  City  and  (engaged  in  a  sawmill  for  the 
mission  there.  Later  he  proceeded  to  tho  Dalles 
after  a  number  of  wagons,  going  up  the  river 
in  a  canoe  and  bringing  down  the  wagons 
in  a  bateau  l.i  longing  to  Dr.  Mcf-oughlin;  and 
in  the  autumn  of  184-i  he  came  to  his  donation 
claim  in  Yam  Hill  county.  Charles  Kendle 
bad  taken  theclaim,  and  they  "  bached  "'  together 
for  a  time.  Kendle  desiring  to  return  to  the 
States,  Mr.  Sitton  bought  him  out,  and  at 
length  excliaiigcd  it  for  tlie  ])resent  beautiful 
farm  of  ti40  acres,  where  lie  has  since  lived. 

April  22,  1S47,  lie  married  >ri8s  i'riscilla 
Rogers,  a  native  of  Indiana,  auddan;;literof  Lewis 
Rogers,  an  hotiored  Oregon  pioneer  of  lS4<i. 
The  bride  and  groom  came  to  their  home  on 


horseiiack.  Doc's  luittit  consisted  of  a  bull'alo 
robe  and  lihinket.  aiul  his  wife  hail  a  feather- 
betl  anil  u  srt  of  cups  and  saucer>.  They  had 
a  teakettle  without  a  cover,  a  Hudson's  I'.ay 
frying-pan  with  a  long  handle;  and  her  parents 
gave  lici'  UHHiey  with  which  to  buy  a  coH'ee  pot; 
and  with  this  stinted  supply  of  hoiiseholil  goods 
this  worthy  yiniii^  couple  .-tiu'leil  out  in  life, 
ha]ipy  iti  each  otlier'.^  love. 

In  the  autnnni  of  iSlK,  lured  by  the  discov- 
ery of  gold  in  ('alifornia,  Mr.  Sitton  went  to 
the  niiiics,  and  remained  there  from  September 
UTitil  i 'hristnias,  on  the  north  fork  of  the  .\mer- 
icaii  /iver,  iKMUg  (piite  Blie.c(^ssful;  he  and  two 
others  tcirether  took  out  six  ounces  id'  ifold  one 
day,  and  in  thi^  course  of  live  months  Doc  had  ac- 
cumulated .<(1, 20(1,  with  vvbieii  he  ret  urned  home, 
by  the  way  of  San  Francisco,  being  fourteen 
days  on  the  .seta;  and  ever  since  then  he  has  re- 
mained on  his  farm,  raising  principally  grain, 
and  some  cattle  and  horses.  His  present  home 
is  oil  the  lands  of  bis  lirst  wife,  which  now  is 
the  property  of  her  children.  They  are  about 
to  Imild  an  excellent  residence  hiu'e.  The  .situ- 
ation is  a  pleasant  one,  in  which  the  worthy 
jiioneers  can  spend  the  evening  of  life  — a  well- 
siieiit  one. 

Doc  Sitton  is  not  a  member  of  any  church, 
but  is  a  believer  in  the  I'-ible  and  Christianity, 
and  seconds  his  wife  and  the  neighbors  in  their 
efforts  to  teach  the  children  of  the  community 
the  truths  of  the  Bible,  believing  that  tliey  will 
make  them  nobler  and  iiotter  men  and  women. 
He  is  a  Master  Mason  of  long  standing,  and  in 
politics  is  a  Democrat,  but  never  a  narrow  oni>. 
lie  has  never  sought  or  held  oflice,  but  has  de- 
voted his  energies  to  his  tine  farm,  which  has 
grown  to  be  very  valuable.  During  his  forty- 
nine  years'  residence  in  Oregon,  his  honest  and 
industrloii-  life  and  noiihi  generosity  have  won 
for  him  hosts  of  friends,  and  every  one  who 
knows  him  speaks  well  of  Doc  Sitton,  tlie  [lio- 
necr  of  1843. 

The  children  by  his  first  wife  were:  Charles 
E.,  I)i>rn  July  0,  1848,  iliod  April  111,  1890; 
Amanda  Klle'n,  born  January  23,  1800,  died  in 
infancy;  (Caroline  E.,  born  October  21,  ISol, 
and  married  L.  C.  Rogers;  Ora  Ann,  born  Oc- 
tober 23,  1854,  married  John  McCiillah,  and 
dill  April  4,1881;  Ella  \V.,  liorn  February 
Ifl,  i.85S,  died  March  9  followini;;  Harry  W., 
born  August  11,  1859;  Noah  H.,  April  29, 
18(53;  Fred  D„  Fehriiay  2;i.  lS(i5;  Eldridge 
D.,  September  23,  IHCu. 


11  : 


f 


ViHi 


iiiyruuY  OH'  (i/ih'uoy. 


.Iiitic  ;J2,  IHO'.I.  tin-  I'liitlil'iil  and  lnvili^  iinil 
iiiihil^fi'Ml  iiiotlicr  (lictl,  ami  Mr  iSittcm  was  Ik; 
rt'l'l  of  the  wife  til'  lii>  vmitli,  .mmI  Icl't  with  ii 
lar^t,'  yoiiMf^  laiiiily  to  imic  fur.  On  tlic  last 
(lay  of  .lamiary,  ISTl.lu  iiiai'iicii  Mih.  Maiy 
1-aiii.tiiliii.  llic  daiij^fhtiT  of  Micliacl  ami  Suna 
Slifllcy,  iionoriMl  ( )rfj;oii  iiioiieerti  of  1848. 
iMi'h.  Siltuii  had  two  I'liildrcii  \<y  her  tirst  lius- 
hund:  l.cslii;  (i..  and  Htlie  U.,  now  Mrs.  l!raw- 
hiy.  imd  liythis  latt(;r  union  tlicrc  iiavc  hecn  Hvo 
cliildrcii,  viz.:  F.  Ward.  Iiorii  Fcliriiary  ~f, 
1^7:i;  I'ratt  Iv..  Fctirnary  1.  1875;  Minnie  (!., 
.hinc  ^C).  1S77;  .ifnnii'  (';.,  Ftdirnary  20,  1882; 
and  S<iia  S.,  Ajiril  7,1884.  Mrs.  Sitton  is  n 
wnrlhy  Mil  inher  of  the  Christian  Chnridi,  is  an 
ranit'.-t  Sunday  s(diool  worki-r,  and  a  most  es- 
linialilc  liidy. 


-^<mm^i<i^'>mm 


ll.Ll.WI  WAU-.VCF  T1IA^  FK,  ix- 
(iovi-rnor  of  the  Stiite  of  Orcffon,  is  a 
native  of  New  York  Stiite,  and  was  liorn 
m  i.nii!i,  l.iviiiirtiton  cotinty,  of  that  State,  on 
Jnly  15.  1827.  His  father  (iidcouThayur.  was 
a  nativt:  of  Uliode  Ishind.  His  [ifiternal  ^'ran<l- 
f'lther,  (iideon  Thayer,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Rev- 
olution, and  the  ancestor  of  the  family  eaine  to 
Aitieriea  from  Kiii^iand  in  the  early  eolonial 
times,  (tovernor  Thayer's  fatlier  married  Miss 
Annie  Dodge,  a  native  of  New  York,  and  a 
dan<fhter  of  Daniel  Dodire.  They  had  .seven 
childicn,  five  sons  anil  two  daiifjjhters,  of  whom 
our  sidijeet  is  the  only  surviving  son.  He  was 
raised  in  western  New  Y<uk  on  his  father's 
farm,  was  educated  in  the  eomnion  sehools  and 
reail  law  under  the  instrnetion  of  Truman  Hast- 
ings, a  leading  lawyer  of  Roehester,  New  Y'ork. 
hi  JIareli,  1851,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
in  the  city  of  Roehester.  He  praetieed  law  in 
Tonawanda  and  ]5uf}'alo,  \ew  York,  until  the 
Spring  of  1M)~,  when  he  eiiLiirrated  to  <  )r^^on, 
wher(i  he  practiced  for  a  year  in  Corvallis,  15en- 
ton  county.  In  the  summer  of  l8(),-{  he  re- 
moved to  Lewiston,  Idaho  1'erritory,  where  he 
)raeticed  four  years.  During  his  slay  in  Idaho 
10  was  elected  District  Attorney,  and  was  also 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  lAOti-'tH.  From 
Maho,  he  came  to  Portlinni,  Oregon,  where  he 
has  since  resided  and  practiced  law.  In  1878 
he  wa-<  nominated  by  tlie  Democratic  party,  at 
the  head  of  their  ticket,  for  Governor.      He  ad- 


dressed the  people  n|iiin  the  issue  of  un  eco- 
nomical adminisiratiiiii  of  the  State  (ioveriiiiient, 
and  notwith^tandillg  the  Slate  was  Repulilican, 
he  was  t'lected  by  foriy  majority,  and  during  his 
term  of  office,  lie  fultilled  to'  the  letter  the 
pledges  he  had  tnade  to  the  citizens  of  the  State. 
in  18S4  he  was  elected  ,ludge  of  llie  Supreme 
Court,  and  served  his  term  of  si.\  yt»ars  in  a 
manner  whi(di  was  highly  gratifying  to  himself 
and  friends,  rendering  his  decisions  in  a  calm, 
(]ui(^t  way,  ami  strictly  in  acconlance  with  the 
law  and  the  evidi^nce,  aetiuited  by  tin-  hijjhest 
honor  and  iitmijst  imp'irtiality. 

He  was  married  on  the  11th  of  November, 
1852,  to  iMibs  Samuntha  C.  Vincent,  ot  Tona- 
wanda, New  Yolk,  a  (langhter  of  Rev.,).  Vin- 
cent, a  liaptist  clergy n  an.  They  hav(;  an  i^iily 
son,  (IlaiuJe.  who  is  r.  hiwyiM-,  residing  in  Tilla- 
mook. Oregon,  wiiert;  iie  is  engaged  in  bank  in;,', 
(iovernor  Thayer  owns  fourteen  acres  of  land 
at  Woodstock,  where,  on  a  beautiful  site,  over- 
looking the  city  of  Portland,  he  built,  in  1889, 
a  b(;autitul  home,  planting  the  grounds  to  avar- 
iety  of  fruit  and  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs. 
In  this  attractive  abode,  he  resides  with  Ikm- 
who  has  Si.ared  his  joys  and  sorrows  for  'orty 
years. 

He  has  been  a  Mason  for  more  than  forty 
years,  (d'  wdiicli  fraternity  he  is  a  proinineiit  ami 
honored  member.  He  is  a  Democrat,  politically, 
to  which  cause  he  has  been  a  life-long  adherent, 
though  not  a  partisan,  nor  engaging  actively  in 
political  affairs.  Kind-hearted,  generous,  pub- 
lic-spirited, liberal,  unassuming,  the  I'lnbodi- 
nient  of  honor  and  fidelity,  he  is  universally 
beloved  and  respected. 


>**=- 


mm'-'^M^4 


'IIOMAS  THOMPSON,  one  of  Umatilla 
county's  most  successful  young  farmers, 
fp.v  was  born  in  Dundas  eonnty,  Ontario, 
December  ~il,  18()0.  He  was  reared  to  farm 
life  and  received  his  educal  ion  in  tlie  common 
.schools  of  his  county.  Of  the  nine  children 
born  to  James  and  Sarah  Thompson,  our  sub- 
ject is  the  eldest.  The  father  died  in  .878,  but 
his  wife  still  survives  and  resides  with  her  son 
in   Oregon. 

Our  subject  came  to  the  ITiiited  States,  set- 
tled ill  Fmatilla  county,  and  as  he  was  a  poor 
boy,  hired  out  for  wages,  doing  whatever  came 
in    his  way.      Finally    he  secured   a  position  as 


■Hi 


iBiTTiTriiMiiiiiiriniiiiM 


iiisrour  or  n/.'/tv/o.v. 


i-.';i5 


forcinaii  «if  tlio  (^niififriictiuM  tniiiis.  while  tlic 
Ort'f^oii  liivnr  iV  Niivijratioii  niilniHii  \vii>  liciiifi 
Imilt,  coiitiiHiinij;  witli  tlic  cciiiiiiiiiiy  Im'  two 
yeiu's,  (liiriiiii;  wliicli  tiiiitt  lii^  liml  siivcd  (mkhi^Ii 
to  purclmt-c  ItlO  ivcrt'K  of  Imid,  on  wliieh  lio  iiii- 
iiiLMiiiitely  iriovod.  In  adiJitioii,  li(!  iTiited  oiie- 
iiall'  K(n;tinii  of  laiiil,  adjoiiiiiif;  liis  rariii,  on 
whicli  111"  I'iiist'd  wlioat  So  .-iico.cnsfii!  was  ho 
at  tliis  tliat  lu'  Wiis  soon  aldu  lo  add  to  his 
possessions,  and  now  owns  'd'M  acres  of  j^ood 
t'armintt  hind,  on  whicii  heaveniires  aliont  0,000 
liubhols  of  wlieat  per  year.  After  u  ftnv  years 
Mr.  Thompson  einharkedon  u  new  ventnre,  that 
of  horse  i)roedin}r  and  lias  become  an  iinporltM' 
of  (;iv<lesdale  and  Kiifilish  oliii'cs,  which  havi' 
proven  of  profit  to  iiimseif  and  an  ai'coniuiod.ition 
to  his  nei^hiiors.  In  ids  staliles  lie  1ms  an  aver- 
age of  twelve  mares,  imported,  for  lireedinj^  and 
saht,  and  a  herd  of  si.vty  Isead  of  (rraiUMJ  mares. 
Tliese  lie  keeps  improvinjj;  and  lie  is  now  recofr- 
nized  as  one  of  tho  leadini;  iireedera  of  tine 
stock  in  the  comity.  It  is  certainly  wonderful 
how  Mr.  Thompson  has  liuiit  np  his  fortnnes, 
beginning,  as  he  diil  eleven  yeais  ajfo,  without 
a  dollar,  as  a  common  laboi'cr  on  the  railroad, 
but  the  secret  of  his  snccess  lies  in  his  strict 
attention  to  busiiu^ss  and  frugality.  At  tl  it 
time  lie  is  worth  about  !j(20,000,  a  good  showing 
for  elevoii  years  of  lalxir. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  married  Decemlmr  25, 
1885,  to  Miss  ('aroline  Grim,  a  native  of  Min- 
neapolis, who  came  to  Oregon  when  for.r  years 
of  age,  with  her  parents,  Richard  and  (Catherine 
Grim,  natives  of  Ohio,  who  are  now  residing 
near  Milton,  Oregon.  Mi.  nnd  Mrs.  Thompson 
have  had  four  children,  namely:  daines,  Iler- 
bert,  Edna  and  Richard,  all  of  whom  add  sun- 
shine to  the  hapj)y  little  home  on  tho  farm. 
Mr.  rhom])son  is  a  member  of  Pendleton 
Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  has  served  as  Treasurer 
or  (Jlork  of  his  school  district  ever  since  he  has 
been  in  the  county.  Politically,  he  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  upholds  the  principles  of  the 
party. 

^■^>-^>- - 

^MEDEP]  M.  SMITH,  the  president  and 
manager  (jf  the  Oregon  Pottery  Company 
of  Portland,  one  of  the  largest  manufact- 
uring |)lants  of  the  Northwost,  was  born  in 
Geneva,  Fayette  county,  Pennsylvania,  August 
8.  1H30.  His  father.  Freeunm  Sitiith,  was  a  na- 
tive   of   New   Jersey,    a   inechanic    and    ship- 


builder, who,  after  settling  in  Penur-vlvania, 
built  the  lirst  sleimlioal  whi(di  ran  niion  the 
.Monongahida  river.  His  wife  was  Mai-j^aret 
llillerbrand,  who  wa^  a  luitive  of  Marjlaml.  In 
1842  tlui  large  family,  coiif-isting  of  laiher, 
mother  and  iiiiu^  children,  of  whom  .\ni('(li'(^ 
was  the  yonngesl,  emigrated  to  Ceclar  Raiiids, 
Iowa,  where  .Mr.  Smilhengaged  in  farming  and 
buililing  boats  suitable  for  na\igating  on  tho 
Cedar  river.  The  last  one  of  these,  the  lllack 
j  Hawk,  was  used  as  a  transportation  boat  on  the 
U])per  Mississipjii  during  th<'  war  of  the  Ri'lnd- 
i  lion.  Young  Smith  procured  an  education 
'  chicllv  by  peixMud  effort,  as  schoid  privileges 
j  wei'c  lindted  t<i  abiuit  three  months  per  year 
i  ancl  his  services  were  needed  constantly  on  the 
farm;  but  still  he  progressed  in  his  studies, 
I  taking  a  full  cour.s<-  in  the  jinblic  schools 
and  a  snbse(|nent  course  at  a  normal  school. 
After  ho  had  attained  his  twentieth  year  Mr. 
Smith  was  engageil  as  a  teacher  in  several 
schools  of  Iowa.  Shortly  aft<'i-  the  war  had 
opened  between  tin*  North  and  the  South,  ho 
enlisted  in  Company  F,  TweTity-l'onrth  Regi- 
ment, Iowa  V(/lnnt('er  Infantry,  an<l,  after  serv- 
ing sonu<  six  months  with  his  r(>giment,  lu^  was 
mustere<l  out,  owing  to  his  failing  health.  After 
recupiM'ating,  he  engaged  as  foi'eman  in  the 
pottery  b\isincss  conducted  by  his  brother  until 
1865,  when  \h\  with  his  little  family,  accom- 
])anied  liy  his  father,  motiier  and  brother,  emi- 
grated to  Oregon,  by  the  way  of  .New  York  ami 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  settled  at  Albany. 
Soon  afterward  tire  clay  was  discovered  at 
HuiMia  Vista,  in  I'olk  county,  when  Mr.  Smith, 
in  association  with  his  fatlier  and  brothers,  es- 
tablished on  a  small  scale,  the  first  pottery 
works  in  the  Northwest.  For  sevi-ral  years  the 
product  of  the  works  was  confined  to  stoneware 
alone.  The  pojudation  of  the  Northwest  was  so 
small  and  scattering  that  there  was  little  de- 
mand for  stoneware,  and  it  was  by  persistent 
effort  that  sales  could  be  made.  The  first 
wagon- load  of  ware  made  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Smith  in  person  to  Albany.  The  merchants 
looked  at  it  and  shook  their  heads, and  walked  off, 
not  knowing  what  use  to  make  of  such  goods. 
After  all  others  had  abaiiilnned  the  idea  of 
handling  the  wai'e,  an  enterprising  hanlware 
dealer,  Mr.  John  (Jonner,  ordered  the  load 
driven  around  to  his  back  door,  taking  tho  en- 
tire load,  some  300  gallons  in  all.  for  which  he 
paid  50  cents  jjcr  gallon  in  gold.  Mr.  Conner 
afterward  became  a  banker  and  is  now  a  retired 


(•j;i(i 


II  IS  tour   oh'  oiiKGos. 


-\.      Ill  1^71    Mr.  Siiiilli    i^^iiiiicil  CDiitrul 

(■Ml  ire   liliilit,  iinil  ill  (iiit'i'  {•(iiiiiiicricccl  to 

ilHTt'llst'  tliu  |irciiliic(,  ;uii| 


c'a|ill:i 
i,\  Ihi' 
ciiliilj^c  llic  Jiliilit  all 

ill      lS7!i       III!    Cnlllllll'MCCll      tllL'    llllllllll'urturi'     111' 

KiiwiM'  iiiiic;  liiii  111-  till'  iiiiiiiiiliii-tiiru  of  tliitt  arti 
cie  I'luiii  liifcla)'  wan  lull  in  its  iiici])i(iiic,y  lit  the 
Eiibt,  uiiil  III  iililidii  Hiiitiililu  irim'liiiK'r\  IVoiii  tlir 
Kanli'i'ii  Stalls  WHS  ImiIIi  ti'dioiis  ami  i'.\|)i'U.'^ive, 
hi'  iiui'iiti'il  iiiul  liiul  liiiilt  ill  I'orllaiKl  tlii^  lirst 
rs  >lfiiuil' iiiiu'liiiu'ry  ii'^i'il  till'  that  |iiii'|his('  in  tlio 
Niiithwt'.-t.  In  l>i7ii.  till'  tiist  main  hcwit  was 
iiiiiili',  (•<iii>isliiijr  |iriii('i|iiilly  of  lo  incii  pipe. 
'I'iiis  wiir-  phu'uii  ill  Siiii'k  stiuot,  Pofthiiid,  iiml 
has  now  lici'ii  in  iisu  twenty  y*""'"-  i^iin'i"  that 
liiiiL'  Mr.  Siiiitli  anil  his  aasoiMatt^s  have  I'lir- 
nisht'il  nearly  all  llin  s(;wi'i'-|iipi'  that  has  htvn 
u~ril  ill  roitlaml  lis  well  as  many  other  towns  in 
Oref^oii  ami  Wanhingloii,  aniiiiintiiif^  to  iiiaiiy 
miles. 

After  siii'cessfully  I'linniiii,'  the  works  at 
Piiieiia  \'i^ta  for  aliont  twenty  years,  Air.  Smith, 
in  IfS'M,  (ii'fTaniy.ed  tlu'  Oregon  Pottery  Coin- 
|paiiy,  with  a  capital  stock  of  Sod, 000,  he.  hecom- 
ilig  its  pre.-ideiit  and  manager.  New  works 
were  built  ii:  Portland  at  a  cost  of  ahoiit 
S()0,0()().  These  wiM'ks  were  soon  estalilished  on  a 
linn  footing,  and  did  a  siieeesst'nl  InisineBs  until 
ISUO,  when  the  entire  plant  was  destroyed  hy 
tire.  With  his  cliai'acteristie  spirit  of  enterprise 
Mr.  Smith  at  once  set  ahoiit  to  ro-estahlish  the 
works  on  a  larger  seale  tlinii  before.  The  capi- 
tal stuck  was  inereased  to  S'<?dO,000,  and  the 
works  r(d)iiilt  at  a  cost  of  abiut  ^100,000,  and 
are  today  among  tlii»  most  complete  pottery 
works  of  the  coast,  mid  e.\celled  by  bnt  few  in 
America.  The  main  building,  iiseii  tor  factoiy 
purposes,  is  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  with  a 
lull  stone  basement.  The  other  buildings  of  the 
iihint  are  of  wood,  but  covered  with  corrugated 
iron  throughout.  The  kilns  are  liner  than  any 
other  used  on  the  whole  coast.  The  plans  of  the 
entire  ri const riieted  works  were  furnished  by 
the   iiresident   and  nianairer.     The   biiildinits  of 

I  r^  rs 

ilie  jilant  cover  an  area  of  2()t,>x  21-34  feet.  This 
is  e.xclusive  of  the  wharf  adjoining  the  plant, 
which  is  100 .\  300  feet  in  size.  The  ground 
occupied  by  the  compiiny  is  about  three  and 
oiie-lialf  acres  in  extent. 

Mr.  Smith  was  married  in  .Mt.  \'ernon,Iowa,  in 
181)1,  to  Miss  iMary  Iv  Spielinan,  w  ho  was  a  faith- 
ful companion  through  the  ])ioneer  days,  but 
she  was  called  to  her  eternal  home  in  lfS.s3.  leav- 
ing live  childri'ii:  Klizalutli,  wife  of  William 
LI.  Ih'itts,  of  Diilnth,  Minnesota;  Amedee  M., 


Jr.,  P.laiiie  U.,  Mary  K.,  and  Leiii  \\.  In  iHHl 
Mr.  Smith  was  mairied  at  <,'oiinellsvill(>,  I'enn- 
sylvaniii,  to  .Mis.  I'linnia  .1.  ('oiiller,  and  they 
have  two  children:  llaridd  S.  iind  Mildred.  The 
fiimily  reside  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Tweii- 
ty-lirst  iiiid  Kverelt  streets,  where  he  built  his 
home  in  IHNB.  Mr.  Smith  is  ii  inember  of 
a  number  of  stn-rel  orders,  and  liasiilwavs  taken  ii 
lively  interest  in  moral  rffurius.  lie  has  been  u 
member  of  the  .Metlindist  Cliiii't'li  foraboiit  forty 
yi'iiis,  iniieli  of  tiie  lime  in  an  ollieial  caiiacity, 
and  is  now  an  olHcial  inember  of  tho  First  .Meth- 
odist ('hiircdi  of  i'ortland.  Helms  also  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  educational  niatlers. 
lie  is  a  Trustee  of  the  Portland  University,  and 
11  Trustee  for  the  iMidowmenI  Funds  of  the  Wil- 
lami'tle  rni\ersity.  lli!  liel|)ed  ortjaiii/.e  the 
Porlland  Trust  Coinpany,  of  Portland,  Oreo-on, 
and  was  for  several  years  one  of  its  directors. 
He  is  a  inember  of  the  Chamber  of  (Jommerco 
and  one  of  the  most  energetic  business  men  of 
Portlund. 


f  FORGE  W.  STA(i(iS,  one  of  the  young 
1  and  enterprising;  business  men  of  Weston, 
^ifV  was  born  in  Vam  Hill  county,  Oregon, 
December  20.  181)2.  His  father,  .Vlfred  Staggs, 
is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who  married  Miss  Surah 
Davis,  a  native  of  Afissouri.  Mr.  Staggs  eiiii 
grated  to  Oregon  in  18r)2  with  his  brother. 
They  fitted  up  an  ox  teiim  and  started  on  the 
long  joiiwioy  to  tho  coast.  The  bi  other  was 
taken  sick  and  died.  His  lonely,  unnamed 
j,'rHve  is  on  the  plains,  where  his  sorroiving  rela- 
tives were  obliged  to  leave  his  remains,  among 
tlie  savage  Indians.  Mr.  Staggs  was  a  brick 
maker  by  trade,  bnt  in  later  years  ho 
abandoned  it  for  the  occupation  of  fanning. 
He  was  married  in  Oregon,  and  ho  and  his 
faithful  wife  lived  together  until  1872,  when 
death  claimed  his  own  and  called  the  beloved 
wife  to  her  last  home,  at  the  age  of  forty-two. 
They  had  five  diildren,  and  George  was  the 
fourth.  Only  three  of  these  children  are  now 
living,  two  ill  Idaho  and  our  subject  in  Oregon. 
Gecjrge  received  his  early  education  in  the 
common  schools  of  Oregon,  and  was  reared  on 
Mil.'  farm  and  to  farm  work.  He  loUowc-d  that 
occu])atioi.  until  188S,  when  he  went  to  Weston. 
lie  owns  a  tine  fane  of  380  acres  three  miles 
north  of  Weston,  which  ho  continues  to  farm  in 
(connection  with  his  other  bus.ness  interests.  On 
this  farm  ho  grows  wheat  principally. 


nis/oiir  OF  oHh'doy. 


ion 


III  .\iif;il>t.  iHiCJ,  he  cii^i-iir;!'!!  in  tlic  Imiilwiiif 
liiiwiiifs!-  ill  Weston,  wlici'i'  lie  ciiri'ics  a  st(.ci<  of 
sftri.OUO,  ciiiir-it.tiiicr  of  ail  liiiiiih  of  liiinlwarc  uml 
ii^riciiltiiriil  iiii|iii'iiitMitH.  Ill' iiiit'!4  a  i^immI  litisi- 
iiixi  fur  II  iiewciiiiu'r  in  tlio  Idwii,  ami,  a>  lif  ix 
well  known  anil  liked  tlironKJiout  the  entire 
coiintv.  lie  will  ('1111111111111!  II  laif.'e   tnule  in  time. 

Mr.  Stiig^jh  «ii-  niaiiieil.  in  isTli,  to  Mis.s 
.Martha  I'inkertDii.  tliiiii^liler  ot  William  iiinl 
Sanili  I'inkeiton.  Tliin  laily  in  alco  a  native  of 
<  >regon,  anil  lias  liin'iie  lier  liiii^liiinil  t  vvo  cliililren, 
naiiiely;  Kniery  hiuI  iSeiiiali.  two  liri^lit  chil- 
dren, who  render  happy  the  lives  of  their  par- 
ents. M.  StaiTffw  m  a  meiiiher  of  the  Modern 
Wiiiidmen  ol  the  W'orlil,  ('aiiip  No.  112,  of 
Wet^toii:  ali-o  a  iiieinlier  of  K.  of  I*,  lie  votes 
tht!  IJepiililicaii  ticket,  and  is  a  tlinronolily  re- 
spected and  representative  citizen  of  Oreifon. 

IK.  li.  1).  STA.NLEV,  u  prominent  and  siic- 
eessfiil  pra',;ticinfi;  physician  of  I'olk  conn- 
^  ty  and  a  hij^hly  respected  hiisiness  man 
and  citi/en  of  Uallas,  was  horn  in  Indiana, . I  line 
23,  1«.-)1. 

Dr.  Stanley's  father, .losiah  Stanley,  was  liorii 
in  Nortli  Caidlina,  and  was  descended  from  early 
settlers  of  the  ("arolinas,  havini^  orifrinally  come 
from  Kiio;land.  .losiah  Stanley  emigrated  to 
Indiana  when  a  yoiiiifr  man,  and  there  married 
Miss  Maryaret  Ilinkle,  a  native  of  that  State 
and  a  daiii^hter  of  oamiiel  and  .Nancy  (Storr) 
Ilinkle.  IL.twell  H.,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  their  only  child. 

Dr.  Stanley  lie^an  the  study  of  medicine  in 
the  otKee  of  Dr.  S.  S.  (!ani;)iian,  with  whom  he 
remained  one  year;  also  studied  under  the 
direction  of  Dr.  PIiel])8.  He  then  took  a  class- 
ical course  in  his  native  State,  irradiiatini;  in 
1874.  After  this  he  went  to  < 'alit'oriiia.  At 
Diifcli  Flat,  that  State,  lie  studied  medicine  in 
the  otHce  of  Drs.  Mariiii  \-  Wil.-on,  and  sulise- 
ipiently  entered  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Cnliforiiia.  Later,  he  attended 
medical  lectures  in  the  University  of  Orcfron, 
where  he  took  the  honors  of  his  class,  frraduat- 
in^  Ajiril  2,  1H88.  He  then  practiced  a  short 
time  ill  Davenport,  Washington.  In  IS'JO  he 
came  to  Dallas,  |)urehased  property,  hiiilt  an 
ortic",  and  ut  once  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession and  identified  himself  with  the  best,  in- 
terests   of   the    city.      His    professional    career 


ami 

corded    him 

(tarmiviUo, 


thus  far  has  been  one  of  in.irki'd  success.  While 
he  does  a  m'lieral  practice,  he  maker,  a  specialty 
of  treating  diseases  ot  the  eye,  car,  iii>.--e  and 
throat. 

Dr.  Stanley  was  in.inicd  in  1^7^  to  .Min* 
I'liiima  Irish,  a  native  of  K\  Durinlo  county, 
Califiirnia.  Tliev  have  live  <diildren:  .loseph 
II..  (Mules  11..  Willie  .1.,  l,eo  I,,  ami   \\,uunt'  .\. 

roiiticilly,  he  atliliates  with  the  Deiiincratic 
parly,  lie  is  a  promiiieiit  and  active  iiiember 
of  the  State  Medical  Sociely,  id'  wiiich  he  han 
the  honor  to  be  Vice-Urc^idcnl . 

§()N.  I;DWAI;D  is.  W.\TS(>.\,  of  the  lirm 
of  Wat.-oii.  IliiiiieiV  Walnoii,  is  a  repre- 
sentative member  of  the  bar  of  Oregon, 
ir  Worthy  of  the  space  that  has  been  ae- 
iii  this  history,  lie  was  born  at 
Clayton  county,  Iowa,  October  7, 
18-11:,  and  at  the  age  of  nine  years  c.rosned  the 
plains  with  his  parents  to  Oregon.  ^l'"or  history 
of  the  family,  see  sketch  of  his  brother,  .liidgc! 
.lames  K.  Watson.)  The  tirst  winter  was  >-])ent 
ill  l.aiie  county,  Init  the  billowing  spring  they 
removed  to  Uinpijiia  valley,  in  Douglas  county, 
'riiere  l']dvvard  1!.  worked  with  bis  father  on  the 
farm  during  the  siiinnier  seasmi.  and  in  the 
winter  devotiMl  his  time  to  his  books  and  the 
district  school.  In  18(11  lu;  was  sent  to  the 
Uiiipi|Ua  Academy,  wlici-e  be  (Mintiiiiied  his 
studies  until  181!;};  lit!  then  entorcMl  tin;  I'acilic 
University  at  I''orest  (Jrovo,  and  was  graduatt'd 
from  this  institution  with  tliti  class  of  I8(')t). 
He  then  returned  to  Douglas  county  and  began 
reading  law  with  his  brother.  Judge  .1.  K.  Wat- 
son, who  was  then  in  legal  jiracticeat  liosebiirg. 
Two  years  later  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar;  ho 
located  at  .Jacksonville,  and  was  closely  otrciipied 
with  professional  duties  until  1872,  meeting 
with  merited  success.  In  the  yvav  just  men- 
tioned he  was  olecti'd  .ludgcof  .lackson  county, 
( )regiin,  a  position  be  filled  faithtully  and  with 
aliility  for  tour  years.  In  1878  he  was  elected 
(Jotinty  Clerk,  serving  two  years  in  this  oltice. 
IJeing  nominated  liy  the  Uepublican  party 
for  the  otHce  of  Supreme  .luilge.  he  made  a 
successful  canvass,  ami  was  elected  over  a  strong 
opposing  candidate.  The  first  two  years  of  his 
term  he  was  Associate  . I ustice,  but  in  1882  he 
became  Chief  .Instice,  filling  ihe  position  with 
great  credit  to  himself  as  well   as  his  constitu- 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


Y 


/. 


y. 


1.0 


I.I 


■^    ■-Its 

t  1^ 


2.5 
2.0 


1.8 


IL25  nil  1.4    IIIIII.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


1S88 


UltiTOUr    OF    UUEUON. 


eiicy.  Uis  decisioiiH  wen?  "lear,  ctinciwe  and 
lof;i(;al,  eviiiciii}{  a  tliomiiirli  kiidwleil^o  of  tlio 
law.  I'jMiii  I'ctii'iiifr  I'niiM  tlie  Siipieiiu^  Ik'iR'li, 
tlic  law  tinri  of  AVaiiioii,  II nine  Ai  Watsnii  was 
formed,  and  an  office  ojaiiitMl  in  I'ortland,  wliiTc 
.liulfre  Watson  lias  since  residecl.  The  lirni  is 
made  U|)  (d'  the  ahlt^st  and  most  talented  gentle 
)nen-the  liar  of  the  State  ean  prodiiee,  and  is 
worthy  of  thi^  coiitidenee  reposed  in  it  by  nieni- 
liers  of  all  professions. 

rhnli^i^  Watson  is  married  to  a  most  estimalile 
wife,  anil  has  two  interesting;  cdiildren.  In  his 
home  he  is  surronnded  liy  all  the  refininj^  in- 
flnenees  of  cultivated  taste, and  there  has  oppor- 
tunity and  leiHiire  for  intellectual  pursuits.  He 
is  a  mendier  of  the  A.  O.  IJ.  W.,  and  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity. 


^.ON.  .lA.MIvS  F.  WATSON,  tlie  senior 
IMJ  iu''I"''''''<''  'Ii*'  widely  and  favoralily  known 
^^yi  law  firm  of  Watson,  Hume  tV:  Watson, 
came  to  I'orlland,  t)re^on,  in  1853.  lie  was 
liorn  in  Duliuque,  Iowa,  on  March  15,  1840. 
His  father,  .lames  Watson,  was  horn  in  South 
Carolina  in  18(32,  and  at  nine  years  of  age,  in 
1811.  n'lnoved  to  the  Teirilnry  of  Indiana, 
where  he  waH  at  I'ort  Kosciusko  durini^  the  war 
of  1812.  .Vfterthis  he  removed  to  I'ikecounly, 
Missouri,  where  he  married  .Miss  Kmily  A. 
Franklin,  a  native  of  that  State.  In  18)55  he 
went  to  l)ubn(|ue,  w'.iere  lie  was  engaoed  in 
mercantile  pursuits  until  18+1,  when  he  re- 
moved to  (iariiavillo,  Clayton  county,  Iowa,  re- 
maining ihc'e  until  1858,  thence  crossinij^  the 
plains  lo  Crefjnn,  hringing  his  wife  and  six 
children  with  him.  He  settled  on  Mount  Scott, 
on  the  North  rmp(ina  river,  si.xteen  miles 
northeast  ol  Koschurgh,  on  a  ranch  of  2,000 
acres,  which  he  improved,  and  where  he  reside! 
until  the  tim3  of  his  death,  which  occurred  in 
.Inly,  1871.  He  was  electeil  a  meinher  of  the 
Legislature  ii  1802,  and  to  the  Senate  in  1S()4 
and  l^<i(i,  and  was  an  active  Itepnblican,  dis- 
tinguishing himsidf  in  the  cause  of  the  I'nion. 

Seven  cliildrui  wero  lioi-n  in  Oregon,  making 
thirteen  in  all,  of  wl  oni  nl'iu  are  still  living. 
The  old  ranch,  on  which  they  ."ettled  in  1853, 
is  still  owned  in  the  family,  the  mother  of  whom 
still  survives. 

.ludge  Watson  was  educated  a^  Kugcne  City, 
where   he  commenced   the  study  of  law,  whi(di 


he  finished  at  Uosebiirg  with  Itufiis  Malory, 
being  admitted  to  the  barof  the  Supreme  ( 'ourt 
in  September,  18()3.  He  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Koseburg,  continuing  there 
until  1870,  when  he  was  elected  one  of  the  Su- 
preme .ludges  of  the  State,  and  served  two 
years  on  the  Supreme  bench.  The  separate 
circuit  .system  was  then  adopted,  and  he  was 
apiMiinteif  on  the  circuit.  In  1880  he  v/as 
elected  for  six  years,  but  resigned  in  1882, 
having  received  the  appointment  of  United 
Stales  . I  udg(!  froTn  I'l'esident  Arthur,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  for  four  years.  While  at 
Roseburg,  in  18t)4,  he  was  elected  I'rosecuting 
Attorney,  serving  two  years.  In  18(1(5  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Johnson  as  tin,  Uegister 
of  the  Land  Office,  but  did  not  ipialify.  In 
18()K  he  was  again  elected  I'rosecuting  .Vttor- 
ney,  and  in  1872  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate,  serving  in  the  latter  capacity  for 
two  years. 

In  1872  .ludge  Wat.son  married  .Mi?s  Isabella 
Flint.  They  had  two  children.  His  wife  died 
in  1881,  ami  in  1883  he  married  Mrs.  Virginia 
Kinney,  widow  of  Mr.  .V.  ('.  Kinney,  and  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  W.  T.  Newby,  who  came  to  Oregon 
in  1^43,  and  who  was  the  founder  of  the  town 
of  McMinnville.  He  was  a  man  of  generous 
impulses,  puiilic-spirited,  and  ever  ready  to  aid 
every  object  tending  to  benelit  the  community. 
He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1872,  and 
died  in  1S85. 

.Iinlge  Walson  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity,  aTid  was  MasttM'  of  Laurel  Lodge, 
No.  13,  in  1872.  He  is  also  a  Knight  Templar. 
He  is  a  stockholder  and  director  in  both  the 
Portland  Savings  ami  tlui  Commercial  National 
Hanks.  In  1855-'50  he  served  in  the  Indian 
war.  He  Ls  in  politics  a  Kepnblicau.  His  law 
tirm  ranks  high  in  the  community,  and  they 
have  an  extensive  jiractice.  Of  superior  ability 
and  acknowledged  legal  acumen,  he  has  taken  a 
j)rominent  part  in  the  history  of  his  State;  ami 
ills  fidelity,  integrity  and  generous  impulses 
have  endeared  Irni  to  the  cominunity,  and  to 
nuinerons  p«irsonal  friends. 

fllAKLKSW.  SCIlIliFU  has  been  a  res- 
ident of  Salem  since  1850  and    is  one   of 
her  most   highly    respected  citizens.      He 
was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  October  22, 


J 


s(! 


lllsroUY     OF    llltHIION. 


ISM 


1822,  a  BOH  of  (Jornoiiiis  Scriber;  his  fatlior  was 
also  a  native  (if  tlio  Kiiipiro  Statu,  Ixini  (i|)|i()sitc 
the  city  of  P(iiii;iiki'f|>BiD;  tlic^  family  is  (if  (icr 
man  oriirin  and  tlit'  niinu'  was  fornit'i'l}'  s|iellt'ii 
iSc'lii'yvi'r.  Till'  uai'licKt  ani-ostorH  in  tliis  oonn'ry 
came  ionji;  jirior  to  the  war  of  the  Ivcvdliitioii. 
Conieliim  ..x-riber  niari'ii'd  Miss  Amelia  Wal- 
grove,  a  native  of  New  York,  of  Scotch  ancestry, 
ami  a  family  of  five  children  was  born  to  them, 
fonr  t'i'i  whom  snrvive.  Charles  W.  remained 
under  the  parental  roof  aintii  he  was  eifjhtcen 
years  of  age,  at  Catskill,  New  York,  wl  ere  ho 
learned  the  blacksmiths'  trade.  Alter  he  had 
eerved  iiis  aj)i)renticeshi|)  he  shipjicd  on  board 
the  whaler,  ('diaries  VV.  Morgan,  of  New 
Hedford,  in  1>S40,  criiife(l  two  years  and  had 
many  wild  adventures  and  narrow  esea|)es 
from  death.  Next  he  shi|)]icd  aboard  the  bark, 
Kdwiird,  of  I  )artmoiitli,  and  ten  months  alter- 
ward  on  the  Martin,  of  Nantucket.  Tlien  he 
stopped  at  t'allao  aiid  worked  at  his  trade 
for  II  time,  from  1S47  to  iSoO,  aii'l  then  came 
to  ('alifornia.  In  the  foUowinj;'  autuinn  ^l^rv.!) 
ho  came  to  Oregon,  lie  was  in  the  employ  of 
tlie  (uiverninent  at  Vancouver  troni  .Vufjust 
until  .April,  and  then  came  to  Marion  county; 
he  settled  on  a  tarm  ten  miles  east  (d'  Salem, 
a  tract  of ')4()  acres  of  (huiation  land;  he  ma(|e 
many  valuable  improveinents  and  cultivated  tlii! 
place  for  idifht  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time 
lie  exchanged  it  for  a  farm  of  'M^  acres,  this 
place  he  occupied  eight  years  and  then  rented 
the  place  and  came  to  Salem  in  ISIiS.  Here  he 
])urcliaseil  two  lots  and  built ..  pleasant,  attract- 
ive home,  in  which  he  still  resides.  Me  re- 
sinned his  former  occupation,  which  he  has  fol- 
lowed continuously  since  that  time.  In  lSSi3 
he  formed  a  |)artn(»rsliip  with  .Mr.  I'olilecard, 
and  a  carriage  and  wagon  making  de|iartm(  iit 
was  added  to  the  business. 

Mr.  Scriber  married  Misa  Mary  .lane  (iritlith 
in  February,  185 1, -and  tla^re  have  been  born  of 
this  union  seven  children,  four  daughtcs  and 
three  sons:  Amelia  is  the  wife  of  Ezra  Miller 
and  resides  in  Salem;  iMiima  is  the  wife  of  Al- 
fred ('u(dridge  and  li\es  in  C^olfax;  Jelferson 
niarrie(l  Miss  Klla  Leonard,  and  is  a  resident  of 
I, a  (ilrande;  ,101111  lived  to  the  agi^  of  t'vei;ty-six 
years,  when  lu'  was  accidentnlly  shot  while  hunt- 
ing; Ada  is  a  graduate  of  the  Willamette  I'ni- 
versity,  and  is  now  studying  and  teiudiingin  the 
Coiise'rvatorv  of  Music,  Hostoii;  Charles  is 
clerking  in  ('olfax;  and  (trace  is  a  teiichor  of 
elocutiui). 


Mr.  Scriher  is  I'ast  N.  i.i.  of  the  {,  ().  O.  F., 

and  has  been  a  (lood  Temiiliir  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  lie  is  a  worthy  member  of  the 
(Jiiiiiberland  I'rcsbyterian  Cliiircli.  In  politics 
he  has  always  been  an  ardent  kepublican.  He 
is  a  man  of  many  sterling  traits  of  cliariKaer, 
he  has  always  met  his  obligations  |)roniplly,  and 
has  been  loyal  to  the  interests  of  his  ,,^11  Stale 
and  cdmitv. 


-S^ 


^.*^K5*0^-> 


fA.  I!(  MM'IKT,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
architects  of  I'orlland.  Oregon,  and  poii- 
»  iilar  as  a  citizen  and  man,  was  born  in 
Canada,  in  1854.  He  was  educated  at  St.  Hcr- 
sae.  College,  after  which  he  took  tiie  course  in 
:.ri'liitceture  at  the  (ioveriimeiit  school,  at  Slier- 
brook^^  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  mm'MmI 
an  apprentice  ship  of  four  years  to  learn  car- 
|ieiitry,  witli  A.  Adiim,  who  was  one  of  the  leading 
church  builders  of  the  jirovince  (d' (^nciiec.  .Aft- 
er this  he  was  for  five  years  with  (ieorge  W. 
Crosby,  I)  prominent  andiitect  and  b.iilder  of 
Kastern  township,  v  here  he  pursued  the  study 
of  architecture  and  construction.  .\t  theexpira 
tioii  id' this  time  Mr.  Uobert  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Croijby.  in  general  contract 
work.  During  all  these  years  .Mr.  IJoberl  had 
attended  night  school  for  the  piirpo.-e  of  pur- 
suing sp(!ci  .1  studies  with  a  vii'w  of  promoting 
his  work.  Mr.  Crosby  was  atiiiisliecl  iiie(dianic, 
thoroughly  competent  in  every  departmeiil,  anii 
it  is  to  that  gentleman's  excellent  training  that 
Mr.  Robert  attributes  his  later  emiiKMit  success. 
Their  partnership  continued  until  18S3,  when 
Mr.  Uobert  went  to  (Jranby,  proviiiee  of 
(Jiiebec,  wdiere  he  commenced  biisiiicss  alone. 
Willie  here  lie  ei'ectc(|,  as  arcliit.'Ct  and  builder, 
the  tirst  g(>s>iiiiier  goods  factory  in  that  piov  iiico, 
tor  the  (iraiiby  llubberConi|iaiiy,  for  which  com 
pftiiy  he  sub8e(|ueiitly  did  much  work;  and  also 
erected  many  other  prominent  buildings  in  that 
locality. 

In  188()  he  came  to  I'orlland  to  visit  his  imr- 
ents.  who  had  come  to  the  Slaf(;  in  1878.  I!e- 
coining  infatiiiil(.>d  with  ihe  milder  climate  and 
attractive  siirroiiiidiiigs,  be  de.'ided  to  pei  ma- 
ne itly  locate  here,  and  accordingly  returned  to 
Canada  to  make  his  final  arrangements,  lie 
then  settled  in  i'ortland,  where,  without  friends 
or  intliience,  he  commenceil  the  practice  of  his 
business.  His  first  contract  was  with  the  I'niied 
Slates  (lovernnieiit,   to   erect    buildings  at    the 


'  V-i 


% 


I24U 


IllSTOUY    Oh'    OUKilOS. 


Imliiin  ti'iiiiiiii^  hc^IiooI,  iiinii'  Siiltnti.  In  tlio  ca- 
piicity  of  architect  ami  liiiililer  lie  eii'i'ltMl,  duiiiig 
liis  first  two  and  a  half  jx'ars  in  this  country, 
over  ijlUJO.OtKI  worth  of  lniil(liiii£s,  amoiisj  which 
wore  St.-  Mary's  Acationiy,  in  I'ortlaiul;  the 
lioiuan  Catholic  ('hun^h,  in  Salem,  and  many 
other  liiiil(lini;s  of  proininence  tlirou^'hout  the 
valley.  In  lSf<7  ho  locatcil  iti  Salem,  where  he 
executeil  a  lari^c!  contract  on  the  Statu  building!*. 
While  tJK're  he  was  president  of  the  (Jliurchili 
S'lhh  vV:  Door  Factory,  at  Salem,  ancl  was  an 
extensive  dealer  in  Inmher  in  carload  lots,  also 
purchasing  for  his  customers.  Ik'sides  this  lie 
dealt  largely  in  real  estate,  in  which  he  was 
very  successful.  In  ISDO  he  whs  one  of  a  syn- 
dicate to  purchase  7,000  acres  of  timber  land, 
on  which  was  two  sawmills,  hut  owing  to  mis- 
management of  the  property  he  became  a  heavy 
loser.  In  November.  ISSJl-,  he  returned  to 
rortlaml  for  the  pur|iose  of  being  in  the  busi- 
ness center,  and  that  be  might  the  better  lievote 
liis  entire  time  ami  energies  to  his  profession. 

Mr.  Uobiu-t  was  married  in  (4raiiby,  June  14, 
1S77,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Cusack,  and  they  have 
live  children:  Catherine  I)..  William  L..  Mary 
L.,  (MiarlesU.  and  I'earl  M. 

(lifted  with  oritrinal  and  artistic  ideas,  a  sin- 
cere  student  of  his  business,  to  which  he  is  en- 
tirely devoted,  and  thoroughly  conversant  with 
every  detail  of  construction,  he  has,  by  his  abil- 
ity ami  energy,  attained  the  foremost  rank 
among  the  architects  of  the  State. 


llIARI.HS  SAMCKL  TCSTIN,  one  of  tlie 
nio.'-t  prosperous  farmers  of  Yam  Hill 
county,  of  which  county  he  has  been  a 
resilient  for  forty  five  years,  is  anative  of  Illinois, 
where  lie  was  born  Se])teinber  2, 1845.  When 
but  two  years  of  .age,  his  parents  crossed  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  liis  father,  Charles  Samuel, 
after  wlunn  the  subject  of  the  sketch  was  named, 
was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was 
born  in  1818.  His  ancesters  were  (iernian,  who 
settleil  in  Pennsylvania  in  an  early  day.  (irand- 
fatlier  Tustin  and  family  removed  to  Illinois 
early  in  the  history  of  the  State,  and  here,  in 
18iJi),  their  son,  the  father  of  our  sut)ject,  was 
married  to  Miss  Mary  Jarvis.  They  had  four 
children  in  Illinois:  Marion.  Amanda,  Mai'vand 
Charles  Samuel.  In  1847,  Crandfatlier  Samuel 
Tustin  and  family  and  our  subject's  father  and 


I'imily.  all  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  to 
aviiil  themselves  of  the  rich  tracts  of  land  given 
by  the  United  States  to  tlio.s*'  who  would  settle 
on  them.  The  grandfather  took  his  donation 
claim  near  La  Kayette,  ti4()  acres,  for  himself  ami 
wit'o.  The  father  of  our  subject  bought  a  siprnt- 
ter's  right  to  a  section  of  land,  located  three 
miles  northeast  of  McMinuville.  on  which  he 
and  his  family  settled.  They  remained  unin- 
torrnptedly  on  their  resptictive  claims,  until 
1849,  when  the  gold  excitement  in  ("alifornia 
was  at  its  heii:ht,  wlitin  tlufy  also  wetit  to  the 
gold  iliggings.  The  father  of  our  subject  re- 
turned the  t'lillowing  winter.  lie  had  gotten 
some  gold,  and  hail  purchased  a  quantity  of  sup- 
plies, which  were  needed  by  the  family,  but 
which,  on  the  account  of  the  high  water,  he  was 
obliged  to  leave  behind  him,  in  Oregon  City, 
while  he  rejoined  his  family,  and  his  goods  were 
BtoliMi.  ami  the  thief  never  discovered.  The 
grandfather  after  many  operatioiit^.  settled  at 
I'etaluma,  Califm'uia,  where  he  resided  for  the  re- 
maiinliM'  of  his  life,  and  a  sister  of  his,  still  resides 
there.  The  grandfather  died  in  ISlil,  greatly 
mourned  by  his  family  ami  friends,  wlio  esteemed 
him  for  his  many  sterling  qualities  of  heart 
and  mind.  The  father  of  our  subject  continued 
ever  after  this  to  reside  on  his  farm.  He  was  a 
carpentei-,  and  a  man  of  good  morals  and  abil- 
ity, and  was  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 
He  died  in  the  midst  of  his  family,  in  18(J2, 
greatly  lamented  by  all  who  knew  and  realized 
his  worth.  His  faithful  wife  survived  him 
until  1877,  when  she  died,  at  the  age  ot  fifty- 
seven  years.  She  was  greatly  beloved  on  ac- 
count of  her  many  practical  Christian  virtues, 
and  warm  and  generous  heart. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch,  who  was  the  eldest 
son  at  home  at  tlie  time  of  his  father's  death, 
became  the  head  of  the  family.  His  older 
brother  was  married  and  resided  in  California. 
He,  accordingly,  cared  for  his  mother  and  sis- 
ters. His  father's  part  of  the  land  was  sold  to 
meet  his  father's  indebtedness.  In  the  division 
of  the  remaining  land,  his  eldest  sister  received 
eighty  acres,  but  she  has  since  died  and  the 
property  has  reverted  to  the  other  members  of 
the  family.  The  subject  of  our  sketch  now  has 
245  acres  of  the  old  homestead,  on  which,  in 
1887,  he  built  a  substantial  residence,  and  oth- 
erwise improved  it,  greatly  adding  to  its  value. 
The  excellent  orchard,  planted  by  his  father, 
still  atfiirds  the  family  an  abundance  of  the  very 
best  fruit,  besides  which  our  snliject  is  raising 


IIISIDHy    OF    (iKKdON. 


I'-'ll 


considerable  grniii,  801110  lio[m,  hikI   ib  also  rait*-   | 
ing   KoiiU'  !»t()ck,   including  Noriiian-IVrcln  nm 
lioi>e8. 

Mr.  TiiHtin  aiid  liin  sihter,  Naiicy  KIIlmi,  liave    ! 
l)otli  remained  Hiiigle,  an<l  slu-  lesidcii  witli  liiin 
on  tlie  lioini'Stead,  wliicli   lias   liclwiiiii'd  to  tlieiii    j 
80  long.     Tiiey  arc  devotctl  to    lacli  other's  in 
terests,   and   an-   models  whose  e.\am|>le   many 
lirotliers  and  sisters  wonld  do  well  to    emulate. 

Mr.  Tiistin  is  Democratic  in  politics,  and,  for 
twelve  years  has  served  most  ethciently  as  Clerk 
of  his  sclio(d  district,  lie  is  a  promiiieiit  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  ( ).  ().  K.,  in  the  widfare  of  which 
he  takes  a  <lee|i  interest. 

It  is  seldoiiL  that  we  have  to  chronicle  so 
blameless  a  life,  even  amonif  the  salt  of  the 
earth,  the  inliabit;ints  of  the  glorion-  coinm<in 
wealth  ot'Oreijon.  it  is  true  that  this  mH''iHH- 
cent  State  irrows  notbiiifi  but  what  is  best, 
which  amply  accounts  for  the  iininy  perfections, 
human  and  otherwise,  abounding  within  her 
borders. 

[IIOMAS  L.  TUliNKlJ,  one  f  the  reputa- 
ble farmers  of  Clackamas  county,  Oreoon, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  July  10,  1S4().  His 
ancestors  were  early  settlers  of  N'irginia.  Grand- 
father Daniel  Turner  was  a  soldier  in  the  Colo- 
nial army  <luriuir  the  Revolution.  ( )nr  subject's 
father,  .lohn  M.  Turner,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
reared  to  manhood  there,  and  in  that  State  mar- 
ried Miss  Harriett  Cook,  and  after  their  mar- 
riage they  removed  to  Ohio  and  settle(l  on  a 
farm.  In  the  fall  of  1851  they  moved  to  Mis- 
souri, purchased  land  and  established' their  home 
on  it.  riiere  the  father  resided  till  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1857.  In  religion  he 
w^s  a  Baptist,  and  in  politics  a  Democrat.  He 
was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  His  widow 
survived  him  till  1885,  beiiifj  seventy-three 
years  old  at  the  time  of  her  death.  They  were 
the  parents  of  ten  children,  nine  of  whom 
reache(l  adnit  years,  and  six  are  still  living. 
Thomas  L.  is  the  youngest  in  this  family,  and 
was  only  thirteen  years  of  iige  when  his  father 
died,  tie  renuiined  with  his  mother  on  the 
farm  and  aided  her  in  the  nninag<Mnent  of  it 
until  lu'  grew  up  to  manhood,  and  in  <luo  time 
he  purchased  land  for  himself. 

April  4,  1801,  Mr.  Turner  married  Miss 
Xancy  Powers.  She  was  born  in  Missouri, 
September    IH,    1844,  daughter   of   Benjamin 


Powers.  They  remaine<l  on  the  farm  until 
18t!5.  and  that  yeur  cro«se<l  the  |)liiiiis  to  Ore 
gun.  They  had  three  children  born  in  Missouri, 
namely:  Mary  Frances,  now  Mrs,  I'rederick 
Mlleijson,  who  resides  near  her  ])'irent-i:  .lulia 
I'.li/alieth.  wife  of  Kdwanl  Seely,  of  Wooilburn; 
anil  .lohn  Marion,  a  resident  of  the  State  nf 
Washington.  These-children  they  brought  with 
them  across  the  plains,  being  si.\  iiiuiiths  on 
their  journey,  aiid,u|ion  their  arrival  in  Oregon, 
came  direct  to  the  fiirm  on  which  thi^y  have 
since  resided,  seven  miles  northeast  of  Oregon 
City.  They  purchased  UiO  acres  of  land,  at 
?!>~.5<)  per  acre,  paying  Sol  10  down  and  gi'ing  in 
debt  for  the  rest,  and  in  a  lojr  Iiiiu>e  on  this 
farm  they  began  their  pioneer  life  in  Oregon. 
As  the  years  rolled  by  their  honc>l  iridiislry  \\iis 
crowned  with  success.  In  18(1!)  a  good  frame 
residenc(<  took  the  place  of  their  primitive  log 
hous«',  and  Mr.  Turner  not  only  paid  for  his 
first  purchase  of  land  but  also  added  :!()0  iicrcs 
more  to  it,  making  4t)()  altogether. 

Fight  children  were  added  to  his  family  in 
Oregon,  viz.:  Annie  M.  (wlm  died  in  her  third 
year),  .lames.,  Alliert  I'.,  Klla  11.,  Ilerlicrt  T, 
Susie  li.,  Charles  F.,  and  Smith. 

Mr.  Turner's  political  views  are  in  harmony 
with  Democratic  principh's.  He  and  his  wife 
are  charter  members  of  the  Orange,  and  he  is 
Past  Master  of  the  order.  Mr.  Turner  has  iieiii 
a  hiirdworking  man  bir  a  number  of  years,  in 
fact  his  whole  life  has  been  one  nf  great  iictivity. 
Soon  alter  coming  to  Oregon  he  kept  aid  ran  a 
large  plow,  breaking  up  iiincli  of  the  wild  land 
in  this  vicinity,  and  thus  bus  been  a  useful  I'ac 
tor  in  the  im|irovenient  of  this  sei'tion  of  the 
country. 

fllOMAS   P.  \'A1!\VI({   is  a  native  son   of 
llie    (iiilden    West,    born    in    Sacramento, 
^    Califoi'iiia,  in  ISol       '        father.  Herman 
j    Varwig,  was   a   native   of   (iermany,   and   there 
i   passed  his   boyhood   and    youth:   afier  his  inar- 
j    riage  he   emigrated   to   the   I'nited    States,  atid 
spent  a  brief  season    in    Now   Orleans  and  St. 
!    Louis  before  coining  to  California;  in    1850  he 
joined   the   emigration    train,    coming   via    the 
Pannina  route.    He  wiis  engaged  in  meicliandis- 
j    itig    chietly   until    ISof),   when    lie    returned    lo 
Sacrameiiio  ami  embarked    in  the  ^rrocery  busi- 
ness, which    he  carried    on    until    1^114;   in   the 
i   latteryear  lie  removed  to  Portland,  and  is  now  a 


ViAi 


UlHIUtRY    OA'    OREOUN. 


p.  ; 


rc-iil'-'it  (if  flii-^  <'ify.  Ili>  wmi.  TlioiiiHf  1*.  Var- 
wii'.  Iii'iriin  t(»  ciirii  liis  own  hiintMirt  at  tin;  lurc  of 
I'li^vLMi  years,  so  tliat  his  oiliic.atioii  was  ac(|ii iced 
only  lliroiif^li  jMTsistmit  ett'ort.  His  lirst  ex- 
|H'r-J(iii('c  ill  tin-  cipiiiiiiorcial  world  was  a>>  errand 
ImiV  al)oiit  lidli'ls  and  slioiis.  At  the  ao;o  of 
fit'tt'iMi  years  he  mitered  the  ('ni|)l<iy  of  Donner- 
berjr  i^  ilarrctt,  aiid  learned  tlie  pliiinhitii;  trade. 
In  lS7"2  1ie  a(',c,i)in|)aMied  his  uncle,  Fred  Var- 
wio-,  lo  till!  iiiiiu'H  in  Aiiiador coiiiity,  (!alitoriiiR, 
lint  without  makinj;  a  "tiiid."'  Ho  returned  to 
I 'or t land  and  resiiiiu-d  his  trade  as  a  joiirncynmri, 
wliieh  he  continued  until  lSTt5,  at  that  time  he 
formed  a  partn(irslii|)  with  John  iiiirk,  and  they 
opened  a  pliimhiiij^  estaldishineiit  which  they 
al'terward  removed  to  Astoria;  tiiey  siitfered 
from  the  tire  of  IST8,  after  which  Mr.  Varwif; 
sold  his  interest  and  returned  to  I'ortland.  in 
Septeiiihcr.  1H7'.I,  with  hormwed  capital,  lie 
ow'iieil  a  t'liiall  shop  on  the  corniM' iif  Second  and 
Washington  streets,  and  did  his  own  work  until 
he  had  Inilit  ii|i  a  hiisiness  diMnandin^  additional 
help.  Ill  1S82  he  removed  to  his  present  location, 
71  Wasjiiiifrtiin  street,  where,  with  increased  fa- 
cilities, he  has  liiiilt  up  an  extensive  business  in 
tjeiieral  pliiinliin^.  Mis  work  is  principally  liy 
contract  in  the  tittiiif:;  of  new  1  jildiiij^s  witli 
gas,  steam  anil  hot  water  pipes.  He  employs 
on  an  aveiiii;e  ten  men,  and  imports  his  sup- 
plies direct  from  the  manufacturers. 

Mr.  \'ar\vig  was  married  in  rortland  in 
l''eiiriiary,  lti7(>,  to  Miss  l^)8a  Morrow,  a  native 
of  Washiiiffton,  and  a  dauijhtcr  of  (ieorife  Mor- 
row, a  pioiuMM'  of  early  times.  This  union  has 
resulted  in  the  hirlh  of  four  children,  three  of 
whom  survive:  Kiizaheth  S.,  Lillian  and  Susan. 
The  family  reside  at  the  corner  of  Kast  First 
iind  Halse't  streets,  East  Portland,  where  their 
residence  was  erected  in  18!)1.  Mr.  Varwig  has 
improved  other  residence  property  in  the  city, 
lint  has  given  liis  best  etiorts  to  his  business, 
which  is  in  every  fense  a  coinj)k'te  success. 

[IM.IAM  HATT("HF:TT  VAITGHAN. 
an  honored  ( )regon  pioneer  of  1843, 
now  residinj^  on  his  donation  claim  on 
the  Molalla  river,  in  Clackamas  county,  is  de- 
scended from  Scotch-Irish  ancestors,  who  emi- 
grated to  the  colony  of  Virginia  at  an  early 
period  in  the  history  of  America,  whore  they 
were    people    of    wealth    and     intluerice.      His 


father,    James    Vaughan,     was    born 
ginia,   and    was  there   m.rried   to    .Min 


in  \'ir- 
5  .Nancy 
llattchett,  also  a  native  of  the  Old  Dominion, 
and  one  of  the  nine  children  of  Thomas  llatt- 
chett and  his  wife,  n«e  (Jhatin.  The  llattchetts 
were  of  English  descent.  Mr.  Hattchett  served 
in  the  late  (-olonial  army  during  the  Revolution. 
He  died  in  the  seveiity-fonrth  year  of  his  age, 
and  his  wife  |)asse(l  away  at  the  aj;e  of  ninety- 
six.  After  their  arriago  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Vanghaii  removed  to  Tennessee  and  settled  in 
Hiitherford  county,  where  they  reared  a  family 
of  thirteen  cliildre  i,  seven  sons  and  six  daugh- 
ters. Of  this  numerous  family  only  five  are  liv- 
ing, three  sons  and  two  dauifliters.  In  184:2 
the  family  moved  to  Missouri,  where  the  par- 
ents resided  up  to  the  time  of  their  death. 

William  H.,  the  tilth  son  in  the  family,  was 
born  ill  middle  Tennes.see,  Januarv  17,  1822. 
At  the  age  of  sixteen,  through  an  elder  brother, 
and  the  (.'ongressman  from  the  district,  ar- 
rnngoments  were  made  for  him  to  attend  the 
military  si:hool  at  West  Point,  but  his  father 
said  "  No,"  and  that  wa^  a  cut  deep  and  wide, 
as  his  only  aspiration  'v.as  blasted.  That  was 
the  cause  of  his  crossing  the  Rocky  mountains. 
Heiiig  an  expert  riHeinan  and  tilled  with  the 
spirit  of  adventure,  April  20,  1843,  be  left  bis 
father's  home,  in  southwestern  Missouri,  to  cross 
the  ])lains  to  Oregon.  He  was  with  the  tirst 
waifon  train  that  ever  came  all  the  way  through 
to  Oregon.  They  cut  their  own  roads  through 
the  I'liie  mountains,  siirmoiinting  evt^-y  obstacle 
that  presented  itself.  They  came  by  what  was 
called  the  Meidian  route.  The  way  they  sc>ded 
the  steeps,  forded  rivers  and  made  their  way 
over  the  ntew  country,  can  never  be  fnlly  ap- 
preciated by  the  uninitiated.  They  came  by  way 
of  Walla  Walla  and  then  down  the  Oolumbia 
river,  arrivingatOregoii  City  abom  November  JO, 
1843.  For  a  time  Mr.  Vaughan  was  emjiloyed 
at  fencing  and  barn  building  by  the  Hudson's. 
Hay  (Company.  In  May,  1844,  he  came  to  his 
donation  claim,  sixteen  miles  soutiieast  of  Ore- 
gon City,  and  was  the  tirst  permanent  settler 
in  this  ))art  of  the  county.  Here,  in  bis  primi- 
tive cal)in,  he  kept  "bach"  for  several  years. 
In  building  his  log  honse  he  made  it,  as  far  as 
possible,  a  stronghold  against  the  Indians,  with 
whom  be  frequently  had  trouble.  At  one  time 
he  was  attacked  by  sixteen  of  them,  but  by  his 
dauntless  courage  be  succeeded  in  overawing 
them,  and  made  a  miraculous  esca]H'.  In  the 
fall  of  1847,  after  the  murder  of  Dr.  Whitman, 


msToiii  OF  ouKdoy. 


tS48 


Mr.    Vauf'lian    hroiiijlit   Witli   li 


fni 


lioine  in  Teiitieswe  a  tine  old  Kentucky  ritie,  ami 
with  it,  attt'i'  liis  arrival  in  Oreirdii,  he  dis- 
tinguished hii'iself  as  an  expiM't  hiinlei',  beiiiij 
known  (ar  and  M-ide  as  the  "Kinijof  llunters.'" 


or   many  years  lie 


lade 


e  Imnselt  very  iiselul  m 


he  volunteered  and  ^^erved  in  thi-  Cayuse  war, 
un<kM'  (!a|itain  Maxiii,  fiirnishini^  IiIh  own  horse 
and  eipiipinents.  Ho  was  in  the  battle  of  I'lna- 
tilla,  which  (■•ijragernent  lasted  from  nine  o'cloi'k 
in  the  morning  until  ;ii>rht,  when  flu!  Ftidiaiis 
withdrew.  Mrs.  Vanirhaii's  father  was  also  a 
participant  in  this  war. 

August  27,  18  47,  Mr.  Vaufjhan  married   Miss 
Susan  Mary  Office,  a  native  of  Missouri,  born   ■ 
March;},    1833.      Ilor    father.   James   OHic-.  a   ! 
native  of  Tennes.see,  came  to  ()rej;oii    with    his   i 
family  of  seven  children  in  18lo,  and  settle(l  on    | 
a  donation  claim,  twelve  miles  south  of  (  d'ci^on 
City,  where  he  resided   tor  a  number  of  years. 
Her  mother  died  June  14,  1S78,  and  her  father, 
now   nintrty-one  years  of  ago,  makes  his  home 
with  thein.    Followinjr  are  the  ini'iies  of  ,VIr.  and 
Mrs.  Vaufjhan's  children:   Frank  White,  wlio  is 
married  and   has  eleven   children.  iesid(!s  in  the 
Hig  iJend  county,  of  Washington,  whei'cHie  is  en- 
gaged  in  the  stock  business;    Isom  ('.,  a  firmer 
in    Olackamas   county,  is   niarricMl  and   has   live 
children;   \ancy    Virginia,   wife  of  Orcn  Cut- 
ting, Clackamas  county,  has  two  children;  .Viary 
Tennessee,  wife   of   (Toorije   T.  Frazier,  Clacka- 
mas county,  hasonecdiild;  Viola  F.,  wife  of  John 
Stubbs,  has  one  child,  and  they  ntside  on  thu 
home  farm;   Stonewall    Jackson,  a  merclumt  at 
Molalla;    Hardy  f^ongstreet.  a  farmer  in  (!lacka 
mas  conntv;   and  Susan  Florida,  John  C.,  Cora 
K.,  and  W'illiam  Officer,  all  at  home. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vaughan  have  been  industrious 
jieojile  all  their  lives.  They  have  a  fine  home 
and  other  substantial  buildings  on  their  farm, 
and  their  landed  estate  comprises  '.((iO  acres, 
iioth  he  and  his  wife  were  reared  in  the  faith  of 
the  I'aptist  deuoininatiou,  and  for  ten  years  lu! 
served  as  (llcrk  of  the  church.  I'<ilitically,  he 
is  a  Democrat.  Several  times  he  was  nomi- 
mited  for  both  the  Legislature  and  the  Senate. 
Ills  party,  however,  was  in  the  minority  and  he 
wj>s  defeated. 


killing  off  tlu!  wolves  and  mountain  lions  that 
had  made  havoc  among  his  stock  and  the  stock  of 
his  neighbors.  His  hounds  and  his  guns  were 
his  delight,  and  even  yet,  at  the  age  of  seventy, 
his  clioice  hounds  and  his  rifie  afford  him  great 
pleasure,  Mr.  Vaughan  brought  with  him  from  tho  j 


Sunny  South  home  tin- warm  hearted  fi'iendship 
and  [\ir.  genial  hosjiitaiitv  of  the  trin-  Southern 
g'nfleman.  He  is  oui'  of  the  most  widely 
known  and  highly  estt-emed  of  that  band  of 
brave  men  and  women  who  came  to  Oretjon  in 
1S43.  ^ 


^-=^©e>^ 


^^ 


fONU.M)S('iIIIl,MFRI('H,on.M,rthesnl. 
stantial  business  men  of  II  illsburoii:;!),  is 
a  uulivo  of  (rcrnnitiv.  born  I)('cemlnT  2lt, 
18^17.  II '<  father  and  anct'stors  were  (ierman 
farmers.  He  was  educated  and  raised  to  nnm 
hood  in  (iertnany.  and  was  cirafretl  and  sorveil 
two  years  in  the  (Jerman  army.  He  fought  in 
the  war  of  l8f8-'4!».  In  18.")()  lu^  came  to  this 
coiinlry,  laniiiug  in  New  Vork  He  \vorke<lon 
a  farm  as  a  hand  ft)r  six  years  anil  ^aved  his 
mo'iey  He  marrit^d  Margart^l  Shemeser,  of 
Cerm.iny.  and  they  canuf  logiUher  to  Kl  Dorado 
county,  (!alifornia,  in  I'-i.jli,  where  he  engat;ed 
in  milling,  and  remained  eighteen  years  phicr 
mining.  It  had  been  mined  over  several  times, 
but  had  been  very  rich  in  gold,  and  had  they 
mined  it  before  any  one  else  had  gone  over  it 
they  could  have  taken  out  by  their  system 
$5,000  per  day.  They  cut  a  tunnel  through  the 
solid  rock  (SIO  feet  in  UMigth,  and  it  all  had  to 
be  done  by  blasting,  ami  cost  them  AIS.OOO. 
Mr.  Seliul  iieri(di"s  mine  made  money,  and  after 
they  had  worked  it  as  lonu  as  tlii'V  thought  it 
would  pay,  it  was  sold  cheap  t)  tli"  Chines  •.  and 
they  have  boon  working  it  siucl^ 

Mr.  Schiilmerich  has  raiseil  a  ftiniilv  ot  ten 
children,  and  brought  away  >ii7.0(fO  with  him. 
and  came  to  Oregon,  and  purchaM'  I  a  far  n  tliri'o 
and  a  half  miles  south  of  II  illslioi'oiigli.  it  is  3°.'0 
acres  of  laud,  and  six  ycNirs  huer  he  purclri'^"d 
a  farm  .d'  iioO  acres,  'i'liey  have  be'ii  engaged 
in  raising  grain  and  miki:ig  creamery  Iniller, 
an<l  also  raising  verv  tine  cattle.  He  estimates 
that  he  has  made  about  ^."jli  on  each  e  iw.  The 
farm  is  improvini;  all  th"  time,  and  beeoniing 
mon^  anil  more  \aliiable.  He  has  built  a  iiii'e 
brick  house  in  Hillsborough,  and  in  partnership 
with  his  son  has  opened  a  lari;e  general  iiiercli  in 
dise  store  under  the  name  of  C.  Schiilmerich  iVt 
Son. 

He  retired  from  his  farm  in  Octoru'r,  IS'Jl, 
piindiase  1  a  home  in  Ilillsboroiiijh,  and  resides 
therewith  his  family.  He  has  other  pro|ierty  in 
the  city.  His  son,  Herman,  is  i:.  the  meat  market 
business  in  Hillsborough;  W'illiam  is  running  one 


r,'4i 


IIISTOHY    l)F    ()/:h'IWX. 


\ 


farm,  wliiii;  Mdwiiid  is  niiiniti^  the  other;  •loM-pli 
is  iiHhJKtinK  ill  tlic  ~toi";  AiiiiiK  is  the  wile  nf 
.lames  StcpliB,  of  roifliiiiil;  Kiiti;  murricil  Diwi 
iJiirckliolilcr,  iiiiil  n^iides  in  South  Tiiulitiii; 
iVIiifjj^ic.  .li'Ssif  mid  Kddif  Hrc  nt  lioine,  and  at- 
tfiidiiii;  Hcliiioi  at  IIili?l)()ioiiirli,>iid  Mrc  Scliul- 
iiicriidi  in  Ftill  iiviiifr.  Ho  is  a  Miisiur  Miisnii,  a 
meiiilier  1)1'  the  iJuinocratic  jiarty,  and  is  a  goud 
saiiiph' of  <  Jreffon's   iiioiiccrs. 

fll.  .lOIlN  W'KLCll,  one  of  tlie  proiiiint-iit 
deiitista  of  tiiL'  c.itv  of  I'orthiiid,  was  l)orii 
at  Miiioral  I'oiiit,  Wisconsin,  Se|)ti'iiilifr 
li{,  ls3().  His  jiariMits,  William  and  .lane 
(l'og<ri'ss)  Wclidi,  wtTu  natives  of  Vir<riniii  and 
Kfntii(d<y,  r('8|ie('tivcly.  William  NVi'lch  was 
ri'iU'i'd  to  a<;ri<'\iltui'«l  piii-siiita.  I>nf  diirinir  the 
lead- mine  excitciiK'iit  in  Wiscoiipin,  in  IH'd'ii,  he 
removed  to  Mincial  I'lfint,  and  followed  mining 
intcrestK  until  IHiW,  and  then  movtMl  to  {!a- 
iiiiiiudie,  Iowa,  and  farmecl  until  18B0,  when  he 
with  his  fon  . John  started  for  California,  cross- 
ing the  plains  with  horse  teams,  coveriiiir  tlu' 
di-tancc  lietween  the  .^^ssollri  river  to  I'laeer- 
vlUe.  Califoinia,  in  just  ninety  days.  They  en- 
gaged in  mininj;  and  continued  in  the  same 
for  four  years,  then  returned,  via  steamer  and 
I'unama,  to  their  dear  ones  in  Iowa.  In  1863 
Mr.  Welch  again  crossed  the  [)lainB  with  horstf 
ti'anis,  liiit  this  time  came  to  ( )rei;on,  brinijin!; 
his  family  with  him,  for  [lernmneiit  settlement. 
After  four  months  of  easy  travel  tliev  landed  in 
(Clackamas  county,  and  here  William  Welch 
pas>ed  his  closing  years  in  agricultural  pursuits. 

John  Welch  received  his  acailemic  education 
at  the  liock  Island  (Illinois)  Seminary.  Hebe- 
gan  tile  study  of  dentistry  with  Dr.  W.  J.  Lau- 
rence, at  Lyons,  Iowa,  and  one  year  later,  in 
1857,  engaged  in  practice  at  Cliillicothe,  Mis- 
souri, and  subsequently  at  Georgetown,  tliesame 
State. 

In  ISB'.I  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  Clem- 
ents, at  Fairview,  Missouri.  Soon  after  their 
marriage  the  young  couple  removed  to  ('liicago 
and  Dr.  Welcii  continued  his  studies  in  the  otiico 
of  Dr.  K.  CartK>nter,  and  remained  with  him 
until  l8tK5  an<i  then  crosseif  the  plains,  with  his 
father  to  Oregon. 

Dr.  Welch  first  opened  his  office  in  Oregon 
City,  where  lie  practiced  until  ls7(),  when  he 
opened  an  ofHce  in   Portland,  but  still   residing 


in  Oreg(>n  (Jity,  continued  both  offices  until 
ISSS,  when  he  purchascil  resident  properly, 
corner  of  Sixteenth  and  Hast  Kverett  streets. 

For  fourteen  years  the  Doctor  has  been  lo- 
cated in  I'liion  i'lock.  corner  of  First  and  Stark 
streets,  and  followed  both  operative  and  me- 
chanical dentistry.  He  also  carries  a  stock  of 
dental  goods,  witli  a  braiudi  stock  at  Spokane, 
and  supplies  tlu>  market  of  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Welch  have  nine  chililreii: 
William  Edward.  M.  I).,  located  at  rittsbiirg, 
Kansas;  Sterling,  deceased;  John,  Harry,  Frank, 
Catherine,  lioiibon,  Annie  and  I'enjamin.' 

The  Doctor  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  I'" 
and  with  the  organizi'tion  of  the  St.ite  Board  of 
Examiners  he  was  apiiointed  one  of  the  four  to 
constitute  that  body.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest 
practitioners  of  Portland,  and  is  well  known  and 
highly  esteemeil  among  his  associates  in  the 
profession. 


IILLIAM  L.  WELLS,  Sheritf'  of  Folk 
county,  Oregon,  isanau.eof  this  State, 
born  in  Marion  connty,  .January  6. 
1859,  the  son  of  an  honored  pioneer. 

Mr.  Wells'  father,  George  A.  Wells,  was  born 
in  Pike  county,  Missouri,  in  1830.  He  mar- 
ried in  Illinois  Miss  IlenriettaTurner,  daught.'r 
of  Laweon  Turner.  In  1853,  with  his  wife  and 
two  children,  H.  F.  and  Mary  S.(iiow  Mrs,  W.  P. 
Heviiis),  both  born  in  Illinois,  he  started  across 
the  jilains  for  Oregon,  making  the  journey  with 
ox  teams,  and  after  a  long  and  tedious  journey 
arrived  at  their  destination  in  September.  He 
settled  on  a  donation  claim  near  Falmouth,  in 
Uenton  county,  where  he  made  improvements 
and  resided  five  years.  He  then  sold  out,  went 
to  Marion  county,  bought  320  acres  of  laiul  at 
Hubl)ard  Station,  and  made  that  place  iiis  home 
until  ISI')?,  when  he  sold  out  and  came  to  I'olk 
county.  Here  ho  purchased  a  farm  at  Buona 
Vista,  and  on  it  has  since  resided.  Their  chil- 
dren born  in  Oregon  are  as  follows:  Sarah  E., 
wife  of  H.  H.  Collins;  Maggie,  who  died  in  her 
second  year;  C.  P.  and  G.  A.,  .Ir.,  fanners  in 
Polk  county;  EinnniJ.,  wife  of  F.  P.  (irounds; 
and  William  L.,  the  third  of  the  Oregon 
children. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  State.  When  he 
became  a  man  be  purchased    land    near    liiiena 


-■■  't-. 


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^-y^y  r^ 


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Hisronr  uf  dhkuos. 


I  •-•la 


Vitta,  1111(1  uiif^Hgud  in  i'aniiiiij<  and  lio|)-nii8iiiir, 
at  wliicli  liu  lias  bet-n  \vi-\  sncocsst'iil.  In  IS^fi 
lin  was  elected  Arisessur,  and  in  that  capai'ity 
nerved  Ids  county  satisfiietorilv.  In  Is'Jdlic  was 
elected  Sheriff  of  I'olk  cimnty,  and  in  1S'J2  was 
elected  to  succeed  hi'nself,  and  is  the  present 
incniiil)cnt  of  that  utfici',  provinj;  himself  a  most 
efficient  officer  and  in  every  way  worthy  of  the 
important  trust  ])hiced  in  him. 

Mr.  Wells  |)iirchas(«l  |iro|ierty  in  Dallas  und 
liuilt  the  attractive  home  in  which  he  and  his 
family  reside.  He  was  married  In  1SS7  to 
Miss  Sarah  F.  Murphy,  a  nativeof  I, inn  county, 
OrefTon.  Her  lather,  II.  W.  Murphy,  came  to 
this  State  in  1852.  Their  two  children  are 
Leroy  and  Klhert.  Mrs.  Wells  is  a  member 
of  tlie  Christian  (3hui'cli.  Her  irriindfather, 
John  E.  Murjiliy,  was  a  Chi'istian  minister,  a 
missionary,  and  a  jiioneer  to  ( )re(ji)ii  in  1852, 
he  lieiiij;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Mon- 
mouth College.  Mr.  Wells  is  a  .Methodist,  a 
inember  of  tlio  1.  ().  ().  1'.,  and  in  ])olitics 
has  been  a  Republican  since  he  has  been  a 
voter. 

fAMKS  M.  ftlLMAX.— All  honor  t..  the 
Tacitic  coast  ])ioneer.  Captain  James  M. 
(lilman,  who  came  to  the  undeveloped  HcM 
in  her  early  setthmient,  seekinir  name,  tame  and 
a  fortune,  in  the  development  of  her  varied  re- 
sources. Amonj;  the  California  pioneers  of 
1849.  and  the  Oreffon  pioneers  of  1852,  we  find 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  who  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  lN2ti.  I.osiiifr  his  mother  when 
but  seven  years  oM,  he  was  taken  into  the  fam- 
ily of  an  uncle,  with  whom  he  passed  his  boy- 
hood. Ills  talent  for  mechanism  was  (tarly 
develojied,  and  it  was  the  hei^^ht  of  his  youthful 
ambition  to  iiiider..  niid  and  run  a  steain-enirimi. 
This  early  inclination  dominated  his  entire  ca 
reer.  Startino  off  with  his  small  bundle  while 
tint  a  lad,  he  walknl  to  Charlestown  and  finally 
to  ^ranchcster,  findiiio  employment  as  an  ap- 
{irentice  in  the  threat  shojji.  of  that  city.  Ilis 
pay  was  §14  a  month  and  board.  Toward  the 
chJse  of  his  five  years  he  received  S2(l.  After 
fnlfillinif  his  time  at  tlie  shops  he  turned  liis 
face  homeward,  anxious  to  .see  his  family,  lint 
more  anxious,  perhujis,  to  see  an  old-time  school 
mate  who  was  dear  to  hie  heart.  At  IJoston 
his  plans  chantfcd;  the  citizens  were  agog  over 
the  oold  excitement  of  California,  and  meeting; 
78 


with  a  company  of  1(10  yoiint^  men,  each  of 
whom  was  putting  up  SHOO,  the  fund  to  be  used 
in  the  |iiircliase  ami  ('(juipment  of  the  ship, 
Leonora,  to  make  the  trip,  young  (iilman  cast 
in  his  lot  with  the  daring  comiiany,  and  set  his 
face  toward  the  I*acifi<!.  The  ship  was  pro- 
visioned for  one  year,  and  tlm  yoiin;;  ii<lventiir 
ers  embarked  l'\diriiary  5,  1840,  and  arrived  in 
the  land  of  gold  July  -Ith  following.  In  the 
ship  were  the  parts  for  a  small  steamer,  the 
New  ICiigland,  which  was  put  fogelher  imme- 
diately after  their  arri\al.  An  oiler  for  Ikm-  of 
SdO.OOO  was  promptly  refused,  and  she  now 
runs  upon  tin  up|ier  liay  and  the  Sacramento. 
Sub.seipiei'tli ,  the  coiniiany  sold  out  and  dis- 
solved, .Mr.  (lilmaii,  like  many  of  the  others, 
going  to  the  mines.  Sickiu'ss  soon  settled  upon 
him.  and  he  was  obliged  to  return  lo  San  l'"raii 
ciscii,  takinir  nassao'e  on  the  old  steamer,  Sena 
tor,  on  her  first  tii|i.  After  his  recovery,  the 
luck  of  the  young  engineer  went  cross-grained 
for  a  time,  and  at  one  lime  he  was  in  the  con- 
dition described  in  the  West  as  "(lead  broke."' 
From  this  slough  he  was  kindly  lifted  by  the 
loan  of  S50  from  his  old  captain,  (ireen.  He 
found  employment  (working  at  tiist  without 
pay)  as  assistant,  and  linally  as  engineer  on  the 
.San  J(ja(piiii.      When  this  craft  lust    her  iiaiful 

ness  and  was  abandoned,  he  bought,  with  a  i i 

pany,  a  small  craft  for  .Sl,0(IO,  which  he  used 
for  towing  barges,  anil  afterward  put  herdii  the 
Oakland  route.  About  this  time  an  Oregon 
man,  James  ^FcCord,  of  the  firm  of  .Vbernethy 
&  Clark,  brought  the  steamer.  Uedding.  for  tow 
ing  vessels  from  Astoria  to  Oregon  City.  He 
prevaili'd  u|ion  (iilman  to  bring  her  ii|i  and  run 
iier  that  summer.  He  accepted  the  .-itiiation, 
hut  with  no  intention  of  nMiiaiiiing  in  Oregon. 
The  Keclding  was  the  first  steamer  on  the  Co- 
lumbia and  Willamette,  although  the  Hudson's 
l!ay  Company  had  a  steamer,  a  'oaster,  which 
rail  up  to  Vancouver.  On  prei  aring  to  return 
to  California,  Mr.  (iilman  fcimd  the  steamer, 
(ieneral  Warren  ready  to  I'ave  .\storirt,  but  re- 
fused th(!  captain's  reipiest  to  take  passage,  and 
a  l'ortuniit(^  i.'scape  this  was,  as  the  steamer  had 
biiiciv  crossed  the  bar  before  she  sprang  a  leak, 
and  Iiad  to  run  upon  the  Clatsop  Sjiit,  where 
she  went  to  pieces  ami  many  ol  the  |iiii-s('ngers 
were  lost.  To  put  in  the  time,  Mr.  (iilman  ac- 
cepted a  |)osition  as  engineer  on  the  Miiltno- 
innli,ontlie  route  to  Oregon  ('ity  (1852).  Three 
year  later,  having  acipiired  that  love  for  the 
Columbia  river,   which    her  majestic  waters   In 


1241! 


IIIHTORY    UK    OllKGON. 


>-|iiiv,  Im  was  eniployed    iijxni   the    I'l'll.  which 
ran    to  tho    l)iilli'8.      Discovt'iinu;  tlic   imiiiniiKU 
piolitrt  (if   riavi(j^^atioti  on  tlic   iippci' ('()liiiiil)ia,  a 
rdinpanv  "as  ornaiiizcil,  aii<l  Alessrri.  Aiiisworth, 
Kaiiiiii  ami  (iiliiiaii   bi'iran   the  constriictioii  of 
thi>  (Jarrif  I-aild.     'J'his  was   Iniilt  in    the   most 
Biiht^tantial  niamier,  indeed,  witli  tlie  c.\|H'C'tation 
that  she  could  run  tiie   ni|)ids   at   the   (Cascades. 
This  was  the  heijinnini:  of    the   ()roi;on  Steam 
Xa\  i;,'atioii  Company,  which    is   the  <rrtfat  com- 
jiaiiy  of    river   and   ocean   steamers  centerinjf  at 
i'ortiand,  and  lias  lieeii  one  of  the  most  distinct- 
ive Oreijcn  or;;ai.izationb  ever  estalilished.     It 
has  made    Portland,  and   tlironjrji   it    the  <rreat   j 
fortunes  of  the  State  liave  ix^en  huilt  up.     With    ! 
the  increase  of  liusiness  the  company  added  new 
steamers,  huilt  the  railro!\<l  around  the  cascades   I 
and    the    Dalles,  and    the    y)n>tits    became   very   i 
^reat.  anio\inliMj,r  to   !S1,0()0  a  nuintli.     Captain   ' 
(rilman  remaineil  with   the  cuni|)an\       ir   many   ■ 
years,  investing;  his  money  in  PurtUm  I  property 
to    goml    advantage.      lie    hnilt    the    (Tilman 
House,  one  of  tiie  leading  iiotels  of  the  city. 

.Vfter  fiv(!  years  on  the  coast,  ifr.  (iilman  re- 
turned to  his  native  town,  and  niarrie<i  an  old 
schoolmate.  I.aura  F.  Graves,  with  whom  he 
letnrned  to  his  home  on  tlie  Willanuitte.  They 
have  oidy  one  child,  Ida,  the  wife  of  Albert 
McK'innc. 

Captain  (Tilman  liieti  July  lit,  18U1,  his  wife 
having  preceded  him,  leaving  his  estate  to  his 
daughter  and  her  children,  llavinji;  seen  Port- 
land  grow  from  one  hoiisi'  to  a  prosperous  city 
of  75.000  people,  the  (^iptain  had  abiding  faith 
in  her  ultimate  greatness  as  tlie  metropolis  of 
the  Northwest.  His  career  should  be  a  lesson 
to  young  men.  His  heritage  was  liut  the  gift 
of  all  New  JMiglanirs  sons  thrift,  perseverance 
and  integrity,  but  by  closely  adhering  to  a  ti.'ied 
princi])le,  he  attained  the  full  measure  of  his 
success. 

fK( )  r:GE  W  A  LTK  i{,  proprietor  of  the  Rogue 
liivcr    Prewery,  is  a  native  of  (Germany, 
born  March  1),  1830.      He  was  reared  and 
educated    in    liis    native  country,  and  came  to   \ 
America  in  1S54.     lie  spent  tlie  first  year  in   ' 
New   York,    but   came    the    following    year  to 
Oregon,  and  located  at  Portland  in  1^51).    While   : 
here  he  enlisted   and   parliei|iated  in  the  Indian 
w.ir.      He  ne,\t  locate(i  at  .lacksonville.  Jaekson 
county,  and  Ironi  tiiere  went   to  San  Francisco,  j 


California  .Vbout  this  time  lie  paid  a  visit  to 
his  old  home.  From  IS.")7-'58  he  was  a  butchei', 
and  in  18(5.")  he  returned  to  ( >regon  and  estab- 
lished the  above  uame<l  brewery.  Here  he  has 
carried  on  a  good  business,  althougii  his  trade 
is  confineii  almost  exclusively  to  the  county. 
He  has  a  wagon  delivery  and  does  a  large  re- 
tail business.  The  brewery  has  a  manufacturing 
capacity  of  tivt*  barrels  daily,  and  the  product  of 
this  lirewery  is  considered  to  be  very  tine. 

He  has  been  marrieil  twice,  and  by  his  last 
marria^'e  h((  has  five  ebildren,  namely:  .Mary, 
Lula.  HeiMiian,  Augusta  and  Minnie. 

Politically,  he  is  a  strong  advocate  of  tiie 
Farmers'  Alliance  party,  ami  is  ipiite  active  in 
the  interests  of  it.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A. 
F.  &  A.  M.  in  all  the  degrees,  of  the  A.  ().  U. 
W.,  I.  <).  (>.  F.,  and  Ivniglits  of  Labor. 

Mr.  Walter  is  a  man  of  plv.gl■es^ive  views,  and 
is  thoroughly  posted  on  all  the  topics  of  the  day. 
.\bove  all  things  ho  is  a  stanch  advocate  of  the 
e(juality  of  all  men. 

fOEL  W.VItK.  Prominent  in  the  history  of 
Lane  county,  we  find  tlic  subject  of  tiiis 
sketch,  who  was  born  in  Mahoning  county, 
Ohio,  in  1S.'}2.  His  parents.  A^;l  and  Sarah 
(Crew)  Ware,  were  natives  of  New  .Jersey  and 
Virginia.  res|)ectively,  and  sub.se(juently  settled 
near  Salem,  Ohio,  wliere  Mr.  Ware  engag-d  in 
farming,  and  they  passed  their  lives  in  this 
(juiet  way. 

JoLd  was  11(1  content  with  the  lit- that  he 
led  with  his  parents,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1802,  pining  for  change,  he  started  tor 
California,  across  the  plains,  and  reached  the 
land  of  his  desire  in  September,  landing  at  Sa- 
cramento. He  began  his  life  in  the  new  country 
by  bookkeeping  and  printing  in  the  office  of 
the    I>ee,  which    was    started  as  a    Kej  ublican 

gaper,  an<l  is  still  in  wide  circulation  over  the 
acramento  valley.  He  continued  in  the  office 
until  1857.  He  then  went  by  water  to  Oregon, 
and  locatt>dat  Eugene  (Mty  in  1858.  He  then  en- 
gaged in  the  printing  business,  and  established  a 
Ilcpublican  papercalled  the  People's  Press,  which 
was  reorganized  by  the  party  ancl  circulated 
throughout  the  State.  Severing  his  connection 
in  18(')1,  he  entered  the  Surveyor  (Tcneral's  of- 
fice as  chief  clerk,  tilling  that  position  for  nine 
years.  In  March,  l^fi.1,  lu'  entereil  into  part- 
nership  with    Harrison    U.  Kiiicaid,  and  estab- 


iiisniity  (IF  (iiiKdos 


ViM 


isit  t.) 
teller, 

lu  lias 
trado 

)iit)ty. 
re- 
iiirino 
net  of 


lislied  tlie  Oregon  State  Journal,  and  eoiitinmui 
his  cmuH'ction  with  the  jiiiitcr  iiliniit  a  yoar, 
perfonniiiir,  nieunwhili',  lii.s  duties  in  tlm  survey- 
or's ottii-e.  In  1870  ho  was  ult^cted  (Mork  of 
Lane  county  on  the  ltu|)ubli(',in  ticket,  and 
tliony:li  the  county  was  Democratic,  he  was 
elected  continuously  and  tilled  that  i)o>ifion  for 
twenty  years,  wiicn,  in  IS'JO,  ii.,  refused  further 
nomination.  lie  tiien  cnjiaged  in  a  liind-oflice 
business,  in  honiestciidini^  and  olitainiu:;  pat- 
ents. He  has  400  acit^s  of  land  near  Irviuij, 
and  a  stock  and  fruit  farm  in  the  Mohawk  val- 
ley, with  valuable  I'csidencc  property  in  Kuijone. 
Mr.  Ware  was  married  in  Wiisliinirton  Terri- 
tory, in  1801,  to  Hlizabetli  Cocliran,  daughter  of 
James  II.  ('(xdiran,  a  ])ioneer  of  ISaii.  Tliey 
have  five  children:  William,  Frank  A.,  Freder- 
ick F.,  Mary  and  Joel.  He  is  a  memlier  of  I. 
().  ()    I'"..  in(duding  the   Kncaiiipmeiit,  and   the 

A.o.  r.  W. 


(UTHUU  WAKXFU,  deceased,  an  hon- 
ored Orei^on  pioneer  of  185:2,  an  esteemed 
_^_  citizen  of  Oregon  City,  and  a  widely  and 
favoial)ly  known  public  man.  was  the  second  s(Ui 
of  John  (7e<u'ge  and  Ann  Warner,  an(l  was  born 
at  Walton,  on  the  'J'hames,  Surrey  county,  Fn- 
irland,  April  17,  1828.  lie  was  reared  and 
educated  in  his  native  city,  and  learned  the  c.ar- 
jienters'  trade. 

In  1840,  on  attaining  his  majority,  he  emi- 
grated to  the  United  States,  and  worke(l  at  his 
tra<le  for  some  time  in  Hnffiilo,  New  York, 
later,  going  to  (linciunati.  Ohio.  In  1852, 
when  the  extreme  West  was  offering  indu<!e- 
ments  of  importance  to  poor  but  intelligent  and 
energetic  men,  he  emigrated  to  Oregon. 

Arrived  at  his  destination,  he  tirst  located  in 
Fola,  where  he  Ituilt  a  saw  and  grist  mill,  and 
met  with  very  encouraging  success  in  business. 
His  attention,  however,  was  smuewhat  (liv(v.-ted 
from  this  channel  by  the  sly  god  of  love.  Cu- 
|)id,  who.  safely  en.sconced  in  the  bright  eyes  of 
Mifs  I'Jizabetii  Kiser,  soon  led  him  e;lptiv(^ 
(Tracefnlly  surremlering  to  the  inevitable,  ho 
wediled  this  fair  and  amiable  lady  on  November 
2;i.  1854.  and  soon  afterward  sold  his  interests 
in  Fola  and  romove<l  to  Oregon  VM.y.  He  here 
fornnid  the  ac(juaintanc(M)f  Ma joi'  Thomas  Thar- 
man.  with  whom  he  eng.aged  in  the  mercantile 
business,  whi(di  they  carried  on  successfully  for 
a  year,  when.  Mr.  Warner's   health   failing,   the 

rtnership  was  disBolved  by  n.nlual  consent. 


pa 


Mr.  Warner  then  decided  to  go  for  rest  and 
recreaticuion  a  visit  to  his  relatives  in  Fngland. 
After  a  year  sjient  agreeably  and  with  gratify 
ing  results,  he  returned  to  this  country  ,and  to 
Oregon  City,  and  rcunoved  with  his  family  to  a 
farm  near  the  city. 

lieiiig  a  man  of  superior  aliility.  of  exalteil 
iuteyrity.  well  educated  and  progressive,  hi'  at 
onc(^  nuide  a  d('e|i  impi'cssion  on  his  ,'i('i|uaint 
ances  and  neighbors  in  Clackamas  county,  and 
soon  became  a  leader  anmug  (lumi.  In  ls7l 
this  fact  was  emphasized  by  liis  tdection  to  the 
otHce  of  Sheriff  of  the  county,  and  this  prefer- 
ence was  ratified  by  his  rc^-election  at  the  ex- 
piration of  histerm.  He  afterward  representeil 
his  county  in  the  State  Legislature  for  a  lei'fo. 
displaying  in  this  ca])acity  his  usual  excellent 
jiniguient  and  probity  of  charact<'r. 

Ili^  health,  which  was  never  r(d)iisl,  coni  iniied 
to  fail,  until  timilly.  (Ui  August  Lt,  18S',),  he 
died  in  the  midst  of  his  family  iind  friends,  in 
his  si.xty-first  year.  Hy  tiioBo  to  whmu  tlie 
welfare  of  their  city  and  State  was  most  dear 
this  event  was  considered  a  ]>ublie  calamity,  as 
an  indomitable  champion  of  universal  right  was 
laid  low.  Members  of  Multnomah  Lodge.  No. 
1,  .\  F.  &  \.  iM.  to  which  he  had  belonge(|  for 
years,  took  a  prominent  part  in  his  obs((|uie8. 
His  loss  fell  heaviest  on  those;  g(Mitle  beings  who 
had  been  most  intimately  associateil  with  bin', 
and  who  knew  best  his  wcu'th. 

Three  children  are  deccase(l :  .\lfreil,  Surrey 
and  Imo.  Annie  is  now  Mrs.  .Mfred  iving,  and 
resides  in  Ilwaco,  Washington.  Two  children, 
Ilideli  ami  Arthur,  reside  with  their  mother  on 
the  hoiiu'  farm,  which  the  son  is  mamigmg. 
Another  son,  (Jeorge.  is  a  primiinent  biisineBS 
man  of  Oregon  City.  He  was  born  August  2(i, 
18()7.  and  was  reared  on  the  home  farm,  attend- 
ing the  public  schools,  and  gradiniting  from 
Armstrong's  Ihisiness  College,  in  I'ortland.  in 
1888.  He  was  first  engaged  in  the  salmon 
canning  business,  when  he  afterward  I'airu'  to 
Oregon  City,  and  purciuisiMl  a  haH'-interest  in 
the  furniture  ent.-i  prisi;  of  Mr.  liolman.  the 
firm  becoming  Hohnan  iV  Warner.  They  have 
met  with  encouraging  siu'Ci-ss.  and  mic  doing  a 
general  fnrniiure  and  uiulert.aking  business. 
Hoth  of  the  members  of  the  firm  are  eiiterpris 
ing  young  men  of  ability  ami  integrity,  ami 
have  the  confi<lence  of  the  entire  community, 
by  whom  they  are  liberally  jiafronized.  Mr. 
Wiinu'r  is  an  active  imnnber  of  the  i?oanl  of 
Traile  of   Oregon    City.  i<    public  spirite<l,  and 


I'>48 


ll/STOnr    OF    OIIFOON 


11 
II 


taken  II  deep  iiit('i-o»t,  in  liK-al  ami  Stiitu  alt'airs, 
as  wi'll  an  ill  tliuPc  of  liis  wliole  ("(Hiiitry.  Hu 
in  a  liij^iily  rc-iiiecteJ  ineiiiln'r  oi'  tin-  Kniirlits  of 
Pytliias.of  which  nnhtr  ho  is  Prehit(!. 

The  ahilitii's  and  i^xaltml  ri'iiiilation  of  tlio 
futlicr  rather  oversliaihiw  tlio  a('ciiiii|)lishiiieiit« 
of  th(f  soil,  hut  a  clos*!  atialyi^iH  of  their oliaracturs 
woiilil  show  that  they  iiad  iiiiifii  in  coiuiiioii. 
Tlicre  is  the  same  incisive  ju<lf;;riuMit,  ilelicale 
sense  of  lioM'  ,  incontrovertilile  proiiity  of  char- 
acter, hijfji  morality  and  iinil'oriii  kiiullinessof 
iiiunner,  all  of  which  have  irained  for  the  present 
representative  of  tlm  family,  as  they  did  for  the 
former  lii^ad  and  heloved  meiniier,  the  universal 
esteem  of  his  fellow-nien. 

I^X^'^ 

fOlIN  11.  liOWLANI),  a  prominent  farmer 
and  stock-dealer  of  lieiitoii  coiitity,  Oretjon, 
is  a  native  of  Jackson  county,  ilissouri, 
where  ho  was  horn  <  )ctoher  iU),  18H4-.  lie 
comes  of  a  loiitj-lived  and  imiiierous  family,  their 
ancestry  datiii";  hack  to  early  colonial  times. 
His  paternal  grandfather  was  a  hrave  and  dis- 
tinmiislu'd  soldier  in  the  Uevolntionary  war, 
piirticipatinif  through  the  entii'e  time  of  that 
famous  striiirgU-  for  independence.  His  father, 
Clark  Rowland,  who  <lied  in  1848,  was  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania;  while  his  mother,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Allies  Harper,  was  a  native 
of  Tennessee,  and  died  wlieii  the  suhject  of  this 
sketch  \vas(initc  young. 

Mr.  Rowland  was  reared  in  Missouri  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  si.xtet'n  years,  when,  in  185"2, 
he  caine  to  California,  locating  in  Sierra  county. 
Tln-re,  lie  turned  his  attention  to  stock-raising, 
and,  hy  good  management  and  close  attention 
to  husinesp,  succeeded  in  accumulating  a  com- 
petence. He  remained  in  California  ahont 
eighteen  years,  when,  in  1870,  he  came  to  Hen- 
ton  county,  Oregon.  He  now  possesses  (iOO 
acres  of  choice  agricultural  land,  located  four 
miles  south  of  Corvallis.  ;i50  acres  of  which  is 
devoted  to  general  farming,  with  one  an<l  a  half 
acres  in  a  prune  orchanl  two  years  old,  hesides 
a  small  fumily  orchard  in  tiearing.  I'esides 
this,  he  owns  sixty-eight  acres  adjoining  the 
town,  where  he  has  ten  acres  planted  in  prune 
trees,  and  contemplates  planting  ten  acres  more 
of  the  same  variety  of  trees;  the  remainder  of 
the  tract  is  devoted  to  general  farming. 

Mr.  Rowland  was  married  in  I'enton  county, 
on  .Inly  iiO,  l^t)8,  to  Miss  Rozella  Lewis,  a  na- 


tive of  Oregon.  Her  father,  llayinen  C.  F.ifwis, 
crossed  the  iilains  to  Oregon  in  1845.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Kowland  have  seven  children  living: 
William  .11.,  Frank  C.,  (yharles  W.,  Mary  E., 
George,  Tlunnas,  and  James.  One  son  is  de- 
ceased. 

Politically,  Mr.  Rowland  is  a  Democrat,  and 
was  elected  County  Corninissioner  in  ISSiJ,  serv- 
ing in  that  capacity  for  one  term,  displaying 
marked  ability  and  energy.  He  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest  in  school  matters,  and 
served  for  about  five  years  as  a  meinher  of  tlio 
School  Hoard,  District  No.  14,  giving  eminent 
satisfaction  to  all  coucorned. 

Socially,  he  is  allied  with  the  F.  &  A.  M. 
hlue  lodge  and  chapter. 

Whatever  success  Mr.  Rowland  has  attained 
in  life  is  due  to  his  own  exertions,  lahoriously 
applied  and  persisted  in  with  rieterniination. 
Ilis  many  sterling  (pialities  of  intoiloct  and 
heart  have  gained  for  him  the  universal  esteem 
of  his  commniiity. 


<•>?> 


W.  n.  SAMSOX,  the  prompt  and  ro- 
liahle  Sheriff  of  (;lackamas  county, 
*  was  horn  in  Somerset  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, July  2,  1842.  Hia  father,  Henry 
Samson,  was  also  a  native  or'  Pennsylvania,  of 
(lernian  descent,  his  ancestry  coming  to  Amer- 
ica settling  in  the  Keystone  State  in  its  I'arly 
history.  Tlu^  grandfather,  Richard  Samson,  was 
a  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  and  stood  the  rigors 
of  that  trying  winter  at  Valley  Forge.  Mr. 
Henry  Samson  married  Miss  Ellen  Boyle,  a  na- 
tive of  his  own  State,  and  had  eleven  children  of 
whom  six  are  living;  two  sons  and  fonr  daugh- 
ters, all  in  Oregon.  Tho  family  came  to  Ore- 
gon in  185ii.  overland,  settling  in  (Uackainius 
county,  on  the  Mollala  river  and  on  a  donation 
claim,  huilt  a  small  log  house  and  hegan  pioneer 
life.  There  was  no  schoolhouse  nearer  than 
Oregon  City,  and  the  subject  of  tiiis  memoir  did 
not  have  the  advantages  of  a  school  education. 
At  the  ago  of  seventeen  jears  he  could  not 
write  his  name.  He  worked  with  his  father 
until  they  paid  all  their  delits,  and  then  he  went 
to  school.  He  learned  rapidly,  anil  was  quali- 
,  tied  to  teach  school  in  a  snort  time.  His  first 
school  was  at  (rliul  Tidings  schoolhouse,  and  he 
contiuned  there  for  thirty-five  terms!  in  Clacka- 
mas and  Marion  counties.      He  has  a  sister  who 


lIlHTttliY     OF    DIIKdOS. 


1249 


Mr 

•iiig: 

!•:., 

.Ic 

niid 
serv- 

I  ways 

and 

tiio 

iiii'iit 

M. 


Imw  tuiiglit  tiftv-fievni)  Ummms;  she  is  now  the 
wife  ot' Alluift  lloigi'rity,  I'csiiliiii;  iit  Uiiiiitinii. 
AftiT  his  coiitimiou.'*  iinil  biicw^smI'hI  toHciiinfr  for 
KO  many  tei'iiis,  liu  (filtered  into  winti'act  to  carry 
tho  mail  hetwi'cn  <  )remiii  City  and  Wiliinit 
S|)rings.  Tlieii  iiu  was  I)('|iMtv  SiuM-iir  tor  fuur- 
tuen  years,  and  next  was  I'loctcd  Shcrifl',  l)y  tiio 
liOpnlilicans,  riinninfj;  far  ahead  (if  his  ticket. 
lie  served  two  years  and  was  rt;  eh'cted,  and  lie 
is  now  serviiij;  liis  seeond  term,  lie  lias  heen 
a  jiolite.  energetie  and  reliahle  otlicer.  Ina(hli- 
tioii  to  the  usual  duties  of  Sherilt'  lie  has  had 
the  oounty  taxes  to  eoileet,  and  lie  has  tilled 
this  resp(;nsilile  position  in  a  most  creditahle 
manner.      Ilis  honds  are  §iJ(),(K)(). 

Mr.  Samson  is  a  mt'iiilier  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity; is  j'ast  Master,  and  is  also  a  Koyal 
Arch  Mason.  In  the  1.  <).  ().  F.  he  lias  passed 
all  tiie  chairs,  and  he  is  an  otlieer  and  a  Trustee  of 
the  A.  ().  U.  W,  As  a  voter  he  cast  hia  first 
vote  for  Ahraliani  Lincoln  for  I'resident  of 
tlie  Knited  States,  and  ever  since  then  he  has 
been  an  active  Kepnhlican.  Durinj;  tho  jfreiit 
civil  war  he  was  active  on  the  side  ot  the 
Union;  was  Orderly  Serf^eaiit  of  a  company 
that  was  organized  in  ()ref;oii  to  prevent  se- 
cession at  home.  liotli  his  own  life  and  that 
of  his  father  were   threatened   at   that    time. 

Financially.  Mr.  Samson  has  heen  successful. 
He  has  invested  in  land,  and  now  lias  three 
farms,  iigf^refratiufj;  ahout  KOO  acres,  on  which 
are  raised  irrain  and   stock. 

In  18M;{  lie  was  married  to  Miss  .Iidianna 
K.  I'orter.  a  native  of  Oreiron,  ami  the  daii^jhter 
of  Stephen  Porter,  a  pioneer  of  IN-t?  and  a 
man  of  prominence  in  his  county.  .Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Siimson  have  one  daughter,  named  Echo 
W.  V. 

fUGKXK  I).  WHITi:,  one  of  Portland's 
most  progressive  and  enterprising  citizens, 
is  a  native  (d'  the  State  of  Oregon,  horn  in 
Clackamas  county.  Octoher  KJ,  1S51.  lie  is  a 
son  of  the  Hon."  Samuel  S.  White  (see  hist 
ory  elsewhere  in  tliis  volume),  and  was  reared 
on  the  tarni  his  father  located  in  1845.  lie  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  coiiimnn  schools  of 
Forest  City  and  Portlaml.  and  hegaii  his  hnsi- 
ness  career  in  the  Jatter  city  in  1S8().  o|ienin^f  a 
real  estate,  insurance  and  money  loaning  otlice, 
the  lirm  name  heing  FeriT  i^:  White;  Inter  it 
was  Ferry,  White  iV  Co.,  and    in    18H1    hecaine 


Kiigono  I).  White  &  Co.  In  addition  to  this 
enterprise  wlii(di  Mr.  White  has  conducted  with 
signal  success,  he  is  connected  with  some  of  the 
most  important  corporations  of  the  city ;  he  is 
president  of  the  Citi/eiis"  Investment  (Company, 
is  president  of  the  Commonwealth  Invc-lmeiit 
Company,  is  president  of  the  Portland  I'nilding 
iV  Loan  Association,  and  is  secri'tui'y  of  tho 
Portland  Railway  Conipany.  of  whiidi  lie  is  also 
a  director.  For  the  past  eleven  years  h(«  has 
heen  handling  niany  of  the  large  additions  tu 
the  city  of  Portland,  .\lways  loyal  to  Inmio 
interests  and  home  enterprise,  he  has  aided  very 
materially  in  the  growth  and  de\eloprneMt  of 
X\w.  city,  and  it  is  to  men  of  such  hioad,  piihlic 
spirit  that  hei'  present  prosperity  is  owing. 

.Mr.  White  was  marriei!  in  lS7li  to  .Miss 
Funice  (iiltnei-,  the  oldest  daughter  cd'  .1.  S. 
Ciiltner,  of  I'orthind,  and  they  have  had  horn 
to  them  one  son,  Kiigene  <i.  Our  worthy  suhjixit 
is  a  meitiher  of  thcMasiuiic  fraternity,  and  has 
attained  all  the  degr'es,  to  and  including  tho 
thirty-second.  Scottish  Itite. 


tFNUV  WllITF.  who  came  to  this  Slate 
as  early  as  1851,  and  in  honor  of  whom 
the  town  of  Wliiteson,  Vain  Hill  county, 
was  named,  was  horn  in  Pennsylvania,  April  :2H, 
1811.  of  Fiiglidi  ancestry,  who  settled  in  Aiiier- 
iea  prior  to  the  Uevolution.  Charles  White 
was  horn  in  Priiiisylvania.  and  Henry's  father, 
liohert  White,  was  horn  in  Virginia.  The  lat- 
ter married  .Miss  Flizalicth  Hraiinon,  a  native  of 
Peniisyhania.  and  had  six  sons  and  two  dangli 
ters,  of  whom  (i\e  are  still  living. 

Mr.  White  of  this  sketch,  the  third  child  in 
the  ahove  t'ainily,  moved  first  to  Ohio  and  after- 
ward to  Indiana  and  Missouri,  and  at  length 
came  to  Oregon,  with  oxen,  in  1851.  hringiiig 
his  family  along  with  him.  He  setllcMl  lirst  in 
.Marion  county,  on  what  is  called  the  Waldo 
Hills,  .\fter  a  fi^w  years  he  rMww  ami  setth^d 
on  land  just  across  the  river  from  Wheatland; 
and  after  a  few  years'  residence  there  he  pur- 
chased the  :iO(l  acres  of  land  upon  which  Uio 
town  of  Wheatland  is  situated;  and  after  a  res- 
idence there  of  four  years  he  sold  out  and 
hoiight  the  :5(K)  acres  of  choice  land  where  Im 
now  resides.  Through  this  property  the  narrow 
gaiiiM'  railroad  has  heen  Imilt.  Mr.  White 
subdivided  a   p(Mtion   of  his   l;ind    for  a  villago, 


1250 


niSTOUr    UF    OHKdON. 


and  it  was  niitncil  WliitoKnii.  in  his  hoiiin'.  as 
iilrcjiily  htiili'il.  It  is  a  beautiful  town  site,  now 
liavirii^  a  hotel  aiitJ  a  few  stores,  iiiid  a  e.ori'e- 
sjiondini^  iiuiulier  of  I'esideiiees. 

Wiiileat  Wheatland  Mr.  White  Iield  the  ottiee 
of  .lu.stice  of  the  i'eace.  lie  is  now  in  hi* 
eif;hty-Hrst  year,  lie  Ims  heeii  a  harilworkiiig, 
lioMoriihh!  cilizen. 

.Mr.  White  was  iiiiirried  in  N'ohle  county, 
Indiana,  Marcii  'IX,  ls:it),  and  liad  eiirjit  '■hil- 
ilren.  While  crossing  the  plains  his  little  son. 
live  years  old,  fell  from  the  wa;;on  and  hroke 
his  lej;.  .Ml  the  snrvivinj;  n'oniUers  of  the 
family  are  liviiia  in  this  State.  The  eldest  son 
died  when  ahout  for'v  years  of  acre;  .Andrew  .1. 
has  a  family  and  resides  in  the  i'ast(!rii  part  of 
the  .State;  Uolierr  re^ides  in  .Me.Minnville.  a 
fanner;  William  Iv  .  «  ho  is  at  himie  with  his 
lather,  was  horn  ii'  1850,  ?narried  Miss  Lizzie 
'I'aehan,  a  nativ.'  of  Iowa,  and  is  now  runiiin<); 
th(^  farm  and  imiiiii  for  his  aged  ])arents  (His 
iiiotlu'r  is  atilieted  with  paralysis,  and  his  father 
is  hlind,  thouirh  still  of  active  intellect.)  One 
of  the  danj^hters,  Mary  W.,  married  .1.  N.  Stan- 
ford, hail  one  child,  and  died  in  IS74;  Sarah  F. 
hccanie  the  wile  of  I' rank  Shepherd,  and  resides 
in  the  eastern  [Hirtion  (d'  Oregon;  Kinily  mar- 
ried .Matthew  < 'oolycr  and  resides  in  McMinii- 
ville;  .Vnnis  married  John  I'orter  and  resides 
in  Marion  county,  on  her  father's  old  donation 
I'laim. 

J||||a[lLl,I.\M  WIIITI,0(;lv  was  born  in 
wranlH  London,  Knoland,  November  27,  1825. 
r  ^tS  lie  was  educated  in  his  native  city  and 
learnetl  the  trade  of  copper-plate  printer.  lie 
was  married  in  his  native  city  to  Miss  Honor 
Marks  Smith,  July,  1848.  The  ceremony  was 
performed  in  St.  Alichael's  Church.  Shortly 
after  the  marriage  they  took  passage  upon  the 
shij),  Columbus,  for  V^mcouvcr,  Hritisli  Colum- 
bia. They  made  the  passage  around  the  Horn, 
hut  the  vesscil  sprang  a  leak  before  n'aehing  its 
destination  and  they  were  obliijed  to  land  at 
the  Sandwiidi  islands  and  renia'Tied  there  three 
weeks,  then  sailed  for  \'anciuver's  islanil,  wlicre 
tlicy  remained  eight  months,  during  which 
time  their  first  son,  William,  was  born,  .Inly 
21,  1849,  and  was  the  first  white  child  born  on 
that  island.  .Mrs.  Whillock  was  the  first  white 
woman  that  landed  (mi  the  island.  Tiiere  was 
•n»i.'l,..r   '•'.•   -M    ti'o   cUi...  1,1, f   Af.-s.  ■'Vliiflock 


was  the  first  to  land.  On  the  (ith  of  the  fol- 
lowing November  they  sailt^l  on  the  John  W. 
Carter,  to  go  to  Astoria,  but  landed  at  Oak 
Point,  where  he  worked  at  a  sawmill  at  %f) 
per  day;  Mrs.  Wiiitlock  helped  in  the  house, 
while  he  worked  in  the  mill.  They  canity  to 
Oregon  C/ity,  where  they  arrived  Soptend)er  15, 
1851,  and  opened  a  boarding-lKuise  on  Main 
and  Ninth  streets.  It  was  an  eight-roomed 
house.  Mr.  Whitlock  took  '.'xre  of  the  guestH 
and    attetided    tt)     the    outs  nnitters,   whilo 

the  little  pioneer  wife  die'  e  cooking  ami 
they  took  care  o)  many  of  '  men  wdio  after- 
ward became  famous.  December,  1852,  their 
second  son,  Hdward  Henry,  was  born.  In 
IS53  Mr.  Whitlock  purchased  a  building  on 
.Main  street  and  o|)eiied  a  store.  Their  goods 
were  j)nrcha.-e<i  in  San  Francisco.  He  did  a 
successful  business  for  three  years  and  then 
sold  out  and  clerked  in  the  store  of  Charles 
Pope  k.  Co.,  later  clerked  in  the  store  of 
.Vinsworth  &  Deardorf.  Some  time  later  he 
and  his  wife  opened  another  eating-house. 
In  18(i()  they  returned  to  England  and  visited 
their  friends  and  returned  to  San  Francisco 
and  remained  two  months,  and  then  returned 
to  Oregon.  For  some  years  prior  to  his 
death  he  was  engaged  in  the  merchandise 
trade.  He  served  as  ('ity  Recorder  for  six 
years  ami  also  was  Justice  of  the  Peace;  'at  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  Alderman  of  Oregon 
(,'ity.  Mr.  Whitlock  was  reared  a  member  of 
the  Established  Chiireh,  but.  there  being  no 
church  of  his  faith  in  Oregon  City,  he  joined 
with  the  (Jongregationalists,  who  needed  help 
and  he  soon  became  an  imj)ortant  factor  and 
served  as  Clerk  and  Trustee,  and  .".iso  was  Su- 
perintendent of  the  Sunday-school.  For  six 
years  he  served  as  se.xton  of  the  church,  ringing 
the  bell,  sweeping  the  building,  making  the 
fires  and  often  furnishing  the  wood  and  oil, 
thus  becoming  a  ru-cessity  to  it,  keeping  it 
alive.  They  bnilt  a  j)ar6onage,  and  he,  while  in 
his  last  sickness,  obtaitied  a  |iromise  from  his 
wife  that  she  would  not  allow  the  house  to  be 
sold  for  the  debt  the  church  owed  u|)on  it, 
even  if  she  had  to  seltle  the  claim  herself;  and 
this  promise  was  readily  given.  His  death  oc- 
currwl  June  19,  188:J,  when  he  was  fifty-eight 
years,  six  months  and  twenty-two  days  of  age. 
In  his  death  his  family,  the  church  and  the 
county  nu't  a  with  severe  loss. 

The  city  officials  passed   resolutions,    speak- 
in":  of  him  as  a  man  of  the  highest  integrity 


lllsniKV    Oh'    iHiKIION. 


VSi{ 


hikI  Hcnt  a  letter  of  ityinpathy  to  his  hereiived 

wife,  and  lit  his  fiiiii'riil  tliu  liiisincss  pliiccs 
(if  tho  town  Were  clo-cil.  His  wife  f^till  livfs, 
ill  her  iioiit  little  eotliif^e.  sihtoiiikU'iI  hy  the 
Ihiwers  that  she  teiiils,  in  the  l)€iiiitifiil  city 
of  which  whc  liaB  so  loiij^  heen  an  homired 
resident.  >She  liad  liueii  a  faitlifiil  helpiiiatu 
ill  every  kimihc  of  the  word,  working  hard 
wiiih'  tliei'c  was  iit<eeBsity  for  it.  Hoth  her 
sons  are  nmrried  and  reside  in  Orej^on  City. 
Mr.  Wiiith)ck  was  a  ijreat  factor  in  the 
hiiildinii  nil  of  tlie  city  in  whidi  he  lived, 
always  (.rivinif  lilieially  toward  all  iiiiprove- 
iiients  tiMidiiig  to  hiiild  up  the  town.  IJe  was 
a  man  well-known  all  over  tin;  States  of  Ore- 
jjon  and  CaliforiiiH,  and  stood  liiffh  in  all 
liiisiness  circles,  lie  was  a  man  of  stronj^ 
convictions  and  always  tearless  for  the  right, 
and  one  of  the  liest  friends  to  the  poor  and 
<lowntroddeii  of  all  rac(!s  or  color,  and  hcljied 
many  a  iioor  man  who  is  now  wealthy,  and 
was  one  of  the  liest  and  most  loving  of  men 
to  his  family. 


?()I1N  M.  WATERS,  a  California  pioneer  of 
1849,  WHS  horn  ni'ar  the  hanks  of  Lake 
Erie  in  ,\shtal)iila  <'onnty,  ( )liio,  .luiniary 
21,  1833.  His  ancestors  wer<'  amoiif;  the  ear- 
lier settlers  of  Rochester,  New  V(;rk,  and  linilt 
the  first  Hour-mill  in  that  prosperous  city.  His 
parents,  William  and  Rachel  (Co.\)  Waters, 
were  natives  of  Rochester,  siihseijiiently  emi- 
grating to  Ohio,  and  in  1845  to  Ilemy  comity, 
Iowa.  There  Mr.  Waters  engaged  in  farming, 
jis  he  had  in  the  several  places  in  which  they  had 
lived.  In  1848  the  family  was  hroken  up  liy 
the  death  of  Mrs.  Waters,  ami  in  the  sjiring  of 
1849  John  iM.  Waters  started  out  for  the  "West 
with  his  Ill-other  and  a  friend,  Edward  Ford. 
The  three  fitted  nji  a  horse  teiini  and  started  out 
across  the  plains  for  California.  They  joined  a 
train  of  twenty-two  wagons  and  made  a  rajiid 
trip,  covering  the  distance  hetweeii  St.  Jo.so|>li, 
Missouri,  and  Sacramento  in  105  days,  arriving 
August  7,  following.  John  met  with  a  painful 
accident  early  in  the  journey,  hreakng  his  leg. 
but  after  riiliiig  three  days.'crutches  were  con- 
structed, and  upon  these  lie  walked  across.  They 
began  mining  :.t  llangtown  and  were  among  the 
discoverers  of  the  big  bar  on  the  Cosuiniies 
river,  which  subse(|uently  proved  very  rich. 
Owing  to  his  accident  John  M.  was  not  able  to 


do  iiiueli  mining,  8o  hired  out  to  drive  n  ti  am 
between  llani;tiiwii  itml  Sacramento,  fur  two 
inonihs.  and  at  the  end  of  thai  time  leluriuMi  lo 
the  mines  ami  built  the  lirst  cabin  at  ••  Mad 
Springs"  in  the  fall  of  18411.  There  they  spent 
the  winter  and  his  brother  William  die.l.  In 
the  spring  of  the  next  year.  John  boiiohl  a  leam 
and  dio\('  to  Redilin<,f's  iliggings  ami  IhIIhwimI 
teaming.  siili>e(|iienl  ly  going  to  San  l''rioicisco, 
where  he  emliai'keil  by  ship  in  .lanuiirv.  ISoil, 
en  route  for  Oregon.  Ila'  ,ig  arrived  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Mini  <'ounty,  and  built  the  tirst  house 
in  the  present  town  of  llarrisbiirg.  In  J8r)S  he 
went  to  .losephine  coiinly  ami  engaf,'ed  in  farm- 
ing. This  occupation  he  followtvl  one  year  and 
then  returiMMl  to  llarrisbiirg  and  puri'hii.-.id  an 
interest  with  Jack  Hall  in  the  old  mill.  'I'liey 
ciirrieil  this  on  until  IS(;2,  and  tliiMi  Hall  sold 
his  interest  to  Asa  A.  M<'(;iilly.  hrollicr  in-law 
of  Mr.  Watcj's.  and  the  new  tirni  continiieil 
until  1S77.  when  .Mr.  Waters  sold  his  in- 
terest and  removed  to  I'rowiisville  ami  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  ISrowiisville  Elonr  Mill. 
They  increased  the  capacity  by  re]ilaciii;;  the 
buhr  mill  by  the  roller  process.  The  mill  was 
afterward  sold  to  the  wooh^i  mill.  He  then 
joined  the  Albany  Woolen  Mill  Com|)any  in 
huililing  at  .VIbany.  where  ho  still  holds  inter- 
ests. Ill  ISiil  he  «as  one  of  a  syndicates  lo 
liuihl  a  'JO'l-liarrel  mill  at  Seattle,  but  the  eiiter- 
jtrise  was  too  groat  for  their  caiiital.  ami  they 
closed  out.  Mr.  Waters  has  valuable  land  in- 
terests at  Merlin,  Jo8(*|iliiiie  county,  besides  tinu 
residence  (iropeity  at  Hrowiisville. 

He  was  married  in  18.")4  to  Miss  Klleii  Moose, 
a  pioneer  of  18o2.  Tlu^y  have  four  children, 
Mary  J.,  wili.  of  J.  |{.  R,  Moreiock;  RiuOicl  L., 
wife  of  W.    R.  ( 'artwrif^ht;  .loliri  and  William. 

Mr.  Waters  is  a  member  of  the  blue  lodge, 
chajiter  and  commandery  V.  it  A.  M.,  and 
A.  O.  r.  W. 


-^#' 


'?•!.•-.  A=a_ 


fllANDl.KR  I!.  WATSO.X  is  among  the 
most  worthy  memherB  of  the  bar  of  south- 
ern Oregon.  He  is  a  man  of  nnassuining 
disposition,  and  es]ie<'iaily  reipu^sts  that  no  un- 
due praise  sliouhl  be  given  him  in  le  produc- 
tion of  this  article.  While  we  will  endeavor  to 
comply  with  his  recjiiests.  there  are  soiiu'  facts 
regarding  the  history  of  this  gentleman  which, 
in  ;)ur  judgment,  should  be  set  forth  in  a  work 
of  this  charactirr. 


I  '^'>'i 


lllHTOIiY    OF    (tUKUOS. 


Siiicn  liiH  iiilvciit  iiitd  the  Statu  of  Orcfjon, 
III'  liiis  lici'ii  iiiii'  iif  it-i  iniixt  |iiililic-s|iirit('il  uikI 
|>iiigi('ssivi'  citi/.fiis,  fs|iriMiilly  in  tlii-il(\il(i|iiiin- 
of  iiiiiiin}f  rii*inin:i'H  nf  HoiitlRTii  <  )i'c(^(iii,  nl 
llmiigli  liis  cM'iMitivc  aliilit)'  in  iitlitT  dc^ntuH 
lilts  lid!!!  Iii^lily  iMTilitiililc  t<i  liiiii  in  otlit-r 
purts  of  tlic  Stiitn. 

Ak  nil  iitlortu'v  lit-  liiis  liccii  duly  rt'coffiiizt'd 
as  an  alilf  and  (■oiirti'iiMitiDiis  [iraclitioin'r,  Ixitli 
imioiif^  till'  iii('iiil)cn*  of  tlic  It'^al  fiatiTiiity  and 
tlic  iiiililic  al  liirof.  Ah  a  iiiaii  of  literary  iiliil- 
itv  lit'  lias  alsl^  lii'i'ii  liii^lily  lioimrcd,  not  only  in 
llli^  Statu,  Init  iilso  in  (!alifornia.  I'rior  to  liin 
last  study,  lit"  also  lias  hat!  many  years  exne- 
rieiice  in  jiiiiriialislic  circdus,  and  during  tliat 
time  has  |irodiieeil  many  al>le  and  viilnalile  pro- 
ductions of  a  statistical  and  historical  mitiirc,  hut 
owinir  lo  liick  of  space  we  will  not  ffo  into  de- 
tail in  this  notice,  hut  in  jnstico  to  him  will 
stale  thai  from  early  hoyhood  he  has  hceii  an 
active  and  indnslrioiih  worker,  both  montally 
ami  physically.  A  hrief  resiime  of  his  life  and 
various  clianires  imiy  not  he  amiss  in  the  sket<di 
ol  this  nature. 

•Ml-.  Wal-on  was  horn  near  i'ittstiold,  I'ike 
county,  Illinois,  Novenihur  24,  1841).  His 
paternal  anceslors  were  of  Scotch  and  Welsh 
<'xtriiction,  whose  advent  to  America  antedates 
the  Uevohitionary  clays,  his  f;randfather  havinjt; 
imrticijiated  in  the  hattli'  of  Lundy's  l.ane. 
riie  Watsons  first  located  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  t'handler  I'.  Watson's  parents  were 
William  T.  anil  .laiie  (Mitchell)  Watson.  The 
former  a  native  of  Indiana,  while  the  latter  was 
of  <  Ihio.  She  was  of  Kiiolish  extraction,  her 
people  heinj;  amon^  the  pioneei'w  of  the  Buck- 
eye State,  Her  j^randfather,  Charles  .Mitchell, 
was  a  pioneer  ot  Vermont,  and  was  connected 
with  the  early  Indian  wars  of  Iiuliana. 

The  snhject  of  this  ;l,etch  was  the  second 
child  in  the  family  of  nine  children. 

lie  received  a  liljural  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Logan  county.  Mo  came  to  Califor- 
nia in  1870,  and  locateil  at  Woodland  in  Yolo 
county,  where  he  remained  one  year,  thence  to 
Ashland,  Orej^on,  where  he  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1877.  lie  was  one  of 
the  Presidential  Kloctors  of  1880,  and  had  the 
honor  of  carrying  the  State  vote  to  Washington. 
.\fter  the  inaufjuration  of  (ilartield,  he  returned 
holm-  and  was  appointed  Collector  of  Customs, 
in  188'2.  for  the  district  of  soutlu'rn  Ore^ron, 
with  hcadiiuarters  at  Goos  I'ay.  This  position 
ho  tilled  for  three  years. 


.Mr.  Watson  Is  ii  staiudi  helievor  of  the  .lack- 
son  principles  to  thi^  vii^tor  Ih-Ioui;  the  spoils; 
and.  in  coiisc([uence,  was  the  first  collector  in  the 
United  States  to  t(Mider  hi.s  resignation  after 
the  election  of  ['resident  ('leveland.  lie  wb8 
Deputy  Prosecuting  Attorney,  at  Astoria  for  a 
jieriod  of  two  years. 

After  returning  to  the  city  of  Ashland  lu!  re- 
sumed his  |)rofeHsioiial  practi<'e,  and  was  the 
candidate  of  his  party  for  rroseciiting  .\ttorney. 
He  has  always  taken  an  aittive  interest  in  the 
W(dfar(!  of  his  Jiarty,  it  lieiiig  the  He|)ulilicaM, 
and  liiis  eaiiviissed  this  section  several  times  hy 
the  reijiU'st  of  the  Central  ('onimitteo.  At  the 
present  time  Mr.  Watson  is  devoting  most  of 
[lis  time  to  the  developing  and  mining  prosper- 
ity, hoth  (jiiarry  and  placer  mining;  Ihe  lesidtB 
ot  past  and  prtwent  investigation  have  U'eti 
highly  satisfactory,  and  Im  has  great  faith  in  the 
future  dev(dopinents  of  Jackson  comity. 

.Mr.  Watson  was  united  in  marriage  at  Ash- 
laud,  .Sopteudier  1,  18()4,  with  .Miss  KM,-.  < 'hit- 
wood,  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  II.  Chitwood,  who 
hii  ited  in  ( >regon  in  187~.  They  have  two 
children:    Lilly  and  Warren. 


J.  SAWTELL,  of  Molalla,  Oregon,  is 
the  pioneer  and  pnjsjjerons  teasel-growor 
|<*  <d'  the  I'acitic  coast. 
Mr.  Sawtell  is  a  native  of  England,  where  he 
was  horn  October  '12,  1831),  a  descendant  of 
English  ancestry.  He  was  educated  in  his  na- 
tive land,  and  there  learned  the  teasel  husiiiess. 
He  landed  in  America  in  1858,  and  alter  re- 
maining in  Canada  a  year,  cainc"  in  1859,  direct 
to  Clackanuis  county,  Oregon,  where  he  pur- 
chased 310  acres  of  land.  Three  of  his  broth- 
ers bought  land  adjoining  hira.  In  1860  he 
sowed  tlio  first  teasel  seed  on  this  coast,  having 
brought  seed  with  him,  beginning  on  a  small 
scale  to  see  if  he  could  produce  a  good  article. 
The  experiment  proved  satisfactory,  and  he  at 
once  began  to  iu".rease  his  facilities  for  his 
chosen  business,  and  has  carried  on  the  same 
successfully  up  to  the  present  time.  lie  is  the 
only  man  engaged  in  this  business  west  of  the 
Rocky  monntains,  and  we  uniy  liore  state  that 
teasel  has  only  been  raised  in  the  United  States 
since  18.")0.  Mr.  Sawtell  now  has  2"J0  acres  de- 
voted to  teasel  growing,  employs  120  men  to 
gather  his  crop,  and  has  twenty-one  men   in  his 


niSTOUr    l)h'    OHKilttS. 


IIh; 
thr 
!'ti-r 
was 
III'  II 

I'O- 

tho 

tiiiv. 

tl'iu 

III, 

I'V 

tllir 
f 

IIT- 
SIlltH 
Ix'tMJ 

1  the 


liii'jiL' frtctory  »'iij{i»j{i'(l  ill  tlu!  |)n'|mrtioii  nt'  tin* 
tuftHt'l  for  iimrkct.  As  liio  uifttililicliiiiciit  in  tiiu 
only  one  in  tlui  Went,  and  iih  liis  |ii'(i(|ii('t  is  iisi-il 
cxtciisivelv  in  tiic  iimnnfiictm'c  di'  all  wmdIi-ii 
goods  I'cijiiiring  a  naii,  it  limls  a  iciiily  inarki-t 
on  till!  coast.  Mr.  Siiwtcll  tlioi'oiiohly  iindtsr- 
stands  liis  liiisiiii'ss.  Iln  is  ilin  invontui- of  iiii- 
])roved  iiiacliint'ry  for  his  work,  and  in  Ids 
im'tory  puts  up  tdirlittuMi  ;;radt'i  ot   toascds. 

Of  [lis  private  life,  wc  state  that  the  snlijeet 
of  our  sketeh  was  iimrried  March  2i{,  l><li!l,  to 
Miss  l'',li/.a  K.  Dililiie,  a  imiive  of  the  State  of 
Iowa,  daughter  ol  Horace  I  Ulihle.  The  |)il)lili! 
t'aiiiily  came  to  tiiis  8tiite  in  1852,  and  now  re- 
resides  on  the  Molalla  plains.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Sawtell  have  one  dulighier,  Ivn  May,  who  is  now 
attending  school. 

He  and  liis  wife  are  charter  iiieinlpers  of  the 
(iriin^e,  and  he  is  Overseer  of  the  order.  He 
is  in  politics  a  Ue)»nlilican,  hut  is  ipiite  independ- 
ont  in  his  vimvs.  A  man  of  inteority  and  ex- 
cellent liiisiness  (pialiticatioiis,  he  has  won  liis 
way  to  success  and  gained  for  hiniseif  an  eiivi- 
ahle  reputation. 

fACOI!  WOKTMAN,  a  prominent  factor  in 
the  growth  and  jirosperity  of  McMinnville, 
an  (ireifoii  pioneer  of  l>sr)2,  and  the  founder 
and  president  of  the  First  National  Hank  of 
McMinnville,  is  a  native  of  New  lirnnswick, 
where  he  was  liorn  March  I'.t,  1827.  His  father, 
.lohn  Wortman.  was  of  (iernian  ancestry,  who 
was  l)orn  in  New  Brunswick,  and  married  Miss 
Rebecca  ("aine,  a  native  of  England.  They  had 
six  chilclren,  five  of  whom  are  now  livinir. 

When  the  suhjectof  this  sketch,  who  was  the 
second  child,  was  lint  two  years  old.  his  jiarents 
removed  to  Ohio,  whieii  was  then  a  wild  and 
sparsely  settled  country.  Here  they  resided  un- 
til 1838.  when  they  ai^ain  removed  this  time 
farther  west,  to  Iowa,  \vher<!  our  snliject  was 
reared  to  manhood,  and  where  he  received  his 
education.  His  mother  died  in  Fowa,  in  1838, 
soon  after  their  removal  to  that  country,  while 
his  father  surviveil  her  nine  years,  expiring  in 
184-7.  lamented  hy  many  friends. 

While  yet  young,  Ixd'ore  reaching  manhood, 
he  was  left  miich  to  his  own  rcHonrces,  andsnji- 
ported  himself  by  working  as  a  farm  hand,  re- 
ceiving 50  cents  a  day,  or.  wlien  he  worked  by 
the  month,  SIO  and  board. 


Ill  1850  III'  was  niarricil  to  Mis*  Klizii  Ann 
Stiimho,  a  native  of  \'irninia.  a  nnmt  wurthy 
coinpanion,  who  eontrilnited  by  gooil  ailvice  and 
iinluslry  to  his  success  After  two  years  of 
farming,  they  secured  the  nieaii>  with  which  In 
procure  an  ontlit  for  cri»'.ingthe  plains  In  Ore 
goii,  when  tiiiiilly,  with  a  covered  wagon  and 
live  yoke  of  oxen,  his  wife  ami  eldest  (inii,  .iolin, 
who  was  tliiMi  an  infant,  in  eompanv  with  forty 
other  wagons,  he  started  on  the  long  and  ha/, 
ardons  journey  across  the  jilains;  nnd  with  lii> 
long.  o\  whip  on  his  shoulder,  he  male  iiio-t  of 
the  journey  on  loot.  Tliat  year  the  cholera  was 
epidemic,  and  the  many  newly  made  graves 
along  the  route,  where  a  cuiistanl  reminder  of 
the  very  great  risk  they  were  Incurring,  and 
had  he  not  been  accompanied  by  his  luinily  Mr. 
Wortiimn  would  not  I'ave  undertaken  the  jour- 
ney. The  eoin|)any  were  prepared  agaiiii-t  an 
attack  from  the  Indians,  and  stati<ine<l  a  giiiiiil 
eve;  y  night,  t  prevent  siirpii-e  and  po-sible 
(l.'predations  friim  the  ii'd  men, 

I'inally,  on  September  I!),  ISo'J.  they  arii veil 
in  I'ortland  viithont  money,  s'i'angers  in  a 
strange  land:  but  with  healtli.  cnurage  and 
willinj'  hands,  tln^y  began  the  battle  of  life,  He 
at  lirst  worked  by  the  day  at  odd  jobs,  and  was 
finally  hired  in  a  livery  stable  at  sjllo  a  immtli, 
an<l  in  this  way  lived  safely  through  that  lir^t 
seveie  winter  in  Oregon.  In  the  spring  he  took 
a  donation  claim,  lociiteil  tin  the  Willamette 
•iver,  situated  aliont  seven  miles  south  of  <  tie 
gon'Cify.  It  was  covered  with  heavy,  line  tiin 
her.  <iut  of  some  of  whieli  he  built  his  cabin,  and 
when  all  was  completed,  took  possession  of  it. 
That  .-iimmer  he  made  a  small  clearing  and  in 
the  tall  obtaineil  employment  on  the  river  as  a 
boatman,  beginniiig  as  a  ileck-hainl  on  the 
steamer  Oiegoii.  A  year  later  he  was  promoted 
to  the  p<isitioii  of  mate,  in  which  capacity  he 
continued  for  nini;  years.  At  the  end  of  this 
time,  in  I8('i-1,  he  opeiu'd  a  grocery  store  in  Ore 
iron  City,  continuing  in  that  business  for  ten 
years,  meeting  with  remarkable  success,  and  be- 
coming one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the 
city.  IJesidcB  this,  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  wo(den  factory,  tlie  first  institiiti  mi  of  its 
kind  in  the  State,  and  an  eiiterjirise  which  (i  is 
contributed  iiiiudi  to  the  general  prosjM'rity  of 
the  muniei|iality. 

In  187t  he  sold  his  biisiiiehs  interests  in 
Orei'on  ('ity  ami  removed  to  .Junction  (ity. 
Lane  county,  where  he  opened  a  general  mer- 
chandise store,  after  whiidi  betook  his  ^ons  into 


ir.4 


uiaro/n  iiF  iiiih'iioN. 


|mi'tiu>rHliip,iindiUrtMl«Moond  store  in  Koiiton 
cciuiity,  MK'i'tiii^  with  imiKt  lliilti'ring  riii<'c(!i«H  in 
liotli  cntrrprixuB. 

l''illHil},    ill     ISHl,    lie    iciiiovcij    to    McMillli 
villc,  wiii'i't'  ill'  lit'ciiiiii'  tlic  I'lHimli'i'  iiiKJ   |ii'iii<'i' 
iiiil  owner  (if  liii'  I'iisl    Nnfi(pniil    itii'ik,  tlic  tii'Kt 
ill  tile  coiiiitv.      Niiici'  '\\h  (■•^tiililii-liiiiciit.  lid  lm» 
I II  its  |iri'Mi>lt'iit  iiMii  iiiiiniip'i',  anil  Iiiih  Ihm-m  of 

very    J»l'Cllt     llhslHtllllCC     to   tin'    l)ll«illl'fiS     ItMli    '.•o|l|. 

iiu'i'ciii!  iiitfi'csth  of  tilt-  (Miiiiity,  iiiui  iiiiH  (lone  u 
liirp-  an<i  I'miiiiiicrHtivi'  liiiHineHs.  lie  now  owiik 
n  vi'i'v  ffrcnt  niiioiint  of  iiiiiil<  Ktocli,  rciil  fi-tiitu, 
iiiiii  (itlicr  liiisiiifMH  iiitd'i-HtK  ill  I'ortliinil,  iiiid  in 
otlirr  lilacCF'  lit*  irt  one  <if  till-  stoi'lvlioliltTS  ol' 
till'  I'liii  II  MIock,  one  of  the  tii'Ht  Hiilwtantiiil 
liiiililiiii^s  ill   McM  liinvilli'. 

'liiree  of  Ills  soiih  were  lioi-n  in  Oregon:  John, 
the  I'hIeHt,  wiix  liorn  in  Iowa,  and  is  now  a 
pi'oniineiit  nieinher  of  OjilsiV  Kiiiif,  ii  well- 
known  (ir^'-irooilH  eotahliKhinent,  of  I'ortliiiiil, 
whieh  is  one  of  tiie  hirjjest  retail  stores  of  the 
inetro|i(iliH;  Kiank,  the  seeoml  son.  is  a  |ihy»i- 
cian  ill  I'ortliinil;  .lacoii  Z.,  is  a  professor  in  the 
.\<'aileiiiy  of  Natural  Scienees  in  New  York; 
ami  Ilardey  ('.  is  witii  his  hrothi'r  in  the  iiier- 
eiinfiie  InisineHs  in  I'orthind. 

Mrs.  Wortinan,  the  faithful  partner  of  her 
Inisliand's  care  and  joys  for  forty-two  years,  is 
still  his  eoin])aiiion  is  liis  prosperity,  ns  she  was 
formerly  a  sharer  of  ids  poverty  and  toil. 

Mr.  Wortinan  has  heeii  a  consistent  ineniiier 
of  th(!  Iie])iihliean  party  since  its  or^aiiizatinii, 
and  during  the  e.\eitenieiit  in  his  State  over  s(i- 
I'ession  and  the  war,  was  plantdl  like  a  rock, 
tirnily  on  tli(!  side  of  the  ( iovcirnnient  and  the 
I'liion.  In  apiireciatioi.  of  his  many  admirahle 
(|nalities,  his  constituents  have  twice  electeil 
him  Mayor  of  McMinnvilUt,  hut  he  has  never 
eriived  political  position.  He  is  a  proininent 
inemher  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  to  the  wel- 
fare of  which  he  is  ever  ready  to  contrihutc. 

Of  iiiiiinpeachahle  fidelity  and  intejirity.  sii- 
jierlor  hiisinoss  ability,  and  courteous,  ohliirin^ 
manners,  he  enjoys  the  respectful  regard  of  his 
fellow-inen.  •  , 

^-m-^ . 

SUA.NK  WOOD,  a  resident  of  Alhany,  Ore- 
oon,  washor.;  in  Iliitlaiul,  Vermont,  in  ISS.B, 
and  is  descended  from  the  Puritan  settlers 
of  New  Kngland.  His  ifrandfather  was  Chief 
Kni.;iiieer  under  (-leiieraKieorge  Wash iiifjton,  and 
diiriiif^'   the  einhargo  of  the    Hudson   river   he 


Htreti'hed  across  the  rivi  r  a  cliaiii,  each  link  of 
which  wei^heil  IIOII  |)<iuiii|s,  and  tliiix  preventeil 
Kii;^lisli    vessels   from  iiHcending  the  IIiicIhoii. 

Mr.  Wood's  parents,  (Cephas  and  Mary  (  Wil- 
C()\|  Wood,  Were  iiiitivcn  of  Vennont.  Ilis 
father  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  was  engaged 
in  ai.!i  icnltnral  pursuits  in  N'ernioiit.  From 
tlieie  he  moved  to  Illinois  and  liiiie;lit  school 
until  IHH),  when  lie  joinc^d  the  overland  tide  of 
emigration,  landing  in  (California  after  a  six 
months'  journey.  He  at  once  engagecl  in  mill- 
ing, and  soon  afterward  opened  a  trading  poHt 
in  Trinity  county,  where  he  mined  ami  traded 
until  iStiiJ.  'riiiit  year  he  returned  to  Illinois 
and  eiigage<l  in  inercanlile  pursuits  at  lilooming- 
toli,  reiiiaiiiing  there  until  IS7I).  I'ailing  health 
then  caused  him  to  return  t<i  California,  where 
he  died  in   IHTH. 

The  ^nliject  of  our  ski'tch  received  his  educa- 
tion ill  Rutland,  lioston  and  in  Illinois.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  liegaii  learning  the  Mack- 
smith  trade,  whiidi  ho  followed  until  1S.")4,  wdion 
he  starti'il  for  California,  via  New  V'ork  and  the 
Nicaragua  route.  He  was  on  the  isthniiis  dur- 
ing the  liattle  hetween  ( 'osta  Uica  anil  Nicaragua, 
and  in  the  excitement  all  liif<  haggiige  was  stolen. 
Proceeding  to  8aii  Francisco,  he  went  from 
there  to  Trinity  county,  joined  his  itlier  and 
engaged  with  him  in  his  trading  and  other 
interests.  In  IHoS  Frank  began  mining,  and 
for  ten  years  followed  that  occu|)ation  with  the 
usual  miner's  luck  —sometimes  rich  and  some 
times  without  anytliing.  He  found  one  gold 
nugget  that  weighed  si.\  anil  a  half  pounds,  but 
such  finds  were  scarce  indeed. 

In  1H(18  Mr.  Wood  came  to  Oregon  and  lo- 
cated in  .iosephine  county.  He  rnii  a  black- 
smith shop  there  one  year.  Then  he  came  to 
Albany,  built  a  shoj),  and  continued  work  at  his 
trade  iiiifil  18H0,  wiien  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  marble  business,  importing  stone  from 
Uiitland,  Vermont,  and  subsequently  from 
(Jeorgia.  This  business  he  continued  until 
1892. 

In  1870  Mr.  Wood  discovered  a  stone  quarry 
in  Henton  county,  a  iiiih^  and  a  (jiiarter  north  of 
Albany,  wliicli  he  thought  would  some  time  be- 
come valuable.  In  1887  he  purchased  the  site, 
twenty-three  acres,  and  began  develojiiiig  the 
(liiarry.  getting  out  building  stone,  the  first  be- 
ing used  as  a  foundation  for  a  buililing  put  up 
by  kS.  E.  Young  in  Albany.  With  the  develop- 
ment of  this  stone  it  is  found  to  possess  many 
points  of  value,  being  much  superior  to  the  usual 


uisroin    OH"  (iitHdits. 


i'.'."i.t 


ink  iif 

Clltcil 

Kin. 
Wil- 
li iV 
KiiKf'l 

I'VdMl 

8*:llOol 

illf  (if 

It    Hl'x 

niiri- 

pOHt 

laiiud 
liiiiiiH 

"i"K- 
-iilth 

wIk'i-o 


inmliitiinL-.     SIn  ncrtix  liiivc  Hlrtmily  Iioimi  iIi'vi;!' 

i>|i(m|    iiikI     oIkiw    It    ili>|illi    (if     ir)()    fl'l!).       Ill>     JH 

(f(|iii|i|iin)r  llic  i|uuri'Y  witli  <ti<iiin  drill  iiml  Htuiini- 
hoiHtiii)r  woi'kH,  iiml  will  himiu  Ik*  rcHilv  t(i  cnii- 
triicl  I'll!'  Iinililin^'  |iurpi>ni's.  Itn  loi'iitinn  \»''n\a 
(inly  tliicc  i|imi'li'rt<iit'  II  uiilf  I'l-oin  the  Williiiiirllt' 
river.  i'lii'ii|i  iiii^l  lU'nlnilili'  t4'iinH|i(M'taticin  iit 
iill'dnU'il.  Ovuilyiii^  tin'  !»liiii('  (juiiriv  i"  ii  lint" 
cliiy,  fuitiililf  for  line  [ircf^i'i'il  lirirk  nr  vitrifli'cl 
liriik  fur  |iiiviMjj  |)iirp(i!^fs.  K\|icriiniMith  [itdvo 
thin  cluv  ti'  !'•'  |iiisMt'nsi'il  III'  Kn|iriior  (|iiiilitit'K. 

In  18s")  the  .Stiitc  of  Oregon  (li-siii'il  to  jirc 
Kontn  niutiKiriiil  tiililct  to  Ik;  net  in  the  Wiihliinir. 
ton  nidniiiiK'nt  iit  WiiMliiii^rton.  District  (f 
( 'olninliia.  Mr.  WckhI  Hceiircd  t!n' contriict.  hiiiI 
t'min  liin  own  niiiirry  [inicliiccd  ii  htoni-,  four  iii  il 
n  Imll  fci't  lonj.;,  two  fciM  wide  and  i\  incl.rn 
thick.  On  tlii>  lie  curved  a  cciitiT  piece,  vpui- 
Ktintin^  till!  cniit  of  urniH  of  iIk-  Slatein'  Oreijon, 
whicli  was  surrounded  liy  enilijenis  re|ir.'»eiitiiif{ 
ajjriciiltiire.  Iiortienltnre,  mining,  tlowen*,  ferns 
and  {»ra9Bt'n  -all  d'jHcriptivc  of  the  rcKmirccH  of 
<>rei,'oii.  Thin  ir.  mw  of  the  tineHt  Ktones  in  the 
ini'ininiL'iit 

,Mr.  Wooil  was  niarried  in  'I'liidly  I'.oiiiitv, 
(Jalifoniia.  in  IHIil.and  Ijan  three  cliildreM,  vi/.: 
Frank  N.;  Klleti,  wife  ol  Williiiin  Henderson, 
(if  Oakhiiid,  California;  and  .Vfary,  wife  of  Will- 
iaiii  Pleifer. 

In  political  iiiatterH  .Mr.  Wood  is  a  Uepuli- 
liean,  and  is  an  active  worker  in  the  ranks  of 
his  jiarty,  not  however,  lieiiifr  an  office  seeker. 


aAJ()U(iK()K(}K  WILLIAMS. a  hanker 

and  one  of  the  rejiresentative  Imsiness 
men  of  Salem,  (Jregmi,  is  a  native  of 
Findlay,  Ilancdck  county,  Ohio,  where  lie  v. as 
born  on  the  5th  of  Ajiril,  ISSSI.  He  is  the  son 
of  Klijah  Willi,.ni8,  a  proniint>nt  Ohio  lawyer. 
His  mother  died  when  he  Wdf  (juite  y(inii<r.  after 
which  his  father  redoiihled  his  care,  ^iviiij;  his 
education  and  personal  traininfj  his  very  closest 
attention.  Tritil  he  xa»  twelve  years  of  a^^e  he 
attended  the  piihlic  schools  of  his  native  town. 
In  1851  he  removed  with  his  father  to  Orejfon, 
itiakipfi  the  trip  across  the  plains.  Hero  he 
finished  his  education  at  the  Willamette  I'ni- 
versity,  the  president  then  lieinjj  \\w  Rev.  Dr. 
K.  S  lloyt.  While  a  student  here  lie  exhihited 
the  most  talent  and  aliility  in  mathematics  and 
meelianie.al  engineering. 


Hefore  any  detinite  plans  for  In-'  life  could 
he  made,  the  great  civil  war  linrst  u|iiin  the 
coniitry,  and  like  a  true  son  of  Ohio  and  of 
.\meri(!a  he  tendered  h'x  services.  He  juiniMl 
tiie  .\riiiy  of  the  I'oloiiiac.  and  aooii  liecmne 
conspicuous   as  an    elticieiit    and    iicll\c    soldier. 

<  111  April  I  I.  ISti'.'.  he  was  made  Si nd  l.ieuti  ii- 

anf  of  the  Fourth  lid'antry,  and  wii"  soon  after 
iippoiii'ed  Fir»t  Lieutenant,  and  on  -iuly  '2. 
IstlU.  was  made  Captain.  He  pirticipated  in 
the  liattle-  of  Second  Mull  Itiin.  Antietam, 
Fredei'icksliurg,  Chancidlorsviile  and  (iettvt*- 
luirg.  and  it  »•a^  while  heroicidly  eii;;a;.'ed  in 
the  hitter  noted  liattle  that,  on  the  'Jd  of  July, 
IstWJ.  he  received  the  wound  whiidi  resulted  in 
the  lor>  of  hi^  rij;ht  leg.  wliiidi  terniiii)ite(|  his 
further  servic,  in  the  war.  His  alteiidants 
testify  that,  joined  to  his  pli\>ical  pain  and 
siilfering  was  the  mental  torture  he  exnerienced 
at  the  ihoiight  of  his  disahilily  to  further  con- 
tinue in  till-  service,  the  cause  of  which  ap 
peared  to  him  so  just,  and  the  success,  and  linal 
triumjih  of  which  lie  so  ardently  desired.  .\fl(M- 
four  months  spent  in  the  hospital,  he  so  far  re 
eoM'red  as  to  he  alile  to  i-eturn  to  his  home, 
which  he  did  on  the  1st  of  .Nmeiiilier,  I'SOi?. 
After  the  (dose  of  the  war  he  ser\('d  as  .\id  (le- 
Cani|)  to  (ieiieral  Freil  .Steel,  at  \'aiicouver, 
Wyoiiiiiif;  Territory,  and  performed  the  same 
service  for  (ieiieral  L.  I!,  lioiisseaii  and  (i'Mieral 
Ueoriie  Crook,  I'liili^d  States  Army. 

In  1S7T  the  linn  of  Willimns  iV:  F.n^land  was 
formed  in  .Sulem.  and  for  years  they  ciiiidiict(Ml 
a  suc(tessful  real-estate  and  money  loan  in;,'  liusi 
ness.  until  189(1,  wdien  they  o|ienei|  the  li;inl,iiig 
house  of  Williams  iV  Fn^^lnnd.  .Major  Will- 
iams was  also  one  of  the  oroani/ers  of  the  State 
Insurance  Company  of  <  )regoii,  Im^Iii;;  one. of  its 
directors,  and  of  wdiich  he  is  treasurer.  His 
liusiness  experience  has  heen  a  veiy  successful 
one,  in  the  various  ventures  in  which  he  has 
en^'ajred.  .Major  Williams  cast  his  first  presi- 
dential vole  for  tlieilistingiiished  patriot,  .\liia- 
liam  Lincoln,  since  wliiidi  time  lie  has  faithfully 
adhered  to  i\w,  kepiihlicaii  parly,  and  feels  a 
just  |ii-ide  in  hi-  |)arliei|iation  in  the  electing  of 
such  illustrious  men  as  Lincoln.  Crant,  Oai'iield 
and  Harrison  to  the  first  otiice  in  the  land. 
Aside  from  his  vote  and  influence  for  his  party, 
the  principles  of  wliiidi  he  vigorously  espoiisim, 
he  takes  no  further  interest  in  jiolitical  atl'aiiM. 
lie  li.'is  the  courage  of  his  eonvictiniis.  his  in- 
deiieiidence  of  character  being  respected  alike 
by  friend  and  foe.    He  has  never  been  an  office- 


I>i 


1236 


lUtiTOHY    OF    OHKGUN. 


seeker,  but  Inisies  liiinself  witli  liis  own  affairs, 
Imviiifj  the  I'l^piitatioii  of  heiiiff  h  man  of  excel- 
lent liusiness  judirinent.  He  is  tii'in  in  liis 
friendshii)  to  i^ocxl,  true  and  honest  men,  ile- 
spisin^  sham,  outward  show  and  pretense  of 
every  kind.  In  IHSS  he  was  elected  Mayor  of 
Sideni,  in  which  Ciij)aeity  he  served  to  the  liosl 
of  his  ability  tor  two  years.  He  is  deeply  in- 
terested in  the  projrress  of  his  city  and  .State, 
and  never  fails  to  sup{)ort  any  enterprise  winch 
lias  for  its  object  their  benefit  and  develojiinent. 
He  is  a  jjroniinent  and  highly  esteemed  member 
of  the  (i.  A.  U. 

Major  Williams  was  married  on  the  25111  of 
April,  1872,  to  Miss  Hmma  Adams,  a  native  of 
"\ani  Hill  county,  <  )regon,  the  eldest  and  only 
surviving  daughter  of  Hon.  S.  C.  Adams.  Her 
f'alher  came  to  Oregon  in  1850.  He  was  a 
Christian  minister,  and  was  elected  to  the  Ore- 
jfou  State  Legislature.  He  is  the  author  of 
Adams'  Illustrated  History  of  America,  and  is 
one  of  Salem's  most  respected  citizens.  Major 
and  Mrs.  Williams  have  three  childrtni,  all  born 
in  Salem:  I"' red  S.,  Lucy  \.  and  Dick  W.  They 
reside  in  a  handsome  and  comfortable  home, 
situated  near  the  State  Capitol  in  Salem,  which 
is  provided  with  and  surrounded  by  all  tla^  im- 
i:"oveinents  which  refined  taste  can  suggest  or 
abundant  means  can  gratify.  Here  they  reside, 
secure  in  the  respect  and  esteem  of  their  fellow- 
citi/ens. 

S^i^t'V?**^' 

fASON  WHEKLKK,  an  Oregon  jjioiu^er  of 
1847,  and  now  an  honored  resident  of  Al 
bany,  was  born  in  Ohio,  August -t,  182i}. 
S(](iii  after  his  birth  the  family  moved  t(»  New 
\(irk,  locating  near  Syracuse.  His  parents. 
Deliverance  and  Margaret  (Court)  Wheeler, 
wert^  of  Knglish  descent  and  :iatives  of  Vermont 
and  iNew  York,  respectively.  Thi  father  was 
I'Ugaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  all  bis  life. 
His  death  occurred  in  ls3i. 

The  edneation  of  our  subject  was  very  limited, 
owing  to  the  inferiority  of  the  schools  of  those 
days.  His  s(di()ol  reader  in  childhood  was  the 
New  Testament,  which  was  followed  by  the  old 
English  ri>ader,  anti  his  other  books  were  only 
primary.  With  tiie  death  of  his  father,  as  the 
family  was  large,— numbering  eight  sons,  -and 
the  resources  small,  Mrs.  Wheeler  offered  her 
sons  tlieir"time."  .lasoii  was  the  second  child  and 
nt  that  time  was  eleven  years  of  age.  He  has 
ever    since    supported  himself.     The    first  two 


years  he  worked  for  his  board  and  clotlu^s,  with 
the  promise  of  three  months'  schooling  each  year. 
The  three  months,  howe"er,  were  cut  down  to 
about  ei.x  weeks.  With  advanciiiii  years  he  se- 
cured  small  wajjes,  but  the  hiirbest  he  received 
by  the  year  was  !?S  per  month,  being  at  that 
time  eighteen  years  of  age  and  doing  a  man's 
work 

While  visiting  his  mother  about  1843,  as  he 
bade  her  good-l)_,e,  young  Wheeler  said  ha 
wouldn't  stop  in  his  western  journeyings  until 
he  reached  a  place  where  he  could  call  a  piece  of 
land  his  own.  He  then  went  to  (Jenterville, 
southern  Michigan,  where  he  worked  at  the  car- 
penters' trade  until  March  4,  1847,  when,  with 
C'olonel  Lancaster,  Aaron  E.  Wait  and  A.  Van 
Denser  and  their  families,  he  started  for  Ore- 
gon. They  set  out  with  two  wagons  and  four 
yoke  of  oxen,  purchasing  four  addtional  yoke 
before  reaching  St.  .losepli,  Missouri. 

They  crossed  the  Missouri  river  on  the  4th 
of  May,  and  started  on  tlufir  long  journey  across 
th(<  plains.  The  train  of  which  they  were  a  part 
was  coin|)osed  of  forty-five  wagons  and  about 
150  people,  Albert  l)avi<lsoii  being  captain. 
Captain  Davidson  had  first  crossed  the  plains 
in  1845.  AVith  plenty  of  grass  and  water,  they 
proceeded  inerrily,  having  little  trouble  until 
they  reached  thelast  crossing  of  the  Platte  river. 
Here  they  had  to  make  canoes  and  raft  their 
wagons  across.  Indians  gave  them  little  trouble, 
though  constant  vigilance  was  necessary,  and 
they  arrived  at  the  Dalles  late  in  Augnst. 
Jason  left  the  company  on  the  upper  Oolumbia, 
and,  with  (ioveriior  Aberiietliy,  came  down  the 
river  in  a  canoe  to  the  present  site  of  Portland, 
the  place  at  that  time  containing  only  a  log 
cabin  and  a  shake  house.  He  continued  on  to 
Oregon  City,  arriving  at  that  ])oint  September 
7,  1847.  Having  heard  of  the  Santiam  e(}untry. 
he  struck  out  in  that  direction,  and  locate 
acres  near  Peterson  butte.  Here  he  built  a 
cabin.  He  soon  tired  of  "baching,"  howe  _., 
and  was  among  the  first  to  respond  to  the  call 
of(iovernor  Abernethy  for  volunteers  to  subdue 
the  (layuse  Indians,  who  had  massacred  the 
Whitman  family.  Ivpiipping  himself,  he  joined 
(Colonel  (iilliam  at  the  rendezvous,  opposite 
Portland,  where  300  men  gacliered  themselves 
together,  and  organize<l  four  companies  under 
Captains  Maxwell,  Hall,  ,lolin  Iloss  and 
^IcKye,  and  were  mustered  in  .lanuaryU,  1848, 
as  the  First  Regiment  of  Oregon  Uitlemen. 
They  then  proceeded  to  eastern  Oregon.      At 


ti40 

OS 
lowever. 


■0.^- 


clothes,  with 
(liii^reacli  year, 
re  cut  (l()«'ii  to 
ig  yonrw  lie  se- 
f8t  lie  received 
,  being  at  tiiat 
iloiiig  a  mail's 

lit  18-1:3,  as  ho 

leeler    sHi<l   lie 

i-tieviiiir«  until 

call  a  piece  of 

I    (Jenterville, 

ke(i  at  the  car- 

+7,  when,  with 

lit  and  A.  Van 

tarteil  for  Ore- 

aj^diis  and  four 

aildtional   yoke 

iiiri. 

iver  on  the4-tli 
;  journey  across 
ley  were  a  part 
ons  and  about 
being  captain. 
'Sed   the  plains 
and  water,  they 
trouble  until 
the  Platte  river, 
and  raft  their 
III  little  trouble, 
necessary,  and 
te    in   Auirnst. 
|)|)er  Colnnibia, 
came  down  the 
te  of  Portland, 
iiig  only  a  log 
!oiitiinie(l  on  to 
lint  September 
intiani  country, 
ii'l  located  (i-K) 
;  he  built  a  log 
ing,"  however, 
lond  to  the  call 
teers  to  subdue 
massacred  the 
ipolf,  he  joineil 
;vous.  opposite 
red  themselves 
mpanies  under 
lin     llosH    and 
inuary  it,  1S48, 
gon    {{itieinen. 
Oregon.      At 


HISTORY    OF    OHKUON. 


1257 


1 
Wells  Springs,  in  what  is  now  (iilliam   county,    \ 

the  [iiiliaiis  made  a  standi  and,  after  a  s]>irited 
contest,  were  repulsed.  Mr.  Wheeler  siiti'cred  ; 
a  severe  wound  in  the  ki.ee.  Proceeding  to  the 
site  of  the  Whitman  massacre,  the  wounded 
were  placed  in  a  ruined  adobe,  and  the  troops 
j)Ursued  the  Indians  across  Snake  river,  caiitur- 
iiig  over  oOO  horses  and  cattle.  On  ,lic  return 
march  Colonel  (iilliam  was  killed  by  the  care- 
less discharge  of  a  gun  that  was  lyiiisr  on  (jne  of 
the  wagons.  Arrived  in  ( )regon  City,  Mr. 
Wheeler  was  received  and  cared  for  by  warm 
anil  interested  friends  until  his  recovery.  In 
the  spring  of  18-ii),  with  a  company  of  friends, 
he  started  for  the  California  mines.  'I'hey 
worked  a  short  time  in  the  Redding  diggings, 
on  the  Sacremeiito  river,  each  securing  alioiit 
$()0().  They  then  went  to  San  I'ranciscd:  and, 
ill  July,  of  the  same  year,  einiiarked  on  the 
schooner,  W.  L.  Ilackstaff,  for  Oregon.  The 
schooner  was  wrecked  at  the  mouth  of  Uoyen 
river.  The  jiassengcrs,  however,  all  made  their 
escape,  and,  shouldering  their  packs,  gnus  and 
gold  dust,  started  on  foot  for  Oregon.  .After 
twenty  days  of  the  most  intense  siiff'iriiig  from 
fatigue  and  starvation,  they  reached  the  Califor- 
nia emigrant  road,  where  they  met  friends  who 
gave  them  food  and  assisted  them  on  their  jour- 
ney to  the  Willamette  valley. 

In  1850  Mr.  Wheeler  took  up  a  section  of 
land  three  miles  from  Lebanon,  and  married  and 
settled  on  this  farni,  and  lived  on  it  for  tweuty 
years,  engageil  in  farming  and  stock-raising. 
He  was  one  of  the  active  promoters  of  ihe  \V. 
V.  <Si  Cascade  Mountain  Military  lioad.  he  and 
A.  IJackleman  locating  a  large  part  of  it.  In 
1870  Mr.  Wheeler  traded  his  ,laim  for  10(1 
acres  a  mile  and  a  half  southeast  of  Albany,  re- 
ceiving 83,000  in  cash.  He  then  bought  forty 
acres  more,  and  on  this  place  he  resided  three 
years.  At  the  expiration  of  that  time  he  moved 
into  town,  subdivided  a  portion  of  his  land,  and 
formed  what  is  known  as  Wheeler's  Aihlitioii  to 
Albany.  He  was  one  of  the  builders  of  the  Al- 
bany it  Lebanon  Canal,  and.  after  the  property 
was  sold  to  John  A.  Crawford,  he  sii])erinteniled 
the  canal  for  that  gentleman  about  five  years, 
also  o]ierating  a  livery  staiile  in  town  during  the 
game  time.  In  1885  President  (jlcveland  ap- 
pointed him  Indian  .\gcnt  at  the  Warm  Spring 
Ueservatioii,  where  he  remained  three  years. 
He  then  resigned,  returned  to  Albany,  built  his 

residence  on  tin i  ,;er  of  Fmirth  ami  .lelfersun 

streets,  ami  here  In    has  since  resided. 


Mr.  Wheeler  was  married  . I  line  '2,  1850, 
to  Miss  Kli/a  Claypocde,  a  daughter  of  |)avid 
(Uaypoole,  a  pioneer  of  18-t(i.  They  have  four 
chililren,  viz.;  Melissa  .1.,  wife  of  Dr.  .1.  M. 
Kitchen;  Klleii,  wife  <<(  .1.  S,  Morgan;  Frank; 
anil   Mary,  wife  (d' C.  II.  Walker. 

To  Mr.  Wheeler  belongs  the  distinctinn  of 
being  the  lir,-t  Sheritl'  elected  in  Linn  county. 
That  was  in  lS-18.  In  187S  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  lie  ha>  >ervcd  one  term 
as  .Mayor  of  Ihe  city  of  .\lbany  and  three  terms 
as  City  Councilman,  lie  is  a  stockholder  of 
the  Albany  .Mining  vV,  Milling  Company  and 
possesses  valuable  |iro|)erty  interests,  being  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  prominent  and  successful 
business  men  of  Linn  coiintv.  lie  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  .Masonic  frafernitv.  and  also  of  the 
Daptist  Cliiiich. 

L.  W  .\  I)K  is  numbered  among  the 
Territorial  pioneers  of  California. 
i^-^ifl  <*  where  he  arrived  in  <l line,  1850.  lie 
was  born  in  the  State  of  Maine,  at  Liiicolnville. 
on  Penobscot  bav,  in  ISiU,  a  descendant  of  the 
Puritans  of  Xew  Knglaml;  his  more  iinmeiliate 
ancestors  removed  from  Mas>achiisetts  to  .Maine, 
and  were  a  seafaring  peofile  and  builders  (jf 
shijis.  He  was  ediicatiMl  at  Liiicolinille,  anil  in 
December,  18  t'.t,  he  left  his  home  and  family 
for  New  York;  there  be  seciircd  passagii  on  tins 
brig  ludependence.  Captain  .Morse,  boiiixl  for 
California,  via  C  ipi'  Horn.  ;\lter  an  unevent- 
ful vovage  of  si,\  months  he  landed  sabdy  in 
San  Francisco.  He  first  went  to  Ihe  mines  in 
Stanislaus  and  Calaveras  counties.  He  liegan 
phicer  iniliiiiiT,  but  afterward  engaged  in  ipiartz 
mining,  which  he  followeil  very  >ucce>sfiilly  iin- 
lS(H.  While  placer  mining  on  Scott's  river  be 
found  a  nuge('t  of  gold  which  weighed  lil'te<>n 
pounds,  se\en  and  a  quarter  (Uinces,  which  he 
sold  for  SllilOO.  In  istil  he  went  to  Poise 
Basin,  in  Idaho,  and  tliere  lifted  up  a  company 
to  cxiilou"  the  ( )wyhee  country;  here  lu!  followed 
iihii'iM'  and  silver  mining  until  1805. 

Wbili'  at  the  l''lorence  mines  Mr.  Wade  was  a 
memlicr  id'  the  tir>t  Pepiiblican  political  cmi- 
veiition  ever  held  in  the  new  Territory  of  Idaho, 
and  assisted  in  nominating  the  lirst  county  olli- 
cers  and  members  of  flii^  first  Territorial  Legis- 
lature. In  1805  he  went  to  Iiig  I'ciid  mines,  in 
I'litish  Columbia,  but  tlli^  expedition  proved  a 
failure:  so  he  refiirned  to  Idaho,  and  remained 
there  until  1S()7,  when  he  came  to  Salem. 


I 


ViM 


lllSTOIiY    Oh'    OHEaON. 


Soon  sftpr  lii«  arrivtil  in  tliiH  city  liuenilinrl<e(l 

in  tiio  tiicrciinlilc  ti'iulc  in  Noi-tli  Salem,  ocuiipy- 
ini^  a  Hiimll  liiiiMinj,'  on  liilieily  f-tr(!i!t  knuwn 
as  tlic  "(rincn  iStoro;"  lie  inipnived  his  facili- 
ties with  incroasinii;  trade,  and  now  condiu-ts  an 
extensive  and  |)r()titalile  Ijusiness.  Until  reeently 
li<!  had  the  iinriisjnited  control  of  the  mercantile 
interests  in  this  end  of  the  town,  hut  his  pros- 
rierif}'  has  attracted  competition. 

.Mr.  Wade  was  married  in  the  fall  of  1870,  to 
Miss  M.  .1.  .Veal,  a  native  of  Oregon,  and  a 
daughter  of  (teorij;e  Neal,  a  pioneer  of  1S4(). 
One  child  has  \n\M\  iioni  of  this  union,  Murray 
li.  Mr.  Wade  is  a  nieniher  of  the  I.  ().  ().  V. 
and  of  tlie  A.  ().  U.  W.  He  has  served  several 
terms  as  City  Coiineilinan,  hut  has  heen  too 
closclv  idcntitieil  with  the  commercial  interests 
and  enterprises  of  Salem  to  seek  political  prefer- 
ment. Il(!  is  a  man  of  excellent  linsiiiess  (|uali- 
licatlons,  an<l  has  come  to  he  reifardeil  as  one  of 
the  most  relialile  and  successful  merchants  of 
Salem. 


;I1.LIS  W,V(i(iKNER,  Recorder  of  Con- 
veyanci's  of  Washinijton  county,  Ore- 
ij;on,  ie  K  native  (if  Indiana,  horn  on  Feh- 
ruary  27,  IS  14.  ilis  lather,  James  S,  Wa^- 
<,'ciu'r.  was  horn  in  Kentucky,  in  18'21.  They 
are  of  (German  extr'iction,  and  early  settlers  of 
Virifinia  lie  nmrrieil  Maliuda  .Mien,  of  Ken- 
tucky. Tliey  had  tvvclvt^  children,  of  whom  five 
are  now  livinir.  In  1847  th  !y  removed  to  Iowa. 
.\  hrother,  Unfus.  went  to  Oi'eiro.i  in  1872,  and 

till years    later  tin;  tauiily  followed,  and  Mr. 

WacT^eiier,  Sr.,  a  hrothei'  and  Willis  settled  on 
l.iniis  in  Wasliiujilon  county.  'I'lu'  father  was 
elected  ( 'ounly  Treasurer,  and  after  servinjf  two 
years  was  re-elected  twice  in  sui'cession.  hut  he 
served  only  one  year  (tf  the  thii'd  term,  and  then 
resiij;ned.  Later  he  retired  froiTi  active  husiness, 
and  now  resides  with  his  family  in  llillshoroiii^li. 
His  wife  died  in  188'J. 

Notlnvithstandinir  that  iue  family  were  South- 
erners, they  distiuifuished  themscdves  on  the 
side  of  the  rnion  in  the  i);reat  civil  wai'.  Joseph, 
the  e'.dest  son,  enlisteil,  in  response  to  tlie  Presi- 
dent's call  f(U'  three-year  men,  in  ('om])any  H, 
Third  Iowa  Infantry;  and  Rufus,  the  second  son, 
eidistod  in  the  same  company,  and  served  in 
Mis>i*sippi.  After  tlie  hftttle  of  Vickshurii,  in 
the  summer  of  ISIi-l,  Joseph  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  sniVered  the  horrors  of  .Vudersonville  prison 


for  eifflit  tnonths,  and  then  died  of  starvation,  as 
thousands  of  others  were  starved  to  death  there! 
Rufus  served  thi'ee  years,  and  then  returned 
hiMue.  As  the  war  still  C(mtiMned,  ami  the 
country's  need  for  soldiers  was  jfreat,  Willis  en- 
listed, too,  in  July,  18(J3.  He  was  then  only 
nineteen.  He  (Uilisted  in  Company  L,  iNiuth 
Iowa  Cavalry.  He  served  to  the  close  of  the 
war.  His  reiriment  was  in  .Vrkansas  almost  all 
of  the  time.  A  <rood  deal  of  the  time  he  was 
on  detail  duty  in  the  hook-keepiiiff  department 
at  head  (juarters,  at  Little  Rock.  He  was  mus- 
tered out  in  Keliruary,  180ti.  Houston  enlisted 
in  his  sixteenth  year  in  the  Kif:;hteeiith  Iowa 
Infantry.  He  served  until  after  the  battle  of 
SprinirHeid,  Missouri,  then  his  regiment  was  left 
inactive  for  a  while,  aiul  the  yoiiuo;  hoy  heing 
sick,  parth'  due  to  home  si(d<nees,  they  allowed 
him  to  return  home.  After  reachini^  his  iiome 
he  soon  recr)vered,  and  in  three  months  had  ru- 
enlisterl  in  Company  K,  Fifteenth  Iowa  Infantry, 
and  served  with  Sherman  in  hiscampaign  acrainst 
ilohnston  and  ITood,  and  joined  in  the  march  to 
the  sea.  He  also  took  part  in  the  irraud  review 
in  Washington.  He  went  to  the  I'aciHc  const, 
and  on  the  1st  of  January.  1885.  started  to  ci'oss 
the  ( "oast  Range  mountains  from  Tillamook,  hut 
hccanu*  exhausted  in  the  deep  snow  and  froze  to 
death  I  .lames,  the  youngest  sou,  is  in  l)usineB8 
at  \'anconver,  Washington. 

Mr.  AVillis  WaggiMier  has  heen  engaged  in 
l)ookkeepiug  and  farming  since  his  arrival  in 
Ore<.'on.  He  sold  his  farm  in  18S(>,  and  moved 
to  llillshorough,  wherehepurchased  property  and 
huilt  a  residence-,  lli^  v.'as  electeil  Coui'ty  Re- 
corder of  (\jnveyances  in  1888.  He  still  occu 
jiies  that  position,  which  he  has  satisfactorily 
iilleil  for  four  years. 

He  was  married  in  1880,10  Miss  Kmnui  I'.Caa- 
cadden,  of  Cana<la.  Mr.  Wagufeuer  isamemher 
of  I.  ().().  F.  and  of  the  G.  A.  R.  He  is  a 
Repuhlican  in  politics. 


P OLIVER  n.  HISirol',  a  highly  respected 
( itizen  of  Ren<lloton,  I'matillacounty,  Ore- 
g(.n,  and  a  man  who  is  raid<ed  with  the 
Forty-niners  of  this  coast,  was  horn  in  Witisted, 
Litchtieh!  county,  Connecticut,  March  11,  18'?.(L 
He  was  the  sixth  of  the  ten  children  horn  to 
Harry  and  Sophia  ((tranger)  Bishop,  hotli  mi- 
tives  of  Connecticut. 


nisroRT  Of  oKKaoN. 


1289 


mil,  as 
there! 
tiiriic'l 
d    tlie 
ii>  en- 
only 
-Ninth 
of  the 
Dst  all 
le  was 
tiiient 
I  tnns- 
n  listed 
1  owa 
ttle  of 
ii«  left 
I  lieiii^ 
illowed 
<  iiome 
lail  re- 
fantrv, 
ii^riiinst 
irc'li  to 
review 
(•  coast, 

to  Cl'OSS 

hut 
froze  to 
tiisiness 


The  siihjeet  of  our  sketch  was  edncatcil  in  his 
native  town,  attemlinf;  school  ahoiit  three  inonths 
each  year  until  he  was  sixteen.  Then  he  went 
to  New  Jersey  and  tauifht  school  two  winter 
terms,  spendino;  his  vacation  at  hiinie.  It  was 
about  this  time  that  the  California  i;old  fever 
spread  over  the  country,  and  as  it  reached  the 
Atlantic  coast  young  liisli  >p  was  anionjf  its  tirst 
victims.  Taking  passage  on  the  hark  Canton 
from  New  York,  he  set  sail  for  the  new  El  Do- 
rado of  the  West,  maliiuii;  the  voyaire  via  (Jape 
Horn,  and  six  months  later,  in  the  tall  of  1S4-!I, 
sailed  through  the  (iidden  (Jate  into  h'lrhor  at 
San   Francisco. 

Mr.  Hishop  spent  one  year  in  the  gold  mines 
of  California,  and  in  February,  18")!,  eame  to 
Oregon,  stopping  tirst  at  the  cascades  on  the 
Columbia  river.  There  he  contracted  with 
Captain  Vanbergin  to  chop  200  cords  of  wood, 
at  .?tr  per  cord,  and  when  his  work  was  com- 
))letod  received  SsOO.  Then,  in  company  with 
1*.  F.  Hradford,  he  built  a  tlatlmat  ani  freightiMl 
from  the  CasiMdes  to  the  Dalle.-.  Witli  the 
money  lu!  made  in  boating,  he  commenced  buy- 
ing cattle  and  horses  from  the  immigrants,  and 
in  the  spring  sold  his  stock.  In  1S53,  in  com- 
pany with  I).  F.  and  I'.  F.  Hradford,  he  engaged 
m  salmon  tishing  at  Cascades  on  tiie  Columbia, 
catchinii-  and  barndintr  500  barrels  of  lish.  whicli 
they  sold  at  a  nice  |u-otit.  During  this  time 
they  continued  their  tlatb(tating  sncces>fMlly, 
building  a  steamboat  and  cari'ying  iioth  freight 
and  ])assengers.  In  185+  he,  in  company  with 
the  IJradfords,  built  the  steamer  Mary,  "to  run 
between  Cascades  an<l  the  Dalles,  and  established 
thoroughly  ii  lino  of  steamers  to  run  between 
I'ortland  "and  the  Dalles,  they  doing  all  the 
freighting  lor  the  (iovernment  fritni  Vancouver 
to  the  Dalles.  They  had  the  tirst  railroad  that 
was  ever  built  in  Oregon,  about  one  ami  a  half 
miles  in  length,  opei'ated  by  mide  power,  and 
across  this  road  all  the  goods  wen;  hauled  be- 
tween where  the  steamers  connected,  at  what 
was  called  the  Middle  I.amling,  and  the  rpjrnr 
Cascades  on  the  Washington  Territory  side.  j 

In  1851)  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  steamboat,   \ 
store  and  freight  lines,  and  in  connection    with 
his  brother-in-law,  C.  J.  I'almcr,  opened  a  store 
at  tin;  Dalles.      .Next  spring  he  sold  out  and  re-   j 
moved  to  Tygli  valley,  and  entered   extensively   ! 
into  farming  and   stock-raising.     The    Imlians 
troubled   him   so   that   he  had  to  remove  to  the 
Dalles;  in    18(10  he  engaged  in  freighting  from 
Dalles  to  Lewistoii.      Wo   next  hear  ot  him    in 


Hoisc;  (^ity,  where  he  was  the  first  I'oslmaster 
a])j)ointeil  by  Abe  Lincoln.  Fnnri  there  he  took 
a  ])osition  as  cl-rk  for  the  Oregon  Steam  Navi- 
gation  Company,  a  position  he  held  I'm'  live 
years.  We  next  hear  of  him  in  I'eiidleton, 
0>'egon.  where  he  now  resiiles. 

In  1S7H  he  was  elected  by  thepeopleot  I'en- 
dleton  to  the  otlice  of  .fnstiee  ol'  the  .'eace, 
whicli  position  he  has  held  continiiou.-ly  t  ver 
since,  with  the  exception  of  two  years.  His 
present  term  of  otlice  will  expire  in  .iiilv.  1*^!'!. 
May  12,  iSSil,  he  was  admitlecl  to  (iractice  law 
in  the  Supri'inc  Court  of  the   State  ot  (>regon. 

Ml'.  liislop  was  married  in  1^52,  to  AIi?s 
l.iiiia  Pab  ler,  a  native  of  llliii'is,  who  eame  to 
()reg.),i  with  her  parents  in  1851.  They  have 
five  children,  namely;  Kdward  IJ.,  ca-hier  of 
the  National  Hank  of  lle|)piier;  .Sophia,  wile  of 
John  Mean,  residing  in  Pendleton;  (ieorge,  en 
gaged  in  the  wandioiise  business  at  IIep|>nii'; 
Kmma,  wife  d'  Thorp  Roberts;  anil  Miss  llelle, 
the  youngest  daught(>r.  who  is  with  Ihm-  pirents. 
Politically,  .\lr.  I'ishop  is  an  Indeprndenl.  <■a^t- 
ing  his  vote  for  the  man  rather  than  the  part\. 
Dining  the  war  of  the  Uebellion  he  was  strongly 
in  favor  of  the  Union.  When  the  Indian  wars 
raged  here  in  tht;  West  he  was  among  the  brave 
volunteers  wliowent  forth  to  sto[)  the  hostilities 
(d'  the  red  men  and  prote(;t  the  settlers  friuii 
depredation.  In  1855  'ofl  he  was  under  Phil. 
Sheridan  at  the  Cascade  massacre,  who  was  at 
that  ti.iu;  a  Lieutenant. 


=4e©-^ 


F.  WILLOICtlll'.V.  of  Oi.L'on  City, 
is  a  re|u•e^enlati^(!  citi/en  and  one 
'^  of  those  good  and  Iriie  men  \.  iio 
risked  his  life  in  the  service  of  hiscounlry,  in 
the  Fiiioii  army,  during  the  great  civil  war.  It 
is  thought  that  smdi  n  en  wen  of  eniuigh  ser- 
vice to  their  country  to  haml  a  bricd'  record  of 
their  lives  down  to  future  jior-teriiy  that  their 
chihiren's  cdiildren  and  other  men  of  future  ages 
may  emulate  their  deeds  of  bravtiry. 

Mr.  Willoiighby  was  Ihm'II  in  (Joluiiibiis,  Ohio, 
November  24,  iSiU.  His  father,  John  Will 
oiigliby.  was  born  in  the  same  town  on  the 
4th  of  December.  1S05;  so  it  will  be  i-eeii  that 
they  were  iiioneers  in  (>hio.  The  family  origi- 
nated in  Knglaiid.  and  came  to  America  pre- 
vious to  the  IJevolutioii ;  and  the  grandfather, 
John  Willoiighby,  served  in  the  Itevoliitionary 


l'J<I(l 


nisTOHY  or  (iSKdoy. 


Wiir,  !::i\ii:ff  tl'.e  Imiior  of  ln'iiiii;  (letiicliiMl  to 
liiifclicr  and  dry  l>i't'f  for  tlu'  (Joiitiiifiiliil  iiriiiy. 
Mnd  ill  tliis  way  ^(M'vcd  the  coiiiitry  faitlit'iilly 
diiriiii^  tlu:  8(!V(iii  year.-,  Htriii^i^lc  for  iiidujit'iid- 
I'licf,'.  Our  siil)j('et's  t'atlu'r  iniirrifd  Miss 
Sarah  Luke,  horn  in  tlie  Keystoiie  State,  July 
8,  ISl  t.  She  was  liorn  of  Scotch  ancestry  and 
fiho  liort!  litjr  hushainl  idevon  chihiri'ii.  cifiht  of 
wlioiii  are  still  livinjf.  Two  sisters  and  our  siih- 
jcct  are   in   ( )rei'()n. 

Mr.  Willoiiijihliy  was  the  eldest  child  and 
was  re.ired  on  a  farm,  atteiidiiii;  the  piililie 
schools  and  learniiie;  the  trade  of  inarlile  cut- 
ter, at  which  ho  has  worked  all  his  life, 
earning  an  hoiujralile  liviiii,',  paying  1(10  cents 
on  the  dollar,  and  in  18H4r  retired  from  active 
work,  with  a  coinpetenci  siitHcient  for  his 
old  iiee.  Such  a  history  is  one  to  he  jiroiid  of, 
hut  that  is  not  all.  tor  when  the  war  of  the 
oreat  liehellion  hroke  out  lie  was  (|uietiy  at 
Work  lit  his  trade  in  I'coria,  Illinois.  In  an- 
swer to  President  iiincoln's  call  tor  volunteers 
the  patriot  hlood  of  his  grniKJI'ather  in  his 
vei'18  hecanie  hot  with  indignation  against 
the  enemy  of  the  Union,  and  he  enlisted  in 
Company  l<\  Seventeenth  Illinois  Volunteer  In- 
f'litry.  His  first  shot  tor  the  Union  was  fired 
11'  Fort  Donelson,  where  ho  hecaiiie  u^ed  to  the 
latfli'  (if  mu>ketrv  and  the  liooui  of  cannon,  the 
groans  of  the  wounded  and  n'l  tiie  horrors  of 
war.  After  eiirht  months  of  M^'htiiig  and  ex- 
posure to  the  cold  and  wet,  he  hecaine  disahled 
and  was  discharged  on  account  of  that  disahility. 
He  retired  to  his  home  and  aidt^d  in  recrnitiiii^ 
*  'om|iaiiy  Kj  )ne  Iliiiidrcd  and  Twenty -first  Ohio 
\dliiiit( cr  Infaiitrv.  He  retiiriUMl  to  the  front 
anil  I'oiiohr  lit  the  liattle  of  I'erryville,  Kentucky, 
as  I'irst  Sergeant.  Here  he  was  taken  jirisoner 
hy  Morgan  and  his  men,  hut  was  paroled  and 
afterward  returned  to  his  regiment,  where  he 
was  made  Second  Lieutenant.  He  then  en- 
gageil  in  the  Imttles  of  Chickaniauga  and 
.Missionary  Ridg(>,  where  the  Union  soldiers 
coverecl  theniselves  with  glory :  also  fought  in  the 
hattles  of  Kesaca  and  Lookout  Mountain,  and 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  where  his  regiment  lost 
tw( -thirds  of  its  men,  he  heing  the  only  of- 
ficer on  the  west  wing  that  was  not  killed  or 
wounded.  It  was  a  fearful  struggle,  hut  the 
reniaiiider  of  the  regiment  joined  in  the  siege 
and  capture  of  tiie  city  of  Atlanta,  Sherman's 
niaich  to  the  sea,  and  the  two  days"  fight  at 
Beiitonville,  where  .Mr.  Willoiighliy  was 
Wounded    in  his    left   arm  and    taken    to  (iolds- 


horongh,  Xorth  Carolina,  where  he  lay  in  the 
hospital  for  ten  days.  Alter  the  linttle  lie  was 
promoted  to  he  First  Lieutenant  of  ('oni|)any 
1),  and  after  the  luittle  in  wliiidi  iie  was  wounded 
he  was  promoted  to  the  Cajitaincy  of  Company 
H.  When  discharged  from  the  hospital  he  ob- 
tained thirty  days'  leave  of  ahsence.  but  re- 
turned to  his  regiment  and  reported  for  duty  at 
Washington.  He  participated  in  the  grand  re- 
view ill  Washington. and  then  was  discharged, 
the  iji'cat  striio'ixle  heinj;  over  in  which  so  manv 
thousands  of  men  had  jierished.  The  tirave 
soldier  returned  to  his  peaceful  ociiipation  of 
iniirhle  cutter,  working  in  St.  Louis  nnti'  '8(')',t, 
when  he  came  to  Portland,  where  he  also  car- 
ried on  his  trade  until  1884,  wlien  he  purchased 
lliO  acres  of  land  in  ('lackamas  county,  eight 
miles  northeast  of  Oregon  City,  where  he  en- 
gageil  in  raisiujr  all  kinds  of  grain  grown  in  this 
part  of  the  State.  In  18S!I  lie  soM  his  farm 
and  moved  to  Oregon  City  and  purchased  lots, 
and  houglit  a  good  residence,  where  lie  now 
resides. 

Mr.  Wiiloiighhy  was  married  to  Miss  Mil- 
dred Cook  in  1873.  She  was  a  native  of 
Missouri  and  horo  her  hushaiul  three  children: 
Ilaltie,  now  in  her  last  year  at  school;  Edward 
and  Alfred.  Mrs  Wiiloiighhy  dii^l  , Inly.  1891. 
She  was  a  faithful  wife  and  mother,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  her.  Cap- 
tain Wiiloiighhy  is  a  member  of  Meade  Post, 
No.  2,  and  it  is  neeilless  to  say  that  he  is  a 
stanch   Repuhlican  in   jiolitical  matters. 


aWliKDOLIFN  J.  OjiEUFK.  the  proprietor 
f^  of  the  Iiiver  Front  Planing  Mill,  is  a  na- 
«^-.  tive  of  the  Piiickeve  State,  having  been 
born  at  Miatnisburg,  Montgomery  county,  Ohio, 


1,    1808.     His    parents,    Fredolien    and 

(I'oiit)  ()l)erer,  were  both  natives  of  Ger- 

nnd  were  the  parents  of  five  children,  of 

our  siibjeet  was    the   thinl   in   order  of 


Ajiril 

Mary 

many. 

wdiom 

birth. 

Fredolien  Oberer,  dr..  was  reared  in  his  na- 
tive county,  where  he  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools,  and  at  an  early  age 
begun  his  apjirenticeship,  in  the  factory  of  Boot- 
waiters  Hrothers  &  Co.,  of  MiamiRbiirg.  He 
coni|ileted  his  apprenticeship  in  1887,  having 
served  tive  years  as  wheelwright  and  general 
wooilworker.       .Vfter   completing    his   term  of 


iiisrojir  OF  o/iMooff. 


I. 'CI 


II  tho 
was 
ipMiiy 
iikIuiI 
iipany 

II'  ol)- 
llt    IV, - 

II fy  at 

ihI  iv- 

igi'd, 

iiaiiy 

l)rave 

m  of 

•  8(i!l. 

car- 

Jiasi'd 

eiirlit 

lie  eii- 

iii  this 

fiirm 

lots, 

le   now 


service  he  coMtimied  in  the  employ  of  the 
coni|)aMy  until  188!),  when  ho  went  to  Inilian- 
apolis,  Iniliana,  ami  eiiga(^eil  with  the  Ameri- 
can Wheel  CoiTipauy  for  five  months;  later  he 
rotiirned  to  Ohio,  and  in  181(0  was  en^aj^ed  to 
place  tlie  machinery  in  tiie  Sidney  (.'ar  tlompany 
He  worked  at  Minnea])i)lis,  on  tho  eompletion 
of  Ilia  contract  witli  the  company,  which  lasted 
about  eiirht  months. 

Then  it  wa-*,  in  18"J1,  tliat  lie  turned  his  face 
wstward,  visiting  Washington;  hut  in  Septein- 
he  came  to  Oorvallis,  and  soon  eni;ai;ed  in 
placing  the  wood-working  inachinerv  in  the 
('orvallis  Carriaiijo  Factory.  Mr.  Oberer  is  a 
skilled  mechanic  in  wood  work,  and  in  tlie  use 
of  wcod-working  machinery. 

On  the  completion  of  his  engagement  with 
this  company,  he  purchased  a  lease  on  tho  River 
Front  I'laning  Mill,  ti.  run  five  years,  and  since 
he  has  taken  charge  and  jiut  the  machinery  in 
order,  new  life  has  lieeii  intused  into  the  old 
place,  and  the  buzz  of  saws  and  whirr  of  tho 
planers  may  be  heard  regularly,  and  the  old  mill 
lias  become  a  thing  of  life.  Mr.  Olierer  has 
leceived  most  liberal  encouragement  and  patron- 
age from  local  Iniilders  and  contractors,  as  well 
as  from  adjoining  towns.  The  mill  machinery 
will  be  probably  overhauled,  in  the  coming 
spring,  and  some  of  tin;  old  replaced  by  new. 
The  present  cajiacity  can  be  judged  only  by  the 
inimber  of  einjiloyes.  The  business  consists  of 
the  manufacturing  of  doors,  windows,  mold- 
ings, frames,  etc.  lie  obtains,  liy  special  con- 
tract, thoroughly  seasoned  lumber,  and  the  grade 
of  work  turned  out  is  second  to  none  in  the 
State. 

Although  Mr.  Oberer  is  a  new  arrival  in  the 
State,  h<'  has  tlie  confidence  and  good-will  of 
the  entire  community. 

W.  BRANNI^^  a  respecteil  citizeu  of 
Pendleton,  has  l)een  a  resident  of  [Inia- 
}<»  tilla  county,  Oregmi,  during  the  past 
decwle,  and  is  thoror.ghly  idciititied  with  its 
best  interests.  Following  is  a  brief  resume  of 
his  life: 

W.  W.  liranniii  was  born  iti  Cooper  county, 
Mis,souri,  March  10,  1812,  the  oldest  of  a  fam- 
ily of  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living, 
two  in  Oregon  and  two  in  New  Mexico.  His 
parents  were  .lames  "W.  and  Sarah  (Neal)  liran 
nin,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  respect- 
70 


ively.  dohii  Neal,  a  brother  of  his  iiiothc-r,  was 
a  noti^d  I'resbyterian  minister  ol  Kentucky, 
.lames  W.  lirannin  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Missouri,  he  having  moved  tliere  in  lsl!<,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  seived  as  Indian  agent 
among  the  Osage  Indians;  also  served  in  the 
(Quartermaster  Departint'iil,  holding  a  commis- 
sion as  Captain,  lie  died  in  lS5l,  agi'd  forty.- 
seveii  years. 

W.  W.  lirannin  attended  tlu'  common  schools 
of  Cooper  county  and  the  Westwood  .Vcadcmy 
at  iiooneville.  llewas  in  his  senior  year  in  the 
academy,  when,  in  June,  18(il,  he  drop])ed  his 
studies  and  entered  the  service  of  his  country, 
enlisting  in  Company  II,  Sixth  Missouri  (!av- 
ali'y.  After  serving  almost  three  years  he  w- 
enlisteil,  this  time  entering  the  Fortv  lifth 
Missouri  Infantry.  lle\i'as  hoiioraldy  discharged 
in  St.  Lunis,  .Inly  2,  ISIi."),  having  S(n-\(id  four 
years.  During  all  this  time  he  wan  ever  at  the 
post  of  duty,  acting  well  the  part  of  ii  bravi' 
soldier,  jiarcicMpating  in  numerous  battles  and 
skirmishes,  lie  carried  his  comjiany's  llag 
while  he  was  in  the  (cavalry,  and  in  the  infantry 
lie  bore  aloft  the  colors  for  more  than  a  year, 
thus  being  a  target  for  tlieenemy;  but  in  all  the 
dangerous  jihices  through  which  he,  jiasscl  he 
never  received  a  wonnil,  nor  was  he  ever 
captured.  'I'he  only  injury  he  sustained  was  at 
the  battle  near  .lefferson  ('ity.  Missouri,  where 
the  drum  of  his  left  t^ar  was  burst  by  the  report 
of  a  cannon,  resulting  in  the  |ierman(«nt  deaf- 
ness of  that  ear.  After  the  battle  he  was  de- 
tailed in  the  (Quartermaster's  Department  and 
served  as  Qiiartcnnaster  Sergeant. 

i'pon  his  return  from  the  war  .Mr.  {{raiiiiin 
settled  on  a  farm,  and  later  was  ordained  as  a 
I'resbyterinn  minister,  lie  cnntiniieii  in  the 
work  of  the  gospel,  preaching  throiighmit  Mis^ 
soiiri  until  1SS3.  wliere  he  became  noted  as  a 
successful  minister.  Thai  yi^ar,  on  account  of 
his  wife's  ill-health,  he  came  to  Oregon  and  set- 
tled on  a  farm  in  Umatilla  county.  Here  lie 
again  entered  the  ministry.  He  is  a  memtier 
„(  the  Walla  Walla  {'re^byfery,  the  Hoard  of 
Trustees,  and  the  Committee  on  Home  .Mis- 
:    sions. 

i  Politically,  ho  atliliales  with  the  Dciiiocratic 
.  ]>arty.  He"  was  ehfcted  on  that  ti<'ket  in  i8'.lO 
I  to  the  otlice  of  County  Asses-or  of  Finatilla 
I  conntv,  and  in  June,  18U2,  was  re-elected  to  the 
'  same  otlice,  being  the  first  man  ic-electe.l  to 
i  this  position  here.  He  received  tin?  nomination 
j    by  acclainatii'U.     .After  his  election  he  moved 


1203 


fllSTOJir    OF    OJIEOOA. 


to  IVnidlctoii,  wlii'i'e  lie  Btill  resides.  Mr.  Hrdii- 
iiiii  \H  iiii  iictive  worker  in  the  (iriii;(l  Army. 
On  coiiiiiif^  to  l'en(ll<'t()n  lie  foiiiiil  the  post  here 
disorganized,  got  jicrinission  troin  tlie  (iraiul 
(loininaiider  of  tlii'  i)e|iiirtniiMit  to  reorganize  it, 
and  did  so  with  a  nieniliersliip  of  thirty.  This 
post,  Kit  (Jarsoti,  No.  ~8,  is  now  in  a  flourish- 
ing condition,  its  ranks  having  heen  increased 
to  sixty  nienilier.s.  Al  the  time  it  was  reorgan- 
ize<l  he  was  (dected  (,'oniinanilor,  and  was  after- 
waicl  re-el(M'tC(l  to  the  same  ]30sition.  It  was 
through  him,  as  a  ileiegat(^  to  the  iMicainpnient, 
that  the  Encampment  of  1892  was  held  at 
Pendleton. 

In  1803,  while  on  a  liirlongh  from  the  army, 
Mr.  P.rannin  was  married  to  Miss  Amanda 
iSte))hens,  of  Cooper  county,  Missouri.  da\ighter 
of  .lacoli  15.  Stepiiens.  She  was  horn  in  1845. 
Three  of  their  six  children  died  in  infancy: 
Tiiose  living  are:  James,  of  Willamette  valley; 
and  (trace  and  Irma,  at  home. 

Yciirs  ajro  in  Missouri  Mr.  Urannin  was  a 
charter  meml)er  of  an  A.  ().  V.  W.  Lodge,  lie 
has  filled  all  the  oftices  in  the  order,  and  has 
served  as  didegate  to  the  Grand  Lodge.  He 
attended  the  (Irand  Lodge  at  \'ictoria,  British 
Columhia,  in  181)1,  and  at  Portland  in  1892, 
where  he  was  elected  Grand  Overseer.  Mr. 
I'rannin  is  also  an  Odd  Fellow,  liavini;  tilled 
prominent  positions  in  that  lodge.  He  and  his 
wife  and  daughters  are  members  of  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  Church. 


5SAAC  HALL,  the  founder  of  Ikllston,  Polk 
county,  Oregon,  and  a  venerable  Oregon  ])io- 
neer  of  184:8,  was  born  in  Lougiier.  Staflord- 
shire,  Knghuid,  December  (i,  1812.  Hisi)arents, 
Thomas  and  Martha  (Hrindley)  P>all,  were  both 
natives  of  England  and  of  good  old  English 
ancestry.  They  were  farmers  by  occujiation, 
and  in  religion  Episcopalians.  Of  tlieii' family 
of  twelve  children  Mr.  Hall  is  now  the  only 
survivor.  His  mother  died  in  her  tifty-second 
year,  and  his  father  attained  the  ripe  nge  of 
eighty-six. 

h/l83;5,  at  the  age  of  twenty,  Nfr.  Hallcame 
to  the  United  States.  For  four  summers  he  was 
engaged  in  making  brick  on  the  Hudson,  eight 
miles  below  Albany,  and  the  winters  he  sj)eut 
in  traveling.  In  the  fall  of  183(5  he  went  to 
New  Orleans  ami  worked  at  whatever  he  could 


get  to  do,  chiefly  loading  and  unloading  ships. 
From  there  he  went  to  Mineral  Point,  Wiscon- 
sin, from  thonce  to  Madison  county,  Illinois, 
where  he  engaged  in  brick-making. 

In  1838  Mr.  Hall  married  Miss'Abigail  IJow- 
hind,  who  is  still  by  his  side,  and  who  for  fifty- 
four  years  has  been  his  constant  and  faithful 
helpmate.  They  remained  in  Illinois  two  yearn 
and  then  removed  to  St.  Charles  county,  Mis- 
souri, whei'e  he  continu(«l  the  manufacture  of 
brick,  a)id  where  he  resided  eight  years,  lit 
the  spring  of  1848,  with  his  wife  and  six  chil- 
dren, he  started  overland  for  Oregon.  They 
left  St.  Charles  about  the  first  of  Ai'ay,  with  four 
yoke  of  oxen  aiul  a  wagon,  and  were  a  part,  of 
a  train  that  comprised  twenty-four  wagons.  As 
they  journey  onthey  were  joined  by  others 
until  the  number  of  wagons  increased  to  sixty- 
four.  After  they  had  been  out  some  time,  Mr. 
Ball's  oxen  took  fright  and  ran  away,  and  in  the 
accident  his  l"g  was  broken.  Tlu>y  set  it  as  best, 
they  could,  anil  with  him  lying  in  the  wagon 
continued  their  journey.  Since  then,  for  forty- 
four  years,  this  hardy  pioiu'cr  lias  walked  with 
a  crooked  leg.  They  arrived  in  Vara  Ilill  county 
on  the  let  of  October,  1848,  and  built  a  little 
hut  at  a  point  four  miles  east  of  where  Hallston 
now  stands. 

Although  his  leg  was  not  yet  strong  aiul  he 
was  still  on  crutches,  he  was  not  able  to  with- 
stand the  California  gold  fever,  which  was  at 
that  time  spreading  to  all  parts  of  the  country, 
and  he  and  William  Graham  went  by  water  to 
California.  On  the  middle  fork  of  the  Ameri- 
can river  they  were  having  good  success  in  their 
mining  operations,  liut  aiFter  an  experience  of 
forty  days  Mr.  Ball  got  hurt  and  was  obliged  to 
quit  the  business  and  return  home.  As  the  re- 
sult of  his  earnings  he  brought  home  $400. 

After  his  return  from  the  mines,  he  settled  on 
his  present  property,  and  here  lie  has  since  been 
engaged  in  farming,  otock-raising  and  brick- 
making.  When  the  railroa<l  was  built,  the  com- 
pany gave  him  a  station,  and  in  honor  of  him 
named  it  Hallston.  Here  a  nice  little  village 
has  sprung  uj).  which  is  destined  to  become  an 
im])(irtant  one  and  which  will  perjietuate  the 
name  of  this  worthy  pioneer.  Mr.  Hall  has  di- 
vided a  portion  of  his  homestead  and  sold  a 
number  of  village  lots.  Ho  has  also  sold  100 
acres  of  laud  to  one  of  his  grandsons.  He  still 
owns  540  acres  of  land,  a  part  of  it  his  old  do- 
nation claim  aud  the  rest  lands  which  he  has 
since  purchased. 


nrsToiir  of  ohkoov. 


tatiB 


llow- 

til'ty- 

lithful 

years 

Mis- 

iv   of 

,      Jo 

chil- 

Tliey 

I  loiir 

mi't  of 

As 

others 

sixty- 

o.  Mr. 

in  the 

rtS   l)03t 
WJlgOIl 

forty- 
:1  with 
county 
I  little 
allstoi) 


Of  Mr.  ISiillV  ciiildreii  wo  make  the  follouinir 
reconl:  l''oiir  of  the  sous  have  ih'eil,  iKiincly: 
William,  who  died  Feliriiary  (I,  187:5,  in  iii.-- 
thirty-lifth  year,  left  a  widow  and  live  childr<Mi; 
Samuel  llowlaud.  born  Deeemhor  iJ,  ISii'J,  died 
January  14.1853;  Isaac  dames,  horn  August  7, 
184:1.  died  Deeemher  12.  18ti;5;  and  Thomas 
Mnrsdon,  horn  dune  17,  1S43,  died  May  5. 
18(J{);  Mary  dauo,  horn  May  11),  1845,  is  the 
widow  of  William  Bowman  and  resides  at  Salt 
Creek,  in  Polk  county;  Lovina  Ann,  wife  of 
William  ('oniegys.  also  lives  at  Salt  Creek;  An- 
},'eline  P.  is  the  wife  of  J'.  C  Scears  and  lives 
near  Bethel;  Margaret  A.  nnirried  George 
Coinegvs  and  lives  in  I'iue  City,  Washiiii;ton; 
Lydia  H.  is  the  wife  of  V.  1).  Scears;  I'riscilla 
F.  died  when  fourteen  vears  of  af;e:  .Martlui  H., 
horn  March  it.  1852,  ("lied  .laniiary  I'.t.  18(')(); 
George  Washin^ton,  horn  March  22,  1850,  died 
?s'ov(!mher  15.  1851(. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  J!all  are  niemhors  of  the  New 
.lerusaletn  Church.  11  <  is  also  liberal  in  sup- 
porting other  denominations.  He  gave  a  lot  to 
the  Methodists  au(i  helped  them  build  a  house  of 
worship.  Me  also  fitteil  up  another  church,  in 
which  ministers  of  any  denomination  are  per- 
mitted to  preach.  Politically,  Mr.  Ball  is  a 
Democrat.  For  thirty  years  he  lias  been  tMerk 
of  the  School  J5oard,  and  has  served  a  numlier 
of  years  as  School  Director.  He  has  also  served 
as  County  Coiiiinissioner.  In  all  the  relations  of 
life  he  has  conducteii  himself  honoralily  and 
uprightly.  lie  has  thirty-onegrandcdiildren  and 
seven  gr(^at-graiidchildreii.  In(diiditii;  his  five 
sons-in-law,  his  posterity  now  numbers  fifty 
souls. 

fOUN  VKKNON  came  to  Oregon  October 
6,  1853,  and  is  one  of  the  representative 
fanners  of  Polk  county,  living  near  Uick- 
reall.  He  was  iiorii  in  Missouri,  May  28. 1831 », 
and  his  father,  Elienezer  Vernon,  was  born  in 
Tennessee  in  1800.  The  family  origiiiatiMl  in 
England,  and  emigrated  to  .\m(>rica  previous 
to  the  Revolution,  and  (iraiidl'ather  Neheiniah 
Vernon  served  as  a  gmiainith  in  the  war  of 
1812,  and  died  on  the  way  back  to  his  home, 
when  the  war  was  over.  Ebenezer  Vernon, 
when  twelve-  years  of  age,  was  brought  from 
east  Tennessee  to  Cole  county,  Missouri,  where 
he  resided  for  some  yt-ars,  and  then  reinove<l  to 
Miller  county  with  his  widowed    mother,  where 


lie  reared  his  family  ami  li\(>d  at  the  time  of 
hisileath.  He  had  married  Miss  Naiuty  Biirris, 
a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  they  had  eight  sons 
and  five  <laiigliters,  and  all  but  two  were  reared 
to  maturity.  Seven  of  these  are  still  living. 
Mr.  Vernon,  who  is  the  subject  of  our  sketidi, 
is  tlie  fourth  child,  ami  was  reared  in  Miller 
county,  Missouri.  They  wen;  pioneers  there, 
and  there  was  not  a  school  district  in  the  Slate, 
and  under  these  circumstances  he  was  left  to 
jiick  up  his  education  as  best  he  could,  and  what 
he  has  learned  has  been  in  the  costly  school  of 
experience.  Nevertheless  he  is  a  well  informed 
and  intelligcuit  farmer,  endowed  with  more 
good,  eonimon-sense  than  many  cd'  the  men 
wIhi  have  had  better  s<diO(d  advantages.  He 
first  worked  at  running  a  cardiiig-maehine  for 
some  time  in  Miller  and  Morgan  counties, 
running  half  the  day  and  half  the  night  for  !jilO 
a  immth  waires. 

April  3,  1853,  he  started  with  oxen  lor  the 
long  journey  across  the  plains.  He  was  witli- 
(Uit  money,  and  drovi^  a  team  for  his  board,  for 
Mr.  >Iolin  L.  Mulkey,  who  was  a  distant  rela- 
tion. 'I'be  joiiriuiy  was  a  safe  one.  and  to  tin* 
young  adventurer  a  |)leasant  one.  Mrs.  .Mulkt^y 
died  on  this  journey,  and  they  liiiried  her  on 
the  western  slope,  east  id'  the  Blue  mounlains. 
It  was  the  (ith  of  Ociober  when  thev  reached 
Mr.  Foster's  jilace,  wlii(di  was  then  the  pioneer 
inountaiu  house,  twelve  miles  easterly  from 
Oregon  City.  He  raised  a  great  iiiiiny  vegeta- 
bles, and  made  much  money,  selling  to  the  im- 
migrants, who  had  had  nothing  of  the  kind  for 
six  months.  Mr.  VeriKrii  came  to  Vain  Hill 
county  and  aided  in  luiildini;  a  barn  for  Kohert 
I-ancefitdd.  and  tliiui  came  io  Polk  county  and 
worketl  in  the  sawmill  of  Mr.  lOlias  Bindl. 
There  he  was  employed  for  nini'  years,  and 
earned  the  money  with  which  he  |iiircliased  his 
farm.  In  185ti  he  married  Miss  S.  d  Byerley, 
a  native  of  Indiana,  a  pioneer  of  1852.  in 
1857  he  purchased  his  land,  but  he  continued 
to  Work  at  the  sawmill  until  18ti3,  when  he  had 
jiaid  for  his  farm,  and  retired  to  it  with  his  wife. 
They  luiilt  a  cheap  house,  and  had  nothing  else. 
This  farm  was  on  Salt  creek,  P(dk  counly.  and 
here  thev  resided  for  so.r.e  years,  and  then  sold 
and  came  to  this  present  jiroperty,  two  miles 
cast  of  Derry,  Polkcminty.  Here  he  purchased 
275  acres,  and  on  this  ])roj)erty  he  lias  since 
lived.  Ho  now  has  a  valuable  farm  of  475  acres, 
with  good  orchard  and  Iniildiugs,  anil  all  of  the 
comforts   which    his    industry   and    thrift    have 


illU 


1204 


niSTOHY    OF    DItKnoN. 


Ke(Mii'u(l.  Mr.  ftnd  Mrs.  Vurrion  liiive  hud  tivo 
(Iim^litors  mid  three  sons,  and  tlmy  idl  avo 
liviiiir.  Natu'v  married  .1.  A.  Allen,  and  tiie.y 
have  H  farm  and  reside  near.  Louisa  married 
.1.  W.  Allen,  and  his  farm  joins  that  of  Mr. 
\'ernon.  lOmily  Jane  married  .lohn  \V.  Hnster, 
who  is  n  liiisiness  nntn  of  liide[iendeiicc,  Polk 
eonnty.  Kutie  i.s  the  wife  of  John  Voniii^,  and 
resides  in  Indejiendenee.  A.  W.  and  A.  M. 
lire  twinn,  and,  witli  .John  II.  and  Alice,  live  at 
home.  Mr.  and  Mi's.  Vernon  are  memhers  of 
the  liaiitint  Clmrch,  whioli  .Mr.  V^iM-non  joined 
in  IH'yZ,  and  has  identified  liiinself  with  the  re- 
liirioMS  interests  of  the  eonnty  ever  sinee  his 
residence  in  it.  lie  has  aide<l  in  huildini;  sev- 
eral honst!S  of  \\-orslii|),  and  assisted  in  hiiildinf^ 
file  (irst  sehoolhonse  in  his  district,  and  not 
only  f^avc  ijilOO  for  it,  hut  it  was  erected  on  his 
land.  When  the  Indians  thn^atened  to  exter- 
minate the  settlers  in  eastern  Oregon,  in  ISo.j, 
Mr.  Vernon  (|nit  Idisiness  at  !{s7u  ])er  month, 
ami  Volunteered,  fui'iiished  his  own  horse  and 
ei|uipments,  iuid  served  for  eif^ht  months,  until 
the  Indians  were  driven  out  of  the  State. 
Diiriiiit  that  time  the  noble  volnntt'ers  suffered 
many  hardshijis,  and  were  reduced  to  the  iieees- 
sity  of  eating  horse-iUsh, — even  of  that  kimi  of 
horfe  that  could  not  jret  out  of  the  way  or  he 
moveil.  Mr.  Wrnon  says  that  tlioy  received 
the  news  that  the  Indians  had  drivt^n  Major 
lliiller  out  of  the  (lield)  country  into  the  valley, 
killing  eif_dit  of  his  men.  leaving  them  on  the 
lield,  eighty  inih^s  from  the  white  settlement. 
Mr.  Vernon  and  others  recovered  their  reinai"" 
and  gave  them  to  the  regtdar  company  of  Majo.- 
Iltdler.  On  the  next  day  the  volunteers  weo 
on  the  march  to  his  relief.  They  were  com- 
manded first  by  J.  W.  Nesmith  and  T.  II.  Cor- 
nelius, and  his  first  captain  was  H.  F.  Hurcn, 
and  later  the  eajitain  was  M.  Ilayden.  For  this 
valiant  service,  rendered  liy  the  volunteers,  the 
(irovernment  has  never  given  any  remni\eration, 
-  -a  very  unworthy  course. 

In  politics  Mr.  Vernon  is  a  Democrat,  utid 
has  been  active  in  political  matters.  He  vas 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  (irranj^e,  the  third 
jrrange  on  the  I'acitic  coast,  or  Northwest  coast, 
and  was  fm-  twelve  years  its  Treasurer,  and  also 
served  as  Chaplain.  Later  he  joined  the  famous 
Farnu'rs"  .Vlliance,  and  has  served  as  President. 
.Mr.  and  Mrs.  Vernon  are  wiilcly  anil  favorably 
known,  and  are  good  representatives  of  iho 
county  in  which  they  have  so  long  resided. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  never  known  to 


swear  an  oath,  never  proposed  a  bet,  never  ac- 
cepted such  a  proposition,  lu'ver  was  intoxicated, 
never  spent  one  dime  in  visiting  theater,  dance 
rooms  or  gambling  dens,  but  learned  when 
young  to  know  no  games  and  to  retort  to  no 
tricks. 

iLFIlED  W.  STOW  ELL  came  to  the  Pacific 
;7K,«  coast  ill  185(>,  and  has  been  thoroughly 
identified  with  Oregon  and  its  interests 
for  thirty  years  (U' more.  Mr.  Stowell  was  born 
in  Delphi,  Carroll  county,  Indiana,  February  "it!, 
1841.  His  grandfather,  (Jeorge  Stowell.  was  a 
silk  merchant  in  London,  England,  as  were  his 
father  anil  grandfather  befuri?  him.  He  came 
to  America  before  the  lievolutioii  nnd  had  start 
ed  on  his  return  home  when  war  was  declared. 
lie  turned  liack  and  took  sides  with  the  eolo- 
iMSts,  entered  the  colonial  armv  and  fought 
through  the  war  and  settled  in  Rockbridge 
county,  Virginia,  where  he  married.  From 
there  he  moved  to  Tennessee,  whei'c  his  son, 
.lohn  Stowell,  was  born,  in  1707.  lie  was  raised 
in  his  native  State  and  married  there  Miss  Mar- 
garet Armstrong,  of  the  same  State.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  John  Armstrong  of  North  C'aro- 
liiui.  They  removed  to  Indiana,  where  ho  was 
engaged  in  fai-inii.j^  and  surveying,  in  Wabash 
county.  I'hcy  had  twelve  children,  of  whom 
six  are  living.  Our  suliject  W!;^  the  tenth  child, 
and  in  18.">(5,  wl"';;  lu,  was  in  his  fiftetinth  year, 
the  f'vr.iiy  came  to  California  and  were  enifa-'cd 
in  the  stock  busniess  two  years,  and  then  came 
to  Oregon  and  settled  at  Eugene,  which  ho 
farmed  Hll  187-1,  and  then  retired  from  active 
business  and  moved  into  Eugene  City,  and  re- 
sided there  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1882.  lie  was  eighty-five  years  of 
age.  His  wife  survived  him  two  vPf'rs,  and 
died  at  Eugene  City,  in  her  eighty-fourth  year. 
They  had  attaiiu^d  to  a  good  old  age,  and  raised 
their  large  family,  and  were  highly  respected 
by  all  who  knew  them. 

Mr.  Alfred  Stowell  began  life  for  himself  as 
a  clerk  in  a  store  in  Eugene  (Mty,  and  after 
having  learned  the  business,  he  opened  a  store 
of  his  own  and  continued  it  until  1S71,  when 
he  sold  it  and  later  accepted  a  position  in  the 
ottice  of  the  Surveyor  (ieneral  as  Chief  Clerk, 
and  he  served  in  this  capacity  for  three  years, 
and  continne<l  his  connection  with  the  survey- 
ing business  until  1882,  when  he  came  to  Port- 


iihsroiiy  OF  oitKaoN. 


vm 


liiiul,  Oregon,  iiml  eni;in^iMl  in  the  wliolrsiile  anil 
retail  lnisincsK  in  |iartnerrtliip  witli  Mr.  A.  II. 
Mori^an.  TIil'  liusincs.-i  wuh  locatfij  from  Nos. 
^47  to  251  I'Vont  street.  Here  tliey  coiKincted 
a  successful  husinoss  for  si.\  years.  In  ISSH  lie 
engaged  in  l)rlli^er«gt^  with  Mr.  K.  A.  Frame 
as  a  partner,  an<l  they  have  eontiinied  the  same 
husiiioss  ev(M'  since. 

In  18()7,  Mr.  Stuweli  married  Miss  I'lamlina 
K.  Thurston,  of  Oretton  City,  • 'reiron,  daui;liler 
of  Hon.  S.  li.  Thurston,  a  proniinent  pioneer 
of  the 'J'erritory.  Ih-was  elecliMl  tlu^  first  niem- 
her  of  ("oniiress  from  the  TeiTitorv.  In  1851, 
after  having  creditahly  served  his  term  in  Con- 
gress and  was  on  his  way  home,  he  <lied  of  the 
Panama  fever.  He  was  liuried  at  Acapulco, 
hut  later  the  Legislature  of  Oregon,  in  aeknowl- 
eilgnieut  of  his  success  in  Congress,  had  his 
remains  removed  and  huried  in  the  ccMueterv  at 
the  State  Capitol.  His  wife  survived  him  until 
18110,  when  liei'  death  oecni'red,  at  the  home  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stowell.  8he  was  one  of  the 
most  gifted  of  women  and  they  were  most 
])romine!itly  identified   with  Oregon's  history. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stowell  have  four  children,  all 
born  in  Oregon.  Their  names  are:  Walter 
Thurston,  I'landina  Klizal)i:fli.  .Margaret  (ier- 
trude,  and  Curtis  Alfj'cd.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stow- 
ell are  worthy  members  of  the  I'Mrst  I'resby- 
terian  (3lnirch,  of  whiidi  he  has  been  an  Khhfr 
since  188-1:.  In  all  the  affairs  of  the  church, 
the  city  of  Portland  and  the  State,  they  take  a 
deep  interest. 

^lS4-^^ 

H^AHKIEL  JOIIXSON  TRULLINOEK,  n 
vt^t  lirominent  land-owm-r  and  milli^'  of  Clack- 
>g^  amas  county,  has  been  identified  with  the 
interests  of  Oregon  since  18-18,  am!  is  therefore 
ranked  with  its  early  pioneers. 

He  was  born  in  I'oiintain  county,  Indiana, 
February  20,  1821,  and  comes  of  German  an 
cestry.  His  grandfatluu',  Daniel  Trullinger, 
was  born  in  Germany  and  emigrated  to  the 
United  States,  settling  in  Pennsylvania,  and  aft- 
erward in  lioss  county,  Ohio.  The  original 
spelling  of  the  name  was  Drollingei'.  His  son, 
also  named  Daniel  Trullinger.  and  the  father  of 
our  subject,  was  born  in  Uoss  county,  Ohio,  in 
1801.  He  was  reared  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and 
married  in  Marion  county  of  the  latter  Slate, 
April  27,  1805,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Johnson, 
who   was    born    in    Tennessee,    February     10, 


1805,  silt!  being  a  daughter  of  .Xrchib.dd  .lohn- 
son.  In  l8v!  I  they  scttlcil  in  l''ounlain  county, 
same  State,  and  n-movecl  to  Iowa  in  18iJ0,  whero 
he  had  a  farm,  and  whence,  in  1818,  he  started 
tor  Oregon  on  the  (ith  of  April.  G.  .1.  Trul- 
linger, th(>  oldest  of  the  family,  was  at  that  time 
twenty-four  years  (jf  agi?.  They  had  tlinu"  wag- 
ons; one  wagon  was  drawn  by  fouryoke  ofoxeti, 
and  each  of  the  other  two,  liy  three  yoke,  our 
subject  and  two  of  his  brothers  each  driving  u 
team.  One  of  the  sons,  Nathaniel,  was  marrieil 
and  brought  his  wife  with  him.  Their  journey 
was  made  in  safety,  and  their  arrival  in  ( )regon 
City  dates  Septeiiibcr  14,  1848.  The  latlirr  ■ 
purchased  a  doinition  claim  on  the  Waldo  Hills, 
and,  after  living  on  it  till  the  spring  of  1850, 
sold  out  anil  went  to  Milwaukee,  where  ho 
bought  a  house  and  lot.  He  sulisi'(|uently  dis- 
ivised  of  this  |U'op,?rty.  Tliel\  became  to  Milk 
creek,  in  ('lackamas  (•(Uiiity,  took  a  donation 
claim  of  040  acres,  an<l  here  the  father  resided 
up  to  the  time  of  bis  death,  which  occurred 
(laniiary  0,  18(57,  at  the  home  of  his  son,  (J.  J. 
His  wife  survived  him  until  188f?,  anil  died  in 
her  eighty  fi.'st  year.  He  was  atlliristian  min- 
ister, and  his  life  an<l  that  of  his  wife  were  dis- 
tinguished by  bi^nevolence  and  love  to  their  fel- 
low-men, -tjo  much  so,  indeeil,  for  their  go  id 
in  a  pecuniary  view.  Of  their  cliildren  seven 
arir  stillliving:  .lobn  V...  a  miller  at  .\--loria; 
Daniel  Perry,  a  miller  of  North  Vain  Hill;  Sa- 
rah, now  Mrs.  Todd,  resides  at  Forest  (irovo; 
Amanda  married  a  Mr.  Hodson  and  lives  at 
Roseberg:  and  Eliza,  wife  of  Kooncy  Matton, 
I)((Uglas  ('ounty.  Oregon. 

The  gold  e.\i'iteinent  of  184'J  took  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  to  the  new  El  Dorado.  He 
mined  on  the  nurth  fork  of  the  American  river 
for  some  time,  mci^ting  with  good  success,  li-e- 
ipiently  taking  out  as  high  as  !t(80  in  a  single 
<lay.  licturiring  to  Oregon  in  the  spring  of 
1850,  he  located  at  Milwaukee,  between  Oregon 
(Mty  and  Portland,  and  put  u|i  a  large  warehouse. 
He  sold  this,  and  .luly  22,  1852,  located  on  Milk 
creek,  on  section  28.  township  4  south,  and  2 
east;  and  here  he  has  since  ni^idcd.  In  1858 
he  built  a  sawmill,  and  in  I8(i8  a  gristmill.  He 
has  run  these  mills  and  conducteil  his  tanning 
oiierations.  and  from  time  to  time  has  madi,'  in- 
vestments in  land  until  ho  is  now  the  owner  of 
2,400  acres. 

August  3,  1851,  Mr.  Trullinger  marrieil  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Glover,  who  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  Missouri,  October  28,  18;J4,  daughter  of 


1U(|I1 


UIHTOHY    i)h'    DHKdOS. 


.Idliii  l'licl[W  (ilcpvur,  nil  Ii(pIiii|-(m1  Oi'frroil  pio- 
neer of  IM'.i  Mr.  iiikI  Mirt.  Trulliii^'er  luid  the 
followiiii^  tiiiiricd  cliildreii;  huiiiel  N .:  .Iiihe|)li  I!., 
who  died  ill  the  niiitli  vi'iirof  hiw  ane;  .IllllM^^  I'., 
wlio  fur  the  |)Mnt  ten  yeiU'H  lias  run  the  (itiverii- 
irieiit  iiiilU  at  (iraiide  Kduch';  Ivlwaid  I, line,  a 
fHriiiLT  of  ChiekaiiKiH  county;  Dellifon  Lee; 
Surah  KMeti;  Hlizaheth.Iaiie;  Uaae  V.;  and  Katie 
M.,  wlio  died  ill  iier  fifteenth  .year.  Mrs.  Trull 
ili^'er  ileparled  tlwH  life  .Inly  ~~.  1^*88. 

I'levioiis  to  the  war  Mr.  'l'rullinj;er  wa>*  a 
I)eiiiociat,  Imt  hince  the  tiriiuf  mi  Koil  Sumter 
liiift  allilialed  with  the  lte|iiililieaii  party.  I" 
1S7(I  he  was  elected  County  ('(iiiiinissioiu'r  of 
(Ilackaniaii  county,  and  suived  in  tiiiit  capacity 
nuist  edicienlly.  lie  in  a  iiieiiil)er  of  tli.o  1.  <>. 
().  I'".,  and  in  his  reli>;i()iis  view-  iw  an    .Vtheist. 

tON.  ,1.  (!.  TIUILMNGER,  the  present 
Stale  Senator  from  C'hitsoj)  cuiinty.  is  a 
veneralile  pioneer  tif  1S4S.  lie  was  liorn 
in  Koiintain  county,  hidiaua,  .Inly  29,  1S28,  a 
sun  of  l)aiiiel  'rrullin),'er.  who  was  horn  in  (jhio 
in  IHOl.  lie  enisled  the  plains  to  Oregon  in 
1848,  arriving;  Septemher  15,  bume  year,  at  (Ore- 
gon C!ity.  They  eamo  from  Davis  county,  Iowa, 
and  our  sulijuct,  then  twenty  years  of  aj^e,  drove 
nn  ox  ti'iim  all  the  way.  After  arriviufj;  in  that 
city  he  npened  a  shue  store,  hut  soon  sold  out 
nnd  jiiiiied  his  father,  who  had  settled  on  a  farm 
in  Alariim  county.  The  following  8|(rini,',  1849, 
lie  went  with  his  hrother  to  the  mines  in  Cali- 
fornia, liiit  a  short  tin:  •  afterward  hoiight  a  sup- 
ply of  miners'  floods  anil  opened  a  store  at 
()oloma.  ,!anuary  1,  iKijO,  Mr.  Trnllinj^er  went 
hy  schooner  from  San  Friincisc'o  to  tlie  Coliim- 
iiia  river,  locating  at  Portland,  hut  afterward 
went  to  Milwaukee,  six  miles  distant,  and  erected 
a  hu'ge  waridionse.  In  .lannarj,  1S52,  he  sold 
out  and  took  up  a  claim  nine  miles  south  of 
Portland,  wlii<'h  he  inipro\ed  aiul  lived  on  eleven 
years.  There,  also,  he  Iiuilt  two  large  sawmills. 
In  18()5  he  lionghl  the  Oswego  property,  laid 
out  the  town  of  Oswego;  in  Nuveinher,  1870, 
l)onj;lit  the  site  ami  laid  out  the  town  of  Center- 
ville,  where  he  ran  a  saw  and  ilo\ir  mill  until 
■  1875.  In  that  year  he  houglit  proj)erty  in  As- 
toria, erected  the  West  Shore  Mills  and  has 
twelve  acres  covered  with  mills,  warelion.-es, 
wdinrves,  luniher  liarns  and  electric  light  station. 
From  187t>  to  1880  this  plant  was  run  as  a  can- 


nery. Mr.  Trullinger  employs  forty  men.  Ilo 
hiiilt  three  miles  of  railroad  for  logging  pur- 
poses six  miles  soiitlieiist  of  Astoria;  erected 
ills  ele<'tric  light  plant  in  Deceniher,  188").  Iiy 
which  this  city  is  lighted,  with  full  are  and  in- 
candese(Uit  lights;  has  held  various  otllees  of 
piiUlic  trust  in  Astoria  and  Clatsop  county; 
from  PSMti  to  1888  was  .Mayor  of  the  city,  and 
previous  to  that  «as  a  iiiemher  of  the  (!ouncil. 
In  Dceemiier.  18yi,  he  was  elected  President 
of  the  Pxiard  ot  i'olice  Commissioners;  in.liino, 
lSil2.  >vu  (dected  liy  a  large  majority  to  the 
Legislature;  was  one  of  tlu'  organizers  of  the 
IJepuhlican  iiaity  in  (Iregon,  in  lH5t),  and  has 
never  since  departed  from  the  faith  of  that 
party. 

( )ur  suhject  is  married  and  has  reared  a  large 
family  of  children,  lie  and  his  si.x  sons  form  a 
corporation  known  as  the  West  Shore  Mill 
Company,  of  whicdi  he  is  ju'esident,  Thomas  O. 
Trullinger,  vice-president,  and  Grant  Trullinger, 
secretary.  They  do  a  large  hiisiness,  and  the 
company  is  regardeil  as  one  oft  he  most  reliuhle 
in  Astoria. 

.AVID  vSTOUT,  a  ])roiiiinent  ( *regon  pio- 
neer of  1852,  and  a  prosperous  himine.sa 
man  of  McMinnville,  was  horn  in  Ohio, 
Felu'uary  0,  1847.  Ills  father, .J omithau  Stout, 
was  liorn  in  Xew  .lersey,  Sej)temh(M'  12,  1812, 
and  was  of  Kngli.-h  and  Scotch  ancestry.  His 
progenitors  came  to  America  jirevious  to  the 
Kevidution  and  participated  in  the  thrilling 
events  which  followed  in  the  i^arly  history  of 
the  colonies,  (irandfather  Stout  distinguished 
himself  hy  fighting  on  the  side  of  the  colonists 
in  their  struggle  for  independence. 

His  son,  .lonathan,  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  our  sketch,  married  Miss  Sarah  Swank,  a  na- 
tive of  Ohio.  Her  ancestors  were  Oerman,  and 
early  settlers  in  the  colonies.  They  had  nine 
chihlren,  five  of  whom  are  now  living,  our  sub- 
ject being  the  fifth  in  order  of  birth.  In  1852, 
when  he  was  five  years  of  ag(>,  his  parents 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon.  The  i'amily  then 
comjirised  the  father,  mother  and  five  diil- 
dren:  Margaret,  Mary  Jane,  Frank.  David  and 
Until.  The  journey  was  iinniarre<l  by  any  ac- 
cident of  epidemic,  and  they  all  arrived  safely 
in  Portland.  Here  the  beloved  niotlier  shortly 
afterward  died,  leaving  the  father  and  little 
family  disconsolate.     She  was   taken  ill  on   the 


lllaroUY    OF   niiKdoN. 


ia«7 


.      llo 
M^'  piir- 

iind    iii- 

itilccH     (if 

(■oiiiity ; 

■ity,  iiiid 

Coiiricil. 

'resilient 

ill  'I  II rut, 

to  tlie 

of  tlie 

anil    hart 

ot    tlmt 


joui'iiuy,  friiin  tlie  ell'cctri  of  wliicli  BickiicHH  slie 
<lit!il.  Nliv  will*  u  tiiiicere  Cliristiiiii  iiml  ii  worthy 
iiu'IiiIh'I'  of  tilt!  ^Ieth(Mli^t  Church,  anil  wiih 
esteeiiK'il  for  her  tniiiiy  iiiiiiulile  virtiie«  Hliii  luv- 
iii^j  ht'iirt. 

The  liither  wiis  hick  ill!  of  k\w,  fnllowiiiu  win- 
tor,  anil  the  funiilY  I'xnei  ieiiceii  great  harilslii|in. 
Tiii'V  liveil  ill  a  littlf  oiu'-rooiii  log  hoii.-e,  whi<;h 
liiul  a  (iiv-|)liice,  ami  they  suliHisti'il  ajmrtoftlie 
time  on  hraii  bread.  'I'lie  stoi'k  diud,  and  when 
hpriiijjf  (laine  tint  children  wure  sent  to  live  with 
varioUH  [lerBoiiH. 

'I"he  snliJL'f.t  of  our  Hkeleli  was  aeiit  to  I'olk 
coiintv,  where  he  resideil  foi'  live  yt'in'*  with  Mr. 
8.  C.  Voster,  attending'  school  for  tliiee  teriDci, 
in  a  little  log  wluiolhoiine,  situated  four  miles 
away.  lie  then  went  to  rortlaml,  where  he  re- 
nided  with  his  Bister,  who  is  now  married  to 
Mr.  1'.  J.  Painter.  While  there  ho  attended  the 
i'ortlaiid  Academy. 

lie  then  returned  to  I'olk  county  and  hefjaii 
to  work  out,  and  wliih^  a  mere  hoy  drove  teams 
and  hauled  rails  from  the  mountains,  lie  con- 
tiinied  this  work  until  he  lii^caMK!  grown,  when, 
with  ids  father  iiiid  lirother,  Frank,  he  pur- 
chased 130  acres  of  land,  located  si.\  miles  north 
of  Mc.Minnville.  They  |iiirchased  it  on  time 
and  moved  upon  it,  all  working  hard,  and  hav- 
ing their  efforts  crowned  with  success,  and  were 


eimhled  to  pay  off  their  indebtedness,  wiiich  was 

land,    and,    as  their 
means   permitted,  added   from   tiim;  to  time  to 


ljll,()00. 


to  pay  ofr  111 
Tiiev    kept 


their  origimil  purchase,—  at  one  time  17*1  acres, 
and  later  purchased  another  farm  of  :t20  acres, 
u  mile  distant.  During  the  summer,  the  sub- 
ject of  our  sketch  worked  hard  on  the  lands,  and 
in  the  winter  came  to  Mc.Miimville,  where  he 
attended  the  college,  lie  finally  sold  his  interest 
in  thelaiKls  they  had  |iurcliasi>d,  and  invested  in 
other  farming  jiroperty.  |iiirchasing  2H()  acres 
of  Dr.  Sitton,  which  he  retained  for  five  years,  , 
when  he  bought  100  acres,  situated  northwest  of 
McMinnville,  all  of  which  lie  diligently  culti- 
vated, and  which  yielded  large|and  remunerative  ' 
crops. 

In  1870  he  was  nmrried  to  Miss  Agnes   Mar-   j 
tin,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Martin,  an  honored   | 
Oregon  pioneerof  1851.    lie  had  recently  added 
210    acres    to    the     100    originally    purcli.is<Ml 
near  McMinnville,  and    there   he  mid    his  bride 
took    up    their   residence,    remaining    for    three 
years.     Mr.  Stout  then    purchased   ten  acres  of  ' 
land,  on  which  there  was  a  good   residence  and    '• 
barn,  which    property  adjoined    the  city   limits    j 


of  McMinnville.  Here  they  have  since  reHideil, 
surrounded  with  (he  comrortn  of  life  and  liii|<py 
in  each  other's  society  and  that  of  tiieir 
cliildreii. 

Mr.  Stout  built  the  tirst  warehouse  in  .Mc 
Milluvilh^  wdiidi  he  maiia<;ed  for  si\  year^.  lie 
also  purchased  the  mill  site  and  water  powi'r, 
and  built  a  complete  roller  process  llourini,' mill 
on  the  west  sidii  of  the  town,  in  the  latter  en- 
terprise his  father-in-law  is  a  partner,  and  it  is 
proving  to  ite  very  remunerative,  the  favorite 
iiiaiid  of  tlour  being  the  Star,  liesides  these 
enterprises,  Mr.  Stout  owns  stock  in  various 
others  of  the  city,  still  continuing  to  manage  his 
farm   as  well  as  the   mills. 

Mr.  and  .Mrs.  .Sidiit  have  four  children:  I'ern, 
{!larissa.  Taylor  and  lu-nest.  all  native  sons  and 
daughters  of  Oregon,  and  retlectinf^creilit  on  the 
Slate  of  their  nativity.  Mr.  .Stout  is  in  polities 
a  liepnblican,  although  takiiii;  no  prominent 
|iart  in  puiilic  alfairs  other  than  desiriii;^'  the 
election  of  honorable  men  to  otlic(^  lie  and  his 
faithful  wife  are  worthy  members  of  the  Melli 
odist  ( 'liuri'h.  and  both,  by  their  intlueiice  and 
means,  cniitribiiti^  liberally  to  its  support.  His 
father  is  still  liviiii;  in  the  county,  at  (he  f^ood 
old  age  of  eighty  years,  liifjhly  esteemed  by  ;ill 
who  know  him  for  his  many  sterling  ijiialilies. 
Industry  and  good  maiiagtuneiit,  su|)plementi^d 
by  the  richly  jiroductive  farming  lanifs  of  Yam 
llilt  county,  liave  traiisfurmed  the  hoiiM'less 
pioneers  of  18r)2  into  the  wealthy  and  irdliicn- 
tial  farmers  and  business  men  of  to-day.  and 
afti^r  a  residence  of  forty  yi'ar>  in  the  State  of 
their  choice,  they  have  nothing  luit  praises  to 
bestow  upon  her  geiuu'ous  usai;e  of  them,  and 
unreservedly  attribute  to  hi^r  glorious  resources 
their  present  prosperity  and  consciineni    hapjii- 

lUfSS. 

-  -^^^mm^^ — 


fli.  STEI'IIKN  A.  YOn.NG.  a  widely  and 
favorably  known  physician  of  MiMlinn- 
ville.  and  an  Oi'egon  pioneer  of  IM50.  was 
born  in  Sangamon  county,  Illinois,  March  II, 
1840.  His  father,  .losepli  K.  Young,  was  a  iia 
tive  of  Kentucky,  where  he  was  born  in  IS07, 
who  traced  his  ancestry  back  to  early  colonial 
times.  Ue  ni.irried  Miss  Mary  Hussy,  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  of  (Terman  ancestry,  her  |)rogfini- 
tors  having  been  e(|ually  early  settlers  of  Amer- 
ica. They  had  seven  I'liildreii,  of  whom  the 
gubjeet  of  our  ^-ketch  is  tlii'  sole  survivor. 


Vim 


iiisiuny  OF  oliKooN. 


Ill  flic  -|iiiii^»  (if  ls5H  ilic  I'liiiiily  fiiirtcil  mi 
tlii'ir  liiii^  jdiinit'v  li'i'  <  h't'j^iiii,  Willi  the  iipiiiil 
iiiiilii  (if  WH^cins  iiiid  (i\('ii.  TIk!  Miil)j('ct  ol' 1)111' 
^^('l(•ll  wiin  III  lliiit  time  tell  yciuv  of  ii;;t',  iiiid 
liiiH  II  iiiortt  vivid  rfciillirliiiii  of  tlit<  aii|inlliii(; 
iiiciilfiitrt  (»f  tliiil  Idiij;  mid  wnariiioino  |i)iiriiey. 
Till'  pnrriitH  Htiirtod  witli  tlioir  flivt'n  Hiirviviii)^ 
rliildri'ii,  (iiir  niiiiji'ct,  iiiiil  it  lirollicr  and  Hi>t('r. 
'I'lic  liiiitlicr,  havid  Tayldr,  diiMJ  of  I'lioicra,  and 
tim  i^ricf  >tiicki'ii  iiari'iitu  liiiiit'd  liiin  on  tlio 
|iliiiiii*.  11(1  wan  ^iicatly  'm'IovimI  l>y  tiiiMii,  and 
liirt  loHH  \\i\f  II  diKtrcHHiii;.'  Hoiircc  of  ;;rii't' and  in- 
i'\|ir('fisil'li'  Hadlii'HU.  Misfiirt lines  often  (toiiie 
tii;;etlier,  ami  soon  ufter  tliu  fuinily'H  arrival  in 
^!llll  Hill  eiiimfy,  in  tliu  latter  |iart  of  Octolier, 
1  sno,  Maiy  Mari^aret,  the  only  r.iirvivinjr  daiij^ii- 
tir,  wai*  taken  ill  witli  Idaiii  IVvi-r.  ainl  another 
irrcat  liereaveiiient  tell  M|ion  tlie  iilrt'ady  heart 
limkcM  [laientH. 

Work  and  the  eventH  ('onnecteil  wilji  neciiriiid; 
a  home  in  a  new  coiintiv.  |iro\ed  ii  lilcHHiiijr,  af 
I'ordin;^  leii«  time  for  dwellini;  on  thiMr  aliliction. 
The  |iareiitH  took  a  donation  eliiiin,  located  two 
iiiilei<  iiortheiiHt  of  the  present  nite  of  McMinn- 
ville,  on  which  a  xmall  Iok  hoiie<e  wim  built  and 
ill  wliicli  tlii'v  coiniiieniMMl  pioneer  life.  Tliey 
had  hroiifjht  witli  them  coiisiderahle  stock,  and 
e>i^uo;ed  in  stock-iaising.  The  tiithcr  was  con- 
lined  i)  the  house  and  most  of  the  time  to  his  hcd 
diiriiiir  the  Hrst  winter,  his  iiidis|)ositioii  lici!!!; 
due  to  tlie  (dl'ccts  of  ii  wound  received  in  the  ISIack 
Hawk  war,  where,  in  the  hattle  of  Had  A.\i<,  he 
waK  shot  tliroiiirh  the  1iiiij.m,  from  the  effects  of 
which  wound  he  never  fully  recovered.  In  con- 
MM|iience,  their  little  son,  mounted  on  a  hojv'-, 
did  the  most  ot  the  herdinj^  of  the  Htock,  and 
altliou;;li  the  father  became  better  in  health,  y>  \ 
he  was  never  able  to  do  a  wiiole  dayV  work,  Ji'id 
died  in  ISon.  ^'reatly  himentei!  by  his  family 
and  frieiidrt.  He  was  an  honest,  iiidiititrious  and 
kind-hearted  man, and  was  in uch  esteemed  by  all 
who  knew  him.  He  took  a  prominiMit  part  in  the 
early  |)olitical  atl'airsof  ()rca(in.  He  was  a  Uhifi; 
and  was  elected  by  his  constitueiitstothe  position 
of  (.'oiinty  .liidjje.  di8cliaro;ini;  his  duties  in  that 
capacity  with  jndi^meiit  and  im|)artiality.  Ho 
was  a  consistent  member  of  the  Nfetliodist  H)pis- 
copal  (Jliiireli.  to  the  siipjiort  of  which  lie  lib- 
erablly  contributed,  both  of  his  means  and  iiitlii- 
ence.  His  faithful  wife  survived  him  until 
18S4,  when  she  e.\pircd.  leavinj^  many  friends 
to  mourn  her  loss.  She  was  a  woman  of  intel- 
hVcnce,  and  c^reat  industry,  kiiiddiearted  and 
generous,  and  had  many  warm  friends. 


The  subject  of  onr  >k(«tcli  receivecl  his  I'diica- 
tion  at  the  Mi'Minnville  Colleoe,  alterwaril 
Hlitdyin^  mcdic.ini^  at  l.afMyi'tte.  He  commenced 
the  practice  of  incilieim^  in  the  fall  of  IM!,"),  ut 
l''orent  Orovn;  remained  there  on(>  yt'iir,  tiieii 
moved  to  Marion  (Mimty,  and  priu'tieed  there 
three  years,  lilliii}^  the  otiice  of  (loroner  two 
years;  then  moved  to  .Mc.Minnville,  and  in  187IS 
firadiiated  iit  the  ('ooper  .Medical  Collej^e,  of 
San  I'raiiciscd,  returning  to  Mc.\[iiiiiville  and 
resuming  his  practice,  where  he  has  remained 
iiiosf  of  the  time  since.  His  practice  has  ex- 
tended through  Yarn  Hill  and  I'olk  coiintieH, 
and  ItaH  riMpiired  his  traveling  long  distaneug, 
night  and  day,  in  iiotli  nieasant  and  storiny 
weather,  to  alleviate  siith'riiig  tind  cure  the 
atHicted.  Ho  has  served  alike  the  rich  and  iioor, 
to  the  best  of  his  ability,  never  withholding  his 
skill  from  the  |ioor  and  altlicled,  but  rather  be- 
stowing in  charity  tlmse  attentions  which  far 
surpassed  alms. 

This  uninterrupted  devotion  to  priictiei<  has 
made  inroads  on  his  health,  and  he  now  finds 
liimself  unable  to  undergo  the  hard  practice  of 
his  earlier  years,  and  is  eiideavoriiiir  to  take  life 
a  little  easier. 

In  .laniiary,  1862,  the  Doctor  was  married  to 
.Miss  (!ecilia  .M.  Spem^er.  an  estimable  lady  and 
a  native  of  I'cniisylvania.  She  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  John  Spencer,  a  well-known  M»'thod- 
ist  minister,  who  crossed  the  jilains  to  ( >regon 
in  1852.  They  had  one  daugliter,  Ilosamoiid  1. 
After  twenty-seven  years  of  happy  married  life, 
Mrs.  Young  died,  greatly  lamented  by  her  fam- 
ily and  friends,  to  whom  she  had  endearcij  hor- 
B'if  by  her  intelligence  and  great  amiability  of 
disposition.  She  was  a  deeply  devimt  church 
woman,  and  gave  much  attention  to  the  weltare 
of  both  (diurcli  and  Suiidayscho(d.  bv  both  of 
wliicli  her  death  was  mourned  .is  a  public 
calamity. 

In  the  fall  of  1889  Dr.  Young  married  Miss 
ilennie  M.  Newell,  a  highly  esteemed  lady,  and 
a  native  of  Illinois. 

The  Doctor  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  Y'am  Hill  county.  He 
served  for  four  years  as  Coroner  of  the  county, 
giving  entire  satisfaction  td  all  concerned,  lie 
has  dealt  somewhat  in  real  estate,  and  still  owns 
some  valuable  property,  among  which  is  a  part 
of  his  father's  original  donation  claim. 

lie  is  a  Itoyal  Arch  Mason  and  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  ().  V.  W.,  being  the  Medical  Ex- 
aminer of  the  latter  society. 


T 


lllt^roUY    <ih'   oliKHoN. 


itfim 


I'olitiually.  Iiu  i><  a  Uc|iiililicHii,  hiuI  rnkctt  u 
il('t'|)  intci'L'Ht  ill  tlic  itttiiirH  or  hitt  Stuti'  iiiiil 
country.  Ili^  Iiiih  rcnidi'il  tor  forty-two  yimrii 
ill  ( >rt'gi III,  Hill!  witiKtHMiMJ  itH  ^rrttiiiiiii  ruc.liiiim- 
tioii  rrmii  11  will!  iiikI  iiiiN'ttliMJ  coniitry  t<>  oiiu 
ikliduinliii^^  ill  liij^lily  ('iiitiviilt'ii  liclijs  of  irrititi 
lliid  Imp-  oiclmriin  bcMilin;^  wilii  tlic  ut'i^iit  of 
tlic  cliiiict'ttl  fruit;  uitliii  |Mi|iiiliitiiiii  of  tlioii- 
ennilt*.  all  iMlcllii^cnt,  iniJiit'trioiiM  iiiiii  ilovoicil  to 
till)  Sliit'V  liijfluTi  iiml  lii'!-t  iiitciTsli*.  'riiriviii^' 
citit'ft  liiicl  towns  (lot  the  ]iriiirii^  wliero  onci^  tliu 
(Icitr  iind  iintL'lo|ie  \v:inilcl'i'(|  ut  will;  ht('iimi'lii|)(i 
of  tlio  nuwt'ht  linild  iiml  latest  H|i|iliiini'Ci«  |ily  to 
and  fro  on  tlio  licaiitifiil  rivcru,  whose  siirfa<:t! 
was  once  riitlled  liy  only  tlie  oecasional  di|)  of 
an  Indian  paddle,  or  tlie  wini;  id'soiiie  lowllying 
liird.  'I'liiis  liviiij:,  lie  lias  iieconie  wedded  in 
tlion;;lil  and  daily  e\|ierieiice  to  this,  one  ot'tlie 
most  (»lorioiis  of  the  iiiaiiy  niiignilit'unt  Stateiiof 
the  Union. 


-s$**' 


•*— 


flD(iE  J.  .1.  Wll  ITNKY,  li  prominent  niein- 
her  ot  the  Liiin  county  liar,  ami  a  highly 
resjiectecl  citi/un  of  .Vllmny,  Oreoon,  was 
luirn  in  Detiaiice,  <  )hi(i,  in  1X40.  His  H:ice«torrt 
ciiiiie  from  Kiioland  to  .\iiierica.  and  settled  in 
the  (\)imectieut  colony  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. John  Whitney,  the  .ludf^e's  father,  was 
liorii  near  Hartford,  IJoiiiiecticut,  and  spent  his 
early  life  there,  .\fter  rcachiiiff  manhood  he 
removed  to  Ithaea,  New  York.  He  married 
Miss  Until  Iliitthinsoii,  .md  in  WM  settled  jier- 
niaiiently  at  1  )eliance,  Ohio,  where  he  followed 
his  trade,  that  <if  slioemaker. 

The  sulijeet  of  our  sketch  wn^  thrown  iijiom 
his  own  resources  at  the  aj;e  of  thirteen.  He 
found  eniphiymeiit  on  a  t'ariii,  at  first  workinir 
for  his  board,  his  wages  heiii)/  fixed  from  time 
to  time,  cotnmensiirate  with  his  increasing  years 
and  usefulness.  At  twenty  he  decided  to  seek 
an  occupation  throufjli  the  channels  opened  hy 
education,  and  to  this  end  heiran  to  study,  ap- 
plying; himself  witli  jrreat  dilij^ence.  Two  years 
and  a  half  later  he  liefjan  readiiii;  law  in  the 
office  of  Henry  Hardiii>r,  of  Defiance,  and  in  the 
fall  of  18Ga  entered  the  Law  School  at  .Mliaiiy, 
New  York.  He  was  admitted  to  the  l)ar  in  tlie 
spring  of  18t)4,  returneii  to  Defiance,  and  coiii- 
meiiccd  practice,  and  in  the  fall  canvassed  the 
county  for  Geor<re  1!.  McClellan,  Democratic 
nominee  for  President,  carrying  his  county,  and 


gaining;  a  repiltiitioli  us  a  |Hililieal  or^allllHr. 
He  soon  afterward  started  for  California,  via 
.New  York  and  the  Isthmus  of  ranania,  and 
lan(li>d  safe  in  San  Kraneisco.  Kroni  there  he 
went  to  the  Idaho  mines,  want  of  nieaiis  making 
it  iiecesMary  for  him  to  widk,  and  after  a  few 
months  spent  in  miiiln;.;  we  find  him  in  the  fall 
of  1st).")  in  I'oitlaiid.  <  >r,'piii.  The  fullowin^ 
winter  he  was  eiij^aiJi'd  i:i  ti'iu'hiiijf  in  the  Waldo 
Hills,  and  afterward  taught  nine  months  near 
Krowiisv  ille.  in  the  spring;  ot  lSt)7  he  oetlled 
in  Alliany.  He  hint  sinci*  heeii  engageil  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  here,  la'ing  now  one 

of   the  oldest   practitioners  in  tin unty.      In 

1M71  he  was  eleete(|  I)istri(^t  .\ttoiney,  and  in 
\H~H  WHS  re-eleeled  to  the  haiiie  ollice  liy  a  roiis- 
iiio-  majority,  running  700  votes  ahead  of  his 
ticket.  In  IMS:.'  he  was  elected  to  the  Slate 
l,e;;islatuie.  While  a  ineinli,  r  of  that  liodv  he 
drafted  and  iiitrndiiceci  the  lull  reducing  the 
fees  of  Sheriff  and  State  employes,  which  lie 
came  a  law.  He  also  reiidereij  other  ellieient 
service  while  in  the  l.egislatu>'e,  performing  his 
duty  in  a  manner  that  rellected  cri-dit  on  liiin- 
self  anil  his  constituents.  In  IMS4  he  was 
electe(l  (lounly  .1  iidgi',  and  served  four  years. 
Since  1SS8  he  has  Keen  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  i)rofes^i()n. 

.Iildge  Whitney  wa^  married  in  San  .lose,  in 
Deceinher,  18s'.(,'to  Miss  Kli/alielh  Wotlake.  a 
native  of  ( )regon,  and  adaiighter  of  ('yriis  West- 
lake,  a  pioneer  of  1S48.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren: Stevi'ii  A.  and  John  Cyrus.  The.lndge 
has  accumulated  coiisiileralile  pmiierly.  He 
linilt  his  re,-ii!'iice  on  the  curner  of  I'ourth  and 
Maple  streets,  in  lS7!).  and  in  this  county  he 
owns  a'loiit  0(H)  acres  of  land. 

.1  lldi'"  Whitney  is  a  good  e\iilll|ile  of  the  ~clf 
made  man.     l-'rom  a  poor  hoy  !;■   rturkcil  his  wiij- 
up  to   his   pre.si'iit   position  of  Wealth  ami  iiiliii 
eiice,  this  residt  l)eiiig  attained  through  his  own 


unaideii  i 


ft'orts. 


^IH^^*- 


tOiiKKT  WH  ITNKY.  a  pioneer  of  is  17, 
and  one  of  the  prominent  fanni'rs  of  French 
I'rairie.  is  a  native  of  tlii'  State  of  Indiana, 
horn  in  La  (iraiige  county,  Dircmhcr  '2S,  ISIil. 
II  ■  is  of  Knglifh  ancestry,  his  father,  William 
Whitney,  having  lieen  horn  in  Lincolnshire  in 
the  year  1807.  He  married  a  lady  of  his  own 
country,  Miss  Kli/.alie'h  Taylor,  who  was  three 
months  v<iunger  than  himself. 


\       11 


m0 


1370 


UISTOUr    OF    OUEGON. 


In  1S28  William  Whitney  ciiino  to  the  (Initwl 
Slates,  to  pnsli  liiw  fortniii's.  unrl  in  1830  la- sent 
for  Ilia  wife  and  (iliild,  and  at'ti^r  tlio}'  oaiiie  they 
settled  in  the  State  of  New  Jei'sey.  In  18)52 
tliey  went  to  Pennsylvania,  where  they  resided 
for  two  years,  and  in  1834  removed  to  Indiana, 
where  tiiey  remained  nine  moni,  but  in  1847 
Mr.  Whitney  with  his  little  family  erossed  the 
plains  to  Orei^on.  The  children  then  were: 
Josepii,  Koliert,  .lames,  Eli/.ahetii,  Sarah  and 
Alices  After  a  journey  of  six  months' duration 
they  arrived  safely  at  French  Prairie,  in  Marion 
county,  where  he  pui'chased  a  settli-r's  right  to 
ti  doiuition  chum  of  040  acres  of  choice  land, 
from  a  Mr.  I'arnard.  Upon  this  place  was  a 
log  hoiisis  and  thirty  acres  of  this  place  was 
fenc(^d. 

When  tlie  Whitney  family  began  pionc^er  life 
in  the  new  country  it  was  but  sparsely  settled, 
but  the  following  year  jrold  was  discovered,  and 
with  a  few  of  his  neighbors  he  made  tlie  journey 
overland  to  Ca'if(>''"ia,  in  1848,  and  enjraged  in 
mining  on  the  Mcxiuelumne  river.  Here  he  re- 
mained about  six  months,  undergoing  much 
hardship,  but  retnriu^d  witli  ^1,200  in  gold. 
He  then  tnrne(l  his  attention  to  farming,  and 
becMUie  the  owner  of  other  tracts  of  land,  and 
hitei-  in  life  he  gave  these  to  his  children.  Mis 
death  occurred  .lune  1,  1S78,  his  good  wife  hav- 
ing passed  away  April  ('),  1875.  They  were 
kind,  hosjjitaiile  people,  well  and  widely  known 
by  the  piont'ers,  and  enjoyed  the  esteem  of  all 
who  knew  them. 

Robert  was  the  fourth  child  in  the  family  of 
his  parents,  and  was  in  his  thirteenth  year  wIkmi 
he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Oregon.  Here 
he  iittendeil  school,  hut  later  entered  the  mines 
at  I'lorence  City,  and  in  18(i4  at  Boice,  wher(> 
he  worked  the  most  of  the  time  for  wages,  re- 
ceiviTig  $100  p(>r  month.  He  was  married  Feb- 
ruary 12,  18t>(),  to  Miss  Hannah  Pendleton, 
a  native  of  Logan  county.  Illinois,  born  January 
1(),  1837,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  ('hampney  Pendle- 
ton, who  with  his  family  came  t(t  Oi'egon  in  1847, 
settling  on  a  donation  claim  on  IJaker's  Praii'ie, 
wluM'e  he  died  in  1857,  his  wife  having  died  in 
1MM2,  in  her  sixty-seventh  vfiai'. 

After  marriage  Mr.  and  ^Ir8.  Whitney  settled 
on  the  present  farm  of  590  acres,  they  having 
purchased  it  from  his  father,  jiaying  down 
.ta.OOO.  and  going  in  debt  $2,200,  at  (i  per 
cent.;  and  this  debt  bns  all  been  paid,  and  other 
land,  amounting  to  sixty- three  acres,  were  a<lded; 
lull  now,  after  selling  some  of  it,  there  remain 


544  acres,  and  it  is  one  of  the  choicest  farms  in 
the  county.  In  1876  our  subject  Imilt  a  good 
residence  on  the  property,  and  has  lately  turned 
his  attention  to  hop-raising.  Mr.  and  Mrfe.  Whit- 
ney have  h.ad  nine  children  born  at  their  present 
home,  and  their  names  are  as  follows:  George 
Washington;  Clara  B.;  Oliver  0.;  Ardala  M., 
now  Mrs.  Jos(^pli  F.  Barnes,  residing  near  her 
parents;  Asa;  (Jlarence;  Andrew  Love;  Goldsby 
Ilonesty;  and  Lincoln. 

Mr.  Whitney  is  in  politics  a  Republican,  and 
he  and  his  oldest  son  are  inetnbers  of  both 
branches  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  of  the  K.  of  P. 
This  family  is  one  of  the  highest  credit,  and  one 
that  is  deserving  of*  the  esteem  in  which  it  is 
held  through  Marion  county. 

jISS  IIARUIET  OSGOOD  TIIOMS, 
vice-principal  of  the  Atk.iison  Scliool, 
Portland,  is  a  native  of  Wisconsin.  Her 
father,  William  Thonis,  was  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Maine.  Her  ancestors  une  from 
(iieat  Britain  and  settl^nl  in  New  England  early 
in  the  history  of  this  country.  Her  father,  a 
worker  in  lirass  and  a  civil  engineer,  married 
Jenette  Perkins,  a  native  of  his  own  State  and 
of  Scotch  ancestry,  who  came  from  the  High- 
lands of  the  old  coun'^^rv  to  Maine  in  colonial 
times.  They  had  three  children,  of  whom  Miss 
Tlionis  is  the  only  survivor. 

She  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Madison,  Wisconsin,  an<l  at  the  States  University 
there,  taking  a  special  coui'so  also  in  the  School 
of  Methods,  in  Saratoga,  Xew  York,  and  also  a 
special  course  in  mathematics,  in  the  State  of 
Massachusetts.  She  began  her  school  work  in 
the  fifth  grade  of  the  public  schools  of  Madison, 
and  taught  in  all  the  grades  up  to  that  of  junior 
mathematics  in  the  high  school,  her  te.aching 
extending  over  a  jieriod  of  fifteen  years,  when 
she  resigned  to  accept  a  position  in  the  sixth 
grade  of  the  Couch  School,  in  Portland.  A  year 
afttTward  she  was  promoted  to  her  present  posi- 
tioii,  as  vice-principal  of  the  Atkinson  School. 
She  is  a  thorouiih  scholar  and  teacher,  endowed 
with  excellent  thinking  power,  able  to  present 
clearly  and  illustrate  aptly  all  the  difficult  prob- 
lems arising  in  studies  pursued  by  her  pupils. 
Her  specialty  is  inathematics.  in  which  she  is 
exce(itionally  ca]iable. 

In  188fi-'87  she  had  the  honor  of  being  the 
President  of  the  National  Educational  Associa- 


UlHTOliY    Oh'    (tn/'J(l'h\. 


1371 


MIS   III 

ii'tied 
UMiit- 
•eseiit 


ami 

botli 

of  P. 

one 
it  is 


tioii.  Wiien  slio  rcsi<;iiL'(l  licr  position  iit  Miuli- 
80n,  it  WI18  with  ovtremt;  rt'liii'lancc  iind  rcirrct 
tlint  the  school  otticurs  [lartud  with  lier  st'i\  iocs 
as  teacher.  Tlie  recoininLMniatioiis  j^rivoii  heron 
that  occasion,  ami  the  resolntions  paBsed  con- 
Lorning  her  standino;,  etc.,  were  of  the  very 
liiffheet  character.  Since  coniinfr  to  Portland 
nhe  has  been  equally  siiccessfid,  having  estah- 
lished  herself  as  a  teacher  of   the  highest  order. 

fB.  TIIORSON.-  The  magnificent  l.readlh 
of  the  area  of  ( )re<,'on  is  [lecnliarly  adapted 
o  to  the  growth  of  iiHiopenti<'iice  and  n])- 
bnilding  of  chariicter  of  her  inhabitants,  wliilo 
herwondertii!  advantages  of  soil  and  climate  offer 
iiniiBiuil  opportunities  to  those  of  energy  ami 
ability  to  acciiinlilate  an  abiimlaiice  of  this 
world's  goods.  Ainong  those  who  have  |)rolitcd 
by  these  advantages,  no  om;  is  more  worthy  of 
mention  than  the  gentleman  whose  name  lieadj 
this  brief  notice. 

J.  n.  Thorson,  prominent  as  a  business  man 
and  enterprising  citizen  of  La  (Trande,  was  born 
in  Gothenburg,  Sweden,  December  5,  1882. 
Ilis  earlier  years  were  passed  in  his  native  city, 
and  he  was  afforded  the  liberal  educational  ad- 
vantages of  some  of  the  best  schools  of  Sweden. 
He  learned  the  trade  of  nnichinist,  and,  had  ho 
finii^hed  the  prescribed  course  of  stuily  at  tlu^ 
school  he  was  attending,  he  would  have  n^- 
ceived  a  diploma  as  an  engineer,  but  his  imagin- 
ation had  early  been  exciti^l  by  the  glowing  ac- 
counts of  the  marvelous  o[)portiinities  offered  to 
those  of  industry  anu  persevi'rance  by  America, 
and  realizeil  an  ardent  desire  to  test  those  ad- 
'antages.  Accordingly,  he  left  school  and  em- 
barked for  the  New  World,  landing  in  lioston, 
in  1881,  with  $1.00  in  money,  but  well  provided 
with  hope  and  unalterable  determination,  lie- 
ing  a  good  mechanic,  he  soon  found  employ- 
ment, which  calling  he  continue(l  to  follow  in 
the  cities  of  Boston,  New  York,  i'hiladclphia, 
I'ittsbiirg  and  other  imuiufacturing  centers  of 
the  East  until  188<).  lie  then  came  t(j  Oregon, 
and  after  worlving  in  the  railroad  sliops  at  Port- 
land, Klleidiurg,  Helena,  Hulte,  and  through 
lilaho  back  to  the  Dalles,  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  a  eounrryman  of  his,  Charles  Mill- 
(juist,  and  )hey  entered  into  business  in  I, a 
Grande.  P>y  close  attention  to  details,  persever- 
ing in<lustry,  uiirightness  in  dealing  with  others 
and    uniform  courtesy,  they  Inivi^  met  with  llat 


rering  success,  and.  f(U'  young  men,  have  ac- 
euninlated  (piite  a  fortune.  Tliey  are  now  the 
ownei's  (if  11  large  brick  block  in  the  business 
portion  of  the  town,  b<'sidcs  other  valuable  pro|)- 
erty  in  Portland,  Dallas,  KIgin  and  La  Grande, 
and  have  stock  in  the  National  Hank  of  the 
latter  place.  'Phis  success,  entirely  unaidecl, 
conveys  more  forcibly  than  words  thii  worth  ami 
enterprise  of  these  young  men.  With  jiersever- 
ing  industry  they  have  bent  circumstaiu'cs  to 
their  will,  and  pressed  with  undaunted  front  to 
the  foremost  rank  of  eommerei'd  life. 

Politically,  they  are  Itejiublicans,  although 
their  private  affairs  jireclnde  their  engaging 
actively  mi  public  matters,  further  than  to  exer- 
cise their  right  of  franchise. 

Of  mechanical  ability,  varied  experience  and 
indomitable  eneriry,  these  young  men  justly  en- 
joy prominence  in  their  community,  wldle  their 
liberality,  pulilic  spirit  and  other  sterling  nuali- 
ties  of  mind  and  heart  lia\t'  gained  for  them  the 
universal  esteem  of  their  fePow-men. 

'ii.  If.  CONYKIiS.adealcrinre.il  estate 
and  also  an  insurance  broker  and  No- 
o  tary  Public  (pf  Clatskanie,  <'(dumbia 
county,  Oregon,  is  our  subject  in  the  present 
sket<'h.  For  many  years  he  has  been  coiniectecl 
with  the  real-esta'  i  business  itnd  is  prcdiably  the 
best  posted  dealer  in  this  section  of  the  country 
in  real  estate  and  the  values  of  all  kinds  of 
land.  His  business  extends  throughout  this  and 
other  counties  and  even  bey<inil  the  .'^tate  limits, 
holding  o|)tions  on  large  ami  valuable  timber 
tracts  in  the  State  of  Washington,  extending  as 
far  north  as  Olym|iiaand  Seattle.  His  biisini^ss 
has  bi^en  a  successful  and  constantly  iiu'reasing 
one  from  the  start. 

Mr.  (\myers  came  to  Oregon  more  than 
twenty  yt'ars  ago.  and  during  bis  resicleiice  in 
the  State  he  has  tilled  somct  <d'  the  most  ini- 
jiortant  otlices'of  (,'olumbia  county.  He  was 
born  at  (iiiincy.  Illinois.  .Vjiril  K'l.  1810,  ami 
his  parents  were  Knocli  and  Gatherin(!  (  Parsons) 
< 'onyers.  the  lather  a  native  of  Kentucky  an<l 
the  mother  of  New  Hampshire.  The  t'ormer 
died  in  181!(  and  the  latter  jiassecl  away  seven 
years  pri^vioiisly.  They  hail  four  childre!i.  of 
whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  thinl. 
When  young  he  went  to  live  with  his  maternal 
grandfather  and  worked  on  the  farm  until  ho 
was    twelve   years  of    age.      .\t    this   lime    his 


1272 


nisroiiY  ov  ohkoon. 


])!ii'fnts  were  liolli  doad,  iiiiil  liciiig  cif  an  iiide- 
i)L'tiil('iit  cliai'acter  lio  cuiicliKled  to  .start  out  in 
lift!  for  liiniselt. 

Witli  tliu  tolly  of  youth,  he  started  out  from 
liis  irranii father's  home  when  a  nien>  lad,  tlnis 
clieatiiiiT  himself  of  tiie  opportunity  of  an  edu- 
cation, aitiiougii  in  lifter  years  when  he  ivalized 
his  delicieiicies  he  reine<lied  his  early  haste  by 
unplieation  and  perseverance,  lie  now  ranks 
anioti^  ihe  most  capaljie  liusiness  men  of  liis 
section.  At  the  city  of  (^uincy  he  leariie(l  the 
trade  of  inachinist,  servinjr,  however,  but  one 
year,  and  then  <lecideil  to  learn  tlie  hhicksmitli's 
trade,  whicli  he  followed  until  the  hreakinir  out 
of  the  War. 

Ill  18()1  Ml'.  Conyers  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
Company  \),  Si.xteentii  Illinois  Infantry,  and 
took  part  in  the  ('apture  of  Island  No.  10  and 
other  noted  eiiiraifenients.  lie  was  connected 
with  the  Annies  ot  the  Mississippi  andtheCurii- 
herland  and  served  four  years,  during  which 
time  he  was  promoted  to  he  Lieutenant  and 
served  on  tlu^  staff  of  (ieneral  .laines  D.  Mor- 
gan, lie  was  mustered  out  at  Annapolis,  Mary- 
land, hy  reason  of  lieiiiij  a  prisoner  of  war,  in 
IHti.l,  and  on  his  return  home  lie  was  appointed 
to  a  position  in  the  post  otKoe  department,  in 
which  position  he  remained  until  1871. 

Mr.  Oonyi  rs  then  went  to  Oregon  and  en- 
gage<l  in  farming  near  Clutskanie,  his  jiresent 
lionie,  which  vocation  he  followed  for  several 
years,  until,  in  1878,  he  was  elected  County 
Sheriii',  and,  two  years  later,  reelected  to  the 
same  olHce.  Afti^r  serviuij  in  this  important 
position  for  four  years  he  was  elected  County 
Clerk,  serving  a  term  of  two  years,  when,  in 
18s4,  he  returned  to  the  farm  on  which  his 
family  now  reside.  I'esides  his  farm,  Mr.  Con- 
yers also  owns  valuable  city  projierty.  He  was 
first  appointeil  a  Notary  Public  bv  Governor 
Moody  in  1S8"J. 

In  I8(i0,  Mr.  Conyers  was  nmrried,  in  Uo- 
chelle,  Illinois,  to  Miss  ,\nna  James,  a  native  of 
Maine  and  an  a<lo|ited  daughter  of  Dr.  Ih'own, 
of  Meiidcui,  Illinois.  Their  family  consists  of  live 
living  children:  Louisa  C,  wife  of  Charles 
JSIeserve,  proprietor  of  the  Oregon  City  Enter- 
jirise;  ami  Mary,  the  second  daughter,  who  is 
connected  with  the  same  journal  as  bookkeeper; 
N(yra  II.  is  studying  landscape  and  portrait 
painting  in  Portland;  (ieorj^e  P.  and  Laura  M. 
are  still  at  honn';  ImiocIi  died  in  l!S78. 

Politically,  Mr.  ('oiivers  is  a  stanch  and  stead 
fast  liejiublican  and  has  always  taken  an  active 


interest  in  the  advancement  and  de' eloprnent  of 
his  county  and  8tate,  of  which  he  is  a  popular 
and  esteemed  citizen.  In  socia'  matters,  he  is 
allied  with  St.  Helen's  Lodge-,  No.  33,  A.  F.  & 
A.  M.,  and  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  has  passed  all  the 
official  chairs  in  the  subordinate  lodge  and  be- 
longs to  the  Kncampinent  deij;iee  of  tli;'  order. 
Mrs.  (!onyers  is  a  lad}'  of  relinement  and  culture, 
possessed  of  rare  e.vjcntive  ability.  She  also  is  a 
Notary  and  assists  her  husband  in  his  busir<-AS, 
not  unfrerjuently  taking  charge  and  Ur  U"iii' 
responsibility  during  his  absence. 


l-^^s-*- 


-frl€4 


fEOUGE  H.  THURSTON,  who  has  been  a 
resident  of  the  State  of  Oregon  since  1847, 
was  born  at  liiirlington,  Iowa,  December 
3,  1846,  a  son  of  the  Hon.  Samuel  11.  Thurston, 
whose  sketch  is  given  on  page  475  of  this  work. 
George  11.  was  educated  at  Willamette  Uni- 
versity and  in  other  schools  of  the  State.  lie 
began  his  career  in  the  business  world  in  18()4, 
Ds  chairman  of  a  Government  land  surveying 
party.  The  following  year  he  was  associated 
with"  W.  H.  Odell  and  H.  J.  Pengra,  who  lo- 
cated the  Oregon  Central  Military  Wagon  rtoad 
from  I'ooneville  City,  Idaho,  to  Eugene;  he 
thus  jiassed  his  summers  in  surveying,  and  dur- 
ing the  winter  attended  school  until  1870,  when 
he  bought  his  ranch  of  800  acres  near  Sjiring- 
field;  here  he  engaged  in  the  live-stock  business, 
and  during  the  same  year,  purchased  5,000 head 
of  sheep  which  he  sold  on  the  route  to  Oroville, 
Calif(U'nia.  In  the  spring  of  1871  he  returned 
to  Eugene,  and  engaged  in  public  surveys  wl'ioii 
he  followed  for  three  seasons. 

Jlr.  Thurston  was  united  in  marriage,  March 
26, 1872,  to  Miss  Marietta  Henderson,  a  daughter 
of  Knoch  Henderson,  an  early  ]>ioiiei>r  of  Ore- 
gon. After  his  marriage  he  continuiMl  in  the 
live-stock  trade  and  Government  surveys  until 
1870,  when  'le  began  reading  law  with  George 
U.  Dorris,  of  Eugene;  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  October  5,  1882,  bnt  did  not  engage  in 
active  practice,  except  as  referred '  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  land  business  of  the  Willamette 
Valley  and  ('ascade  Mountain  Wagon  Road;  he 
conducted  the  business  until  1883,  residing  in 
Portland.  T!-is  coiu'ludeii,  ii.'  r.-Mirned  to  his 
ranch  at  Springfieh'  arid  has  r '  !«■  his  head- 
(luartcrs  there  whili  lookin|'  af  i  ds  specula- 
tions and  stock  interests. 


niHTOHY  OF  onmaoN. 


1S78 


In  1S80  he  embarked  in  the  raising  of  sheep 
in  eastern  Orefron,  ami  eontinueil  witli  marked 
success  nntil  1887,  wiien  through  a  severe  win- 
ter he  lost  10,01)0  head;  in  1890  he  sold  his 
sheep,  hut  still  owns  a  range  of  3,700  ueres  in  ] 
Lake  county.  { 

Mr.  and  Afrs.  Thurston  have  three  pjiildren:   | 
lilandina  S.,  Samuel    IJ.  and   Anita    Hlizabetii.   j 
Our  subject  is  a  member  of  no  secret  societies, 
and  seeks  no  jjolitical  honors.     Ho  has  devoted   j 
his  energies  to  ids  business,  and   has   met  witli 
the  success  equal  to  his  efforts. 

fONATIIAN  TODD,  an  esteeincil  citizen  of  i 
Mc]\Iinnville,  is  11  native  of  Nradison  eountv,   ! 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  born  Feiiruarj  12,   j 
1S16.     His  t'atlier,  .Fosepb  Todd,  was  a  native  of  | 
K(n-th  (Carolina,  where  he  was    born    in    1777.   i 
The  family  was  of  English  descent,  and   among 
the   larliest    settler.s    of   North    (/ai'oiina.      His 
father  married  Cjntlua  Williams,  a  dauirhter  of 
.Tarrett  Williams,  a  distinguished  Kevoliitionarv 
soblier.     T'hey  removed   to  Missouri  In  the  fall 
of  1S17,  locating  in  Howard  county,  neai'   Fay- 
ette.    Here  they  resided    four  years,  and    then 
removed  to  Clay  county,  in  the  same  State,  re- 
nniining  there  until  1838.     They  then  removed 
to   I'lattc   county,  where    they  remained    until 
1853.  at  which  time  his  father  died,  aged  seven- 
ty-three years.     Their  eleven  children    grew   to 
niaidiood  and  womanhood,  live  of  them  still  liv- 
ing, three   tons  and    two    daughters.      He    had 
been  for  forty  years  a  IJaptist,  when   he  united 
with  the  Christian  Church.     He    was  a   great 
and  good  man,  and   was  lamented   by  all   wlio 
knew  him.      [lis  wife   stirvived   him,  and   died 
aged  eighty-six  years. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  was  reared  in  Mis- 
souri, whore  he  was  married  to  Miss  I'atsey  A. 
Hrock,  a  native  of  lielniont  county,  Ohio.  He- 
foj'e  his  marriage,  he  purchased  land  in  I'latte 
county,  Missouri,  and  later  removed  to  .\ndrew 
county,  same  State,  where  he  married.  They 
had  eight  chihlren,  one  of  whom  died  in  in 
fancy,  the  others  still  surviving,  and  comfortably 
set  I  led  in  life. 

Wlum  Mr.  Todd  came  to  Oregon  in  18(15,  lu^ 
brought  with  liini  his  wife  and  seven  (diildreii. 
The  names  and  present  location  of  the  chil- 
dren are  as  follows;  ({oliert  Harrison  lives  in 
Davenport,    Washingtoi.,    and     is  cashier  of  a 


bank  at  that  place;  Mary  F^.  is  the  wife  of  the 
licv.  Peter  It.  IJurnett,  a  (Miristiau  minister 
residing  in  .Medford,  >lacksoii  countv;  Cynthia 
.Lis  the  wife  of  1>.  K.  Sjiarks,  and  resi<les  in 
Vani  [Hll  county  on  a  farm;  .losepli  A.  is  a 
merchant,  and  resides  in  McMinii'.  lie;  Martha 
A.  lives  with  her  parents;  Prince  W.  resides 
ill  Santa  Kosa,  ('alifornia,  wheri!  he  is  Deputy 
County  Clerk;  (Jeorgc!   \^.  is  with  his  parents. 

Mr  Todd  came  from  New  York  via  the 
Isthmus  and  from  San  Francisco  to  Oregon  by 
water.  He  cann!  dire(!t  to  Yam  Hill  county, 
where  he  ])iircbascd  2.")8  acres  of  ciiltivateil 
land,  located  a  mile  and  three  fcnirllis  west  (d' 
McMinnville.  wlien^  he  resided  and  farmed 
until  1877.  when  he  retired  from  active  lib', 
and  purchased  a  residence  in  McMiunville. 
where  he  now  resides.  WIkmi  he  purchaHcd 
bis  first  land,  it  cost  him  Sj*!'' ^I'l  "ere,  which 
he  improved  so  well  and  jiut  under  such  an 
excellent  state  of  cultivation  that  he  values  it 
at  ^50  an  acre,  ami  it  retlects  great  I'redit  on 
his  judgment  that  la^  slioiild  have  made  siu'ii 
a  wise  choice  of  laud  at  a  time  when  lie  (Miiild 
have  no  idea  of  the  futuri'  prosjucts  of  the 
country,  in  regard  to  location.  This  fortu- 
nate selection  'las  enabled  him  to  suppurt  ar.d 
educate  his  family,  and  provide  coinl'ortably 
for  himself  in  later  years. 

He  has  always  been  a  Democrat,  and  while 
residing  in  Missouri,  was  elected  to  the  posi- 
tion of  .lustice  of  the  Peace  by  an  admiring 
constituency.  ]''or  fifty  years  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  (liristian  Church,  to  which  his 
wife  also  belongs,  and  his  life  hiis  coufoniied 
in  practices  to  tlie  dictates  of  his  coiisciiuice. 
Honest,  industriiMiH,  persevering  and  econom- 
ical, he  has  provided  c<)mf(U'tably  bir  his 
wants  and  for  those  under  his  protectidii, 
while  his  amiability  and  iinsellisbness  have 
endeared  him  to  his  family  and  a  host  of  de- 
voted  friends. 


'^-- 


tKV.  CI>INTON  KHLLY.  deceased,  a  pio- 
neer iMefhodist  minister  of  Oregon,  was 
born  June  15,  1808,  on  Clifton  creek,  near 
Somerset,  the  county  seat  of  Pulaski  county, 
Kentucky,  at  the  place  now  known  as  Mt.  Zinii. 
His  JMiyiiood  uas  ^|)cnt  on  the  farm,  bis  eve 
niii;;s  devoted  to  readingaml  study. ami  altlioiigb 
his  school  days  were  few  be  ac(iiiiri'd  l>y    perhc- 


1874 


l/lsroiiV    OF    OIIKOON. 


vcriiij;  (.".\rc  »!iil  iinplicatioii  nifoid  oJiication  loi' 
tilt'  tiinus.  When  ijuite  .yoiiiiff  his  intellci'hial 
attainiiieiils  M'curifii  fur  liiin  the  position  of 
Bcliooliiiiister,  wliicli    poaitioii    lie   filled  acci-pta- 


ainoiig  his 
His  l)oyliood 
life  rc'Kpoiisi- 

itlior  'ieiny; 

'I'Dlll  lioini! 

.wiiieiit  of 


h\\j   for   sovi'ial    yciiis,    niiiiilifriiii; 

pupils  many  liis  senior  in  years. 

<lays  \vei(!  tew,  and  very  c    '\    in 

hiliticrt  were  tlinist  upon  lin 

a  nianiifactinuH'  and  neeessanl 

iiHicli  of  tlio  time,  tlie  care  and 

of  the  farm  early  devolved  upon  (.yiintoii,  iiii<ler 

the  supervision  of  liiw  mother. 

That  mother  wa.s  a  woiuan  of  iud)lu  charactiu', 
an  uncoinproinisiiijr  eneiiiy  to  the  use  of  ardent 
Bpirits,  faithful  and  true  to  her  b(do\ed  relij^ion 
and  the  eaiise  of  rif^ht.  This  irodly  woman  con- 
seerated  four  sons  to  the  itinerant  ministry,  who 
o\ereanie  a)(pareiitly  nnsurmountahle  obstacles 
to  becoiiK^  the  heiinu'.s  of  the  precious  tidinos  of 
salvation  to  a  fallen  race,  and  have  entered  upon 
their  reward.  What  liijfher  eneoiniunis  of  praise 
could  lie  hestowiud  upon  a  mother? 

Her  eldest  son,  in  a  reniarkahle  manner,  inani- 
festt'd  tlio^e  principles  which  ever  dominated 
his  sulise(|neiit  career.  He  was  led,  as  a  result 
of  such  training,  to  devote  his  lite  to  the  service 
(d'  (iod  anil  huinanity.  He  became  a  remarkable 
liihle  btiideiit,  many  hours  daily  being  devoted 
to  readiiij;;  and  meditatini;  upon  the  sacred  word. 
At  the  a<f(<  of  nineteen,  being  more  mature  than 
his  years,  he  was  bethrothed  to  Mary  llaston. 
Ahoiit  this  time  he  bcoaii  jiublic  exhortation, 
hnvino;  been  brouirht  under  eoiiviction  during  a 
revival  in  his  neighborhood,  and  converted 
shortly  thereafter,  while  rafting  logs  on  the 
Cumherland  river.  Ue  was  married  in  August, 
1S27,  and  five  sons  were  born  to  them,  of  whom 
three  are  living,-  -I'lynijiton  and  Arclion, — both 
of  Multnomah  county;  ami  Hampton,  of  Wasco 
eountv,  Ori'iion.  Shortly  after  marriage  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  thi>  AlethodiKt  EiiiKCo])al 
Church,  serving  in  that  ca])acity  for  several 
years,  lie  joined  the  Kentiudvy  Cont'erence  in 
1885,  and  was  assigned  to  tlu^  (ilasgow  circuit, 
with  Uev.  J.  V,.  V.  Thompson.  He  continued 
in  the  itinerent  service  until  the  division  of  the 
church  in  18+1-,  serving  thereafter  in  the  same 
Halation  the  Methodist  I'^piscopal  (Church  to  the 
timeof  hisdepartiire  to()regon.  He  strenuously 
opposed  church  division,  both  in  jmhlic  ami  pri- 
vate, chietly  for  two  reasons:  lie  was  unalterably 
opjiosed  to  slavery  and  considered  it  the  duty 
of  the  church  to  denounce  the  inhuman  traffic. 
He  prophesied  that  tho  separation  in  the  church 


Would  be  tli(!  first  step  toward  an  attempt  to 
disrupt  the  nation,  and  the  one  event  would 
necessarily  hasten  the  other,  when  fJucoln  was 
nominated  by  the  ('hicago  ilepuhlican  conven- 
tion of  18(50.  After  the  rupture  had  taken 
place  in  the  Charleston  Democratic  convention 
he  prophesied  that  war  was  inevitable. 

During  his  twelve  years,  active  connection 
with  the  Conference  he  traveled  over  the  greater 
jiiirty  of  Kentucky,  much  of  it  a  sparsely  settled 
wilderness,  making  his  work  exceeding  labori- 
ous and  attended  with  peculiar  hardships  and 
privations,  preaching  once  and  often  twice  each 
day.  except  Saturdays,  and  even  thus  occupied 
an  entire  month  would  be  necessary  to  a(H'()m- 
|)lish  one  entire  round.  Money  being  scarce, 
trade  was  carrieil  on  by  barter;  hence,  his  re- 
innne-ation  was  small  and  inadeijiiate  to  support 
his  family,  which  were  sustained  by  the  lahors 
of  his  sons  upon  the  farm,  he  assistiiii;  in  their 
maintenance  by  making  baskets,  .-epairiiig  shoes, 
t^tc,  as  he  rode  on  horseback  from  ap])iiintment 
to  aj)pointiiient. 

He  was  bereaveil  of  his  wife  June  14,  1837, 
and  was  united  in  mai-riage  to  Jane  Hums  in 
.1  line,  1838.  They  had  a  daughter,  now  deceased. 
His  second  wife  lived  but  two  years  after  mar- 
riage, dying  in  .luly,  1840.  After  this  event  he 
removed  with  his  young  family  to  his  mother's 
home,  his  father  having  died  in  1834.  The 
succeeding  winter,  .lannary  2(5,  1841,  liis 
beloved  mother  (lied,  leaving  him  deeply  and 
peculiarly  bereaved.  The  following  March, 
accordingly,  he  was  married  to  Mariali  Crain, 
by  whom  he  had  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living;  Sarah  M.  Kern,  East  Portland;  Hon.  Pe- 
numbra Kelly,  Hast  Portland;  Laura  F.  Turner, 
Tuhii-e  county,  California;  M.  Emily  Shaver, 
East  Portlanil;  K.  I!.  .Iiidy,  P'resno  county, 
Califorina;  and  Dr.  liichniond  Kelly,  i'ortland. 

.\fter  the  separation  of  the  church,  foreseeing 
that  a  rupture  must  occur,  and  desiring  to  rear 
his  family  far  from  the  blighting  intliience  of 
slavery,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  emigrating  to 
the  West.  Accordingly,  in  the  fall  of  1847, 
with  his  faniily  and  household  goods  loaded 
upon  three  wagons  and  a  cart  of  his  own  iiianu- 
facture,  he  set  out  from  Greene  county  toward 
Oregon.  The  winter  of  lS47-'48  was  spent  in 
Van  I'liren  county,  Missouri,  twenty  miles  south 
of  Independence,  departing  in  the  8))ring  for 
lu<liau  creek,  the  usual  reiidezvons  of  western 
emigration.  Here  the  train  was  made  up  and 
and  May  1  they  resumed  their  journey  toward 


J/ISTOnr    OF    OREGON. 


Vila 


the  st'ttiiij;  SUM.  Tlie  iiuideiits  of  tlio  joiinicy. 
the  hanlsliips,  the  trials  woi  such  as  hehniijud 
only  to  the  time  ami  plaee. 

They  arrived  at  the  Dalles  late  in  September, 
havinjr  suffered  the  loes  of  some  stock,  lint  not 
the  loes  of  hnnian  life.  From  the  Dalles  a  por- 
tion of  the  lionBeliold  goods  and  farming  imjile- 
ments,  ahont  2,500  pounds,  were  iransported  liy 
water  to  Oregon  City,  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  SaiTaran:  the  remainder,  with  the  family, 
crossed  the  Cascade  niountaitis  by  the  i'.arlow 
pass,  little  more  tiiau  an  elk  trail,  over  the  iriost 
precipitous  ground.  The  entire  iirst  day  was 
spent  in  desceiidinij;  what  was  called  tlie  "back- 
bone." Rain  having  (alien  the  night  previous, 
cattle  conld  barely  keep  on  their  feet,  and  the 
wajiofis  were  let  down  by  ro])es  dragging  logs 
behind.  Marks  u|ion  trees  and  rocks  to  this  day 
attest  the  daring  and  hardihood  of  the  pioneers. 
After  a  halt  at  Foster's,  they  proceeded  to  Oregon 
('ity,  then  the  metropolis  of  tlie  Pacific  coast, 
having  about  800  to  1,000  inhabitants.  Here 
the  winter  of  1848~'4U  was  spent. 

j'y  tlie  advice  of  Seth  Catlin,  Mr.  Kelly  vi.s- 
ited,  during  the  fall  of  184-8,  the  claim  near 
F]ast  Portland,  afterward  known  by  his  name, 
and  determined  to  locate  thereon,  lie  |iaid 
Baker,  the  agent,  §50  for  the  scpiatter's  title 
and  interest,  (considering  the  natural  advant- 
ages of  the  locaiion,  he  predicted  that  Portland 
was  destined  to  i)e  the  metropolis  of  the  North- 
west and  a  city  of  vast  proportions.  Karly  in 
the  spring  of  1849  he  moved  upon  his  doiuition 
claim  with  his  family.  The  country  was  cov- 
ered witli  tlie  forest  jiriineval,  through  which 
roanie<l  the  v.ild  beasts  at  their  own  free  will. 
The  roads  were  Indian  trails,  Mr.  Kelly  being 
the  Iirst  to  ojien  a  road  to  Portland.  The  neigh- 
bors were  few  and  widely  scattered,  but  none  so 
warm-hearted  and  hospitable.  He  was  atn(uig 
the  first  to  turn  bis  attention  to  gardening  and 
the  growing  of  fruit,  and  very  early  the  products 
of  his  garden  found  their  way  to  market,  first 
upon  wlieelbarrnw,  direct  to  tlu^  river,  thence 
conveyed  across  upon  his  own  tlatboat,  ^20  per 
load  not  inlrefjuently  being  realize<l. 

I'pon  the  Sabbath  the  entire  family  attended 
the  church  at  the  small  schoolhouse.  Here,  in 
the  first  Methodist  class  organized,  the  church 
letters  were  placLd.in  the  spring  of  184!l,  Plynij.- 
ton  and  Hampton  unitcil,  being  the  first  re- 
ceived on  pnjbation.  Mr.  Kelly's  ruling  pission 
through  life  was  to  do  good  to  others.  During 
his  residence  at  Oregon  City  he  preached  regu- 


larly, and  lifter  moving  he  linl  an  iippointment 
circ(dated  for  preaching  service  at  the  Portland 
schoolhouse,  which  he  maintained,  and  later,  at 
the  first  church  eilitice,  which  he  assisted  in 
building.  J'Or  ii  number  of  years,  aUo,  lie  con- 
ducted servii^es  iiigiihirly  at  Milwaukee,  walking 
the  entire  distance  by  a  trail  through  the  dense 
forest.  He  also  assisti'd  in  maintaining  ilivinc 
worship  at  various  points  on  the  Columbia 
slough,  Powell's  valley,  Carson's  prairie  and  at 
ditferent  camp-meetings.  I'pon  the  most  sightly 
knoll  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  he  erected  a 
large  two-story  log  hou.se,  wliicii  could  be  easily 
fortified  in  an  attack  from  the  Indians,  and  dur- 
ing the  "scare"  preceding  the  Indian  war  of 
1855  '5()  the  neighliors  flocked  in  and  were 
housed  and  fed  until  the  danger  subsided.  His 
home  was  always  a  refuge  for  the  poor,  and  a 
resort  where  neighbors  and  friends  delighleil  to 
congregate.  He  was  a  prominent  figure  in  the 
streets  of  Portland;  well  known  because  of  his 
strange,  coarse  garb,  favorably  knuwn  because  of 
his  unwavering  honesty  and  integrity.  .Misfortune 
overtook  him  in  .lanuary,  18(53,  by  the  death  of 
his  wife,  nee  Xancy  Canada,  and  ladu-  through 
(ire,  by  the  loss  of  home  and  articles  of  value; 
but  through  all  he  was  never  known  to  ninrmur 
or  complain.  He  died  June  111,  1875,  aged 
si.\ty  seven  years  and  four  days.  His  funeral 
was  attended  liy  a  large  concourse  of  |)eo|)b;, 
irathered  from  near  and  Car  to  manifest  their 
respect  for  a  man  whose  departure  created  a 
great  and  lasting  void. 

tlCIlMoXD  KFM.V,  .\.M.,  M.  D.,  dean 
of  the  medical  de|)artment  of  Willamette 
University,  was  born  at  Knst  Portia!',!  i'l 
1855,  the  eldest  of  twelve  children  of  Rev.  (Min- 
ton  Kelly,  whose  sketch  is  given  in  this  work. 
He  began  his  education  at  the  district  schocd  of 
East  Portland,  and  then  attended  the  Willamette 
I'niversity,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1^78, 
with  the  degree  of  I!.  A.  The  degree  of  \.  M. 
was  conferred  in  ISSI.  His  medical  cilucation 
was  secured  at  (he  Miami  Medical  College  at 
Cincinnati,  <  )hio,  where,  after  the  regular  course 
and  one  year  in  the  (tity  hospital  as  resident 
physician,  he  graduated  with  the  degree  of  M. 
I),  ill  1S84.  Then,  remaining  one  year  as  senior 
resident  physician  of  the  city  hospital,  he  re- 
turned to  Portland  in  the  spring  of  1885  and 
commenced  practice.     In  the  fall  of    18H5  he 


l'J7li 


IlI^rOHY    OF    OliNOON. 


acyi'ptc.l  l]n' ilifiir  of  tlieohBtetricsniuJ  tnicroscopy 
in  the  iiiudiciil  (lepartineiit  of  the  Willuinotte 
I  iiiviT.sity,  (k'h'veriiii,' lecturcH  three  diiys  eiicli 
wt'c^k,  and  in  IS'Jl  was  !i])])(iintt'd  dt'iin  of  the 
inediciil  (IcpartMient.  Ills  j)nu!lic,('  is  of  the  old 
sehoiii,  and  is  general  in  lioth  medicine  and 
Btirj^ery. 

^■6?^-%¥-— 

f3(K()Il(iK  I!.  MAUKI-K.— Proniinentamong 
'' —  the  linaneiers  and  l)iisin(^'*s  men  of  Port- 
land is  Mr.  Georfite  15.  Mai'klo,  who  was 
liorii  in  llazleton,  Pennsylvania,  in  1857.  For 
U|)vai'd  of  ^00  years  his  family  were  cla.«sed 
anion);;  tht^  li'adiiicr  hnsiness  men  of  the  State, 
(u'orge  1>.  Markle,  Sr..  was  u  native  of  Milton, 
I'ennsylvHriia.  and  settled  at  llazh^ton  in  18411, 
then  a  eoal-niniiiff  camp,  largely  owned  hy  his 
lirotlier-in-law,  Mr.  A.  Pardee,  in  whoso  eni- 
|)loy  Mr.  Markle  hegan  hnsiness  as  a  bookkeeper, 
eoal  dispatcher  and  snrveyor,  hein<^  a  natnral 
accountant,  (jiiick  at  tioiires  and  very  rapid  in 
computing  interest  and  valuations.  lie  snbso- 
fjuently  took  (duuve  of  the  Krm  store,  and  hy 
liis  allien  maniiirement  and  husinoas  iibility  ao 
irij^riitiated  himself  in  tht?  minds  of  the  princi- 
pal tiuit  in  18r)S.  associated  with  A.  Pardee, 
(teneral  William  Lilly  and  Gillinaham  Fell, 
the  tirm  of  (i.  H.  Markle  A:  Co.  was  organized, 
to  carry  on  the  mining  of  anthracite  coal  at 
.leddo,  Pennsylvania,  where  the  tirm  iiad  se- 
cured an  extensive  lease  of  05,000  acres  of  eoal 
lands.  The  business  continued  very  success- 
fully until  lS7t),  when  Messrs.  Pardee  and  Fell 
retired  from  the  lirm,  tirst  selling  their  interest 
to  Judge  Asa  Packer,  of  .Maucli  (Jhnnk,  pres- 
ident of  Lehigh  Valley  Kailroad  Company.  Tiie 
firm  of  (i.  P>.  Markle  iV:  Co.  continued  to  tlic 
death  of  Mr.  Markle,  in  1888,  when  the  affairs 
were  closed  n|i  and  the  live  children  of  Mr. 
Markle  reorganized  under  the  same  name,  and 
Continue  ihe  mining  at  Jeddo.  Mr.  Markle 
also  (uganized  the  banking  house  of  I'ardee, 
Markle  it  (irier,  at  Ilazleton,  which  has  had  a 
successful  career. 

(i.  H.  Markle,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
educated  at  the  private'  schools  of  Ilazleton  un- 
til twelve  years  of  age,  then  attended  the  Alex- 
ander Military  Institute  at  White-  I'lains,  New 
York,  for  two  years,  and  graiiuated  from  the 
scicntilic  dejiartment  of  Lafayette  Ccdlege  in 
1878,  with  the  degree  of  Ph.  I).  He  then  went 
to  the  mine  at  Jeddo   and   renuiined   one  year, 


when,  because  of  his  father's  failing  health,  he 
went  to  Ilazleton  ami  represented  his  father  in 
the  banking  house  of  Pardee,  Markle  &  (irier. 
In  1881  Mr.  Grier  retired  from  the  business, 
and  tho  firm  dissolved  in  1882,  when  the  bank- 
ing house  of  Markle  Bros.  &  Co.  was  organized, 
our  subject  continiiing  the  nninager  until  1886, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  ;V.  Mar- 
kle. Mr.  Markl(!  made  a  tour  through  the  Pa- 
cific coast  States,  deciding  upon  Portland  as  his 
place  of  settlement.  After  about  six  months  in 
making  ac(]uaintances  his  first  business  enter- 
prise was  in  1887,  when  he  organized  the  North- 
west Loan  and  Trust  (bmpany,  and  was  ele'cted 
jiresident.  In  July,  1887,  with  associates,  ho 
organized  the  Oregon  Xational  Hank,  with  of- 
fice of  vice-pre.-ident.  .Vbout  1S88  he  organ- 
ized the  Kllensbougli,  at  Washington,  with  office 
of  president.  In  P^ebruary,  1888,  be  was  of  a 
syndicate  to  jtiirchase  the  Multnomah  Street 
Railway,  and  was  elected  the  president.  This 
road  lias  been  converted  from  horse  to  electric 
power,  a  praiseworthy  step  in  the  development 
of  the  city  of  Portland. 

In  1888  he  purchased  the  Silver  Lip,  Mule 
Doer,  Ked  Di'agon  and  Sitting  Bull  silver  and 
lead  mining  claims,  situated  on  Sunset  moun- 
tain, ShoshoiKi  county,  Idaho.  He  organize<l 
the  Portland  Mining  Company,  of  which  he  is 
president.  lie  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  North  Pacific  Industrial  Association,  and 
was  instrumental  in  securing  subscriptions  for 
the  ca])ital  stock  necessary  to  purchase  eight 
blocks  near  the  corner  of  FourtinMith  and  B 
streets,  and  to  erect  there  a  fine  exhibition  build- 
ing. Subsequimtly  he  suggested  that  the  peo- 
ple of  Portland  should  build  the  Poi'tland  Hotel, 
and  in  two  weeks  of  persistent  effort  lu!  secured 
subscriptions  in  land,  lumber  and  cash,  amount- 
ing to  ^5(10,000.  Upon  tin;  organization  of  the 
Chamber  of  C(unmerce.  of  I\)rtland,  Mr.  Mar- 
kle was  appointed  a  member  of  the  finance  and 
building  committee,  in  constructing  the  no-.v 
building,  and  chairman  of  the  w.ays  and  means 
committee,  and  he  faithfully  and  successfully 
negotiated  a  loan  of  $45,0()0,  at  six  per  cent 
interest,  from  a  New  York  life-insurance  com- 
])any. 

Mr.  Markle  was  married  in  Kingston,  Penn- 
sylvania, January  14,  1880,  to  Miss  C.  R. 
fiibbs,  danghter'of  Dr.  U.  II.  Tubbs,  a  prom- 
inent physician  of  that  locality,  hut  after 
four  months  Mrs.  Markle  contracted  a  severe 
cold  which  merged  into  a  disease  that  proved 


•^:-  V 


" 


" 


BISTORT    OF    OllKanN. 


1877 


tin 
ill 
ler. 
esH, 
ink- 
zed, 
i86, 
ir- 
]'a- 
lis 
ill 
(ir- 
tli- 
ted 

10 

of- 
III- 

iiiii'i' 

r  a 

Irei't 
Tills 
etric 
nent 


fatal.  Ill'  was  again  iiiiirricd  at  Vancouver, 
WasliiiifTtdn,  .liiiic  lS8i),  tn  Mif-s  Kate  (iooilwin. 
(laiigiiter  of  Lit'iiteiiant  AV.  1'.  (Goodwill  of  tlic 
Foiirtocntli  Infantry  (Iiiited  States  Ariiiv.  To 
this  niiion  lias  lieoii  added  one  child,  (loorgc  13. 
Markle,  Jr. 

Mr.  Alarklo  is  a  ineinlier  of  the  tiiiance  coiii- 
niittee  of  the  Pivshytcrian  General  Aseenihly. 
He  is  jiresident  of  the  Orcffon  Alpine  Clnii, 
and  a  meinlier  of  the  Tlieta  Delta  ('hi  (collcfre) 
Society.  Tlioiii.rli  a  yonii;,'  man,  Mr.  Markle  lias 
manifested  marked  aliility  in  tinancial  aflairs, 
which,  combined  with  his  entiiiisiasm  and  public 
spirit,  has  placed  him  amonj^  the  ablest  finan- 
ciers of  the  Pacific  coast. 

fllOMAS  F.  ROUTJKK,  one  of  the  most 
widely  known  and  deservedly  jiopular 
yoiiDfj;  men  of  eastern  Oregon,  is  a  native 
of  the  Hinpire  (3ity,  liavino  iicen  born  in  New 
Y'ork  city  on  December  '2,1,  1857.  Ili.s  father, 
Thomas  !■".  Roiirke,  was  a  native  of  the  Kmer- 
ald  Isle,  while  his  motiier,  nee  Mits  .Mary 
Lively,  was  an  English  lady,  ami  they  were 
married  in  Liverpool,  Kngland.  Soon  after 
their  marriage  they  cast  their  fortunes  in  the 
New  World,  coiniiig  to  .\meriea  in  1855.  His 
father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  lived 
until  1858  in  >i'ew  York  city,  when  he  moved  to 
Warrenton,  Missouri,  where,  six  years  later, 
in  1804,  he  died.  His  faithful  wife  survived 
him  ten  years,  expirinir  amidst  her  friends  in 
1874,  greatly  lamented  by  all  who  knew  her. 
ylie  left  two  children,  Thomas  V.,  our  subject, 
and  a  younger  sister,  at  present  residing  in 
Portlanll. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  lived  with  his 
mother  and  sister  on  their  farm  in  jMissouri, 
until  he  arrived  at  the  ago  of  ten  years,  when 
he  was  sent  to  the  Christian  I'rothers'  School, 
at  St.  Louis,  where  he  remained  a  year,  from 
whence  he  went  to  \ew  Orleans,  to  live  with  an 
uncle.  Here  he  again  entered  the  Christian 
Brothers'  School,  in  which  he  remained  until  he 
reached  the  age  of  fourteen  years,  when  he  went 
to  Chariton  College,  of  JSIississippi,  where  he 
took  a  business  course  of  studies,  in  which 
he  graduated  creditably  to  himself  and  teachers. 
He  then  returned  to  .Mlissouri.  where  he  engaged 
in  railroading,  securing  a  jio^itlon  as  operator 
for  the  Northern  Missouri  Railroad;  soon  aft';r 
80 


he  was  |iroiiioted  to  the  position  of  train-dis- 
pat(dier,  at  r.exington  . I  unction,  which  was  a 
deserved  indorsement  of  his  ability  and  lidelity. 
It  was  at  this  time  that  he  received  the  news 
of  his  mother's  death,  conveying  the  further 
fact  that  she  had  left  to  his  care  a  younger 
sister.  This  charge  he  has  faithfully  fiillilled, 
for  wdiieh  ho  cannot  be  too  highly  commended. 
On  leaving  Lexington  ho  railroaded  through 
Missouri,  Iowa  and  Kansas  until  18S1.  when  be 
went  to  i'lieblo,  (  olorado,  where  he  secured  a 
position  as  cashier  and  chief  clerk  of  the  Domer 
ifc  Rio  (iraiiile  itailroad  Company,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1882,  when  he  came  to  Portland, 
Oregon.  He  was  employed  in  the  latter  place 
by  the  O.  \\.  &  M.  Railroad,  and  worked  at 
J'endleton  as  operator  and  clerk,  and  afterward 
as  agent  of  that  station  for  two  years,  until,  ir 
18sf,  he  discontinued  railroading,  ainl  com- 
niciiced  business  lor  himself  in  Pendleton.  Ho 
embarked  in  the  transfer  and  wood  business, 
and  finally  worked  into  the  grain  trade,  until  he 
finally  organi/.e<l  tlio  Hamilton  &  Roiirke  (iraiii 
Company,  with  a  capital  of  SIO.OOO,  which 
handles  K),0()(l,(l(tO  bushels  of  grain,  operiiting 
in  I'matilla,  Union,  Walla  Walla  ami  Colum- 
bia Counties,  besides  several  cities  in  Wash- 
ington, and  having  large  warehouses  at  every 
station.  They  do  a  business  of  iiii^.OOO.OdO  a 
year,  having  the  largest  grain  trade  on  the 
coast,  licsides  this,  Mr.  Roiirke  is  president 
and  manager  of  the  ( tregon  Marble  and  Liiiio 
Company,  located  near  Iliintington,  Maker 
county,  which  did  a  business  of  more  than 
.?l()(),iK)()  a  year  in  iStlO.  He  was  instrumental 
in  organizing  the  National  Hank  of  Pendleton, 
with  a  capital  stock  of  N1(M).()0(),  with  ofliccs  a.s 
follows:  (t.  A.  Ilartman,  pl•e^ident;  Frank 
Frazier,  vice-president;  and  T.  F.  Roiiike,  cash- 
ier. Mr.  Rourke  is  also  a  large  stockholder 
and  director  of  this  bank,  which,  under  the  able 
iiianagemeiit  of  the  bank  officers,  is  constantly 
increasing  in  business,  and  is  on  a  solid  liiiancial 
foundation.  l!e>ides  all  these  various  e-iter- 
prises  and  multituilinous  cares  incident  thereto, 
Mr.  Koiirke  finds  time  to  oversee  the  cultivation 
of  his  farm  of  IfiO  acres,  adjoining  Pcudloton, 
where  lie  resides.  Ho  has  other  lands  amount- 
ing to  1,500  acres,  which  he  rents  for  agricult- 
ural piiriioses.  He  rai(  s  some  stock,  but  does 
not  make  a  specialty  ol  chat  business.  He  owuh 
anil  ui-es  for  bis  private  purposes  probably  as 
fine  a  team  of  blooded  trotters  as  can  lie  found 
on    the   coast.      His   prosperity  is    all    tlie  more 


1278 


UISTOItr    OF    OHEGOX. 


reriiai'kiiUlu  wlicii  wo  reiiicinln'i'  tliiit  liu  had  but 
!(i7.50  in  iiKiiioy  wlicii  lie  liiiiilfd  in  Oretfon,  ten 
vem'n  ii;i;(i,  lii>  jiresent  J)o^ifi(Jn  in  tlie  world  re- 
ilectiuf^  nmi'li  credit  nn  his  liniincial  ability, 
ciuTfiy  i"'d  integrity. 

Mr.  Uonrkii  was  married  to  Miss  Lillian  C. 
lioosvelt,  a  dani^rlitor  of  VVilliiini  lioosvclt,  of 
Sioux  Citv.  liiwa,  a  dt'scendant  of  I  lie  celebrated 
Koo^velt  i'airiily  of  New  York  eity.  They  have 
one  ciiild,  i,illiaii  It.  Kourke,  born  April  9. 
ISSd,  wlin  is  very  iiitellii^eiit,  and  i^ives  promise 
of  retlectinij  credit  on  Oregon,  the  State  of  her 
nativity. 

lie  is  a  member  of  the  Odd  l*\dlows'  Associa- 
tion, and  has  tilled  all  of  the  ofliccs  of  his  lod<re, 
whicli  lie  \\n>  rejireseiited  at  the  (Irand  L<>du;e, 
and  also  iielongs  to  the  ICiiijflits  of  Pythias,  in 
th(<  affairs  of  wliicli  he  takes  an  active  interest. 

He  atliliates  with  the  Deniocratic  party,  tlie 
principles  of  which  he  unreservedly  indorses,  as 
appeariiiff  to  him  most  eotnniendablo. 

We  seek  in  vain  for  the  secret  of  his  pros- 
perity and  po])iilarity  unless  we  cite  the  oppor- 
tunities jirox  ided  by  this  land  of  promi.ie  to  all 
aspiring  intellects,  recalling  Sh  .kespeare's  say- 
iiiff.  that  "  there  is  a  tide  in  the  affairs  of  men 
which,  taken  at  the  full,  leads  to  fortune,"  but 
wo  must  not  withhold  the  meed  justly  due  to 
his  ability  to  perceive  his  great  opportunities 
and  perseveringly  pursue  them. 

W.STKVKXS  it  C(J.  are  the  pioneer  and 
only  manufacturers  and  di>alers  in  mili- 
*  tary,  band  ami  society  unit'orniB,  e([iiip- 
iiients  and  supplies  in  the  Northwest,  and  are 
located  at  Portland,  Oregon.  The  nucleus  was 
formed  in  1879  by  Ward  8.  Stevens  under  the 
firm  name  of  Stevens  &  Newcomb.  In  1884 
the  firm  was  succeeded  by  a  corporation  known 
as  the  Oregon  Regalia  Agency,  with  Mr.  ^V.  S. 
Stevens  as  manager,  and  was  continued  by  liim 
until  August,  181)1,  when  his  death  occurred. 
He  was  a  gentleman  of  the  highest  order  of 
character,  and  was  prominent  in  the  fraternal 
societies  of  Oregon.  Ife  was  born  in  Albany, 
^'ew  York,  Juie  15,  IS-ll,  and  descended  from 
a  prominent  Kngl>sh  family  which  is  traceil  back 
to  the  time  of  William  the  Con(jueror.  They 
came  to  New  York  early  i!i  the  history  of  that 
State,  where  several  generations  of  the  family 
resided,  and  where  Mr.  Stevens  was  raised  and 


educated.     When  twenty  years  of  age  he  made 
a  journey    to    China,  where  he  arrived  at  the 
uoinmencenient  of  the  Tai-I'ing  war,  and  was 
commissioned  a  Cajitain  under  General  (iordon, 
in  which  capacity  ho  served  till  the  (dose  of  the 
war.     He    returned  to  his  native  land,  and  in 
18(17  came  to  Portland,  Oregon.      He  was  on- 
gaged  for  some  time  in  the  brokerage  business. 
In  lH7t(  he  received  the  ap|)oiiitment  of  l.)cputy 
United  States  Marshal,  in   which    position    he 
discharged  his  duties  for  fifteen  years,   and  be- 
came widely  and  favorably  known   throughout 
the  State.     He  has  tlie  lionor   of  Laving  insti- 
tuted the  first  lodge  of  the  K.  of  P.  in  the  State 
of    Oregon,     later   of    organizing    the    (irand 
Lodge  of  the  State.     He  was  the  first  jiresiding 
officer  of  the  Gi-and   Lodge.     He    was    elected 
(irand  Keeper  of  the  Record  and    Seals,  which 
position    lie    faithfully    discharged    for    fifteen 
years,  up  to    the   time  of  his  death.      He  also 
lield  the  ofHco  of  Ooloiud  of  the  Uniform  Rank 
of  the  order,  and  was  a  prominent  member   of 
the  Red  Mi-n,    Di-nids,   Workmen,    and  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.     He  was  marri(d  August  8, 
18()9,  to  Margaret  Hamilton,  of  Wapello,  Iowa, 
born  February  21,  1851.     The  family  crossed 
the  plains  when  she  was  only  one  year  ohl,   and 
her  father,  Alexander  Hamilton,    settled    with 
his  famih'  in  Portland,  wh(>re  she  has  since  re- 
sided.    They  had  three  children;  Dudley  Ward, 
Helen  Alma  and  V^iolet  Margaret. 

Dudley  Stevens  succeeded  his  father  iti  the 
business,  and  is  the  senior  member  of  the  firm 
of  D.  W.  Stevens  &  Co.  He  was  born  in  Port- 
land, December  25,  1870.  He  was  educated  in 
the  Uisho])  Scott  Academy  of  this  city,  and  for 
two  years  held  the  position  of  Deputy  Clerk  of 
the  United  States  Circuit  Court.  He  is  an 
enterprising  young  business  man  of  the  city,  in 
which  he  had  his  birth,  and  is  a  worthy  type  of 
one  of  Oregon's  sons.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Red  Men,  and  K.  of  P. 

Mr.  Xorman  Pierce,  who  is  the  junior  mem- 
ber of  tlie  firm,  is  also  a  native  of  Portland, 
born  June  3,  18T1.  He  was  educated  in  the 
city  of  his  birth,  where  he  now  lives.  He  is  a 
son  of  Captain  S.  S.  J'ierce,  a  j)rominent  officer 
of  the  civil  war.  He  is  of  Knglish  ancestry, 
who  came  to  America  just  |)revious  to  the 
Revolutionary  war,  in  which  tliey  jiarticipated. 
(Japtain  Pierce  enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  and 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term  re-enlisted,  and 
re-enlisted  for  the  third  time  at  the  close  of  the 
second.     He  was  a  brave  soldier,  and  received  a 


HISTORY    OF   ORKCrON. 


vm 


wound  lit  Wclildii  raiUvdy,  tliiit  i-auHcd  liiiii 
iiiiicli  sufferiiif^,  and  rosiiltcd  in  imrtial  par- 
alyrtis,  from  wliicli  lie  has  never  fully  re- 
covered. He  was  jiroinotcd  to  the  rank  of  Cap- 
tain, lie  has  lii'ld  many  ixisition^  of  trnst 
dnrini^  his  resideiici'  in  rortianii.  and  is  widely 
and  favoi'alily  known  thninf^hont  the  State.  lie 
marrii'd  Miiriali  AleMann,  of  I'altiinore,  Mary- 
land, a  ijnidnato  of  the  Norfolk  .\cadomy,  and 
the  <lan>;lit('r  of  .lainca  I'.  McMann,  of  Haiti- 
more.  They  had  four  uhildren,  of  which  N.  S. 
J'ieree  was  the  yomij^egt.  After  rceeiviiifr  liin 
ediieatioii  he  entered  the  employ  of  Staver  it 
Walker,  one  of  the  leading  firms  of  the  city,  in 
wlii<'h  position  ho  remained  tivt^  years.  He  rc- 
Bii(ned  his  jiositinn  to  enter  his  present  firm. 
Messrs.  Stevens  ife  I'ierce  have  hcen  life-lonif 
friends.  They  are  obliging  and  intellij^ent,  and 
enjoy  the  confiilence  of  a  large  circle  of  patrons. 
They  are  regarded  as  enlerprisinjj  hnsiness  men 
of  the  <'ity  where  the  whole  of  their  honorable 
lives  have  been  spent. 


fllAULHS  W.  SKARS.  a  successful  hnsi- 
ness man  of  .Mbany,  Oregon,  is  a  native 
of  Vermont,  born  at  Uichford,  in  ls37. 

His  parents,  Aldcn  and  Caroline  ^Cailton) 
Sears,  were  natives  of  \'crmont.  anil  descendants 
of  Puritan  stock.  Alden  Scars,  a  mechanic  by 
li'ade,  was  for  a  number  of  years  fnii;aircd  as  a 
merchant  and  maiiufacturiT  at  Uichford.  He 
was  a  man  of  considerable  prominence.  For 
several  terms  he  represented  his  party  in  the 
State  Let^islature.  In  1852  he  went  to  Califor- 
nia and  engaged  in  the  numufacture  of  lumlier 
and  builders'  materials  at  Columbia.  From  time 
to  time  he  bought  ont  different  members  of 
his  family,  as  circnmstancc.s  would  permit, 
traiis])ortati<in  in  those  early  days  being  very 
expensive.  He  also  engaged  in  the  marble 
business,  and  followed  contracting  and  manu- 
facturing in  Columbia  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  18t)8. 

Charles  W.  was  educated  at  Hakerstield  .Vcade- 
niy  Institute,  Bakerstield,  Vermont,  until  his 
eighteenth  year,  when  he  came  West  with  his 
mother  a!id  the  younger  children.  lie  then 
worked  with  hi.s  father  in  contracting  and  mill- 
ing, and  also  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter.  lie 
worked  at  his  trade  for  a  time  in  San  Francisco, 
ami  from  there,  in  I8(i3,  went  to  KIk  City,  where 


he  was  also  successfully  eniiiloyiMl  at  carpenter 
work.  lie,  however,  lost  all  he  had  made  in  a 
mining  speculation.  Ueturning  to  San  Fran- 
ciscf),  he  was  employed  by  the  Arco  {!ompanv 
of  Stockton,  and  sent  to  Cai)allci,  .Mexico,  to 
erect  a  (juartz  mill,  which  work  occiipicil  his 
attention  for  aiiont  one  year.  After  that  he  was 
engaged  in  the  planing  mills  at  San  Francis(H) 
until  18(>'.t,  when  he  came  to  (  >rcgnn  and  located 
in  I'ortland,  engaged  in  mill  work.  He  con- 
tinued thus  employed  until  IS72.  I'Voni  that 
time  till  1S71,  he  worked  on  the  Custom  House 
building.  .Next,  we  find  him  at  Salem,  as  fore- 
man on  the  State  House;  a  year  later,  contriict- 
ingand  doing  mill  woi'k.  In  .laniiai'y,  18.s',i,  lio 
came  to  .Mbany  and  purchased  the  Zcvss  inter 
csts  in  the  planing  mill,  then  operated  liy  Zcyss 
i^;  Hochstaler,  and  engaged  in  general  mill  work 
and  in  the  manufacture  of  all  wood  linisbings. 
March  1,  IS'JI),  they  incorporated  with  the  .*<iigar 
Fine  Doorife  Lumlier  Cnnipany,  of  (iraiitV  I'ass, 
and  thus  established  a  wholesale  dislribuliiig 
iioint  at  Albany  fur  their  products.  They  employ 
from  eighty  to  100  men  at  (iiiint's  i'ass,  and 
from  ten  to  twelve  in  the  mill  and  yanls  at  .\l- 
bany,  which  are  located  at  the  foot  of  Montgom- 
ery street. 

Mr.  Sears  was  married  in  Fortlaml  in  1^70, 
to  Miss  Icilla  M.  Anderson,  a  native  of  Iowa. 
They  have  four  children:  Charles  A.,  Kdwin  W,, 
George  C.  and  Alden. 

Mr.  Sears  is  a  meinher  of  the  subordinate 
lodge  and  Kncam|iiiient,  I.  O.  < ).  F.,  anil  of  the 
A.  ( >.  r.  W.  He  is  not  active  in  ])i)litics.  iuit, 
having  been  deeply  interested  in  temperance 
from  \vi  youth  up,  naturally  inclines  toward 
the  advancement  of  the  prohibition  movement 

M.  W.VDDEL,  an  intelligent  and  sue- 
cesifnl  farmer  of  Vain  Hill  countv,  was 
I*  born  in  Stratliniore,  Scotland,  Deceml'cr 
10,  1S4-5.  His  jiarents,  l)avid  and  ICIIeii  (Mor- 
ton) Waddel,  were  both  native.-,  of  Scotland, 
and  were  well  and  favorably  known  in  their 
country. 

The' subject  of  our  sketch  was  educate  1  in 
Dundee,  and  conimenoed  to  learn  the  trade  of  a 
millwright,  but  changed  hi.H  mind,  and,  in  ISlit), 
be  went  to  New  Zealand.  When  be  arrived  at 
his  destimition,  he  was  presented  with  S'i.oO, 
with  which  he  purchased  a  spade  ami  shovel, 
and    engaged   in  digging  ditches   and   making 


12«lt 


nrNToiir  of  oukoon. 


foiiccs.  After  eiirlit  ycnr8  of  tliis  liard  work, 
lie  went  to  AiiHtnilia,  where  lie  r(<iiiiiiiie(l  for  six 
iiioiitlif-,  wlii'ii  lie  ciiiiie  to  ( 'iiliforiiia. 

1I<!  liail  iiiteiiilcil  rt'turiiin^  iiiiineiliiitely  to 
Se<illiuiil,  to  visit  his  relatives  uiui  (he  seeiies  of 
his  ehildhodil,  lint  he  lieeaiiie  iiitere!4teil  in  8iice|i, 
letliii)^  them  on  shares  in  Santa  iiarhara  comi- 
ty, lie  was  also  aiipointeil  Mayor  of  the  inland 
of  Santa  Criiz.  At  this  time  a  Hevcre  drouth 
came  on,  and  ho  dceided  to  take  his  Hhce|i  to 
the  Siena  Mevada  mountains  for  pasture.  The 
risk  had  hecome  so  j^reaf  that  he  sold  1,400  for 
lj(2  a  piece,  when  a  short  time  afterward  they 
were  W(irthS'4  each;  hut  it  proved  fortunate  for 
iiiiii  that  he  sold,  as  many  sheep  clied,  and  they 
afterwand  sold  iis  low  as  75  cents  a  piece. 

.Vfter  selling,  he  went  to  San  Kraiieisco,  com 
iiiiT  from  there  to  southern  Orej^ou,  where,  in 
Jackson  county,  he  jnirchased  ;520  acres  of  land, 
lie  then  went  east  of  the  mountains,  on  the 
I'matilla  reservation,  where  he  lierded  sheep  for 
the  Adams  lirothers,  remaining  tliero  for  ten 
months,  lie  then  returned  to  his  land  on  the 
llo^iie  river,  and  the  following  spring  acce|)ted 
from  Kecd  &  !>add  the  jiosition  of  manager  of 
their  large  farm  in  ^'am  Hill  county,  where  he 
eminently  proved  his  aliility  as  a  scientific  anil 
tlioroui^h  farmer.  He  had  tlie  full  manajruiiieiit 
of  it,  and  put  it  in  shape,  and  made  of  it  the 
hest  farm  in  the  county,  lie  produced  large 
crops,  and  very  tine  species  of  blooded  horses 
and  cattle  on  this  farm,  and  made  it  an  emi- 
nently protitalie  investment  to  the  'owners.  The 
origin  of  the  name  of  the  farm,  liroad  Meads,  is 
thus  explaini^l  hy  Mr.  Waddel:  An  intimate 
friend  of  Mr.  Reed,  one  of  the  owners  of  the 
farm,  was  a  Dr.  Toliny,  who  was  at  one  time 
connected  with  the  llitdson's  J5ay  Company. 
They  were  payinir  a  visit  to  the  farm  one  day, 
wdieii,in  thecourse  of  theconversation.it  was  re- 
marked that  so  important  a  farm  ought  to  have 
a  name,  whereupon  the  Doctor  was  asked  to 
suggest  a  suitable  one,  and  he  immediately  said, 
"Itroad  Nfeads,"  thinking  that  very  appropriate 
to  such  liroad  and  beautiful  meadows  as  were 
comjirised  in  the  3,000  acres  contained  in  this 
valuable  jiroperly.      Hence  the  name. 

Mr.  Waddel  continued  to  inanaije  the  farm 
for  fourteen  years,  giving  tliii  very  highest  sat- 
isfaction to  its  proprietors,  by  whom  he  was 
urged  to  continue  longer  in  its  management, 
liut,as  he  hadmanagcd  so  profitably  for  others,  it 
occurred  to  him  that  it  would  be  iirotitable  to 
manage  a  farm  for  himself. 


lie  had  sold  his  farm  in  ilackson,  and  imd 
placed  the  money  on  interest,  and  with  this 
money  lie  piircliaseil  400  acres  of  land,  located 
on  the  narrow  gauge  railroad,  three  and  a  half 
miles  east  <if  Amity.  On  this  ho  erected  a 
large,  substantial  farm  residence,  good  barns 
for  his  grain  and  stock,  and  made  niinieroua 
other  valuable  iiiiroveinents,  all  calculated  to 
facilitate  work,  ami  which  his  long  and  varied 
experience  had  suggested  to  him,  making  of 
the  |)laee  a  model  farm  in  every  respect,  a  credit 
to  his  judgment,  the  cour.ty  and  the  State. 
Here  he  resides,  and  exercis'S  his  taste  in  the 
production  of  blooded  horses  and  cattle,  some 
of  wdiich  cannot  bo  surpasiiod  in  the  country. 
His  specialty  in  horses  is  t'lo  Clydesdale  breed, 
and  in  sheep  is  the  (Jotsivold,  having  of  the 
latter  many  lino  specimei  s,  from  which  twelve 
and  a  half  pounds  of  '.vool  each  have  been 
sheared.  His  priiicii)al  agricultural  jiroducts 
are  wheat,  oats  and  iiarley,  of  which  the  fertile 
soil,  supplemented  by  his  excellent  management 
and  care,  yields  large  crops  of  a  very  fine  (|uality. 

In  187~  Mr.  Waddel  was  married,  at  Salem, 
to  Miss  .fane  Kerron,  a  Iiighly  esteemed  lady, 
and  a  native  of  bonny  Scotland,  having  been 
born  in  Perthshire,  of  that  country.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  David  Kerron,  a  jirosperons 
farmer. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Waddel  have  live  children,  all 
born  at  i'road  Nfeads:  Edwin,  Arthur,  J'eter, 
Jenniti  and  David,  all  of  whom  are  intelligent 
and  active, and  reflect  cre<lit  on  the  State  of  their 
nativity. 

Mr.  Waddel  is  a  stanch  liepublican.  and  take.^ 
a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs  of  his  State  and 
nation.  In  appreciation  of  his  superior  judg- 
ment and  ability,  his  constituents  elected  him 
Road  Supervisor,  which  position  he  has  held 
for  many  years,  and  the  roads  for  miles,  in  dif- 
ferent directions  throughout  the  county,  attest 
to  his  skill  and  energy,  and  are  greatly  in  con- 
trast to  roads  in  other  localities  of  the  State. 
To  this  fact  alone  may  be  attributed,  in  great 
measure,  the  superior  value  of  property  in  Yam 
Hill  county,  which  is  undoubtedly  the  banner 
county  of  Oregon. 

He  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  in  the  aflairs  of 
which  he  has  participated  for  years. 

The  bonny  land  of  the  thistle  has  sent  us 
many  noble  men  and  women,  so  that  we  have 
cease<l  to  marvel  at  anything  great  cr  good  that 
they  may  perform,  hence  the  r(^a8on  we  do  not 
dwell  more  at  length  on  the  deeds  of  this  typicnl 


insroitY  Oh'  ojtk'uoJf. 


i'iHi 


iiad 
|i  flu's 
onfi'd 
III  iiulf 
U'd  II 
Ixirns 

I'l'DllS 

L'l  I    to 

iiried 

'1^'  of 

credit 

.Stdto. 

II  the 

Koino 

in  try. 

hrced, 

if  the 

uclve 

l)eon 

idiicts 

'erfile 

[MllCIlt 

lulity. 
5iiloin, 

lady. 

I)ecii 
was  a 

XTOIIS 


i'eprcM'litntivo  of  tlmt  ij;lorioii>  liilid.  We  nli- 
scrvc  in  Kik'iitii',  ami  profit  hy  his  cxanipli',  Imt 
with  Ainoiican  jiriilc,  pronounce  it  a  rumilt  of 
our  own  superior  education  and  tnrninj^.  Ilcifh 
couiifriuB,  however,  arc  great,  and  lioth  are 
good,  and  neither  lian  reiiHon  to  envy  the  other. 


iLIVEIl  UOlilHNS,  oneof  Ihe  enterpris- 
ing  and  Biihstantial  fariiiciv  of  Clacka- 
iiiart  county,  is  an  Oregon  pioneer  of  18r)2. 
Mr.  Kolihinrt  was  horn  in  Imliana,  .hinc  1,  18K), 
son  of  Jiicoli  Ilohhins.  At  the  hm;u  twelve  years 
lie  croHsecl  the  plains  with  his  father  and  family, 
riding  a  horse  most  of  the  way  and  hel|iliig  to 
drive  the  loose  stock.  After  their  arrival  in 
Oregon  he  was  sent  to  school,  and  remained  on 
his  father's  farm  until  he  reaclieil  manhood.  He 
then  went  to  eastern  Oregon,  and  was  in  the 
stock  business  for  seven  years,  meeting  with 
success. 

lloturning  to  Clackamas  county,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  ^^ary  'riiompsoii.  who  was  horn  in 
Ohio,  Ajiril  2,  1847,  daughter  of  IJohert  Thoinp- 
Bon.  a  descendant  of  Irish  ancestry.  Her  father 
came  to  Oregon  in  1S5~,  and  is  now  a  highly- 
respected  farmer  of  Clackamas  county.  About 
the  time  of  his  marriago  Mr.  Kohbins  purchased 
1,008^  acres  of  land,  and  with  his  young  wife 
settled  u|)on  it,  where  they  iiave  since  resided. 
They  have  both  been  industrious,  have  niaile  a 
fine  farm,  and  now  own 
They  have  two  children; 
Mr.  George  Adams,  and 
ents  on  a  farm  which  her 
Oria   is  attending  college 

are  members  of  the  Methodist  ("liiirch  South, 
and  arc  i)eo])le  of  high  standing  in  the  com- 
munity in  wliich  they  have  so  long  resided. 


t  valuable  property. 
Katie  is  the  wife  of 
resides  near  her  par- 
father  gave  her;  and 
at  Corvidlis.     They 


fAMES  WILLIAM  RfXiEUS,  whocame  to 
Oregon  in  1845.  and  is  one  of  the  most 
highly  respected  citizens  of  Vam  Hill 
countv,  was  born  in  Indiana,  .\pril  lii,  1821. 
Jlis  fathei',  Lewis  Kogers,  was  born  in  Ken- 
tucky and  reared  in  Indiana;  and  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  Aipiilla  Rogers,  was  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  the  .State  of  Kentucky.  The  an- 
cestors  of    the    family    have    been    prosperous 


faniiers.  and  inestlv  ineinbers  of  tiie  ChriHtiaii 
ilenomiiiatioii.  I.invis  Rogers  miirrieil  .Mi>s 
Nancy  A.  Richards,  ii  native  of  Indiana,  and  the 
daughter  of  Ziid(pk  Richards;  this  family  were 
Tennesseeans. 

Mr.  Rogers,  whose  name  heads  this  sketch, 
was  the  second  of  the  nine  children  of  the  above 
family,  and  the  eldest  son.  He  was  lirought  up 
on  a  farm  in  Indiana.  In  1840  he  went  to 
low  1,  where  he  wa-  employeil  by  his  father,  and 
put  in  crops  on  shares;  in  18l.'j,  in  com|iany 
with  his  brother  and  a  brother  in-law  and  il 
neighbor,  ho  started  with  o\  teams  and  fhn'e 
wagons  on  the  long  journey  across  the  continent 
toward  tlie  "sunset  land."  The  joiirnt^  was 
successful,  .\fter  crossing  the  Missouri  river 
they  fonled  every  stream  until  they  reached  the 
Des  Chutes  river,  which  they  crossed  by  making 
a  raft  of  canoes  lashed  together.  Indeed,  Mr. 
Rogers  enjoyed  the  journey  very  much.  They 
killed  buffalo  and  antelope,  and  the  bitter  ex- 
periences so  common  on  such  tedious  espedi- 
tions  were  so  few  and  light  that  he  looks  back 
on  the  whole  trip  with  scai<'ely  any  feeling  but 
that  of  ])lcasiire. 

Coming  to  Yam  Hill  county,  he  tnok  a  dona 
tiiiii  claim  a  mile  and  a  half  sonthwesl  of  wliiHe 
now  stands  the  beautiful  cily  (d'  .McMinnville. 
(No  town  was  then  thought  of  at  that  jMiint.) 
Mr.  ('o/ine  and  wife  were  his  nearest  neighbors. 
He  erected  a  small  big  hcnise  an<l  began  life  as  a 
bachelor.  After  li\  ing  in  this  way  tw(j  or  three 
years  he  married,  December  21,  1818.  Miss  Mary 
1'"..  Ilendeison,  the  daughter  of  .lesse  V.  Hender- 
son, who  came  to  Oregon  the  same  year  that 
he  did.  He  continued  to  reside  upon  this  farm, 
making  iin|iripveiiients  and  raising  stock  and 
grain,  being  successful  and  eiijoyino  the  resjieet 
(  r  many  ac(|iiaintances. 

I.iiliad  seven  <'liildren.  four  sons  and  three 
I  o.ghters.  One  clied  in  infancy;  .1.  O.  is  now 
employed  in  the  Recorder's  oflico  at  McMinn- 
ville; .lane  Ann  is  the  wife  of  Isaac,  (Jollard.  and 
resides  near  her  fallier;  I'riscilla  E.  married 
Frank  Collard.  and  resides  in  Washington; 
Lewis  and  frank  iiie  druggists  in  McMinn\  ille; 
and  Thomas  is  with  his  brothers  in  the  drug- 
store. 

In  addition  t(i  his  other  farming.  Mr.  Rogers 
ii.is  turned  his  attention  to  horticulture  and  is 
now  raising  large  ipiantities  of  choice  fruit. 
The  growth  of  the  thriving  city  of  McMinnville 
has  enhanced  the  value  of  liis  pnijierty,  and  from 
•ime  to  time  he  luis  clisposed  uf  subdivisions  of 


I 

I 


128!i 


HISTORY    OF    oHRdON. 


h  ' 


liih  himl,  liiit  III'  Htill  I'l'taliin  I'.M)  iirri'4,  oil  which 
h(!  Hcttli'il  rntvM'vcii  vi'iirH  iij^ip.  Ami  iliiiiiiM; 
thirt  ^lll^  |M  I'idil  he  hiiit  liiM'ii  thor(iiif;;lily  i<lciiti 
lit'il  with  I'v'ei'v  liiovi'iiiciil  iiitiMuhMl  to  build  up 
thi^  iiitcri.iits  of  the  tiiwii  mill  viriiiity,  tiikiiij^ 
Ktock  if.  t>vi*r_v  tiiKiiiciiil  ciiturpiMHe  tliaf  lio  coii- 
xido'-i'ii  II  ^oihI  iiiovi'iiiciit.  Ill'  was  olio  of  tim 
liMlderK  of  the  McMiniivilhi,  a  Htcumhoiit  liiiilt 
t"  ciiiiM'y  Fii'l^jlit  ami  past-ciiffern  ti>  ami  from 
I'nitliiinl ;  hf  li('i|ii,'il  (•ri^iiiii/f  Ihn  (iniii^o,  took 
Htoi;k  ill  its  (Miti'rpriscs  iind  wii!<  its  (!iiR|)liiiii  for 
Hcvcriii  yrai's.  Wlicii  the  iJaptist  coIIi'l'o  was 
Htarti'il  III!  aiili'd  it  liliiTaiiy;  and,  in  fact,  ho  Iiuk 
inifoniiiy  exiiiliitt'd  hy  his  dwdrt  hia  wiiliiij.;- 
lena  to  contribute  to  tlin  welfare  of  McMinn- 
v.lle. 

Mr.  lioj.(er(*  nindc  u  public  profesnion  of  Chris- 
tiaiiity  in  tho  year  1851.  He  joined  the  Ciiin- 
lioilaml  l'n\-diyt(M'ian  (Jhiirch,  whi'i'e  he  «till 
colli iiiiR's  a  iiifinlier  and  MIder,  which  otlice  lie 
has  lilled  for  iiioie  than  twenty  year<*.  lie  if  now 
in  IiIh  seventy  tirst  year,  in  the  eiijoynii'nt  of 
jfood  health,  of  active  intellect,  kind-liearted, 
social  and  in  every  way  a  worthy  citizen  and  a 
f^ood  representative  of  the  Oregon  pioneers  of 
1845. 

Mrs.  Kiii^crB  died  February  25,  1st)!),  and  Mr. 
Koc^feis  reiiiiiined  single  until  December  2H, 
1H7S,  when  he  niarried  Miss  Mary  \.  Small,  a 
native  of  southwest  Missouri,  and  the  daiio;h- 
tcr  of  Henry  and  Mary  A.  (McCall)  Small;  her 
father  wa.-  a  Keiitiickian,  and  her  mother  was  a 
native  of  Tennessee;  and  iier  f^randfatlier  came 
from  Scotland. 


llTGrSTl'S  FAN  NO.  deceased,  an  honored 
()re>;on  pioneer  of  1840,  whose  industry 
assisted  in  the  early  development  of  this 
country,  and  wmse  uprifrhtness  of  character  ex- 
erted a  widespread  and  beneficial  influenco  on 
his  ciiininimity,  was  a  native  of  the  Pine  Tree 
State,  iiaviiii;  been  born  in  (hiiiiberland,  Elaine, 
March  2(i,  1804.  II  is  character  much  resem- 
bled one  of  those  proud  monarchs  of  the  forest 
of  his  native  State,  whoFe  heads  tower  aloft  in 
the  pure  air  and  siinsliineof  heaven,  leaving  all 
low  and  degr.nled  objects  at  their  feet.  His 
father  was  John  Faniio,  and  hid' grandfather  was 
a  I'rcnchman,  who  came  to  America  dnriiic;  the 
"  reifjn  of  terror''  in  France,  having  been  de- 
spoilcil  of  his  estate  and  (lersecated  by  the  Revo- 
Intionists.     Coinins;  to  America  he  settled   in 


I'orthind,  Maine,  wliore  his  j{nind»ion,  Augustus, 
Hiibjeet  of  this  sketch,  was  born  and  reared.  .\t 
the  early  aije  of  twenty  years  .Xiigiistiis  became 
a  sailor  for  three  and  a  half  years,  lie  then 
traveled  e.xtoiisivelj,  and  Hiibseiiiieiitly  settled 
in  Missouri,  where  ho  engaged  in  school  teach- 
ing. Mere  be  married  Miss  Martha  {''ergiison, 
a  native  of  that  State,  and  their  first  child, 
Kiigene  !!.,  vas  born  there. 

fie  was,  however,  in  the  path  of  the  moving 
stream  of  wt'stward  emigration,  which  he  joined 
in  IH4(),  and  with  his  wife  and  idiild  faced  the 
dangers  and  hardships  of  the  long  trip  across 
the  |ilaiiis  to  Oregon.  His  devoted  wife  died 
shortly  after  their  arrival  in  this  coiintrv  near 
Oregon  City,  and  was  buried  at  i.inn  (Jity,  amid 
the  lonely  sweep  of  the  forests  and  the  sighing 
of  the  wind.  Their  son,  Kugene  1!.,  has  'oiig 
since  attained  to  sturdy,  honorable,  mn  d; 

and,  like  his  father  and  grandfather  befi  •, 

is  a  warrior  for   the   right,  and   by  his 
efforts  has  done  his  part  in  the  devel'ipmeiit  of 
the  State.      lie  now  resides  near  Newport. 

In  1847,  after  the  death  of  bis  wife,  Mr. 
I'"aiino  removed  to  Washington  county,  Oregon, 
and  took  iiji  a  claim  of  (lid  acres, situated  seven 
miles  southwest  of  the  jirtifcnt  site  of  I'ortlaiid, 
which  was  then  a  scattering  collection  of  fisher- 
men's huts,  and  gave  but  slight  indication  of 
its  present  magnificent  proportions.  The  sur- 
rounding coiiiitry  was  unsettled,  Mr.  Fanno's 
nearest  neighbor  being  live  miles  distant. 

In  1849  Mr.  Fanno  married  Miss  Uehecca.I. 
iK'iiny,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  where  she  was 
born  in  ISl'.l.  He  and  wife  settled  on  his  home- 
stead, and  I)y  industry  and  economy  became 
greatly  prospered.  The  fertile  soil  responded 
giMierously  to  his  efforts,  and  repaid  his  foster- 
ing care  with  abundant  and  excellent  crops, 
until  he  had  a  goodly  amount  of  this  world's 
goods.  On  his  original  homestead  he  reared 
and  educated  an  int^-resting  family,  whose  mem- 
bers now  refleet  honor  on  his  name.  He  was 
an  honest  and  industrious  man  of  kindly  dis- 
position, devoted  to  his  home  and  family  and 
greatly  esteemed  by  the  jieople  of  his  coin- 
iiinnity.  He  died  after  a  long  and  useful  life, 
tlune  29,  1884,  having  encompassed  nearly  a 
century,  his  mind  and  soul  being  rich  in  expe- 
rience and  all  benevolence. 

There  were  six  children  by  his  second  mar- 
riatre,  four  of  whom  survive,  one  haviiiif  dieil  in 
infancy,  and  one,  Josephine,  pas'jing  away  in 
her  twelfth  year.     One  of  the  canghters,  imw 


innTOIlY    l)h'   liHEOnH. 


Mm 


-tun, 
At 
|Minu 
It  lien 
Ittlcd 

||H(I||, 

hilil, 

■vine 

■unci  I 

tliu 

|cro«8 

1 1  led 

iieai- 
iiiiiid 
liiiiK 

long 
■1; 


if 


Mrx.  I.  I,  'Miirclock,  reiiidca  witli  her  liUKlmnd 
(III  n  good  fiiriii  iiiiiii'  lii'i'  old  liciinc.  Tliv  otluT 
diiii^^iitt'i',  now  Mrw.  .Ihiiich  I).  Wihnot,  liven 
with  licr  liii>liHnd  on  ii  pm-tioii  of  lici-  tiitlicr'H 
(ii'i;^iiiiil  diiiiiition  clniin,  vvliicli  In-  iind  liis  laitli- 
flil  wilt'  liclpcd  to  rcclHiiii  thiiii  itn  niitiM'  wild 
iionh.  Till'  ftoiis,  Aiif^uBtiin.l.  und  A.  IJ.,  own 
tlio  ro8t  of  the  ehiiiii.  whicli  is  now  one  ol'  the 
iH-.-it  fui'iiiH  in  Oivgon.  In  addition  to  tiieir 
otlior  iii^i'iciiltiinil  intei't'stft.  they  nre  eiij;;agiiii,' 
lai'f^i'iy  i'l  the  cultivation  of  oiiioiiK  of  Hiiperior 
(|iiuiity,  and  have  the  ilisiim'tion  of  hcing  the 
larijest  prodiii'ers  and  Klii[i|)t'iv  of  tlii>  ooin- 
nioility  in  the  Stale,  shipjiinif.  asthoy  do.  larije 
oiiantiticH  throiiglinnt  tlu!  Ntirtliweht  and  to 
Alafika. 

Tlie  fttitJifiil  wife  and  mother,  whonc  thrift 
and  economy  had  no  siimll  hIih  in  the  piOK- 
perity  of  her  hiinhand,  and  wlmse  constant 
folieitnde  and  watchful  care  of  her  childien  has 
lieen  rewarded  liy  their  irrowth  to  honoralile 
men  aii<i  women,  now  enjoys,  in  peace  and 
|)lt'iitv.  the  results  of  that  prosperity,  the  found- 
ations of  which  were  laid  Ky  lierBclf  and  liiis- 
liaiiil  in  those  dintaiit  days  of  liardsiiip  and 
solitude. 

(i.  AVKSTACOTT.  cojiartiier  in  the 
tiriil  of  Westaeott  and  Irviii,  proprie- 
j*  tors  of  Strong's  I'ioncer  IJest  iiiraiit. 
and  the  Ieadiiii.r  hakery  of  the  city  of  Saloni,  ig 
u  native  of  <  )ref;on.  beiii^  horn  in  Salem,  in 
1855.  His  father,  Louis  Westacott,  was  of  Kn- 
glish  descent,  horn  at  ISarnstable,  Knfjiand,  in 
1812,  and  with  his  parents  einii^rated  to  I'rinee 
Edward  island.  Jlere  he  was  educated  and 
lived  until  manlinod.  learniiii?  the  trade  of  cah- 
inetiiiaker,  which  lie  followed  at  tlie(!hickerinir 
I'iano  Manufactory,  in  I'oston,  for  two  years. 
Then,  tilled  with  the  spirit  of  adventure,  ho  went 
to  sea  as  ship-carpenter,  on  the  old  ship  (iar- 
rick,  ])lyinn  between  .New  York  and  Liverpool, 
lie  siius'eqiienfly  became  second  mate  of  this 
vessel,  lie  then  took  up  the  study  of  navijra- 
lion  with  his  uncle,  a  ship-builder  of  Liverpool, 
end  later  went  out  ps  second  mate  and  ship- 
carpenter  of  a  vessel  tradino;  on  the  coast  of 
Africa.  I'xchanging  merchandise  for  palm  oil 
and  gold  dust.  On  the  voyage,  eighteen  out  of 
the  twenty-four  men  died  of  yellow  fever,  cap- 
tain and  lirst   mate   among  ths   number.     Air. 


Wcstncnft  then  made  up  a  crew  from  the  iia- 
ti\eH  and  workeil  the  ship  liiK'k  to  Knglanil,  for 
which  he  received  high  roniiiiendatinn  from  the 
owners  of  the  vessel.  Sub-e.|nent  trips  took 
him  around  th'  world  and  to  the  .Medilenaneaii 
sea,  where  he  was  during  the  lii'giniiing  nf  the 
excavations  at  i'ompeii,  ami  drank  of  the  wine 
made  before  the  birth  of  Christ!  In  \S\S  he 
was  running  upon  the  Uio  Orande  river,  mid 
upon  hearing  of  the  gold  e.iciiemont  in  ('alifor- 
Ilia  he  crossed  tn  Magadan,  and  there,  with  a 
party  of  ten  men.  purchased  a  ciindemned  ves- 
s(d  and  titled  lii-r  up  to  run  I  i  .San  I'raiicisco.  he 
being  elected  captain  of  I  he  vessel.  Several 
jiassengeiH  were  secured  at  a  larilTnf  ijllOl)  eatdi 
and  the  trip  was  made,  entering  the  harbor  of 
San  Francisco  on  May  1.  IMIU.  The  vessel  was 
then  abandoiKMl,  and  he  went  to  the  iiiinos. 
He  fipUowed  mining  with  limited  siic<'eRs  until 
IS.'il,  when  he  crossed  over  lanil  to  Orei'on,  lo 
eating  at  Salem  in  the  einplny  ol  Mr.  Iliirker, 
and  later  in  business  for  himself  at  the  trade  uf 
cabinetmaking.  lli'  made  the  fiiniiliire  for  tlit! 
legislative  hall  for  the  liist  .State  Legislature 
which  convened  at  Salem,  also  made  the  seats 
and  sawed  all  the  veneering  by  hand  for  the 
first  Methodist  church  of  Salem.  Suligeijueiitly 
selling  his  business,  he  operated  the  Nonpareil 
Milliard  i'arlors  \u\-  one  year,  and  then  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  with  •Joseph  llol- 
man,  which  he  followed  for  several  years. 
Later  he  was  coiinecleil  with  L.  I',  (imver,  ex- 
(iovernor  of  Oregon,  and  with  .lose|ih  Smith,  of 
the  old  factory  sicne.  Severing  his  connect  ion 
in  18(50  he  engagetl  in  the  brewing  business  in 
Salem,  in  which  he  continued  until   188:i. 

He  was  married  in  Salem,  in  lS51,  tn  Mrs. 
Mary  Allen.  Si.\  of  their  seven  <'hildren  sur- 
vive, and  among  tlumi  were  passed  the  closing 
years  of  his  life,  until  death  called  liiin  home  on 
"May  2:!.  18sy, 

W.  (i.  Westacott  wi.s  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Salem,  anil  :it  the  Willanu^tte  I'ni- 
versity.  In  early  inanhood  he  learned  ihi'  trade 
oi  baking  in  the  shop  of  Louis  jiurns.  During 
the  Cleveland  adiuinistratioii  he  was  employed 
as  turnkey  at  the  State  |ieiiitenliary.  under  11. 
II.  Watkins.  Superintendent,  and  remained  two 
years,  vhcii  he  resigned  and  went  to  Sentlle. 
and  followed  his  tradi'.  but  after  a  short  timi! 
returned  to  the  former  position  at  the  peniten- 
tiary, and  remaineil  niull  187'.i.  when  he  en 
terud  the  brewing  business  with  his  father.  In 
1881  he  withdrew,  a".d  eiigagccl  in  various  oc- 


1284 


BfroRT  oP  onmoN. 


m 


'.: 

m 

! 

*; 

^*,i 

l^ 

} 

I  If 


*h'  '  h' 


ciipations  until  188t),  when  lie  was  appoiiitod 
bookkeeper  at  tlie  Oregnu  State  Insane  As)'- 
liini,  ruinaiiiinfj;  until  iM'.tl.  when,  in  jjartner- 
sliip  with  W.  .1.  Irvin,  he  piii'cliased  the  I'io- 
necr  Restaurant, at  ;JT1  (-'omniercial  street.  The 
grouml  lloor  haa  an  aicu  of  2.")  x  17."),  liiviilml 
eonvenientl}  into  salesroom,  restiuirant,  han- 
(jueting  hall,  and  kitchen  tor  hakiiiir  and  the 
making  of  candj,  which  latter  article  they 
Inanufai'ture  quite  extensively  I'or  the  local 
traile.  The  restaurant  has  a  seatini^  capacity  for 
1(10,  banipu^ting  hall  for  forty  and  small  rooms 
for  private^  jjarties.  Twenty  hands  are  steadily 
employed  in  the  several  departments,  and  two 
wagons  are  constantly  eiigaired  U[ion  the  road. 
lie  was  married  in  Salem,  December  1,  11^86, 
to  .Miss  Lenta  Stolz,  daughter  of  (iideon  Stolz, 
of  the  firm  of  M'tcliell  &  Stolz,  of  Salem.  Mr. 
Westacottis  a  member  oC  Olive  lodge,  1.  <  >.  O. 
F.,  and  one  of   the  active  young  men  tif  Salem. 

A.  WKTZHLL, County  Superintendent 
of  Schools  for  Multnomah  county, 
I  a  Oregon,  vas  born  in  Washington 
county,  Vermont,  in  18.")2,  a  descendant  of  the 
colonial  settlers,  who  were  chietly  engiiged 
in  agricultural  pursuits.  lie  received  his  ele- 
mentary education  in  the  common  scliools  at 
Farmer  City,  and  aftei-ward  attended  the  Nor- 
mal School  at  Normal,  Illinois.  ]5cing  attracted 
ill  early  years  to  the  profession  of  teaching,  his 
whole  education  was  acipiired  with  this  one  ob- 
ject in  view — that  of  liecoming  one  of  the  edu- 
cators of  the  land,  lie  began  teaching  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  years  in  the  public  scliools  of 
Illinois,  ami  continued  his  work  there  without 
interriip*'ioii  urtil  1883,  when  he  took  a  higher 
course  of  study  at  the  State  .N'oi'mal,  ISIoom- 
iiigton,  Illinois,  lie  also  tilled  tliecdiair  of  elo- 
cution, ami  was  assistant  teacher  of  Knglish 
literature. 

Whileat  the  Normid.in  1884,  the  Hoard  of  Kd- 
ucation  of  I'ortland  sent  Mr.  Wetzella  call  to  East 
l'ortland,as  Superintendent  of  the  I 'iiblic  Schools. 
During  the  five  year.-  of  his  sojourn  the  school 
buildings  havegrown  from  one  to  four  in  number, 
and  the  corps  of  teachers  h.is  increased  to  twenty- 
eight.  In  IXHH  he  was  nominated  by  the  Re- 
publican party,  and  (fleeted  County  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools  for  .Multnomah  county;  the 
last  year  he  taught  he  tilled  the  dual  position  of 


City  and  County  Superintendent.  In  18',(0  he 
was  re-elected  County  School  Superintendent, 
and  has  proved  himself  an  alile  ami  ellicient  di- 
rectoi';  he  has  greatly  improveil  the  methods  of 
instruction,  and  has  infuseil  a  spirit  of  enthu- 
siasm and  zeal  Ml  to  pupils  ami  teachers  alike.  The 
[diilosophy  of  mental  training  and  culture  has  been 
the  study  of  his  life,  and  the  n^sults  at  which  he 
has  arrived  have  been  most  satisfactory.  He  has 
inaugurated  a  system  of  local  school  meetings, 
holding  a  series  of  twenty  each  year  for  the  pur- 
pose of  bringing  teachers  and  parents  together, 
and  discussing  methods  of  iinnroving  the  con- 
ditions of  tlic  schools.  Mr.  Wetzell  also  holds 
an  annual  iKJiinal  of  two  weeks,  during  the  va- 
cation, for  the  benefit  of  schoolteachers.  There 
are  tifty-eight  districts  in  Miiltnoniah  county, 
employing  :iOO  teachers,  and  the  names  of  more 
than  1(),()()()  pupils  are  iijion  the  roll. 

Mr.  Wetzell  was  married  at  Farmer  CJitv, 
Illinois,  December  iiO,  1874,  to  ^liss  Ella  (Jum- 
ining,  a  native  of  that  State.  lie  is  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  order,  having  arisen  to  the  de- 
gree of  Knight  Templar.  '  lie  has  devoted  hit 
life's  best  energies  to  educational  interests,  and 
through  liis  successes  as  an  instructor  in  the 
institute,  he  has  gained  a  wide  acquaintance, 
and  has  made  hosti  of  friends  throughout  the 
State. 


fllARLKS  M.  WIIiERU,  one  of  Pori- 
land's  pioneer  liitsiness  men,  was  born  in 
Sweden,  of  Swedish  ])arents,  on  the  2()th 
of  March,  1820.  He  was  raised  in  his  native 
land,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  shoemaker. 
From  Sweden  he  went  to  London,  England, 
working  at  his  trade  in  that  oity  for  three  years, 
when  he  came  to  New  York,  lie  worked  in 
Connecticut  for  a  year,  going  from  there  to 
New  Orleans,  where  he  worked  for  a  similar 
length  of  time,  when,  in  1S52,  he  came  direct 
to  I'ortland,  Oregon.  I','-e  he  worked  at  his 
trade,  and  started  a  shoe-store,  in  which  lie  con- 
tinued forseveral years, after  which  he  was  associ- 
atetl  with  J.  A.  Strowbridge  in  the  wholesale 
boot  and  shoe  business.  During  the  war,  by 
capable  business  nanagement,  he  accumulated 
considerable  mon.^y.  Since  the  dissolution  of 
their  partnership,  Mr.  Wiherg  has  been  inter- 
ested in  the  piirch.ise  and  improvement  of  city 
property,  and  by  his  judicious  investments  has 
added  etill  further  to  iiis  wealth,     lie  has  con- 


niSTOllY    OF    ,1/1  BOON. 


1^85 


lU  lie 
llt'iit, 
It  (Ji- 
Jis  of 
(tliii- 

Tho 
lijeen 
111  Ik- 

:  lias 


c;itv, 

iiin- 

rnbcr 

(le- 

lut 

and 

II  the 

ance, 

t  the 


trilmted  liii*  full  share  to  the  growth  of  the  city 
by  the  construction  of  iiiinienius  hulMini^s.  He 
has  not  only  acquired  wealth,  hut  lias,  by  his 
nnli'orni  ijooilness  nf  heart  and  relialilo  liusiness 
integrity,  secured  that  which  he  jirizcs  more 
hij»hly,  II  good  name. 

He  is  a  Repuliliean  in  ])olitic8,  but  is  inde- 
pendent in  local  matters,  lie  was  at  one  time 
one  of  the  (Jonnty  (lonimissioners.  lie  was  one 
of  the  promoters  of  the  i)ridge  spanninir  the 
river  at  Morrison  street  crossiiiir,  which  was  the 
first  bridge  across  the  river  at  Portland.  lie 
has  been  a  trustee  and  director  of  the  brid^re 
organization  ever  since,  r.nd  was  at  one  time  il> 
president. 

lie  was  married,  in  18."J8,  to  iMiss  I'auliiui 
Ingi'ahai!!,  a  native  of  Iowa.  They  have  had 
nine  children,  all  still  living,  excepting  ntie  son, 
wiu)  died  in  bin  twenty-sixth  year.  Several  of 
his  daughters  are  married,  viz.:  Annie,  married 
Mr.  Frank  Morgan;  Sallie,  married  Mr.  Van 
Jackson.  Mr.  Wiberg  owns  a  handsome  resi- 
dence, whi(rh  lie  has  built,  and  which  occupies 
a  beautiful  siglit  near  M_unt  Taber  here.  .Sur- 
rounded with  ali  the  conveniences  and  ini|>rovo- 
ments  of  modern  invention,  he  resides  in  the 
society  of  his  fan)ily,  secure  in  their  atfcction, 
and  an  object  of  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citi- 
zens. 

— ^€@:!i&'^— 

fOSEPlI  A.  WKKillT,  a  prominent  and 
successful  merchant  of  Sparta,  Union 
county,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Hcnrbon 
county,  Kentucky.  October  '-iS,  1S35.  and  is 
the  second  son  of  a  fairiily  of  three  children 
born  to  ex-<ioverni'r  Joseph  A  '"right,  of  In- 
diana, who  was  a  native  of  I'ei.isylvania,  born 
in  181(t,  and  came  to  lndi:.M  ,  at  an  early  day. 
He  was  married  in  Hourboi  county,  Kentucky, 
to  Miss  Harriet  15.  liurbridge.  .Mr.  Wright 
was  elected  twice  as  Governor  of  liuliana.  and 
in  Huchanan's  administration  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Minister  to  the  court  of  Prussia, 
ami  was  returned  under  Lincoln's  administration, 
and  he  died  in  that  city  in  18(i7. 

Onr  subject  was  educated  in  New  Yoi'k  and 
Massachusetts,  lie  is  a  graduate  of  Yonker's 
Mi'itary  Institute  of  New  York,  ii  graduate  of 
Wilbraham  Academy,  of  Alassachnsett?,  also  a 
graduate  of  the  Wesleyan  University,  at  Mid<lle 
ton,  Connecticut,  in  1870.  He  then  entered  the 
National  Park  Hank,  in   New  York   city,  and 


worked  there  twd  vouvk.  He  was  then  employed 
in  the  West  Indies  Manufacturing  Compan\  nf 
New  York,  as  wcretary  and  treasurer.  Inihlinif 
his  position  niitil  188ii,  when  he  came  to  Ore- 
gon to  take  charge  of  a  mining  cumpniiv  in 
I'akcr  county,  luid  has  since  cngagcil  in  the 
mining  business,  being  iiitcri^sted  in  sonic  very 
prominent  mines.  In  udditiou  he  ha.-  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  biisincs-  iit  Sparta,  riiiv)ii 
county,  with  Mr.  M.  E.  Clougli  as  a  jiurtiier  in 
both  his  ;;'iningand  mercliaiidi.-ing  enterprises. 
!■  1.8',tO  Mr.  Wright  was  elected  to  represent 
I'.  )i  C'lnty  in  the  State  l.egi>latiire,  on  the 
llepii!  I',  in  Hcket.  and  was  reelected  in  1S',12, 
on  t:ic  same  ticket,  to  till  tlie  same  otiice.  He 
has  a  great  many  friends  in  I  nimi  cmintv, 
where  he  has  become  one  of  Its  representative 
men.  Mr.  W^riglit  is  a  Ueptiblican,  and  has 
been  evei'  since  he  was  old  enough  to  vote,  the 
principles  of  the  party  being  instilled  into  his 
mind  by  his  distinguished  father  who  embraceil 
the  teaching  of  the  new  party  upon  theonlbreak 
of  the  war.  Previous  to  tliilt  lie  bad  been  a 
Democrat. 


ASmUY  STA UU,  A.  M..  P.  I).,  the  ef- 
ficient and  popular  jirofcssor  of  Natural 
'*  Science  and  History  at  Willamette  Uni- 
versity, was  born  in  Monroe,  I'ciiton  cuunty, 
Oregon,  in  185-t.  His  father.  N.  A.  Starr,  was 
a  native  of  Ohio,  ami  a  miiiislcr  of  the  Metlual- 
ist  Episcopal  (Ibiucli,  and  was  one  of  the  able 
educators  of  Ohio  and  Iowa.  With  tiie  tide  of 
emigration  of  ISoO,  he  crossed  the  plains  (o 
Orci'on  to  join  his  brother,  who  had  come  to 
the  State  in  IMio,  settling  in  lienton  cininly. 
where  he  located  the  present  town  of  .Monroe, 
foriiicrlv  called  Stari'V  Point.  IJev,  ,\.  ;\.  Starr 
devoted  his  Oregiiii  lil'i'  to  prciediing  Ihrongh- 
(iiil  this  State  an<l  Washington,  being  lliii>  oc- 
cuiiieil  up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  188:i.  He 
was  a  great  ami  goo<l  man,  and  his  loss  caused 
wide-spread  sorrow  among  the  inhabitants  of 
the  North.west.  and  wherever  he  was  known. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  in  bis 
native  county,  ami  took  an  academic  course  at 
the  Saiitiam  Academy  in  Lebanon,  Oregon, 
after  which  ho  pursued  a  classlciil  course  at 
Willamette  I'niversity,  gradiiuting  at  the  latter 
institution,  in  Is?-"*,  with  the  degree  of  A.  I!. 
He  then  entered  the  Drew  Theohigical  Seminary 
of  the  Methodist  Kpiscopal  Church  at  Madison. 


hm 


HISTORY    OF   OREOON. 


U'  * 


New  Jersey,  at  wliicli  iii8titiiti(jii  he  griuliiiited 
witli  the  (legri'c  of  Hiiclielor  of  Divinity,  hiibse- 
fliieiitly  recci\ing  the  di'i^rcc  of  Master  of  Arts 
from  tiie  Willamette  Iniversity. 

In  1878  Mr.  Starr  I'ctiirncd  to  Oregon  and 
RKci'pted  .1  ministerial  charge  at  I'ort  Townsend, 
\VasliinM;t(iii,  where  lie  preaclud  for  one  year. 
In  18TU  lie  was  transf(M'red  toCoupeville.  Wash- 
ington, and  thence,  in  1880,  to  Oorvaliis,  Ore- 
gon. In  1881  he  recieived  the  Government 
aj)])ointnu'Mt  of  Superintendent  of  Schools  at 
tli(^  Siletz  Indian  n^servation.  and  at  the  same 
time  received  the  apjiointment  from  the  Method- 
ist Church  of  niissionary,  hoth  i>f  which  duties 
he  ])erforu)ed  until  1882.  lie  then  resigned 
his  |)osition  to  accept  the  chair  of  nat\iral  sci- 
ence and  history  at  Willamette  I'niversity, 
where  he  has  since  heen  continuously  em- 
ployed . 

Mr.  Starr  was  marrieil  at  Chatham,  Xew 
Jersey,  in  1878,  to  Miss  Sarah  I''.  Littell,  an  ac- 
e(un|ilished  representative  of  a  distinguished 
family  of  that  State,  descended  from  Puritan 
stock.  They  have  four  children:  Stanley  A  . 
Ethel,  Hda  and  Carroll  1^.,  typical  Orcijonians, 
who  l)iii  fair  ultimately  to  take  their  rank 
among  the  noble  men  and  women  of  this  State. 
Mr.  Starr  owns  his  cottage  home  at  No.  255 
Ferry  street.  Salem,  where,  murrounded  hy  his 
interesting  family,  he  may  he  said  to  enjoy  true 
happiness.  He  is  also  interesved  in  real  estate 
in  Port  'rownscnd. 

The  i'rofessor  has  held  many  positions  of 
trust,  having  heen  Treasurer  of  the  Oregon 
Methixlist  Episcopal  Church  tlonference  for 
many  years,  an<l  has  served  a-  Secretary  of  the 
Kdneationai  ami  other  Clinrch  Societies,  lie 
stands  deser\-edly  liigii  in  his  ])rofession  of  in- 
structor, is  popular  with  his  j)iipils  and  is  deeply 
interested  in  the  growth  ami  welfare  of  hi^  alma 
mater. 

flNA  WILKINSON  WOOD,  a  i)ionecr.  a 
good  citizen  and  an  iMtelligent  Oregon 
farnu'r,  arriveil  at  Portland  Decenilier  10, 
1850.  His  aiurestors  were  early  settlers  of 
Connecticut,  v\'here  his  father,  Michael  Wood, 
was  horn.  He  settled  at  Kochesler.  iNcw  ^'ork. 
fi'om  there  removed  to  the  town  of  Whithy,  near 
Toronto,  Canada,  where  his  son,  Zina  W.  Wood, 
was  horn  March  5,  182f).  Mr.  Wood's  father 
married  Miss  Amy  Hunter,  of  (ienesre  county. 


New  York.  They  had  stn-en  children,  of  whom 
four  arc  living.  His  father  was  a  tanner  and 
shoemaker,  a  ineinberof  the  Haptist  Church  and 
a  good  and  upright  man.  He  (lied  in  1853,  and 
his  wife  followed  him  the  next  year. 

Mr.  Wood  was  raised  and  educated  in  Canada 
until  his  nineteenth  year:  he  then  went  to 
Michigan,  and  resided  in  Kalamazoo  county 
four  years;  from  his  farm  there  he  erossed  the 
plains  to  California.  On  the  journey  he  had 
the  mountain  fever,  hut  he  rode  in  the  wagon 
and  kept  moving  slowly  westward.  Tlie  per- 
son who  makes  the  trip  across  the  plains  in  a 
Pullman  sleeper,  at  the  rate  of  thirty  to  forty 
miles  an  hour,  has  but  little  ideaof  Mr.  Wood's 
condition,  lying  in  his  emigrrant  watron,  drawn 
by  oxen,  far  from  civilization  and  sick  with  the 
mountain  fever.  The  boys  doctored  him  as 
best  they  could  and  he  recovered.  After  re- 
maining a  short  time  at  Portland,  he  came  to 
the  viciinty  of  Hillsborough,  and  on  the  Utii 
of  May  took  a  homestead,  where  he  lived  and 
worked  six  y(>ar8,  then  sold  his  im])rove<l  place 
and  bought  445  acres  of  land,  live  miles  north 
of  Hillsborough,  one-fourth  section  of  it  cost- 
ing $1,0(10  and  the  rest  at  $10  per  acre.  lie 
built  on  this  property  a  valuable  barn,  and  later 
sold  it  for  !!!12,000.  Then,  in  1874,  he  went  to 
Hillsborough  and  purchased  290  acres  adjoining 
the  corporation.  It  was  then  a  forest.  On  this 
property  he  built  a  good  home  and  by  steady, 
intelligent  elfort,  he  has  transformed  this  forest 
into  a  valuable  farm,  with  large  barns  and  farm 
buildings.  His  house  on  this  ])roperty  is 
within  300  yards  of  the  Hillsborough  de|)ot  of 
the  railroad.  When  Mr.  Wood  cut  away  the 
forest  trees,  he  planted  fruit  and  shade  trees  . and 
now  the  place  is  surrounded  with  beautiful 
trees,  particulaily  fruit  trees.  These  improve- 
ments are  monuments  to  his  inilustry.  Only 
seventeen  years  have  elapsed  since  he  planted 
the  ti'ces,  and  when  oiu>  looks  at  tlie  nuissive 
trunks,  the  productiveness  of  Oregon  is  demon- 
strated. This  farm  because  of  its  improvements 
andnciarnessto  Hillsborough  has  also  become  very 
valuiible.  On  it  Mr.  \Vood  has  raised  wheat,  oats, 
hay  and  hops.  He  has  al>o  engaged  in  stock- 
raising,  Imving  produced  pigs,  sheep,  cattle  and 
horses  on  this  same  farm.  Tliis  does  not  pre- 
vent his  taking  an  interest  in  the  business  af- 
fairs of  Hillsborough.  When  the  First  National 
l!aid<  was  cganized  he  helped  by  taking  stock. 
He  also  aided  in  the  building  of  (ti'ange  Hall  and 
has  various  other  property  interests  in  that  city. 


UtSTOHY    OF   OR/SOON. 


1M7 


lioiii 
land 
lanil 
laiiil 

ad  a 
to 
ntv 
the 
I  ad 
goii 
ler- 
II  a 
rty 
d's 
wn 
the    , 
1   as 

I'C- 

1-  lo 
llfh 
and 
ace 
)rtli 

lOSt- 

Ife 

ater 
t  to 
ling 
this 
ndj. 


Ill  1853  Mr.  Wood  iiiari-ied  Miss  Elizalieth 
Jane  Sliaw,  of  Missouri.  <iau(^iiti'r  of  Mr  James 
Shaw.  They  pame  to  Oregon  in  1852,  and  lier 
father  died  in  crossiiitr  the  plains.  Mr.  and 
MvB.  Wood  have  four  cliildren:  Ivnily,  the 
eldest  child,  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  P.  1).  Tiulliii(fer 
and  resides  at  Xorth  Vaiii  Hill;  Mildred  Ooii- 
nell  resides  in  Washington;  Ziiia  is  on  the  farm 
with  his  father;  and  W.  D.  Wood  is  a  |)ra<'ticinf); 
physician  of  Hillsborough,  a  graduate  of  the 
Paeific  University  and  of  the  Michigan  State 
University's  medical  department.  Mr.  Wood's 
wife,  who  has  heen  his  devoted  wife  for  thirty- 
nine  years,  is  still  spared  to  him.  Mr.  Wood 
has  heen  u  ineinher  of  the  liaptist  Church  for  a 
nuniher  of  ycjirs.  He  hecanie  a  llepiililican 
when  the  party  was  started,  and  has  consistently 
adhered  to  his  convictions  in  that  direction,  and 
his  three  sons  have  the  same  political  con- 
victions. 

This  is  hut  a  lirief  outline  of  one  of  the 
most  worthy  pioneer  families  of  Oreaon.  All 
tlieir  present  prosperity  has  heen  ^rained  hy 
the  hun\,  peiseverinif  work  of  Mr.  WocmI  and 
liih  wife  in  the  days  when  Oreiron  wa-  new  and 
hardships  were  many. 


m 


m-^^w*^^^- 


fOIIN    B.  DAVIS,  a  prominent   resident     f 
Umatilla  county.  Oregon,  ami  another  on. 
of  the   I'acific  coast   pioneers,  was  horn   in 
Belmont  county,  Ohio.  Decemher  l.'i,  1829. 

His  father,  Samuel  Davis,  was  horn  in  Xew 
Jersey,  in  180-t.  and  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
Brock,  a  native  of  IVnnsylvania.  In  1887  he 
moved  to  Missouri  and  settleil  thirteen  miles 
away  from  any  inhahitant,  in  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  the  State,  in  what  is  now  a  part  of  i'olk 
comity.  There  he  lived  until  I'^lti,  when,  the 
country  hecoming  settleil  arouiul  him.  he  airaiii 
pulled  up  stakes  and  started  westward,  this  time 
liis    ohje<'tive    point    being    Oregon.     After  a 

J'ourney  of  si.\  montlis.  with  ox  teams,  he  and 
lis  family  landed  at  their  destination.  On  this 
long  journey  they  did  not  see  a  civili/cd  inhab- 
itant until  after  they  crossed  the  ('asendos. 
Tlieirs  were  the  first  wagons  that  crossed  the 
Cascade  mountains,  other  emigrants  who  had 
preceded  tliom  haviiii;  left  their  wairons  on  the 
east  side,  and  carried  tlieir  provisions  over  tli^' 
mountains  on  their  oxen.  Hero  Mr.  Davis  and 
his    good  wife  spent  the  rest    of   tlieir  lives, 


her  death  occurrin<.j  in  I87H,  in  the  si\ty-eighth 
year  of  her  a^fe,  and  his  death  in  1S71,  at 
the  age  of  seventy-one.  They  had  nine  chil- 
dren, .John  I!,  being  the  oldest,  and  one  of  the 
foui'  hiirvivor.s,   all  residents  of  this  coast. 

His  youthful  days  beiiiir  passed  on  the 
frontier,  the  subject  of  oiir  sketch  had  very 
loor  o])portunities  for  schooling.  What  little 
le  did  receive  was  in  a  log  schoolhoiise  in 
Missouri.  In  1848,  having  an  attack  of  the 
(California  gold  fever,  he  started  on  horseback 
from  Portland  and  made  the  joiirnev  to  SaiM'a 
ineiito,  where  he  engaged  in  mining  until  ISoO, 
being  \ery  successtiil  in  his  oponitions.  In 
18r)()  he  returned  to  Oi'egon  and  took  claim  to 
a  half-section  of  land. 

In  18(1-1  Mr.  Davis  enlisted  in  the  First 
Oregon  Infantry,  Company  B,  and  serve!  over 
two  years.  He  was  Corjioral  of  this  company, 
hut  was  detailed  a  Commissary  Sergeiint,  and 
drew  a  sergeant's  pay  all  the  time. 

In  1877  Mr.  Davis  came  to  eastern  Oregon 
and  bought  land  in  I'mutilla  connly,  twenty 
miles  north  of  Pendleton,  in  the  wheat  belt  of 
(  bigon.  .N'ow  heowiisfSOO  acres  of  tine  land,  on 
which  he  raises  an  average  of  50t)()  bushels  of 
wheat  annually. 

Mr.  Davis'  imiterniil  ancestors  were  noted  for 
their  ingenuity  A  .Mr.  Crogg,  cousin  of  Mrs. 
Samuel  Davis,  invented  the  turned  wooden 
bucket  that  is  now  in  common  use.  Mr.  Davis 
i>  a  iiatn  (I  mechiuiic  himself,  and  can  make 
almost  an\thing  he  wants.  He  ran  a  blucksmith 
shop  in  McMiiiiM'ille  for  two  years,  before  the 
war.  Soon  afti  lie  cimie  out  of  the  war,  he.  and 
his  brother  inventeitand  built  the  tirst  combined 
he!i<l"r  and  thresher,  and  got  a  patent  on  it  for 
seventeen  years.  \  short  lime  bcbu-e  I  he  patent 
expired  iheysold  their  right,  and  from  their  in 
ventioii  the  c^elebrated  header  and  thii'sher  of 
to-day  wn        ide. 

Mi  .>  was  married  in  July,  l^tiSK  to  Miss 

Lucv  I  iiikerton,  a  native  of  Mi>sonri,  who 
came  across  the  plains  with  her  parents  in  iMlo, 
making  the  Journey  with  ox  teams.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Davis  have  four  children,  namely :  William 
H.,  Malissie  K.,.loIin  H..  Jr.,  and  Maggie  M., 
all  at  liouKM'Xcept  Malissie  E.  who  is  the  wife 
of  Saniiiol  Sample. 

Starting  out  in  life  a  pool'  boy.  Mr.  Davis  has 
risen  by   his  own  pluck  ami   energy  to  his  pres 
eiit  jiosition    of  ])iosperity,  and  hi'^   career   is   a 
fitting  example  of  what  can  be  accomplished  in 
this    country.     With    advanced   years   he    has 


128S 


nisTbuY  OF  oiiEaoN. 


i;  Ai 


i  '^  I* 


V  ,  \ 


itii  limm 


I.  \' 

m.  ■  x. . 


liriictically  I'otircil  from  farm  work,  still,  liow- 
evei',  continuing  tiie  nianagenient  of  liih  isx- 
tensivc  fiii-niini^<i|ieriition8.  lie  lias  lieen  Jiistici' 
of  tlio  I'eace  four  years,  and  has  iield  the  of- 
fice of   I'ostinaster  since  1S8+. 


tAVNK  AV.  WILLIAMS  came  to  O re- 
ckon in  1845,  wiicn  he  was  only  eight 
,  _,. . ,  inonllm  old.  lie  was  horn  March  1, 
184."),  in  Jackson  county,  Missouri,  and  is  the 
8(in  of  .h  ines  E.  Williams,  who  was  born  in 
Tennessee,  i;<  180ii.  He  was  of  Scotch  ancestry, 
who  came  to  il'e  southern  part  of  the  United 
States  prior  to  the  Uevolutioii.  ^Ir.  Williaius' 
father  married  Mariha  Witchen,  a  native  of 
A'iririnia,  horn  in  1807.  They  had  nine  children 
in  Missouri  and  one  of  tlieni  died.  In  1845 
Mr.  Williams  took  his  wife  and  children  and 
crossed  the  plains  with  oxen.  The  journey  was 
a  safe  one.  of  si.v  months'  duration.  They  ar- 
rived at  Airlic,  I'olk  county,  took  up  a  donation 
claim,  and  were  one  of  the  first  families  t')  set- 
tle there.  They  followed  the  example  of  oiher 
pioneers  and  erected  a  cabin.  They  endured 
niiuiv  har(lshi])g  here,  living  part  of  the  time  on 
boi  1  wheat,  as  the  nearest  place  for  supplies 
was  Oregon  City.  During  the  gold  excitement 
of  1841).  the  father  went  to  California,  where  he 
met  with  some  success.  He  was  absent  a  year, 
when  he  returned  and  turned  his  attention  to 
farming  and  stock-raising.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  politics  of  the  Territory  and  was 
elected  to  the  first  'IVrritorial  Legislature  by  the 
Democratic  party.  lie  also  served  as  Justice  of 
the  I'eace  in  his  jiart  of  the  county  and  died  in 
18()5.  llis  wife  survived  him  until  ls81.  Three 
children  were  added  to  the  family  in  Oregon. 
The  names  of  the  family  are  as  follows:  J.  I,., 
resides  in  Moscow,  Idaho;  Orlena,  married  Isaac 
Staats;  J.  .1.,  resides  in  Airlie;  Melissa,  married 
Henry  Fuller;  Mary  .\.,  married  Luther  M. 
Doolittle;  l'\  1!.,  resides  on  the  old  donation 
claim;  W.  W.,  subject;  Martha  M.,  married  Mr. 
MoltiU'i'  and  died  in  her  forty-tit'th  year;  Marcus 
M.,  died  in  his  eighteenth  year,  and  W.  E., 
who  also  resides  on  the  old  doiuition  claim. 

Onr  subject  was  the  ninth  child  and  was 
reared  on  the  donation  claim,  where  he  was  fur- 
nished with  hut  scant  educational  ])rivileges. 
He  remained  at  home  until  his  twenty-third 
year,  when  he  took  up  a  claimant'  resided  on  it 


for  two  years  and  then  removed  east  of  the 
mountain.-!,  where  ho  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock-raising  until  1879,  wlien  he  returned  to 
this  county  and  bought  a  residence  in  Indepen- 
dence and  engaged  in  draying  and  trucking  for 
live  years.  Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in 
raising  hops.  A  large  portion  of  his  time  has 
been  occupied  in  fultilling  the  duties  of  tlie 
offices  which  were  thrust  upon  him.  He  served 
as  Marsiuil  of  the  eity  and  Constable  of  live 
precincts. 

He  was  married  in  1868,  to  Miss  Virginia  A. 
Tarter,  native  of  Arkansas,  and  daughter  of  Mr. 
Robert  Tarter,  who  came  to  Oregon  in  1853 
and  settled  on  the  Lnckamute,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  farm  and  was  a  (juiet,  industrious 
citizen.  His  wife  died  in  her  fifty-fourth  year, 
and  he  survived  her  until  he  was  sixty  eight 
years  of  age.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  have  had 
four  chihtren,  namely:  Willie,  died  when  seven 
months  old;  Martha  Alice,  wife  of  Rev.  V. 
I'oling,  a  minister  of  the  Evangelical  (Jhurcli; 
Robert  Edward;  and  Rock  Wayne. 

Mr.  Williams  is  a  prominent  citizen  and  .i 
member  of  I.  O.  O.  F.,  in  all  its  branches.  Ho 
is  also  a  member  of  K.  of  P.  and  A.  ().  U.  W. 
His  entire  life  has  been  spent  in  Oregon, and  he 
is  a  lover  of  the  State  where  he  makes  his  home. 
He  is  very  proud  of  the  advance  and  develop- 
ment of  this  State  during  his  lifetime. 


-^■^■•^ 


L.  WILLIS,  superintendent  of  the  Rose- 
burg  Water  Company,  was  born  in  I'ut- 
*  nam  county,  Illinois,  in  1844,  a  son  of 
S.  1).  Willis.  The  hitter  came  to  Oregon  in 
1852,  and  for  many  years  was  engaged  in  the 
stock  business.  Our  subject  crossed  the  |)lain8 
to  this  State  in  1S53,  and,  after  completing  his 
studies  in  the  district  schools  of  Douglas  county, 
was  enoaifed  in  drivinj'  stock  east  of  the 
mountains.  Later,  he  embarked  in  the  grocery 
business,  which  he  followed  until  he  took  charge 
of  the  waterworK  .  This  enterprisi^  was  es- 
tablished in  ISS'.I,  with  K.  R.  Sheridan,  presi- 
dent; \'.  L.  Arr  :igton.  secretary;  S.  C.  Flint, 
trea.surer,  and  O.  L.  Willis,  superintendent. 
The  cost  of  the  works  was  S40,00().  There  are 
two  cement  reservoirs,  with  a  combined  capacity 
of  500,000  gallons.  The  water  is  pumped  from 
the  South  Ilmpipia  river,  at  llic  rate  of  ■J."),0(iO 
gallons  per  hour,  and  there  is  also  a  steam  pump 


niSTORY    OF    OHECON. 


1380 


Ifhe 

and 

to 

»en- 

|for 

in 

iling 

Jthe 

Jveil 

Itive 


which  is  used  in  case  of  high  water  or  iiccident, 
tlius  f^ivitiff  the  city  plenty  of  gdod  water  all 
tiiu  time.  In  addition  tu  iiiri  interest  in  tlie 
waterworks,  Mr.  Willis  owns  a  valuable  farm 
of  980  acres,  twelve  miles  hOMtli  of  Iloseburg. 
lie  was  married,  in  18()'.),  to  .lane  Nichols,  a 
native  of  Orejron,  and  they  have  had  the  fol- 
lowing children;  Lena,  ICtHe,  Allx;rt  (i..  Dale  S., 
Clive,  Helen  and  (ilon  O.  Mr.  Willis' hcauti- 
ful  residence  is   located  at  524  Douglas  street. 


|LVIN  THOMPSON  SMITH,  a  pioneer 
of  1810,  and  a  very  worth.y  citizen  of 
Forest  (irove,  now  deceased,  was  of  N'ew 
England  ancestry,  having  heen  horn  in  I'raii- 
ford,  Connecticut,  on  November  17, 1802.  His 
parents  were  residentsof  East  Haven,  that  State. 
He  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native  town, 
and  learned  the  carpenters'  trade.  In  1827  he 
removed  to  tlie  new  State  of  Illinois,  wlieio  ho 
became  the  owner  of  a  farm,  and  was  married 
to  Miss  Abigal  Uaymoud,  a  native  of  that  State. 
In  1S40  they  crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  where 
they  located  on  a  donation  claim  of  (540  acres  of 
land,  situated  south  of  Forest  Grove,  where  the 
railroad  depot  now  is.  Here  he  lived  and  labored, 
taking  a  personal  interest  in  the  moral,  religious 
and  political  welfare  of  the  county.  In  lS58 
he  was  bereft  of  his  faithful  companion  of  so 
many  years.  His  wife  was  a  most  cstimabh^ 
lady,  and  much  lamented  by  all  who  knew  her. 
In  l8t)9  he  was  remarried,  his  sec  ond  wife  being 
;Mi8S,IaneM.  Averill,  a  native  of  Brantbrd,  Con- 
necticut. Her  parents  were  Captain  Samuel  and 
I'etsey  (Hhickstone)  Averill.  both  natives  of 
Drauford,  and  of  Kuglish  descent.  Her  father 
was  a  seafaring  man  and  in  the  latter  pai't  of  his 
life  was  a  captain.  They  had  two  daughters. 
and  ^[rs.  Smith's  sister  now  resides  on  tlic  old 
homestead  in  Branford.  "When  Mrs.  Smith 
was  married  she  came  West,  and  resided  on  a 
fine  farm  in  Oregon  until  lS7o,  when  she  and 
husband  removed  to  Forest  Grove,  where  they 
purchased  property,  and  built  a  new  residence, 
in  which  Mrs.  Smith  now  resides,  Ilei'e,  re- 
tire<l  from  active  life,  Mr.  Smith  lived  until 
January  22,  1888,  when  his  death  occurred  of 
old  age,  in  his  eighty-tlfth  year.  He  had  been 
a  man  of  strong  constitnlion  and  great  physical 
endurance.  In  religion  he  was  iif  the  (,'oiigre- 
gatioiial  faith,  a  strict  observer  of  the  Sabbath, 


and  of  all  the  cmnmandments,  and  a  thorough 
(Christian  in  practice  as  vvll  as  in  jirecept. 
He  was  a  Ke|)ulilican,  and  had  lived  through 
all  the  exciting  times  of  slavery,  espousing  the 
cause  of  the  oppressed  slave,  and,  after  the 
cnumcipation,  was  dccjily  interested  in  their 
education.  It  was  his  desire  to  be  useful  to  the 
Indians  of  Oregon  that  lirst  brought  him  tu  the 
coast,  as  he  came  as  an  aid  to  the  missions. 
Mr.  Smith  died  without  is.suc,  and  lici|Ufathed 
the  home  to  his  widow,  togethei- with  the  whole 
of  the  proceeds  of  the  large  ranch,  for  her  use 
during  Iier  life.  After  this  one-half  of  the 
proceeds  is  to  be  given  for  091)  yeai-s  to  tlio 
Home  Missionary  Society  ofHce,  on  Keed  street. 
New  York,  the  other  half  to  be  used  to  keep 
up  the  ex])enses  of  the  |)ro|ieity  and  its  admin- 
istration. Should  the  Home  Missionary  Society 
cease  to  exist,  the  half  of  the  proceeds  ai'C  to  be 
paid  to  some  other  oi'gani/.ation  for  a  similar 
purpose,  until  the  exjiressed  term  of  years  ex- 
pires, when  the  proi)erty  is  to  go  to  his  hoirs. 
A  large  amount  of  the  work  of  the  Honu^  Mis- 
sionary Society  is  among  the  colored  people  in 
the  Soirtli,  where  they  arc  establishing  schools 
and  ch\irches.  Mr.  Smitirs  will  also  jirovides 
that  should  the  land  benceded  I'ortown  pur|)0ses, 
the  executor  may  subdivide  it,  and  lea-c  the 
lots  for  a  tei'm  not  to  exceed  fifty  years.  His 
will  is  a  remarkable  one,  and  caused  much  com- 
ment throughout  the  county,  but  there  is  not  tlio 
slightest  doubt  but  that  the  good  man  was 
a<'tuate(l  by  truly  benevolent  and  worthy  motives. 
His  widow  is  now  his  sole  executor,  and  keer 
the  farm  rented. 


-^^i^^^^^^^Ait^^ 


fAMKS  L.  CAUIJOI,!-,  a  contractor  an<l 
builder  of  I'lMidleton,  came  of  one  of  tho 
most  military  and  patriotic  families  in  the 
aiinals  of  history,  every  generation  of  whom, 
as  far  back  as  can  be  traced,  lia^  seen  war.  In 
oui-  Kevolutionary  war  his  great-grandfather, 
Charles  (.'arroll,  M.  !).,  was  one  of  the  -igners 
of  the  Declaration  of   Indcpeiidenc.'. 

^Ir.  Carroll,  our  subject,  was  liorn  May  28, 
1843.  the  son  of  William  Carroll,  the  founder 
of  Carroll  Seminary,  naincd  after  him,  in  which 
.lames  recciveil  a  ]iart  of  his  (xlucalion.  'I'lie 
father  was  a  native  of  V  irgiiiiii.  born  in  ISdT; 
wjien  a  suiail  bo\'.  he  went  to  Kcnturky  with 
his  par(M)ts,  and  IImmI  tin  re  until  their  dciitb  In 
1827;  then  he  weist  to  Illinois,  next  to  Alabamu, 


;eeps 


1290 


iTfsronr  of  oreoon. 


and  in  1830  returned  to  IllinoiH,  settling  in  St. 
('lair  county;  four  years  Inter  lie  moved  to  (!ar- 
riill  eoniity,  same  State,  anil  licfjan  ti)  i>|)eii  a 
liirm  on  wild  liind.  In  183:^  lie  enlistcil  in  the 
JJlark  Hawk  war,  hh  l''irst  Mcntenant  in  Colo- 
nel ALirahani  l.iiicoln'ii  rcirimcnt,  and  had  com- 
mand of  his  eompany  at  the  close  of  that  war. 
In  1840  he  retnriied  lioint*  and  married  Misa 
Ann  L.  Christian,  of  Illinois.  He  continui'd  a 
ri'sidciit  on  the  farm  mentioned  until  his  death, 
which  took  place  Ano;u8t  8,  18H',(,  when  he  was 
moimI  eigiity-two  yeai's  ami  twenty-eight  days, 
ili.s  wile  snrvived  nntil  .lannary  1,  1802,  dyinj; 
at  the  I'csidenee  of  her  son  in  I'enilleton,  ()re- 
jfon,  at  the  age  of  seventy-two  years  and  ten 
days. 

.lames  L.  Carroll  enlisted  in  the  war  dnrin<!; 
the  late  rehellion,  -Inly  2,  18(52,  in  Company  E, 
Forty-lifth  Illinois  liei^iment,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  three  years,  the  tei'in  of  enlistment,  he  was 
honorably  dischar<;;ed,  and  re-enlisted  as  a  vet- 
eran in  tlu^  Second  I'nited  States  V^eteran  Vol- 
nnteers,  in  Com|)any  F  in  (ieneral  Ilatieock's 
Veteran  Corps,  and  was  finally  discharged  ¥i'h- 
rnarv  li),  18(M).  Dnrinj^  his  period  of  service 
lie  was  a  participant  in  the  engageni'  ntsat  Fort 
Mcllenry,  Fort  Donclson,  i'itt8l)ni)4  Landing, 
siei^e  of  Corinth,  Toot's  Station,  Port  (iihson, 
Rayninnil,  .lacksoii  (Mississipiii),  siege  of  X'icks- 
liurg.  Champion  Hills,  Coldwater,  ('linid<y  Sta- 
tion, I'ayoii  Chittaw,  siege  of  Atlanta,  Kenesaw 
nn)niitnin,  itayoii  Clinton,  siege  of  .\laton,  San- 
toiii  liayon,  donesboro,  Smith's  (iap,  \'irginia, 
etc.,  besides  many  skirmishes.  ( )nce,  while  he 
was  actinir  as  scont  under  (ieneral  I.ogan,  he 
was  caiitured,  but  he  made  his  eseajie  during 
the  first  night.  As  to  wounds,  he  received  but 
one,  and  that  was  iu  the  tiesli  of  the  thigh;  but 
lie  was  never  disabled  or  fail  to  answer  the  roll 
call  in  the  moriung.  At  the  execution  ot  Mrs. 
Sui'ratt  in  Washington,  he  was  one  of  the  guards, 
lie  has  now  in  hi.'  possession  a  relic  of  the  war 
of  1812,  namely,  a  saber  that  was  carried  by  a 
lieutenant  in  a  Massachusetts  regiment,  who 
willed  the  article  to  Mr,  Carroll,  the  graiulfather 
of  James  L. 

Iloturidng  home  from  the  war,  in  which  our 
subject  took  so  brave  and  sueeessfnl  a  part,  he 
engaged  in  freighting  across  the  plains  to  Den- 
ver, (!!lu'venne  and  Salt  Lake  (Jity,  in  which 
business  he  still  found  use  for  his  military  ex- 
])erieiu'e,  in  tight ing  Indians,  receiving  numer- 
ous wounds,  mure  indeed  thioi  he  had  during 
his  whole  term    in   the   war  of  the   [{ebellion. 


After  three  years  in  freighting  he  went  to 
Nebraska  and  engaged  in  the  cattle  trade;  hut, 
finding  this  unjiroti table,  he  began  farming  at 
Fllswortli,  Kansas,  where  he  arrived  .Inly  I, 
1871.  Aftorv.-:;;d  he  engaged  in  contracting 
and  building,  nntil  187(),  when  he  came  to  Ore- 
gon, settling  at  I'endletim,  wdiere  he  has  con- 
tinued in  the  same  business  to  the  jiresont  time. 
Ot  course,  in  this  occupation  he  has  enjoyed 
great  success. 

April  27,  1874,  Mr.  Carroll  was  married  to 
Miss  Edith  .\daniH,  wdio  was  born  in  Wisconsin 
May  25,  1854,  a  daughter  of  Amos  G.  .Vdams, 
a  pioneer  of  Kansas.  Mr.  Adams  and  his  wife, 
nee  Phebe  M.  llolliday,  were  natives  of  Xew 
York  State.  Coining  to  Kansas  in  tlie  fall  of 
■1854,  Mrs.  Adams  was  one  of  the  surveyors 
who  laiil  out  Topeka,  the  capital  of  the  State. 
He  was  also  a  civil  engineer.  Soon  after  coining 
to  Kansas  he  died,  and  afterward  his  widow  was 
twice  married.  Her  second  husband,  S.  Vi. 
Thompson,  was  accidentally  killed  while  work- 
ing on  a  railroad  bridge  at  Charleston,  Missouri. 
The  only  child  by  this  marriage  was  Katy,  now 
Mrs.  Bennett.  Mrs.  (Jarroll  was  in  Kansas 
during  the  "border-rutfian"  troubles,  and  dis- 
tinctly remembers  John  Brown,  James  Lane, 
and   the  years  of  the  drouth  and  grasshoppers. 

Jlr.  and  Mrs.  Carroll  have  had  seven  children, 
three  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  The  living  are 
Leslie  ().,  John  S.,  Ross  A.  and  Logan. 

Mr.  Carroll  is  an  active  member  of  the  (i.  A. 
11.,  belonging  to  Kit  Carson  Post,  No.  28,  at 
Pendleton,  and  has  tilled  all  its  local  offices.  He 
has  also  been  Department  Junior  Vice  Command- 
er and  Deputy  Mustering  Officer  of  the  depart- 
ment. Also,  he  is  (irand  President  of  the 
AV^orking  Mechanics  of  the  State  of  Oregon. 
He  takes  great  interest  in  the  political  welfare 
of  his  State,  as  a  Republican,  and  for  his  party 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  convention  in 
1802,  from  Umatilla  county.  He  has  three 
brothers  and  a  sister  in  Washington,  and  the 
rest  of  his  brothers  and  sisters  are   in  Illinois. 

tON.  IRA  S.  TOWNSEND,  Terrydale, 
Oregon,  was  bom  in  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri, February  I,  182'.l,  son  of  James  and 
Hannah  (Smith)  Townsend,  the  father  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  the  mother  of  Tennessee. 
His  maternal  grandfather,  Ira  Smith,  was  a  sol- 


■ai 


msTonr  of  oregon. 


1301 


to 

ut, 

at 

\. 

"g 
re- 


to 
in 


i 


dier  in  the  war  of  1812.  .lames  mid  lluiiiiali 
Towiiseiid  had  sovcri  children,  Ira  8.  beinir  the 
second  born,  and  one  of  tiie  three  survivors. 
When  he  was  a  ehild  the  family  removed  to 
Illinois,  wlu>ro  they  resided  four  years;  then 
started  for  Missonri,  his  father  dyino;  on  the 
way.  His  mother  lived  in  that  State  until  18f7, 
when,  with  her  si.\  children,  her  two  brothers 
and  their  families,  they  crossed  the  plains  to 
Oregon.  This  journey  was  made  in  safety,  the 
only  sad  event  connected  with  it  being  the  death 
and  burial  at  (jrecn  river  of  one  of  his  uncles. 
Voung  Townsend  had  charge  of  his  mother  and 
the  ehildi'cn,  and  drove  their  team  of  oxen. 
They  were  poor  [leople  wlu-n  they  arriveil  in 
Oregon,  and  at  once  took  a  donation  claim  in 
Polk  county.  The  mother  and  children  settled 
in  Dallas,  whore  that  venerable  pioneer  lady, 
now  in  her  eiffhty-third  year,  still  resides,  re- 
spected and  beloved  by  every  one. 

In  1848  Mr.  Townsend  went  overland  to  Cali- 
fornia and  mined  in  ^[ereed  county,  meetiiiif 
with  fair  success.  His  largest  nugget  was  worth 
$68,  and  his  largest  day's  work  amounted  to 
S104.  After  an  absence  of  eight  months,  he 
returned  to  Oregon,  bringing  with  him  in  the 
neighborhood  of  S2,0()0.  lie  then  built  a  house 
for  his  mother,  on  her  land  north  of  Dallas, 
In  1850  ho  took  a  donation  <'laim  of  3".iO  acres 
of  land  near  where  I'errydale  is  now  located, 
and  on  it  he  built  a  little  board  house,  lii  x  18 
feet,  and  spent  his  time  there  and  with  his 
mother  until  1853.  That  ycai',  December  10, 
he  married  Miss  15.  F.  Smith,  a  daughter  of 
George  Smith,  a  pioneer  of  ISoii.  He  had  a 
few  things  in  the  house,  and  his  wife  had  a  bed 
and  bedding,  and  with  these  they  began  tlieir 
married  life. 

In  1855  Mr.  Townsend  voliintcored  in  the 
Yakima  war,  and  was  elected  First  Lieutenant 
of  Company  G.  He  served  a  part  of  the  time 
under  (Colonel  Cornelius,  being  in  one  engago- 
ment  which  lasted  from  2  c.  m.  until  11  o'clock 
at  night.  The  Indians  were  in  vastly  superior 
numbers,  and  had  them  for  a  time  corraled.  .\t 
the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  his  farm. 

In  18f)8  Mr.  Townsend  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1878  he  was 
again  electeil  to  the  same  position.  He  is  in 
politics  a  Democrat,  and  has  always  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  the  growth  and  development  of 
Oregon.  He  was  one  of  the  organiz''rs  of  the 
first  school  in  liis  district,  and  has  ever  taken  an 
active  part  in   the  advancoment  oi  (^ducatiunal 


interests.  He  was  alsj  one  of  thi^  organizers  of 
the  Grange  at  this  jilau'.  He  Is  a  leading  t(<m- 
perance  nutn,  and  a  i.u'inber  (d'  tlu;  Masonic 
fraternity,  being  I'ast  Master  of  his  lodge.  As 
a  farmer  he  had  nu't  with  markeil  success.  Ho 
ha>  ad<led  to  his  origiunl  land  purchase,  being 
now  the  owner  of  500  acres,  a  rich  an<l  valuabhi 
projierty. 

.Mr.  and  Mrs.  Townei'ud  have  two  i-ons,  viz.: 
James  II.,  a  prominent  lawyer  of  I'olk  county, 
and  (i.  N.,  a  business  man  of  Dayton,  Wash- 
ington. 

fHAULKS  W.  JAMES,  vice-presidi'nt  of 
the  IJaker  City  Xational  IJaiik,  was  born 
in  (ireene  county,  .Missouri,  March  5, 
1851,  the  eldest  of  the  five  (diildren  of  W.J. 
and  Nancy  ((irace)  James.  The  father,  a  na- 
tive of  Tennessee,  nuirried  a  second  time,  and 
by  that  uni(m  had  three  more  children.  He 
moved  ro  North  Missouri,  in  IStiiJ,  whert^  he 
eniraired  in  farmini;,  and  in  18t'i7  he  came  to 
iJaker  county.  Oregon,  settling  in  I'owder  river 
valley,  where  he  is  still  living  mi  a  farm.  His 
wife  died  in  18fJ8. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  had  a  severe  strug- 
gle in  his  younger  days  to  pay  his  way  while 
he  attended  school  a  jiart  of  each  year.  He 
toiled  along  in  this  way  until  he  was  able  to 
teach  school,  and  subsei|Hently  he  obliiiiied  a 
good  business  education.  After  his  marriage 
he  began  farming  and  stockrai.-iiig,  in  ujiicli 
he  continued  for  ten  years,  lieing  successful  in 
the  business.  Then  selling  out  his  stock,  he 
moved  to  i5aker  City,  and  engaged  in  the  drug 
trade,  following  that  also  for  ten  years,  when 
he  was  appointed  I'ostmaster  under  Cleveland's 
administration. 

On  March  1,  18'.tO,  the  I'.aker  City  National 
liank  was  organized,  and  .Mr.  Jame.-  wa>  ap- 
pointed cashier,  he  resigning  his  place  as  I'ost- 
master, and  at  the  last  election  he  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the  bank.  He  is  also  inter- 
ested in  some  valuable  mines  in  linker  county. 
an<l  he  is  president  of  the  Maker  (Mty  Lime 
(Jompany,  who  |irosecute  a  large  industry.  Mr. 
James  is  a  self-made  man,  who  has  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  educational  work,  having 
bi'eii  a  niemlier  of  the  Hoard  of  Kdncatioii  for 
twenty  years,  being  (,'lerk  for  the  ia>t  nine  years, 
during  which  time  he  ha-^  licen  connected  with 
the  building  of  several    schoolhouses,    one    of 


II 


I         i 


i2i»a 


insToiir  OF  onEQON. 


m 


...  sia 

[if  1  -i      )i' 


tlicBO  eostiiig  $30,000.  Wlicii  lio  was  tniirricd 
lie  wiis  lint  a  poor  lioy,  <mo  iiii^lit  say,  but  lie 
lias  loiii;  lifld  a  leading  iiiiiiiliun  in  his  eoiiiniil- 
iiily.  lit!  is  u  Duiiiocrat  in  liis  views  ol'  na- 
tional (piestionH,  consei'vative  in  local  eluetions, 
and  lie  anil  his  raniily  ar(^  all  inunilici'B  of  the 
Methodist  Kpiseopal  Chnrcli. 

lie  was  iiiiirried  in  Janiniry,  1873,  to  Miss 
Lmiisa  l!oyd,  who  was  horn  in  Iowa,  in  1852, 
and  came  to(  )rej;oM  inlS72.  She  was  a  scliool- 
lea(diei'.  Thiiy  have  four  children;  Myrtie, 
Viola,  Irene,  and   Uoscoe. 


-^■^"^-^^^ 


^KOIMJE  II.  TUACV,  Postmaster  of  linker 
(yity.  was  horn  in  (icnesee  county,  Michi- 
gan, Mandi  3,  1811,  the  8i.\th  of  the  ten  chil- 
dren ol'  Fitch  U.  and  Charlotte  AV.  Tracy.  His 
father  was  horn  in  (Jonnecticut,  March  30, 
ISUf).  and  moved  to  New  York  in  1830.  He 
was  married  in  l''ranklin,  ConiR'Ltient,  April  7, 
18;i(),  to  Miss  Charlotte  W.  (iager,  also  ii  na- 
tive of  ("onnecticut,  horn  Septeiiiher  28,  1807. 
He  moved  to  .Michigan  about  183(5,  was  a 
farmer,  Imt  in  later  days  a  inerclumt.  For 
four  years  he  was  Recorder  of  Deeds  for  his 
county.  He  died  Se])teiiihcr  15,  185'.l,  of  an 
injury.  His  wife  died  February  2(j,  188'J.  Of 
their  children  four  sons  and  four  daughters  are 
still  living. 

(Jcorge  II.,  our  subject  lunuched  out  in  the 
world  for  himself  at  the  age  of  nineteen  years. 
In  the  spring  of  IsfU)  he  came  to  California,  by 
the  isthmus  route,  having  a  rough  voyage,  and 
sniTering  special  danger  in  a  storm.  On  his 
arrival  at  San  Francisco,  he  hired  out  as  a  farm 
hand  in  northern  California  for  two  years.  In 
18()2  he  and  two  other  young  men  came  to 
I'orthmd.  overland,  and  proceeded  to  the 
Dalles,  where  he  was  employed  for  a  short  time 
as  a  clerk  in  a  store,  which  was  kept  in  a  tent. 
Then  hi'  took  a  stock  of  goods  to  I'aker  county, 
for  another  jiarly,  but  on  the  way  they  stopped 
at  Umatilla,  ami  sold  goods  to  tlie  Indians  and 
immigrants,  rrocecding  on  to  Auburn,  liaker 
county,  Mr.  Tracy  remained  there  and  sold  the 
goods  while  the  owner  returned  for  a  new  sup- 
ply. In  18(53  he  sold  goods  at  Clark's  Creek, 
and  the  ne.xt  year  removed  to  P>akerCity,  forin- 
ini;  a  partnership  with  H.  W.  Keynolds,  and 
built  the  first  store  in  that  iilaceof  any  respect- 
able   size.     Snbse(]ueiitly   he  went    into    part- 


nership with  W.  F.  McCrary,  wiiose  daughter 
he  afterward  married,  and  who  was  a  brother 
of  the  late  Secretary  of  State  under  I'residtMit 
Hayes.  After  iipiirtnership  of  four  years,  Mr. 
MeCrnry,  being  appointed  I'ostmastor,  sold  out, 
and,  in  187."),  died,  when  Mr.  Tracy  was  ap- 
pointed i'ostiiiastor,  which  position  lie  held  for 
ten  years.  In  connection  with  this  he  also  sold 
books  and  stationery.  Starting  out  in  life 
with  barely  enough  to  take  him  to  California, 
ho  has  worked  his  way  up  to  liis  jiresent  coin- 
fortal)le  jiosition   through  many  vicissitudes. 

danuary  12,  1870,  is  the  date  of  his  marriage 
to  Miss  .Mary  M.  McCrary.  In  the  fall  of 
1881  he  went  with  his  family  to  California,  on 
a  visit.  Keturning  to  Oregon  the  next  spring, 
ho  was  apfiointed  Deputy  County  Clerk  of  Ha- 
ker  county.  He  also  served  several  terms  in 
the  City  Council,  was  elected  City  Treasurer, 
i''ebrnary  8,  1890,  and  was  .ijipointed  Post- 
master, as  before  mentioned.  He  has  always 
been  a  liepublican. 

Mrs.  Tracy  was  a  native  of  Iowa,  born  .Fan- 
iiary  3,  1849,  and  came  to  Oregon  with  lier 
parents  in  18(52,  crossing  the  plains  in  wagons. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy's  three  children  are:  (Maude, 
now  twenty-one  yoar.s  of  age;  Myrtle,  nineteen 
and  (ieorge  II.,  Jr.,  fourteen.  These  are  all  at 
home  with  their  parents,  and  constitute  a  happy 
family. 

— **< 


ILLIAM  SHERLOCK,  for  forty  years 
an  interested  observer  of  Oregon's 
growth  and  prosperity,  was  born  in 
county  Wexford,  Ireland,  where  he  was  raised 
and  educated.  His  jiarciits  were  John  and 
Dorotha  Sherlock,  also  natives  of  Ireland.  Our 
subject  came  first  to  the  Dalles,  Oregon,  in  1850, 
and  thence  to  Portland,  whei'e,  in  company  with 
Mr.  C.  P.  Bacon,  he  established  a  livery  busi- 
ness, which  they  named  the  I'hick  Hawk  Stables. 
They  were  Hrst  located  on  Second  street,  between 
Oak  and  Stark.  Tlieir  business,  which  was  at 
iirst  small,  grew  to  be  a  large  and  romunorativo 
one.  They  bi-came  dealers  in  fine  horses,  and 
had  one  of  the  finest  establishments  of  its  kind 
in  the  city.  After  a  partnership  of  twenty-one 
years,  Mr.  Sherlock  sold  out  to  liis  partner,  and 
devoted  his  iitteution  to  real-estate  interests.  He 
purchased  several  laKge  tracts  of  land, and  ])latted 
the  Sherlock  Addition   to   the  city,  which   has 


iiisTour   Oh'  uuBios. 


I-JIKI 


Iter 
liicr 
■lit 
Ml', 
htit, 
Ian- 
tor 
■sold 
llife 
rnin, 
I'oin- 
bs. 

Hago 

II    of 

oil 


■ays 


Binre  l>t'(<ii  imicli  eiilmixiwl  in  vnlno  l»y  tlic  rapi'l 
irniwtli  of  tln!  (Mty,aii(l  wliicli  lias  coiitriljiitt'd  to 
making  iiiiii  ono  of  I'orllaiiii's  most  wtniitliy 
citizens.  In  1884  lui  Imilt  a  liaiidsome  residcnue, 
on  tiio  corner  of  \V'nsiiiiii;toii  and  Twuiitictii 
streets,  wiiicli  is  a  lieHiitifiii  lofiitioi..  He  lias 
oxliibiteii  nuu'li  tasto  in  his  liomo,  and  in  the 
layinj^  out  of  the  ifronmis,  havinif  one  of  tlio 
most  attractive  places  in  the  city.  Mr.  Sherlock 
has  an  interest  in  and  was  one  of  the  Iniilders 
of  the  Portland  Hotel,  the  finest  hotel  on  the 
coast  north  of  SaTi  Francisco. 

In  1851  he  was  married  to  Miss  Dolly 
i'oiinder,  a  native  of  lrelan<l.  They  have  hud 
eijrht  children,  seven  now  livinjr,  a  son  and  six 
daiigl'ttM's.  The  two  eldest  were  Ixirii  |iievioiis 
to  coining  to  Portland,  the  others  being  Imru  in 
this  city.  Ilia  daughter,  I)orotli:i,  inarrie<l  Mr. 
.lohn  Music;  she  lins  since  died.  Sophia  is  the 
wife  of  Mr.  V.  Walters,  and  resides  in  Tucoma. 
Theother  children  are  unmarried,  iiaiiiely,  Annie, 
Lottie,  Eniina,  llattie  and  Charles.  In  187^ 
the  loving  wife  and  indulgent  mother  died,  an  1 
Mr.  Sherlock  lias  never  remarried.  He  is,  in 
religious  views,  an  Episcoj)alian,  and  is  a  worthy 
member  of  Trinity  Church.  Politically,  he 
is  a  Democrat,  but  has  never  had  any  political 
aspirations,  and  has  always  decliiie<l  othce.  Hav- 
ing seen  Portland  when  a  hamlet,  and  partici- 
pated ill  its  prosperity,  he  is  a  most  ardent  enthu- 
siast on  the  subject  of  everything  pertaining?  to 
his  favorite  city  and  State. 

••^■•^ 

ill  EG  ON  iV:  CALIFORXIA  PINK 
LAND  DEVELOPMENT  COMPANY: 
Charles  Hopkins  Pierce  and  .loseph  O. 
Pierce,  managers  at  Medfurd,  Oregon.  (Miarles 
II.  Pierce  is  a  native  of  the  Empire  Stat(!,  and 
dates  his  birth  at  Forestville.  His  education 
was  received  at  the  home  academy  and  Cornell 
University,  where  he  completed  his  studies  in 
1884.  Following  this  Mr.  Pierce  took  a  two- 
years'  course  in  law,  reading  under  the  eminent 
Judge  J.  H.  Orvis,  of  Pelford,  Pennsylvania. 
In  September,  1880,  he  came  to  Washington, 
and  became  bookkeeper  and  manager  at  ISIanch- 
ard  of  the  Store  &  l^umber  Company,  in  the 
interests  of  Governor  Alger  nntil  1889.  He 
came  to  Medford  in  the  same  year,  having  spent 
the  winter  in  Alaska,  and  returned  to  Medford 
the  followirig  spring.     The  first  year  was  spent 

81 


in  preliniiniiry  work  in  his  own  interests.      He 

improved   timber  belts,  and  discovered  thiil  the 

timber  lands,  Ijordcriiig  on  the  rivers  and  lakes 

in  this  section,  by  far  surpassed  all  other  timber 

in  the  section.     In  December,  18811,  Mr.  Piercii, 

ill    company  with   his   lirolher,  .loseph,   beeiiiiie 

int<'i'esle'l  with   the  lion.  A.  (!.  Iiii|)kiiii-,  iih'iii- 

her  fro'ii  Pennsylvania,  and  a  promiiii'iit  lumlier 

inerchaiit  of  that  State,  by  which  a  consolidation 

of  interest  was  etfectcul,  and   by  . I  illy  1,  IHS)-.', 

the  purchase  of  ;t5,()0()  acres  of  yellow  and  sugar 

j)ine  tiiiilier  land  was  consiimmateil.     The  plana 

of  the  comiiiiny  have   not  at    this  writing  been 

fully  ileteriiiiiied,  but  it  is  highly  probable  that 

ill    the   near   future   this   famous  line  of  timber 

bt^lt  will    be   (levelojicil    by    means    of  n   bnineli 

railroad    from  the   Oregon    iV:   California  main 

line.     In  addition  to  the  above  timber  interests 

Mr.  Pierce  is  interestcMl  in  the  Coos  Pay  Water 

Frontage,  besides  owning  valuable  city  property 

in  Seatti(>,  Washington,  and  also  linaiiciidly  cini- 

necteil  with  l\w  .lackson  County  Hank,  of  .Mi^l- 

ford. 

Joseph  (t.  Pierce  is  jointly  i?itt'reste(l  with 
his  brother,  and  makes  a  s|iecialty  of  survi^yiiig 
boundary  liiuts. 


fOHN  P.  WALKER,  an  esteemed  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1852,  and  an  active  business  mini 
of  Oregon's  metro])olis.  was  born  in  i,ogiiii. 
Hooking  ccmnfy,  Ohio,  October  la.  182'J.  His 
parents,  Thomas  and  Eli/.ab(!tli  (Harmon) 
Walker,  were  born  in  England,  but  were  nianid 
in  Ohio,  and  were  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of 
Lagrange  county,  Indiana,  wluui  it  was  yet  a 
wilderness  and  infested  with  wild  Indiatis.  The 
father  engaged  in  farming  and  in  the  live-stock 
business,  and,  'oeing  a  great  worker,  met  with 
financial  r.uccess.  This  worthy  eouple  had  nine 
children,  eight  of  whom  are  now  living. 

The  subject  of  tliis  ski^tch  was  the  third  child, 
and  was  reared  on  the  lioinn  farm,  performing 
the  numerous  dutiesot  the  place  in  the  summer, 
while  through  the  winter  he  would  rise  at  four 
o'cloektolook  after  the  stock  and  other  "chores," 
after  which  he  would  walk  a  mile  and  a  half, 
thrmigh  the  deep  snow  and  biting  wind,  to  the 
country  schoolhouse,  where  be  improved  the 
limiteii  facilitit>s  offered  tor  attaining  an  educa- 
tion. He  later  attended  the  Lagrange  Semi- 
nary,   where    he    completed     his    studies.      His 


,  .1    sfl.;ll 


r.'iii 


trisrour  or  oitnaoN. 


lilt  her  was  oppdHed  to  Iii8  lonrnin^  n  tratli'.  but 
iil'lcr  hid  I'allii'i-'rt  ilciitli.  in  ISlS,  ,lolni  1'.  tuok 
lip  cariKMitiT  work,  wliicli  lie  coiitinucil  to  follow. 

On  Keoruary  2<5,  \X'o'Z,  lin  was  iiinrriuii  to 
MIks  lliiri'itittt!  a.  Kiii^litlcy.of  Kiij,'li;<li  ilci^eont, 
and  less  lliiiii  u  inoiitli  latt'i',  on  Marcli  15,  »tart(!(l 
Willi  an  ox  team  iind  a  siiiiill  herd  oi  cattUt  to 
Cid.-s  llio  inttirvciiiii^  [liuiiis  to  Ca'iroriiia.  Ow- 
illi^  to  nliort  ("t'lMl  on  liiat  route,  however,  they 
turned  north  to  ( )n'o;oii,  and  tiiially  arrived  in 
siilety  at  the  Dulles,  alter  a  pleaHaiit  trip  and 
without  1(188  of  stock.  They  ex|)eriunced  no 
Iroiililc  froni  tlio  Iiiiliaiis,  aitliouirii  the  trusty 
rille  was  eari  led  over  one  shoulder,  the  o.\  whip 
eiiaiiirint;  ihc  other  hanil.  Leiivini;  their  (tattle 
lit  tiie  l)alles.  they  jiroeecdeil  to  the  (Cascades  in 
ayaul;  whence  they  eontimied  to  I'ortland  on 
the  idd  steamer  .Midtnoniah,  arrivini^  at  that 
place  late  in  Septeinlier,  the  town  at  that  time 
(•(intainiiijT  u  few  frame  Ijiiildinos  hut  no  side- 
walks, and  liearinir  hut  a  slight  resemblance  to 
till!  present  proud  metropolis. 

Mere  Mr.  Walker  located,  followiiif^  his  trade 
of  biiildiiij;  and  coiitractinir  until  iSoU,  iit  which 
time  he  returned  to  the  Ivtst  for  tin;  pur()ose  of 
piiichii>-ini_r  milliiii;  machinery,  and  in  ISIH) 
Btarteil  the  second  (.1.  C  (Jarson's  heitij;  the  first) 
]daninj,'-niill  in  the  city.  His  mill  was  located 
on  the  corner  of  VVater  and  Oiliiinbia  streets, 
and  did  a  i;enerat  business  in  sash,  lilinds  and 
wood-tinishin^'  materials,  and  it  was  very  success- 
fully operated  until  duly,  1809,  when  it  was  de- 
stroyed liy  fire.  Wv  immediately  started  over- 
land for  the  East,  where  he  Mi,'ain  purchased 
new  machinery,  with  which  he  returned.  He  at 
once  proceeded  to  erect  a  substantial  brick 
Imildini;,  tiOx'.K)  feet,  two  stories  liio;h,  with  a 
basement.  He  placed  bis  new  macliinery,  re- 
fitted the  buildini^  throui^boiit  with  the  latest 
improvenients,  and  on  December  19,  following, 
his  mill  was  aj^aiii  in  operation.  This  continued 
to  do  a  thriviiif;  busiiuss  until  the  groat  tire  of 
August,  Is7i5,  when  twenty-three  blocks  of  (uty 
proiierty  were  completely  destroyed,  his  build- 
ing being  among  the  number  to  be  reduced  to 
ashes.  This  catastrophe  found  him  uninsured 
and  he  met  with  h  heavy  loss,  being  obliged  to 
Sell  some  of  his  city  lots  to  meet  his  indebted- 
ness. He  then  returned  to  his  tradi?  of  carjien- 
try  and  millwright  work.  In  1870  he  coin- 
nieiiced  pattern-making,  which  he  followed  in 
foundries  until  18S0.  He  then  started  a  shop 
at  No.  318  Front  street,  where  he  continued  to 
do  general  work  until  October,  18'J1,  when  he 


retired  from  active  business  to  devote  liin  ntten- 
tioii  to  his  property  interests.  From  the  wreck 
of  his  losses  he  saved  valuable  |)i-o|)(!rty  on  the 
corner  of  Second  and  Montgomery  streets,  run- 
ning  through  to  First  street,  where  he  owns 
two  resi<lences  and  is  completing  a  substantial 
business  block,  which  promies  to  be  an  iin- 
|)ortant  addition  to  the  city  and  an  excellent 
investincnt  for  the  projector. 

On  .January  15,  18(19,  Mr.  Walker  had  the 
misfortniie  to  lose  hia  wife,  who  died  leaving 
two  idiildren:  Myrtle  ().,  now  Mrs.  Henry  W. 
Winch;  and  Nelly  F.,  now  Mrs.  Francis  Se.iley, 
whose  husband  is  a  prominent  ni(<inber  of  tl'ie 
enterprising  linn  of  Sealey,  Mason  A;  (Nt.,  su(!- 
cessful  grocers  of  I'ortland. 

".Mr.  Walker  is  a  Ue|Miblican  in  politics,  a 
strong  |)artisaii,  and  di'eply  interested  in  piililic 
affairs,  yet  no  setdier  of  office,  his  private  busi- 
ness matters  absorbing  most  of  his  time. 

Socially,  he  affiliates  with  the  I.  ().  O.  F., 
with  which  he  is  prominently  identified. 

Although  exjieriencing  his  full  aliaie  of  mis- 
fortune, by  intelligence  and  energy  Mr.  Walker 
has  nianagi'd  to  emerge  from  them  all  with  the 
minimum  loss(d'  time  and  regret,  and  after  sev- 
eral almost  crushing  blows  lias  'ittained  a  com- 
petence and  gained  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  his  fellow  men. 


pilCHOLAS  O.  WALDEN,oneofOr.-'<on'8 
'Vtll  successful  citizens,  is  a  native  of  Sweden, 
'■^(j  born  December  7,  \.H'i\\.  His  ancestors 
were  of  the  same  nationality,  and  his  father, 
flobn  Walden,  was  a  lawyer  in  that  country. 

Mr.  Walden  was  educated  in  his  native  land, 
and  about  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  when 
he  was  twenty-two,  be  left  Sweden  to  see  a  little 
of  the  world.  He  traveled  to  China,  Australia 
and  different  parts  of  Europe.  He  returned  to 
Sweden,  and,  deciding  to  go  to  the  United  States, 
he  embarked  for  New  York.  Upon  arrival  in 
.\inerica  he  traveled  through  New  Vork,  Penn- 
sylvania, Ohio  and  other  States,  finally  cominir 
to  Oregon.  By  this  time  he  had  nearly  ex- 
jiended  liis  money,  and,  although  he  was  not 
used  to  nianiud  labor,  yet  lie  liegan  life  at  Mil- 
waukee cutting  wood  for  a  few  luonths.  From 
there  he  came  to  work  on  the  locks  that  were  be- 
ing constnu^ted  at  Oregon  Uity.  where  he  re- 
mained until  they  were  eom|)leted.  He  then 
picked  up  surveying,  and  followed  that  profes- 


O 


WBsmmmmm 


■ 


IBWMMWB 


Hitiiony  ov  oHKOUN. 


vm 


t(!ll- 
•k 
till! 

riiii- 

Wllrt 
itial 
iiri- 
loiit 

tlii« 

W. 

,l..y, 
\\w 
sue- 


I 


■ 


hidii  for  (ii\  or  wviui  yciirn,  principiilly  in  ciinrt'rii 
<)rttf;oti;  llieii  Im  lift'iirni!  ii  l'IitIv  iti  tlic  hiiiil 
otficc,  iiiidcr  Owfii  Wiulo,  MOW  a  ("iilit'uriiiii 
Itiiiikor.  lie  t'oiitiiiiu«(l  Ills  i'l<;rkslii[)  in  tin-  limil 
ortict!  for  Hevon  yciirH,  iiiid  on  liiH  own  iiccouiit 
1)0^1111  to  iiivfttt  ill  iaiiij.  both  in  ('lackiiinii!<  anil 
in  Oregon  City.  At  tlio  tcriniiiatioii  of  iiis  tcnii 
in  the  laliil  otrici;  In-  coiitiniiiMl  lli^  opcralioiio  in 
real  estate,  uimI  on  account  of  tlic  urowtli  of  the 
county  iiii*  wise  inveHtiiientH  niade  iiiin  one  of 
tilt  men  of  wealth  of  IiIh  city.  With  K.  L. 
Kasthain,  now  (keeased,  an  one  of  the  |M'ineijial 
men  of  the  enterprise,  Mr.  Wahleii  lieeuine  one 
of  tile  orj^aiiizers  of  the  WiUainetto  'rransporta- 
tion  &  Lock  Coinpany.  They  piin-hased  HOO 
neres  of  IhikI  on  the  went  niileof  the  river,  o])po- 
hite  tile  city  of  ( )rei;on,  hoimht  the  I'lilli-,  locks 
and  the  wareiioiises,  and  in  .\iigust,  1H!)(I,  a  new 
eoiii|)any  wa8  toniided,  entitled  the  Willnnetle 
Falls  Klectrie  j.ij^ht  Conipany.  Tlie  new  and 
old  coiiij)anie8  then  joined  and  lieeanie  stocU- 
iudders  in  the  new  compmiy.  They  have  Iniilt 
an  electric  light  plant  and  traiifiiiiit  it  to  i'ort- 
Innd,  and  that  city  is  lighted  with  it.  and  an 
electric  street  railroad  is  to  he  built  from  l'i>rt- 
land  to  the  lands  tiiey  are  now  plntting  for  a 
city.  The  capital  stock  is  now  etitimatcd  at 
•SS'.ri.JO.OOO.  Mr.  Walden  is  inaiiaginj,'  the  iiii- 
|)rovenieiit  of  tlie  lain),  and  has  various  other 
imsiiiesB  inten^sts  in  Ore^jon  (lily,  lie  has  Imllt 
a  tine  residence  overlookiiiir  the  river,  and  has  a 
vtu'y  pictiiresijue  view  from  his  (rroiinds. 

Mr.  Waldeii  was  married,  in  187S,  to  Miss 
Winnie  Kershaw,  of  \ew  York.  They  have 
two  children:  Antoinetle  and  Hilda,  hoth  horn 
in  ( )ii'j;on  City. 

Mr.  Walden  was  one  of  tiie  ornani/.ers  of  the 
Jiank  (d' Oregon,  and  is  nowonecd'  Iheilirectors. 
He  is  a  meniher  of  the  A.  O.  l'.  W.,  and  of  the 
1.  ().  ().  F.  ''n  all  of  its  branches.  He  if  a  Ke- 
pnblican  in  j)olitics,  and  has  served  as  Director 
of  tiie  city  schools.  He  is  a  (piiet.  nnuBsuming 
man  of  excellent  bnsiness  jiidifment.  and  is  a 
thoroughly  good  citizen,  who  is  highly  deeerv- 
iiijr  of  his  success. 


tON.  SAMUEL  SIMl'SON  WIIITK.  who 
came  to  Oregon  in  1845,  is  one  of  the 
worthy  pioneers  who  has  lived  to  reap  tlie 
reward  of  tlie  early  years  of  toil  and  privation 
on  the  frontier.  He  was  born  in  I'utler  county, 
Indiana,    December  11,  1811,  a  son  of  Edwin 


and  Nancy  (.\flii'rlon|  While,  imlives  of  Mary- 
laud  and  Ohio,  re,-|irciivel\.  The  |)ateiiial  an- 
cest(U's  were  English,  and  the  nialernal  grand 
lather  was  Aaron  .\theit(Mi.  The  parents  of 
our  subject  reared  a  family  of  four  sons  and 
f(Uir  ilaiighters;  they  were  |)ioiieers  of  Ohio,  re- 
moving to  Cincinnati  when  it  WHS  ii  log  tort; 
one  clunghler,  Martha  llarrisiui,  was  taken  cap- 
tive with  her  infitnl  child,  the  other  children 
being  slain  by  the  tavages;  «lie  was  hidil  six  days, 
then  made  tier  escape  \nlli  her  baby,  ami  rt<- 
tnrnecl  to  her  home.  .Indgc  While  received  his 
education  in  Illinois,  -ind  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years  enlisted  in  the  I'lack  llimk  war.  Ho 
afterward  engaged  in  mercaiitih^  piirsiiitB  at 
Knox  (!ity,  Illinois,  and  remained  there  three 
years,  at  the  end  id'  wiii(di  \\nw  he  closed  out 
the  business.  When  a  treaty  was  made  with 
the  Indians  lu-  removed  with  his  brother  in- 
law, Ama/iah  Ooolittle,  to  Miirlingtwii,  Iowa, 
being  among  the  lirst  settlers;  h,  lost  his  land 
there  through  a  del'icti\  e  title,  and  then  went 
to  Fort  .Madison,  Iowa,  wdiere  lie  ran  a  steam 
ferry  across  the  .Mississippi;  this  was  a  piotil- 
able  business  and  he  ciuidHcted  it  four  years. 

Ill  ISi.")  he  joineil  a  train  going  to  Oregon, 
starting  on  thejoniiiey  .\piil  Llth;  they  made 
a  Hucces^fiil  trip,  free  from  many  of  the  dangers 
that  usually  atteml  tho.se  early  traveiern,  irriv- 
ing  at  the  Dalles,  October  f),  lSt5.  .1  ndi;e 
White  was  married  in  Warren  county,  Illinois, 
May  ti,  ISiH,  to  Miss  lluldah  .leniiin'gs,  and  ho 
was  accoiripanied  by  liis  wife  and  three  children, 
named  as  follows;  Nancy  J.,  Eilward  .Miltcui 
and  William  Linn;  all  tlies(^  (diildreii  have  since 
died,  .ludge  While  settled  on  a  farm  of  t)2'.) 
acres  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  (  Iregoii  City, 
ami  there  built  a  small  log  house;  be  imjiroved 
this  property,  and  for  tweiityeighl  years  made 
it  his  home.  In  1S73  he  came  to  I'orthind  and 
built  several  houses,  wlii(di  he  rented,  and  also 
bought  a  farm  of  i'Xl  acres,  four  miles  south  of 
Tacoma. 

After  ciuning  to  Ori'goii  two  more  children 
wvre  added  to  the  family  of  .!udg<^  White  ami 
wife;  they  were  named  Onzella  and  I'liigene  D.; 
only  the  latter  survives;  he  is  one  of  tlu^  jiros- 
perons  Inisiues.-  men  of  I'ortland,  and  a  skeli'h 
of  him  will  be  found  on  another  page  of  this 
volume.  In  iiolitics  the  .ludge  was  in  early 
days  a  Whig,  but  since  the  organization  of  th  ■ 
Uepublican  party  he  has  cast  his  suffrage 
with  it.  He  was  appoint''d  Judge  of  Cla(d<ii- 
mas  county,  and  a,--  no  liipiors   were  sold  within 


I 


IMd 


iiiHKiitv   <iy  (iiihuiiy. 


>        III 


itn  hordert,  two  week*' <'i>iii'i   lnM  i  wire  a  year 

was   hlltli'',i('llt    to  (lihpOhU  of  nil    tlu!    lp|lcilU'!*M  lll'in- 

ilif{.  Ill'  wilH  tiU'f.tcil  li  iiii'iriiu'r  of  tin;  I.('o;ii»|ii- 
tiim  ill  IHIT,  iiinl  drovv  up  tlio  liill  ordi'iiiig  tlii' 
Turritiiriiil  (ioviirtniiuiit  to  riiisd  troop.-*  to  buI)- 
iliio  tilt!  Iii(liiiii8.  Wlii'ii  lie-  cniiK!  to  I'ortliinii 
Il()  wan  cluctcd  luHtico  of  tlio  IVai'is  iiiiil  Hlluii 
this  olllci'  nix  yt'iirs.  WliiU'  living  in  Orcj^on 
City  III!  WHS  oiif  of  till'  organizers  of  tlio  I'irst 
Coii^ivgatioiiiil  (!iiiirili  Sdi'ii'ty,  wiiirli  lie  lilicr- 
iillv  Mipporliil  cliiriii^  liis  rrsiiliMifi'  tlierc.  IIo 
was  one  of  II  coMipunv  of  tliree  who  liiiilt  tlie 
liOi  Wliitc.iiiiili,  the  first  steainlioiit  riiiuiiiig  be- 
tween Astoria  ami  Oreijun  (^ity;  she  was 
luiinclied  ut  a  cost  of  ltSr)o,U(H>,  liiit  sold  fur  $4(1,- 

Mrs.  White,  who  has  lieeii  a  faithful  eiMnpan- 
ioii  to  her  hiisliand  for  sixty  years,  still  survives, 
and  they  are  spending  their  deeliiiinir  years  in 
pence  iiiid  eoiiifort,  honored  liy  their  deseuiid- 
imts  and  respected  l»y  all  who  know  them. 


-.J-. 


•*- 


fOilN  1).  WHITMAN,  .\iiionjr  theproiii- 
iiieiit  liortieultiirists  of  southern  ( )re^;(iii, 
lew  Miiiiies  are  more  familiar  to  the  piiblie, 
espeeially  of  .liicksoii  eouiity.  than  that  whieli 
heads  this  sketch;  and  while  not  a  State  pioneer, 
lie  is  certainly  one  of  the  pioneer  fruit-growers 
of  this  section,  ami  has  done  much  to  lulvaiice 
the  interests  of  the  coiniiMinity  in  his  line  and, 
incideiitiilly,  iK'netit  the  country  at  large. 

.Mr.  Whitnian  settled  in  Meilford  in  1S85  and 
iiiimeiliatel\  luriird  hisattenlion  to  fruit  culture, 
to  which  he  found  the  country  in  this  vicinity  pe 
culiarly  adiipled,  both  (ui  account  of  the  mild  cli- 
mate and  till.'  fertile  soil.  He  bought  eij^hty-tivc 
acres  of  good  laud  just  outside  of  the  city  limits, 
thirteen  of  which  he  planted  the  following  year 
with  (dioice  fruit  trees  of  a  general  variety,  to 
which,  in  lS,-(li,  he  added  tifty-seveii  acres  more. 
His  orchard  now  consists  of  seventy  acres,  di- 
vided as  follows:  Eighteen  in  |)eiu!h.  both  early 
and  late,  numbering  some  1,700  trees;  three 
acres  each  of  pears  ami  prunes  of  diil'fc.'ont  va- 
rieties; and  the  remainder,  forty-si.x  acres,  are 
in  ajiple  trees  of  a  general  assortment,  although 
principally  of  winter  apples,  niimbering  4,()0() 
trees.  These  are  all  in  a  thoroughly  healthy 
condition,  and  the  yield  of  fruit  in  IW'.'l.  as  re- 
garils  size,  ijiiantity  and  quality,  was  something 
marvelous,  but  that  of  18!i2  Was  light,  owing  to 


late  froHtK.      in    IMIL.  tt>  further  fiu'llitate  the 

hamlling  ami  shipping  of  this  large  amount  of 
fniit,  he  erected  a  warehoiii-e,  wliiidi  is  provided 
with  all  the  niodern  iiiiprovenients  ami  eonveii- 
ieiiees  for  the  purpose.  .Mr.  Whitman's  son, 
•lames  A.,  who  lias  heretofore  had  charfje  of  the 
shipping,  will  hereafter  have  added  to  his  duties 
that  of  handling  the  fruit.  The  sliipiiieiits  of 
IH'.ll  were  extensive,  larire  iinantitie-i  lieinsr  sent 

r>         1  p^ 

both  north  amlsoiith,  |iartii'ularly  was  tliisso  of 
apples,  which  were  shipped  into  t!alifornia  ami 
thence  consii^ncd  to  .New  York  and  iMirope. 

Mr.  Whitman  is  [irobably  as  well  informed  in 
regard  to  fruit  culture  as  .iiy  man  in  the  iStiite, 
having  made  horticiilturo  a  special  study  and 
practice  for  many  years  and,  during  his  residence 
in  Medtord,  has  been  among  the  |ir(igressivp 
element,  ever  aiiiong  the  first  to  lend  aid  and 
encoiirai;eiiient  to  all  public  and  private  enter- 
prises, which  have  for  their  object  the  advance- 
iiiriit  ami  prosperity  of  the  city  and  county.  Ho 
is  an  etHident  mem  her  of  the  State  Hoard  of 
Horticulture  of  the  Third  District,  to  which 
position  ho  was  appointed  by  (Toveriior  Pen- 
nuyer  in  ISS'J.  As  a  citizen  he  is  eiimdly 
public-spirited  and  enterprising,  and  has  iin- 
tioiimled  faith  in  the  future  prosjierity  of  ^^ed- 
ford,  on  account  of  its  central  location,  su- 
perior natural  advantages  ami  excellent  railroad 
facilities. 

The  snbjeot  of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  the 
Kmpire  State,  having  been  born  in  Austerlitz, 
Columbia  county,  August  20,  1824.  lie  de- 
scends from  an  old  New  Knglan.l  family,  whose 
ancestors  were  English,  and  came  to  America 
about  1();{8.  The  .Vmerican  Whitmans  are  de- 
scendants of  John  Whitman,  of  Massachusetts, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  belonging  to  the  sev- 
enth generation.  Mr.  Whitman'.'i  parents  wore 
Levi  and  Mary  A.  (Dt'ty)  Whitman,  both  na- 
tives of  New  York  State,  the  former  born  in 
1792.  They  joined  the  westward  tide  of  emi- 
gration in  185S.  rcmovini;  to  Dallas  county, 
Iowa,  where  they  both  died,  the  father  Sep- 
tember 17,  1867,  ami  the  mother  December  ;"), 
1881.  They  had  five  sons,  of  whom  Mr.  Whit- 
man of  this  notice,  was  the  third  in  order  of 
birth. 

Tliis  gentlemiiu  was  educated  in  the  State  of 
his  birth,  and  at  an  early  ajfe  learned  the  car- 
penters' trade  from  his  father,  which  young 
Whitmiiii  followed  for  many  years  in  Massa- 
chusetts, the  fan.'ily  having  removed  to  Stock- 
bridge,  iliat  State,  in   1S4(J.      He  accompanied 


■mnmm 


uitiwuy  uf  uuKoun. 


vm 


liu 

of 

l.'.l 

nil, 
tllO 

icM 

of 

cut 

...f 


liin  iiai'ciitH.  twelve  y<'i'*  liittT,  to  Io'vh.  ami 
tliiiic  cii^^iim'il  ill  licirti'  iilturo  ami  fariiiiii^,  rc- 
muiiiiii}^  nil  mil!  plaet!  twdiity-wuvtMi  yeais,  mii't 
iiij^  witli  lliitlcriii^f  rtiK'ci'hS.  liuliiccd  liy  t'avi." 
illtlc  it'iiortH  iif  the  ^(l^tllwt■^t,  Mr.  vVliiliiiiiii 
rmiiiiMMl  in  ISNu  tn  Mt'dfuril.  whom  his  pros, 
perity  has  heoii  contlmicil  as  a  jiiiit  reward  of 
Ills  oiier^y,  industry  and  aliility. 

Mr.  Whitman  was  lirst  iimrrii'd  in  Loo,  Ikirk- 
sliirc  county,  Massaciiusctts,  in  lS4(i,  to  Miss 
Clatlicriiic  llarti:iii,  of  T'l'i'iicii  (h'scciit,  ami  aiiii- 
tivc  of  that  Slate.  Tliis  union  was  of  short 
duralion.  In^iiiii  teriiiiimted  liv  the  deatii  of  the 
(h'voted  wife,  Mareii  1«,  IfSGl.  In  1H52  .Mr. 
Wiiiliiian  iiiarriiMJ  Miss  Mary  A.  llidet,  also  a 
native  of  Maasaeliiisetts,  who.  afftir  a  married 
life  of  thirly-nine  years,  passe(l  away  July  '2M, 
18D1.  leaviiif^  her  family  and  many  friends  to 
iiiourn  her  loss.  To  this  union  wiin  born  si\ 
eliildreii,  two  of  whom  hiirvivi>:  <lolin  11.  and 
iJanies  A.  TlioM'  deceased  me:  Frank  I,.,  who 
died  ill  188S;  Mary  A.,  died  .lune  'itl,  1«7U; 
t!ora,  February  8,  18li7;  and  Hva  F.,  August 
:i:i,  18(!1. 

In  politics,  Mr.  Wliitnian  has  always  been 
allied  with  tiio  j)rogressivo  winif  of  the  Demo- 
cratic piM'ty,  althoiiifh  he  has  iievor  held  olHce 
in  this  Stato,  liaviiij;  frci]iuMitly  decliiiod  to  allow 
his  name  to  ^o  bet'ori^  the  public  as  a  candidate 
for  otlice,  his  attention  iiuiiif.;  ai)soil)ed  by  bis 
private  and  biisinens  interests,  lie  has,  however, 
lieen  active  in  sidiool  matters  and  is,  at  present, 
a  intMnbcr  of  the  Hoard  of  Sidiool  Trustees,  edu- 
cational interests  stronj^ly  apjiealiiif^  to  bis  sym- 
pathies. It  is  to  such  men  of  brain  and  brawn 
that  Oregon  owes  her  inafrniticeiit  strides  in  the 
inarch  of  progression  until  she  now  stands  in 
the  lorumost  rank  of  the  j^lorious  sir-terliood. 


■^^€i 


K|R.  D.  A.  I'AIXH,  practitioner  at  Kiiijene. 
fl|H  was  born  in  I'aine's  Hollow,  Herkimer 
\lg^  county,  New  York,  Octolter  1(!,  185;i. 
His  parents,  Philamder  A.  and  Sarah  (Filkins) 
Pi>ine,  were  natives  of  the  same  county,  and 
after  inarriaire  resided  upon  the  homestead  un- 
til lh(i',>,  wlieii  they  removed  to  Delaware  county, 
Iowa,  and  there  lived  to  the  age  of  sixty-tive 
years. 

Dr.  I'aine  was  ediiented  at  the  State  I'niver- 
sity  of  Iowa  and  began  the  study  of  medicine 
at'Moiiticello,  Iowa,  in  187.>,  under  the  precept 


oi'sliin  of  Dr.  I.  H.  I'liillips.  followed  by  u  two- 
years  course  at  the  iiieclieal  dcpartiiuMil  of  Ceii- 
triil  I'liiser-ity,  Kentucky.  lie  |p,.j;un  piaelii'e 
111  Ka|>i,i  City,  lilack  llilir-,  I  lakota,  and  later 
at  S.iiid  Spring,  Delaware  county,  lowa,  ru- 
iiiainiiig  until  the  tall  of  t'^ST.  whi-n  he  visiteil 
New  Vork  city,  and  passtNl  several  iiionllis  in 
Bpeciul  study  at  the  New  Vork  hospitals  and 
colleges.  Ill  the  spring  of  IHSM  he  eaiiie  to 
Kiigene,  where  his  lirother,  D.  !>.  Taine  resided. 
Dr.  I'aine  eommeneed  jiraetice  at  Fiigeiie,  in 
parliiersbip  witli  Dr.  .1.  .1  McDonald,  the  linn 
of  I'aine  tV  McDonald  coiil  inning  iiboiil  one 
year.  He  then  formi^l  a  parliiersbip  wilb  Dr. 
\V.  II.  .Mc.Mlirtrey,  which  lasted  iiiiln  ihe  fall 
of  Is'.tl,  when,  lliroi  gli  the  death  of  his  partner, 
Dr.  I'aine  was  left  alone,  and  he  has  c<uitiiiucd 
alone  over  since,  continuing  a  general  iiraetice, 
making  a  speciality  of  ■-urgicai  (jpeialioiis.  Ho 
is  a  liiv  isioii  siirgi'on  for  ibe  oiitbcrn  I'acilie 
Uiiib'iiad  with  beadiiii:'rler.-i  al   lOiigene. 

He  was  married  iil  Monlicello,  Iowa,  iii.liilv, 
1878,  to  lielle  Slaiisoii,  of  Illinois.  They  have 
three  children:  Leona,  Carrie  and  Flmer.  The 
family  reside  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  and  High 
streets,  where  the  Doctor  imilt  his  cottage  homo 
ill  L87!),  and  also  owns  other  valuable  |iroperty 
in  Kiigene.  Ho  is  a  member  of  the  bliii'  foijgu 
and  chapter,  F.  ifc  A.  M.,  ;iiiil  a  charter  niem- 
bi'r  <d'  kllgelle  Camp,  Woodmen  of  the  World, 
lie  was  one  of  llie  iiicor|)oiiitoi's  of  the  Kiigeiie 
.National  Hank,  is  ex-president  of  the  Lane 
Count V  .Medical  .Society,  and  inember  of  ijio 
National  Association  of  Ilailway  Siirgeons. 


tFVl  II.  IirSSFLI,.  seereliiry  aii<l  treas- 
urer of  one  (d'  the  leading  lumber  liriiii-  of 
llilgarcl,  Orei^on,  was  born  in  Douglas 
county,  Nebraska,  .March  7,  18,'57.  He  is  the 
secoml  child  in  a  family  of  four  ebildreii,  born 
to  William  and  l'auliiia(Kossingi  Kussell,  natives 
ot  Tennessee  'ind  Ohio,  respectively. 

Oursiibject  reiiiaine(lin  Nebraska  until  nine 
teen  years  id'  age,  receiving  a  cmniiioii-school 
education.  In  ls7t)  he  started  in  life  for  liiin- 
self.  Following  the  westward  tide  he  went  to 
I'tah,  and  there  was  employed  by  the  railroad 
com |)anv  ill  construction  of  its  roads.  He  worki'd 
for  years  as  an  assistant,  ami  Ibeii  look  charge 
of  till!  coiiiiiaMyV  works,  wa>  made  siiperinteiicl- 
eiit  of  the  company  and  worked    through  Utah, 


m 


laos 


insrOHY    OF    OREGON. 


Montana  iin<l  Iilalio  for  nine  years,  having 
C'liar}i;e  of  all  the  imsiiiesH,  Ixith  nu'rcimtile  and 
consti'iu'tivo.  At  tbo  expiration  .'f  tin;  iiinn 
years  ho  left  tht*  (:orn|iany  iniii  went  to  Ketehnni. 
Idaho,  and  thure  Ixm^lit  a  hotel,  wliieh  he 
(Mierated  a  short  tinui,  thoM  tvM  it  and  eiiijaged 
aw  l)(Jol\keeper  for  the  Idalio  Forwardini^  Com- 
patiy,  with  whom  he  remained  one  year,  and 
then  pnrchaHed  a  hiacksinitii  shop  and  carried 
on  that  business  lor  one  year.  In  1887  Mr. 
Knssidl  <'aine  to  Ililganl,  ()rei,fon,  on  the  Union 
I'aeitic,  UailroH'l,  and  tlien  orj^anized  a  Ininher 
eoinpany,  with  a  capital  stix'k  of  $75,(KM),  in 
wliicii  he  lii.s  since  het-n  enjiaj^ed.  lie  is  an 
l'(jiial  stocl;liol(U'r  of  the  company  and  serves  as 
secretary  and  ti'easiirer.  The  tirm  is  now  do- 
ing a  l)\isiness  of  $75,(;'H)  per  year.  They  nntn- 
iil'acture  everything  in  their  line,  such  as  doors. 
SHsli,  etc..  having  now  two  sawmills  running  to 
supply  the  demaiul  for  lumher  for  their  man- 
ufactures. They  enijiloy  aliout  sevcnity-tive  men 
the  year  round. 

In  addition  to  his  manufacturing  interests 
Mr.  Russell  has  a  line  farm  al'  1,300  acres.  In 
March,  1892,  he  was  nominated  t(.  represent 
Union  county  in  the  Legislature  of  18i.(2-'y3. 

Mr.  liussell  was  married  jVngust  12,  1H83. 
to  Miss  E.  .1.  Uoes,  a  luitive  of  Caiuida.  and  o'le 
child,  I.ulia  H.,has  heen  horn  to  them.  This  litti" 
one  was  horn  May  H,  18^4.  and  she  is  a  bright, 
intelligent  child,  the  j)et  of  the  hdusehold.  Mr. 
liusi-ell  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternitv. 
Chapter  and  Conimaudery.  In  jiolitics  he  hi. 
always  been  a  strong  Ilcpublican. 


--S^  -'K^-^ir^-^ 


l^jfllJ.IAM  KDWAUDWAnUEX.of  Mc 

Minnville,  isan  h(iiu)red  (  h'cgon  pioneer 
of  1847,  and  was  born  in  Ilalil'a.x.  Xova 
iScdtiii,  l''(^br\iary  2(5.  181t).  thus  havi.ig  wit- 
nessed the  vast  improvements  of  three-()iiarters 
of  a  century,  which  have  not  only  been  trans- 
forming the  more  eastern  portion  of  the  Uniteil 
States,  but  has,  perhajis  been  more  visibly  ap- 
parent in  the  extreme  \\  est.  One  can  almost 
envy  him  the  |)leasure  of  having  witnessed  tnis 
stirring  panorama,  and  especially  of  viewnig 
the  transformation  in  Oregon  during  the  last 
forty-tive  years,  from  a  wild  ai'd  unpopulated 
region  to  its  present  tlourishing  ami  populous 
condition. 


His  father,  Edward  Warren,  was  born  in  Bris- 
tol. England,  in  1785,  and  was  a  I'nrser  in  the 
English  navy.  lie  married,  in  181."),  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth Oould,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia.  Her 
lather,  William  Gould,  was  a  Flag  Sergeant  in 
the  iiritish  army,  and  fought  in  the  battle  of 
Waterloo.  They  had  eight  children,  of  whom 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  the  eldest,  and  the 
only  survivor.  His  father  died  in  Halifax,  iu 
1834,  and  his  mother  in  Portland,  Oregon,  in 
1849. 

The  motluM-.  three  sous  and  three  daughters, 
left  Buffalo.  New  Vnrk,  in  183(),  and  drove  with 
a  team  to  Illinois,  where  they  remained  for  four 
years,  and  then  they  went  to  Missouri;  8top])ed 
thei'e  until  1n47,  and  then  drove  ou  across  the 
plains  to  Oregon,  thus  making  the  journey 
by  wagon  fruui  ocean  to  oueau.  When  they 
arrived  thirty  miles  this  side  of  Walla  Walla, 
they  were  robbed  of  thiir  teams  and  nuttit  by 
the  Indians,  escaping  with  only  their  lives. 

Tiiey  arrived  in  Portland,  whei-  they  re- 
mained until  1851.  Ilei-e  the  subjei'.r  of  otir 
sketch  worked  until  he  acfjuired  the  Tiieans  to 
pnrchaso  a  yoke  of  oxen,  when  he  dm  draying, 
having  for  some  time  the  only  rig  of  the  kind  in 
the  town,  and  his  outfit  consisting  of  t"'o  yoke  of 
o.xen  and  a  wagon.  He  was  very  successful,  but 
the  Iiulians  stole  one  pair  of  his  o.xen. 

He  continued  in  Portland  until  1851,  when 
he  caiiu'  to  Vani  11111  county,  and  settled  on  a 
domition  claim  of  ii4()  acres,  located  eight  miles 
west  of  the  present  site  of  McMinnville, 

.Inst  |)revious  to  coining  to  Orej^on,  Mr.  War- 
ren was  married  iu  Missouri,  in  1847.  to  Miss 
Almira  0.  Martin,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  Her 
parents  were  Lewis  and  Tobitha  (('ash)  Mar- 
tin, the  former  born  August  27,  1787,  and  the 
latter  June  11,  1TS)4,  and  were  married  in  1807. 
They  had  ten  cliihiren:  .loanmi,  Nancy,  Dillard, 
Washington,  Wesley,  Elizabeth.  .lames  Madi- 
M)n,  i,uson  V..  Mary  .lane,  and  Almira  V.  Mr. 
Lewis  was  in  the  war  of  1S12,  and  iu  the  liulian 
wars.  By  occupation  he  was  a  planter,  in  Vir- 
ginia. Mr.  Warreu  and  his  wife  crossed  the 
j)lains,  and  three  children  were  born  in  Port- 
laiul,  with  whom  they  came  to  the  donation 
claim.  They  began  life  iu  a  little  log  cabin,  iu 
which  they  lived  until  1860,  when  he  Imili  a 
large  and  conifortable  house  and  good  barns, 
besides  making  other  improvements.  He  had 
the  rare  foresight  to  retain  possession  of  this 
farm,  which  isiuiw  very  valuable.  He  contin- 
ued   to    res.i,de  on  il    until   1887,  when  he  piir- 


\n 


■IIHTORy    OF    OHKGON. 


I'.Mm 


chaJied  soino  lots  in  tlie  city  of  McMiiiiiville,  on 
which  he  ci'C'fti'd  a  cosy,  ph'iisarit  home,  wliere 
lie  luid  his  family  are  now  living. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warren  have  seven  children: 
William  li.,  the  eldest  son,  is  the  present  Sher- 
iff of  Yhin  Hill  county;  Ann  Aciielin.  is  the 
wife  of  Mr.  .lefFerson  Simson.  and  resides  in 
Amity;  liaehel  is  the  wife  of  Mr.  James  liow- 
land,  and  resides  in  Wa8hinjj;ton;  Sn.san  is  the 
wife  of  Mr.  Thomas  J.  I'aine.  rcsiiling  in  F'ort- 
land;  James  married  I'ertha  Verstugne  of  Hol- 
land, and  resides  in  Salem;  Km  ma  (rene,  mar- 
ried Mr.  Ralph  Kingsbury,  and  resides  in  Farni- 
ington,  Washington;  Ora  K.,  is  the  wife  of 
.Mr.  Peter  'rimnnison,  and  lives  near  .McMinn- 
ville. 

Mr.  WarriMi  is  a  Uepnhlican,  and  during  the 
war  was  a  member  of  the  LTnion  League,  and 
WHS  loyal  to  the  (Tovernment  in  its  time  of  peril. 
He  was  one  of  the  judjies  of  the  first  idectMin 
held  in  Portland,  and  copied  the  poll-hooks  sent 
to  the  (iovcinor. 

He  and  his  worthy  wife  are  consistent   nieni 
hei-s  of  the  Haptist  (Church,  to  the   supjiort  of 
which  they  liberally  contribute. 

Now  seventy-six  years  of  age,  forty- five  of 
which  have  been  cheered  by  the  sympathy  and 
companionshi]!  of  a  good  wife,  ifr.  Warren  is 
an  (excellent  representative  of  the  hardy  ])i(>neer, 
who,  by  intelligent  and  persistent  effort  ajiplii.'d 
to  the  wonderful  resource  of  this  great  State, 
has  accumulated  a  competence  and  gained  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 

[ILLIAM  L.  WAHRl'X,  an  esteemed 
native  son  of  <>)'ogon,  and  prosperous 
?»  farmer,  and  popular  Sheriii  of  Yam 
Hill  county,  was  born  in  I'ortland,  Aui;ust  ti. 
1841).  (See  history  of  his  father.  William  Kd- 
ward  Warren,  an  honored  Oregon  pioneer  of 
1847,  in  this  book.)  He  was  the  second  child, 
and  was  reared  on  his  fathei-'s  donation  claim  in 
Yam  Hill  county.  He  attended  tiie  district 
school,  traveling  three  miles  to  reach  the  primi- 
tive log  scl  o(dhou8e.  In  1S(51  he  went  to 
Portland,  where,  for  five  years,  he  lud  the  bene- 
fit of  the  public  schools,  in  IHiSfi  he  returned 
to  Y.im  Hill  CDUiity,  where,  for  two  years,  Uo 
attended  the  McMinnville  Haptisl  College. 

He  then  retnrnecl  to  the  farm,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  the  )irod\iction  of  grain  and  stock 
for  several  years. 


On  April  3.  1870,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Anuinda  J.  Payne,a  native  of  Yam  Hill  county, 
antl  the  <laiighter  of  Mr.  ().  J.  i'ayiuv  an  es- 
teeitied  pioneer  of   1847. 

After  his  imirriaire,  he  farmed  the  lands  of 
ills  father-in  law,  for  four  years,  when  ,Mr. 
Payne  <livided  his  lan<l  among  his  tlir(>e  chil- 
dreii,  and  upon  Mrs.  Warren's  nhare,  the  subject 
of  our  sketch  btiilt  a  substantial  houMs  and 
otherwise  improved  the  place,  and  also  wurkeil 
the  other  portions  <d'  the  land.  He  also  <iwnH 
valuable  city  proi)erty  in  McMinnville,  which 
he  lionght  upon  first  coming  here. 

.VIr.  and  Mrs.  Warren  liiive  three  sdtis;  Ivl- 
ward  M.,  'i'hrjinas  J.,  and  Miles  I),,  all  born  in 
Yam  Hill  county. 

In  politics  Mr.  Warren  i-  an  active  Republi- 
can, and  in  18'.K),  was  noniituited  by  his  party 
for  the  office  of  Sheriff,  receiving  nini'ty-five 
out  of  llIS  votes  ill  the  precinct  in  which  he 
lived.  Jle  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the 
oftice  in  July,  18!MI,  and  conducted  the  business 
so  satisfactorilv,  that  he  was  re-noiniiuited  by 
acclamation,  and  was  elected  by  4150  majority. 
lie  is  a   prominent  member  of  tlit^    .Masonic 

!    fraternity, — of  the  blue  lodge.  Royal  Arch  and 

}  Council,— and  the  A.O,  U,  W. 

I       Oregon's  superior  productive   powers  are  so 

I  well  known,  that  it  is  not  remarkable  that  this 
should  influence  the  human  race  within  her 
charmed  confines,  as  well  as  the  vegetable  king- 
dom. Here  in  the  freeilom  of  iier  va.^f  plains, 
man  is  not  crowdiMJ  out  of  existence  as  in  conn- 

j  trios  of  an  older  civilization,  but  like  tlu'  mon- 
arch of  the  CoreHf,  spreads  his  arms  to  the  re- 
freshing breezes  of  heaven,  until  his  Ijrow 
tniiches  the  skies. 

■»f3-i^ 

[KOliCiK  W.  WHITKAKKR,  an  Oregon 
pioneer  of  1848,  and  a  prominent  citizen 
of  liide|)endence,  Orei>on,  was  born  in 
lis,  July  21,  1?S12.  He  is  the  son  of  l!en- 
jaiiiin  J.  Whiteaker,  one  of  Oregon's  iiioneers, 
now  deceased.  (See  history  of  David  Jesse 
Whiteaker  for  family  history.)  (ieorge  Wash- 
ington Whiteaker  was  si\  years  of  age  when  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  Oregon,  .\fter  his  arrival 
in  Oregon  he  had  a  siivere  attiU'k  of  mountain 
fever,  ami  as  it  affected  his  memory  of  the  jour 
ney  and  all  that  preceded  it.  he  has  no  knowleilgi' 
of  any  other  State  b\it  Oregon.  He  was  ieare<l 
on   his   father's    farm,   and  attended   the  jiublic 


1300 


HISTORY    OF   OHEGON. 


Bcliool.  lif  roiimiiii  <i  witli  liis  father  until  he  was 
twonty-sovon  years  of  aifu,  when  he  was  married. 
After  liirt  marriage  he  settled  two  and  one-half 
miles  north  of  Moninoiith,  on  the  donation 
claim  of  his  hi'uther,  AV.  II.  Wliiteaker,  which 
contained  '^'2i)  acres.  This  he  purchased  and 
farmed  for  twelve  years,  his  efforts  heiiii^  very 
successful  in  the  farming  line,  lie  still  own.s 
this  |iro|ierty,  although  he  purchased  pro|)ei:ty 
in  Independence  in  liSHiJ,  where  ho  now  resides, 
eiiijafiecl  in  Hpeculatinj;.  He  is  successful  in  all 
enterprises  that  he  engages  in. 

Mr.  Whiteaker  is  a  stockholder  in  hotli  the 
banks  of  IndepeTidenco,  ,ind  has  l)een  a  director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  since  its  organiza- 
tion. In  additio!!  to  his  original  farm  he  has 
two  others,  on  one  of  which  he  raises  hope. 


Mr.  Whiteiiker  was  married  in  Dallas.  De- 
cember 21,  1870,  to  Miss  Nancy  Ann  Osborn, 
a  native  of  Illinois,  l)orn  December  18,  ISoO, 
daughter  of  Willis  Osborn,  an  Oregon  pioneer 
of  1852.  He  now  resides  in  Washington.  His 
wife  was  a  Miss  Nellie  G.  Galespy,  and  he  and 
bis  wife  had  two  ciiildren. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Whiteaker  have  had  eijjht  chil- 
dren, nauudy:  George  L.,  David  J..  Frank  Leslie, 
Rob  Roy,  Ethel  Agnes  and  John  Olan.  The  other 
two  died  when  very  young.  Mr.  Whiteaker  is 
a  solid  Democrat,  but  is  a  man  who  can  be  true 
to  liis  party,  without  desiring  or  o.\cepting  pub- 
lic office.  lie  and  his  interesting  family  are 
very  highly  respected  and  esteemed  throughout 
the  county. 


